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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the English People, Index, by 
+John Richard Green
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: History of the English People, Index
+
+Author: John Richard Green
+
+Release Date: May 20, 2008 [EBook #25533]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDEX OF ENGLISH HISTORY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Paul Murray, Lisa Reigel, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                               HISTORY
+
+                                  OF
+
+                          THE ENGLISH PEOPLE
+
+
+                                  BY
+
+                       JOHN RICHARD GREEN, M.A.
+               HONORARY FELLOW OF JESUS COLLEGE, OXFORD
+
+
+                                INDEX
+
+
+                                London
+                       MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD.
+                     NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO.
+                                 1896
+
+
+          _First Edition, 1879; Reprinted 1882, 1886, 1891._
+                      _Eversley Edition, 1896._
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+  Abbot, George, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 341;
+    his Puritanism, v. 90;
+    protests against Lady Essex's divorce, 191;
+    pleads for help for the Elector Palatine, 218;
+    suspended, 255
+
+  Abelard, i. 283, 285
+
+  Abercromby, General, vii. 266
+
+  Abercromby, Sir Ralph, viii. 140, 165
+
+  Aberdeen sacked by Montrose, vi. 23
+
+  Aberffraw, princes of, ii. 46, 108
+
+  Abergavenny besieged by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 11
+
+  Abergavenny, Edward Neville, first Lord, iii. 114
+
+  Abergavenny, George Neville, tenth Lord, vii. 23
+
+  Abermenai, English fleet repulsed from, ii. 54
+
+  "Abhorrers," vi. 314
+
+  Abingdon, Abbey of, its relations with Oxford, i. 306-308
+
+  Abingdon, James Bertie, first Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Aboukir, battle of, viii. 141
+
+  Acadia, strife of French and English in, vii. 242, 243
+
+  Accursi, Francesco, ii. 102
+
+  Aclea, battle of, i. 103
+
+  Acre, siege of, viii. 141
+
+  Acts of Parliament. _See_ Statutes
+
+  Adam of Usk, ii. 178
+
+  Adamnan's _Life of St. Columba_, i. 8
+
+  Adams, John, vii. 281
+
+  Addington, Henry, viii. 156, 170.
+    _See_ Sidmouth
+
+  Addison, Joseph, vii. 158, 159, 292
+
+  Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror, i. 214
+
+  Adelard of Bath, i. 282, 293
+
+  _Admonition to the Parliament_, iv. 296
+
+  Adrian IV., Pope, i. 250
+
+  Adrian VI., Pope, iii. 249
+
+  Ælfheah, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 142;
+    translation of, 145
+
+  Ælfred, king of Wessex, i. 105;
+    his struggle with the northmen, 106, 107;
+    treaty with them, 107;
+    character, 107-110;
+    rule, 111, 112;
+    literary and educational work, 113-115;
+    organization of fleet and fyrd, 116;
+    second struggle with northmen, _ib._, 117;
+    death, 117;
+    Asser's _Life of_, 5;
+    _Sayings of_, 278, 280
+
+  Ælfred, son of Æthelred II., i. 147, 148
+
+  Ælfric, ealdorman of Central Wessex, i. 140
+
+  Ælla, king of Deira, i. 52, 53
+
+  Ælle, king of the South Saxons, i. 34
+
+  Æsc, king of Kent, i. 49
+
+  Æthelbald, king of Mercia, i. 90, 96
+
+  Æthelbald, king of Wessex, i. 103
+
+  Æthelberht, king of Kent, i. 56, 57, 59, 62, 65
+
+  Æthelberht, king of Wessex, i. 103
+
+  Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, i. 117, 118
+
+  Æthelgifu, mother-in-law of King Eadwig, i. 136, 137
+
+  Æthelfrith, king of Northumbria, i. 60, 62
+
+  Ætheling, the, i. 11
+
+  Æthelred, king of Mercia, i, 89
+
+  Æthelred I., king of Wessex, i. 103-105
+
+  Æthelred II., King, i. 139-141
+
+  Æthelred, ealdorman of Mercia, i. 117
+
+  Æthelric, king of Bernicia, i. 52, 53, 60
+
+  Æthelstan, King, i. 119, 120
+
+  Æthelweard's _Chronicle_, i. 5
+
+  Æthelwine, ealdorman of East Anglia, i. 139, 140
+
+  Æthelwulf, king of Wessex, i. 103
+
+  Agénois, dispute about, ii. 197, 198, 209, 219
+
+  Agincourt, battle of, iii. 30-32
+
+  Agitators, Council of, vi. 52, 53, 57
+
+  Agriculture, changes in, under Elizabeth, iv. 278
+
+  Aidan, St., i. 69-71
+
+  Aids, feudal, ii. 104;
+    "free," 152, 153
+
+  Aiguillon
+    taken by the Earl of Derby, ii. 234;
+    besieged by John of France, _ib._, 235
+
+  Aislabie, Chancellor of the Exchequer, vii. 192
+
+  Aix-la-Chapelle, peace of, vi. 250; vii. 231
+
+  Albany, Robert, first Duke of, iii. 9, 16
+
+  Albany, Alexander, third Duke of, iii. 232;
+    Protector of Scotland, 235;
+    struggle with Margaret, 247, 248
+
+  Albemarle, Edward, Duke of, ii. 380; iii. 7.
+    _See_ Rutland
+
+  Albemarle, George Monk, Duke of (_see_ Monk), vi. 193
+
+  Albemarle, Stephen, Count of, i. 192
+
+  Alberoni, Cardinal, vii. 186-188
+
+  Albigenses, ii. 7, 35
+
+  Albinus, friend of Bæda, i. 94
+
+  Alcwine, letters of, i. 4
+
+  Alderman of a gild, i. 299
+
+  Aldfrith, king of Northumbria, i. 91
+
+  Aldgate, Priory of Holy Trinity at, i. 223
+
+  Alençon,
+    William the Conqueror's vengeance on, i. 179;
+    reduced by Henry V., iii. 33
+
+  Alençon, Francis, Duke of. _See_ Anjou
+
+  Alexander III., Pope, i. 235
+
+  Alexander I., Czar of Russia, viii. 164, 180, 198, 202
+
+  Alexander III., king of Scots, ii. 135
+
+  Alfred of Beverley, i. 246
+
+  Alfune founds St. Giles', Cripplegate, i. 223
+
+  Algiers bombarded by Blake, vi. 116
+
+  Allen, Dr. William, iv. 307, 310, 353, 354;
+    his _Defense of the English Catholics_, 354
+
+  Alleyn, Joseph, vi. 223
+
+  Alliance, Grand, vii. 49;
+    its success, 79, 80, 88;
+    breaks up, 89;
+    the second, 107;
+    Triple, vi. 249; vii. 185
+
+  Almanza, battle of, vii. 134
+
+  Alva, Ferdinand Alvarez, Duke of, iv. 225, 257, 258, 298, 300, 335
+
+  Amboise,
+    conspiracy of, iv. 175;
+    edict of, 217
+
+  America,
+    early settlements in, iv. 329, 330, 345;
+    Puritan emigration to, v. 308-314, 319, 320;
+    English colonies in, vii. 236;
+      their progress, 237;
+      slavery in, _ib._;
+      education in, 238;
+      their political condition, 239, 240;
+      relations with England, 241, 243, 244;
+      strife with the French, 249;
+      Pitt's policy in, 266;
+    relations with England after the Seven Years' War, 280-283;
+    Bute's policy towards, 310, 311;
+    Grenville's, 320, 321, 326;
+    English and American theories of their relation to England, 320-325;
+    renewed attempt at taxation of, viii. 3, 4, 14;
+    war with England, 22-26, 32;
+    French settlements in, vii. 232, 242, 243;
+      ceded to England, 307;
+    Spanish conquests in, iv. 329, 330;
+    English trade with, vii. 216;
+    United States of, declare their independence, viii. 24;
+    alliance with France, 28;
+    peace with England, 41;
+    importance of their independence, 42-44;
+    increase of their carrying trade through the Continental System,
+        177;
+    embargo on trade with Europe, 182;
+    pass an Act of Non-Intercourse with England and France, 183;
+      repeal it, 184;
+    cease intercourse with Great Britain, 192;
+    war with England, 198, 203-205
+
+  Amherst, General, vii. 266, 267, 269
+
+  Amiens,
+    Mise of, ii. 68;
+    Peace of, viii. 167
+
+  Ancrum Moor, battle of, iv. 29
+
+  Anderida (Pevensey) destroyed by Saxons, i. 34
+
+  André, Bernard, his _Life of Henry VII._, iii. 83
+
+  Andredsweald, the, i. 33;
+    attacked by northmen, 116
+
+  Andrewes, Lancelot, Bishop of Winchester, v. 267
+
+  Aneurin, ii. 49, 53
+
+  Angeln, i. 9
+
+  Anglesea
+    conquered by Eadwine, i. 63;
+    reduced by an English fleet, ii. 109;
+    English routed in, 120
+
+  Angoulême
+    taken by Henry of Derby, ii. 234;
+    regained by John of Normandy, _ib._
+
+  Angoumois
+    restored to Edward III., ii. 266;
+    won by Du Guesclin, 287
+
+  Angus, Archibald Douglas, sixth (or ninth) Earl of, iii. 231; iv. 22,
+      29, 52
+
+  Anhalt, Christian, Duke of, v. 177
+
+  Anjou,
+    documents for early history of, i. 7;
+    counts of, 208-213;
+    conquered by Philip Augustus, 269;
+    cession of, ii. 63
+
+  Anjou, Francis, Duke of, iv. 313, 316, 336-338, 348
+
+  Anjou, Henry, Duke of, iv. 297, 298.
+    _See_ Henry III., king of France
+
+  Anjou, René, Duke of, iii. 61
+
+  Anlaf, the sea-king, i. 120
+
+  _Annales Angliæ et Scotiæ_, i. 274
+
+  _Annales Cambriæ_, i. 7
+
+  Anne, daughter of James, Duke of York, vi. 309; vii. 28;
+    forsakes her father, 42;
+    relations with the Churchills, 109-111;
+    Queen, 112;
+    her "Bounty," 123;
+    resistance to the Whigs, 133;
+    temper and policy, 135, 136;
+    breaks with the Duchess of Marlborough, 138;
+    threat to the Electress Sophia, 144;
+    dismisses Oxford, 145;
+    dies, 146
+
+  Anne of Bohemia, wife of Richard II., ii. 348, 367
+
+  Anne of Cleves, wife of Henry VIII., iii. 351; iv. 17
+
+  Anselm, St., i. 193-196;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 196;
+    struggle with William Rufus, _ib._, 197;
+    recalled, 199;
+    crowns Matilda, 200;
+    supports Henry I., 201
+
+  Antonio, Don, claimant of Portugal, iv. 367
+
+  Antwerp,
+    its trade with England, iv. 257;
+    refugees from, 305, 324;
+    sacked, 310;
+    surrenders to Parma, 349
+
+  Appeal, Court of, i. 256
+
+  Appeals to the Pope, ii. 222;
+    protest of Edward III. against, 274;
+    forbidden, iii. 302;
+    from Scotland, Edward I.'s claim to, ii. 140
+
+  Appellant, the Lords, ii. 353, 354, 371
+
+  Aquitaine,
+    Henry Fitz-Empress's relations with, i. 226, 233;
+    revolts against Richard I., 263;
+    secured by Eleanor for John, 268;
+    submits to Philip Augustus, 270;
+    Edward III. does homage for, ii. 209;
+      granted him in full sovereignty, 266;
+    change in its attitude towards the English king, 280;
+    relations with Spain, 282;
+    rejects the hearth-tax, 285;
+    its barons appeal to France, _ib._;
+    regained by France, 287, 288;
+    granted by Richard II. to John of Gaunt, 369.
+    _See_ Guienne
+
+  Archangel, discovery of, iv. 283
+
+  Archers, the English, ii. 241, 242; iii. 31
+
+  Architecture
+    under Edward I., ii. 105, 106;
+    domestic, its developement under Elizabeth, iv. 285-287
+
+  Arcola, battle of, viii. 123
+
+  Arcot seized by Clive, vii. 235
+
+  Argyle, Archibald Campbell, fourth Earl of, iv. 114
+
+  Argyle, Archibald Campbell, fifth Earl of, iv. 223, 230, 245, 260
+
+  Argyle, Archibald Campbell, eighth Earl and first Marquis of (_see_
+      Lorne), v. 341;
+    his relations with Charles I., 363, 364;
+    defeated at Inverlochy, vi. 38;
+    restored to power, 63;
+    proclaims Charles II. king, 71;
+    death, 181; vii. 8
+
+  Argyle, Archibald Campbell, ninth Earl of, vii. 8, 9
+
+  Argyle, John Campbell, second Duke of, vii. 146, 183
+
+  Aristotle, Edmund Rich lectures on, i. 288, 293
+
+  Arkwright, Richard, viii. 60
+
+  Arles, kingdom of, i. 262
+
+  Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of (_see_ Bennet),
+    Secretary of State, vi. 245;
+    policy in Triple Alliance, 248, 250;
+    Charles's confidant in the Treaty of Dover, 258;
+    dismissed, 281
+
+  Arlotta, mother of William the Conqueror, i. 157
+
+  Armada, the Spanish,
+    its gathering, iv. 344;
+    sails, 356;
+    off the Lizard, 357;
+    its force, 360;
+    reaches Calais, 361;
+    its flight, 362;
+    ruin, 363;
+    its results, 364, 365;
+    the second, v. 60
+
+  Armagnac, Bernard, Count of, iii. 16, 17
+
+  Arminians, the, v. 114, 266
+
+  Arms, Assize of, i. 257
+
+  Army, the English,
+    its double character, ii. 240;
+    the feudal, its composition, ii. 239;
+    raised by the Parliament against Charles I., vi. 1;
+    of the Associated Counties, 8, 13, 18;
+    the New Model, 35-37;
+    its character and policy, 50-52;
+    seizes the king, 53;
+    its "Humble Representation," _ib._, 54;
+    marches on London, _ib._;
+    negotiates with the Parliament, 54;
+    with the king, 55;
+    enters London, 56;
+    resolves to bring Charles to account, 61;
+    invades Scotland, 62;
+    demands justice on the king, 64;
+    struggle with the Parliament, 65, 66;
+    mutiny in, 75;
+    petitions for a new Parliament, 87;
+    struggle with the Rump, 89;
+    recalls the Rump, 149;
+    drives it out again, 150;
+    relations with Monk, 150, 151;
+    its dissolution, 153;
+    Charles II.'s, 182, 183; vii. 4;
+    increased by James II., 11;
+    Catholic officers in, 14, 15;
+    Parliament's control over it established, vii. 61;
+    reduced under William III., 97;
+    increased again, 105, 107
+
+  Army Plot, v. 359, 360
+
+  Arnold, General, viii. 23
+
+  Arran, James Hamilton, second Earl of, iv. 26, 199
+
+  Arras, treaties of, iii. 56, 120, 170
+
+  Arteveldt, Jacques van, ii. 227, 233
+
+  Arteveldt, Philip van, ii. 349
+
+  Arthur, leader of the Britons, i. 34;
+    legends of, 246, 247; ii. 57
+
+  Arthur of Britanny, i. 247, 260, 268
+
+  Arthur, son of Henry VII., iii. 186, 187
+
+  Articles of Religion, 1536, iii. 333, 337, 338;
+    Five, iv. 156;
+    Forty-two, 59, 160;
+    Six, iii. 346;
+    repealed, iv. 48;
+    Thirty-nine, 59, 216;
+    magistrates and public officers compelled to subscribe to, 273;
+    subscription of ministers to, v. 156;
+    Three (Whitgift's), iv. 341, 342; v. 115, 116
+
+  Articles, Lords of the, iv. 228
+
+  Artillery,
+    first instance known of its use in field warfare, ii. 237;
+    results of its introduction, iii. 95, 96
+
+  Arundel, Thomas, Bishop of Ely, ii. 352;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 367, 370, 371, 373;
+    persecuting tendencies, iii. 4;
+    urges Richard II.'s death, 7;
+    prevents confiscation of Church property, 15, 21;
+    removed from the chancellorship, 25;
+    convicts Lord Cobham of heresy, 27
+
+  Arundel, Richard Fitz-Alan, fourth Earl of, ii. 353, 367, 370, 371
+
+  Arundel, Henry Fitz-Alan, twelfth Earl of, iv. 173, 267, 268
+
+  Arundel, Thomas Howard, fourteenth Earl of, v. 248
+
+  Arundell of Wardour, Henry, third Lord, vi. 256, 296; vii. 20
+
+  Ascham, Roger, iv. 134, 135
+
+  Ashdown, battle of, i. 105
+
+  Ashley, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Lord (_see_ Cooper), vi. 194;
+    opposes the Act of Uniformity, 208;
+    character, 216, 217;
+    policy, 218, 219;
+    Chancellor of the Exchequer, 245;
+    change in his attitude on the question of toleration, 252;
+    advises a dissolution, 253;
+    schemes of toleration, 259;
+    attitude towards war with Holland, 260.
+    _See_ Shaftesbury
+
+  Assandun, battle of, i. 143
+
+  Assembly, the French National, viii. 86
+
+  Asser, i. 5, 113
+
+  Assize
+    of Arms, i. 257;
+    of Clarendon, 238;
+    of the Forest, 267;
+    of Northampton, 255
+
+  Astley, Sir Jacob, vi. 42
+
+  Aston, Sir Arthur, vi. 76
+
+  Athelney,
+    Ælfred at, i. 106;
+    abbey at, 114
+
+  Athenree, battle of, ii. 376
+
+  Athlone captured by the English, iii. 329
+
+  Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of Rochester, vii. 167
+
+  Audley, James Touchet, Lord, iii. 74
+
+  Aughrim, battle of, vii. 73
+
+  Augsburg,
+    conference at, iv. 21;
+    treaty of, vii. 27
+
+  Augustine, St., Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 57-59
+
+  Austerlitz, battle of, viii. 173
+
+  Australia, vii. 278
+
+  Austria, Charles, Archduke of, iv. 193, 195
+
+  Austria, Don John of, iv. 310-312
+
+  Auxerre, battle near, iii. 39
+
+  Avaux, Count of, vii. 59
+
+  Avesbury, Robert of, ii. 177
+
+  Avignon, the Popes at, ii. 216, 217, 221, 224
+
+  Avowal, the, v. 268
+
+  Avranches taken by Henry V., iii. 33
+
+  Axholme, the Disinherited at, ii. 84, 85
+
+  Aylesford, battle of, i. 33
+
+  Aylmer, John, iv. 119
+
+  Ayrshire, rising in, vi. 62
+
+
+  Babington, Anthony, iv. 351, 352
+
+  Bacon, Francis, v. 46-55;
+    his political career, 222-224;
+    last years, 225;
+    _Life of Henry VII._, iii. 83
+
+  Bacon, Sir Nicholas, iv. 152
+
+  Bacon, Roger, i. 293; ii. 14-19;
+    his _Opus Majus_, 19-21
+
+  Badajoz stormed, viii. 199
+
+  Badbury, battle of, i. 34
+
+  Badby, Thomas, iii. 22
+
+  Badlesmere, Lady, ii. 195
+
+  Bæda, i. 91-95;
+    his _History_, 4, 94
+
+  Baillie's _Letters_, v. 73
+
+  Bale, Bishop of Ossory, iv. 63, 109, 119, 128, 129
+
+  Ball, John, ii. 268, 269, 318, 319, 336
+
+  Balliol, Edward,
+    acknowledged as king of Scots at the English court, ii. 204;
+    seizes the crown, 210;
+    driven out, 211;
+    restored, 212;
+    withdraws to England, 213, 214;
+    resigns, 253
+
+  Balliol, John,
+    claimant of the Scottish crown, ii. 136;
+    king, 138;
+    resists Edward's claim to receive appeals, 140;
+    alliance with France, 160;
+    defies Edward, 161;
+    surrenders, _ib._;
+    released and goes to France, 170
+
+  Balmerino, Arthur Elphinston, sixth Lord, vii. 230
+
+  Bamborough
+    founded by Ida, i. 52;
+    attacked by Penda, 71
+
+  Bancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 341; v. 156, 165
+
+  Bank of England founded, vii. 86;
+    suspends specie payments, viii. 126
+
+  Bankers, foreign, in England, under Edward I., ii. 106, 107;
+    expelled, 189
+
+  Bannockburn, battle of, ii. 192, 193
+
+  Bantry Bay, battle in, vii. 68
+
+  Baptists, rise of the, vi. 28
+
+  Barbour, John, ii. 177
+
+  Barbury Hill, battle of, i. 37
+
+  Bardolf, Thomas, Lord, iii. 18, 19
+
+  Bards, the Welsh, ii. 53, 56; iii. 11
+
+  Barebones, Praise-God, vi. 95
+
+  "Bargemen" of Oxford, i. 308
+
+  Barham Down, muster at, i. 333; ii. 74
+
+  Barillon, French ambassador in England, vi. 298
+
+  Barlow, Bishop of St. David's, iii. 336
+
+  Barnes, Robert, iii. 262
+
+  Barnet, battle of, iii. 142
+
+  _Barnwell, Annals of_, i. 174, 273
+
+  Barons,
+    their struggle with William I., i. 188-190;
+      with William Rufus, 191, 192;
+      with Henry I., 201, 202;
+    misdoings under Stephen, 220, 221;
+    Henry II.'s dealings with, 233;
+    change in their attitude towards crown and people, 325;
+    relations with John, 332, 338, 339, 343;
+      alliance with the Welsh against him, ii. 55;
+    meeting at St. Edmund's, i. 344;
+    at Brackley, 346;
+    rise in arms, _ib._, 347;
+    confer with John at Runnymede, 347;
+    excommunicated by Innocent III., 354;
+    call Lewis of France to their aid, 355;
+    feudal party among, ii. 4, 5;
+    refuse an aid to the Pope, 27;
+    refuse subsidies to Henry III., 34, 35;
+    their plan of reform, 37, 38;
+    league against Henry III., 59, 60;
+    expel the foreigners, 62;
+    their rule, _ib._, 63;
+    divisions among, 64;
+    rise in arms, 67;
+    submit to arbitration, 68;
+    victory at Lewes, 70, 71;
+    position after the war, 114;
+    relations with Edward I., 115-117;
+    decrease in numbers, 146, 147;
+    struggle with Edward I., 164-166;
+    relations with Edward II., 184, 190;
+    under Edward III., relations with the crown, 293;
+      with the Church, 294;
+    their decline, iii. 94-96;
+    effect of the French war on, 103, 104;
+    new race of, under Henry VIII., iv. 13, 41;
+    the northern, plot against Elizabeth, iv. 266, 267;
+      rise, 268;
+      defeated, 269;
+    "greater" and "lesser," ii. 145;
+    of the Exchequer, i. 206;
+    of London, 319
+
+  Barrier, the Dutch, vii. 102, 182
+
+  Barrow, Isaac, vi. 167
+
+  Bartholomew's Day, St.,
+    the English, vi. 209;
+    the French, iv. 299
+
+  Basing House, siege of, vi. 42
+
+  Basle, treaty of, viii. 111
+
+  Bassano, battle of, viii. 123
+
+  Basset, Philip, ii. 66
+
+  Basset, Thomas, i. 345
+
+  Bastille, capture of the, viii. 83
+
+  Bastwick, John, v. 329
+
+  Bates's case, v. 161
+
+  Bath, the thegns of Wessex submit to Swein at, i. 143
+
+  Bath, Henry de, ii. 33
+
+  Battle Abbey, i. 164
+
+  Baugé, battle of, iii. 36
+
+  Bautzen, battle of, viii. 201
+
+  Bavaria, Maximilian, Duke of, v. 177, 219
+
+  Bavaria, Maximilian Emmanuel, Elector of, vii. 101, 102
+
+  Bavaria, Joseph, Electoral Prince of, vii. 92, 94
+
+  Baxter, Richard,
+    his address to Richard Cromwell, vi. 147;
+    his eminence as controversialist and pastor, 210;
+    his account of the expelled clergy, 222;
+    supports a scheme of comprehension, 252;
+    refuses the Indulgence, vii. 22;
+    his _Autobiography_, vi. 157
+
+  Bayeux
+    surrendered to Henry V., iii. 33;
+    northmen of, i. 155, 156
+
+  Baylen, surrender of French troops at, viii. 186
+
+  Bayonne submits to Charles VII., iii. 69
+
+  Beachy Head, battle of, vii. 75
+
+  Beaton, Cardinal, iv. 24, 33, 34
+
+  Beauchamp, Edward Seymour Lord, v. 66, 121
+
+  Beaufort, Edmund, Earl of Dorset, iii. 59;
+    Regent of France, 60.
+    _See_ Somerset
+
+  Beaufort, Henry, Bishop of Winchester,
+    chancellor, iii. 25, 43;
+    struggle with Humphrey of Gloucester, 44;
+    Cardinal and Legate, _ib._;
+    supports Bedford, 55;
+    retires, 59
+
+  Beaufort, John. _See_ Somerset
+
+  Beaufort, Margaret, iii. 165, 166, 172
+
+  Beaujeu, Anne of, iii. 170, 171
+
+  Beaumont, Henry I.'s palace of, at Oxford, i. 284, 307
+
+  Bec, school of, i. 159
+
+  Beckford, Alderman, vii. 256
+
+  Bedford
+    reduced by Eadward the Elder, i. 119;
+    castle of, besieged by Hubert de Burgh, ii. 5
+
+  Bedford, John, Duke of, iii. 38;
+    regent of France, 39;
+    alliance with Burgundy, _ib._;
+    victories in France, _ib._, 40;
+      difficulties, 44, 45;
+    rule in Normandy, 55;
+    death, 56
+
+  Bedford, John Russell, first Earl of, iv. 47.
+    _See_ Russell
+
+  Bedford, Francis Russell, fourth Earl of, v. 358
+
+  Bedford, William Russell, fifth Earl of, vi. 1
+
+  Bedford, John Russell, fourth Duke of, vii. 242, 315, 317; viii. 4, 16
+
+  Bedloe, William, vi. 297
+
+  Beket, Gilbert, i. 225, 303
+
+  Beket, Thomas, i. 225;
+    agent of Archbishop Theobald, 226;
+    chancellor, 232;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 235;
+    rejects Constitutions of Clarendon, 236;
+    at council of Northampton, 237;
+    flight, _ib._;
+    struggle with Henry II., 239;
+    returns to England, 240;
+    murdered, 241;
+    canonized, _ib._;
+    Henry's penance at his shrine, 255;
+    his shrine desecrated, iii. 344
+
+  Belesme, Robert of, i. 201, 202; ii. 47
+
+  Bellahoe, battle of, iii. 329
+
+  Bellasys, John, first Lord, vi. 256, 296; vii. 20
+
+  Bellingham, Sir Edward, iv. 110
+
+  Bellingham, John, viii. 196
+
+  Benedict XII., Pope, ii. 218, 219
+
+  Benedict Biscop, i. 79, 91, 92
+
+  "Benedict of Peterborough," i. 174, 244
+
+  "Benevolences"
+    under Edward IV., iii. 152;
+      declared illegal, 168;
+    levied again, 171, 177;
+    extension under Wolsey, 244, 251;
+    resisted, 251, 252;
+    again demanded, iv. 34;
+    demanded by James I., v. 197, 198, 229;
+    by Charles I., 253
+
+  Bengal, Clive's successes in, vii. 261
+
+  Bennet, Henry, vi. 221.
+    _See_ Arlington
+
+  Bensington, battle of, i. 98
+
+  Bentham, Jeremy, viii. 195
+
+  Beorn, nephew of Earl Godwine, i. 150, 151
+
+  Beornwulf, king of Mercia, i. 102
+
+  _Beowulf, Song of_, i. 24-26
+
+  Bergerac taken by Henry of Derby, ii. 234
+
+  Berkeley Castle, Edward II. murdered in, ii. 200
+
+  Berkley, Sir Robert, v. 331, 351
+
+  Berlin Decree, Napoleon's, viii. 176
+
+  Bernicia
+    conquered by the English, i. 52;
+      by Eadwine, 62;
+    recalls the line of Æthelfrith, 66;
+    struggle against Penda, 71, 72
+
+  Bernicians conquer Deira, i. 52, 53
+
+  Bertha of Paris, wife of Æthelberht of Kent, i. 57
+
+  Berwick
+    stormed by Edward I., ii. 160, 161;
+    Parliament at, 162;
+    captured by Bruce, 194;
+    by Edward III., ii. 211, 212;
+    its peculiar political position, 212;
+    recaptured by the Scots, 259, 263;
+    Pacification at, v. 337
+
+  Berwick, James FitzJames, Duke of, vii. 119, 134
+
+  Beverley, peasant revolt at, ii. 324
+
+  Bible,
+    Wyclif's translation of, ii. 178, 343;
+      Tyndale's, iii. 259-261;
+        its circulation forbidden, 290;
+    Coverdale's, 334, 335;
+    misuse of, 344;
+    its popularity, v. 82;
+    literary influence, 83, 84;
+    social influence, 84, 85;
+    religious influence, 85;
+    the Geneva, iv. 128;
+    forbidden, v. 296
+
+  "Bible-men," iii. 96
+
+  Bidassoa, battle on the, viii. 202
+
+  Bigod, Hugh, first Earl of Norfolk, i. 254
+
+  Bigod, Roger, second Earl of Norfolk, i. 343
+
+  Bigod, Roger, fourth Earl of Norfolk, ii. 45
+
+  Bigod, Roger, fifth Earl of Norfolk, ii. 164-166
+
+  Bigod, Hugh, Justiciar, ii. 60, 64, 66
+
+  Bigorre restored to Edward III., ii. 266
+
+  Billericay, villagers of, resist Richard II., ii. 332
+
+  Bilney, Thomas, iii. 262
+
+  Birinus, St., bishop in Wessex, i. 71
+
+  Birmingham, its rise, vii. 196
+
+  Bishoprics, new, erected under Henry VIII., iv. 13
+
+  Bishops
+    excluded from State offices, ii. 302;
+    denounce Oldcastle and the Lollards, iii. 27;
+    mode of appointment, 307, 308;
+    position under Henry VIII., 308;
+    under Edward VI., _ib._, iv. 60;
+    proposal to exclude them from the House of Lords, v. 354, 355, 371;
+      excluded, 377;
+    restored, vi. 204;
+    position under the Georges, vii. 171, 172;
+    the Seven, 30, 31;
+    in Scotland, their position under Knox, v. 137;
+      abolished, 140;
+      restored, 143, 166, 167
+
+  "Bishops' War," the, v. 341-343
+
+  _Black Book_, the, of 1536, iii. 310
+
+  Black Death, the, ii. 252-254, 266, 288;
+    its social results, 254, 255
+
+  Blackfriars,
+    Council at, ii. 339;
+    trial of Henry VIII.'s divorce at, iii. 276;
+    first public theatre at, v. 22
+
+  Blacklow Hill, Gaveston beheaded on, ii. 190
+
+  Blake, Robert,
+    his defence of Taunton, vi. 78;
+    commands the fleet against Rupert, _ib._;
+    fights with Tromp and Ruyter, 86, 88;
+    bombards Algiers, 116;
+    victory at Santa Cruz, 124;
+    outrage on his corpse, 201
+
+  Blanchard, Alan, iii. 33, 34
+
+  Blanche of Bourbon, wife of Pedro of Castille, ii. 282
+
+  Blanche-Taque, ford of, ii. 236
+
+  Blenheim, battle of, vii. 120-122
+
+  Blois, Charles of, claimant of Britanny, ii. 233, 248
+
+  Blondel, _De Reductione Normanniæ_, ii. 179
+
+  "Bloody Circuit," the, vii. 10, 11
+
+  Bloreheath, battle of, iii. 74
+
+  Blount, Sir Thomas, ii. 200
+
+  Blücher, Marshal, viii. 207, 210
+
+  Boat, an Old English, found in Sleswick, i. 27, 28
+
+  "Boatmen" of London, i. 308
+
+  Bohemia, Protestant rising in, v. 216-219
+
+  Bohun, Henry de, first Earl of Hereford, i. 343
+
+  Bohun, Humfrey de, third Earl of Hereford, ii. 164, 166
+
+  Bohun, Henry de, ii. 192
+
+  Boleyn, Anne, iii. 267, 270, 273, 288;
+    marries Henry VIII., 303;
+    crowned, _ib._;
+    beheaded, 323
+
+  Boleyn, George, iii. 267
+
+  Boleyn, Sir Thomas, iii. 267, 268.
+    _See_ Wiltshire
+
+  Bolinbroke, Roger, iii. 58
+
+  Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, Viscount (_see_ St. John), vii. 140;
+    his scheme of a treaty of commerce, 142;
+    rivalry with Harley, 143;
+    his Schism Bill, _ib._;
+    appoints Jacobites to office, 145;
+    flies to the Pretender, 168;
+      becomes his Secretary of State, 183;
+    returns to England, 204;
+    withdraws again, _ib._
+
+  Bologna, University of, i. 282
+
+  Bombay ceded to England, vi. 192; vii. 232
+
+  Boniface, St., letters of, i. 4
+
+  Boniface VIII., Pope, ii. 163, 170, 217, 224
+
+  Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 32, 72
+
+  Bonner, Bishop of London, iv. 74, 89, 95, 97;
+    sets up Bibles in St. Paul's, v. 82
+
+  Bordeaux,
+    Parliament of Gascony at, ii. 285;
+    Richard II. born at, 306;
+    surrenders to Charles VII., iii. 68, 71
+
+  Born, Bertrand de, i. 263
+
+  Borodino, battle of, viii. 200
+
+  Boroughbridge, battle of, ii. 195
+
+  Boroughs,
+    their developement after Norman Conquest, i. 177;
+    "farm" of, ii. 152;
+    representation in Parliament, 73, 121, 152-154;
+    reluctance to attend, 155;
+    restriction of franchise in, iii. 99-101;
+    new, created under the Tudors, iv. 234, 235;
+    change in character of their representatives, 234, 235;
+    qualification of members for, 235;
+    the Five, i. 117, 120.
+    _See_ Towns
+
+  Borough-moot, the, i. 296
+
+  Boscawen, Admiral, vii. 266
+
+  Boston, outrage of barons on merchants at, ii. 116
+
+  Boston (Massachusetts),
+    its foundation, v. 310, 311;
+    occupied by British troops, viii. 14;
+    tea-riots at, 17, 18;
+    siege of, 22, 23
+
+  Bosworth Field, battle of, iii. 172
+
+  Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl of, iv. 226, 229;
+    plots against Darnley, 242, 243;
+    contrives his death, 244;
+    charged with murder, _ib._;
+    marries Mary, 245;
+    flies, 246
+
+  Boulogne
+    captured by Henry VIII., iv. 30;
+    restored to France, 33, 57;
+    Napoleon's camp at, viii. 170, 171
+
+  Bourbon, Cardinal of, iv. 348, 369, 372
+
+  Bourbon, Charles, Duke of, iii. 246, 247, 269
+
+  Bouvines,
+    battle of, i. 342;
+    besieged by Flemings, ii. 234
+
+  Bow, the English, ii. 241, 242
+
+  Boxley, miraculous rood at, iii. 343
+
+  Boyle, Robert, vi. 166
+
+  Boyne, battle of the, vii. 71
+
+  "Boys," the, vii. 204, 226, 249
+
+  Brabant, John III., Duke of, ii. 227, 244
+
+  Brabant, John IV., Duke of, iii. 42, 43, 45
+
+  Brackley, barons meet at, i. 346
+
+  Braddock, General, vii. 245
+
+  Bradford on Avon, battle of, i. 87
+
+  Bradford, John, iv. 132
+
+  Bradshaw, John, vi. 66, 91, 101;
+    outrage on his corpse, 201
+
+  Bradwardine, Thomas, ii. 276
+
+  Bramber, Sir Nicholas, ii. 353
+
+  Bramham Moor, battle of, iii. 19
+
+  Brandywine, battle of, viii. 25
+
+  Braose, William de, i. 332
+
+  Breauté, Faukes de, ii. 4, 5
+
+  Brecknock
+    stormed by Æthelflæd, i. 118;
+    Mortimer routed at, ii. 88
+
+  Breda,
+    Declaration of, vi. 152;
+    Treaty of, 241, 243, 247
+
+  Breitenfeld, battle of, v. 275
+
+  Bremen, quarrel about, vii. 188, 189
+
+  Brentford captured by Prince Rupert, vi. 3
+
+  Breslau, treaty of, vii. 223
+
+  Brest
+    held by England, ii. 316;
+    restored to Britanny, 368
+
+  Brétigny, peace of, ii. 266
+
+  Brewer or Briwere, William, i. 345; ii. 6
+
+  Brézé, Pierre de, iii. 121
+
+  Bribery, parliamentary, its beginnings, vi. 285, 300
+
+  Brice's day, St., massacre of, i. 141
+
+  Bridgeman, Sir Orlando, vi. 184
+
+  Bridgewater, John Egerton, first Earl of, v. 305
+
+  Bridgewater, Francis Egerton, third Duke of, viii. 55
+
+  Brigham, treaty of, ii. 135
+
+  Brihtnoth, ealdorman of East-Anglia, i. 139
+
+  Brindley, James, viii. 55, 56
+
+  Bristol,
+    its slave-trade, i. 250;
+    surrender to Henry of Lancaster, iii. 18;
+    Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96;
+    trade with Ireland, 282;
+    surrender to Rupert, vi. 12;
+    to the Parliament, 41;
+    prosperity under Walpole, vii. 196
+
+  Bristol, George Digby, second Earl of, vi. 221
+
+  Britain,
+    its condition under the Romans, i. 29, 30;
+    legions withdrawn from, 31;
+    attacked by Picts, Scots and Saxons, _ib._;
+    becomes England, 39, 138;
+    English conquest of, its peculiar character, 39-44;
+    authorities for, 3
+
+  Britain, Great, United Kingdom of, vii. 128
+
+  Britanny
+    submits to William the Conqueror, i. 158;
+    war of succession in, ii. 233, 248;
+    coast harried by an English fleet, iii. 16;
+    relations with France and England, 166, 171, 179, 180
+
+  Britanny, Anne of, iii. 179, 180
+
+  Britanny, John, Duke of, ii. 315
+
+  Britons
+    defeated by Jutes in Kent, i. 33;
+    their stubborn resistance, 40-42;
+    alliance with Penda, 66;
+    of Cumbria, defeated by Æthelfrith, 60, 61;
+      by Ecgfrith, 87;
+    of Strathclyde, their struggle with Æthelfrith, 60;
+    submit to Eadward the Elder, 119
+
+  Broc, Ranulf de, i. 241
+
+  Broglie, General, vii. 264
+
+  Brooke, Robert Greville, second Lord, v. 320, 354; vi. 7
+
+  Brooklyn, battle of, viii. 24
+
+  Brothers of the Pen, iii. 154
+
+  Brown, Robert, v. 117
+
+  Brown, William, martyr under Mary, iv. 95
+
+  Browne, Archbishop of Dublin, iii. 341, 342; iv. 62, 63
+
+  Browne, William, his _Pastorals_, v. 304
+
+  Brownists, v. 117, 308
+
+  Bruce, David, ii. 206;
+    king of Scotland, 210;
+    driven out, 211, 212;
+    goes to France, 213;
+    returns, 214, 229;
+    prisoner, 243;
+    released, 263;
+    dies, 286
+
+  Bruce, Edward, ii. 376
+
+  Bruce, Robert, claimant of Scotland, ii. 136
+
+  Bruce, Robert (Earl of Carrick), ii. 161, 170
+
+  Bruce, Robert, grandson of the claimant, ii. 172;
+    kills Comyn of Badenoch, 173;
+    crowned, _ib._;
+    put to flight, 174;
+    character and adventures, 183, 184;
+    his successes, 191-194;
+    disabled by leprosy, 204;
+    acknowledged as king by England, 206;
+    dies, 210
+
+  Bruges,
+    negotiations at, ii. 303;
+    gild of St. John at, iii. 154;
+    Caxton at, 155
+
+  Brunanburh, battle of, i. 120
+
+  Brune, General, viii. 140
+
+  Brunswick, Charles William, Duke of, viii. 101
+
+  Brunswick, Ferdinand, Prince of, vii. 263, 264, 302
+
+  _Brut, Chronicle of the_, Caxton's edition of, iii. 157
+
+  _Brut y Tywysogion_, i. 7
+
+  Brynglas, battle of, iii. 11, 13
+
+  Buchan, Isabel, Countess of, ii. 173
+
+  Buchan, constable of, iii. 39
+
+  Buchanan, George, v. 124
+
+  Buckingham, Henry Stafford, Duke of, iii. 163, 164, 166-168
+
+  Buckingham, Edward Stafford, Duke of, iii. 242
+
+  Buckingham, George Villiers, first Duke of (_see_ Villiers), v. 208;
+    relations with Bacon, 222, 225;
+    goes with Charles to Madrid, 232;
+      returns, 233;
+    his mastery over James, 235;
+    policy, 236-238;
+    relations with Charles I., 244;
+    failure of his plans, 247;
+    impeached, 250;
+    urges the forced loan, 255;
+    expedition to La Rochelle, 259;
+    slain, 265
+
+  Buckingham, George Villiers, second Duke of, vi. 163, 165;
+    in Cabal ministry, 245, 253;
+    negotiations with Lewis, 258;
+    dismissed, 281;
+    committed to the Tower, 288
+
+  Bulmer, Lady, iii. 325
+
+  Bungay, Friar, iii. 97
+
+  Bunker's Hill, battle of, viii. 22
+
+  Bunyan, John, v. 103, 104; vi. 262-265;
+    his _Pilgrim's Progress_, 265-267;
+    refuses the Indulgence, vii. 22
+
+  Buonaparte, Jerome, viii. 185
+
+  Buonaparte, Joseph, viii. 185, 186, 200
+
+  Buonaparte, Louis, viii. 185
+
+  Buonaparte, Napoleon, viii. 109, 113;
+    campaign in Italy, 122, 123, 125;
+    marches on Vienna, 125;
+    designs on India, 131;
+    conquers Malta and Egypt, 132;
+    campaign in Syria, 141;
+    victory at Aboukir, _ib._;
+    First Consul, 142;
+    victory at Marengo, _ib._;
+    his policy and aims, 146, 147, 158, 168-170.
+    _See_ Napoleon
+
+  Burdett, Sir Francis, viii. 195
+
+  Burford, battle of, i. 96
+
+  Burgh, Hubert de, ii. 2-5, 29, 30
+
+  Burgh-upon-Sands, Edward I. dies at, ii. 174
+
+  "Burghers," i. 315
+
+  Burgos, siege of, viii. 200
+
+  Burgoyne, General, viii. 25, 26
+
+  Burgundy, Philip I., Duke of, ii. 265
+
+  Burgundy, Philip II., Duke of, ii. 286; iii. 5, 6, 12, 14
+
+  Burgundy, Philip III., Duke of,
+    alliance with Henry V., iii. 35;
+    relations with Brabant, 42, 43, 45;
+    withdraws his troops from siege of Orleans, 46;
+    sells Jeanne d'Arc to the English, 53;
+    joins Charles VII., 56, 122;
+    cedes Picardy to Lewis XI., 122;
+    mediates between Lewis and Edward, _ib._;
+    dies, 130
+
+  Burgundy, John, Duke of, iii. 16, 17;
+    relations with England and France, 23, 24, 32;
+    assassinated, 35
+
+  Burgundy, Charles the Bold, Duke of. _See_ Charles
+
+  Burgundy, Mary of, iii. 146, 147, 150, 151, 170
+
+  "Burh," the old English, i. 294
+
+  Burke, Edmund, vii. 332-337;
+    supports the Declaratory Act, 338;
+    attacks the Chatham ministry, 341;
+    his scheme for reform of the constituencies, viii. 10;
+    his proposals for conciliating America rejected, 20;
+    his bill of Economical Reform, 64, 76;
+    refuses office under Shelburne, 65;
+    attitude towards the French Revolution, 87, 89;
+    share in the impeachment of Hastings, 90;
+    _Reflections_, _ib._;
+    quarrel with Fox, 92, 93;
+    _Appeal from the new to the old Whigs_, 93;
+    supports the government against France, 104;
+    _Letters on a Regicide Peace_, 116;
+    death, 126
+
+  Burleigh, William Cecil, Lord (_see_ Cecil), iv. 352;
+    protests against expulsion of Puritan clergy, 342;
+    his tract on _The Execution of Justice_, 5;
+    his ill-will to Spenser, v. 12;
+    death, 63
+
+  Burley, Sir Simon, ii. 353
+
+  Burnet, Gilbert, vi. 169;
+    bishop of Salisbury, vii. 65;
+    his _History of his own Time_, vi. 157
+
+  Burns, Robert, viii. 46
+
+  _Burton, Annals of_, i. 273
+
+  Burton, John, v. 329
+
+  Burton, Thomas, his _Diary_, v. 37
+
+  Busaco, battle of, viii. 190
+
+  Bute, John Stuart, third Earl of, vii. 302, 303;
+    Prime Minister, 306;
+    policy towards America, 310, 311;
+    fall, 314
+
+  Butler, Joseph, vi. 169
+
+  Butler, Samuel, vi. 162
+
+  Butler, the king's, origin of his office, i. 132
+
+  Buttington, battle of, i. 117
+
+  Byng, Admiral, vii. 248
+
+  Byron, Commodore, vii. 277
+
+
+  "Cabal," the, vi. 246, 303
+
+  Cabinet, the, its origin, vi. 303
+
+  Cabot, Sebastian, iii. 189; iv. 283, 330
+
+  Cade, John, iii. 64-67
+
+  Cadiz,
+    Drake's expedition to, iv. 355;
+    English descents on, v. 60, 247;
+    blockaded by an English fleet, vii. 223
+
+  Cadwallon, king of the Britons, i. 66, 67
+
+  Cædmon, i. 77, 78
+
+  Caen
+    sacked by Edward III., ii. 235;
+    stormed by Henry V., iii. 33;
+    university at, 55
+
+  Caermarthen besieged by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 14
+
+  Caernarvon, castle built at, ii. 121
+
+  Cahors, bankers of, ii. 107, 130
+
+  Calabria, John, Duke of, iii. 126
+
+  Calais
+    besieged by Edward III., ii. 243;
+      surrenders, 244;
+    the six burgesses, 245-247;
+    ceded to Edward, 266;
+    threatened by the French, iii. 69, 70;
+    Warwick repulsed from, 135;
+    won by Guise, iv. 108;
+    restored to France, 158
+
+  Calamy, Edmund, v. 354; vi. 157
+
+  Calcutta,
+    its origin, vii. 232;
+    the Black Hole of, 261
+
+  Calvin, John, iv. 119, 123, 126
+
+  Calvinism,
+    system of, iv. 123-126;
+    its political tendency, 171;
+    in Scotland, accepted by Parliament, 187;
+    its establishment sanctioned by Mary Stuart, 245;
+    its growth in England, v. 86-89.
+    _See_ Presbyterianism
+
+  Calvinists,
+    German, their position after Peace of Passau, v. 176, 177;
+    Scotch, suppress Catholicism by force, iv. 218
+
+  Cambray
+    occupied by Philip VI. of France, ii. 219;
+    besieged by Edward III., 220, 228;
+    negotiations at, iv. 145;
+    League of, iii. 206;
+    treaty of, 234
+
+  Cambridge, University of,
+    its charters burnt by townsfolk, ii. 324;
+    the New Learning at, iii. 201;
+    Erasmus at, _ib._, 212, 213;
+    resistance to benevolences at, 251;
+    Lutherans at, 262;
+    forced to approve Henry VIII.'s divorce, 292;
+    foreign Protestants at, iv. 51;
+    James II.'s dealings with, vii. 24
+
+  Cambridge, Edmund, first Earl of, ii. 287.
+    _See_ York
+
+  Cambridge, Richard, second Earl of, iii. 30, 56, 57
+
+  Cambridge, Richard, third Earl of. _See_ York
+
+  Camden, Charles Pratt, first Lord, vii. 340; viii. 15
+
+  Camden, John Jeffreys Pratt, second Earl, viii. 120.
+
+  Camden, William, v. 4;
+    his _Life of Elizabeth_, iv. 3.
+
+  Campeggio, Cardinal, iii. 272, 274, 277
+
+  Camperdown, battle of, viii. 127
+
+  Campian, Edmund, iv. 318, 320
+
+  Campo Formio, treaty of, viii. 125
+
+  Camulodunum (Colchester) reduced by East Saxons, i. 35
+
+  Canada,
+    French settlement in, vii. 242;
+    Montcalm in, 244;
+    conquered by the English, 269;
+    ceded to England, 307;
+    attacked by America, viii. 23, 203, 204;
+    self-government granted to, 92
+
+  Canals, introduction of, viii. 55, 56
+
+  Canning, George, viii. 71;
+    Foreign Secretary, 180;
+    his dealings with Denmark, _ib._;
+    Orders in Council, 181;
+    supports rising in Spain, 186, 187;
+    quarrel with Castlereagh, 188, 189;
+    resigns, 189;
+    presses for Catholic emancipation, 195
+
+  Canons
+    of 1604, v. 156;
+    Scotch, of 1636, 327
+
+  Canterbury, i. 57;
+    archbishopric founded at, 59;
+    becomes ecclesiastical centre of England, 83;
+    sacked by northmen, 142;
+    Theodore's school at, 92;
+    historians of, 243;
+    gild of Thanes at, 299;
+    Walloon refugees at, iv. 51;
+    Protestant martyrs in, 96;
+    Church of Huguenots at, 306
+
+  Cape of Good Hope ceded to England, viii. 112
+
+  Capel, Arthur, first Lord, vi. 72
+
+  Capel, Sir Henry, vi. 301
+
+  Capuchins, Order of, founded, iv. 101
+
+  Caradoc of Lancarvan, i. 7
+
+  Caraffa, Cardinal, iv. 31, 100, 101.
+    _See_ Paul IV.
+
+  Carcassonne sacked by the Black Prince, ii. 260
+
+  Cardigan,
+    Norman conquest of, ii. 48;
+    royal garrisons driven from, 55
+
+  Carew, Sir Peter, iv. 82
+
+  Carham, battle at, i. 146
+
+  Carisbrook Castle, Charles I. prisoner at, vi. 59
+
+  Carlisle
+    becomes English, i. 87;
+    granted to see of Lindisfarne, 88;
+    ceded to David of Scotland, 217;
+    invested by the Scots, ii. 160;
+    Mary Stuart at, iv. 261
+
+  Carlisle, Merks, deposed Bishop of, iii. 8
+
+  Carlisle, Charles Howard, first Earl of, vi. 280
+
+  Carlos, Don, son of Philip II. of Spain, iv. 213, 221
+
+  Carlowitz, treaty of, vii. 97
+
+  Carnot, Lazare, viii. 122
+
+  Carolina, Colony of, vi. 259; vii. 236
+
+  Caroline of Anspach, wife of George II., vii. 200, 203
+
+  Carpenter, General, vii. 183
+
+  Carr, Robert. _See_ Rochester, Somerset
+
+  Carteret, John, second Lord, vii. 222, 223.
+    _See_ Granville
+
+  Carthagena, Vernon's defeat at, vii. 221
+
+  Cartwright, Thomas, iv. 294-296, 342; v. 58, 117
+
+  Carucage, i. 350
+
+  Casale seized by Lewis XIV., vi. 335
+
+  Cashel, synod at, i. 253
+
+  Cassel, battles of, ii. 216; vi. 289
+
+  Cassano, battle of, viii. 139
+
+  Castille, Constance of, second wife of John of Gaunt, ii. 287, 302
+
+  Castillon, Talbot defeated at, iii. 71
+
+  Castlebar, battle of, viii. 130
+
+  Castlemaine, Barbara Palmer, Countess of, vi. 221, 272; vii. 108.
+    _See_ Cleveland.
+
+  Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount,
+    arranges the union with Ireland, viii. 153;
+    quarrel with Canning, 188, 189;
+    Foreign Secretary, 197
+
+  Cateau-Cambrésis, treaty of, iv. 155, 158, 159, 171
+
+  Catesby, Robert, v. 157, 158.
+
+  Catharine of Aragon
+    marries Arthur Tudor, iii. 186, 187;
+    betrothed to Henry, 187, 188;
+    marries him, 207;
+    opposes the divorce, 269, 270, 276;
+    banished from the palace, 298;
+    her marriage annulled by Convocation, 303;
+    confirmed by Pope and Cardinals, 304
+
+  Catharine of Braganza, wife of Charles II., vi. 192
+
+  Catharine of France, wife of Henry V., iii. 24, 35, 165
+
+  Catharine of Medicis,
+    queen-regent of France, iv. 188;
+    her policy towards the Huguenots, 206-208;
+    treaty with them, 216, 217;
+    with England, 219;
+    meeting with Alva, 225;
+    negotiates with Elizabeth, 297;
+    unites with the Guises against the Huguenots, 299;
+    resumes her policy of toleration, 301
+
+  Catharine II., Empress of Russia viii. 84, 85, 95
+
+  Catholics, English,
+    their position under Elizabeth, iv. 149, 195, 196;
+    forbidden to join in Common Prayer, 214;
+    fined for recusancy, _ib._;
+    attitude towards Mary Stuart, 220;
+    their scheme for the succession, _ib._, 221;
+    plot against Elizabeth, 266, 267;
+      rise, 268;
+      defeated, 269;
+    attitude towards the Bull of Deposition, 270;
+    persecution of, 308, 309, 319-322;
+    new plots, 350;
+    Philip's and Allen's hopes of, 354;
+    their loyalty, 358, 359;
+    materials for their history, 5;
+    James I. gives them relief, v. 150;
+      begins to persecute them, 156, 157;
+    their plots, 157-159;
+    position under Charles II., vi. 185, 186, 220, 291, 293;
+    excluded from Parliament, 297;
+    admitted to office, etc., by James II., vii. 14, 15;
+    included in his Declaration of Indulgence, 22;
+    position under Walpole, 198;
+    projects for their emancipation, viii. 179, 195, 196;
+    Confederate, v. 366; vi. 15, 16;
+    Irish, Charles I.'s and Wentworth's dealings with, v. 364;
+    their condition in eighteenth century, viii. 33, 34, 117;
+    plans for their emancipation, 119, 120, 152-155
+
+  Catinat, Marshal, vii. 75
+
+  Cavaliers, v. 372
+
+  Cavendish, William, Lord,
+    head of the Country party, vi. 272;
+    takes office, 300;
+    opposes the Exclusion Bill, 308;
+    resigns, 315.
+    _See_ Devonshire.
+
+  Cavendish's _Life of Wolsey_, iii. 83
+
+  Caxton, William, iii. 155-162
+
+  Ceadda or Chad, St., i. 73
+
+  Ceawlin, king of Wessex, i. 56
+
+  Cecil, Richard, viii. 47
+
+  Cecil, Robert,
+    his rivalry with Essex, v. 63;
+    treasurer, 172, 173;
+    proposes the "great contract," 179;
+    arranges the marriage of Princess Elizabeth, 210;
+    dies, 185, 211
+
+  Cecil, William, iv. 139-141;
+    his political standpoint, 141-143, 150;
+    advises Elizabeth to announce her accession to the Pope, 155;
+    his share in her Scottish policy, 173, 176, 259;
+    policy in Ireland, 240;
+    demands a Protestant alliance and the surrender of Mary, 263;
+    dealings with Norfolk, 266, 274.
+    _See_ Burleigh
+
+  Cedd, brother of Ceadda, i. 74
+
+  Centwine, king of Wessex, i. 89
+
+  Cenwealh, king of Wessex, i. 87
+
+  Cenwulf, king of Mercia, i. 98, 101
+
+  Ceolfrid, founder of Jarrow, i. 91
+
+  Ceolred, king of Mercia, i. 90
+
+  Ceolwulf, king of Northumbria, i. 91
+
+  Ceorl, the English, i. 11
+
+  Cerdic, king of the West Saxons, i. 34, 49
+
+  Ceylon acquired by England, viii. 112
+
+  Chad, St. _See_ Ceadda
+
+  Chalgrove Field, fight at, vi. 10
+
+  Châlus, Richard I. slain at, i. 267
+
+  Champeaux, William of, i. 285
+
+  Chancellor, Richard, iv. 282
+
+  Chancellor, the, i. 206;
+    his equitable jurisdiction, 256; ii. 112, 113;
+    right of appointing, claimed for Great Council, ii. 38;
+    made responsible to Permanent Council, 61;
+    his woolsack, 226;
+    of an university, i. 291, 292
+
+  Chancery, Court of, ii. 113
+
+  Chandos, Sir John, ii. 249
+
+  Chapel, the Royal, clerks of, i. 206
+
+  Chapman, George, v. 3, 42
+
+  Charford, battle of, i. 34
+
+  Charles (I.), son of James I.,
+    schemes for his marriage, v. 211-214, 227, 230;
+    goes to Madrid, 231, 232;
+    returns, 233;
+    his character, 234;
+    marriage, 238, 241;
+    king, 242;
+    his policy, 243-245;
+    quarrel with Parliament of 1625, 246, 247;
+    with Parliament of 1626, 249, 250, 253;
+    demands a benevolence, 253;
+    levies a forced loan, 254;
+    dismisses Crewe, _ib._;
+    relations with France, 256-258;
+    with the Parliament of 1628, 260-263;
+    defends Buckingham, 264;
+    rejects the Avowal, 269;
+    dissolves Parliament again, 270, 272;
+    his plans of personal government, 273;
+    peace policy, 274, 275;
+    relations with Gustavus Adolphus, 275, 276;
+    financial measures, 276-280;
+    grants a charter to Massachusetts, 311;
+    position in 1635, 315, 316;
+    consults the judges about ship-money, 323;
+    dealings with Scotland, 325-328, 330-334;
+    gathers an army, 337;
+    pacification with the Scots, _ib._;
+    summons Wentworth home, 338;
+    relations with Richelieu, _ib._, 339;
+    negotiates with the Scots, 342;
+    summons Parliament again, 343;
+    relations with Montrose, 359;
+    assents to Strafford's attainder, 361;
+    to perpetuation of the Parliament, 362;
+    goes to Scotland, 363;
+    his promises to the Irish, 364;
+    returns to London, 367;
+    attempt to seize the five members, 373-375;
+    withdraws from London, 376;
+    levies forces by commissions of array, 377;
+    shut out from Hull, 378;
+    goes to York, _ib._;
+    raises his standard at Nottingham, vi. 2;
+    goes to Shrewsbury, _ib._;
+    defeated at Edgehill, 3;
+    goes to Oxford, _ib._;
+    besieges Gloucester, 13;
+    negotiations in Ireland, 15, 16;
+    successes in 1644, 22;
+    marches on London, 23;
+    defeated at Newbury, 24;
+    returns to Oxford, _ib._;
+    negotiates with the Parliament, 38;
+    storms Leicester and relieves Chester, _ib._;
+    routed at Naseby, 40, 41;
+    treaty with the Irish, 42;
+    goes to the Scotch camp, 46;
+    refuses the Parliament's terms, 48;
+      given up to it by the Scots, 49;
+    seized by the army, 53;
+    negotiates with the army, 55-57;
+    escapes, 58;
+    recaptured, 59;
+    negotiates with parliament and the Scots, _ib._, 63;
+    again seized by the army, 65;
+    trial, 67;
+    death, 68;
+    authorities for his reign, v. 72
+
+  Charles II.
+    recognized by Holland as king of England, vi. 70;
+    proclaimed in Scotland, 71;
+    invited to Ireland, _ib._;
+    his experiences in Scotland, 82;
+    crowned at Scone, _ib._;
+    invades England, 83;
+    defeated at Worcester, 84;
+    flies to France, _ib._;
+    issues a declaration from Breda, 152;
+    returns to England, _ib._;
+    his scientific tastes, 165;
+    character, 173-177;
+    policy, 177-180;
+    forms an army, 182, 183;
+    his position in England, 184;
+    ecclesiastical aims, 185, 186;
+    foreign relations, 187, 192;
+    marriage, 192;
+    first ministry, 193;
+    dealings with the regicides, 195;
+    relations with Clarendon, 213-215, 221;
+    issues a Declaration of Indulgence, 219;
+    policy in Holland, 228, 229;
+    refuses to dissolve Parliament, 241, 254;
+    banishes Clarendon, 243;
+    his new ministry, 245;
+    attitude towards toleration, 252, 259;
+    project for establishing Catholicism, 256;
+    treaties with Lewis, 257, 258;
+    issues second Declaration of Indulgence, 262;
+      withdraws it, 273;
+    relations with Shaftesbury, 275;
+    makes peace with the Dutch, 281;
+    makes another treaty with Lewis, 287;
+    negotiations with Lewis, 291;
+    position after peace of Nimeguen, _ib._, 293;
+    attitude during the Popish plot. 297;
+    plan for the succession of James, 307;
+    struggle with Shaftesbury, 311-313, 321;
+    recalls James, 315;
+    resists the Exclusion, 321;
+    dissolves the Parliament, 322;
+    turns again to France, _ib._, 323;
+    action in 1681, 323, 324;
+    persecutes Nonconformists, recalls James, and arrests Monmouth, 335;
+    his triumph, vii. 1;
+    policy in his last years, 2;
+    dealings with the towns, 3;
+    increases his Guards, 4;
+    sickness, _ib._;
+    death, 5;
+    authorities for his reign, vi. 157, 158
+
+  Charles IV., emperor, ii. 236, 348
+
+  Charles (V.), son of Philip of Austria, iii. 208;
+    relations with England and France, 232, 233;
+    king of Spain, 234;
+    treaties with Francis I., _ib._;
+    emperor, 240;
+    visits England, 241;
+    betrothed to Mary, 242;
+    war with Francis, _ib._;
+    league with Henry VIII. and the Pope, 243;
+    successes in Italy, 244, 248, 250;
+    treachery to Henry and Wolsey, 248, 249;
+    new alliance with Henry, 250;
+    expels Luther, 254;
+    marriage, 266;
+    relations with Lutherans, 275;
+    proposes alliance with France against Henry, 336;
+    his religious policy, iv. 18, 19;
+    proposes a general council, 20;
+    defeated in Hungary and Algiers, 24;
+    attacked by Francis, _ib._;
+    alliance with Henry, 27;
+    failure of his plans of reunion, 30-32;
+    treaty with France, 32;
+    attacks the League of Schmalkald, 36;
+    victory at Muhlberg, 50;
+    policy towards Protestants, 51;
+      persecutes them, 58;
+    ruin of his plans, 65;
+    treaty with Lutherans, _ib._;
+    relations with Mary Tudor, 79, 80;
+    abdicates, 98
+
+  Charles III., king of Spain, vii. 126, 131;
+    emperor (Charles VI.) 142, 199, 200, 220
+
+  Charles VII., emperor, vii. 223, 225
+
+  Charles IV., king of France, ii. 197, 198, 208
+
+  Charles (V.) of France, duke of Normandy, ii. 264, 265;
+    king, 281, 282, 285, 288
+
+  Charles VI., king of France, iii. 5, 26, 35, 39
+
+  Charles (VII.), Dauphin, iii. 26, 39, 46, 48;
+    crowned, 52;
+    received in Paris, 56;
+    Le Mans surrendered to, 62;
+    regains Normandy, _ib._;
+    conquers Guienne, 68, 69
+
+  Charles VIII., king of France, iii. 170;
+    annexes Britanny, 179, 180;
+    treaty with Henry VIII., 180;
+    invades Italy, 186, 206
+
+  Charles IX., king of France, iv. 188, 298, 299, 301
+
+  Charles the Bad, king of Navarre, ii. 258, 259
+
+  Charles II., king of Spain, vii. 90, 98
+
+  Charles IV., king of Spain, viii. 185
+
+  Charles XII., king of Sweden, vii. 183, 188, 189
+
+  Charles the Bald, king of the West Franks, i. 209.
+
+  Charles the Simple, king of the West Franks, i. 155
+
+  Charles of Blois. _See_ Blois
+
+  Charles the Bold, Count of Charolais, iii. 122, 125, 127, 128;
+    duke of Burgundy, 130;
+    league with Edward, _ib._;
+    marries Margaret of York, 131;
+    negotiates with the Lancastrians, 140;
+    helps Edward, 141;
+    attacks Lewis again, 145;
+    his German possessions, 146;
+    alliance with the emperor, _ib._, 147;
+    with England, 148;
+    besieges Neuss, _ib._, 149;
+    slain, 150
+
+  Charlestown, capture of, viii. 32
+
+  Charmouth, battle of, i. 103
+
+  Charter of Henry I., i. 198, 340, 341;
+    of Stephen, 216;
+    the Great, 348-352;
+    provisions for its execution, 353;
+    annulled by the Pope, 354;
+    reissued under Henry III., ii. 1, 3;
+    Langton's care for, 6;
+    confirmed by Henry, _ib._, 34;
+    Archbishop Peckham's appeal to, 118;
+    confirmed by Edward I., 165, 166, 170;
+    of the Forest, 165, 166, 170
+
+  Charter-house, the, in London, ii. 253;
+    its martyrs, iii. 320; v. 77
+
+  Château-Gaillard, i. 265, 266
+
+  Châtillon, Coligni, Cardinal of, iv. 207
+
+  Chatham, William Pitt, first earl of (_see_ Pitt), vii. 340, 341;
+    withdraws from public life, viii. 3;
+      from the ministry, 6;
+    proposes reform of the House of Commons, 9;
+    strives to avert war with America, 20, 26;
+    recalled to office, 29;
+    death, 30
+
+  Chaucer, Geoffrey,
+    his early life, ii. 358, 359;
+    early poems, 359-361;
+    offices, person, temper, 362, 363;
+    home at Westminster, 366;
+    _Canterbury Tales_, 361, 363-366;
+      Caxton's edition of, iii. 157
+
+  Chauntries, suppression of, iv. 34, 54
+
+  Cheke, Sir John, iv. 134
+
+  Cherbourg,
+    Henry of Lancaster at, ii. 259, 260;
+    held by England, 316;
+    surrendered to Navarre, 368;
+    to Charles VII., iii. 62
+
+  Cheshire, royalist rising in, vi. 150
+
+  Chester,
+    march of the West Saxons on, i. 38, 56;
+    conquered by Æthelfrith, 60, 61;
+    by William, 169;
+    raid of Llewelyn ap Gruffydd on, ii. 85;
+    blockade of, vi. 38
+
+  Chester, Ranulf, earl of, i. 345, 347; ii. 5
+
+  Chesterfield, defeat of the Disinherited at, ii. 87
+
+  Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of, vii. 170, 203,
+      226, 249
+
+  "Chevy Chase," iii. 182
+
+  Chichester, Stephen Berksted, Bishop of, ii. 71
+
+  Chichester, Adam Moleyns, Bishop of, murdered, iii. 63
+
+  Chichester, Sir Arthur, v. 287, 288
+
+  Child, Sir Josiah, vi. 169
+
+  Chili conquered by Spain, iv. 329
+
+  Chillingworth, William, vi. 134-137
+
+  Chinon,
+    Henry II. dies at, i. 258;
+    Charles VII. and Jeanne d'Arc at, iii. 48
+
+  Chippenham, northmen at, i. 106
+
+  Chippewa, battle of, viii. 204
+
+  Chivalry, influence of, ii. 94
+
+  Chotusitz, battle of, vii. 223
+
+  "Christian Brethren," iii. 262
+
+  Christianity
+    brought to England, i. 57;
+    progress in Kent, Essex, and East Anglia, 59;
+    reaction against, 65;
+    its struggle with heathenism, _ib._, 66, 70-73
+
+  Christina, sister of Eadgar the Ætheling, i. 199
+
+  _Chronica Angliæ_, ii. 177
+
+  _Chronicle, the English_, i. 3-6, 115, 173, 203, 221, 278
+
+  _Chronicle of Queen Jane_, iv. 3
+
+  _Chronicon Scotorum_, i. 8
+
+  Church, English,
+    its foundation, i. 57-59;
+    organized by Theodore, 81-84;
+    its parish system, 84;
+    share in resistance to the Danes, 145;
+    William the Conqueror's dealings with, 187, 188;
+    the Red King's, 193;
+    decline of its political influence, 222;
+    revival during the anarchy, 224;
+    Henry II.'s dealings with, 235-237, 253;
+    relation of universities to, 292;
+    condition in early thirteenth century, ii. 7, 8;
+    its political teaching, 23;
+    beginnings of resistance to the Papacy, 27;
+    Edward I.'s policy towards, 118, 119;
+    papal demands on its revenues, etc., 222, 223;
+    under Edward III., relations with the Papacy, 273-275;
+    its wealth, 294;
+    despoiled by Pope and King, 296;
+    threatened in Parliament, 301;
+    proposals to confiscate its property, iii. 15, 21;
+    condition during Wars of the Roses, 96, 97;
+    reform of, demanded by Parliament, 290;
+    Henry VIII.'s dealings with, 296, 297, 301, 302;
+    Thomas Cromwell's dealings with, 295, 310-312;
+    spoliation of, under Henry VIII., iv. 13;
+    condition at Cromwell's fall, 14, 15;
+    spoliation under Edward VI., 66;
+    demands for restoration of its property, 102, 103;
+    Hooker's influence on, v. 113;
+    Puritan demands for its reform, 118;
+    the Long Parliament's dealings with, 352-355;
+    Oliver Cromwell's dealings with, vi. 111;
+    settlement after the Restoration, 199, 208-210;
+    James II.'s dealings with, vii. 18, 19, 24;
+    effects of the Revolution on, 63-66;
+    condition under the Georges, 169-172;
+    revival in, 205-211; viii. 46;
+    Irish, its missionary zeal, i. 68, 69;
+    later character, i. 80;
+    relations with the English Church, 250;
+    English and Irish divisions, iii. 338, 339;
+    accepts the King's Supremacy, 339, 340;
+    rejects religious change, 341;
+    condition under Elizabeth, iv. 314, 315;
+    Roman, its revival under Paul IV., iv. 99;
+    position at the accession of Pius V., 249;
+    of Scotland, Presbyterian. _See_ Kirk
+
+  Churchill, Arabella, vii. 107, 108
+
+  Churchill, John, vii. 107-109;
+    his victory at Sedgemoor, 11, 109;
+    deserts James II., 42.
+    _See_ Marlborough.
+
+  Cinque Ports
+    support party of Montfort, ii. 70, 85, 86;
+    their commerce, iv. 279;
+    Flemish exiles in, 305, 323;
+    mariners of, their victory off Dover, ii. 3;
+    their fights with the French, 141, 142; iii. 7
+
+  Cissa, king of the South Saxons, i. 34
+
+  Cistercians
+    settle in England, i. 222;
+    their wool, 350; ii. 107
+
+  Ciudad Rodrigo stormed, viii. 199
+
+  Clair-on-Epte, treaty of, i. 155
+
+  Clare submits to the English, iii. 329
+
+  Clare, Richard, first Earl of, ii. 48
+
+  Clare, Richard, sixth Earl of, i. 343
+
+  Clare, Richard of (Strongbow), i. 252
+
+  Clarence, George, Duke of,
+    intrigues with Warwick, iii. 133;
+    marries his daughter, 134;
+    revolts, _ib._, 135;
+    relations with Edward and Warwick, 137, 138, 141, 142;
+    impeachment and death, 163
+
+  Clarence, Lionel, Duke of, ii. 264, 293, 302
+
+  Clarence, Thomas, Duke of, iii. 24, 26, 36
+
+  Clarendon, Assize of, i. 238;
+    Constitutions of, 235;
+    Council of, _ib._
+
+  Clarendon, Edward Hyde, first Earl of (_see_ Hyde), vi. 193;
+    Lord Chancellor, _ib._, 205;
+    his political theory, 205-207;
+    his foreign policy, 213-215;
+    relations with Charles II., 221;
+    advises a dissolution, 241;
+    banished, 243;
+    his _History of the Rebellion_, v. 72;
+    _Life_, vi. 157
+
+  Clarendon, Edward Hyde, second Earl of, vii. 20, 76
+
+  Clark, John, iii. 262
+
+  Clarkson, Thomas, viii. 48
+
+  Clement IV., Pope, ii. 18
+
+  Clement V., Pope, ii. 172
+
+  Clement VI., Pope, ii. 229, 236
+
+  Clement VII., Pope, iii. 249;
+    prisoner, 269;
+    escapes, 272;
+    dealings with Henry VIII.'s divorce, 271, 272, 274, 275, 277, 278;
+    threatens Henry with excommunication, 302;
+    annuls Cranmer's proceedings, 304;
+    refuses to hold a Council, iv. 20
+
+  Clement VIII., Pope, iv. 372
+
+  Clément, Jacques, iv. 368
+
+  Clergy, their privileges, i. 234;
+    attacked by Henry II., 235-237;
+    papal demands on, ii. 27, 28, 42, 222;
+    relations with Edward I., 118, 120, 163;
+    summoned to Parliament, 157;
+      cease to attend, 158;
+    strife of regular and secular, 295;
+    bondage to Pope and king, _ib._, 296;
+    decay of their moral influence, 296, 297;
+    excluded from state offices, 302;
+    attacked by John of Gaunt and Wyclif, 308;
+    decline of their influence, iii. 96, 97;
+    Wolsey's struggle with, 246;
+    Thomas Cromwell's policy towards, 295;
+    charged with breach of Præmunire, 296;
+      submission, 297;
+    their enslavement, 301, 302, 311, 312;
+    allowed to marry, iv. 49;
+    their five articles of 1559, 156, 157;
+    Elizabeth's dealings with, 161, 162;
+    their position and character in her reign, 302-304;
+    growth of Puritanism among, 340; v. 89, 90;
+    required to subscribe all the Articles, 156;
+    struggle with James II., vii. 18, 19, 24, 30;
+    condition under the Georges, 171, 172;
+    character in the eighteenth century, viii. 47;
+    Puritan, expelled, iv. 342; v. 156;
+    Laud's dealings with, 295-297;
+    their final expulsion, vi. 209;
+      its results, 210-213;
+    their sufferings, 222, 223
+
+  Cleveland, Barbara Palmer, duchess of (_see_ Castlemaine), vi. 175
+
+  Cleves, quarrel about, v. 178
+
+  _Clericis Laicos_, bull, ii. 163
+
+  Clifford, Thomas, eighth Lord, iii. 74
+
+  Clifford, John, ninth Lord, iii. 78
+
+  Clifford, Sir Thomas (first Lord Clifford of Chudleigh),
+    commissioner of the Treasury, vi. 245, 261;
+    Lord Treasurer, 271;
+    resigns, 274
+
+  Clinton, Sir Henry, viii. 32
+
+  Clive, Robert, vii. 233;
+    seizes Arcot, 235;
+    victory at Plassey, 261, 262
+
+  Clonmell stormed by Cromwell, vi. 79
+
+  Closter-Seven, Convention of, vii. 249, 262
+
+  Clydesdale, persecution of Catholics in, iv. 218
+
+  Cnihtenagild at Aldgate, i. 223, 299
+
+  Cnut, king of Denmark, i. 143;
+    of England, 143-147
+
+  Cnut II., king of Denmark, i. 189
+
+  Coal, discovery of, viii. 56, 57
+
+  Coalition ministry, the, viii. 65-69
+
+  Cobham, Eleanor, iii. 43, 58, 97
+
+  Cobham, Edward Brooke, Lord, iii. 69
+
+  Cobham, John Oldcastle, Lord (_see_ Oldcastle), iii. 20, 23, 26, 28
+
+  Coinage,
+    new, under Edward I., ii. 119;
+    debasement of, under Henry VIII., iv. 35;
+    under Edward VI., 57, 66;
+    reform of, under William III., vii. 89
+
+  Coggeshall, Ralph of, i. 174
+
+  Coke, Sir Edward, v. 202, 248, 263
+
+  Colchester (Camulodunum)
+    reduced by East Saxons, i. 35;
+    Protestant martyrs of, iv. 144;
+    siege of, vi. 61;
+    surrender, 64
+
+  Colchester, Thomas Beche, abbot of, hanged, iii. 350
+
+  Coleman, Edward, vi. 293, 295, 298
+
+  Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, viii. 135
+
+  Colet, John,
+    his theology, iii. 191, 192;
+    lectures at Oxford, 192;
+    Dean of St. Paul's, 197;
+    founds school, 200;
+    address to Convocation, 202, 203;
+    charged with heresy, 203;
+    protected by Warham and Henry, 204;
+    protests against war, 210
+
+  Colepepper, Sir John, v. 375, 378
+
+  Colgan's _Lives of Irish Saints_, i. 8
+
+  Coligni, Admiral, iv. 209, 216, 299
+
+  Colman, bishop of Lindisfarne, i. 79, 80
+
+  Columba, St., i. 69;
+    Adamnan's _Life of_, 8
+
+  Columban, St., i. 68
+
+  Commendation, system of, i. 133, 321
+
+  Commerce. _See_ Trade
+
+  Commines, Philippe de, his comments on England, iii. 85, 107
+
+  Commission, Court of High,
+    established, iv. 216;
+    its new powers in 1583, 340;
+    Laud's use of, v. 295;
+    its civil jurisdiction abolished, 363;
+    restored, vii. 18;
+    dissolved, 39
+
+  Committee of Public Safety, vi. 1, 13;
+    of the Two Kingdoms, 17
+
+  Commonalty, scheme for its representation, ii. 61, 73
+
+  Commons, the,
+    summoned to Parliament, ii. 73, 153, 154;
+    their right to share in all legislative action established, 196,
+        202;
+    House of, fully constituted, 203;
+    petitions against papal encroachments, 225;
+    its advance under Edward III., 231, 232, 298;
+    shrinks from meddling with administration, 299;
+    increasing share in legislation, 301;
+    resists John of Gaunt's demands, 303;
+    its action in the Good Parliament, 305;
+    in Parliament of 1377, 311, 312;
+    struggle with Richard II., 370;
+    demands confiscation of Church lands, iii. 15, 21;
+    changes in its character during Wars of the Roses, 99;
+    struggle with Wolsey, 245;
+    petition to Henry, VIII., 290;
+    first detailed account of its proceedings, iv. 5;
+    opposes Northumberland's policy, 66;
+    struggle with Elizabeth, 238, 239;
+      advance under her, v. 56, 57;
+    relations with James I., 154, 155, 160-163, 179-182;
+    action in Parliament of 1621, 221, 222, 224, 225;
+    in that of 1625, 245-247;
+    in that of 1626, 250, 253;
+    draws up the Petition of Right, 260;
+    action in 1640, 340;
+    resolves on the trial of Charles I., vi. 66;
+    abolishes Monarchy, 68;
+    sets up a Commonwealth, _ib._;
+    passes the Exclusion Bill, 319;
+    rejects the Securities Bill, 320;
+    impeaches Fitzharris, 323;
+    its sovereignty, vii. 80;
+    position under William, III., 81;
+    relations with Marlborough, 123;
+    the Whigs' management of, 176;
+    proposals for its reform, viii. 9, 10, 63, 67, 75, 76, 195;
+    adopts Catholic emancipation, viii. 196.
+    _See_ Parliament
+
+  Commonwealth
+    established in England, vi. 68, 69;
+    proclaimed in London, 73
+
+  "Commune," the, in towns, i. 318; ii. 69
+
+  Companies, trading, v. 161
+
+  Compiègne, Jeanne d'Arc taken prisoner at, iii. 53
+
+  "Complaint of the Commons of Kent," iii. 65, 66
+
+  Comprehension Bill, vii. 63
+
+  Compton, Bishop of London, vii. 18, 19, 28, 35
+
+  Compurgation, i. 239, 313
+
+  Comyn, John, regent of Scotland, ii. 170, 171
+
+  Comyn, John, of Badenoch, ii. 173
+
+  Condé, Louis I., Prince of, iv. 188, 209, 264, 267
+
+  Condé, Louis II., Prince of, vi. 190
+
+  Congregation, Lords of the,
+    their relations with Mary of Guise, iv. 168;
+    occupy Edinburgh, 169;
+    relations with Elizabeth, 170-174;
+    treaty with Francis and Mary, 176;
+    rise against Mary, 245, 246
+
+  Congress,
+    the first American, vii. 330;
+    at Philadelphia, viii. 19, 20, 22
+
+  Connaught
+    conquered by the English, iii. 329;
+    Wentworth's dealings with, v. 364, 365
+
+  Connecticut,
+    first settlement of, v. 319, 320;
+    refuses to join in war against England, viii. 203
+
+  Conquereux, battle of, i. 212
+
+  Conservators of the Peace, ii. 123
+
+  Consilt, battle of, ii. 54
+
+  Constable, Sir Robert, iii. 325
+
+  Constable, the king's, origin of his office, i. 132
+
+  Constance of Britanny, i. 247, 260
+
+  Constantine, king of Scots, i. 119, 120
+
+  Constantinople
+    captured by the Turks, iii. 189;
+    English exiles at, i. 167
+
+  "Constitutional Clubs," viii. 95, 100
+
+  Constitutions of Clarendon, i. 235
+
+  Contades, General, vii. 264
+
+  Continental System, viii. 175, 176;
+    its results, 177
+
+  Contract, the Great, v. 179
+
+  Convention
+    of 1660, vi. 152;
+      declares itself a Parliament, 194;
+    of 1689, vii. 44-47;
+      becomes a Parliament, 60;
+    the Constituent, vi. 94-98;
+    the French, viii. 101;
+    Scottish, of 1659, vi. 150;
+      of 1689, vii. 51.
+    _See_ Parliament
+
+  Convocation,
+    provincial, of the clergy, ii. 158;
+    its legislative power taken away, iii. 301, 307;
+    of 1413, iii. 20;
+    of 1512, Colet's address to, 202, 203;
+    of 1531, 296, 297;
+    of 1532, 301;
+    of 1533, 303;
+    of 1604, its canons, v. 156;
+    of 1689, vii. 63;
+    of Perth, ii. 171
+
+  Conway,
+    castle built at, ii. 121;
+    captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 10;
+    recovered by Percy, 11
+
+  Cook, Captain, vii. 278
+
+  Cooper, Anthony Ashley, vi. 95;
+    his early life, 215, 216;
+    attacks Cromwell's memory, 148;
+    advises the return of excluded members of the Rump, 151;
+    Chancellor of the Exchequer, 194.
+    _See_ Ashley
+
+  Cope, Sir John, vii. 228
+
+  Copenhagen,
+    battle of, viii. 163;
+    bombardment of, 180
+
+  Copper, export of, from Cornwall, iv. 279
+
+  Copy-holders, i. 323
+
+  Corfe, Eadward the Martyr slain at, i. 139
+
+  Cormac's _Glossary_, i. 8
+
+  Cornwal, John, ii. 357
+
+  Cornwall
+    conquered by Ecgberht, i. 102;
+    Royalist rising in, vi. 5, 6;
+    tin-mines in, i. 30; ii. 107;
+    export of tin from, iv. 279;
+      of copper, _ib._;
+    West Welsh of, become vassals of Æthelstan, i. 120
+
+  Cornwall, Henry, Earl of, i. 345
+
+  Cornwall, Richard, Earl of. _See_ Richard
+
+  Cornwallis, Charles, second earl and first marquis,
+    captures Charlestown, viii. 32;
+    surrenders at York Town, _ib._;
+    Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 130, 138;
+    victories in India, 131
+
+  Coronation-stone, the Scottish, ii. 162
+
+  Coroners, i. 264; ii. 149
+
+  Corresponding Society, viii. 106
+
+  Cortes, Hernan, iv. 329
+
+  Corunna,
+    Drake's descent on, iv. 355;
+    siege of, 367, 368;
+    battle of, viii. 187
+
+  Cotentin, the,
+    conquered by William Longsword, i. 155;
+    ceded to Robert by Henry I., 201
+
+  Cotton, Bartholomew de, i. 274
+
+  Cotton, manufacture of, viii. 53, 59, 193
+
+  Council
+    of Agitators, vi. 52;
+    the Continual, ii. 114, 353; iii. 22, 23;
+    the Great, i. 256, 351;
+    changes in its character after Norman Conquest, ii. 144;
+    its importance under Henry II., 144, 145;
+    powers over taxation recognised by the Great Charter, 145;
+    mode of summons to, 146;
+    its composition under Henry III., _ib._;
+    claim to appoint ministers, 38;
+    demands for reform, 45;
+    its assembly regulated by Provisions of Oxford, 61;
+    becomes Parliament, 156;
+    the King's, i. 256;
+    its later developements, ii. 112;
+    criminal jurisdiction, iii. 178;
+    position under the Tudors, v. 186, 187;
+    set aside by James I., 187;
+    character after the Restoration, vi. 303;
+    reorganized by Temple, _ib._, 304;
+    of Nine, ii. 275;
+    of the North, v. 285, 363;
+    of Officers, vi. 49, 52, 64, 65;
+    its plan for a new Parliament, 74;
+    forces Richard Cromwell to dissolve Parliament, 149;
+    Permanent, of Fifteen, ii. 61;
+    the Privy, i. 256;
+    of State, under the Commonwealth, vi. 72;
+    broken up, 91;
+    new one formed, 94;
+    new, named by the Convention, 99;
+    its organization, 100
+
+  Councils,
+    Church, their political results, i. 84, 224;
+    Occasional, called by Edward III., ii. 292, 299;
+    Provincial, of 1282, 120
+
+  Counties, restriction of franchise in, iii. 101, 102
+
+  County court (shire-court),
+    preserved by William I., i. 185, 186;
+    towns represented in, ii. 73;
+    its composition and functions, 149;
+    principle of representation in, _ib._, 150;
+    election of knights of the shire in, 151, 152
+
+  Country Party, the, vi. 272, 298
+
+  Courcy, John de, ii. 374
+
+  Courtenay, Bishop of London, ii. 309;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 339-341, 346
+
+  Coutras, battle of, iv. 355
+
+  Covenant,
+    the Scottish, iv. 115, 116;
+    renewed in 1638, v. 333;
+    taken by the English Parliament, vi. 14, 16, 17;
+    forced on the army, 50;
+    taken by the Convention of 1660, 152;
+    burnt in Westminster Hall, 204
+
+  Coventry,
+    Parliament at, iii. 75;
+    Mary Stuart imprisoned at, iv. 269
+
+  Coventry, Sir William, vi. 245, 272
+
+  Coverdale, Miles, iii. 334
+
+  Cowell, John, v. 169
+
+  Cowley, Abraham, vi. 165
+
+  Cowling Castle, headquarters of the Lollards, iii. 20, 27
+
+  Cowper, William, Lord Keeper, vii. 125;
+    chancellor, 175
+
+  Cowper, William, poet, viii. 46
+
+  Cox, Richard, iv. 119
+
+  Crabbe, George, viii. 46
+
+  Craft-gilds, i. 316-318
+
+  Craggs, Secretary of State, vii. 192
+
+  Cranfield, Lord Treasurer, v. 229, 236
+
+  Cranmer, Thomas, iii. 272;
+    supports the king's divorce, 291;
+    proposes an appeal to the universities, _ib._;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 303;
+    crowns Anne Boleyn, _ib._;
+    tenders the oath of allegiance to More, 318, 319;
+    attitude towards Lutheranism, 336;
+      opposes persecution, 346;
+    drifts into Protestantism, iv. 48, 59, 127;
+    welcomes foreign refugees, 51;
+    his view of Episcopacy, 60;
+    remonstrates against Edward's "plan" for the succession, 70;
+    sent to the Tower, 75;
+    tried for treason, _ib._;
+    his political position, 103, 104;
+    share in the English Liturgy, 103;
+    convicted of heresy, 104;
+    death, 105;
+    Strype's _Life of_, 3
+
+  Crécy, battle of, ii. 237-239
+
+  Cremona, battle of, vii. 118
+
+  Crépy, treaty of, iv. 32, 33
+
+  Creton's _History of Richard II._, ii. 179
+
+  Crewe, Chief Justice, v. 254
+
+  Crompton, Samuel, viii. 60
+
+  Cromwell, Henry, vi. 109
+
+  Cromwell, Oliver,
+    his youth, v. 103; vi. 24, 25;
+    alleged scheme of emigration, v. 320;
+    share in Association of the Eastern Counties, vi. 8;
+    at Marston Moor, 19, 22;
+    quarrel with Manchester at Newbury, 24;
+    his person, 25;
+    regiment, 26;
+    temper, 27;
+    relations with Dissidents, 33, 36;
+    his policy, 34;
+    victory at Naseby, 40, 41;
+    pleads for religious liberty, 44, 45;
+    resigns his command, 53;
+    rejoins the army, _ib._;
+    negotiates with the king, 57;
+    opposes the ordinance against heresy, 60;
+    besieges the royalists in Pembroke, 61, 162;
+    victory at Preston, 62;
+    marches into Scotland, _ib._;
+    charged with treason, 63;
+    suppresses a revolt of the army, 75;
+    campaign in Ireland, 76, 77, 79;
+    returns, 79;
+    Lord-General, _ib._;
+    invades Scotland, _ib._;
+    victory at Dunbar, 80;
+    occupies Edinburgh, 82;
+    victory at Worcester, 84;
+    supports the demand for a new Parliament, 87;
+    drives out the Rump, 90, 91;
+    resigns his power to the Convention, 95;
+    his political and social views, 97, 98;
+    Protector, 100, 102;
+    his administration, 103;
+    quarrel with the Parliament of 1654, 102, 103, 105;
+    his military despotism, 106-108;
+    settlement of Scotland, 108, 109;
+      of Ireland, 109, 110;
+      of England, 111, 112;
+    foreign policy, 114-117;
+    struggle with Parliament of 1655, 119;
+    the Crown offered to, _ib._, 120;
+      refuses it, 121, 122;
+    inaugurated as Protector, 122;
+    successes abroad, 123, 124;
+    failure at home, 125;
+    his theory of the Christian State, 127, 128;
+    failing health, 143;
+    his "House of Lords," 144;
+    dissolves the Parliament, 145;
+    last illness, 146;
+    death, 147;
+    his corpse outraged, 201;
+    authorities for his history, v. 73
+
+  Cromwell, Richard, vi. 147, 149
+
+  Cromwell, Thomas,
+    his early life, iii. 282, 283;
+    relations with Wolsey, 283-285;
+    counsel to Henry about the divorce, 285;
+    his policy, 294, 295;
+    Lord Privy Seal, 304;
+    Vicar-General, 306;
+    dealings with the monasteries, 310, 311;
+    with the clergy, 311, 312;
+    his reign of terror, 312-315;
+    temper, 315, 316;
+    relations with the nobles, 321, 322;
+    reform of religion, 333;
+    Church policy in Ireland, 341, 342;
+    orders removal of images, 343;
+    dealings with Parliament, iv. 8, 9;
+    last struggle, iii. 347-351;
+    fall and death, 352;
+    results of his policy, iv. 7-14
+
+  Crotoy relieved by Talbot, iii. 56
+
+  Crowland, i. 86;
+    burnt by northmen, 104;
+    Chronicle of, ii. 179, 180
+
+  Croys, the, iii. 122, 125
+
+  Crusades,
+    their effect on learning, i. 282;
+    of Richard I., 261;
+    of Edward I., ii. 90;
+    Henry IV.'s project of, iii. 25;
+    Henry V.'s, 36, 38
+
+  Cuba
+    conquered by England, vii. 307;
+    restored to Spain, _ib._
+
+  Cudworth, Ralph, vi. 169
+
+  Culloden, battle of, vii. 230
+
+  Cumberland, William, Duke of, vii. 227, 230, 248, 251
+
+  Cumberland, Henry Clifford, first Earl of, iii. 323
+
+  Cumberland, Henry Clifford, second Earl of, iv. 162
+
+  Cumberland, George Clifford, third Earl of, iv. 353, 358
+
+  Cumbria,
+    British kingdom of, i. 60;
+    conquered by Ecgfrith, 87;
+    by Eadmund, 123;
+    granted to Malcolm, king of Scots, _ib._
+
+  Cup-thegn (butler), i. 132
+
+  "Customs" of the realm, i. 235
+
+  Customs duties,
+    Edward I.'s, ii. 107, 164, 172, 189;
+    granted to Edward IV. for life, 89, 152;
+    new, imposed by James I., v. 172;
+    granted to Charles I. for a year only, 246
+
+  Cuthbert, St., i. 74-76, 87, 88
+
+  Cuthwulf, king of the West Saxons, i. 37
+
+  Cynric, king of the West Saxons, i. 34, 49
+
+
+  Dacres, William, third Lord, iv. 162
+
+  Dacres, Leonard, iv. 269
+
+  Dægsastan, battle of, i. 60
+
+  Dalaber, Anthony, iii. 262
+
+  Dalrymple, John, Master of Stair, vii. 52, 53
+
+  Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of,
+    Lord Treasurer, vi. 282;
+    his policy, 282-286;
+    duped by Charles, 287;
+    his bill for the security of the Church, 288;
+    foreign policy, 289, 290;
+    impeached, 299;
+    dismissed, 300;
+    released from the Tower, vii. 2;
+    warns William against James II., 28;
+    signs the invitation to William, 35;
+    prepares for a rising, 37;
+    raises Yorkshire, 41;
+    his policy in the Convention of 1689, 46;
+    Lord President, 67
+
+  Danegeld, i. 186, 207, 216, 350; ii. 104
+
+  Danelaw, the, i. 107;
+    its struggle with Ælfred, 116, 117;
+    subdued by Eadmund, 120;
+    rises against Eadred, 123;
+    final submission, _ib._, 124;
+    Dunstan's policy towards, 137
+
+  Danes. _See_ Northmen
+
+  Daniel, poet and historian, v. 4, 35
+
+  Darcy, Thomas, Lord (of Aston), iii. 323-325
+
+  Darien, colony of, vii. 89
+
+  Darnley, Henry Stuart, Lord, iv. 220, 221;
+    marries Mary Stuart, 224;
+    quarrels with her, 227;
+    share in Rizzio's murder, 228;
+    dissolves Parliament, 229;
+    reconciled to Mary, _ib._;
+    plots against him, 242, 243;
+    death, 244
+
+  Dartford, peasant revolt at, ii. 319
+
+  Dartmouth,
+    Breton descent on, iii. 16;
+    Warwick and Clarence land at, 138
+
+  Dartmouth, George Legge, first Lord, vii. 77
+
+  Daun, General, vii. 263, 302
+
+  Davenant, Sir William, v. 303
+
+  David I., king of Scots, i. 217; ii. 133;
+    his Laws, ii. 171
+
+  David II., king of Scots. _See_ Bruce
+
+  David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon, ii. 134, 136
+
+  David, brother of Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, ii. 119, 121
+
+  Davies, Sir John, v. 303
+
+  Davison, Secretary of State, iv. 352
+
+  Dean, Forest of, iron-mines in, i. 30
+
+  Deane, General, vi. 108
+
+  Debt, the National, vii. 87
+
+  "Defenders," viii. 119
+
+  Deira,
+    kingdom of, i. 36;
+    conquered by Bernicians, 52, 53;
+    submits to Oswald, 67;
+      to Penda, 71.
+    _See_ Northumbria
+
+  Dekker, Thomas, v. 42
+
+  Delaware, colony of, vii. 236
+
+  Denham, Sir John, vi. 325
+
+  Denmark,
+    its monarchy founded, i. 128;
+    relations with Sweden and Hanover, vii. 188, 189;
+    joins leagues against England, viii. 162, 180;
+    its fleet captured, 180, 181
+
+  Deorham, battle of, i. 38, 61
+
+  Derby,
+    one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;
+    conquered by Æthelflæd, 118;
+    Charles Edward at, vii. 228
+
+  Derby, Henry Plantagenet I., Earl of, ii. 234, 235, 243
+
+  Derby, Henry Plantagenet III., Earl of, ii. 353
+
+  Derby, Henry III. of Lancaster, Earl of. _See_ Henry IV. (king).
+
+  Derby, Edward Stanley, third Earl of, iv. 267, 269
+
+  Derby, William Stanley, ninth Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Derby, Earls of. _See_ Ferrars.
+
+  Derbyshire, lead mines in, ii. 107
+
+  D'Erlon, General, viii. 208, 209
+
+  Dermod, king of Leinster, i. 251, 252
+
+  Derry, colonisation of, v. 289
+
+  Derwentwater, James Radcliffe, third Earl of, vii. 184
+
+  Desmond, Gerald Fitzmaurice (or Fitzgerald), fifteenth Earl of, iv.
+      315, 316
+
+  Desmond, James Fitzgerald, seventeenth Earl of, v. 62
+
+  Despenser, Hugh, justiciar, ii. 64, 66, 87
+
+  Despenser, Hugh, the elder, ii. 194, 198.
+
+  Despenser, Hugh, the younger, ii. 194, 195, 199
+
+  Dettingen, battle of, vii. 224
+
+  Devon
+    rises against William. I., i. 168;
+    against Somerset, iv. 55;
+    secured by Prince Maurice for Charles I., vi. 13;
+    rising in, under Monmouth, vii. 9
+
+  Devonshire, William Cavendish, fourth Earl of (_see_ Cavendish), vii.
+      28;
+    signs the invitation to William III., 35;
+    prepares for a rising, 37;
+    heads the rising in the Midlands, 41
+
+  Devonshire, Thomas Courtenay, fifth Earl of, iii. 69
+
+  Devonshire, Thomas Courtenay, sixth Earl of, ii. 80
+
+  Devon, Edward Courtenay, Earl of, iv. 78
+
+  D'Ewes, Sir Symonds, iv. 5; v. 72
+
+  D'Eyvill, John, ii. 84
+
+  Dieppe burnt by the English fleet, i. 333
+
+  Digby, Sir Everard, v. 159
+
+  Digby, Sir Kenelm, vi. 168
+
+  Digges, Sir Dudley, v. 251, 253
+
+  Dioceses, English,
+    origin of their limits, i. 82, 83;
+    organized by Theodore, 83
+
+  Directory, the French, viii. 113
+
+  "Disinherited," the, ii. 84, 86-89
+
+  "Dissidence," growth of, vi. 30-32
+
+  D'Oillis, the, i. 284
+
+  Domesday Book, i. 186
+
+  Domfront taken by Henry V., iii. 33
+
+  Dominic, St., ii. 9
+
+  Dominicans (Black Friars) come to England, ii. 11
+
+  Domrémy, home of Jeanne d'Arc, iii. 46
+
+  Donne, John, v. 303
+
+  Dorset, risings in, i. 168; vii. 9
+
+  Dorset, John Beaufort, Marquis of (Earl of Somerset), iii. 7
+
+  Dorset, Thomas Grey, second Marquis of, iii. 209
+
+  Dorset, Thomas Sackville, first Earl of, v. 22
+
+  Dorset, Charles Sackville, sixth Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Douay,
+    English college at, iv. 307;
+    Oxford refugees at, 317
+
+  Douglas, Archibald, fourth Earl of, iii. 13, 14, 39
+
+  Douglas, Sir Archibald, Regent of Scotland, ii. 211
+
+  Douglas, James, ii. 184, 204, 205, 210
+
+  Douglas, house of, their struggle with the Scot kings, iii. 184
+
+  Dover,
+    tumult at, in 1051, i. 152;
+    resists Lewis of France, 355; ii. 2;
+    surrenders to Henry III., 83;
+    treaty of, vi. 257
+
+  Dowdall, Archbishop of Armagh, iv. 62
+
+  D'Oysel, French ambassador in Scotland, iv. 173
+
+  Drake, Francis,
+    his voyage round the world, iv. 333, 334;
+    expedition to the Spanish Main, 349;
+    to Cadiz and Corunna, 355;
+    in the fleet against the Armada, 361, 362;
+    expedition to Lisbon, 367
+
+  Drama, English,
+    its beginnings, v. 20-22;
+    developement under Elizabeth, 22-24;
+    after the Restoration, vi. 163, 164
+
+  Drayton's _Polyolbion_, v. 35
+
+  Dreux captured by Henry V., iii. 36;
+    battle of, iv. 210
+
+  Drogheda, massacre at, vi. 76, 77
+
+  Dryden, Sir Erasmus, vi. 325
+
+  Dryden, John, vi. 165, 324, 325;
+    founder of the school of critical poets, 326;
+    his tragedies, 327;
+    comedies, 328, 329;
+    _Annus Mirabilis_, 330;
+    attitude in politics and religion, 331;
+    _Absalom and Ahitophel_, 332-334;
+    influence on literature, vii. 154-157
+
+  Dublin, sieges of, i. 252; vi. 76
+
+  Dublin, John Allen, Archbishop of, murdered, iii. 328
+
+  Dubois, the Abbé, vii. 187
+
+  Dudley, Lord Guildford, iv. 69, 75, 84
+
+  Dudley, Lord Robert, iv. 193.
+    _See_ Leicester
+
+  Dudley, Edmund, iii. 199
+
+  Dudo of St. Quentin, i. 6
+
+  Dumouriez, General, viii. 101, 107
+
+  Duncan, Admiral, viii. 127
+
+  Dundas, Henry, viii. 171
+
+  Dundee, John Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount, vii. 51, 52
+
+  Dunes, battle of the, vi. 124
+
+  Dunkirk
+    ceded to Cromwell, vi. 124;
+    sold to France, 214;
+    dismantled, vii. 142
+
+  Dunluce, ships of the Armada wrecked off, iv. 363
+
+  Dunning, John, Solicitor-General, viii. 15
+
+  Dunois, Count of, iii. 49, 50, 62
+
+  Dupleix, General, vii. 233-235
+
+  Duquesne, Fort, vii. 243, 245, 266
+
+  Duns Scotus, ii. 276
+
+  _Dunstable, Annals of_, i. 273
+
+  Dunstan, St., i. 120-123;
+    his struggle with Eadwig, 136;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 137;
+    policy and rule, _ib._, 138;
+    fall, 139;
+    _Lives of_, 6
+
+  Durham,
+    historians of, i. 243;
+    King John at, 340
+
+  Durie, John, v. 138
+
+
+  Eadberht, king of Northumbria, i. 96, 97
+
+  Eadgar, King, i. 137, 138;
+    his Law, 144
+
+  Eadgar, king of Scots, i. 197
+
+  Eadgar, the Ætheling, i. 154, 165, 168, 170, 197
+
+  Eadgyth, wife of Eadward the Confessor, i. 150, 165
+
+  Eadmer, i. 173, 243
+
+  Eadmund, St., king of East Anglia, i. 104
+
+  Eadmund (the Magnificent), King, i. 120, 122, 123
+
+  Eadmund Ironside, King, i. 143;
+    his children, 144, 153
+
+  Eadred, King, i. 123, 136
+
+  Eadric, ealdorman of Mercia, i. 142-144
+
+  Eadward the Elder, King, i. 117-119, 305
+
+  Eadward the Martyr, King, i. 139
+
+  Eadward the Confessor, King, i, 149-153, 158, 160;
+    his Laws, 150, 199, 340;
+    _Life of_, 6
+
+  Eadwig, King, i. 136, 137
+
+  Eadwig, son of Æthelred II., i. 144
+
+  Eadwine, king of Northumbria, i. 62-64, 66
+
+  Eadwine, earl of Mercia, i. 160, 165, 167, 170
+
+  Eadwulf, earl of Northumbria, i. 146
+
+  Ealdorman, the,
+    his office, i. 48, 49;
+    becomes a delegate of the king, 131;
+    rises again to independence, 134;
+    replaced by the earl, 146
+
+  Ealdred, Archbishop of York, i. 166
+
+  Earl, the, i. 11, 50;
+    superseded by the thegn, 51
+
+  Earldoms,
+    the four great, i. 146;
+    abolished, 185
+
+  Earls supersede ealdormen, i. 146
+
+  East Anglia,
+    its conquest, i. 36;
+    Christianity in, 59;
+    subject to Mercia, 91;
+    revolts, 102;
+    conquered by the northmen, 104;
+    bridled by Eadward the Elder, 117, 118;
+    earldom of, 146;
+    Protestant martyrs in, iv. 96
+
+  "Easterlings," i. 303
+
+  Eastern Counties, Association of the, vi. 8, 13
+
+  East India Company, iv. 284; vii. 63, 232
+
+  East-Saxons,
+    their settlement, i. 35;
+    conversion, 59
+
+  Ebbsfleet, i. 31, 32, 58
+
+  Ecclesiastical Courts separated from civil Courts, i. 188
+
+  Ecgberht, king of Wessex, i. 101-103
+
+  Ecgfrith, king of Northumbria, i. 86-89
+
+  Ecgwine, Bishop of Worcester, i. 86
+
+  Eddi's _Life of Wilfrid_, i. 4
+
+  Edgecote, battle of, iii. 134
+
+  Edgehill, battle of, vi. 3
+
+  Edinburgh
+    founded, i. 63;
+    seat of the Scot kings, 147;
+    won by Bruce, ii. 191;
+    burnt by the English, iv. 28;
+    castle of, besieged by Henry IV., iii. 9;
+    treaty of, iv. 176;
+    riot at, against the new Liturgy, v. 328;
+    the Covenant signed at, 333;
+    rises against James VII., vii. 50;
+    "James the Eighth" proclaimed at, 228
+
+  _Edinburgh Review_, the, viii. 195
+
+  Edington, battle of, i. 107
+
+  Edith. _See_ Matilda
+
+  Edmund Rich, St., i. 287-289;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 33;
+    obtains dismissal of Peter des Roches, _ib._;
+    dealings with Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, 58;
+    retires to Pontigny, 42
+
+  Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III., ii. 59, 82,
+      87, 187, 188
+
+  Edmund, Earl of Woodstock, ii. 293
+
+  Edward (I.), son of Henry III.,
+    defeated by the Welsh, ii. 59;
+    joins Earl Simon, 64, 65;
+    rejoins Henry, 65;
+    marches against Llewelyn, 67;
+    surrenders Windsor, _ib._;
+    attempts to surprise London, 70;
+    share in battle of Lewes, _ib._;
+    prisoner, 71;
+    escapes, 75;
+    seizes Gloucester, 76;
+    defeats the younger Simon, _ib._;
+    meets Simon at Evesham, 77;
+    attitude after the battle, 81;
+    marches against Axholme, 85;
+    negotiations for peace, _ib._;
+    captures Adam Gurdon, 87;
+    effects off his influence, 89;
+    goes on Crusade, 90;
+    King, _ib._;
+    his motto, 41;
+    his temper, 91-93;
+    influence of chivalry on, 94, 95;
+    spirit of legality, 96;
+    moral temper, 97;
+    military skill, _ib._, 98;
+    political genius, 98, 99;
+    constitutional aspect of his reign, 100, 101;
+    first measures, 102, 103;
+    progress of art and trade in his reign, 105-107;
+    brings Llewelyn to submission, 108, 109;
+    judicial reforms, 109-113;
+    policy towards the barons, 116, 117;
+    towards the Church, 118, 119;
+    conquest of Wales, 119-121;
+    legislation, 122-124;
+    visit to Aquitaine, 123;
+    expels the Jews, 131;
+    relations with Scotland, 135-140;
+    quarrel with France, 141, 142;
+    summons Scotch barons to war in Guienne, 143;
+    admits burgesses to Parliament, 154;
+    his scheme for representation of clergy in Parliament, 157;
+    storms Berwick, 160, 161;
+    Scotland submits to, 161, 162;
+    struggle with the clergy, 163;
+    exactions from merchants, 164;
+    quarrel with barons, 164, 165;
+    goes to Flanders, 165;
+    confirms the Charters, _ib._, 166, 170;
+    truce with France, 168;
+    victory at Falkirk, 169;
+    treaty with France, 170;
+    second conquest of Scotland, 171;
+    his "New Custom," 172;
+    absolved by the Pope from his oath to observe the Charters, _ib._;
+    his vow on the swan, 173, 174;
+    death, 174
+
+  Edward (II.), son of Edward I., ii. 173, 174;
+    character and policy, 184-186;
+    marriage, 186;
+    relations with Gaveston and the barons, 186-188;
+    struggle with the Ordainers, 188-191;
+    marches on Scotland, 191;
+    defeated at Bannockburn, 192, 193;
+    accepts the Ordinances, 194;
+    campaign of 1319, _ib._;
+    relations with the Despensers, 194, 195;
+    truce with Scotland, 196;
+    relations with France, 197, 198;
+    flies to Lundy Island, 198;
+    deposed, 199, 200;
+    murdered, 200;
+    authorities for his reign, 177
+
+  Edward (III.) of Windsor, son of Edward II., ii. 198;
+    proclaimed king, 199;
+    arrests Mortimer, 207;
+    relations with France, 208, 209;
+    acknowledged as suzerain by Edward Balliol, 211;
+    takes Berwick, _ib._;
+    receives Balliol's homage, 212;
+    declares war on France, 213;
+    number of his forces, 216;
+    continental alliances, 216-219;
+    Vicar-General of the Empire, 219;
+    negotiations with France, _ib._;
+    besieges Cambray, 220;
+    complains of papal exactions, 225;
+    alliance with Flemish towns, 226, 227;
+    besieges Tournay, 228;
+    losses in Scotland, 229, 230;
+    relations with Parliament, 230-233, 292, 299;
+    supports John of Montfort in Britanny, 233;
+    invades Normandy, 235;
+    marches on Paris, _ib._;
+    victory at Crécy, 237-239;
+    causes of his military success, 242, 243;
+    besieges Calais, 243;
+    his treatment of the six burgesses, 245-247;
+    the imperial crown offered to, 248;
+    his character, 249-251;
+    founds the Order of the Garter, 252;
+    rebuilds Windsor Castle, _ib._
+    alliance with Charles of Navarre, 258;
+    with David Bruce, 263, 264;
+    ravages France, 265;
+    treaty with Burgundy, _ib._;
+    with the Regent of France, 266;
+    forbids entry of Papal bulls, 273;
+    policy in Spain, 287;
+    truce with Charles V., 288;
+    his evil rule, 290, 291;
+    compromise with the Pope, 296;
+    death, 311
+
+  Edward (IV.), Earl of March, iii. 75;
+    victory at Mortimer's Cross, 78;
+    King, 80;
+    his finance, 89, 152;
+    protection of trade, 106;
+    his temper, 112, 116-118;
+    relations with Lewis XI., 120, 121, 123, 124;
+    marriage, 124;
+    double-dealing with Lewis and Charles the Bold, 129, 130;
+    league with Charles, 130;
+    relations with Warwick, 131-135;
+    driven out, 139;
+      returns, 141;
+    victory at Barnet, 142;
+    marches against Margaret, 143;
+      defeats her at Tewkesbury, 144, 145;
+    new alliance with Charles against Lewis, 148;
+    invades France, 149;
+    makes peace with Lewis, 150;
+    his rule, 151-153;
+    death, 163
+
+  Edward V., King, iii. 163, 167;
+    More's _Life of_, 83, 218
+
+  Edward (VI.), son of Henry VIII.,
+    born, iii. 326;
+    scheme for his marriage, iv. 26;
+    his temper, 67;
+    "plan" for the succession, 69, 70;
+    death, 70;
+    _Journal_, 3;
+    Hayward's _Life of_, _ib._;
+    his Grammar Schools, 62
+
+  Edward (the Black Prince)
+    proposed as Count of Flanders, ii. 233;
+    exploits at Crécy, 237, 238;
+    ravages Guienne, 259, 260;
+    campaign on the Loire, 260;
+    victory at Poitiers, 261-263;
+    invested with Aquitaine, 281;
+    supports Pedro the Cruel, 283;
+    victory at Navarete, 284;
+    imposes hearth-tax on Aquitaine, _ib._;
+    summoned by France to answer the Gascon appeal, 285;
+    storms Limoges, 286;
+    marriage, 293;
+    sickness, 286, 302;
+    action in the Good Parliament, 305;
+    death, 306
+
+  Edward, son of Henry VI., iii. 71, 137, 140, 145
+
+  Egypt
+    conquered by Buonaparte, viii. 132;
+    the French driven from, 165, 166
+
+  _Eikon Basilike_, vi. 72
+
+  Elba, Napoleon at, viii. 205
+
+  Eleanor of Castille, wife of Edward I., ii. 93
+
+  Eleanor of Poitou, wife of Henry II., i. 226;
+    her claims on Toulouse, 233;
+    turns against Henry, 254;
+    imprisoned, 255;
+    joins Richard in Sicily, 260;
+    secures Aquitaine for John, 268;
+    besieged at Mirebeau, _ib._;
+    dies, 270
+
+  Eleanor of Provence, wife of Henry III., ii. 32, 69, 72, 74
+
+  Eleanor, daughter of King John, ii. 36
+
+  Eliot, John, v. 195, 248, 249;
+    attacks Buckingham, 249-252;
+    sent to the Tower, 253;
+      released, _ib._;
+    proposes a Remonstrance, 262;
+    share in the Avowal, 268;
+    death, 273
+
+  Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII., iv. 46;
+    her classical scholarship, iii. 212;
+    Thomas Seymour's attempt to marry her, iv. 56;
+    sent to the Tower, 85, 136;
+    Parliament refuses to oust her from the succession, 89;
+    her person, 134;
+    scholarship, _ib._, 135;
+    relations with Mary, 136;
+    Philip's policy towards, 137, 138;
+    set free, 138;
+    accession, 146;
+    religious policy, 148-150, 152, 153;
+    coronation, 153;
+    refuses to marry Philip, 154;
+    relations with Paul IV., 155, 156;
+    her title acknowledged by Parliament, 156;
+    restores the Prayer-Book, 158, 159;
+    drops the title "Head of the Church," 160;
+    dealings with the clergy, 161, 162;
+    relations with Parker, 165, 166;
+    with the Scotch Lords of the Congregation, 170, 172-175;
+    treaty with Mary and Francis, 176;
+    character, 177-181;
+    statesmanship, 182-186;
+    supports the Huguenots, 189;
+    temporises with Pius IV., 192;
+    refuses to send envoys to Trent, 193, 194;
+    schemes for her marriage, 193, 195, 199;
+    refuses a safe-conduct to Mary Stuart, 200;
+    difficulties with Mary, 202-204;
+    treaty with the Huguenots, 209, 210;
+    with France, 219;
+    her changes in the system of the monarchy, 232;
+    policy in Ireland, 240;
+    drift of her religious policy, 247, 248;
+    difficulties with Mary and Alva, 257, 258;
+    demands Mary's release, 259;
+    refuses to recognize Murray's government, _ib._;
+    renews marriage negotiations with Austria, 260;
+    negotiates for Mary's restoration, 262;
+    her temporizing policy, 264;
+    bull of deposition against her, 265, 270;
+    her relations with England, 274, 275, 287-289;
+    checks the "liberty of prophesying," 290;
+    relations with Parliament, 292, 293; v. 56-58;
+    resists Puritan pressure, iv. 293, 294;
+    scheme for her marriage with Henry of Anjou, 297;
+    expels the "water-beggars," 298;
+    attitude towards the Netherlands, 300;
+    persecutes the Catholics, 308, 309;
+    alliance with the Netherlands, 311;
+    scheme for her marriage with Francis of Anjou, 313, 316, 337, 338;
+    dealings with the Catholics, 319, 320;
+    relations with Drake, 334;
+    confers new powers on the Ecclesiastical Commission, 340;
+    refuses Protectorate of the Netherlands, 349;
+      sends them aid, _ib._;
+    alliance with James VI., 350;
+    plots against her, _ib._;
+    signs the death-warrant of Mary Stuart, 352;
+    her victory over party disunion, 364, 365;
+    sends an expedition to Portugal, 367;
+    help to Henry IV., 371;
+    league with France and the Netherlands, v. 60;
+    her loneliness, 63;
+    waning popularity, 64, 65;
+    last days, 65, 66;
+    death, 67;
+    materials for her history, iv. 3-5
+
+  Elizabeth, Czarina of Russia, vii. 246, 306
+
+  Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV., iii. 133, 167, 168, 170, 171;
+    marries Henry VII., 175
+
+  Elizabeth, daughter of James I., v. 210
+
+  Elizabeth Woodville. _See_ Woodville
+
+  Elizabeth of France, wife of Philip II. of Spain, iv. 372
+
+  Ellandun, battle of, i. 102
+
+  Elliott, General, viii. 31, 41
+
+  Elmet conquered by Eadwine, i. 63
+
+  Elmham's _Life of Henry V._, ii. 179
+
+  Ely
+    burnt by northmen, i. 104;
+    Cnut at, 145;
+    the Ætheling Ælfred blinded at, 148;
+    surrenders to William, 170;
+    seized by the Disinherited, ii. 88
+
+  Emma of Normandy, wife of Æthelred II., i. 141, 156
+
+  "Emperor's men," the, i. 303
+
+  Empson, Sir Richard, iii. 199
+
+  Engla-land, i. 138
+
+  England, Old, i. 9
+
+  England,
+    character of its settlement, i. 44-48;
+    work of the northmen in, 129;
+    first use of the name, 138;
+    its peace under Cnut, 146;
+    prosperity under Eadward and Harold, 153;
+    effects of foreign rule on, 176-178, 278;
+    fusion of Normans and English in, 200, 281;
+    invaded by Robert of Normandy, 200, 201;
+    civil war in, 219, 220;
+    anarchy in, 220, 221;
+    revival of national feeling in, 280, 281;
+    Norman immigration to, 302;
+    effects of loss of Normandy on, 325, 326;
+    under Interdict, 330, 331;
+    Friars arrive in, ii. 11;
+    Provençals and Poitevins in, under Henry III. 32, 33;
+    early finance, 103;
+    relations with the Papacy, 26-28, 218, 219, 221-223, 225, 273-275,
+        303;
+    social changes after the Black Death, 254, 255;
+    social strife in, 266-268, 289, 316, 317;
+    sufferings under Edward III., 290, 291;
+    constitutional, its beginnings, 100;
+    its freedom established, iii. 85;
+    moral and intellectual decay during Wars of the Roses, 97, 98, 115;
+    social condition in fifteenth century, 104-107;
+    agricultural changes in, 107, 108;
+    evictions and enclosures in, 109, 110;
+    definition of its foreign policy, 128;
+    intellectual progress under Edward IV., 153, 154;
+    the New Learning in, 191-196, 201;
+    relations with the Papacy under Henry VIII., 288, 289, 299, 300,
+        302;
+    rejects Papal jurisdiction, 305;
+    foreign Protestants in, iv. 51, 58, 59, 305;
+    condition under Somerset, 54, 55;
+    religious disorder in, 61;
+    condition under Northumberland, 66;
+    religious changes in, under Mary, 75;
+    submits to Rome, 88, 89;
+    effects of the Reformation on, 121, 122;
+    attitude in Mary's later years, 134, 138, 139;
+    condition at her death, 146, 147;
+    religious chaos under Elizabeth, 162-165;
+    becomes Protestant, 166, 167, 247, 248;
+    its importance to the Papacy, 253, 254;
+    parties in, 263;
+    social condition under Elizabeth, 274-277, 283-287;
+    religious condition, 289-291, 302-305;
+    volunteers from, in the Netherlands, 324;
+    unites against the Armada, 358;
+    effect on, of the fight with Spain, 364;
+    its maritime warfare with Spain, 370, 371;
+    intellectual developement under Elizabeth, v. 1-11;
+    condition at her death, 75, 76;
+    growth of wealth and social advance, 77;
+    rise of the squires, 78;
+    growth of national spirit in, _ib._, 79;
+    growth of the religious spirit in, 81;
+    foreign rule of the Stuarts in, 148, 149;
+    James I.'s proposal for its union with Scotland, 154;
+    change in its attitude towards the crown, 171, 172, 183, 184;
+    condition under Charles I., 280-282, 315, 316;
+    declared a Commonwealth, vi. 68, 69;
+    scheme of union with Holland, 81;
+    with Scotland, 85;
+    with Ireland, 86;
+    war with Holland, _ib._, 88;
+    condition under Cromwell and the major-generals, 106-108;
+    progress of the Puritan ideal in, 125-128;
+    scientific movement in, 131-133;
+    Latitudinarians in, 133-137;
+    modern, its beginnings, 160-161;
+    intellectual progress after the Restoration, 163-171;
+    union with Scotland and Ireland dissolved, 180;
+    Restoration settlement of, 196-198;
+    quarrel with the Dutch, 223, 224;
+    war with Holland, 225-226, 238, 239, 261;
+    attitude towards Lewis XIV., 228;
+    its diplomacy under Charles II., 247, 248;
+    declares war against Lewis XIV., vii. 49;
+    alliance with Holland, 102, 104, 105;
+    Union with Scotland, 127, 128;
+    its European position after the Revolution, 147, 148;
+    its European policy, 149-151;
+    its intellectual influence, 151-153;
+    character of political controversy in, 161;
+    strength and weakness of public opinion in, 162-164;
+    social condition under the Georges, 170, 171;
+    alliance with France and Holland, 187;
+    condition under Walpole, 195-198;
+    alliance with France and Prussia, 199;
+    quarrel with Spain for trade in America, 216, 217;
+      declares war, 218;
+    intercourse with India, 232;
+    relations with America, 240, 241, 243, 244;
+    treaty with Frederick II., 247, 248;
+    war with France, 248, 249, 264;
+    becomes a world-power, 274-277;
+    annexations in the Pacific, 278, 279;
+    its empire, 279;
+    relations with America after the Seven Years' War, 280-283;
+    results of the Revolution in, 286, 287;
+    intellectual advance in the eighteenth century, 292, 293;
+    war with Spain, 306;
+    conquests in the West Indies, 307;
+    its gains by the treaty of Paris, _ib._;
+    English and American theories of its relation to America, 321-325;
+    growing influence of public opinion in, viii. 1, 2, 10, 11;
+    war with America, 22-26, 32, 41;
+    relations with Ireland, 33;
+    position after the American war, 45;
+    religious movement in, 46, 47;
+    industrial progress, 53-60;
+    growing influence of the trading class in, 61;
+    its condition as compared to the rest of Europe, 80;
+    alliance with Prussia and Holland, 85;
+    attitude towards the French Revolution, 87, 88, 93-95;
+    panic in, 103-106;
+    war with France, 108, 109;
+    its colonial acquisitions in 1795, 112;
+    condition during the French war, 114;
+    its dogged temper, 115, 116;
+    effects of the war on its industry and trade, 157, 158;
+    League of Neutrals against her, 159, 160;
+    declares war against Buonaparte, 170;
+    effects of the Continental System on its industry and trade, 177;
+    condition during the French war, 192-195;
+    war with America, 198, 203-205;
+    last strife with Napoleon, 207-211.
+    _See_ English People
+
+  Engle, the,
+    their early home, i. 9, 10;
+    settle in East Anglia and the north, 36;
+    conquer Bernicia, 52.
+    _See_ English, Mercians, South-Engle
+
+  English people,
+    their life in Old England, i. 10-22;
+    religion, 22-24;
+    temper, 24-26;
+    love of the sea, 27;
+    character of their conquests, 39-44;
+    of their settlement, 44-48;
+    changes in organization after the conquest, 48-52;
+    tendencies towards unity, 53-55, 61, 83, 130;
+    union under Ecgberht, 103;
+    fusion of northmen with, 126, 127;
+    effects of struggle with the northmen on, 129, 130;
+    tendencies towards disintegration, 133, 134;
+    effects of foreign rule on, 176-178;
+    fusion of Normans with, 200, 281;
+    support William Rufus, 191, 192;
+    support Henry I., 201, 202;
+    revival of national feeling, 280, 281;
+    attitude under George III., vii. 312-314;
+    new life in America, viii. 43, 44.
+    _See_ England
+
+  Episcopacy
+    abolished in Scotland, v. 140;
+    restored, 143, 166, 167;
+    again abolished, 335;
+    proposal to abolish it in England, 354
+
+  Erasmus, Desiderius, iii. 193, 194;
+    his relations with Warham, 196, 212;
+    teaches Greek at Cambridge, 201;
+    protests against war, 211;
+    his _Praise of Folly_, 199, 219;
+    edition of St. Jerome, 212, 213;
+    of the New Testament, 213, 215;
+    his theology, 214;
+    defends the New Learning against Luther, 256
+
+  Eric, king of Sweden, i. 128
+
+  Essayists, the English, vii. 158-160
+
+  Essex
+    settled by the East Saxons, i. 35;
+    submits to Wulfhere, 85;
+    peasant revolt in, ii. 321;
+    Protestantism in, under Mary, iv. 144;
+    royalist rising in, vi. 59
+
+  Essex, Arthur Capel, first earl of,
+    commissioner of the Treasury, vi. 301;
+    supports Shaftesbury and the Exclusion, 315, 319;
+    plots with Monmouth, etc., 336;
+    death, 337
+
+  Essex, Robert Devereux, second earl of, v. 43, 62, 63
+
+  Essex, Robert Devereux, third earl of,
+    marries Frances Howard, v. 190;
+    divorced, 191;
+    resists a forced loan, 255;
+    captain-general of the Parliamentary army, vi. 1;
+    movements in 1642, 2, 3;
+    captures Reading, 5;
+    his inactivity, 6, 8-10;
+    retires to Uxbridge, 12;
+    relieves Gloucester, 13, 14;
+    movements in 1644, 19, 22, 23;
+    retires, 35
+
+  Essex, Earls of. _See_ Fitz-Peter, Mandeville
+
+  Essex, Frances, Countess of. _See_ Howard
+
+  Estates of the realm, various groupings of, in Parliament, ii. 202,
+      203
+
+  Etherege, Sir George, vi. 157
+
+  Eugene of Savoy, Prince, vii. 118, 120, 121, 131, 134
+
+  Euphuism, v. 5
+
+  Eustace, Count of Boulogne, i. 152, 167
+
+  Eustace, son of King Stephen, i. 226, 227
+
+  Eustace the Monk, ii. 2
+
+  Eva, daughter of Dermod of Leinster, i. 252
+
+  Evelyn's _Diary_, vi. 157
+
+  Evesham
+    founded, i. 86;
+    battle of, ii. 77, 78
+
+  Evreux, Charles of, ii. 315
+
+  Exchange, the Royal, founded, iv. 280
+
+  Exchequer, Court of, i. 206; ii. 109;
+    Richard Fitz-Neal's _Dialogue_ on, i. 174, 244;
+    closed, vi. 261
+
+  Excise,
+    Walpole's scheme of, vii. 195, 201, 202;
+      revived by Pitt, viii. 77
+
+  Exeter,
+    northmen at, i. 106;
+    Welsh driven from, 120;
+    subdued by William I., 167, 168;
+    tailors' gild at, 318;
+    William of Orange received at, vii. 40
+
+  Exeter, Henry Holland, duke of, iii. 140, 142
+
+  Exeter, John Holland, duke of (Earl of Huntingdon), iii. 7, 8
+
+  Exeter, Edward Courtenay, marquis of, iii. 322, 348, 350
+
+  Exton, Sir Piers, iii. 8
+
+  Exclusion Bill, the, vi. 307, 308, 319, 320
+
+  Eylau, battle of, viii. 175
+
+
+  Fabyan's _Chronicle_, ii. 179
+
+  Fairfax, Edward, his version of Tasso, v. 2
+
+  Fairfax, Ferdinando, second Lord, vi. 4
+
+  Fairfax, Sir Thomas,
+    his victory at Nantwich, vi. 18;
+    commander-in-chief of the New Model army, 35, 36;
+    victory at Naseby, 40, 41;
+    in the west, 41;
+    marches on Oxford, 46;
+    suppresses royalist rising in Kent, 61;
+    Colchester surrenders to, 64;
+    marches on London, 65;
+    suppresses mutiny, 75;
+    superseded by Cromwell, 79;
+    joins Monk, 151
+
+  Falaise,
+    birthplace of William the Conqueror, i. 157;
+    treaty of, ii. 140;
+    reduced by Henry V., iii. 33
+
+  Falconberg, William Neville, Lord, iii. 113
+
+  Falkirk, battles of, ii. 168, 169; vii. 229
+
+  Falkland, Lucius Cary, second viscount,
+    his plans of Church reform, v. 354;
+    abandons Strafford's impeachment, 356;
+    his political position, 368;
+    becomes Charles's minister, 375;
+    joins Charles at York, 378;
+    death, vi. 14;
+    influence on religious thought, 133
+
+  Family Compact, the, vii. 215
+
+  "Farm" of a borough, ii. 152
+
+  Farmer, Anthony, vii. 25
+
+  Farmers, rise of, ii. 240
+
+  Farne, islet of, i. 71
+
+  Fastolfe, Sir John, iii. 46, 162
+
+  Fawkes, Guido, v. 158, 159
+
+  Feckenham, Abbot of Westminster, iv. 106
+
+  Felton, John, v. 264, 265
+
+  Ferdinand (I.), Archduke of Austria, iii. 208, 243; iv. 19;
+    Emperor, 98; v. 174, 175
+
+  Ferdinand (II.), Archduke of Austria, v. 213;
+    king of Bohemia, 216;
+    Emperor, 217
+
+  Ferdinand V., king of Aragon, iii. 186, 187, 207;
+    forms the Holy League, 209;
+    seizes Navarre, _ib._;
+    dies, 234
+
+  Ferdinand VII., king of Spain, viii. 185
+
+  Ferrar, Bishop of St. David's, iv. 91
+
+  Ferrars, Robert, fourth earl of Derby, i. 254
+
+  Ferrars, Robert, eighth earl of Derby, ii. 87
+
+  Feudalism,
+    tendency to, in England after Danish wars, i. 133, 135, 136;
+    the Conqueror's dealings with, 181-185;
+    antagonism of the universities to, 289-291;
+    revives under Henry III., ii. 4, 5;
+    its military basis, 239;
+    ruin, iii. 92-94
+
+  Fielding, Henry, vii. 297
+
+  Fifth-monarchy men, vi. 182
+
+  Filmer, Sir Robert, vi. 171
+
+  Finance,
+    early English, ii. 103;
+    William I.'s system of, i. 186
+
+  Finch, Sir John,
+    Chief-Justice, v. 331;
+    Lord Keeper, 351
+
+  First of June, battle of the, viii. 111
+
+  Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, iii. 201;
+    his reply to Luther, 257:
+    quarrel with the Commons, 290;
+    sent to the Tower, 319;
+    beheaded, 321
+
+  Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, viii. 121, 128
+
+  Fitzgerald, Lord Thomas, iii. 328
+
+  Fitz-Hamo, Robert, ii. 48
+
+  Fitzharris, Edward, vi. 323
+
+  Fitz-Maurices, the, Earls of Desmond, ii. 377
+
+  Fitz-Maurice, James, iv. 315
+
+  Fitz-Neal, Richard, bishop of London and treasurer, i. 174, 223;
+    his _Dialogue on the Exchequer_, 174, 244
+
+  Fitz-Osbern, Roger, i. 189
+
+  Fitz-Osbern, William, i. 167, 168, 183
+
+  Fitz-Peter, Geoffry, Earl of Essex and justiciar, i. 267, 338, 339,
+      341
+
+  Fitz-Ralf, Richard, Chancellor of Oxford, ii. 295
+
+  Fitz-Stephen, Robert, i. 252
+
+  Fitz-Urse, Reginald, i. 241
+
+  Fitz-Walter, Robert,
+    captain of the Londoners, i. 305;
+    conspires against John, 335;
+    leader of the barons, 343;
+    "Marshal of the Army of God and Holy Church," 346;
+    counsels alliance with France, 355;
+    besieges Lincoln, ii. 2
+
+  Fitz-Warenne or Fitz-Warin, Fulk (the third), i. 343; ii. 42
+
+  Fitz-Warenne, Fulk (the fifth), ii. 116
+
+  Fitzwilliam, William, fourth Earl, viii. 104, 120
+
+  Five Boroughs, the, i. 117, 120
+
+  "Five members," the, v. 373-376
+
+  Flambard, Ranulf, i. 192, 199.
+
+  Flamsteed, John, vi. 166
+
+  Flanders,
+    its wool trade with England, ii. 107, 226;
+    interdict in, 219, 224;
+    alliance with Edward III., 226, 227;
+    civil strife in, 233;
+    joins Edward again, 244;
+    struggle with France, 349;
+    English gild of Merchant Adventurers in, iii. 155;
+    decay of its trade, iv. 281;
+    refugees from, in England, 305, 323;
+    attacked by France, vi. 124
+
+  Flanders, Lewis le Mâle, Count of, ii. 244, 286
+
+  Flanders, Margaret of, ii. 286
+
+  Fleet, English,
+    created by Ælfred, i. 116;
+    successes under John, 333, 337;
+    under Hubert de Burgh, ii. 2, 3;
+    repulsed from Abermenai, 54;
+    reduces Anglesea, 109;
+    victory at Sluys, 228;
+    defeated by Spaniards, 313;
+    harries the coast of Britanny, iii. 16;
+    Henry VIII.'s, iv. 28, 29;
+    Elizabeth's, 360;
+    its fight with the Armada, 361, 362;
+    declares for Charles I., vi. 59;
+    re-created by Vane, 78;
+    increased under William III., vii. 105, 107;
+    blockades Cadiz and threatens Naples, 223;
+    its share in the war with France, viii. 111, 127, 133;
+    blockades Malta, 162, 165;
+    attacks Copenhagen, 163, 180
+
+  Fleetwood, General, vi. 121, 145, 150
+
+  Flemings
+    in Pembrokeshire, ii. 48, 55;
+    settle in England under Edward III., 226;
+    besiege Bouvines, 234;
+    attack France, 244
+
+  Fletcher, Giles, v. 304
+
+  Fletcher, Phineas, v. 304
+
+  Fleurus, battles of, vii. 75; viii. 109
+
+  Flint,
+    Richard II. taken prisoner at, ii. 381;
+    castle captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 11
+
+  Flodden, battle of, iii. 210
+
+  Flood, Henry, viii. 37
+
+  Florence,
+    revival of letters at, iii. 189;
+    commercial treaty with, iv. 282
+
+  Florence of Worcester, i. 6, 173, 280
+
+  Florida,
+    Huguenot colony in, iv. 330;
+    ceded to England, vii. 307;
+    to Spain, viii. 41
+
+  Flushing pledged to Elizabeth, iv. 349
+
+  Foliot, Gilbert, his letters, i. 173
+
+  Folk, the, i. 19
+
+  "Folk-land," i. 47
+
+  Folk-moot, the, i. 19, 20.
+
+  Fontenoy, battle of, vii. 227
+
+  Ford, John, v. 303
+
+  Forests,
+    Assize of the, i. 267;
+    Charter of the, ii. 165, 166, 170;
+    Law of the, 34;
+    commission of, under Charles I., v. 277;
+    New, disafforested by Great Charter, i. 352
+
+  Forster, Thomas, vii. 184
+
+  Fort St. George (Madras), vii. 232
+
+  Fort William (Calcutta), vii. 232
+
+  Fort William (Inverness-shire), vii. 52
+
+  Fortescue, Sir Faithful, vi. 3
+
+  Fortescue, Sir John, iii. 86
+
+  Fotheringay, Mary Stuart beheaded at, iv. 352
+
+  Fougères sacked by the English, iii. 62
+
+  Fourmigny, battle of, iii. 62
+
+  _Four Masters, Annals of the_, i. 7
+
+  Fox, Edward, Bishop of Hereford, iii. 336
+
+  Fox, Richard, Bishop of Winchester, iii. 202, 216, 230, 285
+
+  Fox, Charles James,
+    leader of the Whigs, viii. 63, 64;
+    his jealousy of Shelburne, 65;
+    his India Bill, 67, 68;
+    his joy at the capture of the Bastille, 84;
+    supports the Prince's claim to the Regency, _ib._;
+    his Libel Act, 92;
+    supports Pitt in giving self-government to Canada, 92;
+    Burke's quarrel with him, _ib._;
+    returns to office, 174;
+    death, 178
+
+  Foxe's _Book of Martyrs_, iv. 3
+
+  France,
+    war of William the Conqueror with, i. 190;
+    invaded by Otto of Germany, 338;
+    regency offered to Simon of Montfort, ii. 40;
+    relations with Scotland, 141, 170, 171, 197, 213;
+    treaty with Edward I., 170;
+    claim of Edward III. to the throne, 208;
+    Edward III. declares war with, 213;
+    greatness at opening of Hundred Years' War, 215, 216;
+    relations with the papacy, 217, 224;
+    condition after battle of Poitiers, 264;
+    ravaged by Edward III., 265;
+    Edward III. renounces his claims on, 266;
+    renewal of war with, 285;
+    invaded by John of Gaunt, 287;
+    relations with Scotland and Flanders, 349;
+    truces with Richard II., 354, 368;
+    relations with Henry IV., iii. 6;
+    with the Percies, 12, 14;
+    with Owen Glyndwr, 15, 18;
+    civil war in, 16;
+    relations with the Council of Henry IV., 23, 24;
+      truce with, 26;
+    Henry V.'s claims on, 28, 29;
+      treaty with him, 35, 36;
+    political position at close of Hundred Years' War, 119;
+    relations with Maximilian and England, 170, 171;
+    growth of its power, 205, 206;
+    attacked by English, Germans, and Spaniards, 247;
+    Mary Tudor's war with, iv. 108;
+    relations with Scotland under Mary of Guise, 169-173;
+    growth of the Huguenots in, 174, 206-208;
+    Huguenot rising in, 209;
+    massacre of Protestants in, 299;
+    parties in, on death of Henry III., 369;
+    re-united under Henry IV., 373;
+    league with England and the Netherlands, v. 60;
+    alliance with Holland, 316;
+    growth of its power, vi. 113, 114;
+    treaty with Cromwell, 117;
+    its growing prosperity, 187-189;
+    alliance with England and Holland, vii. 187;
+    alliance with England and Prussia, 199;
+    position after Treaty of Utrecht, 212;
+    union with Spain, 213, 214;
+      supports her against England, 219;
+    alliance with Prussia, 221;
+    claims on America and India, 232;
+    war with England, 248, 249, 264, 265;
+    withdraws from India and America, 307;
+    policy in American war, viii. 28;
+    league with America and Spain, 30;
+    Pitt's treaty of commerce with, 79;
+    condition in the eighteenth century, 81, 82;
+    volunteers from, in Washington's army, 83;
+    revolution in, _ib._, 86, 95, 96, 101;
+    attitude towards England, 97-100;
+    attacked by the Coalition, 101;
+    royalty abolished in, _ib._;
+    attacks Holland, 102;
+    declares war on England, 103;
+    reverses in 1793, 107;
+    successes, 109, 110;
+    Directory in, 113;
+    dealings with Ireland, 121, 123-125;
+    attacks Austria and Italy, 122;
+    conquers Switzerland, 134, 135;
+    takes Rome, 136;
+    relations with Russia, _ib._, 137;
+    conquers Italy, 139;
+      forced to evacuate it, 140;
+    Consulate in, 142;
+    position after the Peace of Lunéville, 144, 145;
+    driven from Egypt, 165, 166;
+    invaded by the Allies, 202;
+    the Bourbons return to, 203;
+    Napoleon's last struggle in, 206;
+    literature of, its influence on Chaucer, ii. 359, 360
+
+  Franchise, restriction of, iii. 99-102
+
+  Francis of Assisi, St., ii. 9, 12, 13
+
+  Francis II., Emperor, viii. 96
+
+  Francis I., king of France, iii. 232;
+    campaign in Italy, 233;
+    treaties with Maximilian and Charles, 234;
+    with Henry VIII., 235;
+    meeting with Henry, 241;
+    struggle with Henry and Charles, 247;
+    defeats in Italy, 248, 250;
+    prisoner, 250;
+    treaties with Henry, 266, 270;
+    released, 267;
+    intrigues with Lutherans and Papacy, iv. 22;
+    attacks Charles, 24;
+    negotiations with Scotland, _ib._;
+    treaty with Charles, 32;
+    with Henry, 33;
+    sends explorers to America, 330
+
+  Francis (II.), of France,
+    marries Mary Stuart, iv. 53, 169;
+    king, 174;
+    treaties with Elizabeth and the Scots, 176;
+    death, 188
+
+  Franciscans (Grey Friars) in England, ii. 11
+
+  Frankfort,
+    English Protestants at, iv. 118, 119;
+    their "troubles," 127, 128
+
+  Franklin, Benjamin,
+    his plan for the defence of the American colonies, vii. 243;
+    sent as their agent to England, 326;
+    counsels submission to the Stamp Acts, 330;
+    relations with Chatham, viii. 20;
+    mission to France, 28
+
+  Frank-pledge, i. 238, 322
+
+  Frederick II., Emperor, i. 293; ii. 7, 27
+
+  Frederick III., Emperor, iii. 146, 147
+
+  Frederick, Elector Palatine,
+    marries Elizabeth of England, v. 210;
+    king of Bohemia, 217;
+    driven out, 220, 226
+
+  Frederick II., king of Prussia, vii. 220;
+    alliance with France, 221;
+    victory at Chotusitz, 223;
+    Silesia ceded to, _ib._;
+    seizes Prague, 225;
+    driven from Bohemia, _ib._;
+    victory at Hohenfriedburg, 227;
+    treaty with England, 247, 248;
+    seizes Dresden, 248;
+    victory at Prague, _ib._;
+    defeated at Kolin, _ib._;
+    victories at Rossbach, Leuthen and Zorndorf, 263;
+    defeated at Hochkirch and Kunersdorf, _ib._;
+    at Plauen, 264;
+    campaign of 1760, 302;
+    share in partition of Poland, viii. 85;
+    death, _ib._
+
+  Frederick, Prince of Wales, vii. 218
+
+  Free Companies, the, ii. 281, 282
+
+  Freeholders succeed the villeins, ii. 333
+
+  Freeman, the English, i. 11, 12;
+    sinks into the villein, 133, 321
+
+  Fréteval,
+    Henry II. and Thomas reconciled at, i. 240;
+    Richard I. surprises Philip's treasure at, 263
+
+  Friars, the, ii. 10-14;
+    Lord Bacon's comment on, 21;
+    their political influence, 22, 23;
+    character and effect of their preaching, 24;
+    attempt conversion of Jews, 127;
+    oppose Wyclif, 335
+
+  Friedland, battle of, viii. 175
+
+  Frisians in Ælfred's fleet, i. 116
+
+  "Frith" of Wedmore, i. 107
+
+  Frobisher, Martin, iv. 331, 361
+
+  Froissart, Jean, ii. 178
+
+  Fuentes d'Onore, battle of, viii. 191
+
+  Fyrd, the, i. 116, 161, 257; ii. 103, 122, 240
+
+
+  Gage, General, viii. 19
+
+  Gaimar, Geoffrey, i. 174, 247
+
+  Gainsborough, Swein dies at, i. 143
+
+  Gall, St., i. 68
+
+  Gardiner, Stephen, iii. 272, 279;
+    Bishop of Winchester, 298;
+    expelled from the Council, 348;
+    supersedes Norfolk in the king's counsels, iv. 24;
+    excluded from the regency, 46;
+    imprisoned, 54;
+    Chancellor, 74;
+    proposes Mary's marriage with Courtenay, 78;
+    his aversion to the Spanish match, 80;
+    attitude towards Rome, 87;
+    tract _On True Obedience_, _ib._;
+    change in his attitude, 88;
+    threat to the Protestant refugees, 119;
+    desires "to go roundly to work" with Elizabeth, 137;
+    death, 98
+
+  Garnet, Henry, Provincial of the Jesuits, v. 159
+
+  Garter, Order of the, founded, ii. 252
+
+  Gascony,
+    Simon of Montfort's rule in, ii. 38-40;
+    seized by Charles IV., 197;
+    restored to Edward III., 266;
+    resists the hearth-tax, 285;
+    barons appeal to France against the Black Prince, _ib._;
+    its final loss, iii. 70, 71
+
+  Gates, General, viii. 26
+
+  Gauden, Dr., vi. 72
+
+  Gaunt, Elizabeth, vii. 11
+
+  Gaunt, John of. _See_ John
+
+  Gavel-kind, i. 324
+
+  Gaveston, Piers, ii. 186-188, 190
+
+  Gay, John, vii. 161
+
+  Gemblours, battle of, iv. 312
+
+  Geneva, Calvin at, iv. 126
+
+  Genoa annexed by Napoleon, viii. 172
+
+  Genoese at battle of Crécy, ii. 236, 238
+
+  Geoffry, Archbishop of York, i. 330
+
+  Geoffry of Britanny, son of Henry II., i. 247, 254, 257
+
+  Geoffry of Monmouth, i. 246; ii. 57
+
+  George I., King, vii. 146;
+    his temper, 173;
+    foreign policy, 187-189;
+    death, 200
+
+  George, Duke of Cambridge (George II.), vii. 144;
+    his character, 173;
+    King, 200;
+    his foreign policy, 221, 223, 226, 247;
+    victory at Dettingen, 224;
+    death, 283
+
+  George III., King, vii. 283;
+    his character and aims, 284, 285;
+    importance of his action, 285, 286;
+    his power, 300;
+    relations with Pitt, 305, 316, 328, 331, 339;
+    with the Whigs, 305, 316, 328, 339;
+    with Parliament, 309;
+    urges the expulsion of Wilkes, viii. 6;
+    renews the quarrel with America, 13;
+    his personal government, 16, 17;
+    his rejoicing at the quarrel with America, 19;
+    madness, 84, 196;
+    refuses emancipation to Catholics, 154, 155, 179
+
+  George, Prince of Wales (George IV.), Regent, viii. 84, 196
+
+  Georgia, colony of, vii. 236, 237
+
+  Gerald of Wales, i. 174, 245, 246, 275, 285
+
+  Germany,
+    its relations with the Papacy, ii. 218;
+    growth of Protestantism in, iv. 31; v. 175;
+    Catholic reaction in, 176;
+    attacked by Lewis XIV., vii. 38, 48, 118
+
+  Gervase of Canterbury, i. 174
+
+  _Gesta Stephani_, i. 173
+
+  Gesith, the, i. 50
+
+  Gewissas, i. 34
+
+  Ghent,
+    Charters confirmed at, ii. 166;
+    revolt at, 233;
+    John of Gaunt born at, 293;
+    reduced by the French, 349;
+    Pacification of, iv. 310, 311
+
+  Gibbon, Edward, viii. 46
+
+  Gibraltar
+    ceded to England, vii. 142;
+    besieged by the Spaniards, 199;
+    Elliott's defence of, viii. 31, 41
+
+  Gifford, Bonaventure, vii. 26
+
+  Gilbert, Sir Humphry, iv. 345
+
+  Gilbert, William, discovers terrestrial magnetism, vi. 131
+
+  Gilbert, William, papal emissary in Ireland, iv. 317
+
+  Gildas, i. 3
+
+  Gilds, i. 298-300, 304;
+    of English Merchant Adventurers in Flanders, iii. 155;
+    of St. John at Bruges, 154;
+    of the Staple, ii. 304;
+    of tailors, i. 318;
+    of weavers, 317;
+    Ordinances of, 274;
+    suppression of, iv. 54.
+    _See_ Craft-gilds, Merchant-gild
+
+  Ginkell, General, vii. 73
+
+  Giraldus Cambrensis. _See_ Gerald
+
+  Girondists, viii. 96
+
+  Glamis, Patrick Lyon, Master of, v. 124
+
+  Glamorgan
+    conquered by Robert Fitz-Hamo, ii. 48;
+      by Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, 58
+
+  Glamorgan, Edward Somerset, Earl of, vi. 16
+
+  Glanvill, Ranulf de, i. 255, 259;
+    his treatise on law, 174, 244
+
+  Glastonbury,
+    St. Dunstan at, i. 121, 123;
+    Arthur's tomb at, 247; ii. 57
+
+  Glastonbury, Richard Whiting, abbot of, hanged, iii. 350
+
+  Glencoe, massacre of, vii. 53, 54
+
+  Glendower. _See_ Glyndwr
+
+  Gloucester,
+    northmen at, i. 106;
+    Henry III. crowned at, ii. 1;
+    seized by Edward, 76;
+    besieged by Charles I., vi. 13;
+      relieved, 14;
+    Parliament at, ii. 289, 315
+
+  Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of, iii. 33;
+    his marriage with Jacqueline, 38, 42;
+    Regent of England, 40;
+      set aside, 41;
+    Protector, _ib._;
+    his love of literature, 40, 41;
+    character, 41;
+    recovers Hainault, 42;
+    struggle with Beaufort, 44;
+    represses Lollard risings, 96;
+    retires, 58, 59;
+    arrest and death, 61;
+    his library, 161
+
+  Gloucester, Richard, Duke of. _See_ Richard
+
+  Gloucester, Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of, ii. 351, 352;
+    head of Continual Council, 353;
+    struggle with Richard II., _ib._, 354;
+    withdraws from Court, 370;
+    arrested, _ib._;
+    dies, 371
+
+  Gloucester, Richard de Clare, Earl of, ii. 64-66
+
+  Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare, Earl of,
+    supports Simon de Montfort, ii. 67, 70, 71;
+    quarrels with him, 75;
+    his policy after Evesham, 81, 85, 86, 88;
+    occupies London, 89;
+    marries Johanna of Acre, 123
+
+  Gloucester, Robert, Earl of. _See_ Robert
+
+  Gloucester, Thomas Spenser, Earl of, iii. 7
+
+  Godolphin, Sidney, vi. 315;
+    takes office, vii. 98;
+    Lord Treasurer, 112, 113;
+    supports Occasional Conformity, 123;
+    dismissed, 139
+
+  Glyndwr, Owen, iii. 9-12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 22
+
+  Godfrey, Sir Edmondsbury, vi. 294, 295
+
+  Godwine, Earl of Wessex, i. 146-153
+
+  "Goliath, Bishop," i. 248
+
+  Gondomar, Count of, v. 226, 229
+
+  Goodman, Godfrey, Bishop of Gloucester, v. 298
+
+  Goodman, Christopher, iv. 130, 131
+
+  Goodrich, Bishop of Ely, iii. 336
+
+  Gorm, king of Denmark, i. 128
+
+  Government,
+    Act of, vi. 122;
+    Instrument of, 99, 102, 105
+
+  Gower, Caxton's edition of, iii. 157
+
+  Gowrie, William Ruthven, first Earl of, v. 128, 138
+
+  Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, third Duke of, vii. 170, 340; viii.
+      4, 15
+
+  Grafton's _Chronicle_, iii. 83
+
+  Grammont, Count, _Memoirs_ of, vi. 157
+
+  Granby, John Manners, Marquis of, viii. 15
+
+  Grantmesnil, Ivo of, i. 201
+
+  Granville, John Carteret, second Earl (_see_ Carteret), vii. 225, 226
+
+  Grasse, Admiral de, viii. 40
+
+  Grattan, Henry,
+    demands repeal of Poynings' Act, viii. 37;
+    leads the Protestants in the Irish Parliament, 79;
+    strives for its reform, 117, 118, 120
+
+  Gravelines, battle of, iv. 108
+
+  "Greater and lesser folk," i. 318
+
+  Greek,
+    study of, at Canterbury, i. 92;
+    revival of, in fifteenth century, iii. 189, 190, 194, 195, 200
+
+  Greene, General, viii. 32
+
+  Greene, Robert, v. 8, 25, 26, 30, 31
+
+  Greenvil, Sir Bevil, vi. 5, 6
+
+  Greenway, Oswald, v. 159
+
+  Greenwich, Ælfheah martyred at, i. 142
+
+  Gregory the Great (Pope),
+    his interview with English slaves, i. 53;
+    sends Augustine to England, 57;
+    his _Pastoral Book_ translated by Ælfred, 114
+
+  Gregory VII., Pope, i. 187
+
+  Gregory IX., Pope, ii. 27
+
+  Gregory XIII., Pope, iv. 299;
+    urges Philip to attack Elizabeth, 301;
+    heads the Catholic movement, 306;
+    plans a descent on Ireland, 315;
+    sends Jesuits to England, 317
+
+  Grenada conquered by England, vii. 307
+
+  Grenville, William Wyndham, Lord, viii. 155;
+    leader of the Old Whigs, 156;
+    refuses office, 171;
+    accepts it, 174;
+    his Orders in Council, 178;
+    fall of his ministry, 179
+
+  Grenville, George,
+    adherent of Pitt, vii. 247, 250;
+    deserts him, 303, 328;
+    head of the Admiralty, 311;
+    prime minister, 314;
+    character and policy, 316, 317, 320;
+    death, viii. 16
+
+  Grenville, Sir Richard, iv. 370, 371
+
+  Gresham, Sir Thomas, iv. 280
+
+  Gresham College, meetings of the Royal Society at, vi. 165
+
+  Grew, Nehemiah, vi. 167
+
+  Grey, John de, Bishop of Norwich, i. 329
+
+  Grey of Ruthin, Reginald, third Lord, iii. 10
+
+  Grey of Wilton, William, thirteenth Lord, iv. 175
+
+  Grey of Wilton, Arthur, fourteenth Lord, v. 12
+
+  Grey, Lady Catharine, iv. 70, 238; v. 121
+
+  Grey, Lady Jane, iv. 69;
+    proclaimed queen, 70;
+    imprisoned, 71;
+    trial, 75;
+    beheaded, 84;
+    _Chronicle of_, 3
+
+  Grey, Lord Leonard, iii. 330
+
+  Grey, Sir John, iii. 124
+
+  Grey, Sir Thomas, iii. 30
+
+  Grimbald, Abbot of Winchester, i. 113
+
+  Grimston, Sir Harbottle, v. 324
+
+  Grindal, Edmund,
+    Protestant exile, iv. 119, 132;
+    tutor of Elizabeth, 134;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 290; v. 17;
+    Strype's _Life of_, iv. 4
+
+  Grindecobbe, William, ii. 330, 332
+
+  Grocyn, William, iii. 190, 197, 256
+
+  Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln,
+    his letters, i. 274;
+    his Constitutions, ii. 8;
+    lectures at Oxford, 14;
+    friendship with Bacon, 18;
+    remonstrates against policy of Henry III., 34;
+    friendship with Simon de Montfort, 41
+
+  Grouchy, Marshal, viii. 208, 210
+
+  Gruffydd ap Llewelyn, prince of Wales, ii. 47
+
+  Gruffydd ap Conan, prince of North Wales, ii. 54
+
+  Guader, Ralf de, i. 189
+
+  Gualchmai, ii. 52, 54
+
+  Gualo, legate, ii. 1
+
+  Guesclin, Bertrand du, ii. 281, 283-287
+
+  Guienne
+    seized by Philip the Fair, ii. 142;
+    restored to Edward III., 266;
+    the Black Prince's ravages in, 259;
+    attacked by Du Guesclin, 285;
+    attacked by Armagnac, iii. 16;
+    conquered by Charles VII., 68, 69.
+    _See_ Aquitaine
+
+  Guineas, the first, vi. 223
+
+  Guise, Francis, Duke of, iv. 108, 174, 208, 210, 216
+
+  Guise, Henry, Duke of, iv. 355, 356, 367
+
+  Guise, Mary of. _See_ Mary
+
+  Guisnes
+    ceded to Edward III., ii. 266;
+    meeting of Henry VIII. and Francis I. at, iii. 241;
+    surrendered to France, iv. 108
+
+  Gunpowder, effects of its introduction, iii. 95
+
+  Gunpowder Plot, the, v. 158, 159
+
+  Gurdon, Sir Adam, ii. 86, 87, 94
+
+  Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, v. 275, 276
+
+  Guthlac, St., i. 86
+
+  Guthrum, king of East Anglia, i. 104, 106
+
+  Guy, Bishop of Amiens, i. 6
+
+  Gwent, the, i. 34
+
+  Gwent (in Wales) rises against Eadward the Elder, i. 118
+
+  Gwynn, Nell, vi. 176; vii. 5
+
+  Gyrth, son of Godwine, i. 164
+
+  Gyrwas, i. 117
+
+  Gytha of Hordaland, i. 128
+
+
+  Hainault, Jacqueline, Countess of, iii. 38, 42, 43
+
+  Hainault, William I., Count of, ii. 198, 217
+
+  Hainault, William II., Count of, ii. 220
+
+  Hakluyt's _Voyages_, v. 10
+
+  Hale, Sir Matthew, vi. 85, 96, 200
+
+  Hales, Sir Edward, vii. 15
+
+  Hales, John, theologian, vi. 134, 136, 137
+
+  Hales, John, leader of Peasant Revolt, ii. 319
+
+  Halidon Hill, battle of, ii. 211
+
+  Halifax (Nova Scotia), its foundation, vii. 242
+
+  Halifax, George Savile, first Viscount, Earl, and Marquis of, vi. 280;
+    correspondence with Barillon, 298;
+    takes office, 301;
+    against the exclusion of James, 307;
+    plans for the succession, 308;
+    throws out the Exclusion Bill, 320;
+    his Bill of Securities, _ib._;
+    his Limitation Bill, 323;
+    advises calling a new Parliament, 334;
+    dismissed from the Privy Council, vii. 14;
+    joins William III., 43;
+    prays him to accept the Crown, 47;
+    Lord Privy Seal, 67;
+    opposes the war and the Bank, 88;
+    death, 182
+
+  Halifax, George Montague, second Earl of, vii. 242-244
+
+  Hall, Joseph, Bishop of Norwich and satirist, v. 303
+
+  Halle's _Chronicle_, iii. 83
+
+  Halley, Edmund, vi. 166
+
+  Hamilton, James, third Marquis and first Duke of, v. 275, 334-336,
+      364;
+    supports Charles I., vi. 58, 59;
+    defeated at Preston, 62;
+    executed, 72
+
+  Hamilton, William, second Duke of, vi. 82, 84
+
+  Hamilton, James, of Bothwellhaugh, iv. 271; v. 122
+
+  Hamilton, General Gustavus, vii. 58
+
+  Hamilton, Colonel, vii. 53
+
+  Hammond, Colonel, vi. 59
+
+  Hampden, Griffith, v. 320
+
+  Hampden, John,
+    his youth, v. 320;
+    in Parliament of 1621, 321;
+    resists forced loan, _ib._, 255;
+    in Parliament of 1628, 321;
+    his home, 321, 322;
+    character, 322;
+    friends and kindred, _ib._;
+    refuses to pay ship-money, 323;
+    trial of his case, 324, 330, 331;
+    judgement against him annulled, 352;
+    one of the "five members," 373;
+    urges the abolition of Episcopacy, vi. 14;
+    member of Committee of Public Safety, 1;
+    his "Greencoats," 6, 7;
+    his services in the war, 6-8;
+    fight at Chalgrove, 10;
+    death, 11;
+    burial, 12
+
+  Hampden, John, the younger, vi. 336
+
+  Hampton Court,
+    Wolsey's palace at, iii. 236, 253;
+    treaty of, iv. 209;
+    conference on religion at, v. 152
+
+  Hanover, convention of, vii. 231
+
+  Harald Fairhair, king of Norway, i. 128, 129
+
+  Harald Hardrada, king of Denmark, i. 161, 162
+
+  Harald Harefoot, king of England, i. 147
+
+  Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, first Earl of, vii. 203, 245
+
+  Hardyng's _Chronicle_, ii. 179
+
+  Harfleur taken by Henry V., iii. 30
+
+  Hargreaves, John, viii. 59
+
+  Harley, Robert, vii. 102;
+    Secretary of State, 124;
+    intrigues against Marlborough, 132;
+    dismissed, 138;
+    returns to office, 139;
+    rivalry with Bolingbroke, 143;
+    countenances the South Sea bubble, 192.
+    _See_ Oxford
+
+  Harold, son of Godwine, Earl of East Anglia, i. 150;
+    governor of the realm under Eadward, 153;
+    campaign in Wales, _ib._, ii. 47;
+    his oath to William, i. 159;
+    king, 160;
+    struggle with Tostig and Harald Hardrada, 161, 162;
+    slain at Senlac, 165
+
+  Harrington's version of Ariosto, v. 2
+
+  Harrison, General, vi. 90, 91, 195
+
+  Harry, Blind, i. 275
+
+  Harthacnut, king, i. 147, 148
+
+  Harvey, Gabriel, v. 11, 12
+
+  Harvey, William, v. 52, 55; vi. 131
+
+  Haselrig, Arthur,
+    one of the Five Members, v. 373;
+    charges against him, vi. 85;
+    opposes the dissolution of the Rump, 89;
+    in Parliament of 1654, 101;
+    denies the legality of the government, 102;
+    demands the dismissal of Fleetwood and Lambert, 150
+
+  Hasting, i. 116, 117
+
+  Hastings, battle of, i. 162-165
+
+  Hastings, John, second Lord, claimant of Scotland, ii. 136
+
+  Hastings (of Ashby), William, first Lord, iii. 163, 164
+
+  Hastings, Henry, Lord, iv. 70.
+    _See_ Huntingdon
+
+  Hastings, Warren, viii. 31, 50, 51
+
+  Havana conquered by England, vii. 307
+
+  Havre
+    surrendered to Elizabeth, iv. 210;
+    capitulates to France, 217
+
+  Hawarden Castle captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 11
+
+  Hawke, Admiral, vii. 265
+
+  Hawkesbury, Robert Banks Jenkinson, Lord, viii. 157.
+    _See_ Liverpool
+
+  Hawkins, John, iv. 283, 361
+
+  Hawley, General, vii. 229
+
+  Haxey, Sir Thomas, ii. 370
+
+  Hayward's _Life of Edward VI._, iv. 3;
+    his _Annals_, _ib._, 4
+
+  Heathenism, its struggle with Christianity in England, i. 65, 66,
+      70-73
+
+  Heathfield, battle of the, i. 66
+
+  Heaven's Field, battle of, i. 67
+
+  Hebrides, Northmen in the, i. 129
+
+  Hemingford or Heminburh, Walter of, ii. 177
+
+  Hengest, i. 31, 49
+
+  Henrietta Maria of France, wife of Charles I., v. 241, 376; vi. 4
+
+  Henrietta, Duchess of Orleans, vi. 192, 257
+
+  Henry I., King, i. 198;
+    charter and marriage, _ib._, 199;
+    relations with the English people, 198, 200-202;
+    with the barons, 202;
+    conquers Normandy, _ib._;
+    dealings with Wales, ii. 48;
+    his rule, i. 203-205;
+    administration, 205, 206;
+    death, 214;
+    literature at his court, 246;
+    his charter produced by Langton, 340;
+    his charter to London, 304;
+      to Oxford, 309;
+    "Laws" of, 339
+
+  Henry (II.) Fitz-Empress, i. 226;
+    comes to England, 227;
+    treaty with Stephen, _ib._;
+    king, 228;
+    person and character, 229-231;
+    results of his rule, 231;
+    first measures, 232;
+    Welsh war, _ib._; ii. 53, 54;
+    extent of his continental dominions, i. 232, 233;
+    war of Toulouse, 233;
+    relations with the barons, _ib._;
+      with the Church, 235-237, 253;
+    struggle with Thomas, 236, 237, 239, 240;
+    penance at his shrine, 255;
+    legal reforms, 235-239, 255, 256;
+    reforms of the King's Court, ii. 110, 111;
+    visits Arthur's tomb at Glastonbury, i. 247; ii. 57, 58;
+    dealings with Ireland, i. 250, 251, 253;
+    rebellions against him, 254, 255;
+    receives homage of Scotland, i. 255; ii. 134;
+    reorganizes the fyrd, 257;
+    revolt of his sons, _ib._;
+    introduces taxation of personal property, _ib._;
+    death, 258;
+    charter to Oxford, 309
+
+  Henry III., King,
+    crowned, ii. 1;
+    crowned again, 5;
+    character and policy, 25, 26;
+    relations with Rome, 26, 27, 59;
+    campaigns in Britanny and Poitou, 29;
+    quarrel with Hubert de Burgh, _ib._;
+    personal government, 31;
+    marriage, 32;
+    foreign favourites, _ib._, 33;
+    misrule, 34;
+    confirms Charter, _ib._;
+    second campaign in Poitou, 35;
+    quarrels with Simon of Montfort, 39, 40;
+    contributes to Matthew Paris's _Chronicle_, 44;
+    goes to France, 64;
+    forbids summoning of Parliament, _ib._;
+    gets the Provisions of Oxford annulled by the Pope, 65;
+    tries to surprise Simon at Southwark, 69;
+    prisoner, 71;
+    vengeance after Evesham, 79, 83;
+    dies, 90
+
+  Henry (IV.), Earl of Derby, son of John of Gaunt, ii. 351;
+    one of the Lords Appellant, 353;
+    position and policy, 369;
+    supports Richard II., 370;
+    Duke of Hereford, 372;
+    quarrel with Norfolk, _ib._;
+    exiled, _ib._;
+    returns, 373, 379;
+    captures Richard II. at Flint, 381;
+    king, iii. 2;
+    relations with Parliament, 3, 4;
+      with the Church, 4;
+      with France, 6;
+      with the lords, 7;
+    plot against him, 8;
+    marches against Scotland, 9;
+      against Owen Glyndwr, 10, 11;
+    imprisons James of Scotland, 15, 16;
+    epilepsy, 22;
+    struggle with council and Parliament, 23-25;
+    vow of crusade, 25;
+    death, _ib._
+
+  Henry (V.), son of Henry of Lancaster, ii. 378;
+    his campaigns in Wales, iii. 10, 17, 18, 22;
+    person and character, 17, 18;
+    friendship with Oldcastle, 20, 27;
+    policy, 22;
+    struggle with the council, 24, 25;
+    king, 25;
+    coronation, 26;
+    first measures, _ib._;
+    action against Lollards, 27;
+    claims French crown, 28;
+    plot against him, 30;
+    takes Harfleur, _ib._;
+    victory at Agincourt, 30-32;
+    alliance with Burgundy, 32;
+    conquers Normandy, 33, 34;
+    marriage and treaty with France, 35;
+    enters Paris, 36;
+    captures Dreux, _ib._;
+    repulsed from Orleans, _ib._;
+    besieges Meaux, _ib._;
+    his plans, 37, 38;
+    death, 36;
+    _Life of_, by Titus Livius, iii. 41;
+    authorities for his reign, ii. 179
+
+  Henry VI., king, iii. 39;
+    crowned at Paris, 55;
+    his court at Rouen, _ib._;
+    struggle with York, 68-70;
+    idiotcy, 71;
+    recovers, 72;
+    prisoner, 74, 75;
+    escapes to Scotland, 80;
+    recaptured, 123, 127;
+    sent to the Tower, 127;
+    restored, 139;
+    imprisoned again, 142;
+    death, 145;
+    library, 161;
+    authorities for his reign, ii. 179, 180
+
+  Henry (VII.) Tudor, iii. 145;
+    early life, 165, 166;
+    expedition to England, 167;
+    goes to France, 171;
+    lands at Milford Haven, _ib._;
+    victory at Bosworth, 172;
+    person and character, 173;
+    title to the crown, 174, 175;
+    marriage, 175;
+    his government, 176-178;
+    expedition to France, 179, 180;
+    dealings with Ireland, 181, 182;
+    with Scotland, 184, 185;
+    with Spain, 186-188;
+    patronage of Caxton, 161;
+    chapel at Westminster, 174;
+    death, 198;
+    _Lives of_, 83
+
+  Henry (VIII.), son of Henry VII.,
+    betrothed to Catharine of Aragon, iii. 187;
+    king, 198;
+    person and tastes, _ib._, 199;
+    protects the New Learning, 202, 204;
+    temper, 204;
+    policy towards France, 205, 207;
+    marries Catharine, 207;
+    relations with Ferdinand, _ib._;
+    attempt on France, 209, 210;
+    treaty with Lewis XII., 232;
+    with Charles, 233;
+    relations with Charles, 235;
+    treaty with Francis, _ib._;
+    seeks the Empire, 240;
+    designs on France, _ib._;
+    interview with Charles, 241;
+      with Francis, _ib._;
+    league with Charles and the Pope, 243;
+    financial difficulties, _ib._, 244, 251, 252;
+    new alliance with Charles, 250;
+    supports the Papacy, 255;
+    his _Assertion of the Seven Sacraments_, _ib._;
+    named "Defender of the Faith," _ib._;
+    protects Latimer, 263, 265;
+    treaties with France, 266, 270;
+    joins the Holy League, 266;
+    seeks a divorce, 268, 272;
+    relations with Anne Boleyn, 267, 270, 273, 274, 276;
+      with Parliament, 288;
+    forbids the circulation of Tyndale's Bible, 290;
+    appeals to the Universities about his divorce, 292;
+    claims to be "Head of the Church," 296;
+    banishes Catharine from his house, 298;
+    league with France, 302;
+    threatened with excommunication, _ib._;
+    marries Anne Boleyn, 303;
+    takes title of "Supreme Head of the Church," 306;
+    Cromwell's hold over him, 313, 314;
+    marries Jane Seymour, 326;
+    dealings with Ireland, 327, 328, 330-333;
+    turns to the Lutherans, 335, 336;
+    his Articles of Religion, 337, 338;
+    attitude towards Protestantism, 345;
+    excommunicated, 350;
+    marries Anne of Cleves, 351;
+    divorces Anne and marries Catharine Howard, iv. 17;
+    marries Catharine Parr, 24;
+    dealings with Scotland, 25-29;
+    alliance with Charles, 27;
+    campaign in France, 30;
+    treaty with Francis, 33;
+    financial difficulties, 34;
+    offers aid to the League of Schmalkald, 36;
+    drift of his religious policy, 37;
+    address to Parliament in 1545, 38;
+    his scheme for union of England and Scotland, 52;
+    death, 45;
+    will, 46, 69
+
+  Henry V., Emperor, i. 208
+
+  Henry VI., Emperor, i. 262
+
+  Henry II., king of France, iv. 53, 65, 174
+
+  Henry III., king of France (_see_ Anjou), iv. 301, 348, 356, 367, 368
+
+  Henry, king of Navarre, iv. 348, 355, 367;
+    king of France (Henry IV.), 368;
+    victory at Ivry, 369;
+    besieges Paris, _ib._;
+    besieges Rouen, 371;
+    conversion, 372;
+    assassinated, v. 178
+
+  Henry, son of Henry II.,
+    betrothed to Margaret of France, i. 233;
+    crowned, 240;
+    rebels, 254, 257;
+    dies, 257
+
+  Henry of Almaine, ii. 87
+
+  Henry, Bishop of Winchester, i. 224, 225
+
+  Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, i. 264
+
+  Henry, son of David I. of Scotland, ii. 134
+
+  Henry of Essex, ii. 54
+
+  Henry of Trastamara, ii. 282-284, 287
+
+  Herbert, Arthur,
+    carries the invitation to William III., vii. 35;
+    Earl of Torrington, 68, 75
+
+  Herbert, George, v. 113, 303
+
+  Herbert, Philip, Lord, vi. 101
+
+  Herbert, Sir Thomas, v. 72
+
+  Hereford, Humfrey de Bohun, Earl of. _See_ Bohun
+
+  Hereford, Henry, Duke of. _See_ Henry IV.
+
+  Hereward, i. 170
+
+  Herford, Nicholas, ii. 336, 339, 341, 343
+
+  Herrick, Robert, v. 303
+
+  Herrings, battle of the, iii. 46
+
+  Hertford, Edward Seymour, Earl of, iv. 41;
+    expedition to Scotland, _ib._, 29;
+    head of the "new men," 45, 46;
+    sends aid to the German Protestants, 50.
+    _See_ Somerset
+
+  Hertford, Edward Seymour, first Earl of, v. 121
+
+  Hertfordshire, royalist rising in, vi. 59
+
+  Hexham,
+    battle of, iii. 123;
+    chroniclers of, i. 173, 243
+
+  Heywood, Thomas, v. 42
+
+  Heyworth Moor, meeting of Yorkshire freeholders at, v. 378
+
+  Higden, Ralph, ii. 356;
+    Caxton's edition of, iii. 157
+
+  Highlands,
+    rising in, under Montrose, vi. 23;
+      under Dundee, vii. 52;
+      under Mar, 183;
+      under Charles Edward, 228;
+    conquest of, 230, 231
+
+  Hild, abbess of Streoneshealh, i. 77
+
+  Hilsey, Bishop of Rochester, iii. 336
+
+  History, English,
+    its beginning, i. 31;
+    compilation of, under Ælfred, 115;
+    new school of, under Henry II., 173, 174, 244;
+    revival under Elizabeth, v. 3, 4;
+    municipal, materials for, i. 274
+
+  Hoard, the, at Winchester, i. 180, 188
+
+  Hobbes, Thomas, vi. 138-141, 170
+
+  Hoby, Sir Edward, v. 57
+
+  Hoche, General, viii. 121, 123, 124
+
+  Hochkirch, battle of, vii. 263
+
+  Hohenfriedburg, battle of, vii. 227
+
+  Hohenlinden, battle of, viii. 143
+
+  Holinshed's _History_, iii. 83
+
+  Holland,
+    its alliance with France, v. 316;
+    recognizes Charles II., vi. 70;
+    relations with the Commonwealth, 81;
+    war with England, 86, 88;
+    alliance with Cromwell, 116;
+    relations with Charles II., 186, 187;
+    quarrel with England, 223, 224;
+    war, 225, 226, 238, 239, 242;
+    policy of Lewis XIV. towards, 251;
+    war with England, 261, 268;
+    attacked by Lewis, 268;
+    declares war against him, vii. 49;
+    acknowledges Philip V. as king of Spain, 101;
+    alliance with England, 102, 105;
+      with England and France, 187;
+      with England and Prussia, viii. 85;
+    attacked by France, 102;
+    conquered, 110;
+    made a kingdom for Louis Buonaparte, 185;
+    annexed by Napoleon, 199
+
+  Holland, Henry Rich, first Earl of, vi. 62, 72
+
+  Hollis, Denzil, v. 373;
+    member of Committee of Public Safety, vi. 1;
+    his policy in 1646, 48, 49;
+    ecclesiastical policy, 50;
+    his expulsion demanded, 54;
+    takes office under Charles II., 301;
+    his _Memoirs_, v. 72
+
+  Holmby House, Charles I. seized at, vi. 53
+
+  Holy Island (Lindisfarne), i. 69
+
+  Homildon Hill, battle of, iii. 12
+
+  _Homilies, Book of_, iv. 59
+
+  Honorius III., Pope, ii. 1
+
+  Hood, Samuel, first Baron and Viscount, viii. 109
+
+  Hooke, Robert, vi. 166
+
+  Hooker, Richard, v. 110-112
+
+  Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, iv. 61, 91, 120
+
+  Hopton, Sir Ralph, vi. 5, 6
+
+  Horder (treasurer), the, i. 132
+
+  Horne, Robert, iv. 119
+
+  Horsa, i. 31
+
+  Horse-thegn (constable), i. 132
+
+  Hospitals, suppression of, iv. 34
+
+  Hotham, Sir John, v. 378
+
+  Hough, John, President of Magdalen College, Oxford, vii. 25, 26
+
+  Hounslow, camp at, vii. 16
+
+  Howard of Effingham, Charles, second Lord, iv. 358, 360, 361
+
+  Howard of Escrick, Edward, first Lord, v. 343
+
+  Howard of Escrick, William, third Lord, vi. 336
+
+  Howard, John, viii. 48-50
+
+  Howard, Catharine, iv. 17, 24
+
+  Howard, Frances, Countess of Essex, v. 190-193;
+    of Somerset, 193, 205-207
+
+  Howard, Sir Robert, iii. 286
+
+  Howards, the, iii. 286
+
+  Howe, Richard, first Earl, viii. 111
+
+  Howe, John, vi. 210;
+    refuses the Indulgence, vii. 22
+
+  Howe, General Sir William, viii. 23, 25
+
+  Howel Dda, Laws of, ii. 46
+
+  Howden, Roger of, i. 174, 244
+
+  Hrolf the Ganger, i. 154, 155
+
+  Hubert Walter, Bishop of Salisbury, i. 262;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury and justiciar, _ib._;
+    his administration, 264;
+    puts down tumult in London, 320;
+    resigns justiciarship, 267;
+    opposes John, 328;
+    dies, 329
+
+  Hubertsberg, treaty of, vii. 306
+
+  Huddleston, Father John, vii. 4
+
+  Hugh, St., Bishop of Lincoln, i. 174, 267
+
+  Hugh, St. (martyr), of Lincoln, ii. 127
+
+  Hugh the Wolf, Earl of Chester, ii. 47
+
+  Huguenots, iv. 174-176;
+    supported by Elizabeth, 189;
+    growth of their power, 206-208;
+    rising of, 209;
+    treaty with Elizabeth, _ib._, 210;
+      with Catharine, 217;
+    defeated at Jarnac, 267;
+    at Montcontour, 268;
+    massacre of, 299;
+    refugees at Canterbury, 306;
+    settle in Florida, iv. 330;
+    persecuted by Lewis XIV., vi. 317, 335; vii. 13;
+    fly to England, 14
+
+  Hull, Charles I. refused admittance to, v. 378
+
+  Humbert, General, viii. 130
+
+  Hundred, the, i. 19, 47
+
+  Hundred-court, the, i. 20;
+    preserved by William I., 185, 186;
+    grand jury elected in, 264
+
+  Hundred-Rolls, ii. 117
+
+  Hundred Years' War,
+    its beginning, ii. 213;
+    change in its character, iii. 29;
+    its effects, ii. 214, 215; iii. 103, 104
+
+  Huntingdon
+    reduced by Eadward, i. 119;
+    granted to David of Scotland, ii. 134
+
+  Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, third Earl of (_see_ Hastings), iv. 268
+
+  Huntingdon, John Holland, Earl of (Duke of Exeter), iii. 7, 8
+
+  Huntingdon, Henry of, i. 4, 173, 243
+
+  Huntly, Alexander Gordon, fourth Earl of, iv. 199, 205
+
+  Huntly, George Gordon, fifth Earl of, iv. 226
+
+  Huntly, George Gordon, sixth Earl of, v. 139, 140
+
+  Huntly, George Gordon, second Marquis of, v. 336, 337
+
+  Hus-carls,
+    Cnut's, i. 144, 146;
+    Harthacnut's, 148;
+    Harold's, 163, 164
+
+  Huss, John, ii. 349
+
+  Hussey, John, Lord, iii. 322, 325
+
+  Hutchinson, Colonel, v. 81, 97;
+    _Memoirs of_, 72
+
+  Hutten, Ulrich von, iii. 256
+
+  Hwiccas, i. 66
+
+  Hyde, Anne, vi. 221
+
+  Hyde, Edward, v. 362;
+    organizes the Royalist party in Parliament, 367;
+    joins Charles I. at York, 378;
+    Chancellor of the Exchequer, vi. 205.
+    _See_ Clarendon
+
+  Hyde, Lawrence, vi. 315, 334
+
+  Hyder Ali, viii. 131
+
+
+  Iceland colonized by Northmen, i. 129
+
+  Ida the Flame-bearer, i. 52
+
+  Impositions of James I., v. 160
+
+  Income-tax, viii. 137
+
+  Independents, v. 308;
+    emigrate to America, _ib._, 310;
+    return, vi. 28;
+    their petition to Charles II., 200
+
+  India,
+    Ælfred's intercourse with, i. 109, 113;
+    English settlements in, vii. 232;
+    French attack on, 233;
+    Portuguese settlements in, 232;
+    French withdraw from, 307;
+    Warren Hastings' rule in, viii. 31, 32, 50;
+    Fox's scheme for its government, 67, 68;
+    Buonaparte's designs on, 131, 132
+
+  Indulgence,
+    first Declaration of, vi. 219, 220;
+      second, 262, 273;
+      third, vii. 22;
+      fourth, 29, 30
+
+  Ine, king of Wessex, i. 89, 90
+
+  Ingelger of Anjou, i. 209
+
+  Innocent III., Pope,
+    quashes elections to Canterbury, i. 329;
+    appoints Stephen Langton, 330;
+    lays England under interdict, _ib._;
+    sentences John to deposition, 333;
+    annuls the Charter, excommunicates the barons, and suspends Langton,
+        354
+
+  Interdict
+    in England, i. 330, 331;
+    in Flanders, ii. 219, 224
+
+  "Interim," the, iv. 51
+
+  Inquisition, the, iv. 31, 101
+
+  Inverlochy, battle of, vi. 38
+
+  Iona, i. 69
+
+  Ireland,
+    materials for early history of, i. 7, 8;
+    its condition after the Danish invasions, 249, 250;
+    slave-trade with Bristol, 250;
+    bull for conquest of, 251;
+    Anglo-Norman invasion of, 252;
+    Henry II. in, 253;
+    Gerald de Barri's treatises on, 245, 285;
+    students from, at Oxford, 291;
+    condition after the Norman invasion, ii. 373-375;
+    barons of, rise against John, i. 332, 333;
+    John in, ii. 375, 376;
+    Gaveston in, 187;
+    Edward Bruce's expedition to, 376;
+    condition under Edward III., 377;
+    Richard II. in, 367, 378;
+    Henry VII.'s dealings with, iii. 181, 182;
+    condition under Henry VIII., 326, 327;
+    conquest of, 328-330;
+    Henry's government of, 330-333;
+    effects of Cromwell's ecclesiastical policy in, 339-342;
+    attempts to force the Reformation on, iv. 62, 63;
+    condition under Mary, 109-111;
+    trade with Bristol, iv. 282;
+    condition under Elizabeth, 314, 315;
+    rising in, 315, 316;
+    condition after the fall of Smerwick, v. 61;
+    rising in, under Hugh O'Neill, 62;
+    condition under James I., 287, 288;
+    Wentworth's rule in, 290-292, 364;
+    rising in, 365;
+    Charles I.'s dealings with, vi. 16;
+    success of Ormond's diplomacy in, 71;
+    Royalist successes in, 75;
+    Cromwell's campaign in, 76, 77, 79;
+    proposal for its union with England, 84, 86;
+    its first representation in the English Parliament, 99;
+    Cromwell's conquest and settlement of, 109, 110;
+    first union with England, 110;
+      union dissolved, 180;
+    condition under Charles II., 181, 182;
+      under James II., vii. 17, 55-59;
+    war in, between James and William, 70-72;
+    William's conquest of, 73, 74;
+    relations with England, viii. 33;
+    condition in eighteenth century, 34-36;
+    demand for independence, 37, 38;
+    made independent, 39;
+    Pitt's dealings with, 78, 117, 118;
+    peasant risings in, 119;
+    Hoche's descent on, 124;
+    panic in, _ib._, 125;
+    revolt in, 129;
+    second union with England, 139
+
+  Ireton, Henry,
+    supports the Independents, vi. 45;
+    his influence with the army, 51;
+    policy, 54, 56, 57, 81;
+    Irish campaign and death, 109;
+    his corpse outraged, 201
+
+  Irishmen, United, viii. 118-120, 127, 128
+
+  Iron,
+    manufactures of, iv. 279;
+    mines, i. 30; ii. 107;
+    trade in eighteenth century, viii. 54, 57
+
+  Isabel I., queen of Castille, iii. 186, 187
+
+  Isabella of Angoulême, wife of King John, ii. 33
+
+  Isabella of France, wife of Edward II., ii. 186, 197, 198, 207, 208
+
+  Isabella of France, wife of Richard II., ii. 368
+
+  Isabella, daughter of Philip II. of Spain, iv. 372; v. 121
+
+  Islip, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 290
+
+  Italy,
+    the Renascence in, iii. 189, 190;
+    northern, conquered by Charles VIII. of France, 206;
+      by Francis I., 233;
+      by Buonaparte, viii. 122, 123, 125
+
+  _Itinerarium Cambriæ_, i. 274
+
+  _Itinerarium Regis Ricardi_, i. 174
+
+  Ivar the Boneless, i. 104
+
+  Ivry, battle of, iv. 369
+
+
+  "Jack the Carter," ii. 318
+
+  "Jack the Miller," ii. 318
+
+  "Jack Trewman," ii. 318
+
+  Jackson, General, viii. 205
+
+  Jacobins, viii. 96
+
+  Jacobites, vii. 68;
+    their plots, 102, 103, 105;
+    relations with the Tories, 166-168;
+    rise in 1715, 183, 184;
+      in 1745, 228-230
+
+  Jacquerie, the, ii. 265
+
+  Jamaica conquered by the English, vi. 117
+
+  James (I.), son of Robert III. of Scotland, iii. 15;
+    prisoner in England, 16;
+    king, _ib._, 183;
+    murdered, 184
+
+  James IV., king of Scots, iii. 184, 185, 210
+
+  James V., king of Scots, iii. 248; iv. 23, 25, 26
+
+  James (VI.) of Scotland,
+    born, iv. 231;
+    crowned, 259;
+    relations with Lennox and the Guises, 346;
+    alliance with Elizabeth, 350;
+    relations with Essex and Robert Cecil, v. 63;
+    king of England, 122;
+    his early life, 122-124;
+    character and purpose, 124, 125;
+    struggle with the nobles, 128;
+      with the Kirk, 133, 134, 139-143;
+    his _Basilikon Dôron_, 143;
+    enters London, 146;
+    person and character, 146-148;
+    policy, 144, 149, 150;
+    gives relief to the Catholics, 150;
+    refuses Puritan demands, 152, 153;
+    proposes union with Scotland, 154;
+    takes title of King of Great Britain, 155;
+    his impositions, 160, 161;
+    struggle with the Assembly and the Kirk, 164-166;
+      with English law, 168;
+    his _True Law of Free Monarchy_, 169;
+    his theory of monarchy, _ib._, 170;
+    financial straits, 172;
+    struggle with Parliament, 179-182;
+    his own minister, 185, 186;
+    sets aside the council, 187;
+    his favourites, 188, 189;
+    backs the divorce of Lady Essex, 190, 191, 193;
+    immorality of his court, 193, 194;
+    summons Parliament, 195;
+      dissolves it, 196;
+    revives benevolences, 197, 198, 229;
+    checks the growth of London, 198, 199;
+    increases the peerage, 200;
+    relations with the judges, 201, 202;
+    dismisses Coke, 202;
+    policy towards Spain, 211, 212;
+      towards Germany and Bohemia, 218, 219;
+    revives monopolies, 222;
+    quarrel with Parliament, 228, 229;
+    tears its Protestation, 229;
+    overborne by Buckingham, 235;
+    death, 239;
+    letters of, iv. 4;
+    authorities for his reign, v. 71
+
+  James, duke of York (King James II.), vi. 182;
+    Lord Admiral, 193;
+    marries Anne Hyde, 221;
+    fight with Opdam off Lowestoft, 225;
+    conversion, 255;
+    fight with De Ruyter, 268;
+    owns himself a Catholic and resigns his office, 274;
+    second marriage, 278;
+    exempted from the act excluding Catholics from Parliament, 297;
+    sent to Brussels, 300;
+    plans for excluding him from the succession, 306;
+    recalled, 310;
+    goes to Scotland, _ib._;
+    again recalled, 315, 335;
+    king, vii. 5;
+    his character, _ib._, 6;
+    first measures, 6, 7;
+    increases the army, 11;
+    relations with France, 12;
+    refuses to let William visit England, _ib._;
+    dealings with the Catholics and the Parliament, 14, 15;
+      with the judges, 15;
+    establishes a camp at Hounslow, 16;
+    restores the High Commission, 18;
+    struggle with the Tory nobles, 19-21;
+    issues Declarations of Indulgence, 22, 29;
+    attempts to pack Parliament, 23, 29;
+    dealings with the Universities, 24-26;
+    relations with William of Orange, 26-28;
+    struggle with the seven bishops, 30, 31;
+    reinforces his army with Irish troops, 33;
+    sides with Lewis against the Empire and Holland, 36;
+    reverses his policy, 39;
+    flight, 42-44;
+    received as king by Lewis, 49;
+    policy in Ireland, 55;
+    lands at Kinsale, 56;
+    his rule at Dublin, 58, 59;
+    returns to France, 71;
+    his plans, 77;
+    death, 106;
+    his _Autobiography_, vi. 157, 158
+
+  James, William, ii. 340
+
+  Jamestown, foundation of, v. 308
+
+  Jarnac, battle of, iv. 267
+
+  Jarrow, i. 91, 92;
+    plundered by northmen, 101
+
+  Jeanne d'Arc, iii. 46-55;
+    _Procès de_, ii. 179
+
+  Jeffreys, George, Chief-Justice, vii. 10, 19;
+    Lord Chancellor, 31
+
+  Jehan le Bel, ii. 178
+
+  Jemappes, battle of, viii. 101
+
+  Jena, battle of, viii. 174
+
+  Jenkins's ear, vii. 217
+
+  Jenkinson, Charles (first earl of Liverpool), vii. 311
+
+  Jenkinson's Travels, v. 9
+
+  Jersey, Charles II. in, vi. 78
+
+  Jerusalem,
+    Ælfred's intercourse with, i. 113;
+    taken by Saladin, 257
+
+  Jervis, Admiral, viii. 127
+
+  Jesuits,
+    Order of, founded, iv. 31, 101;
+    missionaries in England, 317-320, 353;
+    banished, v. 156;
+    return, vii. 16;
+    in England, materials for their history, iv. 5
+
+  Jewel, John, iv. 119, v. 106
+
+  Jews in England, i. 187, ii. 125, 130, 284, 307;
+    expelled, ii. 131;
+    return, vi. 112
+
+  Joan of Arc. _See_ Jeanne
+
+  Joan, daughter of Edward II., ii. 206
+
+  Joan of Kent, wife of the Black Prince, ii. 293, 306
+
+  Jocelin of Brakelond, i. 174
+
+  Johanna, daughter of King John, ii. 54
+
+  Johanna, daughter of Edward I., ii. 123
+
+  John of Beverley, St., i. 77
+
+  John, son of Henry II., i. 258;
+    Lord of Ireland, ii. 374;
+    struggle with Longchamp, i. 260, 261;
+      with Hubert Walter, _ib._;
+    king, 268;
+    victory at Mirebeau, _ib._;
+    loses his French dominions, 269;
+    his character, 326-328;
+    prepares for war with France, 328;
+    Welsh rise against him, 333;
+    his continental alliances, _ib._, 334;
+    campaigns in Wales, ii. 54, 55;
+    struggle with the Church, i. 329-331;
+    relations with the baronage, 332, 338;
+    sentenced by the Pope to deposition, 333;
+    becomes the Pope's vassal, 337;
+    absolved, 338;
+    struggle with Langton, 340, 341;
+    goes to France, 342;
+    defeat and return, 343;
+    struggle with the barons, 344-347;
+    assents to Great Charter, 348, 353;
+    gets it annulled by the Pope, 354;
+    takes Rochester and marches on the north, _ib._;
+    struggle with Lewis of France, 355;
+    divides the Pale into counties, ii. 376;
+    charter to Oxford, i. 309;
+    death, 356;
+    his submission to the Pope repudiated by Parliament, ii. 275
+
+  John, king of Bohemia, ii. 236, 239
+
+  John, duke of Normandy, ii. 234, 235;
+    king of France, 258;
+    Normandy rises against, 259;
+    campaign against the Black Prince, 260, 261;
+    prisoner, 262, 263;
+    death, 281
+
+  John of Austria, Don, iv. 310-312
+
+  John of Cambridge, prior of St. Edmund's, ii. 329
+
+  John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, ii. 287, 293, 294;
+    position and policy, 302, 303;
+    corrupt administration, 303;
+    opposed by the Good Parliament, 305-307;
+    action after its dismissal, 307;
+    attacks Wykeham, 308;
+    supports Wyclif, 309;
+    withdraws from court, 311;
+    expedition to St. Malo, 315;
+    turns against Wyclif, 337, 341;
+    goes to Spain, 350;
+    intercedes for the Lords Appellant, 354;
+    patron of Chaucer, 359;
+    Aquitaine granted to, 369;
+    death, 373
+
+  John the Litster, ii. 325, 331
+
+  John of London, pupil of Roger Bacon, ii. 16
+
+  John of Northampton, mayor of London, ii. 345, 350
+
+  John the Old Saxon, i. 113
+
+  John of Salisbury, i. 173, 174, 250, 282, 283, 285
+
+  Johnson, Samuel, vii. 204, 217; viii. 11
+
+  Jonson, Ben, v. 42
+
+  Joseph II., emperor, viii. 81, 85, 86
+
+  Journalism, developement of, in the eighteenth century, vii. 298
+
+  Juana of Castille, wife of Philip of Austria, iii. 186, 208
+
+  Judges,
+    limitations of their powers, ii. 110, 111;
+    circuits of, i. 207;
+    organized by Henry II., 256;
+    regulated by the Great Charter, 350
+
+  Julius II., Pope, iii. 187, 188, 209, 274
+
+  Julius III., Pope, iv. 86
+
+  Junius, viii. 9
+
+  Junto, the, vii. 85
+
+  Jurors, two classes of, i. 238;
+    their functions in the Shire Court, ii. 149
+
+  Jury,
+    trial by, its origin, i. 238;
+    the Grand, _ib._;
+      mode of its election, 264;
+    petty, 239
+
+  Justice
+    in Old England, i. 12, 13, 49;
+    Henry II.'s organization of, 256;
+    administration of, in towns, 297;
+    provisions for, in Great Charter, 350, 352
+
+  Justices of the Peace, ii. 123
+
+  Justiciar, the, i. 206;
+    barons claim right of electing, ii. 38, 60;
+    made responsible to Permanent Council, 61
+
+  Jutes, the,
+    their early home, i. 10;
+    land in Thanet, 31, 32;
+    their victories in Kent, 33;
+    settlements in Wight and along Southampton Water, 85
+
+  Juxon, bishop of London and treasurer, v. 298
+
+
+  Ken, Thomas, bishop of Bath and Wells, vii. 4
+
+  Kenilworth,
+    the younger Simon de Montfort defeated at, ii. 76;
+    Richard of Cornwall prisoner at, 80:
+    its garrison refuse to surrender, 86;
+      surrender, 89;
+    Edward II. in ward at, 199;
+    Henry VI. at, iii. 66;
+    Ban of, ii. 87-89;
+    "Round Table" of, 95
+
+  Kent,
+    conquest of, i. 33;
+    its rise under Æthelberht, 56;
+    conversion, 59;
+    relations with Eadwine, 64;
+    conquered by Ine, 90;
+    submits to Mercia, 91, 98;
+    revolts against Offa, 98;
+    against William I., 167;
+    risings in, ii. 319; iii. 64;
+    Complaint of the Commons of, iii. 65, 66;
+    resists benevolences, 251;
+    Protestant martyrs in, iv. 96;
+    iron manufactures in, 279;
+    royalist rising in, vi. 59, 61
+
+  Kent, West, kingdom of, i. 83
+
+  Kent, Edmund, earl of, son of Edward I., ii. 206, 207
+
+  Kent, Joan of, ii. 293, 306
+
+  Kent, Thomas Holland, earl of (duke of Surrey), iii. 7, 8
+
+  Kent, the Nun of, iii. 319
+
+  Kerry, rising in, iv. 315
+
+  Ketel of St. Edmund's, i. 313
+
+  Kildare, Gerald Fitzgerald, eighth Earl of, iii. 175, 181, 182
+
+  Kildare, Gerald Fitzgerald, ninth Earl of, iii. 328
+
+  Killiecrankie, battle of, vii. 52
+
+  Killigrew, Tom, vi. 175
+
+  Kilmarnock, William Boyd, fourth Earl of, vii. 230
+
+  Kilsyth, battle of, vi. 41
+
+  King, the, i. 48;
+    nature and limits of his power, 49, 132;
+    his "comrades," 50-52;
+    increase of his importance through struggle with northmen, 131;
+    his household officers become officers of state, 132;
+    relations with England after loss of Normandy, 326;
+    his revenue, ii. 103;
+    relations with Parliament, 181-183;
+    position at opening of Wars of the Roses, iii. 85, 86;
+    the Convention's settlement of his position, vi. 197;
+    in Council, i. 256; ii. 110, 111.
+    _See_ Monarchy
+
+  King's Bench, court of, ii. 109
+
+  King's County, English settlement of, iv. 111
+
+  King's Court, the, i. 186;
+    its organization under Henry I., 206;
+    under Henry II., 255; ii. 110, 111;
+    regulated by Great Charter, i. 350;
+    divided into three tribunals, ii. 109
+
+  Kirk, the Scottish,
+    its organization, v. 131, 132;
+    relations with the people and the king, 132-136;
+    its triumph, 140;
+    new struggle with James, 164-166;
+    dealings of Charles I. and Laud with, 326, 328, 330, 331;
+    re-established, 335; vii. 54
+
+  Kirk o' Field, iv. 244
+
+  Knighthood,
+    compulsory, under Edward I., ii. 118, 164;
+    under Charles I., v. 277
+
+  Knights,
+    their complaint against the barons, ii. 62;
+    right of attendance at the Great Council, 145;
+    growth of their importance after the Barons' War, 147;
+    relations with the Crown, _ib._, 148;
+    of the shire, summoned to Parliament, 66, 71, 73, 150, 151;
+    result of their election in county court, 151, 152;
+    relations with the Lords, 202;
+    grouped together with the burgesses as "the Commons," 203;
+    petition for due election of, 300
+
+  Knolles's _History of the Turks_, v. 4
+
+  Knollys, Sir Francis, iv. 119, 215
+
+  Knox, John, iv. 113-115, 119, 128;
+    denounces Mary Tudor, 130;
+    resists Mary Stuart, 201, 212, 218;
+    breaks with Murray, 218;
+    defies Mary, 220;
+    calls for her death, 259;
+    his character and influence, v. 130, 131;
+    his Liturgy, 327;
+    his _History of the Reformation_, iv. 4
+
+  Knyghton, Henry, ii. 177, 179
+
+  Kolin, battle of, vii. 248
+
+  Kunersdorf, battle of, vii. 263
+
+
+  Labour-rents, i. 322, 323;
+    commutation of, 324;
+    attempts to revive, ii. 257, 266, 267
+
+  Labourdonnais besieges Madras, vii. 233
+
+  Labourers,
+    their position after the Black Death, ii. 255;
+    condition under Richard II., 314;
+    in fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, iii. 109-111;
+    under Elizabeth, iv. 275, 276
+
+  Lacy, Henry de, ii. 188
+
+  Lacy, Robert de, i. 201
+
+  Læt, the, i. 14, 15
+
+  Lafayette, Marquis de, viii. 83
+
+  Lagos, battle off, vii. 273
+
+  La Hire, iii. 49
+
+  La Hogue, battle of, vii. 78
+
+  Lake, Gerard, first viscount, viii. 130
+
+  Lambert, General,
+    his campaign against Hamilton, vi. 62;
+    pursuit of Charles II., 83;
+    resigns his command, 121;
+    relations with Monk, 150, 151;
+    escape and defeat, 152;
+    exempted from pardon, 195
+
+  Lambeth,
+    Harthacnut dies at, i. 148;
+    treaty of, ii. 3;
+    the archbishop's chapel at, its transformations, v. 90;
+    Laud's restoration of, 299, 300
+
+  Lancashire, reluctance of its boroughs to send members to Parliament,
+      ii. 155
+
+  Lancaster, Blanche of, ii. 287
+
+  Lancaster, Edmund, Earl of. _See_ Edmund
+
+  Lancaster, Henry, Earl of, ii. 199, 203, 206
+
+  Lancaster, Henry, first Duke of (_see_ Derby), ii. 258-260, 266
+
+  Lancaster, Henry of (King Henry IV.) _See_ Henry
+
+  Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of, ii. 188, 191, 193-195
+
+  Lancelot, legend of, i. 247
+
+  Land-tenure
+    in Old England, i. 14;
+    after Norman Conquest, 322-324;
+    Edward I.'s legislation concerning, ii. 124, 125
+
+  Land-tax, i. 186, 207, 350; ii. 103
+
+  "Landless man," the, i. 322, 323
+
+  _Lanercost, Chronicle of_, i. 273
+
+  Lanfranc, abbot of Bec, i. 159;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 187;
+    crowns William II., 191
+
+  Langdale, Sir Marmaduke, vi. 40
+
+  Langland, William, ii. 178, 179, 269-272
+
+  Langport, battle of, vi. 41
+
+  Langside, battle of, iv. 261
+
+  Langton, Simon, i. 355
+
+  Langton, Stephen, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 330;
+    comes to England, 338;
+    relations with John and the Charter, 340, 341;
+    suspended, 354;
+    goes to Rome, _ib._;
+    returns, ii. 3;
+    supports Hubert de Burgh, 5;
+    his care for the Charter, 6;
+    death, 26
+
+  Langton, Thomas, Bishop of Winchester, iii. 196
+
+  Language, English,
+    its literary revival in thirteenth century, i. 174;
+    effects of Norman Conquest on, 278;
+    Henry III.'s proclamation in, ii. 62;
+    first used in opening Parliament, 300, 356;
+    ordered to be used in law courts, 356; vii. 201;
+    supersedes French, ii. 356, 357;
+    changes in, in Caxton's time, iii. 159, 160;
+    replaces Latin in church service, iv. 49;
+    Welsh, ii. 50
+
+  Lansdowne, William Fitzmaurice, first marquis of (_see_ Shelburne)
+      viii. 115
+
+  Lansdowne Hill, battle of, vi. 6
+
+  Lathom House, siege of, vi. 19
+
+  Latimer, William Latimer, fourth Lord, ii. 304, 306
+
+  Latimer, George Neville, first Lord, iii. 114
+
+  Latimer, John Neville, third Lord, iii. 323
+
+  Latimer, Hugh, iii. 262-265;
+    Bishop of Worcester, 336;
+    imprisoned, 347;
+    forced to resign, _ib._;
+    denounces Warwick's government, iv. 57;
+    sent to the Tower, 74;
+    burnt, 92
+
+  Latimer, William, iii. 201
+
+  Latitudinarians, the, vi. 133-137, 168
+
+  Laud, William, Bishop of St. David's, v. 293;
+    his views and character, 245, 292-294;
+    Bishop of London, 266;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 295;
+    dealings with the Puritans, 295-297;
+    revives the Bishops' Courts, 298;
+    restores Lambeth Chapel, 299, 300;
+    revives ritual, 300;
+    dealings with Prynne, 306, 329;
+    relations with Wentworth, 318;
+    dealings with Scotland, 325-327;
+    arrested, 351
+
+  Lauderdale, John Maitland, second Earl and first Duke of, vi. 181,
+      245, 259
+
+  Lauffeld, battle of, vii. 231
+
+  Lauzun, Count of, vii. 71, 72
+
+  Law,
+    common, ii. 110, 113;
+    ecclesiastical, new code of, iv. 60;
+    English, Glanvill's treatise on, i. 174, 244;
+    of the Forest, ii. 34;
+    Roman, revived study of, i. 282;
+    in England, 283;
+    influence of its imperial theories, ii. 95, 96
+
+  "Lawmen" of the Five Boroughs, i. 118
+
+  Laws,
+    Old English, two classes of, i. 5;
+    first put in writing, 59;
+    of Æthelred, i. 138;
+    of David of Scotland, ii. 171;
+    of Eadgar, i. 144;
+    of Eadward the Confessor, 150, 199, 340;
+    of Henry I., 339;
+    of Howel Dda, ii. 46
+
+  Layamon, i. 174, 279
+
+  League
+    of Cambray, iii. 206;
+    the Catholic, in Germany, v. 177, 232;
+    the Holy, iii. 209, 210, 266;
+    in France, iv. 348, 355, 356;
+    of Neutrals, viii. 162-164;
+    of Schmalkald, iii. 336; iv. 36, 50;
+    of the Public Weal, iii. 122, 125, 126
+
+  Learning,
+    the New, iii. 194-198, 201, 202;
+    its protest against war, 210;
+    attitude after Wolsey's fall, 289, 291
+
+  Leicester,
+    one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;
+    surrenders to Æthelflæd, 118;
+    condition under its earls, 297;
+    regains right of compurgation, 313-315;
+    stormed by Charles I., vi. 38
+
+  Leicester, Robert de Beaumont, Earl of, i. 254
+
+  Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of (_see_ Dudley), iv. 205, 349, 357;
+      v. 58, 63
+
+  Leighton, John, v. 305
+
+  Leinster, kingdom of, i. 251, 252
+
+  Leipzig, battle of, viii. 202
+
+  Leith
+    sacked by the English, iv. 29;
+    siege of, 175, 176
+
+  Leland, John, v. 4
+
+  Lennox, Esmé Stuart, Duke of, iv. 346; v. 123
+
+  Lennox, Matthew Stuart, Earl of, iv. 227, 244; v. 123
+
+  Lennox, Margaret, Countess of, iv. 220, 221
+
+  Leo X., Pope, iii. 249, 253, 254
+
+  Leofa, slayer of Eadmund the Magnificent, i. 123
+
+  Leofric, Earl of Mercia, i. 150, 152
+
+  Leopold II., Emperor, viii. 95, 96
+
+  Leopold V., Duke of Austria, i. 261
+
+  Lepanto, battle of, iv. 297
+
+  Leslie, Alexander, v. 335, 337.
+    _See_ Leven
+
+  Leslie, David, vi. 79, 80, 83, 84
+
+  "Lesser barons." _See_ Knights
+
+  Levant Company, v. 161
+
+  Leven, Alexander Leslie, first Earl of (_see_ Leslie), vi. 18
+
+  Lever, Thomas, iv. 119, 128, 132
+
+  Lewes,
+    battle of, ii. 70, 71;
+    Mise of, 71;
+    Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96
+
+  Lewis of Bavaria, Emperor, ii. 217-219, 221, 229, 235, 248
+
+  Lewis d'Outremer, king of France, i. 210
+
+  Lewis VII., king of France, i. 233, 254
+
+  Lewis (VIII.) of France,
+    the English crown offered to, i. 355;
+    successes in England, _ib._;
+    defeated, ii. 2;
+    withdraws, 3
+
+  Lewis IX., king of France, ii. 35, 40, 68, 90
+
+  Lewis XI., king of France, iii. 119;
+    relations with Edward IV., 120, 121;
+      with Burgundy, _ib._;
+      with Margaret of Anjou, 121;
+    negotiations with Warwick, 122, 123;
+    struggle with League of the Public Weal, 126, 127;
+    again seeks treaty with Edward, 128;
+    Edward's negotiations with, 129;
+    league against, 130;
+    attacks Britanny, 132;
+    captured and released by Charles, _ib._;
+    stirs Warwick against Edward, 136;
+    reconciles Warwick and Margaret, 137;
+    alliance with Henry VI., 139;
+    treaty with Edward, 150;
+    seized Picardy, Artois, etc., _ib._;
+    war with Maximilian, 151;
+    treaty with him, 170;
+    refuses to recognize Richard III., 169;
+    death, _ib._
+
+  Lewis XII., king of France (_see_ Orleans), iii. 206, 232
+
+  Lewis XIII., king of France, v. 256
+
+  Lewis XIV., king of France, vi. 188-189;
+    his policy, 190, 191;
+    alliance with Charles II., 192;
+    relations with England and Holland, 227;
+    sends his fleet to join the Dutch, 239;
+    attacks Flanders, 247;
+    his offers to Spain, 249;
+    treaty with her, 250;
+    policy towards Holland, 251;
+    treaties with Charles, 257, 258;
+    attacks Holland, 268;
+    position after Peace of Nimeguen, 291, 316;
+    persecutes the Huguenots, 317, 335;
+    new agreement with Charles, 323;
+    seizes Strassburg, Casale, and Luxemburg, 335;
+    relations with James II., vii. 12;
+    revokes the Edict of Nantes, 13;
+    relations with James and Holland, 36, 38;
+    attacks Germany, 38, 48;
+    receives James II. at St. Germain, 49;
+    war declared against, by England and Holland, _ib._;
+    his fleet, 68;
+    sends troops to Ireland, 71;
+    his successes, 75, 76;
+    turn of his fortune, 79, 80;
+    treaty with William, 90, 91;
+    seizes the Dutch Barrier, 102;
+    acknowledges James's son as king of England, 106;
+    attacks Germany again, 118, 119;
+    his losses, 131, 134;
+    offers terms, 134, 135;
+    death, 183, 185
+
+  Lewis XV., king of France, vii. 185, 225
+
+  Lewis XVI., king of France, viii. 28;
+    summons the States-General, 83;
+    a Constitution forced on, 86;
+    attempts flight, 95;
+    imprisoned, 101;
+    executed, 103
+
+  Lewis XVIII., king of France, viii. 206, 211
+
+  Lexington, skirmish at, viii. 22
+
+  Leyva, Alonzo da, iv. 363
+
+  _Liber Albus_ of London, i. 274
+
+  _Liber de Antiquis Legibus_, i. 274
+
+  _Liber Custumarum_ of London, i. 274
+
+  Lichfield, diocese of, i. 83
+
+  Liége taken by Marlborough, vii. 117
+
+  Liegnitz, battle of, vii. 302
+
+  Ligny, battle of, viii. 207
+
+  Lilburne, John, vi. 28, 75, 78
+
+  Lille reduced by Marlborough, vii. 134
+
+  _Lillibullero_, vii. 33
+
+  Lilly, William, iii. 200
+
+  Limerick, siege of, vii. 72, 73
+
+  Limitation Bill, vi. 323
+
+  Limoges
+    welcomes Du Guesclin, ii. 285;
+    stormed by the Black Prince, 286
+
+  Limousin restored to Edward III., ii. 266
+
+  Linacre, Thomas, iii. 190, 197, 256
+
+  Lincoln,
+    one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;
+    battles of, 219; ii. 2;
+    relieved by John, i. 356;
+    Jews at, ii. 126, 127
+
+  Lincolnshire
+    surrendered to Ecgfrith by Wulfhere, i. 86;
+    rising in, iii. 323
+
+  Lindesay of the Byres, Patrick, sixth Lord, iv. 225, 228, 230
+
+  Lindisfarne, i. 69, 79, 87, 97
+
+  Lindiswaras, i. 73, 117
+
+  Linen manufacture, Irish, its foundation, v. 291
+
+  Lisbon, Drake's and Norris's expedition to, iv. 367, 368
+
+  Lisle, Alice, vii. 11, 66
+
+  Lisle, John Dudley, Lord, iv. 41, 46.
+    _See_ Warwick
+
+  Litany, the English, iv. 40
+
+  Literature, English,
+    its beginnings, i. 77, 93, 96;
+    decay during struggle with Danes, 113;
+    Ælfred's influence on, 114, 115;
+    after Norman Conquest, 242, 243, 246, 278;
+    under Henry II., 174, 244-249;
+    under John, 278, 279;
+    popular, during Peasant Revolt, ii. 318, 319;
+    Wyclif's influence on, 338;
+    revival in fourteenth century, 357, 358;
+    effects of the Renascence on, v. 1-3;
+    developement under Elizabeth, 3-11;
+    after the Revolution, 154;
+    in poetry, 156, 157;
+    in prose, 157-161, 292, 293;
+    beginning of a new developement with Dryden, 333;
+    Welsh, ii. 49-54.
+    _See_ Drama
+
+  Lithsmen of London, i. 300
+
+  Liturgy,
+    the English, iv. 49;
+    Knox's, v. 327;
+    the Scottish (Laud's), of 1636, _ib._;
+    rejected, 328.
+    _See_ Prayer-Book
+
+  Liverpool, its rise, vii. 196
+
+  Liverpool, Robert Banks Jenkinson, second Earl of, viii. 196.
+    _See_ Hawkesbury
+
+  "Livery," ii. 311, 355; iii. 105
+
+  Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, prince of North Wales, ii. 58;
+    alliance with Montfort, 67, 76;
+    raid upon Chester, 85;
+    defeats Mortimer at Brecknock, 88;
+    submits, 89;
+    refuses homage to Edward I., 108;
+    submission and marriage, 109;
+    last revolt and death, 119, 120
+
+  Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, prince of North Wales, ii. 5, 54-58, 108
+
+  Llywarch Hen, ii. 49, 53
+
+  Loans, forced,
+    under Richard II., ii. 372;
+    demanded by Wolsey, iii. 244;
+      by Charles I., 254, 255
+
+  _Loch Cé, Annals of_, i. 7
+
+  Lochleven, Mary Stuart imprisoned at, iv. 257, 258
+
+  Locke, John, vi. 170, 171, 259
+
+  Logic, study of, at Oxford, i. 288
+
+  Lollardry, ii. 339;
+    suppressed at Oxford, 341;
+    its later phases, 344-348;
+    influence in Bohemia, 349;
+    attitude under Henry IV., iii. 19, 21;
+    sympathy of the Commons with, 21;
+    rising under Oldcastle, 27;
+    suppression of, 27, 28;
+    its lingering existence, 96, 258;
+    legal prohibitions of, rescinded, iv. 48;
+    its influence in Scotland, 111
+
+  Lodi, battle of, viii. 122
+
+  London,
+    Middle-Saxons settle round, i. 54;
+      subject to the East-Saxons, 59;
+        to Mercia, 85;
+    beginnings of its commercial greatness, 138;
+    resists Swein, 142;
+      submits to him, 143;
+        to the Conqueror, 165;
+    its election of Stephen, 215;
+    expels Matilda, 219;
+    its share in religious revival, 222, 223;
+    Normans in, 303;
+    Henry I.'s charter to, 304;
+    relations with Oxford, 308, 309;
+    strife of classes in, 318-320;
+    meeting of barons at, 340;
+    joins the barons against John, 346;
+    its liberties secured by Great Charter, 352;
+    barons blockaded by John in, 355;
+    defies the Pope, _ib._; ii. 8;
+    Franciscans settle in, 12;
+    Archbishop Boniface driven from, 32;
+    supports Earl Simon, 67, 69, 70;
+    its charter annulled, 82;
+    its mayor imprisoned, 83;
+    occupied by Gilbert of Gloucester, 89;
+    supports Wyclif, 309, 310;
+    threatened by revolted peasants, 321, 322;
+    its Lollardry, 345;
+    welcomes Henry of Lancaster, 379;
+    Richard II. brought captive to, 381;
+    betrayed to Edward IV. by Archbishop Neville, iii. 142;
+    its petition to Richard III., 168;
+    evades Wolsey's demand for a benevolence, 251;
+    Protestants in, 347;
+    Walloons in, iv. 51;
+    unfavourable to Jane Grey's succession, 71;
+    its Protestant sympathies, _ib._, 75;
+    attitude in Wyatt's rising, 83-85;
+    Protestant martyrs in, 96, 144;
+    supplies sent from, to refugees abroad, 119;
+    its commerce under Elizabeth, 280;
+    Flemish settlers in, 281;
+    traders of, send help to the Prince of Orange, 324;
+    its contribution for defence against the Armada, 358;
+    its advance under Elizabeth, v. 77;
+    its increase checked, 198, 199, 277;
+    its welcome to Prince Charles, 233;
+    colonizes Derry, 289;
+    sides with the Parliament against Charles I., 372, 375, 376;
+    fortified by the Parliament, vi. 4;
+    train-bands of, at battle of Newbury, 14;
+    Independents and Baptists in, 28;
+    petitions against toleration, 37;
+    rises against the Parliament, 56;
+    Plague at, 226;
+    Fire at, 239;
+    supports the Exclusion Bill, 308;
+    riots in, 322, 323;
+    supports Shaftesbury, 334;
+    turns against him, 335, 336;
+    Huguenot refugees in, vii. 14;
+    Methodists in, 208;
+    supports Pitt, 256, 305;
+    supports Wilkes, 319; viii. 6, 8, 12;
+    petitions to George III., 16, 20;
+    supports the younger Pitt, 69;
+    riot in, 113;
+    "barons" of, i. 319;
+    "boatmen" of, 308;
+    St. Paul's Cathedral in, 223;
+    Dooms of, 300;
+    Gilds of, 299;
+    "lithsmen" of, 300;
+    merchants of, _ib._;
+    Merchant Adventurers of, iv. 283, 284;
+    materials for its municipal history, i. 274;
+    portreeves of, i. 303;
+    first theatres in, v. 22, 23;
+    Tower of, i. 166;
+    weavers of, 317, 318;
+    Witenagemots at, i. 152, 153
+
+  Londonderry
+    colonized, v. 289;
+    siege of, vii. 57, 58
+
+  Longchamp, William, Bishop of Ely and justiciar, i. 260, 261, 264
+
+  "Lord" and "man,"
+    their mutual relations, i. 133;
+    and villeins, i. 323-325
+
+  Lords, House of,
+    origin of its judicial character, i. 256;
+    its composition under the Houses of Lancaster and York, iii. 94, 99;
+    under Henry VIII., iv. 13, 14;
+    rejects proposals of the Commons to confiscate Church property, iii.
+        15, 22;
+    its dealings with the Duke of York's claim to the Crown, 77;
+    assents to bills for Church reform, 291;
+    its address to the Pope, 297;
+    increase in its numbers under the Stuarts, v. 199, 200;
+    relations with Crown and Commons in 1641, 360;
+    charges Cromwell with treason, vi. 63;
+    rejects the ordinance for the trial of Charles I., 66, 67;
+    abolished, 67, 69;
+    Cromwell's substitute for, 144;
+    the Bishops restored to, 204;
+    rejects the Exclusion Bill, 320;
+    proposal to limit its numbers, vii. 190, 191;
+    its dealings with Wilkes, 318;
+    rejects Chatham's bill for repeal of the Stamp Acts, viii. 19, 20;
+    refuses Catholic emancipation, 196
+
+  Lorne, Archibald Campbell, Lord, v. 326.
+    _See_ Argyle
+
+  Lorraine annexed by France, vii. 215
+
+  Lorraine, the Cardinal of, iv. 267
+
+  Lothian ceded to Malcolm I., i. 147
+
+  Loughborough, Alexander Wedderburn, first Lord, viii. 154
+
+  Louisburg, capture of, vii. 266
+
+  Louisiana,
+    French settlement in, vii. 242;
+    ceded to England, 307
+
+  Louviers captured by Henry V., iii. 33
+
+  Lovat, Simon Fraser, thirteenth Lord, vii. 230
+
+  Lovelace, John, third Lord, vii. 42
+
+  Lowestoft, battle of, vi. 225
+
+  Lowlands, alleged grant of, by Cnut to the Scots, ii. 132
+
+  Lucy, Geoffrey de, i. 345
+
+  Lucy, Richard de, i. 343, 344
+
+  Luddite riots, viii. 194
+
+  Ludlow, General, vi. 109;
+    his _Memoirs_, v. 72
+
+  Lumley, John, Lord, iv. 267, 268
+
+  Lumley, Richard, second Viscount, vii. 35, 37
+
+  Lunéville, Peace of, viii. 143
+
+  Luther, Martin, iii. 253-257
+
+  Lutherans
+    in England, iii. 262;
+    their progress on the Continent, 275;
+    importation of their books forbidden, 304;
+    Henry VIII.'s alliance with, 336;
+    growth in Germany, iv. 31;
+    refuse to send representatives to Trent, 35, 36;
+    reject Henry VIII.'s advances, 36;
+    defeated at Muhlberg, 50;
+    take refuge in England, 51;
+    again invited to Trent, 193;
+    position after Peace of Passau, v. 176
+
+  Lutterworth, Wyclif at, ii. 343, 344
+
+  Luttrell, Colonel, viii. 8
+
+  Luttrell's _Diary_, vi. 158
+
+  Lutzen, battle of, viii. 201
+
+  Luxemburg
+    seized by Lewis XIV., vi. 335;
+    restored to Spain, vii. 91
+
+  Luxemburg, Francis Henry de Montmorency, Duke of, vii. 75, 79, 80
+
+  Luxemburg, Jacquetta of, iii. 124
+
+  Lydgate, John, iii. 17, 40;
+    Caxton's edition of, 157
+
+  Lyly, John, v. 5
+
+  Lymne, its fall, i. 33
+
+  Lynn,
+    King John at, i. 356;
+    its charter annulled, ii. 79
+
+  Lyons, Richard, ii. 304, 306, 323
+
+  Lyttelton, Lord Keeper, v. 378
+
+  Lyttelton, George, first Lord, vii. 249
+
+
+  _Mabinogion_, i. 7; ii. 50, 51
+
+  Macclesfield, Fitton Gerard, third Earl of, vii. 37
+
+  Machyn's _Diary_, iv. 3
+
+  Mackay, General, vii. 52
+
+  Madison, James, President of the United States, viii. 198
+
+  Madras,
+    its origin, vii. 232;
+    razed by Labourdonnais, 233
+
+  Magdalen of Valois, queen of Scots, iv. 23
+
+  Magdeburg, siege of, iv. 64
+
+  Magesætas, i. 66
+
+  Magna Carta. _See_ Charter, the Great
+
+  Mahrattas, vii. 234, 235; viii. 31
+
+  Maidstone, Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96
+
+  Maine
+    conquered by counts of Anjou, i. 212;
+    by William of Normandy, 158, 213;
+    by Philip Augustus, 269;
+    ceded to France, ii. 63
+
+  "Maintenance," ii. 311; iii. 105
+
+  Mainwaring, Dr. Roger, v. 254, 267
+
+  Major-Generals, Cromwell's, vi. 107, 118, 119
+
+  Malcolm I., king of Scots, i. 123
+
+  Malcolm II., king of Scots, i. 146
+
+  Malcolm III., king of Scots, i. 170, 197
+
+  Maldon, battle of, i. 139
+
+  Malet, Robert, i. 201
+
+  Malet, William, i. 343
+
+  "Malignants," vi. 47, 83, 99, 194, 201
+
+  Malmesbury, James Harris, first Lord, viii. 121, 123
+
+  Malmesbury, William of, i. 4, 6, 173, 243, 244
+
+  Malplaquet, battle of, vii. 136
+
+  Malta
+    conquered by Buonaparte, viii. 132;
+    blockaded by a British fleet, viii. 162;
+    surrenders, 165
+
+  "Maltôte," ii. 166
+
+  Man, Isle of, conquered by Eadwine, i. 63
+
+  Manchester seized by Eadward the Elder, i. 119;
+    its rise, vii. 196
+
+  Manchester, Edward Montagu, second Earl of (_see_ Mandeville),
+    head of the Association of the Eastern Counties, vi. 8, 13, 18;
+    quarrels with Cromwell, 24, 34;
+    retires, 35
+
+  Mandeville, Geoffrey de, Earl of Essex, i. 343
+
+  Mandeville, Edward Montagu, Viscount, v. 354, 358.
+    _See_ Manchester
+
+  Manor, the, i. 322-323
+
+  Mans, Le,
+    seized by Geoffrey Martel, i. 212;
+    rebels against William Rufus, 197;
+    Henry II. besieged in, 258;
+    surrendered to Charles VII., iii. 62
+
+  Mansel, John, ii. 8
+
+  Mansfield, Count, v. 239
+
+  Mansfield, William Murray, first Earl of, vii. 259
+
+  Mansion, Colard, iii. 155
+
+  Mantes, William the Conqueror wounded at, i. 190
+
+  Manton, Thomas, vi. 252
+
+  Mantua,
+    siege of, viii. 123;
+    surrenders to Buonaparte, 125
+
+  Manufactures,
+    growth of, under Elizabeth, iv. 278-280;
+    in Yorkshire, their rise, v. 281;
+    English, in eighteenth century, viii. 53, 54, 59, 60;
+    altered conditions of, 193, 194;
+    of linen, in Ireland, v. 291;
+    of silk, at Spitalfields, vii. 14
+
+  Manumissions, sale of, to the king's serfs, i. 325
+
+  Map, Walter, i. 174, 247-249
+
+  Mar, John Erskine, sixth Earl of, vii. 145, 183
+
+  March, Edward, Earl of. _See_ Edward IV.
+
+  March, Roger Mortimer, first Earl of. _See_ Mortimer
+
+  March, Roger Mortimer, fourth Earl of, ii. 378
+
+  March, Edmund Mortimer, fifth Earl of, iii. 2, 13, 14, 28, 30
+
+  Marchers, the Lords, ii. 67, 75, 80-82, 85
+
+  Mardyke, capture of, by the French, vi. 124
+
+  Mare, Sir Peter de la, ii. 306, 307, 311
+
+  Marengo, battle of, viii. 142
+
+  Maria Theresa of Austria, vii. 199;
+    queen of Hungary, 220;
+    her struggle with Frederick the Great, 221, 223, 225, 246
+
+  Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VI., iii. 61;
+    her policy, 72, 74;
+    flies to Scotland, 75;
+    victory at St. Albans, 79;
+    defeated at Towton, 80;
+    appeals to Lewis XI., 121;
+    defeated at Hexham, 123;
+    reconciled with Warwick, 137;
+    lands at Weymouth, 143;
+    captured at Tewkesbury, 145
+
+  Margaret, wife of Malcolm III., king of Scots, i. 170
+
+  Margaret, daughter of Henry VII., wife of James IV. of Scotland, iii.
+      185;
+    her second marriage, 231;
+    strife with Albany, 232, 235, 247, 248;
+      with her husband, iv. 22
+
+  Margaret, the "Maid of Norway," ii. 135
+
+  Margaret of York,
+    schemes for her marriage, iii. 128-130;
+    marries Charles the Bold, 131;
+    patroness of Caxton, 155;
+    supports Lambert Simnel, 176;
+    supports Perkin Warbeck, 180
+
+  Margaret Beaufort. _See_ Beaufort
+
+  Marignano, battle of, iii. 233
+
+  Marisco. _See_ Marsh
+
+  Marlborough, Parliament at, ii. 89
+
+  Marlborough, John Churchill, Earl of (_see_ Churchill), vii. 50, 110;
+    campaign in Ireland, 72, 73;
+    plans of treason, 77;
+    relations with William III. and Anne, 111, 112;
+    Captain-General, 112;
+    relations with the allies, 113, 114;
+    his temper, 115, 116;
+    his military genius, 117;
+    campaign in 1702, _ib._;
+    difficulties with the Dutch, 118;
+      Duke, _ib._;
+    campaign of 1704, 119-122;
+    supports Occasional Conformity, 123;
+    relations with the Tories, _ib._, 124;
+      with the Whigs, 125;
+    troubles with the Allies, 125;
+    campaign of 1706, 126, 127;
+    difficulties at home, 131-133;
+    campaign of 1708, 134;
+      of 1709, 136;
+    attacked by the Tories, 138, 140;
+    his fall, 141;
+    imbecility, 182
+
+  Marlborough, Sarah Jennings, Duchess of, vii. 110, 111, 133, 136, 138
+
+  Marlowe, Christopher, v. 26, 27, 29, 31, 35
+
+  Marmont, General, viii. 199
+
+  "Marprelate, Martin," iv. 5, 342, 343
+
+  Marseilles besieged by Charles V., iii. 248, 249
+
+  Marsh, Adam, i. 274; ii. 14, 40, 41
+
+  Marshal, William, first Earl of Pembroke,
+    opposes John, i. 328, 329;
+    character and position, 345;
+    counsels John to accept the Charter, 347;
+    his fidelity to John, ii. 1;
+    "governor of king and kingdom," 2;
+    death, 3
+
+  Marshal, William, second Earl of Pembroke, i. 343; ii. 36
+
+  Marshal, Richard, third Earl of Pembroke, ii. 33, 34
+
+  Marshall, Stephen, v. 354
+
+  Marston, John, v. 42
+
+  Marston Moor, battle of, vi. 19
+
+  Martinengo, Papal nuncio, iv. 193
+
+  Martinico conquered by England, vii. 307;
+    restored to France, _ib._
+
+  Marvell, Andrew, vi. 329
+
+  Mary, daughter of Henry VIII.,
+    betrothed to the Dauphin, iii. 235;
+    to Charles V., 242, 250;
+    refuses to conform to Protestantism, iv. 58;
+    proclaimed queen, 71;
+    enters London, 74;
+    person and character, _ib._;
+    her aim, 75, 76;
+    schemes for her marriage, 78-80;
+    relations with Parliament, 81, 85;
+    revolt against her, 82-84;
+    marriage, 86;
+    persecutions, 91, 95, 96, 144;
+    disappointment, 98;
+    relations with Paul IV., 102, 103, 106;
+    refounds abbeys, 106;
+    war with Franco, 108;
+    dealings with Ireland, 109, 111;
+    effect of her persecutions, 118;
+    Protestant denunciations of, 130, 131;
+    death, 145
+
+  Mary, daughter of James, Duke of York, vi. 282;
+    plan for her marriage, 283;
+    married, 290;
+    refuses to reign alone, vii. 46;
+    declared queen, 47;
+    death, 88
+
+  Mary Stuart
+    born, iv. 25;
+    proposal for her marriage with Edward VI., 26, 28;
+    crowned, 28;
+    marries the Dauphin, 53, 169;
+    her claims to the English crown, 79, 153;
+    treaties with Elizabeth and the Lords, 176;
+    returns to Scotland, 196, 201;
+    person and character, 196-198;
+    policy, 199-201, 208, 211, 212;
+    relations with Elizabeth, 205;
+    scheme of marriage with Leicester, _ib._;
+      with Don Carlos, 206, 213, 221;
+    relations with Knox and the Calvinists, 218;
+    turns to the Lennoxes, 222;
+    proposes to marry Darnley, 223;
+    expels Murray, 225;
+    demands to be recognized as Elizabeth's successor, 226;
+    her plans for Scotland and England, _ib._;
+    quarrel with Darnley, 227;
+    captured, 229;
+    escapes to Dunbar, _ib._;
+    returns, 230;
+    birth of her son, 231;
+    relations with Darnley and Bothwell, 242, 243;
+    sanctions the establishment of Protestantism, 245;
+    marries Bothwell, _ib._;
+    captured by the Lords, 246;
+    prisoner at Lochleven, 257, 258;
+    forced to resign, 259;
+    escapes, 260;
+    defeated at Langside, 261;
+    flies to Carlisle, _ib._;
+    refuses to clear herself, 262;
+    plans for her marriage with Arran, 263;
+      for her marriage with Norfolk, _ib._, 265;
+    plots with Norfolk, 265, 271, 272;
+    given in charge to Lord Huntingdon, 268;
+    imprisoned at Coventry, 269;
+    scheme of marriage with Don John, 310;
+    joins Babington's plot, 351;
+    trial and death, 352;
+    bequeaths her claims to Philip, 353;
+    materials for her history, 4
+
+  Mary of Guise, queen of Scotland, iv. 23, 25, 28;
+    Regent, 112;
+    relations with the Protestants, 118, 168;
+    with France, 170;
+    death, 176
+
+  Mary of Modena, wife of James II., vi. 278; vii. 29, 34
+
+  Mary, daughter of Henry VII., iii. 232; iv. 46
+
+  Maserfeld, battle of the, i. 71
+
+  Masham, Mrs., vii. 132
+
+  Massachusetts,
+    first settlement in, v. 310;
+    first charter granted to, 311;
+    protests against English taxation, vii. 326;
+    proposes a congress, 330;
+    its assembly dissolved, viii. 14;
+    resists the tea-duty, 15;
+    its charter altered, 18;
+    takes up arms against England, 19;
+    repudiates English government, 23;
+    refuses to join in war against England, 203, 204
+
+  Massena, General, viii. 140, 189-191
+
+  Massey, Dean of Christ Church, Oxford, vii. 25
+
+  Massinger, Philip, v. 303
+
+  Matilda of Flanders, wife of William the Conqueror, i. 159
+
+  Matilda or Maud (Edith), wife of Henry I., i. 198-200, 246
+
+  Matilda or Maud, daughter of Henry I., i. 208, 213, 219, 220
+
+  Matthias, Emperor, v. 177, 213, 217
+
+  Maud. _See_ Matilda
+
+  Maunay, Sir Walter, ii. 234, 246, 253
+
+  Maurice, Bishop of London, i. 223
+
+  Maurice, Prince, vi. 13, 19, 22
+
+  Maximilian I. of Austria, iii. 147;
+    marries Mary of Burgundy, 151;
+    war with Lewis XI., _ib._;
+    treaty with him, 170;
+    supports Perkin Warbeck, 180;
+    relations with France, 232-234;
+    death, 239;
+    policy towards Luther, iv. 18
+
+  May's _History of the Long Parliament_, v. 72
+
+  Mayenne, Charles of Lorraine, Duke of, iv. 367, 372
+
+  _Mayflower_, the, v. 309
+
+  Mayne, Cuthbert, iv. 309
+
+  Maynooth stormed, iii. 328, 329
+
+  Mayor of a town,
+    successor of portreeve, i. 303;
+    right of electing, 315;
+    of Oxford, 310
+
+  Mazarin, Cardinal, vi. 114, 117, 190
+
+  Measures, uniformity of, enacted by Great Charter, i. 352
+
+  Meaux taken by Henry V., iii. 36
+
+  Medina Sidonia, Duke of, iv. 360, 362
+
+  Medway, the Dutch in the, vi. 242
+
+  Melfort, John Drummond, first Earl of, vii. 17
+
+  Melrose,
+    Cuthbert at, i. 75;
+    _Chronicle_ of, 273;
+    English raid on, iv. 29
+
+  Melville, Andrew, v. 133, 136, 138, 164, 165
+
+  Menou, General, viii. 164, 166
+
+  Meonwaras, i. 85
+
+  Merchadé, i. 265
+
+  Merchant Adventurers,
+    English, in Flanders, iii. 155;
+    of London, iv. 283, 284
+
+  Merchant Associations, iv. 233, 283
+
+  Merchant-gild, the, i. 297, 300;
+    struggle with craft-gilds, 316-318;
+    of London, 319
+
+  Mercia
+    under Penda, i. 66, 70-73;
+    submits to Oswiu, 73;
+    becomes Christian, _ib._;
+    its revival under Wulfhere, 78, 85;
+    struggle with Wessex, 90-91;
+    greatness under Offa, 97, 98;
+    struggle with Wales, ii. 46;
+    civil strife in, i. 101;
+    conquered by Ecgberht, 102;
+    attacked by northmen, 104;
+      conquered by them, 105;
+    English, under ealdorman Æthelred, 117;
+    annexed to Wessex, 118;
+    revolts against Eadwig, 137;
+    submits to Cnut, 143;
+    earldom of, 146
+
+  Mercians, their settlement, i. 37
+
+  Meres, Francis, v. 32, 41, 42
+
+  Merlin,
+    legend of, i. 247;
+    prophecies of, ii. 57, 119
+
+  Merton, school of, i. 225
+
+  Methodists, vii. 204-207, 210, 211;
+    their influence, viii. 46
+
+  Meulan captured by John of Bedford, iii. 39
+
+  Meulan, Robert, count of, i. 201
+
+  Mexico conquered by Cortes, iv. 329
+
+  Michiel, Giovanni, iv. 3
+
+  Middle English
+    settle round Leicester, i. 37;
+    become Christian, 72
+
+  Middle Saxons, i. 54
+
+  Middlesex elects Wilkes, viii. 5, 7
+
+  Middleton, Thomas, v. 42
+
+  Milan Decree, Napoleon's, viii. 181
+
+  Mile-end, meeting of Richard II. and the Kentishmen at, ii. 322
+
+  Milford Haven, Richard II. lands at, ii. 380
+
+  Millenary Petition, v. 151
+
+  Milton, John,
+    his early life, v. 98-101;
+    life at Horton, 302, 303;
+    early poems, 304;
+    _Comus_, 305, 306;
+    _Lycidas_, 332;
+    views on Church reform, 355;
+    change in his ecclesiastical views, vi. 32;
+    his sonnet on the Vaudois, 123;
+    his _Defence of the English People_, 231;
+    his later life, 232, 233;
+    _Paradise Lost_, 234-237;
+    _Areopagitica_, 305
+
+  Minden, battle of, vii. 264
+
+  Mines in England, i. 30; ii. 107; viii. 57
+
+  Minorca
+    ceded to England, vii. 142;
+    lost, 248;
+    restored, 307;
+    ceded to Spain, viii. 41
+
+  Mirebeau, Arthur of Britanny captured at, i. 268
+
+  Mise
+    of Amiens, ii. 68;
+    of Lewes, 71
+
+  Model, New. _See_ Army
+
+  _Modus Tenendi Parliamentum_, i. 275
+
+  Mogul Empire, the, vii. 234
+
+  Monaco, soldiers of, at Crécy, ii. 236
+
+  Monarchy,
+    growth of its strength, iii. 88, 89;
+    new policy, 89;
+    causes of its power, 111;
+    its position at Thomas Cromwell's death, iv. 7;
+    changes in its system under Elizabeth, 232;
+    James I.'s theory of, v. 169-171;
+    change in its relations to the country, 183, 184;
+    abolished, vi. 68;
+    proposal to restore it, 119-121;
+    restored, 152;
+    character after the Restoration, 172, 173, 183, 184;
+    character since the Revolution, vii. 60;
+    its insignificance under the House of Hanover, vii. 172-175.
+    _See_ King
+
+  Monasteries, suppression of, iii. 310, 311, 346; iv. 13
+
+  Monasticism,
+    revival of, under Henry I. and Stephen, i. 222;
+    its condition in the sixteenth century, iii. 309-310
+
+  Monk, George,
+    subdues the Highlands, vi. 108;
+    commander in Scotland, 150;
+    gathers a Convention at Edinburgh, _ib._;
+    leads his army to London, 151;
+    restores Charles II., 152;
+    Duke of Albemarle, 193;
+    fight with De Ruyter, 238
+
+  Monmouth, James, Duke of, vi. 176, 309;
+    schemes for his succession, 309, 310;
+    comes to court, 312;
+    ordered to leave London, _ib._;
+    returns, 314;
+    his progresses, 316, 322;
+    arrested, 335;
+    flight, 337;
+    finds refuge at the Hague, vii. 8;
+    his attempt on England, 9;
+    defeat and death, 10
+
+  Monmouth, Humfrey, iii. 258
+
+  Monopolies,
+    sale of, by Edward III., ii. 291;
+    abolished by Elizabeth, v. 58;
+    revived by James I., 222;
+      by Charles I., 279
+
+  Mons
+    surprised by Lewis of Nassau, iv. 298;
+    captured by Lewis XIV., vii. 76
+
+  Montacute, Henry Pole, Lord, iii. 349, 350
+
+  Montagu, John Neville, first Lord, iii. 113;
+    victory at Hexham, 123;
+    relations with Edward IV., 137, 138;
+    joins Warwick and Clarence, 139;
+    joins Warwick again, 142;
+    slain, _ib._
+
+  Montagu, Ralph, vi. 299
+
+  Montague, Anthony Browne, first Viscount, iv. 267
+
+  Montague, Charles, vii. 85;
+    founds the Bank of England, 86;
+    Chancellor of the Exchequer, 88;
+    reforms the currency, 89;
+    dismissed, 98;
+    impeached, 105
+
+  Montague, Dr. Richard, v. 245, 246;
+    bishop of Chichester, 267, 298
+
+  Montcalm, Marquis of, vii. 244, 268, 269
+
+  Montcontour, battle of, iv. 268, 298
+
+  Monteagle, William Parker, fourth Lord, v. 159
+
+  Montereau, Duke John of Burgundy assassinated at, iii. 35
+
+  Montfort, Amaury of (brother of Earl Simon), ii. 35
+
+  Montfort, Amaury of (son of Earl Simon), ii. 83
+
+  Montfort, Eleanor of, ii. 109
+
+  Montfort, Henry of, ii. 81
+
+  Montfort, John of, Duke of Britanny, ii. 233
+
+  Montfort, Richard of, ii. 83
+
+  Montfort, Simon IV. of, earl of Leicester, ii. 35
+
+  Montfort, Simon V. of, ii. 35;
+    marriage, 36;
+    earl of Leicester, _ib._, 37;
+    relations with the barons, _ib._;
+    heads reforming party, 37, 38;
+    protests against papal exactions, 38;
+    Seneschal of Gascony, 38-40;
+    quarrel with Henry III., 40;
+    regency of France offered to, _ib._;
+    character, 40-42;
+    returns to England, 59;
+    swears to Provisions of Oxford, 63;
+    negotiations with France, _ib._;
+    breach with Gloucester, 64;
+    goes to France, 66;
+    returns, 67;
+    alliance with Llewelyn, _ib._;
+    heads the barons in arms, _ib._;
+    rejects the Mise of Amiens, 68, 69;
+    victory at Lewes, 70, 71;
+    his rule, 71;
+    summons the commons to Parliament, 73, 153;
+    quarrel with Gloucester, 75;
+    last campaign, 76, 77;
+    death, 78;
+    his corpse mutilated, 80;
+    his adherents disinherited, 82, 83;
+    miracles at his tomb, 83
+
+  Montfort, Simon, the younger,
+    taken prisoner, ii. 70;
+    defeated by Edward, 76;
+    advances to Alcester, 77;
+    falls back to Kenilworth, 80;
+    releases his prisoners, _ib._;
+    goes to Axholme, 84;
+    surrenders to Edward, 85;
+    flies over sea, 86
+
+  Montgomery, Roger of, ii. 47
+
+  Montreal taken by Amherst, vii. 269
+
+  Montreuil besieged by the English, iv. 30
+
+  Montrose, James Grahame, fifth earl and first marquis of, v. 337, 342;
+    relations with Charles I., 359, 364;
+    raises the Highlands for the king, vi. 23;
+    his victories, _ib._, 38, 41;
+    defeat at Philiphaugh, _ib._;
+    executed, 78
+
+  Moore, Sir John, viii. 186, 187
+
+  Moot, the, i. 17, 18
+
+  Morat, battle of, iii. 150
+
+  Moray, Thomas Randolph, Earl of, ii. 213.
+    _See_ Randolph
+
+  More, Hannah, vii. 170; viii. 47
+
+  More, Thomas,
+    his person and character, iii. 216, 217;
+    first appearance in Parliament, 218;
+    his home-life, _ib._, 219;
+    returns to court, 219;
+    his lectures on "The City of God," 197;
+    _Life of Edward the Fifth_, 83, 218;
+    _Utopia_, 189, 220-228;
+    Speaker of the Commons, 245;
+    his reply to Luther, 257;
+    Chancellor, 286, 289;
+    resigns, 299;
+    summoned to take the oath of succession, 317;
+    refuses, 318;
+    sent to the Tower, 319;
+    beheaded, 321;
+    his reverence for Parliament, iv. 9;
+    Roper's _Life of_, iii. 83
+
+  More, Thomas de la, ii. 177
+
+  Moreau, General, viii. 122, 142, 143
+
+  _Moriæ Encomium_, iii. 219
+
+  Morice, Sir William, Secretary of State, vi. 194
+
+  Morkere, Earl of Northumbria, i. 160, 165, 167, 170
+
+  Mornington, Richard Wellesley, second Earl of, viii. 132.
+    _See_ Wellesley
+
+  Morrison, Robert, vi. 167
+
+  Mortemer, battle of, i. 158
+
+  Mortimer, Anne, iii. 56
+
+  Mortimer, Edmund, Earl of March. _See_ March
+
+  Mortimer, Sir Edmund, iii. 13
+
+  Mortimer, Roger,
+    supporter of Henry III., ii. 64, 72, 85;
+    defeated by Llewelyn, 88;
+    head of regency, 102
+
+  Mortimer, Roger, conspires against Edward II., ii. 198;
+    Earl of March, 206;
+    fall, 207
+
+  Mortimer's Cross, battle of, iii. 78
+
+  Morton, John, Bishop of Ely and Archbishop of Canterbury, iii. 167,
+      285;
+    his "fork," 177
+
+  Morton, James Douglas, fourth Earl of, iv. 114;
+    Chancellor of Scotland, 224;
+    aids Darnley against Mary, 228;
+    flies, 230;
+    recalled, 243;
+    joins Argyle against Mary, 245;
+    beheaded, 346
+
+  Morton, Dr. Nicholas, iv. 265, 268
+
+  Moscow, Napoleon's expedition to, viii. 200
+
+  Mount Badon, battle of, i. 34
+
+  Mountjoy, Charles Blount, eighth Lord, v. 62
+
+  Mountnorris, Francis Annesley, Lord, v. 290
+
+  Moveables, taxation of,
+    under Henry II., i. 257;
+    under Richard I., 350
+
+  Mowbray, Robert, Earl of Northumberland, i. 192
+
+  Mowbray, Roger, i. 254
+
+  Muhlberg, battle of, iv. 50
+
+  Munster,
+    the Fitz-Maurices in, ii. 377;
+    English conquest of, iii. 329;
+    revolt in, v. 62
+
+  Münster, Bernard van Galen, Bishop of, vi. 227
+
+  Murimuth, Adam of, i. 274; ii. 177
+
+  Murray, James Stuart, first earl of (_see_ Stuart), iv. 199;
+    his policy, _ib._, 200, 201, 205;
+    opposes the Darnley marriage, 223;
+    plots with Elizabeth, 224;
+    rises against Mary, _ib._;
+    defeated, 225;
+    returns, 229;
+    pleads for Morton's recall, 243;
+    goes to France, 244;
+    Regent of Scotland, 259;
+    defeats Mary at Langside, 260, 261;
+    his charges against Mary, 262;
+    murdered, 271; v. 122
+
+  Murray, Sir Robert, vi. 166
+
+  Mysore, sultans of, viii. 131
+
+
+  Nalson's historical collections, v. 72
+
+  Namur
+    surrendered to Lewis XIV., vii. 79;
+    taken by the Allies, 88
+
+  Nanci, battle of, iii. 150
+
+  Nantes, Edict of, revoked, vii. 13
+
+  Nantwich, battle at, vi. 18
+
+  Naples
+    threatened by an English fleet, vii. 223;
+    attacked by Austria, 224
+
+  Napoleon, Emperor of the French (_see_ Buonaparte),
+    his scheme for invading England, viii. 170, 171;
+    victories at Ulm and Austerlitz, 173;
+      at Jena, 174;
+      at Eylau and Friedland, 175;
+    his Berlin Decree, 176;
+    Milan Decree, 181;
+    masters Spain, 185;
+      military successes there, 187;
+    victory at Wagram, 188;
+    seeks the alliance of America, 192;
+    marches on Russia, 198, 200;
+      retreats, 200, 201;
+    last victories, 201;
+    fall, 203;
+    at Elba, 205;
+    re-enters France, 206;
+    raises an army, 207;
+    victory at Ligny, _ib._;
+    defeat at Waterloo, 208-210;
+    exile to St. Helena, 211
+
+  Narbonne sacked by the Black Prince, ii. 260
+
+  Naseby, battle of, vi. 40
+
+  Nash, Thomas, v. 8
+
+  Nassau, Lewis, Count of, iv. 298
+
+  Navarete, battle of, ii. 284
+
+  Navarre, Anthony of Bourbon, king of, iv. 206
+
+  Navy. _See_ Fleet
+
+  Nectansmere, battle of, i. 89
+
+  Neerwinden, battles of, vii. 80; viii. 107
+
+  Nelson, Horatio, viii. 133, 172, 173
+
+  Nennius, i. 3
+
+  Netherlands,
+    their importance to Philip II., iv. 255;
+    rise against him, 256, 297, 298;
+    alliance with Elizabeth, 311;
+    English sympathy with, 323, 324;
+    choose the Duke of Anjou for their sovereign, 336-338;
+    Parma's successes in, 347;
+    prevent Parma joining the Armada, 359;
+    league with France and England, v. 60;
+    submit to Philip V. of Spain, vii. 101;
+    Marlborough's campaigns in, 117, 126, 127;
+    invaded by Lewis XV., vii. 225;
+    war in, 227, 231;
+    conquered by France, viii. 109
+
+  Neufmarché, Bernard of, ii. 47
+
+  Neuss besieged by Charles the Bold, iii. 147-149
+
+  Neville, Alexander, Archbishop of York, ii. 353
+
+  Neville, Anne, iii. 137, 140
+
+  Neville, Cecily, Duchess of York, iii. 73
+
+  Neville, George, Chancellor, iii. 113, 123;
+    Archbishop of York, 113;
+    deprived of the seals, 130;
+    betrays London to Edward, 142
+
+  Neville, Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland, ii. 379
+
+  Neville, house of, iii. 73, 112, 113
+
+  Neville's Cross, battle of, ii. 243
+
+  New Amsterdam, vi. 243
+
+  Newark,
+    king John dies at, i. 356;
+    siege of, vi. 19
+
+  Newburgh, William of, i. 174
+
+  Newbury, battles of, vi. 14, 23, 24
+
+  Newcastle-on-Tyne
+    founded, i. 189;
+    occupied by the Scots, v. 342;
+    besieged by the Scots, vi. 23;
+    Charles I. and the Scots at, 48;
+    Parliament at, ii. 160
+
+  Newcastle, William Cavendish, first Earl, Marquis and Duke of, vi. 4,
+      18, 19
+
+  Newcastle, John Holies, Duke of, vii. 134
+
+  Newcastle, Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of, vii. 218;
+    head of the ministry, 246;
+    refuses subsidy to Russia, 247;
+    jealous of Pitt, 250;
+    resigns, _ib._;
+    joins Pitt in forming a ministry, 251;
+    opposes Pitt, 304;
+    retires, 305
+
+  New England,
+    its settlement, v. 310-314;
+    return of Independents from, vi. 28;
+    its progress, vii. 237, 238
+
+  New Forest, William the Red slain in the, i. 198
+
+  Newgate, Friars at, ii. 12
+
+  New Holland, vii. 277
+
+  New Jersey, vii. 236
+
+  "New men," the, i. 325
+
+  New Orleans, English attempt on, viii. 205
+
+  New River, the, v. 77
+
+  New South Wales, vii. 278
+
+  Newton, Isaac, vi. 167
+
+  Newton, John, viii. 47
+
+  Newtown Butler, battle of, vii. 58
+
+  New York, vi. 243, vii. 236;
+    its Assembly suspended, viii. 4, 14
+
+  New Zealand, vii. 278
+
+  Ney, Marshal, viii. 208, 210
+
+  Niagara, Fort, vii. 243, 244, 267
+
+  Nicholas, Sir Edward, vi. 194, 244
+
+  Nigel, Bishop of Ely and treasurer, i. 218, 219
+
+  Nile, battle of the, viii. 133
+
+  Nimeguen, Peace of, vi. 291
+
+  "Nithing," i. 151, 192
+
+  Noailles, Duc de, vii. 224
+
+  Nonconformity, rise of, vi. 27
+
+  Nonconformists,
+    their position after 1662, vi. 212, 213;
+    attitude in 1665, 229;
+    persecution of, _ib._, 230;
+    the Cabal's dealings with, 251, 252;
+    renewed persecution of, 335;
+    position under James II., vii. 22;
+      under William III., 64;
+      under Anne, 123;
+      under Walpole, 198
+
+  Nonjurors, vii. 65
+
+  Nootka Sound, dispute about, viii. 88
+
+  Norfolk, rising of John the Litster in, ii. 325, 331
+
+  Norfolk, John Howard, first Duke of, iii. 286
+
+  Norfolk, Thomas Howard, second Duke of (_see_ Surrey), iii. 287
+
+  Norfolk, Thomas Howard, third Duke of (_see_ Surrey), iii. 270, 287;
+    his policy, 291, 294;
+    puts down Pilgrimage of Grace, 324;
+    arrests Cromwell, 352;
+    returns to power, iv. 17;
+    hostility to Protestants, _ib._;
+    marches against Scotland, 23, 24;
+    sent to the Tower, 45;
+    leads the royal guard against Wyatt, 83
+
+  Norfolk, Thomas Howard, fourth Duke of, iv. 173;
+    plots with Mary Stuart, 265, 266;
+    sent to the Tower, 268;
+    released, 271;
+    again plots with Mary, _ib._, 272;
+    arrest and death, 274
+
+  Norfolk, Henry Howard, seventh Duke of, vii. 21, 42
+
+  Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, first Duke of (_see_ Nottingham), ii. 372,
+      378
+
+  Norfolk, John Mowbray, third Duke of, iii. 80
+
+  Norfolk, Thomas, Earl of, son of Edward I., ii. 206, 207
+
+  Norfolk, Earls of. _See_ Bigod
+
+  Norham, Parliament at, ii. 136
+
+  Norman, prior of Holy Trinity, Aldgate, i. 223
+
+  Normandy,
+    its relation to English history, i. 154;
+    settlement of northmen in, 127, 141, 155;
+    relations with France, 155, 156;
+      with English kings, 156;
+    Æthelred II. in, 143, 156;
+    condition under William the Conqueror, 158, 159;
+    pledged by Robert to William Rufus, 197;
+    conquered by Henry I., 202;
+    invaded by Lewis VII., 254;
+      by Philip Augustus, 263;
+    laid under interdict, 263;
+    conquered by Philip, 269;
+    ceded by Henry III., ii. 63;
+    invaded by Edward III., 235;
+    conquered by Henry V., iii. 33, 34;
+    Bedford's rule in, 55;
+    regained by Charles VII., 62;
+    historians of, i. 6
+
+  Normans,
+    their settlement, i. 155;
+    temper, _ib._, 158;
+    in England under Eadward the Confessor, 151;
+    their flight, 153;
+    fusion with the English, 200, 281;
+    settlers in London, 303;
+    in Wales, ii. 48
+
+  Norris, Sir John, iv. 367, 368
+
+  North, Francis, Lord Keeper, vii. 10
+
+  North, Frederick, Lord, viii. 16, 28, 33
+
+  Northallerton, battle of, i. 217
+
+  Northampton
+    reduced by Eadward the Elder, i. 119;
+    John's deposition proclaimed at, 333;
+    John and Langton at, 340;
+    Essex musters the Parliamentary army at, vi. 2;
+    Assize of, i. 255;
+    battle of, iii. 75;
+    councils at, i. 237; ii. 120;
+    treaty of, ii. 205
+
+  Northampton, William Bohun, Earl of, ii. 237
+
+  Northampton, George Compton, fourth Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Northampton, Henry Howard, Earl of, v. 191
+
+  Northampton, William Parr, first Marquis of, iv. 47
+
+  North folk, i. 42
+
+  North Foreland, battles off the, vi. 238, 239
+
+  Northmen,
+    their temper, i. 100;
+    attack Britain, 101;
+    settle in Ireland, 103;
+    victorious at Charmouth, _ib._;
+    defeated at Aclea, _ib._;
+    conquer Northumbria and East Anglia, 104;
+    attack Wessex, 105;
+    defeated at Ashdown, _ib._;
+    invade Mercia, _ib._;
+    Alfred's struggle with, 106, 107, 116, 117;
+    attack Wessex, 118;
+    character of their attack, i. 125, 126;
+    fusion with English, 126, 127;
+    their work in England, 129;
+    settle in Iceland, the Orkneys and Hebrides, _ib._;
+    again threaten England, 139;
+    victory at Maldon, _ib._;
+    bought off by Æthelred, 140;
+    mercenaries in England, massacred, 141;
+    settlement in Gaul. _See_ Normandy, Normans
+
+  Northumberland
+    granted to Henry of Scotland, ii. 134;
+    lead-mines in, i. 30
+
+  Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of (_see_ Warwick), iv. 65, 67-69,
+      71
+
+  Northumberland, Henry Percy, first Earl of, ii. 378, 380; iii. 12-14,
+      18, 19
+
+  Northumberland, Henry Percy, second Earl of, iii. 28, 73, 74
+
+  Northumberland, Henry Percy, third Earl of, iii. 80
+
+  Northumberland, Henry Percy, fourth Earl of, iii. 138, 172
+
+  Northumberland, Thomas Percy, seventh Earl of, iv. 268, 269, 274
+
+  Northumberland, Henry Percy, ninth Earl of, iv. 353, 358
+
+  Northumbria, kingdom of (Bernicia and Deira), i. 53, 60;
+    greatness under Eadwine, 62-63;
+    accepts Christianity, 64-65;
+    greatness under Oswald, 67;
+    Irish missionaries in, 69;
+    struggle with Penda, 70-73;
+    Cuthbert's mission-work in, 75, 76;
+    monasteries in, 76, 77;
+    religious strife in, 78-80;
+    its power under Ecgfrith, 86, 87;
+    struggle with the Picts, 88, 89;
+      with Mercia, 89;
+    schools and learning in, 91;
+    repulses Æthelbald, 96;
+    anarchy in, 97;
+    submits to Ecgberht, 102;
+    conquered by northmen, 104;
+    submits to Eadward the Elder, 119;
+    incorporated with Wessex and Mercia by Æthelstan, _ib._;
+      rises against him, 120;
+        against Eadmund, _ib._;
+        against Eadwig, 137;
+    earldom of, 146;
+    revolts against Tostig, 160;
+      against William I., 168;
+    northern, conquered by the Scots, 146
+
+  Norway, its monarchy founded, i. 128, 129
+
+  Norwich,
+    French settlers in, i. 303;
+    clothiers of, resist benevolences, iii. 251;
+    rising at, against Somerset, iv. 55;
+    centre of the worsted trade, 279
+
+  Nothelm, friend of Bæda, i. 94
+
+  Nottingham,
+    Æthelred I.'s treaty with the northmen at, i. 104;
+    one of the Five Boroughs, 117;
+    submits to Eadward the Elder, 119;
+    Edward III. arrests Mortimer at, ii. 207;
+    Charles I. raises his standard at, vi. 2
+
+  Nottingham, Daniel Finch, second Earl of, vii. 28, 88, 124
+
+  Nottingham, Thomas Mowbray, second Earl of, ii. 353, 370.
+    _See_ Norfolk
+
+  Nottingham, John Mowbray, fourth Earl of, iii. 18
+
+  Nova Scotia,
+    French settlers driven from, vii. 242;
+    ceded to England, 307
+
+  Novi, battle of, viii. 140
+
+  Nowell, Alexander, Dean of St. Paul's, iv. 165
+
+  Noy, William, v. 317
+
+  Noyon, treaty of, iii. 234
+
+
+  Oates, Titus, vi. 294-297; vii. 66
+
+  Ockham, William, ii. 276
+
+  Odo, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 137
+
+  Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, i. 167, 183, 189, 191
+
+  Offa, king of Mercia, i. 96-98; ii. 46
+
+  Oglethorpe, General, vii. 236
+
+  O'Hara, General, viii. 109
+
+  Ohio Company, vii. 242
+
+  Olaf, king of Norway, i. 140
+
+  Oldcastle, Sir John, ii. 345; iii. 19.
+    _See_ Cobham
+
+  Olivares, Count of, v. 233
+
+  Olney, treaty of, i. 143
+
+  O'Neal, Sir Phelim, v. 365
+
+  O'Neill, Hugh, vi. 79
+
+  O'Neill, Hugh, second Earl of Tyrone, v. 61, 62
+
+  O'Neill, Owen Roe, vi. 71
+
+  O'Neill, Shane, iv. 240, 241
+
+  Opdam, Admiral, vi. 225
+
+  Orange, William I., Prince of, iv. 264, 297, 300, 312, 338, 347
+
+  Orange, William II., Prince of, vi. 70
+
+  Orange, William III., Prince of. _See_ William
+
+  "Orangemen," viii. 119, 120
+
+  "Ordainers," the Lords, ii. 188
+
+  Ordeal, trial by, i. 239
+
+  Orderic, i. 6, 173
+
+  Orders in Council,
+    Lord Grenville's, viii. 178;
+    Canning's, 181;
+      repealed, 197
+
+  Ordinance,
+    Self-Denying, vi. 35;
+    for suppression of blasphemies and heresies, vi. 60
+
+  Ordinances
+    changed into statutes, ii. 298;
+    of 1311, 189, 191, 194, 195
+
+  Orkneys, Northmen in the, i. 129
+
+  Orleans,
+    Henry V. repulsed from, iii. 36;
+    siege of, 45, 46;
+    relieved, 50, 51
+
+  Orleans, Charles, Duke of, iii. 24, 26, 28
+
+  Orleans, Lewis I., Duke of, iii. 5, 6, 12, 16, 17
+
+  Orleans, Lewis II., Duke of, iii. 170.
+    _See_ Lewis XII.
+
+  Orleans, Philip II., Duke of, Regent of France, vii. 185, 213
+
+  Ormond, James Butler, twelfth Earl of, vi. 16;
+    invites Charles II. to Ireland, 71;
+    besieges Dublin, 76;
+    Duke, 182, 193;
+    Lord Steward, 193;
+    retires, 244;
+    returns to the Council, 278;
+    supports Parliamentary government, vii. 1
+
+  Ormond, James Butler, second Duke of,
+    Warden of the Cinque Ports, vii. 145;
+    joins the Pretender, 168;
+    tries to stir up a rising, 184;
+    commands a Spanish fleet, 187
+
+  Orosius, Ælfred's translation of, i. 114
+
+  Orthez, battle of, viii. 202
+
+  Orvieto, Edward I. visits the Pope at, ii. 102
+
+  Osbern's _Lives of English Saints_, i. 243
+
+  Osgod Clapa, i. 148
+
+  Osney,
+    abbey of, i. 284;
+    annals of, 273
+
+  Oswald, king of Bernicia, i. 67, 69-71
+
+  Oswiu, king of Northumbria, i. 72, 73, 78-81, 86
+
+  Otterbourne's _Chronicle_, ii. 179
+
+  Otto of Saxony, king of the Germans, i. 264;
+    his alliance with John, 334, 337;
+    invades France, 338, 342
+
+  Oudenarde, battle of, vii. 134
+
+  Overbury, Sir Thomas, v. 192
+
+  Oxford,
+    first mention of, i. 305;
+    submits to Swein, 143;
+    siege of, 220;
+    condition after Norman conquest, 306, 307;
+      in the twelfth century, 283-285;
+    relations with Abbey of Abingdon, 306, 308;
+      with London, 308, 309;
+    mayor substituted for reeve, 310;
+    town-life, _ib._, 311;
+    barons swear fealty to Henry Fitz-Empress at, 227;
+    Richard I. born at, 259;
+    Friars settle in, ii. 12;
+    Charles I. at, vi. 3, 4;
+    blockade of, 19;
+    "bargemen" of, i. 308;
+    charters, 309;
+    church of St. Martin, 283, 306, 310;
+      of St. Mary, 287, 288;
+    Jews at, 307; ii. 127-129;
+    merchant-gild, i. 308;
+    Parliament at, ii. 60; v. 246; vi. 226, 322, 323;
+    Portmannimote of, i. 306, 309;
+    Port-meadow, 296, 306;
+    Provisions of, ii. 61;
+    University of, i. 285-287;
+    Gerald of Wales at, 285;
+    a papal legate mobbed at, 287; ii. 42;
+    study of Aristotle at, i. 288, 293, 294;
+    foreign students at, 291;
+    revival of theology at, ii. 14;
+    Roger Bacon at, 16, 17;
+    attitude towards English liberty in thirteenth century, 22;
+    Wyclif at, 276;
+    ordered to condemn and arrest him, 310;
+    condemns him, 337;
+    displaces his opponents, _ib._;
+    Wykeham's College at, 308;
+    Lollardry at, 339-341;
+    Duke Humphrey bequeaths his library to, iii. 40, 161;
+    decay of scholarship at, 98;
+    revival of Greek at, 190, 194, 202;
+    Cardinal College at, 202, 262, 265;
+    Lutheranism at, 262, 263;
+    forced to approve Henry VIII.'s divorce, 292;
+    opposes the royal supremacy, iv. 162;
+    religious changes in, 304;
+    Catholic refugees from, at Douay, 317;
+    protests against the Millenary Petition, v. 152;
+    declares for passive obedience, 170; vii. 1;
+    James II.'s dealings with, 25, 26;
+    Jacobitism in, 184;
+    Methodists at, 205;
+    supports the younger Pitt, viii. 69
+
+  Oxford, Robert de Vere, third Earl of. _See_ Vere
+
+  Oxford, Robert de Vere, ninth Earl of. _See_ Vere
+
+  Oxford, John de Vere, twelfth Earl of, iii. 142, 177
+
+  Oxford, Edward de Vere, seventeenth Earl of, iv. 318, 353, 358
+
+  Oxford, Aubrey de Vere, twentieth Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Oxford, Robert Harley, Earl of (_see_ Harley), vii. 145
+
+
+  Packenham, General, viii. 205
+
+  Palatinate,
+    war in the, v. 220;
+    the Elector driven from, 226;
+    reconquered by Gustavus of Sweden, 276
+
+  Pale, the English,
+    in Ireland, ii. 374;
+      divided into counties, 376
+
+  Pampeluna, siege of, viii. 202
+
+  Pandulf, Cardinal, i. 333, 337, 344; ii. 3, 6
+
+  Papacy, the,
+    its relations with England under Henry III., ii. 1, 26-28, 59;
+    English protests against its exactions, 38, 42;
+    its relations with the Empire, 217, 218;
+      with France, _ib._, 224;
+      with England under Edward III., 218, 219, 221-223, 273-275, 303;
+    complaints of King and Parliament against, 225;
+    private arrangements with Edward III., 296;
+    beginning of its struggle with Luther, iii. 253;
+    England's relations with, under Henry VIII., 288, 289, 297, 299,
+        300;
+    appeals to, forbidden, 302;
+    judicial and financial connexion with, broken, _ib._;
+    its jurisdiction transferred to the Crown, 305, 306;
+    submission to, under Mary, iv. 88, 89;
+    its revival under Paul IV., 99, 100;
+    relations with Elizabeth, 155;
+    position and policy under Pius V., 250-253;
+    under Gregory XIII., 306, 313
+
+  Paris
+    rises against the Regent Charles, ii. 264;
+    threatened by Edward III., 265;
+    Henry VI. crowned at, iii. 55;
+    welcomes Charles VII., 56;
+    besieged by Henry IV. (of France), iv. 369;
+    relieved by Parma, 370;
+    rising in, viii. 83;
+    surrenders to the Allies, 203;
+    Peace of, vii. 307;
+    University of, i. 225, 282, 285, 290
+
+  Paris, Matthew, i. 273; ii. 43, 44
+
+  Parish system, its introduction, i. 84
+
+  Parker, Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 165;
+    his historical collections, v. 4;
+    Strype's _Life of_, iv. 4
+
+  Parker, Bishop of Oxford, vii. 25, 26
+
+  Parkhurst, John, iv. 119
+
+  Parliament,
+    its origin, ii. 156;
+    first scheme for representation of Commonalty in, 61;
+    its summons forbidden by Henry III., 64;
+    knights summoned to, 66, 150, 151;
+    Commons summoned to, 73;
+    representation of boroughs in, _ib._, 120, 121, 152-154;
+    finally constituted in 1295, 156;
+    attempt to include the clergy in, 157;
+    fixed at Westminster, 158;
+    Edward I.'s plan for representation of Scotland in, 171;
+    relations with the Crown, 181-183;
+    protests against papal exactions, 38, 222, 223, 225;
+    demands the dismissal of Gaveston, 187;
+    deposes Edward II., 199;
+    growth of its power, 201;
+    internal developement, _ib._, 202;
+    grouping of Estates in, 202, 203;
+    confirms recognition of Scotch independence, 205;
+    progress under Edward III., 230-232;
+    two Houses, 231;
+    repudiates John's submission to Rome, 275;
+    Edward III.'s relations with, 292;
+    its assent made necessary for subsidies on wool, 298;
+    English language first used in opening, 300, 356;
+    petition for due election of knights to serve in, 300;
+    acknowledges Richard II.'s claim to the succession, 307;
+    refuses to enfranchise serfs, 335;
+    struggle with Richard II., 352;
+      deposes him, iii. 1;
+    recognizes Henry IV., 2;
+      its relations with him, 3, 4, 22, 23;
+    importance at opening of Wars of the Roses, 86;
+    relations with York and Lancaster, 91, 92;
+    suspension under Edward IV., 91, 152;
+    recognizes Henry VII., 174;
+    Henry VIII.'s relations with, 288;
+    asks for Church reform, 290;
+    forbids appeals to Rome, 302;
+    Cromwell's dealings with, iv. 8, 9;
+    More's reverence for, 9;
+    developement under Henry VIII., 9-11;
+    temper under Edward VI., 66;
+    packing of, 67, 234;
+    relations with Mary, 77, 81, 85;
+    advance under Elizabeth, 233-239; v. 56-58;
+    "Admonition to," iv. 296;
+    suspension under Charles I., 272;
+    Pym's theory of, 346, 347;
+    schemes of the Convention for its reform, vi. 99;
+    first representation of Scotland and Ireland in, _ib._, 101;
+    new constitution of, in 1657, 122;
+    its strength and its weakness, 301, 302;
+    secures control over taxation and the army, vii. 61;
+    annual assembly, 62;
+    control over trade, 63;
+    the Whigs' management of, 176;
+    its duration fixed at seven years, 185;
+    relations with the people after the Revolution, 286-288;
+    need for its reform, 289-292;
+    George III.'s dealings with, 308, 309;
+    its dealings with Wilkes, 318;
+    publication of its debates, viii. 11;
+    composition after Union with Ireland, 139;
+    at Berwick, ii. 162;
+    at Coventry, iii. 75;
+    at Gloucester, ii. 289, 315;
+    at Marlborough, 89;
+    at Newcastle, 160;
+    at Norham, 136;
+    at Oxford, 60; v. 246; vi. 226, 323;
+    at St. Albans, ii. 66;
+    at Shrewsbury, 121, 371;
+    at Winchester, 66, 80, 82;
+    at York, 195;
+    the Addled, v. 196;
+    the Barebones, vi. 95;
+    the Cavalier, 201-204, 207;
+    moves to Oxford, 226;
+    its attitude towards France, 228;
+    relations with Charles, 240, 241;
+    rejects a scheme of Protestant comprehension, 252;
+    its distrust of the Cabal, 253;
+    grants a subsidy for the fleet, 260;
+    action in 1673, 271-274;
+      in 1674, 280, 281;
+    Danby's dealings with, 284-286;
+    action in 1678, 290;
+      dissolved, 299;
+    the Convention, vi. 194;
+    its dealings with the regicides, 195, 196;
+    settlement of the nation, 196-198;
+      of the Church, 199, 200;
+    dissolved, 200, 201;
+    the Club, iii. 91;
+    the Good, ii. 177, 304-307;
+    Long, its assembly, v. 349;
+    proceedings in 1640, 350, 351;
+      in 1641, 352-357, 362, 363, 369-371, 373-379;
+    raises an army, 377; vi. 1;
+    alliance with Scotland, 14, 15;
+    takes the Covenant, 16;
+    its ecclesiastical policy, 29, 30;
+    negotiates with Charles, 38;
+    attitude towards religious liberty, 45, 46;
+    proposes terms to the king, 47;
+    sets up Presbyterianism, 50;
+    negotiates with the Army, 54;
+    dealings with heresy, 60;
+    negotiates again with Charles, 63;
+    struggle with the Army, 65, 66;
+    its ruin, 67;
+    the Merciless, ii. 354;
+    the Rump, vi. 66;
+    its unwillingness to dissolve, 74, 77, 81, 84, 87;
+    struggle with the army, 89;
+    driven out, 90, 91;
+    recalled, 149;
+    driven out again, 150;
+    second return and dissolution, 151;
+    the Short, v. 340, 341;
+    the Wonderful, ii. 354;
+    of 1246, 38;
+    of 1248, _ib._;
+    of 1254, 73;
+    of 1257, 59;
+    of 1258, 60;
+    of 1259, 64;
+    of 1260, _ib._;
+    of 1261, 66;
+    of 1264, 71;
+    of 1265, 72, 73, 75, 80, 82, 153;
+    of 1266, 87;
+    of 1267, 89;
+    of 1275, 103, 107;
+    of 1283, 121;
+    of 1289, 123;
+    of 1295, 143, 154, 156, 157, 160;
+    of 1296, 160;
+    of 1309, 187;
+    of 1311, 189;
+    of 1313, 191;
+    of 1322, 195, 196;
+    of 1327, 199;
+    of 1328, 205;
+    of 1340, 231;
+    of 1341, 232;
+    of 1351, 256, 273;
+    of 1354, 299;
+    of 1365, 274;
+    of 1371, 301;
+    of 1376, 289;
+    of 1377, 310, 311;
+    of 1378, 289, 312, 315;
+    of 1379, 289, 316;
+    of 1380, 316;
+    of 1381, 334;
+    of 1385, 352;
+    of 1386, _ib._;
+    of 1388, 353;
+    of 1397, 370;
+    of 1398, 371;
+    of 1399, iii. 1;
+    of 1404, 15;
+    of 1413, 25;
+    of 1426, 91;
+    of 1447, 61;
+    of 1450, 68;
+    of 1451, _ib._;
+    of 1454, 72;
+    of 1455, 74;
+    of 1461, 118;
+    of 1484, 168;
+    of 1485, 174;
+    of 1515, 221;
+    of 1523, 244;
+    of 1529, 284, 288;
+    its action in 1531, 297;
+      in 1534, 305;
+    of 1539, 345;
+    of October 1553, iv. 75;
+    of November 1554, 88;
+    of 1559, 156, 157;
+    of 1563, 214, 215;
+    of 1570, 272;
+    of 1571, 292;
+    of 1581, 319;
+    of 1604, v. 153-155, 157, 160-163;
+    of 1610, 179-182;
+    of 1614, 195, 196;
+    of 1621, 220, 221, 225, 227-229;
+    of 1624, 235;
+    of 1625, 245-247;
+    of 1626, 249, 253;
+    of 1628, 259-264, 268-271;
+    of 1640, _see_ Parliament, Long and Short;
+    of 1654, vi. 101-106;
+    of 1655, 117, 123;
+    reassembles in 1658, 143;
+      its strife with Cromwell, 144;
+      dissolved, 145;
+    of 1659, 148, 149;
+    of 1660, _see_ Parliament, the Convention;
+    of 1661, _see_ Parliament, the Cavalier;
+    of 1679, vi. 299, 300, 304-306, 308;
+    of 1680, 312, 319, 320;
+    of 1681, 322-324;
+    of 1685, vii. 7, 9, 14, 15, 23;
+    of 1687, 23;
+    of 1689, 60-67, 69;
+    of 1690, 69, 88;
+    of 1695, 88, 89;
+    of 1699, 97, 98;
+    of 1701, 101-105, 107;
+    of 1702, 107;
+    of 1705, 125;
+    of 1714, 168;
+    of 1768, viii. 4, 7, 8, 11, 12;
+    of 1784, 69;
+    Irish, of 1634, v. 291, 292;
+      its condition in eighteenth century, viii. 35;
+      rejects free trade with England, 79, 118;
+      action in question of the Regency, 138;
+    Scottish, accepts Calvinism, iv. 187;
+    the Drunken, vi. 180;
+    of 1543, iv. 26, 28;
+    of 1563, 218;
+    of 1566, 228, 229;
+    of 1568, 260;
+    of 1703, vii. 127.
+    _See_ Commons, Lords, Statutes
+
+  Parma, Alexander Farnese, prince of, iv. 312, 337, 347, 348;
+    prepares to invade England, 356;
+    his difficulties, 357, 359;
+    raises the siege of Paris, 370;
+    of Rouen, 371;
+    dies, 373
+
+  Parpaglia, Papal Legate, iv. 191, 192
+
+  Parr, Catharine, iv. 24, 56
+
+  Parry, William, iv. 350
+
+  Parsons, Robert, iv. 318, 320, 345
+
+  Partition Treaty, the first, vii. 93;
+    second, 96
+
+  Passau, treaty of, iv. 65; v. 175
+
+  _Paston Letters_, ii. 180; iii. 104, 154
+
+  Paterson, William, vii. 86
+
+  Patrick, St., i. 68
+
+  "Patriots," the, vii. 203, 204, 218
+
+  Paul III., Pope, iii. 350; iv. 21, 35, 51, 64
+
+  Paul IV., Pope (_see_ Caraffa), iv. 99, 101;
+    his demands on England, 102, 145;
+    on Elizabeth, 155, 156;
+    death, 160
+
+  Paul, emperor of Russia, viii. 137, 160-163
+
+  Paulinus, St., i. 64, 67
+
+  Pavia, battle of, iii. 250
+
+  Peasant Revolt, the, ii. 319-332;
+    its results, 333-335
+
+  Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 118
+
+  Pecock, Bishop of Chichester, iii. 96
+
+  Pedro the Cruel, king of Castille, ii. 282-284
+
+  Peerage, increase of,
+    under James I., v. 200;
+    under Charles I., _ib._;
+    under Charles II., 201.
+    _See_ Lords
+
+  Peerage Bill, vii. 190, 191
+
+  "Peep o' Day Boys," viii. 119
+
+  Pelham, Henry, vii. 218, 226, 246, 250
+
+  Pembroke
+    surprised by the Royalists, vi. 59;
+    besieged by Cromwell, 61;
+    surrenders, 62
+
+  Pembroke, William Herbert, first Earl of, iv. 65, 66, 70, 108, 268
+
+  Pembroke, William Herbert, third Earl of, v. 43
+
+  Pembroke, Thomas Herbert, eighth Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Pembroke, Earls of. _See_ Clare, Marshal, Tudor, Valence
+
+  Pembrokeshire, Flemish and English settlement in, ii. 48
+
+  Pencrych, Richard, ii. 357
+
+  Penda, king of Mercia, i. 66, 70-73
+
+  Pengwern becomes Shrewsbury, i. 98
+
+  Peninsular War, viii. 186-188, 190, 191, 199, 200, 202
+
+  Penn, William, vi. 335
+
+  Pennsylvania, settlement of, vi. 335; vii. 236
+
+  Penry, John, iv. 343
+
+  Pepys, Roger, vi. 203
+
+  Pepys, Samuel, vi. 174;
+    his _Diary_, 157
+
+  Perceval, Spencer, viii. 189, 195, 196
+
+  Perche, Thomas, count of, ii. 2
+
+  Percies, the, ii. 378, 379; iii. 12
+
+  Percy, Henry (Hotspur), ii. 378;
+    constable of North Wales, iii. 10;
+    recovers Conway, 11;
+    defeats the Scots at Homildon Hill, 12;
+    plots against Henry IV., 13;
+    slain, 14
+
+  Percy, Thomas, v. 158
+
+  Périgord restored to Edward III., ii. 266
+
+  Perrers, Alice, ii. 304, 306, 307
+
+  Perth,
+    Convocation at, ii. 171;
+    Protestant riot at, iv. 169
+
+  Perth, James Drummond, fourth Earl of, vii. 17
+
+  Peru conquered by Pizarro, iv. 329
+
+  Peter the Great, Czar of Russia, vii. 189
+
+  Peter of Savoy, ii. 32
+
+  Peterborough
+    founded, i. 86;
+    burnt by northmen, 104
+
+  Peterborough, John Mordaunt, first Earl of, vii. 37
+
+  Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, second Earl of, vii. 126, 131, 133
+
+  Peters, Hugh, vi. 28, 66
+
+  Petition
+    of the Commons to Henry VIII., iii. 290;
+    the Millenary, v. 151;
+    of Right, 260, 261;
+      accepted by Charles I., 263
+
+  Petitions
+    to the king in Parliament, ii. 159;
+    changed into Statutes, iii. 90;
+    Triers of, ii. 159
+
+  "Petitioners" and "Abhorrers," vi. 314
+
+  Petrarch, his influence on Chaucer, ii. 360
+
+  Petre, Father Edward, vii. 20
+
+  Petty, Sir William, vi. 132, 169
+
+  Pevensey, William the Conqueror lands at, i. 162
+
+  Phelips, Sir Robert, v. 247, 248
+
+  Philadelphia, Congress at, viii. 19
+
+  Philip I., king of France, i. 190
+
+  Philip Augustus, king of France,
+    leagues with Richard against Henry II., i. 258;
+    quarrels with Richard, 259, 260;
+    plots with John, 261;
+    struggle with Richard, 263, 264;
+    conquers Normandy, 268, 269;
+    conquers Aquitaine, 270;
+    charged by the Pope to depose John, 333
+
+  Philip III., king of France, ii. 102
+
+  Philip IV., the Fair, king of France,
+    his relations with Scotland, ii. 141, 160;
+    seizes Guienne, 142;
+    truce with Edward, 168;
+      treaty, 170;
+    relations with the papacy, _ib._, 217, 224;
+    his _Royal Book_, iii. 161
+
+  Philip VI., of Valois, king of France, ii. 209;
+    relations with Pope and Emperor, 218;
+    attacks the Agénois and occupies Cambray, 219;
+      withdraws, 220;
+    supports Charles of Blois in Britanny, 233;
+    offers to restore Aquitaine, 235;
+    defeated at Crécy, 237-239;
+    fails against Edward and the Flemings, 244
+
+  Philip, son of Charles V. (Philip II. of Spain), iv. 79, 80;
+    king of Naples, 86;
+    marries Mary, _ib._;
+    person and manners, _ib._;
+    policy in England, 89, 90;
+    lord of Burgundy and king of Spain, 98;
+    leaves England, _ib._;
+      returns, 107;
+    war with France, 108;
+    policy towards Elizabeth, 137, 138, 154, 159, 175;
+      hopes for her conversion, 190;
+    compels Pius IV. to recall Parpaglia, 192;
+    urges Elizabeth to send envoys to Trent, 194;
+    sends help to the Guises, 209;
+    delays the Bull for deposition of Elizabeth, 214;
+    turns towards Mary Stuart, 222;
+    relations with Mary and the Pope, 254, 255;
+    difficulties in the Netherlands, 255, 256;
+    refuses to join the French against England, 268;
+    his rule, 326-328;
+      character, 328;
+      policy, _ib._, 329;
+    king of Portugal, 335;
+    assembles the Armada, 344;
+      despatches it, 356;
+    designs on France, 369;
+    sends troops to the Leaguers, 371;
+    sends a second Armada, v. 60;
+    supports Irish rising, 62
+
+  Philip IV., king of Spain, vi. 190
+
+  Philip, Duke of Anjou, vii. 99, 100;
+    king of Spain (Philip V.), 101, 141, 142, 186
+
+  Philip, Archduke of Austria, iii. 170, 186, 208
+
+  Philiphaugh, battle of, vi. 41
+
+  Philippa of Hainault, wife of Edward III., ii. 198, 245-247
+
+  Philippines,
+    the, conquered by England, vii. 307;
+    restored to Spain, _ib._
+
+  Philpot, John, ii. 312
+
+  Picardy
+    ceded to Burgundy, iii. 120;
+    restored to France, 122
+
+  Pichegru, General, viii. 110
+
+  Pickering, Sir Gilbert, vi. 325
+
+  Picts, the, i. 30;
+    defeated by Hengest and Horsa, 32;
+    own Ecgfrith's supremacy, 88;
+      defeat him at Nectansmere, 89
+
+  _Piers the Ploughman_, ii. 178, 269-272
+
+  Pilgrim Fathers, the, v. 308-310
+
+  Pilgrimage of Grace, iii. 323
+
+  Pillnitz, conference at, viii. 96
+
+  Pinkie Cleugh, battle of, iv. 53
+
+  Pitt, William, vii. 204, 220;
+    opposes treaty with Russia, 247;
+    his relations with Walpole and the Pelhams, 249-251;
+    his lofty spirit, 251-255;
+      patriotism, 255-257;
+      eloquence, 257-259;
+      statesmanship, 259, 260;
+    supports Frederick II., 262, 263;
+    his place among English statesmen, 275, 276;
+    rejects peace with France and supports Frederick, 302;
+    plans of war in 1761, 303;
+    resigns, 304;
+    relations with George III. and the Whigs, 316;
+    denounces the Stamp Act, 327;
+    recalled to office, 328;
+    again withdraws, 329;
+    supports American resistance, 331;
+    demands repeal of the Stamp Act, 331;
+    his policy towards America, 337;
+    attacks the Declaratory Act, 338;
+    forms a ministry, 339, 340.
+    _See_ Chatham
+
+  Pitt, William, the younger, viii. 52, 62;
+    his Reform Bill, 63, 64;
+    Chancellor of the Exchequer, 65;
+    new scheme for parliamentary reform, 67;
+    First Lord of the Treasury, 69;
+    his temper, 70-72;
+      statesmanship, 72-74;
+    his plans of parliamentary reform, 75, 76;
+    finance, 77;
+    treaty of commerce with France, 79;
+    advocates abolition of slave-trade, _ib._;
+    resists the prince's claim to the regency, 84;
+    attitude towards the French Revolution, 84, 86, 88, 89, 91, 95;
+    supports Fox's Libel Act, 92;
+    gives a constitution to Canada, _ib._;
+    endeavours to maintain peace, 102, 103;
+    position after the declaration of war, 104, 105;
+    his financial difficulties, 113, 114;
+    negotiations with France, 121, 126;
+    introduces the Income-Tax, 137;
+    effects union with Ireland, 138, 139;
+    his position during the war, 148-151;
+    revives plans for Catholic emancipation in Ireland, 152-155;
+    retires, 148, 155;
+    opposes Russia, 161;
+    returns to office, 170;
+    subsidizes a league against Napoleon, 172;
+    death, 173, 174
+
+  Pittsburg, vii. 266
+
+  Pius II., Pope, iii. 162
+
+  Pius IV., Pope,
+    his policy, iv. 190, 191;
+    recalls the council to Trent, 192, 193;
+    forbids attendance of Catholics at English Church service, 214
+
+  Pius V., Pope, iv. 226, 250;
+    relations with Philip II., 254, 256;
+    sends envoys to the English Catholics, 264;
+    issues a Bull for deposition of Elizabeth, 265;
+    sanctions the plans of Mary and Norfolk, 272
+
+  Pius VI., Pope, viii. 136
+
+  Pizarro, Francisco, iv. 329
+
+  Place Bill, vii. 62, 82
+
+  Plassey, battle of, vii. 261, 262
+
+  Plattsburg, English attempt on, viii. 205
+
+  Plauen, battle of, vii. 264
+
+  Pleas,
+    Common, Court of, ii. 109;
+    of the Crown, i. 264; ii. 109
+
+  Plymouth (Massachusetts), its foundation, v. 310
+
+  Poinet, Bishop of Winchester, iv. 119, 129, 131
+
+  Poitiers
+    captured by Henry of Derby, ii. 235;
+    battle of, 261-263
+
+  Poitou,
+    Henry III.'s campaign in, ii. 35;
+    ceded to France, 63;
+    recovered by Henry of Derby, 243;
+    restored to Edward III., 266;
+    won by Du Guesclin, 287
+
+  Poland,
+    contested election to the throne of, vii. 214;
+    partitions of, viii. 85, 108
+
+  Pole, Sir Geoffrey, iii. 349
+
+  Pole, John de la, Earl of Lincoln, iii. 176
+
+  Pole, Michael de la, Earl of Suffolk, ii. 350-353
+
+  Pole, Reginald, iii. 333, 349; iv. 20;
+    his attainder reversed, 88;
+    received as Legate, _ib._;
+    chief minister, 98, 99;
+    suspected by the Pope, 102;
+    deprived of the legation, 145;
+    dies, 165
+
+  Pole, Sir Richard, iii. 349
+
+  Pole, William de la. _See_ Suffolk
+
+  "Politicals," the, iv. 139, 141-143
+
+  Poll-tax, ii. 311;
+    renewed under Richard II., 316;
+    resistance to, 319, 321;
+    in 1641, v. 363
+
+  Pont-de-l'Arche seized by Henry V., iii. 33
+
+  Pontefract,
+    Thomas of Lancaster executed at, ii. 195;
+    Richard II. imprisoned at, iii. 7;
+    Pilgrimage of Grace at, 323, 324
+
+  Ponthieu,
+    Harold wrecked on coast of, i. 159;
+    Charles IV. demands homage of Edward II. for, ii. 197;
+    granted in full sovereignty to Edward III., 266;
+    seized by Charles V., 285
+
+  Pontigny, St. Edmund of Canterbury at, ii. 42
+
+  Pontlevoi, battle of, i. 212
+
+  Pontoise,
+    negotiations between France and England at, iii. 35;
+    relieved by Talbot, 56
+
+  Poor Laws, Elizabeth's, iv. 276, 277
+
+  Pope, Alexander, vii. 204, 217, 294-297
+
+  Popish Plot, the, vi. 294-298, 311, 313
+
+  Porter, John, v. 82
+
+  Portland, Breton descent on, iii. 16
+
+  Portland, William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, third Duke of, viii. 104,
+      180, 189
+
+  Portland, Richard Weston, Earl of. _See_ Weston
+
+  Port Mahon taken by the French, vii. 248
+
+  Portmannimote, the, i. 296;
+    of Oxford, 306, 309
+
+  Porto Bello, capture of, vii. 219
+
+  Portreeve, the, i. 315;
+    of London, 303
+
+  Portsmouth,
+    Robert of Normandy lands at, i. 200;
+    Bishop Moleyns of Chichester slain at, iii. 63
+
+  Portsmouth, Louise de Quérouaille, Duchess of, vi. 176, 315, 321; vii.
+      5
+
+  Portugal
+    annexed to Spain, v. 335;
+    its colonies, 330, 336;
+    revolts, vi. 190, 192;
+    joins the Grand Alliance, vii. 119;
+    conquered by Napoleon, viii. 185;
+    Wellesley's campaigns in, 186-188, 190, 191
+
+  Portugal, Don Antonio of, iv. 367
+
+  "Post-nati," v. 162, 163
+
+  Powell, Vavasour, vi. 223
+
+  Powys
+    conquered by Offa, i. 97;
+    annexed by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, ii. 55
+
+  Poynings, Sir Edward, iii. 181
+
+  Pragmatic Sanction, the, vii. 199, 200
+
+  Prague
+    seized by Frederick II., vii. 225;
+    battles of, v. 220; vii. 248
+
+  Prayer, Book of Common, iv. 49, 59;
+    set aside, 76;
+    adopted in Scotland, 118;
+    retained in Essex, 144;
+    restored, 158;
+    declared schismatic by the Pope, 214;
+    bill for its reform, 292;
+    restored again, vi. 208;
+    Scottish, of 1636, v. 327, 328
+
+  Preachers, "poor," ii. 317, 335;
+    unlicensed, forbidden by Convocation, iii. 20, 21
+
+  Presbyterianism in England
+    under Elizabeth, iv. 294, 296;
+    attempts to establish it, v. 58;
+    its relations with Puritanism, 59, 60;
+    established in Scotland, 137, 138, 140, 335;
+    the Long Parliament's relations with, 354, 355; vi. 14, 50;
+    re-established in Scotland, vii. 54
+
+  Presbyterians,
+    their hostility to the sectaries, vi. 45;
+    dominant position after the Restoration, 193;
+    Clarendon's policy towards, 207;
+      Charles II.'s, 209
+
+  Press,
+    censorship of, iv. 343;
+    liberty of, established, vi. 305;
+    growth of its power, viii. 11-13
+
+  Preston,
+    battle of, vi. 62;
+    surrender of Jacobites at, vii. 184
+
+  Prestonpans, battle of, vii. 228
+
+  "Pride's Purge," vi. 65
+
+  "Priests, Simple," ii. 317, 339
+
+  Primers, English, iv. 40
+
+  Printing, introduction of, iii. 155
+
+  Prior, Matthew, vii. 138
+
+  Privy Seals, Elizabeth's, iv. 233
+
+  Proclamations, James I.'s use of, v. 168, 172
+
+  "Protector," office of, offered to Oliver Cromwell, vi. 100
+
+  Protestantism,
+    its area at accession of Pius V., iv. 249, 250;
+    in England, its advance under Edward VI., 59;
+    effects of its spread among the people, 121, 122;
+    growth under Elizabeth, 292, 302-305;
+      position at her death, v. 107-109;
+    in Germany, growth after Peace of Passau, 175;
+    progress in Scotland, iv. 168, 169
+
+  Protestants, English,
+    More's dealings with, iii. 289;
+    their outrages, 343-345;
+    their position after Cromwell's fall, iv. 15, 16;
+    their outrages, 91, 97;
+    martyrdoms, 91-96, 144;
+    growth of extreme views among, 119, 120;
+    attitude towards the royal supremacy, 122;
+    position under Elizabeth, 149;
+    refugees, their leaning to Calvinism, 127;
+    strife among, _ib._, 128;
+    their writings, 128, 129, 133;
+    foreign, in England, 51, 74, 305;
+    German, Union of, v. 177
+
+  Protestation of the Parliament to James I., v. 228, 229
+
+  Provisions
+    of Oxford, ii. 61;
+    of Westminster, 62;
+      annulled by the Pope, 65;
+    by Mise of Amiens, 68
+
+  Prussia,
+    its alliance with England and France, vii. 199;
+    attacked by Napoleon, viii. 174;
+    rises against him, 201
+
+  Prynne, John, v. 305, 306, 329, 352
+
+  Pucklechurch, Eadmund the Magnificent slain at, i. 123
+
+  Puiset, Hugh, Bishop of Durham, i. 260
+
+  Pulteney, William, vii. 204
+
+  Puritanism,
+    its beginnings, iv. 132, 133, 339;
+    its relations with Presbyterianism, v. 59, 60;
+      with Calvinism, 86-88;
+    growth among the people, 88, 89;
+    among the clergy, 89, 90;
+    relation to politics, 91-93;
+    influence on society, 94-95;
+      on conduct, 95-97;
+    its relation to culture, 97, 98;
+    its narrowness, 101, 102;
+    its extravagance, 102-104;
+    its persecution of witches, 106, 107;
+    its doctrinal bigotry, 115;
+      hatred of sectaries, 116-118;
+      wish for reforms, 118, 119;
+    its ideal of the State, vi. 127, 128;
+    its political failure, 129;
+      reaction from, _ib._, 130, 142, 143, 162-165;
+    its fall, 153;
+    its after-results, 154;
+    its epic, 235-237
+
+  Puritans,
+    Elizabeth's relations with, iv. 339, 340;
+    their temper at her death, v. 109, 110;
+    appeal to James I., 151;
+    Laud's dealings with, 295-297;
+    their panic, 301, 302;
+    migration to America, 310-314, 319, 320;
+    Charles II.'s dealings with, vi. 208, 209
+
+  "Purveyance," ii. 290, 298
+
+  Pym, John, v. 262, 344, 345;
+    his political theory, 346, 347;
+    genius, 347, 348;
+    carries Strafford's impeachment, 350;
+    proposals for Church reform, 354;
+    one of the "five members," 373;
+    member of Committee of Public Safety, vi. 1;
+    resists the abolition of Episcopacy, 14;
+    agrees to the adoption of the Covenant, 14, 15;
+    dies, 17;
+    outrage on his corpse, 201
+
+
+  Quakers,
+    persecution of, vi. 230, 231;
+    their settlement in Pennsylvania, 335
+
+  Quarles, Francis, v. 303
+
+  Quebec, capture of, vii. 267, 268
+
+  Queen's County, English settlement of, iv. 111
+
+  Queensberry, William Douglas, first Duke of, vii. 19
+
+  Quiberon, battle of, vii. 265
+
+  Quinci, Saher de, Earl of Winchester, i. 343
+
+  "Quo warranto," ii. 117
+
+
+  Rachentege, i. 221
+
+  Radnor captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 10
+
+  Rædwald, king of East Anglia, i. 59, 62
+
+  Rahere founds St. Bartholomew's Priory, i. 223
+
+  Raikes, Robert, viii. 47
+
+  Raleigh, Sir Walter,
+    discovers Virginia, iv. 345; v. 307;
+    sent to the Tower, 215;
+    last expedition, _ib._, 216;
+    death, 216;
+    his _History of the World_, 4;
+    _Lives of_, iv. 5
+
+  Ralph Niger, i. 174
+
+  Ramillies, battle of, vii. 126
+
+  Randolph, Sir Thomas, ii. 204, 210.
+    _See_ Moray
+
+  Rastadt, treaty of, vii. 141
+
+  Ratæ (Leicester), i. 37
+
+  Ratisbon, conference at, iv. 101
+
+  Ravenspur,
+    Henry of Lancaster lands at, ii. 379;
+    Edward IV. lands at, iii. 141
+
+  Ray, John, vi. 167
+
+  Reading, John Cook, abbot of, hanged, iii. 350
+
+  Redman, Robert, his _Life of Henry V._, ii. 179
+
+  Reeves
+    of towns, i. 296;
+    of royal demesnes, summoned to council at St. Albans, 339
+
+  Reformation
+    in England, iv. 58-60;
+    in Ireland, 62, 63.
+    _See_ Calvinism, Calvinists, Huguenots, Lutherans, Protestantism,
+        Protestants
+
+  Reginald, sub-prior of Canterbury, chosen archbishop, i. 329
+
+  Religion
+    of the old English people, i. 22-24;
+    Christian, _see_ Christianity, Church;
+    revival in twelfth century, 222
+
+  Remonstrance,
+    the Grand, v. 369, 370;
+    of the Council of officers, vi. 64;
+    on the State of the Realm, v. 262, 264
+
+  Renascence, the, iii. 188-190, 195;
+    its influence on English literature, v. 1-3
+
+  Réole, La, captured by Henry of Derby, ii. 234
+
+  Representation,
+    principle of, in old England, i. 20;
+    parliamentary, its origin, ii. 149, 150
+
+  Representation, Humble, of the army, vi. 53
+
+  Repyngdon, follower of Wyclif, ii. 340, 341
+
+  Requesens, governor of the Netherlands, iv. 300, 301, 310
+
+  Reresby's _Memoirs_, vi. 157
+
+  "Reserves," Papal, ii. 28
+
+  Revolution,
+    the English, its effect on the monarchy, vii. 60;
+      on Parliament, 62;
+      on the Church, 63, 64;
+    the French, _see_ France
+
+  Reynolds, Edward, Bishop of Norwich, vi. 200
+
+  Rhode Island, settlement of, v. 313
+
+  Rhys ap Tewdor, Prince of South Wales, i. 246; ii. 48
+
+  Rich, Edmund. _See_ Edmund
+
+  Richard (I.),
+    born at Oxford, i. 259;
+    rebels against Henry II., 254, 258;
+    crowned, 259;
+    releases the Scot-king from homage, ii. 134;
+    crusade, i. 259, 261;
+    prisoner, 261;
+    homage to the emperor, 262;
+    return, _ib._;
+    exactions for his ransom, 350;
+    character, 263;
+    struggle with Philip Augustus, _ib._, 264;
+    builds Château-Gaillard, 265-267;
+    death, 267, 268
+
+  Richard (II.), son of the Black Prince, ii. 303;
+    his claim to the succession questioned, 306;
+    acknowledged by Parliament, 307;
+    king, 311;
+    dealings with the Peasant Revolt, 322-324, 331, 332;
+    his person, character, and policy, 350, 351;
+    opposition to the Parliament, 352;
+    struggle with Gloucester, 353, 354;
+    his rule, 354, 355;
+    campaign in Ireland, 367, 378;
+    change in his temper, 368;
+    marries Isabella of France, _ib._;
+    quarrel with the Commons, 370, 371;
+    tyranny, 372;
+    seizes Lancastrian estates, 373;
+    second expedition to Ireland, 379;
+      return, 380;
+    betrayed to Henry of Lancaster, 381;
+    deposed, iii. 1;
+    prisoner at Pomfret, 7;
+    death, 8;
+    burial, 28;
+    authorities for his reign, ii. 178, 179
+
+  Richard (III.), Duke of Gloucester,
+    patron of Caxton, iii. 161, 163;
+    expedition to Scotland, 163;
+    Protector, 164;
+    King, _ib._;
+    rising against him, 167;
+    his policy, 168, 169, 171;
+    death, 172
+
+  Richard, Earl of Cornwall, ii. 36;
+    heads reforming party among the barons, 37;
+    king of the Romans, 71;
+    taken prisoner, _ib._;
+    spared, by the younger Simon, 80;
+      intercedes for him, 85
+
+  Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy, i. 155, 156
+
+  Richard Fitz-Neal. _See_ Fitz-Neal
+
+  Richard of Devizes, i. 174
+
+  Richardson, Chief-Justice, v. 297
+
+  Richardson, Samuel, vii. 297
+
+  Richelieu, Cardinal, v. 274, 338, 339
+
+  Richelieu, Duke of, vii. 248
+
+  Richmond, Edmund Tudor, Earl of, iii. 165
+
+  Richmond, Margaret, Countess of. _See_ Beaufort
+
+  Ridley, Bishop of London, iv. 91
+
+  Ridolfi, Robert, iv. 265, 272, 273
+
+  Right,
+    Claim of, vii. 51;
+    Petition of, v. 260, 261, 263
+
+  _Rights, Book of_, i. 8
+
+  Rights, Declaration of, vii. 46, 47, 60
+
+  Rishanger, chronicler, i. 273, 274
+
+  Rising, Castle, Queen Isabella imprisoned at, ii. 207
+
+  Rivers, Sir Richard Woodville, first earl (_see_ Woodville), iii. 127,
+      134
+
+  Rivers, Anthony Woodville, second earl (_see_ Scales), iii. 161-163
+
+  Rivoli, battle of, viii. 125
+
+  Rizzio, David, iv. 222, 226, 228
+
+  Robartes, Richard, first Lord, v. 200
+
+  Robartes, John, second Lord, vi. 220, 301
+
+  Robert I., king of Scots. _See_ Bruce
+
+  Robert (II.), Steward of Scotland, ii. 213;
+    king, 286
+
+  Robert III., king of Scots, iii. 7, 15, 16
+
+  Robert (the Magnificent), Duke of Normandy, i. 157
+
+  Robert, son of William the Conqueror, i. 190;
+    Duke of Normandy, 191;
+    pledges Normandy to Rufus, 197;
+    goes on crusade, _ib._;
+      returns, 198;
+    invades England, 200, 201;
+    defeated at Tenchebray, 202
+
+  Robert, Earl of Gloucester, i. 216, 217, 219, 220
+
+  Robespierre, Maximilien, viii. 96
+
+  Robinson, John, v. 308
+
+  Rochelle, La,
+    protests against severance from France, ii. 280;
+    surrendered to France, 287;
+    attempt to relieve it, 291;
+    revolts, v. 256;
+    siege of, _ib._;
+    English expeditions to, 259, 263;
+    surrenders, 266, 274
+
+  Roches, Peter des, Bishop of Winchester and justiciar, i. 341, 347;
+      ii. 32, 34
+
+  Rochester
+    surrenders to William the Red, i. 192;
+      to John, 354;
+    diocese of, i. 83
+
+  Rochester, Robert Carr, Viscount, v. 190-193.
+    _See_ Somerset
+
+  Rochester, Laurence Hyde, Earl of (_see_ Hyde), vii. 2, 20, 98
+
+  Rochester, John Wilmot, second Earl of, vi. 162
+
+  Rockingham, Charles Watson Wentworth, second Marquis of,
+    prime minister, vii. 329, 331;
+    relations with Burke, 332;
+    resigns, 339;
+    draws away from Chatham, viii. 16;
+    returns to office, 38;
+    opposes reform, 64;
+    death, 65
+
+  Rocroi, battle of, vi. 190
+
+  Rodney, Admiral, viii. 40
+
+  Roger, Bishop of Salisbury and justiciar, i. 215, 218, 219
+
+  Roger (the Poor), chancellor, i. 218
+
+  Rogers, John, iv. 91, 95
+
+  _Roland, Song of_, i. 163
+
+  Romance, growth of, i. 246, 247
+
+  Romances,
+    the French, ii. 357;
+      their influence on Chaucer, 360
+
+  Rome,
+    disappearance of its influence in England, i. 41, 44, 45;
+    returns with Augustine, 58, 59;
+    Ælfred's intercourse with, 113;
+    stormed by the Duke of Bourbon, iii. 269
+
+  Romorantin taken by the Black Prince, ii. 261
+
+  Romsey, Abbey of, i. 199
+
+  Rookwood of Euston Hall, iv. 308
+
+  Roper's _Life of More_, iii. 83
+
+  Rosbecque, battle of, ii. 349
+
+  Roses, Wars of the,
+    their beginning, iii. 77;
+    their results, 86, 87
+
+  Ross, General, viii. 204
+
+  Rossbach, battle of, vii. 263
+
+  Rostopchin, Count, viii. 162
+
+  Roucoux, battle of, vii. 231
+
+  Rouen,
+    William I. dies at, i. 190;
+    besieged by Lewis VII., 254, 255;
+    Arthur murdered at, 268;
+    siege of, by Henry V., iii. 33, 34;
+    Jeanne d'Arc burnt at, 54;
+    Henry VI.'s court at, 55;
+    besieged by Henry IV. of France, iv. 371;
+    relieved by Parma, _ib._
+
+  Rouergue restored to Edward III., ii. 266
+
+  "Roundheads," v. 372
+
+  Roundway Down, battle of, vi. 6
+
+  Royal Society, its beginnings, vi. 132, 165, 166
+
+  Rudolf II., Emperor, v. 177
+
+  Runnymede, i. 347
+
+  Rupert, Prince,
+    captures Brentford, vi. 3;
+    his raid on Buckinghamshire, 9, 10;
+    Bristol surrenders to, 12;
+    defeated at Marston Moor, 19, 22;
+    commands royalist ships, 71, 78;
+    struggle with Blake, 78;
+    sea-fights with the Dutch, 238, 277;
+    returns to the Council, 278;
+    his "drops," 166
+
+  Rushworth's collection of State papers, v. 72
+
+  Russell, John, Lord, iv. 47, 56.
+    _See_ Bedford
+
+  Russell, William, Lord,
+    head of the Country party, vi. 272;
+    correspondence with Barillon, 298;
+    takes office, 300;
+    supports the Exclusion, 306;
+    resigns, 315;
+    beheaded, 337;
+    his attainder reversed, vii. 66
+
+  Russell, Edward,
+    signs the invitation to William III., vii. 35;
+    goes to the Hague, 37;
+    commands the fleet, 77;
+    victory at La Hogue, 78;
+    member of the Junto, 85, 88;
+    resigns, 98;
+    impeached, 105
+
+  Russia,
+    its alliance with Maria Theresa, vii. 246;
+    treaty with George II., 247;
+    invaded by Napoleon, 198, 200
+
+  Russia Company, iv. 284
+
+  Ruthin burnt by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 10
+
+  Ruthven, Patrick, third Lord, iv. 225, 228, 230
+
+  Rutland, Edward, Earl of (Duke of Albemarle), iii. 7, 8.
+    _See_ Albemarle
+
+  Rutland, Edmund, Earl of, iii. 78
+
+  Rutland, John Manners, ninth Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Ruyter, Admiral De,
+    his fights with Blake, vi. 88, 115;
+      with Monk and Rupert, 238;
+      with the Duke of York, 268
+
+  Rye-House plot, vi. 337
+
+  Rygge, Robert, chancellor of Oxford, ii. 340
+
+  Ryswick, Peace of, vii. 90, 91
+
+
+  Sacheverell, Dr., vii. 137
+
+  Sackville, Lord John, vii. 265
+
+  Sæberht, king of the East Saxons, i. 59
+
+  St. Albans,
+    risings of townsfolk at, ii. 84, 322, 325, 330-332;
+    battles at, iii. 73, 74, 78;
+    chroniclers of, i. 174, 273; ii. 43, 177;
+    council at, i. 339;
+    Parliament at, ii. 66
+
+  St. Andrews, Cardinal Beaton murdered at, iv. 33
+
+  St. Asaph's, John Trevor, bishop of, iii. 10
+
+  St. Cloud, battle of, iii. 23
+
+  St. Domingo
+    discovered, iv. 329;
+    English descent on, vi. 117
+
+  St. Edmundsbury,
+    abbey of, i. 104;
+    town of, 311-313;
+    battle near, 254;
+    meeting of barons at, 344;
+    strife of town and abbey, ii. 325-330
+
+  St. John, Henry, vii. 124;
+    his political writings, 138;
+    returns to office, 139;
+    intrigues against Marlborough, 140.
+    _See_ Bolingbroke
+
+  St. John, Oliver, v. 341, vi. 81
+
+  St. Leger, Sir Anthony, iv. 62
+
+  St. Lucia conquered by England, vii. 307
+
+  St. Malo, John of Gaunt defeated at, ii. 315
+
+  Saintonge
+    restored to Edward III., ii. 266;
+    won by Du Guesclin, 287
+
+  St. Pierre, Eustache de, ii. 245
+
+  St. Pol, Waleran, count of, iii. 6
+
+  St. Quentin, battle of, iv. 108
+
+  St. Ruth, General, vii. 73
+
+  St. Vincent, Cape, battles of, viii. 40, 127
+
+  St. Vincent, island of, conquered by England, vii. 307
+
+  Saladin tithe, i. 257
+
+  Salamanca, battle of, viii. 199, 200
+
+  Salisbury,
+    cathedral at, ii. 106;
+    Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96
+
+  Salisbury, Margaret, countess of, iii. 349
+
+  Salisbury, Robert Cecil, first earl of. _See_ Cecil
+
+  Salisbury, James Cecil, third earl of, vi. 288
+
+  Salisbury, William Longsword, earl of, i. 337, 342, 343, 345
+
+  Salisbury, William de Montacute, second earl of, ii. 306, 345, 352
+
+  Salisbury, John de Montacute, third earl of, ii. 380; iii. 8, 9
+
+  Salisbury, Thomas de Montacute, fourth earl of, iii. 45
+
+  Salisbury, Richard Neville, earl of, iii. 73, 74, 75, 78, 112
+
+  Salt-springs in Worcestershire, ii. 107
+
+  Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, vii. 30, 45, 65
+
+  Sanders, Nicholas, iv. 316
+
+  Sandwich, Edward Montagu, first earl of, vi. 193, 214
+
+  _San Graal_, poem of the, i. 174, 247
+
+  San Sebastian, siege of, viii. 202
+
+  Santa Cruz, Blake's victory at, vi. 124
+
+  Saratoga, Burgoyne's surrender at, viii. 26
+
+  Sardinia
+    conquered by Spain, vii. 187;
+    the duke of Savoy made king of, 188
+
+  Sarsfield, Patrick, vii. 72, 73
+
+  Sarum, Old, captured by the West Saxons, i. 37
+
+  Saunders, Lawrence, iv. 91
+
+  Sautre, William, iii. 5
+
+  Savile, Sir Henry, v. 229
+
+  Savile, Sir John, v. 284
+
+  Savoy
+    joins the Grand Alliance, vii. 119;
+    joins the Triple Alliance, 187, 188
+
+  "Savoy," the, ii. 32, 263, 321;
+    conference at, vi. 204
+
+  Saxe, Marshal, vii. 226, 231
+
+  Saxons,
+    their early home, i. 10;
+    attack Britain, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34.
+    _See_ East Saxons, Middle Saxons, South Saxons, West Saxons
+
+  Saxony, Frederic III., elector of, iii. 254
+
+  Saxony, Maurice, Duke of, iv. 50, 51, 64
+
+  Say and Sele, James Fiennes, first Lord, iii. 66
+
+  Saye and Sele, William Fiennes, first Viscount, v. 320, 354, 358; vi.
+      194
+
+  Scales, Anthony Woodville, Lord, iii. 130, 131.
+    _See_ Rivers
+
+  Scarborough,
+    Piers Gaveston besieged in, ii. 190;
+    peasant revolt at, 324
+
+  Schmalkald, League of, iii. 336; iv. 36, 50
+
+  Scholasticism, ii. 21, 22;
+    its political influence, 22, 23
+
+  Schomberg, duke of, vii. 70, 71
+
+  Schools,
+    English language supersedes French in, ii. 356, 357;
+    founded by Ælfred, i. 114;
+    under Henry VIII., iii. 200, 201;
+    under Edward VI., 201; iv. 62;
+    under Elizabeth, iii. 201;
+    at Bec, i. 159;
+    at Canterbury, 92;
+    at Jarrow, 91;
+    at York, _ib._;
+    of the Friars, ii. 14;
+    Sunday, viii. 47
+
+  Science, physical,
+    Roger Bacon's plea for, ii. 20;
+    its beginnings in England, iii. 190; vi. 131, 132, 166, 167
+
+  Scone,
+    crowning-place of the Scottish kings, ii. 162;
+    Robert Bruce crowned at, 173;
+    Edward Balliol crowned at, 210;
+    Charles II. crowned at, vi. 82.
+
+  Scotland,
+    its relations with William the Conqueror, i. 189;
+      with William Rufus, 197;
+    three divisions of the kingdom, ii. 131;
+    relations with England in eleventh and twelfth centuries, 132-134;
+    English claims to its homage, 134, 135;
+      claimants of the crown, 136;
+    Edward I. acknowledged as its overlord, 137;
+    question of appeals from, 140;
+    relations with France during Hundred Years' War, 141, 197, 213;
+    submits to Edward I., 161;
+    rises against him, 167-170;
+    its overlordship claimed by the Pope, 170;
+    Edward's first conquest and settlement of, 171, 172;
+      his plan for its representation in English Parliament, 171;
+    rises again, 173;
+    Bruce's successes in, 191-193;
+    truce with England, 196;
+    renewed strife, 204;
+    its independence recognized, 205;
+    struggle with Edward III., 210-214;
+    David Bruce's plans for the succession, 264;
+    relations with Henry IV., iii. 7, 9;
+      with Owen Glyndwr, 11;
+    condition after Neville's Cross, 182, 183;
+    relations with France and England, 184;
+      with Henry VII., 185;
+    condition after 1524, iv. 22, 23;
+    league with France, 23;
+    relations with Henry VIII., 26-28;
+    Hertford's invasion of, 29;
+    Somerset's relations with, 52, 53;
+    Protestantism in, 111, 112, 115, 117;
+    condition under Mary of Guise and the Lords of the Congregation,
+        168, 169;
+    strife of religions in, 218;
+    unites against Mary, 245;
+    condition during minority of James VI., v. 122, 124;
+    work of the Stuarts in, 125, 126;
+    political effect of the Reformation in, 127;
+    character and rise of the people, 129, 130, 135;
+    proposal for its union with England, 154;
+    relations with Charles I., 325-328, 330, 333, 334;
+    revolution in, 334, 335;
+    rising in, 337;
+    seeks help of France, 338, 339;
+    struggle with Charles, 341, 342;
+    pacification, 363;
+    Charles I. in, _ib._, 364;
+    treaty with the English Parliament, vi. 14, 16;
+    first union with England, 85, 108;
+    its first representation in the English Parliament, 99, 101;
+    condition under Cromwell, 108, 109;
+    its union with England dissolved, 180;
+    Covenant abolished and Episcopacy restored in, 181;
+    policy of Lauderdale in, 259;
+    condition under James II., vii. 16, 17;
+    William III. recognized as king in, 51;
+    Jacobite risings in, 52, 183, 228-230;
+    Presbyterianism restored in, 54;
+    union with England, 127-129
+
+  Scots, i. 31;
+    submit to Eadward the Elder, 119;
+    league with Cumbrians and Welsh against Æthelstan, 119, 120;
+    alliance with Eadmund, 123;
+    conquer northern Northumbria, 146;
+    cession of Lothian to, its results, 147;
+    invade England, 217, 254;
+    their mode of warfare, ii. 204, 205;
+    recapture Berwick, 259, 263;
+    defeated at Homildon Hill, iii. 12;
+    besiege York, vi. 18;
+    besiege Newcastle, 23;
+    give up Charles I. to the Parliament, 49;
+    invade England again, 62;
+    defeated at Preston, _ib._
+
+  Scrope, Henry, Lord, iii. 30
+
+  Scrope, Richard, Archbishop of York, iii. 18
+
+  Scutage, i. 233, 257, 344, 350, 351; ii. 104
+
+  "Sea-dogs," the, iv. 331-333
+
+  Sectaries,
+    their rise, v. 117;
+    in London, vi. 28
+
+  Sedgemoor, battle of, vii. 10
+
+  Sedley, Sir Charles, vi. 163
+
+  Selden, John, v. 306, 322
+
+  Seminary priests, the, iv. 307-309, 354;
+    banished, v. 156
+
+  Senlac, i. 162, 163
+
+  Serfs, manumission of, i. 325.
+    _See_ Villeins
+
+  Seven Years' War,
+    its beginning, vii. 248;
+    its importance, 273-275;
+    its end, 307
+
+  Seville, Treaty of, vii. 200
+
+  Seymour, Sir Edward, vi. 253
+
+  Seymour, Jane, iii. 326, 351
+
+  Seymour, Thomas, Lord, iv. 47, 56
+
+  Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley, Cooper, first earl of (_see_ Ashley
+      Cooper),
+    Lord Chancellor, vi. 271;
+    speech on the war, 272;
+    relations with the king, 275;
+    change of policy, 276, 277;
+    dismissed, 278;
+    his plans, 279, 280;
+    committed to the Tower, 288;
+    released, 295;
+    attitude towards the Popish plot, 295-297;
+    correspondence with Barillon, 298;
+    President of the Council, 300;
+    supports the Exclusion, 306, 307;
+    project for Monmouth's succession, 309, 310;
+    dismissed again, 311;
+    revives the plot, 312, 313;
+    struggle with Charles, 313-315, 321, 324;
+    arrested, 324;
+    bill of his indictment thrown out, 334;
+    popularity in London, _ib._;
+    flight and death, 336
+
+  Shakspere, William,
+    his early life, v. 27-31;
+    first plays, 31-35;
+    historical plays, 35-36, 38-40;
+    attitude towards religion, 37, 38;
+    political sympathies, 39, 40;
+    prosperity, 41, 42;
+    gloom, 42-44;
+    last plays, 45, 46;
+    demand for his works in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,
+        vii. 292
+
+  Sharp, Rev. Dr., vii. 18
+
+  Shaxton, bishop of Salisbury, iii. 336, 347
+
+  Shelburne, William Fitzmaurice, second earl of,
+    President of the Board of Trade, vii. 315-319;
+    protests against the prosecution of Wilkes, 318;
+    resigns, 319;
+    advocates repeal of the Stamp Act, 331, 338;
+    takes office under Chatham, 340;
+    resigns office, viii. 6;
+    heads a ministry, 65;
+    makes peace with America, _ib._;
+    resigns, 66.
+    _See_ Lansdowne
+
+  Sheldon, Archbishop of Canterbury, vi. 162
+
+  Sheriffmuir, battle of, vii. 183
+
+  Sheriffs,
+    their position under William I., i. 185;
+    appointment regulated by Provisions of Oxford, ii. 61;
+    functions in the shire-court, 149;
+    disqualified from serving in Parliament, 300
+
+  Ship-money, v. 317;
+    Laud's developement of, 318;
+    Hampden's resistance to, 323;
+    its legality asserted by the judges, _ib._;
+    trial of Hampden's case, 324, 330;
+    judgement on, 331;
+    declared illegal, 352
+
+  Shires, i. 185;
+    restriction of franchise in, iii. 101, 102;
+    the six, of York, i. 295
+
+  Shire-court. _See_ County Court
+
+  Shire-reeves, i. 131
+
+  Shirley, James, v. 303
+
+  Shore, Jane, iii. 117
+
+  Shrewsbury (Pengwern), i. 98;
+    castle at, 168;
+    reduced by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, ii. 55;
+    Parliament at, 121, 371;
+    battle of, iii. 14;
+    Charles I. at, vi. 2
+
+  Shrewsbury, John Talbot, first Earl of (_see_ Talbot), iii. 70, 71
+
+  Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, twelfth Earl and first Duke of, vii. 23,
+      28;
+    signs the invitation to William, 35;
+    sends him funds, 37;
+    Secretary of State, 67;
+    negotiates with James, 77;
+    member of the Junto, 88;
+    President of the Council, 146
+
+  Shropshire ravaged by the Welsh, iii. 19
+
+  Sicily,
+    crown of, offered to Edmund of England, ii. 59;
+    ceded to Savoy, vii. 142, 186;
+    conquered by Spain, 187
+
+  Sidmouth, Henry Addington, first Viscount (_see_ Addington), viii.
+      174, 179, 183
+
+  Sidney, Algernon,
+    supports the Independents, vi. 45;
+    relations with Lewis XIV., 229, 298;
+    holds meetings with Monmouth, etc., 336;
+    beheaded, 337;
+    his attainder reversed, vii. 66
+
+  Sidney, Sir Henry, iv. 241
+
+  Sidney, Sir Philip, v. 6, 7, 11, 12
+
+  Sikhs, the, vii. 234
+
+  Simeon of Durham, i. 6, 173, 243
+
+  Simnel, Lambert, iii. 176
+
+  Siward, Earl of Northumbria, i. 150, 152, 153
+
+  Sixtus V., Pope, iv. 353
+
+  Skeffington, Lord Deputy in Ireland, iii. 328
+
+  Skelton, John, iii. 273; iv. 43
+
+  Slanning, Sir Nicholas, vi. 6
+
+  Slave-trade
+    at Bristol, i. 250;
+    negro, its beginning, iv. 283;
+    in the eighteenth century, viii. 52;
+    proposals for its abolition, _ib._, 79;
+    abolished, 178, 179
+
+  Slavery
+    in Old England, i. 16, 17;
+    dies out, 321, 322
+
+  Sluys, sea-fight off, ii. 228
+
+  Smerwick, slaughter of its garrison, iv. 316
+
+  Smith, Adam, viii. 73
+
+  Smith, John, settler of Virginia, v. 307
+
+  Smith, Sir Sidney, viii. 141
+
+  Smithfield,
+    Priory of St. Bartholomew at, i. 223;
+    Archbishop Boniface's visitation of, ii. 32
+
+  Smollett, Tobias, vii. 297
+
+  Snowdon, Lords of, ii. 53
+
+  Solway Moss, battle of, iv. 25
+
+  Somers, John, vii. 46;
+    member of the Junto, 85;
+    Lord Keeper, 88;
+    retires, 98;
+    impeached, 105;
+    arranges the Union with Scotland, 128;
+    President of the Council, 133;
+      of the Royal Society, vi. 166;
+    death, vii. 182
+
+  Somerset
+    conquered by West Saxons, i. 90;
+    rises against William I., 168;
+    lead-mines in, 30
+
+  Somerset, John Beaufort, Earl of, (Marquis of Dorset), iii. 7
+
+  Somerset, John Beaufort, first Duke of, iii. 59
+
+  Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, second Duke of (_see_ Beaufort),
+    Regent of France, iii. 62;
+    recalled, 67;
+    arrested, 68;
+    released, _ib._;
+    captain of Calais, 69;
+    committed to the Tower, 71, 72;
+      released, 72;
+    slain, 74
+
+  Somerset, Henry Beaufort, third Duke of, iii. 78, 80, 126
+
+  Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, fourth Duke of, iii. 140, 143-145
+
+  Somerset, Robert Carr, Earl of (_see_ Rochester), v. 193, 204-207
+
+  Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of (_see_ Hertford), iv. 46;
+    Protector, 47;
+    his policy, 48, 53, 54;
+    relations with Scotland, 52;
+    victory at Pinkie Cleugh, 513;
+    revolts against, 55;
+    his misrule, 56;
+    fall, 57;
+    beheaded, 65
+
+  Somerset, Charles Seymour, sixth Duke of, vii. 21, 146
+
+  Somerset, Frances, Countess of. _See_ Howard
+
+  Somerset, Margaret, Duchess of, iii. 161
+
+  Somerton captured by Æthelbald, i. 91
+
+  Somerville, plotter, iv. 350
+
+  Soranzo's _Despatches_, iv. 3
+
+  Sophia, Electress of Hanover, vii. 103, 144
+
+  Soult, Marshal, viii. 188, 200, 202
+
+  Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, first Earl of (_see_ Wriothesley),
+      iv. 47
+
+  Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of, v. 41, 43
+
+  Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, fourth Earl of, vi. 193, 244
+
+  South-Engle, i. 37, 119
+
+  Southey, Robert, viii. 135
+
+  South-folk, i. 42
+
+  South-Saxons, kingdom of, i. 34
+
+  South Sea Bubble, vii. 192
+
+  Southwark
+    burnt by William the Conqueror, i. 165;
+    Bishop Beaufort's palace at, attacked, iii. 44
+
+  Spain,
+    its relations with Aquitaine and France, ii. 281, 282;
+    Edward III.'s policy in, 282, 283, 287;
+    its growth under Ferdinand and Isabel, iii. 186;
+    its greatness under Philip II., iv. 325-327;
+    possessions in the New World, 329;
+    ruin of its power, 366;
+    its relations with James I., v. 212-214, 226, 227, 230-233;
+    decline, vi. 113, 190;
+    Cromwell's war with, 117;
+    relations with Charles II., 187;
+      with Lewis XIV., 249, 250;
+    joins the Grand Alliance, vii. 49;
+    dispute for the succession in, 90, 92-94, 98, 99;
+    English descent on, 118;
+    Peterborough's campaign in, 126;
+    attempts to regain its lost possessions, 186-188;
+    end of the succession quarrel, 188;
+    relations with Austria, 199, 200;
+      with France, 213-216;
+    efforts to regain monopoly of trade in America, 216, 217;
+    war with England, 219, 306;
+    cedes Florida, 307;
+    league with France and America, viii. 30;
+    mastered by Napoleon, 185;
+    rises against him, 186;
+    Wellesley's campaigns in, 187, 188, 199, 200;
+    the French driven from, 202
+
+  Speed's _Chronicle_, v. 4
+
+  Spencer, George John, second Earl, viii. 104, 156
+
+  Spenser, Edmund, v. 11-19
+
+  Spice Islands conquered by England, viii. 112
+
+  Spinola, Ambrogio, v. 219, 220
+
+  Spires, Diet of, iv. 19
+
+  _Sports, Book of_, v. 296
+
+  Spottiswood, Archbishop of St. Andrews, v. 326
+
+  Sprigge's _Anglia Rediviva_, v. 73
+
+  Spurs, battle of the, iii. 210
+
+  Stafford fortified by Æthelflæd, i. 118
+
+  Stafford, William Howard, Viscount, vi. 321
+
+  Stafford, Henry, iii. 166
+
+  Stafford, Sir Humphrey, iii. 66
+
+  Stafford, Thomas, iv. 107
+
+  Stair, John Dalrymple, second Earl of, vii. 229
+
+  Stamford,
+    one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;
+    submits to Eadward the Elder, 119
+
+  Stamford Bridge, battle of, i. 162
+
+  Stamford, Henry Grey, first Earl of, vi. 5
+
+  Standard,
+    battle of the, i. 217;
+    Harold's, at Senlac, 163, 164;
+    of Wessex, the Golden Dragon, 96, 163
+
+  Stanhope, James, first Earl, vii. 182, 190, 192
+
+  Stanley, Thomas, Lord, iii. 171, 172
+
+  Stanley, Sir William, iii. 172
+
+  Staple, Gild of the, ii. 304;
+    reform of, under Richard II., 355
+
+  Star-Chamber, Court of, i. 256; ii. 112; iii. 178;
+    regulates the Press, iv. 343;
+    developement under Charles I., v. 278;
+    Laud's use of, 329;
+    its civil jurisdiction abolished by Long Parliament, 363
+
+  States-General, the French, viii. 83;
+    become a National Assembly, 86
+
+  Statutes
+    substituted for Ordinances, ii. 298, 299;
+    Petitions changed into, iii. 90;
+    of Apparel, 65;
+    of Appeals, 302;
+    of Occasional Conformity, vii. 123;
+      repealed, 184:
+    Conventicle, vi. 220;
+    Corporation, 207;
+    Declaratory, vii. 338;
+    of Economical Reform, viii. 64. 76;
+    of First-fruits, iii. 302, 304;
+    Five Mile, vi. 229;
+    of Grace, vii. 69;
+    Habeas Corpus, vi. 305, 306;
+      suspended, vii. 184; viii. 105, 113;
+    of Heresy, iii. 4, 5;
+      repealed, iv. 61;
+      re-enacted, 89;
+    of Indemnity and Oblivion, vi. 194, 196, 204;
+    of Kilkenny, ii. 377;
+    of Labourers, 255;
+      attempts to enforce, 289, 313;
+      demand for their repeal, iii. 65;
+    of Libel, viii. 92;
+    of Liveries, iii. 118, 177;
+    of Maintenance, ii. 355; iii. 105;
+    of Merchants, ii. 122;
+    Mutiny, vii. 61, 62;
+    of Mortmain, ii. 118, 119;
+    Navigation, vi. 86; vii. 310;
+    Poor Laws, iv. 276, 277;
+    Poynings', iii. 181;
+      repealed, viii. 37, 39;
+    of Præmunire, ii. 274, 355;
+    of Provisors, 273, 275, 355;
+    "Quia Emptores," 124, 151;
+    "de Religiosis," 118;
+    of Rights, vii. 60;
+    Schism, 143;
+      repealed, 184;
+    of Security, 129;
+    Septennial, 185;
+    of Settlement, 103, 127;
+    Stamp, 326, 327;
+      American resistance to, 330;
+      Pitt and Shelburne demand its repeal, 331;
+      repealed, 338;
+    of Succession, iii. 317; iv. 45, 67;
+    of Supremacy, iii. 305; iv. 157;
+    Test, iv. 215, 273, 308; vi. 273;
+      James II.'s endeavours to procure its repeal, vii. 22, 23;
+    Toleration, 64;
+    of Treason, ii. 292; iii. 314, 319;
+    Triennial, v. 352; vii. 88;
+    of Union with Scotland, 128;
+    of Union with Ireland, viii. 139;
+    of Uniformity, iv. 159; vi. 208;
+    of Uses, ii. 355;
+    of Wales, 121;
+    of Westminster, the first, 103;
+      second, 122;
+      third, 124;
+    of Winchester, 122;
+    against Witchcraft, v. 105, 106
+
+  Steam-engine, invention of the, viii. 57-59
+
+  Steel Yard, the, iv. 282
+
+  Steele, Richard, vii. 158
+
+  Steinkirk, battle of, vii. 79
+
+  Stephen of Blois, i. 214;
+    chosen king, 215;
+    crowned, 216;
+    his charter, _ib._;
+    revolts against him, 216, 217;
+    quarrel with the Church, 218, 219;
+    struggle with Matilda, 219, 220;
+    proposes to crown his son, 226;
+    treaty with Henry, 227;
+    death, 228
+
+  Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 161, 187
+
+  Stillingfleet, Edmund, vi. 252; vii. 19
+
+  Stirling,
+    battle of, ii. 168;
+    surrenders to Edward, 171;
+    invested by Bruce, 191;
+    Lords of the Congregation muster at, iv. 245
+
+  Stoke, battle of, iii. 176
+
+  Stokes, Peter, ii. 340
+
+  Stow, battle of, vi. 42
+
+  Stowe's _Chronicle_, v. 4
+
+  Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of (_see_ Wentworth),
+    his war policy, v. 340-342;
+    impeached, 350;
+    trial, 356;
+    attainder, 357;
+    death, 361
+
+  Stralsund, siege of, v. 274
+
+  Strassburg seized by Lewis XIV., vi. 335
+
+  Stratford-on-Avon, Shakspere's home at, v. 28, 41, 46
+
+  Stratford-le-Bow, Protestant martyrs at, iv. 144
+
+  Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 232
+
+  Strathclyde,
+    its struggle with Æthelfrith, i. 60;
+    submits to Eadward the Elder, 119
+
+  Streoneshealh. _See_ Whitby
+
+  Strickland, member of Parliament in 1571, iv. 292
+
+  Strode, one of the "five members," v. 373
+
+  Strongbow. _See_ Clare, Richard of
+
+  Strype's historical collections, iii. 84; iv. 3, 4
+
+  Stuart, Arabella, v. 121
+
+  Stuart, Charles Edward, vii. 227-230
+
+  Stuart, Esmé. _See_ Lennox
+
+  Stuart, James Francis, son of James II., vii. 34, 35;
+    known as the "Old Pretender," 103;
+    acknowledged as king by Lewis XIV., 106;
+    attainted, 107;
+    withdraws to Lorraine, 143;
+    plans a rising in Scotland, 183;
+    proclaimed as "James VIII." at Edinburgh, 228
+
+  Stuart, Lord James, Prior of St. Andrews, iv. 114, 199.
+    _See_ Murray
+
+  Stuarts, the,
+    their work in Scotland, v. 125, 126;
+    their lack of sympathy with England, 148, 149
+
+  Stubbs, John, iv. 337, 338
+
+  Stukely, Sir Thomas, iv. 315
+
+  Suchet, General, viii. 191
+
+  Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 320, 323
+
+  Suffolk, Charles Brandon, Duke of,
+    his campaign in France, iii. 247;
+    policy at home, 270, 277;
+    President of the Council, 286;
+    marriage, iv. 46, 69
+
+  Suffolk, Frances Grey, Duchess of, iv. 69
+
+  Suffolk, Henry Grey, Duke of, iv. 65, 69, 82, 84
+
+  Suffolk, Thomas Howard, first Earl of, v. 191, 204
+
+  Suffolk, Michael de la Pole, Earl of. _See_ Pole
+
+  Suffolk, William de la Pole, Earl of, iii. 59, 61-63
+
+  Sunderland, Robert Spencer, second Earl of, vi. 301;
+    opposes the Exclusion, 307, 310;
+      urges Charles II. to yield to it, 319, 321;
+    relations with Charles, vii. 2;
+      with James II., 12;
+    betrays James to William, 37;
+    urges the calling of a Parliament, 39;
+    dismissed, 40;
+    character, 82;
+    his ministerial system, 83, 84, 98
+
+  Sunderland, Charles Spencer, third Earl of,
+    ambassador at Vienna, vii. 125;
+    Secretary of State, 131;
+    his policy, 132;
+    dismissed, 139;
+    in the Stanhope ministry, 190
+
+  Surajah Dowlah, vii. 261, 262
+
+  Surrey, rising in, iii. 64
+
+  Surrey, Thomas Holland, Duke of (Earl of Kent), iii. 7, 8
+
+  Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of, iv. 42-45
+
+  Surrey, Thomas Howard, second Earl of, iii. 210.
+    _See_ Norfolk
+
+  Surrey, Thomas Howard, third Earl of, iii. 244, 248.
+    _See_ Norfolk
+
+  Surrey, Earls of. _See_ Warenne
+
+  Sussex
+    accepts Wulfhere's overlordship, i. 85;
+    conquered by Ine, 90;
+    rising in, iii. 64;
+    Protestant martyrs in, iv. 96;
+    ironworks in, iv. 279.
+    _See_ South Saxons
+
+  Sussex, Thomas Ratcliffe, third Earl of, iv. 111, 240, 241, 269
+
+  Swan, Edward I.'s vow on the, ii. 95, 173, 174
+
+  Sweden united under King Eric, i. 128
+
+  Swein I., king of Denmark, i. 140-143
+
+  Swein II., Estrithson, king of Denmark, i. 167
+
+  Swein, son of Earl Godwine, i. 150, 151, 152
+
+  Swereford, Alexander de, ii. 43
+
+  Swift, Jonathan, vi. 158; vii. 138
+
+  Swineshead, abbey of, i. 356
+
+  Swinford, Catherine, ii. 369; iii. 59
+
+  Sydenham, Thomas, vi. 166
+
+
+  Table, the Round,
+    legends of, i. 247;
+    of Edward I., ii. 95;
+    of Edward III., 249, 290
+
+  "Tables," the, v. 331, 333
+
+  Taillebourg, battle of, ii. 35
+
+  Taillefer, i. 163
+
+  Tailors' gild at Exeter, i. 318
+
+  Talavera, battle of, viii. 188
+
+  Talbot, John, Lord, iii. 56, 63.
+    _See_ Shrewsbury
+
+  Taliesin, ii. 53, 57
+
+  Tallard, Marshal, vii. 120
+
+  Talleyrand, Maurice de, viii. 206
+
+  Tamworth fortified by Æthelflæd, i. 118
+
+  Tancred, king of Sicily, i. 260
+
+  Tangier
+    ceded to England, vi. 192;
+    English garrison withdrawn from, vii. 4
+
+  Taunton
+    founded by Ine, i. 89;
+    Blake's defence of, vi. 78;
+    Monmouth at, vii. 9
+
+  Taxation
+    under the Norman kings, ii. 104;
+    under Richard I., i. 264, 350;
+    under John, 330, 322, 351;
+    regulated by Great Charter, 351; ii. 105, 145;
+    under Edward III., 291;
+    Wolsey's plans of, iii. 245, 246;
+    character under Elizabeth, iv. 233;
+    Parliament regains control over, vii. 60, 61;
+    during the French war, viii. 114, 137;
+    arbitrary, abolished, v. 352;
+    indirect, its introduction and growth, ii. 105;
+    of personal property, i. 257; ii. 105;
+    of boroughs, 152, 153;
+    of wool, 107;
+    of America, schemes for, vii. 311, 326; viii. 3, 4, 14;
+    papal, of the clergy, ii. 42
+
+  Taylor, Jeremy, vi. 134-137, 326
+
+  Taylor, Rowland, iv. 92-94
+
+  Teignmouth burnt by the French, vii. 76
+
+  Temple, Richard Grenville, second Earl, vii. 250, 304, 328, 339
+
+  Temple, Sir Peter, v. 323
+
+  Temple, Sir William,
+    ambassador at Brussels, vi. 227;
+    at the Hague, 249;
+    Secretary of State, 301;
+    reorganizes the council, 302-304;
+    opposes the Exclusion, 307, 311;
+    retires from politics, 315;
+    assents to the Exclusion, 319;
+    his _Memoirs_, 157
+
+  Tenchebray, battle of, i. 202
+
+  Testament, the New, Erasmus's edition of, iii. 213, 215
+
+  Tewkesbury, battle of, iii. 144, 145
+
+  Thames entered by northmen, i. 116
+
+  Thanes, gild of, at Canterbury, i. 299
+
+  Thanet,
+    Jutes land in, i. 31, 32;
+    Augustine lands in, 57, 58
+
+  Thanet, Thomas Tufton, sixth Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Theatre, first public, in London, v. 22
+
+  Thegns, i. 50-52;
+    of the royal household, 132
+
+  Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 223;
+    legate, 225;
+    his policy, 226, 227;
+    study of law in his court, 283;
+    retires from politics, 232;
+    dies, 234
+
+  Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 81, 83, 84;
+    his school at Canterbury, 92
+
+  Theology, revived study of, in thirteenth century, ii. 13, 14
+
+  "Theow," the, i. 322
+
+  Thirty Years' War, its beginning, v. 217, 219;
+    its end, vi. 113
+
+  Thomas of Canterbury, St. _See_ Beket
+
+  "Thorough," Stafford's, v. 292
+
+  Throckmorton, Sir Nicholas, iv. 175
+
+  Thurlow's _State Papers_, v. 73
+
+  Thurstan, Archbishop of York, i. 217
+
+  Ticonderoga, Fort, vii. 244, 266, 267
+
+  Tilbury, muster at, iv. 357, 359
+
+  Tillotson, John, vi. 169, 252; vii. 19;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 65
+
+  Tilly, Count, v. 232
+
+  Tilsit, peace of, viii. 175
+
+  Tin,
+    export of, from Cornwall, iv. 279;
+    mines, i. 30; ii. 107
+
+  Tippermuir, battle of, vi. 23
+
+  Tippoo, Sultan of Mysore, viii. 131, 140
+
+  Tithes, introduction of, i. 84
+
+  Tithing, i. 322
+
+  Titus Livius, his _Gesta Henrici V._, ii. 179; iii. 41
+
+  Tone, Wolfe, viii. 120
+
+  Torbay, William of Orange lands at, vii. 40
+
+  Torgau, battle of, vii. 302
+
+  "Tories,"
+    origin of the name, vi. 315;
+    their policy in 1689, vii. 45, 46;
+    attack Marlborough, 138;
+    their helplessness, 166, 167;
+    withdraw from politics, 167, 168;
+    return, 299;
+    oppose the abolition of the slave-trade, viii. 179;
+    govern during the war with Napoleon, _ib._, 180
+
+  Torres Vedras, Wellington's defence of, viii. 190
+
+  Torrington, Arthur Herbert, Earl of. _See_ Herbert
+
+  Tortulf the Forester, i. 209
+
+  Tostig, Earl of Northumbria, 153, 160-162
+
+  Toulon, revolt of, viii. 109
+
+  Toulouse,
+    battle of, viii. 202;
+    war of, i. 233, 234
+
+  Touraine
+    conquered by the Angevins, i. 212;
+    by Philip Augustus, 269;
+    ceded to France, ii. 63
+
+  Tournaments under Edward III., ii. 251
+
+  Tournay besieged by Edward III., ii. 228
+
+  Tours
+    won by Geoffry Martel, i. 212;
+      by Philip Augustus, 258;
+    council of, 235
+
+  Tourville, Admiral, vii. 75, 78
+
+  Towns, English,
+    their origin, i. 294, 295;
+    early constitution, 296;
+    common lands, _ib._;
+    relation to their lords, _ib._, 297;
+    administration of justice in, 297, 313;
+    emancipation, 300-302;
+    struggle of classes in, 315-318;
+    their liberties secured by Great Charter, 352;
+    settlement of Friars in, ii. 10, 11;
+    support Simon de Montfort, 68, 69;
+    represented in county court, 73;
+    representatives of, summoned to Parliament, _ib._;
+    taxation of, 152, 153;
+    forced labour in, 257;
+    strikes and combinations in, 267;
+    support the House of York, iii. 76;
+    restriction of franchise in, 99-101;
+    Charles II.'s dealings with, vii. 3.
+    _See_ Boroughs
+
+  Townshend, Charles, second Viscount,
+    Secretary of State and Prime Minister, vii. 182, 189;
+    resigns, 190;
+    returns to office, 191;
+    Secretary again under Walpole, 193;
+    turned out, 203
+
+  Townshend, Charles, vii. 247;
+    takes office under Pitt, 250;
+    deserts him, 303;
+    President of Board of Trade, 310;
+    refuses office under Grenville, 315;
+    accepts it again under Chatham, 341;
+    Chancellor of the Exchequer, viii. 3;
+    death, 4
+
+  Townshend's _Journal of Parliamentary Proceedings_, iv. 5
+
+  Township, the Old English, i. 11
+
+  Towton, battle of, iii. 79, 80
+
+  Trade, English,
+    under Eadgar, i. 138;
+    growth after Norman Conquest, 177;
+    regulated by Great Charter, 352;
+    under Edward I., ii. 106, 107, 122;
+    Richard's II.'s care for, 355;
+    increase in fifteenth century, iii. 106;
+    Edward's IV.'s laws for protection of, _ib._;
+    growth under Richard III., iv. 282;
+      under Henry VII., _ib._;
+      under Elizabeth, 279-283; v. 77;
+    struggle of the Commons for its freedom, 57, 58;
+    Parliament gains control over, vii. 63;
+    foreign, regulated by Statute of Staples, ii. 292;
+    extension under Charles I., v. 281;
+    effects of the Continental System on, viii. 177;
+    effect of the American embargo on, 183;
+    growth during the French war, 194;
+    with English colonies in America, monopoly of, vii. 195, 241;
+    with India, vii. 232;
+    with Spanish America, 192, 216;
+    Board of, established, 89.
+    _See_ Iron, Tin, Wool, Slave
+
+  Trade and Plantations, Board for, vii. 240
+
+  Trade-gilds, i. 316-318
+
+  Trafalgar, battle of, viii. 173
+
+  "Trail-bastons," ii. 116
+
+  Treasurer, the,
+    origin of his office, i. 132;
+    right of appointing, claimed for Great Council, ii. 38
+
+  Treaties, commercial,
+    with Florence, iv. 282;
+    with France, viii. 79
+
+  Trent, Council of, iv. 32, 35, 36;
+    dispersed, 51;
+    reassembles, 64;
+    breaks up again, 65;
+    reassembled again, 192
+
+  Tresham, Francis, v. 159
+
+  Tresilian, Chief-Justice, ii. 353
+
+  Trevanion, Sir John, vi. 6
+
+  Trevisa, John of, ii. 357
+
+  Trichinopoly, Clive's relief of, vii. 235
+
+  Triploe Heath, meeting of the army at, vi. 52
+
+  Tristram,
+    story of, i. 247;
+    rimes of, ii. 360
+
+  Trivet's _Annals_, i. 274
+
+  Trokelowe's _Annals_, ii. 177
+
+  Tromp, Martin, vi. 86, 88, 115
+
+  Tromp, Cornelius, vi. 277
+
+  Troyes, treaty of, iii. 35
+
+  Trussel, Sir William, ii. 199
+
+  Tudor, Edmund. _See_ Richmond
+
+  Tudor, Henry. _See_ Henry VII.
+
+  Tudor, Jasper, Earl of Pembroke, iii. 132, 143, 165
+
+  Tudor, Owen, iii. 165
+
+  "Tulchan-bishops," v. 137
+
+  "Tun," the, i. 11, 295
+
+  Tunstall, Cuthbert, iii. 256
+
+  Turenne, Marshal, vi. 124
+
+  Turgot, annalist of Durham, i. 243
+
+  Turin, siege of, vii. 131
+
+  Turkey, schemes for its partition, viii. 161, 162
+
+  Turks capture Constantinople, iii. 189
+
+  Turner, Sir James, v. 73
+
+  Tyburn, Roger Mortimer beheaded at, ii. 207
+
+  Tyler, Walter, ii. 319, 321, 323
+
+  Tyndale, William, iii. 258, 259
+
+  Tyrconnell, Richard Talbot, first Earl and Duke of, vii. 17, 55-57
+
+  Tyrone, rising in, v. 62
+
+  Tyrone, Con O'Neill, first Earl of, iv. 110, 240
+
+
+  Udall, John, iv. 343
+
+  Ulm, capitulation of, viii. 173
+
+  Ulster,
+    John de Courcy in, ii. 374;
+    rising in, under Hugh O'Neill, v. 61, 62;
+    colonization of, 288, 289
+
+  Universities,
+    rise of, i. 282;
+    their cosmopolitan spirit, 290;
+    democratic constitution, 291;
+    relations with the Church, 292, 293;
+    Friars at, ii. 13;
+    revival of theology at, _ib._, 14;
+    English, their decline during Wars of the Roses, iii. 98;
+    the New Learning at, 201, 202;
+    Henry VIII.'s appeal to, 291, 292;
+    decline under Edward VI., iv. 62;
+    James II.'s dealings with, vii. 24-26
+
+  Urban V., Pope, ii. 275
+
+  Uriconium burnt by the West Saxons, i. 38
+
+  Usher, Archbishop of Armagh, v. 290, 353; vi. 199
+
+  Utrecht,
+    treaty of, vii. 141;
+    Union of, iv. 312
+
+  Uxbridge, negotiations at, vi. 38
+
+
+  Vacarius, i. 283, 285
+
+  Valence, Aymer de, Bishop of Winchester, ii. 33
+
+  Valence, Aymer de, Earl of Pembroke, ii. 174, 183
+
+  Valence, William de, Earl of Pembroke, ii. 33
+
+  Val-ès-Dunes, battle of, i. 158
+
+  Valois, Charles of, ii. 208
+
+  Vane, Sir Harry, the elder, vi. 102
+
+  Vane, Sir Harry (the younger),
+    leader of the Independents, v. 354; vi. 45;
+    negotiates with Scotland, 14, 108;
+    opposes ordinance against heresy, 60;
+    re-creates a navy, 78;
+    his policy, 86, 89;
+    attacks the Protectorate, 148;
+    exempted from pardon, 195;
+    executed, 204
+
+  Vannes, Henry of Lancaster sails from, ii. 373
+
+  Varangians, i. 167
+
+  Varaville, battle of, i. 158
+
+  Vassy, massacre of Protestants at, iv. 208
+
+  Vaudois, massacre of, vi. 123
+
+  Vendôme, Louis Joseph, Duke of, vii. 134
+
+  Venner, leader of Fifth-Monarchy men, vi. 182
+
+  Verden, quarrel about, vii. 188, 189
+
+  Vere, Robert de (third Earl of Oxford), i. 343
+
+  Vere, Robert de (ninth Earl of Oxford), ii. 350, 351, 353;
+    Duke of Ireland, 377
+
+  Vere, Sir Horace, v. 219
+
+  Vergil, Polydore, ii. 180
+
+  Verneuil, battle of, iii. 39
+
+  Verney, Sir Edmund, v. 369
+
+  Verney, Sir Ralph, v. 72
+
+  Vernon, Admiral, vii. 219, 221
+
+  Vervins, treaty of, v. 60, 62
+
+  Vesci, Eustace de, i, 335, 347
+
+  Vienne, John de, ii. 349
+
+  Village, the English, i. 10, 11;
+    its organization after the Norman Conquest, 322
+
+  Villars, Marshal, vii. 134
+
+  Villenage
+    unknown in Kent, ii. 320;
+    demand for its abolition in the eastern counties, 321;
+    dies out, 333; iii. 65
+
+  Villeneuve, Admiral, viii. 172
+
+  Villeins, i. 133, 321-323;
+    their relations with the lord, 323-325;
+    rise into yeomen, ii. 240, 241;
+    attempts to check their enfranchisement, 256, 257, 266, 267, 335;
+    revolt of, _see_ Peasant Revolt
+
+  Villeroy, Duke of, vii. 125, 126
+
+  Villiers, George, v. 207-210.
+    _See_ Buckingham
+
+  Vimiera, battle of, viii. 187
+
+  Vinegar Hill, battle of, viii. 130
+
+  Virginia discovered, iv. 345;
+    settled, v. 307, 308;
+    heads resistance to the Stamp Act, vii. 330;
+    remonstrates against taxation, viii. 14;
+    adheres to England, 20
+
+  Vitoria, battle of, viii. 202
+
+  Voltaire, his visit to England, vii. 152
+
+  Volunteers, the Irish, viii. 37
+
+
+  Wace, i. 174, 247
+
+  Wake, Baldwin, ii. 84, 86
+
+  Wakefield, battle of, iii. 78
+
+  Walcourt, skirmish at, vii. 50
+
+  Walcheren, English expedition to, viii. 188
+
+  Walden, Roger, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 371
+
+  Wales,
+    sources of its early history, i. 7;
+    its struggle with Mercia, ii. 46;
+    subject to the West Saxon kings, _ib._;
+    Harold's campaign in, i. 153, ii. 47;
+      William I.'s, i. 189, ii. 47;
+      William II.'s, i. 198, ii. 48;
+    Henry I.'s dealings with, 48;
+    Henry II.'s campaigns in, i. 232; ii. 53, 54;
+    Gerald de Barri's account of, i. 245, 274;
+    John's campaigns in, ii. 54, 55;
+    national revival in, 49-58;
+    Edward's first campaign in, 59;
+    outbreaks in, 65, 66;
+    Edward I.'s annexations in, 109;
+    conquest of, 119-121;
+    incorporated with England, 121;
+    revolts, 142, 143; iii. 9-12;
+    students from, at Oxford, i. 291;
+    Council of, v. 168.
+    _See_ Welsh
+
+  Walker, Obadiah, vii. 25
+
+  Wall, the Roman, i. 30
+
+  Wallace, William, ii. 167-169, 171
+
+  Wallenstein, v. 274
+
+  Waller, Edmund, vi. 325
+
+  Waller, Sir William,
+    defeated at Lansdowne Hill and Roundway Down, vi. 6;
+    his reception by the Parliament, 13;
+    joins Essex, 18, 19;
+    defeated at Cropredy bridge, 22;
+    retires, 35
+
+  Wallingford, treaty of, i. 227
+
+  Wallington, Nehemiah, v. 72, 73, 94
+
+  Wallis, Dr. John, vi. 132
+
+  Wallis, Captain, vii. 277
+
+  Walloons, fugitive Protestant, in England, iv. 51, 58
+
+  Walpole, Robert, vii. 134;
+    his temper, 178;
+    policy, 179-181;
+    in the Townshend ministry, 182;
+    resigns, 190;
+    defeats the Peerage Bill, 191;
+    returns to office, _ib._;
+    head of the Government, 192, 193;
+    his peace policy, 193, 194;
+    finance, 195, 196;
+    his policy of inaction, 197;
+    towards Catholics and Nonconformists, 198;
+    relations with George II., 200;
+    Excise Bill, 195, 201-203;
+    his jealousy of his colleagues, 203;
+    strives to avoid war, 215, 217;
+    loss of his power, 218;
+    consents to war with Spain, _ib._;
+    plans of alliance with Russia and Prussia, 220;
+    fall, 222;
+    rejects the project for an American Excise, 241
+
+  Walsingham, Sir Francis, iv. 119; v. 63
+
+  Walsingham's _History_, i. 274; ii. 177, 179; iii. 98
+
+  Walter of Coutances, Archbishop of Rouen, i. 260, 261, 266
+
+  Walter of Coventry, i. 273
+
+  Walters, Lucy, vi. 176
+
+  Walworth, William, ii. 312, 323
+
+  Wanborough, battle of, i. 90
+
+  Warbeck, Perkin, iii. 180, 181, 184, 185, 187
+
+  Ward, Dr. Seth, vi. 132
+
+  Wareham, northmen encamp at, i. 106
+
+  Warenne, William, sixth Earl of, i. 345
+
+  Warenne and Surrey, John, seventh Earl of, ii. 117
+
+  Warenne and Surrey, John, eighth Earl of, ii. 162, 168
+
+  Warham, William, Archbishop of Canterbury,
+    his patronage of the New Learning, iii. 196-198;
+    protects Colet, 204;
+    helps Erasmus, 212, 215;
+    the seals offered to, 289;
+    death, 303
+
+  Warner's _Albion's England_, v. 35
+
+  Warwick, Guy Beauchamp, second Earl of, ii. 187, 190
+
+  Warwick, Thomas Beauchamp, fourth Earl of, ii. 353, 370, 371
+
+  Warwick, John Dudley, Earl of (_see_ Lisle), iv. 47;
+    puts down revolt in Norfolk, 56;
+    Protector, 57.
+    _See_ Northumberland
+
+  Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of, iii. 73, 75;
+    defeated at St. Albans, 79;
+    victor at Towton, _ib._, 80;
+    his greatness, 112, 113, 118;
+    character, 114, 115;
+    policy, 119, 122;
+    negotiations with Lewis XI., 123, 124;
+    rivalry with the Woodvilles, 127;
+    mission to France, 129;
+    estranged from Edward, 131;
+    submits to him, 132;
+    intrigues with Clarence, 133;
+    revolts, 134, 135;
+    repulsed from Calais, 135;
+    difficulties with Burgundy, 136;
+    alliance with the Lancastrians, 137;
+    lands at Dartmouth, 138;
+    restores Henry VI., 139;
+    slain, 142
+
+  Warwick, Edward Plantagenet, Earl of, iii. 175, 187
+
+  Warwick, Robert Rich, second Earl of,
+    resists a forced loan, v. 255;
+    plans to emigrate, 319;
+    put in command of the fleet, 378
+
+  Warwick, Sir Philip, v. 72
+
+  Washington, George,
+    his attack on Duquesne, vii. 243;
+      takes it, 266;
+    his influence in Virginia, viii. 15;
+    his character, 21, 22;
+    his defence of Boston, 23;
+    evacuates New York, etc., 24;
+    his campaign of 1777, 25;
+    forces Cornwallis to surrender, 32
+
+  Washington city burnt by the English, viii. 204
+
+  "Water-beggars," the, iv. 298
+
+  Waterford besieged by Cromwell, vi. 77
+
+  Waterloo, battle of, viii. 208-211
+
+  Watling Street, i. 120
+
+  Watt, James, viii. 58
+
+  _Waverley, Annals of_, i. 273
+
+  Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester, iii. 66
+
+  Weald, iron-mines in the, ii. 107
+
+  Wearmouth,
+    Benedict Biscop's abbey at, i. 91, 92;
+    plundered by northmen, 101
+
+  Weavers,
+    gild of, i. 317;
+    Flemish, in England under Edward III., ii. 226
+
+  Wedmore, Peace of, i. 107
+
+  Weights, uniformity of, enacted by Great Charter, i. 352
+
+  Welles, Sir Robert, iii. 135
+
+  Wellesley, Sir Arthur,
+    his campaigns in Spain and Portugal, viii. 186, 188.
+    _See_ Wellington
+
+  Wellesley, Richard, Marquis (_see_ Mornington), viii. 140;
+    his devotion to Pitt, 71;
+    words on Pitt's death, 174;
+    Foreign Secretary, 189
+
+  Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, first Viscount and Duke of (_see_
+      Wellesley),
+    his campaigns in Spain and Portugal, viii. 190, 191, 199, 200, 202;
+    enters France, 202;
+    campaign in Belgium, 207-211
+
+  Welsh, the,
+    defeated by Cenwealh, i. 87;
+    by Offa, 97;
+    league with Scots and Cumbrians against Æthelstan, 119;
+    rise against Æthelred II., 139;
+    subdued by Harold, 153; ii. 47;
+    rise against William I., i. 167;
+      against John, 333, 334; ii. 55;
+    national revival, 49-58;
+    ravage Shropshire, iii. 19;
+    Oxford students join Owen Glyndwr, 11;
+    North, tributary to Æthelstan, i. 119, 120;
+    West, become vassals of Æthelstan, i. 120;
+    driven from Exeter, _ib._
+    _See_ Britons, Wales
+
+  Welwood's _Memoirs_, vi. 158
+
+  Wendover, Roger of, i. 273; ii. 43
+
+  Wentworth, Paul, iv. 238
+
+  Wentworth, Peter, v. 56
+
+  Wentworth, Thomas,
+    member for Yorkshire, v. 195, 260, 282-284;
+    policy and character, 285-287;
+    Deputy in Ireland, 290;
+    his rule there, 290-292, 364, 365;
+    returns, 338.
+    _See_ Strafford
+
+  Wenzel of Bohemia, king of the Romans, ii. 348
+
+  Wesley, Charles, vii. 207
+
+  Wesley, John, vii. 207-210
+
+  Wessex,
+    its power under Ceawlin and Cuthwulf, i. 56;
+      fall, _ib._;
+    attacked by Eadwine, 63;
+      subdued, 64;
+    greatness under Ine, 89, 90;
+    civil strife in, 90;
+    subject to Mercia, _ib._, 91;
+    rises against Æthelbald, 96;
+    anarchy in, 97;
+    greatness under Ecgberht, 102;
+    attacked by northmen, 103, 105, 106;
+    revival under Ælfred, 107, 112, 113;
+    submits to Swein, 143;
+      to Cnut, _ib._;
+    its Golden Dragon standard, 96, 163;
+    earldom of, 146.
+    _See_ West Saxons
+
+  Westfold, Harald of, i. 128
+
+  West Indian Company, vi. 223
+
+  West Indies, English conquests in, vii. 307
+
+  Westminster, Eadward the Confessor's abbey at, i. 149;
+    rebuilt by Henry III. ii. 25;
+    completed under Edward I., 106;
+    William I. crowned at, i. 166;
+    the Scotch coronation stone removed to, ii. 162;
+    refounded by Mary, iv. 106;
+    Henry VII.'s chapel in, iii. 174;
+    Assembly of Divines at, vi. 30;
+    Caxton's press at, iii. 156;
+    chapel of St. Stephen at, ii. 290;
+    Chaucer's home at, 366;
+    the Jerusalem Chamber at, iii. 25;
+    Parliament fixed at, ii. 158;
+    Provisions of, 62;
+    Statutes of, 103, 122, 124
+
+  "Westminster, Matthew of," ii. 43
+
+  Westmoreland, Ralph Neville, first Earl of, iii. 14, 18
+
+  Westmoreland, Ralph Neville, fourth Earl of, iii. 323
+
+  Westmoreland, Henry Neville, fifth Earl of, iv. 162
+
+  Westmoreland, Charles Neville, sixth Earl of, iv. 268, 269
+
+  Weston, Lord Treasurer, v. 265;
+    Earl of Portland, 276;
+    revives monopolies, 279;
+    success of his financial measures, 280;
+    death, 315
+
+  Westphalia,
+    kingdom of, viii. 185;
+    treaty of, vi. 113, 187
+
+  West Saxons,
+    foundation of their kingdom, i. 34;
+    defeated by Arthur, _ib._;
+    defeated in a raid upon Chester, 38;
+    take Old Sarum, 37;
+    conquer Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire, _ib._;
+    victory at Deorham, 38, 61;
+    burn Uriconium, 38;
+    driven back across Thames, 85;
+    advance to south-west, 87;
+    defeated at Bensington, 98.
+    _See_ Wessex
+
+  Wexford, massacre at, vi. 77;
+    revolt at, viii. 129
+
+  Wharton, Philip, fourth Lord, v. 343; vi. 288;
+    member of the Junto, viii. 85;
+    Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 133;
+    death, 181
+
+  Whethamstede, Abbot of St. Albans, iii. 40
+
+  "Whiggamore Raid," vi. 62
+
+  "Whigs,"
+    origin of the name, vi. 62, 315;
+    their policy in 1689, vii. 45;
+    struggle with Marlborough and Anne, 132, 133;
+    refuse peace, 136;
+    dismissed from office, 139;
+    invite Marlborough's aid, 145;
+    their relations with the Church, 169;
+      with the Crown, 172, 174;
+      with Parliament, 175, 176;
+    fidelity to the principles of the Revolution, 177;
+    relations with public opinion, 289;
+      with Pitt, 301;
+    the "Old," viii. 104;
+    in Scotland, their outrages, vii. 16
+
+  White, Sir Thomas, iv. 157
+
+  Whitefield, George, vii. 205, 209
+
+  Whitehall built, iii. 236
+
+  Whitelock, Bulstrode, v. 306, 322, 323;
+    his _Memoirs_, 72
+
+  _White Ship_, wreck of the, i. 207, 208
+
+  Whitby (Streoneshealh),
+    Hild's abbey at, i. 77;
+    synod of, 79, 80;
+      its effect on England, 80, 81
+
+  Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 341, 343; v. 58;
+    his Articles, iv. 341, 342; v. 115, 116;
+    Strype's _Life of_, iv. 4
+
+  Whittingham, Dean of Durham, iv. 127
+
+  Wight, Isle of, annexed to Sussex, i. 85
+
+  Wilberforce, William, viii. 48, 52
+
+  Wilfrid, St., i. 79, 92;
+    Eddi's _Life of_, 4
+
+  Wilkes, John, vii. 249;
+    his services to the Constitution, 313;
+    attacks the Government in the _North Briton_, 314, 317, 318;
+    arrested, 318;
+    prosecuted for libel, _ib._;
+    flies to France, _ib._;
+    returned for Middlesex, viii. 5;
+    imprisoned, 6;
+    struggle with the Government, 7;
+    with the House of Commons, _ib._, 8;
+    his proposal for Parliamentary reform, 75
+
+  Wilkins, Dr. John, vi. 132, 166
+
+  William the Conqueror,
+    duke of Normandy, i. 157;
+    visits England, 158;
+    subdues Maine and Britanny, _ib._;
+    his claim on England, 160;
+    lands at Pevensey, 162;
+    exploits at Senlac, 163, 164;
+    chosen king, 165;
+    crowned, 166;
+    returns to Normandy, 167;
+    risings against him, _ib._, 168;
+    his vengeance on the north, 168, 169;
+    march on Chester, 169, 179;
+    master of England, 170;
+    receives the Scot king's fealty, _ib._;
+    his character, 178, 179;
+    rule, 179-181;
+    dealings with feudalism, 181-185;
+      with Old English judicial and administrative organization, 185;
+    finance, 186;
+    dealings with the Church, 187, 188;
+      with Wales, 189; ii. 47;
+    suppresses slave-trade at Bristol, i. 250;
+    last war and death, 190
+
+  William the Red,
+    king, i. 191;
+    revolts against him, _ib._, 192;
+    his rule, 192;
+    dealings with the barons, 193;
+      with the Church, _ib._;
+      with Anselm, 196;
+      with Normandy and Scotland, 197;
+      with Wales, 198; ii. 48;
+    death, i. 198
+
+  William III.,
+    Prince of Orange, vi. 225;
+    his youth, 269;
+    repels the French invasion of Holland, 270, 277;
+    his diplomatic success, 277;
+    plans for his marriage, 283;
+    defeated at Cassel, 289;
+    marriage, 290;
+    plans the Grand Alliance, 317;
+    policy in England, _ib._, 318;
+    visits England, 334;
+    shelters Monmouth, vii. 8;
+    forbidden to visit England, 12;
+    relations with James II., 26-28;
+    invited to England, 35;
+    his preparations, 37;
+    lands at Torbay, 40;
+    his advance, 42;
+    enters London, 44;
+    calls a Convention, _ib._;
+    declines to be Regent, 46;
+    the Crown offered to, 47;
+      he accepts it, 48;
+    his foreign aims, _ib._;
+    dealings with Scotland, 51;
+    signs the warrant for the massacre of Glencoe, 53;
+    relations with Parliament, 62, 63, 66, 69;
+    campaign in Ireland, 71;
+    goes to Flanders, 76;
+    defeated at Steinkirk, 79;
+    struggle with the Commons, 81, 82;
+    treaty with Lewis, 90, 91;
+    policy as to the Spanish succession, 92, 93;
+    his unpopularity, 95;
+    forced to send home his Dutch guards, 97;
+    forms a new Grand Alliance, 107;
+    his relations with Marlborough and Anne, 110;
+    death, 112
+
+  William the Ætheling, i. 207
+
+  William the Lion, king of Scots, i. 255, 259; ii. 134
+
+  William Longsword, duke of Normandy, i. 155
+
+  William, son of Robert of Normandy, i. 203, 208, 213, 214
+
+  William of Jumièges, i. 6
+
+  William of the Long Beard, i. 319, 320
+
+  Williams, Bishop of Lincoln, v. 255, 353, 371
+
+  Williams, Roger, v. 312, 313
+
+  Willis, Thomas, vi. 166
+
+  Willoughby, Hugh, iv. 282; v. 9
+
+  Wiltshire, rising in, iii. 67
+
+  Wiltshire, Thomas Boleyn, Earl of, iii. 291.
+    _See_ Boleyn
+
+  Wiltshire, William Scrope, Earl of, iii. 18
+
+  Winceby, skirmish at, vi. 33
+
+  Winchelsey, Archbishop of Canterbury,
+    opposes Edward I., ii. 163, 165, 170;
+    head of the "Ordainers," 188
+
+  Winchester
+    surrendered to William the Conqueror, i. 165;
+    welcomes Stephen, 215;
+    battle at, 220;
+    pillaged by the younger Simon de Montfort, ii. 82;
+    marriage of Philip and Mary at, iv. 86;
+    Ælfred's abbey at, i. 113;
+    Wykeham's college at, ii. 307;
+    the royal hoard at, 180, 188;
+    Parliament at, ii. 66, 80, 82
+
+  Winchester, William Paulet, first marquis of, iv. 65
+
+  Winchester, John Paulet, fifth marquis of, vi. 42
+
+  Winchester, Charles Paulet, sixth marquis of, vii. 37
+
+  Windebank, Secretary of State, v. 351
+
+  Windham, William, viii. 104, 156, 171
+
+  Windsor Castle
+    seized by John, i. 261;
+    surrendered by Edward to the barons, ii. 67;
+    rebuilt by Edward III., 252
+
+  Winter, Admiral De, viii. 127
+
+  Winthrop, John, v. 311, 313
+
+  Winwæd, battle of, i. 72, 73
+
+  Wippedsfleet, battle of, i. 33
+
+  Wishart, George, iv. 112
+
+  Witchcraft,
+    belief in, v. 105;
+    statute against, 105, 106;
+    Puritan action against, 106, 107
+
+  Witenagemot, the, i. 19, 132, 134, 135
+
+  Wither, George, v. 303
+
+  Witt, John de, vi. 242, 249, 268, 269
+
+  Wolsey, Thomas,
+    his rise, iii. 230;
+    policy, 231;
+    greatness, 236;
+    his industry, 237;
+    legate, 238;
+    negotiations with Francis and Charles, 240, 243;
+    hopes of the Papacy, 240, 241, 249;
+    revives benevolences, 244, 251;
+    demands a forced loan, 244;
+    struggle with the Commons, 245;
+      with the clergy, 246;
+    his power shaken, 253;
+    attitude towards Lutheranism, 261, 263;
+    founds Cardinal College, 202, 263;
+    action in the king's divorce, 269, 270;
+    embassy to France, 271;
+    negotiations with the Pope, _ib._, 272;
+    his unpopularity, 273;
+    commissioner for the divorce, 272;
+    his fall, 279, 280;
+    suppresses monasteries, 311;
+    arrested, 292;
+    death, 293;
+    Cavendish's _Life of_, 83
+
+  Woodstock, Edmund, earl of, ii. 293
+
+  Woodstock, Thomas of, ii. 293.
+    _See_ Gloucester
+
+  Woodville, Elizabeth, wife of Edward IV., iii. 124, 167, 168, 171, 176
+
+  Woodville, Sir Richard, iii. 124.
+    _See_ Rivers
+
+  Woodward, John, vi. 167
+
+  Wool,
+    grants of, by Parliament to the king, ii. 230;
+    taxation of, 107, 164, 298;
+    trade in, under Edward I., 107;
+      under Edward III., 226;
+        monopolized by him, 229;
+    in the eighteenth century, viii. 53
+
+  Woolsack, the Lord Chancellor's, ii. 226
+
+  Worcester,
+    rising at, under Harthacnut, i. 148;
+    threatened by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 18
+
+  Worcester, Thomas Percy, earl of, iii. 13, 14
+
+  Worcester, John Tiptoft, earl of, iii. 162
+
+  Worcester, William of, ii. 179; iii. 40
+
+  Worcestershire, salt springs in, ii. 107
+
+  Wordsworth, William, viii. 135
+
+  Worms,
+    diet at, iii. 254;
+    Tyndale at, 260
+
+  Worsted trade, iv. 279
+
+  Wriothesley, Lord Chancellor, iv. 46.
+    _See_ Southampton
+
+  Wulfhere, king of Mercia, i. 78, 85-87
+
+  Wulfstan, St., bishop of Worcester, i. 192, 250
+
+  Wulfstan explores the coast of Esthonia, i. 113
+
+  Wurmser, General, viii. 123
+
+  Wyatt, Sir Thomas, the elder, iv. 42
+
+  Wyatt, Sir Thomas, the younger, iv. 82, 84, 85
+
+  Wycherly, William, vi. 157, 163
+
+  Wyclif, John, ii. 275-277;
+    his treatise _De Dominio Divino_, 278, 279;
+    commissioner for negotiations with the Pope, 303;
+    his denunciation of Church property, 308, 309;
+    summoned to trial for heresy, 309, 310;
+    his "Simple Priests," 317;
+    denies Transubstantiation, 337;
+    condemned at Oxford, _ib._;
+      at Blackfriars, 339;
+    his English tracts, 338, 356;
+    petition to king and Parliament, 342;
+    his _Fasciculi Zizamorum_, 178;
+    _Trias_, _ib._;
+    his Bible, 178, 343;
+    cited to Rome, 343;
+    death, 344
+
+  Wykeham, William of, bishop of Winchester, ii. 302, 305, 307-309
+
+  Wykes's _Chronicle_, i. 274
+
+  Wyndham, Sir William, vii. 168, 184
+
+  Wolfe, General, vii. 267, 268
+
+
+  Yeoman, the English, ii. 240, 241
+
+  Yonge's (Walter) _Diary_, v. 71
+
+  York,
+    capital of Roman Britain, i. 36;
+    occupied by William I., 167;
+    stormed by rebels, 168;
+    massacre of Jews at, ii. 129;
+    provincial council at, 120;
+    Parliament at, 195;
+    held for Elizabeth by Lord Sussex, iv. 269;
+    Charles I. at, v. 337, 378;
+    besieged by Manchester, Fairfax, and Leven, vi. 18;
+    surrenders, 22;
+    its common pastures, i. 296;
+    school at, 91;
+    six shires of, 295;
+    four wards, 296
+
+  York, Edmund of Langley, Duke of (_see_ Cambridge),
+    supports Richard II., ii. 370;
+    regent, 379
+
+  York, Edward, duke of (_see_ Albemarle, Rutland), iii. 15
+
+  York, Frederick, duke of, viii. 108, 110, 140
+
+  York, Richard, duke of (_see_ Cambridge), iii. 30;
+    Regent of France, 56, 57;
+    recalled, 60;
+    sent to Ireland, 62, 63;
+      returns, 67;
+    struggle with Henry VI., 68-70;
+    Protector of the Realm, 72;
+    marriage, 73;
+    rises in arms, _ib._;
+    Protector again, 74;
+    raises his standard at Ludlow, _ib._;
+    flies to Ireland, 75;
+    victory at Northampton, _ib._;
+    his claims to the crown, 75-77;
+    slain, 78
+
+  York House (Whitehall) built, iii. 236
+
+  Yorkshire,
+    Pilgrimage of Grace in, iii. 322;
+    rise of manufactures in, v. 281
+
+  York Town, Cornwallis's surrender at, viii. 32
+
+  Young, member for Bristol in 1450, iii. 68
+
+
+  Zaragoza, siege of, viii. 187
+
+  Zorndorf, battle of, vii. 263
+
+  _Zürich Letters_, the, iv. 4
+
+  Zutphen, battle of, iv. 349
+
+
+_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+
+This is the index for the 8 volume set of History of the English People.
+It was included at the end of Volume VIII in the original. For ease in
+accessibility, it has been removed and produced as a separate volume.
+
+Words in italics in the original are surrounded by _underscores_.
+
+The following corrections have been made to the text:
+
+     Page 213: Æthelflæd{original has Ætheflæd}, Lady of the
+     Mercians
+
+     Page 222: under the entry, Burgundy, Philip III., withdraws
+     his troops from siege of Orleans{original has Orléans}
+
+     Page 237: under the entry, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII.,
+     Parliament refuses to oust her from the succession{original
+     has sucession}
+
+     Page 244: Gilbert, William, discovers terrestrial{original has
+     terrestial} magnetism
+
+     Page 282: Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley{original has
+     Wroithesley}, fourth Earl of
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the English People, Index, by 
+John Richard Green
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDEX OF ENGLISH HISTORY ***
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+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of History of the English People, Index, by John Richard Green.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+/*<![CDATA[  XML blockout */
+<!--
+    P                        { margin-top: .75em;
+                               text-align: justify; margin-bottom: .75em; }
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+    p.p3 {text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%;} /* instead of header tags, bold and big */
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+    .titlepage LI     { list-style-type: none; }
+
+    .head LI  { list-style-type: none; }
+
+    .chapter .head     { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.3em;
+                         margin-bottom: 0em;}
+    .chapter .head HR  { width: 50%; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;
+                         background-color: gray; }
+
+    .pagenum    { text-indent: 0em; position: absolute; left: 1%;
+                  font-size: 60%; text-align: right; }
+    .blockquot  { margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%; }
+
+    .smcap    {font-variant: small-caps;}
+
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+    .subsubitem {padding-left: 2.5em;}
+
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+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the English People, Index, by 
+John Richard Green
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: History of the English People, Index
+
+Author: John Richard Green
+
+Release Date: May 20, 2008 [EBook #25533]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDEX OF ENGLISH HISTORY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Paul Murray, Lisa Reigel, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<div class="notebox">
+<p>Transcriber's Notes:</p>
+
+<p>This is the index for the 8 volume set of History of the English People.
+It was included at the end of Volume VIII in the original. For ease in
+accessibility, it has been removed and produced as a separate volume.
+Click on the page number to see an image of the page.</p>
+
+<p>More notes <a href="#TN">follow</a> the text.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="titlepage">
+<span class="main">HISTORY<br />
+OF<br />
+THE ENGLISH PEOPLE</span>
+
+
+<div class="byline">BY<br />
+
+<span class="docauthor">JOHN RICHARD GREEN, M.A.<br />
+HONORARY FELLOW OF JESUS COLLEGE, OXFORD</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<span class="sub">INDEX</span>
+
+
+<div class="byline">
+London<br />
+MACMILLAN AND CO., <span class="smcap" style="display: inline;">Ltd.</span><br />
+NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO.<br />
+1896</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="titlepage">
+<ul>
+  <li><i>First Edition, 1879; Reprinted 1882, 1886, 1891.</i></li>
+  <li><i>Eversley Edition, 1896.</i></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-213" id="Page_8-213"></a><a href="./images/213.png">8-213</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<div class="head">
+<hr />
+<ul>
+  <li>INDEX</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<ul class="list">
+<li>Abbot, George, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 341;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Puritanism, v. 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protests against Lady Essex's divorce, 191;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">pleads for help for the Elector Palatine, 218;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">suspended, 255</li>
+
+<li>Abelard, i. 283, 285</li>
+
+<li>Abercromby, General, vii. 266</li>
+
+<li>Abercromby, Sir Ralph, viii. 140, 165</li>
+
+<li>Aberdeen sacked by Montrose, vi. 23</li>
+
+<li>Aberffraw, princes of, ii. 46, 108</li>
+
+<li>Abergavenny besieged by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 11</li>
+
+<li>Abergavenny, Edward Neville, first Lord, iii. 114</li>
+
+<li>Abergavenny, George Neville, tenth Lord, vii. 23</li>
+
+<li>Abermenai, English fleet repulsed from, ii. 54</li>
+
+<li>"Abhorrers," vi. 314</li>
+
+<li>Abingdon, Abbey of, its relations with Oxford, i. 306-308</li>
+
+<li>Abingdon, James Bertie, first Earl of, vii. 23</li>
+
+<li>Aboukir, battle of, viii. 141</li>
+
+<li>Acadia, strife of French and English in, vii. 242, 243</li>
+
+<li>Accursi, Francesco, ii. 102</li>
+
+<li>Aclea, battle of, i. 103</li>
+
+<li>Acre, siege of, viii. 141</li>
+
+<li>Acts of Parliament. <i>See</i> <a href="#Statutes">Statutes</a></li>
+
+<li>Adam of Usk, ii. 178</li>
+
+<li>Adamnan's <i>Life of St. Columba</i>, i. 8</li>
+
+<li>Adams, John, vii. 281</li>
+
+<li><a name="Addington" id="Addington"></a>Addington, Henry, viii. 156, 170.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Sidmouth">Sidmouth</a></li>
+
+<li>Addison, Joseph, vii. 158, 159, 292</li>
+
+<li>Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror, i. 214</li>
+
+<li>Adelard of Bath, i. 282, 293</li>
+
+<li><i>Admonition to the Parliament</i>, iv. 296</li>
+
+<li>Adrian IV., Pope, i. 250</li>
+
+<li>Adrian VI., Pope, iii. 249</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;lfheah, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">translation of, 145</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;lfred, king of Wessex, i. 105;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his struggle with the northmen, 106, 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with them, 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character, 107-110;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rule, 111, 112;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">literary and educational work, 113-115;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">organization of fleet and fyrd, 116;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">second struggle with northmen, <i>ib.</i>, 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Asser's <i>Life of</i>, 5;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Sayings of</i>, 278, 280</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;lfred, son of &AElig;thelred II., i. 147, 148</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;lfric, ealdorman of Central Wessex, i. 140</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;lla, king of Deira, i. 52, 53</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;lle, king of the South Saxons, i. 34</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;sc, king of Kent, i. 49</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelbald, king of Mercia, i. 90, 96</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelbald, king of Wessex, i. 103</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelberht, king of Kent, i. 56, 57, 59, 62, 65</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelberht, king of Wessex, i. 103</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelfl&aelig;d, Lady of the Mercians, i. 117, 118</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelgifu, mother-in-law of King Eadwig, i. 136, 137</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelfrith, king of Northumbria, i. 60, 62</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-214" id="Page_8-214"></a><a href="./images/214.png">8-214</a>]</span>&AElig;theling, the, i. 11</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelred, king of Mercia, i, 89</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelred I., king of Wessex, i. 103-105</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelred II., King, i. 139-141</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelred, ealdorman of Mercia, i. 117</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelric, king of Bernicia, i. 52, 53, 60</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelstan, King, i. 119, 120</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelweard's <i>Chronicle</i>, i. 5</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelwine, ealdorman of East Anglia, i. 139, 140</li>
+
+<li>&AElig;thelwulf, king of Wessex, i. 103</li>
+
+<li>Ag&eacute;nois, dispute about, ii. 197, 198, 209, 219</li>
+
+<li>Agincourt, battle of, iii. 30-32</li>
+
+<li>Agitators, Council of, vi. 52, 53, 57</li>
+
+<li>Agriculture, changes in, under Elizabeth, iv. 278</li>
+
+<li>Aidan, St., i. 69-71</li>
+
+<li>Aids, feudal, ii. 104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"free," 152, 153</li>
+
+<li>Aiguillon</li>
+  <li class="subitem">taken by the Earl of Derby, ii. 234;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieged by John of France, <i>ib.</i>, 235</li>
+
+<li>Aislabie, Chancellor of the Exchequer, vii. 192</li>
+
+<li>Aix-la-Chapelle, peace of, vi. 250; vii. 231</li>
+
+<li>Albany, Robert, first Duke of, iii. 9, 16</li>
+
+<li>Albany, Alexander, third Duke of, iii. 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protector of Scotland, 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Margaret, 247, 248</li>
+
+<li><a name="Albemarle" id="Albemarle"></a>Albemarle, Edward, Duke of, ii. 380; iii. 7.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Rutland">Rutland</a></li>
+
+<li>Albemarle, George Monk, Duke of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Monk">Monk</a>), vi. 193</li>
+
+<li>Albemarle, Stephen, Count of, i. 192</li>
+
+<li>Alberoni, Cardinal, vii. 186-188</li>
+
+<li>Albigenses, ii. 7, 35</li>
+
+<li>Albinus, friend of B&aelig;da, i. 94</li>
+
+<li>Alcwine, letters of, i. 4</li>
+
+<li>Alderman of a gild, i. 299</li>
+
+<li>Aldfrith, king of Northumbria, i. 91</li>
+
+<li>Aldgate, Priory of Holy Trinity at, i. 223</li>
+
+<li>Alen&ccedil;on,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">William the Conqueror's vengeance on, i. 179;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reduced by Henry V., iii. 33</li>
+
+<li>Alen&ccedil;on, Francis, Duke of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Anjou">Anjou</a></li>
+
+<li>Alexander III., Pope, i. 235</li>
+
+<li>Alexander I., Czar of Russia, viii. 164, 180, 198, 202</li>
+
+<li>Alexander III., king of Scots, ii. 135</li>
+
+<li>Alfred of Beverley, i. 246</li>
+
+<li>Alfune founds St. Giles', Cripplegate, i. 223</li>
+
+<li>Algiers bombarded by Blake, vi. 116</li>
+
+<li>Allen, Dr. William, iv. 307, 310, 353, 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Defense of the English Catholics</i>, 354</li>
+
+<li>Alleyn, Joseph, vi. 223</li>
+
+<li>Alliance, Grand, vii. 49;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its success, 79, 80, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">breaks up, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the second, 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Triple, vi. 249; vii. 185</li>
+
+<li>Almanza, battle of, vii. 134</li>
+
+<li>Alva, Ferdinand Alvarez, Duke of, iv. 225, 257, 258, 298, 300, 335</li>
+
+<li>Amboise,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conspiracy of, iv. 175;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">edict of, 217</li>
+
+<li>America,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">early settlements in, iv. 329, 330, 345;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Puritan emigration to, v. 308-314, 319, 320;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English colonies in, vii. 236;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">their progress, 237;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">slavery in, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">education in, 238;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">their political condition, 239, 240;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">relations with England, 241, 243, 244;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">strife with the French, 249;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">Pitt's policy in, 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with England after the Seven Years' War, 280-283;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Bute's policy towards, 310, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Grenville's, 320, 321, 326;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English and American theories of their relation to England, 320-325;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">renewed attempt at taxation of, viii. 3, 4, 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with England, 22-26, 32;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">French settlements in, vii. 232, 242, 243;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">ceded to England, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Spanish conquests in, iv. 329, 330;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English trade with, vii. 216;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">United States of, declare their independence, viii. 24;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with France, 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">peace with England, 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">importance of their independence, 42-44;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">increase of their carrying trade through the Continental System, 177;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">embargo on trade with Europe, 182;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">pass an Act of Non-Intercourse with England and France, 183;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">repeal it, 184;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">cease intercourse with Great Britain, 192;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with England, 198, 203-205</li>
+
+<li>Amherst, General, vii. 266, 267, 269</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-215" id="Page_8-215"></a><a href="./images/215.png">8-215</a>]</span>Amiens,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Mise of, ii. 68;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Peace of, viii. 167</li>
+
+<li>Ancrum Moor, battle of, iv. 29</li>
+
+<li>Anderida (Pevensey) destroyed by Saxons, i. 34</li>
+
+<li>Andr&eacute;, Bernard, his <i>Life of Henry VII.</i>, iii. 83</li>
+
+<li>Andredsweald, the, i. 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by northmen, 116</li>
+
+<li>Andrewes, Lancelot, Bishop of Winchester, v. 267</li>
+
+<li>Aneurin, ii. 49, 53</li>
+
+<li>Angeln, i. 9</li>
+
+<li>Anglesea</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Eadwine, i. 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reduced by an English fleet, ii. 109;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English routed in, 120</li>
+
+<li>Angoul&ecirc;me</li>
+  <li class="subitem">taken by Henry of Derby, ii. 234;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regained by John of Normandy, <i>ib.</i></li>
+
+<li>Angoumois</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored to Edward III., ii. 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">won by Du Guesclin, 287</li>
+
+<li>Angus, Archibald Douglas, sixth (or ninth) Earl of, iii. 231; iv. 22, 29, 52</li>
+
+<li>Anhalt, Christian, Duke of, v. 177</li>
+
+<li><a name="Anjou" id="Anjou"></a>Anjou,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">documents for early history of, i. 7;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">counts of, 208-213;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Philip Augustus, 269;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">cession of, ii. 63</li>
+
+<li>Anjou, Francis, Duke of, iv. 313, 316, 336-338, 348</li>
+
+<li><a name="Henry_Anjou" id="Henry_Anjou"></a>Anjou, Henry, Duke of, iv. 297, 298.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Henry_III">Henry III.</a>, king of France</li>
+
+<li>Anjou, Ren&eacute;, Duke of, iii. 61</li>
+
+<li>Anlaf, the sea-king, i. 120</li>
+
+<li><i>Annales Angli&aelig; et Scoti&aelig;</i>, i. 274</li>
+
+<li><i>Annales Cambri&aelig;</i>, i. 7</li>
+
+<li>Anne, daughter of James, Duke of York, vi. 309; vii. 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forsakes her father, 42;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the Churchills, 109-111;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Queen, 112;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her "Bounty," 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resistance to the Whigs, 133;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">temper and policy, 135, 136;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">breaks with the Duchess of Marlborough, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">threat to the Electress Sophia, 144;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismisses Oxford, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 146</li>
+
+<li>Anne of Bohemia, wife of Richard II., ii. 348, 367</li>
+
+<li>Anne of Cleves, wife of Henry VIII., iii. 351; iv. 17</li>
+
+<li>Anselm, St., i. 193-196;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop of Canterbury, 196;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with William Rufus, <i>ib.</i>, 197;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recalled, 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowns Matilda, 200;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Henry I., 201</li>
+
+<li>Antonio, Don, claimant of Portugal, iv. 367</li>
+
+<li>Antwerp,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its trade with England, iv. 257;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refugees from, 305, 324;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sacked, 310;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders to Parma, 349</li>
+
+<li>Appeal, Court of, i. 256</li>
+
+<li>Appeals to the Pope, ii. 222;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protest of Edward III. against, 274;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forbidden, iii. 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">from Scotland, Edward I.'s claim to, ii. 140</li>
+
+<li>Appellant, the Lords, ii. 353, 354, 371</li>
+
+<li><a name="Aquitaine" id="Aquitaine"></a>Aquitaine,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry Fitz-Empress's relations with, i. 226, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolts against Richard I., 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">secured by Eleanor for John, 268;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Philip Augustus, 270;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward III. does homage for, ii. 209;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">granted him in full sovereignty, 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">change in its attitude towards the English king, 280;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Spain, 282;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejects the hearth-tax, 285;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its barons appeal to France, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regained by France, 287, 288;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">granted by Richard II. to John of Gaunt, 369.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Guienne">Guienne</a></li>
+
+<li>Archangel, discovery of, iv. 283</li>
+
+<li>Archers, the English, ii. 241, 242; iii. 31</li>
+
+<li>Architecture</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Edward I., ii. 105, 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">domestic, its developement under Elizabeth, iv. 285-287</li>
+
+<li>Arcola, battle of, viii. 123</li>
+
+<li>Arcot seized by Clive, vii. 235</li>
+
+<li>Argyle, Archibald Campbell, fourth Earl of, iv. 114</li>
+
+<li>Argyle, Archibald Campbell, fifth Earl of, iv. 223, 230, 245, 260</li>
+
+<li><a name="Argyle" id="Argyle"></a>Argyle, Archibald Campbell, eighth Earl and first Marquis of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Lorne">Lorne</a>), v. 341;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his relations with Charles I., 363, 364;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Inverlochy, vi. 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored to power, 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proclaims Charles II. king, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 181; vii. 8</li>
+
+<li>Argyle, Archibald Campbell, ninth Earl of, vii. 8, 9</li>
+
+<li>Argyle, John Campbell, second Duke of, vii. 146, 183</li>
+
+<li>Aristotle, Edmund Rich lectures on, i. 288, 293</li>
+
+<li>Arkwright, Richard, viii. 60</li>
+
+<li>Arles, kingdom of, i. 262</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-216" id="Page_8-216"></a><a href="./images/216.png">8-216</a>]</span><a name="Arlington" id="Arlington"></a>Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Bennet">Bennet</a>),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Secretary of State, vi. 245;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy in Triple Alliance, 248, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles's confidant in the Treaty of Dover, 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismissed, 281</li>
+
+<li>Arlotta, mother of William the Conqueror, i. 157</li>
+
+<li>Armada, the Spanish,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its gathering, iv. 344;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sails, 356;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">off the Lizard, 357;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its force, 360;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reaches Calais, 361;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its flight, 362;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ruin, 363;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its results, 364, 365;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the second, v. 60</li>
+
+<li>Armagnac, Bernard, Count of, iii. 16, 17</li>
+
+<li>Arminians, the, v. 114, 266</li>
+
+<li>Arms, Assize of, i. 257</li>
+
+<li><a name="Army" id="Army"></a>Army, the English,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its double character, ii. 240;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the feudal, its composition, ii. 239;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">raised by the Parliament against Charles I., vi. 1;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the Associated Counties, 8, 13, 18;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the New Model, 35-37;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its character and policy, 50-52;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seizes the king, 53;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its "Humble Representation," <i>ib.</i>, 54;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marches on London, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiates with the Parliament, 54;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with the king, 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">enters London, 56;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resolves to bring Charles to account, 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invades Scotland, 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demands justice on the king, 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the Parliament, 65, 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">mutiny in, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">petitions for a new Parliament, 87;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the Rump, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recalls the Rump, 149;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">drives it out again, 150;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Monk, 150, 151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its dissolution, 153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles II.'s, 182, 183; vii. 4;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">increased by James II., 11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Catholic officers in, 14, 15;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament's control over it established, vii. 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reduced under William III., 97;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">increased again, 105, 107</li>
+
+<li>Army Plot, v. 359, 360</li>
+
+<li>Arnold, General, viii. 23</li>
+
+<li>Arran, James Hamilton, second Earl of, iv. 26, 199</li>
+
+<li>Arras, treaties of, iii. 56, 120, 170</li>
+
+<li>Arteveldt, Jacques van, ii. 227, 233</li>
+
+<li>Arteveldt, Philip van, ii. 349</li>
+
+<li>Arthur, leader of the Britons, i. 34;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">legends of, 246, 247; ii. 57</li>
+
+<li>Arthur of Britanny, i. 247, 260, 268</li>
+
+<li>Arthur, son of Henry VII., iii. 186, 187</li>
+
+<li>Articles of Religion, 1536, iii. 333, 337, 338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Five, iv. 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Forty-two, 59, 160;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Six, iii. 346;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">repealed, iv. 48;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Thirty-nine, 59, 216;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">magistrates and public officers compelled to subscribe to, 273;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">subscription of ministers to, v. 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Three (Whitgift's), iv. 341, 342; v. 115, 116</li>
+
+<li>Articles, Lords of the, iv. 228</li>
+
+<li>Artillery,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first instance known of its use in field warfare, ii. 237;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">results of its introduction, iii. 95, 96</li>
+
+<li>Arundel, Thomas, Bishop of Ely, ii. 352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop of Canterbury, 367, 370, 371, 373;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">persecuting tendencies, iii. 4;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">urges Richard II.'s death, 7;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prevents confiscation of Church property, 15, 21;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">removed from the chancellorship, 25;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">convicts Lord Cobham of heresy, 27</li>
+
+<li>Arundel, Richard Fitz-Alan, fourth Earl of, ii. 353, 367, 370, 371</li>
+
+<li>Arundel, Henry Fitz-Alan, twelfth Earl of, iv. 173, 267, 268</li>
+
+<li>Arundel, Thomas Howard, fourteenth Earl of, v. 248</li>
+
+<li>Arundell of Wardour, Henry, third Lord, vi. 256, 296; vii. 20</li>
+
+<li>Ascham, Roger, iv. 134, 135</li>
+
+<li>Ashdown, battle of, i. 105</li>
+
+<li><a name="Ashley" id="Ashley"></a>Ashley, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Lord (<i>see</i> <a href="#Cooper">Cooper</a>), vi. 194;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes the Act of Uniformity, 208;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character, 216, 217;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy, 218, 219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Chancellor of the Exchequer, 245;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">change in his attitude on the question of toleration, 252;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">advises a dissolution, 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">schemes of toleration, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards war with Holland, 260.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Shaftesbury">Shaftesbury</a></li>
+
+<li>Assandun, battle of, i. 143</li>
+
+<li>Assembly, the French National, viii. 86</li>
+
+<li>Asser, i. 5, 113</li>
+
+<li>Assize</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Arms, i. 257;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Clarendon, 238;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the Forest, 267;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Northampton, 255</li>
+
+<li>Astley, Sir Jacob, vi. 42</li>
+
+<li>Aston, Sir Arthur, vi. 76</li>
+
+<li>Athelney,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">&AElig;lfred at, i. 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">abbey at, 114</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-217" id="Page_8-217"></a><a href="./images/217.png">8-217</a>]</span>Athenree, battle of, ii. 376</li>
+
+<li>Athlone captured by the English, iii. 329</li>
+
+<li>Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of Rochester, vii. 167</li>
+
+<li>Audley, James Touchet, Lord, iii. 74</li>
+
+<li>Aughrim, battle of, vii. 73</li>
+
+<li>Augsburg,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conference at, iv. 21;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty of, vii. 27</li>
+
+<li>Augustine, St., Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 57-59</li>
+
+<li>Austerlitz, battle of, viii. 173</li>
+
+<li>Australia, vii. 278</li>
+
+<li>Austria, Charles, Archduke of, iv. 193, 195</li>
+
+<li>Austria, Don John of, iv. 310-312</li>
+
+<li>Auxerre, battle near, iii. 39</li>
+
+<li>Avaux, Count of, vii. 59</li>
+
+<li>Avesbury, Robert of, ii. 177</li>
+
+<li>Avignon, the Popes at, ii. 216, 217, 221, 224</li>
+
+<li>Avowal, the, v. 268</li>
+
+<li>Avranches taken by Henry V., iii. 33</li>
+
+<li>Axholme, the Disinherited at, ii. 84, 85</li>
+
+<li>Aylesford, battle of, i. 33</li>
+
+<li>Aylmer, John, iv. 119</li>
+
+<li>Ayrshire, rising in, vi. 62</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Babington, Anthony, iv. 351, 352</li>
+
+<li>Bacon, Francis, v. 46-55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his political career, 222-224;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">last years, 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Life of Henry VII.</i>, iii. 83</li>
+
+<li>Bacon, Sir Nicholas, iv. 152</li>
+
+<li>Bacon, Roger, i. 293; ii. 14-19;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Opus Majus</i>, 19-21</li>
+
+<li>Badajoz stormed, viii. 199</li>
+
+<li>Badbury, battle of, i. 34</li>
+
+<li>Badby, Thomas, iii. 22</li>
+
+<li>Badlesmere, Lady, ii. 195</li>
+
+<li>B&aelig;da, i. 91-95;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>History</i>, 4, 94</li>
+
+<li>Baillie's <i>Letters</i>, v. 73</li>
+
+<li>Bale, Bishop of Ossory, iv. 63, 109, 119, 128, 129</li>
+
+<li>Ball, John, ii. 268, 269, 318, 319, 336</li>
+
+<li>Balliol, Edward,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">acknowledged as king of Scots at the English court, ii. 204;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seizes the crown, 210;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">driven out, 211;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored, 212;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">withdraws to England, 213, 214;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns, 253</li>
+
+<li>Balliol, John,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">claimant of the Scottish crown, ii. 136;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists Edward's claim to receive appeals, 140;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with France, 160;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defies Edward, 161;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">released and goes to France, 170</li>
+
+<li>Balmerino, Arthur Elphinston, sixth Lord, vii. 230</li>
+
+<li>Bamborough</li>
+  <li class="subitem">founded by Ida, i. 52;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by Penda, 71</li>
+
+<li>Bancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 341; v. 156, 165</li>
+
+<li>Bank of England founded, vii. 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">suspends specie payments, viii. 126</li>
+
+<li>Bankers, foreign, in England, under Edward I., ii. 106, 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expelled, 189</li>
+
+<li>Bannockburn, battle of, ii. 192, 193</li>
+
+<li>Bantry Bay, battle in, vii. 68</li>
+
+<li>Baptists, rise of the, vi. 28</li>
+
+<li>Barbour, John, ii. 177</li>
+
+<li>Barbury Hill, battle of, i. 37</li>
+
+<li>Bardolf, Thomas, Lord, iii. 18, 19</li>
+
+<li>Bards, the Welsh, ii. 53, 56; iii. 11</li>
+
+<li>Barebones, Praise-God, vi. 95</li>
+
+<li>"Bargemen" of Oxford, i. 308</li>
+
+<li>Barham Down, muster at, i. 333; ii. 74</li>
+
+<li>Barillon, French ambassador in England, vi. 298</li>
+
+<li>Barlow, Bishop of St. David's, iii. 336</li>
+
+<li>Barnes, Robert, iii. 262</li>
+
+<li>Barnet, battle of, iii. 142</li>
+
+<li><i>Barnwell, Annals of</i>, i. 174, 273</li>
+
+<li>Barons,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their struggle with William I., i. 188-190;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with William Rufus, 191, 192;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Henry I., 201, 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">misdoings under Stephen, 220, 221;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry II.'s dealings with, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">change in their attitude towards crown and people, 325;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with John, 332, 338, 339, 343;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">alliance with the Welsh against him, ii. 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">meeting at St. Edmund's, i. 344;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Brackley, 346;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rise in arms, <i>ib.</i>, 347;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">confer with John at Runnymede, 347;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">excommunicated by Innocent III., 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">call Lewis of France to their aid, 355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">feudal party among, ii. 4, 5;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuse an aid to the Pope, 27;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuse subsidies to Henry III., 34, 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their plan of reform, 37, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league against Henry III., 59, 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expel the foreigners, 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their rule, <i>ib.</i>, 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">divisions among, 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rise in arms, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submit <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-218" id="Page_8-218"></a><a href="./images/218.png">8-218</a>]</span>to arbitration, 68;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Lewes, 70, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position after the war, 114;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Edward I., 115-117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">decrease in numbers, 146, 147;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Edward I., 164-166;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Edward II., 184, 190;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Edward III., relations with the crown, 293;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with the Church, 294;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their decline, iii. 94-96;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effect of the French war on, 103, 104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new race of, under Henry VIII., iv. 13, 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the northern, plot against Elizabeth, iv. 266, 267;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">rise, 268;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">defeated, 269;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"greater" and "lesser," ii. 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the Exchequer, i. 206;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of London, 319</li>
+
+<li>Barrier, the Dutch, vii. 102, 182</li>
+
+<li>Barrow, Isaac, vi. 167</li>
+
+<li>Bartholomew's Day, St.,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the English, vi. 209;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the French, iv. 299</li>
+
+<li>Basing House, siege of, vi. 42</li>
+
+<li>Basle, treaty of, viii. 111</li>
+
+<li>Bassano, battle of, viii. 123</li>
+
+<li>Basset, Philip, ii. 66</li>
+
+<li>Basset, Thomas, i. 345</li>
+
+<li>Bastille, capture of the, viii. 83</li>
+
+<li>Bastwick, John, v. 329</li>
+
+<li>Bates's case, v. 161</li>
+
+<li>Bath, the thegns of Wessex submit to Swein at, i. 143</li>
+
+<li>Bath, Henry de, ii. 33</li>
+
+<li>Battle Abbey, i. 164</li>
+
+<li>Baug&eacute;, battle of, iii. 36</li>
+
+<li>Bautzen, battle of, viii. 201</li>
+
+<li>Bavaria, Maximilian, Duke of, v. 177, 219</li>
+
+<li>Bavaria, Maximilian Emmanuel, Elector of, vii. 101, 102</li>
+
+<li>Bavaria, Joseph, Electoral Prince of, vii. 92, 94</li>
+
+<li>Baxter, Richard,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his address to Richard Cromwell, vi. 147;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his eminence as controversialist and pastor, 210;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his account of the expelled clergy, 222;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports a scheme of comprehension, 252;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses the Indulgence, vii. 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Autobiography</i>, vi. 157</li>
+
+<li>Bayeux</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrendered to Henry V., iii. 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">northmen of, i. 155, 156</li>
+
+<li>Baylen, surrender of French troops at, viii. 186</li>
+
+<li>Bayonne submits to Charles VII., iii. 69</li>
+
+<li>Beachy Head, battle of, vii. 75</li>
+
+<li>Beaton, Cardinal, iv. 24, 33, 34</li>
+
+<li>Beauchamp, Edward Seymour Lord, v. 66, 121</li>
+
+<li><a name="Edmund_Beaufort" id="Edmund_Beaufort"></a>Beaufort, Edmund, Earl of Dorset, iii. 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Regent of France, 60.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Edmund_Somerset">Somerset</a></li>
+
+<li>Beaufort, Henry, Bishop of Winchester,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">chancellor, iii. 25, 43;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Humphrey of Gloucester, 44;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Cardinal and Legate, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Bedford, 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">retires, 59</li>
+
+<li>Beaufort, John. <i>See</i> <a href="#John_Somerset">Somerset</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="Margaret_Beaufort" id="Margaret_Beaufort"></a>Beaufort, Margaret, iii. 165, 166, 172</li>
+
+<li>Beaujeu, Anne of, iii. 170, 171</li>
+
+<li>Beaumont, Henry I.'s palace of, at Oxford, i. 284, 307</li>
+
+<li>Bec, school of, i. 159</li>
+
+<li>Beckford, Alderman, vii. 256</li>
+
+<li>Bedford</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reduced by Eadward the Elder, i. 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">castle of, besieged by Hubert de Burgh, ii. 5</li>
+
+<li>Bedford, John, Duke of, iii. 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regent of France, 39;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Burgundy, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victories in France, <i>ib.</i>, 40;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">difficulties, 44, 45;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rule in Normandy, 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 56</li>
+
+<li><a name="John_Bedford" id="John_Bedford"></a>Bedford, John Russell, first Earl of, iv. 47.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Russell">Russell</a></li>
+
+<li>Bedford, Francis Russell, fourth Earl of, v. 358</li>
+
+<li>Bedford, William Russell, fifth Earl of, vi. 1</li>
+
+<li>Bedford, John Russell, fourth Duke of, vii. 242, 315, 317; viii. 4, 16</li>
+
+<li>Bedloe, William, vi. 297</li>
+
+<li>Beket, Gilbert, i. 225, 303</li>
+
+<li><a name="Beket" id="Beket"></a>Beket, Thomas, i. 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">agent of Archbishop Theobald, 226;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">chancellor, 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop of Canterbury, 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejects Constitutions of Clarendon, 236;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at council of Northampton, 237;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">flight, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Henry II., 239;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to England, 240;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">murdered, 241;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">canonized, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry's penance at his shrine, 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his shrine desecrated, iii. 344</li>
+
+<li>Belesme, Robert of, i. 201, 202; ii. 47</li>
+
+<li>Bellahoe, battle of, iii. 329</li>
+
+<li>Bellasys, John, first Lord, vi. 256, 296; vii. 20</li>
+
+<li>Bellingham, Sir Edward, iv. 110</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-219" id="Page_8-219"></a><a href="./images/219.png">8-219</a>]</span>Bellingham, John, viii. 196</li>
+
+<li>Benedict XII., Pope, ii. 218, 219</li>
+
+<li>Benedict Biscop, i. 79, 91, 92</li>
+
+<li>"Benedict of Peterborough," i. 174, 244</li>
+
+<li>"Benevolences"</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Edward IV., iii. 152;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">declared illegal, 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">levied again, 171, 177;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">extension under Wolsey, 244, 251;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resisted, 251, 252;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">again demanded, iv. 34;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demanded by James I., v. 197, 198, 229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">by Charles I., 253</li>
+
+<li>Bengal, Clive's successes in, vii. 261</li>
+
+<li><a name="Bennet" id="Bennet"></a>Bennet, Henry, vi. 221.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Arlington">Arlington</a></li>
+
+<li>Bensington, battle of, i. 98</li>
+
+<li>Bentham, Jeremy, viii. 195</li>
+
+<li>Beorn, nephew of Earl Godwine, i. 150, 151</li>
+
+<li>Beornwulf, king of Mercia, i. 102</li>
+
+<li><i>Beowulf, Song of</i>, i. 24-26</li>
+
+<li>Bergerac taken by Henry of Derby, ii. 234</li>
+
+<li>Berkeley Castle, Edward II. murdered in, ii. 200</li>
+
+<li>Berkley, Sir Robert, v. 331, 351</li>
+
+<li>Berlin Decree, Napoleon's, viii. 176</li>
+
+<li>Bernicia</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by the English, i. 52;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">by Eadwine, 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recalls the line of &AElig;thelfrith, 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle against Penda, 71, 72</li>
+
+<li>Bernicians conquer Deira, i. 52, 53</li>
+
+<li>Bertha of Paris, wife of &AElig;thelberht of Kent, i. 57</li>
+
+<li>Berwick</li>
+  <li class="subitem">stormed by Edward I., ii. 160, 161;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament at, 162;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captured by Bruce, 194;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">by Edward III., ii. 211, 212;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its peculiar political position, 212;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recaptured by the Scots, 259, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Pacification at, v. 337</li>
+
+<li>Berwick, James FitzJames, Duke of, vii. 119, 134</li>
+
+<li>Beverley, peasant revolt at, ii. 324</li>
+
+<li>Bible,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Wyclif's translation of, ii. 178, 343;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">Tyndale's, iii. 259-261;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">  its circulation forbidden, 290;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Coverdale's, 334, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">misuse of, 344;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its popularity, v. 82;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">literary influence, 83, 84;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">social influence, 84, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">religious influence, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Geneva, iv. 128;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forbidden, v. 296</li>
+
+<li>"Bible-men," iii. 96</li>
+
+<li>Bidassoa, battle on the, viii. 202</li>
+
+<li><a name="Bigod" id="Bigod"></a>Bigod, Hugh, first Earl of Norfolk, i. 254</li>
+
+<li>Bigod, Roger, second Earl of Norfolk, i. 343</li>
+
+<li>Bigod, Roger, fourth Earl of Norfolk, ii. 45</li>
+
+<li>Bigod, Roger, fifth Earl of Norfolk, ii. 164-166</li>
+
+<li>Bigod, Hugh, Justiciar, ii. 60, 64, 66</li>
+
+<li>Bigorre restored to Edward III., ii. 266</li>
+
+<li>Billericay, villagers of, resist Richard II., ii. 332</li>
+
+<li>Bilney, Thomas, iii. 262</li>
+
+<li>Birinus, St., bishop in Wessex, i. 71</li>
+
+<li>Birmingham, its rise, vii. 196</li>
+
+<li>Bishoprics, new, erected under Henry VIII., iv. 13</li>
+
+<li>Bishops</li>
+  <li class="subitem">excluded from State offices, ii. 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">denounce Oldcastle and the Lollards, iii. 27;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">mode of appointment, 307, 308;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position under Henry VIII., 308;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Edward VI., <i>ib.</i>, iv. 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposal to exclude them from the House of Lords, v. 354, 355, 371;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">excluded, 377;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored, vi. 204;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position under the Georges, vii. 171, 172;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Seven, 30, 31;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Scotland, their position under Knox, v. 137;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">abolished, 140;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">restored, 143, 166, 167</li>
+
+<li>"Bishops' War," the, v. 341-343</li>
+
+<li><i>Black Book</i>, the, of 1536, iii. 310</li>
+
+<li>Black Death, the, ii. 252-254, 266, 288;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its social results, 254, 255</li>
+
+<li>Blackfriars,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Council at, ii. 339;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">trial of Henry VIII.'s divorce at, iii. 276;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first public theatre at, v. 22</li>
+
+<li>Blacklow Hill, Gaveston beheaded on, ii. 190</li>
+
+<li>Blake, Robert,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his defence of Taunton, vi. 78;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">commands the fleet against Rupert, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fights with Tromp and Ruyter, 86, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">bombards Algiers, 116;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Santa Cruz, 124;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">outrage on his corpse, 201</li>
+
+<li>Blanchard, Alan, iii. 33, 34</li>
+
+<li>Blanche of Bourbon, wife of Pedro of Castille, ii. 282</li>
+
+<li>Blanche-Taque, ford of, ii. 236</li>
+
+<li>Blenheim, battle of, vii. 120-122</li>
+
+<li><a name="Blois" id="Blois"></a>Blois, Charles of, claimant of Britanny, ii. 233, 248</li>
+
+<li>Blondel, <i>De Reductione Normanni&aelig;</i>, ii. 179</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-220" id="Page_8-220"></a><a href="./images/220.png">8-220</a>]</span>"Bloody Circuit," the, vii. 10, 11</li>
+
+<li>Bloreheath, battle of, iii. 74</li>
+
+<li>Blount, Sir Thomas, ii. 200</li>
+
+<li>Bl&uuml;cher, Marshal, viii. 207, 210</li>
+
+<li>Boat, an Old English, found in Sleswick, i. 27, 28</li>
+
+<li>"Boatmen" of London, i. 308</li>
+
+<li>Bohemia, Protestant rising in, v. 216-219</li>
+
+<li>Bohun, Henry de, first Earl of Hereford, i. 343</li>
+
+<li><a name="Humfrey_Bohun" id="Humfrey_Bohun"></a>Bohun, Humfrey de, third Earl of Hereford, ii. 164, 166</li>
+
+<li>Bohun, Henry de, ii. 192</li>
+
+<li>Boleyn, Anne, iii. 267, 270, 273, 288;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Henry VIII., 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowned, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">beheaded, 323</li>
+
+<li>Boleyn, George, iii. 267</li>
+
+<li><a name="Boleyn" id="Boleyn"></a>Boleyn, Sir Thomas, iii. 267, 268.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></li>
+
+<li>Bolinbroke, Roger, iii. 58</li>
+
+<li><a name="Bolingbroke" id="Bolingbroke"></a>Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, Viscount (<i>see</i> <a href="#St_John">St. John</a>), vii. 140;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his scheme of a treaty of commerce, 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rivalry with Harley, 143;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Schism Bill, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">appoints Jacobites to office, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">flies to the Pretender, 168;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">becomes his Secretary of State, 183;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to England, 204;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">withdraws again, <i>ib.</i></li>
+
+<li>Bologna, University of, i. 282</li>
+
+<li>Bombay ceded to England, vi. 192; vii. 232</li>
+
+<li>Boniface, St., letters of, i. 4</li>
+
+<li>Boniface VIII., Pope, ii. 163, 170, 217, 224</li>
+
+<li>Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 32, 72</li>
+
+<li>Bonner, Bishop of London, iv. 74, 89, 95, 97;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sets up Bibles in St. Paul's, v. 82</li>
+
+<li>Bordeaux,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament of Gascony at, ii. 285;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Richard II. born at, 306;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders to Charles VII., iii. 68, 71</li>
+
+<li>Born, Bertrand de, i. 263</li>
+
+<li>Borodino, battle of, viii. 200</li>
+
+<li>Boroughbridge, battle of, ii. 195</li>
+
+<li><a name="Boroughs" id="Boroughs"></a>Boroughs,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their developement after Norman Conquest, i. 177;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"farm" of, ii. 152;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">representation in Parliament, 73, 121, 152-154;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reluctance to attend, 155;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restriction of franchise in, iii. 99-101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new, created under the Tudors, iv. 234, 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">change in character of their representatives, 234, 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">qualification of members for, 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Five, i. 117, 120.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Towns">Towns</a></li>
+
+<li>Borough-moot, the, i. 296</li>
+
+<li>Boscawen, Admiral, vii. 266</li>
+
+<li>Boston, outrage of barons on merchants at, ii. 116</li>
+
+<li>Boston (Massachusetts),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its foundation, v. 310, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">occupied by British troops, viii. 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tea-riots at, 17, 18;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">siege of, 22, 23</li>
+
+<li>Bosworth Field, battle of, iii. 172</li>
+
+<li>Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl of, iv. 226, 229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plots against Darnley, 242, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">contrives his death, 244;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">charged with murder, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Mary, 245;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">flies, 246</li>
+
+<li>Boulogne</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captured by Henry VIII., iv. 30;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored to France, 33, 57;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Napoleon's camp at, viii. 170, 171</li>
+
+<li>Bourbon, Cardinal of, iv. 348, 369, 372</li>
+
+<li>Bourbon, Charles, Duke of, iii. 246, 247, 269</li>
+
+<li>Bouvines,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle of, i. 342;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieged by Flemings, ii. 234</li>
+
+<li>Bow, the English, ii. 241, 242</li>
+
+<li>Boxley, miraculous rood at, iii. 343</li>
+
+<li>Boyle, Robert, vi. 166</li>
+
+<li>Boyne, battle of the, vii. 71</li>
+
+<li>"Boys," the, vii. 204, 226, 249</li>
+
+<li>Brabant, John III., Duke of, ii. 227, 244</li>
+
+<li>Brabant, John IV., Duke of, iii. 42, 43, 45</li>
+
+<li>Brackley, barons meet at, i. 346</li>
+
+<li>Braddock, General, vii. 245</li>
+
+<li>Bradford on Avon, battle of, i. 87</li>
+
+<li>Bradford, John, iv. 132</li>
+
+<li>Bradshaw, John, vi. 66, 91, 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">outrage on his corpse, 201</li>
+
+<li>Bradwardine, Thomas, ii. 276</li>
+
+<li>Bramber, Sir Nicholas, ii. 353</li>
+
+<li>Bramham Moor, battle of, iii. 19</li>
+
+<li>Brandywine, battle of, viii. 25</li>
+
+<li>Braose, William de, i. 332</li>
+
+<li>Breaut&eacute;, Faukes de, ii. 4, 5</li>
+
+<li>Brecknock</li>
+  <li class="subitem">stormed by &AElig;thelfl&aelig;d, i. 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Mortimer routed at, ii. 88</li>
+
+<li>Breda,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Declaration of, vi. 152;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Treaty of, 241, 243, 247</li>
+
+<li>Breitenfeld, battle of, v. 275</li>
+
+<li>Bremen, quarrel about, vii. 188, 189</li>
+
+<li>Brentford captured by Prince Rupert, vi. 3</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-221" id="Page_8-221"></a><a href="./images/221.png">8-221</a>]</span>Breslau, treaty of, vii. 223</li>
+
+<li>Brest</li>
+  <li class="subitem">held by England, ii. 316;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored to Britanny, 368</li>
+
+<li>Br&eacute;tigny, peace of, ii. 266</li>
+
+<li>Brewer or Briwere, William, i. 345; ii. 6</li>
+
+<li>Br&eacute;z&eacute;, Pierre de, iii. 121</li>
+
+<li>Bribery, parliamentary, its beginnings, vi. 285, 300</li>
+
+<li>Brice's day, St., massacre of, i. 141</li>
+
+<li>Bridgeman, Sir Orlando, vi. 184</li>
+
+<li>Bridgewater, John Egerton, first Earl of, v. 305</li>
+
+<li>Bridgewater, Francis Egerton, third Duke of, viii. 55</li>
+
+<li>Brigham, treaty of, ii. 135</li>
+
+<li>Brihtnoth, ealdorman of East-Anglia, i. 139</li>
+
+<li>Brindley, James, viii. 55, 56</li>
+
+<li>Bristol,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its slave-trade, i. 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrender to Henry of Lancaster, iii. 18;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">trade with Ireland, 282;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrender to Rupert, vi. 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">to the Parliament, 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prosperity under Walpole, vii. 196</li>
+
+<li>Bristol, George Digby, second Earl of, vi. 221</li>
+
+<li>Britain,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its condition under the Romans, i. 29, 30;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">legions withdrawn from, 31;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by Picts, Scots and Saxons, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">becomes England, 39, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English conquest of, its peculiar character, 39-44;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">authorities for, 3</li>
+
+<li>Britain, Great, United Kingdom of, vii. 128</li>
+
+<li>Britanny</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to William the Conqueror, i. 158;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war of succession in, ii. 233, 248;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">coast harried by an English fleet, iii. 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with France and England, 166, 171, 179, 180</li>
+
+<li>Britanny, Anne of, iii. 179, 180</li>
+
+<li>Britanny, John, Duke of, ii. 315</li>
+
+<li><a name="Britons" id="Britons"></a>Britons</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated by Jutes in Kent, i. 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their stubborn resistance, 40-42;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Penda, 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Cumbria, defeated by &AElig;thelfrith, 60, 61;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">by Ecgfrith, 87;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Strathclyde, their struggle with &AElig;thelfrith, 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submit to Eadward the Elder, 119</li>
+
+<li>Broc, Ranulf de, i. 241</li>
+
+<li>Broglie, General, vii. 264</li>
+
+<li>Brooke, Robert Greville, second Lord, v. 320, 354; vi. 7</li>
+
+<li>Brooklyn, battle of, viii. 24</li>
+
+<li>Brothers of the Pen, iii. 154</li>
+
+<li>Brown, Robert, v. 117</li>
+
+<li>Brown, William, martyr under Mary, iv. 95</li>
+
+<li>Browne, Archbishop of Dublin, iii. 341, 342; iv. 62, 63</li>
+
+<li>Browne, William, his <i>Pastorals</i>, v. 304</li>
+
+<li>Brownists, v. 117, 308</li>
+
+<li><a name="Bruce" id="Bruce"></a>Bruce, David, ii. 206;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king of Scotland, 210;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">driven out, 211, 212;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to France, 213;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns, 214, 229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prisoner, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">released, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 286</li>
+
+<li>Bruce, Edward, ii. 376</li>
+
+<li>Bruce, Robert, claimant of Scotland, ii. 136</li>
+
+<li>Bruce, Robert (Earl of Carrick), ii. 161, 170</li>
+
+<li>Bruce, Robert, grandson of the claimant, ii. 172;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">kills Comyn of Badenoch, 173;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowned, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">put to flight, 174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character and adventures, 183, 184;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his successes, 191-194;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">disabled by leprosy, 204;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">acknowledged as king by England, 206;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 210</li>
+
+<li>Bruges,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations at, ii. 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">gild of St. John at, iii. 154;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Caxton at, 155</li>
+
+<li>Brunanburh, battle of, i. 120</li>
+
+<li>Brune, General, viii. 140</li>
+
+<li>Brunswick, Charles William, Duke of, viii. 101</li>
+
+<li>Brunswick, Ferdinand, Prince of, vii. 263, 264, 302</li>
+
+<li><i>Brut, Chronicle of the</i>, Caxton's edition of, iii. 157</li>
+
+<li><i>Brut y Tywysogion</i>, i. 7</li>
+
+<li>Brynglas, battle of, iii. 11, 13</li>
+
+<li>Buchan, Isabel, Countess of, ii. 173</li>
+
+<li>Buchan, constable of, iii. 39</li>
+
+<li>Buchanan, George, v. 124</li>
+
+<li>Buckingham, Henry Stafford, Duke of, iii. 163, 164, 166-168</li>
+
+<li>Buckingham, Edward Stafford, Duke of, iii. 242</li>
+
+<li><a name="George_Buckingham" id="George_Buckingham"></a>Buckingham, George Villiers, first Duke of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Villiers">Villiers</a>), v. 208;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Bacon, 222, 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes with Charles to Madrid, 232;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">returns, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his mastery over James, 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy, 236-238;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Charles I., 244;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">failure of his plans, 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">impeached, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-222" id="Page_8-222"></a><a href="./images/222.png">8-222</a>]</span>urges the forced loan, 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expedition to La Rochelle, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">slain, 265</li>
+
+<li>Buckingham, George Villiers, second Duke of, vi. 163, 165;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Cabal ministry, 245, 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations with Lewis, 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismissed, 281;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">committed to the Tower, 288</li>
+
+<li>Bulmer, Lady, iii. 325</li>
+
+<li>Bungay, Friar, iii. 97</li>
+
+<li>Bunker's Hill, battle of, viii. 22</li>
+
+<li>Bunyan, John, v. 103, 104; vi. 262-265;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Pilgrim's Progress</i>, 265-267;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses the Indulgence, vii. 22</li>
+
+<li>Buonaparte, Jerome, viii. 185</li>
+
+<li>Buonaparte, Joseph, viii. 185, 186, 200</li>
+
+<li>Buonaparte, Louis, viii. 185</li>
+
+<li><a name="Buonaparte" id="Buonaparte"></a>Buonaparte, Napoleon, viii. 109, 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign in Italy, 122, 123, 125;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marches on Vienna, 125;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">designs on India, 131;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquers Malta and Egypt, 132;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign in Syria, 141;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Aboukir, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">First Consul, 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Marengo, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy and aims, 146, 147, 158, 168-170.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Napoleon">Napoleon</a></li>
+
+<li>Burdett, Sir Francis, viii. 195</li>
+
+<li>Burford, battle of, i. 96</li>
+
+<li>Burgh, Hubert de, ii. 2-5, 29, 30</li>
+
+<li>Burgh-upon-Sands, Edward I. dies at, ii. 174</li>
+
+<li>"Burghers," i. 315</li>
+
+<li>Burgos, siege of, viii. 200</li>
+
+<li>Burgoyne, General, viii. 25, 26</li>
+
+<li>Burgundy, Philip I., Duke of, ii. 265</li>
+
+<li>Burgundy, Philip II., Duke of, ii. 286; iii. 5, 6, 12, 14</li>
+
+<li>Burgundy, Philip III., Duke of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Henry V., iii. 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Brabant, 42, 43, 45;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">withdraws his troops from siege of Orleans, 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sells Jeanne d'Arc to the English, 53;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins Charles VII., 56, 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">cedes Picardy to Lewis XI., 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">mediates between Lewis and Edward, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 130</li>
+
+<li>Burgundy, John, Duke of, iii. 16, 17;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with England and France, 23, 24, 32;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">assassinated, 35</li>
+
+<li>Burgundy, Charles the Bold, Duke of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Charles_the_Bold">Charles</a></li>
+
+<li>Burgundy, Mary of, iii. 146, 147, 150, 151, 170</li>
+
+<li>"Burh," the old English, i. 294</li>
+
+<li>Burke, Edmund, vii. 332-337;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports the Declaratory Act, 338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks the Chatham ministry, 341;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his scheme for reform of the constituencies, viii. 10;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his proposals for conciliating America rejected, 20;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his bill of Economical Reform, 64, 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses office under Shelburne, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards the French Revolution, 87, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">share in the impeachment of Hastings, 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Reflections</i>, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with Fox, 92, 93;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Appeal from the new to the old Whigs</i>, 93;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports the government against France, 104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Letters on a Regicide Peace</i>, 116;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 126</li>
+
+<li><a name="Burleigh" id="Burleigh"></a>Burleigh, William Cecil, Lord (<i>see</i> <a href="#William_Cecil">Cecil</a>), iv. 352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protests against expulsion of Puritan clergy, 342;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his tract on <i>The Execution of Justice</i>, 5;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his ill-will to Spenser, v. 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 63</li>
+
+<li>Burley, Sir Simon, ii. 353</li>
+
+<li>Burnet, Gilbert, vi. 169;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">bishop of Salisbury, vii. 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>History of his own Time</i>, vi. 157</li>
+
+<li>Burns, Robert, viii. 46</li>
+
+<li><i>Burton, Annals of</i>, i. 273</li>
+
+<li>Burton, John, v. 329</li>
+
+<li>Burton, Thomas, his <i>Diary</i>, v. 37</li>
+
+<li>Busaco, battle of, viii. 190</li>
+
+<li>Bute, John Stuart, third Earl of, vii. 302, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Prime Minister, 306;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy towards America, 310, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fall, 314</li>
+
+<li>Butler, Joseph, vi. 169</li>
+
+<li>Butler, Samuel, vi. 162</li>
+
+<li>Butler, the king's, origin of his office, i. 132</li>
+
+<li>Buttington, battle of, i. 117</li>
+
+<li>Byng, Admiral, vii. 248</li>
+
+<li>Byron, Commodore, vii. 277</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>"Cabal," the, vi. 246, 303</li>
+
+<li>Cabinet, the, its origin, vi. 303</li>
+
+<li>Cabot, Sebastian, iii. 189; iv. 283, 330</li>
+
+<li>Cade, John, iii. 64-67</li>
+
+<li>Cadiz,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Drake's expedition to, iv. 355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English descents on, v. 60, 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">blockaded by an English fleet, vii. 223</li>
+
+<li>Cadwallon, king of the Britons, i. 66, 67</li>
+
+<li>C&aelig;dmon, i. 77, 78</li>
+
+<li>Caen</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sacked by Edward III., ii. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-223" id="Page_8-223"></a><a href="./images/223.png">8-223</a>]</span>235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">stormed by Henry V., iii. 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">university at, 55</li>
+
+<li>Caermarthen besieged by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 14</li>
+
+<li>Caernarvon, castle built at, ii. 121</li>
+
+<li>Cahors, bankers of, ii. 107, 130</li>
+
+<li>Calabria, John, Duke of, iii. 126</li>
+
+<li>Calais</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieged by Edward III., ii. 243;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">surrenders, 244;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the six burgesses, 245-247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to Edward, 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">threatened by the French, iii. 69, 70;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Warwick repulsed from, 135;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">won by Guise, iv. 108;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored to France, 158</li>
+
+<li>Calamy, Edmund, v. 354; vi. 157</li>
+
+<li>Calcutta,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its origin, vii. 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Black Hole of, 261</li>
+
+<li>Calvin, John, iv. 119, 123, 126</li>
+
+<li><a name="Calvinism" id="Calvinism"></a>Calvinism,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">system of, iv. 123-126;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its political tendency, 171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Scotland, accepted by Parliament, 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its establishment sanctioned by Mary Stuart, 245;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its growth in England, v. 86-89.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="Calvinists" id="Calvinists"></a>Calvinists,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">German, their position after Peace of Passau, v. 176, 177;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Scotch, suppress Catholicism by force, iv. 218</li>
+
+<li>Cambray</li>
+  <li class="subitem">occupied by Philip VI. of France, ii. 219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieged by Edward III., 220, 228;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations at, iv. 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">League of, iii. 206;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty of, 234</li>
+
+<li>Cambridge, University of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its charters burnt by townsfolk, ii. 324;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the New Learning at, iii. 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Erasmus at, <i>ib.</i>, 212, 213;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resistance to benevolences at, 251;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lutherans at, 262;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forced to approve Henry VIII.'s divorce, 292;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">foreign Protestants at, iv. 51;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">James II.'s dealings with, vii. 24</li>
+
+<li><a name="Edmund_Cambridge" id="Edmund_Cambridge"></a>Cambridge, Edmund, first Earl of, ii. 287.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Edmund_York">York</a></li>
+
+<li>Cambridge, Richard, second Earl of, iii. 30, 56, 57</li>
+
+<li><a name="Richard_Cambridge" id="Richard_Cambridge"></a>Cambridge, Richard, third Earl of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Richard_York">York</a></li>
+
+<li>Camden, Charles Pratt, first Lord, vii. 340; viii. 15</li>
+
+<li>Camden, John Jeffreys Pratt, second Earl, viii. 120.</li>
+
+<li>Camden, William, v. 4;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Life of Elizabeth</i>, iv. 3.</li>
+
+<li>Campeggio, Cardinal, iii. 272, 274, 277</li>
+
+<li>Camperdown, battle of, viii. 127</li>
+
+<li>Campian, Edmund, iv. 318, 320</li>
+
+<li>Campo Formio, treaty of, viii. 125</li>
+
+<li>Camulodunum (Colchester) reduced by East Saxons, i. 35</li>
+
+<li>Canada,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">French settlement in, vii. 242;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Montcalm in, 244;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by the English, 269;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to England, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by America, viii. 23, 203, 204;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">self-government granted to, 92</li>
+
+<li>Canals, introduction of, viii. 55, 56</li>
+
+<li>Canning, George, viii. 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Foreign Secretary, 180;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his dealings with Denmark, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Orders in Council, 181;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports rising in Spain, 186, 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with Castlereagh, 188, 189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns, 189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">presses for Catholic emancipation, 195</li>
+
+<li>Canons</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1604, v. 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Scotch, of 1636, 327</li>
+
+<li>Canterbury, i. 57;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">archbishopric founded at, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">becomes ecclesiastical centre of England, 83;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sacked by northmen, 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Theodore's school at, 92;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">historians of, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">gild of Thanes at, 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Walloon refugees at, iv. 51;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestant martyrs in, 96;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Church of Huguenots at, 306</li>
+
+<li>Cape of Good Hope ceded to England, viii. 112</li>
+
+<li>Capel, Arthur, first Lord, vi. 72</li>
+
+<li>Capel, Sir Henry, vi. 301</li>
+
+<li>Capuchins, Order of, founded, iv. 101</li>
+
+<li>Caradoc of Lancarvan, i. 7</li>
+
+<li><a name="Caraffa" id="Caraffa"></a>Caraffa, Cardinal, iv. 31, 100, 101.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Paul_IV">Paul IV.</a></li>
+
+<li>Carcassonne sacked by the Black Prince, ii. 260</li>
+
+<li>Cardigan,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Norman conquest of, ii. 48;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">royal garrisons driven from, 55</li>
+
+<li>Carew, Sir Peter, iv. 82</li>
+
+<li>Carham, battle at, i. 146</li>
+
+<li>Carisbrook Castle, Charles I. prisoner at, vi. 59</li>
+
+<li>Carlisle</li>
+  <li class="subitem">becomes English, i. 87;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">granted to see of Lindisfarne, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to David of Scotland, 217;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invested by the Scots, ii. 160;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Mary Stuart at, iv. 261</li>
+
+<li>Carlisle, Merks, deposed Bishop of, iii. 8</li>
+
+<li>Carlisle, Charles Howard, first Earl of, vi. 280</li>
+
+<li>Carlos, Don, son of Philip II. of Spain, iv. 213, 221</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-224" id="Page_8-224"></a><a href="./images/224.png">8-224</a>]</span>Carlowitz, treaty of, vii. 97</li>
+
+<li>Carnot, Lazare, viii. 122</li>
+
+<li>Carolina, Colony of, vi. 259; vii. 236</li>
+
+<li>Caroline of Anspach, wife of George II., vii. 200, 203</li>
+
+<li>Carpenter, General, vii. 183</li>
+
+<li>Carr, Robert. <i>See</i> <a href="#Robert_Rochester">Rochester</a>, <a href="#Robert_Somerset">Somerset</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="Carteret" id="Carteret"></a>Carteret, John, second Lord, vii. 222, 223.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Granville">Granville</a></li>
+
+<li>Carthagena, Vernon's defeat at, vii. 221</li>
+
+<li>Cartwright, Thomas, iv. 294-296, 342; v. 58, 117</li>
+
+<li>Carucage, i. 350</li>
+
+<li>Casale seized by Lewis XIV., vi. 335</li>
+
+<li>Cashel, synod at, i. 253</li>
+
+<li>Cassel, battles of, ii. 216; vi. 289</li>
+
+<li>Cassano, battle of, viii. 139</li>
+
+<li>Castille, Constance of, second wife of John of Gaunt, ii. 287, 302</li>
+
+<li>Castillon, Talbot defeated at, iii. 71</li>
+
+<li>Castlebar, battle of, viii. 130</li>
+
+<li><a name="Castlemaine" id="Castlemaine"></a>Castlemaine, Barbara Palmer, Countess of, vi. 221, 272; vii. 108.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Cleveland">Cleveland</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arranges the union with Ireland, viii. 153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with Canning, 188, 189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Foreign Secretary, 197</li>
+
+<li>Cateau-Cambr&eacute;sis, treaty of, iv. 155, 158, 159, 171</li>
+
+<li>Catesby, Robert, v. 157, 158.</li>
+
+<li>Catharine of Aragon</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Arthur Tudor, iii. 186, 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">betrothed to Henry, 187, 188;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries him, 207;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes the divorce, 269, 270, 276;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">banished from the palace, 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her marriage annulled by Convocation, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">confirmed by Pope and Cardinals, 304</li>
+
+<li>Catharine of Braganza, wife of Charles II., vi. 192</li>
+
+<li>Catharine of France, wife of Henry V., iii. 24, 35, 165</li>
+
+<li>Catharine of Medicis,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">queen-regent of France, iv. 188;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her policy towards the Huguenots, 206-208;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with them, 216, 217;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with England, 219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">meeting with Alva, 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiates with Elizabeth, 297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">unites with the Guises against the Huguenots, 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resumes her policy of toleration, 301</li>
+
+<li>Catharine II., Empress of Russia viii. 84, 85, 95</li>
+
+<li>Catholics, English,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their position under Elizabeth, iv. 149, 195, 196;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forbidden to join in Common Prayer, 214;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fined for recusancy, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards Mary Stuart, 220;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their scheme for the succession, <i>ib.</i>, 221;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plot against Elizabeth, 266, 267;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">rise, 268;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">defeated, 269;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards the Bull of Deposition, 270;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">persecution of, 308, 309, 319-322;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new plots, 350;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Philip's and Allen's hopes of, 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their loyalty, 358, 359;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">materials for their history, 5;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">James I. gives them relief, v. 150;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">begins to persecute them, 156, 157;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their plots, 157-159;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position under Charles II., vi. 185, 186, 220, 291, 293;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">excluded from Parliament, 297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">admitted to office, etc., by James II., vii. 14, 15;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">included in his Declaration of Indulgence, 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position under Walpole, 198;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">projects for their emancipation, viii. 179, 195, 196;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Confederate, v. 366; vi. 15, 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Irish, Charles I.'s and Wentworth's dealings with, v. 364;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their condition in eighteenth century, viii. 33, 34, 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plans for their emancipation, 119, 120, 152-155</li>
+
+<li>Catinat, Marshal, vii. 75</li>
+
+<li>Cavaliers, v. 372</li>
+
+<li><a name="Cavendish" id="Cavendish"></a>Cavendish, William, Lord,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">head of the Country party, vi. 272;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes office, 300;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes the Exclusion Bill, 308;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns, 315.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i><a href="#Devonshire"> Devonshire</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cavendish's <i>Life of Wolsey</i>, iii. 83</li>
+
+<li>Caxton, William, iii. 155-162</li>
+
+<li><a name="Ceadda" id="Ceadda"></a>Ceadda or Chad, St., i. 73</li>
+
+<li>Ceawlin, king of Wessex, i. 56</li>
+
+<li>Cecil, Richard, viii. 47</li>
+
+<li><a name="Robert_Cecil" id="Robert_Cecil"></a>Cecil, Robert,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his rivalry with Essex, v. 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treasurer, 172, 173;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposes the "great contract," 179;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arranges the marriage of Princess Elizabeth, 210;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 185, 211</li>
+
+<li><a name="William_Cecil" id="William_Cecil"></a>Cecil, William, iv. 139-141;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his political standpoint, 141-143, 150;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">advises Elizabeth to announce her accession to the Pope, 155;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his share in her Scottish policy, 173, 176, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy in Ireland, 240;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demands <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-225" id="Page_8-225"></a><a href="./images/225.png">8-225</a>]</span>a Protestant alliance and the surrender of Mary, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Norfolk, 266, 274.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Burleigh">Burleigh</a></li>
+
+<li>Cedd, brother of Ceadda, i. 74</li>
+
+<li>Centwine, king of Wessex, i. 89</li>
+
+<li>Cenwealh, king of Wessex, i. 87</li>
+
+<li>Cenwulf, king of Mercia, i. 98, 101</li>
+
+<li>Ceolfrid, founder of Jarrow, i. 91</li>
+
+<li>Ceolred, king of Mercia, i. 90</li>
+
+<li>Ceolwulf, king of Northumbria, i. 91</li>
+
+<li>Ceorl, the English, i. 11</li>
+
+<li>Cerdic, king of the West Saxons, i. 34, 49</li>
+
+<li>Ceylon acquired by England, viii. 112</li>
+
+<li>Chad, St. <i>See</i> <a href="#Ceadda">Ceadda</a></li>
+
+<li>Chalgrove Field, fight at, vi. 10</li>
+
+<li>Ch&acirc;lus, Richard I. slain at, i. 267</li>
+
+<li>Champeaux, William of, i. 285</li>
+
+<li>Chancellor, Richard, iv. 282</li>
+
+<li>Chancellor, the, i. 206;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his equitable jurisdiction, 256; ii. 112, 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">right of appointing, claimed for Great Council, ii. 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">made responsible to Permanent Council, 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his woolsack, 226;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of an university, i. 291, 292</li>
+
+<li>Chancery, Court of, ii. 113</li>
+
+<li>Chandos, Sir John, ii. 249</li>
+
+<li>Chapel, the Royal, clerks of, i. 206</li>
+
+<li>Chapman, George, v. 3, 42</li>
+
+<li>Charford, battle of, i. 34</li>
+
+<li>Charles (I.), son of James I.,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">schemes for his marriage, v. 211-214, 227, 230;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to Madrid, 231, 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his character, 234;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage, 238, 241;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, 242;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy, 243-245;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with Parliament of 1625, 246, 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with Parliament of 1626, 249, 250, 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demands a benevolence, 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">levies a forced loan, 254;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismisses Crewe, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with France, 256-258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with the Parliament of 1628, 260-263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defends Buckingham, 264;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejects the Avowal, 269;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dissolves Parliament again, 270, 272;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his plans of personal government, 273;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">peace policy, 274, 275;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Gustavus Adolphus, 275, 276;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">financial measures, 276-280;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">grants a charter to Massachusetts, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position in 1635, 315, 316;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">consults the judges about ship-money, 323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Scotland, 325-328, 330-334;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">gathers an army, 337;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">pacification with the Scots, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">summons Wentworth home, 338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Richelieu, <i>ib.</i>, 339;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiates with the Scots, 342;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">summons Parliament again, 343;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Montrose, 359;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">assents to Strafford's attainder, 361;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">to perpetuation of the Parliament, 362;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to Scotland, 363;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his promises to the Irish, 364;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to London, 367;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attempt to seize the five members, 373-375;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">withdraws from London, 376;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">levies forces by commissions of array, 377;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">shut out from Hull, 378;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to York, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">raises his standard at Nottingham, vi. 2;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to Shrewsbury, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Edgehill, 3;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to Oxford, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieges Gloucester, 13;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations in Ireland, 15, 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">successes in 1644, 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marches on London, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Newbury, 24;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to Oxford, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiates with the Parliament, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">storms Leicester and relieves Chester, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">routed at Naseby, 40, 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with the Irish, 42;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to the Scotch camp, 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses the Parliament's terms, 48;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">given up to it by the Scots, 49;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seized by the army, 53;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiates with the army, 55-57;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">escapes, 58;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recaptured, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiates with parliament and the Scots, <i>ib.</i>, 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">again seized by the army, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">trial, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 68;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">authorities for his reign, v. 72</li>
+
+<li>Charles II.</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recognized by Holland as king of England, vi. 70;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proclaimed in Scotland, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invited to Ireland, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his experiences in Scotland, 82;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowned at Scone, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invades England, 83;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Worcester, 84;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">flies to France, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">issues a declaration from Breda, 152;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to England, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his scientific tastes, 165;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character, 173-177;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy, 177-180;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forms an army, 182, 183;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his position in England, 184;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ecclesiastical aims, 185, 186;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">foreign relations, 187, 192;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage, 192;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first ministry, 193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with the regicides, 195;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-226" id="Page_8-226"></a><a href="./images/226.png">8-226</a>]</span>relations with Clarendon, 213-215, 221;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">issues a Declaration of Indulgence, 219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy in Holland, 228, 229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to dissolve Parliament, 241, 254;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">banishes Clarendon, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his new ministry, 245;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards toleration, 252, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">project for establishing Catholicism, 256;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaties with Lewis, 257, 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">issues second Declaration of Indulgence, 262;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">withdraws it, 273;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Shaftesbury, 275;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">makes peace with the Dutch, 281;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">makes another treaty with Lewis, 287;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations with Lewis, 291;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position after peace of Nimeguen, <i>ib.</i>, 293;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude during the Popish plot. 297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plan for the succession of James, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Shaftesbury, 311-313, 321;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recalls James, 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists the Exclusion, 321;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dissolves the Parliament, 322;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">turns again to France, <i>ib.</i>, 323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">action in 1681, 323, 324;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">persecutes Nonconformists, recalls James, and arrests Monmouth, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his triumph, vii. 1;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy in his last years, 2;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with the towns, 3;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">increases his Guards, 4;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sickness, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 5;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">authorities for his reign, vi. 157, 158</li>
+
+<li>Charles IV., emperor, ii. 236, 348</li>
+
+<li>Charles (V.), son of Philip of Austria, iii. 208;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with England and France, 232, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king of Spain, 234;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaties with Francis I., <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">emperor, 240;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">visits England, 241;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">betrothed to Mary, 242;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with Francis, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league with Henry VIII. and the Pope, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">successes in Italy, 244, 248, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treachery to Henry and Wolsey, 248, 249;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new alliance with Henry, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expels Luther, 254;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage, 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Lutherans, 275;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposes alliance with France against Henry, 336;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his religious policy, iv. 18, 19;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposes a general council, 20;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated in Hungary and Algiers, 24;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by Francis, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Henry, 27;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">failure of his plans of reunion, 30-32;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with France, 32;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks the League of Schmalkald, 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Muhlberg, 50;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy towards Protestants, 51;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">persecutes them, 58;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ruin of his plans, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Lutherans, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Mary Tudor, 79, 80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">abdicates, 98</li>
+
+<li>Charles III., king of Spain, vii. 126, 131;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">emperor (Charles VI.) 142, 199, 200, 220</li>
+
+<li>Charles VII., emperor, vii. 223, 225</li>
+
+<li>Charles IV., king of France, ii. 197, 198, 208</li>
+
+<li>Charles (V.) of France, duke of Normandy, ii. 264, 265;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, 281, 282, 285, 288</li>
+
+<li>Charles VI., king of France, iii. 5, 26, 35, 39</li>
+
+<li>Charles (VII.), Dauphin, iii. 26, 39, 46, 48;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowned, 52;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">received in Paris, 56;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Le Mans surrendered to, 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regains Normandy, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquers Guienne, 68, 69</li>
+
+<li>Charles VIII., king of France, iii. 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">annexes Britanny, 179, 180;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Henry VIII., 180;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invades Italy, 186, 206</li>
+
+<li>Charles IX., king of France, iv. 188, 298, 299, 301</li>
+
+<li>Charles the Bad, king of Navarre, ii. 258, 259</li>
+
+<li>Charles II., king of Spain, vii. 90, 98</li>
+
+<li>Charles IV., king of Spain, viii. 185</li>
+
+<li>Charles XII., king of Sweden, vii. 183, 188, 189</li>
+
+<li>Charles the Bald, king of the West Franks, i. 209.</li>
+
+<li>Charles the Simple, king of the West Franks, i. 155</li>
+
+<li>Charles of Blois. <i>See</i> <a href="#Blois">Blois</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="Charles_the_Bold" id="Charles_the_Bold"></a>Charles the Bold, Count of Charolais, iii. 122, 125, 127, 128;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">duke of Burgundy, 130;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league with Edward, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Margaret of York, 131;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiates with the Lancastrians, 140;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">helps Edward, 141;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks Lewis again, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his German possessions, 146;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with the emperor, <i>ib.</i>, 147;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with England, 148;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieges Neuss, <i>ib.</i>, 149;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">slain, 150</li>
+
+<li>Charlestown, capture of, viii. 32</li>
+
+<li>Charmouth, battle of, i. 103</li>
+
+<li>Charter of Henry I., i. 198, 340, 341;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Stephen, 216;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><a name="Great_Charter" id="Great_Charter"></a>the Great, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-227" id="Page_8-227"></a><a href="./images/227.png">8-227</a>]</span>348-352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">provisions for its execution, 353;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">annulled by the Pope, 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reissued under Henry III., ii. 1, 3;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Langton's care for, 6;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">confirmed by Henry, <i>ib.</i>, 34;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop Peckham's appeal to, 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">confirmed by Edward I., 165, 166, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the Forest, 165, 166, 170</li>
+
+<li>Charter-house, the, in London, ii. 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its martyrs, iii. 320; v. 77</li>
+
+<li>Ch&acirc;teau-Gaillard, i. 265, 266</li>
+
+<li>Ch&acirc;tillon, Coligni, Cardinal of, iv. 207</li>
+
+<li><a name="Chatham" id="Chatham"></a>Chatham, William Pitt, first earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Pitt">Pitt</a>), vii. 340, 341;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">withdraws from public life, viii. 3;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">from the ministry, 6;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposes reform of the House of Commons, 9;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">strives to avert war with America, 20, 26;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recalled to office, 29;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 30</li>
+
+<li>Chaucer, Geoffrey,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his early life, ii. 358, 359;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">early poems, 359-361;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">offices, person, temper, 362, 363;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">home at Westminster, 366;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Canterbury Tales</i>, 361, 363-366;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">Caxton's edition of, iii. 157</li>
+
+<li>Chauntries, suppression of, iv. 34, 54</li>
+
+<li>Cheke, Sir John, iv. 134</li>
+
+<li>Cherbourg,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry of Lancaster at, ii. 259, 260;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">held by England, 316;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrendered to Navarre, 368;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">to Charles VII., iii. 62</li>
+
+<li>Cheshire, royalist rising in, vi. 150</li>
+
+<li>Chester,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">march of the West Saxons on, i. 38, 56;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by &AElig;thelfrith, 60, 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">by William, 169;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">raid of Llewelyn ap Gruffydd on, ii. 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">blockade of, vi. 38</li>
+
+<li>Chester, Ranulf, earl of, i. 345, 347; ii. 5</li>
+
+<li>Chesterfield, defeat of the Disinherited at, ii. 87</li>
+
+<li>Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of, vii. 170, 203, 226, 249</li>
+
+<li>"Chevy Chase," iii. 182</li>
+
+<li>Chichester, Stephen Berksted, Bishop of, ii. 71</li>
+
+<li>Chichester, Adam Moleyns, Bishop of, murdered, iii. 63</li>
+
+<li>Chichester, Sir Arthur, v. 287, 288</li>
+
+<li>Child, Sir Josiah, vi. 169</li>
+
+<li>Chili conquered by Spain, iv. 329</li>
+
+<li>Chillingworth, William, vi. 134-137</li>
+
+<li>Chinon,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry II. dies at, i. 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles VII. and Jeanne d'Arc at, iii. 48</li>
+
+<li>Chippenham, northmen at, i. 106</li>
+
+<li>Chippewa, battle of, viii. 204</li>
+
+<li>Chivalry, influence of, ii. 94</li>
+
+<li>Chotusitz, battle of, vii. 223</li>
+
+<li>"Christian Brethren," iii. 262</li>
+
+<li><a name="Christianity" id="Christianity"></a>Christianity</li>
+  <li class="subitem">brought to England, i. 57;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">progress in Kent, Essex, and East Anglia, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reaction against, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its struggle with heathenism, <i>ib.</i>, 66, 70-73</li>
+
+<li>Christina, sister of Eadgar the &AElig;theling, i. 199</li>
+
+<li><i>Chronica Angli&aelig;</i>, ii. 177</li>
+
+<li><i>Chronicle, the English</i>, i. 3-6, 115, 173, 203, 221, 278</li>
+
+<li><i>Chronicle of Queen Jane</i>, iv. 3</li>
+
+<li><i>Chronicon Scotorum</i>, i. 8</li>
+
+<li><a name="Church" id="Church"></a>Church, English,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its foundation, i. 57-59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">organized by Theodore, 81-84;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its parish system, 84;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">share in resistance to the Danes, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">William the Conqueror's dealings with, 187, 188;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Red King's, 193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">decline of its political influence, 222;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revival during the anarchy, 224;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry II.'s dealings with, 235-237, 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relation of universities to, 292;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition in early thirteenth century, ii. 7, 8;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its political teaching, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">beginnings of resistance to the Papacy, 27;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward I.'s policy towards, 118, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">papal demands on its revenues, etc., 222, 223;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Edward III., relations with the Papacy, 273-275;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its wealth, 294;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">despoiled by Pope and King, 296;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">threatened in Parliament, 301;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposals to confiscate its property, iii. 15, 21;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition during Wars of the Roses, 96, 97;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reform of, demanded by Parliament, 290;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry VIII.'s dealings with, 296, 297, 301, 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Thomas Cromwell's dealings with, 295, 310-312;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">spoliation of, under Henry VIII., iv. 13;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition at Cromwell's fall, 14, 15;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">spoliation under Edward VI., 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demands for restoration of its property, 102, 103;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Hooker's influence on, v. 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Puritan demands for its reform, 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Long Parliament's <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-228" id="Page_8-228"></a><a href="./images/228.png">8-228</a>]</span>dealings with, 352-355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Oliver Cromwell's dealings with, vi. 111;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settlement after the Restoration, 199, 208-210;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">James II.'s dealings with, vii. 18, 19, 24;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects of the Revolution on, 63-66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under the Georges, 169-172;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revival in, 205-211; viii. 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Irish, its missionary zeal, i. 68, 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">later character, i. 80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the English Church, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English and Irish divisions, iii. 338, 339;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">accepts the King's Supremacy, 339, 340;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejects religious change, 341;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under Elizabeth, iv. 314, 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Roman, its revival under Paul IV., iv. 99;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position at the accession of Pius V., 249;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Scotland, Presbyterian. <i>See</i> <a href="#Kirk">Kirk</a></li>
+
+<li>Churchill, Arabella, vii. 107, 108</li>
+
+<li><a name="Churchill" id="Churchill"></a>Churchill, John, vii. 107-109;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his victory at Sedgemoor, 11, 109;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">deserts James II., 42.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Marlborough">Marlborough</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Cinque Ports</li>
+  <li class="subitem">support party of Montfort, ii. 70, 85, 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their commerce, iv. 279;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Flemish exiles in, 305, 323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">mariners of, their victory off Dover, ii. 3;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their fights with the French, 141, 142; iii. 7</li>
+
+<li>Cissa, king of the South Saxons, i. 34</li>
+
+<li>Cistercians</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settle in England, i. 222;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their wool, 350; ii. 107</li>
+
+<li>Ciudad Rodrigo stormed, viii. 199</li>
+
+<li>Clair-on-Epte, treaty of, i. 155</li>
+
+<li>Clare submits to the English, iii. 329</li>
+
+<li><a name="Clare" id="Clare"></a>Clare, Richard, first Earl of, ii. 48</li>
+
+<li>Clare, Richard, sixth Earl of, i. 343</li>
+
+<li><a name="Clare_Strongbow" id="Clare_Strongbow"></a>Clare, Richard of (Strongbow), i. 252</li>
+
+<li>Clarence, George, Duke of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">intrigues with Warwick, iii. 133;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries his daughter, 134;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolts, <i>ib.</i>, 135;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Edward and Warwick, 137, 138, 141, 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">impeachment and death, 163</li>
+
+<li>Clarence, Lionel, Duke of, ii. 264, 293, 302</li>
+
+<li>Clarence, Thomas, Duke of, iii. 24, 26, 36</li>
+
+<li>Clarendon, Assize of, i. 238;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Constitutions of, 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Council of, <i>ib.</i></li>
+
+<li><a name="Clarendon" id="Clarendon"></a>Clarendon, Edward Hyde, first Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Hyde">Hyde</a>), vi. 193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Chancellor, <i>ib.</i>, 205;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his political theory, 205-207;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his foreign policy, 213-215;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Charles II., 221;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">advises a dissolution, 241;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">banished, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>History of the Rebellion</i>, v. 72;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Life</i>, vi. 157</li>
+
+<li>Clarendon, Edward Hyde, second Earl of, vii. 20, 76</li>
+
+<li>Clark, John, iii. 262</li>
+
+<li>Clarkson, Thomas, viii. 48</li>
+
+<li>Clement IV., Pope, ii. 18</li>
+
+<li>Clement V., Pope, ii. 172</li>
+
+<li>Clement VI., Pope, ii. 229, 236</li>
+
+<li>Clement VII., Pope, iii. 249;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prisoner, 269;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">escapes, 272;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Henry VIII.'s divorce, 271, 272, 274, 275, 277, 278;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">threatens Henry with excommunication, 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">annuls Cranmer's proceedings, 304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to hold a Council, iv. 20</li>
+
+<li>Clement VIII., Pope, iv. 372</li>
+
+<li>Cl&eacute;ment, Jacques, iv. 368</li>
+
+<li>Clergy, their privileges, i. 234;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by Henry II., 235-237;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">papal demands on, ii. 27, 28, 42, 222;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Edward I., 118, 120, 163;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">summoned to Parliament, 157;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">cease to attend, 158;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">strife of regular and secular, 295;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">bondage to Pope and king, <i>ib.</i>, 296;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">decay of their moral influence, 296, 297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">excluded from state offices, 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by John of Gaunt and Wyclif, 308;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">decline of their influence, iii. 96, 97;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Wolsey's struggle with, 246;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Thomas Cromwell's policy towards, 295;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">charged with breach of Pr&aelig;munire, 296;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">submission, 297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their enslavement, 301, 302, 311, 312;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">allowed to marry, iv. 49;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their five articles of 1559, 156, 157;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Elizabeth's dealings with, 161, 162;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their position and character in her reign, 302-304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of Puritanism among, 340; v. 89, 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">required to subscribe all the Articles, 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with James II., vii. 18, 19, 24, 30;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under the Georges, 171, 172;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character in the eighteenth century, viii. 47;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Puritan, expelled, iv. 342; v. 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Laud's <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-229" id="Page_8-229"></a><a href="./images/229.png">8-229</a>]</span>dealings with, 295-297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their final expulsion, vi. 209;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">its results, 210-213;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their sufferings, 222, 223</li>
+
+<li><a name="Cleveland" id="Cleveland"></a>Cleveland, Barbara Palmer, duchess of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Castlemaine">Castlemaine</a>), vi. 175</li>
+
+<li>Cleves, quarrel about, v. 178</li>
+
+<li><i>Clericis Laicos</i>, bull, ii. 163</li>
+
+<li>Clifford, Thomas, eighth Lord, iii. 74</li>
+
+<li>Clifford, John, ninth Lord, iii. 78</li>
+
+<li>Clifford, Sir Thomas (first Lord Clifford of Chudleigh),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">commissioner of the Treasury, vi. 245, 261;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Treasurer, 271;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns, 274</li>
+
+<li>Clinton, Sir Henry, viii. 32</li>
+
+<li>Clive, Robert, vii. 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seizes Arcot, 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Plassey, 261, 262</li>
+
+<li>Clonmell stormed by Cromwell, vi. 79</li>
+
+<li>Closter-Seven, Convention of, vii. 249, 262</li>
+
+<li>Clydesdale, persecution of Catholics in, iv. 218</li>
+
+<li>Cnihtenagild at Aldgate, i. 223, 299</li>
+
+<li>Cnut, king of Denmark, i. 143;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of England, 143-147</li>
+
+<li>Cnut II., king of Denmark, i. 189</li>
+
+<li>Coal, discovery of, viii. 56, 57</li>
+
+<li>Coalition ministry, the, viii. 65-69</li>
+
+<li>Cobham, Eleanor, iii. 43, 58, 97</li>
+
+<li>Cobham, Edward Brooke, Lord, iii. 69</li>
+
+<li><a name="Cobham" id="Cobham"></a>Cobham, John Oldcastle, Lord (<i>see</i> <a href="#Oldcastle">Oldcastle</a>), iii. 20, 23, 26, 28</li>
+
+<li>Coinage,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new, under Edward I., ii. 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">debasement of, under Henry VIII., iv. 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Edward VI., 57, 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reform of, under William III., vii. 89</li>
+
+<li>Coggeshall, Ralph of, i. 174</li>
+
+<li>Coke, Sir Edward, v. 202, 248, 263</li>
+
+<li>Colchester (Camulodunum)</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reduced by East Saxons, i. 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestant martyrs of, iv. 144;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">siege of, vi. 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrender, 64</li>
+
+<li>Colchester, Thomas Beche, abbot of, hanged, iii. 350</li>
+
+<li>Coleman, Edward, vi. 293, 295, 298</li>
+
+<li>Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, viii. 135</li>
+
+<li>Colet, John,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his theology, iii. 191, 192;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">lectures at Oxford, 192;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Dean of St. Paul's, 197;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">founds school, 200;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">address to Convocation, 202, 203;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">charged with heresy, 203;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protected by Warham and Henry, 204;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protests against war, 210</li>
+
+<li>Colepepper, Sir John, v. 375, 378</li>
+
+<li>Colgan's <i>Lives of Irish Saints</i>, i. 8</li>
+
+<li>Coligni, Admiral, iv. 209, 216, 299</li>
+
+<li>Colman, bishop of Lindisfarne, i. 79, 80</li>
+
+<li>Columba, St., i. 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Adamnan's <i>Life of</i>, 8</li>
+
+<li>Columban, St., i. 68</li>
+
+<li>Commendation, system of, i. 133, 321</li>
+
+<li>Commerce. <i>See</i> <a href="#Trade">Trade</a></li>
+
+<li>Commines, Philippe de, his comments on England, iii. 85, 107</li>
+
+<li>Commission, Court of High,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">established, iv. 216;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its new powers in 1583, 340;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Laud's use of, v. 295;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its civil jurisdiction abolished, 363;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored, vii. 18;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dissolved, 39</li>
+
+<li>Committee of Public Safety, vi. 1, 13;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the Two Kingdoms, 17</li>
+
+<li>Commonalty, scheme for its representation, ii. 61, 73</li>
+
+<li><a name="Commons" id="Commons"></a>Commons, the,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">summoned to Parliament, ii. 73, 153, 154;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their right to share in all legislative action established, 196, 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">House of, fully constituted, 203;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">petitions against papal encroachments, 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its advance under Edward III., 231, 232, 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">shrinks from meddling with administration, 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">increasing share in legislation, 301;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists John of Gaunt's demands, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its action in the Good Parliament, 305;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Parliament of 1377, 311, 312;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Richard II., 370;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demands confiscation of Church lands, iii. 15, 21;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">changes in its character during Wars of the Roses, 99;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Wolsey, 245;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">petition to Henry, VIII., 290;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first detailed account of its proceedings, iv. 5;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes Northumberland's policy, 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Elizabeth, 238, 239;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">advance under her, v. 56, 57;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with James I., 154, 155, 160-163, 179-182;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">action in Parliament of 1621, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-230" id="Page_8-230"></a><a href="./images/230.png">8-230</a>]</span>221, 222, 224, 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in that of 1625, 245-247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in that of 1626, 250, 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">draws up the Petition of Right, 260;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">action in 1640, 340;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resolves on the trial of Charles I., vi. 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">abolishes Monarchy, 68;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sets up a Commonwealth, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">passes the Exclusion Bill, 319;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejects the Securities Bill, 320;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">impeaches Fitzharris, 323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its sovereignty, vii. 80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position under William, III., 81;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Marlborough, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Whigs' management of, 176;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposals for its reform, viii. 9, 10, 63, 67, 75, 76, 195;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">adopts Catholic emancipation, viii. 196.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Parliament">Parliament</a></li>
+
+<li>Commonwealth</li>
+  <li class="subitem">established in England, vi. 68, 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proclaimed in London, 73</li>
+
+<li>"Commune," the, in towns, i. 318; ii. 69</li>
+
+<li>Companies, trading, v. 161</li>
+
+<li>Compi&egrave;gne, Jeanne d'Arc taken prisoner at, iii. 53</li>
+
+<li>"Complaint of the Commons of Kent," iii. 65, 66</li>
+
+<li>Comprehension Bill, vii. 63</li>
+
+<li>Compton, Bishop of London, vii. 18, 19, 28, 35</li>
+
+<li>Compurgation, i. 239, 313</li>
+
+<li>Comyn, John, regent of Scotland, ii. 170, 171</li>
+
+<li>Comyn, John, of Badenoch, ii. 173</li>
+
+<li>Cond&eacute;, Louis I., Prince of, iv. 188, 209, 264, 267</li>
+
+<li>Cond&eacute;, Louis II., Prince of, vi. 190</li>
+
+<li>Congregation, Lords of the,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their relations with Mary of Guise, iv. 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">occupy Edinburgh, 169;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Elizabeth, 170-174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Francis and Mary, 176;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rise against Mary, 245, 246</li>
+
+<li>Congress,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the first American, vii. 330;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Philadelphia, viii. 19, 20, 22</li>
+
+<li>Connaught</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by the English, iii. 329;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Wentworth's dealings with, v. 364, 365</li>
+
+<li>Connecticut,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first settlement of, v. 319, 320;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to join in war against England, viii. 203</li>
+
+<li>Conquereux, battle of, i. 212</li>
+
+<li>Conservators of the Peace, ii. 123</li>
+
+<li>Consilt, battle of, ii. 54</li>
+
+<li>Constable, Sir Robert, iii. 325</li>
+
+<li>Constable, the king's, origin of his office, i. 132</li>
+
+<li>Constance of Britanny, i. 247, 260</li>
+
+<li>Constantine, king of Scots, i. 119, 120</li>
+
+<li>Constantinople</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captured by the Turks, iii. 189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English exiles at, i. 167</li>
+
+<li>"Constitutional Clubs," viii. 95, 100</li>
+
+<li>Constitutions of Clarendon, i. 235</li>
+
+<li>Contades, General, vii. 264</li>
+
+<li>Continental System, viii. 175, 176;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its results, 177</li>
+
+<li>Contract, the Great, v. 179</li>
+
+<li>Convention</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1660, vi. 152;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">declares itself a Parliament, 194;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1689, vii. 44-47;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">becomes a Parliament, 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Constituent, vi. 94-98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the French, viii. 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Scottish, of 1659, vi. 150;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">of 1689, vii. 51.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Parliament">Parliament</a></li>
+
+<li>Convocation,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">provincial, of the clergy, ii. 158;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its legislative power taken away, iii. 301, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1413, iii. 20;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1512, Colet's address to, 202, 203;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1531, 296, 297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1532, 301;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1533, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1604, its canons, v. 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1689, vii. 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Perth, ii. 171</li>
+
+<li>Conway,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">castle built at, ii. 121;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 10;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recovered by Percy, 11</li>
+
+<li>Cook, Captain, vii. 278</li>
+
+<li><a name="Cooper" id="Cooper"></a>Cooper, Anthony Ashley, vi. 95;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his early life, 215, 216;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks Cromwell's memory, 148;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">advises the return of excluded members of the Rump, 151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Chancellor of the Exchequer, 194.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Ashley">Ashley</a></li>
+
+<li>Cope, Sir John, vii. 228</li>
+
+<li>Copenhagen,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle of, viii. 163;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">bombardment of, 180</li>
+
+<li>Copper, export of, from Cornwall, iv. 279</li>
+
+<li>Copy-holders, i. 323</li>
+
+<li>Corfe, Eadward the Martyr slain at, i. 139</li>
+
+<li>Cormac's <i>Glossary</i>, i. 8</li>
+
+<li>Cornwal, John, ii. 357</li>
+
+<li>Cornwall</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Ecgberht, i. 102;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Royalist rising in, vi. 5, 6;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tin-mines in, i. 30; ii. 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">export of tin from, iv. 279;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">of copper, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">West Welsh of, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-231" id="Page_8-231"></a><a href="./images/231.png">8-231</a>]</span>become vassals of &AElig;thelstan, i. 120</li>
+
+<li>Cornwall, Henry, Earl of, i. 345</li>
+
+<li>Cornwall, Richard, Earl of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Richard">Richard</a></li>
+
+<li>Cornwallis, Charles, second earl and first marquis,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captures Charlestown, viii. 32;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders at York Town, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 130, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victories in India, 131</li>
+
+<li>Coronation-stone, the Scottish, ii. 162</li>
+
+<li>Coroners, i. 264; ii. 149</li>
+
+<li>Corresponding Society, viii. 106</li>
+
+<li>Cortes, Hernan, iv. 329</li>
+
+<li>Corunna,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Drake's descent on, iv. 355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">siege of, 367, 368;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle of, viii. 187</li>
+
+<li>Cotentin, the,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by William Longsword, i. 155;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to Robert by Henry I., 201</li>
+
+<li>Cotton, Bartholomew de, i. 274</li>
+
+<li>Cotton, manufacture of, viii. 53, 59, 193</li>
+
+<li>Council</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Agitators, vi. 52;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Continual, ii. 114, 353; iii. 22, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Great, i. 256, 351;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">changes in its character after Norman Conquest, ii. 144;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its importance under Henry II., 144, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">powers over taxation recognised by the Great Charter, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">mode of summons to, 146;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its composition under Henry III., <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">claim to appoint ministers, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demands for reform, 45;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its assembly regulated by Provisions of Oxford, 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">becomes Parliament, 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the King's, i. 256;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its later developements, ii. 112;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">criminal jurisdiction, iii. 178;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position under the Tudors, v. 186, 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">set aside by James I., 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character after the Restoration, vi. 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reorganized by Temple, <i>ib.</i>, 304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Nine, ii. 275;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the North, v. 285, 363;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Officers, vi. 49, 52, 64, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its plan for a new Parliament, 74;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forces Richard Cromwell to dissolve Parliament, 149;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Permanent, of Fifteen, ii. 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Privy, i. 256;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of State, under the Commonwealth, vi. 72;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">broken up, 91;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new one formed, 94;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new, named by the Convention, 99;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its organization, 100</li>
+
+<li>Councils,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Church, their political results, i. 84, 224;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Occasional, called by Edward III., ii. 292, 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Provincial, of 1282, 120</li>
+
+<li>Counties, restriction of franchise in, iii. 101, 102</li>
+
+<li><a name="County_court" id="County_court"></a>County court (shire-court),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">preserved by William I., i. 185, 186;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">towns represented in, ii. 73;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its composition and functions, 149;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">principle of representation in, <i>ib.</i>, 150;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">election of knights of the shire in, 151, 152</li>
+
+<li>Country Party, the, vi. 272, 298</li>
+
+<li>Courcy, John de, ii. 374</li>
+
+<li>Courtenay, Bishop of London, ii. 309;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop of Canterbury, 339-341, 346</li>
+
+<li>Coutras, battle of, iv. 355</li>
+
+<li>Covenant,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Scottish, iv. 115, 116;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">renewed in 1638, v. 333;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">taken by the English Parliament, vi. 14, 16, 17;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forced on the army, 50;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">taken by the Convention of 1660, 152;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">burnt in Westminster Hall, 204</li>
+
+<li>Coventry,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament at, iii. 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Mary Stuart imprisoned at, iv. 269</li>
+
+<li>Coventry, Sir William, vi. 245, 272</li>
+
+<li>Coverdale, Miles, iii. 334</li>
+
+<li>Cowell, John, v. 169</li>
+
+<li>Cowley, Abraham, vi. 165</li>
+
+<li>Cowling Castle, headquarters of the Lollards, iii. 20, 27</li>
+
+<li>Cowper, William, Lord Keeper, vii. 125;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">chancellor, 175</li>
+
+<li>Cowper, William, poet, viii. 46</li>
+
+<li>Cox, Richard, iv. 119</li>
+
+<li>Crabbe, George, viii. 46</li>
+
+<li><a name="Craft_gilds" id="Craft_gilds"></a>Craft-gilds, i. 316-318</li>
+
+<li>Craggs, Secretary of State, vii. 192</li>
+
+<li>Cranfield, Lord Treasurer, v. 229, 236</li>
+
+<li>Cranmer, Thomas, iii. 272;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports the king's divorce, 291;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposes an appeal to the universities, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop of Canterbury, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowns Anne Boleyn, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tenders the oath of allegiance to More, 318, 319;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards Lutheranism, 336;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">opposes persecution, 346;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">drifts into Protestantism, iv. 48, 59, 127;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">welcomes foreign refugees, 51;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his view of Episcopacy, 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">remonstrates against Edward's "plan" for the succession, 70;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sent to the <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-232" id="Page_8-232"></a><a href="./images/232.png">8-232</a>]</span>Tower, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tried for treason, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his political position, 103, 104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">share in the English Liturgy, 103;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">convicted of heresy, 104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 105;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Strype's <i>Life of</i>, 3</li>
+
+<li>Cr&eacute;cy, battle of, ii. 237-239</li>
+
+<li>Cremona, battle of, vii. 118</li>
+
+<li>Cr&eacute;py, treaty of, iv. 32, 33</li>
+
+<li>Creton's <i>History of Richard II.</i>, ii. 179</li>
+
+<li>Crewe, Chief Justice, v. 254</li>
+
+<li>Crompton, Samuel, viii. 60</li>
+
+<li>Cromwell, Henry, vi. 109</li>
+
+<li>Cromwell, Oliver,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his youth, v. 103; vi. 24, 25;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alleged scheme of emigration, v. 320;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">share in Association of the Eastern Counties, vi. 8;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Marston Moor, 19, 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with Manchester at Newbury, 24;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his person, 25;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regiment, 26;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">temper, 27;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Dissidents, 33, 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy, 34;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Naseby, 40, 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">pleads for religious liberty, 44, 45;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns his command, 53;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejoins the army, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiates with the king, 57;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes the ordinance against heresy, 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieges the royalists in Pembroke, 61, 162;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Preston, 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marches into Scotland, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">charged with treason, 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">suppresses a revolt of the army, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign in Ireland, 76, 77, 79;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns, 79;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord-General, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invades Scotland, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Dunbar, 80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">occupies Edinburgh, 82;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Worcester, 84;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports the demand for a new Parliament, 87;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">drives out the Rump, 90, 91;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns his power to the Convention, 95;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his political and social views, 97, 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protector, 100, 102;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his administration, 103;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with the Parliament of 1654, 102, 103, 105;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his military despotism, 106-108;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settlement of Scotland, 108, 109;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">of Ireland, 109, 110;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">of England, 111, 112;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">foreign policy, 114-117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Parliament of 1655, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Crown offered to, <i>ib.</i>, 120;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">refuses it, 121, 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">inaugurated as Protector, 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">successes abroad, 123, 124;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">failure at home, 125;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his theory of the Christian State, 127, 128;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">failing health, 143;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his "House of Lords," 144;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dissolves the Parliament, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">last illness, 146;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 147;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his corpse outraged, 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">authorities for his history, v. 73</li>
+
+<li>Cromwell, Richard, vi. 147, 149</li>
+
+<li>Cromwell, Thomas,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his early life, iii. 282, 283;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Wolsey, 283-285;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">counsel to Henry about the divorce, 285;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy, 294, 295;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Privy Seal, 304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Vicar-General, 306;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with the monasteries, 310, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with the clergy, 311, 312;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his reign of terror, 312-315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">temper, 315, 316;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the nobles, 321, 322;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reform of religion, 333;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Church policy in Ireland, 341, 342;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">orders removal of images, 343;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Parliament, iv. 8, 9;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">last struggle, iii. 347-351;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fall and death, 352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">results of his policy, iv. 7-14</li>
+
+<li>Crotoy relieved by Talbot, iii. 56</li>
+
+<li>Crowland, i. 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">burnt by northmen, 104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Chronicle of, ii. 179, 180</li>
+
+<li>Croys, the, iii. 122, 125</li>
+
+<li>Crusades,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their effect on learning, i. 282;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Richard I., 261;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Edward I., ii. 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry IV.'s project of, iii. 25;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry V.'s, 36, 38</li>
+
+<li>Cuba</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by England, vii. 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored to Spain, <i>ib.</i></li>
+
+<li>Cudworth, Ralph, vi. 169</li>
+
+<li>Culloden, battle of, vii. 230</li>
+
+<li>Cumberland, William, Duke of, vii. 227, 230, 248, 251</li>
+
+<li>Cumberland, Henry Clifford, first Earl of, iii. 323</li>
+
+<li>Cumberland, Henry Clifford, second Earl of, iv. 162</li>
+
+<li>Cumberland, George Clifford, third Earl of, iv. 353, 358</li>
+
+<li>Cumbria,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">British kingdom of, i. 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Ecgfrith, 87;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">by Eadmund, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">granted to Malcolm, king of Scots, <i>ib.</i></li>
+
+<li>Cup-thegn (butler), i. 132</li>
+
+<li>"Customs" of the realm, i. 235</li>
+
+<li>Customs duties,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward I.'s, ii. 107, 164, 172, 189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">granted to Edward IV. for life, 89, 152;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new, imposed by James I., v. 172;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">granted to Charles I. for a year only, 246</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-233" id="Page_8-233"></a><a href="./images/233.png">8-233</a>]</span>Cuthbert, St., i. 74-76, 87, 88</li>
+
+<li>Cuthwulf, king of the West Saxons, i. 37</li>
+
+<li>Cynric, king of the West Saxons, i. 34, 49</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Dacres, William, third Lord, iv. 162</li>
+
+<li>Dacres, Leonard, iv. 269</li>
+
+<li>D&aelig;gsastan, battle of, i. 60</li>
+
+<li>Dalaber, Anthony, iii. 262</li>
+
+<li>Dalrymple, John, Master of Stair, vii. 52, 53</li>
+
+<li>Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Treasurer, vi. 282;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy, 282-286;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">duped by Charles, 287;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his bill for the security of the Church, 288;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">foreign policy, 289, 290;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">impeached, 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismissed, 300;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">released from the Tower, vii. 2;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">warns William against James II., 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">signs the invitation to William, 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prepares for a rising, 37;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">raises Yorkshire, 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy in the Convention of 1689, 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord President, 67</li>
+
+<li>Danegeld, i. 186, 207, 216, 350; ii. 104</li>
+
+<li>Danelaw, the, i. 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its struggle with &AElig;lfred, 116, 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">subdued by Eadmund, 120;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rises against Eadred, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">final submission, <i>ib.</i>, 124;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Dunstan's policy towards, 137</li>
+
+<li>Danes. <i>See</i> <a href="#Northmen">Northmen</a></li>
+
+<li>Daniel, poet and historian, v. 4, 35</li>
+
+<li>Darcy, Thomas, Lord (of Aston), iii. 323-325</li>
+
+<li>Darien, colony of, vii. 89</li>
+
+<li>Darnley, Henry Stuart, Lord, iv. 220, 221;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Mary Stuart, 224;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrels with her, 227;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">share in Rizzio's murder, 228;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dissolves Parliament, 229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reconciled to Mary, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plots against him, 242, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 244</li>
+
+<li>Dartford, peasant revolt at, ii. 319</li>
+
+<li>Dartmouth,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Breton descent on, iii. 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Warwick and Clarence land at, 138</li>
+
+<li>Dartmouth, George Legge, first Lord, vii. 77</li>
+
+<li>Daun, General, vii. 263, 302</li>
+
+<li>Davenant, Sir William, v. 303</li>
+
+<li>David I., king of Scots, i. 217; ii. 133;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Laws, ii. 171</li>
+
+<li>David II., king of Scots. <i>See</i> <a href="#Bruce">Bruce</a></li>
+
+<li>David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon, ii. 134, 136</li>
+
+<li>David, brother of Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, ii. 119, 121</li>
+
+<li>Davies, Sir John, v. 303</li>
+
+<li>Davison, Secretary of State, iv. 352</li>
+
+<li>Dean, Forest of, iron-mines in, i. 30</li>
+
+<li>Deane, General, vi. 108</li>
+
+<li>Debt, the National, vii. 87</li>
+
+<li>"Defenders," viii. 119</li>
+
+<li>Deira,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">kingdom of, i. 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Bernicians, 52, 53;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Oswald, 67;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">to Penda, 71.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Northumbria">Northumbria</a></li>
+
+<li>Dekker, Thomas, v. 42</li>
+
+<li>Delaware, colony of, vii. 236</li>
+
+<li>Denham, Sir John, vi. 325</li>
+
+<li>Denmark,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its monarchy founded, i. 128;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Sweden and Hanover, vii. 188, 189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins leagues against England, viii. 162, 180;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its fleet captured, 180, 181</li>
+
+<li>Deorham, battle of, i. 38, 61</li>
+
+<li>Derby,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by &AElig;thelfl&aelig;d, 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles Edward at, vii. 228</li>
+
+<li><a name="Henry_Derby" id="Henry_Derby"></a>Derby, Henry Plantagenet I., Earl of, ii. 234, 235, 243</li>
+
+<li>Derby, Henry Plantagenet III., Earl of, ii. 353</li>
+
+<li>Derby, Henry III. of Lancaster, Earl of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Henry_IV">Henry IV.</a> (king).</li>
+
+<li>Derby, Edward Stanley, third Earl of, iv. 267, 269</li>
+
+<li>Derby, William Stanley, ninth Earl of, vii. 23</li>
+
+<li>Derby, Earls of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Ferrars">Ferrars</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Derbyshire, lead mines in, ii. 107</li>
+
+<li>D'Erlon, General, viii. 208, 209</li>
+
+<li>Dermod, king of Leinster, i. 251, 252</li>
+
+<li>Derry, colonisation of, v. 289</li>
+
+<li>Derwentwater, James Radcliffe, third Earl of, vii. 184</li>
+
+<li>Desmond, Gerald Fitzmaurice (or Fitzgerald), fifteenth Earl of, iv. 315, 316</li>
+
+<li>Desmond, James Fitzgerald, seventeenth Earl of, v. 62</li>
+
+<li>Despenser, Hugh, justiciar, ii. 64, 66, 87</li>
+
+<li>Despenser, Hugh, the elder, ii. 194, 198.</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-234" id="Page_8-234"></a><a href="./images/234.png">8-234</a>]</span>Despenser, Hugh, the younger, ii. 194, 195, 199</li>
+
+<li>Dettingen, battle of, vii. 224</li>
+
+<li>Devon</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rises against William. I., i. 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">against Somerset, iv. 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">secured by Prince Maurice for Charles I., vi. 13;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising in, under Monmouth, vii. 9</li>
+
+<li><a name="Devonshire" id="Devonshire"></a>Devonshire, William Cavendish, fourth Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Cavendish">Cavendish</a>), vii. 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">signs the invitation to William III., 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prepares for a rising, 37;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">heads the rising in the Midlands, 41</li>
+
+<li>Devonshire, Thomas Courtenay, fifth Earl of, iii. 69</li>
+
+<li>Devonshire, Thomas Courtenay, sixth Earl of, ii. 80</li>
+
+<li>Devon, Edward Courtenay, Earl of, iv. 78</li>
+
+<li>D'Ewes, Sir Symonds, iv. 5; v. 72</li>
+
+<li>D'Eyvill, John, ii. 84</li>
+
+<li>Dieppe burnt by the English fleet, i. 333</li>
+
+<li>Digby, Sir Everard, v. 159</li>
+
+<li>Digby, Sir Kenelm, vi. 168</li>
+
+<li>Digges, Sir Dudley, v. 251, 253</li>
+
+<li>Dioceses, English,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">origin of their limits, i. 82, 83;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">organized by Theodore, 83</li>
+
+<li>Directory, the French, viii. 113</li>
+
+<li>"Disinherited," the, ii. 84, 86-89</li>
+
+<li>"Dissidence," growth of, vi. 30-32</li>
+
+<li>D'Oillis, the, i. 284</li>
+
+<li>Domesday Book, i. 186</li>
+
+<li>Domfront taken by Henry V., iii. 33</li>
+
+<li>Dominic, St., ii. 9</li>
+
+<li>Dominicans (Black Friars) come to England, ii. 11</li>
+
+<li>Domr&eacute;my, home of Jeanne d'Arc, iii. 46</li>
+
+<li>Donne, John, v. 303</li>
+
+<li>Dorset, risings in, i. 168; vii. 9</li>
+
+<li>Dorset, John Beaufort, Marquis of (Earl of Somerset), iii. 7</li>
+
+<li>Dorset, Thomas Grey, second Marquis of, iii. 209</li>
+
+<li>Dorset, Thomas Sackville, first Earl of, v. 22</li>
+
+<li>Dorset, Charles Sackville, sixth Earl of, vii. 23</li>
+
+<li>Douay,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English college at, iv. 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Oxford refugees at, 317</li>
+
+<li>Douglas, Archibald, fourth Earl of, iii. 13, 14, 39</li>
+
+<li>Douglas, Sir Archibald, Regent of Scotland, ii. 211</li>
+
+<li>Douglas, James, ii. 184, 204, 205, 210</li>
+
+<li>Douglas, house of, their struggle with the Scot kings, iii. 184</li>
+
+<li>Dover,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tumult at, in 1051, i. 152;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists Lewis of France, 355; ii. 2;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders to Henry III., 83;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty of, vi. 257</li>
+
+<li>Dowdall, Archbishop of Armagh, iv. 62</li>
+
+<li>D'Oysel, French ambassador in Scotland, iv. 173</li>
+
+<li>Drake, Francis,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his voyage round the world, iv. 333, 334;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expedition to the Spanish Main, 349;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">to Cadiz and Corunna, 355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in the fleet against the Armada, 361, 362;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expedition to Lisbon, 367</li>
+
+<li><a name="Drama" id="Drama"></a>Drama, English,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its beginnings, v. 20-22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">developement under Elizabeth, 22-24;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">after the Restoration, vi. 163, 164</li>
+
+<li>Drayton's <i>Polyolbion</i>, v. 35</li>
+
+<li>Dreux captured by Henry V., iii. 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle of, iv. 210</li>
+
+<li>Drogheda, massacre at, vi. 76, 77</li>
+
+<li>Dryden, Sir Erasmus, vi. 325</li>
+
+<li>Dryden, John, vi. 165, 324, 325;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">founder of the school of critical poets, 326;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his tragedies, 327;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">comedies, 328, 329;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Annus Mirabilis</i>, 330;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude in politics and religion, 331;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Absalom and Ahitophel</i>, 332-334;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">influence on literature, vii. 154-157</li>
+
+<li>Dublin, sieges of, i. 252; vi. 76</li>
+
+<li>Dublin, John Allen, Archbishop of, murdered, iii. 328</li>
+
+<li>Dubois, the Abb&eacute;, vii. 187</li>
+
+<li>Dudley, Lord Guildford, iv. 69, 75, 84</li>
+
+<li><a name="Dudley" id="Dudley"></a>Dudley, Lord Robert, iv. 193.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Leicester">Leicester</a></li>
+
+<li>Dudley, Edmund, iii. 199</li>
+
+<li>Dudo of St. Quentin, i. 6</li>
+
+<li>Dumouriez, General, viii. 101, 107</li>
+
+<li>Duncan, Admiral, viii. 127</li>
+
+<li>Dundas, Henry, viii. 171</li>
+
+<li>Dundee, John Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount, vii. 51, 52</li>
+
+<li>Dunes, battle of the, vi. 124</li>
+
+<li>Dunkirk</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to Cromwell, vi. 124;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sold to France, 214;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismantled, vii. 142</li>
+
+<li>Dunluce, ships of the Armada wrecked off, iv. 363</li>
+
+<li>Dunning, John, Solicitor-General, viii. 15</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-235" id="Page_8-235"></a><a href="./images/235.png">8-235</a>]</span>Dunois, Count of, iii. 49, 50, 62</li>
+
+<li>Dupleix, General, vii. 233-235</li>
+
+<li>Duquesne, Fort, vii. 243, 245, 266</li>
+
+<li>Duns Scotus, ii. 276</li>
+
+<li><i>Dunstable, Annals of</i>, i. 273</li>
+
+<li>Dunstan, St., i. 120-123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his struggle with Eadwig, 136;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop of Canterbury, 137;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy and rule, <i>ib.</i>, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fall, 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Lives of</i>, 6</li>
+
+<li>Durham,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">historians of, i. 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">King John at, 340</li>
+
+<li>Durie, John, v. 138</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Eadberht, king of Northumbria, i. 96, 97</li>
+
+<li>Eadgar, King, i. 137, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Law, 144</li>
+
+<li>Eadgar, king of Scots, i. 197</li>
+
+<li>Eadgar, the &AElig;theling, i. 154, 165, 168, 170, 197</li>
+
+<li>Eadgyth, wife of Eadward the Confessor, i. 150, 165</li>
+
+<li>Eadmer, i. 173, 243</li>
+
+<li>Eadmund, St., king of East Anglia, i. 104</li>
+
+<li>Eadmund (the Magnificent), King, i. 120, 122, 123</li>
+
+<li>Eadmund Ironside, King, i. 143;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his children, 144, 153</li>
+
+<li>Eadred, King, i. 123, 136</li>
+
+<li>Eadric, ealdorman of Mercia, i. 142-144</li>
+
+<li>Eadward the Elder, King, i. 117-119, 305</li>
+
+<li>Eadward the Martyr, King, i. 139</li>
+
+<li>Eadward the Confessor, King, i, 149-153, 158, 160;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Laws, 150, 199, 340;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Life of</i>, 6</li>
+
+<li>Eadwig, King, i. 136, 137</li>
+
+<li>Eadwig, son of &AElig;thelred II., i. 144</li>
+
+<li>Eadwine, king of Northumbria, i. 62-64, 66</li>
+
+<li>Eadwine, earl of Mercia, i. 160, 165, 167, 170</li>
+
+<li>Eadwulf, earl of Northumbria, i. 146</li>
+
+<li>Ealdorman, the,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his office, i. 48, 49;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">becomes a delegate of the king, 131;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rises again to independence, 134;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">replaced by the earl, 146</li>
+
+<li>Ealdred, Archbishop of York, i. 166</li>
+
+<li>Earl, the, i. 11, 50;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">superseded by the thegn, 51</li>
+
+<li>Earldoms,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the four great, i. 146;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">abolished, 185</li>
+
+<li>Earls supersede ealdormen, i. 146</li>
+
+<li>East Anglia,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its conquest, i. 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Christianity in, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">subject to Mercia, 91;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolts, 102;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by the northmen, 104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">bridled by Eadward the Elder, 117, 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">earldom of, 146;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestant martyrs in, iv. 96</li>
+
+<li>"Easterlings," i. 303</li>
+
+<li>Eastern Counties, Association of the, vi. 8, 13</li>
+
+<li>East India Company, iv. 284; vii. 63, 232</li>
+
+<li><a name="East_Saxons" id="East_Saxons"></a>East-Saxons,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their settlement, i. 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conversion, 59</li>
+
+<li>Ebbsfleet, i. 31, 32, 58</li>
+
+<li>Ecclesiastical Courts separated from civil Courts, i. 188</li>
+
+<li>Ecgberht, king of Wessex, i. 101-103</li>
+
+<li>Ecgfrith, king of Northumbria, i. 86-89</li>
+
+<li>Ecgwine, Bishop of Worcester, i. 86</li>
+
+<li>Eddi's <i>Life of Wilfrid</i>, i. 4</li>
+
+<li>Edgecote, battle of, iii. 134</li>
+
+<li>Edgehill, battle of, vi. 3</li>
+
+<li>Edinburgh</li>
+  <li class="subitem">founded, i. 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seat of the Scot kings, 147;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">won by Bruce, ii. 191;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">burnt by the English, iv. 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">castle of, besieged by Henry IV., iii. 9;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty of, iv. 176;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">riot at, against the new Liturgy, v. 328;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Covenant signed at, 333;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rises against James VII., vii. 50;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"James the Eighth" proclaimed at, 228</li>
+
+<li><i>Edinburgh Review</i>, the, viii. 195</li>
+
+<li>Edington, battle of, i. 107</li>
+
+<li>Edith. <i>See</i> <a href="#Matilda">Matilda</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="Edmund_Rich" id="Edmund_Rich"></a>Edmund Rich, St., i. 287-289;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">obtains dismissal of Peter des Roches, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, 58;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">retires to Pontigny, 42</li>
+
+<li><a name="Edmund_Crouchback" id="Edmund_Crouchback"></a>Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III., ii. 59, 82, 87, 187, 188</li>
+
+<li>Edmund, Earl of Woodstock, ii. 293</li>
+
+<li>Edward (I.), son of Henry III.,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated by the Welsh, ii. 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins Earl Simon, 64, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejoins Henry, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marches against Llewelyn, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders Windsor, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attempts to surprise London, 70;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">share in battle of Lewes, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prisoner, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-236" id="Page_8-236"></a><a href="./images/236.png">8-236</a>]</span>71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">escapes, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seizes Gloucester, 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeats the younger Simon, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">meets Simon at Evesham, 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude after the battle, 81;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marches against Axholme, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations for peace, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captures Adam Gurdon, 87;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects off his influence, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes on Crusade, 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">King, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his motto, 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his temper, 91-93;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">influence of chivalry on, 94, 95;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">spirit of legality, 96;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">moral temper, 97;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">military skill, <i>ib.</i>, 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">political genius, 98, 99;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">constitutional aspect of his reign, 100, 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first measures, 102, 103;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">progress of art and trade in his reign, 105-107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">brings Llewelyn to submission, 108, 109;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">judicial reforms, 109-113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy towards the barons, 116, 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">towards the Church, 118, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquest of Wales, 119-121;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">legislation, 122-124;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">visit to Aquitaine, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expels the Jews, 131;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Scotland, 135-140;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with France, 141, 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">summons Scotch barons to war in Guienne, 143;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">admits burgesses to Parliament, 154;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his scheme for representation of clergy in Parliament, 157;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">storms Berwick, 160, 161;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Scotland submits to, 161, 162;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the clergy, 163;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">exactions from merchants, 164;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with barons, 164, 165;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to Flanders, 165;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">confirms the Charters, <i>ib.</i>, 166, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">truce with France, 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Falkirk, 169;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with France, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">second conquest of Scotland, 171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his "New Custom," 172;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">absolved by the Pope from his oath to observe the Charters, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his vow on the swan, 173, 174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 174</li>
+
+<li>Edward (II.), son of Edward I., ii. 173, 174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character and policy, 184-186;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage, 186;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Gaveston and the barons, 186-188;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the Ordainers, 188-191;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marches on Scotland, 191;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Bannockburn, 192, 193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">accepts the Ordinances, 194;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign of 1319, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the Despensers, 194, 195;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">truce with Scotland, 196;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with France, 197, 198;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">flies to Lundy Island, 198;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">deposed, 199, 200;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">murdered, 200;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">authorities for his reign, 177</li>
+
+<li>Edward (III.) of Windsor, son of Edward II., ii. 198;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proclaimed king, 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arrests Mortimer, 207;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with France, 208, 209;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">acknowledged as suzerain by Edward Balliol, 211;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes Berwick, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">receives Balliol's homage, 212;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">declares war on France, 213;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">number of his forces, 216;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">continental alliances, 216-219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Vicar-General of the Empire, 219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations with France, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieges Cambray, 220;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">complains of papal exactions, 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Flemish towns, 226, 227;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieges Tournay, 228;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">losses in Scotland, 229, 230;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Parliament, 230-233, 292, 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports John of Montfort in Britanny, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invades Normandy, 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marches on Paris, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Cr&eacute;cy, 237-239;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">causes of his military success, 242, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieges Calais, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his treatment of the six burgesses, 245-247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the imperial crown offered to, 248;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his character, 249-251;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">founds the Order of the Garter, 252;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rebuilds Windsor Castle, <i>ib.</i></li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Charles of Navarre, 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with David Bruce, 263, 264;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ravages France, 265;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Burgundy, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with the Regent of France, 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forbids entry of Papal bulls, 273;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy in Spain, 287;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">truce with Charles V., 288;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his evil rule, 290, 291;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">compromise with the Pope, 296;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 311</li>
+
+<li><a name="Edward_IV" id="Edward_IV"></a>Edward (IV.), Earl of March, iii. 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Mortimer's Cross, 78;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">King, 80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his finance, 89, 152;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protection of trade, 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his temper, 112, 116-118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Lewis XI., 120, 121, 123, 124;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage, 124;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">double-dealing with Lewis and Charles the Bold, 129, 130;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league with Charles, 130;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Warwick, 131-135;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">driven out, 139;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">returns, 141;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Barnet, 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marches against Margaret, 143;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">defeats her at Tewkesbury, 144, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new alliance <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-237" id="Page_8-237"></a><a href="./images/237.png">8-237</a>]</span>with Charles against Lewis, 148;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invades France, 149;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">makes peace with Lewis, 150;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his rule, 151-153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 163</li>
+
+<li>Edward V., King, iii. 163, 167;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">More's <i>Life of</i>, 83, 218</li>
+
+<li>Edward (VI.), son of Henry VIII.,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">born, iii. 326;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">scheme for his marriage, iv. 26;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his temper, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"plan" for the succession, 69, 70;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 70;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Journal</i>, 3;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Hayward's <i>Life of</i>, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Grammar Schools, 62</li>
+
+<li>Edward (the Black Prince)</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposed as Count of Flanders, ii. 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">exploits at Cr&eacute;cy, 237, 238;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ravages Guienne, 259, 260;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign on the Loire, 260;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Poitiers, 261-263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invested with Aquitaine, 281;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Pedro the Cruel, 283;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Navarete, 284;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">imposes hearth-tax on Aquitaine, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">summoned by France to answer the Gascon appeal, 285;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">storms Limoges, 286;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage, 293;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sickness, 286, 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">action in the Good Parliament, 305;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 306</li>
+
+<li>Edward, son of Henry VI., iii. 71, 137, 140, 145</li>
+
+<li>Egypt</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Buonaparte, viii. 132;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the French driven from, 165, 166</li>
+
+<li><i>Eikon Basilike</i>, vi. 72</li>
+
+<li>Elba, Napoleon at, viii. 205</li>
+
+<li>Eleanor of Castille, wife of Edward I., ii. 93</li>
+
+<li>Eleanor of Poitou, wife of Henry II., i. 226;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her claims on Toulouse, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">turns against Henry, 254;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">imprisoned, 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins Richard in Sicily, 260;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">secures Aquitaine for John, 268;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieged at Mirebeau, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 270</li>
+
+<li>Eleanor of Provence, wife of Henry III., ii. 32, 69, 72, 74</li>
+
+<li>Eleanor, daughter of King John, ii. 36</li>
+
+<li>Eliot, John, v. 195, 248, 249;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks Buckingham, 249-252;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sent to the Tower, 253;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">released, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposes a Remonstrance, 262;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">share in the Avowal, 268;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 273</li>
+
+<li>Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII., iv. 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her classical scholarship, iii. 212;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Thomas Seymour's attempt to marry her, iv. 56;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sent to the Tower, 85, 136;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament refuses to oust her from the succession, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her person, 134;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">scholarship, <i>ib.</i>, 135;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Mary, 136;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Philip's policy towards, 137, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">set free, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">accession, 146;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">religious policy, 148-150, 152, 153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">coronation, 153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to marry Philip, 154;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Paul IV., 155, 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her title acknowledged by Parliament, 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restores the Prayer-Book, 158, 159;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">drops the title "Head of the Church," 160;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with the clergy, 161, 162;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Parker, 165, 166;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with the Scotch Lords of the Congregation, 170, 172-175;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Mary and Francis, 176;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character, 177-181;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">statesmanship, 182-186;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports the Huguenots, 189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">temporises with Pius IV., 192;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to send envoys to Trent, 193, 194;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">schemes for her marriage, 193, 195, 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses a safe-conduct to Mary Stuart, 200;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">difficulties with Mary, 202-204;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with the Huguenots, 209, 210;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with France, 219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her changes in the system of the monarchy, 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy in Ireland, 240;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">drift of her religious policy, 247, 248;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">difficulties with Mary and Alva, 257, 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demands Mary's release, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to recognize Murray's government, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">renews marriage negotiations with Austria, 260;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiates for Mary's restoration, 262;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her temporizing policy, 264;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">bull of deposition against her, 265, 270;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her relations with England, 274, 275, 287-289;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">checks the "liberty of prophesying," 290;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Parliament, 292, 293; v. 56-58;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists Puritan pressure, iv. 293, 294;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">scheme for her marriage with Henry of Anjou, 297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expels the "water-beggars," 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards the Netherlands, 300;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">persecutes the Catholics, 308, 309;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with the Netherlands, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">scheme for her marriage with Francis of Anjou, 313, 316, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-238" id="Page_8-238"></a><a href="./images/238.png">8-238</a>]</span>337, 338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with the Catholics, 319, 320;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Drake, 334;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">confers new powers on the Ecclesiastical Commission, 340;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses Protectorate of the Netherlands, 349;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">sends them aid, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with James VI., 350;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plots against her, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">signs the death-warrant of Mary Stuart, 352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her victory over party disunion, 364, 365;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sends an expedition to Portugal, 367;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">help to Henry IV., 371;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league with France and the Netherlands, v. 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her loneliness, 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">waning popularity, 64, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">last days, 65, 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">materials for her history, iv. 3-5</li>
+
+<li>Elizabeth, Czarina of Russia, vii. 246, 306</li>
+
+<li>Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV., iii. 133, 167, 168, 170, 171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Henry VII., 175</li>
+
+<li>Elizabeth, daughter of James I., v. 210</li>
+
+<li>Elizabeth Woodville. <i>See</i> <a href="#Woodville">Woodville</a></li>
+
+<li>Elizabeth of France, wife of Philip II. of Spain, iv. 372</li>
+
+<li>Ellandun, battle of, i. 102</li>
+
+<li>Elliott, General, viii. 31, 41</li>
+
+<li>Elmet conquered by Eadwine, i. 63</li>
+
+<li>Elmham's <i>Life of Henry V.</i>, ii. 179</li>
+
+<li>Ely</li>
+  <li class="subitem">burnt by northmen, i. 104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Cnut at, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the &AElig;theling &AElig;lfred blinded at, 148;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders to William, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seized by the Disinherited, ii. 88</li>
+
+<li>Emma of Normandy, wife of &AElig;thelred II., i. 141, 156</li>
+
+<li>"Emperor's men," the, i. 303</li>
+
+<li>Empson, Sir Richard, iii. 199</li>
+
+<li>Engla-land, i. 138</li>
+
+<li>England, Old, i. 9</li>
+
+<li><a name="England" id="England"></a>England,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character of its settlement, i. 44-48;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">work of the northmen in, 129;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first use of the name, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its peace under Cnut, 146;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prosperity under Eadward and Harold, 153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects of foreign rule on, 176-178, 278;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fusion of Normans and English in, 200, 281;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invaded by Robert of Normandy, 200, 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">civil war in, 219, 220;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">anarchy in, 220, 221;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revival of national feeling in, 280, 281;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Norman immigration to, 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects of loss of Normandy on, 325, 326;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Interdict, 330, 331;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Friars arrive in, ii. 11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Proven&ccedil;als and Poitevins in, under Henry III. 32, 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">early finance, 103;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the Papacy, 26-28, 218, 219, 221-223, 225, 273-275, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">social changes after the Black Death, 254, 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">social strife in, 266-268, 289, 316, 317;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sufferings under Edward III., 290, 291;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">constitutional, its beginnings, 100;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its freedom established, iii. 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">moral and intellectual decay during Wars of the Roses, 97, 98, 115;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">social condition in fifteenth century, 104-107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">agricultural changes in, 107, 108;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">evictions and enclosures in, 109, 110;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">definition of its foreign policy, 128;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">intellectual progress under Edward IV., 153, 154;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the New Learning in, 191-196, 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the Papacy under Henry VIII., 288, 289, 299, 300, 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejects Papal jurisdiction, 305;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">foreign Protestants in, iv. 51, 58, 59, 305;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under Somerset, 54, 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">religious disorder in, 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under Northumberland, 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">religious changes in, under Mary, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Rome, 88, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects of the Reformation on, 121, 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude in Mary's later years, 134, 138, 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition at her death, 146, 147;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">religious chaos under Elizabeth, 162-165;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">becomes Protestant, 166, 167, 247, 248;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its importance to the Papacy, 253, 254;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">parties in, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">social condition under Elizabeth, 274-277, 283-287;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">religious condition, 289-291, 302-305;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">volunteers from, in the Netherlands, 324;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">unites against the Armada, 358;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effect on, of the fight with Spain, 364;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its maritime warfare with Spain, 370, 371;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">intellectual developement under Elizabeth, v. 1-11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition at her death, 75, 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of wealth and social advance, 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rise of the squires, 78;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of national spirit in, <i>ib.</i>, 79;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of the religious spirit in, 81;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">foreign rule of the Stuarts in, 148, 149;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">James I.'s proposal for its union with Scotland, 154;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">change in its attitude towards the crown, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-239" id="Page_8-239"></a><a href="./images/239.png">8-239</a>]</span>171, 172, 183, 184;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under Charles I., 280-282, 315, 316;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">declared a Commonwealth, vi. 68, 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">scheme of union with Holland, 81;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with Scotland, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with Ireland, 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with Holland, <i>ib.</i>, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under Cromwell and the major-generals, 106-108;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">progress of the Puritan ideal in, 125-128;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">scientific movement in, 131-133;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Latitudinarians in, 133-137;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">modern, its beginnings, 160-161;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">intellectual progress after the Restoration, 163-171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">union with Scotland and Ireland dissolved, 180;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Restoration settlement of, 196-198;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with the Dutch, 223, 224;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with Holland, 225-226, 238, 239, 261;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards Lewis XIV., 228;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its diplomacy under Charles II., 247, 248;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">declares war against Lewis XIV., vii. 49;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Holland, 102, 104, 105;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Union with Scotland, 127, 128;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its European position after the Revolution, 147, 148;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its European policy, 149-151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its intellectual influence, 151-153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character of political controversy in, 161;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">strength and weakness of public opinion in, 162-164;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">social condition under the Georges, 170, 171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with France and Holland, 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under Walpole, 195-198;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with France and Prussia, 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with Spain for trade in America, 216, 217;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">declares war, 218;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">intercourse with India, 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with America, 240, 241, 243, 244;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Frederick II., 247, 248;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with France, 248, 249, 264;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">becomes a world-power, 274-277;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">annexations in the Pacific, 278, 279;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its empire, 279;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with America after the Seven Years' War, 280-283;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">results of the Revolution in, 286, 287;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">intellectual advance in the eighteenth century, 292, 293;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with Spain, 306;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquests in the West Indies, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its gains by the treaty of Paris, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English and American theories of its relation to America, 321-325;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growing influence of public opinion in, viii. 1, 2, 10, 11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with America, 22-26, 32, 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Ireland, 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position after the American war, 45;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">religious movement in, 46, 47;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">industrial progress, 53-60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growing influence of the trading class in, 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its condition as compared to the rest of Europe, 80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Prussia and Holland, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards the French Revolution, 87, 88, 93-95;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">panic in, 103-106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with France, 108, 109;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its colonial acquisitions in 1795, 112;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition during the French war, 114;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its dogged temper, 115, 116;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects of the war on its industry and trade, 157, 158;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">League of Neutrals against her, 159, 160;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">declares war against Buonaparte, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects of the Continental System on its industry and trade, 177;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition during the French war, 192-195;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with America, 198, 203-205;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">last strife with Napoleon, 207-211.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#English_people">English People</a></li>
+
+<li>Engle, the,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their early home, i. 9, 10;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settle in East Anglia and the north, 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquer Bernicia, 52.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#English_people">English</a>, <a href="#Mercians">Mercians</a>, <a href="#South_Engle">South-Engle</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="English_people" id="English_people"></a>English people,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their life in Old England, i. 10-22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">religion, 22-24;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">temper, 24-26;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">love of the sea, 27;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character of their conquests, 39-44;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of their settlement, 44-48;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">changes in organization after the conquest, 48-52;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tendencies towards unity, 53-55, 61, 83, 130;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">union under Ecgberht, 103;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fusion of northmen with, 126, 127;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects of struggle with the northmen on, 129, 130;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tendencies towards disintegration, 133, 134;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects of foreign rule on, 176-178;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fusion of Normans with, 200, 281;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">support William Rufus, 191, 192;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">support Henry I., 201, 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revival of national feeling, 280, 281;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude under George III., vii. 312-314;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new life in America, viii. 43, 44.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#England">England</a></li>
+
+<li>Episcopacy</li>
+  <li class="subitem">abolished in Scotland, v. 140;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored, 143, 166, 167;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">again abolished, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposal to abolish it in England, 354</li>
+
+<li>Erasmus, Desiderius, iii. 193, 194;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-240" id="Page_8-240"></a><a href="./images/240.png">8-240</a>]</span>his relations with Warham, 196, 212;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">teaches Greek at Cambridge, 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protests against war, 211;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Praise of Folly</i>, 199, 219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">edition of St. Jerome, 212, 213;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the New Testament, 213, 215;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his theology, 214;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defends the New Learning against Luther, 256</li>
+
+<li>Eric, king of Sweden, i. 128</li>
+
+<li>Essayists, the English, vii. 158-160</li>
+
+<li>Essex</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settled by the East Saxons, i. 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Wulfhere, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">peasant revolt in, ii. 321;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestantism in, under Mary, iv. 144;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">royalist rising in, vi. 59</li>
+
+<li>Essex, Arthur Capel, first earl of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">commissioner of the Treasury, vi. 301;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Shaftesbury and the Exclusion, 315, 319;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plots with Monmouth, etc., 336;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 337</li>
+
+<li>Essex, Robert Devereux, second earl of, v. 43, 62, 63</li>
+
+<li>Essex, Robert Devereux, third earl of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Frances Howard, v. 190;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">divorced, 191;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists a forced loan, 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captain-general of the Parliamentary army, vi. 1;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">movements in 1642, 2, 3;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captures Reading, 5;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his inactivity, 6, 8-10;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">retires to Uxbridge, 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relieves Gloucester, 13, 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">movements in 1644, 19, 22, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">retires, 35</li>
+
+<li>Essex, Earls of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Fitz_Peter">Fitz-Peter</a>, <a href="#Mandeville">Mandeville</a></li>
+
+<li>Essex, Frances, Countess of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Howard">Howard</a></li>
+
+<li>Estates of the realm, various groupings of, in Parliament, ii. 202, 203</li>
+
+<li>Etherege, Sir George, vi. 157</li>
+
+<li>Eugene of Savoy, Prince, vii. 118, 120, 121, 131, 134</li>
+
+<li>Euphuism, v. 5</li>
+
+<li>Eustace, Count of Boulogne, i. 152, 167</li>
+
+<li>Eustace, son of King Stephen, i. 226, 227</li>
+
+<li>Eustace the Monk, ii. 2</li>
+
+<li>Eva, daughter of Dermod of Leinster, i. 252</li>
+
+<li>Evelyn's <i>Diary</i>, vi. 157</li>
+
+<li>Evesham</li>
+  <li class="subitem">founded, i. 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle of, ii. 77, 78</li>
+
+<li>Evreux, Charles of, ii. 315</li>
+
+<li>Exchange, the Royal, founded, iv. 280</li>
+
+<li>Exchequer, Court of, i. 206; ii. 109;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Richard Fitz-Neal's <i>Dialogue</i> on, i. 174, 244;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">closed, vi. 261</li>
+
+<li>Excise,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Walpole's scheme of, vii. 195, 201, 202;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">revived by Pitt, viii. 77</li>
+
+<li>Exeter,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">northmen at, i. 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Welsh driven from, 120;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">subdued by William I., 167, 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tailors' gild at, 318;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">William of Orange received at, vii. 40</li>
+
+<li>Exeter, Henry Holland, duke of, iii. 140, 142</li>
+
+<li>Exeter, John Holland, duke of (Earl of Huntingdon), iii. 7, 8</li>
+
+<li>Exeter, Edward Courtenay, marquis of, iii. 322, 348, 350</li>
+
+<li>Exton, Sir Piers, iii. 8</li>
+
+<li>Exclusion Bill, the, vi. 307, 308, 319, 320</li>
+
+<li>Eylau, battle of, viii. 175</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Fabyan's <i>Chronicle</i>, ii. 179</li>
+
+<li>Fairfax, Edward, his version of Tasso, v. 2</li>
+
+<li>Fairfax, Ferdinando, second Lord, vi. 4</li>
+
+<li>Fairfax, Sir Thomas,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his victory at Nantwich, vi. 18;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">commander-in-chief of the New Model army, 35, 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Naseby, 40, 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in the west, 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marches on Oxford, 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">suppresses royalist rising in Kent, 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Colchester surrenders to, 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marches on London, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">suppresses mutiny, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">superseded by Cromwell, 79;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins Monk, 151</li>
+
+<li>Falaise,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">birthplace of William the Conqueror, i. 157;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty of, ii. 140;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reduced by Henry V., iii. 33</li>
+
+<li>Falconberg, William Neville, Lord, iii. 113</li>
+
+<li>Falkirk, battles of, ii. 168, 169; vii. 229</li>
+
+<li>Falkland, Lucius Cary, second viscount,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his plans of Church reform, v. 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">abandons Strafford's impeachment, 356;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his political position, 368;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">becomes Charles's minister, 375;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins Charles at York, 378;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, vi. 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">influence on religious thought, 133</li>
+
+<li>Family Compact, the, vii. 215</li>
+
+<li>"Farm" of a borough, ii. 152</li>
+
+<li>Farmer, Anthony, vii. 25</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-241" id="Page_8-241"></a><a href="./images/241.png">8-241</a>]</span>Farmers, rise of, ii. 240</li>
+
+<li>Farne, islet of, i. 71</li>
+
+<li>Fastolfe, Sir John, iii. 46, 162</li>
+
+<li>Fawkes, Guido, v. 158, 159</li>
+
+<li>Feckenham, Abbot of Westminster, iv. 106</li>
+
+<li>Felton, John, v. 264, 265</li>
+
+<li>Ferdinand (I.), Archduke of Austria, iii. 208, 243; iv. 19;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Emperor, 98; v. 174, 175</li>
+
+<li>Ferdinand (II.), Archduke of Austria, v. 213;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king of Bohemia, 216;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Emperor, 217</li>
+
+<li>Ferdinand V., king of Aragon, iii. 186, 187, 207;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forms the Holy League, 209;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seizes Navarre, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 234</li>
+
+<li>Ferdinand VII., king of Spain, viii. 185</li>
+
+<li>Ferrar, Bishop of St. David's, iv. 91</li>
+
+<li><a name="Ferrars" id="Ferrars"></a>Ferrars, Robert, fourth earl of Derby, i. 254</li>
+
+<li>Ferrars, Robert, eighth earl of Derby, ii. 87</li>
+
+<li>Feudalism,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tendency to, in England after Danish wars, i. 133, 135, 136;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Conqueror's dealings with, 181-185;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">antagonism of the universities to, 289-291;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revives under Henry III., ii. 4, 5;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its military basis, 239;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ruin, iii. 92-94</li>
+
+<li>Fielding, Henry, vii. 297</li>
+
+<li>Fifth-monarchy men, vi. 182</li>
+
+<li>Filmer, Sir Robert, vi. 171</li>
+
+<li>Finance,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">early English, ii. 103;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">William I.'s system of, i. 186</li>
+
+<li>Finch, Sir John,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Chief-Justice, v. 331;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Keeper, 351</li>
+
+<li>First of June, battle of the, viii. 111</li>
+
+<li>Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, iii. 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his reply to Luther, 257:</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with the Commons, 290;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sent to the Tower, 319;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">beheaded, 321</li>
+
+<li>Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, viii. 121, 128</li>
+
+<li>Fitzgerald, Lord Thomas, iii. 328</li>
+
+<li>Fitz-Hamo, Robert, ii. 48</li>
+
+<li>Fitzharris, Edward, vi. 323</li>
+
+<li>Fitz-Maurices, the, Earls of Desmond, ii. 377</li>
+
+<li>Fitz-Maurice, James, iv. 315</li>
+
+<li><a name="FitzNeal" id="FitzNeal"></a>Fitz-Neal, Richard, bishop of London and treasurer, i. 174, 223;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Dialogue on the Exchequer</i>, 174, 244</li>
+
+<li>Fitz-Osbern, Roger, i. 189</li>
+
+<li>Fitz-Osbern, William, i. 167, 168, 183</li>
+
+<li><a name="Fitz_Peter" id="Fitz_Peter"></a>Fitz-Peter, Geoffry, Earl of Essex and justiciar, i. 267, 338, 339, 341</li>
+
+<li>Fitz-Ralf, Richard, Chancellor of Oxford, ii. 295</li>
+
+<li>Fitz-Stephen, Robert, i. 252</li>
+
+<li>Fitz-Urse, Reginald, i. 241</li>
+
+<li>Fitz-Walter, Robert,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captain of the Londoners, i. 305;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conspires against John, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">leader of the barons, 343;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"Marshal of the Army of God and Holy Church," 346;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">counsels alliance with France, 355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieges Lincoln, ii. 2</li>
+
+<li>Fitz-Warenne or Fitz-Warin, Fulk (the third), i. 343; ii. 42</li>
+
+<li>Fitz-Warenne, Fulk (the fifth), ii. 116</li>
+
+<li>Fitzwilliam, William, fourth Earl, viii. 104, 120</li>
+
+<li>Five Boroughs, the, i. 117, 120</li>
+
+<li>"Five members," the, v. 373-376</li>
+
+<li>Flambard, Ranulf, i. 192, 199.</li>
+
+<li>Flamsteed, John, vi. 166</li>
+
+<li>Flanders,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its wool trade with England, ii. 107, 226;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">interdict in, 219, 224;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Edward III., 226, 227;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">civil strife in, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins Edward again, 244;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with France, 349;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English gild of Merchant Adventurers in, iii. 155;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">decay of its trade, iv. 281;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refugees from, in England, 305, 323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by France, vi. 124</li>
+
+<li>Flanders, Lewis le M&acirc;le, Count of, ii. 244, 286</li>
+
+<li>Flanders, Margaret of, ii. 286</li>
+
+<li><a name="Fleet" id="Fleet"></a>Fleet, English,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">created by &AElig;lfred, i. 116;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">successes under John, 333, 337;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Hubert de Burgh, ii. 2, 3;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">repulsed from Abermenai, 54;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reduces Anglesea, 109;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Sluys, 228;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated by Spaniards, 313;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">harries the coast of Britanny, iii. 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry VIII.'s, iv. 28, 29;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Elizabeth's, 360;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its fight with the Armada, 361, 362;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">declares for Charles I., vi. 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">re-created by Vane, 78;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">increased under William III., vii. 105, 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">blockades Cadiz and threatens Naples, 223;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its share in the war with France, viii. 111, 127, 133;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">blockades <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-242" id="Page_8-242"></a><a href="./images/242.png">8-242</a>]</span>Malta, 162, 165;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks Copenhagen, 163, 180</li>
+
+<li>Fleetwood, General, vi. 121, 145, 150</li>
+
+<li>Flemings</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Pembrokeshire, ii. 48, 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settle in England under Edward III., 226;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besiege Bouvines, 234;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attack France, 244</li>
+
+<li>Fletcher, Giles, v. 304</li>
+
+<li>Fletcher, Phineas, v. 304</li>
+
+<li>Fleurus, battles of, vii. 75; viii. 109</li>
+
+<li>Flint,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Richard II. taken prisoner at, ii. 381;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">castle captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 11</li>
+
+<li>Flodden, battle of, iii. 210</li>
+
+<li>Flood, Henry, viii. 37</li>
+
+<li>Florence,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revival of letters at, iii. 189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">commercial treaty with, iv. 282</li>
+
+<li>Florence of Worcester, i. 6, 173, 280</li>
+
+<li>Florida,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Huguenot colony in, iv. 330;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to England, vii. 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">to Spain, viii. 41</li>
+
+<li>Flushing pledged to Elizabeth, iv. 349</li>
+
+<li>Foliot, Gilbert, his letters, i. 173</li>
+
+<li>Folk, the, i. 19</li>
+
+<li>"Folk-land," i. 47</li>
+
+<li>Folk-moot, the, i. 19, 20.</li>
+
+<li>Fontenoy, battle of, vii. 227</li>
+
+<li>Ford, John, v. 303</li>
+
+<li>Forests,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Assize of the, i. 267;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charter of the, ii. 165, 166, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Law of the, 34;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">commission of, under Charles I., v. 277;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">New, disafforested by Great Charter, i. 352</li>
+
+<li>Forster, Thomas, vii. 184</li>
+
+<li>Fort St. George (Madras), vii. 232</li>
+
+<li>Fort William (Calcutta), vii. 232</li>
+
+<li>Fort William (Inverness-shire), vii. 52</li>
+
+<li>Fortescue, Sir Faithful, vi. 3</li>
+
+<li>Fortescue, Sir John, iii. 86</li>
+
+<li>Fotheringay, Mary Stuart beheaded at, iv. 352</li>
+
+<li>Foug&egrave;res sacked by the English, iii. 62</li>
+
+<li>Fourmigny, battle of, iii. 62</li>
+
+<li><i>Four Masters, Annals of the</i>, i. 7</li>
+
+<li>Fox, Edward, Bishop of Hereford, iii. 336</li>
+
+<li>Fox, Richard, Bishop of Winchester, iii. 202, 216, 230, 285</li>
+
+<li>Fox, Charles James,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">leader of the Whigs, viii. 63, 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his jealousy of Shelburne, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his India Bill, 67, 68;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his joy at the capture of the Bastille, 84;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports the Prince's claim to the Regency, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Libel Act, 92;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Pitt in giving self-government to Canada, 92;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Burke's quarrel with him, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to office, 174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 178</li>
+
+<li>Foxe's <i>Book of Martyrs</i>, iv. 3</li>
+
+<li><a name="France" id="France"></a>France,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war of William the Conqueror with, i. 190;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invaded by Otto of Germany, 338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regency offered to Simon of Montfort, ii. 40;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Scotland, 141, 170, 171, 197, 213;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Edward I., 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">claim of Edward III. to the throne, 208;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward III. declares war with, 213;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">greatness at opening of Hundred Years' War, 215, 216;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the papacy, 217, 224;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition after battle of Poitiers, 264;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ravaged by Edward III., 265;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward III. renounces his claims on, 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">renewal of war with, 285;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invaded by John of Gaunt, 287;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Scotland and Flanders, 349;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">truces with Richard II., 354, 368;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Henry IV., iii. 6;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with the Percies, 12, 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with Owen Glyndwr, 15, 18;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">civil war in, 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the Council of Henry IV., 23, 24;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">truce with, 26;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry V.'s claims on, 28, 29;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">treaty with him, 35, 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">political position at close of Hundred Years' War, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Maximilian and England, 170, 171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of its power, 205, 206;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by English, Germans, and Spaniards, 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Mary Tudor's war with, iv. 108;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Scotland under Mary of Guise, 169-173;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of the Huguenots in, 174, 206-208;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Huguenot rising in, 209;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">massacre of Protestants in, 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">parties in, on death of Henry III., 369;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">re-united under Henry IV., 373;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league with England and the Netherlands, v. 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Holland, 316;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of its power, vi. 113, 114;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Cromwell, 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its growing prosperity, 187-189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-243" id="Page_8-243"></a><a href="./images/243.png">8-243</a>]</span>England and Holland, vii. 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with England and Prussia, 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position after Treaty of Utrecht, 212;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">union with Spain, 213, 214;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">supports her against England, 219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Prussia, 221;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">claims on America and India, 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with England, 248, 249, 264, 265;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">withdraws from India and America, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy in American war, viii. 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league with America and Spain, 30;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Pitt's treaty of commerce with, 79;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition in the eighteenth century, 81, 82;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">volunteers from, in Washington's army, 83;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolution in, <i>ib.</i>, 86, 95, 96, 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards England, 97-100;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by the Coalition, 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">royalty abolished in, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks Holland, 102;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">declares war on England, 103;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reverses in 1793, 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">successes, 109, 110;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Directory in, 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Ireland, 121, 123-125;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks Austria and Italy, 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquers Switzerland, 134, 135;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes Rome, 136;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Russia, <i>ib.</i>, 137;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquers Italy, 139;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">forced to evacuate it, 140;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Consulate in, 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position after the Peace of Lun&eacute;ville, 144, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">driven from Egypt, 165, 166;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invaded by the Allies, 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Bourbons return to, 203;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Napoleon's last struggle in, 206;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">literature of, its influence on Chaucer, ii. 359, 360</li>
+
+<li>Franchise, restriction of, iii. 99-102</li>
+
+<li>Francis of Assisi, St., ii. 9, 12, 13</li>
+
+<li>Francis II., Emperor, viii. 96</li>
+
+<li>Francis I., king of France, iii. 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign in Italy, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaties with Maximilian and Charles, 234;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with Henry VIII., 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">meeting with Henry, 241;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Henry and Charles, 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeats in Italy, 248, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prisoner, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaties with Henry, 266, 270;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">released, 267;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">intrigues with Lutherans and Papacy, iv. 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks Charles, 24;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations with Scotland, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Charles, 32;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with Henry, 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sends explorers to America, 330</li>
+
+<li>Francis (II.), of France,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Mary Stuart, iv. 53, 169;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, 174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaties with Elizabeth and the Scots, 176;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 188</li>
+
+<li>Franciscans (Grey Friars) in England, ii. 11</li>
+
+<li>Frankfort,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English Protestants at, iv. 118, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their "troubles," 127, 128</li>
+
+<li>Franklin, Benjamin,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his plan for the defence of the American colonies, vii. 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sent as their agent to England, 326;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">counsels submission to the Stamp Acts, 330;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Chatham, viii. 20;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">mission to France, 28</li>
+
+<li>Frank-pledge, i. 238, 322</li>
+
+<li>Frederick II., Emperor, i. 293; ii. 7, 27</li>
+
+<li>Frederick III., Emperor, iii. 146, 147</li>
+
+<li>Frederick, Elector Palatine,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Elizabeth of England, v. 210;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king of Bohemia, 217;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">driven out, 220, 226</li>
+
+<li>Frederick II., king of Prussia, vii. 220;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with France, 221;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Chotusitz, 223;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Silesia ceded to, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seizes Prague, 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">driven from Bohemia, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Hohenfriedburg, 227;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with England, 247, 248;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seizes Dresden, 248;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Prague, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Kolin, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victories at Rossbach, Leuthen and Zorndorf, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Hochkirch and Kunersdorf, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Plauen, 264;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign of 1760, 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">share in partition of Poland, viii. 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, <i>ib.</i></li>
+
+<li>Frederick, Prince of Wales, vii. 218</li>
+
+<li>Free Companies, the, ii. 281, 282</li>
+
+<li>Freeholders succeed the villeins, ii. 333</li>
+
+<li>Freeman, the English, i. 11, 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sinks into the villein, 133, 321</li>
+
+<li>Fr&eacute;teval,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry II. and Thomas reconciled at, i. 240;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Richard I. surprises Philip's treasure at, 263</li>
+
+<li>Friars, the, ii. 10-14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Bacon's comment on, 21;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their political influence, 22, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character and effect of their preaching, 24;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attempt conversion of Jews, 127;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">oppose Wyclif, 335</li>
+
+<li>Friedland, battle of, viii. 175</li>
+
+<li>Frisians in &AElig;lfred's fleet, i. 116</li>
+
+<li>"Frith" of Wedmore, i. 107</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-244" id="Page_8-244"></a><a href="./images/244.png">8-244</a>]</span>Frobisher, Martin, iv. 331, 361</li>
+
+<li>Froissart, Jean, ii. 178</li>
+
+<li>Fuentes d'Onore, battle of, viii. 191</li>
+
+<li>Fyrd, the, i. 116, 161, 257; ii. 103, 122, 240</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Gage, General, viii. 19</li>
+
+<li>Gaimar, Geoffrey, i. 174, 247</li>
+
+<li>Gainsborough, Swein dies at, i. 143</li>
+
+<li>Gall, St., i. 68</li>
+
+<li>Gardiner, Stephen, iii. 272, 279;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Bishop of Winchester, 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expelled from the Council, 348;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supersedes Norfolk in the king's counsels, iv. 24;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">excluded from the regency, 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">imprisoned, 54;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Chancellor, 74;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposes Mary's marriage with Courtenay, 78;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his aversion to the Spanish match, 80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards Rome, 87;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tract <i>On True Obedience</i>, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">change in his attitude, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">threat to the Protestant refugees, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">desires "to go roundly to work" with Elizabeth, 137;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 98</li>
+
+<li>Garnet, Henry, Provincial of the Jesuits, v. 159</li>
+
+<li>Garter, Order of the, founded, ii. 252</li>
+
+<li>Gascony,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Simon of Montfort's rule in, ii. 38-40;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seized by Charles IV., 197;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored to Edward III., 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists the hearth-tax, 285;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">barons appeal to France against the Black Prince, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its final loss, iii. 70, 71</li>
+
+<li>Gates, General, viii. 26</li>
+
+<li>Gauden, Dr., vi. 72</li>
+
+<li>Gaunt, Elizabeth, vii. 11</li>
+
+<li>Gaunt, John of. <i>See</i> <a href="#John_of_Gaunt">John</a></li>
+
+<li>Gavel-kind, i. 324</li>
+
+<li>Gaveston, Piers, ii. 186-188, 190</li>
+
+<li>Gay, John, vii. 161</li>
+
+<li>Gemblours, battle of, iv. 312</li>
+
+<li>Geneva, Calvin at, iv. 126</li>
+
+<li>Genoa annexed by Napoleon, viii. 172</li>
+
+<li>Genoese at battle of Cr&eacute;cy, ii. 236, 238</li>
+
+<li>Geoffry, Archbishop of York, i. 330</li>
+
+<li>Geoffry of Britanny, son of Henry II., i. 247, 254, 257</li>
+
+<li>Geoffry of Monmouth, i. 246; ii. 57</li>
+
+<li>George I., King, vii. 146;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his temper, 173;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">foreign policy, 187-189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 200</li>
+
+<li>George, Duke of Cambridge (George II.), vii. 144;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his character, 173;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">King, 200;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his foreign policy, 221, 223, 226, 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Dettingen, 224;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 283</li>
+
+<li>George III., King, vii. 283;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his character and aims, 284, 285;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">importance of his action, 285, 286;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his power, 300;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Pitt, 305, 316, 328, 331, 339;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with the Whigs, 305, 316, 328, 339;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with Parliament, 309;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">urges the expulsion of Wilkes, viii. 6;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">renews the quarrel with America, 13;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his personal government, 16, 17;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his rejoicing at the quarrel with America, 19;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">madness, 84, 196;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses emancipation to Catholics, 154, 155, 179</li>
+
+<li>George, Prince of Wales (George IV.), Regent, viii. 84, 196</li>
+
+<li>Georgia, colony of, vii. 236, 237</li>
+
+<li><a name="Gerald" id="Gerald"></a>Gerald of Wales, i. 174, 245, 246, 275, 285</li>
+
+<li>Germany,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its relations with the Papacy, ii. 218;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of Protestantism in, iv. 31; v. 175;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Catholic reaction in, 176;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by Lewis XIV., vii. 38, 48, 118</li>
+
+<li>Gervase of Canterbury, i. 174</li>
+
+<li><i>Gesta Stephani</i>, i. 173</li>
+
+<li>Gesith, the, i. 50</li>
+
+<li>Gewissas, i. 34</li>
+
+<li>Ghent,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charters confirmed at, ii. 166;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolt at, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">John of Gaunt born at, 293;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reduced by the French, 349;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Pacification of, iv. 310, 311</li>
+
+<li>Gibbon, Edward, viii. 46</li>
+
+<li>Gibraltar</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to England, vii. 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieged by the Spaniards, 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Elliott's defence of, viii. 31, 41</li>
+
+<li>Gifford, Bonaventure, vii. 26</li>
+
+<li>Gilbert, Sir Humphry, iv. 345</li>
+
+<li>Gilbert, William, discovers terrestrial magnetism, vi. 131</li>
+
+<li>Gilbert, William, papal emissary in Ireland, iv. 317</li>
+
+<li>Gildas, i. 3</li>
+
+<li>Gilds, i. 298-300, 304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of English Merchant Adventurers in Flanders, iii. 155;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of St. John at Bruges, 154;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the Staple, ii. 304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of tailors, i. 318;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-245" id="Page_8-245"></a><a href="./images/245.png">8-245</a>]</span>weavers, 317;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Ordinances of, 274;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">suppression of, iv. 54.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Craft_gilds">Craft-gilds</a>, <a href="#Merchant_gild">Merchant-gild</a></li>
+
+<li>Ginkell, General, vii. 73</li>
+
+<li>Giraldus Cambrensis. <i>See</i> <a href="#Gerald">Gerald</a></li>
+
+<li>Girondists, viii. 96</li>
+
+<li>Glamis, Patrick Lyon, Master of, v. 124</li>
+
+<li>Glamorgan</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Robert Fitz-Hamo, ii. 48;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">by Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, 58</li>
+
+<li>Glamorgan, Edward Somerset, Earl of, vi. 16</li>
+
+<li>Glanvill, Ranulf de, i. 255, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his treatise on law, 174, 244</li>
+
+<li>Glastonbury,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">St. Dunstan at, i. 121, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Arthur's tomb at, 247; ii. 57</li>
+
+<li>Glastonbury, Richard Whiting, abbot of, hanged, iii. 350</li>
+
+<li>Glencoe, massacre of, vii. 53, 54</li>
+
+<li>Glendower. <i>See</i> <a href="#Glyndwr">Glyndwr</a></li>
+
+<li>Gloucester,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">northmen at, i. 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry III. crowned at, ii. 1;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seized by Edward, 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieged by Charles I., vi. 13;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">relieved, 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament at, ii. 289, 315</li>
+
+<li>Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of, iii. 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his marriage with Jacqueline, 38, 42;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Regent of England, 40;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">set aside, 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protector, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his love of literature, 40, 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character, 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recovers Hainault, 42;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Beaufort, 44;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">represses Lollard risings, 96;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">retires, 58, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arrest and death, 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his library, 161</li>
+
+<li>Gloucester, Richard, Duke of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Richard_III">Richard</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="Thomas_Gloucester" id="Thomas_Gloucester"></a>Gloucester, Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of, ii. 351, 352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">head of Continual Council, 353;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Richard II., <i>ib.</i>, 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">withdraws from Court, 370;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arrested, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 371</li>
+
+<li>Gloucester, Richard de Clare, Earl of, ii. 64-66</li>
+
+<li>Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare, Earl of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Simon de Montfort, ii. 67, 70, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrels with him, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy after Evesham, 81, 85, 86, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">occupies London, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Johanna of Acre, 123</li>
+
+<li>Gloucester, Robert, Earl of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Robert">Robert</a></li>
+
+<li>Gloucester, Thomas Spenser, Earl of, iii. 7</li>
+
+<li>Godolphin, Sidney, vi. 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes office, vii. 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Treasurer, 112, 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Occasional Conformity, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismissed, 139</li>
+
+<li><a name="Glyndwr" id="Glyndwr"></a>Glyndwr, Owen, iii. 9-12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 22</li>
+
+<li>Godfrey, Sir Edmondsbury, vi. 294, 295</li>
+
+<li>Godwine, Earl of Wessex, i. 146-153</li>
+
+<li>"Goliath, Bishop," i. 248</li>
+
+<li>Gondomar, Count of, v. 226, 229</li>
+
+<li>Goodman, Godfrey, Bishop of Gloucester, v. 298</li>
+
+<li>Goodman, Christopher, iv. 130, 131</li>
+
+<li>Goodrich, Bishop of Ely, iii. 336</li>
+
+<li>Gorm, king of Denmark, i. 128</li>
+
+<li>Government,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Act of, vi. 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Instrument of, 99, 102, 105</li>
+
+<li>Gower, Caxton's edition of, iii. 157</li>
+
+<li>Gowrie, William Ruthven, first Earl of, v. 128, 138</li>
+
+<li>Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, third Duke of, vii. 170, 340; viii. 4, 15</li>
+
+<li>Grafton's <i>Chronicle</i>, iii. 83</li>
+
+<li>Grammont, Count, <i>Memoirs</i> of, vi. 157</li>
+
+<li>Granby, John Manners, Marquis of, viii. 15</li>
+
+<li>Grantmesnil, Ivo of, i. 201</li>
+
+<li><a name="Granville" id="Granville"></a>Granville, John Carteret, second Earl (<i>see</i> <a href="#Carteret">Carteret</a>), vii. 225, 226</li>
+
+<li>Grasse, Admiral de, viii. 40</li>
+
+<li>Grattan, Henry,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demands repeal of Poynings' Act, viii. 37;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">leads the Protestants in the Irish Parliament, 79;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">strives for its reform, 117, 118, 120</li>
+
+<li>Gravelines, battle of, iv. 108</li>
+
+<li>"Greater and lesser folk," i. 318</li>
+
+<li>Greek,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">study of, at Canterbury, i. 92;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revival of, in fifteenth century, iii. 189, 190, 194, 195, 200</li>
+
+<li>Greene, General, viii. 32</li>
+
+<li>Greene, Robert, v. 8, 25, 26, 30, 31</li>
+
+<li>Greenvil, Sir Bevil, vi. 5, 6</li>
+
+<li>Greenway, Oswald, v. 159</li>
+
+<li>Greenwich, &AElig;lfheah martyred at, i. 142</li>
+
+<li>Gregory the Great (Pope),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his interview with English slaves, i. 53;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sends Augustine to England, 57;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Pastoral Book</i> translated by &AElig;lfred, 114</li>
+
+<li>Gregory VII., Pope, i. 187</li>
+
+<li>Gregory IX., Pope, ii. 27</li>
+
+<li>Gregory XIII., Pope, iv. 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">urges Philip to attack Elizabeth, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-246" id="Page_8-246"></a><a href="./images/246.png">8-246</a>]</span>301;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">heads the Catholic movement, 306;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plans a descent on Ireland, 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sends Jesuits to England, 317</li>
+
+<li>Grenada conquered by England, vii. 307</li>
+
+<li>Grenville, William Wyndham, Lord, viii. 155;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">leader of the Old Whigs, 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses office, 171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">accepts it, 174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Orders in Council, 178;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fall of his ministry, 179</li>
+
+<li>Grenville, George,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">adherent of Pitt, vii. 247, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">deserts him, 303, 328;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">head of the Admiralty, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prime minister, 314;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character and policy, 316, 317, 320;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, viii. 16</li>
+
+<li>Grenville, Sir Richard, iv. 370, 371</li>
+
+<li>Gresham, Sir Thomas, iv. 280</li>
+
+<li>Gresham College, meetings of the Royal Society at, vi. 165</li>
+
+<li>Grew, Nehemiah, vi. 167</li>
+
+<li>Grey, John de, Bishop of Norwich, i. 329</li>
+
+<li>Grey of Ruthin, Reginald, third Lord, iii. 10</li>
+
+<li>Grey of Wilton, William, thirteenth Lord, iv. 175</li>
+
+<li>Grey of Wilton, Arthur, fourteenth Lord, v. 12</li>
+
+<li>Grey, Lady Catharine, iv. 70, 238; v. 121</li>
+
+<li>Grey, Lady Jane, iv. 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proclaimed queen, 70;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">imprisoned, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">trial, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">beheaded, 84;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Chronicle of</i>, 3</li>
+
+<li>Grey, Lord Leonard, iii. 330</li>
+
+<li>Grey, Sir John, iii. 124</li>
+
+<li>Grey, Sir Thomas, iii. 30</li>
+
+<li>Grimbald, Abbot of Winchester, i. 113</li>
+
+<li>Grimston, Sir Harbottle, v. 324</li>
+
+<li>Grindal, Edmund,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestant exile, iv. 119, 132;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tutor of Elizabeth, 134;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop of Canterbury, 290; v. 17;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Strype's <i>Life of</i>, iv. 4</li>
+
+<li>Grindecobbe, William, ii. 330, 332</li>
+
+<li>Grocyn, William, iii. 190, 197, 256</li>
+
+<li>Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his letters, i. 274;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Constitutions, ii. 8;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">lectures at Oxford, 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">friendship with Bacon, 18;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">remonstrates against policy of Henry III., 34;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">friendship with Simon de Montfort, 41</li>
+
+<li>Grouchy, Marshal, viii. 208, 210</li>
+
+<li>Gruffydd ap Llewelyn, prince of Wales, ii. 47</li>
+
+<li>Gruffydd ap Conan, prince of North Wales, ii. 54</li>
+
+<li>Guader, Ralf de, i. 189</li>
+
+<li>Gualchmai, ii. 52, 54</li>
+
+<li>Gualo, legate, ii. 1</li>
+
+<li>Guesclin, Bertrand du, ii. 281, 283-287</li>
+
+<li><a name="Guienne" id="Guienne"></a>Guienne</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seized by Philip the Fair, ii. 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored to Edward III., 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Black Prince's ravages in, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by Du Guesclin, 285;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by Armagnac, iii. 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Charles VII., 68, 69.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a></li>
+
+<li>Guineas, the first, vi. 223</li>
+
+<li>Guise, Francis, Duke of, iv. 108, 174, 208, 210, 216</li>
+
+<li>Guise, Henry, Duke of, iv. 355, 356, 367</li>
+
+<li>Guise, Mary of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Mary_of_Guise">Mary</a></li>
+
+<li>Guisnes</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to Edward III., ii. 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">meeting of Henry VIII. and Francis I. at, iii. 241;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrendered to France, iv. 108</li>
+
+<li>Gunpowder, effects of its introduction, iii. 95</li>
+
+<li>Gunpowder Plot, the, v. 158, 159</li>
+
+<li>Gurdon, Sir Adam, ii. 86, 87, 94</li>
+
+<li>Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, v. 275, 276</li>
+
+<li>Guthlac, St., i. 86</li>
+
+<li>Guthrum, king of East Anglia, i. 104, 106</li>
+
+<li>Guy, Bishop of Amiens, i. 6</li>
+
+<li>Gwent, the, i. 34</li>
+
+<li>Gwent (in Wales) rises against Eadward the Elder, i. 118</li>
+
+<li>Gwynn, Nell, vi. 176; vii. 5</li>
+
+<li>Gyrth, son of Godwine, i. 164</li>
+
+<li>Gyrwas, i. 117</li>
+
+<li>Gytha of Hordaland, i. 128</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Hainault, Jacqueline, Countess of, iii. 38, 42, 43</li>
+
+<li>Hainault, William I., Count of, ii. 198, 217</li>
+
+<li>Hainault, William II., Count of, ii. 220</li>
+
+<li>Hakluyt's <i>Voyages</i>, v. 10</li>
+
+<li>Hale, Sir Matthew, vi. 85, 96, 200</li>
+
+<li>Hales, Sir Edward, vii. 15</li>
+
+<li>Hales, John, theologian, vi. 134, 136, 137</li>
+
+<li>Hales, John, leader of Peasant Revolt, ii. 319</li>
+
+<li>Halidon Hill, battle of, ii. 211</li>
+
+<li>Halifax (Nova Scotia), its foundation, vii. 242</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-247" id="Page_8-247"></a><a href="./images/247.png">8-247</a>]</span>Halifax, George Savile, first Viscount, Earl, and Marquis of, vi. 280;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">correspondence with Barillon, 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes office, 301;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">against the exclusion of James, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plans for the succession, 308;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">throws out the Exclusion Bill, 320;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Bill of Securities, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Limitation Bill, 323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">advises calling a new Parliament, 334;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismissed from the Privy Council, vii. 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins William III., 43;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prays him to accept the Crown, 47;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Privy Seal, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes the war and the Bank, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 182</li>
+
+<li>Halifax, George Montague, second Earl of, vii. 242-244</li>
+
+<li>Hall, Joseph, Bishop of Norwich and satirist, v. 303</li>
+
+<li>Halle's <i>Chronicle</i>, iii. 83</li>
+
+<li>Halley, Edmund, vi. 166</li>
+
+<li>Hamilton, James, third Marquis and first Duke of, v. 275, 334-336, 364;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Charles I., vi. 58, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Preston, 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">executed, 72</li>
+
+<li>Hamilton, William, second Duke of, vi. 82, 84</li>
+
+<li>Hamilton, James, of Bothwellhaugh, iv. 271; v. 122</li>
+
+<li>Hamilton, General Gustavus, vii. 58</li>
+
+<li>Hamilton, Colonel, vii. 53</li>
+
+<li>Hammond, Colonel, vi. 59</li>
+
+<li>Hampden, Griffith, v. 320</li>
+
+<li>Hampden, John,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his youth, v. 320;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Parliament of 1621, 321;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists forced loan, <i>ib.</i>, 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Parliament of 1628, 321;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his home, 321, 322;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character, 322;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">friends and kindred, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to pay ship-money, 323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">trial of his case, 324, 330, 331;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">judgement against him annulled, 352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">one of the "five members," 373;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">urges the abolition of Episcopacy, vi. 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">member of Committee of Public Safety, 1;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his "Greencoats," 6, 7;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his services in the war, 6-8;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fight at Chalgrove, 10;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">burial, 12</li>
+
+<li>Hampden, John, the younger, vi. 336</li>
+
+<li>Hampton Court,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Wolsey's palace at, iii. 236, 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty of, iv. 209;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conference on religion at, v. 152</li>
+
+<li>Hanover, convention of, vii. 231</li>
+
+<li>Harald Fairhair, king of Norway, i. 128, 129</li>
+
+<li>Harald Hardrada, king of Denmark, i. 161, 162</li>
+
+<li>Harald Harefoot, king of England, i. 147</li>
+
+<li>Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, first Earl of, vii. 203, 245</li>
+
+<li>Hardyng's <i>Chronicle</i>, ii. 179</li>
+
+<li>Harfleur taken by Henry V., iii. 30</li>
+
+<li>Hargreaves, John, viii. 59</li>
+
+<li><a name="Harley" id="Harley"></a>Harley, Robert, vii. 102;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Secretary of State, 124;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">intrigues against Marlborough, 132;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismissed, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to office, 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rivalry with Bolingbroke, 143;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">countenances the South Sea bubble, 192.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Robert_Oxford">Oxford</a></li>
+
+<li>Harold, son of Godwine, Earl of East Anglia, i. 150;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">governor of the realm under Eadward, 153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign in Wales, <i>ib.</i>, ii. 47;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his oath to William, i. 159;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, 160;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Tostig and Harald Hardrada, 161, 162;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">slain at Senlac, 165</li>
+
+<li>Harrington's version of Ariosto, v. 2</li>
+
+<li>Harrison, General, vi. 90, 91, 195</li>
+
+<li>Harry, Blind, i. 275</li>
+
+<li>Harthacnut, king, i. 147, 148</li>
+
+<li>Harvey, Gabriel, v. 11, 12</li>
+
+<li>Harvey, William, v. 52, 55; vi. 131</li>
+
+<li>Haselrig, Arthur,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">one of the Five Members, v. 373;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">charges against him, vi. 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes the dissolution of the Rump, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Parliament of 1654, 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">denies the legality of the government, 102;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demands the dismissal of Fleetwood and Lambert, 150</li>
+
+<li>Hasting, i. 116, 117</li>
+
+<li>Hastings, battle of, i. 162-165</li>
+
+<li>Hastings, John, second Lord, claimant of Scotland, ii. 136</li>
+
+<li>Hastings (of Ashby), William, first Lord, iii. 163, 164</li>
+
+<li><a name="Hastings" id="Hastings"></a>Hastings, Henry, Lord, iv. 70.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Huntingdon">Huntingdon</a></li>
+
+<li>Hastings, Warren, viii. 31, 50, 51</li>
+
+<li>Havana conquered by England, vii. 307</li>
+
+<li>Havre</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrendered to Elizabeth, iv. 210;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">capitulates to France, 217</li>
+
+<li>Hawarden Castle captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 11</li>
+
+<li>Hawke, Admiral, vii. 265</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-248" id="Page_8-248"></a><a href="./images/248.png">8-248</a>]</span><a name="Hawkesbury" id="Hawkesbury"></a>Hawkesbury, Robert Banks Jenkinson, Lord, viii. 157.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li>
+
+<li>Hawkins, John, iv. 283, 361</li>
+
+<li>Hawley, General, vii. 229</li>
+
+<li>Haxey, Sir Thomas, ii. 370</li>
+
+<li>Hayward's <i>Life of Edward VI.</i>, iv. 3;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Annals</i>, <i>ib.</i>, 4</li>
+
+<li>Heathenism, its struggle with Christianity in England, i. 65, 66, 70-73</li>
+
+<li>Heathfield, battle of the, i. 66</li>
+
+<li>Heaven's Field, battle of, i. 67</li>
+
+<li>Hebrides, Northmen in the, i. 129</li>
+
+<li>Hemingford or Heminburh, Walter of, ii. 177</li>
+
+<li>Hengest, i. 31, 49</li>
+
+<li>Henrietta Maria of France, wife of Charles I., v. 241, 376; vi. 4</li>
+
+<li>Henrietta, Duchess of Orleans, vi. 192, 257</li>
+
+<li>Henry I., King, i. 198;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">charter and marriage, <i>ib.</i>, 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the English people, 198, 200-202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with the barons, 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquers Normandy, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Wales, ii. 48;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his rule, i. 203-205;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">administration, 205, 206;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 214;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">literature at his court, 246;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his charter produced by Langton, 340;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his charter to London, 304;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">to Oxford, 309;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"Laws" of, 339</li>
+
+<li>Henry (II.) Fitz-Empress, i. 226;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">comes to England, 227;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Stephen, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, 228;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">person and character, 229-231;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">results of his rule, 231;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first measures, 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Welsh war, <i>ib.</i>; ii. 53, 54;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">extent of his continental dominions, i. 232, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war of Toulouse, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the barons, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with the Church, 235-237, 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Thomas, 236, 237, 239, 240;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">penance at his shrine, 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">legal reforms, 235-239, 255, 256;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reforms of the King's Court, ii. 110, 111;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">visits Arthur's tomb at Glastonbury, i. 247; ii. 57, 58;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Ireland, i. 250, 251, 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rebellions against him, 254, 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">receives homage of Scotland, i. 255; ii. 134;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reorganizes the fyrd, 257;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolt of his sons, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">introduces taxation of personal property, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">charter to Oxford, 309</li>
+
+<li><a name="Henry_III" id="Henry_III"></a>Henry III., King,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowned, ii. 1;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowned again, 5;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character and policy, 25, 26;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Rome, 26, 27, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaigns in Britanny and Poitou, 29;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with Hubert de Burgh, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">personal government, 31;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage, 32;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">foreign favourites, <i>ib.</i>, 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">misrule, 34;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">confirms Charter, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">second campaign in Poitou, 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrels with Simon of Montfort, 39, 40;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">contributes to Matthew Paris's <i>Chronicle</i>, 44;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to France, 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forbids summoning of Parliament, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">gets the Provisions of Oxford annulled by the Pope, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tries to surprise Simon at Southwark, 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prisoner, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">vengeance after Evesham, 79, 83;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 90</li>
+
+<li><a name="Henry_IV" id="Henry_IV"></a>Henry (IV.), Earl of Derby, son of John of Gaunt, ii. 351;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">one of the Lords Appellant, 353;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position and policy, 369;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Richard II., 370;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Duke of Hereford, 372;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with Norfolk, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">exiled, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns, 373, 379;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captures Richard II. at Flint, 381;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, iii. 2;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Parliament, 3, 4;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with the Church, 4;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with France, 6;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with the lords, 7;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plot against him, 8;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marches against Scotland, 9;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">against Owen Glyndwr, 10, 11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">imprisons James of Scotland, 15, 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">epilepsy, 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with council and Parliament, 23-25;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">vow of crusade, 25;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, <i>ib.</i></li>
+
+<li>Henry (V.), son of Henry of Lancaster, ii. 378;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his campaigns in Wales, iii. 10, 17, 18, 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">person and character, 17, 18;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">friendship with Oldcastle, 20, 27;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy, 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the council, 24, 25;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, 25;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">coronation, 26;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first measures, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">action against Lollards, 27;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">claims French crown, 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plot against him, 30;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes Harfleur, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Agincourt, 30-32;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Burgundy, 32;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquers Normandy, 33, 34;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage and treaty with France, 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">enters Paris, 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captures Dreux, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">repulsed from Orleans, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieges Meaux, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his plans, 37, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-249" id="Page_8-249"></a><a href="./images/249.png">8-249</a>]</span>death, 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Life of</i>, by Titus Livius, iii. 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">authorities for his reign, ii. 179</li>
+
+<li>Henry VI., king, iii. 39;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowned at Paris, 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his court at Rouen, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with York, 68-70;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">idiotcy, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recovers, 72;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prisoner, 74, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">escapes to Scotland, 80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recaptured, 123, 127;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sent to the Tower, 127;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored, 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">imprisoned again, 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">library, 161;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">authorities for his reign, ii. 179, 180</li>
+
+<li><a name="Henry_VII" id="Henry_VII"></a>Henry (VII.) Tudor, iii. 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">early life, 165, 166;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expedition to England, 167;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to France, 171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">lands at Milford Haven, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Bosworth, 172;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">person and character, 173;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">title to the crown, 174, 175;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage, 175;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his government, 176-178;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expedition to France, 179, 180;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Ireland, 181, 182;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with Scotland, 184, 185;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with Spain, 186-188;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">patronage of Caxton, 161;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">chapel at Westminster, 174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 198;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Lives of</i>, 83</li>
+
+<li><a name="Henry_VIII" id="Henry_VIII"></a>Henry (VIII.), son of Henry VII.,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">betrothed to Catharine of Aragon, iii. 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, 198;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">person and tastes, <i>ib.</i>, 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protects the New Learning, 202, 204;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">temper, 204;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy towards France, 205, 207;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Catharine, 207;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Ferdinand, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attempt on France, 209, 210;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Lewis XII., 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with Charles, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Charles, 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Francis, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seeks the Empire, 240;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">designs on France, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">interview with Charles, 241;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Francis, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league with Charles and the Pope, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">financial difficulties, <i>ib.</i>, 244, 251, 252;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new alliance with Charles, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports the Papacy, 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Assertion of the Seven Sacraments</i>, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">named "Defender of the Faith," <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protects Latimer, 263, 265;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaties with France, 266, 270;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins the Holy League, 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seeks a divorce, 268, 272;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Anne Boleyn, 267, 270, 273, 274, 276;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Parliament, 288;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forbids the circulation of Tyndale's Bible, 290;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">appeals to the Universities about his divorce, 292;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">claims to be "Head of the Church," 296;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">banishes Catharine from his house, 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league with France, 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">threatened with excommunication, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Anne Boleyn, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes title of "Supreme Head of the Church," 306;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Cromwell's hold over him, 313, 314;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Jane Seymour, 326;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Ireland, 327, 328, 330-333;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">turns to the Lutherans, 335, 336;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Articles of Religion, 337, 338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards Protestantism, 345;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">excommunicated, 350;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Anne of Cleves, 351;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">divorces Anne and marries Catharine Howard, iv. 17;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Catharine Parr, 24;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Scotland, 25-29;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Charles, 27;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign in France, 30;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Francis, 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">financial difficulties, 34;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">offers aid to the League of Schmalkald, 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">drift of his religious policy, 37;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">address to Parliament in 1545, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his scheme for union of England and Scotland, 52;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 45;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">will, 46, 69</li>
+
+<li>Henry V., Emperor, i. 208</li>
+
+<li>Henry VI., Emperor, i. 262</li>
+
+<li>Henry II., king of France, iv. 53, 65, 174</li>
+
+<li>Henry III., king of France (<i>see</i> <a href="#Henry_Anjou">Anjou</a>), iv. 301, 348, 356, 367, 368</li>
+
+<li>Henry, king of Navarre, iv. 348, 355, 367;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king of France (Henry IV.), 368;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Ivry, 369;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieges Paris, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieges Rouen, 371;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conversion, 372;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">assassinated, v. 178</li>
+
+<li>Henry, son of Henry II.,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">betrothed to Margaret of France, i. 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowned, 240;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rebels, 254, 257;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 257</li>
+
+<li>Henry of Almaine, ii. 87</li>
+
+<li>Henry, Bishop of Winchester, i. 224, 225</li>
+
+<li>Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, i. 264</li>
+
+<li>Henry, son of David I. of Scotland, ii. 134</li>
+
+<li>Henry of Essex, ii. 54</li>
+
+<li>Henry of Trastamara, ii. 282-284, 287</li>
+
+<li><a name="Herbert" id="Herbert"></a>Herbert, Arthur,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">carries the <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-250" id="Page_8-250"></a><a href="./images/250.png">8-250</a>]</span>invitation to William III., vii. 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Earl of Torrington, 68, 75</li>
+
+<li>Herbert, George, v. 113, 303</li>
+
+<li>Herbert, Philip, Lord, vi. 101</li>
+
+<li>Herbert, Sir Thomas, v. 72</li>
+
+<li>Hereford, Humfrey de Bohun, Earl of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Humfrey_Bohun">Bohun</a></li>
+
+<li>Hereford, Henry, Duke of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Henry_IV">Henry IV.</a></li>
+
+<li>Hereward, i. 170</li>
+
+<li>Herford, Nicholas, ii. 336, 339, 341, 343</li>
+
+<li>Herrick, Robert, v. 303</li>
+
+<li>Herrings, battle of the, iii. 46</li>
+
+<li><a name="Hertford" id="Hertford"></a>Hertford, Edward Seymour, Earl of, iv. 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expedition to Scotland, <i>ib.</i>, 29;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">head of the "new men," 45, 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sends aid to the German Protestants, 50.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Edward_Somerset">Somerset</a></li>
+
+<li>Hertford, Edward Seymour, first Earl of, v. 121</li>
+
+<li>Hertfordshire, royalist rising in, vi. 59</li>
+
+<li>Hexham,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle of, iii. 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">chroniclers of, i. 173, 243</li>
+
+<li>Heywood, Thomas, v. 42</li>
+
+<li>Heyworth Moor, meeting of Yorkshire freeholders at, v. 378</li>
+
+<li>Higden, Ralph, ii. 356;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Caxton's edition of, iii. 157</li>
+
+<li>Highlands,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising in, under Montrose, vi. 23;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">under Dundee, vii. 52;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">under Mar, 183;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">under Charles Edward, 228;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquest of, 230, 231</li>
+
+<li>Hild, abbess of Streoneshealh, i. 77</li>
+
+<li>Hilsey, Bishop of Rochester, iii. 336</li>
+
+<li>History, English,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its beginning, i. 31;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">compilation of, under &AElig;lfred, 115;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new school of, under Henry II., 173, 174, 244;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revival under Elizabeth, v. 3, 4;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">municipal, materials for, i. 274</li>
+
+<li>Hoard, the, at Winchester, i. 180, 188</li>
+
+<li>Hobbes, Thomas, vi. 138-141, 170</li>
+
+<li>Hoby, Sir Edward, v. 57</li>
+
+<li>Hoche, General, viii. 121, 123, 124</li>
+
+<li>Hochkirch, battle of, vii. 263</li>
+
+<li>Hohenfriedburg, battle of, vii. 227</li>
+
+<li>Hohenlinden, battle of, viii. 143</li>
+
+<li>Holinshed's <i>History</i>, iii. 83</li>
+
+<li>Holland,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its alliance with France, v. 316;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recognizes Charles II., vi. 70;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the Commonwealth, 81;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with England, 86, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Cromwell, 116;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Charles II., 186, 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with England, 223, 224;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war, 225, 226, 238, 239, 242;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy of Lewis XIV. towards, 251;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with England, 261, 268;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by Lewis, 268;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">declares war against him, vii. 49;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">acknowledges Philip V. as king of Spain, 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with England, 102, 105;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with England and France, 187;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with England and Prussia, viii. 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by France, 102;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered, 110;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">made a kingdom for Louis Buonaparte, 185;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">annexed by Napoleon, 199</li>
+
+<li>Holland, Henry Rich, first Earl of, vi. 62, 72</li>
+
+<li>Hollis, Denzil, v. 373;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">member of Committee of Public Safety, vi. 1;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy in 1646, 48, 49;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ecclesiastical policy, 50;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his expulsion demanded, 54;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes office under Charles II., 301;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Memoirs</i>, v. 72</li>
+
+<li>Holmby House, Charles I. seized at, vi. 53</li>
+
+<li>Holy Island (Lindisfarne), i. 69</li>
+
+<li>Homildon Hill, battle of, iii. 12</li>
+
+<li><i>Homilies, Book of</i>, iv. 59</li>
+
+<li>Honorius III., Pope, ii. 1</li>
+
+<li>Hood, Samuel, first Baron and Viscount, viii. 109</li>
+
+<li>Hooke, Robert, vi. 166</li>
+
+<li>Hooker, Richard, v. 110-112</li>
+
+<li>Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, iv. 61, 91, 120</li>
+
+<li>Hopton, Sir Ralph, vi. 5, 6</li>
+
+<li>Horder (treasurer), the, i. 132</li>
+
+<li>Horne, Robert, iv. 119</li>
+
+<li>Horsa, i. 31</li>
+
+<li>Horse-thegn (constable), i. 132</li>
+
+<li>Hospitals, suppression of, iv. 34</li>
+
+<li>Hotham, Sir John, v. 378</li>
+
+<li>Hough, John, President of Magdalen College, Oxford, vii. 25, 26</li>
+
+<li>Hounslow, camp at, vii. 16</li>
+
+<li>Howard of Effingham, Charles, second Lord, iv. 358, 360, 361</li>
+
+<li>Howard of Escrick, Edward, first Lord, v. 343</li>
+
+<li>Howard of Escrick, William, third Lord, vi. 336</li>
+
+<li>Howard, John, viii. 48-50</li>
+
+<li>Howard, Catharine, iv. 17, 24</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-251" id="Page_8-251"></a><a href="./images/251.png">8-251</a>]</span><a name="Howard" id="Howard"></a>Howard, Frances, Countess of Essex, v. 190-193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Somerset, 193, 205-207</li>
+
+<li>Howard, Sir Robert, iii. 286</li>
+
+<li>Howards, the, iii. 286</li>
+
+<li>Howe, Richard, first Earl, viii. 111</li>
+
+<li>Howe, John, vi. 210;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses the Indulgence, vii. 22</li>
+
+<li>Howe, General Sir William, viii. 23, 25</li>
+
+<li>Howel Dda, Laws of, ii. 46</li>
+
+<li>Howden, Roger of, i. 174, 244</li>
+
+<li>Hrolf the Ganger, i. 154, 155</li>
+
+<li>Hubert Walter, Bishop of Salisbury, i. 262;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop of Canterbury and justiciar, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his administration, 264;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">puts down tumult in London, 320;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns justiciarship, 267;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes John, 328;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 329</li>
+
+<li>Hubertsberg, treaty of, vii. 306</li>
+
+<li>Huddleston, Father John, vii. 4</li>
+
+<li>Hugh, St., Bishop of Lincoln, i. 174, 267</li>
+
+<li>Hugh, St. (martyr), of Lincoln, ii. 127</li>
+
+<li>Hugh the Wolf, Earl of Chester, ii. 47</li>
+
+<li><a name="Huguenots" id="Huguenots"></a>Huguenots, iv. 174-176;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supported by Elizabeth, 189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of their power, 206-208;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising of, 209;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Elizabeth, <i>ib.</i>, 210;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Catharine, 217;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Jarnac, 267;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Montcontour, 268;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">massacre of, 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refugees at Canterbury, 306;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settle in Florida, iv. 330;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">persecuted by Lewis XIV., vi. 317, 335; vii. 13;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fly to England, 14</li>
+
+<li>Hull, Charles I. refused admittance to, v. 378</li>
+
+<li>Humbert, General, viii. 130</li>
+
+<li>Hundred, the, i. 19, 47</li>
+
+<li>Hundred-court, the, i. 20;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">preserved by William I., 185, 186;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">grand jury elected in, 264</li>
+
+<li>Hundred-Rolls, ii. 117</li>
+
+<li>Hundred Years' War,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its beginning, ii. 213;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">change in its character, iii. 29;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its effects, ii. 214, 215; iii. 103, 104</li>
+
+<li>Huntingdon</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reduced by Eadward, i. 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">granted to David of Scotland, ii. 134</li>
+
+<li><a name="Huntingdon" id="Huntingdon"></a>Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, third Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Hastings">Hastings</a>), iv. 268</li>
+
+<li>Huntingdon, John Holland, Earl of (Duke of Exeter), iii. 7, 8</li>
+
+<li>Huntingdon, Henry of, i. 4, 173, 243</li>
+
+<li>Huntly, Alexander Gordon, fourth Earl of, iv. 199, 205</li>
+
+<li>Huntly, George Gordon, fifth Earl of, iv. 226</li>
+
+<li>Huntly, George Gordon, sixth Earl of, v. 139, 140</li>
+
+<li>Huntly, George Gordon, second Marquis of, v. 336, 337</li>
+
+<li>Hus-carls,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Cnut's, i. 144, 146;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Harthacnut's, 148;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Harold's, 163, 164</li>
+
+<li>Huss, John, ii. 349</li>
+
+<li>Hussey, John, Lord, iii. 322, 325</li>
+
+<li>Hutchinson, Colonel, v. 81, 97;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Memoirs of</i>, 72</li>
+
+<li>Hutten, Ulrich von, iii. 256</li>
+
+<li>Hwiccas, i. 66</li>
+
+<li>Hyde, Anne, vi. 221</li>
+
+<li><a name="Hyde" id="Hyde"></a>Hyde, Edward, v. 362;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">organizes the Royalist party in Parliament, 367;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins Charles I. at York, 378;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Chancellor of the Exchequer, vi. 205.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Clarendon">Clarendon</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="Lawrence_Hyde" id="Lawrence_Hyde"></a>Hyde, Lawrence, vi. 315, 334</li>
+
+<li>Hyder Ali, viii. 131</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Iceland colonized by Northmen, i. 129</li>
+
+<li>Ida the Flame-bearer, i. 52</li>
+
+<li>Impositions of James I., v. 160</li>
+
+<li>Income-tax, viii. 137</li>
+
+<li>Independents, v. 308;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">emigrate to America, <i>ib.</i>, 310;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">return, vi. 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their petition to Charles II., 200</li>
+
+<li>India,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">&AElig;lfred's intercourse with, i. 109, 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English settlements in, vii. 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">French attack on, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Portuguese settlements in, 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">French withdraw from, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Warren Hastings' rule in, viii. 31, 32, 50;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Fox's scheme for its government, 67, 68;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Buonaparte's designs on, 131, 132</li>
+
+<li>Indulgence,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first Declaration of, vi. 219, 220;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">second, 262, 273;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">third, vii. 22;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">fourth, 29, 30</li>
+
+<li>Ine, king of Wessex, i. 89, 90</li>
+
+<li>Ingelger of Anjou, i. 209</li>
+
+<li>Innocent III., Pope,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quashes elections to Canterbury, i. 329;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">appoints Stephen Langton, 330;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">lays England under interdict, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sentences John to deposition, 333;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">annuls the Charter, excommunicates the barons, and suspends Langton, 354</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-252" id="Page_8-252"></a><a href="./images/252.png">8-252</a>]</span>Interdict</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in England, i. 330, 331;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Flanders, ii. 219, 224</li>
+
+<li>"Interim," the, iv. 51</li>
+
+<li>Inquisition, the, iv. 31, 101</li>
+
+<li>Inverlochy, battle of, vi. 38</li>
+
+<li>Iona, i. 69</li>
+
+<li>Ireland,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">materials for early history of, i. 7, 8;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its condition after the Danish invasions, 249, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">slave-trade with Bristol, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">bull for conquest of, 251;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Anglo-Norman invasion of, 252;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry II. in, 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Gerald de Barri's treatises on, 245, 285;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">students from, at Oxford, 291;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition after the Norman invasion, ii. 373-375;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">barons of, rise against John, i. 332, 333;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">John in, ii. 375, 376;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Gaveston in, 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward Bruce's expedition to, 376;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under Edward III., 377;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Richard II. in, 367, 378;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry VII.'s dealings with, iii. 181, 182;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under Henry VIII., 326, 327;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquest of, 328-330;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry's government of, 330-333;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects of Cromwell's ecclesiastical policy in, 339-342;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attempts to force the Reformation on, iv. 62, 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under Mary, 109-111;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">trade with Bristol, iv. 282;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under Elizabeth, 314, 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising in, 315, 316;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition after the fall of Smerwick, v. 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising in, under Hugh O'Neill, 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under James I., 287, 288;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Wentworth's rule in, 290-292, 364;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising in, 365;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles I.'s dealings with, vi. 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">success of Ormond's diplomacy in, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Royalist successes in, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Cromwell's campaign in, 76, 77, 79;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposal for its union with England, 84, 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its first representation in the English Parliament, 99;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Cromwell's conquest and settlement of, 109, 110;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first union with England, 110;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">union dissolved, 180;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under Charles II., 181, 182;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">under James II., vii. 17, 55-59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war in, between James and William, 70-72;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">William's conquest of, 73, 74;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with England, viii. 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition in eighteenth century, 34-36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demand for independence, 37, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">made independent, 39;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Pitt's dealings with, 78, 117, 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">peasant risings in, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Hoche's descent on, 124;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">panic in, <i>ib.</i>, 125;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolt in, 129;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">second union with England, 139</li>
+
+<li>Ireton, Henry,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports the Independents, vi. 45;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his influence with the army, 51;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy, 54, 56, 57, 81;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Irish campaign and death, 109;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his corpse outraged, 201</li>
+
+<li>Irishmen, United, viii. 118-120, 127, 128</li>
+
+<li><a name="Iron" id="Iron"></a>Iron,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">manufactures of, iv. 279;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">mines, i. 30; ii. 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">trade in eighteenth century, viii. 54, 57</li>
+
+<li>Isabel I., queen of Castille, iii. 186, 187</li>
+
+<li>Isabella of Angoul&ecirc;me, wife of King John, ii. 33</li>
+
+<li>Isabella of France, wife of Edward II., ii. 186, 197, 198, 207, 208</li>
+
+<li>Isabella of France, wife of Richard II., ii. 368</li>
+
+<li>Isabella, daughter of Philip II. of Spain, iv. 372; v. 121</li>
+
+<li>Islip, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 290</li>
+
+<li>Italy,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Renascence in, iii. 189, 190;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">northern, conquered by Charles VIII. of France, 206;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">by Francis I., 233;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">by Buonaparte, viii. 122, 123, 125</li>
+
+<li><i>Itinerarium Cambri&aelig;</i>, i. 274</li>
+
+<li><i>Itinerarium Regis Ricardi</i>, i. 174</li>
+
+<li>Ivar the Boneless, i. 104</li>
+
+<li>Ivry, battle of, iv. 369</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>"Jack the Carter," ii. 318</li>
+
+<li>"Jack the Miller," ii. 318</li>
+
+<li>"Jack Trewman," ii. 318</li>
+
+<li>Jackson, General, viii. 205</li>
+
+<li>Jacobins, viii. 96</li>
+
+<li>Jacobites, vii. 68;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their plots, 102, 103, 105;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the Tories, 166-168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rise in 1715, 183, 184;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">in 1745, 228-230</li>
+
+<li>Jacquerie, the, ii. 265</li>
+
+<li>Jamaica conquered by the English, vi. 117</li>
+
+<li>James (I.), son of Robert III. of Scotland, iii. 15;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prisoner in England, 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, <i>ib.</i>, 183;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">murdered, 184</li>
+
+<li>James IV., king of Scots, iii. 184, 185, 210</li>
+
+<li>James V., king of Scots, iii. 248; iv. 23, 25, 26</li>
+
+<li>James (VI.) of Scotland,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">born, iv. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-253" id="Page_8-253"></a><a href="./images/253.png">8-253</a>]</span>231;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowned, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Lennox and the Guises, 346;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Elizabeth, 350;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Essex and Robert Cecil, v. 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king of England, 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his early life, 122-124;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character and purpose, 124, 125;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the nobles, 128;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with the Kirk, 133, 134, 139-143;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Basilikon D&ocirc;ron</i>, 143;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">enters London, 146;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">person and character, 146-148;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy, 144, 149, 150;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">gives relief to the Catholics, 150;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses Puritan demands, 152, 153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposes union with Scotland, 154;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes title of King of Great Britain, 155;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his impositions, 160, 161;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the Assembly and the Kirk, 164-166;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with English law, 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>True Law of Free Monarchy</i>, 169;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his theory of monarchy, <i>ib.</i>, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">financial straits, 172;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Parliament, 179-182;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his own minister, 185, 186;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sets aside the council, 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his favourites, 188, 189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">backs the divorce of Lady Essex, 190, 191, 193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">immorality of his court, 193, 194;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">summons Parliament, 195;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">dissolves it, 196;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revives benevolences, 197, 198, 229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">checks the growth of London, 198, 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">increases the peerage, 200;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the judges, 201, 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismisses Coke, 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy towards Spain, 211, 212;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">towards Germany and Bohemia, 218, 219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revives monopolies, 222;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with Parliament, 228, 229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tears its Protestation, 229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">overborne by Buckingham, 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 239;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">letters of, iv. 4;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">authorities for his reign, v. 71</li>
+
+<li>James, duke of York (King James II.), vi. 182;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Admiral, 193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Anne Hyde, 221;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fight with Opdam off Lowestoft, 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conversion, 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fight with De Ruyter, 268;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">owns himself a Catholic and resigns his office, 274;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">second marriage, 278;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">exempted from the act excluding Catholics from Parliament, 297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sent to Brussels, 300;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plans for excluding him from the succession, 306;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recalled, 310;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to Scotland, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">again recalled, 315, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, vii. 5;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his character, <i>ib.</i>, 6;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first measures, 6, 7;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">increases the army, 11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with France, 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to let William visit England, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with the Catholics and the Parliament, 14, 15;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with the judges, 15;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">establishes a camp at Hounslow, 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restores the High Commission, 18;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the Tory nobles, 19-21;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">issues Declarations of Indulgence, 22, 29;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attempts to pack Parliament, 23, 29;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with the Universities, 24-26;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with William of Orange, 26-28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the seven bishops, 30, 31;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reinforces his army with Irish troops, 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sides with Lewis against the Empire and Holland, 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reverses his policy, 39;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">flight, 42-44;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">received as king by Lewis, 49;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy in Ireland, 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">lands at Kinsale, 56;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his rule at Dublin, 58, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to France, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his plans, 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Autobiography</i>, vi. 157, 158</li>
+
+<li>James, William, ii. 340</li>
+
+<li>Jamestown, foundation of, v. 308</li>
+
+<li>Jarnac, battle of, iv. 267</li>
+
+<li>Jarrow, i. 91, 92;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plundered by northmen, 101</li>
+
+<li><a name="Jeanne" id="Jeanne"></a>Jeanne d'Arc, iii. 46-55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Proc&egrave;s de</i>, ii. 179</li>
+
+<li>Jeffreys, George, Chief-Justice, vii. 10, 19;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Chancellor, 31</li>
+
+<li>Jehan le Bel, ii. 178</li>
+
+<li>Jemappes, battle of, viii. 101</li>
+
+<li>Jena, battle of, viii. 174</li>
+
+<li>Jenkins's ear, vii. 217</li>
+
+<li>Jenkinson, Charles (first earl of Liverpool), vii. 311</li>
+
+<li>Jenkinson's Travels, v. 9</li>
+
+<li>Jersey, Charles II. in, vi. 78</li>
+
+<li>Jerusalem,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">&AElig;lfred's intercourse with, i. 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">taken by Saladin, 257</li>
+
+<li>Jervis, Admiral, viii. 127</li>
+
+<li>Jesuits,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Order of, founded, iv. 31, 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">missionaries in England, 317-320, 353;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">banished, v. 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">return, vii. 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in England, materials for their history, iv. 5</li>
+
+<li>Jewel, John, iv. 119, v. 106</li>
+
+<li>Jews in England, i. 187, ii. 125, 130, 284, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expelled, ii. 131;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">return, vi. 112</li>
+
+<li>Joan of Arc. <i>See</i> <a href="#Jeanne">Jeanne</a></li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-254" id="Page_8-254"></a><a href="./images/254.png">8-254</a>]</span>Joan, daughter of Edward II., ii. 206</li>
+
+<li>Joan of Kent, wife of the Black Prince, ii. 293, 306</li>
+
+<li>Jocelin of Brakelond, i. 174</li>
+
+<li>Johanna, daughter of King John, ii. 54</li>
+
+<li>Johanna, daughter of Edward I., ii. 123</li>
+
+<li>John of Beverley, St., i. 77</li>
+
+<li>John, son of Henry II., i. 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord of Ireland, ii. 374;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Longchamp, i. 260, 261;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Hubert Walter, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, 268;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Mirebeau, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">loses his French dominions, 269;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his character, 326-328;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prepares for war with France, 328;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Welsh rise against him, 333;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his continental alliances, <i>ib.</i>, 334;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaigns in Wales, ii. 54, 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the Church, i. 329-331;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the baronage, 332, 338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sentenced by the Pope to deposition, 333;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">becomes the Pope's vassal, 337;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">absolved, 338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Langton, 340, 341;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to France, 342;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeat and return, 343;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the barons, 344-347;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">assents to Great Charter, 348, 353;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">gets it annulled by the Pope, 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes Rochester and marches on the north, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Lewis of France, 355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">divides the Pale into counties, ii. 376;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">charter to Oxford, i. 309;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 356;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his submission to the Pope repudiated by Parliament, ii. 275</li>
+
+<li>John, king of Bohemia, ii. 236, 239</li>
+
+<li>John, duke of Normandy, ii. 234, 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king of France, 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Normandy rises against, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign against the Black Prince, 260, 261;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prisoner, 262, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 281</li>
+
+<li>John of Austria, Don, iv. 310-312</li>
+
+<li>John of Cambridge, prior of St. Edmund's, ii. 329</li>
+
+<li><a name="John_of_Gaunt" id="John_of_Gaunt"></a>John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, ii. 287, 293, 294;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position and policy, 302, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">corrupt administration, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposed by the Good Parliament, 305-307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">action after its dismissal, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks Wykeham, 308;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Wyclif, 309;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">withdraws from court, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expedition to St. Malo, 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">turns against Wyclif, 337, 341;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to Spain, 350;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">intercedes for the Lords Appellant, 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">patron of Chaucer, 359;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Aquitaine granted to, 369;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 373</li>
+
+<li>John the Litster, ii. 325, 331</li>
+
+<li>John of London, pupil of Roger Bacon, ii. 16</li>
+
+<li>John of Northampton, mayor of London, ii. 345, 350</li>
+
+<li>John the Old Saxon, i. 113</li>
+
+<li>John of Salisbury, i. 173, 174, 250, 282, 283, 285</li>
+
+<li>Johnson, Samuel, vii. 204, 217; viii. 11</li>
+
+<li>Jonson, Ben, v. 42</li>
+
+<li>Joseph II., emperor, viii. 81, 85, 86</li>
+
+<li>Journalism, developement of, in the eighteenth century, vii. 298</li>
+
+<li>Juana of Castille, wife of Philip of Austria, iii. 186, 208</li>
+
+<li>Judges,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">limitations of their powers, ii. 110, 111;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">circuits of, i. 207;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">organized by Henry II., 256;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regulated by the Great Charter, 350</li>
+
+<li>Julius II., Pope, iii. 187, 188, 209, 274</li>
+
+<li>Julius III., Pope, iv. 86</li>
+
+<li>Junius, viii. 9</li>
+
+<li>Junto, the, vii. 85</li>
+
+<li>Jurors, two classes of, i. 238;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their functions in the Shire Court, ii. 149</li>
+
+<li>Jury,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">trial by, its origin, i. 238;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Grand, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">mode of its election, 264;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">petty, 239</li>
+
+<li>Justice</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Old England, i. 12, 13, 49;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry II.'s organization of, 256;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">administration of, in towns, 297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">provisions for, in Great Charter, 350, 352</li>
+
+<li>Justices of the Peace, ii. 123</li>
+
+<li>Justiciar, the, i. 206;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">barons claim right of electing, ii. 38, 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">made responsible to Permanent Council, 61</li>
+
+<li>Jutes, the,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their early home, i. 10;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">land in Thanet, 31, 32;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their victories in Kent, 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settlements in Wight and along Southampton Water, 85</li>
+
+<li>Juxon, bishop of London and treasurer, v. 298</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Ken, Thomas, bishop of Bath and Wells, vii. 4</li>
+
+<li>Kenilworth,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the younger Simon <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-255" id="Page_8-255"></a><a href="./images/255.png">8-255</a>]</span>de Montfort defeated at, ii. 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Richard of Cornwall prisoner at, 80:</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its garrison refuse to surrender, 86;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">surrender, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward II. in ward at, 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry VI. at, iii. 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Ban of, ii. 87-89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"Round Table" of, 95</li>
+
+<li>Kent,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquest of, i. 33;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its rise under &AElig;thelberht, 56;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conversion, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Eadwine, 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Ine, 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Mercia, 91, 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolts against Offa, 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">against William I., 167;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">risings in, ii. 319; iii. 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Complaint of the Commons of, iii. 65, 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists benevolences, 251;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestant martyrs in, iv. 96;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">iron manufactures in, 279;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">royalist rising in, vi. 59, 61</li>
+
+<li>Kent, West, kingdom of, i. 83</li>
+
+<li>Kent, Edmund, earl of, son of Edward I., ii. 206, 207</li>
+
+<li>Kent, Joan of, ii. 293, 306</li>
+
+<li>Kent, Thomas Holland, earl of (duke of Surrey), iii. 7, 8</li>
+
+<li>Kent, the Nun of, iii. 319</li>
+
+<li>Kerry, rising in, iv. 315</li>
+
+<li>Ketel of St. Edmund's, i. 313</li>
+
+<li>Kildare, Gerald Fitzgerald, eighth Earl of, iii. 175, 181, 182</li>
+
+<li>Kildare, Gerald Fitzgerald, ninth Earl of, iii. 328</li>
+
+<li>Killiecrankie, battle of, vii. 52</li>
+
+<li>Killigrew, Tom, vi. 175</li>
+
+<li>Kilmarnock, William Boyd, fourth Earl of, vii. 230</li>
+
+<li>Kilsyth, battle of, vi. 41</li>
+
+<li><a name="King" id="King"></a>King, the, i. 48;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">nature and limits of his power, 49, 132;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his "comrades," 50-52;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">increase of his importance through struggle with northmen, 131;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his household officers become officers of state, 132;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with England after loss of Normandy, 326;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his revenue, ii. 103;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Parliament, 181-183;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position at opening of Wars of the Roses, iii. 85, 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Convention's settlement of his position, vi. 197;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Council, i. 256; ii. 110, 111.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li>
+
+<li>King's Bench, court of, ii. 109</li>
+
+<li>King's County, English settlement of, iv. 111</li>
+
+<li>King's Court, the, i. 186;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its organization under Henry I., 206;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Henry II., 255; ii. 110, 111;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regulated by Great Charter, i. 350;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">divided into three tribunals, ii. 109</li>
+
+<li><a name="Kirk" id="Kirk"></a>Kirk, the Scottish,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its organization, v. 131, 132;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the people and the king, 132-136;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its triumph, 140;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new struggle with James, 164-166;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings of Charles I. and Laud with, 326, 328, 330, 331;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">re-established, 335; vii. 54</li>
+
+<li>Kirk o' Field, iv. 244</li>
+
+<li>Knighthood,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">compulsory, under Edward I., ii. 118, 164;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Charles I., v. 277</li>
+
+<li><a name="Knights" id="Knights"></a>Knights,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their complaint against the barons, ii. 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">right of attendance at the Great Council, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of their importance after the Barons' War, 147;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the Crown, <i>ib.</i>, 148;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the shire, summoned to Parliament, 66, 71, 73, 150, 151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">result of their election in county court, 151, 152;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the Lords, 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">grouped together with the burgesses as "the Commons," 203;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">petition for due election of, 300</li>
+
+<li>Knolles's <i>History of the Turks</i>, v. 4</li>
+
+<li>Knollys, Sir Francis, iv. 119, 215</li>
+
+<li>Knox, John, iv. 113-115, 119, 128;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">denounces Mary Tudor, 130;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists Mary Stuart, 201, 212, 218;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">breaks with Murray, 218;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defies Mary, 220;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">calls for her death, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his character and influence, v. 130, 131;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Liturgy, 327;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>History of the Reformation</i>, iv. 4</li>
+
+<li>Knyghton, Henry, ii. 177, 179</li>
+
+<li>Kolin, battle of, vii. 248</li>
+
+<li>Kunersdorf, battle of, vii. 263</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Labour-rents, i. 322, 323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">commutation of, 324;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attempts to revive, ii. 257, 266, 267</li>
+
+<li>Labourdonnais besieges Madras, vii. 233</li>
+
+<li>Labourers,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their position after the Black Death, ii. 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under Richard II., 314;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, iii. 109-111;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Elizabeth, iv. 275, 276</li>
+
+<li>Lacy, Henry de, ii. 188</li>
+
+<li>Lacy, Robert de, i. 201</li>
+
+<li>L&aelig;t, the, i. 14, 15</li>
+
+<li>Lafayette, Marquis de, viii. 83</li>
+
+<li>Lagos, battle off, vii. 273</li>
+
+<li>La Hire, iii. 49</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-256" id="Page_8-256"></a><a href="./images/256.png">8-256</a>]</span>La Hogue, battle of, vii. 78</li>
+
+<li>Lake, Gerard, first viscount, viii. 130</li>
+
+<li>Lambert, General,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his campaign against Hamilton, vi. 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">pursuit of Charles II., 83;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns his command, 121;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Monk, 150, 151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">escape and defeat, 152;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">exempted from pardon, 195</li>
+
+<li>Lambeth,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Harthacnut dies at, i. 148;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty of, ii. 3;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the archbishop's chapel at, its transformations, v. 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Laud's restoration of, 299, 300</li>
+
+<li>Lancashire, reluctance of its boroughs to send members to Parliament, ii. 155</li>
+
+<li>Lancaster, Blanche of, ii. 287</li>
+
+<li>Lancaster, Edmund, Earl of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Edmund_Crouchback">Edmund</a></li>
+
+<li>Lancaster, Henry, Earl of, ii. 199, 203, 206</li>
+
+<li>Lancaster, Henry, first Duke of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Henry_Derby">Derby</a>), ii. 258-260, 266</li>
+
+<li>Lancaster, Henry of (King Henry IV.) <i>See</i> <a href="#Henry_IV"></a></li>
+
+<li>Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of, ii. 188, 191, 193-195</li>
+
+<li>Lancelot, legend of, i. 247</li>
+
+<li>Land-tenure</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Old England, i. 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">after Norman Conquest, 322-324;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward I.'s legislation concerning, ii. 124, 125</li>
+
+<li>Land-tax, i. 186, 207, 350; ii. 103</li>
+
+<li>"Landless man," the, i. 322, 323</li>
+
+<li><i>Lanercost, Chronicle of</i>, i. 273</li>
+
+<li>Lanfranc, abbot of Bec, i. 159;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop of Canterbury, 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowns William II., 191</li>
+
+<li>Langdale, Sir Marmaduke, vi. 40</li>
+
+<li>Langland, William, ii. 178, 179, 269-272</li>
+
+<li>Langport, battle of, vi. 41</li>
+
+<li>Langside, battle of, iv. 261</li>
+
+<li>Langton, Simon, i. 355</li>
+
+<li>Langton, Stephen, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 330;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">comes to England, 338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with John and the Charter, 340, 341;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">suspended, 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to Rome, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns, ii. 3;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Hubert de Burgh, 5;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his care for the Charter, 6;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 26</li>
+
+<li>Langton, Thomas, Bishop of Winchester, iii. 196</li>
+
+<li>Language, English,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its literary revival in thirteenth century, i. 174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects of Norman Conquest on, 278;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry III.'s proclamation in, ii. 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first used in opening Parliament, 300, 356;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ordered to be used in law courts, 356; vii. 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supersedes French, ii. 356, 357;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">changes in, in Caxton's time, iii. 159, 160;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">replaces Latin in church service, iv. 49;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Welsh, ii. 50</li>
+
+<li><a name="Lansdowne" id="Lansdowne"></a>Lansdowne, William Fitzmaurice, first marquis of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Shelburne">Shelburne</a>) viii. 115</li>
+
+<li>Lansdowne Hill, battle of, vi. 6</li>
+
+<li>Lathom House, siege of, vi. 19</li>
+
+<li>Latimer, William Latimer, fourth Lord, ii. 304, 306</li>
+
+<li>Latimer, George Neville, first Lord, iii. 114</li>
+
+<li>Latimer, John Neville, third Lord, iii. 323</li>
+
+<li>Latimer, Hugh, iii. 262-265;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Bishop of Worcester, 336;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">imprisoned, 347;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forced to resign, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">denounces Warwick's government, iv. 57;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sent to the Tower, 74;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">burnt, 92</li>
+
+<li>Latimer, William, iii. 201</li>
+
+<li>Latitudinarians, the, vi. 133-137, 168</li>
+
+<li>Laud, William, Bishop of St. David's, v. 293;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his views and character, 245, 292-294;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Bishop of London, 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop of Canterbury, 295;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with the Puritans, 295-297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revives the Bishops' Courts, 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restores Lambeth Chapel, 299, 300;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revives ritual, 300;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Prynne, 306, 329;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Wentworth, 318;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Scotland, 325-327;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arrested, 351</li>
+
+<li>Lauderdale, John Maitland, second Earl and first Duke of, vi. 181, 245, 259</li>
+
+<li>Lauffeld, battle of, vii. 231</li>
+
+<li>Lauzun, Count of, vii. 71, 72</li>
+
+<li>Law,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">common, ii. 110, 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ecclesiastical, new code of, iv. 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English, Glanvill's treatise on, i. 174, 244;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the Forest, ii. 34;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Roman, revived study of, i. 282;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in England, 283;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">influence of its imperial theories, ii. 95, 96</li>
+
+<li>"Lawmen" of the Five Boroughs, i. 118</li>
+
+<li>Laws,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Old English, two classes of, i. 5;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first put in writing, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of &AElig;thelred, i. 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of David of Scotland, ii. 171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Eadgar, i. 144;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Eadward <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-257" id="Page_8-257"></a><a href="./images/257.png">8-257</a>]</span>the Confessor, 150, 199, 340;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Henry I., 339;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Howel Dda, ii. 46</li>
+
+<li>Layamon, i. 174, 279</li>
+
+<li>League</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Cambray, iii. 206;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Catholic, in Germany, v. 177, 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Holy, iii. 209, 210, 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in France, iv. 348, 355, 356;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Neutrals, viii. 162-164;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Schmalkald, iii. 336; iv. 36, 50;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the Public Weal, iii. 122, 125, 126</li>
+
+<li>Learning,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the New, iii. 194-198, 201, 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its protest against war, 210;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude after Wolsey's fall, 289, 291</li>
+
+<li>Leicester,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders to &AElig;thelfl&aelig;d, 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under its earls, 297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regains right of compurgation, 313-315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">stormed by Charles I., vi. 38</li>
+
+<li>Leicester, Robert de Beaumont, Earl of, i. 254</li>
+
+<li><a name="Leicester" id="Leicester"></a>Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Dudley">Dudley</a>), iv. 205, 349, 357; v. 58, 63</li>
+
+<li>Leighton, John, v. 305</li>
+
+<li>Leinster, kingdom of, i. 251, 252</li>
+
+<li>Leipzig, battle of, viii. 202</li>
+
+<li>Leith</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sacked by the English, iv. 29;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">siege of, 175, 176</li>
+
+<li>Leland, John, v. 4</li>
+
+<li><a name="Lennox" id="Lennox"></a>Lennox, Esm&eacute; Stuart, Duke of, iv. 346; v. 123</li>
+
+<li>Lennox, Matthew Stuart, Earl of, iv. 227, 244; v. 123</li>
+
+<li>Lennox, Margaret, Countess of, iv. 220, 221</li>
+
+<li>Leo X., Pope, iii. 249, 253, 254</li>
+
+<li>Leofa, slayer of Eadmund the Magnificent, i. 123</li>
+
+<li>Leofric, Earl of Mercia, i. 150, 152</li>
+
+<li>Leopold II., Emperor, viii. 95, 96</li>
+
+<li>Leopold V., Duke of Austria, i. 261</li>
+
+<li>Lepanto, battle of, iv. 297</li>
+
+<li><a name="Leslie" id="Leslie"></a>Leslie, Alexander, v. 335, 337.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Leven">Leven</a></li>
+
+<li>Leslie, David, vi. 79, 80, 83, 84</li>
+
+<li>"Lesser barons." <i>See</i> <a href="#Knights">Knights</a></li>
+
+<li>Levant Company, v. 161</li>
+
+<li><a name="Leven" id="Leven"></a>Leven, Alexander Leslie, first Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Leslie">Leslie</a>), vi. 18</li>
+
+<li>Lever, Thomas, iv. 119, 128, 132</li>
+
+<li>Lewes,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle of, ii. 70, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Mise of, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96</li>
+
+<li>Lewis of Bavaria, Emperor, ii. 217-219, 221, 229, 235, 248</li>
+
+<li>Lewis d'Outremer, king of France, i. 210</li>
+
+<li>Lewis VII., king of France, i. 233, 254</li>
+
+<li>Lewis (VIII.) of France,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the English crown offered to, i. 355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">successes in England, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated, ii. 2;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">withdraws, 3</li>
+
+<li>Lewis IX., king of France, ii. 35, 40, 68, 90</li>
+
+<li>Lewis XI., king of France, iii. 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Edward IV., 120, 121;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Burgundy, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Margaret of Anjou, 121;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations with Warwick, 122, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with League of the Public Weal, 126, 127;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">again seeks treaty with Edward, 128;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward's negotiations with, 129;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league against, 130;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks Britanny, 132;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captured and released by Charles, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">stirs Warwick against Edward, 136;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reconciles Warwick and Margaret, 137;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Henry VI., 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Edward, 150;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seized Picardy, Artois, etc., <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with Maximilian, 151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with him, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to recognize Richard III., 169;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, <i>ib.</i></li>
+
+<li><a name="Lewis_XII" id="Lewis_XII"></a>Lewis XII., king of France (<i>see</i> <a href="#Orleans">Orleans</a>), iii. 206, 232</li>
+
+<li>Lewis XIII., king of France, v. 256</li>
+
+<li>Lewis XIV., king of France, vi. 188-189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy, 190, 191;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Charles II., 192;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with England and Holland, 227;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sends his fleet to join the Dutch, 239;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks Flanders, 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his offers to Spain, 249;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with her, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy towards Holland, 251;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaties with Charles, 257, 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks Holland, 268;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position after Peace of Nimeguen, 291, 316;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">persecutes the Huguenots, 317, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new agreement with Charles, 323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seizes Strassburg, Casale, and Luxemburg, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with James II., vii. 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revokes the Edict of Nantes, 13;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with James and Holland, 36, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks Germany, 38, 48;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">receives James II. at St. Germain, 49;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war declared against, by England and Holland, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his fleet, 68;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sends troops to Ireland, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-258" id="Page_8-258"></a><a href="./images/258.png">8-258</a>]</span>71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his successes, 75, 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">turn of his fortune, 79, 80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with William, 90, 91;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seizes the Dutch Barrier, 102;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">acknowledges James's son as king of England, 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks Germany again, 118, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his losses, 131, 134;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">offers terms, 134, 135;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 183, 185</li>
+
+<li>Lewis XV., king of France, vii. 185, 225</li>
+
+<li>Lewis XVI., king of France, viii. 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">summons the States-General, 83;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">a Constitution forced on, 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attempts flight, 95;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">imprisoned, 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">executed, 103</li>
+
+<li>Lewis XVIII., king of France, viii. 206, 211</li>
+
+<li>Lexington, skirmish at, viii. 22</li>
+
+<li>Leyva, Alonzo da, iv. 363</li>
+
+<li><i>Liber Albus</i> of London, i. 274</li>
+
+<li><i>Liber de Antiquis Legibus</i>, i. 274</li>
+
+<li><i>Liber Custumarum</i> of London, i. 274</li>
+
+<li>Lichfield, diocese of, i. 83</li>
+
+<li>Li&eacute;ge taken by Marlborough, vii. 117</li>
+
+<li>Liegnitz, battle of, vii. 302</li>
+
+<li>Ligny, battle of, viii. 207</li>
+
+<li>Lilburne, John, vi. 28, 75, 78</li>
+
+<li>Lille reduced by Marlborough, vii. 134</li>
+
+<li><i>Lillibullero</i>, vii. 33</li>
+
+<li>Lilly, William, iii. 200</li>
+
+<li>Limerick, siege of, vii. 72, 73</li>
+
+<li>Limitation Bill, vi. 323</li>
+
+<li>Limoges</li>
+  <li class="subitem">welcomes Du Guesclin, ii. 285;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">stormed by the Black Prince, 286</li>
+
+<li>Limousin restored to Edward III., ii. 266</li>
+
+<li>Linacre, Thomas, iii. 190, 197, 256</li>
+
+<li>Lincoln,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battles of, 219; ii. 2;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relieved by John, i. 356;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Jews at, ii. 126, 127</li>
+
+<li>Lincolnshire</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrendered to Ecgfrith by Wulfhere, i. 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising in, iii. 323</li>
+
+<li>Lindesay of the Byres, Patrick, sixth Lord, iv. 225, 228, 230</li>
+
+<li>Lindisfarne, i. 69, 79, 87, 97</li>
+
+<li>Lindiswaras, i. 73, 117</li>
+
+<li>Linen manufacture, Irish, its foundation, v. 291</li>
+
+<li>Lisbon, Drake's and Norris's expedition to, iv. 367, 368</li>
+
+<li>Lisle, Alice, vii. 11, 66</li>
+
+<li><a name="Lisle" id="Lisle"></a>Lisle, John Dudley, Lord, iv. 41, 46.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Warwick">Warwick</a></li>
+
+<li>Litany, the English, iv. 40</li>
+
+<li>Literature, English,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its beginnings, i. 77, 93, 96;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">decay during struggle with Danes, 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">&AElig;lfred's influence on, 114, 115;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">after Norman Conquest, 242, 243, 246, 278;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Henry II., 174, 244-249;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under John, 278, 279;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">popular, during Peasant Revolt, ii. 318, 319;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Wyclif's influence on, 338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revival in fourteenth century, 357, 358;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects of the Renascence on, v. 1-3;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">developement under Elizabeth, 3-11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">after the Revolution, 154;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in poetry, 156, 157;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in prose, 157-161, 292, 293;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">beginning of a new developement with Dryden, 333;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Welsh, ii. 49-54.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Drama">Drama</a></li>
+
+<li>Lithsmen of London, i. 300</li>
+
+<li>Liturgy,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the English, iv. 49;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Knox's, v. 327;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Scottish (Laud's), of 1636, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejected, 328.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Prayer">Prayer-Book</a></li>
+
+<li>Liverpool, its rise, vii. 196</li>
+
+<li><a name="Liverpool" id="Liverpool"></a>Liverpool, Robert Banks Jenkinson, second Earl of, viii. 196.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Hawkesbury">Hawkesbury</a></li>
+
+<li>"Livery," ii. 311, 355; iii. 105</li>
+
+<li>Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, prince of North Wales, ii. 58;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Montfort, 67, 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">raid upon Chester, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeats Mortimer at Brecknock, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses homage to Edward I., 108;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submission and marriage, 109;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">last revolt and death, 119, 120</li>
+
+<li>Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, prince of North Wales, ii. 5, 54-58, 108</li>
+
+<li>Llywarch Hen, ii. 49, 53</li>
+
+<li>Loans, forced,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Richard II., ii. 372;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demanded by Wolsey, iii. 244;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">by Charles I., 254, 255</li>
+
+<li><i>Loch C&eacute;, Annals of</i>, i. 7</li>
+
+<li>Lochleven, Mary Stuart imprisoned at, iv. 257, 258</li>
+
+<li>Locke, John, vi. 170, 171, 259</li>
+
+<li>Logic, study of, at Oxford, i. 288</li>
+
+<li>Lollardry, ii. 339;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">suppressed at Oxford, 341;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its later phases, 344-348;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">influence in Bohemia, 349;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude under Henry IV., iii. 19, 21;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sympathy of the Commons with, 21;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising under <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-259" id="Page_8-259"></a><a href="./images/259.png">8-259</a>]</span>Oldcastle, 27;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">suppression of, 27, 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its lingering existence, 96, 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">legal prohibitions of, rescinded, iv. 48;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its influence in Scotland, 111</li>
+
+<li>Lodi, battle of, viii. 122</li>
+
+<li>London,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Middle-Saxons settle round, i. 54;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">subject to the East-Saxons, 59;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">  to Mercia, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">beginnings of its commercial greatness, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists Swein, 142;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">submits to him, 143;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">  to the Conqueror, 165;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its election of Stephen, 215;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expels Matilda, 219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its share in religious revival, 222, 223;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Normans in, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry I.'s charter to, 304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Oxford, 308, 309;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">strife of classes in, 318-320;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">meeting of barons at, 340;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins the barons against John, 346;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its liberties secured by Great Charter, 352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">barons blockaded by John in, 355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defies the Pope, <i>ib.</i>; ii. 8;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Franciscans settle in, 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop Boniface driven from, 32;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Earl Simon, 67, 69, 70;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its charter annulled, 82;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its mayor imprisoned, 83;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">occupied by Gilbert of Gloucester, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Wyclif, 309, 310;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">threatened by revolted peasants, 321, 322;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its Lollardry, 345;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">welcomes Henry of Lancaster, 379;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Richard II. brought captive to, 381;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">betrayed to Edward IV. by Archbishop Neville, iii. 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its petition to Richard III., 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">evades Wolsey's demand for a benevolence, 251;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestants in, 347;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Walloons in, iv. 51;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">unfavourable to Jane Grey's succession, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its Protestant sympathies, <i>ib.</i>, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude in Wyatt's rising, 83-85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestant martyrs in, 96, 144;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supplies sent from, to refugees abroad, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its commerce under Elizabeth, 280;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Flemish settlers in, 281;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">traders of, send help to the Prince of Orange, 324;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its contribution for defence against the Armada, 358;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its advance under Elizabeth, v. 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its increase checked, 198, 199, 277;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its welcome to Prince Charles, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">colonizes Derry, 289;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sides with the Parliament against Charles I., 372, 375, 376;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fortified by the Parliament, vi. 4;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">train-bands of, at battle of Newbury, 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Independents and Baptists in, 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">petitions against toleration, 37;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rises against the Parliament, 56;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Plague at, 226;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Fire at, 239;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports the Exclusion Bill, 308;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">riots in, 322, 323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Shaftesbury, 334;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">turns against him, 335, 336;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Huguenot refugees in, vii. 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Methodists in, 208;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Pitt, 256, 305;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Wilkes, 319; viii. 6, 8, 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">petitions to George III., 16, 20;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports the younger Pitt, 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">riot in, 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"barons" of, i. 319;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"boatmen" of, 308;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">St. Paul's Cathedral in, 223;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Dooms of, 300;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Gilds of, 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"lithsmen" of, 300;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">merchants of, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Merchant Adventurers of, iv. 283, 284;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">materials for its municipal history, i. 274;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">portreeves of, i. 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first theatres in, v. 22, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Tower of, i. 166;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">weavers of, 317, 318;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Witenagemots at, i. 152, 153</li>
+
+<li>Londonderry</li>
+  <li class="subitem">colonized, v. 289;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">siege of, vii. 57, 58</li>
+
+<li>Longchamp, William, Bishop of Ely and justiciar, i. 260, 261, 264</li>
+
+<li>"Lord" and "man,"</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their mutual relations, i. 133;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">and villeins, i. 323-325</li>
+
+<li><a name="Lords" id="Lords"></a>Lords, House of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">origin of its judicial character, i. 256;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its composition under the Houses of Lancaster and York, iii. 94, 99;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Henry VIII., iv. 13, 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejects proposals of the Commons to confiscate Church property, iii. 15, 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its dealings with the Duke of York's claim to the Crown, 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">assents to bills for Church reform, 291;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its address to the Pope, 297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">increase in its numbers under the Stuarts, v. 199, 200;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Crown and Commons in 1641, 360;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">charges Cromwell with treason, vi. 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejects the ordinance for the trial of Charles I., 66, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">abolished, 67, 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Cromwell's substitute for, 144;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Bishops restored to, 204;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejects the Exclusion <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-260" id="Page_8-260"></a><a href="./images/260.png">8-260</a>]</span>Bill, 320;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposal to limit its numbers, vii. 190, 191;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its dealings with Wilkes, 318;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejects Chatham's bill for repeal of the Stamp Acts, viii. 19, 20;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses Catholic emancipation, 196</li>
+
+<li><a name="Lorne" id="Lorne"></a>Lorne, Archibald Campbell, Lord, v. 326.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Argyle">Argyle</a></li>
+
+<li>Lorraine annexed by France, vii. 215</li>
+
+<li>Lorraine, the Cardinal of, iv. 267</li>
+
+<li>Lothian ceded to Malcolm I., i. 147</li>
+
+<li>Loughborough, Alexander Wedderburn, first Lord, viii. 154</li>
+
+<li>Louisburg, capture of, vii. 266</li>
+
+<li>Louisiana,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">French settlement in, vii. 242;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to England, 307</li>
+
+<li>Louviers captured by Henry V., iii. 33</li>
+
+<li>Lovat, Simon Fraser, thirteenth Lord, vii. 230</li>
+
+<li>Lovelace, John, third Lord, vii. 42</li>
+
+<li>Lowestoft, battle of, vi. 225</li>
+
+<li>Lowlands, alleged grant of, by Cnut to the Scots, ii. 132</li>
+
+<li>Lucy, Geoffrey de, i. 345</li>
+
+<li>Lucy, Richard de, i. 343, 344</li>
+
+<li>Luddite riots, viii. 194</li>
+
+<li>Ludlow, General, vi. 109;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Memoirs</i>, v. 72</li>
+
+<li>Lumley, John, Lord, iv. 267, 268</li>
+
+<li>Lumley, Richard, second Viscount, vii. 35, 37</li>
+
+<li>Lun&eacute;ville, Peace of, viii. 143</li>
+
+<li>Luther, Martin, iii. 253-257</li>
+
+<li><a name="Lutherans" id="Lutherans"></a>Lutherans</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in England, iii. 262;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their progress on the Continent, 275;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">importation of their books forbidden, 304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry VIII.'s alliance with, 336;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth in Germany, iv. 31;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuse to send representatives to Trent, 35, 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reject Henry VIII.'s advances, 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Muhlberg, 50;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">take refuge in England, 51;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">again invited to Trent, 193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position after Peace of Passau, v. 176</li>
+
+<li>Lutterworth, Wyclif at, ii. 343, 344</li>
+
+<li>Luttrell, Colonel, viii. 8</li>
+
+<li>Luttrell's <i>Diary</i>, vi. 158</li>
+
+<li>Lutzen, battle of, viii. 201</li>
+
+<li>Luxemburg</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seized by Lewis XIV., vi. 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored to Spain, vii. 91</li>
+
+<li>Luxemburg, Francis Henry de Montmorency, Duke of, vii. 75, 79, 80</li>
+
+<li>Luxemburg, Jacquetta of, iii. 124</li>
+
+<li>Lydgate, John, iii. 17, 40;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Caxton's edition of, 157</li>
+
+<li>Lyly, John, v. 5</li>
+
+<li>Lymne, its fall, i. 33</li>
+
+<li>Lynn,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">King John at, i. 356;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its charter annulled, ii. 79</li>
+
+<li>Lyons, Richard, ii. 304, 306, 323</li>
+
+<li>Lyttelton, Lord Keeper, v. 378</li>
+
+<li>Lyttelton, George, first Lord, vii. 249</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li><i>Mabinogion</i>, i. 7; ii. 50, 51</li>
+
+<li>Macclesfield, Fitton Gerard, third Earl of, vii. 37</li>
+
+<li>Machyn's <i>Diary</i>, iv. 3</li>
+
+<li>Mackay, General, vii. 52</li>
+
+<li>Madison, James, President of the United States, viii. 198</li>
+
+<li>Madras,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its origin, vii. 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">razed by Labourdonnais, 233</li>
+
+<li>Magdalen of Valois, queen of Scots, iv. 23</li>
+
+<li>Magdeburg, siege of, iv. 64</li>
+
+<li>Mages&aelig;tas, i. 66</li>
+
+<li>Magna Carta. <i>See</i> <a href="#Great_Charter">Charter, the Great</a></li>
+
+<li>Mahrattas, vii. 234, 235; viii. 31</li>
+
+<li>Maidstone, Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96</li>
+
+<li>Maine</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by counts of Anjou, i. 212;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">by William of Normandy, 158, 213;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">by Philip Augustus, 269;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to France, ii. 63</li>
+
+<li>"Maintenance," ii. 311; iii. 105</li>
+
+<li>Mainwaring, Dr. Roger, v. 254, 267</li>
+
+<li>Major-Generals, Cromwell's, vi. 107, 118, 119</li>
+
+<li>Malcolm I., king of Scots, i. 123</li>
+
+<li>Malcolm II., king of Scots, i. 146</li>
+
+<li>Malcolm III., king of Scots, i. 170, 197</li>
+
+<li>Maldon, battle of, i. 139</li>
+
+<li>Malet, Robert, i. 201</li>
+
+<li>Malet, William, i. 343</li>
+
+<li>"Malignants," vi. 47, 83, 99, 194, 201</li>
+
+<li>Malmesbury, James Harris, first Lord, viii. 121, 123</li>
+
+<li>Malmesbury, William of, i. 4, 6, 173, 243, 244</li>
+
+<li>Malplaquet, battle of, vii. 136</li>
+
+<li>Malta</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Buonaparte, viii. 132;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">blockaded by a <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-261" id="Page_8-261"></a><a href="./images/261.png">8-261</a>]</span>British fleet, viii. 162;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders, 165</li>
+
+<li>"Malt&ocirc;te," ii. 166</li>
+
+<li>Man, Isle of, conquered by Eadwine, i. 63</li>
+
+<li>Manchester seized by Eadward the Elder, i. 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its rise, vii. 196</li>
+
+<li><a name="Manchester" id="Manchester"></a>Manchester, Edward Montagu, second Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Edward_Mandeville">Mandeville</a>),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">head of the Association of the Eastern Counties, vi. 8, 13, 18;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrels with Cromwell, 24, 34;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">retires, 35</li>
+
+<li><a name="Mandeville" id="Mandeville"></a>Mandeville, Geoffrey de, Earl of Essex, i. 343</li>
+
+<li><a name="Edward_Mandeville" id="Edward_Mandeville"></a>Mandeville, Edward Montagu, Viscount, v. 354, 358.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Manchester">Manchester</a></li>
+
+<li>Manor, the, i. 322-323</li>
+
+<li>Mans, Le,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seized by Geoffrey Martel, i. 212;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rebels against William Rufus, 197;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry II. besieged in, 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrendered to Charles VII., iii. 62</li>
+
+<li>Mansel, John, ii. 8</li>
+
+<li>Mansfield, Count, v. 239</li>
+
+<li>Mansfield, William Murray, first Earl of, vii. 259</li>
+
+<li>Mansion, Colard, iii. 155</li>
+
+<li>Mantes, William the Conqueror wounded at, i. 190</li>
+
+<li>Manton, Thomas, vi. 252</li>
+
+<li>Mantua,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">siege of, viii. 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders to Buonaparte, 125</li>
+
+<li>Manufactures,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of, under Elizabeth, iv. 278-280;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Yorkshire, their rise, v. 281;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English, in eighteenth century, viii. 53, 54, 59, 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">altered conditions of, 193, 194;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of linen, in Ireland, v. 291;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of silk, at Spitalfields, vii. 14</li>
+
+<li>Manumissions, sale of, to the king's serfs, i. 325</li>
+
+<li>Map, Walter, i. 174, 247-249</li>
+
+<li>Mar, John Erskine, sixth Earl of, vii. 145, 183</li>
+
+<li>March, Edward, Earl of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Edward_IV">Edward IV.</a></li>
+
+<li>March, Roger Mortimer, first Earl of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Roger_Mortimer">Mortimer</a></li>
+
+<li>March, Roger Mortimer, fourth Earl of, ii. 378</li>
+
+<li><a name="Edmund_March" id="Edmund_March"></a>March, Edmund Mortimer, fifth Earl of, iii. 2, 13, 14, 28, 30</li>
+
+<li>Marchers, the Lords, ii. 67, 75, 80-82, 85</li>
+
+<li>Mardyke, capture of, by the French, vi. 124</li>
+
+<li>Mare, Sir Peter de la, ii. 306, 307, 311</li>
+
+<li>Marengo, battle of, viii. 142</li>
+
+<li>Maria Theresa of Austria, vii. 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">queen of Hungary, 220;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her struggle with Frederick the Great, 221, 223, 225, 246</li>
+
+<li>Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VI., iii. 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her policy, 72, 74;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">flies to Scotland, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at St. Albans, 79;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Towton, 80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">appeals to Lewis XI., 121;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Hexham, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reconciled with Warwick, 137;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">lands at Weymouth, 143;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captured at Tewkesbury, 145</li>
+
+<li>Margaret, wife of Malcolm III., king of Scots, i. 170</li>
+
+<li>Margaret, daughter of Henry VII., wife of James IV. of Scotland, iii. 185;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her second marriage, 231;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">strife with Albany, 232, 235, 247, 248;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with her husband, iv. 22</li>
+
+<li>Margaret, the "Maid of Norway," ii. 135</li>
+
+<li>Margaret of York,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">schemes for her marriage, iii. 128-130;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Charles the Bold, 131;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">patroness of Caxton, 155;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Lambert Simnel, 176;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Perkin Warbeck, 180</li>
+
+<li>Margaret Beaufort. <i>See</i> <a href="#Margaret_Beaufort">Beaufort</a></li>
+
+<li>Marignano, battle of, iii. 233</li>
+
+<li>Marisco. <i>See</i> <a href="#Marsh">Marsh</a></li>
+
+<li>Marlborough, Parliament at, ii. 89</li>
+
+<li><a name="Marlborough" id="Marlborough"></a>Marlborough, John Churchill, Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Churchill">Churchill</a>), vii. 50, 110;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign in Ireland, 72, 73;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plans of treason, 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with William III. and Anne, 111, 112;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Captain-General, 112;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the allies, 113, 114;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his temper, 115, 116;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his military genius, 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign in 1702, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">difficulties with the Dutch, 118;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">Duke, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign of 1704, 119-122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Occasional Conformity, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the Tories, <i>ib.</i>, 124;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with the Whigs, 125;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">troubles with the Allies, 125;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign of 1706, 126, 127;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">difficulties at home, 131-133;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign of 1708, 134;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">of 1709, 136;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by the Tories, 138, 140;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his fall, 141;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">imbecility, 182</li>
+
+<li>Marlborough, Sarah Jennings, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-262" id="Page_8-262"></a><a href="./images/262.png">8-262</a>]</span>Duchess of, vii. 110, 111, 133, 136, 138</li>
+
+<li>Marlowe, Christopher, v. 26, 27, 29, 31, 35</li>
+
+<li>Marmont, General, viii. 199</li>
+
+<li>"Marprelate, Martin," iv. 5, 342, 343</li>
+
+<li>Marseilles besieged by Charles V., iii. 248, 249</li>
+
+<li><a name="Marsh" id="Marsh"></a>Marsh, Adam, i. 274; ii. 14, 40, 41</li>
+
+<li><a name="Marshal" id="Marshal"></a>Marshal, William, first Earl of Pembroke,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes John, i. 328, 329;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character and position, 345;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">counsels John to accept the Charter, 347;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his fidelity to John, ii. 1;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"governor of king and kingdom," 2;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 3</li>
+
+<li>Marshal, William, second Earl of Pembroke, i. 343; ii. 36</li>
+
+<li>Marshal, Richard, third Earl of Pembroke, ii. 33, 34</li>
+
+<li>Marshall, Stephen, v. 354</li>
+
+<li>Marston, John, v. 42</li>
+
+<li>Marston Moor, battle of, vi. 19</li>
+
+<li>Martinengo, Papal nuncio, iv. 193</li>
+
+<li>Martinico conquered by England, vii. 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored to France, <i>ib.</i></li>
+
+<li>Marvell, Andrew, vi. 329</li>
+
+<li>Mary, daughter of Henry VIII.,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">betrothed to the Dauphin, iii. 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">to Charles V., 242, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to conform to Protestantism, iv. 58;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proclaimed queen, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">enters London, 74;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">person and character, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her aim, 75, 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">schemes for her marriage, 78-80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Parliament, 81, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolt against her, 82-84;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage, 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">persecutions, 91, 95, 96, 144;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">disappointment, 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Paul IV., 102, 103, 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refounds abbeys, 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with Franco, 108;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Ireland, 109, 111;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effect of her persecutions, 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestant denunciations of, 130, 131;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 145</li>
+
+<li>Mary, daughter of James, Duke of York, vi. 282;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plan for her marriage, 283;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">married, 290;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to reign alone, vii. 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">declared queen, 47;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 88</li>
+
+<li>Mary Stuart</li>
+  <li class="subitem">born, iv. 25;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposal for her marriage with Edward VI., 26, 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowned, 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries the Dauphin, 53, 169;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her claims to the English crown, 79, 153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaties with Elizabeth and the Lords, 176;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to Scotland, 196, 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">person and character, 196-198;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy, 199-201, 208, 211, 212;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Elizabeth, 205;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">scheme of marriage with Leicester, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Don Carlos, 206, 213, 221;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Knox and the Calvinists, 218;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">turns to the Lennoxes, 222;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposes to marry Darnley, 223;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expels Murray, 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demands to be recognized as Elizabeth's successor, 226;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">her plans for Scotland and England, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with Darnley, 227;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captured, 229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">escapes to Dunbar, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns, 230;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">birth of her son, 231;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Darnley and Bothwell, 242, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sanctions the establishment of Protestantism, 245;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Bothwell, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captured by the Lords, 246;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prisoner at Lochleven, 257, 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forced to resign, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">escapes, 260;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Langside, 261;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">flies to Carlisle, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to clear herself, 262;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plans for her marriage with Arran, 263;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">for her marriage with Norfolk, <i>ib.</i>, 265;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plots with Norfolk, 265, 271, 272;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">given in charge to Lord Huntingdon, 268;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">imprisoned at Coventry, 269;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">scheme of marriage with Don John, 310;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins Babington's plot, 351;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">trial and death, 352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">bequeaths her claims to Philip, 353;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">materials for her history, 4</li>
+
+<li><a name="Mary_of_Guise" id="Mary_of_Guise"></a>Mary of Guise, queen of Scotland, iv. 23, 25, 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Regent, 112;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the Protestants, 118, 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with France, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 176</li>
+
+<li>Mary of Modena, wife of James II., vi. 278; vii. 29, 34</li>
+
+<li>Mary, daughter of Henry VII., iii. 232; iv. 46</li>
+
+<li>Maserfeld, battle of the, i. 71</li>
+
+<li>Masham, Mrs., vii. 132</li>
+
+<li>Massachusetts,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first settlement in, v. 310;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first charter granted to, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protests against English taxation, vii. 326;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposes a congress, 330;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its assembly dissolved, viii. 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists the tea-duty, 15;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its charter altered, 18;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes up arms against England, 19;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">repudiates English <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-263" id="Page_8-263"></a><a href="./images/263.png">8-263</a>]</span>government, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to join in war against England, 203, 204</li>
+
+<li>Massena, General, viii. 140, 189-191</li>
+
+<li>Massey, Dean of Christ Church, Oxford, vii. 25</li>
+
+<li>Massinger, Philip, v. 303</li>
+
+<li>Matilda of Flanders, wife of William the Conqueror, i. 159</li>
+
+<li><a name="Matilda" id="Matilda"></a>Matilda or Maud (Edith), wife of Henry I., i. 198-200, 246</li>
+
+<li>Matilda or Maud, daughter of Henry I., i. 208, 213, 219, 220</li>
+
+<li>Matthias, Emperor, v. 177, 213, 217</li>
+
+<li>Maud. <i>See</i> <a href="#Matilda">Matilda</a></li>
+
+<li>Maunay, Sir Walter, ii. 234, 246, 253</li>
+
+<li>Maurice, Bishop of London, i. 223</li>
+
+<li>Maurice, Prince, vi. 13, 19, 22</li>
+
+<li>Maximilian I. of Austria, iii. 147;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Mary of Burgundy, 151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with Lewis XI., <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with him, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Perkin Warbeck, 180;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with France, 232-234;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 239;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy towards Luther, iv. 18</li>
+
+<li>May's <i>History of the Long Parliament</i>, v. 72</li>
+
+<li>Mayenne, Charles of Lorraine, Duke of, iv. 367, 372</li>
+
+<li><i>Mayflower</i>, the, v. 309</li>
+
+<li>Mayne, Cuthbert, iv. 309</li>
+
+<li>Maynooth stormed, iii. 328, 329</li>
+
+<li>Mayor of a town,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">successor of portreeve, i. 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">right of electing, 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Oxford, 310</li>
+
+<li>Mazarin, Cardinal, vi. 114, 117, 190</li>
+
+<li>Measures, uniformity of, enacted by Great Charter, i. 352</li>
+
+<li>Meaux taken by Henry V., iii. 36</li>
+
+<li>Medina Sidonia, Duke of, iv. 360, 362</li>
+
+<li>Medway, the Dutch in the, vi. 242</li>
+
+<li>Melfort, John Drummond, first Earl of, vii. 17</li>
+
+<li>Melrose,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Cuthbert at, i. 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Chronicle</i> of, 273;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English raid on, iv. 29</li>
+
+<li>Melville, Andrew, v. 133, 136, 138, 164, 165</li>
+
+<li>Menou, General, viii. 164, 166</li>
+
+<li>Meonwaras, i. 85</li>
+
+<li>Merchad&eacute;, i. 265</li>
+
+<li>Merchant Adventurers,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English, in Flanders, iii. 155;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of London, iv. 283, 284</li>
+
+<li>Merchant Associations, iv. 233, 283</li>
+
+<li><a name="Merchant_gild" id="Merchant_gild"></a>Merchant-gild, the, i. 297, 300;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with craft-gilds, 316-318;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of London, 319</li>
+
+<li>Mercia</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Penda, i. 66, 70-73;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Oswiu, 73;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">becomes Christian, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its revival under Wulfhere, 78, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Wessex, 90-91;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">greatness under Offa, 97, 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Wales, ii. 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">civil strife in, i. 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Ecgberht, 102;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by northmen, 104;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">conquered by them, 105;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English, under ealdorman &AElig;thelred, 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">annexed to Wessex, 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolts against Eadwig, 137;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Cnut, 143;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">earldom of, 146</li>
+
+<li><a name="Mercians" id="Mercians"></a>Mercians, their settlement, i. 37</li>
+
+<li>Meres, Francis, v. 32, 41, 42</li>
+
+<li>Merlin,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">legend of, i. 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prophecies of, ii. 57, 119</li>
+
+<li>Merton, school of, i. 225</li>
+
+<li>Methodists, vii. 204-207, 210, 211;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their influence, viii. 46</li>
+
+<li>Meulan captured by John of Bedford, iii. 39</li>
+
+<li>Meulan, Robert, count of, i. 201</li>
+
+<li>Mexico conquered by Cortes, iv. 329</li>
+
+<li>Michiel, Giovanni, iv. 3</li>
+
+<li>Middle English</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settle round Leicester, i. 37;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">become Christian, 72</li>
+
+<li><a name="Middle_Saxons" id="Middle_Saxons"></a>Middle Saxons, i. 54</li>
+
+<li>Middlesex elects Wilkes, viii. 5, 7</li>
+
+<li>Middleton, Thomas, v. 42</li>
+
+<li>Milan Decree, Napoleon's, viii. 181</li>
+
+<li>Mile-end, meeting of Richard II. and the Kentishmen at, ii. 322</li>
+
+<li>Milford Haven, Richard II. lands at, ii. 380</li>
+
+<li>Millenary Petition, v. 151</li>
+
+<li>Milton, John,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his early life, v. 98-101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">life at Horton, 302, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">early poems, 304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Comus</i>, 305, 306;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Lycidas</i>, 332;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">views on Church reform, 355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">change in his ecclesiastical views, vi. 32;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his sonnet on the Vaudois, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Defence of the English People</i>, 231;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his later life, 232, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Paradise Lost</i>, 234-237;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Areopagitica</i>, 305</li>
+
+<li>Minden, battle of, vii. 264</li>
+
+<li>Mines in England, i. 30; ii. 107; viii. 57</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-264" id="Page_8-264"></a><a href="./images/264.png">8-264</a>]</span>Minorca</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to England, vii. 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">lost, 248;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to Spain, viii. 41</li>
+
+<li>Mirebeau, Arthur of Britanny captured at, i. 268</li>
+
+<li>Mise</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Amiens, ii. 68;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Lewes, 71</li>
+
+<li>Model, New. <i>See</i> <a href="#Army">Army</a></li>
+
+<li><i>Modus Tenendi Parliamentum</i>, i. 275</li>
+
+<li>Mogul Empire, the, vii. 234</li>
+
+<li>Monaco, soldiers of, at Cr&eacute;cy, ii. 236</li>
+
+<li><a name="Monarchy" id="Monarchy"></a>Monarchy,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of its strength, iii. 88, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new policy, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">causes of its power, 111;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its position at Thomas Cromwell's death, iv. 7;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">changes in its system under Elizabeth, 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">James I.'s theory of, v. 169-171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">change in its relations to the country, 183, 184;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">abolished, vi. 68;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposal to restore it, 119-121;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored, 152;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character after the Restoration, 172, 173, 183, 184;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character since the Revolution, vii. 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its insignificance under the House of Hanover, vii. 172-175.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#King">King</a></li>
+
+<li>Monasteries, suppression of, iii. 310, 311, 346; iv. 13</li>
+
+<li>Monasticism,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revival of, under Henry I. and Stephen, i. 222;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its condition in the sixteenth century, iii. 309-310</li>
+
+<li><a name="Monk" id="Monk"></a>Monk, George,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">subdues the Highlands, vi. 108;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">commander in Scotland, 150;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">gathers a Convention at Edinburgh, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">leads his army to London, 151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restores Charles II., 152;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Duke of Albemarle, 193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fight with De Ruyter, 238</li>
+
+<li>Monmouth, James, Duke of, vi. 176, 309;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">schemes for his succession, 309, 310;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">comes to court, 312;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ordered to leave London, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns, 314;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his progresses, 316, 322;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arrested, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">flight, 337;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">finds refuge at the Hague, vii. 8;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his attempt on England, 9;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeat and death, 10</li>
+
+<li>Monmouth, Humfrey, iii. 258</li>
+
+<li>Monopolies,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sale of, by Edward III., ii. 291;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">abolished by Elizabeth, v. 58;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revived by James I., 222;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">by Charles I., 279</li>
+
+<li>Mons</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surprised by Lewis of Nassau, iv. 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captured by Lewis XIV., vii. 76</li>
+
+<li>Montacute, Henry Pole, Lord, iii. 349, 350</li>
+
+<li>Montagu, John Neville, first Lord, iii. 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Hexham, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Edward IV., 137, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins Warwick and Clarence, 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins Warwick again, 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">slain, <i>ib.</i></li>
+
+<li>Montagu, Ralph, vi. 299</li>
+
+<li>Montague, Anthony Browne, first Viscount, iv. 267</li>
+
+<li>Montague, Charles, vii. 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">founds the Bank of England, 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Chancellor of the Exchequer, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reforms the currency, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismissed, 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">impeached, 105</li>
+
+<li>Montague, Dr. Richard, v. 245, 246;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">bishop of Chichester, 267, 298</li>
+
+<li>Montcalm, Marquis of, vii. 244, 268, 269</li>
+
+<li>Montcontour, battle of, iv. 268, 298</li>
+
+<li>Monteagle, William Parker, fourth Lord, v. 159</li>
+
+<li>Montereau, Duke John of Burgundy assassinated at, iii. 35</li>
+
+<li>Montfort, Amaury of (brother of Earl Simon), ii. 35</li>
+
+<li>Montfort, Amaury of (son of Earl Simon), ii. 83</li>
+
+<li>Montfort, Eleanor of, ii. 109</li>
+
+<li>Montfort, Henry of, ii. 81</li>
+
+<li>Montfort, John of, Duke of Britanny, ii. 233</li>
+
+<li>Montfort, Richard of, ii. 83</li>
+
+<li>Montfort, Simon IV. of, earl of Leicester, ii. 35</li>
+
+<li>Montfort, Simon V. of, ii. 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage, 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">earl of Leicester, <i>ib.</i>, 37;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the barons, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">heads reforming party, 37, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protests against papal exactions, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Seneschal of Gascony, 38-40;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with Henry III., 40;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regency of France offered to, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character, 40-42;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to England, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">swears to Provisions of Oxford, 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations with France, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">breach with Gloucester, 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to France, 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Llewelyn, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">heads the barons in arms, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejects the Mise of Amiens, 68, 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Lewes, 70, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his rule, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">summons the commons to Parliament, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-265" id="Page_8-265"></a><a href="./images/265.png">8-265</a>]</span>73, 153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with Gloucester, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">last campaign, 76, 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 78;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his corpse mutilated, 80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his adherents disinherited, 82, 83;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">miracles at his tomb, 83</li>
+
+<li>Montfort, Simon, the younger,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">taken prisoner, ii. 70;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated by Edward, 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">advances to Alcester, 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">falls back to Kenilworth, 80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">releases his prisoners, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to Axholme, 84;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders to Edward, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">flies over sea, 86</li>
+
+<li>Montgomery, Roger of, ii. 47</li>
+
+<li>Montreal taken by Amherst, vii. 269</li>
+
+<li>Montreuil besieged by the English, iv. 30</li>
+
+<li>Montrose, James Grahame, fifth earl and first marquis of, v. 337, 342;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Charles I., 359, 364;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">raises the Highlands for the king, vi. 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his victories, <i>ib.</i>, 38, 41;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeat at Philiphaugh, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">executed, 78</li>
+
+<li>Moore, Sir John, viii. 186, 187</li>
+
+<li>Moot, the, i. 17, 18</li>
+
+<li>Morat, battle of, iii. 150</li>
+
+<li><a name="Moray" id="Moray"></a>Moray, Thomas Randolph, Earl of, ii. 213.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Randolph">Randolph</a></li>
+
+<li>More, Hannah, vii. 170; viii. 47</li>
+
+<li>More, Thomas,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his person and character, iii. 216, 217;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first appearance in Parliament, 218;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his home-life, <i>ib.</i>, 219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to court, 219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his lectures on "The City of God," 197;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Life of Edward the Fifth</i>, 83, 218;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Utopia</i>, 189, 220-228;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Speaker of the Commons, 245;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his reply to Luther, 257;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Chancellor, 286, 289;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns, 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">summoned to take the oath of succession, 317;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses, 318;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sent to the Tower, 319;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">beheaded, 321;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his reverence for Parliament, iv. 9;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Roper's <i>Life of</i>, iii. 83</li>
+
+<li>More, Thomas de la, ii. 177</li>
+
+<li>Moreau, General, viii. 122, 142, 143</li>
+
+<li><i>Mori&aelig; Encomium</i>, iii. 219</li>
+
+<li>Morice, Sir William, Secretary of State, vi. 194</li>
+
+<li>Morkere, Earl of Northumbria, i. 160, 165, 167, 170</li>
+
+<li><a name="Mornington" id="Mornington"></a>Mornington, Richard Wellesley, second Earl of, viii. 132.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Wellesley">Wellesley</a></li>
+
+<li>Morrison, Robert, vi. 167</li>
+
+<li>Mortemer, battle of, i. 158</li>
+
+<li>Mortimer, Anne, iii. 56</li>
+
+<li>Mortimer, Edmund, Earl of March. <i>See</i> <a href="#Edmund_March">March</a></li>
+
+<li>Mortimer, Sir Edmund, iii. 13</li>
+
+<li><a name="Roger_Mortimer" id="Roger_Mortimer"></a>Mortimer, Roger,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supporter of Henry III., ii. 64, 72, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated by Llewelyn, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">head of regency, 102</li>
+
+<li>Mortimer, Roger, conspires against Edward II., ii. 198;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Earl of March, 206;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fall, 207</li>
+
+<li>Mortimer's Cross, battle of, iii. 78</li>
+
+<li>Morton, John, Bishop of Ely and Archbishop of Canterbury, iii. 167, 285;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his "fork," 177</li>
+
+<li>Morton, James Douglas, fourth Earl of, iv. 114;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Chancellor of Scotland, 224;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">aids Darnley against Mary, 228;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">flies, 230;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recalled, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins Argyle against Mary, 245;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">beheaded, 346</li>
+
+<li>Morton, Dr. Nicholas, iv. 265, 268</li>
+
+<li>Moscow, Napoleon's expedition to, viii. 200</li>
+
+<li>Mount Badon, battle of, i. 34</li>
+
+<li>Mountjoy, Charles Blount, eighth Lord, v. 62</li>
+
+<li>Mountnorris, Francis Annesley, Lord, v. 290</li>
+
+<li>Moveables, taxation of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Henry II., i. 257;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Richard I., 350</li>
+
+<li>Mowbray, Robert, Earl of Northumberland, i. 192</li>
+
+<li>Mowbray, Roger, i. 254</li>
+
+<li>Muhlberg, battle of, iv. 50</li>
+
+<li>Munster,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Fitz-Maurices in, ii. 377;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English conquest of, iii. 329;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolt in, v. 62</li>
+
+<li>M&uuml;nster, Bernard van Galen, Bishop of, vi. 227</li>
+
+<li>Murimuth, Adam of, i. 274; ii. 177</li>
+
+<li><a name="Murray" id="Murray"></a>Murray, James Stuart, first earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Stuart">Stuart</a>), iv. 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy, <i>ib.</i>, 200, 201, 205;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes the Darnley marriage, 223;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plots with Elizabeth, 224;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rises against Mary, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated, 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns, 229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">pleads for Morton's recall, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to France, 244;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Regent of Scotland, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeats Mary at Langside, 260, 261;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his charges <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-266" id="Page_8-266"></a><a href="./images/266.png">8-266</a>]</span>against Mary, 262;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">murdered, 271; v. 122</li>
+
+<li>Murray, Sir Robert, vi. 166</li>
+
+<li>Mysore, sultans of, viii. 131</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Nalson's historical collections, v. 72</li>
+
+<li>Namur</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrendered to Lewis XIV., vii. 79;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">taken by the Allies, 88</li>
+
+<li>Nanci, battle of, iii. 150</li>
+
+<li>Nantes, Edict of, revoked, vii. 13</li>
+
+<li>Nantwich, battle at, vi. 18</li>
+
+<li>Naples</li>
+  <li class="subitem">threatened by an English fleet, vii. 223;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by Austria, 224</li>
+
+<li><a name="Napoleon" id="Napoleon"></a>Napoleon, Emperor of the French (<i>see</i> <a href="#Buonaparte">Buonaparte</a>),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his scheme for invading England, viii. 170, 171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victories at Ulm and Austerlitz, 173;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">at Jena, 174;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">at Eylau and Friedland, 175;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Berlin Decree, 176;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Milan Decree, 181;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">masters Spain, 185;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">military successes there, 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Wagram, 188;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seeks the alliance of America, 192;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marches on Russia, 198, 200;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">retreats, 200, 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">last victories, 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fall, 203;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Elba, 205;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">re-enters France, 206;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">raises an army, 207;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Ligny, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeat at Waterloo, 208-210;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">exile to St. Helena, 211</li>
+
+<li>Narbonne sacked by the Black Prince, ii. 260</li>
+
+<li>Naseby, battle of, vi. 40</li>
+
+<li>Nash, Thomas, v. 8</li>
+
+<li>Nassau, Lewis, Count of, iv. 298</li>
+
+<li>Navarete, battle of, ii. 284</li>
+
+<li>Navarre, Anthony of Bourbon, king of, iv. 206</li>
+
+<li>Navy. <i>See</i> <a href="#Fleet">Fleet</a></li>
+
+<li>Nectansmere, battle of, i. 89</li>
+
+<li>Neerwinden, battles of, vii. 80; viii. 107</li>
+
+<li>Nelson, Horatio, viii. 133, 172, 173</li>
+
+<li>Nennius, i. 3</li>
+
+<li>Netherlands,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their importance to Philip II., iv. 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rise against him, 256, 297, 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Elizabeth, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English sympathy with, 323, 324;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">choose the Duke of Anjou for their sovereign, 336-338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parma's successes in, 347;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prevent Parma joining the Armada, 359;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league with France and England, v. 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submit to Philip V. of Spain, vii. 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Marlborough's campaigns in, 117, 126, 127;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invaded by Lewis XV., vii. 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war in, 227, 231;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by France, viii. 109</li>
+
+<li>Neufmarch&eacute;, Bernard of, ii. 47</li>
+
+<li>Neuss besieged by Charles the Bold, iii. 147-149</li>
+
+<li>Neville, Alexander, Archbishop of York, ii. 353</li>
+
+<li>Neville, Anne, iii. 137, 140</li>
+
+<li>Neville, Cecily, Duchess of York, iii. 73</li>
+
+<li>Neville, George, Chancellor, iii. 113, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop of York, 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">deprived of the seals, 130;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">betrays London to Edward, 142</li>
+
+<li>Neville, Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland, ii. 379</li>
+
+<li>Neville, house of, iii. 73, 112, 113</li>
+
+<li>Neville's Cross, battle of, ii. 243</li>
+
+<li>New Amsterdam, vi. 243</li>
+
+<li>Newark,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king John dies at, i. 356;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">siege of, vi. 19</li>
+
+<li>Newburgh, William of, i. 174</li>
+
+<li>Newbury, battles of, vi. 14, 23, 24</li>
+
+<li>Newcastle-on-Tyne</li>
+  <li class="subitem">founded, i. 189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">occupied by the Scots, v. 342;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieged by the Scots, vi. 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles I. and the Scots at, 48;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament at, ii. 160</li>
+
+<li>Newcastle, William Cavendish, first Earl, Marquis and Duke of, vi. 4, 18, 19</li>
+
+<li>Newcastle, John Holies, Duke of, vii. 134</li>
+
+<li>Newcastle, Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of, vii. 218;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">head of the ministry, 246;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses subsidy to Russia, 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">jealous of Pitt, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins Pitt in forming a ministry, 251;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes Pitt, 304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">retires, 305</li>
+
+<li>New England,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its settlement, v. 310-314;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">return of Independents from, vi. 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its progress, vii. 237, 238</li>
+
+<li>New Forest, William the Red slain in the, i. 198</li>
+
+<li>Newgate, Friars at, ii. 12</li>
+
+<li>New Holland, vii. 277</li>
+
+<li>New Jersey, vii. 236</li>
+
+<li>"New men," the, i. 325</li>
+
+<li>New Orleans, English attempt on, viii. 205</li>
+
+<li>New River, the, v. 77</li>
+
+<li>New South Wales, vii. 278</li>
+
+<li>Newton, Isaac, vi. 167</li>
+
+<li>Newton, John, viii. 47</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-267" id="Page_8-267"></a><a href="./images/267.png">8-267</a>]</span>Newtown Butler, battle of, vii. 58</li>
+
+<li>New York, vi. 243, vii. 236;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its Assembly suspended, viii. 4, 14</li>
+
+<li>New Zealand, vii. 278</li>
+
+<li>Ney, Marshal, viii. 208, 210</li>
+
+<li>Niagara, Fort, vii. 243, 244, 267</li>
+
+<li>Nicholas, Sir Edward, vi. 194, 244</li>
+
+<li>Nigel, Bishop of Ely and treasurer, i. 218, 219</li>
+
+<li>Nile, battle of the, viii. 133</li>
+
+<li>Nimeguen, Peace of, vi. 291</li>
+
+<li>"Nithing," i. 151, 192</li>
+
+<li>Noailles, Duc de, vii. 224</li>
+
+<li>Nonconformity, rise of, vi. 27</li>
+
+<li>Nonconformists,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their position after 1662, vi. 212, 213;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude in 1665, 229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">persecution of, <i>ib.</i>, 230;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Cabal's dealings with, 251, 252;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">renewed persecution of, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position under James II., vii. 22;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">under William III., 64;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">under Anne, 123;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">under Walpole, 198</li>
+
+<li>Nonjurors, vii. 65</li>
+
+<li>Nootka Sound, dispute about, viii. 88</li>
+
+<li>Norfolk, rising of John the Litster in, ii. 325, 331</li>
+
+<li>Norfolk, John Howard, first Duke of, iii. 286</li>
+
+<li><a name="Norfolk_Surrey" id="Norfolk_Surrey"></a>Norfolk, Thomas Howard, second Duke of (<i>see</i> <a href="#second_Surrey">Surrey</a>), iii. 287</li>
+
+<li>Norfolk, Thomas Howard, third Duke of (<i>see</i> <a href="#third_Surrey">Surrey</a>), iii. 270, 287;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy, 291, 294;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">puts down Pilgrimage of Grace, 324;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arrests Cromwell, 352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to power, iv. 17;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">hostility to Protestants, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marches against Scotland, 23, 24;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sent to the Tower, 45;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">leads the royal guard against Wyatt, 83</li>
+
+<li>Norfolk, Thomas Howard, fourth Duke of, iv. 173;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plots with Mary Stuart, 265, 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sent to the Tower, 268;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">released, 271;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">again plots with Mary, <i>ib.</i>, 272;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arrest and death, 274</li>
+
+<li>Norfolk, Henry Howard, seventh Duke of, vii. 21, 42</li>
+
+<li><a name="Thomas_Norfolk" id="Thomas_Norfolk"></a>Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, first Duke of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Nottingham">Nottingham</a>), ii. 372, 378</li>
+
+<li>Norfolk, John Mowbray, third Duke of, iii. 80</li>
+
+<li>Norfolk, Thomas, Earl of, son of Edward I., ii. 206, 207</li>
+
+<li>Norfolk, Earls of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Bigod">Bigod</a></li>
+
+<li>Norham, Parliament at, ii. 136</li>
+
+<li>Norman, prior of Holy Trinity, Aldgate, i. 223</li>
+
+<li><a name="Normandy" id="Normandy"></a>Normandy,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its relation to English history, i. 154;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settlement of northmen in, 127, 141, 155;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with France, 155, 156;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with English kings, 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">&AElig;thelred II. in, 143, 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under William the Conqueror, 158, 159;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">pledged by Robert to William Rufus, 197;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Henry I., 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invaded by Lewis VII., 254;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">by Philip Augustus, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">laid under interdict, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Philip, 269;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded by Henry III., ii. 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invaded by Edward III., 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Henry V., iii. 33, 34;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Bedford's rule in, 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regained by Charles VII., 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">historians of, i. 6</li>
+
+<li><a name="Normans" id="Normans"></a>Normans,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their settlement, i. 155;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">temper, <i>ib.</i>, 158;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in England under Eadward the Confessor, 151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their flight, 153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fusion with the English, 200, 281;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settlers in London, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Wales, ii. 48</li>
+
+<li>Norris, Sir John, iv. 367, 368</li>
+
+<li>North, Francis, Lord Keeper, vii. 10</li>
+
+<li>North, Frederick, Lord, viii. 16, 28, 33</li>
+
+<li>Northallerton, battle of, i. 217</li>
+
+<li>Northampton</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reduced by Eadward the Elder, i. 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">John's deposition proclaimed at, 333;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">John and Langton at, 340;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Essex musters the Parliamentary army at, vi. 2;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Assize of, i. 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle of, iii. 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">councils at, i. 237; ii. 120;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty of, ii. 205</li>
+
+<li>Northampton, William Bohun, Earl of, ii. 237</li>
+
+<li>Northampton, George Compton, fourth Earl of, vii. 23</li>
+
+<li>Northampton, Henry Howard, Earl of, v. 191</li>
+
+<li>Northampton, William Parr, first Marquis of, iv. 47</li>
+
+<li>North folk, i. 42</li>
+
+<li>North Foreland, battles off the, vi. 238, 239</li>
+
+<li><a name="Northmen" id="Northmen"></a>Northmen,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their temper, i. 100;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attack Britain, 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settle in Ireland, 103;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victorious at Charmouth, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Aclea, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquer Northumbria and East Anglia, 104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-268" id="Page_8-268"></a><a href="./images/268.png">8-268</a>]</span>attack Wessex, 105;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Ashdown, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invade Mercia, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Alfred's struggle with, 106, 107, 116, 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attack Wessex, 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character of their attack, i. 125, 126;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fusion with English, 126, 127;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their work in England, 129;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settle in Iceland, the Orkneys and Hebrides, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">again threaten England, 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Maldon, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">bought off by &AElig;thelred, 140;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">mercenaries in England, massacred, 141;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settlement in Gaul. <i>See</i> <a href="#Normandy">Normandy</a>, <a href="#Normans">Normans</a></li>
+
+<li>Northumberland</li>
+  <li class="subitem">granted to Henry of Scotland, ii. 134;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">lead-mines in, i. 30</li>
+
+<li><a name="Northumberland" id="Northumberland"></a>Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Warwick">Warwick</a>), iv. 65, 67-69, 71</li>
+
+<li>Northumberland, Henry Percy, first Earl of, ii. 378, 380; iii. 12-14, 18, 19</li>
+
+<li>Northumberland, Henry Percy, second Earl of, iii. 28, 73, 74</li>
+
+<li>Northumberland, Henry Percy, third Earl of, iii. 80</li>
+
+<li>Northumberland, Henry Percy, fourth Earl of, iii. 138, 172</li>
+
+<li>Northumberland, Thomas Percy, seventh Earl of, iv. 268, 269, 274</li>
+
+<li>Northumberland, Henry Percy, ninth Earl of, iv. 353, 358</li>
+
+<li><a name="Northumbria" id="Northumbria"></a>Northumbria, kingdom of (Bernicia and Deira), i. 53, 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">greatness under Eadwine, 62-63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">accepts Christianity, 64-65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">greatness under Oswald, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Irish missionaries in, 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Penda, 70-73;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Cuthbert's mission-work in, 75, 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">monasteries in, 76, 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">religious strife in, 78-80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its power under Ecgfrith, 86, 87;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the Picts, 88, 89;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Mercia, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">schools and learning in, 91;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">repulses &AElig;thelbald, 96;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">anarchy in, 97;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Ecgberht, 102;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by northmen, 104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Eadward the Elder, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">incorporated with Wessex and Mercia by &AElig;thelstan, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">rises against him, 120;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">  against Eadmund, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">  against Eadwig, 137;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">earldom of, 146;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolts against Tostig, 160;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">against William I., 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">northern, conquered by the Scots, 146</li>
+
+<li>Norway, its monarchy founded, i. 128, 129</li>
+
+<li>Norwich,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">French settlers in, i. 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">clothiers of, resist benevolences, iii. 251;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising at, against Somerset, iv. 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">centre of the worsted trade, 279</li>
+
+<li>Nothelm, friend of B&aelig;da, i. 94</li>
+
+<li>Nottingham,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">&AElig;thelred I.'s treaty with the northmen at, i. 104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">one of the Five Boroughs, 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Eadward the Elder, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward III. arrests Mortimer at, ii. 207;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles I. raises his standard at, vi. 2</li>
+
+<li>Nottingham, Daniel Finch, second Earl of, vii. 28, 88, 124</li>
+
+<li><a name="Nottingham" id="Nottingham"></a>Nottingham, Thomas Mowbray, second Earl of, ii. 353, 370.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Thomas_Norfolk">Norfolk</a></li>
+
+<li>Nottingham, John Mowbray, fourth Earl of, iii. 18</li>
+
+<li>Nova Scotia,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">French settlers driven from, vii. 242;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to England, 307</li>
+
+<li>Novi, battle of, viii. 140</li>
+
+<li>Nowell, Alexander, Dean of St. Paul's, iv. 165</li>
+
+<li>Noy, William, v. 317</li>
+
+<li>Noyon, treaty of, iii. 234</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Oates, Titus, vi. 294-297; vii. 66</li>
+
+<li>Ockham, William, ii. 276</li>
+
+<li>Odo, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 137</li>
+
+<li>Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, i. 167, 183, 189, 191</li>
+
+<li>Offa, king of Mercia, i. 96-98; ii. 46</li>
+
+<li>Oglethorpe, General, vii. 236</li>
+
+<li>O'Hara, General, viii. 109</li>
+
+<li>Ohio Company, vii. 242</li>
+
+<li>Olaf, king of Norway, i. 140</li>
+
+<li><a name="Oldcastle" id="Oldcastle"></a>Oldcastle, Sir John, ii. 345; iii. 19.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Cobham">Cobham</a></li>
+
+<li>Olivares, Count of, v. 233</li>
+
+<li>Olney, treaty of, i. 143</li>
+
+<li>O'Neal, Sir Phelim, v. 365</li>
+
+<li>O'Neill, Hugh, vi. 79</li>
+
+<li>O'Neill, Hugh, second Earl of Tyrone, v. 61, 62</li>
+
+<li>O'Neill, Owen Roe, vi. 71</li>
+
+<li>O'Neill, Shane, iv. 240, 241</li>
+
+<li>Opdam, Admiral, vi. 225</li>
+
+<li>Orange, William I., Prince of, iv. 264, 297, 300, 312, 338, 347</li>
+
+<li>Orange, William II., Prince of, vi. 70</li>
+
+<li>Orange, William III., Prince of. <i>See</i> <a href="#William_III">William</a></li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-269" id="Page_8-269"></a><a href="./images/269.png">8-269</a>]</span>"Orangemen," viii. 119, 120</li>
+
+<li>"Ordainers," the Lords, ii. 188</li>
+
+<li>Ordeal, trial by, i. 239</li>
+
+<li>Orderic, i. 6, 173</li>
+
+<li>Orders in Council,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Grenville's, viii. 178;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Canning's, 181;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">repealed, 197</li>
+
+<li>Ordinance,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Self-Denying, vi. 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">for suppression of blasphemies and heresies, vi. 60</li>
+
+<li>Ordinances</li>
+  <li class="subitem">changed into statutes, ii. 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1311, 189, 191, 194, 195</li>
+
+<li>Orkneys, Northmen in the, i. 129</li>
+
+<li>Orleans,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry V. repulsed from, iii. 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">siege of, 45, 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relieved, 50, 51</li>
+
+<li>Orleans, Charles, Duke of, iii. 24, 26, 28</li>
+
+<li>Orleans, Lewis I., Duke of, iii. 5, 6, 12, 16, 17</li>
+
+<li><a name="Orleans" id="Orleans"></a>Orleans, Lewis II., Duke of, iii. 170.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Lewis_XII">Lewis XII.</a></li>
+
+<li>Orleans, Philip II., Duke of, Regent of France, vii. 185, 213</li>
+
+<li>Ormond, James Butler, twelfth Earl of, vi. 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invites Charles II. to Ireland, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieges Dublin, 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Duke, 182, 193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Steward, 193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">retires, 244;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to the Council, 278;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Parliamentary government, vii. 1</li>
+
+<li>Ormond, James Butler, second Duke of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Warden of the Cinque Ports, vii. 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins the Pretender, 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tries to stir up a rising, 184;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">commands a Spanish fleet, 187</li>
+
+<li>Orosius, &AElig;lfred's translation of, i. 114</li>
+
+<li>Orthez, battle of, viii. 202</li>
+
+<li>Orvieto, Edward I. visits the Pope at, ii. 102</li>
+
+<li>Osbern's <i>Lives of English Saints</i>, i. 243</li>
+
+<li>Osgod Clapa, i. 148</li>
+
+<li>Osney,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">abbey of, i. 284;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">annals of, 273</li>
+
+<li>Oswald, king of Bernicia, i. 67, 69-71</li>
+
+<li>Oswiu, king of Northumbria, i. 72, 73, 78-81, 86</li>
+
+<li>Otterbourne's <i>Chronicle</i>, ii. 179</li>
+
+<li>Otto of Saxony, king of the Germans, i. 264;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his alliance with John, 334, 337;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invades France, 338, 342</li>
+
+<li>Oudenarde, battle of, vii. 134</li>
+
+<li>Overbury, Sir Thomas, v. 192</li>
+
+<li>Oxford,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first mention of, i. 305;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Swein, 143;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">siege of, 220;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition after Norman conquest, 306, 307;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">in the twelfth century, 283-285;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Abbey of Abingdon, 306, 308;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with London, 308, 309;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">mayor substituted for reeve, 310;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">town-life, <i>ib.</i>, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">barons swear fealty to Henry Fitz-Empress at, 227;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Richard I. born at, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Friars settle in, ii. 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles I. at, vi. 3, 4;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">blockade of, 19;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"bargemen" of, i. 308;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">charters, 309;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">church of St. Martin, 283, 306, 310;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">of St. Mary, 287, 288;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Jews at, 307; ii. 127-129;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">merchant-gild, i. 308;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament at, ii. 60; v. 246; vi. 226, 322, 323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Portmannimote of, i. 306, 309;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Port-meadow, 296, 306;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Provisions of, ii. 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">University of, i. 285-287;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Gerald of Wales at, 285;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">a papal legate mobbed at, 287; ii. 42;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">study of Aristotle at, i. 288, 293, 294;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">foreign students at, 291;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revival of theology at, ii. 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Roger Bacon at, 16, 17;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards English liberty in thirteenth century, 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Wyclif at, 276;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ordered to condemn and arrest him, 310;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condemns him, 337;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">displaces his opponents, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Wykeham's College at, 308;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lollardry at, 339-341;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Duke Humphrey bequeaths his library to, iii. 40, 161;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">decay of scholarship at, 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revival of Greek at, 190, 194, 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Cardinal College at, 202, 262, 265;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lutheranism at, 262, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forced to approve Henry VIII.'s divorce, 292;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes the royal supremacy, iv. 162;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">religious changes in, 304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Catholic refugees from, at Douay, 317;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protests against the Millenary Petition, v. 152;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">declares for passive obedience, 170; vii. 1;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">James II.'s dealings with, 25, 26;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Jacobitism in, 184;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Methodists at, 205;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports the younger Pitt, viii. 69</li>
+
+<li><a name="Robert_Oxford" id="Robert_Oxford"></a>Oxford, Robert de Vere, third Earl of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Vere_3rd">Vere</a></li>
+
+<li>Oxford, Robert de Vere, ninth Earl of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Vere_9th">Vere</a></li>
+
+<li>Oxford, John de Vere, twelfth Earl of, iii. 142, 177</li>
+
+<li>Oxford, Edward de Vere, seventeenth Earl of, iv. 318, 353, 358</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-270" id="Page_8-270"></a><a href="./images/270.png">8-270</a>]</span>Oxford, Aubrey de Vere, twentieth Earl of, vii. 23</li>
+
+<li>Oxford, Robert Harley, Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Harley">Harley</a>), vii. 145</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Packenham, General, viii. 205</li>
+
+<li>Palatinate,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war in the, v. 220;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Elector driven from, 226;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reconquered by Gustavus of Sweden, 276</li>
+
+<li>Pale, the English,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Ireland, ii. 374;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">divided into counties, 376</li>
+
+<li>Pampeluna, siege of, viii. 202</li>
+
+<li>Pandulf, Cardinal, i. 333, 337, 344; ii. 3, 6</li>
+
+<li>Papacy, the,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its relations with England under Henry III., ii. 1, 26-28, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English protests against its exactions, 38, 42;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its relations with the Empire, 217, 218;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with France, <i>ib.</i>, 224;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with England under Edward III., 218, 219, 221-223, 273-275, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">complaints of King and Parliament against, 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">private arrangements with Edward III., 296;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">beginning of its struggle with Luther, iii. 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">England's relations with, under Henry VIII., 288, 289, 297, 299, 300;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">appeals to, forbidden, 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">judicial and financial connexion with, broken, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its jurisdiction transferred to the Crown, 305, 306;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submission to, under Mary, iv. 88, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its revival under Paul IV., 99, 100;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Elizabeth, 155;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position and policy under Pius V., 250-253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Gregory XIII., 306, 313</li>
+
+<li>Paris</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rises against the Regent Charles, ii. 264;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">threatened by Edward III., 265;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry VI. crowned at, iii. 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">welcomes Charles VII., 56;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieged by Henry IV. (of France), iv. 369;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relieved by Parma, 370;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising in, viii. 83;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders to the Allies, 203;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Peace of, vii. 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">University of, i. 225, 282, 285, 290</li>
+
+<li>Paris, Matthew, i. 273; ii. 43, 44</li>
+
+<li>Parish system, its introduction, i. 84</li>
+
+<li>Parker, Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 165;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his historical collections, v. 4;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Strype's <i>Life of</i>, iv. 4</li>
+
+<li>Parker, Bishop of Oxford, vii. 25, 26</li>
+
+<li>Parkhurst, John, iv. 119</li>
+
+<li><a name="Parliament" id="Parliament"></a>Parliament,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its origin, ii. 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first scheme for representation of Commonalty in, 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its summons forbidden by Henry III., 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">knights summoned to, 66, 150, 151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Commons summoned to, 73;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">representation of boroughs in, <i>ib.</i>, 120, 121, 152-154;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">finally constituted in 1295, 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attempt to include the clergy in, 157;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fixed at Westminster, 158;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward I.'s plan for representation of Scotland in, 171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the Crown, 181-183;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protests against papal exactions, 38, 222, 223, 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demands the dismissal of Gaveston, 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">deposes Edward II., 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of its power, 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">internal developement, <i>ib.</i>, 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">grouping of Estates in, 202, 203;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">confirms recognition of Scotch independence, 205;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">progress under Edward III., 230-232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">two Houses, 231;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">repudiates John's submission to Rome, 275;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward III.'s relations with, 292;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its assent made necessary for subsidies on wool, 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English language first used in opening, 300, 356;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">petition for due election of knights to serve in, 300;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">acknowledges Richard II.'s claim to the succession, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to enfranchise serfs, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Richard II., 352;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">deposes him, iii. 1;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recognizes Henry IV., 2;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">its relations with him, 3, 4, 22, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">importance at opening of Wars of the Roses, 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with York and Lancaster, 91, 92;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">suspension under Edward IV., 91, 152;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recognizes Henry VII., 174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry VIII.'s relations with, 288;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">asks for Church reform, 290;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forbids appeals to Rome, 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Cromwell's dealings with, iv. 8, 9;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">More's reverence for, 9;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">developement under Henry VIII., 9-11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">temper under Edward VI., 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">packing of, 67, 234;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Mary, 77, 81, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">advance under Elizabeth, 233-239; v. 56-58;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"Admonition to," iv. 296;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">suspension under Charles I., 272;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Pym's theory of, 346, 347;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">schemes of <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-271" id="Page_8-271"></a><a href="./images/271.png">8-271</a>]</span>the Convention for its reform, vi. 99;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first representation of Scotland and Ireland in, <i>ib.</i>, 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new constitution of, in 1657, 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its strength and its weakness, 301, 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">secures control over taxation and the army, vii. 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">annual assembly, 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">control over trade, 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Whigs' management of, 176;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its duration fixed at seven years, 185;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the people after the Revolution, 286-288;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">need for its reform, 289-292;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">George III.'s dealings with, 308, 309;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its dealings with Wilkes, 318;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">publication of its debates, viii. 11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">composition after Union with Ireland, 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Berwick, ii. 162;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Coventry, iii. 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Gloucester, ii. 289, 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Marlborough, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Newcastle, 160;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Norham, 136;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Oxford, 60; v. 246; vi. 226, 323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at St. Albans, ii. 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Shrewsbury, 121, 371;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Winchester, 66, 80, 82;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at York, 195;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Addled, v. 196;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Barebones, vi. 95;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><a name="Cavalier" id="Cavalier"></a>the Cavalier, 201-204, 207;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">moves to Oxford, 226;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its attitude towards France, 228;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Charles, 240, 241;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejects a scheme of Protestant comprehension, 252;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its distrust of the Cabal, 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">grants a subsidy for the fleet, 260;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">action in 1673, 271-274;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">in 1674, 280, 281;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Danby's dealings with, 284-286;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">action in 1678, 290;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">dissolved, 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><a name="Convention" id="Convention"></a>the Convention, vi. 194;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its dealings with the regicides, 195, 196;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settlement of the nation, 196-198;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">of the Church, 199, 200;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dissolved, 200, 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Club, iii. 91;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Good, ii. 177, 304-307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><a name="Long_Parliament" id="Long_Parliament"></a>Long, its assembly, v. 349;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proceedings in 1640, 350, 351;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">in 1641, 352-357, 362, 363, 369-371, 373-379;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">raises an army, 377; vi. 1;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Scotland, 14, 15;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes the Covenant, 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its ecclesiastical policy, 29, 30;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiates with Charles, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards religious liberty, 45, 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposes terms to the king, 47;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sets up Presbyterianism, 50;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiates with the Army, 54;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with heresy, 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiates again with Charles, 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the Army, 65, 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its ruin, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Merciless, ii. 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Rump, vi. 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its unwillingness to dissolve, 74, 77, 81, 84, 87;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the army, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">driven out, 90, 91;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recalled, 149;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">driven out again, 150;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">second return and dissolution, 151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><a name="Short_Parliament" id="Short_Parliament"></a>the Short, v. 340, 341;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Wonderful, ii. 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1246, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1248, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1254, 73;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1257, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1258, 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1259, 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1260, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1261, 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1264, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1265, 72, 73, 75, 80, 82, 153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1266, 87;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1267, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1275, 103, 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1283, 121;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1289, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1295, 143, 154, 156, 157, 160;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1296, 160;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1309, 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1311, 189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1313, 191;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1322, 195, 196;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1327, 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1328, 205;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1340, 231;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1341, 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1351, 256, 273;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1354, 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1365, 274;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1371, 301;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1376, 289;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1377, 310, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1378, 289, 312, 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1379, 289, 316;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1380, 316;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1381, 334;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1385, 352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1386, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1388, 353;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1397, 370;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1398, 371;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1399, iii. 1;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1404, 15;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1413, 25;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1426, 91;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1447, 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1450, 68;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1451, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1454, 72;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1455, 74;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1461, 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1484, 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1485, 174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1515, 221;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1523, 244;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1529, 284, 288;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its action in 1531, 297;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">in 1534, 305;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1539, 345;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of October 1553, iv. 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of November 1554, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1559, 156, 157;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1563, 214, 215;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1570, 272;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1571, 292;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1581, 319;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1604, v. 153-155, 157, 160-163;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1610, 179-182;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1614, 195, 196;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1621, 220, 221, 225, 227-229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1624, 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1625, 245-247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1626, 249, 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1628, 259-264, 268-271;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1640, <i>see</i> Parliament, <a href="#Long_Parliament">Long</a> and <a href="#Short_Parliament">Short</a>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1654, vi. 101-106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1655, 117, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reassembles in 1658, 143;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">its strife with Cromwell, 144;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">dissolved, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1659, 148, 149;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1660, <i>see</i> Parliament, <a href="#Convention">the Convention</a>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1661, <i>see</i> Parliament, <a href="#Cavalier">the Cavalier</a>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1679, vi. 299, 300, 304-306, 308;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1680, 312, 319, 320;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1681, 322-324;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1685, vii. 7, 9, 14, 15, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1687, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1689, 60-67, 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1690, 69, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1695, 88, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-272" id="Page_8-272"></a><a href="./images/272.png">8-272</a>]</span>1699, 97, 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1701, 101-105, 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1702, 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1705, 125;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1714, 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1768, viii. 4, 7, 8, 11, 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1784, 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Irish, of 1634, v. 291, 292;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">its condition in eighteenth century, viii. 35;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">rejects free trade with England, 79, 118;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">action in question of the Regency, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Scottish, accepts Calvinism, iv. 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Drunken, vi. 180;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1543, iv. 26, 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1563, 218;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1566, 228, 229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1568, 260;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of 1703, vii. 127.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Commons">Commons</a>, <a href="#Lords">Lords</a>, <a href="#Statutes">Statutes</a></li>
+
+<li>Parma, Alexander Farnese, prince of, iv. 312, 337, 347, 348;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prepares to invade England, 356;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his difficulties, 357, 359;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">raises the siege of Paris, 370;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Rouen, 371;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 373</li>
+
+<li>Parpaglia, Papal Legate, iv. 191, 192</li>
+
+<li>Parr, Catharine, iv. 24, 56</li>
+
+<li>Parry, William, iv. 350</li>
+
+<li>Parsons, Robert, iv. 318, 320, 345</li>
+
+<li>Partition Treaty, the first, vii. 93;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">second, 96</li>
+
+<li>Passau, treaty of, iv. 65; v. 175</li>
+
+<li><i>Paston Letters</i>, ii. 180; iii. 104, 154</li>
+
+<li>Paterson, William, vii. 86</li>
+
+<li>Patrick, St., i. 68</li>
+
+<li>"Patriots," the, vii. 203, 204, 218</li>
+
+<li>Paul III., Pope, iii. 350; iv. 21, 35, 51, 64</li>
+
+<li><a name="Paul_IV" id="Paul_IV"></a>Paul IV., Pope (<i>see</i> <a href="#Caraffa">Caraffa</a>), iv. 99, 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his demands on England, 102, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">on Elizabeth, 155, 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 160</li>
+
+<li>Paul, emperor of Russia, viii. 137, 160-163</li>
+
+<li>Paulinus, St., i. 64, 67</li>
+
+<li>Pavia, battle of, iii. 250</li>
+
+<li><a name="Peasant_Revolt" id="Peasant_Revolt"></a>Peasant Revolt, the, ii. 319-332;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its results, 333-335</li>
+
+<li>Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 118</li>
+
+<li>Pecock, Bishop of Chichester, iii. 96</li>
+
+<li>Pedro the Cruel, king of Castille, ii. 282-284</li>
+
+<li>Peerage, increase of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under James I., v. 200;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Charles I., <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Charles II., 201.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Lords">Lords</a></li>
+
+<li>Peerage Bill, vii. 190, 191</li>
+
+<li>"Peep o' Day Boys," viii. 119</li>
+
+<li>Pelham, Henry, vii. 218, 226, 246, 250</li>
+
+<li>Pembroke</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surprised by the Royalists, vi. 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieged by Cromwell, 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders, 62</li>
+
+<li>Pembroke, William Herbert, first Earl of, iv. 65, 66, 70, 108, 268</li>
+
+<li>Pembroke, William Herbert, third Earl of, v. 43</li>
+
+<li>Pembroke, Thomas Herbert, eighth Earl of, vii. 23</li>
+
+<li>Pembroke, Earls of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Clare">Clare</a>, <a href="#Marshal">Marshal</a>, <a href="#Jasper_Tudor">Tudor</a>, <a href="#Valence">Valence</a></li>
+
+<li>Pembrokeshire, Flemish and English settlement in, ii. 48</li>
+
+<li>Pencrych, Richard, ii. 357</li>
+
+<li>Penda, king of Mercia, i. 66, 70-73</li>
+
+<li>Pengwern becomes Shrewsbury, i. 98</li>
+
+<li>Peninsular War, viii. 186-188, 190, 191, 199, 200, 202</li>
+
+<li>Penn, William, vi. 335</li>
+
+<li>Pennsylvania, settlement of, vi. 335; vii. 236</li>
+
+<li>Penry, John, iv. 343</li>
+
+<li>Pepys, Roger, vi. 203</li>
+
+<li>Pepys, Samuel, vi. 174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Diary</i>, 157</li>
+
+<li>Perceval, Spencer, viii. 189, 195, 196</li>
+
+<li>Perche, Thomas, count of, ii. 2</li>
+
+<li>Percies, the, ii. 378, 379; iii. 12</li>
+
+<li>Percy, Henry (Hotspur), ii. 378;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">constable of North Wales, iii. 10;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recovers Conway, 11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeats the Scots at Homildon Hill, 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plots against Henry IV., 13;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">slain, 14</li>
+
+<li>Percy, Thomas, v. 158</li>
+
+<li>P&eacute;rigord restored to Edward III., ii. 266</li>
+
+<li>Perrers, Alice, ii. 304, 306, 307</li>
+
+<li>Perth,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Convocation at, ii. 171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestant riot at, iv. 169</li>
+
+<li>Perth, James Drummond, fourth Earl of, vii. 17</li>
+
+<li>Peru conquered by Pizarro, iv. 329</li>
+
+<li>Peter the Great, Czar of Russia, vii. 189</li>
+
+<li>Peter of Savoy, ii. 32</li>
+
+<li>Peterborough</li>
+  <li class="subitem">founded, i. 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">burnt by northmen, 104</li>
+
+<li>Peterborough, John Mordaunt, first Earl of, vii. 37</li>
+
+<li>Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, second Earl of, vii. 126, 131, 133</li>
+
+<li>Peters, Hugh, vi. 28, 66</li>
+
+<li>Petition</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the Commons to Henry VIII., iii. 290;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Millenary, v. 151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Right, 260, 261;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">accepted by Charles I., 263</li>
+
+<li>Petitions</li>
+  <li class="subitem">to the king in Parliament, ii. 159;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">changed into Statutes, iii. 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Triers of, ii. 159</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-273" id="Page_8-273"></a><a href="./images/273.png">8-273</a>]</span>"Petitioners" and "Abhorrers," vi. 314</li>
+
+<li>Petrarch, his influence on Chaucer, ii. 360</li>
+
+<li>Petre, Father Edward, vii. 20</li>
+
+<li>Petty, Sir William, vi. 132, 169</li>
+
+<li>Pevensey, William the Conqueror lands at, i. 162</li>
+
+<li>Phelips, Sir Robert, v. 247, 248</li>
+
+<li>Philadelphia, Congress at, viii. 19</li>
+
+<li>Philip I., king of France, i. 190</li>
+
+<li>Philip Augustus, king of France,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">leagues with Richard against Henry II., i. 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrels with Richard, 259, 260;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plots with John, 261;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Richard, 263, 264;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquers Normandy, 268, 269;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquers Aquitaine, 270;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">charged by the Pope to depose John, 333</li>
+
+<li>Philip III., king of France, ii. 102</li>
+
+<li>Philip IV., the Fair, king of France,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his relations with Scotland, ii. 141, 160;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seizes Guienne, 142;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">truce with Edward, 168;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">treaty, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the papacy, <i>ib.</i>, 217, 224;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Royal Book</i>, iii. 161</li>
+
+<li>Philip VI., of Valois, king of France, ii. 209;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Pope and Emperor, 218;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks the Ag&eacute;nois and occupies Cambray, 219;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">withdraws, 220;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Charles of Blois in Britanny, 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">offers to restore Aquitaine, 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Cr&eacute;cy, 237-239;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fails against Edward and the Flemings, 244</li>
+
+<li>Philip, son of Charles V. (Philip II. of Spain), iv. 79, 80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king of Naples, 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Mary, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">person and manners, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy in England, 89, 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">lord of Burgundy and king of Spain, 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">leaves England, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">returns, 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with France, 108;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy towards Elizabeth, 137, 138, 154, 159, 175;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">hopes for her conversion, 190;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">compels Pius IV. to recall Parpaglia, 192;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">urges Elizabeth to send envoys to Trent, 194;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sends help to the Guises, 209;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">delays the Bull for deposition of Elizabeth, 214;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">turns towards Mary Stuart, 222;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Mary and the Pope, 254, 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">difficulties in the Netherlands, 255, 256;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses to join the French against England, 268;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his rule, 326-328;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">character, 328;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">policy, <i>ib.</i>, 329;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king of Portugal, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">assembles the Armada, 344;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">despatches it, 356;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">designs on France, 369;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sends troops to the Leaguers, 371;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sends a second Armada, v. 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Irish rising, 62</li>
+
+<li>Philip IV., king of Spain, vi. 190</li>
+
+<li>Philip, Duke of Anjou, vii. 99, 100;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king of Spain (Philip V.), 101, 141, 142, 186</li>
+
+<li>Philip, Archduke of Austria, iii. 170, 186, 208</li>
+
+<li>Philiphaugh, battle of, vi. 41</li>
+
+<li>Philippa of Hainault, wife of Edward III., ii. 198, 245-247</li>
+
+<li>Philippines,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the, conquered by England, vii. 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored to Spain, <i>ib.</i></li>
+
+<li>Philpot, John, ii. 312</li>
+
+<li>Picardy</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to Burgundy, iii. 120;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored to France, 122</li>
+
+<li>Pichegru, General, viii. 110</li>
+
+<li>Pickering, Sir Gilbert, vi. 325</li>
+
+<li>Picts, the, i. 30;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated by Hengest and Horsa, 32;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">own Ecgfrith's supremacy, 88;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">defeat him at Nectansmere, 89</li>
+
+<li><i>Piers the Ploughman</i>, ii. 178, 269-272</li>
+
+<li>Pilgrim Fathers, the, v. 308-310</li>
+
+<li>Pilgrimage of Grace, iii. 323</li>
+
+<li>Pillnitz, conference at, viii. 96</li>
+
+<li>Pinkie Cleugh, battle of, iv. 53</li>
+
+<li><a name="Pitt" id="Pitt"></a>Pitt, William, vii. 204, 220;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes treaty with Russia, 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his relations with Walpole and the Pelhams, 249-251;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his lofty spirit, 251-255;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">patriotism, 255-257;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">eloquence, 257-259;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">statesmanship, 259, 260;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Frederick II., 262, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his place among English statesmen, 275, 276;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejects peace with France and supports Frederick, 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plans of war in 1761, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns, 304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with George III. and the Whigs, 316;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">denounces the Stamp Act, 327;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recalled to office, 328;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">again withdraws, 329;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports American resistance, 331;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demands repeal of the Stamp Act, 331;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy towards America, 337;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks the Declaratory Act, 338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forms a ministry, 339, 340.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Chatham">Chatham</a></li>
+
+<li>Pitt, William, the younger, viii. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-274" id="Page_8-274"></a><a href="./images/274.png">8-274</a>]</span>52, 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Reform Bill, 63, 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Chancellor of the Exchequer, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">new scheme for parliamentary reform, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">First Lord of the Treasury, 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his temper, 70-72;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">statesmanship, 72-74;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his plans of parliamentary reform, 75, 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">finance, 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty of commerce with France, 79;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">advocates abolition of slave-trade, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists the prince's claim to the regency, 84;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards the French Revolution, 84, 86, 88, 89, 91, 95;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Fox's Libel Act, 92;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">gives a constitution to Canada, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">endeavours to maintain peace, 102, 103;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position after the declaration of war, 104, 105;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his financial difficulties, 113, 114;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations with France, 121, 126;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">introduces the Income-Tax, 137;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects union with Ireland, 138, 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his position during the war, 148-151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revives plans for Catholic emancipation in Ireland, 152-155;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">retires, 148, 155;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes Russia, 161;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to office, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">subsidizes a league against Napoleon, 172;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 173, 174</li>
+
+<li>Pittsburg, vii. 266</li>
+
+<li>Pius II., Pope, iii. 162</li>
+
+<li>Pius IV., Pope,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy, iv. 190, 191;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recalls the council to Trent, 192, 193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forbids attendance of Catholics at English Church service, 214</li>
+
+<li>Pius V., Pope, iv. 226, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Philip II., 254, 256;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sends envoys to the English Catholics, 264;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">issues a Bull for deposition of Elizabeth, 265;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sanctions the plans of Mary and Norfolk, 272</li>
+
+<li>Pius VI., Pope, viii. 136</li>
+
+<li>Pizarro, Francisco, iv. 329</li>
+
+<li>Place Bill, vii. 62, 82</li>
+
+<li>Plassey, battle of, vii. 261, 262</li>
+
+<li>Plattsburg, English attempt on, viii. 205</li>
+
+<li>Plauen, battle of, vii. 264</li>
+
+<li>Pleas,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Common, Court of, ii. 109;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the Crown, i. 264; ii. 109</li>
+
+<li>Plymouth (Massachusetts), its foundation, v. 310</li>
+
+<li>Poinet, Bishop of Winchester, iv. 119, 129, 131</li>
+
+<li>Poitiers</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captured by Henry of Derby, ii. 235;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle of, 261-263</li>
+
+<li>Poitou,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry III.'s campaign in, ii. 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to France, 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recovered by Henry of Derby, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored to Edward III., 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">won by Du Guesclin, 287</li>
+
+<li>Poland,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">contested election to the throne of, vii. 214;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">partitions of, viii. 85, 108</li>
+
+<li>Pole, Sir Geoffrey, iii. 349</li>
+
+<li>Pole, John de la, Earl of Lincoln, iii. 176</li>
+
+<li><a name="Michael_Pole" id="Michael_Pole"></a>Pole, Michael de la, Earl of Suffolk, ii. 350-353</li>
+
+<li>Pole, Reginald, iii. 333, 349; iv. 20;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his attainder reversed, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">received as Legate, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">chief minister, 98, 99;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">suspected by the Pope, 102;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">deprived of the legation, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 165</li>
+
+<li>Pole, Sir Richard, iii. 349</li>
+
+<li>Pole, William de la. <i>See</i> <a href="#William_Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li>
+
+<li>"Politicals," the, iv. 139, 141-143</li>
+
+<li>Poll-tax, ii. 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">renewed under Richard II., 316;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resistance to, 319, 321;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in 1641, v. 363</li>
+
+<li>Pont-de-l'Arche seized by Henry V., iii. 33</li>
+
+<li>Pontefract,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Thomas of Lancaster executed at, ii. 195;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Richard II. imprisoned at, iii. 7;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Pilgrimage of Grace at, 323, 324</li>
+
+<li>Ponthieu,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Harold wrecked on coast of, i. 159;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles IV. demands homage of Edward II. for, ii. 197;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">granted in full sovereignty to Edward III., 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seized by Charles V., 285</li>
+
+<li>Pontigny, St. Edmund of Canterbury at, ii. 42</li>
+
+<li>Pontlevoi, battle of, i. 212</li>
+
+<li>Pontoise,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations between France and England at, iii. 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relieved by Talbot, 56</li>
+
+<li>Poor Laws, Elizabeth's, iv. 276, 277</li>
+
+<li>Pope, Alexander, vii. 204, 217, 294-297</li>
+
+<li>Popish Plot, the, vi. 294-298, 311, 313</li>
+
+<li>Porter, John, v. 82</li>
+
+<li>Portland, Breton descent on, iii. 16</li>
+
+<li>Portland, William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, third Duke of, viii. 104, 180, 189</li>
+
+<li>Portland, Richard Weston, Earl of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Weston">Weston</a></li>
+
+<li>Port Mahon taken by the French, vii. 248</li>
+
+<li>Portmannimote, the, i. 296;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Oxford, 306, 309</li>
+
+<li>Porto Bello, capture of, vii. 219</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-275" id="Page_8-275"></a><a href="./images/275.png">8-275</a>]</span>Portreeve, the, i. 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of London, 303</li>
+
+<li>Portsmouth,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Robert of Normandy lands at, i. 200;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Bishop Moleyns of Chichester slain at, iii. 63</li>
+
+<li>Portsmouth, Louise de Qu&eacute;rouaille, Duchess of, vi. 176, 315, 321; vii. 5</li>
+
+<li>Portugal</li>
+  <li class="subitem">annexed to Spain, v. 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its colonies, 330, 336;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolts, vi. 190, 192;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins the Grand Alliance, vii. 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Napoleon, viii. 185;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Wellesley's campaigns in, 186-188, 190, 191</li>
+
+<li>Portugal, Don Antonio of, iv. 367</li>
+
+<li>"Post-nati," v. 162, 163</li>
+
+<li>Powell, Vavasour, vi. 223</li>
+
+<li>Powys</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Offa, i. 97;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">annexed by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, ii. 55</li>
+
+<li>Poynings, Sir Edward, iii. 181</li>
+
+<li>Pragmatic Sanction, the, vii. 199, 200</li>
+
+<li>Prague</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seized by Frederick II., vii. 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battles of, v. 220; vii. 248</li>
+
+<li><a name="Prayer" id="Prayer"></a>Prayer, Book of Common, iv. 49, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">set aside, 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">adopted in Scotland, 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">retained in Essex, 144;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored, 158;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">declared schismatic by the Pope, 214;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">bill for its reform, 292;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored again, vi. 208;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Scottish, of 1636, v. 327, 328</li>
+
+<li>Preachers, "poor," ii. 317, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">unlicensed, forbidden by Convocation, iii. 20, 21</li>
+
+<li><a name="Presbyterianism" id="Presbyterianism"></a>Presbyterianism in England</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Elizabeth, iv. 294, 296;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attempts to establish it, v. 58;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its relations with Puritanism, 59, 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">established in Scotland, 137, 138, 140, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Long Parliament's relations with, 354, 355; vi. 14, 50;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">re-established in Scotland, vii. 54</li>
+
+<li>Presbyterians,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their hostility to the sectaries, vi. 45;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dominant position after the Restoration, 193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Clarendon's policy towards, 207;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">Charles II.'s, 209</li>
+
+<li>Press,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">censorship of, iv. 343;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">liberty of, established, vi. 305;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of its power, viii. 11-13</li>
+
+<li>Preston,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle of, vi. 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrender of Jacobites at, vii. 184</li>
+
+<li>Prestonpans, battle of, vii. 228</li>
+
+<li>"Pride's Purge," vi. 65</li>
+
+<li>"Priests, Simple," ii. 317, 339</li>
+
+<li>Primers, English, iv. 40</li>
+
+<li>Printing, introduction of, iii. 155</li>
+
+<li>Prior, Matthew, vii. 138</li>
+
+<li>Privy Seals, Elizabeth's, iv. 233</li>
+
+<li>Proclamations, James I.'s use of, v. 168, 172</li>
+
+<li>"Protector," office of, offered to Oliver Cromwell, vi. 100</li>
+
+<li><a name="Protestantism" id="Protestantism"></a>Protestantism,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its area at accession of Pius V., iv. 249, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in England, its advance under Edward VI., 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects of its spread among the people, 121, 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth under Elizabeth, 292, 302-305;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">position at her death, v. 107-109;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Germany, growth after Peace of Passau, 175;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">progress in Scotland, iv. 168, 169</li>
+
+<li><a name="Protestants" id="Protestants"></a>Protestants, English,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">More's dealings with, iii. 289;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their outrages, 343-345;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their position after Cromwell's fall, iv. 15, 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their outrages, 91, 97;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">martyrdoms, 91-96, 144;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth of extreme views among, 119, 120;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards the royal supremacy, 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">position under Elizabeth, 149;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refugees, their leaning to Calvinism, 127;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">strife among, <i>ib.</i>, 128;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their writings, 128, 129, 133;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">foreign, in England, 51, 74, 305;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">German, Union of, v. 177</li>
+
+<li>Protestation of the Parliament to James I., v. 228, 229</li>
+
+<li>Provisions</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Oxford, ii. 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Westminster, 62;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">annulled by the Pope, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">by Mise of Amiens, 68</li>
+
+<li>Prussia,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its alliance with England and France, vii. 199;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by Napoleon, viii. 174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rises against him, 201</li>
+
+<li>Prynne, John, v. 305, 306, 329, 352</li>
+
+<li>Pucklechurch, Eadmund the Magnificent slain at, i. 123</li>
+
+<li>Puiset, Hugh, Bishop of Durham, i. 260</li>
+
+<li>Pulteney, William, vii. 204</li>
+
+<li>Puritanism,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its beginnings, iv. 132, 133, 339;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its relations with Presbyterianism, v. 59, 60;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Calvinism, 86-88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth among the people, 88, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">among the clergy, 89, 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relation to politics, 91-93;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">influence on society, 94-95;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">on conduct, 95-97;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its relation to culture, 97, 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its narrowness, 101, 102;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-276" id="Page_8-276"></a><a href="./images/276.png">8-276</a>]</span>its extravagance, 102-104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its persecution of witches, 106, 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its doctrinal bigotry, 115;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">hatred of sectaries, 116-118;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">wish for reforms, 118, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its ideal of the State, vi. 127, 128;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its political failure, 129;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">reaction from, <i>ib.</i>, 130, 142, 143, 162-165;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its fall, 153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its after-results, 154;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its epic, 235-237</li>
+
+<li>Puritans,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Elizabeth's relations with, iv. 339, 340;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their temper at her death, v. 109, 110;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">appeal to James I., 151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Laud's dealings with, 295-297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their panic, 301, 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">migration to America, 310-314, 319, 320;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles II.'s dealings with, vi. 208, 209</li>
+
+<li>"Purveyance," ii. 290, 298</li>
+
+<li>Pym, John, v. 262, 344, 345;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his political theory, 346, 347;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">genius, 347, 348;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">carries Strafford's impeachment, 350;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposals for Church reform, 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">one of the "five members," 373;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">member of Committee of Public Safety, vi. 1;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists the abolition of Episcopacy, 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">agrees to the adoption of the Covenant, 14, 15;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 17;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">outrage on his corpse, 201</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Quakers,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">persecution of, vi. 230, 231;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their settlement in Pennsylvania, 335</li>
+
+<li>Quarles, Francis, v. 303</li>
+
+<li>Quebec, capture of, vii. 267, 268</li>
+
+<li>Queen's County, English settlement of, iv. 111</li>
+
+<li>Queensberry, William Douglas, first Duke of, vii. 19</li>
+
+<li>Quiberon, battle of, vii. 265</li>
+
+<li>Quinci, Saher de, Earl of Winchester, i. 343</li>
+
+<li>"Quo warranto," ii. 117</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Rachentege, i. 221</li>
+
+<li>Radnor captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 10</li>
+
+<li>R&aelig;dwald, king of East Anglia, i. 59, 62</li>
+
+<li>Rahere founds St. Bartholomew's Priory, i. 223</li>
+
+<li>Raikes, Robert, viii. 47</li>
+
+<li>Raleigh, Sir Walter,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">discovers Virginia, iv. 345; v. 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sent to the Tower, 215;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">last expedition, <i>ib.</i>, 216;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 216;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>History of the World</i>, 4;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Lives of</i>, iv. 5</li>
+
+<li>Ralph Niger, i. 174</li>
+
+<li>Ramillies, battle of, vii. 126</li>
+
+<li><a name="Randolph" id="Randolph"></a>Randolph, Sir Thomas, ii. 204, 210.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Moray">Moray</a></li>
+
+<li>Rastadt, treaty of, vii. 141</li>
+
+<li>Rat&aelig; (Leicester), i. 37</li>
+
+<li>Ratisbon, conference at, iv. 101</li>
+
+<li>Ravenspur,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry of Lancaster lands at, ii. 379;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward IV. lands at, iii. 141</li>
+
+<li>Ray, John, vi. 167</li>
+
+<li>Reading, John Cook, abbot of, hanged, iii. 350</li>
+
+<li>Redman, Robert, his <i>Life of Henry V.</i>, ii. 179</li>
+
+<li>Reeves</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of towns, i. 296;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of royal demesnes, summoned to council at St. Albans, 339</li>
+
+<li>Reformation</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in England, iv. 58-60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Ireland, 62, 63.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Calvinism">Calvinism</a>, <a href="#Calvinists">Calvinists</a>, <a href="#Huguenots">Huguenots</a>, <a href="#Lutherans">Lutherans</a>, <a href="#Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, <a href="#Protestants">Protestants</a></li>
+
+<li>Reginald, sub-prior of Canterbury, chosen archbishop, i. 329</li>
+
+<li>Religion</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the old English people, i. 22-24;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Christian, <i>see</i> <a href="#Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="#Church">Church</a>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revival in twelfth century, 222</li>
+
+<li>Remonstrance,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Grand, v. 369, 370;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the Council of officers, vi. 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">on the State of the Realm, v. 262, 264</li>
+
+<li>Renascence, the, iii. 188-190, 195;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its influence on English literature, v. 1-3</li>
+
+<li>R&eacute;ole, La, captured by Henry of Derby, ii. 234</li>
+
+<li>Representation,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">principle of, in old England, i. 20;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">parliamentary, its origin, ii. 149, 150</li>
+
+<li>Representation, Humble, of the army, vi. 53</li>
+
+<li>Repyngdon, follower of Wyclif, ii. 340, 341</li>
+
+<li>Requesens, governor of the Netherlands, iv. 300, 301, 310</li>
+
+<li>Reresby's <i>Memoirs</i>, vi. 157</li>
+
+<li>"Reserves," Papal, ii. 28</li>
+
+<li>Revolution,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the English, its effect on the monarchy, vii. 60;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">on Parliament, 62;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">on the Church, 63, 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the French, <i>see</i> <a href="#France">France</a></li>
+
+<li>Reynolds, Edward, Bishop of Norwich, vi. 200</li>
+
+<li>Rhode Island, settlement of, v. 313</li>
+
+<li>Rhys ap Tewdor, Prince of South Wales, i. 246; ii. 48</li>
+
+<li>Rich, Edmund. <i>See</i> <a href="#Edmund_Rich">Edmund</a></li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-277" id="Page_8-277"></a><a href="./images/277.png">8-277</a>]</span>Richard (I.),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">born at Oxford, i. 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rebels against Henry II., 254, 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowned, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">releases the Scot-king from homage, ii. 134;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crusade, i. 259, 261;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prisoner, 261;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">homage to the emperor, 262;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">return, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">exactions for his ransom, 350;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Philip Augustus, <i>ib.</i>, 264;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">builds Ch&acirc;teau-Gaillard, 265-267;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 267, 268</li>
+
+<li>Richard (II.), son of the Black Prince, ii. 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his claim to the succession questioned, 306;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">acknowledged by Parliament, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with the Peasant Revolt, 322-324, 331, 332;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his person, character, and policy, 350, 351;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposition to the Parliament, 352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Gloucester, 353, 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his rule, 354, 355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign in Ireland, 367, 378;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">change in his temper, 368;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marries Isabella of France, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with the Commons, 370, 371;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">tyranny, 372;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seizes Lancastrian estates, 373;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">second expedition to Ireland, 379;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">return, 380;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">betrayed to Henry of Lancaster, 381;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">deposed, iii. 1;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prisoner at Pomfret, 7;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 8;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">burial, 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">authorities for his reign, ii. 178, 179</li>
+
+<li><a name="Richard_III" id="Richard_III"></a>Richard (III.), Duke of Gloucester,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">patron of Caxton, iii. 161, 163;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">expedition to Scotland, 163;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protector, 164;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">King, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising against him, 167;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy, 168, 169, 171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 172</li>
+
+<li><a name="Richard" id="Richard"></a>Richard, Earl of Cornwall, ii. 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">heads reforming party among the barons, 37;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king of the Romans, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">taken prisoner, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">spared, by the younger Simon, 80;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">intercedes for him, 85</li>
+
+<li>Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy, i. 155, 156</li>
+
+<li>Richard Fitz-Neal. <i>See</i> <a href="#FitzNeal">Fitz-Neal</a></li>
+
+<li>Richard of Devizes, i. 174</li>
+
+<li>Richardson, Chief-Justice, v. 297</li>
+
+<li>Richardson, Samuel, vii. 297</li>
+
+<li>Richelieu, Cardinal, v. 274, 338, 339</li>
+
+<li>Richelieu, Duke of, vii. 248</li>
+
+<li><a name="Richmond" id="Richmond"></a>Richmond, Edmund Tudor, Earl of, iii. 165</li>
+
+<li>Richmond, Margaret, Countess of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Margaret_Beaufort">Beaufort</a></li>
+
+<li>Ridley, Bishop of London, iv. 91</li>
+
+<li>Ridolfi, Robert, iv. 265, 272, 273</li>
+
+<li>Right,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Claim of, vii. 51;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Petition of, v. 260, 261, 263</li>
+
+<li><i>Rights, Book of</i>, i. 8</li>
+
+<li>Rights, Declaration of, vii. 46, 47, 60</li>
+
+<li>Rishanger, chronicler, i. 273, 274</li>
+
+<li>Rising, Castle, Queen Isabella imprisoned at, ii. 207</li>
+
+<li><a name="Sir_Rivers" id="Sir_Rivers"></a>Rivers, Sir Richard Woodville, first earl (<i>see</i> <a href="#Richard_Woodville">Woodville</a>), iii. 127, 134</li>
+
+<li><a name="Anthony_Rivers" id="Anthony_Rivers"></a>Rivers, Anthony Woodville, second earl (<i>see</i> <a href="#Scales">Scales</a>), iii. 161-163</li>
+
+<li>Rivoli, battle of, viii. 125</li>
+
+<li>Rizzio, David, iv. 222, 226, 228</li>
+
+<li>Robartes, Richard, first Lord, v. 200</li>
+
+<li>Robartes, John, second Lord, vi. 220, 301</li>
+
+<li>Robert I., king of Scots. <i>See</i> <a href="#Bruce">Bruce</a></li>
+
+<li>Robert (II.), Steward of Scotland, ii. 213;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, 286</li>
+
+<li>Robert III., king of Scots, iii. 7, 15, 16</li>
+
+<li>Robert (the Magnificent), Duke of Normandy, i. 157</li>
+
+<li>Robert, son of William the Conqueror, i. 190;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Duke of Normandy, 191;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">pledges Normandy to Rufus, 197;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes on crusade, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">returns, 198;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invades England, 200, 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Tenchebray, 202</li>
+
+<li><a name="Robert" id="Robert"></a>Robert, Earl of Gloucester, i. 216, 217, 219, 220</li>
+
+<li>Robespierre, Maximilien, viii. 96</li>
+
+<li>Robinson, John, v. 308</li>
+
+<li>Rochelle, La,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protests against severance from France, ii. 280;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrendered to France, 287;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attempt to relieve it, 291;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolts, v. 256;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">siege of, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English expeditions to, 259, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders, 266, 274</li>
+
+<li>Roches, Peter des, Bishop of Winchester and justiciar, i. 341, 347; ii. 32, 34</li>
+
+<li>Rochester</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders to William the Red, i. 192;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">to John, 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">diocese of, i. 83</li>
+
+<li><a name="Robert_Rochester" id="Robert_Rochester"></a>Rochester, Robert Carr, Viscount, v. 190-193.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Robert_Somerset">Somerset</a></li>
+
+<li>Rochester, Laurence Hyde, Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Lawrence_Hyde">Hyde</a>), vii. 2, 20, 98</li>
+
+<li>Rochester, John Wilmot, second Earl of, vi. 162</li>
+
+<li>Rockingham, Charles Watson <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-278" id="Page_8-278"></a><a href="./images/278.png">8-278</a>]</span>Wentworth, second Marquis of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prime minister, vii. 329, 331;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Burke, 332;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns, 339;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">draws away from Chatham, viii. 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to office, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes reform, 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 65</li>
+
+<li>Rocroi, battle of, vi. 190</li>
+
+<li>Rodney, Admiral, viii. 40</li>
+
+<li>Roger, Bishop of Salisbury and justiciar, i. 215, 218, 219</li>
+
+<li>Roger (the Poor), chancellor, i. 218</li>
+
+<li>Rogers, John, iv. 91, 95</li>
+
+<li><i>Roland, Song of</i>, i. 163</li>
+
+<li>Romance, growth of, i. 246, 247</li>
+
+<li>Romances,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the French, ii. 357;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">their influence on Chaucer, 360</li>
+
+<li>Rome,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">disappearance of its influence in England, i. 41, 44, 45;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns with Augustine, 58, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">&AElig;lfred's intercourse with, 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">stormed by the Duke of Bourbon, iii. 269</li>
+
+<li>Romorantin taken by the Black Prince, ii. 261</li>
+
+<li>Romsey, Abbey of, i. 199</li>
+
+<li>Rookwood of Euston Hall, iv. 308</li>
+
+<li>Roper's <i>Life of More</i>, iii. 83</li>
+
+<li>Rosbecque, battle of, ii. 349</li>
+
+<li>Roses, Wars of the,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their beginning, iii. 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their results, 86, 87</li>
+
+<li>Ross, General, viii. 204</li>
+
+<li>Rossbach, battle of, vii. 263</li>
+
+<li>Rostopchin, Count, viii. 162</li>
+
+<li>Roucoux, battle of, vii. 231</li>
+
+<li>Rouen,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">William I. dies at, i. 190;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieged by Lewis VII., 254, 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Arthur murdered at, 268;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">siege of, by Henry V., iii. 33, 34;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Jeanne d'Arc burnt at, 54;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry VI.'s court at, 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieged by Henry IV. of France, iv. 371;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relieved by Parma, <i>ib.</i></li>
+
+<li>Rouergue restored to Edward III., ii. 266</li>
+
+<li>"Roundheads," v. 372</li>
+
+<li>Roundway Down, battle of, vi. 6</li>
+
+<li>Royal Society, its beginnings, vi. 132, 165, 166</li>
+
+<li>Rudolf II., Emperor, v. 177</li>
+
+<li>Runnymede, i. 347</li>
+
+<li>Rupert, Prince,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captures Brentford, vi. 3;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his raid on Buckinghamshire, 9, 10;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Bristol surrenders to, 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Marston Moor, 19, 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">commands royalist ships, 71, 78;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Blake, 78;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sea-fights with the Dutch, 238, 277;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to the Council, 278;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his "drops," 166</li>
+
+<li>Rushworth's collection of State papers, v. 72</li>
+
+<li><a name="Russell" id="Russell"></a>Russell, John, Lord, iv. 47, 56.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#John_Bedford">Bedford</a></li>
+
+<li>Russell, William, Lord,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">head of the Country party, vi. 272;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">correspondence with Barillon, 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes office, 300;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports the Exclusion, 306;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns, 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">beheaded, 337;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his attainder reversed, vii. 66</li>
+
+<li>Russell, Edward,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">signs the invitation to William III., vii. 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to the Hague, 37;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">commands the fleet, 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at La Hogue, 78;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">member of the Junto, 85, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns, 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">impeached, 105</li>
+
+<li>Russia,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its alliance with Maria Theresa, vii. 246;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with George II., 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invaded by Napoleon, 198, 200</li>
+
+<li>Russia Company, iv. 284</li>
+
+<li>Ruthin burnt by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 10</li>
+
+<li>Ruthven, Patrick, third Lord, iv. 225, 228, 230</li>
+
+<li><a name="Rutland" id="Rutland"></a>Rutland, Edward, Earl of (Duke of Albemarle), iii. 7, 8.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Albemarle">Albemarle</a></li>
+
+<li>Rutland, Edmund, Earl of, iii. 78</li>
+
+<li>Rutland, John Manners, ninth Earl of, vii. 23</li>
+
+<li>Ruyter, Admiral De,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his fights with Blake, vi. 88, 115;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Monk and Rupert, 238;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with the Duke of York, 268</li>
+
+<li>Rye-House plot, vi. 337</li>
+
+<li>Rygge, Robert, chancellor of Oxford, ii. 340</li>
+
+<li>Ryswick, Peace of, vii. 90, 91</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Sacheverell, Dr., vii. 137</li>
+
+<li>Sackville, Lord John, vii. 265</li>
+
+<li>S&aelig;berht, king of the East Saxons, i. 59</li>
+
+<li>St. Albans,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">risings of townsfolk at, ii. 84, 322, 325, 330-332;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battles at, iii. 73, 74, 78;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">chroniclers of, i. 174, 273; ii. 43, 177;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">council at, i. 339;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament at, ii. 66</li>
+
+<li>St. Andrews, Cardinal Beaton murdered at, iv. 33</li>
+
+<li>St. Asaph's, John Trevor, bishop of, iii. 10</li>
+
+<li>St. Cloud, battle of, iii. 23</li>
+
+<li>St. Domingo</li>
+  <li class="subitem">discovered, iv. 329;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English descent on, vi. 117</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-279" id="Page_8-279"></a><a href="./images/279.png">8-279</a>]</span>St. Edmundsbury,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">abbey of, i. 104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">town of, 311-313;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle near, 254;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">meeting of barons at, 344;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">strife of town and abbey, ii. 325-330</li>
+
+<li><a name="St_John" id="St_John"></a>St. John, Henry, vii. 124;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his political writings, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to office, 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">intrigues against Marlborough, 140.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Bolingbroke">Bolingbroke</a></li>
+
+<li>St. John, Oliver, v. 341, vi. 81</li>
+
+<li>St. Leger, Sir Anthony, iv. 62</li>
+
+<li>St. Lucia conquered by England, vii. 307</li>
+
+<li>St. Malo, John of Gaunt defeated at, ii. 315</li>
+
+<li>Saintonge</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restored to Edward III., ii. 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">won by Du Guesclin, 287</li>
+
+<li>St. Pierre, Eustache de, ii. 245</li>
+
+<li>St. Pol, Waleran, count of, iii. 6</li>
+
+<li>St. Quentin, battle of, iv. 108</li>
+
+<li>St. Ruth, General, vii. 73</li>
+
+<li>St. Vincent, Cape, battles of, viii. 40, 127</li>
+
+<li>St. Vincent, island of, conquered by England, vii. 307</li>
+
+<li>Saladin tithe, i. 257</li>
+
+<li>Salamanca, battle of, viii. 199, 200</li>
+
+<li>Salisbury,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">cathedral at, ii. 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96</li>
+
+<li>Salisbury, Margaret, countess of, iii. 349</li>
+
+<li>Salisbury, Robert Cecil, first earl of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Robert_Cecil">Cecil</a></li>
+
+<li>Salisbury, James Cecil, third earl of, vi. 288</li>
+
+<li>Salisbury, William Longsword, earl of, i. 337, 342, 343, 345</li>
+
+<li>Salisbury, William de Montacute, second earl of, ii. 306, 345, 352</li>
+
+<li>Salisbury, John de Montacute, third earl of, ii. 380; iii. 8, 9</li>
+
+<li>Salisbury, Thomas de Montacute, fourth earl of, iii. 45</li>
+
+<li>Salisbury, Richard Neville, earl of, iii. 73, 74, 75, 78, 112</li>
+
+<li>Salt-springs in Worcestershire, ii. 107</li>
+
+<li>Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, vii. 30, 45, 65</li>
+
+<li>Sanders, Nicholas, iv. 316</li>
+
+<li>Sandwich, Edward Montagu, first earl of, vi. 193, 214</li>
+
+<li><i>San Graal</i>, poem of the, i. 174, 247</li>
+
+<li>San Sebastian, siege of, viii. 202</li>
+
+<li>Santa Cruz, Blake's victory at, vi. 124</li>
+
+<li>Saratoga, Burgoyne's surrender at, viii. 26</li>
+
+<li>Sardinia</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Spain, vii. 187;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the duke of Savoy made king of, 188</li>
+
+<li>Sarsfield, Patrick, vii. 72, 73</li>
+
+<li>Sarum, Old, captured by the West Saxons, i. 37</li>
+
+<li>Saunders, Lawrence, iv. 91</li>
+
+<li>Sautre, William, iii. 5</li>
+
+<li>Savile, Sir Henry, v. 229</li>
+
+<li>Savile, Sir John, v. 284</li>
+
+<li>Savoy</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins the Grand Alliance, vii. 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins the Triple Alliance, 187, 188</li>
+
+<li>"Savoy," the, ii. 32, 263, 321;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conference at, vi. 204</li>
+
+<li>Saxe, Marshal, vii. 226, 231</li>
+
+<li>Saxons,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their early home, i. 10;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attack Britain, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#East_Saxons">East Saxons</a>, <a href="#Middle_Saxons">Middle Saxons</a>, <a href="#South_Saxons">South Saxons</a>, <a href="#West_Saxons">West Saxons</a></li>
+
+<li>Saxony, Frederic III., elector of, iii. 254</li>
+
+<li>Saxony, Maurice, Duke of, iv. 50, 51, 64</li>
+
+<li>Say and Sele, James Fiennes, first Lord, iii. 66</li>
+
+<li>Saye and Sele, William Fiennes, first Viscount, v. 320, 354, 358; vi. 194</li>
+
+<li><a name="Scales" id="Scales"></a>Scales, Anthony Woodville, Lord, iii. 130, 131.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Anthony_Rivers">Rivers</a></li>
+
+<li>Scarborough,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Piers Gaveston besieged in, ii. 190;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">peasant revolt at, 324</li>
+
+<li>Schmalkald, League of, iii. 336; iv. 36, 50</li>
+
+<li>Scholasticism, ii. 21, 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its political influence, 22, 23</li>
+
+<li>Schomberg, duke of, vii. 70, 71</li>
+
+<li>Schools,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English language supersedes French in, ii. 356, 357;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">founded by &AElig;lfred, i. 114;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Henry VIII., iii. 200, 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Edward VI., 201; iv. 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Elizabeth, iii. 201;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Bec, i. 159;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Canterbury, 92;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Jarrow, 91;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at York, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the Friars, ii. 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Sunday, viii. 47</li>
+
+<li>Science, physical,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Roger Bacon's plea for, ii. 20;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its beginnings in England, iii. 190; vi. 131, 132, 166, 167</li>
+
+<li>Scone,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowning-place of the Scottish kings, ii. 162;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Robert Bruce crowned at, 173;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward Balliol crowned at, 210;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles II. crowned at, vi. 82.</li>
+
+<li>Scotland,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its relations with William the Conqueror, i. 189;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-280" id="Page_8-280"></a><a href="./images/280.png">8-280</a>]</span>with William Rufus, 197;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">three divisions of the kingdom, ii. 131;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with England in eleventh and twelfth centuries, 132-134;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English claims to its homage, 134, 135;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">claimants of the crown, 136;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward I. acknowledged as its overlord, 137;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">question of appeals from, 140;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with France during Hundred Years' War, 141, 197, 213;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Edward I., 161;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rises against him, 167-170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its overlordship claimed by the Pope, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward's first conquest and settlement of, 171, 172;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">his plan for its representation in English Parliament, 171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rises again, 173;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Bruce's successes in, 191-193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">truce with England, 196;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">renewed strife, 204;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its independence recognized, 205;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Edward III., 210-214;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">David Bruce's plans for the succession, 264;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Henry IV., iii. 7, 9;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Owen Glyndwr, 11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition after Neville's Cross, 182, 183;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with France and England, 184;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Henry VII., 185;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition after 1524, iv. 22, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league with France, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Henry VIII., 26-28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Hertford's invasion of, 29;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Somerset's relations with, 52, 53;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestantism in, 111, 112, 115, 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under Mary of Guise and the Lords of the Congregation, 168, 169;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">strife of religions in, 218;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">unites against Mary, 245;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition during minority of James VI., v. 122, 124;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">work of the Stuarts in, 125, 126;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">political effect of the Reformation in, 127;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character and rise of the people, 129, 130, 135;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposal for its union with England, 154;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Charles I., 325-328, 330, 333, 334;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolution in, 334, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising in, 337;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seeks help of France, 338, 339;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Charles, 341, 342;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">pacification, 363;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles I. in, <i>ib.</i>, 364;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with the English Parliament, vi. 14, 16;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first union with England, 85, 108;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its first representation in the English Parliament, 99, 101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under Cromwell, 108, 109;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its union with England dissolved, 180;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Covenant abolished and Episcopacy restored in, 181;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy of Lauderdale in, 259;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condition under James II., vii. 16, 17;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">William III. recognized as king in, 51;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Jacobite risings in, 52, 183, 228-230;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Presbyterianism restored in, 54;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">union with England, 127-129</li>
+
+<li>Scots, i. 31;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submit to Eadward the Elder, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league with Cumbrians and Welsh against &AElig;thelstan, 119, 120;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with Eadmund, 123;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquer northern Northumbria, 146;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">cession of Lothian to, its results, 147;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invade England, 217, 254;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their mode of warfare, ii. 204, 205;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recapture Berwick, 259, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Homildon Hill, iii. 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besiege York, vi. 18;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besiege Newcastle, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">give up Charles I. to the Parliament, 49;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invade England again, 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Preston, <i>ib.</i></li>
+
+<li>Scrope, Henry, Lord, iii. 30</li>
+
+<li>Scrope, Richard, Archbishop of York, iii. 18</li>
+
+<li>Scutage, i. 233, 257, 344, 350, 351; ii. 104</li>
+
+<li>"Sea-dogs," the, iv. 331-333</li>
+
+<li>Sectaries,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their rise, v. 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in London, vi. 28</li>
+
+<li>Sedgemoor, battle of, vii. 10</li>
+
+<li>Sedley, Sir Charles, vi. 163</li>
+
+<li>Selden, John, v. 306, 322</li>
+
+<li>Seminary priests, the, iv. 307-309, 354;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">banished, v. 156</li>
+
+<li>Senlac, i. 162, 163</li>
+
+<li>Serfs, manumission of, i. 325.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Villeins">Villeins</a></li>
+
+<li>Seven Years' War,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its beginning, vii. 248;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its importance, 273-275;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its end, 307</li>
+
+<li>Seville, Treaty of, vii. 200</li>
+
+<li>Seymour, Sir Edward, vi. 253</li>
+
+<li>Seymour, Jane, iii. 326, 351</li>
+
+<li>Seymour, Thomas, Lord, iv. 47, 56</li>
+
+<li><a name="Shaftesbury" id="Shaftesbury"></a>Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley, Cooper, first earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Ashley">Ashley Cooper</a>),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Chancellor, vi. 271;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">speech on the war, 272;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the king, 275;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">change of policy, 276, 277;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismissed, 278;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his plans, 279, 280;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">committed to the Tower, 288;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">released, 295;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards the Popish plot, 295-297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">correspondence with Barillon, 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-281" id="Page_8-281"></a><a href="./images/281.png">8-281</a>]</span>President of the Council, 300;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports the Exclusion, 306, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">project for Monmouth's succession, 309, 310;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismissed again, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revives the plot, 312, 313;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Charles, 313-315, 321, 324;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arrested, 324;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">bill of his indictment thrown out, 334;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">popularity in London, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">flight and death, 336</li>
+
+<li>Shakspere, William,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his early life, v. 27-31;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">first plays, 31-35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">historical plays, 35-36, 38-40;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards religion, 37, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">political sympathies, 39, 40;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prosperity, 41, 42;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">gloom, 42-44;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">last plays, 45, 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demand for his works in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, vii. 292</li>
+
+<li>Sharp, Rev. Dr., vii. 18</li>
+
+<li>Shaxton, bishop of Salisbury, iii. 336, 347</li>
+
+<li><a name="Shelburne" id="Shelburne"></a>Shelburne, William Fitzmaurice, second earl of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">President of the Board of Trade, vii. 315-319;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protests against the prosecution of Wilkes, 318;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns, 319;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">advocates repeal of the Stamp Act, 331, 338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes office under Chatham, 340;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns office, viii. 6;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">heads a ministry, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">makes peace with America, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns, 66.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Lansdowne">Lansdowne</a></li>
+
+<li>Sheldon, Archbishop of Canterbury, vi. 162</li>
+
+<li>Sheriffmuir, battle of, vii. 183</li>
+
+<li>Sheriffs,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their position under William I., i. 185;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">appointment regulated by Provisions of Oxford, ii. 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">functions in the shire-court, 149;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">disqualified from serving in Parliament, 300</li>
+
+<li>Ship-money, v. 317;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Laud's developement of, 318;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Hampden's resistance to, 323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its legality asserted by the judges, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">trial of Hampden's case, 324, 330;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">judgement on, 331;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">declared illegal, 352</li>
+
+<li>Shires, i. 185;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restriction of franchise in, iii. 101, 102;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the six, of York, i. 295</li>
+
+<li>Shire-court. <i>See</i> <a href="#County_court">County Court</a></li>
+
+<li>Shire-reeves, i. 131</li>
+
+<li>Shirley, James, v. 303</li>
+
+<li>Shore, Jane, iii. 117</li>
+
+<li>Shrewsbury (Pengwern), i. 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">castle at, 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reduced by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, ii. 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament at, 121, 371;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle of, iii. 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles I. at, vi. 2</li>
+
+<li><a name="Shrewsbury" id="Shrewsbury"></a>Shrewsbury, John Talbot, first Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Talbot">Talbot</a>), iii. 70, 71</li>
+
+<li>Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, twelfth Earl and first Duke of, vii. 23, 28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">signs the invitation to William, 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sends him funds, 37;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Secretary of State, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiates with James, 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">member of the Junto, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">President of the Council, 146</li>
+
+<li>Shropshire ravaged by the Welsh, iii. 19</li>
+
+<li>Sicily,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crown of, offered to Edmund of England, ii. 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to Savoy, vii. 142, 186;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Spain, 187</li>
+
+<li><a name="Sidmouth" id="Sidmouth"></a>Sidmouth, Henry Addington, first Viscount (<i>see</i> <a href="#Addington">Addington</a>), viii. 174, 179, 183</li>
+
+<li>Sidney, Algernon,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports the Independents, vi. 45;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Lewis XIV., 229, 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">holds meetings with Monmouth, etc., 336;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">beheaded, 337;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his attainder reversed, vii. 66</li>
+
+<li>Sidney, Sir Henry, iv. 241</li>
+
+<li>Sidney, Sir Philip, v. 6, 7, 11, 12</li>
+
+<li>Sikhs, the, vii. 234</li>
+
+<li>Simeon of Durham, i. 6, 173, 243</li>
+
+<li>Simnel, Lambert, iii. 176</li>
+
+<li>Siward, Earl of Northumbria, i. 150, 152, 153</li>
+
+<li>Sixtus V., Pope, iv. 353</li>
+
+<li>Skeffington, Lord Deputy in Ireland, iii. 328</li>
+
+<li>Skelton, John, iii. 273; iv. 43</li>
+
+<li>Slanning, Sir Nicholas, vi. 6</li>
+
+<li><a name="Slave" id="Slave"></a>Slave-trade</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at Bristol, i. 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negro, its beginning, iv. 283;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in the eighteenth century, viii. 52;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposals for its abolition, <i>ib.</i>, 79;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">abolished, 178, 179</li>
+
+<li>Slavery</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Old England, i. 16, 17;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies out, 321, 322</li>
+
+<li>Sluys, sea-fight off, ii. 228</li>
+
+<li>Smerwick, slaughter of its garrison, iv. 316</li>
+
+<li>Smith, Adam, viii. 73</li>
+
+<li>Smith, John, settler of Virginia, v. 307</li>
+
+<li>Smith, Sir Sidney, viii. 141</li>
+
+<li>Smithfield,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Priory of St. Bartholomew at, i. 223;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop Boniface's visitation of, ii. 32</li>
+
+<li>Smollett, Tobias, vii. 297</li>
+
+<li>Snowdon, Lords of, ii. 53</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-282" id="Page_8-282"></a><a href="./images/282.png">8-282</a>]</span>Solway Moss, battle of, iv. 25</li>
+
+<li>Somers, John, vii. 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">member of the Junto, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Keeper, 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">retires, 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">impeached, 105;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arranges the Union with Scotland, 128;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">President of the Council, 133;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">of the Royal Society, vi. 166;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, vii. 182</li>
+
+<li>Somerset</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by West Saxons, i. 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rises against William I., 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">lead-mines in, 30</li>
+
+<li><a name="John_Somerset" id="John_Somerset"></a>Somerset, John Beaufort, Earl of, (Marquis of Dorset), iii. 7</li>
+
+<li>Somerset, John Beaufort, first Duke of, iii. 59</li>
+
+<li><a name="Edmund_Somerset" id="Edmund_Somerset"></a>Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, second Duke of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Edmund_Beaufort">Beaufort</a>),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Regent of France, iii. 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recalled, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arrested, 68;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">released, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">captain of Calais, 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">committed to the Tower, 71, 72;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">released, 72;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">slain, 74</li>
+
+<li>Somerset, Henry Beaufort, third Duke of, iii. 78, 80, 126</li>
+
+<li>Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, fourth Duke of, iii. 140, 143-145</li>
+
+<li><a name="Robert_Somerset" id="Robert_Somerset"></a>Somerset, Robert Carr, Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Robert_Rochester">Rochester</a>), v. 193, 204-207</li>
+
+<li><a name="Edward_Somerset" id="Edward_Somerset"></a>Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Hertford">Hertford</a>), iv. 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protector, 47;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy, 48, 53, 54;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Scotland, 52;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Pinkie Cleugh, 513;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolts against, 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his misrule, 56;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fall, 57;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">beheaded, 65</li>
+
+<li>Somerset, Charles Seymour, sixth Duke of, vii. 21, 146</li>
+
+<li>Somerset, Frances, Countess of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Howard">Howard</a></li>
+
+<li>Somerset, Margaret, Duchess of, iii. 161</li>
+
+<li>Somerton captured by &AElig;thelbald, i. 91</li>
+
+<li>Somerville, plotter, iv. 350</li>
+
+<li>Soranzo's <i>Despatches</i>, iv. 3</li>
+
+<li>Sophia, Electress of Hanover, vii. 103, 144</li>
+
+<li>Soult, Marshal, viii. 188, 200, 202</li>
+
+<li><a name="Southampton" id="Southampton"></a>Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, first Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Wriothesley">Wriothesley</a>), iv. 47</li>
+
+<li>Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of, v. 41, 43</li>
+
+<li>Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, fourth Earl of, vi. 193, 244</li>
+
+<li><a name="South_Engle" id="South_Engle"></a>South-Engle, i. 37, 119</li>
+
+<li>Southey, Robert, viii. 135</li>
+
+<li>South-folk, i. 42</li>
+
+<li><a name="South_Saxons" id="South_Saxons"></a>South-Saxons, kingdom of, i. 34</li>
+
+<li>South Sea Bubble, vii. 192</li>
+
+<li>Southwark</li>
+  <li class="subitem">burnt by William the Conqueror, i. 165;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Bishop Beaufort's palace at, attacked, iii. 44</li>
+
+<li>Spain,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its relations with Aquitaine and France, ii. 281, 282;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward III.'s policy in, 282, 283, 287;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its growth under Ferdinand and Isabel, iii. 186;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its greatness under Philip II., iv. 325-327;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">possessions in the New World, 329;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ruin of its power, 366;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its relations with James I., v. 212-214, 226, 227, 230-233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">decline, vi. 113, 190;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Cromwell's war with, 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Charles II., 187;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Lewis XIV., 249, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins the Grand Alliance, vii. 49;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dispute for the succession in, 90, 92-94, 98, 99;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English descent on, 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Peterborough's campaign in, 126;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attempts to regain its lost possessions, 186-188;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">end of the succession quarrel, 188;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Austria, 199, 200;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with France, 213-216;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">efforts to regain monopoly of trade in America, 216, 217;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war with England, 219, 306;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">cedes Florida, 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league with France and America, viii. 30;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">mastered by Napoleon, 185;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rises against him, 186;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Wellesley's campaigns in, 187, 188, 199, 200;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the French driven from, 202</li>
+
+<li>Speed's <i>Chronicle</i>, v. 4</li>
+
+<li>Spencer, George John, second Earl, viii. 104, 156</li>
+
+<li>Spenser, Edmund, v. 11-19</li>
+
+<li>Spice Islands conquered by England, viii. 112</li>
+
+<li>Spinola, Ambrogio, v. 219, 220</li>
+
+<li>Spires, Diet of, iv. 19</li>
+
+<li><i>Sports, Book of</i>, v. 296</li>
+
+<li>Spottiswood, Archbishop of St. Andrews, v. 326</li>
+
+<li>Sprigge's <i>Anglia Rediviva</i>, v. 73</li>
+
+<li>Spurs, battle of the, iii. 210</li>
+
+<li>Stafford fortified by &AElig;thelfl&aelig;d, i. 118</li>
+
+<li>Stafford, William Howard, Viscount, vi. 321</li>
+
+<li>Stafford, Henry, iii. 166</li>
+
+<li>Stafford, Sir Humphrey, iii. 66</li>
+
+<li>Stafford, Thomas, iv. 107</li>
+
+<li>Stair, John Dalrymple, second Earl of, vii. 229</li>
+
+<li>Stamford,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">one of the Five <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-283" id="Page_8-283"></a><a href="./images/283.png">8-283</a>]</span>Boroughs, i. 117;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Eadward the Elder, 119</li>
+
+<li>Stamford Bridge, battle of, i. 162</li>
+
+<li>Stamford, Henry Grey, first Earl of, vi. 5</li>
+
+<li>Standard,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle of the, i. 217;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Harold's, at Senlac, 163, 164;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Wessex, the Golden Dragon, 96, 163</li>
+
+<li>Stanhope, James, first Earl, vii. 182, 190, 192</li>
+
+<li>Stanley, Thomas, Lord, iii. 171, 172</li>
+
+<li>Stanley, Sir William, iii. 172</li>
+
+<li>Staple, Gild of the, ii. 304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reform of, under Richard II., 355</li>
+
+<li>Star-Chamber, Court of, i. 256; ii. 112; iii. 178;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regulates the Press, iv. 343;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">developement under Charles I., v. 278;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Laud's use of, 329;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its civil jurisdiction abolished by Long Parliament, 363</li>
+
+<li>States-General, the French, viii. 83;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">become a National Assembly, 86</li>
+
+<li><a name="Statutes" id="Statutes"></a>Statutes</li>
+  <li class="subitem">substituted for Ordinances, ii. 298, 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Petitions changed into, iii. 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Apparel, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Appeals, 302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Occasional Conformity, vii. 123;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">repealed, 184:</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Conventicle, vi. 220;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Corporation, 207;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Declaratory, vii. 338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Economical Reform, viii. 64. 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of First-fruits, iii. 302, 304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Five Mile, vi. 229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Grace, vii. 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Habeas Corpus, vi. 305, 306;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">suspended, vii. 184; viii. 105, 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Heresy, iii. 4, 5;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">repealed, iv. 61;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">re-enacted, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Indemnity and Oblivion, vi. 194, 196, 204;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Kilkenny, ii. 377;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Labourers, 255;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">attempts to enforce, 289, 313;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">demand for their repeal, iii. 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Libel, viii. 92;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Liveries, iii. 118, 177;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Maintenance, ii. 355; iii. 105;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Merchants, ii. 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Mutiny, vii. 61, 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Mortmain, ii. 118, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Navigation, vi. 86; vii. 310;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Poor Laws, iv. 276, 277;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Poynings', iii. 181;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">repealed, viii. 37, 39;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Pr&aelig;munire, ii. 274, 355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Provisors, 273, 275, 355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"Quia Emptores," 124, 151;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">"de Religiosis," 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Rights, vii. 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Schism, 143;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">repealed, 184;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Security, 129;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Septennial, 185;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Settlement, 103, 127;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Stamp, 326, 327;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">American resistance to, 330;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">Pitt and Shelburne demand its repeal, 331;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">repealed, 338;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Succession, iii. 317; iv. 45, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Supremacy, iii. 305; iv. 157;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Test, iv. 215, 273, 308; vi. 273;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">James II.'s endeavours to procure its repeal, vii. 22, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Toleration, 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Treason, ii. 292; iii. 314, 319;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Triennial, v. 352; vii. 88;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Union with Scotland, 128;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Union with Ireland, viii. 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Uniformity, iv. 159; vi. 208;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Uses, ii. 355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Wales, 121;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Westminster, the first, 103;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">second, 122;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">third, 124;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Winchester, 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">against Witchcraft, v. 105, 106</li>
+
+<li>Steam-engine, invention of the, viii. 57-59</li>
+
+<li>Steel Yard, the, iv. 282</li>
+
+<li>Steele, Richard, vii. 158</li>
+
+<li>Steinkirk, battle of, vii. 79</li>
+
+<li>Stephen of Blois, i. 214;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">chosen king, 215;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowned, 216;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his charter, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolts against him, 216, 217;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">quarrel with the Church, 218, 219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Matilda, 219, 220;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proposes to crown his son, 226;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Henry, 227;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 228</li>
+
+<li>Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 161, 187</li>
+
+<li>Stillingfleet, Edmund, vi. 252; vii. 19</li>
+
+<li>Stirling,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle of, ii. 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders to Edward, 171;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invested by Bruce, 191;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lords of the Congregation muster at, iv. 245</li>
+
+<li>Stoke, battle of, iii. 176</li>
+
+<li>Stokes, Peter, ii. 340</li>
+
+<li>Stow, battle of, vi. 42</li>
+
+<li>Stowe's <i>Chronicle</i>, v. 4</li>
+
+<li><a name="Strafford" id="Strafford"></a>Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Wentworth">Wentworth</a>),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his war policy, v. 340-342;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">impeached, 350;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">trial, 356;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attainder, 357;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 361</li>
+
+<li>Stralsund, siege of, v. 274</li>
+
+<li>Strassburg seized by Lewis XIV., vi. 335</li>
+
+<li>Stratford-on-Avon, Shakspere's home at, v. 28, 41, 46</li>
+
+<li>Stratford-le-Bow, Protestant martyrs at, iv. 144</li>
+
+<li>Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 232</li>
+
+<li>Strathclyde,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its struggle with <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-284" id="Page_8-284"></a><a href="./images/284.png">8-284</a>]</span>&AElig;thelfrith, i. 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Eadward the Elder, 119</li>
+
+<li>Streoneshealh. <i>See</i> <a href="#Whitby">Whitby</a></li>
+
+<li>Strickland, member of Parliament in 1571, iv. 292</li>
+
+<li>Strode, one of the "five members," v. 373</li>
+
+<li>Strongbow. <i>See</i> <a href="#Clare_Strongbow">Clare, Richard of</a></li>
+
+<li>Strype's historical collections, iii. 84; iv. 3, 4</li>
+
+<li>Stuart, Arabella, v. 121</li>
+
+<li>Stuart, Charles Edward, vii. 227-230</li>
+
+<li>Stuart, Esm&eacute;. <i>See</i> <a href="#Lennox">Lennox</a></li>
+
+<li>Stuart, James Francis, son of James II., vii. 34, 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">known as the "Old Pretender," 103;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">acknowledged as king by Lewis XIV., 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attainted, 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">withdraws to Lorraine, 143;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plans a rising in Scotland, 183;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">proclaimed as "James VIII." at Edinburgh, 228</li>
+
+<li><a name="Stuart" id="Stuart"></a>Stuart, Lord James, Prior of St. Andrews, iv. 114, 199.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Murray">Murray</a></li>
+
+<li>Stuarts, the,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their work in Scotland, v. 125, 126;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their lack of sympathy with England, 148, 149</li>
+
+<li>Stubbs, John, iv. 337, 338</li>
+
+<li>Stukely, Sir Thomas, iv. 315</li>
+
+<li>Suchet, General, viii. 191</li>
+
+<li>Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 320, 323</li>
+
+<li>Suffolk, Charles Brandon, Duke of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his campaign in France, iii. 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy at home, 270, 277;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">President of the Council, 286;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage, iv. 46, 69</li>
+
+<li>Suffolk, Frances Grey, Duchess of, iv. 69</li>
+
+<li>Suffolk, Henry Grey, Duke of, iv. 65, 69, 82, 84</li>
+
+<li>Suffolk, Thomas Howard, first Earl of, v. 191, 204</li>
+
+<li>Suffolk, Michael de la Pole, Earl of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Michael_Pole">Pole</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="William_Suffolk" id="William_Suffolk"></a>Suffolk, William de la Pole, Earl of, iii. 59, 61-63</li>
+
+<li>Sunderland, Robert Spencer, second Earl of, vi. 301;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes the Exclusion, 307, 310;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">urges Charles II. to yield to it, 319, 321;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Charles, vii. 2;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with James II., 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">betrays James to William, 37;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">urges the calling of a Parliament, 39;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismissed, 40;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character, 82;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his ministerial system, 83, 84, 98</li>
+
+<li>Sunderland, Charles Spencer, third Earl of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ambassador at Vienna, vii. 125;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Secretary of State, 131;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy, 132;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismissed, 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in the Stanhope ministry, 190</li>
+
+<li>Surajah Dowlah, vii. 261, 262</li>
+
+<li>Surrey, rising in, iii. 64</li>
+
+<li>Surrey, Thomas Holland, Duke of (Earl of Kent), iii. 7, 8</li>
+
+<li>Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of, iv. 42-45</li>
+
+<li><a name="second_Surrey" id="second_Surrey"></a>Surrey, Thomas Howard, second Earl of, iii. 210.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Norfolk_Surrey">Norfolk</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="third_Surrey" id="third_Surrey"></a>Surrey, Thomas Howard, third Earl of, iii. 244, 248.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Norfolk_Surrey">Norfolk</a></li>
+
+<li>Surrey, Earls of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Warenne_and_Surrey">Warenne</a></li>
+
+<li>Sussex</li>
+  <li class="subitem">accepts Wulfhere's overlordship, i. 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by Ine, 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising in, iii. 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protestant martyrs in, iv. 96;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ironworks in, iv. 279.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#South_Saxons">South Saxons</a></li>
+
+<li>Sussex, Thomas Ratcliffe, third Earl of, iv. 111, 240, 241, 269</li>
+
+<li>Swan, Edward I.'s vow on the, ii. 95, 173, 174</li>
+
+<li>Sweden united under King Eric, i. 128</li>
+
+<li>Swein I., king of Denmark, i. 140-143</li>
+
+<li>Swein II., Estrithson, king of Denmark, i. 167</li>
+
+<li>Swein, son of Earl Godwine, i. 150, 151, 152</li>
+
+<li>Swereford, Alexander de, ii. 43</li>
+
+<li>Swift, Jonathan, vi. 158; vii. 138</li>
+
+<li>Swineshead, abbey of, i. 356</li>
+
+<li>Swinford, Catherine, ii. 369; iii. 59</li>
+
+<li>Sydenham, Thomas, vi. 166</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Table, the Round,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">legends of, i. 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Edward I., ii. 95;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of Edward III., 249, 290</li>
+
+<li>"Tables," the, v. 331, 333</li>
+
+<li>Taillebourg, battle of, ii. 35</li>
+
+<li>Taillefer, i. 163</li>
+
+<li>Tailors' gild at Exeter, i. 318</li>
+
+<li>Talavera, battle of, viii. 188</li>
+
+<li><a name="Talbot" id="Talbot"></a>Talbot, John, Lord, iii. 56, 63.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Shrewsbury">Shrewsbury</a></li>
+
+<li>Taliesin, ii. 53, 57</li>
+
+<li>Tallard, Marshal, vii. 120</li>
+
+<li>Talleyrand, Maurice de, viii. 206</li>
+
+<li>Tamworth fortified by &AElig;thelfl&aelig;d, i. 118</li>
+
+<li>Tancred, king of Sicily, i. 260</li>
+
+<li>Tangier</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to England, vi. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-285" id="Page_8-285"></a><a href="./images/285.png">8-285</a>]</span>192;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English garrison withdrawn from, vii. 4</li>
+
+<li>Taunton</li>
+  <li class="subitem">founded by Ine, i. 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Blake's defence of, vi. 78;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Monmouth at, vii. 9</li>
+
+<li>Taxation</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under the Norman kings, ii. 104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Richard I., i. 264, 350;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under John, 330, 322, 351;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regulated by Great Charter, 351; ii. 105, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Edward III., 291;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Wolsey's plans of, iii. 245, 246;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character under Elizabeth, iv. 233;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament regains control over, vii. 60, 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">during the French war, viii. 114, 137;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arbitrary, abolished, v. 352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">indirect, its introduction and growth, ii. 105;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of personal property, i. 257; ii. 105;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of boroughs, 152, 153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of wool, 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of America, schemes for, vii. 311, 326; viii. 3, 4, 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">papal, of the clergy, ii. 42</li>
+
+<li>Taylor, Jeremy, vi. 134-137, 326</li>
+
+<li>Taylor, Rowland, iv. 92-94</li>
+
+<li>Teignmouth burnt by the French, vii. 76</li>
+
+<li>Temple, Richard Grenville, second Earl, vii. 250, 304, 328, 339</li>
+
+<li>Temple, Sir Peter, v. 323</li>
+
+<li>Temple, Sir William,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ambassador at Brussels, vi. 227;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">at the Hague, 249;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Secretary of State, 301;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reorganizes the council, 302-304;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes the Exclusion, 307, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">retires from politics, 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">assents to the Exclusion, 319;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Memoirs</i>, 157</li>
+
+<li>Tenchebray, battle of, i. 202</li>
+
+<li>Testament, the New, Erasmus's edition of, iii. 213, 215</li>
+
+<li>Tewkesbury, battle of, iii. 144, 145</li>
+
+<li>Thames entered by northmen, i. 116</li>
+
+<li>Thanes, gild of, at Canterbury, i. 299</li>
+
+<li>Thanet,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Jutes land in, i. 31, 32;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Augustine lands in, 57, 58</li>
+
+<li>Thanet, Thomas Tufton, sixth Earl of, vii. 23</li>
+
+<li>Theatre, first public, in London, v. 22</li>
+
+<li>Thegns, i. 50-52;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">of the royal household, 132</li>
+
+<li>Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 223;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">legate, 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy, 226, 227;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">study of law in his court, 283;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">retires from politics, 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies, 234</li>
+
+<li>Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 81, 83, 84;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his school at Canterbury, 92</li>
+
+<li>Theology, revived study of, in thirteenth century, ii. 13, 14</li>
+
+<li>"Theow," the, i. 322</li>
+
+<li>Thirty Years' War, its beginning, v. 217, 219;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its end, vi. 113</li>
+
+<li>Thomas of Canterbury, St. <i>See</i> <a href="#Beket">Beket</a></li>
+
+<li>"Thorough," Stafford's, v. 292</li>
+
+<li>Throckmorton, Sir Nicholas, iv. 175</li>
+
+<li>Thurlow's <i>State Papers</i>, v. 73</li>
+
+<li>Thurstan, Archbishop of York, i. 217</li>
+
+<li>Ticonderoga, Fort, vii. 244, 266, 267</li>
+
+<li>Tilbury, muster at, iv. 357, 359</li>
+
+<li>Tillotson, John, vi. 169, 252; vii. 19;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Archbishop of Canterbury, 65</li>
+
+<li>Tilly, Count, v. 232</li>
+
+<li>Tilsit, peace of, viii. 175</li>
+
+<li><a name="Tin" id="Tin"></a>Tin,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">export of, from Cornwall, iv. 279;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">mines, i. 30; ii. 107</li>
+
+<li>Tippermuir, battle of, vi. 23</li>
+
+<li>Tippoo, Sultan of Mysore, viii. 131, 140</li>
+
+<li>Tithes, introduction of, i. 84</li>
+
+<li>Tithing, i. 322</li>
+
+<li>Titus Livius, his <i>Gesta Henrici V.</i>, ii. 179; iii. 41</li>
+
+<li>Tone, Wolfe, viii. 120</li>
+
+<li>Torbay, William of Orange lands at, vii. 40</li>
+
+<li>Torgau, battle of, vii. 302</li>
+
+<li>"Tories,"</li>
+  <li class="subitem">origin of the name, vi. 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their policy in 1689, vii. 45, 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attack Marlborough, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their helplessness, 166, 167;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">withdraw from politics, 167, 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">return, 299;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">oppose the abolition of the slave-trade, viii. 179;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">govern during the war with Napoleon, <i>ib.</i>, 180</li>
+
+<li>Torres Vedras, Wellington's defence of, viii. 190</li>
+
+<li>Torrington, Arthur Herbert, Earl of. <i>See</i> <a href="#Herbert">Herbert</a></li>
+
+<li>Tortulf the Forester, i. 209</li>
+
+<li>Tostig, Earl of Northumbria, 153, 160-162</li>
+
+<li>Toulon, revolt of, viii. 109</li>
+
+<li>Toulouse,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle of, viii. 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">war of, i. 233, 234</li>
+
+<li>Touraine</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquered by the Angevins, i. 212;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">by Philip Augustus, 269;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ceded to France, ii. 63</li>
+
+<li>Tournaments under Edward III., ii. 251</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-286" id="Page_8-286"></a><a href="./images/286.png">8-286</a>]</span>Tournay besieged by Edward III., ii. 228</li>
+
+<li>Tours</li>
+  <li class="subitem">won by Geoffry Martel, i. 212;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">by Philip Augustus, 258;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">council of, 235</li>
+
+<li>Tourville, Admiral, vii. 75, 78</li>
+
+<li><a name="Towns" id="Towns"></a>Towns, English,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their origin, i. 294, 295;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">early constitution, 296;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">common lands, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relation to their lords, <i>ib.</i>, 297;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">administration of justice in, 297, 313;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">emancipation, 300-302;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle of classes in, 315-318;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their liberties secured by Great Charter, 352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settlement of Friars in, ii. 10, 11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">support Simon de Montfort, 68, 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">represented in county court, 73;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">representatives of, summoned to Parliament, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">taxation of, 152, 153;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forced labour in, 257;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">strikes and combinations in, 267;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">support the House of York, iii. 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restriction of franchise in, 99-101;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles II.'s dealings with, vii. 3.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Boroughs">Boroughs</a></li>
+
+<li>Townshend, Charles, second Viscount,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Secretary of State and Prime Minister, vii. 182, 189;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns, 190;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to office, 191;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Secretary again under Walpole, 193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">turned out, 203</li>
+
+<li>Townshend, Charles, vii. 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">takes office under Pitt, 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">deserts him, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">President of Board of Trade, 310;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuses office under Grenville, 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">accepts it again under Chatham, 341;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Chancellor of the Exchequer, viii. 3;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 4</li>
+
+<li>Townshend's <i>Journal of Parliamentary Proceedings</i>, iv. 5</li>
+
+<li>Township, the Old English, i. 11</li>
+
+<li>Towton, battle of, iii. 79, 80</li>
+
+<li><a name="Trade" id="Trade"></a>Trade, English,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Eadgar, i. 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth after Norman Conquest, 177;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regulated by Great Charter, 352;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">under Edward I., ii. 106, 107, 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Richard's II.'s care for, 355;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">increase in fifteenth century, iii. 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward's IV.'s laws for protection of, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth under Richard III., iv. 282;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">under Henry VII., <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">under Elizabeth, 279-283; v. 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle of the Commons for its freedom, 57, 58;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament gains control over, vii. 63;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">foreign, regulated by Statute of Staples, ii. 292;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">extension under Charles I., v. 281;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effects of the Continental System on, viii. 177;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">effect of the American embargo on, 183;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">growth during the French war, 194;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with English colonies in America, monopoly of, vii. 195, 241;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with India, vii. 232;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with Spanish America, 192, 216;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Board of, established, 89.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Iron">Iron</a>, <a href="#Tin">Tin</a>, <a href="#Wool">Wool</a>, <a href="#Slave">Slave</a></li>
+
+<li>Trade and Plantations, Board for, vii. 240</li>
+
+<li>Trade-gilds, i. 316-318</li>
+
+<li>Trafalgar, battle of, viii. 173</li>
+
+<li>"Trail-bastons," ii. 116</li>
+
+<li>Treasurer, the,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">origin of his office, i. 132;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">right of appointing, claimed for Great Council, ii. 38</li>
+
+<li>Treaties, commercial,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with Florence, iv. 282;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with France, viii. 79</li>
+
+<li>Trent, Council of, iv. 32, 35, 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dispersed, 51;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reassembles, 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">breaks up again, 65;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">reassembled again, 192</li>
+
+<li>Tresham, Francis, v. 159</li>
+
+<li>Tresilian, Chief-Justice, ii. 353</li>
+
+<li>Trevanion, Sir John, vi. 6</li>
+
+<li>Trevisa, John of, ii. 357</li>
+
+<li>Trichinopoly, Clive's relief of, vii. 235</li>
+
+<li>Triploe Heath, meeting of the army at, vi. 52</li>
+
+<li>Tristram,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">story of, i. 247;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rimes of, ii. 360</li>
+
+<li>Trivet's <i>Annals</i>, i. 274</li>
+
+<li>Trokelowe's <i>Annals</i>, ii. 177</li>
+
+<li>Tromp, Martin, vi. 86, 88, 115</li>
+
+<li>Tromp, Cornelius, vi. 277</li>
+
+<li>Troyes, treaty of, iii. 35</li>
+
+<li>Trussel, Sir William, ii. 199</li>
+
+<li>Tudor, Edmund. <i>See</i> <a href="#Richmond">Richmond</a></li>
+
+<li>Tudor, Henry. <i>See</i> <a href="#Henry_VII">Henry VII.</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="Jasper_Tudor" id="Jasper_Tudor"></a>Tudor, Jasper, Earl of Pembroke, iii. 132, 143, 165</li>
+
+<li>Tudor, Owen, iii. 165</li>
+
+<li>"Tulchan-bishops," v. 137</li>
+
+<li>"Tun," the, i. 11, 295</li>
+
+<li>Tunstall, Cuthbert, iii. 256</li>
+
+<li>Turenne, Marshal, vi. 124</li>
+
+<li>Turgot, annalist of Durham, i. 243</li>
+
+<li>Turin, siege of, vii. 131</li>
+
+<li>Turkey, schemes for its partition, viii. 161, 162</li>
+
+<li>Turks capture Constantinople, iii. 189</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-287" id="Page_8-287"></a><a href="./images/287.png">8-287</a>]</span>Turner, Sir James, v. 73</li>
+
+<li>Tyburn, Roger Mortimer beheaded at, ii. 207</li>
+
+<li>Tyler, Walter, ii. 319, 321, 323</li>
+
+<li>Tyndale, William, iii. 258, 259</li>
+
+<li>Tyrconnell, Richard Talbot, first Earl and Duke of, vii. 17, 55-57</li>
+
+<li>Tyrone, rising in, v. 62</li>
+
+<li>Tyrone, Con O'Neill, first Earl of, iv. 110, 240</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Udall, John, iv. 343</li>
+
+<li>Ulm, capitulation of, viii. 173</li>
+
+<li>Ulster,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">John de Courcy in, ii. 374;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising in, under Hugh O'Neill, v. 61, 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">colonization of, 288, 289</li>
+
+<li>Universities,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rise of, i. 282;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their cosmopolitan spirit, 290;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">democratic constitution, 291;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with the Church, 292, 293;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Friars at, ii. 13;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revival of theology at, <i>ib.</i>, 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">English, their decline during Wars of the Roses, iii. 98;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the New Learning at, 201, 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry VIII.'s appeal to, 291, 292;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">decline under Edward VI., iv. 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">James II.'s dealings with, vii. 24-26</li>
+
+<li>Urban V., Pope, ii. 275</li>
+
+<li>Uriconium burnt by the West Saxons, i. 38</li>
+
+<li>Usher, Archbishop of Armagh, v. 290, 353; vi. 199</li>
+
+<li>Utrecht,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty of, vii. 141;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Union of, iv. 312</li>
+
+<li>Uxbridge, negotiations at, vi. 38</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Vacarius, i. 283, 285</li>
+
+<li>Valence, Aymer de, Bishop of Winchester, ii. 33</li>
+
+<li><a name="Valence" id="Valence"></a>Valence, Aymer de, Earl of Pembroke, ii. 174, 183</li>
+
+<li>Valence, William de, Earl of Pembroke, ii. 33</li>
+
+<li>Val-&egrave;s-Dunes, battle of, i. 158</li>
+
+<li>Valois, Charles of, ii. 208</li>
+
+<li>Vane, Sir Harry, the elder, vi. 102</li>
+
+<li>Vane, Sir Harry (the younger),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">leader of the Independents, v. 354; vi. 45;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiates with Scotland, 14, 108;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes ordinance against heresy, 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">re-creates a navy, 78;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy, 86, 89;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks the Protectorate, 148;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">exempted from pardon, 195;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">executed, 204</li>
+
+<li>Vannes, Henry of Lancaster sails from, ii. 373</li>
+
+<li>Varangians, i. 167</li>
+
+<li>Varaville, battle of, i. 158</li>
+
+<li>Vassy, massacre of Protestants at, iv. 208</li>
+
+<li>Vaudois, massacre of, vi. 123</li>
+
+<li>Vend&ocirc;me, Louis Joseph, Duke of, vii. 134</li>
+
+<li>Venner, leader of Fifth-Monarchy men, vi. 182</li>
+
+<li>Verden, quarrel about, vii. 188, 189</li>
+
+<li><a name="Vere_3rd" id="Vere_3rd"></a>Vere, Robert de (third Earl of Oxford), i. 343</li>
+
+<li><a name="Vere_9th" id="Vere_9th"></a>Vere, Robert de (ninth Earl of Oxford), ii. 350, 351, 353;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Duke of Ireland, 377</li>
+
+<li>Vere, Sir Horace, v. 219</li>
+
+<li>Vergil, Polydore, ii. 180</li>
+
+<li>Verneuil, battle of, iii. 39</li>
+
+<li>Verney, Sir Edmund, v. 369</li>
+
+<li>Verney, Sir Ralph, v. 72</li>
+
+<li>Vernon, Admiral, vii. 219, 221</li>
+
+<li>Vervins, treaty of, v. 60, 62</li>
+
+<li>Vesci, Eustace de, i, 335, 347</li>
+
+<li>Vienne, John de, ii. 349</li>
+
+<li>Village, the English, i. 10, 11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its organization after the Norman Conquest, 322</li>
+
+<li>Villars, Marshal, vii. 134</li>
+
+<li>Villenage</li>
+  <li class="subitem">unknown in Kent, ii. 320;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demand for its abolition in the eastern counties, 321;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dies out, 333; iii. 65</li>
+
+<li>Villeneuve, Admiral, viii. 172</li>
+
+<li><a name="Villeins" id="Villeins"></a>Villeins, i. 133, 321-323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their relations with the lord, 323-325;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rise into yeomen, ii. 240, 241;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attempts to check their enfranchisement, 256, 257, 266, 267, 335;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolt of, <i>see</i> <a href="#Peasant_Revolt">Peasant Revolt</a></li>
+
+<li>Villeroy, Duke of, vii. 125, 126</li>
+
+<li><a name="Villiers" id="Villiers"></a>Villiers, George, v. 207-210.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#George_Buckingham">Buckingham</a></li>
+
+<li>Vimiera, battle of, viii. 187</li>
+
+<li>Vinegar Hill, battle of, viii. 130</li>
+
+<li>Virginia discovered, iv. 345;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">settled, v. 307, 308;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">heads resistance to the Stamp Act, vii. 330;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">remonstrates against taxation, viii. 14;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">adheres to England, 20</li>
+
+<li>Vitoria, battle of, viii. 202</li>
+
+<li>Voltaire, his visit to England, vii. 152</li>
+
+<li>Volunteers, the Irish, viii. 37</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-288" id="Page_8-288"></a><a href="./images/288.png">8-288</a>]</span>Wace, i. 174, 247</li>
+
+<li>Wake, Baldwin, ii. 84, 86</li>
+
+<li>Wakefield, battle of, iii. 78</li>
+
+<li>Walcourt, skirmish at, vii. 50</li>
+
+<li>Walcheren, English expedition to, viii. 188</li>
+
+<li>Walden, Roger, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 371</li>
+
+<li><a name="Wales" id="Wales"></a>Wales,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sources of its early history, i. 7;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its struggle with Mercia, ii. 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">subject to the West Saxon kings, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Harold's campaign in, i. 153, ii. 47;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">William I.'s, i. 189, ii. 47;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">William II.'s, i. 198, ii. 48;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry I.'s dealings with, 48;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry II.'s campaigns in, i. 232; ii. 53, 54;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Gerald de Barri's account of, i. 245, 274;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">John's campaigns in, ii. 54, 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">national revival in, 49-58;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward's first campaign in, 59;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">outbreaks in, 65, 66;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Edward I.'s annexations in, 109;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquest of, 119-121;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">incorporated with England, 121;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolts, 142, 143; iii. 9-12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">students from, at Oxford, i. 291;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Council of, v. 168.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Welsh">Welsh</a></li>
+
+<li>Walker, Obadiah, vii. 25</li>
+
+<li>Wall, the Roman, i. 30</li>
+
+<li>Wallace, William, ii. 167-169, 171</li>
+
+<li>Wallenstein, v. 274</li>
+
+<li>Waller, Edmund, vi. 325</li>
+
+<li>Waller, Sir William,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Lansdowne Hill and Roundway Down, vi. 6;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his reception by the Parliament, 13;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">joins Essex, 18, 19;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Cropredy bridge, 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">retires, 35</li>
+
+<li>Wallingford, treaty of, i. 227</li>
+
+<li>Wallington, Nehemiah, v. 72, 73, 94</li>
+
+<li>Wallis, Dr. John, vi. 132</li>
+
+<li>Wallis, Captain, vii. 277</li>
+
+<li>Walloons, fugitive Protestant, in England, iv. 51, 58</li>
+
+<li>Walpole, Robert, vii. 134;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his temper, 178;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy, 179-181;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in the Townshend ministry, 182;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resigns, 190;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeats the Peerage Bill, 191;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to office, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">head of the Government, 192, 193;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his peace policy, 193, 194;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">finance, 195, 196;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his policy of inaction, 197;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">towards Catholics and Nonconformists, 198;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with George II., 200;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Excise Bill, 195, 201-203;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his jealousy of his colleagues, 203;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">strives to avoid war, 215, 217;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">loss of his power, 218;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">consents to war with Spain, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plans of alliance with Russia and Prussia, 220;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fall, 222;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rejects the project for an American Excise, 241</li>
+
+<li>Walsingham, Sir Francis, iv. 119; v. 63</li>
+
+<li>Walsingham's <i>History</i>, i. 274; ii. 177, 179; iii. 98</li>
+
+<li>Walter of Coutances, Archbishop of Rouen, i. 260, 261, 266</li>
+
+<li>Walter of Coventry, i. 273</li>
+
+<li>Walters, Lucy, vi. 176</li>
+
+<li>Walworth, William, ii. 312, 323</li>
+
+<li>Wanborough, battle of, i. 90</li>
+
+<li>Warbeck, Perkin, iii. 180, 181, 184, 185, 187</li>
+
+<li>Ward, Dr. Seth, vi. 132</li>
+
+<li>Wareham, northmen encamp at, i. 106</li>
+
+<li>Warenne, William, sixth Earl of, i. 345</li>
+
+<li><a name="Warenne_and_Surrey" id="Warenne_and_Surrey"></a>Warenne and Surrey, John, seventh Earl of, ii. 117</li>
+
+<li>Warenne and Surrey, John, eighth Earl of, ii. 162, 168</li>
+
+<li>Warham, William, Archbishop of Canterbury,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his patronage of the New Learning, iii. 196-198;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">protects Colet, 204;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">helps Erasmus, 212, 215;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the seals offered to, 289;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 303</li>
+
+<li>Warner's <i>Albion's England</i>, v. 35</li>
+
+<li>Warwick, Guy Beauchamp, second Earl of, ii. 187, 190</li>
+
+<li>Warwick, Thomas Beauchamp, fourth Earl of, ii. 353, 370, 371</li>
+
+<li><a name="Warwick" id="Warwick"></a>Warwick, John Dudley, Earl of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Lisle">Lisle</a>), iv. 47;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">puts down revolt in Norfolk, 56;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protector, 57.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Northumberland">Northumberland</a></li>
+
+<li>Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of, iii. 73, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at St. Albans, 79;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victor at Towton, <i>ib.</i>, 80;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his greatness, 112, 113, 118;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">character, 114, 115;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy, 119, 122;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations with Lewis XI., 123, 124;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rivalry with the Woodvilles, 127;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">mission to France, 129;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">estranged from Edward, 131;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to him, 132;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">intrigues with Clarence, 133;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolts, 134, 135;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">repulsed from Calais, 135;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">difficulties with Burgundy, 136;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">alliance with the Lancastrians, 137;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">lands at <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-289" id="Page_8-289"></a><a href="./images/289.png">8-289</a>]</span>Dartmouth, 138;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">restores Henry VI., 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">slain, 142</li>
+
+<li>Warwick, Edward Plantagenet, Earl of, iii. 175, 187</li>
+
+<li>Warwick, Robert Rich, second Earl of,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">resists a forced loan, v. 255;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plans to emigrate, 319;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">put in command of the fleet, 378</li>
+
+<li>Warwick, Sir Philip, v. 72</li>
+
+<li>Washington, George,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his attack on Duquesne, vii. 243;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">takes it, 266;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his influence in Virginia, viii. 15;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his character, 21, 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his defence of Boston, 23;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">evacuates New York, etc., 24;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his campaign of 1777, 25;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forces Cornwallis to surrender, 32</li>
+
+<li>Washington city burnt by the English, viii. 204</li>
+
+<li>"Water-beggars," the, iv. 298</li>
+
+<li>Waterford besieged by Cromwell, vi. 77</li>
+
+<li>Waterloo, battle of, viii. 208-211</li>
+
+<li>Watling Street, i. 120</li>
+
+<li>Watt, James, viii. 58</li>
+
+<li><i>Waverley, Annals of</i>, i. 273</li>
+
+<li>Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester, iii. 66</li>
+
+<li>Weald, iron-mines in the, ii. 107</li>
+
+<li>Wearmouth,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Benedict Biscop's abbey at, i. 91, 92;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plundered by northmen, 101</li>
+
+<li>Weavers,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">gild of, i. 317;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Flemish, in England under Edward III., ii. 226</li>
+
+<li>Wedmore, Peace of, i. 107</li>
+
+<li>Weights, uniformity of, enacted by Great Charter, i. 352</li>
+
+<li>Welles, Sir Robert, iii. 135</li>
+
+<li><a name="Arthur_Wellesley" id="Arthur_Wellesley"></a>Wellesley, Sir Arthur,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his campaigns in Spain and Portugal, viii. 186, 188.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Wellington">Wellington</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="Wellesley" id="Wellesley"></a>Wellesley, Richard, Marquis (<i>see</i> <a href="#Mornington">Mornington</a>), viii. 140;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his devotion to Pitt, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">words on Pitt's death, 174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Foreign Secretary, 189</li>
+
+<li><a name="Wellington" id="Wellington"></a>Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, first Viscount and Duke of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Arthur_Wellesley">Wellesley</a>),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his campaigns in Spain and Portugal, viii. 190, 191, 199, 200, 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">enters France, 202;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign in Belgium, 207-211</li>
+
+<li><a name="Welsh" id="Welsh"></a>Welsh, the,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated by Cenwealh, i. 87;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">by Offa, 97;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">league with Scots and Cumbrians against &AElig;thelstan, 119;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rise against &AElig;thelred II., 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">subdued by Harold, 153; ii. 47;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rise against William I., i. 167;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">against John, 333, 334; ii. 55;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">national revival, 49-58;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">ravage Shropshire, iii. 19;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Oxford students join Owen Glyndwr, 11;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">North, tributary to &AElig;thelstan, i. 119, 120;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">West, become vassals of &AElig;thelstan, i. 120;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">driven from Exeter, <i>ib.</i></li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Britons">Britons</a>, <a href="#Wales">Wales</a></li>
+
+<li>Welwood's <i>Memoirs</i>, vi. 158</li>
+
+<li>Wendover, Roger of, i. 273; ii. 43</li>
+
+<li>Wentworth, Paul, iv. 238</li>
+
+<li>Wentworth, Peter, v. 56</li>
+
+<li><a name="Wentworth" id="Wentworth"></a>Wentworth, Thomas,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">member for Yorkshire, v. 195, 260, 282-284;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy and character, 285-287;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Deputy in Ireland, 290;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his rule there, 290-292, 364, 365;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns, 338.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Strafford">Strafford</a></li>
+
+<li>Wenzel of Bohemia, king of the Romans, ii. 348</li>
+
+<li>Wesley, Charles, vii. 207</li>
+
+<li>Wesley, John, vii. 207-210</li>
+
+<li><a name="Wessex" id="Wessex"></a>Wessex,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its power under Ceawlin and Cuthwulf, i. 56;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">fall, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by Eadwine, 63;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">subdued, 64;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">greatness under Ine, 89, 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">civil strife in, 90;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">subject to Mercia, <i>ib.</i>, 91;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rises against &AElig;thelbald, 96;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">anarchy in, 97;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">greatness under Ecgberht, 102;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacked by northmen, 103, 105, 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revival under &AElig;lfred, 107, 112, 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">submits to Swein, 143;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">to Cnut, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its Golden Dragon standard, 96, 163;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">earldom of, 146.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#West_Saxons">West Saxons</a></li>
+
+<li>Westfold, Harald of, i. 128</li>
+
+<li>West Indian Company, vi. 223</li>
+
+<li>West Indies, English conquests in, vii. 307</li>
+
+<li>Westminster, Eadward the Confessor's abbey at, i. 149;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rebuilt by Henry III. ii. 25;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">completed under Edward I., 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">William I. crowned at, i. 166;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Scotch coronation stone removed to, ii. 162;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refounded by Mary, iv. 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Henry VII.'s chapel in, iii. 174;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Assembly of Divines at, vi. 30;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Caxton's press at, iii. 156;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">chapel of St. Stephen at, ii. 290;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Chaucer's home at, 366;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Jerusalem Chamber at, iii. 25;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament fixed at, ii. 158;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Provisions of, 62;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Statutes of, 103, 122, 124</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-290" id="Page_8-290"></a><a href="./images/290.png">8-290</a>]</span>"Westminster, Matthew of," ii. 43</li>
+
+<li>Westmoreland, Ralph Neville, first Earl of, iii. 14, 18</li>
+
+<li>Westmoreland, Ralph Neville, fourth Earl of, iii. 323</li>
+
+<li>Westmoreland, Henry Neville, fifth Earl of, iv. 162</li>
+
+<li>Westmoreland, Charles Neville, sixth Earl of, iv. 268, 269</li>
+
+<li><a name="Weston" id="Weston"></a>Weston, Lord Treasurer, v. 265;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Earl of Portland, 276;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revives monopolies, 279;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">success of his financial measures, 280;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 315</li>
+
+<li>Westphalia,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">kingdom of, viii. 185;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty of, vi. 113, 187</li>
+
+<li><a name="West_Saxons" id="West_Saxons"></a>West Saxons,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">foundation of their kingdom, i. 34;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated by Arthur, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated in a raid upon Chester, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">take Old Sarum, 37;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">conquer Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Deorham, 38, 61;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">burn Uriconium, 38;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">driven back across Thames, 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">advance to south-west, 87;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Bensington, 98.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Wessex">Wessex</a></li>
+
+<li>Wexford, massacre at, vi. 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolt at, viii. 129</li>
+
+<li>Wharton, Philip, fourth Lord, v. 343; vi. 288;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">member of the Junto, viii. 85;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 133;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 181</li>
+
+<li>Whethamstede, Abbot of St. Albans, iii. 40</li>
+
+<li>"Whiggamore Raid," vi. 62</li>
+
+<li>"Whigs,"</li>
+  <li class="subitem">origin of the name, vi. 62, 315;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their policy in 1689, vii. 45;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Marlborough and Anne, 132, 133;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">refuse peace, 136;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dismissed from office, 139;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invite Marlborough's aid, 145;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">their relations with the Church, 169;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with the Crown, 172, 174;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Parliament, 175, 176;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">fidelity to the principles of the Revolution, 177;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with public opinion, 289;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Pitt, 301;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the "Old," viii. 104;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in Scotland, their outrages, vii. 16</li>
+
+<li>White, Sir Thomas, iv. 157</li>
+
+<li>Whitefield, George, vii. 205, 209</li>
+
+<li>Whitehall built, iii. 236</li>
+
+<li>Whitelock, Bulstrode, v. 306, 322, 323;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Memoirs</i>, 72</li>
+
+<li><i>White Ship</i>, wreck of the, i. 207, 208</li>
+
+<li><a name="Whitby" id="Whitby"></a>Whitby (Streoneshealh),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Hild's abbey at, i. 77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">synod of, 79, 80;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">its effect on England, 80, 81</li>
+
+<li>Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 341, 343; v. 58;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Articles, iv. 341, 342; v. 115, 116;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Strype's <i>Life of</i>, iv. 4</li>
+
+<li>Whittingham, Dean of Durham, iv. 127</li>
+
+<li>Wight, Isle of, annexed to Sussex, i. 85</li>
+
+<li>Wilberforce, William, viii. 48, 52</li>
+
+<li>Wilfrid, St., i. 79, 92;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Eddi's <i>Life of</i>, 4</li>
+
+<li>Wilkes, John, vii. 249;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his services to the Constitution, 313;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attacks the Government in the <i>North Briton</i>, 314, 317, 318;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arrested, 318;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">prosecuted for libel, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">flies to France, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returned for Middlesex, viii. 5;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">imprisoned, 6;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the Government, 7;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">with the House of Commons, <i>ib.</i>, 8;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his proposal for Parliamentary reform, 75</li>
+
+<li>Wilkins, Dr. John, vi. 132, 166</li>
+
+<li>William the Conqueror,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">duke of Normandy, i. 157;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">visits England, 158;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">subdues Maine and Britanny, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his claim on England, 160;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">lands at Pevensey, 162;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">exploits at Senlac, 163, 164;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">chosen king, 165;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">crowned, 166;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">returns to Normandy, 167;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">risings against him, <i>ib.</i>, 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his vengeance on the north, 168, 169;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">march on Chester, 169, 179;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">master of England, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">receives the Scot king's fealty, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his character, 178, 179;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rule, 179-181;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with feudalism, 181-185;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Old English judicial and administrative organization, 185;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">finance, 186;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with the Church, 187, 188;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Wales, 189; ii. 47;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">suppresses slave-trade at Bristol, i. 250;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">last war and death, 190</li>
+
+<li>William the Red,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">king, i. 191;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revolts against him, <i>ib.</i>, 192;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his rule, 192;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with the barons, 193;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with the Church, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Anselm, 196;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Normandy and Scotland, 197;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with Wales, 198; ii. 48;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, i. 198</li>
+
+<li><a name="William_III" id="William_III"></a>William III.,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Prince of Orange, vi. 225;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his youth, 269;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">repels <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-291" id="Page_8-291"></a><a href="./images/291.png">8-291</a>]</span>the French invasion of Holland, 270, 277;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his diplomatic success, 277;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plans for his marriage, 283;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Cassel, 289;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage, 290;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">plans the Grand Alliance, 317;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy in England, <i>ib.</i>, 318;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">visits England, 334;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">shelters Monmouth, vii. 8;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forbidden to visit England, 12;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with James II., 26-28;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">invited to England, 35;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his preparations, 37;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">lands at Torbay, 40;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his advance, 42;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">enters London, 44;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">calls a Convention, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">declines to be Regent, 46;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the Crown offered to, 47;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">he accepts it, 48;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his foreign aims, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">dealings with Scotland, 51;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">signs the warrant for the massacre of Glencoe, 53;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">relations with Parliament, 62, 63, 66, 69;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">campaign in Ireland, 71;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">goes to Flanders, 76;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">defeated at Steinkirk, 79;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the Commons, 81, 82;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">treaty with Lewis, 90, 91;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy as to the Spanish succession, 92, 93;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his unpopularity, 95;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forced to send home his Dutch guards, 97;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">forms a new Grand Alliance, 107;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his relations with Marlborough and Anne, 110;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 112</li>
+
+<li>William the &AElig;theling, i. 207</li>
+
+<li>William the Lion, king of Scots, i. 255, 259; ii. 134</li>
+
+<li>William Longsword, duke of Normandy, i. 155</li>
+
+<li>William, son of Robert of Normandy, i. 203, 208, 213, 214</li>
+
+<li>William of Jumi&egrave;ges, i. 6</li>
+
+<li>William of the Long Beard, i. 319, 320</li>
+
+<li>Williams, Bishop of Lincoln, v. 255, 353, 371</li>
+
+<li>Williams, Roger, v. 312, 313</li>
+
+<li>Willis, Thomas, vi. 166</li>
+
+<li>Willoughby, Hugh, iv. 282; v. 9</li>
+
+<li>Wiltshire, rising in, iii. 67</li>
+
+<li><a name="Wiltshire" id="Wiltshire"></a>Wiltshire, Thomas Boleyn, Earl of, iii. 291.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Boleyn">Boleyn</a></li>
+
+<li>Wiltshire, William Scrope, Earl of, iii. 18</li>
+
+<li>Winceby, skirmish at, vi. 33</li>
+
+<li>Winchelsey, Archbishop of Canterbury,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">opposes Edward I., ii. 163, 165, 170;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">head of the "Ordainers," 188</li>
+
+<li>Winchester</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrendered to William the Conqueror, i. 165;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">welcomes Stephen, 215;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">battle at, 220;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">pillaged by the younger Simon de Montfort, ii. 82;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage of Philip and Mary at, iv. 86;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">&AElig;lfred's abbey at, i. 113;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Wykeham's college at, ii. 307;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">the royal hoard at, 180, 188;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament at, ii. 66, 80, 82</li>
+
+<li>Winchester, William Paulet, first marquis of, iv. 65</li>
+
+<li>Winchester, John Paulet, fifth marquis of, vi. 42</li>
+
+<li>Winchester, Charles Paulet, sixth marquis of, vii. 37</li>
+
+<li>Windebank, Secretary of State, v. 351</li>
+
+<li>Windham, William, viii. 104, 156, 171</li>
+
+<li>Windsor Castle</li>
+  <li class="subitem">seized by John, i. 261;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrendered by Edward to the barons, ii. 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rebuilt by Edward III., 252</li>
+
+<li>Winter, Admiral De, viii. 127</li>
+
+<li>Winthrop, John, v. 311, 313</li>
+
+<li>Winw&aelig;d, battle of, i. 72, 73</li>
+
+<li>Wippedsfleet, battle of, i. 33</li>
+
+<li>Wishart, George, iv. 112</li>
+
+<li>Witchcraft,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">belief in, v. 105;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">statute against, 105, 106;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Puritan action against, 106, 107</li>
+
+<li>Witenagemot, the, i. 19, 132, 134, 135</li>
+
+<li>Wither, George, v. 303</li>
+
+<li>Witt, John de, vi. 242, 249, 268, 269</li>
+
+<li>Wolsey, Thomas,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his rise, iii. 230;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">policy, 231;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">greatness, 236;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his industry, 237;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">legate, 238;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations with Francis and Charles, 240, 243;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">hopes of the Papacy, 240, 241, 249;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">revives benevolences, 244, 251;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">demands a forced loan, 244;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with the Commons, 245;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">with the clergy, 246;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his power shaken, 253;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">attitude towards Lutheranism, 261, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">founds Cardinal College, 202, 263;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">action in the king's divorce, 269, 270;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">embassy to France, 271;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">negotiations with the Pope, <i>ib.</i>, 272;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his unpopularity, 273;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">commissioner for the divorce, 272;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his fall, 279, 280;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">suppresses monasteries, 311;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">arrested, 292;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 293;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Cavendish's <i>Life of</i>, 83</li>
+
+<li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8-292" id="Page_8-292"></a><a href="./images/292.png">8-292</a>]</span>Woodstock, Edmund, earl of, ii. 293</li>
+
+<li>Woodstock, Thomas of, ii. 293.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Thomas_Gloucester">Gloucester</a></li>
+
+<li><a name="Woodville" id="Woodville"></a>Woodville, Elizabeth, wife of Edward IV., iii. 124, 167, 168, 171, 176</li>
+
+<li><a name="Richard_Woodville" id="Richard_Woodville"></a>Woodville, Sir Richard, iii. 124.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Sir_Rivers">Rivers</a></li>
+
+<li>Woodward, John, vi. 167</li>
+
+<li><a name="Wool" id="Wool"></a>Wool,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">grants of, by Parliament to the king, ii. 230;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">taxation of, 107, 164, 298;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">trade in, under Edward I., 107;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">under Edward III., 226;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">  monopolized by him, 229;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">in the eighteenth century, viii. 53</li>
+
+<li>Woolsack, the Lord Chancellor's, ii. 226</li>
+
+<li>Worcester,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rising at, under Harthacnut, i. 148;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">threatened by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 18</li>
+
+<li>Worcester, Thomas Percy, earl of, iii. 13, 14</li>
+
+<li>Worcester, John Tiptoft, earl of, iii. 162</li>
+
+<li>Worcester, William of, ii. 179; iii. 40</li>
+
+<li>Worcestershire, salt springs in, ii. 107</li>
+
+<li>Wordsworth, William, viii. 135</li>
+
+<li>Worms,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">diet at, iii. 254;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Tyndale at, 260</li>
+
+<li>Worsted trade, iv. 279</li>
+
+<li><a name="Wriothesley" id="Wriothesley"></a>Wriothesley, Lord Chancellor, iv. 46.</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>See</i> <a href="#Southampton">Southampton</a></li>
+
+<li>Wulfhere, king of Mercia, i. 78, 85-87</li>
+
+<li>Wulfstan, St., bishop of Worcester, i. 192, 250</li>
+
+<li>Wulfstan explores the coast of Esthonia, i. 113</li>
+
+<li>Wurmser, General, viii. 123</li>
+
+<li>Wyatt, Sir Thomas, the elder, iv. 42</li>
+
+<li>Wyatt, Sir Thomas, the younger, iv. 82, 84, 85</li>
+
+<li>Wycherly, William, vi. 157, 163</li>
+
+<li>Wyclif, John, ii. 275-277;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his treatise <i>De Dominio Divino</i>, 278, 279;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">commissioner for negotiations with the Pope, 303;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his denunciation of Church property, 308, 309;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">summoned to trial for heresy, 309, 310;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his "Simple Priests," 317;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">denies Transubstantiation, 337;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">condemned at Oxford, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">at Blackfriars, 339;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his English tracts, 338, 356;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">petition to king and Parliament, 342;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his <i>Fasciculi Zizamorum</i>, 178;</li>
+  <li class="subitem"><i>Trias</i>, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his Bible, 178, 343;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">cited to Rome, 343;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">death, 344</li>
+
+<li>Wykeham, William of, bishop of Winchester, ii. 302, 305, 307-309</li>
+
+<li>Wykes's <i>Chronicle</i>, i. 274</li>
+
+<li>Wyndham, Sir William, vii. 168, 184</li>
+
+<li>Wolfe, General, vii. 267, 268</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Yeoman, the English, ii. 240, 241</li>
+
+<li>Yonge's (Walter) <i>Diary</i>, v. 71</li>
+
+<li>York,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">capital of Roman Britain, i. 36;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">occupied by William I., 167;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">stormed by rebels, 168;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">massacre of Jews at, ii. 129;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">provincial council at, 120;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Parliament at, 195;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">held for Elizabeth by Lord Sussex, iv. 269;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Charles I. at, v. 337, 378;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">besieged by Manchester, Fairfax, and Leven, vi. 18;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">surrenders, 22;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">its common pastures, i. 296;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">school at, 91;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">six shires of, 295;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">four wards, 296</li>
+
+<li><a name="Edmund_York" id="Edmund_York"></a>York, Edmund of Langley, Duke of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Edmund_Cambridge">Cambridge</a>),</li>
+  <li class="subitem">supports Richard II., ii. 370;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">regent, 379</li>
+
+<li>York, Edward, duke of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Albemarle">Albemarle</a>, <a href="#Rutland">Rutland</a>), iii. 15</li>
+
+<li>York, Frederick, duke of, viii. 108, 110, 140</li>
+
+<li><a name="Richard_York" id="Richard_York"></a>York, Richard, duke of (<i>see</i> <a href="#Richard_Cambridge">Cambridge</a>), iii. 30;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Regent of France, 56, 57;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">recalled, 60;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">sent to Ireland, 62, 63;</li>
+    <li class="subsubitem">returns, 67;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">struggle with Henry VI., 68-70;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protector of the Realm, 72;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">marriage, 73;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rises in arms, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Protector again, 74;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">raises his standard at Ludlow, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">flies to Ireland, 75;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">victory at Northampton, <i>ib.</i>;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">his claims to the crown, 75-77;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">slain, 78</li>
+
+<li>York House (Whitehall) built, iii. 236</li>
+
+<li>Yorkshire,</li>
+  <li class="subitem">Pilgrimage of Grace in, iii. 322;</li>
+  <li class="subitem">rise of manufactures in, v. 281</li>
+
+<li>York Town, Cornwallis's surrender at, viii. 32</li>
+
+<li>Young, member for Bristol in 1450, iii. 68</li>
+
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+
+<li>Zaragoza, siege of, viii. 187</li>
+
+<li>Zorndorf, battle of, vii. 263</li>
+
+<li><i>Z&uuml;rich Letters</i>, the, iv. 4</li>
+
+<li>Zutphen, battle of, iv. 349</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p class="p3"><i>Printed by</i> <span class="smcap">R. &amp; R. Clark, Limited</span>, <i>Edinburgh</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="notebox">
+<h2><a name="TN" id="TN"></a>Transcriber's Notes:</h2>
+
+<p>The following corrections have been made to the text:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Page 213: &AElig;thelfl&aelig;d{original has &AElig;thefl&aelig;d}, Lady of the Mercians</p>
+
+<p>Page 222: under the entry, Burgundy, Philip III., withdraws his troops
+from siege of Orleans{original has Orl&eacute;ans}</p>
+
+<p>Page 237: under the entry, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII.,
+Parliament refuses to oust her from the succession{original has
+sucession}</p>
+
+<p>Page 244: Gilbert, William, discovers terrestrial{original has
+terrestial} magnetism</p>
+
+<p>Page 282: Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley{original has Wroithesley},
+fourth Earl of</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
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+</body>
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@@ -0,0 +1,11975 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the English People, Index, by
+John Richard Green
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: History of the English People, Index
+
+Author: John Richard Green
+
+Release Date: May 20, 2008 [EBook #25533]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDEX OF ENGLISH HISTORY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Paul Murray, Lisa Reigel, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                               HISTORY
+
+                                  OF
+
+                          THE ENGLISH PEOPLE
+
+
+                                  BY
+
+                       JOHN RICHARD GREEN, M.A.
+               HONORARY FELLOW OF JESUS COLLEGE, OXFORD
+
+
+                                INDEX
+
+
+                                London
+                       MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD.
+                     NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO.
+                                 1896
+
+
+          _First Edition, 1879; Reprinted 1882, 1886, 1891._
+                      _Eversley Edition, 1896._
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+  Abbot, George, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 341;
+    his Puritanism, v. 90;
+    protests against Lady Essex's divorce, 191;
+    pleads for help for the Elector Palatine, 218;
+    suspended, 255
+
+  Abelard, i. 283, 285
+
+  Abercromby, General, vii. 266
+
+  Abercromby, Sir Ralph, viii. 140, 165
+
+  Aberdeen sacked by Montrose, vi. 23
+
+  Aberffraw, princes of, ii. 46, 108
+
+  Abergavenny besieged by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 11
+
+  Abergavenny, Edward Neville, first Lord, iii. 114
+
+  Abergavenny, George Neville, tenth Lord, vii. 23
+
+  Abermenai, English fleet repulsed from, ii. 54
+
+  "Abhorrers," vi. 314
+
+  Abingdon, Abbey of, its relations with Oxford, i. 306-308
+
+  Abingdon, James Bertie, first Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Aboukir, battle of, viii. 141
+
+  Acadia, strife of French and English in, vii. 242, 243
+
+  Accursi, Francesco, ii. 102
+
+  Aclea, battle of, i. 103
+
+  Acre, siege of, viii. 141
+
+  Acts of Parliament. _See_ Statutes
+
+  Adam of Usk, ii. 178
+
+  Adamnan's _Life of St. Columba_, i. 8
+
+  Adams, John, vii. 281
+
+  Addington, Henry, viii. 156, 170.
+    _See_ Sidmouth
+
+  Addison, Joseph, vii. 158, 159, 292
+
+  Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror, i. 214
+
+  Adelard of Bath, i. 282, 293
+
+  _Admonition to the Parliament_, iv. 296
+
+  Adrian IV., Pope, i. 250
+
+  Adrian VI., Pope, iii. 249
+
+  AElfheah, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 142;
+    translation of, 145
+
+  AElfred, king of Wessex, i. 105;
+    his struggle with the northmen, 106, 107;
+    treaty with them, 107;
+    character, 107-110;
+    rule, 111, 112;
+    literary and educational work, 113-115;
+    organization of fleet and fyrd, 116;
+    second struggle with northmen, _ib._, 117;
+    death, 117;
+    Asser's _Life of_, 5;
+    _Sayings of_, 278, 280
+
+  AElfred, son of AEthelred II., i. 147, 148
+
+  AElfric, ealdorman of Central Wessex, i. 140
+
+  AElla, king of Deira, i. 52, 53
+
+  AElle, king of the South Saxons, i. 34
+
+  AEsc, king of Kent, i. 49
+
+  AEthelbald, king of Mercia, i. 90, 96
+
+  AEthelbald, king of Wessex, i. 103
+
+  AEthelberht, king of Kent, i. 56, 57, 59, 62, 65
+
+  AEthelberht, king of Wessex, i. 103
+
+  AEthelflaed, Lady of the Mercians, i. 117, 118
+
+  AEthelgifu, mother-in-law of King Eadwig, i. 136, 137
+
+  AEthelfrith, king of Northumbria, i. 60, 62
+
+  AEtheling, the, i. 11
+
+  AEthelred, king of Mercia, i, 89
+
+  AEthelred I., king of Wessex, i. 103-105
+
+  AEthelred II., King, i. 139-141
+
+  AEthelred, ealdorman of Mercia, i. 117
+
+  AEthelric, king of Bernicia, i. 52, 53, 60
+
+  AEthelstan, King, i. 119, 120
+
+  AEthelweard's _Chronicle_, i. 5
+
+  AEthelwine, ealdorman of East Anglia, i. 139, 140
+
+  AEthelwulf, king of Wessex, i. 103
+
+  Agenois, dispute about, ii. 197, 198, 209, 219
+
+  Agincourt, battle of, iii. 30-32
+
+  Agitators, Council of, vi. 52, 53, 57
+
+  Agriculture, changes in, under Elizabeth, iv. 278
+
+  Aidan, St., i. 69-71
+
+  Aids, feudal, ii. 104;
+    "free," 152, 153
+
+  Aiguillon
+    taken by the Earl of Derby, ii. 234;
+    besieged by John of France, _ib._, 235
+
+  Aislabie, Chancellor of the Exchequer, vii. 192
+
+  Aix-la-Chapelle, peace of, vi. 250; vii. 231
+
+  Albany, Robert, first Duke of, iii. 9, 16
+
+  Albany, Alexander, third Duke of, iii. 232;
+    Protector of Scotland, 235;
+    struggle with Margaret, 247, 248
+
+  Albemarle, Edward, Duke of, ii. 380; iii. 7.
+    _See_ Rutland
+
+  Albemarle, George Monk, Duke of (_see_ Monk), vi. 193
+
+  Albemarle, Stephen, Count of, i. 192
+
+  Alberoni, Cardinal, vii. 186-188
+
+  Albigenses, ii. 7, 35
+
+  Albinus, friend of Baeda, i. 94
+
+  Alcwine, letters of, i. 4
+
+  Alderman of a gild, i. 299
+
+  Aldfrith, king of Northumbria, i. 91
+
+  Aldgate, Priory of Holy Trinity at, i. 223
+
+  Alencon,
+    William the Conqueror's vengeance on, i. 179;
+    reduced by Henry V., iii. 33
+
+  Alencon, Francis, Duke of. _See_ Anjou
+
+  Alexander III., Pope, i. 235
+
+  Alexander I., Czar of Russia, viii. 164, 180, 198, 202
+
+  Alexander III., king of Scots, ii. 135
+
+  Alfred of Beverley, i. 246
+
+  Alfune founds St. Giles', Cripplegate, i. 223
+
+  Algiers bombarded by Blake, vi. 116
+
+  Allen, Dr. William, iv. 307, 310, 353, 354;
+    his _Defense of the English Catholics_, 354
+
+  Alleyn, Joseph, vi. 223
+
+  Alliance, Grand, vii. 49;
+    its success, 79, 80, 88;
+    breaks up, 89;
+    the second, 107;
+    Triple, vi. 249; vii. 185
+
+  Almanza, battle of, vii. 134
+
+  Alva, Ferdinand Alvarez, Duke of, iv. 225, 257, 258, 298, 300, 335
+
+  Amboise,
+    conspiracy of, iv. 175;
+    edict of, 217
+
+  America,
+    early settlements in, iv. 329, 330, 345;
+    Puritan emigration to, v. 308-314, 319, 320;
+    English colonies in, vii. 236;
+      their progress, 237;
+      slavery in, _ib._;
+      education in, 238;
+      their political condition, 239, 240;
+      relations with England, 241, 243, 244;
+      strife with the French, 249;
+      Pitt's policy in, 266;
+    relations with England after the Seven Years' War, 280-283;
+    Bute's policy towards, 310, 311;
+    Grenville's, 320, 321, 326;
+    English and American theories of their relation to England, 320-325;
+    renewed attempt at taxation of, viii. 3, 4, 14;
+    war with England, 22-26, 32;
+    French settlements in, vii. 232, 242, 243;
+      ceded to England, 307;
+    Spanish conquests in, iv. 329, 330;
+    English trade with, vii. 216;
+    United States of, declare their independence, viii. 24;
+    alliance with France, 28;
+    peace with England, 41;
+    importance of their independence, 42-44;
+    increase of their carrying trade through the Continental System,
+        177;
+    embargo on trade with Europe, 182;
+    pass an Act of Non-Intercourse with England and France, 183;
+      repeal it, 184;
+    cease intercourse with Great Britain, 192;
+    war with England, 198, 203-205
+
+  Amherst, General, vii. 266, 267, 269
+
+  Amiens,
+    Mise of, ii. 68;
+    Peace of, viii. 167
+
+  Ancrum Moor, battle of, iv. 29
+
+  Anderida (Pevensey) destroyed by Saxons, i. 34
+
+  Andre, Bernard, his _Life of Henry VII._, iii. 83
+
+  Andredsweald, the, i. 33;
+    attacked by northmen, 116
+
+  Andrewes, Lancelot, Bishop of Winchester, v. 267
+
+  Aneurin, ii. 49, 53
+
+  Angeln, i. 9
+
+  Anglesea
+    conquered by Eadwine, i. 63;
+    reduced by an English fleet, ii. 109;
+    English routed in, 120
+
+  Angouleme
+    taken by Henry of Derby, ii. 234;
+    regained by John of Normandy, _ib._
+
+  Angoumois
+    restored to Edward III., ii. 266;
+    won by Du Guesclin, 287
+
+  Angus, Archibald Douglas, sixth (or ninth) Earl of, iii. 231; iv. 22,
+      29, 52
+
+  Anhalt, Christian, Duke of, v. 177
+
+  Anjou,
+    documents for early history of, i. 7;
+    counts of, 208-213;
+    conquered by Philip Augustus, 269;
+    cession of, ii. 63
+
+  Anjou, Francis, Duke of, iv. 313, 316, 336-338, 348
+
+  Anjou, Henry, Duke of, iv. 297, 298.
+    _See_ Henry III., king of France
+
+  Anjou, Rene, Duke of, iii. 61
+
+  Anlaf, the sea-king, i. 120
+
+  _Annales Angliae et Scotiae_, i. 274
+
+  _Annales Cambriae_, i. 7
+
+  Anne, daughter of James, Duke of York, vi. 309; vii. 28;
+    forsakes her father, 42;
+    relations with the Churchills, 109-111;
+    Queen, 112;
+    her "Bounty," 123;
+    resistance to the Whigs, 133;
+    temper and policy, 135, 136;
+    breaks with the Duchess of Marlborough, 138;
+    threat to the Electress Sophia, 144;
+    dismisses Oxford, 145;
+    dies, 146
+
+  Anne of Bohemia, wife of Richard II., ii. 348, 367
+
+  Anne of Cleves, wife of Henry VIII., iii. 351; iv. 17
+
+  Anselm, St., i. 193-196;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 196;
+    struggle with William Rufus, _ib._, 197;
+    recalled, 199;
+    crowns Matilda, 200;
+    supports Henry I., 201
+
+  Antonio, Don, claimant of Portugal, iv. 367
+
+  Antwerp,
+    its trade with England, iv. 257;
+    refugees from, 305, 324;
+    sacked, 310;
+    surrenders to Parma, 349
+
+  Appeal, Court of, i. 256
+
+  Appeals to the Pope, ii. 222;
+    protest of Edward III. against, 274;
+    forbidden, iii. 302;
+    from Scotland, Edward I.'s claim to, ii. 140
+
+  Appellant, the Lords, ii. 353, 354, 371
+
+  Aquitaine,
+    Henry Fitz-Empress's relations with, i. 226, 233;
+    revolts against Richard I., 263;
+    secured by Eleanor for John, 268;
+    submits to Philip Augustus, 270;
+    Edward III. does homage for, ii. 209;
+      granted him in full sovereignty, 266;
+    change in its attitude towards the English king, 280;
+    relations with Spain, 282;
+    rejects the hearth-tax, 285;
+    its barons appeal to France, _ib._;
+    regained by France, 287, 288;
+    granted by Richard II. to John of Gaunt, 369.
+    _See_ Guienne
+
+  Archangel, discovery of, iv. 283
+
+  Archers, the English, ii. 241, 242; iii. 31
+
+  Architecture
+    under Edward I., ii. 105, 106;
+    domestic, its developement under Elizabeth, iv. 285-287
+
+  Arcola, battle of, viii. 123
+
+  Arcot seized by Clive, vii. 235
+
+  Argyle, Archibald Campbell, fourth Earl of, iv. 114
+
+  Argyle, Archibald Campbell, fifth Earl of, iv. 223, 230, 245, 260
+
+  Argyle, Archibald Campbell, eighth Earl and first Marquis of (_see_
+      Lorne), v. 341;
+    his relations with Charles I., 363, 364;
+    defeated at Inverlochy, vi. 38;
+    restored to power, 63;
+    proclaims Charles II. king, 71;
+    death, 181; vii. 8
+
+  Argyle, Archibald Campbell, ninth Earl of, vii. 8, 9
+
+  Argyle, John Campbell, second Duke of, vii. 146, 183
+
+  Aristotle, Edmund Rich lectures on, i. 288, 293
+
+  Arkwright, Richard, viii. 60
+
+  Arles, kingdom of, i. 262
+
+  Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of (_see_ Bennet),
+    Secretary of State, vi. 245;
+    policy in Triple Alliance, 248, 250;
+    Charles's confidant in the Treaty of Dover, 258;
+    dismissed, 281
+
+  Arlotta, mother of William the Conqueror, i. 157
+
+  Armada, the Spanish,
+    its gathering, iv. 344;
+    sails, 356;
+    off the Lizard, 357;
+    its force, 360;
+    reaches Calais, 361;
+    its flight, 362;
+    ruin, 363;
+    its results, 364, 365;
+    the second, v. 60
+
+  Armagnac, Bernard, Count of, iii. 16, 17
+
+  Arminians, the, v. 114, 266
+
+  Arms, Assize of, i. 257
+
+  Army, the English,
+    its double character, ii. 240;
+    the feudal, its composition, ii. 239;
+    raised by the Parliament against Charles I., vi. 1;
+    of the Associated Counties, 8, 13, 18;
+    the New Model, 35-37;
+    its character and policy, 50-52;
+    seizes the king, 53;
+    its "Humble Representation," _ib._, 54;
+    marches on London, _ib._;
+    negotiates with the Parliament, 54;
+    with the king, 55;
+    enters London, 56;
+    resolves to bring Charles to account, 61;
+    invades Scotland, 62;
+    demands justice on the king, 64;
+    struggle with the Parliament, 65, 66;
+    mutiny in, 75;
+    petitions for a new Parliament, 87;
+    struggle with the Rump, 89;
+    recalls the Rump, 149;
+    drives it out again, 150;
+    relations with Monk, 150, 151;
+    its dissolution, 153;
+    Charles II.'s, 182, 183; vii. 4;
+    increased by James II., 11;
+    Catholic officers in, 14, 15;
+    Parliament's control over it established, vii. 61;
+    reduced under William III., 97;
+    increased again, 105, 107
+
+  Army Plot, v. 359, 360
+
+  Arnold, General, viii. 23
+
+  Arran, James Hamilton, second Earl of, iv. 26, 199
+
+  Arras, treaties of, iii. 56, 120, 170
+
+  Arteveldt, Jacques van, ii. 227, 233
+
+  Arteveldt, Philip van, ii. 349
+
+  Arthur, leader of the Britons, i. 34;
+    legends of, 246, 247; ii. 57
+
+  Arthur of Britanny, i. 247, 260, 268
+
+  Arthur, son of Henry VII., iii. 186, 187
+
+  Articles of Religion, 1536, iii. 333, 337, 338;
+    Five, iv. 156;
+    Forty-two, 59, 160;
+    Six, iii. 346;
+    repealed, iv. 48;
+    Thirty-nine, 59, 216;
+    magistrates and public officers compelled to subscribe to, 273;
+    subscription of ministers to, v. 156;
+    Three (Whitgift's), iv. 341, 342; v. 115, 116
+
+  Articles, Lords of the, iv. 228
+
+  Artillery,
+    first instance known of its use in field warfare, ii. 237;
+    results of its introduction, iii. 95, 96
+
+  Arundel, Thomas, Bishop of Ely, ii. 352;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 367, 370, 371, 373;
+    persecuting tendencies, iii. 4;
+    urges Richard II.'s death, 7;
+    prevents confiscation of Church property, 15, 21;
+    removed from the chancellorship, 25;
+    convicts Lord Cobham of heresy, 27
+
+  Arundel, Richard Fitz-Alan, fourth Earl of, ii. 353, 367, 370, 371
+
+  Arundel, Henry Fitz-Alan, twelfth Earl of, iv. 173, 267, 268
+
+  Arundel, Thomas Howard, fourteenth Earl of, v. 248
+
+  Arundell of Wardour, Henry, third Lord, vi. 256, 296; vii. 20
+
+  Ascham, Roger, iv. 134, 135
+
+  Ashdown, battle of, i. 105
+
+  Ashley, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Lord (_see_ Cooper), vi. 194;
+    opposes the Act of Uniformity, 208;
+    character, 216, 217;
+    policy, 218, 219;
+    Chancellor of the Exchequer, 245;
+    change in his attitude on the question of toleration, 252;
+    advises a dissolution, 253;
+    schemes of toleration, 259;
+    attitude towards war with Holland, 260.
+    _See_ Shaftesbury
+
+  Assandun, battle of, i. 143
+
+  Assembly, the French National, viii. 86
+
+  Asser, i. 5, 113
+
+  Assize
+    of Arms, i. 257;
+    of Clarendon, 238;
+    of the Forest, 267;
+    of Northampton, 255
+
+  Astley, Sir Jacob, vi. 42
+
+  Aston, Sir Arthur, vi. 76
+
+  Athelney,
+    AElfred at, i. 106;
+    abbey at, 114
+
+  Athenree, battle of, ii. 376
+
+  Athlone captured by the English, iii. 329
+
+  Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of Rochester, vii. 167
+
+  Audley, James Touchet, Lord, iii. 74
+
+  Aughrim, battle of, vii. 73
+
+  Augsburg,
+    conference at, iv. 21;
+    treaty of, vii. 27
+
+  Augustine, St., Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 57-59
+
+  Austerlitz, battle of, viii. 173
+
+  Australia, vii. 278
+
+  Austria, Charles, Archduke of, iv. 193, 195
+
+  Austria, Don John of, iv. 310-312
+
+  Auxerre, battle near, iii. 39
+
+  Avaux, Count of, vii. 59
+
+  Avesbury, Robert of, ii. 177
+
+  Avignon, the Popes at, ii. 216, 217, 221, 224
+
+  Avowal, the, v. 268
+
+  Avranches taken by Henry V., iii. 33
+
+  Axholme, the Disinherited at, ii. 84, 85
+
+  Aylesford, battle of, i. 33
+
+  Aylmer, John, iv. 119
+
+  Ayrshire, rising in, vi. 62
+
+
+  Babington, Anthony, iv. 351, 352
+
+  Bacon, Francis, v. 46-55;
+    his political career, 222-224;
+    last years, 225;
+    _Life of Henry VII._, iii. 83
+
+  Bacon, Sir Nicholas, iv. 152
+
+  Bacon, Roger, i. 293; ii. 14-19;
+    his _Opus Majus_, 19-21
+
+  Badajoz stormed, viii. 199
+
+  Badbury, battle of, i. 34
+
+  Badby, Thomas, iii. 22
+
+  Badlesmere, Lady, ii. 195
+
+  Baeda, i. 91-95;
+    his _History_, 4, 94
+
+  Baillie's _Letters_, v. 73
+
+  Bale, Bishop of Ossory, iv. 63, 109, 119, 128, 129
+
+  Ball, John, ii. 268, 269, 318, 319, 336
+
+  Balliol, Edward,
+    acknowledged as king of Scots at the English court, ii. 204;
+    seizes the crown, 210;
+    driven out, 211;
+    restored, 212;
+    withdraws to England, 213, 214;
+    resigns, 253
+
+  Balliol, John,
+    claimant of the Scottish crown, ii. 136;
+    king, 138;
+    resists Edward's claim to receive appeals, 140;
+    alliance with France, 160;
+    defies Edward, 161;
+    surrenders, _ib._;
+    released and goes to France, 170
+
+  Balmerino, Arthur Elphinston, sixth Lord, vii. 230
+
+  Bamborough
+    founded by Ida, i. 52;
+    attacked by Penda, 71
+
+  Bancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 341; v. 156, 165
+
+  Bank of England founded, vii. 86;
+    suspends specie payments, viii. 126
+
+  Bankers, foreign, in England, under Edward I., ii. 106, 107;
+    expelled, 189
+
+  Bannockburn, battle of, ii. 192, 193
+
+  Bantry Bay, battle in, vii. 68
+
+  Baptists, rise of the, vi. 28
+
+  Barbour, John, ii. 177
+
+  Barbury Hill, battle of, i. 37
+
+  Bardolf, Thomas, Lord, iii. 18, 19
+
+  Bards, the Welsh, ii. 53, 56; iii. 11
+
+  Barebones, Praise-God, vi. 95
+
+  "Bargemen" of Oxford, i. 308
+
+  Barham Down, muster at, i. 333; ii. 74
+
+  Barillon, French ambassador in England, vi. 298
+
+  Barlow, Bishop of St. David's, iii. 336
+
+  Barnes, Robert, iii. 262
+
+  Barnet, battle of, iii. 142
+
+  _Barnwell, Annals of_, i. 174, 273
+
+  Barons,
+    their struggle with William I., i. 188-190;
+      with William Rufus, 191, 192;
+      with Henry I., 201, 202;
+    misdoings under Stephen, 220, 221;
+    Henry II.'s dealings with, 233;
+    change in their attitude towards crown and people, 325;
+    relations with John, 332, 338, 339, 343;
+      alliance with the Welsh against him, ii. 55;
+    meeting at St. Edmund's, i. 344;
+    at Brackley, 346;
+    rise in arms, _ib._, 347;
+    confer with John at Runnymede, 347;
+    excommunicated by Innocent III., 354;
+    call Lewis of France to their aid, 355;
+    feudal party among, ii. 4, 5;
+    refuse an aid to the Pope, 27;
+    refuse subsidies to Henry III., 34, 35;
+    their plan of reform, 37, 38;
+    league against Henry III., 59, 60;
+    expel the foreigners, 62;
+    their rule, _ib._, 63;
+    divisions among, 64;
+    rise in arms, 67;
+    submit to arbitration, 68;
+    victory at Lewes, 70, 71;
+    position after the war, 114;
+    relations with Edward I., 115-117;
+    decrease in numbers, 146, 147;
+    struggle with Edward I., 164-166;
+    relations with Edward II., 184, 190;
+    under Edward III., relations with the crown, 293;
+      with the Church, 294;
+    their decline, iii. 94-96;
+    effect of the French war on, 103, 104;
+    new race of, under Henry VIII., iv. 13, 41;
+    the northern, plot against Elizabeth, iv. 266, 267;
+      rise, 268;
+      defeated, 269;
+    "greater" and "lesser," ii. 145;
+    of the Exchequer, i. 206;
+    of London, 319
+
+  Barrier, the Dutch, vii. 102, 182
+
+  Barrow, Isaac, vi. 167
+
+  Bartholomew's Day, St.,
+    the English, vi. 209;
+    the French, iv. 299
+
+  Basing House, siege of, vi. 42
+
+  Basle, treaty of, viii. 111
+
+  Bassano, battle of, viii. 123
+
+  Basset, Philip, ii. 66
+
+  Basset, Thomas, i. 345
+
+  Bastille, capture of the, viii. 83
+
+  Bastwick, John, v. 329
+
+  Bates's case, v. 161
+
+  Bath, the thegns of Wessex submit to Swein at, i. 143
+
+  Bath, Henry de, ii. 33
+
+  Battle Abbey, i. 164
+
+  Bauge, battle of, iii. 36
+
+  Bautzen, battle of, viii. 201
+
+  Bavaria, Maximilian, Duke of, v. 177, 219
+
+  Bavaria, Maximilian Emmanuel, Elector of, vii. 101, 102
+
+  Bavaria, Joseph, Electoral Prince of, vii. 92, 94
+
+  Baxter, Richard,
+    his address to Richard Cromwell, vi. 147;
+    his eminence as controversialist and pastor, 210;
+    his account of the expelled clergy, 222;
+    supports a scheme of comprehension, 252;
+    refuses the Indulgence, vii. 22;
+    his _Autobiography_, vi. 157
+
+  Bayeux
+    surrendered to Henry V., iii. 33;
+    northmen of, i. 155, 156
+
+  Baylen, surrender of French troops at, viii. 186
+
+  Bayonne submits to Charles VII., iii. 69
+
+  Beachy Head, battle of, vii. 75
+
+  Beaton, Cardinal, iv. 24, 33, 34
+
+  Beauchamp, Edward Seymour Lord, v. 66, 121
+
+  Beaufort, Edmund, Earl of Dorset, iii. 59;
+    Regent of France, 60.
+    _See_ Somerset
+
+  Beaufort, Henry, Bishop of Winchester,
+    chancellor, iii. 25, 43;
+    struggle with Humphrey of Gloucester, 44;
+    Cardinal and Legate, _ib._;
+    supports Bedford, 55;
+    retires, 59
+
+  Beaufort, John. _See_ Somerset
+
+  Beaufort, Margaret, iii. 165, 166, 172
+
+  Beaujeu, Anne of, iii. 170, 171
+
+  Beaumont, Henry I.'s palace of, at Oxford, i. 284, 307
+
+  Bec, school of, i. 159
+
+  Beckford, Alderman, vii. 256
+
+  Bedford
+    reduced by Eadward the Elder, i. 119;
+    castle of, besieged by Hubert de Burgh, ii. 5
+
+  Bedford, John, Duke of, iii. 38;
+    regent of France, 39;
+    alliance with Burgundy, _ib._;
+    victories in France, _ib._, 40;
+      difficulties, 44, 45;
+    rule in Normandy, 55;
+    death, 56
+
+  Bedford, John Russell, first Earl of, iv. 47.
+    _See_ Russell
+
+  Bedford, Francis Russell, fourth Earl of, v. 358
+
+  Bedford, William Russell, fifth Earl of, vi. 1
+
+  Bedford, John Russell, fourth Duke of, vii. 242, 315, 317; viii. 4, 16
+
+  Bedloe, William, vi. 297
+
+  Beket, Gilbert, i. 225, 303
+
+  Beket, Thomas, i. 225;
+    agent of Archbishop Theobald, 226;
+    chancellor, 232;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 235;
+    rejects Constitutions of Clarendon, 236;
+    at council of Northampton, 237;
+    flight, _ib._;
+    struggle with Henry II., 239;
+    returns to England, 240;
+    murdered, 241;
+    canonized, _ib._;
+    Henry's penance at his shrine, 255;
+    his shrine desecrated, iii. 344
+
+  Belesme, Robert of, i. 201, 202; ii. 47
+
+  Bellahoe, battle of, iii. 329
+
+  Bellasys, John, first Lord, vi. 256, 296; vii. 20
+
+  Bellingham, Sir Edward, iv. 110
+
+  Bellingham, John, viii. 196
+
+  Benedict XII., Pope, ii. 218, 219
+
+  Benedict Biscop, i. 79, 91, 92
+
+  "Benedict of Peterborough," i. 174, 244
+
+  "Benevolences"
+    under Edward IV., iii. 152;
+      declared illegal, 168;
+    levied again, 171, 177;
+    extension under Wolsey, 244, 251;
+    resisted, 251, 252;
+    again demanded, iv. 34;
+    demanded by James I., v. 197, 198, 229;
+    by Charles I., 253
+
+  Bengal, Clive's successes in, vii. 261
+
+  Bennet, Henry, vi. 221.
+    _See_ Arlington
+
+  Bensington, battle of, i. 98
+
+  Bentham, Jeremy, viii. 195
+
+  Beorn, nephew of Earl Godwine, i. 150, 151
+
+  Beornwulf, king of Mercia, i. 102
+
+  _Beowulf, Song of_, i. 24-26
+
+  Bergerac taken by Henry of Derby, ii. 234
+
+  Berkeley Castle, Edward II. murdered in, ii. 200
+
+  Berkley, Sir Robert, v. 331, 351
+
+  Berlin Decree, Napoleon's, viii. 176
+
+  Bernicia
+    conquered by the English, i. 52;
+      by Eadwine, 62;
+    recalls the line of AEthelfrith, 66;
+    struggle against Penda, 71, 72
+
+  Bernicians conquer Deira, i. 52, 53
+
+  Bertha of Paris, wife of AEthelberht of Kent, i. 57
+
+  Berwick
+    stormed by Edward I., ii. 160, 161;
+    Parliament at, 162;
+    captured by Bruce, 194;
+    by Edward III., ii. 211, 212;
+    its peculiar political position, 212;
+    recaptured by the Scots, 259, 263;
+    Pacification at, v. 337
+
+  Berwick, James FitzJames, Duke of, vii. 119, 134
+
+  Beverley, peasant revolt at, ii. 324
+
+  Bible,
+    Wyclif's translation of, ii. 178, 343;
+      Tyndale's, iii. 259-261;
+        its circulation forbidden, 290;
+    Coverdale's, 334, 335;
+    misuse of, 344;
+    its popularity, v. 82;
+    literary influence, 83, 84;
+    social influence, 84, 85;
+    religious influence, 85;
+    the Geneva, iv. 128;
+    forbidden, v. 296
+
+  "Bible-men," iii. 96
+
+  Bidassoa, battle on the, viii. 202
+
+  Bigod, Hugh, first Earl of Norfolk, i. 254
+
+  Bigod, Roger, second Earl of Norfolk, i. 343
+
+  Bigod, Roger, fourth Earl of Norfolk, ii. 45
+
+  Bigod, Roger, fifth Earl of Norfolk, ii. 164-166
+
+  Bigod, Hugh, Justiciar, ii. 60, 64, 66
+
+  Bigorre restored to Edward III., ii. 266
+
+  Billericay, villagers of, resist Richard II., ii. 332
+
+  Bilney, Thomas, iii. 262
+
+  Birinus, St., bishop in Wessex, i. 71
+
+  Birmingham, its rise, vii. 196
+
+  Bishoprics, new, erected under Henry VIII., iv. 13
+
+  Bishops
+    excluded from State offices, ii. 302;
+    denounce Oldcastle and the Lollards, iii. 27;
+    mode of appointment, 307, 308;
+    position under Henry VIII., 308;
+    under Edward VI., _ib._, iv. 60;
+    proposal to exclude them from the House of Lords, v. 354, 355, 371;
+      excluded, 377;
+    restored, vi. 204;
+    position under the Georges, vii. 171, 172;
+    the Seven, 30, 31;
+    in Scotland, their position under Knox, v. 137;
+      abolished, 140;
+      restored, 143, 166, 167
+
+  "Bishops' War," the, v. 341-343
+
+  _Black Book_, the, of 1536, iii. 310
+
+  Black Death, the, ii. 252-254, 266, 288;
+    its social results, 254, 255
+
+  Blackfriars,
+    Council at, ii. 339;
+    trial of Henry VIII.'s divorce at, iii. 276;
+    first public theatre at, v. 22
+
+  Blacklow Hill, Gaveston beheaded on, ii. 190
+
+  Blake, Robert,
+    his defence of Taunton, vi. 78;
+    commands the fleet against Rupert, _ib._;
+    fights with Tromp and Ruyter, 86, 88;
+    bombards Algiers, 116;
+    victory at Santa Cruz, 124;
+    outrage on his corpse, 201
+
+  Blanchard, Alan, iii. 33, 34
+
+  Blanche of Bourbon, wife of Pedro of Castille, ii. 282
+
+  Blanche-Taque, ford of, ii. 236
+
+  Blenheim, battle of, vii. 120-122
+
+  Blois, Charles of, claimant of Britanny, ii. 233, 248
+
+  Blondel, _De Reductione Normanniae_, ii. 179
+
+  "Bloody Circuit," the, vii. 10, 11
+
+  Bloreheath, battle of, iii. 74
+
+  Blount, Sir Thomas, ii. 200
+
+  Bluecher, Marshal, viii. 207, 210
+
+  Boat, an Old English, found in Sleswick, i. 27, 28
+
+  "Boatmen" of London, i. 308
+
+  Bohemia, Protestant rising in, v. 216-219
+
+  Bohun, Henry de, first Earl of Hereford, i. 343
+
+  Bohun, Humfrey de, third Earl of Hereford, ii. 164, 166
+
+  Bohun, Henry de, ii. 192
+
+  Boleyn, Anne, iii. 267, 270, 273, 288;
+    marries Henry VIII., 303;
+    crowned, _ib._;
+    beheaded, 323
+
+  Boleyn, George, iii. 267
+
+  Boleyn, Sir Thomas, iii. 267, 268.
+    _See_ Wiltshire
+
+  Bolinbroke, Roger, iii. 58
+
+  Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, Viscount (_see_ St. John), vii. 140;
+    his scheme of a treaty of commerce, 142;
+    rivalry with Harley, 143;
+    his Schism Bill, _ib._;
+    appoints Jacobites to office, 145;
+    flies to the Pretender, 168;
+      becomes his Secretary of State, 183;
+    returns to England, 204;
+    withdraws again, _ib._
+
+  Bologna, University of, i. 282
+
+  Bombay ceded to England, vi. 192; vii. 232
+
+  Boniface, St., letters of, i. 4
+
+  Boniface VIII., Pope, ii. 163, 170, 217, 224
+
+  Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 32, 72
+
+  Bonner, Bishop of London, iv. 74, 89, 95, 97;
+    sets up Bibles in St. Paul's, v. 82
+
+  Bordeaux,
+    Parliament of Gascony at, ii. 285;
+    Richard II. born at, 306;
+    surrenders to Charles VII., iii. 68, 71
+
+  Born, Bertrand de, i. 263
+
+  Borodino, battle of, viii. 200
+
+  Boroughbridge, battle of, ii. 195
+
+  Boroughs,
+    their developement after Norman Conquest, i. 177;
+    "farm" of, ii. 152;
+    representation in Parliament, 73, 121, 152-154;
+    reluctance to attend, 155;
+    restriction of franchise in, iii. 99-101;
+    new, created under the Tudors, iv. 234, 235;
+    change in character of their representatives, 234, 235;
+    qualification of members for, 235;
+    the Five, i. 117, 120.
+    _See_ Towns
+
+  Borough-moot, the, i. 296
+
+  Boscawen, Admiral, vii. 266
+
+  Boston, outrage of barons on merchants at, ii. 116
+
+  Boston (Massachusetts),
+    its foundation, v. 310, 311;
+    occupied by British troops, viii. 14;
+    tea-riots at, 17, 18;
+    siege of, 22, 23
+
+  Bosworth Field, battle of, iii. 172
+
+  Bothwell, James Hepburn, Earl of, iv. 226, 229;
+    plots against Darnley, 242, 243;
+    contrives his death, 244;
+    charged with murder, _ib._;
+    marries Mary, 245;
+    flies, 246
+
+  Boulogne
+    captured by Henry VIII., iv. 30;
+    restored to France, 33, 57;
+    Napoleon's camp at, viii. 170, 171
+
+  Bourbon, Cardinal of, iv. 348, 369, 372
+
+  Bourbon, Charles, Duke of, iii. 246, 247, 269
+
+  Bouvines,
+    battle of, i. 342;
+    besieged by Flemings, ii. 234
+
+  Bow, the English, ii. 241, 242
+
+  Boxley, miraculous rood at, iii. 343
+
+  Boyle, Robert, vi. 166
+
+  Boyne, battle of the, vii. 71
+
+  "Boys," the, vii. 204, 226, 249
+
+  Brabant, John III., Duke of, ii. 227, 244
+
+  Brabant, John IV., Duke of, iii. 42, 43, 45
+
+  Brackley, barons meet at, i. 346
+
+  Braddock, General, vii. 245
+
+  Bradford on Avon, battle of, i. 87
+
+  Bradford, John, iv. 132
+
+  Bradshaw, John, vi. 66, 91, 101;
+    outrage on his corpse, 201
+
+  Bradwardine, Thomas, ii. 276
+
+  Bramber, Sir Nicholas, ii. 353
+
+  Bramham Moor, battle of, iii. 19
+
+  Brandywine, battle of, viii. 25
+
+  Braose, William de, i. 332
+
+  Breaute, Faukes de, ii. 4, 5
+
+  Brecknock
+    stormed by AEthelflaed, i. 118;
+    Mortimer routed at, ii. 88
+
+  Breda,
+    Declaration of, vi. 152;
+    Treaty of, 241, 243, 247
+
+  Breitenfeld, battle of, v. 275
+
+  Bremen, quarrel about, vii. 188, 189
+
+  Brentford captured by Prince Rupert, vi. 3
+
+  Breslau, treaty of, vii. 223
+
+  Brest
+    held by England, ii. 316;
+    restored to Britanny, 368
+
+  Bretigny, peace of, ii. 266
+
+  Brewer or Briwere, William, i. 345; ii. 6
+
+  Breze, Pierre de, iii. 121
+
+  Bribery, parliamentary, its beginnings, vi. 285, 300
+
+  Brice's day, St., massacre of, i. 141
+
+  Bridgeman, Sir Orlando, vi. 184
+
+  Bridgewater, John Egerton, first Earl of, v. 305
+
+  Bridgewater, Francis Egerton, third Duke of, viii. 55
+
+  Brigham, treaty of, ii. 135
+
+  Brihtnoth, ealdorman of East-Anglia, i. 139
+
+  Brindley, James, viii. 55, 56
+
+  Bristol,
+    its slave-trade, i. 250;
+    surrender to Henry of Lancaster, iii. 18;
+    Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96;
+    trade with Ireland, 282;
+    surrender to Rupert, vi. 12;
+    to the Parliament, 41;
+    prosperity under Walpole, vii. 196
+
+  Bristol, George Digby, second Earl of, vi. 221
+
+  Britain,
+    its condition under the Romans, i. 29, 30;
+    legions withdrawn from, 31;
+    attacked by Picts, Scots and Saxons, _ib._;
+    becomes England, 39, 138;
+    English conquest of, its peculiar character, 39-44;
+    authorities for, 3
+
+  Britain, Great, United Kingdom of, vii. 128
+
+  Britanny
+    submits to William the Conqueror, i. 158;
+    war of succession in, ii. 233, 248;
+    coast harried by an English fleet, iii. 16;
+    relations with France and England, 166, 171, 179, 180
+
+  Britanny, Anne of, iii. 179, 180
+
+  Britanny, John, Duke of, ii. 315
+
+  Britons
+    defeated by Jutes in Kent, i. 33;
+    their stubborn resistance, 40-42;
+    alliance with Penda, 66;
+    of Cumbria, defeated by AEthelfrith, 60, 61;
+      by Ecgfrith, 87;
+    of Strathclyde, their struggle with AEthelfrith, 60;
+    submit to Eadward the Elder, 119
+
+  Broc, Ranulf de, i. 241
+
+  Broglie, General, vii. 264
+
+  Brooke, Robert Greville, second Lord, v. 320, 354; vi. 7
+
+  Brooklyn, battle of, viii. 24
+
+  Brothers of the Pen, iii. 154
+
+  Brown, Robert, v. 117
+
+  Brown, William, martyr under Mary, iv. 95
+
+  Browne, Archbishop of Dublin, iii. 341, 342; iv. 62, 63
+
+  Browne, William, his _Pastorals_, v. 304
+
+  Brownists, v. 117, 308
+
+  Bruce, David, ii. 206;
+    king of Scotland, 210;
+    driven out, 211, 212;
+    goes to France, 213;
+    returns, 214, 229;
+    prisoner, 243;
+    released, 263;
+    dies, 286
+
+  Bruce, Edward, ii. 376
+
+  Bruce, Robert, claimant of Scotland, ii. 136
+
+  Bruce, Robert (Earl of Carrick), ii. 161, 170
+
+  Bruce, Robert, grandson of the claimant, ii. 172;
+    kills Comyn of Badenoch, 173;
+    crowned, _ib._;
+    put to flight, 174;
+    character and adventures, 183, 184;
+    his successes, 191-194;
+    disabled by leprosy, 204;
+    acknowledged as king by England, 206;
+    dies, 210
+
+  Bruges,
+    negotiations at, ii. 303;
+    gild of St. John at, iii. 154;
+    Caxton at, 155
+
+  Brunanburh, battle of, i. 120
+
+  Brune, General, viii. 140
+
+  Brunswick, Charles William, Duke of, viii. 101
+
+  Brunswick, Ferdinand, Prince of, vii. 263, 264, 302
+
+  _Brut, Chronicle of the_, Caxton's edition of, iii. 157
+
+  _Brut y Tywysogion_, i. 7
+
+  Brynglas, battle of, iii. 11, 13
+
+  Buchan, Isabel, Countess of, ii. 173
+
+  Buchan, constable of, iii. 39
+
+  Buchanan, George, v. 124
+
+  Buckingham, Henry Stafford, Duke of, iii. 163, 164, 166-168
+
+  Buckingham, Edward Stafford, Duke of, iii. 242
+
+  Buckingham, George Villiers, first Duke of (_see_ Villiers), v. 208;
+    relations with Bacon, 222, 225;
+    goes with Charles to Madrid, 232;
+      returns, 233;
+    his mastery over James, 235;
+    policy, 236-238;
+    relations with Charles I., 244;
+    failure of his plans, 247;
+    impeached, 250;
+    urges the forced loan, 255;
+    expedition to La Rochelle, 259;
+    slain, 265
+
+  Buckingham, George Villiers, second Duke of, vi. 163, 165;
+    in Cabal ministry, 245, 253;
+    negotiations with Lewis, 258;
+    dismissed, 281;
+    committed to the Tower, 288
+
+  Bulmer, Lady, iii. 325
+
+  Bungay, Friar, iii. 97
+
+  Bunker's Hill, battle of, viii. 22
+
+  Bunyan, John, v. 103, 104; vi. 262-265;
+    his _Pilgrim's Progress_, 265-267;
+    refuses the Indulgence, vii. 22
+
+  Buonaparte, Jerome, viii. 185
+
+  Buonaparte, Joseph, viii. 185, 186, 200
+
+  Buonaparte, Louis, viii. 185
+
+  Buonaparte, Napoleon, viii. 109, 113;
+    campaign in Italy, 122, 123, 125;
+    marches on Vienna, 125;
+    designs on India, 131;
+    conquers Malta and Egypt, 132;
+    campaign in Syria, 141;
+    victory at Aboukir, _ib._;
+    First Consul, 142;
+    victory at Marengo, _ib._;
+    his policy and aims, 146, 147, 158, 168-170.
+    _See_ Napoleon
+
+  Burdett, Sir Francis, viii. 195
+
+  Burford, battle of, i. 96
+
+  Burgh, Hubert de, ii. 2-5, 29, 30
+
+  Burgh-upon-Sands, Edward I. dies at, ii. 174
+
+  "Burghers," i. 315
+
+  Burgos, siege of, viii. 200
+
+  Burgoyne, General, viii. 25, 26
+
+  Burgundy, Philip I., Duke of, ii. 265
+
+  Burgundy, Philip II., Duke of, ii. 286; iii. 5, 6, 12, 14
+
+  Burgundy, Philip III., Duke of,
+    alliance with Henry V., iii. 35;
+    relations with Brabant, 42, 43, 45;
+    withdraws his troops from siege of Orleans, 46;
+    sells Jeanne d'Arc to the English, 53;
+    joins Charles VII., 56, 122;
+    cedes Picardy to Lewis XI., 122;
+    mediates between Lewis and Edward, _ib._;
+    dies, 130
+
+  Burgundy, John, Duke of, iii. 16, 17;
+    relations with England and France, 23, 24, 32;
+    assassinated, 35
+
+  Burgundy, Charles the Bold, Duke of. _See_ Charles
+
+  Burgundy, Mary of, iii. 146, 147, 150, 151, 170
+
+  "Burh," the old English, i. 294
+
+  Burke, Edmund, vii. 332-337;
+    supports the Declaratory Act, 338;
+    attacks the Chatham ministry, 341;
+    his scheme for reform of the constituencies, viii. 10;
+    his proposals for conciliating America rejected, 20;
+    his bill of Economical Reform, 64, 76;
+    refuses office under Shelburne, 65;
+    attitude towards the French Revolution, 87, 89;
+    share in the impeachment of Hastings, 90;
+    _Reflections_, _ib._;
+    quarrel with Fox, 92, 93;
+    _Appeal from the new to the old Whigs_, 93;
+    supports the government against France, 104;
+    _Letters on a Regicide Peace_, 116;
+    death, 126
+
+  Burleigh, William Cecil, Lord (_see_ Cecil), iv. 352;
+    protests against expulsion of Puritan clergy, 342;
+    his tract on _The Execution of Justice_, 5;
+    his ill-will to Spenser, v. 12;
+    death, 63
+
+  Burley, Sir Simon, ii. 353
+
+  Burnet, Gilbert, vi. 169;
+    bishop of Salisbury, vii. 65;
+    his _History of his own Time_, vi. 157
+
+  Burns, Robert, viii. 46
+
+  _Burton, Annals of_, i. 273
+
+  Burton, John, v. 329
+
+  Burton, Thomas, his _Diary_, v. 37
+
+  Busaco, battle of, viii. 190
+
+  Bute, John Stuart, third Earl of, vii. 302, 303;
+    Prime Minister, 306;
+    policy towards America, 310, 311;
+    fall, 314
+
+  Butler, Joseph, vi. 169
+
+  Butler, Samuel, vi. 162
+
+  Butler, the king's, origin of his office, i. 132
+
+  Buttington, battle of, i. 117
+
+  Byng, Admiral, vii. 248
+
+  Byron, Commodore, vii. 277
+
+
+  "Cabal," the, vi. 246, 303
+
+  Cabinet, the, its origin, vi. 303
+
+  Cabot, Sebastian, iii. 189; iv. 283, 330
+
+  Cade, John, iii. 64-67
+
+  Cadiz,
+    Drake's expedition to, iv. 355;
+    English descents on, v. 60, 247;
+    blockaded by an English fleet, vii. 223
+
+  Cadwallon, king of the Britons, i. 66, 67
+
+  Caedmon, i. 77, 78
+
+  Caen
+    sacked by Edward III., ii. 235;
+    stormed by Henry V., iii. 33;
+    university at, 55
+
+  Caermarthen besieged by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 14
+
+  Caernarvon, castle built at, ii. 121
+
+  Cahors, bankers of, ii. 107, 130
+
+  Calabria, John, Duke of, iii. 126
+
+  Calais
+    besieged by Edward III., ii. 243;
+      surrenders, 244;
+    the six burgesses, 245-247;
+    ceded to Edward, 266;
+    threatened by the French, iii. 69, 70;
+    Warwick repulsed from, 135;
+    won by Guise, iv. 108;
+    restored to France, 158
+
+  Calamy, Edmund, v. 354; vi. 157
+
+  Calcutta,
+    its origin, vii. 232;
+    the Black Hole of, 261
+
+  Calvin, John, iv. 119, 123, 126
+
+  Calvinism,
+    system of, iv. 123-126;
+    its political tendency, 171;
+    in Scotland, accepted by Parliament, 187;
+    its establishment sanctioned by Mary Stuart, 245;
+    its growth in England, v. 86-89.
+    _See_ Presbyterianism
+
+  Calvinists,
+    German, their position after Peace of Passau, v. 176, 177;
+    Scotch, suppress Catholicism by force, iv. 218
+
+  Cambray
+    occupied by Philip VI. of France, ii. 219;
+    besieged by Edward III., 220, 228;
+    negotiations at, iv. 145;
+    League of, iii. 206;
+    treaty of, 234
+
+  Cambridge, University of,
+    its charters burnt by townsfolk, ii. 324;
+    the New Learning at, iii. 201;
+    Erasmus at, _ib._, 212, 213;
+    resistance to benevolences at, 251;
+    Lutherans at, 262;
+    forced to approve Henry VIII.'s divorce, 292;
+    foreign Protestants at, iv. 51;
+    James II.'s dealings with, vii. 24
+
+  Cambridge, Edmund, first Earl of, ii. 287.
+    _See_ York
+
+  Cambridge, Richard, second Earl of, iii. 30, 56, 57
+
+  Cambridge, Richard, third Earl of. _See_ York
+
+  Camden, Charles Pratt, first Lord, vii. 340; viii. 15
+
+  Camden, John Jeffreys Pratt, second Earl, viii. 120.
+
+  Camden, William, v. 4;
+    his _Life of Elizabeth_, iv. 3.
+
+  Campeggio, Cardinal, iii. 272, 274, 277
+
+  Camperdown, battle of, viii. 127
+
+  Campian, Edmund, iv. 318, 320
+
+  Campo Formio, treaty of, viii. 125
+
+  Camulodunum (Colchester) reduced by East Saxons, i. 35
+
+  Canada,
+    French settlement in, vii. 242;
+    Montcalm in, 244;
+    conquered by the English, 269;
+    ceded to England, 307;
+    attacked by America, viii. 23, 203, 204;
+    self-government granted to, 92
+
+  Canals, introduction of, viii. 55, 56
+
+  Canning, George, viii. 71;
+    Foreign Secretary, 180;
+    his dealings with Denmark, _ib._;
+    Orders in Council, 181;
+    supports rising in Spain, 186, 187;
+    quarrel with Castlereagh, 188, 189;
+    resigns, 189;
+    presses for Catholic emancipation, 195
+
+  Canons
+    of 1604, v. 156;
+    Scotch, of 1636, 327
+
+  Canterbury, i. 57;
+    archbishopric founded at, 59;
+    becomes ecclesiastical centre of England, 83;
+    sacked by northmen, 142;
+    Theodore's school at, 92;
+    historians of, 243;
+    gild of Thanes at, 299;
+    Walloon refugees at, iv. 51;
+    Protestant martyrs in, 96;
+    Church of Huguenots at, 306
+
+  Cape of Good Hope ceded to England, viii. 112
+
+  Capel, Arthur, first Lord, vi. 72
+
+  Capel, Sir Henry, vi. 301
+
+  Capuchins, Order of, founded, iv. 101
+
+  Caradoc of Lancarvan, i. 7
+
+  Caraffa, Cardinal, iv. 31, 100, 101.
+    _See_ Paul IV.
+
+  Carcassonne sacked by the Black Prince, ii. 260
+
+  Cardigan,
+    Norman conquest of, ii. 48;
+    royal garrisons driven from, 55
+
+  Carew, Sir Peter, iv. 82
+
+  Carham, battle at, i. 146
+
+  Carisbrook Castle, Charles I. prisoner at, vi. 59
+
+  Carlisle
+    becomes English, i. 87;
+    granted to see of Lindisfarne, 88;
+    ceded to David of Scotland, 217;
+    invested by the Scots, ii. 160;
+    Mary Stuart at, iv. 261
+
+  Carlisle, Merks, deposed Bishop of, iii. 8
+
+  Carlisle, Charles Howard, first Earl of, vi. 280
+
+  Carlos, Don, son of Philip II. of Spain, iv. 213, 221
+
+  Carlowitz, treaty of, vii. 97
+
+  Carnot, Lazare, viii. 122
+
+  Carolina, Colony of, vi. 259; vii. 236
+
+  Caroline of Anspach, wife of George II., vii. 200, 203
+
+  Carpenter, General, vii. 183
+
+  Carr, Robert. _See_ Rochester, Somerset
+
+  Carteret, John, second Lord, vii. 222, 223.
+    _See_ Granville
+
+  Carthagena, Vernon's defeat at, vii. 221
+
+  Cartwright, Thomas, iv. 294-296, 342; v. 58, 117
+
+  Carucage, i. 350
+
+  Casale seized by Lewis XIV., vi. 335
+
+  Cashel, synod at, i. 253
+
+  Cassel, battles of, ii. 216; vi. 289
+
+  Cassano, battle of, viii. 139
+
+  Castille, Constance of, second wife of John of Gaunt, ii. 287, 302
+
+  Castillon, Talbot defeated at, iii. 71
+
+  Castlebar, battle of, viii. 130
+
+  Castlemaine, Barbara Palmer, Countess of, vi. 221, 272; vii. 108.
+    _See_ Cleveland.
+
+  Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount,
+    arranges the union with Ireland, viii. 153;
+    quarrel with Canning, 188, 189;
+    Foreign Secretary, 197
+
+  Cateau-Cambresis, treaty of, iv. 155, 158, 159, 171
+
+  Catesby, Robert, v. 157, 158.
+
+  Catharine of Aragon
+    marries Arthur Tudor, iii. 186, 187;
+    betrothed to Henry, 187, 188;
+    marries him, 207;
+    opposes the divorce, 269, 270, 276;
+    banished from the palace, 298;
+    her marriage annulled by Convocation, 303;
+    confirmed by Pope and Cardinals, 304
+
+  Catharine of Braganza, wife of Charles II., vi. 192
+
+  Catharine of France, wife of Henry V., iii. 24, 35, 165
+
+  Catharine of Medicis,
+    queen-regent of France, iv. 188;
+    her policy towards the Huguenots, 206-208;
+    treaty with them, 216, 217;
+    with England, 219;
+    meeting with Alva, 225;
+    negotiates with Elizabeth, 297;
+    unites with the Guises against the Huguenots, 299;
+    resumes her policy of toleration, 301
+
+  Catharine II., Empress of Russia viii. 84, 85, 95
+
+  Catholics, English,
+    their position under Elizabeth, iv. 149, 195, 196;
+    forbidden to join in Common Prayer, 214;
+    fined for recusancy, _ib._;
+    attitude towards Mary Stuart, 220;
+    their scheme for the succession, _ib._, 221;
+    plot against Elizabeth, 266, 267;
+      rise, 268;
+      defeated, 269;
+    attitude towards the Bull of Deposition, 270;
+    persecution of, 308, 309, 319-322;
+    new plots, 350;
+    Philip's and Allen's hopes of, 354;
+    their loyalty, 358, 359;
+    materials for their history, 5;
+    James I. gives them relief, v. 150;
+      begins to persecute them, 156, 157;
+    their plots, 157-159;
+    position under Charles II., vi. 185, 186, 220, 291, 293;
+    excluded from Parliament, 297;
+    admitted to office, etc., by James II., vii. 14, 15;
+    included in his Declaration of Indulgence, 22;
+    position under Walpole, 198;
+    projects for their emancipation, viii. 179, 195, 196;
+    Confederate, v. 366; vi. 15, 16;
+    Irish, Charles I.'s and Wentworth's dealings with, v. 364;
+    their condition in eighteenth century, viii. 33, 34, 117;
+    plans for their emancipation, 119, 120, 152-155
+
+  Catinat, Marshal, vii. 75
+
+  Cavaliers, v. 372
+
+  Cavendish, William, Lord,
+    head of the Country party, vi. 272;
+    takes office, 300;
+    opposes the Exclusion Bill, 308;
+    resigns, 315.
+    _See_ Devonshire.
+
+  Cavendish's _Life of Wolsey_, iii. 83
+
+  Caxton, William, iii. 155-162
+
+  Ceadda or Chad, St., i. 73
+
+  Ceawlin, king of Wessex, i. 56
+
+  Cecil, Richard, viii. 47
+
+  Cecil, Robert,
+    his rivalry with Essex, v. 63;
+    treasurer, 172, 173;
+    proposes the "great contract," 179;
+    arranges the marriage of Princess Elizabeth, 210;
+    dies, 185, 211
+
+  Cecil, William, iv. 139-141;
+    his political standpoint, 141-143, 150;
+    advises Elizabeth to announce her accession to the Pope, 155;
+    his share in her Scottish policy, 173, 176, 259;
+    policy in Ireland, 240;
+    demands a Protestant alliance and the surrender of Mary, 263;
+    dealings with Norfolk, 266, 274.
+    _See_ Burleigh
+
+  Cedd, brother of Ceadda, i. 74
+
+  Centwine, king of Wessex, i. 89
+
+  Cenwealh, king of Wessex, i. 87
+
+  Cenwulf, king of Mercia, i. 98, 101
+
+  Ceolfrid, founder of Jarrow, i. 91
+
+  Ceolred, king of Mercia, i. 90
+
+  Ceolwulf, king of Northumbria, i. 91
+
+  Ceorl, the English, i. 11
+
+  Cerdic, king of the West Saxons, i. 34, 49
+
+  Ceylon acquired by England, viii. 112
+
+  Chad, St. _See_ Ceadda
+
+  Chalgrove Field, fight at, vi. 10
+
+  Chalus, Richard I. slain at, i. 267
+
+  Champeaux, William of, i. 285
+
+  Chancellor, Richard, iv. 282
+
+  Chancellor, the, i. 206;
+    his equitable jurisdiction, 256; ii. 112, 113;
+    right of appointing, claimed for Great Council, ii. 38;
+    made responsible to Permanent Council, 61;
+    his woolsack, 226;
+    of an university, i. 291, 292
+
+  Chancery, Court of, ii. 113
+
+  Chandos, Sir John, ii. 249
+
+  Chapel, the Royal, clerks of, i. 206
+
+  Chapman, George, v. 3, 42
+
+  Charford, battle of, i. 34
+
+  Charles (I.), son of James I.,
+    schemes for his marriage, v. 211-214, 227, 230;
+    goes to Madrid, 231, 232;
+    returns, 233;
+    his character, 234;
+    marriage, 238, 241;
+    king, 242;
+    his policy, 243-245;
+    quarrel with Parliament of 1625, 246, 247;
+    with Parliament of 1626, 249, 250, 253;
+    demands a benevolence, 253;
+    levies a forced loan, 254;
+    dismisses Crewe, _ib._;
+    relations with France, 256-258;
+    with the Parliament of 1628, 260-263;
+    defends Buckingham, 264;
+    rejects the Avowal, 269;
+    dissolves Parliament again, 270, 272;
+    his plans of personal government, 273;
+    peace policy, 274, 275;
+    relations with Gustavus Adolphus, 275, 276;
+    financial measures, 276-280;
+    grants a charter to Massachusetts, 311;
+    position in 1635, 315, 316;
+    consults the judges about ship-money, 323;
+    dealings with Scotland, 325-328, 330-334;
+    gathers an army, 337;
+    pacification with the Scots, _ib._;
+    summons Wentworth home, 338;
+    relations with Richelieu, _ib._, 339;
+    negotiates with the Scots, 342;
+    summons Parliament again, 343;
+    relations with Montrose, 359;
+    assents to Strafford's attainder, 361;
+    to perpetuation of the Parliament, 362;
+    goes to Scotland, 363;
+    his promises to the Irish, 364;
+    returns to London, 367;
+    attempt to seize the five members, 373-375;
+    withdraws from London, 376;
+    levies forces by commissions of array, 377;
+    shut out from Hull, 378;
+    goes to York, _ib._;
+    raises his standard at Nottingham, vi. 2;
+    goes to Shrewsbury, _ib._;
+    defeated at Edgehill, 3;
+    goes to Oxford, _ib._;
+    besieges Gloucester, 13;
+    negotiations in Ireland, 15, 16;
+    successes in 1644, 22;
+    marches on London, 23;
+    defeated at Newbury, 24;
+    returns to Oxford, _ib._;
+    negotiates with the Parliament, 38;
+    storms Leicester and relieves Chester, _ib._;
+    routed at Naseby, 40, 41;
+    treaty with the Irish, 42;
+    goes to the Scotch camp, 46;
+    refuses the Parliament's terms, 48;
+      given up to it by the Scots, 49;
+    seized by the army, 53;
+    negotiates with the army, 55-57;
+    escapes, 58;
+    recaptured, 59;
+    negotiates with parliament and the Scots, _ib._, 63;
+    again seized by the army, 65;
+    trial, 67;
+    death, 68;
+    authorities for his reign, v. 72
+
+  Charles II.
+    recognized by Holland as king of England, vi. 70;
+    proclaimed in Scotland, 71;
+    invited to Ireland, _ib._;
+    his experiences in Scotland, 82;
+    crowned at Scone, _ib._;
+    invades England, 83;
+    defeated at Worcester, 84;
+    flies to France, _ib._;
+    issues a declaration from Breda, 152;
+    returns to England, _ib._;
+    his scientific tastes, 165;
+    character, 173-177;
+    policy, 177-180;
+    forms an army, 182, 183;
+    his position in England, 184;
+    ecclesiastical aims, 185, 186;
+    foreign relations, 187, 192;
+    marriage, 192;
+    first ministry, 193;
+    dealings with the regicides, 195;
+    relations with Clarendon, 213-215, 221;
+    issues a Declaration of Indulgence, 219;
+    policy in Holland, 228, 229;
+    refuses to dissolve Parliament, 241, 254;
+    banishes Clarendon, 243;
+    his new ministry, 245;
+    attitude towards toleration, 252, 259;
+    project for establishing Catholicism, 256;
+    treaties with Lewis, 257, 258;
+    issues second Declaration of Indulgence, 262;
+      withdraws it, 273;
+    relations with Shaftesbury, 275;
+    makes peace with the Dutch, 281;
+    makes another treaty with Lewis, 287;
+    negotiations with Lewis, 291;
+    position after peace of Nimeguen, _ib._, 293;
+    attitude during the Popish plot. 297;
+    plan for the succession of James, 307;
+    struggle with Shaftesbury, 311-313, 321;
+    recalls James, 315;
+    resists the Exclusion, 321;
+    dissolves the Parliament, 322;
+    turns again to France, _ib._, 323;
+    action in 1681, 323, 324;
+    persecutes Nonconformists, recalls James, and arrests Monmouth, 335;
+    his triumph, vii. 1;
+    policy in his last years, 2;
+    dealings with the towns, 3;
+    increases his Guards, 4;
+    sickness, _ib._;
+    death, 5;
+    authorities for his reign, vi. 157, 158
+
+  Charles IV., emperor, ii. 236, 348
+
+  Charles (V.), son of Philip of Austria, iii. 208;
+    relations with England and France, 232, 233;
+    king of Spain, 234;
+    treaties with Francis I., _ib._;
+    emperor, 240;
+    visits England, 241;
+    betrothed to Mary, 242;
+    war with Francis, _ib._;
+    league with Henry VIII. and the Pope, 243;
+    successes in Italy, 244, 248, 250;
+    treachery to Henry and Wolsey, 248, 249;
+    new alliance with Henry, 250;
+    expels Luther, 254;
+    marriage, 266;
+    relations with Lutherans, 275;
+    proposes alliance with France against Henry, 336;
+    his religious policy, iv. 18, 19;
+    proposes a general council, 20;
+    defeated in Hungary and Algiers, 24;
+    attacked by Francis, _ib._;
+    alliance with Henry, 27;
+    failure of his plans of reunion, 30-32;
+    treaty with France, 32;
+    attacks the League of Schmalkald, 36;
+    victory at Muhlberg, 50;
+    policy towards Protestants, 51;
+      persecutes them, 58;
+    ruin of his plans, 65;
+    treaty with Lutherans, _ib._;
+    relations with Mary Tudor, 79, 80;
+    abdicates, 98
+
+  Charles III., king of Spain, vii. 126, 131;
+    emperor (Charles VI.) 142, 199, 200, 220
+
+  Charles VII., emperor, vii. 223, 225
+
+  Charles IV., king of France, ii. 197, 198, 208
+
+  Charles (V.) of France, duke of Normandy, ii. 264, 265;
+    king, 281, 282, 285, 288
+
+  Charles VI., king of France, iii. 5, 26, 35, 39
+
+  Charles (VII.), Dauphin, iii. 26, 39, 46, 48;
+    crowned, 52;
+    received in Paris, 56;
+    Le Mans surrendered to, 62;
+    regains Normandy, _ib._;
+    conquers Guienne, 68, 69
+
+  Charles VIII., king of France, iii. 170;
+    annexes Britanny, 179, 180;
+    treaty with Henry VIII., 180;
+    invades Italy, 186, 206
+
+  Charles IX., king of France, iv. 188, 298, 299, 301
+
+  Charles the Bad, king of Navarre, ii. 258, 259
+
+  Charles II., king of Spain, vii. 90, 98
+
+  Charles IV., king of Spain, viii. 185
+
+  Charles XII., king of Sweden, vii. 183, 188, 189
+
+  Charles the Bald, king of the West Franks, i. 209.
+
+  Charles the Simple, king of the West Franks, i. 155
+
+  Charles of Blois. _See_ Blois
+
+  Charles the Bold, Count of Charolais, iii. 122, 125, 127, 128;
+    duke of Burgundy, 130;
+    league with Edward, _ib._;
+    marries Margaret of York, 131;
+    negotiates with the Lancastrians, 140;
+    helps Edward, 141;
+    attacks Lewis again, 145;
+    his German possessions, 146;
+    alliance with the emperor, _ib._, 147;
+    with England, 148;
+    besieges Neuss, _ib._, 149;
+    slain, 150
+
+  Charlestown, capture of, viii. 32
+
+  Charmouth, battle of, i. 103
+
+  Charter of Henry I., i. 198, 340, 341;
+    of Stephen, 216;
+    the Great, 348-352;
+    provisions for its execution, 353;
+    annulled by the Pope, 354;
+    reissued under Henry III., ii. 1, 3;
+    Langton's care for, 6;
+    confirmed by Henry, _ib._, 34;
+    Archbishop Peckham's appeal to, 118;
+    confirmed by Edward I., 165, 166, 170;
+    of the Forest, 165, 166, 170
+
+  Charter-house, the, in London, ii. 253;
+    its martyrs, iii. 320; v. 77
+
+  Chateau-Gaillard, i. 265, 266
+
+  Chatillon, Coligni, Cardinal of, iv. 207
+
+  Chatham, William Pitt, first earl of (_see_ Pitt), vii. 340, 341;
+    withdraws from public life, viii. 3;
+      from the ministry, 6;
+    proposes reform of the House of Commons, 9;
+    strives to avert war with America, 20, 26;
+    recalled to office, 29;
+    death, 30
+
+  Chaucer, Geoffrey,
+    his early life, ii. 358, 359;
+    early poems, 359-361;
+    offices, person, temper, 362, 363;
+    home at Westminster, 366;
+    _Canterbury Tales_, 361, 363-366;
+      Caxton's edition of, iii. 157
+
+  Chauntries, suppression of, iv. 34, 54
+
+  Cheke, Sir John, iv. 134
+
+  Cherbourg,
+    Henry of Lancaster at, ii. 259, 260;
+    held by England, 316;
+    surrendered to Navarre, 368;
+    to Charles VII., iii. 62
+
+  Cheshire, royalist rising in, vi. 150
+
+  Chester,
+    march of the West Saxons on, i. 38, 56;
+    conquered by AEthelfrith, 60, 61;
+    by William, 169;
+    raid of Llewelyn ap Gruffydd on, ii. 85;
+    blockade of, vi. 38
+
+  Chester, Ranulf, earl of, i. 345, 347; ii. 5
+
+  Chesterfield, defeat of the Disinherited at, ii. 87
+
+  Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of, vii. 170, 203,
+      226, 249
+
+  "Chevy Chase," iii. 182
+
+  Chichester, Stephen Berksted, Bishop of, ii. 71
+
+  Chichester, Adam Moleyns, Bishop of, murdered, iii. 63
+
+  Chichester, Sir Arthur, v. 287, 288
+
+  Child, Sir Josiah, vi. 169
+
+  Chili conquered by Spain, iv. 329
+
+  Chillingworth, William, vi. 134-137
+
+  Chinon,
+    Henry II. dies at, i. 258;
+    Charles VII. and Jeanne d'Arc at, iii. 48
+
+  Chippenham, northmen at, i. 106
+
+  Chippewa, battle of, viii. 204
+
+  Chivalry, influence of, ii. 94
+
+  Chotusitz, battle of, vii. 223
+
+  "Christian Brethren," iii. 262
+
+  Christianity
+    brought to England, i. 57;
+    progress in Kent, Essex, and East Anglia, 59;
+    reaction against, 65;
+    its struggle with heathenism, _ib._, 66, 70-73
+
+  Christina, sister of Eadgar the AEtheling, i. 199
+
+  _Chronica Angliae_, ii. 177
+
+  _Chronicle, the English_, i. 3-6, 115, 173, 203, 221, 278
+
+  _Chronicle of Queen Jane_, iv. 3
+
+  _Chronicon Scotorum_, i. 8
+
+  Church, English,
+    its foundation, i. 57-59;
+    organized by Theodore, 81-84;
+    its parish system, 84;
+    share in resistance to the Danes, 145;
+    William the Conqueror's dealings with, 187, 188;
+    the Red King's, 193;
+    decline of its political influence, 222;
+    revival during the anarchy, 224;
+    Henry II.'s dealings with, 235-237, 253;
+    relation of universities to, 292;
+    condition in early thirteenth century, ii. 7, 8;
+    its political teaching, 23;
+    beginnings of resistance to the Papacy, 27;
+    Edward I.'s policy towards, 118, 119;
+    papal demands on its revenues, etc., 222, 223;
+    under Edward III., relations with the Papacy, 273-275;
+    its wealth, 294;
+    despoiled by Pope and King, 296;
+    threatened in Parliament, 301;
+    proposals to confiscate its property, iii. 15, 21;
+    condition during Wars of the Roses, 96, 97;
+    reform of, demanded by Parliament, 290;
+    Henry VIII.'s dealings with, 296, 297, 301, 302;
+    Thomas Cromwell's dealings with, 295, 310-312;
+    spoliation of, under Henry VIII., iv. 13;
+    condition at Cromwell's fall, 14, 15;
+    spoliation under Edward VI., 66;
+    demands for restoration of its property, 102, 103;
+    Hooker's influence on, v. 113;
+    Puritan demands for its reform, 118;
+    the Long Parliament's dealings with, 352-355;
+    Oliver Cromwell's dealings with, vi. 111;
+    settlement after the Restoration, 199, 208-210;
+    James II.'s dealings with, vii. 18, 19, 24;
+    effects of the Revolution on, 63-66;
+    condition under the Georges, 169-172;
+    revival in, 205-211; viii. 46;
+    Irish, its missionary zeal, i. 68, 69;
+    later character, i. 80;
+    relations with the English Church, 250;
+    English and Irish divisions, iii. 338, 339;
+    accepts the King's Supremacy, 339, 340;
+    rejects religious change, 341;
+    condition under Elizabeth, iv. 314, 315;
+    Roman, its revival under Paul IV., iv. 99;
+    position at the accession of Pius V., 249;
+    of Scotland, Presbyterian. _See_ Kirk
+
+  Churchill, Arabella, vii. 107, 108
+
+  Churchill, John, vii. 107-109;
+    his victory at Sedgemoor, 11, 109;
+    deserts James II., 42.
+    _See_ Marlborough.
+
+  Cinque Ports
+    support party of Montfort, ii. 70, 85, 86;
+    their commerce, iv. 279;
+    Flemish exiles in, 305, 323;
+    mariners of, their victory off Dover, ii. 3;
+    their fights with the French, 141, 142; iii. 7
+
+  Cissa, king of the South Saxons, i. 34
+
+  Cistercians
+    settle in England, i. 222;
+    their wool, 350; ii. 107
+
+  Ciudad Rodrigo stormed, viii. 199
+
+  Clair-on-Epte, treaty of, i. 155
+
+  Clare submits to the English, iii. 329
+
+  Clare, Richard, first Earl of, ii. 48
+
+  Clare, Richard, sixth Earl of, i. 343
+
+  Clare, Richard of (Strongbow), i. 252
+
+  Clarence, George, Duke of,
+    intrigues with Warwick, iii. 133;
+    marries his daughter, 134;
+    revolts, _ib._, 135;
+    relations with Edward and Warwick, 137, 138, 141, 142;
+    impeachment and death, 163
+
+  Clarence, Lionel, Duke of, ii. 264, 293, 302
+
+  Clarence, Thomas, Duke of, iii. 24, 26, 36
+
+  Clarendon, Assize of, i. 238;
+    Constitutions of, 235;
+    Council of, _ib._
+
+  Clarendon, Edward Hyde, first Earl of (_see_ Hyde), vi. 193;
+    Lord Chancellor, _ib._, 205;
+    his political theory, 205-207;
+    his foreign policy, 213-215;
+    relations with Charles II., 221;
+    advises a dissolution, 241;
+    banished, 243;
+    his _History of the Rebellion_, v. 72;
+    _Life_, vi. 157
+
+  Clarendon, Edward Hyde, second Earl of, vii. 20, 76
+
+  Clark, John, iii. 262
+
+  Clarkson, Thomas, viii. 48
+
+  Clement IV., Pope, ii. 18
+
+  Clement V., Pope, ii. 172
+
+  Clement VI., Pope, ii. 229, 236
+
+  Clement VII., Pope, iii. 249;
+    prisoner, 269;
+    escapes, 272;
+    dealings with Henry VIII.'s divorce, 271, 272, 274, 275, 277, 278;
+    threatens Henry with excommunication, 302;
+    annuls Cranmer's proceedings, 304;
+    refuses to hold a Council, iv. 20
+
+  Clement VIII., Pope, iv. 372
+
+  Clement, Jacques, iv. 368
+
+  Clergy, their privileges, i. 234;
+    attacked by Henry II., 235-237;
+    papal demands on, ii. 27, 28, 42, 222;
+    relations with Edward I., 118, 120, 163;
+    summoned to Parliament, 157;
+      cease to attend, 158;
+    strife of regular and secular, 295;
+    bondage to Pope and king, _ib._, 296;
+    decay of their moral influence, 296, 297;
+    excluded from state offices, 302;
+    attacked by John of Gaunt and Wyclif, 308;
+    decline of their influence, iii. 96, 97;
+    Wolsey's struggle with, 246;
+    Thomas Cromwell's policy towards, 295;
+    charged with breach of Praemunire, 296;
+      submission, 297;
+    their enslavement, 301, 302, 311, 312;
+    allowed to marry, iv. 49;
+    their five articles of 1559, 156, 157;
+    Elizabeth's dealings with, 161, 162;
+    their position and character in her reign, 302-304;
+    growth of Puritanism among, 340; v. 89, 90;
+    required to subscribe all the Articles, 156;
+    struggle with James II., vii. 18, 19, 24, 30;
+    condition under the Georges, 171, 172;
+    character in the eighteenth century, viii. 47;
+    Puritan, expelled, iv. 342; v. 156;
+    Laud's dealings with, 295-297;
+    their final expulsion, vi. 209;
+      its results, 210-213;
+    their sufferings, 222, 223
+
+  Cleveland, Barbara Palmer, duchess of (_see_ Castlemaine), vi. 175
+
+  Cleves, quarrel about, v. 178
+
+  _Clericis Laicos_, bull, ii. 163
+
+  Clifford, Thomas, eighth Lord, iii. 74
+
+  Clifford, John, ninth Lord, iii. 78
+
+  Clifford, Sir Thomas (first Lord Clifford of Chudleigh),
+    commissioner of the Treasury, vi. 245, 261;
+    Lord Treasurer, 271;
+    resigns, 274
+
+  Clinton, Sir Henry, viii. 32
+
+  Clive, Robert, vii. 233;
+    seizes Arcot, 235;
+    victory at Plassey, 261, 262
+
+  Clonmell stormed by Cromwell, vi. 79
+
+  Closter-Seven, Convention of, vii. 249, 262
+
+  Clydesdale, persecution of Catholics in, iv. 218
+
+  Cnihtenagild at Aldgate, i. 223, 299
+
+  Cnut, king of Denmark, i. 143;
+    of England, 143-147
+
+  Cnut II., king of Denmark, i. 189
+
+  Coal, discovery of, viii. 56, 57
+
+  Coalition ministry, the, viii. 65-69
+
+  Cobham, Eleanor, iii. 43, 58, 97
+
+  Cobham, Edward Brooke, Lord, iii. 69
+
+  Cobham, John Oldcastle, Lord (_see_ Oldcastle), iii. 20, 23, 26, 28
+
+  Coinage,
+    new, under Edward I., ii. 119;
+    debasement of, under Henry VIII., iv. 35;
+    under Edward VI., 57, 66;
+    reform of, under William III., vii. 89
+
+  Coggeshall, Ralph of, i. 174
+
+  Coke, Sir Edward, v. 202, 248, 263
+
+  Colchester (Camulodunum)
+    reduced by East Saxons, i. 35;
+    Protestant martyrs of, iv. 144;
+    siege of, vi. 61;
+    surrender, 64
+
+  Colchester, Thomas Beche, abbot of, hanged, iii. 350
+
+  Coleman, Edward, vi. 293, 295, 298
+
+  Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, viii. 135
+
+  Colet, John,
+    his theology, iii. 191, 192;
+    lectures at Oxford, 192;
+    Dean of St. Paul's, 197;
+    founds school, 200;
+    address to Convocation, 202, 203;
+    charged with heresy, 203;
+    protected by Warham and Henry, 204;
+    protests against war, 210
+
+  Colepepper, Sir John, v. 375, 378
+
+  Colgan's _Lives of Irish Saints_, i. 8
+
+  Coligni, Admiral, iv. 209, 216, 299
+
+  Colman, bishop of Lindisfarne, i. 79, 80
+
+  Columba, St., i. 69;
+    Adamnan's _Life of_, 8
+
+  Columban, St., i. 68
+
+  Commendation, system of, i. 133, 321
+
+  Commerce. _See_ Trade
+
+  Commines, Philippe de, his comments on England, iii. 85, 107
+
+  Commission, Court of High,
+    established, iv. 216;
+    its new powers in 1583, 340;
+    Laud's use of, v. 295;
+    its civil jurisdiction abolished, 363;
+    restored, vii. 18;
+    dissolved, 39
+
+  Committee of Public Safety, vi. 1, 13;
+    of the Two Kingdoms, 17
+
+  Commonalty, scheme for its representation, ii. 61, 73
+
+  Commons, the,
+    summoned to Parliament, ii. 73, 153, 154;
+    their right to share in all legislative action established, 196,
+        202;
+    House of, fully constituted, 203;
+    petitions against papal encroachments, 225;
+    its advance under Edward III., 231, 232, 298;
+    shrinks from meddling with administration, 299;
+    increasing share in legislation, 301;
+    resists John of Gaunt's demands, 303;
+    its action in the Good Parliament, 305;
+    in Parliament of 1377, 311, 312;
+    struggle with Richard II., 370;
+    demands confiscation of Church lands, iii. 15, 21;
+    changes in its character during Wars of the Roses, 99;
+    struggle with Wolsey, 245;
+    petition to Henry, VIII., 290;
+    first detailed account of its proceedings, iv. 5;
+    opposes Northumberland's policy, 66;
+    struggle with Elizabeth, 238, 239;
+      advance under her, v. 56, 57;
+    relations with James I., 154, 155, 160-163, 179-182;
+    action in Parliament of 1621, 221, 222, 224, 225;
+    in that of 1625, 245-247;
+    in that of 1626, 250, 253;
+    draws up the Petition of Right, 260;
+    action in 1640, 340;
+    resolves on the trial of Charles I., vi. 66;
+    abolishes Monarchy, 68;
+    sets up a Commonwealth, _ib._;
+    passes the Exclusion Bill, 319;
+    rejects the Securities Bill, 320;
+    impeaches Fitzharris, 323;
+    its sovereignty, vii. 80;
+    position under William, III., 81;
+    relations with Marlborough, 123;
+    the Whigs' management of, 176;
+    proposals for its reform, viii. 9, 10, 63, 67, 75, 76, 195;
+    adopts Catholic emancipation, viii. 196.
+    _See_ Parliament
+
+  Commonwealth
+    established in England, vi. 68, 69;
+    proclaimed in London, 73
+
+  "Commune," the, in towns, i. 318; ii. 69
+
+  Companies, trading, v. 161
+
+  Compiegne, Jeanne d'Arc taken prisoner at, iii. 53
+
+  "Complaint of the Commons of Kent," iii. 65, 66
+
+  Comprehension Bill, vii. 63
+
+  Compton, Bishop of London, vii. 18, 19, 28, 35
+
+  Compurgation, i. 239, 313
+
+  Comyn, John, regent of Scotland, ii. 170, 171
+
+  Comyn, John, of Badenoch, ii. 173
+
+  Conde, Louis I., Prince of, iv. 188, 209, 264, 267
+
+  Conde, Louis II., Prince of, vi. 190
+
+  Congregation, Lords of the,
+    their relations with Mary of Guise, iv. 168;
+    occupy Edinburgh, 169;
+    relations with Elizabeth, 170-174;
+    treaty with Francis and Mary, 176;
+    rise against Mary, 245, 246
+
+  Congress,
+    the first American, vii. 330;
+    at Philadelphia, viii. 19, 20, 22
+
+  Connaught
+    conquered by the English, iii. 329;
+    Wentworth's dealings with, v. 364, 365
+
+  Connecticut,
+    first settlement of, v. 319, 320;
+    refuses to join in war against England, viii. 203
+
+  Conquereux, battle of, i. 212
+
+  Conservators of the Peace, ii. 123
+
+  Consilt, battle of, ii. 54
+
+  Constable, Sir Robert, iii. 325
+
+  Constable, the king's, origin of his office, i. 132
+
+  Constance of Britanny, i. 247, 260
+
+  Constantine, king of Scots, i. 119, 120
+
+  Constantinople
+    captured by the Turks, iii. 189;
+    English exiles at, i. 167
+
+  "Constitutional Clubs," viii. 95, 100
+
+  Constitutions of Clarendon, i. 235
+
+  Contades, General, vii. 264
+
+  Continental System, viii. 175, 176;
+    its results, 177
+
+  Contract, the Great, v. 179
+
+  Convention
+    of 1660, vi. 152;
+      declares itself a Parliament, 194;
+    of 1689, vii. 44-47;
+      becomes a Parliament, 60;
+    the Constituent, vi. 94-98;
+    the French, viii. 101;
+    Scottish, of 1659, vi. 150;
+      of 1689, vii. 51.
+    _See_ Parliament
+
+  Convocation,
+    provincial, of the clergy, ii. 158;
+    its legislative power taken away, iii. 301, 307;
+    of 1413, iii. 20;
+    of 1512, Colet's address to, 202, 203;
+    of 1531, 296, 297;
+    of 1532, 301;
+    of 1533, 303;
+    of 1604, its canons, v. 156;
+    of 1689, vii. 63;
+    of Perth, ii. 171
+
+  Conway,
+    castle built at, ii. 121;
+    captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 10;
+    recovered by Percy, 11
+
+  Cook, Captain, vii. 278
+
+  Cooper, Anthony Ashley, vi. 95;
+    his early life, 215, 216;
+    attacks Cromwell's memory, 148;
+    advises the return of excluded members of the Rump, 151;
+    Chancellor of the Exchequer, 194.
+    _See_ Ashley
+
+  Cope, Sir John, vii. 228
+
+  Copenhagen,
+    battle of, viii. 163;
+    bombardment of, 180
+
+  Copper, export of, from Cornwall, iv. 279
+
+  Copy-holders, i. 323
+
+  Corfe, Eadward the Martyr slain at, i. 139
+
+  Cormac's _Glossary_, i. 8
+
+  Cornwal, John, ii. 357
+
+  Cornwall
+    conquered by Ecgberht, i. 102;
+    Royalist rising in, vi. 5, 6;
+    tin-mines in, i. 30; ii. 107;
+    export of tin from, iv. 279;
+      of copper, _ib._;
+    West Welsh of, become vassals of AEthelstan, i. 120
+
+  Cornwall, Henry, Earl of, i. 345
+
+  Cornwall, Richard, Earl of. _See_ Richard
+
+  Cornwallis, Charles, second earl and first marquis,
+    captures Charlestown, viii. 32;
+    surrenders at York Town, _ib._;
+    Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 130, 138;
+    victories in India, 131
+
+  Coronation-stone, the Scottish, ii. 162
+
+  Coroners, i. 264; ii. 149
+
+  Corresponding Society, viii. 106
+
+  Cortes, Hernan, iv. 329
+
+  Corunna,
+    Drake's descent on, iv. 355;
+    siege of, 367, 368;
+    battle of, viii. 187
+
+  Cotentin, the,
+    conquered by William Longsword, i. 155;
+    ceded to Robert by Henry I., 201
+
+  Cotton, Bartholomew de, i. 274
+
+  Cotton, manufacture of, viii. 53, 59, 193
+
+  Council
+    of Agitators, vi. 52;
+    the Continual, ii. 114, 353; iii. 22, 23;
+    the Great, i. 256, 351;
+    changes in its character after Norman Conquest, ii. 144;
+    its importance under Henry II., 144, 145;
+    powers over taxation recognised by the Great Charter, 145;
+    mode of summons to, 146;
+    its composition under Henry III., _ib._;
+    claim to appoint ministers, 38;
+    demands for reform, 45;
+    its assembly regulated by Provisions of Oxford, 61;
+    becomes Parliament, 156;
+    the King's, i. 256;
+    its later developements, ii. 112;
+    criminal jurisdiction, iii. 178;
+    position under the Tudors, v. 186, 187;
+    set aside by James I., 187;
+    character after the Restoration, vi. 303;
+    reorganized by Temple, _ib._, 304;
+    of Nine, ii. 275;
+    of the North, v. 285, 363;
+    of Officers, vi. 49, 52, 64, 65;
+    its plan for a new Parliament, 74;
+    forces Richard Cromwell to dissolve Parliament, 149;
+    Permanent, of Fifteen, ii. 61;
+    the Privy, i. 256;
+    of State, under the Commonwealth, vi. 72;
+    broken up, 91;
+    new one formed, 94;
+    new, named by the Convention, 99;
+    its organization, 100
+
+  Councils,
+    Church, their political results, i. 84, 224;
+    Occasional, called by Edward III., ii. 292, 299;
+    Provincial, of 1282, 120
+
+  Counties, restriction of franchise in, iii. 101, 102
+
+  County court (shire-court),
+    preserved by William I., i. 185, 186;
+    towns represented in, ii. 73;
+    its composition and functions, 149;
+    principle of representation in, _ib._, 150;
+    election of knights of the shire in, 151, 152
+
+  Country Party, the, vi. 272, 298
+
+  Courcy, John de, ii. 374
+
+  Courtenay, Bishop of London, ii. 309;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 339-341, 346
+
+  Coutras, battle of, iv. 355
+
+  Covenant,
+    the Scottish, iv. 115, 116;
+    renewed in 1638, v. 333;
+    taken by the English Parliament, vi. 14, 16, 17;
+    forced on the army, 50;
+    taken by the Convention of 1660, 152;
+    burnt in Westminster Hall, 204
+
+  Coventry,
+    Parliament at, iii. 75;
+    Mary Stuart imprisoned at, iv. 269
+
+  Coventry, Sir William, vi. 245, 272
+
+  Coverdale, Miles, iii. 334
+
+  Cowell, John, v. 169
+
+  Cowley, Abraham, vi. 165
+
+  Cowling Castle, headquarters of the Lollards, iii. 20, 27
+
+  Cowper, William, Lord Keeper, vii. 125;
+    chancellor, 175
+
+  Cowper, William, poet, viii. 46
+
+  Cox, Richard, iv. 119
+
+  Crabbe, George, viii. 46
+
+  Craft-gilds, i. 316-318
+
+  Craggs, Secretary of State, vii. 192
+
+  Cranfield, Lord Treasurer, v. 229, 236
+
+  Cranmer, Thomas, iii. 272;
+    supports the king's divorce, 291;
+    proposes an appeal to the universities, _ib._;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 303;
+    crowns Anne Boleyn, _ib._;
+    tenders the oath of allegiance to More, 318, 319;
+    attitude towards Lutheranism, 336;
+      opposes persecution, 346;
+    drifts into Protestantism, iv. 48, 59, 127;
+    welcomes foreign refugees, 51;
+    his view of Episcopacy, 60;
+    remonstrates against Edward's "plan" for the succession, 70;
+    sent to the Tower, 75;
+    tried for treason, _ib._;
+    his political position, 103, 104;
+    share in the English Liturgy, 103;
+    convicted of heresy, 104;
+    death, 105;
+    Strype's _Life of_, 3
+
+  Crecy, battle of, ii. 237-239
+
+  Cremona, battle of, vii. 118
+
+  Crepy, treaty of, iv. 32, 33
+
+  Creton's _History of Richard II._, ii. 179
+
+  Crewe, Chief Justice, v. 254
+
+  Crompton, Samuel, viii. 60
+
+  Cromwell, Henry, vi. 109
+
+  Cromwell, Oliver,
+    his youth, v. 103; vi. 24, 25;
+    alleged scheme of emigration, v. 320;
+    share in Association of the Eastern Counties, vi. 8;
+    at Marston Moor, 19, 22;
+    quarrel with Manchester at Newbury, 24;
+    his person, 25;
+    regiment, 26;
+    temper, 27;
+    relations with Dissidents, 33, 36;
+    his policy, 34;
+    victory at Naseby, 40, 41;
+    pleads for religious liberty, 44, 45;
+    resigns his command, 53;
+    rejoins the army, _ib._;
+    negotiates with the king, 57;
+    opposes the ordinance against heresy, 60;
+    besieges the royalists in Pembroke, 61, 162;
+    victory at Preston, 62;
+    marches into Scotland, _ib._;
+    charged with treason, 63;
+    suppresses a revolt of the army, 75;
+    campaign in Ireland, 76, 77, 79;
+    returns, 79;
+    Lord-General, _ib._;
+    invades Scotland, _ib._;
+    victory at Dunbar, 80;
+    occupies Edinburgh, 82;
+    victory at Worcester, 84;
+    supports the demand for a new Parliament, 87;
+    drives out the Rump, 90, 91;
+    resigns his power to the Convention, 95;
+    his political and social views, 97, 98;
+    Protector, 100, 102;
+    his administration, 103;
+    quarrel with the Parliament of 1654, 102, 103, 105;
+    his military despotism, 106-108;
+    settlement of Scotland, 108, 109;
+      of Ireland, 109, 110;
+      of England, 111, 112;
+    foreign policy, 114-117;
+    struggle with Parliament of 1655, 119;
+    the Crown offered to, _ib._, 120;
+      refuses it, 121, 122;
+    inaugurated as Protector, 122;
+    successes abroad, 123, 124;
+    failure at home, 125;
+    his theory of the Christian State, 127, 128;
+    failing health, 143;
+    his "House of Lords," 144;
+    dissolves the Parliament, 145;
+    last illness, 146;
+    death, 147;
+    his corpse outraged, 201;
+    authorities for his history, v. 73
+
+  Cromwell, Richard, vi. 147, 149
+
+  Cromwell, Thomas,
+    his early life, iii. 282, 283;
+    relations with Wolsey, 283-285;
+    counsel to Henry about the divorce, 285;
+    his policy, 294, 295;
+    Lord Privy Seal, 304;
+    Vicar-General, 306;
+    dealings with the monasteries, 310, 311;
+    with the clergy, 311, 312;
+    his reign of terror, 312-315;
+    temper, 315, 316;
+    relations with the nobles, 321, 322;
+    reform of religion, 333;
+    Church policy in Ireland, 341, 342;
+    orders removal of images, 343;
+    dealings with Parliament, iv. 8, 9;
+    last struggle, iii. 347-351;
+    fall and death, 352;
+    results of his policy, iv. 7-14
+
+  Crotoy relieved by Talbot, iii. 56
+
+  Crowland, i. 86;
+    burnt by northmen, 104;
+    Chronicle of, ii. 179, 180
+
+  Croys, the, iii. 122, 125
+
+  Crusades,
+    their effect on learning, i. 282;
+    of Richard I., 261;
+    of Edward I., ii. 90;
+    Henry IV.'s project of, iii. 25;
+    Henry V.'s, 36, 38
+
+  Cuba
+    conquered by England, vii. 307;
+    restored to Spain, _ib._
+
+  Cudworth, Ralph, vi. 169
+
+  Culloden, battle of, vii. 230
+
+  Cumberland, William, Duke of, vii. 227, 230, 248, 251
+
+  Cumberland, Henry Clifford, first Earl of, iii. 323
+
+  Cumberland, Henry Clifford, second Earl of, iv. 162
+
+  Cumberland, George Clifford, third Earl of, iv. 353, 358
+
+  Cumbria,
+    British kingdom of, i. 60;
+    conquered by Ecgfrith, 87;
+    by Eadmund, 123;
+    granted to Malcolm, king of Scots, _ib._
+
+  Cup-thegn (butler), i. 132
+
+  "Customs" of the realm, i. 235
+
+  Customs duties,
+    Edward I.'s, ii. 107, 164, 172, 189;
+    granted to Edward IV. for life, 89, 152;
+    new, imposed by James I., v. 172;
+    granted to Charles I. for a year only, 246
+
+  Cuthbert, St., i. 74-76, 87, 88
+
+  Cuthwulf, king of the West Saxons, i. 37
+
+  Cynric, king of the West Saxons, i. 34, 49
+
+
+  Dacres, William, third Lord, iv. 162
+
+  Dacres, Leonard, iv. 269
+
+  Daegsastan, battle of, i. 60
+
+  Dalaber, Anthony, iii. 262
+
+  Dalrymple, John, Master of Stair, vii. 52, 53
+
+  Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of,
+    Lord Treasurer, vi. 282;
+    his policy, 282-286;
+    duped by Charles, 287;
+    his bill for the security of the Church, 288;
+    foreign policy, 289, 290;
+    impeached, 299;
+    dismissed, 300;
+    released from the Tower, vii. 2;
+    warns William against James II., 28;
+    signs the invitation to William, 35;
+    prepares for a rising, 37;
+    raises Yorkshire, 41;
+    his policy in the Convention of 1689, 46;
+    Lord President, 67
+
+  Danegeld, i. 186, 207, 216, 350; ii. 104
+
+  Danelaw, the, i. 107;
+    its struggle with AElfred, 116, 117;
+    subdued by Eadmund, 120;
+    rises against Eadred, 123;
+    final submission, _ib._, 124;
+    Dunstan's policy towards, 137
+
+  Danes. _See_ Northmen
+
+  Daniel, poet and historian, v. 4, 35
+
+  Darcy, Thomas, Lord (of Aston), iii. 323-325
+
+  Darien, colony of, vii. 89
+
+  Darnley, Henry Stuart, Lord, iv. 220, 221;
+    marries Mary Stuart, 224;
+    quarrels with her, 227;
+    share in Rizzio's murder, 228;
+    dissolves Parliament, 229;
+    reconciled to Mary, _ib._;
+    plots against him, 242, 243;
+    death, 244
+
+  Dartford, peasant revolt at, ii. 319
+
+  Dartmouth,
+    Breton descent on, iii. 16;
+    Warwick and Clarence land at, 138
+
+  Dartmouth, George Legge, first Lord, vii. 77
+
+  Daun, General, vii. 263, 302
+
+  Davenant, Sir William, v. 303
+
+  David I., king of Scots, i. 217; ii. 133;
+    his Laws, ii. 171
+
+  David II., king of Scots. _See_ Bruce
+
+  David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon, ii. 134, 136
+
+  David, brother of Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, ii. 119, 121
+
+  Davies, Sir John, v. 303
+
+  Davison, Secretary of State, iv. 352
+
+  Dean, Forest of, iron-mines in, i. 30
+
+  Deane, General, vi. 108
+
+  Debt, the National, vii. 87
+
+  "Defenders," viii. 119
+
+  Deira,
+    kingdom of, i. 36;
+    conquered by Bernicians, 52, 53;
+    submits to Oswald, 67;
+      to Penda, 71.
+    _See_ Northumbria
+
+  Dekker, Thomas, v. 42
+
+  Delaware, colony of, vii. 236
+
+  Denham, Sir John, vi. 325
+
+  Denmark,
+    its monarchy founded, i. 128;
+    relations with Sweden and Hanover, vii. 188, 189;
+    joins leagues against England, viii. 162, 180;
+    its fleet captured, 180, 181
+
+  Deorham, battle of, i. 38, 61
+
+  Derby,
+    one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;
+    conquered by AEthelflaed, 118;
+    Charles Edward at, vii. 228
+
+  Derby, Henry Plantagenet I., Earl of, ii. 234, 235, 243
+
+  Derby, Henry Plantagenet III., Earl of, ii. 353
+
+  Derby, Henry III. of Lancaster, Earl of. _See_ Henry IV. (king).
+
+  Derby, Edward Stanley, third Earl of, iv. 267, 269
+
+  Derby, William Stanley, ninth Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Derby, Earls of. _See_ Ferrars.
+
+  Derbyshire, lead mines in, ii. 107
+
+  D'Erlon, General, viii. 208, 209
+
+  Dermod, king of Leinster, i. 251, 252
+
+  Derry, colonisation of, v. 289
+
+  Derwentwater, James Radcliffe, third Earl of, vii. 184
+
+  Desmond, Gerald Fitzmaurice (or Fitzgerald), fifteenth Earl of, iv.
+      315, 316
+
+  Desmond, James Fitzgerald, seventeenth Earl of, v. 62
+
+  Despenser, Hugh, justiciar, ii. 64, 66, 87
+
+  Despenser, Hugh, the elder, ii. 194, 198.
+
+  Despenser, Hugh, the younger, ii. 194, 195, 199
+
+  Dettingen, battle of, vii. 224
+
+  Devon
+    rises against William. I., i. 168;
+    against Somerset, iv. 55;
+    secured by Prince Maurice for Charles I., vi. 13;
+    rising in, under Monmouth, vii. 9
+
+  Devonshire, William Cavendish, fourth Earl of (_see_ Cavendish), vii.
+      28;
+    signs the invitation to William III., 35;
+    prepares for a rising, 37;
+    heads the rising in the Midlands, 41
+
+  Devonshire, Thomas Courtenay, fifth Earl of, iii. 69
+
+  Devonshire, Thomas Courtenay, sixth Earl of, ii. 80
+
+  Devon, Edward Courtenay, Earl of, iv. 78
+
+  D'Ewes, Sir Symonds, iv. 5; v. 72
+
+  D'Eyvill, John, ii. 84
+
+  Dieppe burnt by the English fleet, i. 333
+
+  Digby, Sir Everard, v. 159
+
+  Digby, Sir Kenelm, vi. 168
+
+  Digges, Sir Dudley, v. 251, 253
+
+  Dioceses, English,
+    origin of their limits, i. 82, 83;
+    organized by Theodore, 83
+
+  Directory, the French, viii. 113
+
+  "Disinherited," the, ii. 84, 86-89
+
+  "Dissidence," growth of, vi. 30-32
+
+  D'Oillis, the, i. 284
+
+  Domesday Book, i. 186
+
+  Domfront taken by Henry V., iii. 33
+
+  Dominic, St., ii. 9
+
+  Dominicans (Black Friars) come to England, ii. 11
+
+  Domremy, home of Jeanne d'Arc, iii. 46
+
+  Donne, John, v. 303
+
+  Dorset, risings in, i. 168; vii. 9
+
+  Dorset, John Beaufort, Marquis of (Earl of Somerset), iii. 7
+
+  Dorset, Thomas Grey, second Marquis of, iii. 209
+
+  Dorset, Thomas Sackville, first Earl of, v. 22
+
+  Dorset, Charles Sackville, sixth Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Douay,
+    English college at, iv. 307;
+    Oxford refugees at, 317
+
+  Douglas, Archibald, fourth Earl of, iii. 13, 14, 39
+
+  Douglas, Sir Archibald, Regent of Scotland, ii. 211
+
+  Douglas, James, ii. 184, 204, 205, 210
+
+  Douglas, house of, their struggle with the Scot kings, iii. 184
+
+  Dover,
+    tumult at, in 1051, i. 152;
+    resists Lewis of France, 355; ii. 2;
+    surrenders to Henry III., 83;
+    treaty of, vi. 257
+
+  Dowdall, Archbishop of Armagh, iv. 62
+
+  D'Oysel, French ambassador in Scotland, iv. 173
+
+  Drake, Francis,
+    his voyage round the world, iv. 333, 334;
+    expedition to the Spanish Main, 349;
+    to Cadiz and Corunna, 355;
+    in the fleet against the Armada, 361, 362;
+    expedition to Lisbon, 367
+
+  Drama, English,
+    its beginnings, v. 20-22;
+    developement under Elizabeth, 22-24;
+    after the Restoration, vi. 163, 164
+
+  Drayton's _Polyolbion_, v. 35
+
+  Dreux captured by Henry V., iii. 36;
+    battle of, iv. 210
+
+  Drogheda, massacre at, vi. 76, 77
+
+  Dryden, Sir Erasmus, vi. 325
+
+  Dryden, John, vi. 165, 324, 325;
+    founder of the school of critical poets, 326;
+    his tragedies, 327;
+    comedies, 328, 329;
+    _Annus Mirabilis_, 330;
+    attitude in politics and religion, 331;
+    _Absalom and Ahitophel_, 332-334;
+    influence on literature, vii. 154-157
+
+  Dublin, sieges of, i. 252; vi. 76
+
+  Dublin, John Allen, Archbishop of, murdered, iii. 328
+
+  Dubois, the Abbe, vii. 187
+
+  Dudley, Lord Guildford, iv. 69, 75, 84
+
+  Dudley, Lord Robert, iv. 193.
+    _See_ Leicester
+
+  Dudley, Edmund, iii. 199
+
+  Dudo of St. Quentin, i. 6
+
+  Dumouriez, General, viii. 101, 107
+
+  Duncan, Admiral, viii. 127
+
+  Dundas, Henry, viii. 171
+
+  Dundee, John Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount, vii. 51, 52
+
+  Dunes, battle of the, vi. 124
+
+  Dunkirk
+    ceded to Cromwell, vi. 124;
+    sold to France, 214;
+    dismantled, vii. 142
+
+  Dunluce, ships of the Armada wrecked off, iv. 363
+
+  Dunning, John, Solicitor-General, viii. 15
+
+  Dunois, Count of, iii. 49, 50, 62
+
+  Dupleix, General, vii. 233-235
+
+  Duquesne, Fort, vii. 243, 245, 266
+
+  Duns Scotus, ii. 276
+
+  _Dunstable, Annals of_, i. 273
+
+  Dunstan, St., i. 120-123;
+    his struggle with Eadwig, 136;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 137;
+    policy and rule, _ib._, 138;
+    fall, 139;
+    _Lives of_, 6
+
+  Durham,
+    historians of, i. 243;
+    King John at, 340
+
+  Durie, John, v. 138
+
+
+  Eadberht, king of Northumbria, i. 96, 97
+
+  Eadgar, King, i. 137, 138;
+    his Law, 144
+
+  Eadgar, king of Scots, i. 197
+
+  Eadgar, the AEtheling, i. 154, 165, 168, 170, 197
+
+  Eadgyth, wife of Eadward the Confessor, i. 150, 165
+
+  Eadmer, i. 173, 243
+
+  Eadmund, St., king of East Anglia, i. 104
+
+  Eadmund (the Magnificent), King, i. 120, 122, 123
+
+  Eadmund Ironside, King, i. 143;
+    his children, 144, 153
+
+  Eadred, King, i. 123, 136
+
+  Eadric, ealdorman of Mercia, i. 142-144
+
+  Eadward the Elder, King, i. 117-119, 305
+
+  Eadward the Martyr, King, i. 139
+
+  Eadward the Confessor, King, i, 149-153, 158, 160;
+    his Laws, 150, 199, 340;
+    _Life of_, 6
+
+  Eadwig, King, i. 136, 137
+
+  Eadwig, son of AEthelred II., i. 144
+
+  Eadwine, king of Northumbria, i. 62-64, 66
+
+  Eadwine, earl of Mercia, i. 160, 165, 167, 170
+
+  Eadwulf, earl of Northumbria, i. 146
+
+  Ealdorman, the,
+    his office, i. 48, 49;
+    becomes a delegate of the king, 131;
+    rises again to independence, 134;
+    replaced by the earl, 146
+
+  Ealdred, Archbishop of York, i. 166
+
+  Earl, the, i. 11, 50;
+    superseded by the thegn, 51
+
+  Earldoms,
+    the four great, i. 146;
+    abolished, 185
+
+  Earls supersede ealdormen, i. 146
+
+  East Anglia,
+    its conquest, i. 36;
+    Christianity in, 59;
+    subject to Mercia, 91;
+    revolts, 102;
+    conquered by the northmen, 104;
+    bridled by Eadward the Elder, 117, 118;
+    earldom of, 146;
+    Protestant martyrs in, iv. 96
+
+  "Easterlings," i. 303
+
+  Eastern Counties, Association of the, vi. 8, 13
+
+  East India Company, iv. 284; vii. 63, 232
+
+  East-Saxons,
+    their settlement, i. 35;
+    conversion, 59
+
+  Ebbsfleet, i. 31, 32, 58
+
+  Ecclesiastical Courts separated from civil Courts, i. 188
+
+  Ecgberht, king of Wessex, i. 101-103
+
+  Ecgfrith, king of Northumbria, i. 86-89
+
+  Ecgwine, Bishop of Worcester, i. 86
+
+  Eddi's _Life of Wilfrid_, i. 4
+
+  Edgecote, battle of, iii. 134
+
+  Edgehill, battle of, vi. 3
+
+  Edinburgh
+    founded, i. 63;
+    seat of the Scot kings, 147;
+    won by Bruce, ii. 191;
+    burnt by the English, iv. 28;
+    castle of, besieged by Henry IV., iii. 9;
+    treaty of, iv. 176;
+    riot at, against the new Liturgy, v. 328;
+    the Covenant signed at, 333;
+    rises against James VII., vii. 50;
+    "James the Eighth" proclaimed at, 228
+
+  _Edinburgh Review_, the, viii. 195
+
+  Edington, battle of, i. 107
+
+  Edith. _See_ Matilda
+
+  Edmund Rich, St., i. 287-289;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 33;
+    obtains dismissal of Peter des Roches, _ib._;
+    dealings with Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, 58;
+    retires to Pontigny, 42
+
+  Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III., ii. 59, 82,
+      87, 187, 188
+
+  Edmund, Earl of Woodstock, ii. 293
+
+  Edward (I.), son of Henry III.,
+    defeated by the Welsh, ii. 59;
+    joins Earl Simon, 64, 65;
+    rejoins Henry, 65;
+    marches against Llewelyn, 67;
+    surrenders Windsor, _ib._;
+    attempts to surprise London, 70;
+    share in battle of Lewes, _ib._;
+    prisoner, 71;
+    escapes, 75;
+    seizes Gloucester, 76;
+    defeats the younger Simon, _ib._;
+    meets Simon at Evesham, 77;
+    attitude after the battle, 81;
+    marches against Axholme, 85;
+    negotiations for peace, _ib._;
+    captures Adam Gurdon, 87;
+    effects off his influence, 89;
+    goes on Crusade, 90;
+    King, _ib._;
+    his motto, 41;
+    his temper, 91-93;
+    influence of chivalry on, 94, 95;
+    spirit of legality, 96;
+    moral temper, 97;
+    military skill, _ib._, 98;
+    political genius, 98, 99;
+    constitutional aspect of his reign, 100, 101;
+    first measures, 102, 103;
+    progress of art and trade in his reign, 105-107;
+    brings Llewelyn to submission, 108, 109;
+    judicial reforms, 109-113;
+    policy towards the barons, 116, 117;
+    towards the Church, 118, 119;
+    conquest of Wales, 119-121;
+    legislation, 122-124;
+    visit to Aquitaine, 123;
+    expels the Jews, 131;
+    relations with Scotland, 135-140;
+    quarrel with France, 141, 142;
+    summons Scotch barons to war in Guienne, 143;
+    admits burgesses to Parliament, 154;
+    his scheme for representation of clergy in Parliament, 157;
+    storms Berwick, 160, 161;
+    Scotland submits to, 161, 162;
+    struggle with the clergy, 163;
+    exactions from merchants, 164;
+    quarrel with barons, 164, 165;
+    goes to Flanders, 165;
+    confirms the Charters, _ib._, 166, 170;
+    truce with France, 168;
+    victory at Falkirk, 169;
+    treaty with France, 170;
+    second conquest of Scotland, 171;
+    his "New Custom," 172;
+    absolved by the Pope from his oath to observe the Charters, _ib._;
+    his vow on the swan, 173, 174;
+    death, 174
+
+  Edward (II.), son of Edward I., ii. 173, 174;
+    character and policy, 184-186;
+    marriage, 186;
+    relations with Gaveston and the barons, 186-188;
+    struggle with the Ordainers, 188-191;
+    marches on Scotland, 191;
+    defeated at Bannockburn, 192, 193;
+    accepts the Ordinances, 194;
+    campaign of 1319, _ib._;
+    relations with the Despensers, 194, 195;
+    truce with Scotland, 196;
+    relations with France, 197, 198;
+    flies to Lundy Island, 198;
+    deposed, 199, 200;
+    murdered, 200;
+    authorities for his reign, 177
+
+  Edward (III.) of Windsor, son of Edward II., ii. 198;
+    proclaimed king, 199;
+    arrests Mortimer, 207;
+    relations with France, 208, 209;
+    acknowledged as suzerain by Edward Balliol, 211;
+    takes Berwick, _ib._;
+    receives Balliol's homage, 212;
+    declares war on France, 213;
+    number of his forces, 216;
+    continental alliances, 216-219;
+    Vicar-General of the Empire, 219;
+    negotiations with France, _ib._;
+    besieges Cambray, 220;
+    complains of papal exactions, 225;
+    alliance with Flemish towns, 226, 227;
+    besieges Tournay, 228;
+    losses in Scotland, 229, 230;
+    relations with Parliament, 230-233, 292, 299;
+    supports John of Montfort in Britanny, 233;
+    invades Normandy, 235;
+    marches on Paris, _ib._;
+    victory at Crecy, 237-239;
+    causes of his military success, 242, 243;
+    besieges Calais, 243;
+    his treatment of the six burgesses, 245-247;
+    the imperial crown offered to, 248;
+    his character, 249-251;
+    founds the Order of the Garter, 252;
+    rebuilds Windsor Castle, _ib._
+    alliance with Charles of Navarre, 258;
+    with David Bruce, 263, 264;
+    ravages France, 265;
+    treaty with Burgundy, _ib._;
+    with the Regent of France, 266;
+    forbids entry of Papal bulls, 273;
+    policy in Spain, 287;
+    truce with Charles V., 288;
+    his evil rule, 290, 291;
+    compromise with the Pope, 296;
+    death, 311
+
+  Edward (IV.), Earl of March, iii. 75;
+    victory at Mortimer's Cross, 78;
+    King, 80;
+    his finance, 89, 152;
+    protection of trade, 106;
+    his temper, 112, 116-118;
+    relations with Lewis XI., 120, 121, 123, 124;
+    marriage, 124;
+    double-dealing with Lewis and Charles the Bold, 129, 130;
+    league with Charles, 130;
+    relations with Warwick, 131-135;
+    driven out, 139;
+      returns, 141;
+    victory at Barnet, 142;
+    marches against Margaret, 143;
+      defeats her at Tewkesbury, 144, 145;
+    new alliance with Charles against Lewis, 148;
+    invades France, 149;
+    makes peace with Lewis, 150;
+    his rule, 151-153;
+    death, 163
+
+  Edward V., King, iii. 163, 167;
+    More's _Life of_, 83, 218
+
+  Edward (VI.), son of Henry VIII.,
+    born, iii. 326;
+    scheme for his marriage, iv. 26;
+    his temper, 67;
+    "plan" for the succession, 69, 70;
+    death, 70;
+    _Journal_, 3;
+    Hayward's _Life of_, _ib._;
+    his Grammar Schools, 62
+
+  Edward (the Black Prince)
+    proposed as Count of Flanders, ii. 233;
+    exploits at Crecy, 237, 238;
+    ravages Guienne, 259, 260;
+    campaign on the Loire, 260;
+    victory at Poitiers, 261-263;
+    invested with Aquitaine, 281;
+    supports Pedro the Cruel, 283;
+    victory at Navarete, 284;
+    imposes hearth-tax on Aquitaine, _ib._;
+    summoned by France to answer the Gascon appeal, 285;
+    storms Limoges, 286;
+    marriage, 293;
+    sickness, 286, 302;
+    action in the Good Parliament, 305;
+    death, 306
+
+  Edward, son of Henry VI., iii. 71, 137, 140, 145
+
+  Egypt
+    conquered by Buonaparte, viii. 132;
+    the French driven from, 165, 166
+
+  _Eikon Basilike_, vi. 72
+
+  Elba, Napoleon at, viii. 205
+
+  Eleanor of Castille, wife of Edward I., ii. 93
+
+  Eleanor of Poitou, wife of Henry II., i. 226;
+    her claims on Toulouse, 233;
+    turns against Henry, 254;
+    imprisoned, 255;
+    joins Richard in Sicily, 260;
+    secures Aquitaine for John, 268;
+    besieged at Mirebeau, _ib._;
+    dies, 270
+
+  Eleanor of Provence, wife of Henry III., ii. 32, 69, 72, 74
+
+  Eleanor, daughter of King John, ii. 36
+
+  Eliot, John, v. 195, 248, 249;
+    attacks Buckingham, 249-252;
+    sent to the Tower, 253;
+      released, _ib._;
+    proposes a Remonstrance, 262;
+    share in the Avowal, 268;
+    death, 273
+
+  Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII., iv. 46;
+    her classical scholarship, iii. 212;
+    Thomas Seymour's attempt to marry her, iv. 56;
+    sent to the Tower, 85, 136;
+    Parliament refuses to oust her from the succession, 89;
+    her person, 134;
+    scholarship, _ib._, 135;
+    relations with Mary, 136;
+    Philip's policy towards, 137, 138;
+    set free, 138;
+    accession, 146;
+    religious policy, 148-150, 152, 153;
+    coronation, 153;
+    refuses to marry Philip, 154;
+    relations with Paul IV., 155, 156;
+    her title acknowledged by Parliament, 156;
+    restores the Prayer-Book, 158, 159;
+    drops the title "Head of the Church," 160;
+    dealings with the clergy, 161, 162;
+    relations with Parker, 165, 166;
+    with the Scotch Lords of the Congregation, 170, 172-175;
+    treaty with Mary and Francis, 176;
+    character, 177-181;
+    statesmanship, 182-186;
+    supports the Huguenots, 189;
+    temporises with Pius IV., 192;
+    refuses to send envoys to Trent, 193, 194;
+    schemes for her marriage, 193, 195, 199;
+    refuses a safe-conduct to Mary Stuart, 200;
+    difficulties with Mary, 202-204;
+    treaty with the Huguenots, 209, 210;
+    with France, 219;
+    her changes in the system of the monarchy, 232;
+    policy in Ireland, 240;
+    drift of her religious policy, 247, 248;
+    difficulties with Mary and Alva, 257, 258;
+    demands Mary's release, 259;
+    refuses to recognize Murray's government, _ib._;
+    renews marriage negotiations with Austria, 260;
+    negotiates for Mary's restoration, 262;
+    her temporizing policy, 264;
+    bull of deposition against her, 265, 270;
+    her relations with England, 274, 275, 287-289;
+    checks the "liberty of prophesying," 290;
+    relations with Parliament, 292, 293; v. 56-58;
+    resists Puritan pressure, iv. 293, 294;
+    scheme for her marriage with Henry of Anjou, 297;
+    expels the "water-beggars," 298;
+    attitude towards the Netherlands, 300;
+    persecutes the Catholics, 308, 309;
+    alliance with the Netherlands, 311;
+    scheme for her marriage with Francis of Anjou, 313, 316, 337, 338;
+    dealings with the Catholics, 319, 320;
+    relations with Drake, 334;
+    confers new powers on the Ecclesiastical Commission, 340;
+    refuses Protectorate of the Netherlands, 349;
+      sends them aid, _ib._;
+    alliance with James VI., 350;
+    plots against her, _ib._;
+    signs the death-warrant of Mary Stuart, 352;
+    her victory over party disunion, 364, 365;
+    sends an expedition to Portugal, 367;
+    help to Henry IV., 371;
+    league with France and the Netherlands, v. 60;
+    her loneliness, 63;
+    waning popularity, 64, 65;
+    last days, 65, 66;
+    death, 67;
+    materials for her history, iv. 3-5
+
+  Elizabeth, Czarina of Russia, vii. 246, 306
+
+  Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV., iii. 133, 167, 168, 170, 171;
+    marries Henry VII., 175
+
+  Elizabeth, daughter of James I., v. 210
+
+  Elizabeth Woodville. _See_ Woodville
+
+  Elizabeth of France, wife of Philip II. of Spain, iv. 372
+
+  Ellandun, battle of, i. 102
+
+  Elliott, General, viii. 31, 41
+
+  Elmet conquered by Eadwine, i. 63
+
+  Elmham's _Life of Henry V._, ii. 179
+
+  Ely
+    burnt by northmen, i. 104;
+    Cnut at, 145;
+    the AEtheling AElfred blinded at, 148;
+    surrenders to William, 170;
+    seized by the Disinherited, ii. 88
+
+  Emma of Normandy, wife of AEthelred II., i. 141, 156
+
+  "Emperor's men," the, i. 303
+
+  Empson, Sir Richard, iii. 199
+
+  Engla-land, i. 138
+
+  England, Old, i. 9
+
+  England,
+    character of its settlement, i. 44-48;
+    work of the northmen in, 129;
+    first use of the name, 138;
+    its peace under Cnut, 146;
+    prosperity under Eadward and Harold, 153;
+    effects of foreign rule on, 176-178, 278;
+    fusion of Normans and English in, 200, 281;
+    invaded by Robert of Normandy, 200, 201;
+    civil war in, 219, 220;
+    anarchy in, 220, 221;
+    revival of national feeling in, 280, 281;
+    Norman immigration to, 302;
+    effects of loss of Normandy on, 325, 326;
+    under Interdict, 330, 331;
+    Friars arrive in, ii. 11;
+    Provencals and Poitevins in, under Henry III. 32, 33;
+    early finance, 103;
+    relations with the Papacy, 26-28, 218, 219, 221-223, 225, 273-275,
+        303;
+    social changes after the Black Death, 254, 255;
+    social strife in, 266-268, 289, 316, 317;
+    sufferings under Edward III., 290, 291;
+    constitutional, its beginnings, 100;
+    its freedom established, iii. 85;
+    moral and intellectual decay during Wars of the Roses, 97, 98, 115;
+    social condition in fifteenth century, 104-107;
+    agricultural changes in, 107, 108;
+    evictions and enclosures in, 109, 110;
+    definition of its foreign policy, 128;
+    intellectual progress under Edward IV., 153, 154;
+    the New Learning in, 191-196, 201;
+    relations with the Papacy under Henry VIII., 288, 289, 299, 300,
+        302;
+    rejects Papal jurisdiction, 305;
+    foreign Protestants in, iv. 51, 58, 59, 305;
+    condition under Somerset, 54, 55;
+    religious disorder in, 61;
+    condition under Northumberland, 66;
+    religious changes in, under Mary, 75;
+    submits to Rome, 88, 89;
+    effects of the Reformation on, 121, 122;
+    attitude in Mary's later years, 134, 138, 139;
+    condition at her death, 146, 147;
+    religious chaos under Elizabeth, 162-165;
+    becomes Protestant, 166, 167, 247, 248;
+    its importance to the Papacy, 253, 254;
+    parties in, 263;
+    social condition under Elizabeth, 274-277, 283-287;
+    religious condition, 289-291, 302-305;
+    volunteers from, in the Netherlands, 324;
+    unites against the Armada, 358;
+    effect on, of the fight with Spain, 364;
+    its maritime warfare with Spain, 370, 371;
+    intellectual developement under Elizabeth, v. 1-11;
+    condition at her death, 75, 76;
+    growth of wealth and social advance, 77;
+    rise of the squires, 78;
+    growth of national spirit in, _ib._, 79;
+    growth of the religious spirit in, 81;
+    foreign rule of the Stuarts in, 148, 149;
+    James I.'s proposal for its union with Scotland, 154;
+    change in its attitude towards the crown, 171, 172, 183, 184;
+    condition under Charles I., 280-282, 315, 316;
+    declared a Commonwealth, vi. 68, 69;
+    scheme of union with Holland, 81;
+    with Scotland, 85;
+    with Ireland, 86;
+    war with Holland, _ib._, 88;
+    condition under Cromwell and the major-generals, 106-108;
+    progress of the Puritan ideal in, 125-128;
+    scientific movement in, 131-133;
+    Latitudinarians in, 133-137;
+    modern, its beginnings, 160-161;
+    intellectual progress after the Restoration, 163-171;
+    union with Scotland and Ireland dissolved, 180;
+    Restoration settlement of, 196-198;
+    quarrel with the Dutch, 223, 224;
+    war with Holland, 225-226, 238, 239, 261;
+    attitude towards Lewis XIV., 228;
+    its diplomacy under Charles II., 247, 248;
+    declares war against Lewis XIV., vii. 49;
+    alliance with Holland, 102, 104, 105;
+    Union with Scotland, 127, 128;
+    its European position after the Revolution, 147, 148;
+    its European policy, 149-151;
+    its intellectual influence, 151-153;
+    character of political controversy in, 161;
+    strength and weakness of public opinion in, 162-164;
+    social condition under the Georges, 170, 171;
+    alliance with France and Holland, 187;
+    condition under Walpole, 195-198;
+    alliance with France and Prussia, 199;
+    quarrel with Spain for trade in America, 216, 217;
+      declares war, 218;
+    intercourse with India, 232;
+    relations with America, 240, 241, 243, 244;
+    treaty with Frederick II., 247, 248;
+    war with France, 248, 249, 264;
+    becomes a world-power, 274-277;
+    annexations in the Pacific, 278, 279;
+    its empire, 279;
+    relations with America after the Seven Years' War, 280-283;
+    results of the Revolution in, 286, 287;
+    intellectual advance in the eighteenth century, 292, 293;
+    war with Spain, 306;
+    conquests in the West Indies, 307;
+    its gains by the treaty of Paris, _ib._;
+    English and American theories of its relation to America, 321-325;
+    growing influence of public opinion in, viii. 1, 2, 10, 11;
+    war with America, 22-26, 32, 41;
+    relations with Ireland, 33;
+    position after the American war, 45;
+    religious movement in, 46, 47;
+    industrial progress, 53-60;
+    growing influence of the trading class in, 61;
+    its condition as compared to the rest of Europe, 80;
+    alliance with Prussia and Holland, 85;
+    attitude towards the French Revolution, 87, 88, 93-95;
+    panic in, 103-106;
+    war with France, 108, 109;
+    its colonial acquisitions in 1795, 112;
+    condition during the French war, 114;
+    its dogged temper, 115, 116;
+    effects of the war on its industry and trade, 157, 158;
+    League of Neutrals against her, 159, 160;
+    declares war against Buonaparte, 170;
+    effects of the Continental System on its industry and trade, 177;
+    condition during the French war, 192-195;
+    war with America, 198, 203-205;
+    last strife with Napoleon, 207-211.
+    _See_ English People
+
+  Engle, the,
+    their early home, i. 9, 10;
+    settle in East Anglia and the north, 36;
+    conquer Bernicia, 52.
+    _See_ English, Mercians, South-Engle
+
+  English people,
+    their life in Old England, i. 10-22;
+    religion, 22-24;
+    temper, 24-26;
+    love of the sea, 27;
+    character of their conquests, 39-44;
+    of their settlement, 44-48;
+    changes in organization after the conquest, 48-52;
+    tendencies towards unity, 53-55, 61, 83, 130;
+    union under Ecgberht, 103;
+    fusion of northmen with, 126, 127;
+    effects of struggle with the northmen on, 129, 130;
+    tendencies towards disintegration, 133, 134;
+    effects of foreign rule on, 176-178;
+    fusion of Normans with, 200, 281;
+    support William Rufus, 191, 192;
+    support Henry I., 201, 202;
+    revival of national feeling, 280, 281;
+    attitude under George III., vii. 312-314;
+    new life in America, viii. 43, 44.
+    _See_ England
+
+  Episcopacy
+    abolished in Scotland, v. 140;
+    restored, 143, 166, 167;
+    again abolished, 335;
+    proposal to abolish it in England, 354
+
+  Erasmus, Desiderius, iii. 193, 194;
+    his relations with Warham, 196, 212;
+    teaches Greek at Cambridge, 201;
+    protests against war, 211;
+    his _Praise of Folly_, 199, 219;
+    edition of St. Jerome, 212, 213;
+    of the New Testament, 213, 215;
+    his theology, 214;
+    defends the New Learning against Luther, 256
+
+  Eric, king of Sweden, i. 128
+
+  Essayists, the English, vii. 158-160
+
+  Essex
+    settled by the East Saxons, i. 35;
+    submits to Wulfhere, 85;
+    peasant revolt in, ii. 321;
+    Protestantism in, under Mary, iv. 144;
+    royalist rising in, vi. 59
+
+  Essex, Arthur Capel, first earl of,
+    commissioner of the Treasury, vi. 301;
+    supports Shaftesbury and the Exclusion, 315, 319;
+    plots with Monmouth, etc., 336;
+    death, 337
+
+  Essex, Robert Devereux, second earl of, v. 43, 62, 63
+
+  Essex, Robert Devereux, third earl of,
+    marries Frances Howard, v. 190;
+    divorced, 191;
+    resists a forced loan, 255;
+    captain-general of the Parliamentary army, vi. 1;
+    movements in 1642, 2, 3;
+    captures Reading, 5;
+    his inactivity, 6, 8-10;
+    retires to Uxbridge, 12;
+    relieves Gloucester, 13, 14;
+    movements in 1644, 19, 22, 23;
+    retires, 35
+
+  Essex, Earls of. _See_ Fitz-Peter, Mandeville
+
+  Essex, Frances, Countess of. _See_ Howard
+
+  Estates of the realm, various groupings of, in Parliament, ii. 202,
+      203
+
+  Etherege, Sir George, vi. 157
+
+  Eugene of Savoy, Prince, vii. 118, 120, 121, 131, 134
+
+  Euphuism, v. 5
+
+  Eustace, Count of Boulogne, i. 152, 167
+
+  Eustace, son of King Stephen, i. 226, 227
+
+  Eustace the Monk, ii. 2
+
+  Eva, daughter of Dermod of Leinster, i. 252
+
+  Evelyn's _Diary_, vi. 157
+
+  Evesham
+    founded, i. 86;
+    battle of, ii. 77, 78
+
+  Evreux, Charles of, ii. 315
+
+  Exchange, the Royal, founded, iv. 280
+
+  Exchequer, Court of, i. 206; ii. 109;
+    Richard Fitz-Neal's _Dialogue_ on, i. 174, 244;
+    closed, vi. 261
+
+  Excise,
+    Walpole's scheme of, vii. 195, 201, 202;
+      revived by Pitt, viii. 77
+
+  Exeter,
+    northmen at, i. 106;
+    Welsh driven from, 120;
+    subdued by William I., 167, 168;
+    tailors' gild at, 318;
+    William of Orange received at, vii. 40
+
+  Exeter, Henry Holland, duke of, iii. 140, 142
+
+  Exeter, John Holland, duke of (Earl of Huntingdon), iii. 7, 8
+
+  Exeter, Edward Courtenay, marquis of, iii. 322, 348, 350
+
+  Exton, Sir Piers, iii. 8
+
+  Exclusion Bill, the, vi. 307, 308, 319, 320
+
+  Eylau, battle of, viii. 175
+
+
+  Fabyan's _Chronicle_, ii. 179
+
+  Fairfax, Edward, his version of Tasso, v. 2
+
+  Fairfax, Ferdinando, second Lord, vi. 4
+
+  Fairfax, Sir Thomas,
+    his victory at Nantwich, vi. 18;
+    commander-in-chief of the New Model army, 35, 36;
+    victory at Naseby, 40, 41;
+    in the west, 41;
+    marches on Oxford, 46;
+    suppresses royalist rising in Kent, 61;
+    Colchester surrenders to, 64;
+    marches on London, 65;
+    suppresses mutiny, 75;
+    superseded by Cromwell, 79;
+    joins Monk, 151
+
+  Falaise,
+    birthplace of William the Conqueror, i. 157;
+    treaty of, ii. 140;
+    reduced by Henry V., iii. 33
+
+  Falconberg, William Neville, Lord, iii. 113
+
+  Falkirk, battles of, ii. 168, 169; vii. 229
+
+  Falkland, Lucius Cary, second viscount,
+    his plans of Church reform, v. 354;
+    abandons Strafford's impeachment, 356;
+    his political position, 368;
+    becomes Charles's minister, 375;
+    joins Charles at York, 378;
+    death, vi. 14;
+    influence on religious thought, 133
+
+  Family Compact, the, vii. 215
+
+  "Farm" of a borough, ii. 152
+
+  Farmer, Anthony, vii. 25
+
+  Farmers, rise of, ii. 240
+
+  Farne, islet of, i. 71
+
+  Fastolfe, Sir John, iii. 46, 162
+
+  Fawkes, Guido, v. 158, 159
+
+  Feckenham, Abbot of Westminster, iv. 106
+
+  Felton, John, v. 264, 265
+
+  Ferdinand (I.), Archduke of Austria, iii. 208, 243; iv. 19;
+    Emperor, 98; v. 174, 175
+
+  Ferdinand (II.), Archduke of Austria, v. 213;
+    king of Bohemia, 216;
+    Emperor, 217
+
+  Ferdinand V., king of Aragon, iii. 186, 187, 207;
+    forms the Holy League, 209;
+    seizes Navarre, _ib._;
+    dies, 234
+
+  Ferdinand VII., king of Spain, viii. 185
+
+  Ferrar, Bishop of St. David's, iv. 91
+
+  Ferrars, Robert, fourth earl of Derby, i. 254
+
+  Ferrars, Robert, eighth earl of Derby, ii. 87
+
+  Feudalism,
+    tendency to, in England after Danish wars, i. 133, 135, 136;
+    the Conqueror's dealings with, 181-185;
+    antagonism of the universities to, 289-291;
+    revives under Henry III., ii. 4, 5;
+    its military basis, 239;
+    ruin, iii. 92-94
+
+  Fielding, Henry, vii. 297
+
+  Fifth-monarchy men, vi. 182
+
+  Filmer, Sir Robert, vi. 171
+
+  Finance,
+    early English, ii. 103;
+    William I.'s system of, i. 186
+
+  Finch, Sir John,
+    Chief-Justice, v. 331;
+    Lord Keeper, 351
+
+  First of June, battle of the, viii. 111
+
+  Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, iii. 201;
+    his reply to Luther, 257:
+    quarrel with the Commons, 290;
+    sent to the Tower, 319;
+    beheaded, 321
+
+  Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, viii. 121, 128
+
+  Fitzgerald, Lord Thomas, iii. 328
+
+  Fitz-Hamo, Robert, ii. 48
+
+  Fitzharris, Edward, vi. 323
+
+  Fitz-Maurices, the, Earls of Desmond, ii. 377
+
+  Fitz-Maurice, James, iv. 315
+
+  Fitz-Neal, Richard, bishop of London and treasurer, i. 174, 223;
+    his _Dialogue on the Exchequer_, 174, 244
+
+  Fitz-Osbern, Roger, i. 189
+
+  Fitz-Osbern, William, i. 167, 168, 183
+
+  Fitz-Peter, Geoffry, Earl of Essex and justiciar, i. 267, 338, 339,
+      341
+
+  Fitz-Ralf, Richard, Chancellor of Oxford, ii. 295
+
+  Fitz-Stephen, Robert, i. 252
+
+  Fitz-Urse, Reginald, i. 241
+
+  Fitz-Walter, Robert,
+    captain of the Londoners, i. 305;
+    conspires against John, 335;
+    leader of the barons, 343;
+    "Marshal of the Army of God and Holy Church," 346;
+    counsels alliance with France, 355;
+    besieges Lincoln, ii. 2
+
+  Fitz-Warenne or Fitz-Warin, Fulk (the third), i. 343; ii. 42
+
+  Fitz-Warenne, Fulk (the fifth), ii. 116
+
+  Fitzwilliam, William, fourth Earl, viii. 104, 120
+
+  Five Boroughs, the, i. 117, 120
+
+  "Five members," the, v. 373-376
+
+  Flambard, Ranulf, i. 192, 199.
+
+  Flamsteed, John, vi. 166
+
+  Flanders,
+    its wool trade with England, ii. 107, 226;
+    interdict in, 219, 224;
+    alliance with Edward III., 226, 227;
+    civil strife in, 233;
+    joins Edward again, 244;
+    struggle with France, 349;
+    English gild of Merchant Adventurers in, iii. 155;
+    decay of its trade, iv. 281;
+    refugees from, in England, 305, 323;
+    attacked by France, vi. 124
+
+  Flanders, Lewis le Male, Count of, ii. 244, 286
+
+  Flanders, Margaret of, ii. 286
+
+  Fleet, English,
+    created by AElfred, i. 116;
+    successes under John, 333, 337;
+    under Hubert de Burgh, ii. 2, 3;
+    repulsed from Abermenai, 54;
+    reduces Anglesea, 109;
+    victory at Sluys, 228;
+    defeated by Spaniards, 313;
+    harries the coast of Britanny, iii. 16;
+    Henry VIII.'s, iv. 28, 29;
+    Elizabeth's, 360;
+    its fight with the Armada, 361, 362;
+    declares for Charles I., vi. 59;
+    re-created by Vane, 78;
+    increased under William III., vii. 105, 107;
+    blockades Cadiz and threatens Naples, 223;
+    its share in the war with France, viii. 111, 127, 133;
+    blockades Malta, 162, 165;
+    attacks Copenhagen, 163, 180
+
+  Fleetwood, General, vi. 121, 145, 150
+
+  Flemings
+    in Pembrokeshire, ii. 48, 55;
+    settle in England under Edward III., 226;
+    besiege Bouvines, 234;
+    attack France, 244
+
+  Fletcher, Giles, v. 304
+
+  Fletcher, Phineas, v. 304
+
+  Fleurus, battles of, vii. 75; viii. 109
+
+  Flint,
+    Richard II. taken prisoner at, ii. 381;
+    castle captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 11
+
+  Flodden, battle of, iii. 210
+
+  Flood, Henry, viii. 37
+
+  Florence,
+    revival of letters at, iii. 189;
+    commercial treaty with, iv. 282
+
+  Florence of Worcester, i. 6, 173, 280
+
+  Florida,
+    Huguenot colony in, iv. 330;
+    ceded to England, vii. 307;
+    to Spain, viii. 41
+
+  Flushing pledged to Elizabeth, iv. 349
+
+  Foliot, Gilbert, his letters, i. 173
+
+  Folk, the, i. 19
+
+  "Folk-land," i. 47
+
+  Folk-moot, the, i. 19, 20.
+
+  Fontenoy, battle of, vii. 227
+
+  Ford, John, v. 303
+
+  Forests,
+    Assize of the, i. 267;
+    Charter of the, ii. 165, 166, 170;
+    Law of the, 34;
+    commission of, under Charles I., v. 277;
+    New, disafforested by Great Charter, i. 352
+
+  Forster, Thomas, vii. 184
+
+  Fort St. George (Madras), vii. 232
+
+  Fort William (Calcutta), vii. 232
+
+  Fort William (Inverness-shire), vii. 52
+
+  Fortescue, Sir Faithful, vi. 3
+
+  Fortescue, Sir John, iii. 86
+
+  Fotheringay, Mary Stuart beheaded at, iv. 352
+
+  Fougeres sacked by the English, iii. 62
+
+  Fourmigny, battle of, iii. 62
+
+  _Four Masters, Annals of the_, i. 7
+
+  Fox, Edward, Bishop of Hereford, iii. 336
+
+  Fox, Richard, Bishop of Winchester, iii. 202, 216, 230, 285
+
+  Fox, Charles James,
+    leader of the Whigs, viii. 63, 64;
+    his jealousy of Shelburne, 65;
+    his India Bill, 67, 68;
+    his joy at the capture of the Bastille, 84;
+    supports the Prince's claim to the Regency, _ib._;
+    his Libel Act, 92;
+    supports Pitt in giving self-government to Canada, 92;
+    Burke's quarrel with him, _ib._;
+    returns to office, 174;
+    death, 178
+
+  Foxe's _Book of Martyrs_, iv. 3
+
+  France,
+    war of William the Conqueror with, i. 190;
+    invaded by Otto of Germany, 338;
+    regency offered to Simon of Montfort, ii. 40;
+    relations with Scotland, 141, 170, 171, 197, 213;
+    treaty with Edward I., 170;
+    claim of Edward III. to the throne, 208;
+    Edward III. declares war with, 213;
+    greatness at opening of Hundred Years' War, 215, 216;
+    relations with the papacy, 217, 224;
+    condition after battle of Poitiers, 264;
+    ravaged by Edward III., 265;
+    Edward III. renounces his claims on, 266;
+    renewal of war with, 285;
+    invaded by John of Gaunt, 287;
+    relations with Scotland and Flanders, 349;
+    truces with Richard II., 354, 368;
+    relations with Henry IV., iii. 6;
+    with the Percies, 12, 14;
+    with Owen Glyndwr, 15, 18;
+    civil war in, 16;
+    relations with the Council of Henry IV., 23, 24;
+      truce with, 26;
+    Henry V.'s claims on, 28, 29;
+      treaty with him, 35, 36;
+    political position at close of Hundred Years' War, 119;
+    relations with Maximilian and England, 170, 171;
+    growth of its power, 205, 206;
+    attacked by English, Germans, and Spaniards, 247;
+    Mary Tudor's war with, iv. 108;
+    relations with Scotland under Mary of Guise, 169-173;
+    growth of the Huguenots in, 174, 206-208;
+    Huguenot rising in, 209;
+    massacre of Protestants in, 299;
+    parties in, on death of Henry III., 369;
+    re-united under Henry IV., 373;
+    league with England and the Netherlands, v. 60;
+    alliance with Holland, 316;
+    growth of its power, vi. 113, 114;
+    treaty with Cromwell, 117;
+    its growing prosperity, 187-189;
+    alliance with England and Holland, vii. 187;
+    alliance with England and Prussia, 199;
+    position after Treaty of Utrecht, 212;
+    union with Spain, 213, 214;
+      supports her against England, 219;
+    alliance with Prussia, 221;
+    claims on America and India, 232;
+    war with England, 248, 249, 264, 265;
+    withdraws from India and America, 307;
+    policy in American war, viii. 28;
+    league with America and Spain, 30;
+    Pitt's treaty of commerce with, 79;
+    condition in the eighteenth century, 81, 82;
+    volunteers from, in Washington's army, 83;
+    revolution in, _ib._, 86, 95, 96, 101;
+    attitude towards England, 97-100;
+    attacked by the Coalition, 101;
+    royalty abolished in, _ib._;
+    attacks Holland, 102;
+    declares war on England, 103;
+    reverses in 1793, 107;
+    successes, 109, 110;
+    Directory in, 113;
+    dealings with Ireland, 121, 123-125;
+    attacks Austria and Italy, 122;
+    conquers Switzerland, 134, 135;
+    takes Rome, 136;
+    relations with Russia, _ib._, 137;
+    conquers Italy, 139;
+      forced to evacuate it, 140;
+    Consulate in, 142;
+    position after the Peace of Luneville, 144, 145;
+    driven from Egypt, 165, 166;
+    invaded by the Allies, 202;
+    the Bourbons return to, 203;
+    Napoleon's last struggle in, 206;
+    literature of, its influence on Chaucer, ii. 359, 360
+
+  Franchise, restriction of, iii. 99-102
+
+  Francis of Assisi, St., ii. 9, 12, 13
+
+  Francis II., Emperor, viii. 96
+
+  Francis I., king of France, iii. 232;
+    campaign in Italy, 233;
+    treaties with Maximilian and Charles, 234;
+    with Henry VIII., 235;
+    meeting with Henry, 241;
+    struggle with Henry and Charles, 247;
+    defeats in Italy, 248, 250;
+    prisoner, 250;
+    treaties with Henry, 266, 270;
+    released, 267;
+    intrigues with Lutherans and Papacy, iv. 22;
+    attacks Charles, 24;
+    negotiations with Scotland, _ib._;
+    treaty with Charles, 32;
+    with Henry, 33;
+    sends explorers to America, 330
+
+  Francis (II.), of France,
+    marries Mary Stuart, iv. 53, 169;
+    king, 174;
+    treaties with Elizabeth and the Scots, 176;
+    death, 188
+
+  Franciscans (Grey Friars) in England, ii. 11
+
+  Frankfort,
+    English Protestants at, iv. 118, 119;
+    their "troubles," 127, 128
+
+  Franklin, Benjamin,
+    his plan for the defence of the American colonies, vii. 243;
+    sent as their agent to England, 326;
+    counsels submission to the Stamp Acts, 330;
+    relations with Chatham, viii. 20;
+    mission to France, 28
+
+  Frank-pledge, i. 238, 322
+
+  Frederick II., Emperor, i. 293; ii. 7, 27
+
+  Frederick III., Emperor, iii. 146, 147
+
+  Frederick, Elector Palatine,
+    marries Elizabeth of England, v. 210;
+    king of Bohemia, 217;
+    driven out, 220, 226
+
+  Frederick II., king of Prussia, vii. 220;
+    alliance with France, 221;
+    victory at Chotusitz, 223;
+    Silesia ceded to, _ib._;
+    seizes Prague, 225;
+    driven from Bohemia, _ib._;
+    victory at Hohenfriedburg, 227;
+    treaty with England, 247, 248;
+    seizes Dresden, 248;
+    victory at Prague, _ib._;
+    defeated at Kolin, _ib._;
+    victories at Rossbach, Leuthen and Zorndorf, 263;
+    defeated at Hochkirch and Kunersdorf, _ib._;
+    at Plauen, 264;
+    campaign of 1760, 302;
+    share in partition of Poland, viii. 85;
+    death, _ib._
+
+  Frederick, Prince of Wales, vii. 218
+
+  Free Companies, the, ii. 281, 282
+
+  Freeholders succeed the villeins, ii. 333
+
+  Freeman, the English, i. 11, 12;
+    sinks into the villein, 133, 321
+
+  Freteval,
+    Henry II. and Thomas reconciled at, i. 240;
+    Richard I. surprises Philip's treasure at, 263
+
+  Friars, the, ii. 10-14;
+    Lord Bacon's comment on, 21;
+    their political influence, 22, 23;
+    character and effect of their preaching, 24;
+    attempt conversion of Jews, 127;
+    oppose Wyclif, 335
+
+  Friedland, battle of, viii. 175
+
+  Frisians in AElfred's fleet, i. 116
+
+  "Frith" of Wedmore, i. 107
+
+  Frobisher, Martin, iv. 331, 361
+
+  Froissart, Jean, ii. 178
+
+  Fuentes d'Onore, battle of, viii. 191
+
+  Fyrd, the, i. 116, 161, 257; ii. 103, 122, 240
+
+
+  Gage, General, viii. 19
+
+  Gaimar, Geoffrey, i. 174, 247
+
+  Gainsborough, Swein dies at, i. 143
+
+  Gall, St., i. 68
+
+  Gardiner, Stephen, iii. 272, 279;
+    Bishop of Winchester, 298;
+    expelled from the Council, 348;
+    supersedes Norfolk in the king's counsels, iv. 24;
+    excluded from the regency, 46;
+    imprisoned, 54;
+    Chancellor, 74;
+    proposes Mary's marriage with Courtenay, 78;
+    his aversion to the Spanish match, 80;
+    attitude towards Rome, 87;
+    tract _On True Obedience_, _ib._;
+    change in his attitude, 88;
+    threat to the Protestant refugees, 119;
+    desires "to go roundly to work" with Elizabeth, 137;
+    death, 98
+
+  Garnet, Henry, Provincial of the Jesuits, v. 159
+
+  Garter, Order of the, founded, ii. 252
+
+  Gascony,
+    Simon of Montfort's rule in, ii. 38-40;
+    seized by Charles IV., 197;
+    restored to Edward III., 266;
+    resists the hearth-tax, 285;
+    barons appeal to France against the Black Prince, _ib._;
+    its final loss, iii. 70, 71
+
+  Gates, General, viii. 26
+
+  Gauden, Dr., vi. 72
+
+  Gaunt, Elizabeth, vii. 11
+
+  Gaunt, John of. _See_ John
+
+  Gavel-kind, i. 324
+
+  Gaveston, Piers, ii. 186-188, 190
+
+  Gay, John, vii. 161
+
+  Gemblours, battle of, iv. 312
+
+  Geneva, Calvin at, iv. 126
+
+  Genoa annexed by Napoleon, viii. 172
+
+  Genoese at battle of Crecy, ii. 236, 238
+
+  Geoffry, Archbishop of York, i. 330
+
+  Geoffry of Britanny, son of Henry II., i. 247, 254, 257
+
+  Geoffry of Monmouth, i. 246; ii. 57
+
+  George I., King, vii. 146;
+    his temper, 173;
+    foreign policy, 187-189;
+    death, 200
+
+  George, Duke of Cambridge (George II.), vii. 144;
+    his character, 173;
+    King, 200;
+    his foreign policy, 221, 223, 226, 247;
+    victory at Dettingen, 224;
+    death, 283
+
+  George III., King, vii. 283;
+    his character and aims, 284, 285;
+    importance of his action, 285, 286;
+    his power, 300;
+    relations with Pitt, 305, 316, 328, 331, 339;
+    with the Whigs, 305, 316, 328, 339;
+    with Parliament, 309;
+    urges the expulsion of Wilkes, viii. 6;
+    renews the quarrel with America, 13;
+    his personal government, 16, 17;
+    his rejoicing at the quarrel with America, 19;
+    madness, 84, 196;
+    refuses emancipation to Catholics, 154, 155, 179
+
+  George, Prince of Wales (George IV.), Regent, viii. 84, 196
+
+  Georgia, colony of, vii. 236, 237
+
+  Gerald of Wales, i. 174, 245, 246, 275, 285
+
+  Germany,
+    its relations with the Papacy, ii. 218;
+    growth of Protestantism in, iv. 31; v. 175;
+    Catholic reaction in, 176;
+    attacked by Lewis XIV., vii. 38, 48, 118
+
+  Gervase of Canterbury, i. 174
+
+  _Gesta Stephani_, i. 173
+
+  Gesith, the, i. 50
+
+  Gewissas, i. 34
+
+  Ghent,
+    Charters confirmed at, ii. 166;
+    revolt at, 233;
+    John of Gaunt born at, 293;
+    reduced by the French, 349;
+    Pacification of, iv. 310, 311
+
+  Gibbon, Edward, viii. 46
+
+  Gibraltar
+    ceded to England, vii. 142;
+    besieged by the Spaniards, 199;
+    Elliott's defence of, viii. 31, 41
+
+  Gifford, Bonaventure, vii. 26
+
+  Gilbert, Sir Humphry, iv. 345
+
+  Gilbert, William, discovers terrestrial magnetism, vi. 131
+
+  Gilbert, William, papal emissary in Ireland, iv. 317
+
+  Gildas, i. 3
+
+  Gilds, i. 298-300, 304;
+    of English Merchant Adventurers in Flanders, iii. 155;
+    of St. John at Bruges, 154;
+    of the Staple, ii. 304;
+    of tailors, i. 318;
+    of weavers, 317;
+    Ordinances of, 274;
+    suppression of, iv. 54.
+    _See_ Craft-gilds, Merchant-gild
+
+  Ginkell, General, vii. 73
+
+  Giraldus Cambrensis. _See_ Gerald
+
+  Girondists, viii. 96
+
+  Glamis, Patrick Lyon, Master of, v. 124
+
+  Glamorgan
+    conquered by Robert Fitz-Hamo, ii. 48;
+      by Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, 58
+
+  Glamorgan, Edward Somerset, Earl of, vi. 16
+
+  Glanvill, Ranulf de, i. 255, 259;
+    his treatise on law, 174, 244
+
+  Glastonbury,
+    St. Dunstan at, i. 121, 123;
+    Arthur's tomb at, 247; ii. 57
+
+  Glastonbury, Richard Whiting, abbot of, hanged, iii. 350
+
+  Glencoe, massacre of, vii. 53, 54
+
+  Glendower. _See_ Glyndwr
+
+  Gloucester,
+    northmen at, i. 106;
+    Henry III. crowned at, ii. 1;
+    seized by Edward, 76;
+    besieged by Charles I., vi. 13;
+      relieved, 14;
+    Parliament at, ii. 289, 315
+
+  Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of, iii. 33;
+    his marriage with Jacqueline, 38, 42;
+    Regent of England, 40;
+      set aside, 41;
+    Protector, _ib._;
+    his love of literature, 40, 41;
+    character, 41;
+    recovers Hainault, 42;
+    struggle with Beaufort, 44;
+    represses Lollard risings, 96;
+    retires, 58, 59;
+    arrest and death, 61;
+    his library, 161
+
+  Gloucester, Richard, Duke of. _See_ Richard
+
+  Gloucester, Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of, ii. 351, 352;
+    head of Continual Council, 353;
+    struggle with Richard II., _ib._, 354;
+    withdraws from Court, 370;
+    arrested, _ib._;
+    dies, 371
+
+  Gloucester, Richard de Clare, Earl of, ii. 64-66
+
+  Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare, Earl of,
+    supports Simon de Montfort, ii. 67, 70, 71;
+    quarrels with him, 75;
+    his policy after Evesham, 81, 85, 86, 88;
+    occupies London, 89;
+    marries Johanna of Acre, 123
+
+  Gloucester, Robert, Earl of. _See_ Robert
+
+  Gloucester, Thomas Spenser, Earl of, iii. 7
+
+  Godolphin, Sidney, vi. 315;
+    takes office, vii. 98;
+    Lord Treasurer, 112, 113;
+    supports Occasional Conformity, 123;
+    dismissed, 139
+
+  Glyndwr, Owen, iii. 9-12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 22
+
+  Godfrey, Sir Edmondsbury, vi. 294, 295
+
+  Godwine, Earl of Wessex, i. 146-153
+
+  "Goliath, Bishop," i. 248
+
+  Gondomar, Count of, v. 226, 229
+
+  Goodman, Godfrey, Bishop of Gloucester, v. 298
+
+  Goodman, Christopher, iv. 130, 131
+
+  Goodrich, Bishop of Ely, iii. 336
+
+  Gorm, king of Denmark, i. 128
+
+  Government,
+    Act of, vi. 122;
+    Instrument of, 99, 102, 105
+
+  Gower, Caxton's edition of, iii. 157
+
+  Gowrie, William Ruthven, first Earl of, v. 128, 138
+
+  Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, third Duke of, vii. 170, 340; viii.
+      4, 15
+
+  Grafton's _Chronicle_, iii. 83
+
+  Grammont, Count, _Memoirs_ of, vi. 157
+
+  Granby, John Manners, Marquis of, viii. 15
+
+  Grantmesnil, Ivo of, i. 201
+
+  Granville, John Carteret, second Earl (_see_ Carteret), vii. 225, 226
+
+  Grasse, Admiral de, viii. 40
+
+  Grattan, Henry,
+    demands repeal of Poynings' Act, viii. 37;
+    leads the Protestants in the Irish Parliament, 79;
+    strives for its reform, 117, 118, 120
+
+  Gravelines, battle of, iv. 108
+
+  "Greater and lesser folk," i. 318
+
+  Greek,
+    study of, at Canterbury, i. 92;
+    revival of, in fifteenth century, iii. 189, 190, 194, 195, 200
+
+  Greene, General, viii. 32
+
+  Greene, Robert, v. 8, 25, 26, 30, 31
+
+  Greenvil, Sir Bevil, vi. 5, 6
+
+  Greenway, Oswald, v. 159
+
+  Greenwich, AElfheah martyred at, i. 142
+
+  Gregory the Great (Pope),
+    his interview with English slaves, i. 53;
+    sends Augustine to England, 57;
+    his _Pastoral Book_ translated by AElfred, 114
+
+  Gregory VII., Pope, i. 187
+
+  Gregory IX., Pope, ii. 27
+
+  Gregory XIII., Pope, iv. 299;
+    urges Philip to attack Elizabeth, 301;
+    heads the Catholic movement, 306;
+    plans a descent on Ireland, 315;
+    sends Jesuits to England, 317
+
+  Grenada conquered by England, vii. 307
+
+  Grenville, William Wyndham, Lord, viii. 155;
+    leader of the Old Whigs, 156;
+    refuses office, 171;
+    accepts it, 174;
+    his Orders in Council, 178;
+    fall of his ministry, 179
+
+  Grenville, George,
+    adherent of Pitt, vii. 247, 250;
+    deserts him, 303, 328;
+    head of the Admiralty, 311;
+    prime minister, 314;
+    character and policy, 316, 317, 320;
+    death, viii. 16
+
+  Grenville, Sir Richard, iv. 370, 371
+
+  Gresham, Sir Thomas, iv. 280
+
+  Gresham College, meetings of the Royal Society at, vi. 165
+
+  Grew, Nehemiah, vi. 167
+
+  Grey, John de, Bishop of Norwich, i. 329
+
+  Grey of Ruthin, Reginald, third Lord, iii. 10
+
+  Grey of Wilton, William, thirteenth Lord, iv. 175
+
+  Grey of Wilton, Arthur, fourteenth Lord, v. 12
+
+  Grey, Lady Catharine, iv. 70, 238; v. 121
+
+  Grey, Lady Jane, iv. 69;
+    proclaimed queen, 70;
+    imprisoned, 71;
+    trial, 75;
+    beheaded, 84;
+    _Chronicle of_, 3
+
+  Grey, Lord Leonard, iii. 330
+
+  Grey, Sir John, iii. 124
+
+  Grey, Sir Thomas, iii. 30
+
+  Grimbald, Abbot of Winchester, i. 113
+
+  Grimston, Sir Harbottle, v. 324
+
+  Grindal, Edmund,
+    Protestant exile, iv. 119, 132;
+    tutor of Elizabeth, 134;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 290; v. 17;
+    Strype's _Life of_, iv. 4
+
+  Grindecobbe, William, ii. 330, 332
+
+  Grocyn, William, iii. 190, 197, 256
+
+  Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln,
+    his letters, i. 274;
+    his Constitutions, ii. 8;
+    lectures at Oxford, 14;
+    friendship with Bacon, 18;
+    remonstrates against policy of Henry III., 34;
+    friendship with Simon de Montfort, 41
+
+  Grouchy, Marshal, viii. 208, 210
+
+  Gruffydd ap Llewelyn, prince of Wales, ii. 47
+
+  Gruffydd ap Conan, prince of North Wales, ii. 54
+
+  Guader, Ralf de, i. 189
+
+  Gualchmai, ii. 52, 54
+
+  Gualo, legate, ii. 1
+
+  Guesclin, Bertrand du, ii. 281, 283-287
+
+  Guienne
+    seized by Philip the Fair, ii. 142;
+    restored to Edward III., 266;
+    the Black Prince's ravages in, 259;
+    attacked by Du Guesclin, 285;
+    attacked by Armagnac, iii. 16;
+    conquered by Charles VII., 68, 69.
+    _See_ Aquitaine
+
+  Guineas, the first, vi. 223
+
+  Guise, Francis, Duke of, iv. 108, 174, 208, 210, 216
+
+  Guise, Henry, Duke of, iv. 355, 356, 367
+
+  Guise, Mary of. _See_ Mary
+
+  Guisnes
+    ceded to Edward III., ii. 266;
+    meeting of Henry VIII. and Francis I. at, iii. 241;
+    surrendered to France, iv. 108
+
+  Gunpowder, effects of its introduction, iii. 95
+
+  Gunpowder Plot, the, v. 158, 159
+
+  Gurdon, Sir Adam, ii. 86, 87, 94
+
+  Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, v. 275, 276
+
+  Guthlac, St., i. 86
+
+  Guthrum, king of East Anglia, i. 104, 106
+
+  Guy, Bishop of Amiens, i. 6
+
+  Gwent, the, i. 34
+
+  Gwent (in Wales) rises against Eadward the Elder, i. 118
+
+  Gwynn, Nell, vi. 176; vii. 5
+
+  Gyrth, son of Godwine, i. 164
+
+  Gyrwas, i. 117
+
+  Gytha of Hordaland, i. 128
+
+
+  Hainault, Jacqueline, Countess of, iii. 38, 42, 43
+
+  Hainault, William I., Count of, ii. 198, 217
+
+  Hainault, William II., Count of, ii. 220
+
+  Hakluyt's _Voyages_, v. 10
+
+  Hale, Sir Matthew, vi. 85, 96, 200
+
+  Hales, Sir Edward, vii. 15
+
+  Hales, John, theologian, vi. 134, 136, 137
+
+  Hales, John, leader of Peasant Revolt, ii. 319
+
+  Halidon Hill, battle of, ii. 211
+
+  Halifax (Nova Scotia), its foundation, vii. 242
+
+  Halifax, George Savile, first Viscount, Earl, and Marquis of, vi. 280;
+    correspondence with Barillon, 298;
+    takes office, 301;
+    against the exclusion of James, 307;
+    plans for the succession, 308;
+    throws out the Exclusion Bill, 320;
+    his Bill of Securities, _ib._;
+    his Limitation Bill, 323;
+    advises calling a new Parliament, 334;
+    dismissed from the Privy Council, vii. 14;
+    joins William III., 43;
+    prays him to accept the Crown, 47;
+    Lord Privy Seal, 67;
+    opposes the war and the Bank, 88;
+    death, 182
+
+  Halifax, George Montague, second Earl of, vii. 242-244
+
+  Hall, Joseph, Bishop of Norwich and satirist, v. 303
+
+  Halle's _Chronicle_, iii. 83
+
+  Halley, Edmund, vi. 166
+
+  Hamilton, James, third Marquis and first Duke of, v. 275, 334-336,
+      364;
+    supports Charles I., vi. 58, 59;
+    defeated at Preston, 62;
+    executed, 72
+
+  Hamilton, William, second Duke of, vi. 82, 84
+
+  Hamilton, James, of Bothwellhaugh, iv. 271; v. 122
+
+  Hamilton, General Gustavus, vii. 58
+
+  Hamilton, Colonel, vii. 53
+
+  Hammond, Colonel, vi. 59
+
+  Hampden, Griffith, v. 320
+
+  Hampden, John,
+    his youth, v. 320;
+    in Parliament of 1621, 321;
+    resists forced loan, _ib._, 255;
+    in Parliament of 1628, 321;
+    his home, 321, 322;
+    character, 322;
+    friends and kindred, _ib._;
+    refuses to pay ship-money, 323;
+    trial of his case, 324, 330, 331;
+    judgement against him annulled, 352;
+    one of the "five members," 373;
+    urges the abolition of Episcopacy, vi. 14;
+    member of Committee of Public Safety, 1;
+    his "Greencoats," 6, 7;
+    his services in the war, 6-8;
+    fight at Chalgrove, 10;
+    death, 11;
+    burial, 12
+
+  Hampden, John, the younger, vi. 336
+
+  Hampton Court,
+    Wolsey's palace at, iii. 236, 253;
+    treaty of, iv. 209;
+    conference on religion at, v. 152
+
+  Hanover, convention of, vii. 231
+
+  Harald Fairhair, king of Norway, i. 128, 129
+
+  Harald Hardrada, king of Denmark, i. 161, 162
+
+  Harald Harefoot, king of England, i. 147
+
+  Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, first Earl of, vii. 203, 245
+
+  Hardyng's _Chronicle_, ii. 179
+
+  Harfleur taken by Henry V., iii. 30
+
+  Hargreaves, John, viii. 59
+
+  Harley, Robert, vii. 102;
+    Secretary of State, 124;
+    intrigues against Marlborough, 132;
+    dismissed, 138;
+    returns to office, 139;
+    rivalry with Bolingbroke, 143;
+    countenances the South Sea bubble, 192.
+    _See_ Oxford
+
+  Harold, son of Godwine, Earl of East Anglia, i. 150;
+    governor of the realm under Eadward, 153;
+    campaign in Wales, _ib._, ii. 47;
+    his oath to William, i. 159;
+    king, 160;
+    struggle with Tostig and Harald Hardrada, 161, 162;
+    slain at Senlac, 165
+
+  Harrington's version of Ariosto, v. 2
+
+  Harrison, General, vi. 90, 91, 195
+
+  Harry, Blind, i. 275
+
+  Harthacnut, king, i. 147, 148
+
+  Harvey, Gabriel, v. 11, 12
+
+  Harvey, William, v. 52, 55; vi. 131
+
+  Haselrig, Arthur,
+    one of the Five Members, v. 373;
+    charges against him, vi. 85;
+    opposes the dissolution of the Rump, 89;
+    in Parliament of 1654, 101;
+    denies the legality of the government, 102;
+    demands the dismissal of Fleetwood and Lambert, 150
+
+  Hasting, i. 116, 117
+
+  Hastings, battle of, i. 162-165
+
+  Hastings, John, second Lord, claimant of Scotland, ii. 136
+
+  Hastings (of Ashby), William, first Lord, iii. 163, 164
+
+  Hastings, Henry, Lord, iv. 70.
+    _See_ Huntingdon
+
+  Hastings, Warren, viii. 31, 50, 51
+
+  Havana conquered by England, vii. 307
+
+  Havre
+    surrendered to Elizabeth, iv. 210;
+    capitulates to France, 217
+
+  Hawarden Castle captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 11
+
+  Hawke, Admiral, vii. 265
+
+  Hawkesbury, Robert Banks Jenkinson, Lord, viii. 157.
+    _See_ Liverpool
+
+  Hawkins, John, iv. 283, 361
+
+  Hawley, General, vii. 229
+
+  Haxey, Sir Thomas, ii. 370
+
+  Hayward's _Life of Edward VI._, iv. 3;
+    his _Annals_, _ib._, 4
+
+  Heathenism, its struggle with Christianity in England, i. 65, 66,
+      70-73
+
+  Heathfield, battle of the, i. 66
+
+  Heaven's Field, battle of, i. 67
+
+  Hebrides, Northmen in the, i. 129
+
+  Hemingford or Heminburh, Walter of, ii. 177
+
+  Hengest, i. 31, 49
+
+  Henrietta Maria of France, wife of Charles I., v. 241, 376; vi. 4
+
+  Henrietta, Duchess of Orleans, vi. 192, 257
+
+  Henry I., King, i. 198;
+    charter and marriage, _ib._, 199;
+    relations with the English people, 198, 200-202;
+    with the barons, 202;
+    conquers Normandy, _ib._;
+    dealings with Wales, ii. 48;
+    his rule, i. 203-205;
+    administration, 205, 206;
+    death, 214;
+    literature at his court, 246;
+    his charter produced by Langton, 340;
+    his charter to London, 304;
+      to Oxford, 309;
+    "Laws" of, 339
+
+  Henry (II.) Fitz-Empress, i. 226;
+    comes to England, 227;
+    treaty with Stephen, _ib._;
+    king, 228;
+    person and character, 229-231;
+    results of his rule, 231;
+    first measures, 232;
+    Welsh war, _ib._; ii. 53, 54;
+    extent of his continental dominions, i. 232, 233;
+    war of Toulouse, 233;
+    relations with the barons, _ib._;
+      with the Church, 235-237, 253;
+    struggle with Thomas, 236, 237, 239, 240;
+    penance at his shrine, 255;
+    legal reforms, 235-239, 255, 256;
+    reforms of the King's Court, ii. 110, 111;
+    visits Arthur's tomb at Glastonbury, i. 247; ii. 57, 58;
+    dealings with Ireland, i. 250, 251, 253;
+    rebellions against him, 254, 255;
+    receives homage of Scotland, i. 255; ii. 134;
+    reorganizes the fyrd, 257;
+    revolt of his sons, _ib._;
+    introduces taxation of personal property, _ib._;
+    death, 258;
+    charter to Oxford, 309
+
+  Henry III., King,
+    crowned, ii. 1;
+    crowned again, 5;
+    character and policy, 25, 26;
+    relations with Rome, 26, 27, 59;
+    campaigns in Britanny and Poitou, 29;
+    quarrel with Hubert de Burgh, _ib._;
+    personal government, 31;
+    marriage, 32;
+    foreign favourites, _ib._, 33;
+    misrule, 34;
+    confirms Charter, _ib._;
+    second campaign in Poitou, 35;
+    quarrels with Simon of Montfort, 39, 40;
+    contributes to Matthew Paris's _Chronicle_, 44;
+    goes to France, 64;
+    forbids summoning of Parliament, _ib._;
+    gets the Provisions of Oxford annulled by the Pope, 65;
+    tries to surprise Simon at Southwark, 69;
+    prisoner, 71;
+    vengeance after Evesham, 79, 83;
+    dies, 90
+
+  Henry (IV.), Earl of Derby, son of John of Gaunt, ii. 351;
+    one of the Lords Appellant, 353;
+    position and policy, 369;
+    supports Richard II., 370;
+    Duke of Hereford, 372;
+    quarrel with Norfolk, _ib._;
+    exiled, _ib._;
+    returns, 373, 379;
+    captures Richard II. at Flint, 381;
+    king, iii. 2;
+    relations with Parliament, 3, 4;
+      with the Church, 4;
+      with France, 6;
+      with the lords, 7;
+    plot against him, 8;
+    marches against Scotland, 9;
+      against Owen Glyndwr, 10, 11;
+    imprisons James of Scotland, 15, 16;
+    epilepsy, 22;
+    struggle with council and Parliament, 23-25;
+    vow of crusade, 25;
+    death, _ib._
+
+  Henry (V.), son of Henry of Lancaster, ii. 378;
+    his campaigns in Wales, iii. 10, 17, 18, 22;
+    person and character, 17, 18;
+    friendship with Oldcastle, 20, 27;
+    policy, 22;
+    struggle with the council, 24, 25;
+    king, 25;
+    coronation, 26;
+    first measures, _ib._;
+    action against Lollards, 27;
+    claims French crown, 28;
+    plot against him, 30;
+    takes Harfleur, _ib._;
+    victory at Agincourt, 30-32;
+    alliance with Burgundy, 32;
+    conquers Normandy, 33, 34;
+    marriage and treaty with France, 35;
+    enters Paris, 36;
+    captures Dreux, _ib._;
+    repulsed from Orleans, _ib._;
+    besieges Meaux, _ib._;
+    his plans, 37, 38;
+    death, 36;
+    _Life of_, by Titus Livius, iii. 41;
+    authorities for his reign, ii. 179
+
+  Henry VI., king, iii. 39;
+    crowned at Paris, 55;
+    his court at Rouen, _ib._;
+    struggle with York, 68-70;
+    idiotcy, 71;
+    recovers, 72;
+    prisoner, 74, 75;
+    escapes to Scotland, 80;
+    recaptured, 123, 127;
+    sent to the Tower, 127;
+    restored, 139;
+    imprisoned again, 142;
+    death, 145;
+    library, 161;
+    authorities for his reign, ii. 179, 180
+
+  Henry (VII.) Tudor, iii. 145;
+    early life, 165, 166;
+    expedition to England, 167;
+    goes to France, 171;
+    lands at Milford Haven, _ib._;
+    victory at Bosworth, 172;
+    person and character, 173;
+    title to the crown, 174, 175;
+    marriage, 175;
+    his government, 176-178;
+    expedition to France, 179, 180;
+    dealings with Ireland, 181, 182;
+    with Scotland, 184, 185;
+    with Spain, 186-188;
+    patronage of Caxton, 161;
+    chapel at Westminster, 174;
+    death, 198;
+    _Lives of_, 83
+
+  Henry (VIII.), son of Henry VII.,
+    betrothed to Catharine of Aragon, iii. 187;
+    king, 198;
+    person and tastes, _ib._, 199;
+    protects the New Learning, 202, 204;
+    temper, 204;
+    policy towards France, 205, 207;
+    marries Catharine, 207;
+    relations with Ferdinand, _ib._;
+    attempt on France, 209, 210;
+    treaty with Lewis XII., 232;
+    with Charles, 233;
+    relations with Charles, 235;
+    treaty with Francis, _ib._;
+    seeks the Empire, 240;
+    designs on France, _ib._;
+    interview with Charles, 241;
+      with Francis, _ib._;
+    league with Charles and the Pope, 243;
+    financial difficulties, _ib._, 244, 251, 252;
+    new alliance with Charles, 250;
+    supports the Papacy, 255;
+    his _Assertion of the Seven Sacraments_, _ib._;
+    named "Defender of the Faith," _ib._;
+    protects Latimer, 263, 265;
+    treaties with France, 266, 270;
+    joins the Holy League, 266;
+    seeks a divorce, 268, 272;
+    relations with Anne Boleyn, 267, 270, 273, 274, 276;
+      with Parliament, 288;
+    forbids the circulation of Tyndale's Bible, 290;
+    appeals to the Universities about his divorce, 292;
+    claims to be "Head of the Church," 296;
+    banishes Catharine from his house, 298;
+    league with France, 302;
+    threatened with excommunication, _ib._;
+    marries Anne Boleyn, 303;
+    takes title of "Supreme Head of the Church," 306;
+    Cromwell's hold over him, 313, 314;
+    marries Jane Seymour, 326;
+    dealings with Ireland, 327, 328, 330-333;
+    turns to the Lutherans, 335, 336;
+    his Articles of Religion, 337, 338;
+    attitude towards Protestantism, 345;
+    excommunicated, 350;
+    marries Anne of Cleves, 351;
+    divorces Anne and marries Catharine Howard, iv. 17;
+    marries Catharine Parr, 24;
+    dealings with Scotland, 25-29;
+    alliance with Charles, 27;
+    campaign in France, 30;
+    treaty with Francis, 33;
+    financial difficulties, 34;
+    offers aid to the League of Schmalkald, 36;
+    drift of his religious policy, 37;
+    address to Parliament in 1545, 38;
+    his scheme for union of England and Scotland, 52;
+    death, 45;
+    will, 46, 69
+
+  Henry V., Emperor, i. 208
+
+  Henry VI., Emperor, i. 262
+
+  Henry II., king of France, iv. 53, 65, 174
+
+  Henry III., king of France (_see_ Anjou), iv. 301, 348, 356, 367, 368
+
+  Henry, king of Navarre, iv. 348, 355, 367;
+    king of France (Henry IV.), 368;
+    victory at Ivry, 369;
+    besieges Paris, _ib._;
+    besieges Rouen, 371;
+    conversion, 372;
+    assassinated, v. 178
+
+  Henry, son of Henry II.,
+    betrothed to Margaret of France, i. 233;
+    crowned, 240;
+    rebels, 254, 257;
+    dies, 257
+
+  Henry of Almaine, ii. 87
+
+  Henry, Bishop of Winchester, i. 224, 225
+
+  Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, i. 264
+
+  Henry, son of David I. of Scotland, ii. 134
+
+  Henry of Essex, ii. 54
+
+  Henry of Trastamara, ii. 282-284, 287
+
+  Herbert, Arthur,
+    carries the invitation to William III., vii. 35;
+    Earl of Torrington, 68, 75
+
+  Herbert, George, v. 113, 303
+
+  Herbert, Philip, Lord, vi. 101
+
+  Herbert, Sir Thomas, v. 72
+
+  Hereford, Humfrey de Bohun, Earl of. _See_ Bohun
+
+  Hereford, Henry, Duke of. _See_ Henry IV.
+
+  Hereward, i. 170
+
+  Herford, Nicholas, ii. 336, 339, 341, 343
+
+  Herrick, Robert, v. 303
+
+  Herrings, battle of the, iii. 46
+
+  Hertford, Edward Seymour, Earl of, iv. 41;
+    expedition to Scotland, _ib._, 29;
+    head of the "new men," 45, 46;
+    sends aid to the German Protestants, 50.
+    _See_ Somerset
+
+  Hertford, Edward Seymour, first Earl of, v. 121
+
+  Hertfordshire, royalist rising in, vi. 59
+
+  Hexham,
+    battle of, iii. 123;
+    chroniclers of, i. 173, 243
+
+  Heywood, Thomas, v. 42
+
+  Heyworth Moor, meeting of Yorkshire freeholders at, v. 378
+
+  Higden, Ralph, ii. 356;
+    Caxton's edition of, iii. 157
+
+  Highlands,
+    rising in, under Montrose, vi. 23;
+      under Dundee, vii. 52;
+      under Mar, 183;
+      under Charles Edward, 228;
+    conquest of, 230, 231
+
+  Hild, abbess of Streoneshealh, i. 77
+
+  Hilsey, Bishop of Rochester, iii. 336
+
+  History, English,
+    its beginning, i. 31;
+    compilation of, under AElfred, 115;
+    new school of, under Henry II., 173, 174, 244;
+    revival under Elizabeth, v. 3, 4;
+    municipal, materials for, i. 274
+
+  Hoard, the, at Winchester, i. 180, 188
+
+  Hobbes, Thomas, vi. 138-141, 170
+
+  Hoby, Sir Edward, v. 57
+
+  Hoche, General, viii. 121, 123, 124
+
+  Hochkirch, battle of, vii. 263
+
+  Hohenfriedburg, battle of, vii. 227
+
+  Hohenlinden, battle of, viii. 143
+
+  Holinshed's _History_, iii. 83
+
+  Holland,
+    its alliance with France, v. 316;
+    recognizes Charles II., vi. 70;
+    relations with the Commonwealth, 81;
+    war with England, 86, 88;
+    alliance with Cromwell, 116;
+    relations with Charles II., 186, 187;
+    quarrel with England, 223, 224;
+    war, 225, 226, 238, 239, 242;
+    policy of Lewis XIV. towards, 251;
+    war with England, 261, 268;
+    attacked by Lewis, 268;
+    declares war against him, vii. 49;
+    acknowledges Philip V. as king of Spain, 101;
+    alliance with England, 102, 105;
+      with England and France, 187;
+      with England and Prussia, viii. 85;
+    attacked by France, 102;
+    conquered, 110;
+    made a kingdom for Louis Buonaparte, 185;
+    annexed by Napoleon, 199
+
+  Holland, Henry Rich, first Earl of, vi. 62, 72
+
+  Hollis, Denzil, v. 373;
+    member of Committee of Public Safety, vi. 1;
+    his policy in 1646, 48, 49;
+    ecclesiastical policy, 50;
+    his expulsion demanded, 54;
+    takes office under Charles II., 301;
+    his _Memoirs_, v. 72
+
+  Holmby House, Charles I. seized at, vi. 53
+
+  Holy Island (Lindisfarne), i. 69
+
+  Homildon Hill, battle of, iii. 12
+
+  _Homilies, Book of_, iv. 59
+
+  Honorius III., Pope, ii. 1
+
+  Hood, Samuel, first Baron and Viscount, viii. 109
+
+  Hooke, Robert, vi. 166
+
+  Hooker, Richard, v. 110-112
+
+  Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, iv. 61, 91, 120
+
+  Hopton, Sir Ralph, vi. 5, 6
+
+  Horder (treasurer), the, i. 132
+
+  Horne, Robert, iv. 119
+
+  Horsa, i. 31
+
+  Horse-thegn (constable), i. 132
+
+  Hospitals, suppression of, iv. 34
+
+  Hotham, Sir John, v. 378
+
+  Hough, John, President of Magdalen College, Oxford, vii. 25, 26
+
+  Hounslow, camp at, vii. 16
+
+  Howard of Effingham, Charles, second Lord, iv. 358, 360, 361
+
+  Howard of Escrick, Edward, first Lord, v. 343
+
+  Howard of Escrick, William, third Lord, vi. 336
+
+  Howard, John, viii. 48-50
+
+  Howard, Catharine, iv. 17, 24
+
+  Howard, Frances, Countess of Essex, v. 190-193;
+    of Somerset, 193, 205-207
+
+  Howard, Sir Robert, iii. 286
+
+  Howards, the, iii. 286
+
+  Howe, Richard, first Earl, viii. 111
+
+  Howe, John, vi. 210;
+    refuses the Indulgence, vii. 22
+
+  Howe, General Sir William, viii. 23, 25
+
+  Howel Dda, Laws of, ii. 46
+
+  Howden, Roger of, i. 174, 244
+
+  Hrolf the Ganger, i. 154, 155
+
+  Hubert Walter, Bishop of Salisbury, i. 262;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury and justiciar, _ib._;
+    his administration, 264;
+    puts down tumult in London, 320;
+    resigns justiciarship, 267;
+    opposes John, 328;
+    dies, 329
+
+  Hubertsberg, treaty of, vii. 306
+
+  Huddleston, Father John, vii. 4
+
+  Hugh, St., Bishop of Lincoln, i. 174, 267
+
+  Hugh, St. (martyr), of Lincoln, ii. 127
+
+  Hugh the Wolf, Earl of Chester, ii. 47
+
+  Huguenots, iv. 174-176;
+    supported by Elizabeth, 189;
+    growth of their power, 206-208;
+    rising of, 209;
+    treaty with Elizabeth, _ib._, 210;
+      with Catharine, 217;
+    defeated at Jarnac, 267;
+    at Montcontour, 268;
+    massacre of, 299;
+    refugees at Canterbury, 306;
+    settle in Florida, iv. 330;
+    persecuted by Lewis XIV., vi. 317, 335; vii. 13;
+    fly to England, 14
+
+  Hull, Charles I. refused admittance to, v. 378
+
+  Humbert, General, viii. 130
+
+  Hundred, the, i. 19, 47
+
+  Hundred-court, the, i. 20;
+    preserved by William I., 185, 186;
+    grand jury elected in, 264
+
+  Hundred-Rolls, ii. 117
+
+  Hundred Years' War,
+    its beginning, ii. 213;
+    change in its character, iii. 29;
+    its effects, ii. 214, 215; iii. 103, 104
+
+  Huntingdon
+    reduced by Eadward, i. 119;
+    granted to David of Scotland, ii. 134
+
+  Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, third Earl of (_see_ Hastings), iv. 268
+
+  Huntingdon, John Holland, Earl of (Duke of Exeter), iii. 7, 8
+
+  Huntingdon, Henry of, i. 4, 173, 243
+
+  Huntly, Alexander Gordon, fourth Earl of, iv. 199, 205
+
+  Huntly, George Gordon, fifth Earl of, iv. 226
+
+  Huntly, George Gordon, sixth Earl of, v. 139, 140
+
+  Huntly, George Gordon, second Marquis of, v. 336, 337
+
+  Hus-carls,
+    Cnut's, i. 144, 146;
+    Harthacnut's, 148;
+    Harold's, 163, 164
+
+  Huss, John, ii. 349
+
+  Hussey, John, Lord, iii. 322, 325
+
+  Hutchinson, Colonel, v. 81, 97;
+    _Memoirs of_, 72
+
+  Hutten, Ulrich von, iii. 256
+
+  Hwiccas, i. 66
+
+  Hyde, Anne, vi. 221
+
+  Hyde, Edward, v. 362;
+    organizes the Royalist party in Parliament, 367;
+    joins Charles I. at York, 378;
+    Chancellor of the Exchequer, vi. 205.
+    _See_ Clarendon
+
+  Hyde, Lawrence, vi. 315, 334
+
+  Hyder Ali, viii. 131
+
+
+  Iceland colonized by Northmen, i. 129
+
+  Ida the Flame-bearer, i. 52
+
+  Impositions of James I., v. 160
+
+  Income-tax, viii. 137
+
+  Independents, v. 308;
+    emigrate to America, _ib._, 310;
+    return, vi. 28;
+    their petition to Charles II., 200
+
+  India,
+    AElfred's intercourse with, i. 109, 113;
+    English settlements in, vii. 232;
+    French attack on, 233;
+    Portuguese settlements in, 232;
+    French withdraw from, 307;
+    Warren Hastings' rule in, viii. 31, 32, 50;
+    Fox's scheme for its government, 67, 68;
+    Buonaparte's designs on, 131, 132
+
+  Indulgence,
+    first Declaration of, vi. 219, 220;
+      second, 262, 273;
+      third, vii. 22;
+      fourth, 29, 30
+
+  Ine, king of Wessex, i. 89, 90
+
+  Ingelger of Anjou, i. 209
+
+  Innocent III., Pope,
+    quashes elections to Canterbury, i. 329;
+    appoints Stephen Langton, 330;
+    lays England under interdict, _ib._;
+    sentences John to deposition, 333;
+    annuls the Charter, excommunicates the barons, and suspends Langton,
+        354
+
+  Interdict
+    in England, i. 330, 331;
+    in Flanders, ii. 219, 224
+
+  "Interim," the, iv. 51
+
+  Inquisition, the, iv. 31, 101
+
+  Inverlochy, battle of, vi. 38
+
+  Iona, i. 69
+
+  Ireland,
+    materials for early history of, i. 7, 8;
+    its condition after the Danish invasions, 249, 250;
+    slave-trade with Bristol, 250;
+    bull for conquest of, 251;
+    Anglo-Norman invasion of, 252;
+    Henry II. in, 253;
+    Gerald de Barri's treatises on, 245, 285;
+    students from, at Oxford, 291;
+    condition after the Norman invasion, ii. 373-375;
+    barons of, rise against John, i. 332, 333;
+    John in, ii. 375, 376;
+    Gaveston in, 187;
+    Edward Bruce's expedition to, 376;
+    condition under Edward III., 377;
+    Richard II. in, 367, 378;
+    Henry VII.'s dealings with, iii. 181, 182;
+    condition under Henry VIII., 326, 327;
+    conquest of, 328-330;
+    Henry's government of, 330-333;
+    effects of Cromwell's ecclesiastical policy in, 339-342;
+    attempts to force the Reformation on, iv. 62, 63;
+    condition under Mary, 109-111;
+    trade with Bristol, iv. 282;
+    condition under Elizabeth, 314, 315;
+    rising in, 315, 316;
+    condition after the fall of Smerwick, v. 61;
+    rising in, under Hugh O'Neill, 62;
+    condition under James I., 287, 288;
+    Wentworth's rule in, 290-292, 364;
+    rising in, 365;
+    Charles I.'s dealings with, vi. 16;
+    success of Ormond's diplomacy in, 71;
+    Royalist successes in, 75;
+    Cromwell's campaign in, 76, 77, 79;
+    proposal for its union with England, 84, 86;
+    its first representation in the English Parliament, 99;
+    Cromwell's conquest and settlement of, 109, 110;
+    first union with England, 110;
+      union dissolved, 180;
+    condition under Charles II., 181, 182;
+      under James II., vii. 17, 55-59;
+    war in, between James and William, 70-72;
+    William's conquest of, 73, 74;
+    relations with England, viii. 33;
+    condition in eighteenth century, 34-36;
+    demand for independence, 37, 38;
+    made independent, 39;
+    Pitt's dealings with, 78, 117, 118;
+    peasant risings in, 119;
+    Hoche's descent on, 124;
+    panic in, _ib._, 125;
+    revolt in, 129;
+    second union with England, 139
+
+  Ireton, Henry,
+    supports the Independents, vi. 45;
+    his influence with the army, 51;
+    policy, 54, 56, 57, 81;
+    Irish campaign and death, 109;
+    his corpse outraged, 201
+
+  Irishmen, United, viii. 118-120, 127, 128
+
+  Iron,
+    manufactures of, iv. 279;
+    mines, i. 30; ii. 107;
+    trade in eighteenth century, viii. 54, 57
+
+  Isabel I., queen of Castille, iii. 186, 187
+
+  Isabella of Angouleme, wife of King John, ii. 33
+
+  Isabella of France, wife of Edward II., ii. 186, 197, 198, 207, 208
+
+  Isabella of France, wife of Richard II., ii. 368
+
+  Isabella, daughter of Philip II. of Spain, iv. 372; v. 121
+
+  Islip, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 290
+
+  Italy,
+    the Renascence in, iii. 189, 190;
+    northern, conquered by Charles VIII. of France, 206;
+      by Francis I., 233;
+      by Buonaparte, viii. 122, 123, 125
+
+  _Itinerarium Cambriae_, i. 274
+
+  _Itinerarium Regis Ricardi_, i. 174
+
+  Ivar the Boneless, i. 104
+
+  Ivry, battle of, iv. 369
+
+
+  "Jack the Carter," ii. 318
+
+  "Jack the Miller," ii. 318
+
+  "Jack Trewman," ii. 318
+
+  Jackson, General, viii. 205
+
+  Jacobins, viii. 96
+
+  Jacobites, vii. 68;
+    their plots, 102, 103, 105;
+    relations with the Tories, 166-168;
+    rise in 1715, 183, 184;
+      in 1745, 228-230
+
+  Jacquerie, the, ii. 265
+
+  Jamaica conquered by the English, vi. 117
+
+  James (I.), son of Robert III. of Scotland, iii. 15;
+    prisoner in England, 16;
+    king, _ib._, 183;
+    murdered, 184
+
+  James IV., king of Scots, iii. 184, 185, 210
+
+  James V., king of Scots, iii. 248; iv. 23, 25, 26
+
+  James (VI.) of Scotland,
+    born, iv. 231;
+    crowned, 259;
+    relations with Lennox and the Guises, 346;
+    alliance with Elizabeth, 350;
+    relations with Essex and Robert Cecil, v. 63;
+    king of England, 122;
+    his early life, 122-124;
+    character and purpose, 124, 125;
+    struggle with the nobles, 128;
+      with the Kirk, 133, 134, 139-143;
+    his _Basilikon Doron_, 143;
+    enters London, 146;
+    person and character, 146-148;
+    policy, 144, 149, 150;
+    gives relief to the Catholics, 150;
+    refuses Puritan demands, 152, 153;
+    proposes union with Scotland, 154;
+    takes title of King of Great Britain, 155;
+    his impositions, 160, 161;
+    struggle with the Assembly and the Kirk, 164-166;
+      with English law, 168;
+    his _True Law of Free Monarchy_, 169;
+    his theory of monarchy, _ib._, 170;
+    financial straits, 172;
+    struggle with Parliament, 179-182;
+    his own minister, 185, 186;
+    sets aside the council, 187;
+    his favourites, 188, 189;
+    backs the divorce of Lady Essex, 190, 191, 193;
+    immorality of his court, 193, 194;
+    summons Parliament, 195;
+      dissolves it, 196;
+    revives benevolences, 197, 198, 229;
+    checks the growth of London, 198, 199;
+    increases the peerage, 200;
+    relations with the judges, 201, 202;
+    dismisses Coke, 202;
+    policy towards Spain, 211, 212;
+      towards Germany and Bohemia, 218, 219;
+    revives monopolies, 222;
+    quarrel with Parliament, 228, 229;
+    tears its Protestation, 229;
+    overborne by Buckingham, 235;
+    death, 239;
+    letters of, iv. 4;
+    authorities for his reign, v. 71
+
+  James, duke of York (King James II.), vi. 182;
+    Lord Admiral, 193;
+    marries Anne Hyde, 221;
+    fight with Opdam off Lowestoft, 225;
+    conversion, 255;
+    fight with De Ruyter, 268;
+    owns himself a Catholic and resigns his office, 274;
+    second marriage, 278;
+    exempted from the act excluding Catholics from Parliament, 297;
+    sent to Brussels, 300;
+    plans for excluding him from the succession, 306;
+    recalled, 310;
+    goes to Scotland, _ib._;
+    again recalled, 315, 335;
+    king, vii. 5;
+    his character, _ib._, 6;
+    first measures, 6, 7;
+    increases the army, 11;
+    relations with France, 12;
+    refuses to let William visit England, _ib._;
+    dealings with the Catholics and the Parliament, 14, 15;
+      with the judges, 15;
+    establishes a camp at Hounslow, 16;
+    restores the High Commission, 18;
+    struggle with the Tory nobles, 19-21;
+    issues Declarations of Indulgence, 22, 29;
+    attempts to pack Parliament, 23, 29;
+    dealings with the Universities, 24-26;
+    relations with William of Orange, 26-28;
+    struggle with the seven bishops, 30, 31;
+    reinforces his army with Irish troops, 33;
+    sides with Lewis against the Empire and Holland, 36;
+    reverses his policy, 39;
+    flight, 42-44;
+    received as king by Lewis, 49;
+    policy in Ireland, 55;
+    lands at Kinsale, 56;
+    his rule at Dublin, 58, 59;
+    returns to France, 71;
+    his plans, 77;
+    death, 106;
+    his _Autobiography_, vi. 157, 158
+
+  James, William, ii. 340
+
+  Jamestown, foundation of, v. 308
+
+  Jarnac, battle of, iv. 267
+
+  Jarrow, i. 91, 92;
+    plundered by northmen, 101
+
+  Jeanne d'Arc, iii. 46-55;
+    _Proces de_, ii. 179
+
+  Jeffreys, George, Chief-Justice, vii. 10, 19;
+    Lord Chancellor, 31
+
+  Jehan le Bel, ii. 178
+
+  Jemappes, battle of, viii. 101
+
+  Jena, battle of, viii. 174
+
+  Jenkins's ear, vii. 217
+
+  Jenkinson, Charles (first earl of Liverpool), vii. 311
+
+  Jenkinson's Travels, v. 9
+
+  Jersey, Charles II. in, vi. 78
+
+  Jerusalem,
+    AElfred's intercourse with, i. 113;
+    taken by Saladin, 257
+
+  Jervis, Admiral, viii. 127
+
+  Jesuits,
+    Order of, founded, iv. 31, 101;
+    missionaries in England, 317-320, 353;
+    banished, v. 156;
+    return, vii. 16;
+    in England, materials for their history, iv. 5
+
+  Jewel, John, iv. 119, v. 106
+
+  Jews in England, i. 187, ii. 125, 130, 284, 307;
+    expelled, ii. 131;
+    return, vi. 112
+
+  Joan of Arc. _See_ Jeanne
+
+  Joan, daughter of Edward II., ii. 206
+
+  Joan of Kent, wife of the Black Prince, ii. 293, 306
+
+  Jocelin of Brakelond, i. 174
+
+  Johanna, daughter of King John, ii. 54
+
+  Johanna, daughter of Edward I., ii. 123
+
+  John of Beverley, St., i. 77
+
+  John, son of Henry II., i. 258;
+    Lord of Ireland, ii. 374;
+    struggle with Longchamp, i. 260, 261;
+      with Hubert Walter, _ib._;
+    king, 268;
+    victory at Mirebeau, _ib._;
+    loses his French dominions, 269;
+    his character, 326-328;
+    prepares for war with France, 328;
+    Welsh rise against him, 333;
+    his continental alliances, _ib._, 334;
+    campaigns in Wales, ii. 54, 55;
+    struggle with the Church, i. 329-331;
+    relations with the baronage, 332, 338;
+    sentenced by the Pope to deposition, 333;
+    becomes the Pope's vassal, 337;
+    absolved, 338;
+    struggle with Langton, 340, 341;
+    goes to France, 342;
+    defeat and return, 343;
+    struggle with the barons, 344-347;
+    assents to Great Charter, 348, 353;
+    gets it annulled by the Pope, 354;
+    takes Rochester and marches on the north, _ib._;
+    struggle with Lewis of France, 355;
+    divides the Pale into counties, ii. 376;
+    charter to Oxford, i. 309;
+    death, 356;
+    his submission to the Pope repudiated by Parliament, ii. 275
+
+  John, king of Bohemia, ii. 236, 239
+
+  John, duke of Normandy, ii. 234, 235;
+    king of France, 258;
+    Normandy rises against, 259;
+    campaign against the Black Prince, 260, 261;
+    prisoner, 262, 263;
+    death, 281
+
+  John of Austria, Don, iv. 310-312
+
+  John of Cambridge, prior of St. Edmund's, ii. 329
+
+  John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, ii. 287, 293, 294;
+    position and policy, 302, 303;
+    corrupt administration, 303;
+    opposed by the Good Parliament, 305-307;
+    action after its dismissal, 307;
+    attacks Wykeham, 308;
+    supports Wyclif, 309;
+    withdraws from court, 311;
+    expedition to St. Malo, 315;
+    turns against Wyclif, 337, 341;
+    goes to Spain, 350;
+    intercedes for the Lords Appellant, 354;
+    patron of Chaucer, 359;
+    Aquitaine granted to, 369;
+    death, 373
+
+  John the Litster, ii. 325, 331
+
+  John of London, pupil of Roger Bacon, ii. 16
+
+  John of Northampton, mayor of London, ii. 345, 350
+
+  John the Old Saxon, i. 113
+
+  John of Salisbury, i. 173, 174, 250, 282, 283, 285
+
+  Johnson, Samuel, vii. 204, 217; viii. 11
+
+  Jonson, Ben, v. 42
+
+  Joseph II., emperor, viii. 81, 85, 86
+
+  Journalism, developement of, in the eighteenth century, vii. 298
+
+  Juana of Castille, wife of Philip of Austria, iii. 186, 208
+
+  Judges,
+    limitations of their powers, ii. 110, 111;
+    circuits of, i. 207;
+    organized by Henry II., 256;
+    regulated by the Great Charter, 350
+
+  Julius II., Pope, iii. 187, 188, 209, 274
+
+  Julius III., Pope, iv. 86
+
+  Junius, viii. 9
+
+  Junto, the, vii. 85
+
+  Jurors, two classes of, i. 238;
+    their functions in the Shire Court, ii. 149
+
+  Jury,
+    trial by, its origin, i. 238;
+    the Grand, _ib._;
+      mode of its election, 264;
+    petty, 239
+
+  Justice
+    in Old England, i. 12, 13, 49;
+    Henry II.'s organization of, 256;
+    administration of, in towns, 297;
+    provisions for, in Great Charter, 350, 352
+
+  Justices of the Peace, ii. 123
+
+  Justiciar, the, i. 206;
+    barons claim right of electing, ii. 38, 60;
+    made responsible to Permanent Council, 61
+
+  Jutes, the,
+    their early home, i. 10;
+    land in Thanet, 31, 32;
+    their victories in Kent, 33;
+    settlements in Wight and along Southampton Water, 85
+
+  Juxon, bishop of London and treasurer, v. 298
+
+
+  Ken, Thomas, bishop of Bath and Wells, vii. 4
+
+  Kenilworth,
+    the younger Simon de Montfort defeated at, ii. 76;
+    Richard of Cornwall prisoner at, 80:
+    its garrison refuse to surrender, 86;
+      surrender, 89;
+    Edward II. in ward at, 199;
+    Henry VI. at, iii. 66;
+    Ban of, ii. 87-89;
+    "Round Table" of, 95
+
+  Kent,
+    conquest of, i. 33;
+    its rise under AEthelberht, 56;
+    conversion, 59;
+    relations with Eadwine, 64;
+    conquered by Ine, 90;
+    submits to Mercia, 91, 98;
+    revolts against Offa, 98;
+    against William I., 167;
+    risings in, ii. 319; iii. 64;
+    Complaint of the Commons of, iii. 65, 66;
+    resists benevolences, 251;
+    Protestant martyrs in, iv. 96;
+    iron manufactures in, 279;
+    royalist rising in, vi. 59, 61
+
+  Kent, West, kingdom of, i. 83
+
+  Kent, Edmund, earl of, son of Edward I., ii. 206, 207
+
+  Kent, Joan of, ii. 293, 306
+
+  Kent, Thomas Holland, earl of (duke of Surrey), iii. 7, 8
+
+  Kent, the Nun of, iii. 319
+
+  Kerry, rising in, iv. 315
+
+  Ketel of St. Edmund's, i. 313
+
+  Kildare, Gerald Fitzgerald, eighth Earl of, iii. 175, 181, 182
+
+  Kildare, Gerald Fitzgerald, ninth Earl of, iii. 328
+
+  Killiecrankie, battle of, vii. 52
+
+  Killigrew, Tom, vi. 175
+
+  Kilmarnock, William Boyd, fourth Earl of, vii. 230
+
+  Kilsyth, battle of, vi. 41
+
+  King, the, i. 48;
+    nature and limits of his power, 49, 132;
+    his "comrades," 50-52;
+    increase of his importance through struggle with northmen, 131;
+    his household officers become officers of state, 132;
+    relations with England after loss of Normandy, 326;
+    his revenue, ii. 103;
+    relations with Parliament, 181-183;
+    position at opening of Wars of the Roses, iii. 85, 86;
+    the Convention's settlement of his position, vi. 197;
+    in Council, i. 256; ii. 110, 111.
+    _See_ Monarchy
+
+  King's Bench, court of, ii. 109
+
+  King's County, English settlement of, iv. 111
+
+  King's Court, the, i. 186;
+    its organization under Henry I., 206;
+    under Henry II., 255; ii. 110, 111;
+    regulated by Great Charter, i. 350;
+    divided into three tribunals, ii. 109
+
+  Kirk, the Scottish,
+    its organization, v. 131, 132;
+    relations with the people and the king, 132-136;
+    its triumph, 140;
+    new struggle with James, 164-166;
+    dealings of Charles I. and Laud with, 326, 328, 330, 331;
+    re-established, 335; vii. 54
+
+  Kirk o' Field, iv. 244
+
+  Knighthood,
+    compulsory, under Edward I., ii. 118, 164;
+    under Charles I., v. 277
+
+  Knights,
+    their complaint against the barons, ii. 62;
+    right of attendance at the Great Council, 145;
+    growth of their importance after the Barons' War, 147;
+    relations with the Crown, _ib._, 148;
+    of the shire, summoned to Parliament, 66, 71, 73, 150, 151;
+    result of their election in county court, 151, 152;
+    relations with the Lords, 202;
+    grouped together with the burgesses as "the Commons," 203;
+    petition for due election of, 300
+
+  Knolles's _History of the Turks_, v. 4
+
+  Knollys, Sir Francis, iv. 119, 215
+
+  Knox, John, iv. 113-115, 119, 128;
+    denounces Mary Tudor, 130;
+    resists Mary Stuart, 201, 212, 218;
+    breaks with Murray, 218;
+    defies Mary, 220;
+    calls for her death, 259;
+    his character and influence, v. 130, 131;
+    his Liturgy, 327;
+    his _History of the Reformation_, iv. 4
+
+  Knyghton, Henry, ii. 177, 179
+
+  Kolin, battle of, vii. 248
+
+  Kunersdorf, battle of, vii. 263
+
+
+  Labour-rents, i. 322, 323;
+    commutation of, 324;
+    attempts to revive, ii. 257, 266, 267
+
+  Labourdonnais besieges Madras, vii. 233
+
+  Labourers,
+    their position after the Black Death, ii. 255;
+    condition under Richard II., 314;
+    in fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, iii. 109-111;
+    under Elizabeth, iv. 275, 276
+
+  Lacy, Henry de, ii. 188
+
+  Lacy, Robert de, i. 201
+
+  Laet, the, i. 14, 15
+
+  Lafayette, Marquis de, viii. 83
+
+  Lagos, battle off, vii. 273
+
+  La Hire, iii. 49
+
+  La Hogue, battle of, vii. 78
+
+  Lake, Gerard, first viscount, viii. 130
+
+  Lambert, General,
+    his campaign against Hamilton, vi. 62;
+    pursuit of Charles II., 83;
+    resigns his command, 121;
+    relations with Monk, 150, 151;
+    escape and defeat, 152;
+    exempted from pardon, 195
+
+  Lambeth,
+    Harthacnut dies at, i. 148;
+    treaty of, ii. 3;
+    the archbishop's chapel at, its transformations, v. 90;
+    Laud's restoration of, 299, 300
+
+  Lancashire, reluctance of its boroughs to send members to Parliament,
+      ii. 155
+
+  Lancaster, Blanche of, ii. 287
+
+  Lancaster, Edmund, Earl of. _See_ Edmund
+
+  Lancaster, Henry, Earl of, ii. 199, 203, 206
+
+  Lancaster, Henry, first Duke of (_see_ Derby), ii. 258-260, 266
+
+  Lancaster, Henry of (King Henry IV.) _See_ Henry
+
+  Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of, ii. 188, 191, 193-195
+
+  Lancelot, legend of, i. 247
+
+  Land-tenure
+    in Old England, i. 14;
+    after Norman Conquest, 322-324;
+    Edward I.'s legislation concerning, ii. 124, 125
+
+  Land-tax, i. 186, 207, 350; ii. 103
+
+  "Landless man," the, i. 322, 323
+
+  _Lanercost, Chronicle of_, i. 273
+
+  Lanfranc, abbot of Bec, i. 159;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 187;
+    crowns William II., 191
+
+  Langdale, Sir Marmaduke, vi. 40
+
+  Langland, William, ii. 178, 179, 269-272
+
+  Langport, battle of, vi. 41
+
+  Langside, battle of, iv. 261
+
+  Langton, Simon, i. 355
+
+  Langton, Stephen, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 330;
+    comes to England, 338;
+    relations with John and the Charter, 340, 341;
+    suspended, 354;
+    goes to Rome, _ib._;
+    returns, ii. 3;
+    supports Hubert de Burgh, 5;
+    his care for the Charter, 6;
+    death, 26
+
+  Langton, Thomas, Bishop of Winchester, iii. 196
+
+  Language, English,
+    its literary revival in thirteenth century, i. 174;
+    effects of Norman Conquest on, 278;
+    Henry III.'s proclamation in, ii. 62;
+    first used in opening Parliament, 300, 356;
+    ordered to be used in law courts, 356; vii. 201;
+    supersedes French, ii. 356, 357;
+    changes in, in Caxton's time, iii. 159, 160;
+    replaces Latin in church service, iv. 49;
+    Welsh, ii. 50
+
+  Lansdowne, William Fitzmaurice, first marquis of (_see_ Shelburne)
+      viii. 115
+
+  Lansdowne Hill, battle of, vi. 6
+
+  Lathom House, siege of, vi. 19
+
+  Latimer, William Latimer, fourth Lord, ii. 304, 306
+
+  Latimer, George Neville, first Lord, iii. 114
+
+  Latimer, John Neville, third Lord, iii. 323
+
+  Latimer, Hugh, iii. 262-265;
+    Bishop of Worcester, 336;
+    imprisoned, 347;
+    forced to resign, _ib._;
+    denounces Warwick's government, iv. 57;
+    sent to the Tower, 74;
+    burnt, 92
+
+  Latimer, William, iii. 201
+
+  Latitudinarians, the, vi. 133-137, 168
+
+  Laud, William, Bishop of St. David's, v. 293;
+    his views and character, 245, 292-294;
+    Bishop of London, 266;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 295;
+    dealings with the Puritans, 295-297;
+    revives the Bishops' Courts, 298;
+    restores Lambeth Chapel, 299, 300;
+    revives ritual, 300;
+    dealings with Prynne, 306, 329;
+    relations with Wentworth, 318;
+    dealings with Scotland, 325-327;
+    arrested, 351
+
+  Lauderdale, John Maitland, second Earl and first Duke of, vi. 181,
+      245, 259
+
+  Lauffeld, battle of, vii. 231
+
+  Lauzun, Count of, vii. 71, 72
+
+  Law,
+    common, ii. 110, 113;
+    ecclesiastical, new code of, iv. 60;
+    English, Glanvill's treatise on, i. 174, 244;
+    of the Forest, ii. 34;
+    Roman, revived study of, i. 282;
+    in England, 283;
+    influence of its imperial theories, ii. 95, 96
+
+  "Lawmen" of the Five Boroughs, i. 118
+
+  Laws,
+    Old English, two classes of, i. 5;
+    first put in writing, 59;
+    of AEthelred, i. 138;
+    of David of Scotland, ii. 171;
+    of Eadgar, i. 144;
+    of Eadward the Confessor, 150, 199, 340;
+    of Henry I., 339;
+    of Howel Dda, ii. 46
+
+  Layamon, i. 174, 279
+
+  League
+    of Cambray, iii. 206;
+    the Catholic, in Germany, v. 177, 232;
+    the Holy, iii. 209, 210, 266;
+    in France, iv. 348, 355, 356;
+    of Neutrals, viii. 162-164;
+    of Schmalkald, iii. 336; iv. 36, 50;
+    of the Public Weal, iii. 122, 125, 126
+
+  Learning,
+    the New, iii. 194-198, 201, 202;
+    its protest against war, 210;
+    attitude after Wolsey's fall, 289, 291
+
+  Leicester,
+    one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;
+    surrenders to AEthelflaed, 118;
+    condition under its earls, 297;
+    regains right of compurgation, 313-315;
+    stormed by Charles I., vi. 38
+
+  Leicester, Robert de Beaumont, Earl of, i. 254
+
+  Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of (_see_ Dudley), iv. 205, 349, 357;
+      v. 58, 63
+
+  Leighton, John, v. 305
+
+  Leinster, kingdom of, i. 251, 252
+
+  Leipzig, battle of, viii. 202
+
+  Leith
+    sacked by the English, iv. 29;
+    siege of, 175, 176
+
+  Leland, John, v. 4
+
+  Lennox, Esme Stuart, Duke of, iv. 346; v. 123
+
+  Lennox, Matthew Stuart, Earl of, iv. 227, 244; v. 123
+
+  Lennox, Margaret, Countess of, iv. 220, 221
+
+  Leo X., Pope, iii. 249, 253, 254
+
+  Leofa, slayer of Eadmund the Magnificent, i. 123
+
+  Leofric, Earl of Mercia, i. 150, 152
+
+  Leopold II., Emperor, viii. 95, 96
+
+  Leopold V., Duke of Austria, i. 261
+
+  Lepanto, battle of, iv. 297
+
+  Leslie, Alexander, v. 335, 337.
+    _See_ Leven
+
+  Leslie, David, vi. 79, 80, 83, 84
+
+  "Lesser barons." _See_ Knights
+
+  Levant Company, v. 161
+
+  Leven, Alexander Leslie, first Earl of (_see_ Leslie), vi. 18
+
+  Lever, Thomas, iv. 119, 128, 132
+
+  Lewes,
+    battle of, ii. 70, 71;
+    Mise of, 71;
+    Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96
+
+  Lewis of Bavaria, Emperor, ii. 217-219, 221, 229, 235, 248
+
+  Lewis d'Outremer, king of France, i. 210
+
+  Lewis VII., king of France, i. 233, 254
+
+  Lewis (VIII.) of France,
+    the English crown offered to, i. 355;
+    successes in England, _ib._;
+    defeated, ii. 2;
+    withdraws, 3
+
+  Lewis IX., king of France, ii. 35, 40, 68, 90
+
+  Lewis XI., king of France, iii. 119;
+    relations with Edward IV., 120, 121;
+      with Burgundy, _ib._;
+      with Margaret of Anjou, 121;
+    negotiations with Warwick, 122, 123;
+    struggle with League of the Public Weal, 126, 127;
+    again seeks treaty with Edward, 128;
+    Edward's negotiations with, 129;
+    league against, 130;
+    attacks Britanny, 132;
+    captured and released by Charles, _ib._;
+    stirs Warwick against Edward, 136;
+    reconciles Warwick and Margaret, 137;
+    alliance with Henry VI., 139;
+    treaty with Edward, 150;
+    seized Picardy, Artois, etc., _ib._;
+    war with Maximilian, 151;
+    treaty with him, 170;
+    refuses to recognize Richard III., 169;
+    death, _ib._
+
+  Lewis XII., king of France (_see_ Orleans), iii. 206, 232
+
+  Lewis XIII., king of France, v. 256
+
+  Lewis XIV., king of France, vi. 188-189;
+    his policy, 190, 191;
+    alliance with Charles II., 192;
+    relations with England and Holland, 227;
+    sends his fleet to join the Dutch, 239;
+    attacks Flanders, 247;
+    his offers to Spain, 249;
+    treaty with her, 250;
+    policy towards Holland, 251;
+    treaties with Charles, 257, 258;
+    attacks Holland, 268;
+    position after Peace of Nimeguen, 291, 316;
+    persecutes the Huguenots, 317, 335;
+    new agreement with Charles, 323;
+    seizes Strassburg, Casale, and Luxemburg, 335;
+    relations with James II., vii. 12;
+    revokes the Edict of Nantes, 13;
+    relations with James and Holland, 36, 38;
+    attacks Germany, 38, 48;
+    receives James II. at St. Germain, 49;
+    war declared against, by England and Holland, _ib._;
+    his fleet, 68;
+    sends troops to Ireland, 71;
+    his successes, 75, 76;
+    turn of his fortune, 79, 80;
+    treaty with William, 90, 91;
+    seizes the Dutch Barrier, 102;
+    acknowledges James's son as king of England, 106;
+    attacks Germany again, 118, 119;
+    his losses, 131, 134;
+    offers terms, 134, 135;
+    death, 183, 185
+
+  Lewis XV., king of France, vii. 185, 225
+
+  Lewis XVI., king of France, viii. 28;
+    summons the States-General, 83;
+    a Constitution forced on, 86;
+    attempts flight, 95;
+    imprisoned, 101;
+    executed, 103
+
+  Lewis XVIII., king of France, viii. 206, 211
+
+  Lexington, skirmish at, viii. 22
+
+  Leyva, Alonzo da, iv. 363
+
+  _Liber Albus_ of London, i. 274
+
+  _Liber de Antiquis Legibus_, i. 274
+
+  _Liber Custumarum_ of London, i. 274
+
+  Lichfield, diocese of, i. 83
+
+  Liege taken by Marlborough, vii. 117
+
+  Liegnitz, battle of, vii. 302
+
+  Ligny, battle of, viii. 207
+
+  Lilburne, John, vi. 28, 75, 78
+
+  Lille reduced by Marlborough, vii. 134
+
+  _Lillibullero_, vii. 33
+
+  Lilly, William, iii. 200
+
+  Limerick, siege of, vii. 72, 73
+
+  Limitation Bill, vi. 323
+
+  Limoges
+    welcomes Du Guesclin, ii. 285;
+    stormed by the Black Prince, 286
+
+  Limousin restored to Edward III., ii. 266
+
+  Linacre, Thomas, iii. 190, 197, 256
+
+  Lincoln,
+    one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;
+    battles of, 219; ii. 2;
+    relieved by John, i. 356;
+    Jews at, ii. 126, 127
+
+  Lincolnshire
+    surrendered to Ecgfrith by Wulfhere, i. 86;
+    rising in, iii. 323
+
+  Lindesay of the Byres, Patrick, sixth Lord, iv. 225, 228, 230
+
+  Lindisfarne, i. 69, 79, 87, 97
+
+  Lindiswaras, i. 73, 117
+
+  Linen manufacture, Irish, its foundation, v. 291
+
+  Lisbon, Drake's and Norris's expedition to, iv. 367, 368
+
+  Lisle, Alice, vii. 11, 66
+
+  Lisle, John Dudley, Lord, iv. 41, 46.
+    _See_ Warwick
+
+  Litany, the English, iv. 40
+
+  Literature, English,
+    its beginnings, i. 77, 93, 96;
+    decay during struggle with Danes, 113;
+    AElfred's influence on, 114, 115;
+    after Norman Conquest, 242, 243, 246, 278;
+    under Henry II., 174, 244-249;
+    under John, 278, 279;
+    popular, during Peasant Revolt, ii. 318, 319;
+    Wyclif's influence on, 338;
+    revival in fourteenth century, 357, 358;
+    effects of the Renascence on, v. 1-3;
+    developement under Elizabeth, 3-11;
+    after the Revolution, 154;
+    in poetry, 156, 157;
+    in prose, 157-161, 292, 293;
+    beginning of a new developement with Dryden, 333;
+    Welsh, ii. 49-54.
+    _See_ Drama
+
+  Lithsmen of London, i. 300
+
+  Liturgy,
+    the English, iv. 49;
+    Knox's, v. 327;
+    the Scottish (Laud's), of 1636, _ib._;
+    rejected, 328.
+    _See_ Prayer-Book
+
+  Liverpool, its rise, vii. 196
+
+  Liverpool, Robert Banks Jenkinson, second Earl of, viii. 196.
+    _See_ Hawkesbury
+
+  "Livery," ii. 311, 355; iii. 105
+
+  Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, prince of North Wales, ii. 58;
+    alliance with Montfort, 67, 76;
+    raid upon Chester, 85;
+    defeats Mortimer at Brecknock, 88;
+    submits, 89;
+    refuses homage to Edward I., 108;
+    submission and marriage, 109;
+    last revolt and death, 119, 120
+
+  Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, prince of North Wales, ii. 5, 54-58, 108
+
+  Llywarch Hen, ii. 49, 53
+
+  Loans, forced,
+    under Richard II., ii. 372;
+    demanded by Wolsey, iii. 244;
+      by Charles I., 254, 255
+
+  _Loch Ce, Annals of_, i. 7
+
+  Lochleven, Mary Stuart imprisoned at, iv. 257, 258
+
+  Locke, John, vi. 170, 171, 259
+
+  Logic, study of, at Oxford, i. 288
+
+  Lollardry, ii. 339;
+    suppressed at Oxford, 341;
+    its later phases, 344-348;
+    influence in Bohemia, 349;
+    attitude under Henry IV., iii. 19, 21;
+    sympathy of the Commons with, 21;
+    rising under Oldcastle, 27;
+    suppression of, 27, 28;
+    its lingering existence, 96, 258;
+    legal prohibitions of, rescinded, iv. 48;
+    its influence in Scotland, 111
+
+  Lodi, battle of, viii. 122
+
+  London,
+    Middle-Saxons settle round, i. 54;
+      subject to the East-Saxons, 59;
+        to Mercia, 85;
+    beginnings of its commercial greatness, 138;
+    resists Swein, 142;
+      submits to him, 143;
+        to the Conqueror, 165;
+    its election of Stephen, 215;
+    expels Matilda, 219;
+    its share in religious revival, 222, 223;
+    Normans in, 303;
+    Henry I.'s charter to, 304;
+    relations with Oxford, 308, 309;
+    strife of classes in, 318-320;
+    meeting of barons at, 340;
+    joins the barons against John, 346;
+    its liberties secured by Great Charter, 352;
+    barons blockaded by John in, 355;
+    defies the Pope, _ib._; ii. 8;
+    Franciscans settle in, 12;
+    Archbishop Boniface driven from, 32;
+    supports Earl Simon, 67, 69, 70;
+    its charter annulled, 82;
+    its mayor imprisoned, 83;
+    occupied by Gilbert of Gloucester, 89;
+    supports Wyclif, 309, 310;
+    threatened by revolted peasants, 321, 322;
+    its Lollardry, 345;
+    welcomes Henry of Lancaster, 379;
+    Richard II. brought captive to, 381;
+    betrayed to Edward IV. by Archbishop Neville, iii. 142;
+    its petition to Richard III., 168;
+    evades Wolsey's demand for a benevolence, 251;
+    Protestants in, 347;
+    Walloons in, iv. 51;
+    unfavourable to Jane Grey's succession, 71;
+    its Protestant sympathies, _ib._, 75;
+    attitude in Wyatt's rising, 83-85;
+    Protestant martyrs in, 96, 144;
+    supplies sent from, to refugees abroad, 119;
+    its commerce under Elizabeth, 280;
+    Flemish settlers in, 281;
+    traders of, send help to the Prince of Orange, 324;
+    its contribution for defence against the Armada, 358;
+    its advance under Elizabeth, v. 77;
+    its increase checked, 198, 199, 277;
+    its welcome to Prince Charles, 233;
+    colonizes Derry, 289;
+    sides with the Parliament against Charles I., 372, 375, 376;
+    fortified by the Parliament, vi. 4;
+    train-bands of, at battle of Newbury, 14;
+    Independents and Baptists in, 28;
+    petitions against toleration, 37;
+    rises against the Parliament, 56;
+    Plague at, 226;
+    Fire at, 239;
+    supports the Exclusion Bill, 308;
+    riots in, 322, 323;
+    supports Shaftesbury, 334;
+    turns against him, 335, 336;
+    Huguenot refugees in, vii. 14;
+    Methodists in, 208;
+    supports Pitt, 256, 305;
+    supports Wilkes, 319; viii. 6, 8, 12;
+    petitions to George III., 16, 20;
+    supports the younger Pitt, 69;
+    riot in, 113;
+    "barons" of, i. 319;
+    "boatmen" of, 308;
+    St. Paul's Cathedral in, 223;
+    Dooms of, 300;
+    Gilds of, 299;
+    "lithsmen" of, 300;
+    merchants of, _ib._;
+    Merchant Adventurers of, iv. 283, 284;
+    materials for its municipal history, i. 274;
+    portreeves of, i. 303;
+    first theatres in, v. 22, 23;
+    Tower of, i. 166;
+    weavers of, 317, 318;
+    Witenagemots at, i. 152, 153
+
+  Londonderry
+    colonized, v. 289;
+    siege of, vii. 57, 58
+
+  Longchamp, William, Bishop of Ely and justiciar, i. 260, 261, 264
+
+  "Lord" and "man,"
+    their mutual relations, i. 133;
+    and villeins, i. 323-325
+
+  Lords, House of,
+    origin of its judicial character, i. 256;
+    its composition under the Houses of Lancaster and York, iii. 94, 99;
+    under Henry VIII., iv. 13, 14;
+    rejects proposals of the Commons to confiscate Church property, iii.
+        15, 22;
+    its dealings with the Duke of York's claim to the Crown, 77;
+    assents to bills for Church reform, 291;
+    its address to the Pope, 297;
+    increase in its numbers under the Stuarts, v. 199, 200;
+    relations with Crown and Commons in 1641, 360;
+    charges Cromwell with treason, vi. 63;
+    rejects the ordinance for the trial of Charles I., 66, 67;
+    abolished, 67, 69;
+    Cromwell's substitute for, 144;
+    the Bishops restored to, 204;
+    rejects the Exclusion Bill, 320;
+    proposal to limit its numbers, vii. 190, 191;
+    its dealings with Wilkes, 318;
+    rejects Chatham's bill for repeal of the Stamp Acts, viii. 19, 20;
+    refuses Catholic emancipation, 196
+
+  Lorne, Archibald Campbell, Lord, v. 326.
+    _See_ Argyle
+
+  Lorraine annexed by France, vii. 215
+
+  Lorraine, the Cardinal of, iv. 267
+
+  Lothian ceded to Malcolm I., i. 147
+
+  Loughborough, Alexander Wedderburn, first Lord, viii. 154
+
+  Louisburg, capture of, vii. 266
+
+  Louisiana,
+    French settlement in, vii. 242;
+    ceded to England, 307
+
+  Louviers captured by Henry V., iii. 33
+
+  Lovat, Simon Fraser, thirteenth Lord, vii. 230
+
+  Lovelace, John, third Lord, vii. 42
+
+  Lowestoft, battle of, vi. 225
+
+  Lowlands, alleged grant of, by Cnut to the Scots, ii. 132
+
+  Lucy, Geoffrey de, i. 345
+
+  Lucy, Richard de, i. 343, 344
+
+  Luddite riots, viii. 194
+
+  Ludlow, General, vi. 109;
+    his _Memoirs_, v. 72
+
+  Lumley, John, Lord, iv. 267, 268
+
+  Lumley, Richard, second Viscount, vii. 35, 37
+
+  Luneville, Peace of, viii. 143
+
+  Luther, Martin, iii. 253-257
+
+  Lutherans
+    in England, iii. 262;
+    their progress on the Continent, 275;
+    importation of their books forbidden, 304;
+    Henry VIII.'s alliance with, 336;
+    growth in Germany, iv. 31;
+    refuse to send representatives to Trent, 35, 36;
+    reject Henry VIII.'s advances, 36;
+    defeated at Muhlberg, 50;
+    take refuge in England, 51;
+    again invited to Trent, 193;
+    position after Peace of Passau, v. 176
+
+  Lutterworth, Wyclif at, ii. 343, 344
+
+  Luttrell, Colonel, viii. 8
+
+  Luttrell's _Diary_, vi. 158
+
+  Lutzen, battle of, viii. 201
+
+  Luxemburg
+    seized by Lewis XIV., vi. 335;
+    restored to Spain, vii. 91
+
+  Luxemburg, Francis Henry de Montmorency, Duke of, vii. 75, 79, 80
+
+  Luxemburg, Jacquetta of, iii. 124
+
+  Lydgate, John, iii. 17, 40;
+    Caxton's edition of, 157
+
+  Lyly, John, v. 5
+
+  Lymne, its fall, i. 33
+
+  Lynn,
+    King John at, i. 356;
+    its charter annulled, ii. 79
+
+  Lyons, Richard, ii. 304, 306, 323
+
+  Lyttelton, Lord Keeper, v. 378
+
+  Lyttelton, George, first Lord, vii. 249
+
+
+  _Mabinogion_, i. 7; ii. 50, 51
+
+  Macclesfield, Fitton Gerard, third Earl of, vii. 37
+
+  Machyn's _Diary_, iv. 3
+
+  Mackay, General, vii. 52
+
+  Madison, James, President of the United States, viii. 198
+
+  Madras,
+    its origin, vii. 232;
+    razed by Labourdonnais, 233
+
+  Magdalen of Valois, queen of Scots, iv. 23
+
+  Magdeburg, siege of, iv. 64
+
+  Magesaetas, i. 66
+
+  Magna Carta. _See_ Charter, the Great
+
+  Mahrattas, vii. 234, 235; viii. 31
+
+  Maidstone, Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96
+
+  Maine
+    conquered by counts of Anjou, i. 212;
+    by William of Normandy, 158, 213;
+    by Philip Augustus, 269;
+    ceded to France, ii. 63
+
+  "Maintenance," ii. 311; iii. 105
+
+  Mainwaring, Dr. Roger, v. 254, 267
+
+  Major-Generals, Cromwell's, vi. 107, 118, 119
+
+  Malcolm I., king of Scots, i. 123
+
+  Malcolm II., king of Scots, i. 146
+
+  Malcolm III., king of Scots, i. 170, 197
+
+  Maldon, battle of, i. 139
+
+  Malet, Robert, i. 201
+
+  Malet, William, i. 343
+
+  "Malignants," vi. 47, 83, 99, 194, 201
+
+  Malmesbury, James Harris, first Lord, viii. 121, 123
+
+  Malmesbury, William of, i. 4, 6, 173, 243, 244
+
+  Malplaquet, battle of, vii. 136
+
+  Malta
+    conquered by Buonaparte, viii. 132;
+    blockaded by a British fleet, viii. 162;
+    surrenders, 165
+
+  "Maltote," ii. 166
+
+  Man, Isle of, conquered by Eadwine, i. 63
+
+  Manchester seized by Eadward the Elder, i. 119;
+    its rise, vii. 196
+
+  Manchester, Edward Montagu, second Earl of (_see_ Mandeville),
+    head of the Association of the Eastern Counties, vi. 8, 13, 18;
+    quarrels with Cromwell, 24, 34;
+    retires, 35
+
+  Mandeville, Geoffrey de, Earl of Essex, i. 343
+
+  Mandeville, Edward Montagu, Viscount, v. 354, 358.
+    _See_ Manchester
+
+  Manor, the, i. 322-323
+
+  Mans, Le,
+    seized by Geoffrey Martel, i. 212;
+    rebels against William Rufus, 197;
+    Henry II. besieged in, 258;
+    surrendered to Charles VII., iii. 62
+
+  Mansel, John, ii. 8
+
+  Mansfield, Count, v. 239
+
+  Mansfield, William Murray, first Earl of, vii. 259
+
+  Mansion, Colard, iii. 155
+
+  Mantes, William the Conqueror wounded at, i. 190
+
+  Manton, Thomas, vi. 252
+
+  Mantua,
+    siege of, viii. 123;
+    surrenders to Buonaparte, 125
+
+  Manufactures,
+    growth of, under Elizabeth, iv. 278-280;
+    in Yorkshire, their rise, v. 281;
+    English, in eighteenth century, viii. 53, 54, 59, 60;
+    altered conditions of, 193, 194;
+    of linen, in Ireland, v. 291;
+    of silk, at Spitalfields, vii. 14
+
+  Manumissions, sale of, to the king's serfs, i. 325
+
+  Map, Walter, i. 174, 247-249
+
+  Mar, John Erskine, sixth Earl of, vii. 145, 183
+
+  March, Edward, Earl of. _See_ Edward IV.
+
+  March, Roger Mortimer, first Earl of. _See_ Mortimer
+
+  March, Roger Mortimer, fourth Earl of, ii. 378
+
+  March, Edmund Mortimer, fifth Earl of, iii. 2, 13, 14, 28, 30
+
+  Marchers, the Lords, ii. 67, 75, 80-82, 85
+
+  Mardyke, capture of, by the French, vi. 124
+
+  Mare, Sir Peter de la, ii. 306, 307, 311
+
+  Marengo, battle of, viii. 142
+
+  Maria Theresa of Austria, vii. 199;
+    queen of Hungary, 220;
+    her struggle with Frederick the Great, 221, 223, 225, 246
+
+  Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VI., iii. 61;
+    her policy, 72, 74;
+    flies to Scotland, 75;
+    victory at St. Albans, 79;
+    defeated at Towton, 80;
+    appeals to Lewis XI., 121;
+    defeated at Hexham, 123;
+    reconciled with Warwick, 137;
+    lands at Weymouth, 143;
+    captured at Tewkesbury, 145
+
+  Margaret, wife of Malcolm III., king of Scots, i. 170
+
+  Margaret, daughter of Henry VII., wife of James IV. of Scotland, iii.
+      185;
+    her second marriage, 231;
+    strife with Albany, 232, 235, 247, 248;
+      with her husband, iv. 22
+
+  Margaret, the "Maid of Norway," ii. 135
+
+  Margaret of York,
+    schemes for her marriage, iii. 128-130;
+    marries Charles the Bold, 131;
+    patroness of Caxton, 155;
+    supports Lambert Simnel, 176;
+    supports Perkin Warbeck, 180
+
+  Margaret Beaufort. _See_ Beaufort
+
+  Marignano, battle of, iii. 233
+
+  Marisco. _See_ Marsh
+
+  Marlborough, Parliament at, ii. 89
+
+  Marlborough, John Churchill, Earl of (_see_ Churchill), vii. 50, 110;
+    campaign in Ireland, 72, 73;
+    plans of treason, 77;
+    relations with William III. and Anne, 111, 112;
+    Captain-General, 112;
+    relations with the allies, 113, 114;
+    his temper, 115, 116;
+    his military genius, 117;
+    campaign in 1702, _ib._;
+    difficulties with the Dutch, 118;
+      Duke, _ib._;
+    campaign of 1704, 119-122;
+    supports Occasional Conformity, 123;
+    relations with the Tories, _ib._, 124;
+      with the Whigs, 125;
+    troubles with the Allies, 125;
+    campaign of 1706, 126, 127;
+    difficulties at home, 131-133;
+    campaign of 1708, 134;
+      of 1709, 136;
+    attacked by the Tories, 138, 140;
+    his fall, 141;
+    imbecility, 182
+
+  Marlborough, Sarah Jennings, Duchess of, vii. 110, 111, 133, 136, 138
+
+  Marlowe, Christopher, v. 26, 27, 29, 31, 35
+
+  Marmont, General, viii. 199
+
+  "Marprelate, Martin," iv. 5, 342, 343
+
+  Marseilles besieged by Charles V., iii. 248, 249
+
+  Marsh, Adam, i. 274; ii. 14, 40, 41
+
+  Marshal, William, first Earl of Pembroke,
+    opposes John, i. 328, 329;
+    character and position, 345;
+    counsels John to accept the Charter, 347;
+    his fidelity to John, ii. 1;
+    "governor of king and kingdom," 2;
+    death, 3
+
+  Marshal, William, second Earl of Pembroke, i. 343; ii. 36
+
+  Marshal, Richard, third Earl of Pembroke, ii. 33, 34
+
+  Marshall, Stephen, v. 354
+
+  Marston, John, v. 42
+
+  Marston Moor, battle of, vi. 19
+
+  Martinengo, Papal nuncio, iv. 193
+
+  Martinico conquered by England, vii. 307;
+    restored to France, _ib._
+
+  Marvell, Andrew, vi. 329
+
+  Mary, daughter of Henry VIII.,
+    betrothed to the Dauphin, iii. 235;
+    to Charles V., 242, 250;
+    refuses to conform to Protestantism, iv. 58;
+    proclaimed queen, 71;
+    enters London, 74;
+    person and character, _ib._;
+    her aim, 75, 76;
+    schemes for her marriage, 78-80;
+    relations with Parliament, 81, 85;
+    revolt against her, 82-84;
+    marriage, 86;
+    persecutions, 91, 95, 96, 144;
+    disappointment, 98;
+    relations with Paul IV., 102, 103, 106;
+    refounds abbeys, 106;
+    war with Franco, 108;
+    dealings with Ireland, 109, 111;
+    effect of her persecutions, 118;
+    Protestant denunciations of, 130, 131;
+    death, 145
+
+  Mary, daughter of James, Duke of York, vi. 282;
+    plan for her marriage, 283;
+    married, 290;
+    refuses to reign alone, vii. 46;
+    declared queen, 47;
+    death, 88
+
+  Mary Stuart
+    born, iv. 25;
+    proposal for her marriage with Edward VI., 26, 28;
+    crowned, 28;
+    marries the Dauphin, 53, 169;
+    her claims to the English crown, 79, 153;
+    treaties with Elizabeth and the Lords, 176;
+    returns to Scotland, 196, 201;
+    person and character, 196-198;
+    policy, 199-201, 208, 211, 212;
+    relations with Elizabeth, 205;
+    scheme of marriage with Leicester, _ib._;
+      with Don Carlos, 206, 213, 221;
+    relations with Knox and the Calvinists, 218;
+    turns to the Lennoxes, 222;
+    proposes to marry Darnley, 223;
+    expels Murray, 225;
+    demands to be recognized as Elizabeth's successor, 226;
+    her plans for Scotland and England, _ib._;
+    quarrel with Darnley, 227;
+    captured, 229;
+    escapes to Dunbar, _ib._;
+    returns, 230;
+    birth of her son, 231;
+    relations with Darnley and Bothwell, 242, 243;
+    sanctions the establishment of Protestantism, 245;
+    marries Bothwell, _ib._;
+    captured by the Lords, 246;
+    prisoner at Lochleven, 257, 258;
+    forced to resign, 259;
+    escapes, 260;
+    defeated at Langside, 261;
+    flies to Carlisle, _ib._;
+    refuses to clear herself, 262;
+    plans for her marriage with Arran, 263;
+      for her marriage with Norfolk, _ib._, 265;
+    plots with Norfolk, 265, 271, 272;
+    given in charge to Lord Huntingdon, 268;
+    imprisoned at Coventry, 269;
+    scheme of marriage with Don John, 310;
+    joins Babington's plot, 351;
+    trial and death, 352;
+    bequeaths her claims to Philip, 353;
+    materials for her history, 4
+
+  Mary of Guise, queen of Scotland, iv. 23, 25, 28;
+    Regent, 112;
+    relations with the Protestants, 118, 168;
+    with France, 170;
+    death, 176
+
+  Mary of Modena, wife of James II., vi. 278; vii. 29, 34
+
+  Mary, daughter of Henry VII., iii. 232; iv. 46
+
+  Maserfeld, battle of the, i. 71
+
+  Masham, Mrs., vii. 132
+
+  Massachusetts,
+    first settlement in, v. 310;
+    first charter granted to, 311;
+    protests against English taxation, vii. 326;
+    proposes a congress, 330;
+    its assembly dissolved, viii. 14;
+    resists the tea-duty, 15;
+    its charter altered, 18;
+    takes up arms against England, 19;
+    repudiates English government, 23;
+    refuses to join in war against England, 203, 204
+
+  Massena, General, viii. 140, 189-191
+
+  Massey, Dean of Christ Church, Oxford, vii. 25
+
+  Massinger, Philip, v. 303
+
+  Matilda of Flanders, wife of William the Conqueror, i. 159
+
+  Matilda or Maud (Edith), wife of Henry I., i. 198-200, 246
+
+  Matilda or Maud, daughter of Henry I., i. 208, 213, 219, 220
+
+  Matthias, Emperor, v. 177, 213, 217
+
+  Maud. _See_ Matilda
+
+  Maunay, Sir Walter, ii. 234, 246, 253
+
+  Maurice, Bishop of London, i. 223
+
+  Maurice, Prince, vi. 13, 19, 22
+
+  Maximilian I. of Austria, iii. 147;
+    marries Mary of Burgundy, 151;
+    war with Lewis XI., _ib._;
+    treaty with him, 170;
+    supports Perkin Warbeck, 180;
+    relations with France, 232-234;
+    death, 239;
+    policy towards Luther, iv. 18
+
+  May's _History of the Long Parliament_, v. 72
+
+  Mayenne, Charles of Lorraine, Duke of, iv. 367, 372
+
+  _Mayflower_, the, v. 309
+
+  Mayne, Cuthbert, iv. 309
+
+  Maynooth stormed, iii. 328, 329
+
+  Mayor of a town,
+    successor of portreeve, i. 303;
+    right of electing, 315;
+    of Oxford, 310
+
+  Mazarin, Cardinal, vi. 114, 117, 190
+
+  Measures, uniformity of, enacted by Great Charter, i. 352
+
+  Meaux taken by Henry V., iii. 36
+
+  Medina Sidonia, Duke of, iv. 360, 362
+
+  Medway, the Dutch in the, vi. 242
+
+  Melfort, John Drummond, first Earl of, vii. 17
+
+  Melrose,
+    Cuthbert at, i. 75;
+    _Chronicle_ of, 273;
+    English raid on, iv. 29
+
+  Melville, Andrew, v. 133, 136, 138, 164, 165
+
+  Menou, General, viii. 164, 166
+
+  Meonwaras, i. 85
+
+  Merchade, i. 265
+
+  Merchant Adventurers,
+    English, in Flanders, iii. 155;
+    of London, iv. 283, 284
+
+  Merchant Associations, iv. 233, 283
+
+  Merchant-gild, the, i. 297, 300;
+    struggle with craft-gilds, 316-318;
+    of London, 319
+
+  Mercia
+    under Penda, i. 66, 70-73;
+    submits to Oswiu, 73;
+    becomes Christian, _ib._;
+    its revival under Wulfhere, 78, 85;
+    struggle with Wessex, 90-91;
+    greatness under Offa, 97, 98;
+    struggle with Wales, ii. 46;
+    civil strife in, i. 101;
+    conquered by Ecgberht, 102;
+    attacked by northmen, 104;
+      conquered by them, 105;
+    English, under ealdorman AEthelred, 117;
+    annexed to Wessex, 118;
+    revolts against Eadwig, 137;
+    submits to Cnut, 143;
+    earldom of, 146
+
+  Mercians, their settlement, i. 37
+
+  Meres, Francis, v. 32, 41, 42
+
+  Merlin,
+    legend of, i. 247;
+    prophecies of, ii. 57, 119
+
+  Merton, school of, i. 225
+
+  Methodists, vii. 204-207, 210, 211;
+    their influence, viii. 46
+
+  Meulan captured by John of Bedford, iii. 39
+
+  Meulan, Robert, count of, i. 201
+
+  Mexico conquered by Cortes, iv. 329
+
+  Michiel, Giovanni, iv. 3
+
+  Middle English
+    settle round Leicester, i. 37;
+    become Christian, 72
+
+  Middle Saxons, i. 54
+
+  Middlesex elects Wilkes, viii. 5, 7
+
+  Middleton, Thomas, v. 42
+
+  Milan Decree, Napoleon's, viii. 181
+
+  Mile-end, meeting of Richard II. and the Kentishmen at, ii. 322
+
+  Milford Haven, Richard II. lands at, ii. 380
+
+  Millenary Petition, v. 151
+
+  Milton, John,
+    his early life, v. 98-101;
+    life at Horton, 302, 303;
+    early poems, 304;
+    _Comus_, 305, 306;
+    _Lycidas_, 332;
+    views on Church reform, 355;
+    change in his ecclesiastical views, vi. 32;
+    his sonnet on the Vaudois, 123;
+    his _Defence of the English People_, 231;
+    his later life, 232, 233;
+    _Paradise Lost_, 234-237;
+    _Areopagitica_, 305
+
+  Minden, battle of, vii. 264
+
+  Mines in England, i. 30; ii. 107; viii. 57
+
+  Minorca
+    ceded to England, vii. 142;
+    lost, 248;
+    restored, 307;
+    ceded to Spain, viii. 41
+
+  Mirebeau, Arthur of Britanny captured at, i. 268
+
+  Mise
+    of Amiens, ii. 68;
+    of Lewes, 71
+
+  Model, New. _See_ Army
+
+  _Modus Tenendi Parliamentum_, i. 275
+
+  Mogul Empire, the, vii. 234
+
+  Monaco, soldiers of, at Crecy, ii. 236
+
+  Monarchy,
+    growth of its strength, iii. 88, 89;
+    new policy, 89;
+    causes of its power, 111;
+    its position at Thomas Cromwell's death, iv. 7;
+    changes in its system under Elizabeth, 232;
+    James I.'s theory of, v. 169-171;
+    change in its relations to the country, 183, 184;
+    abolished, vi. 68;
+    proposal to restore it, 119-121;
+    restored, 152;
+    character after the Restoration, 172, 173, 183, 184;
+    character since the Revolution, vii. 60;
+    its insignificance under the House of Hanover, vii. 172-175.
+    _See_ King
+
+  Monasteries, suppression of, iii. 310, 311, 346; iv. 13
+
+  Monasticism,
+    revival of, under Henry I. and Stephen, i. 222;
+    its condition in the sixteenth century, iii. 309-310
+
+  Monk, George,
+    subdues the Highlands, vi. 108;
+    commander in Scotland, 150;
+    gathers a Convention at Edinburgh, _ib._;
+    leads his army to London, 151;
+    restores Charles II., 152;
+    Duke of Albemarle, 193;
+    fight with De Ruyter, 238
+
+  Monmouth, James, Duke of, vi. 176, 309;
+    schemes for his succession, 309, 310;
+    comes to court, 312;
+    ordered to leave London, _ib._;
+    returns, 314;
+    his progresses, 316, 322;
+    arrested, 335;
+    flight, 337;
+    finds refuge at the Hague, vii. 8;
+    his attempt on England, 9;
+    defeat and death, 10
+
+  Monmouth, Humfrey, iii. 258
+
+  Monopolies,
+    sale of, by Edward III., ii. 291;
+    abolished by Elizabeth, v. 58;
+    revived by James I., 222;
+      by Charles I., 279
+
+  Mons
+    surprised by Lewis of Nassau, iv. 298;
+    captured by Lewis XIV., vii. 76
+
+  Montacute, Henry Pole, Lord, iii. 349, 350
+
+  Montagu, John Neville, first Lord, iii. 113;
+    victory at Hexham, 123;
+    relations with Edward IV., 137, 138;
+    joins Warwick and Clarence, 139;
+    joins Warwick again, 142;
+    slain, _ib._
+
+  Montagu, Ralph, vi. 299
+
+  Montague, Anthony Browne, first Viscount, iv. 267
+
+  Montague, Charles, vii. 85;
+    founds the Bank of England, 86;
+    Chancellor of the Exchequer, 88;
+    reforms the currency, 89;
+    dismissed, 98;
+    impeached, 105
+
+  Montague, Dr. Richard, v. 245, 246;
+    bishop of Chichester, 267, 298
+
+  Montcalm, Marquis of, vii. 244, 268, 269
+
+  Montcontour, battle of, iv. 268, 298
+
+  Monteagle, William Parker, fourth Lord, v. 159
+
+  Montereau, Duke John of Burgundy assassinated at, iii. 35
+
+  Montfort, Amaury of (brother of Earl Simon), ii. 35
+
+  Montfort, Amaury of (son of Earl Simon), ii. 83
+
+  Montfort, Eleanor of, ii. 109
+
+  Montfort, Henry of, ii. 81
+
+  Montfort, John of, Duke of Britanny, ii. 233
+
+  Montfort, Richard of, ii. 83
+
+  Montfort, Simon IV. of, earl of Leicester, ii. 35
+
+  Montfort, Simon V. of, ii. 35;
+    marriage, 36;
+    earl of Leicester, _ib._, 37;
+    relations with the barons, _ib._;
+    heads reforming party, 37, 38;
+    protests against papal exactions, 38;
+    Seneschal of Gascony, 38-40;
+    quarrel with Henry III., 40;
+    regency of France offered to, _ib._;
+    character, 40-42;
+    returns to England, 59;
+    swears to Provisions of Oxford, 63;
+    negotiations with France, _ib._;
+    breach with Gloucester, 64;
+    goes to France, 66;
+    returns, 67;
+    alliance with Llewelyn, _ib._;
+    heads the barons in arms, _ib._;
+    rejects the Mise of Amiens, 68, 69;
+    victory at Lewes, 70, 71;
+    his rule, 71;
+    summons the commons to Parliament, 73, 153;
+    quarrel with Gloucester, 75;
+    last campaign, 76, 77;
+    death, 78;
+    his corpse mutilated, 80;
+    his adherents disinherited, 82, 83;
+    miracles at his tomb, 83
+
+  Montfort, Simon, the younger,
+    taken prisoner, ii. 70;
+    defeated by Edward, 76;
+    advances to Alcester, 77;
+    falls back to Kenilworth, 80;
+    releases his prisoners, _ib._;
+    goes to Axholme, 84;
+    surrenders to Edward, 85;
+    flies over sea, 86
+
+  Montgomery, Roger of, ii. 47
+
+  Montreal taken by Amherst, vii. 269
+
+  Montreuil besieged by the English, iv. 30
+
+  Montrose, James Grahame, fifth earl and first marquis of, v. 337, 342;
+    relations with Charles I., 359, 364;
+    raises the Highlands for the king, vi. 23;
+    his victories, _ib._, 38, 41;
+    defeat at Philiphaugh, _ib._;
+    executed, 78
+
+  Moore, Sir John, viii. 186, 187
+
+  Moot, the, i. 17, 18
+
+  Morat, battle of, iii. 150
+
+  Moray, Thomas Randolph, Earl of, ii. 213.
+    _See_ Randolph
+
+  More, Hannah, vii. 170; viii. 47
+
+  More, Thomas,
+    his person and character, iii. 216, 217;
+    first appearance in Parliament, 218;
+    his home-life, _ib._, 219;
+    returns to court, 219;
+    his lectures on "The City of God," 197;
+    _Life of Edward the Fifth_, 83, 218;
+    _Utopia_, 189, 220-228;
+    Speaker of the Commons, 245;
+    his reply to Luther, 257;
+    Chancellor, 286, 289;
+    resigns, 299;
+    summoned to take the oath of succession, 317;
+    refuses, 318;
+    sent to the Tower, 319;
+    beheaded, 321;
+    his reverence for Parliament, iv. 9;
+    Roper's _Life of_, iii. 83
+
+  More, Thomas de la, ii. 177
+
+  Moreau, General, viii. 122, 142, 143
+
+  _Moriae Encomium_, iii. 219
+
+  Morice, Sir William, Secretary of State, vi. 194
+
+  Morkere, Earl of Northumbria, i. 160, 165, 167, 170
+
+  Mornington, Richard Wellesley, second Earl of, viii. 132.
+    _See_ Wellesley
+
+  Morrison, Robert, vi. 167
+
+  Mortemer, battle of, i. 158
+
+  Mortimer, Anne, iii. 56
+
+  Mortimer, Edmund, Earl of March. _See_ March
+
+  Mortimer, Sir Edmund, iii. 13
+
+  Mortimer, Roger,
+    supporter of Henry III., ii. 64, 72, 85;
+    defeated by Llewelyn, 88;
+    head of regency, 102
+
+  Mortimer, Roger, conspires against Edward II., ii. 198;
+    Earl of March, 206;
+    fall, 207
+
+  Mortimer's Cross, battle of, iii. 78
+
+  Morton, John, Bishop of Ely and Archbishop of Canterbury, iii. 167,
+      285;
+    his "fork," 177
+
+  Morton, James Douglas, fourth Earl of, iv. 114;
+    Chancellor of Scotland, 224;
+    aids Darnley against Mary, 228;
+    flies, 230;
+    recalled, 243;
+    joins Argyle against Mary, 245;
+    beheaded, 346
+
+  Morton, Dr. Nicholas, iv. 265, 268
+
+  Moscow, Napoleon's expedition to, viii. 200
+
+  Mount Badon, battle of, i. 34
+
+  Mountjoy, Charles Blount, eighth Lord, v. 62
+
+  Mountnorris, Francis Annesley, Lord, v. 290
+
+  Moveables, taxation of,
+    under Henry II., i. 257;
+    under Richard I., 350
+
+  Mowbray, Robert, Earl of Northumberland, i. 192
+
+  Mowbray, Roger, i. 254
+
+  Muhlberg, battle of, iv. 50
+
+  Munster,
+    the Fitz-Maurices in, ii. 377;
+    English conquest of, iii. 329;
+    revolt in, v. 62
+
+  Muenster, Bernard van Galen, Bishop of, vi. 227
+
+  Murimuth, Adam of, i. 274; ii. 177
+
+  Murray, James Stuart, first earl of (_see_ Stuart), iv. 199;
+    his policy, _ib._, 200, 201, 205;
+    opposes the Darnley marriage, 223;
+    plots with Elizabeth, 224;
+    rises against Mary, _ib._;
+    defeated, 225;
+    returns, 229;
+    pleads for Morton's recall, 243;
+    goes to France, 244;
+    Regent of Scotland, 259;
+    defeats Mary at Langside, 260, 261;
+    his charges against Mary, 262;
+    murdered, 271; v. 122
+
+  Murray, Sir Robert, vi. 166
+
+  Mysore, sultans of, viii. 131
+
+
+  Nalson's historical collections, v. 72
+
+  Namur
+    surrendered to Lewis XIV., vii. 79;
+    taken by the Allies, 88
+
+  Nanci, battle of, iii. 150
+
+  Nantes, Edict of, revoked, vii. 13
+
+  Nantwich, battle at, vi. 18
+
+  Naples
+    threatened by an English fleet, vii. 223;
+    attacked by Austria, 224
+
+  Napoleon, Emperor of the French (_see_ Buonaparte),
+    his scheme for invading England, viii. 170, 171;
+    victories at Ulm and Austerlitz, 173;
+      at Jena, 174;
+      at Eylau and Friedland, 175;
+    his Berlin Decree, 176;
+    Milan Decree, 181;
+    masters Spain, 185;
+      military successes there, 187;
+    victory at Wagram, 188;
+    seeks the alliance of America, 192;
+    marches on Russia, 198, 200;
+      retreats, 200, 201;
+    last victories, 201;
+    fall, 203;
+    at Elba, 205;
+    re-enters France, 206;
+    raises an army, 207;
+    victory at Ligny, _ib._;
+    defeat at Waterloo, 208-210;
+    exile to St. Helena, 211
+
+  Narbonne sacked by the Black Prince, ii. 260
+
+  Naseby, battle of, vi. 40
+
+  Nash, Thomas, v. 8
+
+  Nassau, Lewis, Count of, iv. 298
+
+  Navarete, battle of, ii. 284
+
+  Navarre, Anthony of Bourbon, king of, iv. 206
+
+  Navy. _See_ Fleet
+
+  Nectansmere, battle of, i. 89
+
+  Neerwinden, battles of, vii. 80; viii. 107
+
+  Nelson, Horatio, viii. 133, 172, 173
+
+  Nennius, i. 3
+
+  Netherlands,
+    their importance to Philip II., iv. 255;
+    rise against him, 256, 297, 298;
+    alliance with Elizabeth, 311;
+    English sympathy with, 323, 324;
+    choose the Duke of Anjou for their sovereign, 336-338;
+    Parma's successes in, 347;
+    prevent Parma joining the Armada, 359;
+    league with France and England, v. 60;
+    submit to Philip V. of Spain, vii. 101;
+    Marlborough's campaigns in, 117, 126, 127;
+    invaded by Lewis XV., vii. 225;
+    war in, 227, 231;
+    conquered by France, viii. 109
+
+  Neufmarche, Bernard of, ii. 47
+
+  Neuss besieged by Charles the Bold, iii. 147-149
+
+  Neville, Alexander, Archbishop of York, ii. 353
+
+  Neville, Anne, iii. 137, 140
+
+  Neville, Cecily, Duchess of York, iii. 73
+
+  Neville, George, Chancellor, iii. 113, 123;
+    Archbishop of York, 113;
+    deprived of the seals, 130;
+    betrays London to Edward, 142
+
+  Neville, Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland, ii. 379
+
+  Neville, house of, iii. 73, 112, 113
+
+  Neville's Cross, battle of, ii. 243
+
+  New Amsterdam, vi. 243
+
+  Newark,
+    king John dies at, i. 356;
+    siege of, vi. 19
+
+  Newburgh, William of, i. 174
+
+  Newbury, battles of, vi. 14, 23, 24
+
+  Newcastle-on-Tyne
+    founded, i. 189;
+    occupied by the Scots, v. 342;
+    besieged by the Scots, vi. 23;
+    Charles I. and the Scots at, 48;
+    Parliament at, ii. 160
+
+  Newcastle, William Cavendish, first Earl, Marquis and Duke of, vi. 4,
+      18, 19
+
+  Newcastle, John Holies, Duke of, vii. 134
+
+  Newcastle, Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of, vii. 218;
+    head of the ministry, 246;
+    refuses subsidy to Russia, 247;
+    jealous of Pitt, 250;
+    resigns, _ib._;
+    joins Pitt in forming a ministry, 251;
+    opposes Pitt, 304;
+    retires, 305
+
+  New England,
+    its settlement, v. 310-314;
+    return of Independents from, vi. 28;
+    its progress, vii. 237, 238
+
+  New Forest, William the Red slain in the, i. 198
+
+  Newgate, Friars at, ii. 12
+
+  New Holland, vii. 277
+
+  New Jersey, vii. 236
+
+  "New men," the, i. 325
+
+  New Orleans, English attempt on, viii. 205
+
+  New River, the, v. 77
+
+  New South Wales, vii. 278
+
+  Newton, Isaac, vi. 167
+
+  Newton, John, viii. 47
+
+  Newtown Butler, battle of, vii. 58
+
+  New York, vi. 243, vii. 236;
+    its Assembly suspended, viii. 4, 14
+
+  New Zealand, vii. 278
+
+  Ney, Marshal, viii. 208, 210
+
+  Niagara, Fort, vii. 243, 244, 267
+
+  Nicholas, Sir Edward, vi. 194, 244
+
+  Nigel, Bishop of Ely and treasurer, i. 218, 219
+
+  Nile, battle of the, viii. 133
+
+  Nimeguen, Peace of, vi. 291
+
+  "Nithing," i. 151, 192
+
+  Noailles, Duc de, vii. 224
+
+  Nonconformity, rise of, vi. 27
+
+  Nonconformists,
+    their position after 1662, vi. 212, 213;
+    attitude in 1665, 229;
+    persecution of, _ib._, 230;
+    the Cabal's dealings with, 251, 252;
+    renewed persecution of, 335;
+    position under James II., vii. 22;
+      under William III., 64;
+      under Anne, 123;
+      under Walpole, 198
+
+  Nonjurors, vii. 65
+
+  Nootka Sound, dispute about, viii. 88
+
+  Norfolk, rising of John the Litster in, ii. 325, 331
+
+  Norfolk, John Howard, first Duke of, iii. 286
+
+  Norfolk, Thomas Howard, second Duke of (_see_ Surrey), iii. 287
+
+  Norfolk, Thomas Howard, third Duke of (_see_ Surrey), iii. 270, 287;
+    his policy, 291, 294;
+    puts down Pilgrimage of Grace, 324;
+    arrests Cromwell, 352;
+    returns to power, iv. 17;
+    hostility to Protestants, _ib._;
+    marches against Scotland, 23, 24;
+    sent to the Tower, 45;
+    leads the royal guard against Wyatt, 83
+
+  Norfolk, Thomas Howard, fourth Duke of, iv. 173;
+    plots with Mary Stuart, 265, 266;
+    sent to the Tower, 268;
+    released, 271;
+    again plots with Mary, _ib._, 272;
+    arrest and death, 274
+
+  Norfolk, Henry Howard, seventh Duke of, vii. 21, 42
+
+  Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, first Duke of (_see_ Nottingham), ii. 372,
+      378
+
+  Norfolk, John Mowbray, third Duke of, iii. 80
+
+  Norfolk, Thomas, Earl of, son of Edward I., ii. 206, 207
+
+  Norfolk, Earls of. _See_ Bigod
+
+  Norham, Parliament at, ii. 136
+
+  Norman, prior of Holy Trinity, Aldgate, i. 223
+
+  Normandy,
+    its relation to English history, i. 154;
+    settlement of northmen in, 127, 141, 155;
+    relations with France, 155, 156;
+      with English kings, 156;
+    AEthelred II. in, 143, 156;
+    condition under William the Conqueror, 158, 159;
+    pledged by Robert to William Rufus, 197;
+    conquered by Henry I., 202;
+    invaded by Lewis VII., 254;
+      by Philip Augustus, 263;
+    laid under interdict, 263;
+    conquered by Philip, 269;
+    ceded by Henry III., ii. 63;
+    invaded by Edward III., 235;
+    conquered by Henry V., iii. 33, 34;
+    Bedford's rule in, 55;
+    regained by Charles VII., 62;
+    historians of, i. 6
+
+  Normans,
+    their settlement, i. 155;
+    temper, _ib._, 158;
+    in England under Eadward the Confessor, 151;
+    their flight, 153;
+    fusion with the English, 200, 281;
+    settlers in London, 303;
+    in Wales, ii. 48
+
+  Norris, Sir John, iv. 367, 368
+
+  North, Francis, Lord Keeper, vii. 10
+
+  North, Frederick, Lord, viii. 16, 28, 33
+
+  Northallerton, battle of, i. 217
+
+  Northampton
+    reduced by Eadward the Elder, i. 119;
+    John's deposition proclaimed at, 333;
+    John and Langton at, 340;
+    Essex musters the Parliamentary army at, vi. 2;
+    Assize of, i. 255;
+    battle of, iii. 75;
+    councils at, i. 237; ii. 120;
+    treaty of, ii. 205
+
+  Northampton, William Bohun, Earl of, ii. 237
+
+  Northampton, George Compton, fourth Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Northampton, Henry Howard, Earl of, v. 191
+
+  Northampton, William Parr, first Marquis of, iv. 47
+
+  North folk, i. 42
+
+  North Foreland, battles off the, vi. 238, 239
+
+  Northmen,
+    their temper, i. 100;
+    attack Britain, 101;
+    settle in Ireland, 103;
+    victorious at Charmouth, _ib._;
+    defeated at Aclea, _ib._;
+    conquer Northumbria and East Anglia, 104;
+    attack Wessex, 105;
+    defeated at Ashdown, _ib._;
+    invade Mercia, _ib._;
+    Alfred's struggle with, 106, 107, 116, 117;
+    attack Wessex, 118;
+    character of their attack, i. 125, 126;
+    fusion with English, 126, 127;
+    their work in England, 129;
+    settle in Iceland, the Orkneys and Hebrides, _ib._;
+    again threaten England, 139;
+    victory at Maldon, _ib._;
+    bought off by AEthelred, 140;
+    mercenaries in England, massacred, 141;
+    settlement in Gaul. _See_ Normandy, Normans
+
+  Northumberland
+    granted to Henry of Scotland, ii. 134;
+    lead-mines in, i. 30
+
+  Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of (_see_ Warwick), iv. 65, 67-69,
+      71
+
+  Northumberland, Henry Percy, first Earl of, ii. 378, 380; iii. 12-14,
+      18, 19
+
+  Northumberland, Henry Percy, second Earl of, iii. 28, 73, 74
+
+  Northumberland, Henry Percy, third Earl of, iii. 80
+
+  Northumberland, Henry Percy, fourth Earl of, iii. 138, 172
+
+  Northumberland, Thomas Percy, seventh Earl of, iv. 268, 269, 274
+
+  Northumberland, Henry Percy, ninth Earl of, iv. 353, 358
+
+  Northumbria, kingdom of (Bernicia and Deira), i. 53, 60;
+    greatness under Eadwine, 62-63;
+    accepts Christianity, 64-65;
+    greatness under Oswald, 67;
+    Irish missionaries in, 69;
+    struggle with Penda, 70-73;
+    Cuthbert's mission-work in, 75, 76;
+    monasteries in, 76, 77;
+    religious strife in, 78-80;
+    its power under Ecgfrith, 86, 87;
+    struggle with the Picts, 88, 89;
+      with Mercia, 89;
+    schools and learning in, 91;
+    repulses AEthelbald, 96;
+    anarchy in, 97;
+    submits to Ecgberht, 102;
+    conquered by northmen, 104;
+    submits to Eadward the Elder, 119;
+    incorporated with Wessex and Mercia by AEthelstan, _ib._;
+      rises against him, 120;
+        against Eadmund, _ib._;
+        against Eadwig, 137;
+    earldom of, 146;
+    revolts against Tostig, 160;
+      against William I., 168;
+    northern, conquered by the Scots, 146
+
+  Norway, its monarchy founded, i. 128, 129
+
+  Norwich,
+    French settlers in, i. 303;
+    clothiers of, resist benevolences, iii. 251;
+    rising at, against Somerset, iv. 55;
+    centre of the worsted trade, 279
+
+  Nothelm, friend of Baeda, i. 94
+
+  Nottingham,
+    AEthelred I.'s treaty with the northmen at, i. 104;
+    one of the Five Boroughs, 117;
+    submits to Eadward the Elder, 119;
+    Edward III. arrests Mortimer at, ii. 207;
+    Charles I. raises his standard at, vi. 2
+
+  Nottingham, Daniel Finch, second Earl of, vii. 28, 88, 124
+
+  Nottingham, Thomas Mowbray, second Earl of, ii. 353, 370.
+    _See_ Norfolk
+
+  Nottingham, John Mowbray, fourth Earl of, iii. 18
+
+  Nova Scotia,
+    French settlers driven from, vii. 242;
+    ceded to England, 307
+
+  Novi, battle of, viii. 140
+
+  Nowell, Alexander, Dean of St. Paul's, iv. 165
+
+  Noy, William, v. 317
+
+  Noyon, treaty of, iii. 234
+
+
+  Oates, Titus, vi. 294-297; vii. 66
+
+  Ockham, William, ii. 276
+
+  Odo, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 137
+
+  Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, i. 167, 183, 189, 191
+
+  Offa, king of Mercia, i. 96-98; ii. 46
+
+  Oglethorpe, General, vii. 236
+
+  O'Hara, General, viii. 109
+
+  Ohio Company, vii. 242
+
+  Olaf, king of Norway, i. 140
+
+  Oldcastle, Sir John, ii. 345; iii. 19.
+    _See_ Cobham
+
+  Olivares, Count of, v. 233
+
+  Olney, treaty of, i. 143
+
+  O'Neal, Sir Phelim, v. 365
+
+  O'Neill, Hugh, vi. 79
+
+  O'Neill, Hugh, second Earl of Tyrone, v. 61, 62
+
+  O'Neill, Owen Roe, vi. 71
+
+  O'Neill, Shane, iv. 240, 241
+
+  Opdam, Admiral, vi. 225
+
+  Orange, William I., Prince of, iv. 264, 297, 300, 312, 338, 347
+
+  Orange, William II., Prince of, vi. 70
+
+  Orange, William III., Prince of. _See_ William
+
+  "Orangemen," viii. 119, 120
+
+  "Ordainers," the Lords, ii. 188
+
+  Ordeal, trial by, i. 239
+
+  Orderic, i. 6, 173
+
+  Orders in Council,
+    Lord Grenville's, viii. 178;
+    Canning's, 181;
+      repealed, 197
+
+  Ordinance,
+    Self-Denying, vi. 35;
+    for suppression of blasphemies and heresies, vi. 60
+
+  Ordinances
+    changed into statutes, ii. 298;
+    of 1311, 189, 191, 194, 195
+
+  Orkneys, Northmen in the, i. 129
+
+  Orleans,
+    Henry V. repulsed from, iii. 36;
+    siege of, 45, 46;
+    relieved, 50, 51
+
+  Orleans, Charles, Duke of, iii. 24, 26, 28
+
+  Orleans, Lewis I., Duke of, iii. 5, 6, 12, 16, 17
+
+  Orleans, Lewis II., Duke of, iii. 170.
+    _See_ Lewis XII.
+
+  Orleans, Philip II., Duke of, Regent of France, vii. 185, 213
+
+  Ormond, James Butler, twelfth Earl of, vi. 16;
+    invites Charles II. to Ireland, 71;
+    besieges Dublin, 76;
+    Duke, 182, 193;
+    Lord Steward, 193;
+    retires, 244;
+    returns to the Council, 278;
+    supports Parliamentary government, vii. 1
+
+  Ormond, James Butler, second Duke of,
+    Warden of the Cinque Ports, vii. 145;
+    joins the Pretender, 168;
+    tries to stir up a rising, 184;
+    commands a Spanish fleet, 187
+
+  Orosius, AElfred's translation of, i. 114
+
+  Orthez, battle of, viii. 202
+
+  Orvieto, Edward I. visits the Pope at, ii. 102
+
+  Osbern's _Lives of English Saints_, i. 243
+
+  Osgod Clapa, i. 148
+
+  Osney,
+    abbey of, i. 284;
+    annals of, 273
+
+  Oswald, king of Bernicia, i. 67, 69-71
+
+  Oswiu, king of Northumbria, i. 72, 73, 78-81, 86
+
+  Otterbourne's _Chronicle_, ii. 179
+
+  Otto of Saxony, king of the Germans, i. 264;
+    his alliance with John, 334, 337;
+    invades France, 338, 342
+
+  Oudenarde, battle of, vii. 134
+
+  Overbury, Sir Thomas, v. 192
+
+  Oxford,
+    first mention of, i. 305;
+    submits to Swein, 143;
+    siege of, 220;
+    condition after Norman conquest, 306, 307;
+      in the twelfth century, 283-285;
+    relations with Abbey of Abingdon, 306, 308;
+      with London, 308, 309;
+    mayor substituted for reeve, 310;
+    town-life, _ib._, 311;
+    barons swear fealty to Henry Fitz-Empress at, 227;
+    Richard I. born at, 259;
+    Friars settle in, ii. 12;
+    Charles I. at, vi. 3, 4;
+    blockade of, 19;
+    "bargemen" of, i. 308;
+    charters, 309;
+    church of St. Martin, 283, 306, 310;
+      of St. Mary, 287, 288;
+    Jews at, 307; ii. 127-129;
+    merchant-gild, i. 308;
+    Parliament at, ii. 60; v. 246; vi. 226, 322, 323;
+    Portmannimote of, i. 306, 309;
+    Port-meadow, 296, 306;
+    Provisions of, ii. 61;
+    University of, i. 285-287;
+    Gerald of Wales at, 285;
+    a papal legate mobbed at, 287; ii. 42;
+    study of Aristotle at, i. 288, 293, 294;
+    foreign students at, 291;
+    revival of theology at, ii. 14;
+    Roger Bacon at, 16, 17;
+    attitude towards English liberty in thirteenth century, 22;
+    Wyclif at, 276;
+    ordered to condemn and arrest him, 310;
+    condemns him, 337;
+    displaces his opponents, _ib._;
+    Wykeham's College at, 308;
+    Lollardry at, 339-341;
+    Duke Humphrey bequeaths his library to, iii. 40, 161;
+    decay of scholarship at, 98;
+    revival of Greek at, 190, 194, 202;
+    Cardinal College at, 202, 262, 265;
+    Lutheranism at, 262, 263;
+    forced to approve Henry VIII.'s divorce, 292;
+    opposes the royal supremacy, iv. 162;
+    religious changes in, 304;
+    Catholic refugees from, at Douay, 317;
+    protests against the Millenary Petition, v. 152;
+    declares for passive obedience, 170; vii. 1;
+    James II.'s dealings with, 25, 26;
+    Jacobitism in, 184;
+    Methodists at, 205;
+    supports the younger Pitt, viii. 69
+
+  Oxford, Robert de Vere, third Earl of. _See_ Vere
+
+  Oxford, Robert de Vere, ninth Earl of. _See_ Vere
+
+  Oxford, John de Vere, twelfth Earl of, iii. 142, 177
+
+  Oxford, Edward de Vere, seventeenth Earl of, iv. 318, 353, 358
+
+  Oxford, Aubrey de Vere, twentieth Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Oxford, Robert Harley, Earl of (_see_ Harley), vii. 145
+
+
+  Packenham, General, viii. 205
+
+  Palatinate,
+    war in the, v. 220;
+    the Elector driven from, 226;
+    reconquered by Gustavus of Sweden, 276
+
+  Pale, the English,
+    in Ireland, ii. 374;
+      divided into counties, 376
+
+  Pampeluna, siege of, viii. 202
+
+  Pandulf, Cardinal, i. 333, 337, 344; ii. 3, 6
+
+  Papacy, the,
+    its relations with England under Henry III., ii. 1, 26-28, 59;
+    English protests against its exactions, 38, 42;
+    its relations with the Empire, 217, 218;
+      with France, _ib._, 224;
+      with England under Edward III., 218, 219, 221-223, 273-275, 303;
+    complaints of King and Parliament against, 225;
+    private arrangements with Edward III., 296;
+    beginning of its struggle with Luther, iii. 253;
+    England's relations with, under Henry VIII., 288, 289, 297, 299,
+        300;
+    appeals to, forbidden, 302;
+    judicial and financial connexion with, broken, _ib._;
+    its jurisdiction transferred to the Crown, 305, 306;
+    submission to, under Mary, iv. 88, 89;
+    its revival under Paul IV., 99, 100;
+    relations with Elizabeth, 155;
+    position and policy under Pius V., 250-253;
+    under Gregory XIII., 306, 313
+
+  Paris
+    rises against the Regent Charles, ii. 264;
+    threatened by Edward III., 265;
+    Henry VI. crowned at, iii. 55;
+    welcomes Charles VII., 56;
+    besieged by Henry IV. (of France), iv. 369;
+    relieved by Parma, 370;
+    rising in, viii. 83;
+    surrenders to the Allies, 203;
+    Peace of, vii. 307;
+    University of, i. 225, 282, 285, 290
+
+  Paris, Matthew, i. 273; ii. 43, 44
+
+  Parish system, its introduction, i. 84
+
+  Parker, Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 165;
+    his historical collections, v. 4;
+    Strype's _Life of_, iv. 4
+
+  Parker, Bishop of Oxford, vii. 25, 26
+
+  Parkhurst, John, iv. 119
+
+  Parliament,
+    its origin, ii. 156;
+    first scheme for representation of Commonalty in, 61;
+    its summons forbidden by Henry III., 64;
+    knights summoned to, 66, 150, 151;
+    Commons summoned to, 73;
+    representation of boroughs in, _ib._, 120, 121, 152-154;
+    finally constituted in 1295, 156;
+    attempt to include the clergy in, 157;
+    fixed at Westminster, 158;
+    Edward I.'s plan for representation of Scotland in, 171;
+    relations with the Crown, 181-183;
+    protests against papal exactions, 38, 222, 223, 225;
+    demands the dismissal of Gaveston, 187;
+    deposes Edward II., 199;
+    growth of its power, 201;
+    internal developement, _ib._, 202;
+    grouping of Estates in, 202, 203;
+    confirms recognition of Scotch independence, 205;
+    progress under Edward III., 230-232;
+    two Houses, 231;
+    repudiates John's submission to Rome, 275;
+    Edward III.'s relations with, 292;
+    its assent made necessary for subsidies on wool, 298;
+    English language first used in opening, 300, 356;
+    petition for due election of knights to serve in, 300;
+    acknowledges Richard II.'s claim to the succession, 307;
+    refuses to enfranchise serfs, 335;
+    struggle with Richard II., 352;
+      deposes him, iii. 1;
+    recognizes Henry IV., 2;
+      its relations with him, 3, 4, 22, 23;
+    importance at opening of Wars of the Roses, 86;
+    relations with York and Lancaster, 91, 92;
+    suspension under Edward IV., 91, 152;
+    recognizes Henry VII., 174;
+    Henry VIII.'s relations with, 288;
+    asks for Church reform, 290;
+    forbids appeals to Rome, 302;
+    Cromwell's dealings with, iv. 8, 9;
+    More's reverence for, 9;
+    developement under Henry VIII., 9-11;
+    temper under Edward VI., 66;
+    packing of, 67, 234;
+    relations with Mary, 77, 81, 85;
+    advance under Elizabeth, 233-239; v. 56-58;
+    "Admonition to," iv. 296;
+    suspension under Charles I., 272;
+    Pym's theory of, 346, 347;
+    schemes of the Convention for its reform, vi. 99;
+    first representation of Scotland and Ireland in, _ib._, 101;
+    new constitution of, in 1657, 122;
+    its strength and its weakness, 301, 302;
+    secures control over taxation and the army, vii. 61;
+    annual assembly, 62;
+    control over trade, 63;
+    the Whigs' management of, 176;
+    its duration fixed at seven years, 185;
+    relations with the people after the Revolution, 286-288;
+    need for its reform, 289-292;
+    George III.'s dealings with, 308, 309;
+    its dealings with Wilkes, 318;
+    publication of its debates, viii. 11;
+    composition after Union with Ireland, 139;
+    at Berwick, ii. 162;
+    at Coventry, iii. 75;
+    at Gloucester, ii. 289, 315;
+    at Marlborough, 89;
+    at Newcastle, 160;
+    at Norham, 136;
+    at Oxford, 60; v. 246; vi. 226, 323;
+    at St. Albans, ii. 66;
+    at Shrewsbury, 121, 371;
+    at Winchester, 66, 80, 82;
+    at York, 195;
+    the Addled, v. 196;
+    the Barebones, vi. 95;
+    the Cavalier, 201-204, 207;
+    moves to Oxford, 226;
+    its attitude towards France, 228;
+    relations with Charles, 240, 241;
+    rejects a scheme of Protestant comprehension, 252;
+    its distrust of the Cabal, 253;
+    grants a subsidy for the fleet, 260;
+    action in 1673, 271-274;
+      in 1674, 280, 281;
+    Danby's dealings with, 284-286;
+    action in 1678, 290;
+      dissolved, 299;
+    the Convention, vi. 194;
+    its dealings with the regicides, 195, 196;
+    settlement of the nation, 196-198;
+      of the Church, 199, 200;
+    dissolved, 200, 201;
+    the Club, iii. 91;
+    the Good, ii. 177, 304-307;
+    Long, its assembly, v. 349;
+    proceedings in 1640, 350, 351;
+      in 1641, 352-357, 362, 363, 369-371, 373-379;
+    raises an army, 377; vi. 1;
+    alliance with Scotland, 14, 15;
+    takes the Covenant, 16;
+    its ecclesiastical policy, 29, 30;
+    negotiates with Charles, 38;
+    attitude towards religious liberty, 45, 46;
+    proposes terms to the king, 47;
+    sets up Presbyterianism, 50;
+    negotiates with the Army, 54;
+    dealings with heresy, 60;
+    negotiates again with Charles, 63;
+    struggle with the Army, 65, 66;
+    its ruin, 67;
+    the Merciless, ii. 354;
+    the Rump, vi. 66;
+    its unwillingness to dissolve, 74, 77, 81, 84, 87;
+    struggle with the army, 89;
+    driven out, 90, 91;
+    recalled, 149;
+    driven out again, 150;
+    second return and dissolution, 151;
+    the Short, v. 340, 341;
+    the Wonderful, ii. 354;
+    of 1246, 38;
+    of 1248, _ib._;
+    of 1254, 73;
+    of 1257, 59;
+    of 1258, 60;
+    of 1259, 64;
+    of 1260, _ib._;
+    of 1261, 66;
+    of 1264, 71;
+    of 1265, 72, 73, 75, 80, 82, 153;
+    of 1266, 87;
+    of 1267, 89;
+    of 1275, 103, 107;
+    of 1283, 121;
+    of 1289, 123;
+    of 1295, 143, 154, 156, 157, 160;
+    of 1296, 160;
+    of 1309, 187;
+    of 1311, 189;
+    of 1313, 191;
+    of 1322, 195, 196;
+    of 1327, 199;
+    of 1328, 205;
+    of 1340, 231;
+    of 1341, 232;
+    of 1351, 256, 273;
+    of 1354, 299;
+    of 1365, 274;
+    of 1371, 301;
+    of 1376, 289;
+    of 1377, 310, 311;
+    of 1378, 289, 312, 315;
+    of 1379, 289, 316;
+    of 1380, 316;
+    of 1381, 334;
+    of 1385, 352;
+    of 1386, _ib._;
+    of 1388, 353;
+    of 1397, 370;
+    of 1398, 371;
+    of 1399, iii. 1;
+    of 1404, 15;
+    of 1413, 25;
+    of 1426, 91;
+    of 1447, 61;
+    of 1450, 68;
+    of 1451, _ib._;
+    of 1454, 72;
+    of 1455, 74;
+    of 1461, 118;
+    of 1484, 168;
+    of 1485, 174;
+    of 1515, 221;
+    of 1523, 244;
+    of 1529, 284, 288;
+    its action in 1531, 297;
+      in 1534, 305;
+    of 1539, 345;
+    of October 1553, iv. 75;
+    of November 1554, 88;
+    of 1559, 156, 157;
+    of 1563, 214, 215;
+    of 1570, 272;
+    of 1571, 292;
+    of 1581, 319;
+    of 1604, v. 153-155, 157, 160-163;
+    of 1610, 179-182;
+    of 1614, 195, 196;
+    of 1621, 220, 221, 225, 227-229;
+    of 1624, 235;
+    of 1625, 245-247;
+    of 1626, 249, 253;
+    of 1628, 259-264, 268-271;
+    of 1640, _see_ Parliament, Long and Short;
+    of 1654, vi. 101-106;
+    of 1655, 117, 123;
+    reassembles in 1658, 143;
+      its strife with Cromwell, 144;
+      dissolved, 145;
+    of 1659, 148, 149;
+    of 1660, _see_ Parliament, the Convention;
+    of 1661, _see_ Parliament, the Cavalier;
+    of 1679, vi. 299, 300, 304-306, 308;
+    of 1680, 312, 319, 320;
+    of 1681, 322-324;
+    of 1685, vii. 7, 9, 14, 15, 23;
+    of 1687, 23;
+    of 1689, 60-67, 69;
+    of 1690, 69, 88;
+    of 1695, 88, 89;
+    of 1699, 97, 98;
+    of 1701, 101-105, 107;
+    of 1702, 107;
+    of 1705, 125;
+    of 1714, 168;
+    of 1768, viii. 4, 7, 8, 11, 12;
+    of 1784, 69;
+    Irish, of 1634, v. 291, 292;
+      its condition in eighteenth century, viii. 35;
+      rejects free trade with England, 79, 118;
+      action in question of the Regency, 138;
+    Scottish, accepts Calvinism, iv. 187;
+    the Drunken, vi. 180;
+    of 1543, iv. 26, 28;
+    of 1563, 218;
+    of 1566, 228, 229;
+    of 1568, 260;
+    of 1703, vii. 127.
+    _See_ Commons, Lords, Statutes
+
+  Parma, Alexander Farnese, prince of, iv. 312, 337, 347, 348;
+    prepares to invade England, 356;
+    his difficulties, 357, 359;
+    raises the siege of Paris, 370;
+    of Rouen, 371;
+    dies, 373
+
+  Parpaglia, Papal Legate, iv. 191, 192
+
+  Parr, Catharine, iv. 24, 56
+
+  Parry, William, iv. 350
+
+  Parsons, Robert, iv. 318, 320, 345
+
+  Partition Treaty, the first, vii. 93;
+    second, 96
+
+  Passau, treaty of, iv. 65; v. 175
+
+  _Paston Letters_, ii. 180; iii. 104, 154
+
+  Paterson, William, vii. 86
+
+  Patrick, St., i. 68
+
+  "Patriots," the, vii. 203, 204, 218
+
+  Paul III., Pope, iii. 350; iv. 21, 35, 51, 64
+
+  Paul IV., Pope (_see_ Caraffa), iv. 99, 101;
+    his demands on England, 102, 145;
+    on Elizabeth, 155, 156;
+    death, 160
+
+  Paul, emperor of Russia, viii. 137, 160-163
+
+  Paulinus, St., i. 64, 67
+
+  Pavia, battle of, iii. 250
+
+  Peasant Revolt, the, ii. 319-332;
+    its results, 333-335
+
+  Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 118
+
+  Pecock, Bishop of Chichester, iii. 96
+
+  Pedro the Cruel, king of Castille, ii. 282-284
+
+  Peerage, increase of,
+    under James I., v. 200;
+    under Charles I., _ib._;
+    under Charles II., 201.
+    _See_ Lords
+
+  Peerage Bill, vii. 190, 191
+
+  "Peep o' Day Boys," viii. 119
+
+  Pelham, Henry, vii. 218, 226, 246, 250
+
+  Pembroke
+    surprised by the Royalists, vi. 59;
+    besieged by Cromwell, 61;
+    surrenders, 62
+
+  Pembroke, William Herbert, first Earl of, iv. 65, 66, 70, 108, 268
+
+  Pembroke, William Herbert, third Earl of, v. 43
+
+  Pembroke, Thomas Herbert, eighth Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Pembroke, Earls of. _See_ Clare, Marshal, Tudor, Valence
+
+  Pembrokeshire, Flemish and English settlement in, ii. 48
+
+  Pencrych, Richard, ii. 357
+
+  Penda, king of Mercia, i. 66, 70-73
+
+  Pengwern becomes Shrewsbury, i. 98
+
+  Peninsular War, viii. 186-188, 190, 191, 199, 200, 202
+
+  Penn, William, vi. 335
+
+  Pennsylvania, settlement of, vi. 335; vii. 236
+
+  Penry, John, iv. 343
+
+  Pepys, Roger, vi. 203
+
+  Pepys, Samuel, vi. 174;
+    his _Diary_, 157
+
+  Perceval, Spencer, viii. 189, 195, 196
+
+  Perche, Thomas, count of, ii. 2
+
+  Percies, the, ii. 378, 379; iii. 12
+
+  Percy, Henry (Hotspur), ii. 378;
+    constable of North Wales, iii. 10;
+    recovers Conway, 11;
+    defeats the Scots at Homildon Hill, 12;
+    plots against Henry IV., 13;
+    slain, 14
+
+  Percy, Thomas, v. 158
+
+  Perigord restored to Edward III., ii. 266
+
+  Perrers, Alice, ii. 304, 306, 307
+
+  Perth,
+    Convocation at, ii. 171;
+    Protestant riot at, iv. 169
+
+  Perth, James Drummond, fourth Earl of, vii. 17
+
+  Peru conquered by Pizarro, iv. 329
+
+  Peter the Great, Czar of Russia, vii. 189
+
+  Peter of Savoy, ii. 32
+
+  Peterborough
+    founded, i. 86;
+    burnt by northmen, 104
+
+  Peterborough, John Mordaunt, first Earl of, vii. 37
+
+  Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, second Earl of, vii. 126, 131, 133
+
+  Peters, Hugh, vi. 28, 66
+
+  Petition
+    of the Commons to Henry VIII., iii. 290;
+    the Millenary, v. 151;
+    of Right, 260, 261;
+      accepted by Charles I., 263
+
+  Petitions
+    to the king in Parliament, ii. 159;
+    changed into Statutes, iii. 90;
+    Triers of, ii. 159
+
+  "Petitioners" and "Abhorrers," vi. 314
+
+  Petrarch, his influence on Chaucer, ii. 360
+
+  Petre, Father Edward, vii. 20
+
+  Petty, Sir William, vi. 132, 169
+
+  Pevensey, William the Conqueror lands at, i. 162
+
+  Phelips, Sir Robert, v. 247, 248
+
+  Philadelphia, Congress at, viii. 19
+
+  Philip I., king of France, i. 190
+
+  Philip Augustus, king of France,
+    leagues with Richard against Henry II., i. 258;
+    quarrels with Richard, 259, 260;
+    plots with John, 261;
+    struggle with Richard, 263, 264;
+    conquers Normandy, 268, 269;
+    conquers Aquitaine, 270;
+    charged by the Pope to depose John, 333
+
+  Philip III., king of France, ii. 102
+
+  Philip IV., the Fair, king of France,
+    his relations with Scotland, ii. 141, 160;
+    seizes Guienne, 142;
+    truce with Edward, 168;
+      treaty, 170;
+    relations with the papacy, _ib._, 217, 224;
+    his _Royal Book_, iii. 161
+
+  Philip VI., of Valois, king of France, ii. 209;
+    relations with Pope and Emperor, 218;
+    attacks the Agenois and occupies Cambray, 219;
+      withdraws, 220;
+    supports Charles of Blois in Britanny, 233;
+    offers to restore Aquitaine, 235;
+    defeated at Crecy, 237-239;
+    fails against Edward and the Flemings, 244
+
+  Philip, son of Charles V. (Philip II. of Spain), iv. 79, 80;
+    king of Naples, 86;
+    marries Mary, _ib._;
+    person and manners, _ib._;
+    policy in England, 89, 90;
+    lord of Burgundy and king of Spain, 98;
+    leaves England, _ib._;
+      returns, 107;
+    war with France, 108;
+    policy towards Elizabeth, 137, 138, 154, 159, 175;
+      hopes for her conversion, 190;
+    compels Pius IV. to recall Parpaglia, 192;
+    urges Elizabeth to send envoys to Trent, 194;
+    sends help to the Guises, 209;
+    delays the Bull for deposition of Elizabeth, 214;
+    turns towards Mary Stuart, 222;
+    relations with Mary and the Pope, 254, 255;
+    difficulties in the Netherlands, 255, 256;
+    refuses to join the French against England, 268;
+    his rule, 326-328;
+      character, 328;
+      policy, _ib._, 329;
+    king of Portugal, 335;
+    assembles the Armada, 344;
+      despatches it, 356;
+    designs on France, 369;
+    sends troops to the Leaguers, 371;
+    sends a second Armada, v. 60;
+    supports Irish rising, 62
+
+  Philip IV., king of Spain, vi. 190
+
+  Philip, Duke of Anjou, vii. 99, 100;
+    king of Spain (Philip V.), 101, 141, 142, 186
+
+  Philip, Archduke of Austria, iii. 170, 186, 208
+
+  Philiphaugh, battle of, vi. 41
+
+  Philippa of Hainault, wife of Edward III., ii. 198, 245-247
+
+  Philippines,
+    the, conquered by England, vii. 307;
+    restored to Spain, _ib._
+
+  Philpot, John, ii. 312
+
+  Picardy
+    ceded to Burgundy, iii. 120;
+    restored to France, 122
+
+  Pichegru, General, viii. 110
+
+  Pickering, Sir Gilbert, vi. 325
+
+  Picts, the, i. 30;
+    defeated by Hengest and Horsa, 32;
+    own Ecgfrith's supremacy, 88;
+      defeat him at Nectansmere, 89
+
+  _Piers the Ploughman_, ii. 178, 269-272
+
+  Pilgrim Fathers, the, v. 308-310
+
+  Pilgrimage of Grace, iii. 323
+
+  Pillnitz, conference at, viii. 96
+
+  Pinkie Cleugh, battle of, iv. 53
+
+  Pitt, William, vii. 204, 220;
+    opposes treaty with Russia, 247;
+    his relations with Walpole and the Pelhams, 249-251;
+    his lofty spirit, 251-255;
+      patriotism, 255-257;
+      eloquence, 257-259;
+      statesmanship, 259, 260;
+    supports Frederick II., 262, 263;
+    his place among English statesmen, 275, 276;
+    rejects peace with France and supports Frederick, 302;
+    plans of war in 1761, 303;
+    resigns, 304;
+    relations with George III. and the Whigs, 316;
+    denounces the Stamp Act, 327;
+    recalled to office, 328;
+    again withdraws, 329;
+    supports American resistance, 331;
+    demands repeal of the Stamp Act, 331;
+    his policy towards America, 337;
+    attacks the Declaratory Act, 338;
+    forms a ministry, 339, 340.
+    _See_ Chatham
+
+  Pitt, William, the younger, viii. 52, 62;
+    his Reform Bill, 63, 64;
+    Chancellor of the Exchequer, 65;
+    new scheme for parliamentary reform, 67;
+    First Lord of the Treasury, 69;
+    his temper, 70-72;
+      statesmanship, 72-74;
+    his plans of parliamentary reform, 75, 76;
+    finance, 77;
+    treaty of commerce with France, 79;
+    advocates abolition of slave-trade, _ib._;
+    resists the prince's claim to the regency, 84;
+    attitude towards the French Revolution, 84, 86, 88, 89, 91, 95;
+    supports Fox's Libel Act, 92;
+    gives a constitution to Canada, _ib._;
+    endeavours to maintain peace, 102, 103;
+    position after the declaration of war, 104, 105;
+    his financial difficulties, 113, 114;
+    negotiations with France, 121, 126;
+    introduces the Income-Tax, 137;
+    effects union with Ireland, 138, 139;
+    his position during the war, 148-151;
+    revives plans for Catholic emancipation in Ireland, 152-155;
+    retires, 148, 155;
+    opposes Russia, 161;
+    returns to office, 170;
+    subsidizes a league against Napoleon, 172;
+    death, 173, 174
+
+  Pittsburg, vii. 266
+
+  Pius II., Pope, iii. 162
+
+  Pius IV., Pope,
+    his policy, iv. 190, 191;
+    recalls the council to Trent, 192, 193;
+    forbids attendance of Catholics at English Church service, 214
+
+  Pius V., Pope, iv. 226, 250;
+    relations with Philip II., 254, 256;
+    sends envoys to the English Catholics, 264;
+    issues a Bull for deposition of Elizabeth, 265;
+    sanctions the plans of Mary and Norfolk, 272
+
+  Pius VI., Pope, viii. 136
+
+  Pizarro, Francisco, iv. 329
+
+  Place Bill, vii. 62, 82
+
+  Plassey, battle of, vii. 261, 262
+
+  Plattsburg, English attempt on, viii. 205
+
+  Plauen, battle of, vii. 264
+
+  Pleas,
+    Common, Court of, ii. 109;
+    of the Crown, i. 264; ii. 109
+
+  Plymouth (Massachusetts), its foundation, v. 310
+
+  Poinet, Bishop of Winchester, iv. 119, 129, 131
+
+  Poitiers
+    captured by Henry of Derby, ii. 235;
+    battle of, 261-263
+
+  Poitou,
+    Henry III.'s campaign in, ii. 35;
+    ceded to France, 63;
+    recovered by Henry of Derby, 243;
+    restored to Edward III., 266;
+    won by Du Guesclin, 287
+
+  Poland,
+    contested election to the throne of, vii. 214;
+    partitions of, viii. 85, 108
+
+  Pole, Sir Geoffrey, iii. 349
+
+  Pole, John de la, Earl of Lincoln, iii. 176
+
+  Pole, Michael de la, Earl of Suffolk, ii. 350-353
+
+  Pole, Reginald, iii. 333, 349; iv. 20;
+    his attainder reversed, 88;
+    received as Legate, _ib._;
+    chief minister, 98, 99;
+    suspected by the Pope, 102;
+    deprived of the legation, 145;
+    dies, 165
+
+  Pole, Sir Richard, iii. 349
+
+  Pole, William de la. _See_ Suffolk
+
+  "Politicals," the, iv. 139, 141-143
+
+  Poll-tax, ii. 311;
+    renewed under Richard II., 316;
+    resistance to, 319, 321;
+    in 1641, v. 363
+
+  Pont-de-l'Arche seized by Henry V., iii. 33
+
+  Pontefract,
+    Thomas of Lancaster executed at, ii. 195;
+    Richard II. imprisoned at, iii. 7;
+    Pilgrimage of Grace at, 323, 324
+
+  Ponthieu,
+    Harold wrecked on coast of, i. 159;
+    Charles IV. demands homage of Edward II. for, ii. 197;
+    granted in full sovereignty to Edward III., 266;
+    seized by Charles V., 285
+
+  Pontigny, St. Edmund of Canterbury at, ii. 42
+
+  Pontlevoi, battle of, i. 212
+
+  Pontoise,
+    negotiations between France and England at, iii. 35;
+    relieved by Talbot, 56
+
+  Poor Laws, Elizabeth's, iv. 276, 277
+
+  Pope, Alexander, vii. 204, 217, 294-297
+
+  Popish Plot, the, vi. 294-298, 311, 313
+
+  Porter, John, v. 82
+
+  Portland, Breton descent on, iii. 16
+
+  Portland, William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, third Duke of, viii. 104,
+      180, 189
+
+  Portland, Richard Weston, Earl of. _See_ Weston
+
+  Port Mahon taken by the French, vii. 248
+
+  Portmannimote, the, i. 296;
+    of Oxford, 306, 309
+
+  Porto Bello, capture of, vii. 219
+
+  Portreeve, the, i. 315;
+    of London, 303
+
+  Portsmouth,
+    Robert of Normandy lands at, i. 200;
+    Bishop Moleyns of Chichester slain at, iii. 63
+
+  Portsmouth, Louise de Querouaille, Duchess of, vi. 176, 315, 321; vii.
+      5
+
+  Portugal
+    annexed to Spain, v. 335;
+    its colonies, 330, 336;
+    revolts, vi. 190, 192;
+    joins the Grand Alliance, vii. 119;
+    conquered by Napoleon, viii. 185;
+    Wellesley's campaigns in, 186-188, 190, 191
+
+  Portugal, Don Antonio of, iv. 367
+
+  "Post-nati," v. 162, 163
+
+  Powell, Vavasour, vi. 223
+
+  Powys
+    conquered by Offa, i. 97;
+    annexed by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, ii. 55
+
+  Poynings, Sir Edward, iii. 181
+
+  Pragmatic Sanction, the, vii. 199, 200
+
+  Prague
+    seized by Frederick II., vii. 225;
+    battles of, v. 220; vii. 248
+
+  Prayer, Book of Common, iv. 49, 59;
+    set aside, 76;
+    adopted in Scotland, 118;
+    retained in Essex, 144;
+    restored, 158;
+    declared schismatic by the Pope, 214;
+    bill for its reform, 292;
+    restored again, vi. 208;
+    Scottish, of 1636, v. 327, 328
+
+  Preachers, "poor," ii. 317, 335;
+    unlicensed, forbidden by Convocation, iii. 20, 21
+
+  Presbyterianism in England
+    under Elizabeth, iv. 294, 296;
+    attempts to establish it, v. 58;
+    its relations with Puritanism, 59, 60;
+    established in Scotland, 137, 138, 140, 335;
+    the Long Parliament's relations with, 354, 355; vi. 14, 50;
+    re-established in Scotland, vii. 54
+
+  Presbyterians,
+    their hostility to the sectaries, vi. 45;
+    dominant position after the Restoration, 193;
+    Clarendon's policy towards, 207;
+      Charles II.'s, 209
+
+  Press,
+    censorship of, iv. 343;
+    liberty of, established, vi. 305;
+    growth of its power, viii. 11-13
+
+  Preston,
+    battle of, vi. 62;
+    surrender of Jacobites at, vii. 184
+
+  Prestonpans, battle of, vii. 228
+
+  "Pride's Purge," vi. 65
+
+  "Priests, Simple," ii. 317, 339
+
+  Primers, English, iv. 40
+
+  Printing, introduction of, iii. 155
+
+  Prior, Matthew, vii. 138
+
+  Privy Seals, Elizabeth's, iv. 233
+
+  Proclamations, James I.'s use of, v. 168, 172
+
+  "Protector," office of, offered to Oliver Cromwell, vi. 100
+
+  Protestantism,
+    its area at accession of Pius V., iv. 249, 250;
+    in England, its advance under Edward VI., 59;
+    effects of its spread among the people, 121, 122;
+    growth under Elizabeth, 292, 302-305;
+      position at her death, v. 107-109;
+    in Germany, growth after Peace of Passau, 175;
+    progress in Scotland, iv. 168, 169
+
+  Protestants, English,
+    More's dealings with, iii. 289;
+    their outrages, 343-345;
+    their position after Cromwell's fall, iv. 15, 16;
+    their outrages, 91, 97;
+    martyrdoms, 91-96, 144;
+    growth of extreme views among, 119, 120;
+    attitude towards the royal supremacy, 122;
+    position under Elizabeth, 149;
+    refugees, their leaning to Calvinism, 127;
+    strife among, _ib._, 128;
+    their writings, 128, 129, 133;
+    foreign, in England, 51, 74, 305;
+    German, Union of, v. 177
+
+  Protestation of the Parliament to James I., v. 228, 229
+
+  Provisions
+    of Oxford, ii. 61;
+    of Westminster, 62;
+      annulled by the Pope, 65;
+    by Mise of Amiens, 68
+
+  Prussia,
+    its alliance with England and France, vii. 199;
+    attacked by Napoleon, viii. 174;
+    rises against him, 201
+
+  Prynne, John, v. 305, 306, 329, 352
+
+  Pucklechurch, Eadmund the Magnificent slain at, i. 123
+
+  Puiset, Hugh, Bishop of Durham, i. 260
+
+  Pulteney, William, vii. 204
+
+  Puritanism,
+    its beginnings, iv. 132, 133, 339;
+    its relations with Presbyterianism, v. 59, 60;
+      with Calvinism, 86-88;
+    growth among the people, 88, 89;
+    among the clergy, 89, 90;
+    relation to politics, 91-93;
+    influence on society, 94-95;
+      on conduct, 95-97;
+    its relation to culture, 97, 98;
+    its narrowness, 101, 102;
+    its extravagance, 102-104;
+    its persecution of witches, 106, 107;
+    its doctrinal bigotry, 115;
+      hatred of sectaries, 116-118;
+      wish for reforms, 118, 119;
+    its ideal of the State, vi. 127, 128;
+    its political failure, 129;
+      reaction from, _ib._, 130, 142, 143, 162-165;
+    its fall, 153;
+    its after-results, 154;
+    its epic, 235-237
+
+  Puritans,
+    Elizabeth's relations with, iv. 339, 340;
+    their temper at her death, v. 109, 110;
+    appeal to James I., 151;
+    Laud's dealings with, 295-297;
+    their panic, 301, 302;
+    migration to America, 310-314, 319, 320;
+    Charles II.'s dealings with, vi. 208, 209
+
+  "Purveyance," ii. 290, 298
+
+  Pym, John, v. 262, 344, 345;
+    his political theory, 346, 347;
+    genius, 347, 348;
+    carries Strafford's impeachment, 350;
+    proposals for Church reform, 354;
+    one of the "five members," 373;
+    member of Committee of Public Safety, vi. 1;
+    resists the abolition of Episcopacy, 14;
+    agrees to the adoption of the Covenant, 14, 15;
+    dies, 17;
+    outrage on his corpse, 201
+
+
+  Quakers,
+    persecution of, vi. 230, 231;
+    their settlement in Pennsylvania, 335
+
+  Quarles, Francis, v. 303
+
+  Quebec, capture of, vii. 267, 268
+
+  Queen's County, English settlement of, iv. 111
+
+  Queensberry, William Douglas, first Duke of, vii. 19
+
+  Quiberon, battle of, vii. 265
+
+  Quinci, Saher de, Earl of Winchester, i. 343
+
+  "Quo warranto," ii. 117
+
+
+  Rachentege, i. 221
+
+  Radnor captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 10
+
+  Raedwald, king of East Anglia, i. 59, 62
+
+  Rahere founds St. Bartholomew's Priory, i. 223
+
+  Raikes, Robert, viii. 47
+
+  Raleigh, Sir Walter,
+    discovers Virginia, iv. 345; v. 307;
+    sent to the Tower, 215;
+    last expedition, _ib._, 216;
+    death, 216;
+    his _History of the World_, 4;
+    _Lives of_, iv. 5
+
+  Ralph Niger, i. 174
+
+  Ramillies, battle of, vii. 126
+
+  Randolph, Sir Thomas, ii. 204, 210.
+    _See_ Moray
+
+  Rastadt, treaty of, vii. 141
+
+  Ratae (Leicester), i. 37
+
+  Ratisbon, conference at, iv. 101
+
+  Ravenspur,
+    Henry of Lancaster lands at, ii. 379;
+    Edward IV. lands at, iii. 141
+
+  Ray, John, vi. 167
+
+  Reading, John Cook, abbot of, hanged, iii. 350
+
+  Redman, Robert, his _Life of Henry V._, ii. 179
+
+  Reeves
+    of towns, i. 296;
+    of royal demesnes, summoned to council at St. Albans, 339
+
+  Reformation
+    in England, iv. 58-60;
+    in Ireland, 62, 63.
+    _See_ Calvinism, Calvinists, Huguenots, Lutherans, Protestantism,
+        Protestants
+
+  Reginald, sub-prior of Canterbury, chosen archbishop, i. 329
+
+  Religion
+    of the old English people, i. 22-24;
+    Christian, _see_ Christianity, Church;
+    revival in twelfth century, 222
+
+  Remonstrance,
+    the Grand, v. 369, 370;
+    of the Council of officers, vi. 64;
+    on the State of the Realm, v. 262, 264
+
+  Renascence, the, iii. 188-190, 195;
+    its influence on English literature, v. 1-3
+
+  Reole, La, captured by Henry of Derby, ii. 234
+
+  Representation,
+    principle of, in old England, i. 20;
+    parliamentary, its origin, ii. 149, 150
+
+  Representation, Humble, of the army, vi. 53
+
+  Repyngdon, follower of Wyclif, ii. 340, 341
+
+  Requesens, governor of the Netherlands, iv. 300, 301, 310
+
+  Reresby's _Memoirs_, vi. 157
+
+  "Reserves," Papal, ii. 28
+
+  Revolution,
+    the English, its effect on the monarchy, vii. 60;
+      on Parliament, 62;
+      on the Church, 63, 64;
+    the French, _see_ France
+
+  Reynolds, Edward, Bishop of Norwich, vi. 200
+
+  Rhode Island, settlement of, v. 313
+
+  Rhys ap Tewdor, Prince of South Wales, i. 246; ii. 48
+
+  Rich, Edmund. _See_ Edmund
+
+  Richard (I.),
+    born at Oxford, i. 259;
+    rebels against Henry II., 254, 258;
+    crowned, 259;
+    releases the Scot-king from homage, ii. 134;
+    crusade, i. 259, 261;
+    prisoner, 261;
+    homage to the emperor, 262;
+    return, _ib._;
+    exactions for his ransom, 350;
+    character, 263;
+    struggle with Philip Augustus, _ib._, 264;
+    builds Chateau-Gaillard, 265-267;
+    death, 267, 268
+
+  Richard (II.), son of the Black Prince, ii. 303;
+    his claim to the succession questioned, 306;
+    acknowledged by Parliament, 307;
+    king, 311;
+    dealings with the Peasant Revolt, 322-324, 331, 332;
+    his person, character, and policy, 350, 351;
+    opposition to the Parliament, 352;
+    struggle with Gloucester, 353, 354;
+    his rule, 354, 355;
+    campaign in Ireland, 367, 378;
+    change in his temper, 368;
+    marries Isabella of France, _ib._;
+    quarrel with the Commons, 370, 371;
+    tyranny, 372;
+    seizes Lancastrian estates, 373;
+    second expedition to Ireland, 379;
+      return, 380;
+    betrayed to Henry of Lancaster, 381;
+    deposed, iii. 1;
+    prisoner at Pomfret, 7;
+    death, 8;
+    burial, 28;
+    authorities for his reign, ii. 178, 179
+
+  Richard (III.), Duke of Gloucester,
+    patron of Caxton, iii. 161, 163;
+    expedition to Scotland, 163;
+    Protector, 164;
+    King, _ib._;
+    rising against him, 167;
+    his policy, 168, 169, 171;
+    death, 172
+
+  Richard, Earl of Cornwall, ii. 36;
+    heads reforming party among the barons, 37;
+    king of the Romans, 71;
+    taken prisoner, _ib._;
+    spared, by the younger Simon, 80;
+      intercedes for him, 85
+
+  Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy, i. 155, 156
+
+  Richard Fitz-Neal. _See_ Fitz-Neal
+
+  Richard of Devizes, i. 174
+
+  Richardson, Chief-Justice, v. 297
+
+  Richardson, Samuel, vii. 297
+
+  Richelieu, Cardinal, v. 274, 338, 339
+
+  Richelieu, Duke of, vii. 248
+
+  Richmond, Edmund Tudor, Earl of, iii. 165
+
+  Richmond, Margaret, Countess of. _See_ Beaufort
+
+  Ridley, Bishop of London, iv. 91
+
+  Ridolfi, Robert, iv. 265, 272, 273
+
+  Right,
+    Claim of, vii. 51;
+    Petition of, v. 260, 261, 263
+
+  _Rights, Book of_, i. 8
+
+  Rights, Declaration of, vii. 46, 47, 60
+
+  Rishanger, chronicler, i. 273, 274
+
+  Rising, Castle, Queen Isabella imprisoned at, ii. 207
+
+  Rivers, Sir Richard Woodville, first earl (_see_ Woodville), iii. 127,
+      134
+
+  Rivers, Anthony Woodville, second earl (_see_ Scales), iii. 161-163
+
+  Rivoli, battle of, viii. 125
+
+  Rizzio, David, iv. 222, 226, 228
+
+  Robartes, Richard, first Lord, v. 200
+
+  Robartes, John, second Lord, vi. 220, 301
+
+  Robert I., king of Scots. _See_ Bruce
+
+  Robert (II.), Steward of Scotland, ii. 213;
+    king, 286
+
+  Robert III., king of Scots, iii. 7, 15, 16
+
+  Robert (the Magnificent), Duke of Normandy, i. 157
+
+  Robert, son of William the Conqueror, i. 190;
+    Duke of Normandy, 191;
+    pledges Normandy to Rufus, 197;
+    goes on crusade, _ib._;
+      returns, 198;
+    invades England, 200, 201;
+    defeated at Tenchebray, 202
+
+  Robert, Earl of Gloucester, i. 216, 217, 219, 220
+
+  Robespierre, Maximilien, viii. 96
+
+  Robinson, John, v. 308
+
+  Rochelle, La,
+    protests against severance from France, ii. 280;
+    surrendered to France, 287;
+    attempt to relieve it, 291;
+    revolts, v. 256;
+    siege of, _ib._;
+    English expeditions to, 259, 263;
+    surrenders, 266, 274
+
+  Roches, Peter des, Bishop of Winchester and justiciar, i. 341, 347;
+      ii. 32, 34
+
+  Rochester
+    surrenders to William the Red, i. 192;
+      to John, 354;
+    diocese of, i. 83
+
+  Rochester, Robert Carr, Viscount, v. 190-193.
+    _See_ Somerset
+
+  Rochester, Laurence Hyde, Earl of (_see_ Hyde), vii. 2, 20, 98
+
+  Rochester, John Wilmot, second Earl of, vi. 162
+
+  Rockingham, Charles Watson Wentworth, second Marquis of,
+    prime minister, vii. 329, 331;
+    relations with Burke, 332;
+    resigns, 339;
+    draws away from Chatham, viii. 16;
+    returns to office, 38;
+    opposes reform, 64;
+    death, 65
+
+  Rocroi, battle of, vi. 190
+
+  Rodney, Admiral, viii. 40
+
+  Roger, Bishop of Salisbury and justiciar, i. 215, 218, 219
+
+  Roger (the Poor), chancellor, i. 218
+
+  Rogers, John, iv. 91, 95
+
+  _Roland, Song of_, i. 163
+
+  Romance, growth of, i. 246, 247
+
+  Romances,
+    the French, ii. 357;
+      their influence on Chaucer, 360
+
+  Rome,
+    disappearance of its influence in England, i. 41, 44, 45;
+    returns with Augustine, 58, 59;
+    AElfred's intercourse with, 113;
+    stormed by the Duke of Bourbon, iii. 269
+
+  Romorantin taken by the Black Prince, ii. 261
+
+  Romsey, Abbey of, i. 199
+
+  Rookwood of Euston Hall, iv. 308
+
+  Roper's _Life of More_, iii. 83
+
+  Rosbecque, battle of, ii. 349
+
+  Roses, Wars of the,
+    their beginning, iii. 77;
+    their results, 86, 87
+
+  Ross, General, viii. 204
+
+  Rossbach, battle of, vii. 263
+
+  Rostopchin, Count, viii. 162
+
+  Roucoux, battle of, vii. 231
+
+  Rouen,
+    William I. dies at, i. 190;
+    besieged by Lewis VII., 254, 255;
+    Arthur murdered at, 268;
+    siege of, by Henry V., iii. 33, 34;
+    Jeanne d'Arc burnt at, 54;
+    Henry VI.'s court at, 55;
+    besieged by Henry IV. of France, iv. 371;
+    relieved by Parma, _ib._
+
+  Rouergue restored to Edward III., ii. 266
+
+  "Roundheads," v. 372
+
+  Roundway Down, battle of, vi. 6
+
+  Royal Society, its beginnings, vi. 132, 165, 166
+
+  Rudolf II., Emperor, v. 177
+
+  Runnymede, i. 347
+
+  Rupert, Prince,
+    captures Brentford, vi. 3;
+    his raid on Buckinghamshire, 9, 10;
+    Bristol surrenders to, 12;
+    defeated at Marston Moor, 19, 22;
+    commands royalist ships, 71, 78;
+    struggle with Blake, 78;
+    sea-fights with the Dutch, 238, 277;
+    returns to the Council, 278;
+    his "drops," 166
+
+  Rushworth's collection of State papers, v. 72
+
+  Russell, John, Lord, iv. 47, 56.
+    _See_ Bedford
+
+  Russell, William, Lord,
+    head of the Country party, vi. 272;
+    correspondence with Barillon, 298;
+    takes office, 300;
+    supports the Exclusion, 306;
+    resigns, 315;
+    beheaded, 337;
+    his attainder reversed, vii. 66
+
+  Russell, Edward,
+    signs the invitation to William III., vii. 35;
+    goes to the Hague, 37;
+    commands the fleet, 77;
+    victory at La Hogue, 78;
+    member of the Junto, 85, 88;
+    resigns, 98;
+    impeached, 105
+
+  Russia,
+    its alliance with Maria Theresa, vii. 246;
+    treaty with George II., 247;
+    invaded by Napoleon, 198, 200
+
+  Russia Company, iv. 284
+
+  Ruthin burnt by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 10
+
+  Ruthven, Patrick, third Lord, iv. 225, 228, 230
+
+  Rutland, Edward, Earl of (Duke of Albemarle), iii. 7, 8.
+    _See_ Albemarle
+
+  Rutland, Edmund, Earl of, iii. 78
+
+  Rutland, John Manners, ninth Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Ruyter, Admiral De,
+    his fights with Blake, vi. 88, 115;
+      with Monk and Rupert, 238;
+      with the Duke of York, 268
+
+  Rye-House plot, vi. 337
+
+  Rygge, Robert, chancellor of Oxford, ii. 340
+
+  Ryswick, Peace of, vii. 90, 91
+
+
+  Sacheverell, Dr., vii. 137
+
+  Sackville, Lord John, vii. 265
+
+  Saeberht, king of the East Saxons, i. 59
+
+  St. Albans,
+    risings of townsfolk at, ii. 84, 322, 325, 330-332;
+    battles at, iii. 73, 74, 78;
+    chroniclers of, i. 174, 273; ii. 43, 177;
+    council at, i. 339;
+    Parliament at, ii. 66
+
+  St. Andrews, Cardinal Beaton murdered at, iv. 33
+
+  St. Asaph's, John Trevor, bishop of, iii. 10
+
+  St. Cloud, battle of, iii. 23
+
+  St. Domingo
+    discovered, iv. 329;
+    English descent on, vi. 117
+
+  St. Edmundsbury,
+    abbey of, i. 104;
+    town of, 311-313;
+    battle near, 254;
+    meeting of barons at, 344;
+    strife of town and abbey, ii. 325-330
+
+  St. John, Henry, vii. 124;
+    his political writings, 138;
+    returns to office, 139;
+    intrigues against Marlborough, 140.
+    _See_ Bolingbroke
+
+  St. John, Oliver, v. 341, vi. 81
+
+  St. Leger, Sir Anthony, iv. 62
+
+  St. Lucia conquered by England, vii. 307
+
+  St. Malo, John of Gaunt defeated at, ii. 315
+
+  Saintonge
+    restored to Edward III., ii. 266;
+    won by Du Guesclin, 287
+
+  St. Pierre, Eustache de, ii. 245
+
+  St. Pol, Waleran, count of, iii. 6
+
+  St. Quentin, battle of, iv. 108
+
+  St. Ruth, General, vii. 73
+
+  St. Vincent, Cape, battles of, viii. 40, 127
+
+  St. Vincent, island of, conquered by England, vii. 307
+
+  Saladin tithe, i. 257
+
+  Salamanca, battle of, viii. 199, 200
+
+  Salisbury,
+    cathedral at, ii. 106;
+    Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96
+
+  Salisbury, Margaret, countess of, iii. 349
+
+  Salisbury, Robert Cecil, first earl of. _See_ Cecil
+
+  Salisbury, James Cecil, third earl of, vi. 288
+
+  Salisbury, William Longsword, earl of, i. 337, 342, 343, 345
+
+  Salisbury, William de Montacute, second earl of, ii. 306, 345, 352
+
+  Salisbury, John de Montacute, third earl of, ii. 380; iii. 8, 9
+
+  Salisbury, Thomas de Montacute, fourth earl of, iii. 45
+
+  Salisbury, Richard Neville, earl of, iii. 73, 74, 75, 78, 112
+
+  Salt-springs in Worcestershire, ii. 107
+
+  Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, vii. 30, 45, 65
+
+  Sanders, Nicholas, iv. 316
+
+  Sandwich, Edward Montagu, first earl of, vi. 193, 214
+
+  _San Graal_, poem of the, i. 174, 247
+
+  San Sebastian, siege of, viii. 202
+
+  Santa Cruz, Blake's victory at, vi. 124
+
+  Saratoga, Burgoyne's surrender at, viii. 26
+
+  Sardinia
+    conquered by Spain, vii. 187;
+    the duke of Savoy made king of, 188
+
+  Sarsfield, Patrick, vii. 72, 73
+
+  Sarum, Old, captured by the West Saxons, i. 37
+
+  Saunders, Lawrence, iv. 91
+
+  Sautre, William, iii. 5
+
+  Savile, Sir Henry, v. 229
+
+  Savile, Sir John, v. 284
+
+  Savoy
+    joins the Grand Alliance, vii. 119;
+    joins the Triple Alliance, 187, 188
+
+  "Savoy," the, ii. 32, 263, 321;
+    conference at, vi. 204
+
+  Saxe, Marshal, vii. 226, 231
+
+  Saxons,
+    their early home, i. 10;
+    attack Britain, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34.
+    _See_ East Saxons, Middle Saxons, South Saxons, West Saxons
+
+  Saxony, Frederic III., elector of, iii. 254
+
+  Saxony, Maurice, Duke of, iv. 50, 51, 64
+
+  Say and Sele, James Fiennes, first Lord, iii. 66
+
+  Saye and Sele, William Fiennes, first Viscount, v. 320, 354, 358; vi.
+      194
+
+  Scales, Anthony Woodville, Lord, iii. 130, 131.
+    _See_ Rivers
+
+  Scarborough,
+    Piers Gaveston besieged in, ii. 190;
+    peasant revolt at, 324
+
+  Schmalkald, League of, iii. 336; iv. 36, 50
+
+  Scholasticism, ii. 21, 22;
+    its political influence, 22, 23
+
+  Schomberg, duke of, vii. 70, 71
+
+  Schools,
+    English language supersedes French in, ii. 356, 357;
+    founded by AElfred, i. 114;
+    under Henry VIII., iii. 200, 201;
+    under Edward VI., 201; iv. 62;
+    under Elizabeth, iii. 201;
+    at Bec, i. 159;
+    at Canterbury, 92;
+    at Jarrow, 91;
+    at York, _ib._;
+    of the Friars, ii. 14;
+    Sunday, viii. 47
+
+  Science, physical,
+    Roger Bacon's plea for, ii. 20;
+    its beginnings in England, iii. 190; vi. 131, 132, 166, 167
+
+  Scone,
+    crowning-place of the Scottish kings, ii. 162;
+    Robert Bruce crowned at, 173;
+    Edward Balliol crowned at, 210;
+    Charles II. crowned at, vi. 82.
+
+  Scotland,
+    its relations with William the Conqueror, i. 189;
+      with William Rufus, 197;
+    three divisions of the kingdom, ii. 131;
+    relations with England in eleventh and twelfth centuries, 132-134;
+    English claims to its homage, 134, 135;
+      claimants of the crown, 136;
+    Edward I. acknowledged as its overlord, 137;
+    question of appeals from, 140;
+    relations with France during Hundred Years' War, 141, 197, 213;
+    submits to Edward I., 161;
+    rises against him, 167-170;
+    its overlordship claimed by the Pope, 170;
+    Edward's first conquest and settlement of, 171, 172;
+      his plan for its representation in English Parliament, 171;
+    rises again, 173;
+    Bruce's successes in, 191-193;
+    truce with England, 196;
+    renewed strife, 204;
+    its independence recognized, 205;
+    struggle with Edward III., 210-214;
+    David Bruce's plans for the succession, 264;
+    relations with Henry IV., iii. 7, 9;
+      with Owen Glyndwr, 11;
+    condition after Neville's Cross, 182, 183;
+    relations with France and England, 184;
+      with Henry VII., 185;
+    condition after 1524, iv. 22, 23;
+    league with France, 23;
+    relations with Henry VIII., 26-28;
+    Hertford's invasion of, 29;
+    Somerset's relations with, 52, 53;
+    Protestantism in, 111, 112, 115, 117;
+    condition under Mary of Guise and the Lords of the Congregation,
+        168, 169;
+    strife of religions in, 218;
+    unites against Mary, 245;
+    condition during minority of James VI., v. 122, 124;
+    work of the Stuarts in, 125, 126;
+    political effect of the Reformation in, 127;
+    character and rise of the people, 129, 130, 135;
+    proposal for its union with England, 154;
+    relations with Charles I., 325-328, 330, 333, 334;
+    revolution in, 334, 335;
+    rising in, 337;
+    seeks help of France, 338, 339;
+    struggle with Charles, 341, 342;
+    pacification, 363;
+    Charles I. in, _ib._, 364;
+    treaty with the English Parliament, vi. 14, 16;
+    first union with England, 85, 108;
+    its first representation in the English Parliament, 99, 101;
+    condition under Cromwell, 108, 109;
+    its union with England dissolved, 180;
+    Covenant abolished and Episcopacy restored in, 181;
+    policy of Lauderdale in, 259;
+    condition under James II., vii. 16, 17;
+    William III. recognized as king in, 51;
+    Jacobite risings in, 52, 183, 228-230;
+    Presbyterianism restored in, 54;
+    union with England, 127-129
+
+  Scots, i. 31;
+    submit to Eadward the Elder, 119;
+    league with Cumbrians and Welsh against AEthelstan, 119, 120;
+    alliance with Eadmund, 123;
+    conquer northern Northumbria, 146;
+    cession of Lothian to, its results, 147;
+    invade England, 217, 254;
+    their mode of warfare, ii. 204, 205;
+    recapture Berwick, 259, 263;
+    defeated at Homildon Hill, iii. 12;
+    besiege York, vi. 18;
+    besiege Newcastle, 23;
+    give up Charles I. to the Parliament, 49;
+    invade England again, 62;
+    defeated at Preston, _ib._
+
+  Scrope, Henry, Lord, iii. 30
+
+  Scrope, Richard, Archbishop of York, iii. 18
+
+  Scutage, i. 233, 257, 344, 350, 351; ii. 104
+
+  "Sea-dogs," the, iv. 331-333
+
+  Sectaries,
+    their rise, v. 117;
+    in London, vi. 28
+
+  Sedgemoor, battle of, vii. 10
+
+  Sedley, Sir Charles, vi. 163
+
+  Selden, John, v. 306, 322
+
+  Seminary priests, the, iv. 307-309, 354;
+    banished, v. 156
+
+  Senlac, i. 162, 163
+
+  Serfs, manumission of, i. 325.
+    _See_ Villeins
+
+  Seven Years' War,
+    its beginning, vii. 248;
+    its importance, 273-275;
+    its end, 307
+
+  Seville, Treaty of, vii. 200
+
+  Seymour, Sir Edward, vi. 253
+
+  Seymour, Jane, iii. 326, 351
+
+  Seymour, Thomas, Lord, iv. 47, 56
+
+  Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley, Cooper, first earl of (_see_ Ashley
+      Cooper),
+    Lord Chancellor, vi. 271;
+    speech on the war, 272;
+    relations with the king, 275;
+    change of policy, 276, 277;
+    dismissed, 278;
+    his plans, 279, 280;
+    committed to the Tower, 288;
+    released, 295;
+    attitude towards the Popish plot, 295-297;
+    correspondence with Barillon, 298;
+    President of the Council, 300;
+    supports the Exclusion, 306, 307;
+    project for Monmouth's succession, 309, 310;
+    dismissed again, 311;
+    revives the plot, 312, 313;
+    struggle with Charles, 313-315, 321, 324;
+    arrested, 324;
+    bill of his indictment thrown out, 334;
+    popularity in London, _ib._;
+    flight and death, 336
+
+  Shakspere, William,
+    his early life, v. 27-31;
+    first plays, 31-35;
+    historical plays, 35-36, 38-40;
+    attitude towards religion, 37, 38;
+    political sympathies, 39, 40;
+    prosperity, 41, 42;
+    gloom, 42-44;
+    last plays, 45, 46;
+    demand for his works in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,
+        vii. 292
+
+  Sharp, Rev. Dr., vii. 18
+
+  Shaxton, bishop of Salisbury, iii. 336, 347
+
+  Shelburne, William Fitzmaurice, second earl of,
+    President of the Board of Trade, vii. 315-319;
+    protests against the prosecution of Wilkes, 318;
+    resigns, 319;
+    advocates repeal of the Stamp Act, 331, 338;
+    takes office under Chatham, 340;
+    resigns office, viii. 6;
+    heads a ministry, 65;
+    makes peace with America, _ib._;
+    resigns, 66.
+    _See_ Lansdowne
+
+  Sheldon, Archbishop of Canterbury, vi. 162
+
+  Sheriffmuir, battle of, vii. 183
+
+  Sheriffs,
+    their position under William I., i. 185;
+    appointment regulated by Provisions of Oxford, ii. 61;
+    functions in the shire-court, 149;
+    disqualified from serving in Parliament, 300
+
+  Ship-money, v. 317;
+    Laud's developement of, 318;
+    Hampden's resistance to, 323;
+    its legality asserted by the judges, _ib._;
+    trial of Hampden's case, 324, 330;
+    judgement on, 331;
+    declared illegal, 352
+
+  Shires, i. 185;
+    restriction of franchise in, iii. 101, 102;
+    the six, of York, i. 295
+
+  Shire-court. _See_ County Court
+
+  Shire-reeves, i. 131
+
+  Shirley, James, v. 303
+
+  Shore, Jane, iii. 117
+
+  Shrewsbury (Pengwern), i. 98;
+    castle at, 168;
+    reduced by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, ii. 55;
+    Parliament at, 121, 371;
+    battle of, iii. 14;
+    Charles I. at, vi. 2
+
+  Shrewsbury, John Talbot, first Earl of (_see_ Talbot), iii. 70, 71
+
+  Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, twelfth Earl and first Duke of, vii. 23,
+      28;
+    signs the invitation to William, 35;
+    sends him funds, 37;
+    Secretary of State, 67;
+    negotiates with James, 77;
+    member of the Junto, 88;
+    President of the Council, 146
+
+  Shropshire ravaged by the Welsh, iii. 19
+
+  Sicily,
+    crown of, offered to Edmund of England, ii. 59;
+    ceded to Savoy, vii. 142, 186;
+    conquered by Spain, 187
+
+  Sidmouth, Henry Addington, first Viscount (_see_ Addington), viii.
+      174, 179, 183
+
+  Sidney, Algernon,
+    supports the Independents, vi. 45;
+    relations with Lewis XIV., 229, 298;
+    holds meetings with Monmouth, etc., 336;
+    beheaded, 337;
+    his attainder reversed, vii. 66
+
+  Sidney, Sir Henry, iv. 241
+
+  Sidney, Sir Philip, v. 6, 7, 11, 12
+
+  Sikhs, the, vii. 234
+
+  Simeon of Durham, i. 6, 173, 243
+
+  Simnel, Lambert, iii. 176
+
+  Siward, Earl of Northumbria, i. 150, 152, 153
+
+  Sixtus V., Pope, iv. 353
+
+  Skeffington, Lord Deputy in Ireland, iii. 328
+
+  Skelton, John, iii. 273; iv. 43
+
+  Slanning, Sir Nicholas, vi. 6
+
+  Slave-trade
+    at Bristol, i. 250;
+    negro, its beginning, iv. 283;
+    in the eighteenth century, viii. 52;
+    proposals for its abolition, _ib._, 79;
+    abolished, 178, 179
+
+  Slavery
+    in Old England, i. 16, 17;
+    dies out, 321, 322
+
+  Sluys, sea-fight off, ii. 228
+
+  Smerwick, slaughter of its garrison, iv. 316
+
+  Smith, Adam, viii. 73
+
+  Smith, John, settler of Virginia, v. 307
+
+  Smith, Sir Sidney, viii. 141
+
+  Smithfield,
+    Priory of St. Bartholomew at, i. 223;
+    Archbishop Boniface's visitation of, ii. 32
+
+  Smollett, Tobias, vii. 297
+
+  Snowdon, Lords of, ii. 53
+
+  Solway Moss, battle of, iv. 25
+
+  Somers, John, vii. 46;
+    member of the Junto, 85;
+    Lord Keeper, 88;
+    retires, 98;
+    impeached, 105;
+    arranges the Union with Scotland, 128;
+    President of the Council, 133;
+      of the Royal Society, vi. 166;
+    death, vii. 182
+
+  Somerset
+    conquered by West Saxons, i. 90;
+    rises against William I., 168;
+    lead-mines in, 30
+
+  Somerset, John Beaufort, Earl of, (Marquis of Dorset), iii. 7
+
+  Somerset, John Beaufort, first Duke of, iii. 59
+
+  Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, second Duke of (_see_ Beaufort),
+    Regent of France, iii. 62;
+    recalled, 67;
+    arrested, 68;
+    released, _ib._;
+    captain of Calais, 69;
+    committed to the Tower, 71, 72;
+      released, 72;
+    slain, 74
+
+  Somerset, Henry Beaufort, third Duke of, iii. 78, 80, 126
+
+  Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, fourth Duke of, iii. 140, 143-145
+
+  Somerset, Robert Carr, Earl of (_see_ Rochester), v. 193, 204-207
+
+  Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of (_see_ Hertford), iv. 46;
+    Protector, 47;
+    his policy, 48, 53, 54;
+    relations with Scotland, 52;
+    victory at Pinkie Cleugh, 513;
+    revolts against, 55;
+    his misrule, 56;
+    fall, 57;
+    beheaded, 65
+
+  Somerset, Charles Seymour, sixth Duke of, vii. 21, 146
+
+  Somerset, Frances, Countess of. _See_ Howard
+
+  Somerset, Margaret, Duchess of, iii. 161
+
+  Somerton captured by AEthelbald, i. 91
+
+  Somerville, plotter, iv. 350
+
+  Soranzo's _Despatches_, iv. 3
+
+  Sophia, Electress of Hanover, vii. 103, 144
+
+  Soult, Marshal, viii. 188, 200, 202
+
+  Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, first Earl of (_see_ Wriothesley),
+      iv. 47
+
+  Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of, v. 41, 43
+
+  Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, fourth Earl of, vi. 193, 244
+
+  South-Engle, i. 37, 119
+
+  Southey, Robert, viii. 135
+
+  South-folk, i. 42
+
+  South-Saxons, kingdom of, i. 34
+
+  South Sea Bubble, vii. 192
+
+  Southwark
+    burnt by William the Conqueror, i. 165;
+    Bishop Beaufort's palace at, attacked, iii. 44
+
+  Spain,
+    its relations with Aquitaine and France, ii. 281, 282;
+    Edward III.'s policy in, 282, 283, 287;
+    its growth under Ferdinand and Isabel, iii. 186;
+    its greatness under Philip II., iv. 325-327;
+    possessions in the New World, 329;
+    ruin of its power, 366;
+    its relations with James I., v. 212-214, 226, 227, 230-233;
+    decline, vi. 113, 190;
+    Cromwell's war with, 117;
+    relations with Charles II., 187;
+      with Lewis XIV., 249, 250;
+    joins the Grand Alliance, vii. 49;
+    dispute for the succession in, 90, 92-94, 98, 99;
+    English descent on, 118;
+    Peterborough's campaign in, 126;
+    attempts to regain its lost possessions, 186-188;
+    end of the succession quarrel, 188;
+    relations with Austria, 199, 200;
+      with France, 213-216;
+    efforts to regain monopoly of trade in America, 216, 217;
+    war with England, 219, 306;
+    cedes Florida, 307;
+    league with France and America, viii. 30;
+    mastered by Napoleon, 185;
+    rises against him, 186;
+    Wellesley's campaigns in, 187, 188, 199, 200;
+    the French driven from, 202
+
+  Speed's _Chronicle_, v. 4
+
+  Spencer, George John, second Earl, viii. 104, 156
+
+  Spenser, Edmund, v. 11-19
+
+  Spice Islands conquered by England, viii. 112
+
+  Spinola, Ambrogio, v. 219, 220
+
+  Spires, Diet of, iv. 19
+
+  _Sports, Book of_, v. 296
+
+  Spottiswood, Archbishop of St. Andrews, v. 326
+
+  Sprigge's _Anglia Rediviva_, v. 73
+
+  Spurs, battle of the, iii. 210
+
+  Stafford fortified by AEthelflaed, i. 118
+
+  Stafford, William Howard, Viscount, vi. 321
+
+  Stafford, Henry, iii. 166
+
+  Stafford, Sir Humphrey, iii. 66
+
+  Stafford, Thomas, iv. 107
+
+  Stair, John Dalrymple, second Earl of, vii. 229
+
+  Stamford,
+    one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;
+    submits to Eadward the Elder, 119
+
+  Stamford Bridge, battle of, i. 162
+
+  Stamford, Henry Grey, first Earl of, vi. 5
+
+  Standard,
+    battle of the, i. 217;
+    Harold's, at Senlac, 163, 164;
+    of Wessex, the Golden Dragon, 96, 163
+
+  Stanhope, James, first Earl, vii. 182, 190, 192
+
+  Stanley, Thomas, Lord, iii. 171, 172
+
+  Stanley, Sir William, iii. 172
+
+  Staple, Gild of the, ii. 304;
+    reform of, under Richard II., 355
+
+  Star-Chamber, Court of, i. 256; ii. 112; iii. 178;
+    regulates the Press, iv. 343;
+    developement under Charles I., v. 278;
+    Laud's use of, 329;
+    its civil jurisdiction abolished by Long Parliament, 363
+
+  States-General, the French, viii. 83;
+    become a National Assembly, 86
+
+  Statutes
+    substituted for Ordinances, ii. 298, 299;
+    Petitions changed into, iii. 90;
+    of Apparel, 65;
+    of Appeals, 302;
+    of Occasional Conformity, vii. 123;
+      repealed, 184:
+    Conventicle, vi. 220;
+    Corporation, 207;
+    Declaratory, vii. 338;
+    of Economical Reform, viii. 64. 76;
+    of First-fruits, iii. 302, 304;
+    Five Mile, vi. 229;
+    of Grace, vii. 69;
+    Habeas Corpus, vi. 305, 306;
+      suspended, vii. 184; viii. 105, 113;
+    of Heresy, iii. 4, 5;
+      repealed, iv. 61;
+      re-enacted, 89;
+    of Indemnity and Oblivion, vi. 194, 196, 204;
+    of Kilkenny, ii. 377;
+    of Labourers, 255;
+      attempts to enforce, 289, 313;
+      demand for their repeal, iii. 65;
+    of Libel, viii. 92;
+    of Liveries, iii. 118, 177;
+    of Maintenance, ii. 355; iii. 105;
+    of Merchants, ii. 122;
+    Mutiny, vii. 61, 62;
+    of Mortmain, ii. 118, 119;
+    Navigation, vi. 86; vii. 310;
+    Poor Laws, iv. 276, 277;
+    Poynings', iii. 181;
+      repealed, viii. 37, 39;
+    of Praemunire, ii. 274, 355;
+    of Provisors, 273, 275, 355;
+    "Quia Emptores," 124, 151;
+    "de Religiosis," 118;
+    of Rights, vii. 60;
+    Schism, 143;
+      repealed, 184;
+    of Security, 129;
+    Septennial, 185;
+    of Settlement, 103, 127;
+    Stamp, 326, 327;
+      American resistance to, 330;
+      Pitt and Shelburne demand its repeal, 331;
+      repealed, 338;
+    of Succession, iii. 317; iv. 45, 67;
+    of Supremacy, iii. 305; iv. 157;
+    Test, iv. 215, 273, 308; vi. 273;
+      James II.'s endeavours to procure its repeal, vii. 22, 23;
+    Toleration, 64;
+    of Treason, ii. 292; iii. 314, 319;
+    Triennial, v. 352; vii. 88;
+    of Union with Scotland, 128;
+    of Union with Ireland, viii. 139;
+    of Uniformity, iv. 159; vi. 208;
+    of Uses, ii. 355;
+    of Wales, 121;
+    of Westminster, the first, 103;
+      second, 122;
+      third, 124;
+    of Winchester, 122;
+    against Witchcraft, v. 105, 106
+
+  Steam-engine, invention of the, viii. 57-59
+
+  Steel Yard, the, iv. 282
+
+  Steele, Richard, vii. 158
+
+  Steinkirk, battle of, vii. 79
+
+  Stephen of Blois, i. 214;
+    chosen king, 215;
+    crowned, 216;
+    his charter, _ib._;
+    revolts against him, 216, 217;
+    quarrel with the Church, 218, 219;
+    struggle with Matilda, 219, 220;
+    proposes to crown his son, 226;
+    treaty with Henry, 227;
+    death, 228
+
+  Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 161, 187
+
+  Stillingfleet, Edmund, vi. 252; vii. 19
+
+  Stirling,
+    battle of, ii. 168;
+    surrenders to Edward, 171;
+    invested by Bruce, 191;
+    Lords of the Congregation muster at, iv. 245
+
+  Stoke, battle of, iii. 176
+
+  Stokes, Peter, ii. 340
+
+  Stow, battle of, vi. 42
+
+  Stowe's _Chronicle_, v. 4
+
+  Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of (_see_ Wentworth),
+    his war policy, v. 340-342;
+    impeached, 350;
+    trial, 356;
+    attainder, 357;
+    death, 361
+
+  Stralsund, siege of, v. 274
+
+  Strassburg seized by Lewis XIV., vi. 335
+
+  Stratford-on-Avon, Shakspere's home at, v. 28, 41, 46
+
+  Stratford-le-Bow, Protestant martyrs at, iv. 144
+
+  Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 232
+
+  Strathclyde,
+    its struggle with AEthelfrith, i. 60;
+    submits to Eadward the Elder, 119
+
+  Streoneshealh. _See_ Whitby
+
+  Strickland, member of Parliament in 1571, iv. 292
+
+  Strode, one of the "five members," v. 373
+
+  Strongbow. _See_ Clare, Richard of
+
+  Strype's historical collections, iii. 84; iv. 3, 4
+
+  Stuart, Arabella, v. 121
+
+  Stuart, Charles Edward, vii. 227-230
+
+  Stuart, Esme. _See_ Lennox
+
+  Stuart, James Francis, son of James II., vii. 34, 35;
+    known as the "Old Pretender," 103;
+    acknowledged as king by Lewis XIV., 106;
+    attainted, 107;
+    withdraws to Lorraine, 143;
+    plans a rising in Scotland, 183;
+    proclaimed as "James VIII." at Edinburgh, 228
+
+  Stuart, Lord James, Prior of St. Andrews, iv. 114, 199.
+    _See_ Murray
+
+  Stuarts, the,
+    their work in Scotland, v. 125, 126;
+    their lack of sympathy with England, 148, 149
+
+  Stubbs, John, iv. 337, 338
+
+  Stukely, Sir Thomas, iv. 315
+
+  Suchet, General, viii. 191
+
+  Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 320, 323
+
+  Suffolk, Charles Brandon, Duke of,
+    his campaign in France, iii. 247;
+    policy at home, 270, 277;
+    President of the Council, 286;
+    marriage, iv. 46, 69
+
+  Suffolk, Frances Grey, Duchess of, iv. 69
+
+  Suffolk, Henry Grey, Duke of, iv. 65, 69, 82, 84
+
+  Suffolk, Thomas Howard, first Earl of, v. 191, 204
+
+  Suffolk, Michael de la Pole, Earl of. _See_ Pole
+
+  Suffolk, William de la Pole, Earl of, iii. 59, 61-63
+
+  Sunderland, Robert Spencer, second Earl of, vi. 301;
+    opposes the Exclusion, 307, 310;
+      urges Charles II. to yield to it, 319, 321;
+    relations with Charles, vii. 2;
+      with James II., 12;
+    betrays James to William, 37;
+    urges the calling of a Parliament, 39;
+    dismissed, 40;
+    character, 82;
+    his ministerial system, 83, 84, 98
+
+  Sunderland, Charles Spencer, third Earl of,
+    ambassador at Vienna, vii. 125;
+    Secretary of State, 131;
+    his policy, 132;
+    dismissed, 139;
+    in the Stanhope ministry, 190
+
+  Surajah Dowlah, vii. 261, 262
+
+  Surrey, rising in, iii. 64
+
+  Surrey, Thomas Holland, Duke of (Earl of Kent), iii. 7, 8
+
+  Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of, iv. 42-45
+
+  Surrey, Thomas Howard, second Earl of, iii. 210.
+    _See_ Norfolk
+
+  Surrey, Thomas Howard, third Earl of, iii. 244, 248.
+    _See_ Norfolk
+
+  Surrey, Earls of. _See_ Warenne
+
+  Sussex
+    accepts Wulfhere's overlordship, i. 85;
+    conquered by Ine, 90;
+    rising in, iii. 64;
+    Protestant martyrs in, iv. 96;
+    ironworks in, iv. 279.
+    _See_ South Saxons
+
+  Sussex, Thomas Ratcliffe, third Earl of, iv. 111, 240, 241, 269
+
+  Swan, Edward I.'s vow on the, ii. 95, 173, 174
+
+  Sweden united under King Eric, i. 128
+
+  Swein I., king of Denmark, i. 140-143
+
+  Swein II., Estrithson, king of Denmark, i. 167
+
+  Swein, son of Earl Godwine, i. 150, 151, 152
+
+  Swereford, Alexander de, ii. 43
+
+  Swift, Jonathan, vi. 158; vii. 138
+
+  Swineshead, abbey of, i. 356
+
+  Swinford, Catherine, ii. 369; iii. 59
+
+  Sydenham, Thomas, vi. 166
+
+
+  Table, the Round,
+    legends of, i. 247;
+    of Edward I., ii. 95;
+    of Edward III., 249, 290
+
+  "Tables," the, v. 331, 333
+
+  Taillebourg, battle of, ii. 35
+
+  Taillefer, i. 163
+
+  Tailors' gild at Exeter, i. 318
+
+  Talavera, battle of, viii. 188
+
+  Talbot, John, Lord, iii. 56, 63.
+    _See_ Shrewsbury
+
+  Taliesin, ii. 53, 57
+
+  Tallard, Marshal, vii. 120
+
+  Talleyrand, Maurice de, viii. 206
+
+  Tamworth fortified by AEthelflaed, i. 118
+
+  Tancred, king of Sicily, i. 260
+
+  Tangier
+    ceded to England, vi. 192;
+    English garrison withdrawn from, vii. 4
+
+  Taunton
+    founded by Ine, i. 89;
+    Blake's defence of, vi. 78;
+    Monmouth at, vii. 9
+
+  Taxation
+    under the Norman kings, ii. 104;
+    under Richard I., i. 264, 350;
+    under John, 330, 322, 351;
+    regulated by Great Charter, 351; ii. 105, 145;
+    under Edward III., 291;
+    Wolsey's plans of, iii. 245, 246;
+    character under Elizabeth, iv. 233;
+    Parliament regains control over, vii. 60, 61;
+    during the French war, viii. 114, 137;
+    arbitrary, abolished, v. 352;
+    indirect, its introduction and growth, ii. 105;
+    of personal property, i. 257; ii. 105;
+    of boroughs, 152, 153;
+    of wool, 107;
+    of America, schemes for, vii. 311, 326; viii. 3, 4, 14;
+    papal, of the clergy, ii. 42
+
+  Taylor, Jeremy, vi. 134-137, 326
+
+  Taylor, Rowland, iv. 92-94
+
+  Teignmouth burnt by the French, vii. 76
+
+  Temple, Richard Grenville, second Earl, vii. 250, 304, 328, 339
+
+  Temple, Sir Peter, v. 323
+
+  Temple, Sir William,
+    ambassador at Brussels, vi. 227;
+    at the Hague, 249;
+    Secretary of State, 301;
+    reorganizes the council, 302-304;
+    opposes the Exclusion, 307, 311;
+    retires from politics, 315;
+    assents to the Exclusion, 319;
+    his _Memoirs_, 157
+
+  Tenchebray, battle of, i. 202
+
+  Testament, the New, Erasmus's edition of, iii. 213, 215
+
+  Tewkesbury, battle of, iii. 144, 145
+
+  Thames entered by northmen, i. 116
+
+  Thanes, gild of, at Canterbury, i. 299
+
+  Thanet,
+    Jutes land in, i. 31, 32;
+    Augustine lands in, 57, 58
+
+  Thanet, Thomas Tufton, sixth Earl of, vii. 23
+
+  Theatre, first public, in London, v. 22
+
+  Thegns, i. 50-52;
+    of the royal household, 132
+
+  Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 223;
+    legate, 225;
+    his policy, 226, 227;
+    study of law in his court, 283;
+    retires from politics, 232;
+    dies, 234
+
+  Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 81, 83, 84;
+    his school at Canterbury, 92
+
+  Theology, revived study of, in thirteenth century, ii. 13, 14
+
+  "Theow," the, i. 322
+
+  Thirty Years' War, its beginning, v. 217, 219;
+    its end, vi. 113
+
+  Thomas of Canterbury, St. _See_ Beket
+
+  "Thorough," Stafford's, v. 292
+
+  Throckmorton, Sir Nicholas, iv. 175
+
+  Thurlow's _State Papers_, v. 73
+
+  Thurstan, Archbishop of York, i. 217
+
+  Ticonderoga, Fort, vii. 244, 266, 267
+
+  Tilbury, muster at, iv. 357, 359
+
+  Tillotson, John, vi. 169, 252; vii. 19;
+    Archbishop of Canterbury, 65
+
+  Tilly, Count, v. 232
+
+  Tilsit, peace of, viii. 175
+
+  Tin,
+    export of, from Cornwall, iv. 279;
+    mines, i. 30; ii. 107
+
+  Tippermuir, battle of, vi. 23
+
+  Tippoo, Sultan of Mysore, viii. 131, 140
+
+  Tithes, introduction of, i. 84
+
+  Tithing, i. 322
+
+  Titus Livius, his _Gesta Henrici V._, ii. 179; iii. 41
+
+  Tone, Wolfe, viii. 120
+
+  Torbay, William of Orange lands at, vii. 40
+
+  Torgau, battle of, vii. 302
+
+  "Tories,"
+    origin of the name, vi. 315;
+    their policy in 1689, vii. 45, 46;
+    attack Marlborough, 138;
+    their helplessness, 166, 167;
+    withdraw from politics, 167, 168;
+    return, 299;
+    oppose the abolition of the slave-trade, viii. 179;
+    govern during the war with Napoleon, _ib._, 180
+
+  Torres Vedras, Wellington's defence of, viii. 190
+
+  Torrington, Arthur Herbert, Earl of. _See_ Herbert
+
+  Tortulf the Forester, i. 209
+
+  Tostig, Earl of Northumbria, 153, 160-162
+
+  Toulon, revolt of, viii. 109
+
+  Toulouse,
+    battle of, viii. 202;
+    war of, i. 233, 234
+
+  Touraine
+    conquered by the Angevins, i. 212;
+    by Philip Augustus, 269;
+    ceded to France, ii. 63
+
+  Tournaments under Edward III., ii. 251
+
+  Tournay besieged by Edward III., ii. 228
+
+  Tours
+    won by Geoffry Martel, i. 212;
+      by Philip Augustus, 258;
+    council of, 235
+
+  Tourville, Admiral, vii. 75, 78
+
+  Towns, English,
+    their origin, i. 294, 295;
+    early constitution, 296;
+    common lands, _ib._;
+    relation to their lords, _ib._, 297;
+    administration of justice in, 297, 313;
+    emancipation, 300-302;
+    struggle of classes in, 315-318;
+    their liberties secured by Great Charter, 352;
+    settlement of Friars in, ii. 10, 11;
+    support Simon de Montfort, 68, 69;
+    represented in county court, 73;
+    representatives of, summoned to Parliament, _ib._;
+    taxation of, 152, 153;
+    forced labour in, 257;
+    strikes and combinations in, 267;
+    support the House of York, iii. 76;
+    restriction of franchise in, 99-101;
+    Charles II.'s dealings with, vii. 3.
+    _See_ Boroughs
+
+  Townshend, Charles, second Viscount,
+    Secretary of State and Prime Minister, vii. 182, 189;
+    resigns, 190;
+    returns to office, 191;
+    Secretary again under Walpole, 193;
+    turned out, 203
+
+  Townshend, Charles, vii. 247;
+    takes office under Pitt, 250;
+    deserts him, 303;
+    President of Board of Trade, 310;
+    refuses office under Grenville, 315;
+    accepts it again under Chatham, 341;
+    Chancellor of the Exchequer, viii. 3;
+    death, 4
+
+  Townshend's _Journal of Parliamentary Proceedings_, iv. 5
+
+  Township, the Old English, i. 11
+
+  Towton, battle of, iii. 79, 80
+
+  Trade, English,
+    under Eadgar, i. 138;
+    growth after Norman Conquest, 177;
+    regulated by Great Charter, 352;
+    under Edward I., ii. 106, 107, 122;
+    Richard's II.'s care for, 355;
+    increase in fifteenth century, iii. 106;
+    Edward's IV.'s laws for protection of, _ib._;
+    growth under Richard III., iv. 282;
+      under Henry VII., _ib._;
+      under Elizabeth, 279-283; v. 77;
+    struggle of the Commons for its freedom, 57, 58;
+    Parliament gains control over, vii. 63;
+    foreign, regulated by Statute of Staples, ii. 292;
+    extension under Charles I., v. 281;
+    effects of the Continental System on, viii. 177;
+    effect of the American embargo on, 183;
+    growth during the French war, 194;
+    with English colonies in America, monopoly of, vii. 195, 241;
+    with India, vii. 232;
+    with Spanish America, 192, 216;
+    Board of, established, 89.
+    _See_ Iron, Tin, Wool, Slave
+
+  Trade and Plantations, Board for, vii. 240
+
+  Trade-gilds, i. 316-318
+
+  Trafalgar, battle of, viii. 173
+
+  "Trail-bastons," ii. 116
+
+  Treasurer, the,
+    origin of his office, i. 132;
+    right of appointing, claimed for Great Council, ii. 38
+
+  Treaties, commercial,
+    with Florence, iv. 282;
+    with France, viii. 79
+
+  Trent, Council of, iv. 32, 35, 36;
+    dispersed, 51;
+    reassembles, 64;
+    breaks up again, 65;
+    reassembled again, 192
+
+  Tresham, Francis, v. 159
+
+  Tresilian, Chief-Justice, ii. 353
+
+  Trevanion, Sir John, vi. 6
+
+  Trevisa, John of, ii. 357
+
+  Trichinopoly, Clive's relief of, vii. 235
+
+  Triploe Heath, meeting of the army at, vi. 52
+
+  Tristram,
+    story of, i. 247;
+    rimes of, ii. 360
+
+  Trivet's _Annals_, i. 274
+
+  Trokelowe's _Annals_, ii. 177
+
+  Tromp, Martin, vi. 86, 88, 115
+
+  Tromp, Cornelius, vi. 277
+
+  Troyes, treaty of, iii. 35
+
+  Trussel, Sir William, ii. 199
+
+  Tudor, Edmund. _See_ Richmond
+
+  Tudor, Henry. _See_ Henry VII.
+
+  Tudor, Jasper, Earl of Pembroke, iii. 132, 143, 165
+
+  Tudor, Owen, iii. 165
+
+  "Tulchan-bishops," v. 137
+
+  "Tun," the, i. 11, 295
+
+  Tunstall, Cuthbert, iii. 256
+
+  Turenne, Marshal, vi. 124
+
+  Turgot, annalist of Durham, i. 243
+
+  Turin, siege of, vii. 131
+
+  Turkey, schemes for its partition, viii. 161, 162
+
+  Turks capture Constantinople, iii. 189
+
+  Turner, Sir James, v. 73
+
+  Tyburn, Roger Mortimer beheaded at, ii. 207
+
+  Tyler, Walter, ii. 319, 321, 323
+
+  Tyndale, William, iii. 258, 259
+
+  Tyrconnell, Richard Talbot, first Earl and Duke of, vii. 17, 55-57
+
+  Tyrone, rising in, v. 62
+
+  Tyrone, Con O'Neill, first Earl of, iv. 110, 240
+
+
+  Udall, John, iv. 343
+
+  Ulm, capitulation of, viii. 173
+
+  Ulster,
+    John de Courcy in, ii. 374;
+    rising in, under Hugh O'Neill, v. 61, 62;
+    colonization of, 288, 289
+
+  Universities,
+    rise of, i. 282;
+    their cosmopolitan spirit, 290;
+    democratic constitution, 291;
+    relations with the Church, 292, 293;
+    Friars at, ii. 13;
+    revival of theology at, _ib._, 14;
+    English, their decline during Wars of the Roses, iii. 98;
+    the New Learning at, 201, 202;
+    Henry VIII.'s appeal to, 291, 292;
+    decline under Edward VI., iv. 62;
+    James II.'s dealings with, vii. 24-26
+
+  Urban V., Pope, ii. 275
+
+  Uriconium burnt by the West Saxons, i. 38
+
+  Usher, Archbishop of Armagh, v. 290, 353; vi. 199
+
+  Utrecht,
+    treaty of, vii. 141;
+    Union of, iv. 312
+
+  Uxbridge, negotiations at, vi. 38
+
+
+  Vacarius, i. 283, 285
+
+  Valence, Aymer de, Bishop of Winchester, ii. 33
+
+  Valence, Aymer de, Earl of Pembroke, ii. 174, 183
+
+  Valence, William de, Earl of Pembroke, ii. 33
+
+  Val-es-Dunes, battle of, i. 158
+
+  Valois, Charles of, ii. 208
+
+  Vane, Sir Harry, the elder, vi. 102
+
+  Vane, Sir Harry (the younger),
+    leader of the Independents, v. 354; vi. 45;
+    negotiates with Scotland, 14, 108;
+    opposes ordinance against heresy, 60;
+    re-creates a navy, 78;
+    his policy, 86, 89;
+    attacks the Protectorate, 148;
+    exempted from pardon, 195;
+    executed, 204
+
+  Vannes, Henry of Lancaster sails from, ii. 373
+
+  Varangians, i. 167
+
+  Varaville, battle of, i. 158
+
+  Vassy, massacre of Protestants at, iv. 208
+
+  Vaudois, massacre of, vi. 123
+
+  Vendome, Louis Joseph, Duke of, vii. 134
+
+  Venner, leader of Fifth-Monarchy men, vi. 182
+
+  Verden, quarrel about, vii. 188, 189
+
+  Vere, Robert de (third Earl of Oxford), i. 343
+
+  Vere, Robert de (ninth Earl of Oxford), ii. 350, 351, 353;
+    Duke of Ireland, 377
+
+  Vere, Sir Horace, v. 219
+
+  Vergil, Polydore, ii. 180
+
+  Verneuil, battle of, iii. 39
+
+  Verney, Sir Edmund, v. 369
+
+  Verney, Sir Ralph, v. 72
+
+  Vernon, Admiral, vii. 219, 221
+
+  Vervins, treaty of, v. 60, 62
+
+  Vesci, Eustace de, i, 335, 347
+
+  Vienne, John de, ii. 349
+
+  Village, the English, i. 10, 11;
+    its organization after the Norman Conquest, 322
+
+  Villars, Marshal, vii. 134
+
+  Villenage
+    unknown in Kent, ii. 320;
+    demand for its abolition in the eastern counties, 321;
+    dies out, 333; iii. 65
+
+  Villeneuve, Admiral, viii. 172
+
+  Villeins, i. 133, 321-323;
+    their relations with the lord, 323-325;
+    rise into yeomen, ii. 240, 241;
+    attempts to check their enfranchisement, 256, 257, 266, 267, 335;
+    revolt of, _see_ Peasant Revolt
+
+  Villeroy, Duke of, vii. 125, 126
+
+  Villiers, George, v. 207-210.
+    _See_ Buckingham
+
+  Vimiera, battle of, viii. 187
+
+  Vinegar Hill, battle of, viii. 130
+
+  Virginia discovered, iv. 345;
+    settled, v. 307, 308;
+    heads resistance to the Stamp Act, vii. 330;
+    remonstrates against taxation, viii. 14;
+    adheres to England, 20
+
+  Vitoria, battle of, viii. 202
+
+  Voltaire, his visit to England, vii. 152
+
+  Volunteers, the Irish, viii. 37
+
+
+  Wace, i. 174, 247
+
+  Wake, Baldwin, ii. 84, 86
+
+  Wakefield, battle of, iii. 78
+
+  Walcourt, skirmish at, vii. 50
+
+  Walcheren, English expedition to, viii. 188
+
+  Walden, Roger, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 371
+
+  Wales,
+    sources of its early history, i. 7;
+    its struggle with Mercia, ii. 46;
+    subject to the West Saxon kings, _ib._;
+    Harold's campaign in, i. 153, ii. 47;
+      William I.'s, i. 189, ii. 47;
+      William II.'s, i. 198, ii. 48;
+    Henry I.'s dealings with, 48;
+    Henry II.'s campaigns in, i. 232; ii. 53, 54;
+    Gerald de Barri's account of, i. 245, 274;
+    John's campaigns in, ii. 54, 55;
+    national revival in, 49-58;
+    Edward's first campaign in, 59;
+    outbreaks in, 65, 66;
+    Edward I.'s annexations in, 109;
+    conquest of, 119-121;
+    incorporated with England, 121;
+    revolts, 142, 143; iii. 9-12;
+    students from, at Oxford, i. 291;
+    Council of, v. 168.
+    _See_ Welsh
+
+  Walker, Obadiah, vii. 25
+
+  Wall, the Roman, i. 30
+
+  Wallace, William, ii. 167-169, 171
+
+  Wallenstein, v. 274
+
+  Waller, Edmund, vi. 325
+
+  Waller, Sir William,
+    defeated at Lansdowne Hill and Roundway Down, vi. 6;
+    his reception by the Parliament, 13;
+    joins Essex, 18, 19;
+    defeated at Cropredy bridge, 22;
+    retires, 35
+
+  Wallingford, treaty of, i. 227
+
+  Wallington, Nehemiah, v. 72, 73, 94
+
+  Wallis, Dr. John, vi. 132
+
+  Wallis, Captain, vii. 277
+
+  Walloons, fugitive Protestant, in England, iv. 51, 58
+
+  Walpole, Robert, vii. 134;
+    his temper, 178;
+    policy, 179-181;
+    in the Townshend ministry, 182;
+    resigns, 190;
+    defeats the Peerage Bill, 191;
+    returns to office, _ib._;
+    head of the Government, 192, 193;
+    his peace policy, 193, 194;
+    finance, 195, 196;
+    his policy of inaction, 197;
+    towards Catholics and Nonconformists, 198;
+    relations with George II., 200;
+    Excise Bill, 195, 201-203;
+    his jealousy of his colleagues, 203;
+    strives to avoid war, 215, 217;
+    loss of his power, 218;
+    consents to war with Spain, _ib._;
+    plans of alliance with Russia and Prussia, 220;
+    fall, 222;
+    rejects the project for an American Excise, 241
+
+  Walsingham, Sir Francis, iv. 119; v. 63
+
+  Walsingham's _History_, i. 274; ii. 177, 179; iii. 98
+
+  Walter of Coutances, Archbishop of Rouen, i. 260, 261, 266
+
+  Walter of Coventry, i. 273
+
+  Walters, Lucy, vi. 176
+
+  Walworth, William, ii. 312, 323
+
+  Wanborough, battle of, i. 90
+
+  Warbeck, Perkin, iii. 180, 181, 184, 185, 187
+
+  Ward, Dr. Seth, vi. 132
+
+  Wareham, northmen encamp at, i. 106
+
+  Warenne, William, sixth Earl of, i. 345
+
+  Warenne and Surrey, John, seventh Earl of, ii. 117
+
+  Warenne and Surrey, John, eighth Earl of, ii. 162, 168
+
+  Warham, William, Archbishop of Canterbury,
+    his patronage of the New Learning, iii. 196-198;
+    protects Colet, 204;
+    helps Erasmus, 212, 215;
+    the seals offered to, 289;
+    death, 303
+
+  Warner's _Albion's England_, v. 35
+
+  Warwick, Guy Beauchamp, second Earl of, ii. 187, 190
+
+  Warwick, Thomas Beauchamp, fourth Earl of, ii. 353, 370, 371
+
+  Warwick, John Dudley, Earl of (_see_ Lisle), iv. 47;
+    puts down revolt in Norfolk, 56;
+    Protector, 57.
+    _See_ Northumberland
+
+  Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of, iii. 73, 75;
+    defeated at St. Albans, 79;
+    victor at Towton, _ib._, 80;
+    his greatness, 112, 113, 118;
+    character, 114, 115;
+    policy, 119, 122;
+    negotiations with Lewis XI., 123, 124;
+    rivalry with the Woodvilles, 127;
+    mission to France, 129;
+    estranged from Edward, 131;
+    submits to him, 132;
+    intrigues with Clarence, 133;
+    revolts, 134, 135;
+    repulsed from Calais, 135;
+    difficulties with Burgundy, 136;
+    alliance with the Lancastrians, 137;
+    lands at Dartmouth, 138;
+    restores Henry VI., 139;
+    slain, 142
+
+  Warwick, Edward Plantagenet, Earl of, iii. 175, 187
+
+  Warwick, Robert Rich, second Earl of,
+    resists a forced loan, v. 255;
+    plans to emigrate, 319;
+    put in command of the fleet, 378
+
+  Warwick, Sir Philip, v. 72
+
+  Washington, George,
+    his attack on Duquesne, vii. 243;
+      takes it, 266;
+    his influence in Virginia, viii. 15;
+    his character, 21, 22;
+    his defence of Boston, 23;
+    evacuates New York, etc., 24;
+    his campaign of 1777, 25;
+    forces Cornwallis to surrender, 32
+
+  Washington city burnt by the English, viii. 204
+
+  "Water-beggars," the, iv. 298
+
+  Waterford besieged by Cromwell, vi. 77
+
+  Waterloo, battle of, viii. 208-211
+
+  Watling Street, i. 120
+
+  Watt, James, viii. 58
+
+  _Waverley, Annals of_, i. 273
+
+  Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester, iii. 66
+
+  Weald, iron-mines in the, ii. 107
+
+  Wearmouth,
+    Benedict Biscop's abbey at, i. 91, 92;
+    plundered by northmen, 101
+
+  Weavers,
+    gild of, i. 317;
+    Flemish, in England under Edward III., ii. 226
+
+  Wedmore, Peace of, i. 107
+
+  Weights, uniformity of, enacted by Great Charter, i. 352
+
+  Welles, Sir Robert, iii. 135
+
+  Wellesley, Sir Arthur,
+    his campaigns in Spain and Portugal, viii. 186, 188.
+    _See_ Wellington
+
+  Wellesley, Richard, Marquis (_see_ Mornington), viii. 140;
+    his devotion to Pitt, 71;
+    words on Pitt's death, 174;
+    Foreign Secretary, 189
+
+  Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, first Viscount and Duke of (_see_
+      Wellesley),
+    his campaigns in Spain and Portugal, viii. 190, 191, 199, 200, 202;
+    enters France, 202;
+    campaign in Belgium, 207-211
+
+  Welsh, the,
+    defeated by Cenwealh, i. 87;
+    by Offa, 97;
+    league with Scots and Cumbrians against AEthelstan, 119;
+    rise against AEthelred II., 139;
+    subdued by Harold, 153; ii. 47;
+    rise against William I., i. 167;
+      against John, 333, 334; ii. 55;
+    national revival, 49-58;
+    ravage Shropshire, iii. 19;
+    Oxford students join Owen Glyndwr, 11;
+    North, tributary to AEthelstan, i. 119, 120;
+    West, become vassals of AEthelstan, i. 120;
+    driven from Exeter, _ib._
+    _See_ Britons, Wales
+
+  Welwood's _Memoirs_, vi. 158
+
+  Wendover, Roger of, i. 273; ii. 43
+
+  Wentworth, Paul, iv. 238
+
+  Wentworth, Peter, v. 56
+
+  Wentworth, Thomas,
+    member for Yorkshire, v. 195, 260, 282-284;
+    policy and character, 285-287;
+    Deputy in Ireland, 290;
+    his rule there, 290-292, 364, 365;
+    returns, 338.
+    _See_ Strafford
+
+  Wenzel of Bohemia, king of the Romans, ii. 348
+
+  Wesley, Charles, vii. 207
+
+  Wesley, John, vii. 207-210
+
+  Wessex,
+    its power under Ceawlin and Cuthwulf, i. 56;
+      fall, _ib._;
+    attacked by Eadwine, 63;
+      subdued, 64;
+    greatness under Ine, 89, 90;
+    civil strife in, 90;
+    subject to Mercia, _ib._, 91;
+    rises against AEthelbald, 96;
+    anarchy in, 97;
+    greatness under Ecgberht, 102;
+    attacked by northmen, 103, 105, 106;
+    revival under AElfred, 107, 112, 113;
+    submits to Swein, 143;
+      to Cnut, _ib._;
+    its Golden Dragon standard, 96, 163;
+    earldom of, 146.
+    _See_ West Saxons
+
+  Westfold, Harald of, i. 128
+
+  West Indian Company, vi. 223
+
+  West Indies, English conquests in, vii. 307
+
+  Westminster, Eadward the Confessor's abbey at, i. 149;
+    rebuilt by Henry III. ii. 25;
+    completed under Edward I., 106;
+    William I. crowned at, i. 166;
+    the Scotch coronation stone removed to, ii. 162;
+    refounded by Mary, iv. 106;
+    Henry VII.'s chapel in, iii. 174;
+    Assembly of Divines at, vi. 30;
+    Caxton's press at, iii. 156;
+    chapel of St. Stephen at, ii. 290;
+    Chaucer's home at, 366;
+    the Jerusalem Chamber at, iii. 25;
+    Parliament fixed at, ii. 158;
+    Provisions of, 62;
+    Statutes of, 103, 122, 124
+
+  "Westminster, Matthew of," ii. 43
+
+  Westmoreland, Ralph Neville, first Earl of, iii. 14, 18
+
+  Westmoreland, Ralph Neville, fourth Earl of, iii. 323
+
+  Westmoreland, Henry Neville, fifth Earl of, iv. 162
+
+  Westmoreland, Charles Neville, sixth Earl of, iv. 268, 269
+
+  Weston, Lord Treasurer, v. 265;
+    Earl of Portland, 276;
+    revives monopolies, 279;
+    success of his financial measures, 280;
+    death, 315
+
+  Westphalia,
+    kingdom of, viii. 185;
+    treaty of, vi. 113, 187
+
+  West Saxons,
+    foundation of their kingdom, i. 34;
+    defeated by Arthur, _ib._;
+    defeated in a raid upon Chester, 38;
+    take Old Sarum, 37;
+    conquer Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire, _ib._;
+    victory at Deorham, 38, 61;
+    burn Uriconium, 38;
+    driven back across Thames, 85;
+    advance to south-west, 87;
+    defeated at Bensington, 98.
+    _See_ Wessex
+
+  Wexford, massacre at, vi. 77;
+    revolt at, viii. 129
+
+  Wharton, Philip, fourth Lord, v. 343; vi. 288;
+    member of the Junto, viii. 85;
+    Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 133;
+    death, 181
+
+  Whethamstede, Abbot of St. Albans, iii. 40
+
+  "Whiggamore Raid," vi. 62
+
+  "Whigs,"
+    origin of the name, vi. 62, 315;
+    their policy in 1689, vii. 45;
+    struggle with Marlborough and Anne, 132, 133;
+    refuse peace, 136;
+    dismissed from office, 139;
+    invite Marlborough's aid, 145;
+    their relations with the Church, 169;
+      with the Crown, 172, 174;
+      with Parliament, 175, 176;
+    fidelity to the principles of the Revolution, 177;
+    relations with public opinion, 289;
+      with Pitt, 301;
+    the "Old," viii. 104;
+    in Scotland, their outrages, vii. 16
+
+  White, Sir Thomas, iv. 157
+
+  Whitefield, George, vii. 205, 209
+
+  Whitehall built, iii. 236
+
+  Whitelock, Bulstrode, v. 306, 322, 323;
+    his _Memoirs_, 72
+
+  _White Ship_, wreck of the, i. 207, 208
+
+  Whitby (Streoneshealh),
+    Hild's abbey at, i. 77;
+    synod of, 79, 80;
+      its effect on England, 80, 81
+
+  Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 341, 343; v. 58;
+    his Articles, iv. 341, 342; v. 115, 116;
+    Strype's _Life of_, iv. 4
+
+  Whittingham, Dean of Durham, iv. 127
+
+  Wight, Isle of, annexed to Sussex, i. 85
+
+  Wilberforce, William, viii. 48, 52
+
+  Wilfrid, St., i. 79, 92;
+    Eddi's _Life of_, 4
+
+  Wilkes, John, vii. 249;
+    his services to the Constitution, 313;
+    attacks the Government in the _North Briton_, 314, 317, 318;
+    arrested, 318;
+    prosecuted for libel, _ib._;
+    flies to France, _ib._;
+    returned for Middlesex, viii. 5;
+    imprisoned, 6;
+    struggle with the Government, 7;
+    with the House of Commons, _ib._, 8;
+    his proposal for Parliamentary reform, 75
+
+  Wilkins, Dr. John, vi. 132, 166
+
+  William the Conqueror,
+    duke of Normandy, i. 157;
+    visits England, 158;
+    subdues Maine and Britanny, _ib._;
+    his claim on England, 160;
+    lands at Pevensey, 162;
+    exploits at Senlac, 163, 164;
+    chosen king, 165;
+    crowned, 166;
+    returns to Normandy, 167;
+    risings against him, _ib._, 168;
+    his vengeance on the north, 168, 169;
+    march on Chester, 169, 179;
+    master of England, 170;
+    receives the Scot king's fealty, _ib._;
+    his character, 178, 179;
+    rule, 179-181;
+    dealings with feudalism, 181-185;
+      with Old English judicial and administrative organization, 185;
+    finance, 186;
+    dealings with the Church, 187, 188;
+      with Wales, 189; ii. 47;
+    suppresses slave-trade at Bristol, i. 250;
+    last war and death, 190
+
+  William the Red,
+    king, i. 191;
+    revolts against him, _ib._, 192;
+    his rule, 192;
+    dealings with the barons, 193;
+      with the Church, _ib._;
+      with Anselm, 196;
+      with Normandy and Scotland, 197;
+      with Wales, 198; ii. 48;
+    death, i. 198
+
+  William III.,
+    Prince of Orange, vi. 225;
+    his youth, 269;
+    repels the French invasion of Holland, 270, 277;
+    his diplomatic success, 277;
+    plans for his marriage, 283;
+    defeated at Cassel, 289;
+    marriage, 290;
+    plans the Grand Alliance, 317;
+    policy in England, _ib._, 318;
+    visits England, 334;
+    shelters Monmouth, vii. 8;
+    forbidden to visit England, 12;
+    relations with James II., 26-28;
+    invited to England, 35;
+    his preparations, 37;
+    lands at Torbay, 40;
+    his advance, 42;
+    enters London, 44;
+    calls a Convention, _ib._;
+    declines to be Regent, 46;
+    the Crown offered to, 47;
+      he accepts it, 48;
+    his foreign aims, _ib._;
+    dealings with Scotland, 51;
+    signs the warrant for the massacre of Glencoe, 53;
+    relations with Parliament, 62, 63, 66, 69;
+    campaign in Ireland, 71;
+    goes to Flanders, 76;
+    defeated at Steinkirk, 79;
+    struggle with the Commons, 81, 82;
+    treaty with Lewis, 90, 91;
+    policy as to the Spanish succession, 92, 93;
+    his unpopularity, 95;
+    forced to send home his Dutch guards, 97;
+    forms a new Grand Alliance, 107;
+    his relations with Marlborough and Anne, 110;
+    death, 112
+
+  William the AEtheling, i. 207
+
+  William the Lion, king of Scots, i. 255, 259; ii. 134
+
+  William Longsword, duke of Normandy, i. 155
+
+  William, son of Robert of Normandy, i. 203, 208, 213, 214
+
+  William of Jumieges, i. 6
+
+  William of the Long Beard, i. 319, 320
+
+  Williams, Bishop of Lincoln, v. 255, 353, 371
+
+  Williams, Roger, v. 312, 313
+
+  Willis, Thomas, vi. 166
+
+  Willoughby, Hugh, iv. 282; v. 9
+
+  Wiltshire, rising in, iii. 67
+
+  Wiltshire, Thomas Boleyn, Earl of, iii. 291.
+    _See_ Boleyn
+
+  Wiltshire, William Scrope, Earl of, iii. 18
+
+  Winceby, skirmish at, vi. 33
+
+  Winchelsey, Archbishop of Canterbury,
+    opposes Edward I., ii. 163, 165, 170;
+    head of the "Ordainers," 188
+
+  Winchester
+    surrendered to William the Conqueror, i. 165;
+    welcomes Stephen, 215;
+    battle at, 220;
+    pillaged by the younger Simon de Montfort, ii. 82;
+    marriage of Philip and Mary at, iv. 86;
+    AElfred's abbey at, i. 113;
+    Wykeham's college at, ii. 307;
+    the royal hoard at, 180, 188;
+    Parliament at, ii. 66, 80, 82
+
+  Winchester, William Paulet, first marquis of, iv. 65
+
+  Winchester, John Paulet, fifth marquis of, vi. 42
+
+  Winchester, Charles Paulet, sixth marquis of, vii. 37
+
+  Windebank, Secretary of State, v. 351
+
+  Windham, William, viii. 104, 156, 171
+
+  Windsor Castle
+    seized by John, i. 261;
+    surrendered by Edward to the barons, ii. 67;
+    rebuilt by Edward III., 252
+
+  Winter, Admiral De, viii. 127
+
+  Winthrop, John, v. 311, 313
+
+  Winwaed, battle of, i. 72, 73
+
+  Wippedsfleet, battle of, i. 33
+
+  Wishart, George, iv. 112
+
+  Witchcraft,
+    belief in, v. 105;
+    statute against, 105, 106;
+    Puritan action against, 106, 107
+
+  Witenagemot, the, i. 19, 132, 134, 135
+
+  Wither, George, v. 303
+
+  Witt, John de, vi. 242, 249, 268, 269
+
+  Wolsey, Thomas,
+    his rise, iii. 230;
+    policy, 231;
+    greatness, 236;
+    his industry, 237;
+    legate, 238;
+    negotiations with Francis and Charles, 240, 243;
+    hopes of the Papacy, 240, 241, 249;
+    revives benevolences, 244, 251;
+    demands a forced loan, 244;
+    struggle with the Commons, 245;
+      with the clergy, 246;
+    his power shaken, 253;
+    attitude towards Lutheranism, 261, 263;
+    founds Cardinal College, 202, 263;
+    action in the king's divorce, 269, 270;
+    embassy to France, 271;
+    negotiations with the Pope, _ib._, 272;
+    his unpopularity, 273;
+    commissioner for the divorce, 272;
+    his fall, 279, 280;
+    suppresses monasteries, 311;
+    arrested, 292;
+    death, 293;
+    Cavendish's _Life of_, 83
+
+  Woodstock, Edmund, earl of, ii. 293
+
+  Woodstock, Thomas of, ii. 293.
+    _See_ Gloucester
+
+  Woodville, Elizabeth, wife of Edward IV., iii. 124, 167, 168, 171, 176
+
+  Woodville, Sir Richard, iii. 124.
+    _See_ Rivers
+
+  Woodward, John, vi. 167
+
+  Wool,
+    grants of, by Parliament to the king, ii. 230;
+    taxation of, 107, 164, 298;
+    trade in, under Edward I., 107;
+      under Edward III., 226;
+        monopolized by him, 229;
+    in the eighteenth century, viii. 53
+
+  Woolsack, the Lord Chancellor's, ii. 226
+
+  Worcester,
+    rising at, under Harthacnut, i. 148;
+    threatened by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 18
+
+  Worcester, Thomas Percy, earl of, iii. 13, 14
+
+  Worcester, John Tiptoft, earl of, iii. 162
+
+  Worcester, William of, ii. 179; iii. 40
+
+  Worcestershire, salt springs in, ii. 107
+
+  Wordsworth, William, viii. 135
+
+  Worms,
+    diet at, iii. 254;
+    Tyndale at, 260
+
+  Worsted trade, iv. 279
+
+  Wriothesley, Lord Chancellor, iv. 46.
+    _See_ Southampton
+
+  Wulfhere, king of Mercia, i. 78, 85-87
+
+  Wulfstan, St., bishop of Worcester, i. 192, 250
+
+  Wulfstan explores the coast of Esthonia, i. 113
+
+  Wurmser, General, viii. 123
+
+  Wyatt, Sir Thomas, the elder, iv. 42
+
+  Wyatt, Sir Thomas, the younger, iv. 82, 84, 85
+
+  Wycherly, William, vi. 157, 163
+
+  Wyclif, John, ii. 275-277;
+    his treatise _De Dominio Divino_, 278, 279;
+    commissioner for negotiations with the Pope, 303;
+    his denunciation of Church property, 308, 309;
+    summoned to trial for heresy, 309, 310;
+    his "Simple Priests," 317;
+    denies Transubstantiation, 337;
+    condemned at Oxford, _ib._;
+      at Blackfriars, 339;
+    his English tracts, 338, 356;
+    petition to king and Parliament, 342;
+    his _Fasciculi Zizamorum_, 178;
+    _Trias_, _ib._;
+    his Bible, 178, 343;
+    cited to Rome, 343;
+    death, 344
+
+  Wykeham, William of, bishop of Winchester, ii. 302, 305, 307-309
+
+  Wykes's _Chronicle_, i. 274
+
+  Wyndham, Sir William, vii. 168, 184
+
+  Wolfe, General, vii. 267, 268
+
+
+  Yeoman, the English, ii. 240, 241
+
+  Yonge's (Walter) _Diary_, v. 71
+
+  York,
+    capital of Roman Britain, i. 36;
+    occupied by William I., 167;
+    stormed by rebels, 168;
+    massacre of Jews at, ii. 129;
+    provincial council at, 120;
+    Parliament at, 195;
+    held for Elizabeth by Lord Sussex, iv. 269;
+    Charles I. at, v. 337, 378;
+    besieged by Manchester, Fairfax, and Leven, vi. 18;
+    surrenders, 22;
+    its common pastures, i. 296;
+    school at, 91;
+    six shires of, 295;
+    four wards, 296
+
+  York, Edmund of Langley, Duke of (_see_ Cambridge),
+    supports Richard II., ii. 370;
+    regent, 379
+
+  York, Edward, duke of (_see_ Albemarle, Rutland), iii. 15
+
+  York, Frederick, duke of, viii. 108, 110, 140
+
+  York, Richard, duke of (_see_ Cambridge), iii. 30;
+    Regent of France, 56, 57;
+    recalled, 60;
+    sent to Ireland, 62, 63;
+      returns, 67;
+    struggle with Henry VI., 68-70;
+    Protector of the Realm, 72;
+    marriage, 73;
+    rises in arms, _ib._;
+    Protector again, 74;
+    raises his standard at Ludlow, _ib._;
+    flies to Ireland, 75;
+    victory at Northampton, _ib._;
+    his claims to the crown, 75-77;
+    slain, 78
+
+  York House (Whitehall) built, iii. 236
+
+  Yorkshire,
+    Pilgrimage of Grace in, iii. 322;
+    rise of manufactures in, v. 281
+
+  York Town, Cornwallis's surrender at, viii. 32
+
+  Young, member for Bristol in 1450, iii. 68
+
+
+  Zaragoza, siege of, viii. 187
+
+  Zorndorf, battle of, vii. 263
+
+  _Zuerich Letters_, the, iv. 4
+
+  Zutphen, battle of, iv. 349
+
+
+_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+
+This is the index for the 8 volume set of History of the English People.
+It was included at the end of Volume VIII in the original. For ease in
+accessibility, it has been removed and produced as a separate volume.
+
+Words in italics in the original are surrounded by _underscores_.
+
+The following corrections have been made to the text:
+
+     Page 213: AEthelflaed{original has AEtheflaed}, Lady of the
+     Mercians
+
+     Page 222: under the entry, Burgundy, Philip III., withdraws
+     his troops from siege of Orleans{original has Orleans}
+
+     Page 237: under the entry, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII.,
+     Parliament refuses to oust her from the succession{original
+     has sucession}
+
+     Page 244: Gilbert, William, discovers terrestrial{original has
+     terrestial} magnetism
+
+     Page 282: Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley{original has
+     Wroithesley}, fourth Earl of
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the English People, Index, by
+John Richard Green
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDEX OF ENGLISH HISTORY ***
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #25533 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/25533)