diff options
Diffstat (limited to '25293-8.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 25293-8.txt | 2850 |
1 files changed, 2850 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/25293-8.txt b/25293-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5741e12 --- /dev/null +++ b/25293-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2850 @@ +Project Gutenberg's The Kirk on Rutgers Farm, by Frederick Brückbauer + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Kirk on Rutgers Farm + +Author: Frederick Brückbauer + +Illustrator: Pauline Stone + +Release Date: May 2, 2008 [EBook #25293] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE KIRK ON RUTGERS FARM *** + + + + +Produced by David Garcia and The Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + + +The Kirk on Rutgers Farm + + + + +[Illustration: Church of the Sea and Land] + + + + +THE + +KIRK + +on + +Rutgers Farm + +_By_ + +Frederick Brückbauer + +_Illustrated by_ + +Pauline Stone + +NEW YORK +Fleming H Revell Company +1919 + +[Blank Page] + + +_To the +Men and Women +who gave +that the old church +might remain at +Market and Henry Streets_ + + +[Blank Page] + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + +It is evident that the preparation of this volume has been a labor +of love. + +Of the sanctuary which, for one hundred years, has stood on the corner +of Market and Henry Streets, the author, like many others who have put +their lives into it, might well say: + + "Thy saints take pleasure in her stones, + Her very dust to them is dear." + +The story of "The Kirk on Rutgers Farm" is one of pathetic interest. In +its first half-century it sheltered a worshipping congregation of staid +Knickerbocker type, which, tho blest with a ministry of extraordinary +ability and spiritual power, succumbed to its unfriendly environment and +perished. + +In its second half-century it became the home of a flock of God, poor in +this world's goods, but rich in faith, to whom the environment even when +changing from bad to worse, was a challenge to faith and valiant service. +Those of us who in our unwisdom said a generation ago that it ought to +die judged after the outward appearance. Those who protested that it +must not die, took counsel with the spirit that animated them, saw the +invisible and against hope believed in hope. + +Not the least impressive pages of this book are the pages which record +the names of ministers and other toilers for Christ, who in this field +of heroic achievement have lived to serve or have died in service. + +The author has very skilfully concealed his personal connection with the +history of which he might justly say: "Magna pars fui." But for his wise +and winsome leadership the chronicle would have closed a quarter of a +century ago. + +By putting in form and preserving the memories which cluster about the +Church of the Sea and Land, he is performing a real service to the +Christian community and earning the gratitude of fellow-laborers to whom +it has been a shrine of their heart's devotion. + +George Alexander. + + + + +ILLUSTRATIONS + + + The Kirk on Rutgers Farm Frontispiece + + _Page_ + Henry Rutgers 12 + The Rutgers Mansion 15 + Rutgers Tablet 17 + Nathan Hale Statue 19 + First Presidential Mansion 20 + Tablet in Church Vestibule 22 + Philip Milledoler 23 + North Dutch Church 24 + Isaac Ferris 28 + Organ 29 + Old Lecture Room Pulpit 30 + Theodore L. Cuyler at Market Street 34 + Theodore L. Cuyler later 35 + Pew 41 + Bell 46 + Sailors' Home 50 + 52 Market Street 51 + Hanson K. Corning 52 + Edward Hopper 56 + Communion Service 58 + Christian A. Borella 61 + Andrew Beattie 68 + Old Sunday School Room 69 + Alexander W. Sproull 71 + Col. Robert G. Shaw 72 + Kindergarten 73 + Old Church Flag 78 + John Hopkins Denison 81 + Tower Study 82 + 52 Henry Street 83 + Fresh Air Children 84 + New Church Flag 87 + John Denham 91 + Old 61 Henry Street 94 + New 61 Henry Street 95 + Staten Island House when bought 96 + Staten Island House renovated 97 + Kitchen for Cooking Classes 99 + Pulpit 104 + Back of Pulpit 107 + + + + +I + + +If there be one thing certain about New York it is that nothing remains +unchanged. Not only do public works like the bridges change the face of +things, but private activity effaces great structures to build up still +greater ones. This march of progress is as relentless as a modern army, +levelling all before it. + +In other lands churches have been spared tho other buildings went down, +but even these in New York have disappeared, whole districts being +deliberately deserted because churches were no longer able to maintain +themselves there financially. This is especially true of the great +down-town section of Manhattan, the Old New York, in which only two +churches remain that have stood unchanged for a century. Trinity church +let old St. John's go, and sixty churches have disappeared in forty +years on the lower East Side alone. We lose much when old landmarks go, +when we can not make history more vivid for our children by pointing out +where the great men of another day worshipt, men of a day when other +public assemblies were rare, and the church was the center that radiated +influence. The old building is of value because of the living beings +associated with it that were the life of the community. + +New York has hardly appreciated what its great families have meant for +it in the past. The members of the Rutgers family, for instance, always +had a noble share in the day and generation in which they lived. Their +ancestor came over in the early days from Holland, spent some time about +Albany, and then came to New York, branching out till Rutgers bouweries +and Rutgers breweries were found in more than one place. + +A Rutgers was on the jury in the great Zenger trial that establisht +the freedom of the colonial press,--"the germ of American freedom." +The Rutgers were Sons of Liberty and the Rutgers farm near Golden Hill +was one of their meeting places. A Rutgers was a member of the New York +Provincial Congress and also of the Stamp Act Congress. Alexander +Hamilton was engaged in a famous case when a Rutgers defended herself +against a Tory who had taken possession of her property during the +Revolution. + +It was a Rutgers who drained the marshes west of the old Collect Pond +and so laid the foundations for the Lispenard fortunes: a Lispenard +married a fair daughter of his neighbor Rutgers. That stream still runs +into the Broadway Subway at Canal Street apparently uncontrollable. + +One Rutgers fell in the Battle of Long Island, and while the old father +died in Albany, the British revenged themselves on the younger brother +by making a hospital of his fine house in New York. The owner kept on +fighting for freedom during the whole Revolutionary War, distinguishing +himself at White Plains. + +[Illustration: Henry Rutgers] + +This was Henry Rutgers, in whom culminated many of the finest +characteristics of a noble ancestry. His breadth of view in an age not +quite so broad, is well shown in his attitude towards churches and +schools. When he decided to open up his farm in the Seventh Ward for +building purposes he gave land at Oliver and Henry Streets, at Market +and Henry Streets and at Rutgers and Henry Streets for churches, and +there was more for the asking, tho only the Baptists, the Dutch Reformed +and the Presbyterians took advantage of the offer. The Rutgers Street +site became the birthplace of the Rutgers Presbyterian church, beginning +May 13, 1798, in a frame building 36×64. In 1841 the present stone +church was built, and in 1862, as did others, this organization moved +uptown. A Mr. Briggs, who was holding the property for a Protestant +denomination, finally tired of waiting and sold the building to the +Roman Catholic church, in whose hands it remains. + +In 1806 Rutgers gave the land for the second free school, and he +succeeded Governor Clinton in 1828 as president of the Free School +Society. Before that day education was not a state matter, but left to +private enterprise, and the free schools then establisht were for the +poor. Rutgers more than once paid salaries and other school bills out +of his own pocket. He was a Regent of the University of the State of +New York for twenty-four years, and a Trustee of Princeton. + +Rutgers was not above mixing in with the political life of his time: he +was a member of the legislature four times and took a prominent part in +the election of Thomas Jefferson as President of the United States. + +In 1811 he raised funds for the first Tammany Hall, then a benevolent +organization. + +During the War of 1812, Rutgers presided at a large mass meeting calling +for the defense of New York when the port was blockaded and it seemed as +if the British would attack it. He was a large contributor to the fund +from which forts were hurriedly erected to keep the enemy out. + +Rutgers was a member of a committee of correspondence formed in 1819 to +check slavery. He lived to see the day, in 1827, when slavery was +abolisht in New York State. + +His services to the Dutch church and his munificence brought about a +change of name of the college at New Brunswick from Queens to Rutgers +College. It is true the sum given was only $5,000 and Rutgers was one of +the richest men in New York. In our day when only billions seem to count +we may well hark back to the days of simpler things. + +For many years Henry Rutgers gave a cake and a book to every boy who +called on him on New Year's Day. The children gathered about his door +and he made an address "of a religious character." + +[Illustration: Rutgers Mansion] + +Colonel Rutgers lived in "a large, superbly furnished mansion," on +Rutgers Place, "for many years a capitol of fashion, where met all the +leaders of the day." Here was given "the most notable reception of the +time to General Washington and Colonel Willett," after the latter's +return from his mission to the Creek Indians, the most powerful +confederacy then on our borders. Here, also, in 1824, Lafayette was +entertained "like a prince," so the great Frenchman said. + +The house was built in 1755 by the Colonel's father, with brick brought +from Holland. It stood on Monroe Street till 1865. But it was none too +fine for the owner to give his fences for firewood one hard winter when +fuel was scarce and trees in the streets were cut down to burn. Next +summer the Rutgers orchard was said to have been safer than if the fence +had been there. + +"The well-beloved citizen" died February 17, 1830, in the mansion in +which he had lived nearly eighty years. On February 28, a great memorial +service was held in the Market Street church. Dr. McMurray, the pastor, +whose tablet is opposite that of Rutgers in the church, preached the +sermon, which was printed later, speaking of his "unimpeachable moral +character, his uniform consistency," and saying that there was "scarcely +a benevolent object or humane institution which he had not liberally +assisted." Colonel Rutgers spent one-fourth of his income in charity, +many of his benevolences being personal, gifts not only of money, but +advice and sympathy. + +[Illustration: Rutgers Tablet] + +Rutgers was a bachelor and on his death the bulk of his estate, over +$900,000, went to the grandson of his sister Catherine, William B. +Crosby. "Uncle Rutgers" had virtually adopted the boy when early left an +orphan. Among the provisions of the Rutgers will was one that bespoke +the testator: Hannah, a superannuated negress, was to be supported by +the estate for the rest of her life. This while slavery was still legal +in 1823. + +William B. Crosby was a colonel in the War of 1812. He died March 18, +1865. A son of his was Howard Crosby, more than a generation ago one +of the best-known preachers of New York, a man great physically and +spiritually. He was moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly and +one of the revisers of the Bible. He died in 1891. Another Crosby was +in the State Legislature. + +The direct line of the Rutgers family died out, but they were intermarried +with about every prominent family of the city. The daughters were more +numerous than the sons and appear to have had a reputation for good +looks and good works. They were the wives of rectors, bishops, +postmasters, mayors, secretaries of state, judges, and so on. + +On November 25, 1816, Rutgers had deeded five lots for a Dutch Reformed +church. + +The neighborhood in which the Market Street church was to be located was +redolent with historic associations. The British provost marshal hung +Nathan Hale on "an apple tree in the Rutgers orchard," the exact spot +adjoining the church property. Nearby on Cherry Hill, in the Franklin +House, the first President of the United States lived for a time, as did +John Hancock and members of Washington's cabinet on the inauguration of +the Federal Government. + +In the immediate vicinity was the Walton House, referred to in +parliament as so richly furnished that the colonies needed no relief +from taxation. + +[Illustration: Nathan Hale Statue] + +Close by the church lands, on July 27, 1790, Rutgers on his own grounds +paraded the militia before President Washington, Governor Clinton and +visiting Indian chiefs, and thereafter he was Colonel Rutgers. Gilbert +Stuart painted Washington's portrait at that time and it was a prized +possession in the Rutgers mansion. + +Just north on the Bowery was the old Bull's Head Tavern, "the last stop +before entering town." On the evacuation of New York, Washington and his +officers rested here before re-occupying the city. In connection with it +the Astor fortunes were laid, and Astor was not very popular with the +other butchers either, because of his business methods. + +In Cherry Street a hundred years ago a sea captain and his wife made +the first American flag of the present type: thirteen stripes and an +ever-expanding starry field. + +[Illustration: First Presidential Mansion] + +At the foot of Pike Street,--the river then was nearer the church than +now,--Robert Fulton built his first steamboat in 1807, and in May, 1819, +just one hundred years ago, the Savannah docked in the same place, after +the first steamboat trip across the ocean, made in twenty-two days. + +Not quite so pleasant a memory is the fact that Market Street was the +new name for George Street, of not very favorable repute, until the +quiet Quakers built fine little houses there, surrounded by gardens, +driving out denizens of a less sedate disposition. + +A fine story is told of an old lady, who was advised not to go to the +Market Street church because of the neighborhood it was in. She replied +that Colonel Rutgers was going there "and where Colonel Rutgers goes any +lady can go." + +In 1819 wolves were still killed on the "outskirts," that being the +present Gramercy Park. + +After the establishment of the Franklin Street church in 1807, no +further attempt was made by the Dutch church to extend its work until in +1817 the offer made by Henry Rutgers was taken up. About the same time +the Houston Street and Broome Street churches were added. + +[Illustration: Tablet in Church Vestibule] + + +-----------------------------------------------------+ + | FOUNDED _A. D._ 1817, | + | | + | Completed & Dedicated to the Worship | + | of Almighty God, the 27th _day of June | + | A. D._ 1819: | + | | + | _on ground generously presented for the Site of a_ | + | | + | _REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH by | + | Col. HENRY RUTGERS;_ | + | | + | to the Rev. Philip Milledoler, D.D., the Rev. James | + | M. Matthews, Peter Wilson, LL.D., Isaac Heyer, | + | Matthias Bruen, Peter Sharpe, and William | + | B. Crosby, _Trustees_; | + | | + | _Under whose Superintendence it was erected._ | + +-----------------------------------------------------+ + +To make the Market Street building possible Rutgers gave a large sum, +and he named the trustees "under whose superintendence" the building +was to be erected. They were a noble group: + +Rev. Philip Milledoler, D.D.; Rev. James M. Matthews, Peter Wilson, +LL.D.; Isaac Heyer, Matthias Bruen, Peter Sharpe and William B. Crosby. + +Dr. Milledoler was one of the great men of the time. He was born in +Rhinebeck, September 22, 1775, and educated in Edinburgh. He was one of +the founders of the American Bible Society, and Secretary of the Board +of Trustees of the Presbyterian Church. In November, 1803, he became +colleague pastor of the First Collegiate church, and in April, 1809, on +division by Presbytery, sole pastor of the Rutgers Presbyterian church. +He remained here until 1813, when he entered the Reformed Church. He was +president of Rutgers College from 1823 to 1841. + +Rev. James Macfarlane Matthews was professor "in the first theological +seminary of which New York could boast." It was considered Scotch +Presbyterian. + +[Illustration: Philip Milledoler] + +Dr. Peter Wilson was professor of languages in the university, as was +also Isaac Heyer. + +Matthias Bruen was "one of the merchant princes of New York." + +Peter Sharpe was a "whip manufacturer" and William B. Crosby is listed +as "gentleman." + +[Illustration: North Dutch Church] + +Nothing is known of the architect or builder, tho they were probably the +same, as was the fashion of the time. The building was required by the +deed "to be of brick or stone materials, and the whole building of a +size not less than that of the Presbyterian church in Rutgers Street." +A hundred years have proven the substantial character of the Market +Street church. The men of that day did their work well. Whether it was a +simplified copy of the North Dutch church or not is not known. It looks +much like it, tho the tower is simpler and the two rows of windows in the +Fulton Street building become one row of great windows on Henry Street. +But it has all stood the test of time. The old hand-hewn oak timbers +still span the lofty ceiling, the glistening gray stone walls still +stand four-square against all the winds that blow. The hand-made hinges +and numbers are still on the pew doors, and the so-called slave +galleries are still there, tho neither colored servants nor Sunday +school children are consigned to them now. Hidden away, but still there +are the hand-made laths, the shingles under the tin roof and the +four-foot thick foundations. + +The old tower is there, for many years untenanted, until the men came +who worked and lived there, a place of seclusion in a busy time and +neighborhood, and if the symbols on the rough walls have made their +thoughts roam to the early Christian days the telephone brings them back +again into 1919. + +The years have brought some changes; better heating than the first +stoves,--the first coal bill was paid in February, 1832, and a new +furnace cost $150 in 1848; better lighting than in 1819,--they had no +gas till May, 1843,--but there have always been men who studied to +maintain the quiet simplicity and beauty of the house, never more +marked than in the days of its centennial. + +The Reformed Protestant Dutch church in Market Street was "dedicated to +the worship of Almighty God" on June 27, 1819, the Rev. Dr. Milledoler +preaching the sermon. On September 8, 1819, twenty-four members united, +on the 29th more were added, but "on account of the prevailing sickness" +the consistory was not elected until November 10. Henry Rutgers, John +Redfield and Isaac Brinkerhoff were elected elders, and William B. +Crosby, Elbert A. Brinkerhoff and Thomas Morrow were chosen as deacons. +On November 28, 1819, they were ordained. On the day following they met +at the mansion of Colonel Rutgers, when he was chosen president of the +consistory. On January 2, 1821, the property was finally deeded to the +consistory. + +The first minister of the church was William McMurray, D.D., "who with +fidelity and zeal" served from 1820 to May, 1835. + +Dr. McMurray was born of Scotch-Irish parents in Washington in 1783, and +graduated from Union College in 1804, studying theology under the famous +J. M. Mason. He was a great worker, preached three times each Sunday, +conducted catechism classes, and is said to have known nearly everyone +in the Seventh Ward. He contracted typhoid fever, lingered for a while +and died September 24, 1835. + +A Sunday school was started in 1821. + +In 1834 the elders and deacons are recorded as being: Crosby, Hoxie, +Andrews, Doig, Moore, Herrick, Cisco, Montanye, Conover and McCullough, +all famous names. Hoxie and Cisco were wholesale clothing merchants in +Cherry Street then the center for that trade. + +[Illustration: Isaac Ferris] + +In August, 1836, Dr. McMurray was succeeded by Isaac Ferris. He was a +New Yorker, entered Columbia when only fourteen years old, graduated +with first honors and fought in the War of 1812 with his father. The +Sunday school reported 213 pupils at the time of his coming, which +soon increased, for Dr. Ferris paid special attention to the school. +He was president of the New York Sunday School Union and first +president of the Foreign Mission Board of the Dutch Church. The church +had 600 communicants, and was described as "a fashionable church in the +aristocratic Seventh Ward." + +His son, Dr. John Ferris, spent much of his earlier life with his +father. Dr. Isaac Ferris died June 13, 1873. He was tall, broad +shouldered and of commanding presence. + +In 1841 the organ was ordered and finally completed in 1844. It was +built by Henry Erben, of New York, whose son became admiral in the Navy. +Experts tell of the amount of lead used in the construction of its +pipes. It is still pumped by hand as in the olden days. John Pye was +the first man to do this. George Loder was the first organist, and +P. A. Andri the first chorister. + +[Illustration: Organ] + +In 1843, on the land back of the church the "Consistory Building" was +erected. It was a plain brick building with a high stoop and heavy +wooden shutters. The upper floor was for the Sunday school and provided +with circular seats for classes. In an alcove on one side and closed by +glass doors was the library railed off from the rest of the school. On +the main floor was the lecture room, the floor of which rose in the +back. Between the stairways leading to the next floor was a platform +with two heavy Greek columns and a reading desk between them. It was a +bold boy who would run back there thru the dark when the "infant class" +met in the room. The columns were removed in the seventies and later on +the rounded stiff seats went too. Then the floor had to be leveled so +that the room could be put to general use. Before that it was possible +to reach most of the seats only by passing between the "leader" and the +audience. + +[Illustration: Platform in Old Consistory Building] + +In the basement in dingy quarters in the rear lived the sexton. He had +the great improvement of having water brought into the house in June, +1847, by a sixty-foot hose. Six years later the hydrant was put up in +the front church yard, remaining there until quite recently. + +To the right and under the stoop there was a hallway, which later was +changed to the "pastor's study," in which all smaller important meetings +were held. It was in this little room that the session received members +and for many it holds very sacred memories. + +There were no pictures in the building, but later a few mottoes with +Bible texts were hung about. + +In early days a part of the building was rented for use as a school. The +rental was only nominal. At the time of the erection of the consistory +building the sidewalks around the whole property were flagged and the +iron fence erected. + +In 1848 the upper floor was arranged for the Sunday school at a cost of +$500. About 1871 doors were cut thru to the galleries of the church from +the upper floor. For more than twenty years this had been urged. + +John Crosby is recorded as "paying off the church debt of $10,542" in +June, 1852. + +Dr. Ferris left in 1853 to become chancellor of the University of +New York, succeeding his friend, Theodore Frelinghuysen. The first +chancellor had been Dr. Matthews, a trustee of the church, and the +successors of Dr. Ferris were Howard Crosby, John Hall and Henry M. +McCracken. So of six chancellors of the university, four were vitally +interested in the Market Street church. + + + + +II + + +With the coming of Theodore Cuyler a new era opened up for the old +Market Street church. Two years before Dr. Cuyler had spoken at a large +temperance meeting in Tripler Hall, together with General Houston, Henry +Ward Beecher, Horace Mann and other celebrities. It was his first public +address in a city that was to know much of him. + +In 1853 Mr. Cuyler was called and installed by the South Classis of New +York, November 13, 1853. He says that while walking along Henry Street +Judge Hoxie said to Mr. Lyles: "If our young brother will come and work +in the Market Street church we might do something yet." + +Cuyler lived at Pike and Madison Streets and later in Rutgers Street. +His salary was $1,500, advanced later to $2,500. The church building was +painted, and in 1855 a new roof was put on at the expense of the +pewholders. + +Opposite the church on the northeast corner was a large and select +private school. At 11 Market Street later was a smaller one, headed by +a German patriot, whose son-in-law was one of the great generals during +the Rebellion. + +In his address in the church at the Eightieth Anniversary, Dr. Cuyler +called it "fighting the adversary of souls and geography," for even in +Dr. Ferris's time there were indications of waning strength because of +"the continued emigration of the more substantial class of church +members from the down-town districts of the city uptown." + +[Illustration: Cuyler at Market Street] + +But the indefatigable Cuyler postponed the evil day, and for seven years +of intensest activity he remained in Market Street. + +To quote Dr. Cuyler: "I looked around me and saw there were a good many +substantial families that could support a church and East Broadway +swarmed with young men." + +"Here was the lord of the manor, the nephew of Colonel Rutgers, Wm. B. +Crosby. What a devoted Christian he was. His good old gray head moved up +to the pew every Sunday, rain or shine. There was a deacons' pew, and in +the center sat the best-known man in New York, Judge Joseph Hoxie. When +we said the creed and nobody joined he shouted it, and in song his voice +was heard above the choir. There sat Jacob Westervelt, the mayor of New +York, and he boasted that he was the only member of the Dutch Church who +could read a Dutch Bible." + +[Illustration: Theodore Ledyard Cuyler] + +The galleries were packed with young men. One, a young Irish boy, +Robert McBurney, became the great secretary of the Young Men's Christian +Association. Charles Briggs was another young member, and around him +later raged the bitterest theological controversy of the century. + +During the summer of 1854 the service was changed to 4 P. M., 7:30 being +resumed in September. + +In 1855 the seats in the gallery were changed from four rows to three +rows, and the infant school was held in the "scholars' gallery" of the +church. The low seats are still in the second gallery. + +A stove was put in, too, as the heating was not satisfactory. + +In 1855, A. D. Stowell came as Bible class teacher at a salary of $12 +per month. + +Dr. Cuyler rightly referred to it as a busy old hive, for from Market +Street church emanated some of the greatest religious movements of the +century. + +Howard Crosby, son of William B. Crosby, and brought up in the Market +Street church, was the first president of the Young Men's Christian +Association. Cuyler became interested in it the second year of its +existence in New York, and during his long lifetime he never ceased to +work for it. But if the church had done nought else than bring Robert +McBurney to the Association it would have been amply repaid. The master +spirit in the Association for thirty years McBurney's name is written +in golden letters in the city's history. Morris K. Jesup and William +E. Dodge, life-long friends of the church, were early Association +supporters. + +A work typical of Market Street church was the Fulton Street +prayer-meeting, started by Jeremiah C. Lamphier, who sang in the church +choir. Dr. Cuyler credits this with being the first move in the tremendous +revival that from 1856 to 1858 swayed the city, and went on to other +cities, gathering momentum. Cuyler says: "In three or four weeks the +revival so absorbed the city that business men crowded into the churches +from 12 to 3 each day, and when Horace Greeley was asked to start a new +philanthropic enterprise he said: 'The city is so absorbed with this +revival that it has no time for anything else.'" + +Market Street church gathered in 150 new members, and 1859 was one of +the glorious ones in the history of the church. + +Mr. Lamphier died December 26, 1898. + +In the Temperance cause, Dr. Cuyler was also a ceaseless worker. From +1851 to 1857 he was in close alliance with Neal Dow, then at the height +of his fame as a prohibition advocate. + +Another organization that had an earnest supporter in Dr. Cuyler was +the Christian Endeavor Society, tho Cuyler gives all the credit for its +fatherhood to Rev. F. E. Clarke. + +In a day when such things were not common Market Street church got +deeply into matters civic. "The most hideous sink of iniquity and +loathsome degradation was in the then famous Five Points," Baxter, +Worth, Mulberry, Park Streets, not far from the church. An old building, +honeycombed with vaults and secret passages, called the Old Brewery, was +the center of a locality that boldly flouted the police. Indeed, for +years the Old Brewery was a harbor of refuge for any criminal, for the +law never reached him there, nor were the Five Points ever a safe place +to walk thru. At night no one dared be seen there. For some years the +Five Points had played a physical part in the elections, and many a riot +had its inception there. + +Then the city put thru Worth Street, formerly known as Anthony Street, +after a Rutgers, and the Old Brewery Mission was establisht there. Thru +Mrs. Pease, a member of the Market Street church, whose husband was the +brave projector of the Five Points House of Industry, the church became +interested in improving conditions. When Mr. Pease went south, his place +was taken by Benjamin R. Barlow, one of the Market Street elders. + +In his autobiography, Dr. Cuyler tells how he "used to make nocturnal +explorations of some of those satanic quarters" to keep public interest +awake in the mission work at the Five Points. New Yorkers who remember +the House of Industry of thirty years ago and who now look at Mulberry +Bend Park may well thank the old Market Street church that the Cow Bay, +Bandit's Roost, the Old Brewery and Cut Throat Alley are things of the +past, and that the Five Points are known to this later day only as a +name. No second Charles Dickens will cross the ocean to tell us that +"all that is loathsome, drooping and decayed is here." + +[Illustration] + +Few men have been in touch with so many public movements as Dr. Cuyler. +He was the personal friend of statesmen, churchmen, professors, +lecturers, teachers, philanthropists, diplomats, poets and presidents. +And as was the minister so were the people of the Market Street church: +forward in every movement for the betterment of mankind, the coming of +the kingdom. Some of the best families of New York were connected there, +and as fathers bought pews for the sons when they married it was a +family church. These names are frequent: Duryee, Crosby, Mersereau, +Brinkerhoff, Poillon, Zophar Mills, Ludlam, Suydam, Westervelt, Waydell, +Chittenden, Bartlett, McKee, Purdy and a host of others. + +Small wonder that from among men like these great institutions should +come, that the Park Bank and the Nassau Bank should be founded by Market +Street church men. The annual pew rents were $5,000, then a large sum. + +Perhaps it was their very farsightedness that made the people of the +church think of moving uptown. The "brownstone front" was drawing people +northward, and Dr. Cuyler started a movement "to erect a new edifice +on Murray Hill, and to retain the old building in Market Street as an +auxiliary mission chapel." Subscriptions were secured, William E. Dodge +heading the list. But the new site at Park Avenue and Thirty-fifth +Street did not find favor, and many were opposed to the whole project, +so when in 1860 the consistory was to vote the first payment, the whole +enterprise failed by one vote. + +Dr. Cuyler said he would thank the good old man who cast that +vote--Meade was his name--if he ever met him in the other world. He +resigned from Market Street church, his ministry ending April 7, 1860, +and accepted a call from the little Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church +in Brooklyn. His friend, Henry Ward Beecher, did not see how he could +get a congregation there, but after many years of ever-increasing +usefulness Mr. Beecher lived to say to Dr. Cuyler: "You are now in the +center, and I am out on the circumference." + +It was strange that a man of the forceful type of Cuyler should leave +a church because it would not move away, and that thirty years later he +should preach in it, rejoicing in its continuing prosperity. Strange, +too, that Cuyler left the Dutch Church for the Presbyterian, and that +the old building "changed its faith" in like manner. + +Rev. Chauncey D. Murray was the next pastor of the Market Street church, +the classis installing him March 10, 1861, and he was succeeded in 1863 +by Rev. Jacob C. Dutcher. William B. Crosby, of beloved memory, came +forward with very liberal contributions to sustain the church, but the +depletion went on. In Mr. Murray's time another attempt to move uptown +had failed. + +In December, 1859, the courts had already given permission for a sale, +but on condition that another church be built uptown with the proceeds. +This having failed, under a revised order of the court the building was +deeded to Hanson K. Corning in 1866, another congregation having +meanwhile inaugurated services there. + +The old consistory lived on till June 2, 1869, when it held its last +meeting at the home of R. R. Crosby, in Twenty-second Street. A committee +had secured the necessary legal modifications so that the temporalities +could be disposed of. The distribution was as follows: + +To St. Paul's Reformed church on Twenty-first Street, $15,000; $8,000 +to the Prospect Hill Reformed church on Eighty-fifth Street, and about +$18,000 to the Northwest Reformed church on Twenty-third Street. A $500 +United States bond was given by William B. Crosby to the Sunday school +of the Twenty-first Street church. The baptismal font was presented to +St. Paul's church, the splendid communion service to the Prospect Hill +church. All these churches have past out of existence. The organ was +presented to the Church of the Sea and Land; "the property right in the +Henry Rutgers tablet was given to R. R. Crosby; the McMurray tablet to +Henry Rutgers McMurray. A vault in Twenty-second Street was given to the +Prospect Hill church. The bell, now loaned to the Church of the Sea and +Land, was given in a revisionary right to the consistory of the +Collegiate church, in case it ever ceases to ring for a Protestant +church." It still rings undisturbed, tho it has not in the memory of man +swung on its wheel. Only recently has it been given back one of its +earliest powers: it is to ring the alarum if all modern means fail. It +was cast in Troy in 1847, and the committee (Crosby, Conover and Lyles) +spent $365.14 for it. The congregation thought too much of it in 1848 to +allow its use by Engine Company 42 for fire alarms. The books of the +Market Street church were left to the Collegiate church and are now at +New Brunswick. + +[Illustration] + +All this having been done, the president of the consistory, Mahlon T. +Hewitt, handed out the remaining letters of dismissal to D. W. Woodford, +Robert R. Crosby, William Lain, Dr. Veranus Morse, John Van Flick, Henry +Taylor and Albert I. Lyon, and made a formal closing address in which he +offered "a sincere prayer that its old walls may still stand, and that +it may continue to be the birthplace of souls into the kingdom of +Christ." The prayer has been answered. + +Thus ended the Protestant Reformed Dutch church in Market Street after +just fifty years. + + + + +III + + +While the Market Street Reformed Church was fighting its last fight, +a little congregation had come to life in the parlor of a sailor's +boarding house. It was intended chiefly for "seamen and others," the +"others" referring mostly to those who no longer sailed the seas. The +first meeting was held June 7, 1864. Those were the days of sailing +vessels; the New York of the thirties had been the ship building center +of the world, especially from Pike Street up. At every pier sail boats +were moored, coming from all over the world, and as they dismist their +crews on arrival it left the men on shore unoccupied until their meager +wages were gone, when they were crimped for another voyage. Low dance +halls and worse were all along the river front and the sailor was their +prey. The American Seamen's Friend Society sprang into being to improve +the situation, and erected a fine building in Cherry Street, to give the +men surroundings that were clean physically and spiritually. With the +present federal laws for the protection of seamen the condition in the +sixties can hardly be appreciated. + +[Illustration: Sailors' Home] + +Where Fulton had built his first steamboat fifty years before huge +yellow dry-docks now rose. Additional land had been gained so that +Water, Front and South Streets grew out of the river. All along the +river front sailing vessels pushed their bowsprits and gilded +figureheads far over the streets almost into the windows of the +sail-lofts that were numerous along South Street. + +For these men then the Presbytery of New York on December 29, 1864, +at 52 Market Street, organized the Presbyterian Church of the Sea and +Land, with thirty-two members. Dr. Phillips, Rev. Rice and Rev. A. E. +Campbell, and Elders A. B. Conger and A. B. Belknapp, were Presbytery's +Committee, and John Simmons and John H. Cassidy were the first elders. + +Rev. Alexander McGlashan was installed as pastor, February 2, 1865, +serving for a little more than a year. Ill health was the reason for his +leaving. He died in 1867. The deacons were Henry H. Smith and Henry +Harrison; also Philip Halle, who served for only a short time. + +[Illustration: 52 Market Street] + +On December 26, 1865, the following trustees were chosen: John H. +Cassidy, John Simmons, Henry H. Smith, Henry Harrison, David Robb, John +Neal, and Jas. McGlashan. At this time there were 74 members and the +year's receipts were $2,372.67. + +The Sunday school was organized January 1, 1865, 25 being present, soon +growing to 80. It had a library of 400 volumes, costing $122.25. John H. +Cassidy was superintendent and T. M. May secretary. Wm. McCracken was +president of the Temperance Meeting and Joseph W. Cassidy president of +the Band of Hope. + +But the man that was most prominent at this time in the church's history +is never mentioned in the official records. + +[Illustration: Hanson K. Corning] + +Hanson K. Corning was a shipping merchant, who knew from his own +business connections the helpless condition of seamen when in port. + +He was born in 1810 in Hartford. The Cornings conducted a large South +American import business, with offices at 74 South Street. Three +generations were active in it. + +Hanson K. Corning lived in Brazil for a few years, paying special +attention to the rubber business and also acting as United States +Consul. + +On his return to the United States he became a member of the firm, and +the business prospered greatly. Altho Mr. Corning in later life became +an invalid, he went to his South Street office until 1860. Thereafter +he gave his time completely to religious and philanthropic work. + +When, in the early sixties, the decline of the Market Street church +became evident, Mr. Corning conceived the idea of making it a sailors' +church. + +He entered into negotiations with the consistory and on May 1, 1866, he +became owner of the property, paying $36,500 for it. The Church of the +Sea and Land moved into the building about this time. The congregation +occupied the premises rent free, and in October, 1868, the property was +transferred to the Presbytery of New York, to insure greater permanence. +Mr. Corning sold it for $25,000, which meant a gift of some $10,000 from +him, the church itself giving about $1,500. James Lenox contributed +$1,000. + +The deed was a peculiar one, making the Church of the Sea and Land a +third party, and giving it the right of occupancy as long as it was in +ecclesiastical connection with the Presbytery, "or until in the judgment +and by vote of three-fourths of the members present at any regular +meeting of the Presbytery it shall be decided to be no longer expedient +to continue or sustain religious services or missionary work in that +church or locality." + +It was also stated in the deed that all seats should be free, whereas in +the Dutch church the pews were private property except that one-tenth +of the pews were to "be free forever for the use of the poor and of +strangers," and such pews were marked on the doors as free. + +This is why the new church boldly painted "seats free" over the doorway. + +Mr. Corning was a member of the Brick Presbyterian church, to which he +gave considerable sums. He contributed liberally to many objects, but +not indiscriminately, and the mission fields in Brazil, the American +Bible Society and many other organizations were stronger for his +munificence and wise counsel. Mr. Corning died April 22, 1878. A gift +of Mr. Corning that the church still cherishes is its pulpit Bible. + +Mr. Corning's interest in the church that practically was founded by +him has never ceased, for after his death his daughter and son again +became interested, and the third generation is still represented in the +officers of the church and among its givers. + +Rev. S. F. Farmer supplied the pulpit for a little while till John Lyle +was installed June 25, 1867. Next January the session met almost +continuously for the reception of members. The records show that in 1867 +and 1868 133 members were received after examination and 80 by letter. + +In November, 1868, Mr. Lyle was deposed by Presbytery. He died in 1881. + +Edward Hopper came in 1868 and on June 29, 1869, he was installed as +pastor. + +[Illustration: Edward Hopper] + +Mr. Hopper was born on February 17, 1816, graduating from Union Seminary +in 1842. He was pastor at Greenville, N. Y., eight years, at Sag Harbor, +L. I., eleven years. After a short time at Plainfield, N. J., he +accepted the call to New York. In 1871 Lafayette College conferred the +degree of Doctor of Divinity on him. + +Dr. Hopper wrote a number of poems that were publisht in three volumes. +During his Sea and Land ministry he was brought in contact with seamen +and this finds expression in his later works taking character from life +on the sea. Many of his verses have found place in Christian hymnology, +notably such a lyric as "Jesus, Savior, pilot me over life's tempestuous +sea," with that sweet verse "as a mother stills her child Thou canst +hush the ocean wild." Another hymn was "Wrecked and struggling in mid +ocean, clinging to a broken spar." + +During the Civil War Dr. Hopper had written some stirring verses, one on +The Old Flag being especially noted. + +He was of fine literary taste and culture, proud of his Knickerbocker +ancestry. Physically as well as intellectually he was every inch a man, +with his bright eye, fine face and, in later years, a snow-white beard. +Even in his three score years and ten a decline was hardly perceptible +until in the fall of 1887 the companion of his lifetime and partner of +his literary pursuits was taken from him. + +On April 22, 1888, his text was: "Watch, therefore, for ye know neither +the day nor the hour wherein the Son of man cometh." Next day at noon +his niece found him in his study chair, his pencil dropt from his +lifeless hand. Before him was a poem: "Heaven." + +He left to his nieces a rather large estate, consisting principally +of railroad stocks, with legacies for home and foreign missions. His +investments had been made on the advice of his friend, John Taylor +Johnson, the railroad president, who presented to the church the +communion service that was in use for over fifty years. + +[Illustration] + + + + +IV + + +In Dr. Hopper's time the work of the church for seamen reached its +highest development, and that was due to Christian A. Borella. He was a +missionary of the American Seamen's Friend Society for twenty-one years, +stationed at the Sailors' Home in Cherry Street, and surely a man of +God. Borella never came to church or prayer-meeting alone: he always had +men in tow. + +There was an upper room at the Sailors' Home that meant much to many +men, and there Borella did a work that resulted in great acquisitions to +the church. It is true that many "going down to the sea in ships" were +never heard of again, and years afterwards nearly 400 names of seamen +were at one time removed from the roll by the session. But again and +again word came from all parts of the earth and in many languages from +men that called the church blessed. It was only an exemplification of +the wide scope of Sea and Land when a generation later one of its +ministers chanced across one of these men in Western Australia. + +A feature of the prayer-meeting in those days was the reading of these +seamen's letters, giving account of themselves to Borella. They always +stirred the man, who would add words of Christian admonition that lacked +nothing in definiteness. + +He was the right hand of Dr. Hopper, re-wrote records and generally made +himself useful. + +But in his olden days he became restless and as no mission board would +take a man of sixty-four years he went, after Dr. Hopper's death, to +Africa at his own expense. He soon attached himself to Bishop William +Taylor and with his master's certificate ran the missionary boat +_Anne Taylor_ on the Congo. + +Bishop Taylor says of his end: "One Sunday morning we walked together to +a preaching service at Vivi top. Captain Borella was suddenly taken ill +and on my return there Monday morning was very low with fever. On August +12, 1891, he fell asleep in Jesus, and we buried him under a huge baobab +tree at Vivi top." + +[Illustration: Christian A. Borella] + +Physically he was stockily built, well knit and evidently a strong man, +always neat, but exceedingly plain in dress. He was born in Southern +Denmark, of Spanish ancestry. His modest fortune he had made in +California in '49, and his conversion was under Father Taylor when +Borella came under his influence in Boston. It was Father Taylor of whom +Walt Whitman said that he was "the one essentially perfect orator" he +had ever heard. + +After several voyages Borella became "cold and a backslider," and an eye +disease nearly blinded him. "The Lord cured my blindness, physical and +spiritual, and I promist him then that I would serve him the rest of my +life," and he did it with the virility and sternness of an Old Testament +prophet. + +Borella was succeeded by Captain William Dollar, a dear old saint, who +was stationed at the Sailors' Home for twelve years. + +The church's work in these earlier days was simple enough, +prayer-meeting Thursdays, then Wednesdays, and temperance meeting under +McClellan and Campbell on Friday. But on Sunday, besides the two long +church services there was Sunday school, morning and afternoon, and +young people's meeting preceding the evening service. + +When the sailing vessels were still along South Street, meetings were +held on ships as opportunity offered. + +In 1882 the interior of the church was papered and painted by Elder B. +A. Carlan at a cost of less than $1,000. New cushions, carpets, etc., +brought the total up to $1,564. + +The one annual event was the Sunday school excursion, when all went on +board a barge, which was towed by a tug to a grove on the sound or on +the Hudson. Dancing was tabooed, but a "melodeon" was carted to the dock +and hymns were sung. The tickets were fifty cents for adults, but Sunday +school children were free. Robert S. Taylor, veteran secretary, was +chief ticket seller, not only on the dock that morning, but in Wall +Street for weeks before. The president of the Temperance Society once or +twice put in an excursion just ahead of that of the Sunday school, and +there was dancing. But this was generally disapproved. + +Miss Fanny Crosby often came to the Primary in those days and many of +her hymns were first sung there. Mr. Blackwood, her attendant, married +Miss Devlin, the teacher of the class. + +In those days Market and Henry Streets had many two-story and attic +houses and in almost every one of those about the church people lived +who went there. + +Teachers whose names stand out about this time were: Hans Norsk, James +Brown, Thomas Miller, William Stevenson, Evan Price, James Smith, +William Gibson, Robert Pierce, Dr. Theodore A. Vanduzee, Jesse Povey, +Mrs. B. C. Lefler, Mrs. S. M. Nelson. + +The excursions gave rise to a committee of young people who started to +provide amusements other than dancing: swings, songs, and so on. There +came also an "executive committee" that asked many questions, and Dr. +Hopper, in a courteous and kindly way answered them in full: that was +the first report made to the congregation. Till then the annual meeting +had consisted of reading the names of the subscribers who had +contributed by means of the monthly envelopes, and the amounts they +gave. + +But Charles J. Lemaire could not understand why this excursion amusement +committee should not become a permanent organization with literary +purposes. Thus began the Lylian Association that for twenty years was +a mainstay of the church and in its days of dire necessity was a vital +factor. From it came the young men that in later years were trustees, +and it was the opening wedge that was to transform the whole church +work. + +When two of the young men came to the trustees for permission for a +literary society to meet weekly, it was questioned whether anything but +religious meetings might be held in the building. But after serious +reflection the two were made personally responsible for good order, +provided always meetings were opened and closed with prayer. + +In a day when the young people had no outlet whatever for their active +spirits the Lylian Association became a training school for the church. +The debates of that day will never be forgotten, notably when the +Lylians wrested the laurel wreath from the Goldeys at Clarendon Hall, +and that other one, when Dr. Hopper suddenly appeared at a meeting and +after an impromptu debate "showing every evidence of being well +prepared," as he said, some consciences were ill at ease. + +Then there was the Gossip's Journal, provoking endless parliamentary +wrangles, and perhaps helping to develop later on an editor. Memorable +were the Young People's Conventions of 1886 and 1887, and Lylians will +never forget the patriot Kromm, Spoopendyke Shreve, the poet laureate +and a dozen others. The Fourth of July picnics at Pamrapo and Nyack are +happy memories for many. + +Like the old Market Street stoop with its fancy iron posts and rails +the Lylian Association has seen its day, but it amply justified its +existence. + +When one Monday evening Mr. Pinkham, the church treasurer, announced to +the Lylians the sudden death of Dr. Hopper, there was consternation and +adjournment. + +Andrew Beattie, a theological student, had been called before this +as co-pastor. He was installed as pastor May 29, 1888, having been +persuaded to give up his intention of going to the foreign field. Mr. +Beattie lived down town, and his bachelor apartments on East Broadway +were a gathering place for the young men, many of whom were in his Sunday +school class. He with others worked out the system of quarterly written +examination and grading that since 1888 have been uninterruptedly in force +in the Sunday school, long before other schools thought of such things. + +[Illustration: Andrew Beattie] + +The school was flourishing with many young people as officers and +teachers, all the activities of the church being centered on its +nursery. The records were systematized, and articles in the church +papers printed on the system, electric bells were installed, fire +drills were inaugurated, discipline was rigid, visiting by teachers +and districts was carefully regulated, the library given attention. +Mr. Beattie returned to his first love, resigning after eight months +to go to the foreign mission field. After years of greatest usefulness +in Canton, China, his health necessitated his return. Dr. Beattie is +with his family in California, where he is in charge of a Presbyterian +orphanage. + +[Illustration: Sunday School Room of Old 61] + + + + +V + + +[Illustration: Alex. W. Sproull] + +Reverend Alexander W. Sproull followed Mr. Beattie on January 5, 1890, +serving for three years. He had been Synodical Missionary in Florida. +After leaving Sea and Land he was incapacitated for further active +service. He died December 13, 1912. + +[Illustration: Col. Robert G. Shaw] + +Another breach was made in the conservatism of the old church when +one of the young trustees proposed to let the New York Kindergarten +Association use the room rent free for a kindergarten, then new in the +neighborhood. The older, wiser heads were gravely shaken at this +remarkable innovation, but it came on March 31, 1892, and with it the +beloved Anna E. Crawford as teacher. The fairy godmother who maintained +it was Mrs. Francis G. Shaw, giving the kindergarten the name of her +son, Robert Gould Shaw. It was a happy combination this, and the little +boys became strong men in the memory of the young Colonel who gave his +life at Fort Wagner at the head of the First Colored Regiment. They +buried him disdainfully "with his niggers," but Robert Gould Shaw lived +again in the lives of little boys trained to sacrifice at Sea and Land. +Nor will the Colonel's sister be forgotten: Mrs. Charles Russell Lowell, +who gave her young husband in the same cause and thereafter lived a life +that merited William Rhinelander Stewart calling her "one of the most +useful and remarkable women of the Nineteenth Century." Her spirit of +service was renewed in the little girls of the Shaw Kindergarten. The +beautiful bas relief by St. Gaudens on Boston Common is less of a +memorial than the kindergarten in Henry Street. + +Mrs. Shaw died December 29, 1902, having supported the kindergarten for +eleven years. + +[Illustration: Shaw Memorial Kindergarten] + +Another departure was an open air meeting establisht by Mr. Sproull, +gathering at the church door Sunday afternoons. First things are hard +things. + +But a storm was brewing. Uptown churches needed money, their pastors +were influential in the denomination and it seemed to many good business +to dispose of the Market Street church. + +So, on March 13, 1893, Presbytery ordered the church sold, declaring, to +comply with the Corning deed, that "missionary work in the church or in +that locality was no longer expedient." The church pointed out that 29 +of the 57 churches in New York Presbytery had received less members +during the preceding year, 16 churches had fewer members, 14 churches +raised less money, and that 6 churches made a worse showing than Sea and +Land in every single item reported on. There were then only 4 Protestant +churches for 60,000 people. The battle was on, and the bitterness of the +Briggs trial had not yet subsided,--the same Briggs who as a young man +belonged to Market Street church. + +Mr. Sproull's small salary allowance was discontinued and he was forced +to resign, July 1, 1893. Then came hard times, no friends, no minister, +no funds. But when the tale of bricks was doubled Moses came. + +It was in the shape of a legacy from Borella. That saint on his death in +Africa had left his estate in America to the Church of the Sea and Land +and the American Seamen's Friend Society jointly. If Borella had lived +he could not have arranged it for a better time. + +Meanwhile by an accident the press of the city gained the whole story +from the church's viewpoint, and thereafter all the news reports were +tinged favorably to the down-town church that insisted on living. There +were illustrated articles on the church's history, caustic editorial +comments, letters from correspondents, and everybody talked about the +church. The ash barrels and the church doors had bills posted on them +announcing that the Church of the Sea and Land would be sold at auction +on April 19, 1893. The property, however, was withdrawn when the best +offer was $15,000 short of what was expected. There was a lull. + +In the spring of 1894 it became necessary to devise some means of +helping the New York Presbyterian Church on 127th Street, which was +buried by mortgages amounting to $118,000, about to be foreclosed. +Sea and Land was to furnish part of this and a mortgage was suggested. +The church trustees opposed this successfully, altho at first it was +supposed their consent was not required. Without the knowledge of the +church a sale was then again ordered January 18, 1895. + +Preceding this, beginning October 1, 1894, the church had "affiliated" +with the Madison Square Presbyterian church. As Presbytery had formally +approved this the Madison Square church remonstrated vigorously thru Dr. +Parkhurst, but feeling that Presbytery's action could not be relied on +the Madison Square church withdrew at the expiration of its one year of +affiliation. + +Committees of prominent clergymen visited the church and were "warmly" +welcomed. It was suggested that Sea and Land unite with other churches, +but it is a singular fact that, as when the Reformed church disbanded, +so now, not a single church is in existence that was then mentioned for +a refuge. A case in point is the Allen Street Presbyterian church. They +had sold their building near Grand Street and for a time worshipt in the +Market Street church. But in spite of earnest solicitation they erected +an unfortunate structure in an unfortunate location in Forsyth Street. +After a short existence there they united with the Fourteenth Street +church, and that church is no more! + +Even the strong Madison Square church no longer preserves its identity. + +Meanwhile work went on, at first in desultory fashion, two or three +times the young men had to conduct services. But thru it all Dr. A. F. +Schauffler, of the New York City Mission Society, was the church's +consistent friend. His order to the city missionaries at the church to +stay until the doors were shut was the one heartening feature of a time +when the officers ordered the blue church flag raised and "no one from +Sea and Land will ever take it down." + +The Women's Branch always ably seconded these efforts under Mrs. Lucy S. +Bainbridge and later Miss Edith N. White. + +[Illustration: Old Church Flag] + +Instead of slowly dying out the work of the church gained momentum +from day to day: Lodging house meetings, Sunday afternoon teas, free +concerts, addresses by Gompers, McGlynn, Henry George, Parkhurst and +others, sermons "against thugs in politics," and so on. + +A permanent accomplishment of the nine months' intense régime of +Alexander F. Irvine was the starting of _The Sea and Land Monthly_, the +first number of which appeared in October, 1893. With characteristic +impetuosity Mr. Irvine launched it, and it has been afloat for more than +a quarter century. + +The _Monthly_ has been a great storehouse: not only did it give from +month to month the happenings at the church, but it brought to later +generations an appreciation of the goodly heritage of years that had +gone before. + +The vital events in the congregation's history were recorded, but so was +the personal history of its people. The coming of little messengers to +the homes, their baptism, their reception into the church, their +marriage, their death. Then began another cycle like unto the first. + +And the _Monthly_ kept alive the interest of many a Sea and Lander who +was adrift. It gave account of its stewardship to the friends of the +church who supported its work. Few churches ever publish with such detail +the annual reports as does Sea and Land. + +Many are the kind words from near and far that have been said about the +_Sea and Land Monthly_. + + + + +VI + + +[Illustration: John Hopkins Denison] + +But if the Madison Square church withdrew officially it left behind more +than the old church ever expected. It was a young man who, in October, +1894, reported to the Sunday school superintendent as coming from +Madison Square. He was John Hopkins Denison, a grandson of Mark Hopkins, +of fine New England stock. He had come to New York to become Dr. +Parkhurst's assistant when he was making war on Tammany. Those were the +days of the City Vigilance League, when unsavory revelations were +necessary to effect a change in city government. There was a meeting +which crowded the old church to the second galleries when Dr. Parkhurst +spoke. It was a noble battle and not without its dangers. + +So when the Madison Square church went, Mr. Denison staid, and he was +a prodigious worker. The quarters in the tower were enlarged for there +were many visitors who bunked there. + +[Illustration: The Tower Study] + +Mr. Denison set out to prove the right of the church to existence and he +did it. He did more: he brought no end of friends that remained to the +church. The thought of Cuyler to establish a mission, of Parkhurst to +affiliate the church with a stronger one, was developed under Denison +into an organization amply supported by the whole church, working out +by itself its own local problems. It was no longer a self-evident +proposition that a church not able to support itself must go. + +[Illustration: 52 Henry Street] + +One of the early steps was the establishment of a church house at 52 +Henry Street. Mr. Denison said: "It was not an institution--it was not +even a settlement; it was simply a house where people lived. The time +is gone by for men and women to come down as outsiders and pry into the +homes of poverty and sin, and then return to their own life far away. +One must live in a community, one must be a neighbor." + +Mr. John Crosby Brown was the munificent friend who made the house +possible, Miss Mae M. Brown being a deeply interested resident there. +Mrs. Rockwell was in charge, then Miss Eleanor J. Crawford. It was the +center for all social activities, tastefully fitted up, the ladies +working at the church living on the upper floors. In the same house Sea +and Land people had lived for many years: the Stevensons, the Boyces, +Miss McGarry. + +In 1906 the building was torn down and other arrangements had to be +made. For a time apartments were occupied at 138 Henry Street and 51 +Market Street. + +[Illustration] + +The Fresh Air Work, too, was put on a permanent basis. Besides making +the church the local station for the Tribune Fresh Air Fund, houses +were rented at Rockaway for five years, later at Huntington, until in +a more recent time Staten Island property was bought. Later years saw +an extension of this work to Schenectady, where Dr. Bigelow of blessed +memory headed it. + +Under the auspices of William W. Seymour,--of course he was not mayor of +Tacoma then,--the first boys' camp was establisht at North Hero, Vt., and +is still a glorious memory. The girls were welcomed at Litchfield and +Saybrook. + +Not only did money flow in readily, but it was quite the thing for young +ministers and theological students to spend a year, a summer or a winter +at Sea and Land, and they did not study books: they worked on men and +women at all hours. If some wretch got into trouble some one to whom he +was assigned had not been vigilant enough. Before Hoover made a world +reputation for himself, Denison studied food economics, and he proved it +by having the group live on a minimum allowance. Then he preached on +what was economical living. + +The most prominent men spoke in the church: Dr. Paton from the New +Hebrides; Dr. Grenfell from Labrador, Dr. Van Dyke and a hundred others. + +University extension ideas were anticipated in courses of study, the +men of the church were put to work writing independent Sunday school +lessons, the teachers had pedagogical talks and studied Biblical +masterpieces. The girls were taken to sing in Rutgers Square and it +was not always safe to do it either. The Upper Room was establisht in +Rutgers Street, then the Lighthouse in Water Street, a fine stereopticon +was in frequent use. The Men's Club, under George M. Bailey, prospered +like the green bay tree, drawing men of all classes. A design for a +church flag was adopted. Sports were encouraged. Numerous clubs were +organized, among them the Good Time Club, also the Penny Provident and +the Helping Hand. Nursing was taken up; sewing and cooking classes, +model flats and cottage meetings started. Magazine and newspaper +articles commented on unusual sermons, such as the one on the balloons. +Addresses at Northfield, Silver Bay and other places called attention +to the church's work in ever-widening circles, Hamilton House came into +being, but without organic connection with the church. + +[Illustration: New Church Flag] + +In short, Mr. Denison's compelling personality and enormous capacity for +work put others to work, so that in the summer of 1895 9,546 persons +were brought together in the old church in five weeks. + +So men and women came and went, some of them wrote books and magazine +articles about the work with more or less accuracy. Mr. Denison's own +poems were more appreciated by those who knew. + +The force of it all was irresistible, and so the last trace of +opposition in Presbytery and elsewhere disappeared. On November 11, +1895, the sale of the property was called off, and $2,000 a year paid +for three years. Ever since Presbyterians and others have been proud +of the outpost the united church is maintaining at Market and Henry +Streets. It is a happy memory that all of the men who in Presbytery +supported sale resolutions became staunch friends of the church. + +Mr. Denison was not ordained when first he came to Market Street, but +this was done later at Williamstown in the College Chapel. On entering +New York Presbytery his installation as regular pastor of the Church +of the Sea and Land was effected March 23, 1899. + +In 1894 Mrs. Shaw spent considerable money fixing up the lecture room +and in 1896 a new roof was put on the church at an expense of $600. + +Mr. Denison made a tour of the world, being absent from November, 1900, +to October, 1901. + +Among the men working under Mr. Denison was Horace Day, a young +theological student who gave his life after a brief but intense period +of work. + +In Mr. Denison's time, too, falls the best work of Mrs. Eliza E. +Rockwell. She was indefatigable, beloved of many, none too far gone to +merit her attention, nothing too hard to do. She, too, laid down her +life as a sacrifice. Even Mr. Denison's book, "Beside the Bowery," +insufficiently tells the full measure of her devotion for the thirteen +years she was at Sea and Land. Her last message to the trustees was: +"I died in harness." It was on March 14, 1908. + +One of the men of that day was Edward Dowling. As a tinker he wandered +about distributing tracts, speaking the word in truth, and returning +during the winter to be factotum in the tower. In that kindly old soul +few guessed the old fighter in India. Did he really know the place where +priceless treasures were hid beside an old idol? + +One of the men in whom united the Sea and Land of the staid old ways +and the boundless energy of later days was John Denham. He lived to +see the day when the boy in the primary of the school of which he was +superintendent for years sat beside him in the session. He was the +living embodiment of that perennial spirit in the Church of Christ which +ever adjusts itself to new conditions and never loses sight of its main +object. + +Mr. Denham's strong point was with the older people. It was +characteristic to have him read his Bible, quietly take up his hat +nearby and pay a visit. + +When on February 4, 1910, John Denham went home to the Master whom he +had served thru a long life the younger men first felt the burden of +things: the senior elder was no more. He had held open the door of the +church for many a one and they had entered in. + +[Illustration: John Denham] + +Mr. Denison left the church December 31, 1902, to take up work in +Boston. It was a great loss, but as one of the officers said: "What +shall we do when Mr. Denison leaves? Why, what we always do at Sea +and Land: the best we know how." + +Dr. William Adams Brown said: "None know better than the people of Sea +and Land how costly the contribution which they have been called to make +to the spiritual welfare of a sister city." + +It was H. Roswell Bates, who, in the Spring Street Presbyterian church, +worked out Mr. Denison's plans, as he had helped to formulate them at +the old Market Street church while he was resident there. + + + + +VII + + +Mr. Denison was succeeded by his assistant, William Raymond Jelliffe. +They had been close friends, Mr. Jelliffe leaving business and entering +the ministry while at Sea and Land. He was ordained June 7, 1900, having +been at the church since May, 1893. He left December 31, 1905, to join +Mr. Denison in Boston, and later came to the Madison Avenue Presbyterian +church as assistant. Mr. Jelliffe did fundamental work with the Young +People's Society, that has been a staunch support of the church ever +since. + +Rev. Orrin Giddings Cocks next headed the church's work. In his time the +financial affairs of the church were further strengthened and Mr. Cocks +is still an officer of the church which he has served many years. + +Following the custom, Mr. Cocks' assistant, Rev. Russell Stanley +Gregory, next directed the work, being ordained June 25, 1908, and +taking charge at the close of the year. He was at the church ten years. + +[Illustration: Old 61 Henry Street] + +In 1909 the old Consistory Building was torn down. It held precious +memories for many, for in spite of its limitations it had in its 66 +years given a service that had included about everything one could +imagine connected with church work. It had sheltered Sunday school, +Lylians, innumerable clubs, a kindergarten, not to speak of the earlier +days when prayer-meetings, school, temperance and Young Men's Christian +Association meetings exerted an influence that went out far beyond its +narrow walls. Even the stoop that had been worn by many feet, some very +little, had caused a poet to sing. It all went. + +The new building that took its place was splendidly planned by Cady & +Gregory. It houses every activity of a modern church. Club rooms for +girls, boys and men, gymnasium, showers, kitchens, kindergarten rooms, +first-aid rooms, and quarters for the ladies in residence. There is a +roof garden where on hot summer evenings services and other gatherings +may be held. + +[Illustration: New 61 Henry Street] + +The friends of the church came to its assistance in such munificent +manner that not a single contract was made until subscriptions covering +it were in the hands of the trustees, and in every instance the actual +cash was in the treasury before payments came due. When, on May 3, 1910, +the building was opened with appropriate exercises there was a balance +on hand more than sufficient for all claims. It cost $43,000. + +[Illustration: Oakwood House Before Renovation] + +Another important achievement comes in this time. For years the church +had been moving about in rented quarters for fresh air work, finally +landing on Staten Island for several years. An option had been secured +on a house with over eight acres of ground at Oakwood Heights, and after +a year's occupancy that proved its availability, it was bought December +30, 1912, and next year some additional land was acquired, including +ocean front. The funds collected were sufficient to pay for house and +land, as well as a new bungalow and thoro overhauling of the old but +substantial house. As in the case of the new Sixty One all moneys needed +were in hand before they were required. On every occasion the people of +the church themselves have contributed amounts that were sacrifices +considering their limited means. + +[Illustration: Oakwood House] + +The Fresh Air Fund is entirely separate from the General Fund of the +church, and each year the expenses are covered by special subscriptions, +in the collection of which Mr. George C. Fraser and Mrs. Stephen Baker +have greatly interested themselves for many years. In its early days +Miss Helen Gould was one of the good friends of the Fresh Air Fund. + +Mr. Gregory left December 1, 1913, to go to East Aurora, N. Y., and was +succeeded by Rev. John Ewing Steen, who had been ordained at the church +on October 13, 1910. + +In 1917 Mr. Steen left suddenly for France in company with Mr. Gregory +for Young Men's Christian Association work with the army, Mr. Denison +being there also. + +On Mr. Steen's leaving a hurry call brought Mr. Alfred D. Moore back +once more, under whom the preparations for the church's centennial were +taken up in spite of stress of war and inadequate assistance. + +[Illustration: Cooking School Kitchen] + + + + +VIII + + +Work among the cosmopolitan population surrounding the church has had +various phases during these years. + +In Dr. Hopper's time the Scandinavian element among Borella's men +predominated, and there was also a small Syrian group at the church, +but no services in any language but English were maintained. + +Later, home classes in German for the parents of many of the children +were kept up for a number of years. + +Work among the Jews was carried on for several years and with success, +if numbers count. But the methods of the leader were not approved and +so the trustees after investigation discontinued the meetings. Dr. +John Hall, of the Fifth Avenue church, then most prominent, earnestly +supported the man, but in afteryears the correctness of the position +taken by Market Street was abundantly proven. + +Greek services were supported for quite a while, and since 1914 Russian +has been maintained under Mr. Nicholas Motin. + +Italian services have been of all these most successful. Rev. Joseph A. +Villelli, who was ordained June 23, 1910, has managed these with tact +and ability "and the Lord added to the church daily such as should be +saved." A separate Sunday school is maintained, but with the idea of +gradual amalgamation, a process that is also proving its wisdom along +other lines of the church's work. + +The advice and active support of men great in business have for many +years been at the disposal of the church. From the days of Matthias +Bruen, the merchant princes of this great city have been loyal friends, +to mention only Hanson K. Corning, father, daughter, grandson, William +E. Dodge--for three generations,--and John Crosby Brown and his family. + +Along with the sainted Denham should be mentioned Benjamin F. Pinkham, +who for twenty years acted as treasurer of the church. He was a quiet +man, faithful in every duty, averse to discussion. When the Lord called +him home his accounts were in perfect order: a few minutes proved his +balance, a space was left for next Sunday's collection in his book. + +There were sweet singers in Israel, too, who as precentors and choir +leaders have brought out the best there was of tuneful harmony, men like +Henry Carpenter, George T. Matthews, Henry Edwards, Allan Robinson, +William P. Dunn. + +Thru the years some who have cared for the buildings stood out. Charles +Greer in the early days, Evan Price, a sturdy Welshman, who died in +service, Christian C. Pedersen, who returned to the same post years +afterwards. In Mr. Denison's time David J. Ranney served, attaining +later to the dignity of city missionary and an autobiography. John A. +Ross will be remembered for his omniscience as to people and things +about the old church. + +[Illustration] + +So the old Kirk on Rutgers Farm has stood a hundred years. From its +vaulted dome have echoed with no uncertain sound the voices of men like +the scholarly Milledoler or the indefatigable Denison, a hundred leaders +of men whose words and works have swayed the hearts of men. + +Down the broad aisles walked the stately Dutchman, the proud +Knickerbocker, the great merchant, the stolid seaman, the busy New +Yorker,--to go out and by deeds of victory in times of peace and +unflinching loyalty when war's heavy heels trod the land they helped +make a great city greater and a mighty nation mightier still. + +Never has this been a selfish, self-contained organism, but a living, +throbbing influence that went out beyond the shadow of its gray walls, +prodigal in giving to others the good things of the gospel that were +fostered there. Many a church at home and abroad has cause to bless +Market Street for the men and women that she brought up in the nurture +and admonition of the Lord. + +"We are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, a great +multitude, which no man could number." All who have come have felt the +spell of the place, for in its dim seclusion still speak the men of old. +It is peopled with a long procession of saints and sages, mariners and +merchants, scholars and poets, now of the church triumphant: memories +that consecrate the souls of men and banish ignoble thoughts. Here is an +altar sacred to hosts of men and women, the holy of holies of their +noblest aspirations. + +"Mark well her bulwarks, that ye may tell it to the generation +following." As the years roll on children and children's children will +arise and call those blessed whose fidelity thru a century has preserved +for them a holy place where "men still renew their youth." + +[Illustration] + + + + +JESUS, SAVIOR, PILOT ME + + + Jesus, Savior, pilot me, + Over life's tempestuous sea; + Unknown waves before me roll, + Hiding rock and treacherous shoal; + Chart and compass come from Thee, + Jesus, Savior, pilot me. + + When the apostle's fragile bark + Struggled with the billows dark + On the stormy Galilee, + Thou didst walk upon the sea; + And when they beheld Thy form + Safe they glided thru the storm. + + Tho the sea be smooth and bright, + Sparkling with the stars of night, + And my ship's path be ablaze + With the light of halcyon days, + Still I know my need of Thee; + Jesus, Savior, pilot me. + + When the darkling heavens frown. + And the wrathful winds come down, + And the fierce waves, tost on high, + Lash themselves against the sky, + Jesus, Savior, pilot me. + Over life's tempestuous sea. + + As a mother stills her child + Thou canst hush the ocean wild; + Boisterous waves obey Thy will + When Thou sayest to them "Be still." + Wondrous Sovereign of the sea, + Jesus, Savior, pilot me. + + When at last I near the shore, + And the fearful breakers roar, + 'Twixt me and the peaceful rest, + Then, while leaning on Thy breast, + May I hear Thee say to me, + "Fear not, I will pilot thee." + + +Edward Hopper. + + + + +THE OLD CHURCH + + + The old church long has stood,-- + For ages may it stand, + Storehouse of heavenly food + And lighthouse of the land. + + Within its sacred walls + What thousands, now asleep, + Where its blest shadow falls + Have bowed to pray and weep! + + Old church, with doctrines old + As God's eternal truth, + Within its sacred fold + Men still renew their youth. + + Still in its water springs, + Whose streams are never dry, + Hope bathes her drooping wings, + And gathers strength to fly. + + Still from its tower of light + The radiant truth is given + To cheer men thru the night + And guide them on to heaven. + + +Edward Hopper. + + + + +THE OLD FLAG + + + Flag of the brave and free! + Flag of our Liberty! + Of thee we sing; + Flag of our father's pride, + With their pure heart's-blood dyed, + When fighting side by side, + Our pledge we bring. + + By their pure martyr-blood + Poured on Columbia's sod + For Liberty; + By all their deeds of old, + Their hunger, thirst and cold, + Their battles fierce and bold, + We'll stand by thee! + + Thy 'venging stripes shall wave + To guard the homes they gave; + Thy stars shall shine + Upon oppression's night, + To give the patriot light + And make the dark world bright + With hope divine. + + We pledge our heart and hand + To bear thee o'er the land + That God made free,-- + Till all its vales and hills, + Its rivers and its rills,-- + Till the whole nation thrills + With victory! + + Fear not, O Ship of State! + Tho pirates with fierce hate + May cross thy sea:-- + Fear not; at thy mast head + We've nailed the blue, white, red + Old Flag! Our fathers bled, + And so can we! + + We love each tattered rag + Of that old war-rent flag + Of Liberty! + Flag of great Washington! + Flag of brave Anderson! + Flag of each mother's son + Who dares be free! + + O God, our banner save! + Make it for ages waves! + God save our flag! + Preserve its honor pure, + Unstained may it endure, + And keep our freedom sure; + God save our flag! + + +Edward Hopper. + +_April, 1861._ + + + + +RALLY SONG + + +THE BANNER. + + Soldier, hast thou halted,-- + Shrinking from the foe,-- + Friendless, beaten, taunted, + Helpless in thy woe? + Rally to the standard! + God shall surely win! + With Him thou shall triumph + Over Death and Sin! + +THE WHITE. + + Hast thou stumbled, fallen? + Have they passed thee by? + In the filth, despairing, + Have they let thee lie? + Up! rise up, and follow + Yonder folds of white! + Thou shalt share their brightness, + Triumph in their light! + +THE BLUE. + + Dost thou feel the darkness + Near the gates of death? + Dost thou shrink in terror + At its icy breath? + Lo! the flag is o'er thee + With its field of blue! + It shall guide thee homewards! + Man, thy God is true! + +THE RED CROSS. + + Is the conflict bitter? + Art thou faint; at last, + Struggling, panting, straining, + Foul fiends hold thee fast? + Rouse thyself and smite them! + Raise thy standard high! + See, its cross is o'er thee! + Christ, the Lord, is nigh! + +THE SPADE AND ANCHOR. + + Christian, hast thou left us-- + Left the battle line? + Idling, straggling, wand'ring, + Heedless of the sign? + Hark! the trumpet calls thee! + With us heart and hand + Raise the Spade and Anchor! + Strike for Sea and Land! + + +John Hopkins Denison. + + + + +THE SHADOW OF THE WALL + + + Let us stay a while and listen to the voices of the past, + Softly echoing, vaguely lingering, e'er they fade away at last, + Dreaming in a dusky corner of the quaint, blue-panelled pew + While the massive walls of granite shut the hurrying crowds from view, + And the street's loud clang and clatter, screams of rage and cries of pain, + And the endless plodding, thudding, of tired feet in quest of gain + Muffled by a shroud of silence sounds a thousand miles away, + And the past is hovering round us with its ghostly, dim array, + Flitting by in vague procession, up the aisleway, down the hall, + While we lurk here, snugly sheltered, shadowed by the massive wall. + + Stately dominies, wig-powdered, all in gowns of silk arrayed; + Fairest dames, slim and high-waisted, clad in flowered, quaint brocade; + Smart young captains, bold as pirates, with their slaves all gaunt and black; + Stout old Dutchmen and their ladies, gowned as in a miller's sack-- + How they flit past in the gloaming, thru the huge, high-vaulted hall, + While we lurk here, snugly sheltered, shadowed by the massive wall. + + Others come, some wan and haggard, heavy-lined and weary-eyed; + Some with faces flushed and fevered, hearts aflame and hands fast tied. + Others stand with frozen heart-strings, bitter, haughty, desolate; + Some creep past in shame, fresh quivering from some thrust of scorn or hate. + In they throng, all seeking respite from the cruel world's maddening call, + Seeking peace in the dim silence, shadowed by the massive wall. + + Other voices, sweet and child-like, linger in the dusky vault, + Cries of babes and tiny maidens, sweet since free from conscious fault, + Here they gather, brown and rosy, golden-haired and crowned with jet, + Glowing cheeks and eyes that dance, where innocence and joy are met. + While without are screams and curses, loathsome vice and drunken brawls, + Here within, God's flowers are sheltered in the shadow of these walls. + + Still they stand, a hold unshaken, while the turbid stream of life + Swirls around their bulwarks, brawling, black with sin, with sorrows rife, + While still from the dizzy whirlpool drowning souls creep to the door; + For the House of God, unchanging, stands now and forevermore. + Struggling in life's lonely battle, wounded, faint with many falls + We have found a mighty fortress in the shadow of these walls. + + +John Hopkins Denison. + + + + +MINISTERS + + +_Market Street Dutch Reformed Church_ + + 1820-1835 William McMurray, D.D. [+] 1835. + 1836-1853 Isaac Ferris, D.D., [+] 1873. + 1853-1860 Theodore Ledyard Cuyler, D.D., [+] 1909. + 1861-1862 Chauncey D. Murray. + 1863-1865 Jacob C. Dutcher. + +_Presbyterian Church of the Sea and Land_ + + 1865-1866 Alexander McGlashan, D.D., [+] 1867. + 1867-1868 John Lyle, [+] 1881. + 1869-1888 Edward Hopper, D.D., [+] 1888. + 1888-1889 Andrew Beattie, Ph.D.; San Anselmo, Cal. + 1890-1893 Alexander W. Sproull, D.D., [+] 1912. + 1895-1902 John Hopkins Denison; France. + 1903-1905 William Raymond Jelliffe; New York. + 1906-1908 Orrin Giddings Cocks; New York. + 1909-1913 Russell Stanley Gregory; East Aurora, N. Y. + 1914-1917 John Ewing Steen; France. + 1910 Joseph Anthony Villelli. + 1917 Alfred D. Moore. + 1919 Russell J. Clinchy. + + + + +STUDENTS AT MARKET STREET CHURCH, ORDAINED LATER + + "It has been the high purpose of this church to train a + type of minister for whom the hard places of life are places + of honor, and who have been going out from there spreading + the contagion of that idea in the ministry of to-day, making + this church a great training school for a new order of + ministers."--_George Alexander, D.D._ + + + Thomas B. Anderson. + W. K. Anderson. + David Baines-Griffiths [+]. + H. Roswell Bates [+]. + C. G. Bausmann [+]. + Andrew Beattie, California. + Samuel Boult [+]. + Russell Bowie. + Herbert H. Brown. + Edward S. Cobb, Japan. + Orrin G. Cocks, New York. + Henry J. Condit. + Fred W. Cutler. + Avac Cutujian, Syria. + Gustave J. d'Anchise. + William O. Davis. + J. Hopkins Denison, France. + Tyler W. Dennett. + Bayard Dodge, Syria. + Ray C. Donnan. + Charles E. Dunn. + William P. Dunn. + Dwight W. Edwards. + Carl Elmore, France. + Robert Elmore. + Chester B. Emerson. + Robert Falconer. + Frank Fitt, Illinois. + Luther Fowle, Turkey. + John H. Freeman, Laos. + Herbert Gallaudet. + Robert G. Gottschall. + Walter Grafton. + Russell S. Gregory, East Aurora, N. Y. + W. R. Grigg. + Rowland B. Haynes, New York. + Lewis B. Hillis. + George Hughes. + Alexander F. Irvine. + W. Raymond Jelliffe, New York. + Olin C. Jones. + Francis W. Lawson. + E. Trumbull Lee. + Edwin C. Lobenstine, China. + Herman Lohmann. + Joseph A. Lucey. + Martin F. Luther. + Donald B. Macfarlane. + A. Maclaren. + Farquhar D. MacRae, Canada. + R. George McLeod. + Alfred D. Moore, New York. + DuBois S. Morris, China. + J. Grant Newman, Ohio. + E. R. Perry. + John Pigott. + Jesse Povey. + William G. Ramsay. + Maxwell Rice. + John Romola. + Boudinot Seeley. + J. Andrew Siceloff. + John E. Steen, France. + Charles F. Taylor. + I. Paul Taylor. + Henry H. Tweedy. + Archibald S. VanOrden, New Jersey. + Joseph A. Villelli, New York. + Ernest L. Walz, Jr. + Clarence E. Wells. + Irving E. White. + D. K. Young. + + + + +MEN WORKERS AT MARKET STREET CHURCH + + + Donald A. Adams. + Harry L. Adams. + Robert C. Armstrong. + George M. Bailey. + Charles D. Baker [+]. + H. Blackwood. + Christian A. Borella [+]. + Thatcher M. Brown. + Anthony T. Bruno. + Lester L. Callan. + Henry Carpenter [+]. + Percy Cocks. + Arthur P. Dawson. + Horace Day [+]. + Moreau Delano. + John Denham [+]. + Earl M. Dinger. + William Dollar [+]. + Edward Dowling [+]. + Theodore Dwight. + Winthrop E. Dwight. + William B. Easton. + Henry Edwards. + Fred Elmore. + J. Langdon Erving. + J. Howard Fowler. + Arthur W. Francis. + Joseph A. Goodhue. + George Graff. + Thomas Gregory. + Charles H. Grosvenor. + Coleridge W. Hart. + J. W. Herring. + Howard I. Hill. + H. E. Hopkins. + Nicolas Joannides. + Fritz A. Judson. + Clarence D. Kingsley. + Sterling P. Lamprecht. + George Larson. + W. S. Maguire. + George T. Matthews. + John R. Miller. + Nicolas Motin. + Arthur Moulton. + A. Wheeler Palmer. + Christian C. Pedersen. + Edward Pepper [+]. + Lewis Perry. + W. Smith Pettit. + J. Raymond Ramsay. + Allan Robinson. + Willard C. Roper. + George G. Scott. + William W. Seymour. + Frank L. Shoemaker. + A. Karl Skinner. + Floyd Smith. + John M. Styles. + W. S. Sullivan. + Fred A. Suter. + Walter Swanton. + Harry E. Terrell. + Henry A. Underwood [+]. + Paul Van Dewenter. + William White. + + + + +WOMEN WORKERS AT MARKET STREET CHURCH + + + Miss Acker. + Miss E. Adams. + Mrs. Alley. + Miss Alice Antisdale. + Miss Mary M. Axtell. + Miss Mary Baker (Mrs. Fitch). + Miss Georgine Bjersgard. + Miss Elizabeth Bliss. + Miss L. G. Birch. + Miss Edith M. Bostwick. + Miss Rose Brandt. + Miss Florence Brooks (Mrs. Edw. S. Cobb). + Miss Elsa Brown (Mrs. Barnes). + Miss Mae M. Brown. + Miss Sidney M. Brown (Mrs. J. J. Rigby). + Miss Brownell. + Miss Katherine E. Bruckbauer. + Miss Edith Burnett. + Miss Mary Cable. + Mrs. H. Carpenter [+]. + Miss Edith R. Catlin (Mrs. Stowe Phelps). + Miss E. B. Close (Mrs. J. Broomell). + Mrs. Collins. + Miss Margaret C. Condit. + Miss Caroline E. Cooper. + Miss Emma J. Couse. + Miss Frances Cox. + Miss Anna E. Crawford [+]. + Miss Eleanor J. Crawford. + Miss Sophie Crawford. + Miss Fanny Crosby. + Mrs. Cumly. + Miss Marion Darlington. + Miss E. Day. + Miss Virginia Deems. + Miss Mary S. Dodd. + Miss Maria Dowd (Mrs. F. W. Patterson). + Miss Henrietta A. Downes [+]. + Miss Florence Durstine (Mrs. Hamilton). + Miss J. Florence Eldredge. + Miss Josephine England. + Miss Edith N. Fairfield. + Miss Margaret B. Fairfield (Mrs. Stone). + Miss Margaret B. Fergusson. + Miss Forrest [+]. + Miss Freeman (Mrs. B. F. Ross). + Miss Ella M. Ganow. + Miss E. Garbold (Mrs. Benedict). + Miss Hazel Gardiner (Mrs. O'Niel). + Miss Helen Gildersleeve. + Miss Margaret D. Golde. + Miss Anna A. Golding. + Miss Goodale. + Miss Gould (Mrs. Hallock). + Miss Irene L. Gregory. + Miss Virginia P. Grimes. + Miss Eleanor Hague. + Miss Z. Haines. + Miss Anna L. Hall (Mrs. M. L. Luther). + Miss Esther Hall. + Miss M. O. Harris (Mrs. McCullough). + Miss Lydia A. Hays. + Miss Helen Hickok. + Miss Ida M. Hickok. + Miss Irene Hickok. + Miss Alice Hinman. + Miss Jane E. Hitchcock. + Miss Leonora Hogarth. + Miss Caroline E. Horton. + Miss Hotmer. + Miss Mary Hubbard. + Miss Hudson. + Miss Daphne Hutton (Mrs. Stretch). + Miss Roscbelle Jacobus. + Miss Helen T. Kenneally. + Miss E. E. Kirke. + Miss Catherine M. Kitchell (Mrs. W. R. Jelliffe). + Miss Gertrude H. Kitchell. + Miss Kittridge. + Miss Sarah K. Kliem (Mrs. Willis). + Miss J. E. Knipe. + Miss Josephine Knox (Mrs. Livingston). + Miss Elizabeth H. Kunz. + Miss Dorothy Kyberg. + Mrs. Belinda C. Lefler. + Miss Dorothy Leider. + Miss Jessica Lewis. + Miss Marjorie Lewis. + Miss R. Lobenstine. + Miss D. J. Luder. + Miss Katherine Ludington. + Miss McCormick (Mrs. Slade). + Miss Susanne McFarland. + Miss Mary McKelvey (Mrs. W. R. Barbour). + Miss Ruth McKelvey. + Mrs. Mary Mackenzie. + Miss Lillie Malken [+]. + Miss Caroline B. Mills. + Miss Christine A. Mitchell. + Miss Gertrude Morrow (Mrs. Henry J. Condit). + Miss Neilson. + Miss Mary E. Newell. + Miss Adele Norton (Mrs. Fairbank). + Miss Martha M. Norton (Mrs. A. K. Skinner). + Miss Marjorie Nott. + Miss Louise F. Oswald. + Miss Otterbein. + Miss Rhoda Packard. + Miss Maud L. Parks. + Miss Charlotte Paulsen (Mrs. G. H. Roth). + Miss Lydia Paulsen (Mrs. H. D. Schlichting). + Mrs. Pendleton. + Miss Phebe Persons (Mrs. Geo. G. Scott). + Miss M. E. Perdue. + Miss Lois Pett. + Miss M. G. Revell. + Miss Edith M. Rockwell. + Mrs. Eliza E. Rockwell [+]. + Miss Bessie Rogers. + Miss Florence E. Roper. + Miss Anna C. Ruddy. + Miss Helen Rumsey. + Miss Runyon. + Miss Alice Sanford. + Mrs. Savidge. + Miss Shotwell. + Miss Shumard. + Mrs. Mary Sibertson. + Miss Angelina Simonson. + Miss Eleanor C. Smith. + Miss Rose Spenser. + Miss Georgina Spooner. + Miss Margaret H. Steen. + Miss Mary Steen. + Miss Mary Stevenson (Mrs. J. J. Hines). + Miss Marie M. Stevenson. + Miss Marion Sturgis. + Miss Elsie Street. + Miss Sarah Swift. + Miss A. J. Taft. + Miss H. N. Taft. + Miss Georgina Taylor. + Miss M. Thompson. + Miss Alice Townsend. + Miss Edith W. Townsend. + Miss Jean A. Travis. + Miss Pearl C. Underwood (Mrs. J. H. Denison). + Miss Henrietta Van Cleft. + Miss Elizabeth Van Rensellaer (Mrs. Benjamin W. Arnold). + Miss Katrina Van Wagenen (Mrs. Briggs). + Miss Mollie B. Walsh (Mrs. S. K. Higgins). + Miss Carrie B. Wasson. + Miss Fannie Wells. + Miss Christine T. Wilson. + Miss Frances Wheet. + Miss Irma Wiss. + Miss C. Ziegenfuss. + + + + +DIED IN SERVICE + + + Henry Rutgers [+] February 17, 1830. + William McMurray [+] September 24, 1835. + Henry Smith [+] March 19, 1873. + Evan Price [+] August 7, 1887. + Edward Hopper [+] April 23, 1888. + James Murphy [+] August 15, 1893. + Benjamin F. Pinkham [+] March 22, 1897. + Horace Day [+] July 19, 1899. + William Boyce [+] February 18, 1901. + Anna E. Crawford [+] December 18, 1905. + Edward Dowling [+] June 6, 1906. + Eliza E. Rockwell [+] March 14, 1908. + John Denham [+] February 4, 1910. + + + + +CHURCH OFFICERS + +1919 + +SESSION + + Rev. Joseph A. Villelli, Moderator. + Rev. Alfred D. Moore, Minister. + Rev. Russell J. Clinchy, Minister. + Frederick Brückbauer, Clerk. + Artemus R. Richtmyer, Elder. + Willard A. Hildreth, Elder. + +TRUSTEES + + James F. Coupar, President. + Herman D. Schlichting, Secretary. + Frederick Brückbauer, Treasurer. + Louis J. Audley. + Orrin G. Cocks. + George A. Ferris. + George C. Fraser. + Willard A. Hildreth. + Artemus R. Richtmyer. + + + + +OLD CHURCH BUILDINGS + + 1766 St. Paul's chapel, Episcopal, Broadway and Fulton Sts. + + 1819 Church of the Sea and Land, Dutch Reformed. 1866 Presbyterian, + Market and Henry Sts. + + 1820 Church of the Transfiguration, Episcopal. 1853 Roman Catholic, + Mott and Park Sts. + + 1825 First Moravian church, Baptist, then Episcopalian, 30th St. + and Lexington Ave. + + 1828 All Saints' church, Episcopal, Henry and Scammel Sts. + + 1829 St. Mark's church, Episcopal, Stuyvesant Place. Rebuilt 1858. + + 1833 St. Mary's church, Roman Catholic, Grand and Ridge Sts. Brick + front recent. + + 1836 Spring Street Presbyterian church, 246 Spring St. + + 1836 Allen Memorial church, Methodist. 1888 Jewish Synagog. + + 1838 St. Peter's church, Roman Catholic, Barclay and Church Sts. + + 1841 John Street church, Methodist, 44 John St. + + 1841 St. Teresa's church, Presbyterian. 1863 Roman Catholic, + Rutgers and Henry Sts. + + 1842 St. Andrew's church, Roman Catholic, Duane St. and City Hall + Place. + + 1843 Mariners' Temple, Baptist, Oliver and Henry Sts. + + 1846 Trinity church, Episcopal, Broadway at Wall St. + + + + +EAST SIDE STREETS + + +Chatham Square, after William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, our friend in 1776. + +Bayard Street, after a mayor, nephew of Peter Stuyvesant. + +Canal Street, had a forty-foot canal in center, fine shaded houses at +sides. + +Division Street, the dividing line between the Rutgers and the DeLancey +farms. + +East Broadway, formerly Harmon Street, after a Rutgers. + +Henry Street, after Henry Rutgers. + +Madison Street, after the President, formerly Bancker Street, after a +Rutgers son-in-law. + +Monroe Street, after the President, formerly Lombardy Street. + +Rutgers Place, site of the Rutgers Mansion. + +Hamilton Street, after Alexander Hamilton, formerly Cheapside. + +Cherry Street, formerly a cherry orchard. + +Oliver Street, formerly Fayette Street. + +Catherine Street, after Catherine Rutgers. + +Market Street, formerly George Street, after King George of England. + +Pike Street, War of 1812, formerly Charlotte Street, after a queen of +England. + +Rutgers Street, after the Rutgers family. + +Jefferson Street, after the President. + +Clinton Street, after Governor Clinton. + +Montgomery Street, after the general who fell at Quebec in 1775. + +Gouverneur Street, after a New York family. + +Jackson Street, after the President; formerly Walnut Street. + +Corlears Street, after Jacobus Van Corlear. + +Chrystie Street, after an officer of War of 1812. + +Forsyth Street, War of 1812. + +Eldridge Street, after Lieut. Joseph C. Eldridge, War of 1812. + +Allen Street, after Capt. William Henry Allen, War of 1812. + + + + +BIBLIOGRAPHY + + +Recollections of a Long Life: Theodore L. Cuyler. + +Beside the Bowery: John Hopkins Denison. + +From the Bottom Up: Alexander F. Irvine. + +Dave Ranney: David J. Ranney. + +Nooks and Corners of Old New York: Charles Hemstreet. + +New York Old and New: Rufus Rockwell Wilson. + +A Tour Around New York: John Flavel Mines. + +When Old New York Was Young: Charles Hemstreet. + +Historic New York: Half-Moon Papers. + +The Leaven in a Great City: Lillian W. Betts. + +The Better New York: Tolman and Hemstreet. + +The New York Public School: A. Emerson Palmer. + +Helping the Helpless in Lower New York: Lucy S. Bainbridge. + +The Fire on the Hearth: Edward Hopper. + +One Wife Too Many: Edward Hopper. + +Old Horse Gray: Edward Hopper. + +Echoes from the Song of Songs: Margaretta Hopper. + +An Oriental Land of the Free: John H. Freeman. + +One Hundred Poems: Jane A. Van Allen. + +American Notes: Charles Dickens. + +Valentine's Manual of the Common Council. + +New York Genealogical and Biographical Record. + +Records of the Market Street Dutch Reformed Church. + +Records of the Presbyterian Church of the Sea and Land. + +The Sea and Land Monthly. + +Handbooks of the Presbytery of New York. + + * * * * * + +_Printed in the United States of America._ + + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's The Kirk on Rutgers Farm, by Frederick Brückbauer + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE KIRK ON RUTGERS FARM *** + +***** This file should be named 25293-8.txt or 25293-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/5/2/9/25293/ + +Produced by David Garcia and The Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |