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+Project Gutenberg's The Kirk on Rutgers Farm, by Frederick Bruckbauer
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Kirk on Rutgers Farm
+
+Author: Frederick Bruckbauer
+
+Illustrator: Pauline Stone
+
+Release Date: May 2, 2008 [EBook #25293]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE KIRK ON RUTGERS FARM ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Garcia and The Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+The Kirk on Rutgers Farm
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: Church of the Sea and Land]
+
+
+
+
+THE
+
+KIRK
+
+on
+
+Rutgers Farm
+
+_By_
+
+Frederick Bruckbauer
+
+_Illustrated by_
+
+Pauline Stone
+
+NEW YORK
+Fleming H Revell Company
+1919
+
+[Blank Page]
+
+
+_To the
+Men and Women
+who gave
+that the old church
+might remain at
+Market and Henry Streets_
+
+
+[Blank Page]
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+It is evident that the preparation of this volume has been a labor
+of love.
+
+Of the sanctuary which, for one hundred years, has stood on the corner
+of Market and Henry Streets, the author, like many others who have put
+their lives into it, might well say:
+
+  "Thy saints take pleasure in her stones,
+   Her very dust to them is dear."
+
+The story of "The Kirk on Rutgers Farm" is one of pathetic interest. In
+its first half-century it sheltered a worshipping congregation of staid
+Knickerbocker type, which, tho blest with a ministry of extraordinary
+ability and spiritual power, succumbed to its unfriendly environment and
+perished.
+
+In its second half-century it became the home of a flock of God, poor in
+this world's goods, but rich in faith, to whom the environment even when
+changing from bad to worse, was a challenge to faith and valiant service.
+Those of us who in our unwisdom said a generation ago that it ought to
+die judged after the outward appearance. Those who protested that it
+must not die, took counsel with the spirit that animated them, saw the
+invisible and against hope believed in hope.
+
+Not the least impressive pages of this book are the pages which record
+the names of ministers and other toilers for Christ, who in this field
+of heroic achievement have lived to serve or have died in service.
+
+The author has very skilfully concealed his personal connection with the
+history of which he might justly say: "Magna pars fui." But for his wise
+and winsome leadership the chronicle would have closed a quarter of a
+century ago.
+
+By putting in form and preserving the memories which cluster about the
+Church of the Sea and Land, he is performing a real service to the
+Christian community and earning the gratitude of fellow-laborers to whom
+it has been a shrine of their heart's devotion.
+
+George Alexander.
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+  The Kirk on Rutgers Farm             Frontispiece
+
+                                             _Page_
+  Henry Rutgers                                  12
+  The Rutgers Mansion                            15
+  Rutgers Tablet                                 17
+  Nathan Hale Statue                             19
+  First Presidential Mansion                     20
+  Tablet in Church Vestibule                     22
+  Philip Milledoler                              23
+  North Dutch Church                             24
+  Isaac Ferris                                   28
+  Organ                                          29
+  Old Lecture Room Pulpit                        30
+  Theodore L. Cuyler at Market Street            34
+  Theodore L. Cuyler later                       35
+  Pew                                            41
+  Bell                                           46
+  Sailors' Home                                  50
+  52 Market Street                               51
+  Hanson K. Corning                              52
+  Edward Hopper                                  56
+  Communion Service                              58
+  Christian A. Borella                           61
+  Andrew Beattie                                 68
+  Old Sunday School Room                         69
+  Alexander W. Sproull                           71
+  Col. Robert G. Shaw                            72
+  Kindergarten                                   73
+  Old Church Flag                                78
+  John Hopkins Denison                           81
+  Tower Study                                    82
+  52 Henry Street                                83
+  Fresh Air Children                             84
+  New Church Flag                                87
+  John Denham                                    91
+  Old 61 Henry Street                            94
+  New 61 Henry Street                            95
+  Staten Island House when bought                96
+  Staten Island House renovated                  97
+  Kitchen for Cooking Classes                    99
+  Pulpit                                        104
+  Back of Pulpit                                107
+
+
+
+
+I
+
+
+If there be one thing certain about New York it is that nothing remains
+unchanged. Not only do public works like the bridges change the face of
+things, but private activity effaces great structures to build up still
+greater ones. This march of progress is as relentless as a modern army,
+levelling all before it.
+
+In other lands churches have been spared tho other buildings went down,
+but even these in New York have disappeared, whole districts being
+deliberately deserted because churches were no longer able to maintain
+themselves there financially. This is especially true of the great
+down-town section of Manhattan, the Old New York, in which only two
+churches remain that have stood unchanged for a century. Trinity church
+let old St. John's go, and sixty churches have disappeared in forty
+years on the lower East Side alone. We lose much when old landmarks go,
+when we can not make history more vivid for our children by pointing out
+where the great men of another day worshipt, men of a day when other
+public assemblies were rare, and the church was the center that radiated
+influence. The old building is of value because of the living beings
+associated with it that were the life of the community.
+
+New York has hardly appreciated what its great families have meant for
+it in the past. The members of the Rutgers family, for instance, always
+had a noble share in the day and generation in which they lived. Their
+ancestor came over in the early days from Holland, spent some time about
+Albany, and then came to New York, branching out till Rutgers bouweries
+and Rutgers breweries were found in more than one place.
+
+A Rutgers was on the jury in the great Zenger trial that establisht
+the freedom of the colonial press,--"the germ of American freedom."
+The Rutgers were Sons of Liberty and the Rutgers farm near Golden Hill
+was one of their meeting places. A Rutgers was a member of the New York
+Provincial Congress and also of the Stamp Act Congress. Alexander
+Hamilton was engaged in a famous case when a Rutgers defended herself
+against a Tory who had taken possession of her property during the
+Revolution.
+
+It was a Rutgers who drained the marshes west of the old Collect Pond
+and so laid the foundations for the Lispenard fortunes: a Lispenard
+married a fair daughter of his neighbor Rutgers. That stream still runs
+into the Broadway Subway at Canal Street apparently uncontrollable.
+
+One Rutgers fell in the Battle of Long Island, and while the old father
+died in Albany, the British revenged themselves on the younger brother
+by making a hospital of his fine house in New York. The owner kept on
+fighting for freedom during the whole Revolutionary War, distinguishing
+himself at White Plains.
+
+[Illustration: Henry Rutgers]
+
+This was Henry Rutgers, in whom culminated many of the finest
+characteristics of a noble ancestry. His breadth of view in an age not
+quite so broad, is well shown in his attitude towards churches and
+schools. When he decided to open up his farm in the Seventh Ward for
+building purposes he gave land at Oliver and Henry Streets, at Market
+and Henry Streets and at Rutgers and Henry Streets for churches, and
+there was more for the asking, tho only the Baptists, the Dutch Reformed
+and the Presbyterians took advantage of the offer. The Rutgers Street
+site became the birthplace of the Rutgers Presbyterian church, beginning
+May 13, 1798, in a frame building 36x64. In 1841 the present stone
+church was built, and in 1862, as did others, this organization moved
+uptown. A Mr. Briggs, who was holding the property for a Protestant
+denomination, finally tired of waiting and sold the building to the
+Roman Catholic church, in whose hands it remains.
+
+In 1806 Rutgers gave the land for the second free school, and he
+succeeded Governor Clinton in 1828 as president of the Free School
+Society. Before that day education was not a state matter, but left to
+private enterprise, and the free schools then establisht were for the
+poor. Rutgers more than once paid salaries and other school bills out
+of his own pocket. He was a Regent of the University of the State of
+New York for twenty-four years, and a Trustee of Princeton.
+
+Rutgers was not above mixing in with the political life of his time: he
+was a member of the legislature four times and took a prominent part in
+the election of Thomas Jefferson as President of the United States.
+
+In 1811 he raised funds for the first Tammany Hall, then a benevolent
+organization.
+
+During the War of 1812, Rutgers presided at a large mass meeting calling
+for the defense of New York when the port was blockaded and it seemed as
+if the British would attack it. He was a large contributor to the fund
+from which forts were hurriedly erected to keep the enemy out.
+
+Rutgers was a member of a committee of correspondence formed in 1819 to
+check slavery. He lived to see the day, in 1827, when slavery was
+abolisht in New York State.
+
+His services to the Dutch church and his munificence brought about a
+change of name of the college at New Brunswick from Queens to Rutgers
+College. It is true the sum given was only $5,000 and Rutgers was one of
+the richest men in New York. In our day when only billions seem to count
+we may well hark back to the days of simpler things.
+
+For many years Henry Rutgers gave a cake and a book to every boy who
+called on him on New Year's Day. The children gathered about his door
+and he made an address "of a religious character."
+
+[Illustration: Rutgers Mansion]
+
+Colonel Rutgers lived in "a large, superbly furnished mansion," on
+Rutgers Place, "for many years a capitol of fashion, where met all the
+leaders of the day." Here was given "the most notable reception of the
+time to General Washington and Colonel Willett," after the latter's
+return from his mission to the Creek Indians, the most powerful
+confederacy then on our borders. Here, also, in 1824, Lafayette was
+entertained "like a prince," so the great Frenchman said.
+
+The house was built in 1755 by the Colonel's father, with brick brought
+from Holland. It stood on Monroe Street till 1865. But it was none too
+fine for the owner to give his fences for firewood one hard winter when
+fuel was scarce and trees in the streets were cut down to burn. Next
+summer the Rutgers orchard was said to have been safer than if the fence
+had been there.
+
+"The well-beloved citizen" died February 17, 1830, in the mansion in
+which he had lived nearly eighty years. On February 28, a great memorial
+service was held in the Market Street church. Dr. McMurray, the pastor,
+whose tablet is opposite that of Rutgers in the church, preached the
+sermon, which was printed later, speaking of his "unimpeachable moral
+character, his uniform consistency," and saying that there was "scarcely
+a benevolent object or humane institution which he had not liberally
+assisted." Colonel Rutgers spent one-fourth of his income in charity,
+many of his benevolences being personal, gifts not only of money, but
+advice and sympathy.
+
+[Illustration: Rutgers Tablet]
+
+Rutgers was a bachelor and on his death the bulk of his estate, over
+$900,000, went to the grandson of his sister Catherine, William B.
+Crosby. "Uncle Rutgers" had virtually adopted the boy when early left an
+orphan. Among the provisions of the Rutgers will was one that bespoke
+the testator: Hannah, a superannuated negress, was to be supported by
+the estate for the rest of her life. This while slavery was still legal
+in 1823.
+
+William B. Crosby was a colonel in the War of 1812. He died March 18,
+1865. A son of his was Howard Crosby, more than a generation ago one
+of the best-known preachers of New York, a man great physically and
+spiritually. He was moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly and
+one of the revisers of the Bible. He died in 1891. Another Crosby was
+in the State Legislature.
+
+The direct line of the Rutgers family died out, but they were intermarried
+with about every prominent family of the city. The daughters were more
+numerous than the sons and appear to have had a reputation for good
+looks and good works. They were the wives of rectors, bishops,
+postmasters, mayors, secretaries of state, judges, and so on.
+
+On November 25, 1816, Rutgers had deeded five lots for a Dutch Reformed
+church.
+
+The neighborhood in which the Market Street church was to be located was
+redolent with historic associations. The British provost marshal hung
+Nathan Hale on "an apple tree in the Rutgers orchard," the exact spot
+adjoining the church property. Nearby on Cherry Hill, in the Franklin
+House, the first President of the United States lived for a time, as did
+John Hancock and members of Washington's cabinet on the inauguration of
+the Federal Government.
+
+In the immediate vicinity was the Walton House, referred to in
+parliament as so richly furnished that the colonies needed no relief
+from taxation.
+
+[Illustration: Nathan Hale Statue]
+
+Close by the church lands, on July 27, 1790, Rutgers on his own grounds
+paraded the militia before President Washington, Governor Clinton and
+visiting Indian chiefs, and thereafter he was Colonel Rutgers. Gilbert
+Stuart painted Washington's portrait at that time and it was a prized
+possession in the Rutgers mansion.
+
+Just north on the Bowery was the old Bull's Head Tavern, "the last stop
+before entering town." On the evacuation of New York, Washington and his
+officers rested here before re-occupying the city. In connection with it
+the Astor fortunes were laid, and Astor was not very popular with the
+other butchers either, because of his business methods.
+
+In Cherry Street a hundred years ago a sea captain and his wife made
+the first American flag of the present type: thirteen stripes and an
+ever-expanding starry field.
+
+[Illustration: First Presidential Mansion]
+
+At the foot of Pike Street,--the river then was nearer the church than
+now,--Robert Fulton built his first steamboat in 1807, and in May, 1819,
+just one hundred years ago, the Savannah docked in the same place, after
+the first steamboat trip across the ocean, made in twenty-two days.
+
+Not quite so pleasant a memory is the fact that Market Street was the
+new name for George Street, of not very favorable repute, until the
+quiet Quakers built fine little houses there, surrounded by gardens,
+driving out denizens of a less sedate disposition.
+
+A fine story is told of an old lady, who was advised not to go to the
+Market Street church because of the neighborhood it was in. She replied
+that Colonel Rutgers was going there "and where Colonel Rutgers goes any
+lady can go."
+
+In 1819 wolves were still killed on the "outskirts," that being the
+present Gramercy Park.
+
+After the establishment of the Franklin Street church in 1807, no
+further attempt was made by the Dutch church to extend its work until in
+1817 the offer made by Henry Rutgers was taken up. About the same time
+the Houston Street and Broome Street churches were added.
+
+[Illustration: Tablet in Church Vestibule]
+
+  +-----------------------------------------------------+
+  |                FOUNDED _A. D._ 1817,                |
+  |                                                     |
+  |        Completed & Dedicated to the Worship         |
+  |       of Almighty God, the 27th _day of June        |
+  |                    A. D._ 1819:                     |
+  |                                                     |
+  | _on ground generously presented for the Site of a_  |
+  |                                                     |
+  |             _REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH by               |
+  |                Col. HENRY RUTGERS;_                 |
+  |                                                     |
+  | to the Rev. Philip Milledoler, D.D., the Rev. James |
+  |    M. Matthews, Peter Wilson, LL.D., Isaac Heyer,   |
+  |      Matthias Bruen, Peter Sharpe, and William      |
+  |               B. Crosby, _Trustees_;                |
+  |                                                     |
+  |    _Under whose Superintendence it was erected._    |
+  +-----------------------------------------------------+
+
+To make the Market Street building possible Rutgers gave a large sum,
+and he named the trustees "under whose superintendence" the building
+was to be erected. They were a noble group:
+
+Rev. Philip Milledoler, D.D.; Rev. James M. Matthews, Peter Wilson,
+LL.D.; Isaac Heyer, Matthias Bruen, Peter Sharpe and William B. Crosby.
+
+Dr. Milledoler was one of the great men of the time. He was born in
+Rhinebeck, September 22, 1775, and educated in Edinburgh. He was one of
+the founders of the American Bible Society, and Secretary of the Board
+of Trustees of the Presbyterian Church. In November, 1803, he became
+colleague pastor of the First Collegiate church, and in April, 1809, on
+division by Presbytery, sole pastor of the Rutgers Presbyterian church.
+He remained here until 1813, when he entered the Reformed Church. He was
+president of Rutgers College from 1823 to 1841.
+
+Rev. James Macfarlane Matthews was professor "in the first theological
+seminary of which New York could boast." It was considered Scotch
+Presbyterian.
+
+[Illustration: Philip Milledoler]
+
+Dr. Peter Wilson was professor of languages in the university, as was
+also Isaac Heyer.
+
+Matthias Bruen was "one of the merchant princes of New York."
+
+Peter Sharpe was a "whip manufacturer" and William B. Crosby is listed
+as "gentleman."
+
+[Illustration: North Dutch Church]
+
+Nothing is known of the architect or builder, tho they were probably the
+same, as was the fashion of the time. The building was required by the
+deed "to be of brick or stone materials, and the whole building of a
+size not less than that of the Presbyterian church in Rutgers Street."
+A hundred years have proven the substantial character of the Market
+Street church. The men of that day did their work well. Whether it was a
+simplified copy of the North Dutch church or not is not known. It looks
+much like it, tho the tower is simpler and the two rows of windows in the
+Fulton Street building become one row of great windows on Henry Street.
+But it has all stood the test of time. The old hand-hewn oak timbers
+still span the lofty ceiling, the glistening gray stone walls still
+stand four-square against all the winds that blow. The hand-made hinges
+and numbers are still on the pew doors, and the so-called slave
+galleries are still there, tho neither colored servants nor Sunday
+school children are consigned to them now. Hidden away, but still there
+are the hand-made laths, the shingles under the tin roof and the
+four-foot thick foundations.
+
+The old tower is there, for many years untenanted, until the men came
+who worked and lived there, a place of seclusion in a busy time and
+neighborhood, and if the symbols on the rough walls have made their
+thoughts roam to the early Christian days the telephone brings them back
+again into 1919.
+
+The years have brought some changes; better heating than the first
+stoves,--the first coal bill was paid in February, 1832, and a new
+furnace cost $150 in 1848; better lighting than in 1819,--they had no
+gas till May, 1843,--but there have always been men who studied to
+maintain the quiet simplicity and beauty of the house, never more
+marked than in the days of its centennial.
+
+The Reformed Protestant Dutch church in Market Street was "dedicated to
+the worship of Almighty God" on June 27, 1819, the Rev. Dr. Milledoler
+preaching the sermon. On September 8, 1819, twenty-four members united,
+on the 29th more were added, but "on account of the prevailing sickness"
+the consistory was not elected until November 10. Henry Rutgers, John
+Redfield and Isaac Brinkerhoff were elected elders, and William B.
+Crosby, Elbert A. Brinkerhoff and Thomas Morrow were chosen as deacons.
+On November 28, 1819, they were ordained. On the day following they met
+at the mansion of Colonel Rutgers, when he was chosen president of the
+consistory. On January 2, 1821, the property was finally deeded to the
+consistory.
+
+The first minister of the church was William McMurray, D.D., "who with
+fidelity and zeal" served from 1820 to May, 1835.
+
+Dr. McMurray was born of Scotch-Irish parents in Washington in 1783, and
+graduated from Union College in 1804, studying theology under the famous
+J. M. Mason. He was a great worker, preached three times each Sunday,
+conducted catechism classes, and is said to have known nearly everyone
+in the Seventh Ward. He contracted typhoid fever, lingered for a while
+and died September 24, 1835.
+
+A Sunday school was started in 1821.
+
+In 1834 the elders and deacons are recorded as being: Crosby, Hoxie,
+Andrews, Doig, Moore, Herrick, Cisco, Montanye, Conover and McCullough,
+all famous names. Hoxie and Cisco were wholesale clothing merchants in
+Cherry Street then the center for that trade.
+
+[Illustration: Isaac Ferris]
+
+In August, 1836, Dr. McMurray was succeeded by Isaac Ferris. He was a
+New Yorker, entered Columbia when only fourteen years old, graduated
+with first honors and fought in the War of 1812 with his father. The
+Sunday school reported 213 pupils at the time of his coming, which
+soon increased, for Dr. Ferris paid special attention to the school.
+He was president of the New York Sunday School Union and first
+president of the Foreign Mission Board of the Dutch Church. The church
+had 600 communicants, and was described as "a fashionable church in the
+aristocratic Seventh Ward."
+
+His son, Dr. John Ferris, spent much of his earlier life with his
+father. Dr. Isaac Ferris died June 13, 1873. He was tall, broad
+shouldered and of commanding presence.
+
+In 1841 the organ was ordered and finally completed in 1844. It was
+built by Henry Erben, of New York, whose son became admiral in the Navy.
+Experts tell of the amount of lead used in the construction of its
+pipes. It is still pumped by hand as in the olden days. John Pye was
+the first man to do this. George Loder was the first organist, and
+P. A. Andri the first chorister.
+
+[Illustration: Organ]
+
+In 1843, on the land back of the church the "Consistory Building" was
+erected. It was a plain brick building with a high stoop and heavy
+wooden shutters. The upper floor was for the Sunday school and provided
+with circular seats for classes. In an alcove on one side and closed by
+glass doors was the library railed off from the rest of the school. On
+the main floor was the lecture room, the floor of which rose in the
+back. Between the stairways leading to the next floor was a platform
+with two heavy Greek columns and a reading desk between them. It was a
+bold boy who would run back there thru the dark when the "infant class"
+met in the room. The columns were removed in the seventies and later on
+the rounded stiff seats went too. Then the floor had to be leveled so
+that the room could be put to general use. Before that it was possible
+to reach most of the seats only by passing between the "leader" and the
+audience.
+
+[Illustration: Platform in Old Consistory Building]
+
+In the basement in dingy quarters in the rear lived the sexton. He had
+the great improvement of having water brought into the house in June,
+1847, by a sixty-foot hose. Six years later the hydrant was put up in
+the front church yard, remaining there until quite recently.
+
+To the right and under the stoop there was a hallway, which later was
+changed to the "pastor's study," in which all smaller important meetings
+were held. It was in this little room that the session received members
+and for many it holds very sacred memories.
+
+There were no pictures in the building, but later a few mottoes with
+Bible texts were hung about.
+
+In early days a part of the building was rented for use as a school. The
+rental was only nominal. At the time of the erection of the consistory
+building the sidewalks around the whole property were flagged and the
+iron fence erected.
+
+In 1848 the upper floor was arranged for the Sunday school at a cost of
+$500. About 1871 doors were cut thru to the galleries of the church from
+the upper floor. For more than twenty years this had been urged.
+
+John Crosby is recorded as "paying off the church debt of $10,542" in
+June, 1852.
+
+Dr. Ferris left in 1853 to become chancellor of the University of
+New York, succeeding his friend, Theodore Frelinghuysen. The first
+chancellor had been Dr. Matthews, a trustee of the church, and the
+successors of Dr. Ferris were Howard Crosby, John Hall and Henry M.
+McCracken. So of six chancellors of the university, four were vitally
+interested in the Market Street church.
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+
+With the coming of Theodore Cuyler a new era opened up for the old
+Market Street church. Two years before Dr. Cuyler had spoken at a large
+temperance meeting in Tripler Hall, together with General Houston, Henry
+Ward Beecher, Horace Mann and other celebrities. It was his first public
+address in a city that was to know much of him.
+
+In 1853 Mr. Cuyler was called and installed by the South Classis of New
+York, November 13, 1853. He says that while walking along Henry Street
+Judge Hoxie said to Mr. Lyles: "If our young brother will come and work
+in the Market Street church we might do something yet."
+
+Cuyler lived at Pike and Madison Streets and later in Rutgers Street.
+His salary was $1,500, advanced later to $2,500. The church building was
+painted, and in 1855 a new roof was put on at the expense of the
+pewholders.
+
+Opposite the church on the northeast corner was a large and select
+private school. At 11 Market Street later was a smaller one, headed by
+a German patriot, whose son-in-law was one of the great generals during
+the Rebellion.
+
+In his address in the church at the Eightieth Anniversary, Dr. Cuyler
+called it "fighting the adversary of souls and geography," for even in
+Dr. Ferris's time there were indications of waning strength because of
+"the continued emigration of the more substantial class of church
+members from the down-town districts of the city uptown."
+
+[Illustration: Cuyler at Market Street]
+
+But the indefatigable Cuyler postponed the evil day, and for seven years
+of intensest activity he remained in Market Street.
+
+To quote Dr. Cuyler: "I looked around me and saw there were a good many
+substantial families that could support a church and East Broadway
+swarmed with young men."
+
+"Here was the lord of the manor, the nephew of Colonel Rutgers, Wm. B.
+Crosby. What a devoted Christian he was. His good old gray head moved up
+to the pew every Sunday, rain or shine. There was a deacons' pew, and in
+the center sat the best-known man in New York, Judge Joseph Hoxie. When
+we said the creed and nobody joined he shouted it, and in song his voice
+was heard above the choir. There sat Jacob Westervelt, the mayor of New
+York, and he boasted that he was the only member of the Dutch Church who
+could read a Dutch Bible."
+
+[Illustration: Theodore Ledyard Cuyler]
+
+The galleries were packed with young men. One, a young Irish boy,
+Robert McBurney, became the great secretary of the Young Men's Christian
+Association. Charles Briggs was another young member, and around him
+later raged the bitterest theological controversy of the century.
+
+During the summer of 1854 the service was changed to 4 P. M., 7:30 being
+resumed in September.
+
+In 1855 the seats in the gallery were changed from four rows to three
+rows, and the infant school was held in the "scholars' gallery" of the
+church. The low seats are still in the second gallery.
+
+A stove was put in, too, as the heating was not satisfactory.
+
+In 1855, A. D. Stowell came as Bible class teacher at a salary of $12
+per month.
+
+Dr. Cuyler rightly referred to it as a busy old hive, for from Market
+Street church emanated some of the greatest religious movements of the
+century.
+
+Howard Crosby, son of William B. Crosby, and brought up in the Market
+Street church, was the first president of the Young Men's Christian
+Association. Cuyler became interested in it the second year of its
+existence in New York, and during his long lifetime he never ceased to
+work for it. But if the church had done nought else than bring Robert
+McBurney to the Association it would have been amply repaid. The master
+spirit in the Association for thirty years McBurney's name is written
+in golden letters in the city's history. Morris K. Jesup and William
+E. Dodge, life-long friends of the church, were early Association
+supporters.
+
+A work typical of Market Street church was the Fulton Street
+prayer-meeting, started by Jeremiah C. Lamphier, who sang in the church
+choir. Dr. Cuyler credits this with being the first move in the tremendous
+revival that from 1856 to 1858 swayed the city, and went on to other
+cities, gathering momentum. Cuyler says: "In three or four weeks the
+revival so absorbed the city that business men crowded into the churches
+from 12 to 3 each day, and when Horace Greeley was asked to start a new
+philanthropic enterprise he said: 'The city is so absorbed with this
+revival that it has no time for anything else.'"
+
+Market Street church gathered in 150 new members, and 1859 was one of
+the glorious ones in the history of the church.
+
+Mr. Lamphier died December 26, 1898.
+
+In the Temperance cause, Dr. Cuyler was also a ceaseless worker. From
+1851 to 1857 he was in close alliance with Neal Dow, then at the height
+of his fame as a prohibition advocate.
+
+Another organization that had an earnest supporter in Dr. Cuyler was
+the Christian Endeavor Society, tho Cuyler gives all the credit for its
+fatherhood to Rev. F. E. Clarke.
+
+In a day when such things were not common Market Street church got
+deeply into matters civic. "The most hideous sink of iniquity and
+loathsome degradation was in the then famous Five Points," Baxter,
+Worth, Mulberry, Park Streets, not far from the church. An old building,
+honeycombed with vaults and secret passages, called the Old Brewery, was
+the center of a locality that boldly flouted the police. Indeed, for
+years the Old Brewery was a harbor of refuge for any criminal, for the
+law never reached him there, nor were the Five Points ever a safe place
+to walk thru. At night no one dared be seen there. For some years the
+Five Points had played a physical part in the elections, and many a riot
+had its inception there.
+
+Then the city put thru Worth Street, formerly known as Anthony Street,
+after a Rutgers, and the Old Brewery Mission was establisht there. Thru
+Mrs. Pease, a member of the Market Street church, whose husband was the
+brave projector of the Five Points House of Industry, the church became
+interested in improving conditions. When Mr. Pease went south, his place
+was taken by Benjamin R. Barlow, one of the Market Street elders.
+
+In his autobiography, Dr. Cuyler tells how he "used to make nocturnal
+explorations of some of those satanic quarters" to keep public interest
+awake in the mission work at the Five Points. New Yorkers who remember
+the House of Industry of thirty years ago and who now look at Mulberry
+Bend Park may well thank the old Market Street church that the Cow Bay,
+Bandit's Roost, the Old Brewery and Cut Throat Alley are things of the
+past, and that the Five Points are known to this later day only as a
+name. No second Charles Dickens will cross the ocean to tell us that
+"all that is loathsome, drooping and decayed is here."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Few men have been in touch with so many public movements as Dr. Cuyler.
+He was the personal friend of statesmen, churchmen, professors,
+lecturers, teachers, philanthropists, diplomats, poets and presidents.
+And as was the minister so were the people of the Market Street church:
+forward in every movement for the betterment of mankind, the coming of
+the kingdom. Some of the best families of New York were connected there,
+and as fathers bought pews for the sons when they married it was a
+family church. These names are frequent: Duryee, Crosby, Mersereau,
+Brinkerhoff, Poillon, Zophar Mills, Ludlam, Suydam, Westervelt, Waydell,
+Chittenden, Bartlett, McKee, Purdy and a host of others.
+
+Small wonder that from among men like these great institutions should
+come, that the Park Bank and the Nassau Bank should be founded by Market
+Street church men. The annual pew rents were $5,000, then a large sum.
+
+Perhaps it was their very farsightedness that made the people of the
+church think of moving uptown. The "brownstone front" was drawing people
+northward, and Dr. Cuyler started a movement "to erect a new edifice
+on Murray Hill, and to retain the old building in Market Street as an
+auxiliary mission chapel." Subscriptions were secured, William E. Dodge
+heading the list. But the new site at Park Avenue and Thirty-fifth
+Street did not find favor, and many were opposed to the whole project,
+so when in 1860 the consistory was to vote the first payment, the whole
+enterprise failed by one vote.
+
+Dr. Cuyler said he would thank the good old man who cast that
+vote--Meade was his name--if he ever met him in the other world. He
+resigned from Market Street church, his ministry ending April 7, 1860,
+and accepted a call from the little Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church
+in Brooklyn. His friend, Henry Ward Beecher, did not see how he could
+get a congregation there, but after many years of ever-increasing
+usefulness Mr. Beecher lived to say to Dr. Cuyler: "You are now in the
+center, and I am out on the circumference."
+
+It was strange that a man of the forceful type of Cuyler should leave
+a church because it would not move away, and that thirty years later he
+should preach in it, rejoicing in its continuing prosperity. Strange,
+too, that Cuyler left the Dutch Church for the Presbyterian, and that
+the old building "changed its faith" in like manner.
+
+Rev. Chauncey D. Murray was the next pastor of the Market Street church,
+the classis installing him March 10, 1861, and he was succeeded in 1863
+by Rev. Jacob C. Dutcher. William B. Crosby, of beloved memory, came
+forward with very liberal contributions to sustain the church, but the
+depletion went on. In Mr. Murray's time another attempt to move uptown
+had failed.
+
+In December, 1859, the courts had already given permission for a sale,
+but on condition that another church be built uptown with the proceeds.
+This having failed, under a revised order of the court the building was
+deeded to Hanson K. Corning in 1866, another congregation having
+meanwhile inaugurated services there.
+
+The old consistory lived on till June 2, 1869, when it held its last
+meeting at the home of R. R. Crosby, in Twenty-second Street. A committee
+had secured the necessary legal modifications so that the temporalities
+could be disposed of. The distribution was as follows:
+
+To St. Paul's Reformed church on Twenty-first Street, $15,000; $8,000
+to the Prospect Hill Reformed church on Eighty-fifth Street, and about
+$18,000 to the Northwest Reformed church on Twenty-third Street. A $500
+United States bond was given by William B. Crosby to the Sunday school
+of the Twenty-first Street church. The baptismal font was presented to
+St. Paul's church, the splendid communion service to the Prospect Hill
+church. All these churches have past out of existence. The organ was
+presented to the Church of the Sea and Land; "the property right in the
+Henry Rutgers tablet was given to R. R. Crosby; the McMurray tablet to
+Henry Rutgers McMurray. A vault in Twenty-second Street was given to the
+Prospect Hill church. The bell, now loaned to the Church of the Sea and
+Land, was given in a revisionary right to the consistory of the
+Collegiate church, in case it ever ceases to ring for a Protestant
+church." It still rings undisturbed, tho it has not in the memory of man
+swung on its wheel. Only recently has it been given back one of its
+earliest powers: it is to ring the alarum if all modern means fail. It
+was cast in Troy in 1847, and the committee (Crosby, Conover and Lyles)
+spent $365.14 for it. The congregation thought too much of it in 1848 to
+allow its use by Engine Company 42 for fire alarms. The books of the
+Market Street church were left to the Collegiate church and are now at
+New Brunswick.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+All this having been done, the president of the consistory, Mahlon T.
+Hewitt, handed out the remaining letters of dismissal to D. W. Woodford,
+Robert R. Crosby, William Lain, Dr. Veranus Morse, John Van Flick, Henry
+Taylor and Albert I. Lyon, and made a formal closing address in which he
+offered "a sincere prayer that its old walls may still stand, and that
+it may continue to be the birthplace of souls into the kingdom of
+Christ." The prayer has been answered.
+
+Thus ended the Protestant Reformed Dutch church in Market Street after
+just fifty years.
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+
+While the Market Street Reformed Church was fighting its last fight,
+a little congregation had come to life in the parlor of a sailor's
+boarding house. It was intended chiefly for "seamen and others," the
+"others" referring mostly to those who no longer sailed the seas. The
+first meeting was held June 7, 1864. Those were the days of sailing
+vessels; the New York of the thirties had been the ship building center
+of the world, especially from Pike Street up. At every pier sail boats
+were moored, coming from all over the world, and as they dismist their
+crews on arrival it left the men on shore unoccupied until their meager
+wages were gone, when they were crimped for another voyage. Low dance
+halls and worse were all along the river front and the sailor was their
+prey. The American Seamen's Friend Society sprang into being to improve
+the situation, and erected a fine building in Cherry Street, to give the
+men surroundings that were clean physically and spiritually. With the
+present federal laws for the protection of seamen the condition in the
+sixties can hardly be appreciated.
+
+[Illustration: Sailors' Home]
+
+Where Fulton had built his first steamboat fifty years before huge
+yellow dry-docks now rose. Additional land had been gained so that
+Water, Front and South Streets grew out of the river. All along the
+river front sailing vessels pushed their bowsprits and gilded
+figureheads far over the streets almost into the windows of the
+sail-lofts that were numerous along South Street.
+
+For these men then the Presbytery of New York on December 29, 1864,
+at 52 Market Street, organized the Presbyterian Church of the Sea and
+Land, with thirty-two members. Dr. Phillips, Rev. Rice and Rev. A. E.
+Campbell, and Elders A. B. Conger and A. B. Belknapp, were Presbytery's
+Committee, and John Simmons and John H. Cassidy were the first elders.
+
+Rev. Alexander McGlashan was installed as pastor, February 2, 1865,
+serving for a little more than a year. Ill health was the reason for his
+leaving. He died in 1867. The deacons were Henry H. Smith and Henry
+Harrison; also Philip Halle, who served for only a short time.
+
+[Illustration: 52 Market Street]
+
+On December 26, 1865, the following trustees were chosen: John H.
+Cassidy, John Simmons, Henry H. Smith, Henry Harrison, David Robb, John
+Neal, and Jas. McGlashan. At this time there were 74 members and the
+year's receipts were $2,372.67.
+
+The Sunday school was organized January 1, 1865, 25 being present, soon
+growing to 80. It had a library of 400 volumes, costing $122.25. John H.
+Cassidy was superintendent and T. M. May secretary. Wm. McCracken was
+president of the Temperance Meeting and Joseph W. Cassidy president of
+the Band of Hope.
+
+But the man that was most prominent at this time in the church's history
+is never mentioned in the official records.
+
+[Illustration: Hanson K. Corning]
+
+Hanson K. Corning was a shipping merchant, who knew from his own
+business connections the helpless condition of seamen when in port.
+
+He was born in 1810 in Hartford. The Cornings conducted a large South
+American import business, with offices at 74 South Street. Three
+generations were active in it.
+
+Hanson K. Corning lived in Brazil for a few years, paying special
+attention to the rubber business and also acting as United States
+Consul.
+
+On his return to the United States he became a member of the firm, and
+the business prospered greatly. Altho Mr. Corning in later life became
+an invalid, he went to his South Street office until 1860. Thereafter
+he gave his time completely to religious and philanthropic work.
+
+When, in the early sixties, the decline of the Market Street church
+became evident, Mr. Corning conceived the idea of making it a sailors'
+church.
+
+He entered into negotiations with the consistory and on May 1, 1866, he
+became owner of the property, paying $36,500 for it. The Church of the
+Sea and Land moved into the building about this time. The congregation
+occupied the premises rent free, and in October, 1868, the property was
+transferred to the Presbytery of New York, to insure greater permanence.
+Mr. Corning sold it for $25,000, which meant a gift of some $10,000 from
+him, the church itself giving about $1,500. James Lenox contributed
+$1,000.
+
+The deed was a peculiar one, making the Church of the Sea and Land a
+third party, and giving it the right of occupancy as long as it was in
+ecclesiastical connection with the Presbytery, "or until in the judgment
+and by vote of three-fourths of the members present at any regular
+meeting of the Presbytery it shall be decided to be no longer expedient
+to continue or sustain religious services or missionary work in that
+church or locality."
+
+It was also stated in the deed that all seats should be free, whereas in
+the Dutch church the pews were private property except that one-tenth
+of the pews were to "be free forever for the use of the poor and of
+strangers," and such pews were marked on the doors as free.
+
+This is why the new church boldly painted "seats free" over the doorway.
+
+Mr. Corning was a member of the Brick Presbyterian church, to which he
+gave considerable sums. He contributed liberally to many objects, but
+not indiscriminately, and the mission fields in Brazil, the American
+Bible Society and many other organizations were stronger for his
+munificence and wise counsel. Mr. Corning died April 22, 1878. A gift
+of Mr. Corning that the church still cherishes is its pulpit Bible.
+
+Mr. Corning's interest in the church that practically was founded by
+him has never ceased, for after his death his daughter and son again
+became interested, and the third generation is still represented in the
+officers of the church and among its givers.
+
+Rev. S. F. Farmer supplied the pulpit for a little while till John Lyle
+was installed June 25, 1867. Next January the session met almost
+continuously for the reception of members. The records show that in 1867
+and 1868 133 members were received after examination and 80 by letter.
+
+In November, 1868, Mr. Lyle was deposed by Presbytery. He died in 1881.
+
+Edward Hopper came in 1868 and on June 29, 1869, he was installed as
+pastor.
+
+[Illustration: Edward Hopper]
+
+Mr. Hopper was born on February 17, 1816, graduating from Union Seminary
+in 1842. He was pastor at Greenville, N. Y., eight years, at Sag Harbor,
+L. I., eleven years. After a short time at Plainfield, N. J., he
+accepted the call to New York. In 1871 Lafayette College conferred the
+degree of Doctor of Divinity on him.
+
+Dr. Hopper wrote a number of poems that were publisht in three volumes.
+During his Sea and Land ministry he was brought in contact with seamen
+and this finds expression in his later works taking character from life
+on the sea. Many of his verses have found place in Christian hymnology,
+notably such a lyric as "Jesus, Savior, pilot me over life's tempestuous
+sea," with that sweet verse "as a mother stills her child Thou canst
+hush the ocean wild." Another hymn was "Wrecked and struggling in mid
+ocean, clinging to a broken spar."
+
+During the Civil War Dr. Hopper had written some stirring verses, one on
+The Old Flag being especially noted.
+
+He was of fine literary taste and culture, proud of his Knickerbocker
+ancestry. Physically as well as intellectually he was every inch a man,
+with his bright eye, fine face and, in later years, a snow-white beard.
+Even in his three score years and ten a decline was hardly perceptible
+until in the fall of 1887 the companion of his lifetime and partner of
+his literary pursuits was taken from him.
+
+On April 22, 1888, his text was: "Watch, therefore, for ye know neither
+the day nor the hour wherein the Son of man cometh." Next day at noon
+his niece found him in his study chair, his pencil dropt from his
+lifeless hand. Before him was a poem: "Heaven."
+
+He left to his nieces a rather large estate, consisting principally
+of railroad stocks, with legacies for home and foreign missions. His
+investments had been made on the advice of his friend, John Taylor
+Johnson, the railroad president, who presented to the church the
+communion service that was in use for over fifty years.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+
+In Dr. Hopper's time the work of the church for seamen reached its
+highest development, and that was due to Christian A. Borella. He was a
+missionary of the American Seamen's Friend Society for twenty-one years,
+stationed at the Sailors' Home in Cherry Street, and surely a man of
+God. Borella never came to church or prayer-meeting alone: he always had
+men in tow.
+
+There was an upper room at the Sailors' Home that meant much to many
+men, and there Borella did a work that resulted in great acquisitions to
+the church. It is true that many "going down to the sea in ships" were
+never heard of again, and years afterwards nearly 400 names of seamen
+were at one time removed from the roll by the session. But again and
+again word came from all parts of the earth and in many languages from
+men that called the church blessed. It was only an exemplification of
+the wide scope of Sea and Land when a generation later one of its
+ministers chanced across one of these men in Western Australia.
+
+A feature of the prayer-meeting in those days was the reading of these
+seamen's letters, giving account of themselves to Borella. They always
+stirred the man, who would add words of Christian admonition that lacked
+nothing in definiteness.
+
+He was the right hand of Dr. Hopper, re-wrote records and generally made
+himself useful.
+
+But in his olden days he became restless and as no mission board would
+take a man of sixty-four years he went, after Dr. Hopper's death, to
+Africa at his own expense. He soon attached himself to Bishop William
+Taylor and with his master's certificate ran the missionary boat
+_Anne Taylor_ on the Congo.
+
+Bishop Taylor says of his end: "One Sunday morning we walked together to
+a preaching service at Vivi top. Captain Borella was suddenly taken ill
+and on my return there Monday morning was very low with fever. On August
+12, 1891, he fell asleep in Jesus, and we buried him under a huge baobab
+tree at Vivi top."
+
+[Illustration: Christian A. Borella]
+
+Physically he was stockily built, well knit and evidently a strong man,
+always neat, but exceedingly plain in dress. He was born in Southern
+Denmark, of Spanish ancestry. His modest fortune he had made in
+California in '49, and his conversion was under Father Taylor when
+Borella came under his influence in Boston. It was Father Taylor of whom
+Walt Whitman said that he was "the one essentially perfect orator" he
+had ever heard.
+
+After several voyages Borella became "cold and a backslider," and an eye
+disease nearly blinded him. "The Lord cured my blindness, physical and
+spiritual, and I promist him then that I would serve him the rest of my
+life," and he did it with the virility and sternness of an Old Testament
+prophet.
+
+Borella was succeeded by Captain William Dollar, a dear old saint, who
+was stationed at the Sailors' Home for twelve years.
+
+The church's work in these earlier days was simple enough,
+prayer-meeting Thursdays, then Wednesdays, and temperance meeting under
+McClellan and Campbell on Friday. But on Sunday, besides the two long
+church services there was Sunday school, morning and afternoon, and
+young people's meeting preceding the evening service.
+
+When the sailing vessels were still along South Street, meetings were
+held on ships as opportunity offered.
+
+In 1882 the interior of the church was papered and painted by Elder B.
+A. Carlan at a cost of less than $1,000. New cushions, carpets, etc.,
+brought the total up to $1,564.
+
+The one annual event was the Sunday school excursion, when all went on
+board a barge, which was towed by a tug to a grove on the sound or on
+the Hudson. Dancing was tabooed, but a "melodeon" was carted to the dock
+and hymns were sung. The tickets were fifty cents for adults, but Sunday
+school children were free. Robert S. Taylor, veteran secretary, was
+chief ticket seller, not only on the dock that morning, but in Wall
+Street for weeks before. The president of the Temperance Society once or
+twice put in an excursion just ahead of that of the Sunday school, and
+there was dancing. But this was generally disapproved.
+
+Miss Fanny Crosby often came to the Primary in those days and many of
+her hymns were first sung there. Mr. Blackwood, her attendant, married
+Miss Devlin, the teacher of the class.
+
+In those days Market and Henry Streets had many two-story and attic
+houses and in almost every one of those about the church people lived
+who went there.
+
+Teachers whose names stand out about this time were: Hans Norsk, James
+Brown, Thomas Miller, William Stevenson, Evan Price, James Smith,
+William Gibson, Robert Pierce, Dr. Theodore A. Vanduzee, Jesse Povey,
+Mrs. B. C. Lefler, Mrs. S. M. Nelson.
+
+The excursions gave rise to a committee of young people who started to
+provide amusements other than dancing: swings, songs, and so on. There
+came also an "executive committee" that asked many questions, and Dr.
+Hopper, in a courteous and kindly way answered them in full: that was
+the first report made to the congregation. Till then the annual meeting
+had consisted of reading the names of the subscribers who had
+contributed by means of the monthly envelopes, and the amounts they
+gave.
+
+But Charles J. Lemaire could not understand why this excursion amusement
+committee should not become a permanent organization with literary
+purposes. Thus began the Lylian Association that for twenty years was
+a mainstay of the church and in its days of dire necessity was a vital
+factor. From it came the young men that in later years were trustees,
+and it was the opening wedge that was to transform the whole church
+work.
+
+When two of the young men came to the trustees for permission for a
+literary society to meet weekly, it was questioned whether anything but
+religious meetings might be held in the building. But after serious
+reflection the two were made personally responsible for good order,
+provided always meetings were opened and closed with prayer.
+
+In a day when the young people had no outlet whatever for their active
+spirits the Lylian Association became a training school for the church.
+The debates of that day will never be forgotten, notably when the
+Lylians wrested the laurel wreath from the Goldeys at Clarendon Hall,
+and that other one, when Dr. Hopper suddenly appeared at a meeting and
+after an impromptu debate "showing every evidence of being well
+prepared," as he said, some consciences were ill at ease.
+
+Then there was the Gossip's Journal, provoking endless parliamentary
+wrangles, and perhaps helping to develop later on an editor. Memorable
+were the Young People's Conventions of 1886 and 1887, and Lylians will
+never forget the patriot Kromm, Spoopendyke Shreve, the poet laureate
+and a dozen others. The Fourth of July picnics at Pamrapo and Nyack are
+happy memories for many.
+
+Like the old Market Street stoop with its fancy iron posts and rails
+the Lylian Association has seen its day, but it amply justified its
+existence.
+
+When one Monday evening Mr. Pinkham, the church treasurer, announced to
+the Lylians the sudden death of Dr. Hopper, there was consternation and
+adjournment.
+
+Andrew Beattie, a theological student, had been called before this
+as co-pastor. He was installed as pastor May 29, 1888, having been
+persuaded to give up his intention of going to the foreign field. Mr.
+Beattie lived down town, and his bachelor apartments on East Broadway
+were a gathering place for the young men, many of whom were in his Sunday
+school class. He with others worked out the system of quarterly written
+examination and grading that since 1888 have been uninterruptedly in force
+in the Sunday school, long before other schools thought of such things.
+
+[Illustration: Andrew Beattie]
+
+The school was flourishing with many young people as officers and
+teachers, all the activities of the church being centered on its
+nursery. The records were systematized, and articles in the church
+papers printed on the system, electric bells were installed, fire
+drills were inaugurated, discipline was rigid, visiting by teachers
+and districts was carefully regulated, the library given attention.
+Mr. Beattie returned to his first love, resigning after eight months
+to go to the foreign mission field. After years of greatest usefulness
+in Canton, China, his health necessitated his return. Dr. Beattie is
+with his family in California, where he is in charge of a Presbyterian
+orphanage.
+
+[Illustration: Sunday School Room of Old 61]
+
+
+
+
+V
+
+
+[Illustration: Alex. W. Sproull]
+
+Reverend Alexander W. Sproull followed Mr. Beattie on January 5, 1890,
+serving for three years. He had been Synodical Missionary in Florida.
+After leaving Sea and Land he was incapacitated for further active
+service. He died December 13, 1912.
+
+[Illustration: Col. Robert G. Shaw]
+
+Another breach was made in the conservatism of the old church when
+one of the young trustees proposed to let the New York Kindergarten
+Association use the room rent free for a kindergarten, then new in the
+neighborhood. The older, wiser heads were gravely shaken at this
+remarkable innovation, but it came on March 31, 1892, and with it the
+beloved Anna E. Crawford as teacher. The fairy godmother who maintained
+it was Mrs. Francis G. Shaw, giving the kindergarten the name of her
+son, Robert Gould Shaw. It was a happy combination this, and the little
+boys became strong men in the memory of the young Colonel who gave his
+life at Fort Wagner at the head of the First Colored Regiment. They
+buried him disdainfully "with his niggers," but Robert Gould Shaw lived
+again in the lives of little boys trained to sacrifice at Sea and Land.
+Nor will the Colonel's sister be forgotten: Mrs. Charles Russell Lowell,
+who gave her young husband in the same cause and thereafter lived a life
+that merited William Rhinelander Stewart calling her "one of the most
+useful and remarkable women of the Nineteenth Century." Her spirit of
+service was renewed in the little girls of the Shaw Kindergarten. The
+beautiful bas relief by St. Gaudens on Boston Common is less of a
+memorial than the kindergarten in Henry Street.
+
+Mrs. Shaw died December 29, 1902, having supported the kindergarten for
+eleven years.
+
+[Illustration: Shaw Memorial Kindergarten]
+
+Another departure was an open air meeting establisht by Mr. Sproull,
+gathering at the church door Sunday afternoons. First things are hard
+things.
+
+But a storm was brewing. Uptown churches needed money, their pastors
+were influential in the denomination and it seemed to many good business
+to dispose of the Market Street church.
+
+So, on March 13, 1893, Presbytery ordered the church sold, declaring, to
+comply with the Corning deed, that "missionary work in the church or in
+that locality was no longer expedient." The church pointed out that 29
+of the 57 churches in New York Presbytery had received less members
+during the preceding year, 16 churches had fewer members, 14 churches
+raised less money, and that 6 churches made a worse showing than Sea and
+Land in every single item reported on. There were then only 4 Protestant
+churches for 60,000 people. The battle was on, and the bitterness of the
+Briggs trial had not yet subsided,--the same Briggs who as a young man
+belonged to Market Street church.
+
+Mr. Sproull's small salary allowance was discontinued and he was forced
+to resign, July 1, 1893. Then came hard times, no friends, no minister,
+no funds. But when the tale of bricks was doubled Moses came.
+
+It was in the shape of a legacy from Borella. That saint on his death in
+Africa had left his estate in America to the Church of the Sea and Land
+and the American Seamen's Friend Society jointly. If Borella had lived
+he could not have arranged it for a better time.
+
+Meanwhile by an accident the press of the city gained the whole story
+from the church's viewpoint, and thereafter all the news reports were
+tinged favorably to the down-town church that insisted on living. There
+were illustrated articles on the church's history, caustic editorial
+comments, letters from correspondents, and everybody talked about the
+church. The ash barrels and the church doors had bills posted on them
+announcing that the Church of the Sea and Land would be sold at auction
+on April 19, 1893. The property, however, was withdrawn when the best
+offer was $15,000 short of what was expected. There was a lull.
+
+In the spring of 1894 it became necessary to devise some means of
+helping the New York Presbyterian Church on 127th Street, which was
+buried by mortgages amounting to $118,000, about to be foreclosed.
+Sea and Land was to furnish part of this and a mortgage was suggested.
+The church trustees opposed this successfully, altho at first it was
+supposed their consent was not required. Without the knowledge of the
+church a sale was then again ordered January 18, 1895.
+
+Preceding this, beginning October 1, 1894, the church had "affiliated"
+with the Madison Square Presbyterian church. As Presbytery had formally
+approved this the Madison Square church remonstrated vigorously thru Dr.
+Parkhurst, but feeling that Presbytery's action could not be relied on
+the Madison Square church withdrew at the expiration of its one year of
+affiliation.
+
+Committees of prominent clergymen visited the church and were "warmly"
+welcomed. It was suggested that Sea and Land unite with other churches,
+but it is a singular fact that, as when the Reformed church disbanded,
+so now, not a single church is in existence that was then mentioned for
+a refuge. A case in point is the Allen Street Presbyterian church. They
+had sold their building near Grand Street and for a time worshipt in the
+Market Street church. But in spite of earnest solicitation they erected
+an unfortunate structure in an unfortunate location in Forsyth Street.
+After a short existence there they united with the Fourteenth Street
+church, and that church is no more!
+
+Even the strong Madison Square church no longer preserves its identity.
+
+Meanwhile work went on, at first in desultory fashion, two or three
+times the young men had to conduct services. But thru it all Dr. A. F.
+Schauffler, of the New York City Mission Society, was the church's
+consistent friend. His order to the city missionaries at the church to
+stay until the doors were shut was the one heartening feature of a time
+when the officers ordered the blue church flag raised and "no one from
+Sea and Land will ever take it down."
+
+The Women's Branch always ably seconded these efforts under Mrs. Lucy S.
+Bainbridge and later Miss Edith N. White.
+
+[Illustration: Old Church Flag]
+
+Instead of slowly dying out the work of the church gained momentum
+from day to day: Lodging house meetings, Sunday afternoon teas, free
+concerts, addresses by Gompers, McGlynn, Henry George, Parkhurst and
+others, sermons "against thugs in politics," and so on.
+
+A permanent accomplishment of the nine months' intense regime of
+Alexander F. Irvine was the starting of _The Sea and Land Monthly_, the
+first number of which appeared in October, 1893. With characteristic
+impetuosity Mr. Irvine launched it, and it has been afloat for more than
+a quarter century.
+
+The _Monthly_ has been a great storehouse: not only did it give from
+month to month the happenings at the church, but it brought to later
+generations an appreciation of the goodly heritage of years that had
+gone before.
+
+The vital events in the congregation's history were recorded, but so was
+the personal history of its people. The coming of little messengers to
+the homes, their baptism, their reception into the church, their
+marriage, their death. Then began another cycle like unto the first.
+
+And the _Monthly_ kept alive the interest of many a Sea and Lander who
+was adrift. It gave account of its stewardship to the friends of the
+church who supported its work. Few churches ever publish with such detail
+the annual reports as does Sea and Land.
+
+Many are the kind words from near and far that have been said about the
+_Sea and Land Monthly_.
+
+
+
+
+VI
+
+
+[Illustration: John Hopkins Denison]
+
+But if the Madison Square church withdrew officially it left behind more
+than the old church ever expected. It was a young man who, in October,
+1894, reported to the Sunday school superintendent as coming from
+Madison Square. He was John Hopkins Denison, a grandson of Mark Hopkins,
+of fine New England stock. He had come to New York to become Dr.
+Parkhurst's assistant when he was making war on Tammany. Those were the
+days of the City Vigilance League, when unsavory revelations were
+necessary to effect a change in city government. There was a meeting
+which crowded the old church to the second galleries when Dr. Parkhurst
+spoke. It was a noble battle and not without its dangers.
+
+So when the Madison Square church went, Mr. Denison staid, and he was
+a prodigious worker. The quarters in the tower were enlarged for there
+were many visitors who bunked there.
+
+[Illustration: The Tower Study]
+
+Mr. Denison set out to prove the right of the church to existence and he
+did it. He did more: he brought no end of friends that remained to the
+church. The thought of Cuyler to establish a mission, of Parkhurst to
+affiliate the church with a stronger one, was developed under Denison
+into an organization amply supported by the whole church, working out
+by itself its own local problems. It was no longer a self-evident
+proposition that a church not able to support itself must go.
+
+[Illustration: 52 Henry Street]
+
+One of the early steps was the establishment of a church house at 52
+Henry Street. Mr. Denison said: "It was not an institution--it was not
+even a settlement; it was simply a house where people lived. The time
+is gone by for men and women to come down as outsiders and pry into the
+homes of poverty and sin, and then return to their own life far away.
+One must live in a community, one must be a neighbor."
+
+Mr. John Crosby Brown was the munificent friend who made the house
+possible, Miss Mae M. Brown being a deeply interested resident there.
+Mrs. Rockwell was in charge, then Miss Eleanor J. Crawford. It was the
+center for all social activities, tastefully fitted up, the ladies
+working at the church living on the upper floors. In the same house Sea
+and Land people had lived for many years: the Stevensons, the Boyces,
+Miss McGarry.
+
+In 1906 the building was torn down and other arrangements had to be
+made. For a time apartments were occupied at 138 Henry Street and 51
+Market Street.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The Fresh Air Work, too, was put on a permanent basis. Besides making
+the church the local station for the Tribune Fresh Air Fund, houses
+were rented at Rockaway for five years, later at Huntington, until in
+a more recent time Staten Island property was bought. Later years saw
+an extension of this work to Schenectady, where Dr. Bigelow of blessed
+memory headed it.
+
+Under the auspices of William W. Seymour,--of course he was not mayor of
+Tacoma then,--the first boys' camp was establisht at North Hero, Vt., and
+is still a glorious memory. The girls were welcomed at Litchfield and
+Saybrook.
+
+Not only did money flow in readily, but it was quite the thing for young
+ministers and theological students to spend a year, a summer or a winter
+at Sea and Land, and they did not study books: they worked on men and
+women at all hours. If some wretch got into trouble some one to whom he
+was assigned had not been vigilant enough. Before Hoover made a world
+reputation for himself, Denison studied food economics, and he proved it
+by having the group live on a minimum allowance. Then he preached on
+what was economical living.
+
+The most prominent men spoke in the church: Dr. Paton from the New
+Hebrides; Dr. Grenfell from Labrador, Dr. Van Dyke and a hundred others.
+
+University extension ideas were anticipated in courses of study, the
+men of the church were put to work writing independent Sunday school
+lessons, the teachers had pedagogical talks and studied Biblical
+masterpieces. The girls were taken to sing in Rutgers Square and it
+was not always safe to do it either. The Upper Room was establisht in
+Rutgers Street, then the Lighthouse in Water Street, a fine stereopticon
+was in frequent use. The Men's Club, under George M. Bailey, prospered
+like the green bay tree, drawing men of all classes. A design for a
+church flag was adopted. Sports were encouraged. Numerous clubs were
+organized, among them the Good Time Club, also the Penny Provident and
+the Helping Hand. Nursing was taken up; sewing and cooking classes,
+model flats and cottage meetings started. Magazine and newspaper
+articles commented on unusual sermons, such as the one on the balloons.
+Addresses at Northfield, Silver Bay and other places called attention
+to the church's work in ever-widening circles, Hamilton House came into
+being, but without organic connection with the church.
+
+[Illustration: New Church Flag]
+
+In short, Mr. Denison's compelling personality and enormous capacity for
+work put others to work, so that in the summer of 1895 9,546 persons
+were brought together in the old church in five weeks.
+
+So men and women came and went, some of them wrote books and magazine
+articles about the work with more or less accuracy. Mr. Denison's own
+poems were more appreciated by those who knew.
+
+The force of it all was irresistible, and so the last trace of
+opposition in Presbytery and elsewhere disappeared. On November 11,
+1895, the sale of the property was called off, and $2,000 a year paid
+for three years. Ever since Presbyterians and others have been proud
+of the outpost the united church is maintaining at Market and Henry
+Streets. It is a happy memory that all of the men who in Presbytery
+supported sale resolutions became staunch friends of the church.
+
+Mr. Denison was not ordained when first he came to Market Street, but
+this was done later at Williamstown in the College Chapel. On entering
+New York Presbytery his installation as regular pastor of the Church
+of the Sea and Land was effected March 23, 1899.
+
+In 1894 Mrs. Shaw spent considerable money fixing up the lecture room
+and in 1896 a new roof was put on the church at an expense of $600.
+
+Mr. Denison made a tour of the world, being absent from November, 1900,
+to October, 1901.
+
+Among the men working under Mr. Denison was Horace Day, a young
+theological student who gave his life after a brief but intense period
+of work.
+
+In Mr. Denison's time, too, falls the best work of Mrs. Eliza E.
+Rockwell. She was indefatigable, beloved of many, none too far gone to
+merit her attention, nothing too hard to do. She, too, laid down her
+life as a sacrifice. Even Mr. Denison's book, "Beside the Bowery,"
+insufficiently tells the full measure of her devotion for the thirteen
+years she was at Sea and Land. Her last message to the trustees was:
+"I died in harness." It was on March 14, 1908.
+
+One of the men of that day was Edward Dowling. As a tinker he wandered
+about distributing tracts, speaking the word in truth, and returning
+during the winter to be factotum in the tower. In that kindly old soul
+few guessed the old fighter in India. Did he really know the place where
+priceless treasures were hid beside an old idol?
+
+One of the men in whom united the Sea and Land of the staid old ways
+and the boundless energy of later days was John Denham. He lived to
+see the day when the boy in the primary of the school of which he was
+superintendent for years sat beside him in the session. He was the
+living embodiment of that perennial spirit in the Church of Christ which
+ever adjusts itself to new conditions and never loses sight of its main
+object.
+
+Mr. Denham's strong point was with the older people. It was
+characteristic to have him read his Bible, quietly take up his hat
+nearby and pay a visit.
+
+When on February 4, 1910, John Denham went home to the Master whom he
+had served thru a long life the younger men first felt the burden of
+things: the senior elder was no more. He had held open the door of the
+church for many a one and they had entered in.
+
+[Illustration: John Denham]
+
+Mr. Denison left the church December 31, 1902, to take up work in
+Boston. It was a great loss, but as one of the officers said: "What
+shall we do when Mr. Denison leaves? Why, what we always do at Sea
+and Land: the best we know how."
+
+Dr. William Adams Brown said: "None know better than the people of Sea
+and Land how costly the contribution which they have been called to make
+to the spiritual welfare of a sister city."
+
+It was H. Roswell Bates, who, in the Spring Street Presbyterian church,
+worked out Mr. Denison's plans, as he had helped to formulate them at
+the old Market Street church while he was resident there.
+
+
+
+
+VII
+
+
+Mr. Denison was succeeded by his assistant, William Raymond Jelliffe.
+They had been close friends, Mr. Jelliffe leaving business and entering
+the ministry while at Sea and Land. He was ordained June 7, 1900, having
+been at the church since May, 1893. He left December 31, 1905, to join
+Mr. Denison in Boston, and later came to the Madison Avenue Presbyterian
+church as assistant. Mr. Jelliffe did fundamental work with the Young
+People's Society, that has been a staunch support of the church ever
+since.
+
+Rev. Orrin Giddings Cocks next headed the church's work. In his time the
+financial affairs of the church were further strengthened and Mr. Cocks
+is still an officer of the church which he has served many years.
+
+Following the custom, Mr. Cocks' assistant, Rev. Russell Stanley
+Gregory, next directed the work, being ordained June 25, 1908, and
+taking charge at the close of the year. He was at the church ten years.
+
+[Illustration: Old 61 Henry Street]
+
+In 1909 the old Consistory Building was torn down. It held precious
+memories for many, for in spite of its limitations it had in its 66
+years given a service that had included about everything one could
+imagine connected with church work. It had sheltered Sunday school,
+Lylians, innumerable clubs, a kindergarten, not to speak of the earlier
+days when prayer-meetings, school, temperance and Young Men's Christian
+Association meetings exerted an influence that went out far beyond its
+narrow walls. Even the stoop that had been worn by many feet, some very
+little, had caused a poet to sing. It all went.
+
+The new building that took its place was splendidly planned by Cady &
+Gregory. It houses every activity of a modern church. Club rooms for
+girls, boys and men, gymnasium, showers, kitchens, kindergarten rooms,
+first-aid rooms, and quarters for the ladies in residence. There is a
+roof garden where on hot summer evenings services and other gatherings
+may be held.
+
+[Illustration: New 61 Henry Street]
+
+The friends of the church came to its assistance in such munificent
+manner that not a single contract was made until subscriptions covering
+it were in the hands of the trustees, and in every instance the actual
+cash was in the treasury before payments came due. When, on May 3, 1910,
+the building was opened with appropriate exercises there was a balance
+on hand more than sufficient for all claims. It cost $43,000.
+
+[Illustration: Oakwood House Before Renovation]
+
+Another important achievement comes in this time. For years the church
+had been moving about in rented quarters for fresh air work, finally
+landing on Staten Island for several years. An option had been secured
+on a house with over eight acres of ground at Oakwood Heights, and after
+a year's occupancy that proved its availability, it was bought December
+30, 1912, and next year some additional land was acquired, including
+ocean front. The funds collected were sufficient to pay for house and
+land, as well as a new bungalow and thoro overhauling of the old but
+substantial house. As in the case of the new Sixty One all moneys needed
+were in hand before they were required. On every occasion the people of
+the church themselves have contributed amounts that were sacrifices
+considering their limited means.
+
+[Illustration: Oakwood House]
+
+The Fresh Air Fund is entirely separate from the General Fund of the
+church, and each year the expenses are covered by special subscriptions,
+in the collection of which Mr. George C. Fraser and Mrs. Stephen Baker
+have greatly interested themselves for many years. In its early days
+Miss Helen Gould was one of the good friends of the Fresh Air Fund.
+
+Mr. Gregory left December 1, 1913, to go to East Aurora, N. Y., and was
+succeeded by Rev. John Ewing Steen, who had been ordained at the church
+on October 13, 1910.
+
+In 1917 Mr. Steen left suddenly for France in company with Mr. Gregory
+for Young Men's Christian Association work with the army, Mr. Denison
+being there also.
+
+On Mr. Steen's leaving a hurry call brought Mr. Alfred D. Moore back
+once more, under whom the preparations for the church's centennial were
+taken up in spite of stress of war and inadequate assistance.
+
+[Illustration: Cooking School Kitchen]
+
+
+
+
+VIII
+
+
+Work among the cosmopolitan population surrounding the church has had
+various phases during these years.
+
+In Dr. Hopper's time the Scandinavian element among Borella's men
+predominated, and there was also a small Syrian group at the church,
+but no services in any language but English were maintained.
+
+Later, home classes in German for the parents of many of the children
+were kept up for a number of years.
+
+Work among the Jews was carried on for several years and with success,
+if numbers count. But the methods of the leader were not approved and
+so the trustees after investigation discontinued the meetings. Dr.
+John Hall, of the Fifth Avenue church, then most prominent, earnestly
+supported the man, but in afteryears the correctness of the position
+taken by Market Street was abundantly proven.
+
+Greek services were supported for quite a while, and since 1914 Russian
+has been maintained under Mr. Nicholas Motin.
+
+Italian services have been of all these most successful. Rev. Joseph A.
+Villelli, who was ordained June 23, 1910, has managed these with tact
+and ability "and the Lord added to the church daily such as should be
+saved." A separate Sunday school is maintained, but with the idea of
+gradual amalgamation, a process that is also proving its wisdom along
+other lines of the church's work.
+
+The advice and active support of men great in business have for many
+years been at the disposal of the church. From the days of Matthias
+Bruen, the merchant princes of this great city have been loyal friends,
+to mention only Hanson K. Corning, father, daughter, grandson, William
+E. Dodge--for three generations,--and John Crosby Brown and his family.
+
+Along with the sainted Denham should be mentioned Benjamin F. Pinkham,
+who for twenty years acted as treasurer of the church. He was a quiet
+man, faithful in every duty, averse to discussion. When the Lord called
+him home his accounts were in perfect order: a few minutes proved his
+balance, a space was left for next Sunday's collection in his book.
+
+There were sweet singers in Israel, too, who as precentors and choir
+leaders have brought out the best there was of tuneful harmony, men like
+Henry Carpenter, George T. Matthews, Henry Edwards, Allan Robinson,
+William P. Dunn.
+
+Thru the years some who have cared for the buildings stood out. Charles
+Greer in the early days, Evan Price, a sturdy Welshman, who died in
+service, Christian C. Pedersen, who returned to the same post years
+afterwards. In Mr. Denison's time David J. Ranney served, attaining
+later to the dignity of city missionary and an autobiography. John A.
+Ross will be remembered for his omniscience as to people and things
+about the old church.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+So the old Kirk on Rutgers Farm has stood a hundred years. From its
+vaulted dome have echoed with no uncertain sound the voices of men like
+the scholarly Milledoler or the indefatigable Denison, a hundred leaders
+of men whose words and works have swayed the hearts of men.
+
+Down the broad aisles walked the stately Dutchman, the proud
+Knickerbocker, the great merchant, the stolid seaman, the busy New
+Yorker,--to go out and by deeds of victory in times of peace and
+unflinching loyalty when war's heavy heels trod the land they helped
+make a great city greater and a mighty nation mightier still.
+
+Never has this been a selfish, self-contained organism, but a living,
+throbbing influence that went out beyond the shadow of its gray walls,
+prodigal in giving to others the good things of the gospel that were
+fostered there. Many a church at home and abroad has cause to bless
+Market Street for the men and women that she brought up in the nurture
+and admonition of the Lord.
+
+"We are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, a great
+multitude, which no man could number." All who have come have felt the
+spell of the place, for in its dim seclusion still speak the men of old.
+It is peopled with a long procession of saints and sages, mariners and
+merchants, scholars and poets, now of the church triumphant: memories
+that consecrate the souls of men and banish ignoble thoughts. Here is an
+altar sacred to hosts of men and women, the holy of holies of their
+noblest aspirations.
+
+"Mark well her bulwarks, that ye may tell it to the generation
+following." As the years roll on children and children's children will
+arise and call those blessed whose fidelity thru a century has preserved
+for them a holy place where "men still renew their youth."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+JESUS, SAVIOR, PILOT ME
+
+
+  Jesus, Savior, pilot me,
+  Over life's tempestuous sea;
+  Unknown waves before me roll,
+  Hiding rock and treacherous shoal;
+  Chart and compass come from Thee,
+  Jesus, Savior, pilot me.
+
+  When the apostle's fragile bark
+  Struggled with the billows dark
+  On the stormy Galilee,
+  Thou didst walk upon the sea;
+  And when they beheld Thy form
+  Safe they glided thru the storm.
+
+  Tho the sea be smooth and bright,
+  Sparkling with the stars of night,
+  And my ship's path be ablaze
+  With the light of halcyon days,
+  Still I know my need of Thee;
+  Jesus, Savior, pilot me.
+
+  When the darkling heavens frown.
+  And the wrathful winds come down,
+  And the fierce waves, tost on high,
+  Lash themselves against the sky,
+  Jesus, Savior, pilot me.
+  Over life's tempestuous sea.
+
+  As a mother stills her child
+  Thou canst hush the ocean wild;
+  Boisterous waves obey Thy will
+  When Thou sayest to them "Be still."
+  Wondrous Sovereign of the sea,
+  Jesus, Savior, pilot me.
+
+  When at last I near the shore,
+  And the fearful breakers roar,
+  'Twixt me and the peaceful rest,
+  Then, while leaning on Thy breast,
+  May I hear Thee say to me,
+  "Fear not, I will pilot thee."
+
+
+Edward Hopper.
+
+
+
+
+THE OLD CHURCH
+
+
+  The old church long has stood,--
+    For ages may it stand,
+  Storehouse of heavenly food
+    And lighthouse of the land.
+
+  Within its sacred walls
+    What thousands, now asleep,
+  Where its blest shadow falls
+    Have bowed to pray and weep!
+
+  Old church, with doctrines old
+    As God's eternal truth,
+  Within its sacred fold
+    Men still renew their youth.
+
+  Still in its water springs,
+    Whose streams are never dry,
+  Hope bathes her drooping wings,
+    And gathers strength to fly.
+
+  Still from its tower of light
+    The radiant truth is given
+  To cheer men thru the night
+    And guide them on to heaven.
+
+
+Edward Hopper.
+
+
+
+
+THE OLD FLAG
+
+
+  Flag of the brave and free!
+  Flag of our Liberty!
+      Of thee we sing;
+  Flag of our father's pride,
+  With their pure heart's-blood dyed,
+  When fighting side by side,
+      Our pledge we bring.
+
+  By their pure martyr-blood
+  Poured on Columbia's sod
+      For Liberty;
+  By all their deeds of old,
+  Their hunger, thirst and cold,
+  Their battles fierce and bold,
+      We'll stand by thee!
+
+  Thy 'venging stripes shall wave
+  To guard the homes they gave;
+      Thy stars shall shine
+  Upon oppression's night,
+  To give the patriot light
+  And make the dark world bright
+      With hope divine.
+
+  We pledge our heart and hand
+  To bear thee o'er the land
+      That God made free,--
+  Till all its vales and hills,
+  Its rivers and its rills,--
+  Till the whole nation thrills
+      With victory!
+
+  Fear not, O Ship of State!
+  Tho pirates with fierce hate
+      May cross thy sea:--
+  Fear not; at thy mast head
+  We've nailed the blue, white, red
+  Old Flag! Our fathers bled,
+      And so can we!
+
+  We love each tattered rag
+  Of that old war-rent flag
+      Of Liberty!
+  Flag of great Washington!
+  Flag of brave Anderson!
+  Flag of each mother's son
+      Who dares be free!
+
+  O God, our banner save!
+  Make it for ages waves!
+      God save our flag!
+  Preserve its honor pure,
+  Unstained may it endure,
+  And keep our freedom sure;
+      God save our flag!
+
+
+Edward Hopper.
+
+_April, 1861._
+
+
+
+
+RALLY SONG
+
+
+THE BANNER.
+
+  Soldier, hast thou halted,--
+    Shrinking from the foe,--
+  Friendless, beaten, taunted,
+    Helpless in thy woe?
+  Rally to the standard!
+    God shall surely win!
+  With Him thou shall triumph
+    Over Death and Sin!
+
+THE WHITE.
+
+  Hast thou stumbled, fallen?
+    Have they passed thee by?
+  In the filth, despairing,
+    Have they let thee lie?
+  Up! rise up, and follow
+    Yonder folds of white!
+  Thou shalt share their brightness,
+    Triumph in their light!
+
+THE BLUE.
+
+  Dost thou feel the darkness
+    Near the gates of death?
+  Dost thou shrink in terror
+    At its icy breath?
+  Lo! the flag is o'er thee
+    With its field of blue!
+  It shall guide thee homewards!
+    Man, thy God is true!
+
+THE RED CROSS.
+
+  Is the conflict bitter?
+    Art thou faint; at last,
+  Struggling, panting, straining,
+    Foul fiends hold thee fast?
+  Rouse thyself and smite them!
+    Raise thy standard high!
+  See, its cross is o'er thee!
+    Christ, the Lord, is nigh!
+
+THE SPADE AND ANCHOR.
+
+  Christian, hast thou left us--
+    Left the battle line?
+  Idling, straggling, wand'ring,
+    Heedless of the sign?
+  Hark! the trumpet calls thee!
+    With us heart and hand
+  Raise the Spade and Anchor!
+    Strike for Sea and Land!
+
+
+John Hopkins Denison.
+
+
+
+
+THE SHADOW OF THE WALL
+
+
+  Let us stay a while and listen to the voices of the past,
+  Softly echoing, vaguely lingering, e'er they fade away at last,
+  Dreaming in a dusky corner of the quaint, blue-panelled pew
+  While the massive walls of granite shut the hurrying crowds from view,
+  And the street's loud clang and clatter, screams of rage and cries of pain,
+  And the endless plodding, thudding, of tired feet in quest of gain
+  Muffled by a shroud of silence sounds a thousand miles away,
+  And the past is hovering round us with its ghostly, dim array,
+  Flitting by in vague procession, up the aisleway, down the hall,
+  While we lurk here, snugly sheltered, shadowed by the massive wall.
+
+  Stately dominies, wig-powdered, all in gowns of silk arrayed;
+  Fairest dames, slim and high-waisted, clad in flowered, quaint brocade;
+  Smart young captains, bold as pirates, with their slaves all gaunt and black;
+  Stout old Dutchmen and their ladies, gowned as in a miller's sack--
+  How they flit past in the gloaming, thru the huge, high-vaulted hall,
+  While we lurk here, snugly sheltered, shadowed by the massive wall.
+
+  Others come, some wan and haggard, heavy-lined and weary-eyed;
+  Some with faces flushed and fevered, hearts aflame and hands fast tied.
+  Others stand with frozen heart-strings, bitter, haughty, desolate;
+  Some creep past in shame, fresh quivering from some thrust of scorn or hate.
+  In they throng, all seeking respite from the cruel world's maddening call,
+  Seeking peace in the dim silence, shadowed by the massive wall.
+
+  Other voices, sweet and child-like, linger in the dusky vault,
+  Cries of babes and tiny maidens, sweet since free from conscious fault,
+  Here they gather, brown and rosy, golden-haired and crowned with jet,
+  Glowing cheeks and eyes that dance, where innocence and joy are met.
+  While without are screams and curses, loathsome vice and drunken brawls,
+  Here within, God's flowers are sheltered in the shadow of these walls.
+
+  Still they stand, a hold unshaken, while the turbid stream of life
+  Swirls around their bulwarks, brawling, black with sin, with sorrows rife,
+  While still from the dizzy whirlpool drowning souls creep to the door;
+  For the House of God, unchanging, stands now and forevermore.
+  Struggling in life's lonely battle, wounded, faint with many falls
+  We have found a mighty fortress in the shadow of these walls.
+
+
+John Hopkins Denison.
+
+
+
+
+MINISTERS
+
+
+_Market Street Dutch Reformed Church_
+
+  1820-1835 William McMurray, D.D. [+] 1835.
+  1836-1853 Isaac Ferris, D.D., [+] 1873.
+  1853-1860 Theodore  Ledyard  Cuyler,  D.D., [+] 1909.
+  1861-1862 Chauncey D. Murray.
+  1863-1865 Jacob C. Dutcher.
+
+_Presbyterian Church of the Sea and Land_
+
+  1865-1866 Alexander McGlashan, D.D., [+] 1867.
+  1867-1868 John Lyle, [+] 1881.
+  1869-1888 Edward Hopper, D.D., [+] 1888.
+  1888-1889 Andrew Beattie, Ph.D.; San Anselmo, Cal.
+  1890-1893 Alexander W. Sproull, D.D., [+] 1912.
+  1895-1902 John Hopkins Denison; France.
+  1903-1905 William Raymond Jelliffe; New York.
+  1906-1908 Orrin Giddings Cocks; New York.
+  1909-1913 Russell Stanley Gregory; East Aurora, N. Y.
+  1914-1917 John Ewing Steen; France.
+  1910      Joseph Anthony Villelli.
+  1917      Alfred D. Moore.
+  1919      Russell J. Clinchy.
+
+
+
+
+STUDENTS AT MARKET STREET CHURCH, ORDAINED LATER
+
+    "It has been the high purpose of this church to train a
+    type of minister for whom the hard places of life are places
+    of honor, and who have been going out from there spreading
+    the contagion of that idea in the ministry of to-day, making
+    this church a great training school for a new order of
+    ministers."--_George Alexander, D.D._
+
+
+  Thomas B. Anderson.
+  W. K. Anderson.
+  David Baines-Griffiths [+].
+  H. Roswell Bates [+].
+  C. G. Bausmann [+].
+  Andrew Beattie, California.
+  Samuel Boult [+].
+  Russell Bowie.
+  Herbert H. Brown.
+  Edward S. Cobb, Japan.
+  Orrin G. Cocks, New York.
+  Henry J. Condit.
+  Fred W. Cutler.
+  Avac Cutujian, Syria.
+  Gustave J. d'Anchise.
+  William O. Davis.
+  J. Hopkins Denison, France.
+  Tyler W. Dennett.
+  Bayard Dodge, Syria.
+  Ray C. Donnan.
+  Charles E. Dunn.
+  William P. Dunn.
+  Dwight W. Edwards.
+  Carl Elmore, France.
+  Robert Elmore.
+  Chester B. Emerson.
+  Robert Falconer.
+  Frank Fitt, Illinois.
+  Luther Fowle, Turkey.
+  John H. Freeman, Laos.
+  Herbert Gallaudet.
+  Robert G. Gottschall.
+  Walter Grafton.
+  Russell S. Gregory, East Aurora, N. Y.
+  W. R. Grigg.
+  Rowland B. Haynes, New York.
+  Lewis B. Hillis.
+  George Hughes.
+  Alexander F. Irvine.
+  W. Raymond Jelliffe, New York.
+  Olin C. Jones.
+  Francis W. Lawson.
+  E. Trumbull Lee.
+  Edwin C. Lobenstine, China.
+  Herman Lohmann.
+  Joseph A. Lucey.
+  Martin F. Luther.
+  Donald B. Macfarlane.
+  A. Maclaren.
+  Farquhar D. MacRae, Canada.
+  R. George McLeod.
+  Alfred D. Moore, New York.
+  DuBois S. Morris, China.
+  J. Grant Newman, Ohio.
+  E. R. Perry.
+  John Pigott.
+  Jesse Povey.
+  William G. Ramsay.
+  Maxwell Rice.
+  John Romola.
+  Boudinot Seeley.
+  J. Andrew Siceloff.
+  John E. Steen, France.
+  Charles F. Taylor.
+  I. Paul Taylor.
+  Henry H. Tweedy.
+  Archibald S. VanOrden, New Jersey.
+  Joseph A. Villelli, New York.
+  Ernest L. Walz, Jr.
+  Clarence E. Wells.
+  Irving E. White.
+  D. K. Young.
+
+
+
+
+MEN WORKERS AT MARKET STREET CHURCH
+
+
+  Donald A. Adams.
+  Harry L. Adams.
+  Robert C. Armstrong.
+  George M. Bailey.
+  Charles D. Baker [+].
+  H. Blackwood.
+  Christian A. Borella [+].
+  Thatcher M. Brown.
+  Anthony T. Bruno.
+  Lester L. Callan.
+  Henry Carpenter [+].
+  Percy Cocks.
+  Arthur P. Dawson.
+  Horace Day [+].
+  Moreau Delano.
+  John Denham [+].
+  Earl M. Dinger.
+  William Dollar [+].
+  Edward Dowling [+].
+  Theodore Dwight.
+  Winthrop E. Dwight.
+  William B. Easton.
+  Henry Edwards.
+  Fred Elmore.
+  J. Langdon Erving.
+  J. Howard Fowler.
+  Arthur W. Francis.
+  Joseph A. Goodhue.
+  George Graff.
+  Thomas Gregory.
+  Charles H. Grosvenor.
+  Coleridge W. Hart.
+  J. W. Herring.
+  Howard I. Hill.
+  H. E. Hopkins.
+  Nicolas Joannides.
+  Fritz A. Judson.
+  Clarence D. Kingsley.
+  Sterling P. Lamprecht.
+  George Larson.
+  W. S. Maguire.
+  George T. Matthews.
+  John R. Miller.
+  Nicolas Motin.
+  Arthur Moulton.
+  A. Wheeler Palmer.
+  Christian C. Pedersen.
+  Edward Pepper [+].
+  Lewis Perry.
+  W. Smith Pettit.
+  J. Raymond Ramsay.
+  Allan Robinson.
+  Willard C. Roper.
+  George G. Scott.
+  William W. Seymour.
+  Frank L. Shoemaker.
+  A. Karl Skinner.
+  Floyd Smith.
+  John M. Styles.
+  W. S. Sullivan.
+  Fred A. Suter.
+  Walter Swanton.
+  Harry E. Terrell.
+  Henry A. Underwood [+].
+  Paul Van Dewenter.
+  William White.
+
+
+
+
+WOMEN WORKERS AT MARKET STREET CHURCH
+
+
+  Miss Acker.
+  Miss E. Adams.
+  Mrs. Alley.
+  Miss Alice Antisdale.
+  Miss Mary M. Axtell.
+  Miss Mary Baker (Mrs. Fitch).
+  Miss Georgine Bjersgard.
+  Miss Elizabeth Bliss.
+  Miss L. G. Birch.
+  Miss Edith M. Bostwick.
+  Miss Rose Brandt.
+  Miss Florence Brooks (Mrs. Edw. S. Cobb).
+  Miss Elsa Brown (Mrs. Barnes).
+  Miss Mae M. Brown.
+  Miss Sidney M. Brown (Mrs. J. J. Rigby).
+  Miss Brownell.
+  Miss Katherine E. Bruckbauer.
+  Miss Edith Burnett.
+  Miss Mary Cable.
+  Mrs. H. Carpenter [+].
+  Miss Edith R. Catlin (Mrs. Stowe Phelps).
+  Miss E. B. Close (Mrs. J. Broomell).
+  Mrs. Collins.
+  Miss Margaret C. Condit.
+  Miss Caroline E. Cooper.
+  Miss Emma J. Couse.
+  Miss Frances Cox.
+  Miss Anna E. Crawford [+].
+  Miss Eleanor J. Crawford.
+  Miss Sophie Crawford.
+  Miss Fanny Crosby.
+  Mrs. Cumly.
+  Miss Marion Darlington.
+  Miss E. Day.
+  Miss Virginia Deems.
+  Miss Mary S. Dodd.
+  Miss Maria Dowd (Mrs. F. W. Patterson).
+  Miss Henrietta A. Downes [+].
+  Miss Florence  Durstine (Mrs. Hamilton).
+  Miss J. Florence Eldredge.
+  Miss Josephine England.
+  Miss Edith N. Fairfield.
+  Miss Margaret B. Fairfield (Mrs. Stone).
+  Miss Margaret B. Fergusson.
+  Miss Forrest [+].
+  Miss Freeman (Mrs. B. F. Ross).
+  Miss Ella M. Ganow.
+  Miss E. Garbold (Mrs. Benedict).
+  Miss Hazel Gardiner (Mrs. O'Niel).
+  Miss Helen Gildersleeve.
+  Miss Margaret D. Golde.
+  Miss Anna A. Golding.
+  Miss Goodale.
+  Miss Gould (Mrs. Hallock).
+  Miss Irene L. Gregory.
+  Miss Virginia P. Grimes.
+  Miss Eleanor Hague.
+  Miss Z. Haines.
+  Miss Anna L. Hall (Mrs. M. L. Luther).
+  Miss Esther Hall.
+  Miss M. O. Harris (Mrs. McCullough).
+  Miss Lydia A. Hays.
+  Miss Helen Hickok.
+  Miss Ida M. Hickok.
+  Miss Irene Hickok.
+  Miss Alice Hinman.
+  Miss Jane E. Hitchcock.
+  Miss Leonora Hogarth.
+  Miss Caroline E. Horton.
+  Miss Hotmer.
+  Miss Mary Hubbard.
+  Miss Hudson.
+  Miss Daphne Hutton (Mrs. Stretch).
+  Miss Roscbelle Jacobus.
+  Miss Helen T. Kenneally.
+  Miss E. E. Kirke.
+  Miss Catherine M. Kitchell (Mrs. W. R. Jelliffe).
+  Miss Gertrude H. Kitchell.
+  Miss Kittridge.
+  Miss Sarah K. Kliem (Mrs. Willis).
+  Miss J. E. Knipe.
+  Miss Josephine Knox (Mrs. Livingston).
+  Miss Elizabeth H. Kunz.
+  Miss Dorothy Kyberg.
+  Mrs. Belinda C. Lefler.
+  Miss Dorothy Leider.
+  Miss Jessica Lewis.
+  Miss Marjorie Lewis.
+  Miss R. Lobenstine.
+  Miss D. J. Luder.
+  Miss Katherine Ludington.
+  Miss McCormick  (Mrs. Slade).
+  Miss Susanne McFarland.
+  Miss Mary McKelvey (Mrs. W. R. Barbour).
+  Miss Ruth McKelvey.
+  Mrs. Mary Mackenzie.
+  Miss Lillie Malken [+].
+  Miss Caroline B. Mills.
+  Miss Christine A. Mitchell.
+  Miss Gertrude Morrow (Mrs. Henry J. Condit).
+  Miss Neilson.
+  Miss Mary E. Newell.
+  Miss Adele Norton (Mrs. Fairbank).
+  Miss Martha  M.  Norton (Mrs. A. K. Skinner).
+  Miss Marjorie Nott.
+  Miss Louise F. Oswald.
+  Miss Otterbein.
+  Miss Rhoda Packard.
+  Miss Maud L. Parks.
+  Miss Charlotte  Paulsen (Mrs. G. H. Roth).
+  Miss Lydia Paulsen (Mrs. H. D. Schlichting).
+  Mrs. Pendleton.
+  Miss Phebe Persons (Mrs. Geo. G. Scott).
+  Miss M. E. Perdue.
+  Miss Lois Pett.
+  Miss M. G. Revell.
+  Miss Edith M. Rockwell.
+  Mrs. Eliza E. Rockwell [+].
+  Miss Bessie Rogers.
+  Miss Florence E. Roper.
+  Miss Anna C. Ruddy.
+  Miss Helen Rumsey.
+  Miss Runyon.
+  Miss Alice Sanford.
+  Mrs. Savidge.
+  Miss Shotwell.
+  Miss Shumard.
+  Mrs. Mary Sibertson.
+  Miss Angelina Simonson.
+  Miss Eleanor C. Smith.
+  Miss Rose Spenser.
+  Miss Georgina Spooner.
+  Miss Margaret H. Steen.
+  Miss Mary Steen.
+  Miss Mary Stevenson (Mrs. J. J. Hines).
+  Miss Marie M. Stevenson.
+  Miss Marion Sturgis.
+  Miss Elsie Street.
+  Miss Sarah Swift.
+  Miss A. J. Taft.
+  Miss H. N. Taft.
+  Miss Georgina Taylor.
+  Miss M. Thompson.
+  Miss Alice Townsend.
+  Miss Edith W. Townsend.
+  Miss Jean A. Travis.
+  Miss Pearl C. Underwood (Mrs. J. H. Denison).
+  Miss Henrietta Van Cleft.
+  Miss Elizabeth Van Rensellaer (Mrs. Benjamin W. Arnold).
+  Miss Katrina Van Wagenen (Mrs. Briggs).
+  Miss Mollie B. Walsh (Mrs. S. K. Higgins).
+  Miss Carrie B. Wasson.
+  Miss Fannie Wells.
+  Miss Christine T. Wilson.
+  Miss Frances Wheet.
+  Miss Irma Wiss.
+  Miss C. Ziegenfuss.
+
+
+
+
+DIED IN SERVICE
+
+
+  Henry Rutgers [+] February 17, 1830.
+  William McMurray [+] September 24, 1835.
+  Henry Smith [+] March 19, 1873.
+  Evan Price [+] August 7, 1887.
+  Edward Hopper [+] April 23, 1888.
+  James Murphy [+] August 15, 1893.
+  Benjamin F. Pinkham [+] March 22, 1897.
+  Horace Day [+] July 19, 1899.
+  William Boyce [+] February 18, 1901.
+  Anna E. Crawford [+] December 18, 1905.
+  Edward Dowling [+] June 6, 1906.
+  Eliza E. Rockwell [+] March 14, 1908.
+  John Denham [+] February 4, 1910.
+
+
+
+
+CHURCH OFFICERS
+
+1919
+
+SESSION
+
+  Rev. Joseph A. Villelli, Moderator.
+  Rev. Alfred D. Moore, Minister.
+  Rev. Russell J. Clinchy, Minister.
+  Frederick Bruckbauer, Clerk.
+  Artemus R. Richtmyer, Elder.
+  Willard A. Hildreth, Elder.
+
+TRUSTEES
+
+  James F. Coupar, President.
+  Herman D. Schlichting, Secretary.
+  Frederick Bruckbauer, Treasurer.
+  Louis J. Audley.
+  Orrin G. Cocks.
+  George A. Ferris.
+  George C. Fraser.
+  Willard A. Hildreth.
+  Artemus R. Richtmyer.
+
+
+
+
+OLD CHURCH BUILDINGS
+
+  1766  St. Paul's chapel, Episcopal, Broadway and Fulton Sts.
+
+  1819  Church of the Sea and Land, Dutch Reformed. 1866 Presbyterian,
+        Market and Henry Sts.
+
+  1820  Church of the Transfiguration, Episcopal. 1853 Roman Catholic,
+        Mott and Park Sts.
+
+  1825  First Moravian church, Baptist, then Episcopalian, 30th St.
+        and Lexington Ave.
+
+  1828  All Saints' church, Episcopal, Henry and Scammel Sts.
+
+  1829  St. Mark's church, Episcopal, Stuyvesant Place. Rebuilt 1858.
+
+  1833  St. Mary's church, Roman Catholic, Grand and Ridge Sts. Brick
+        front recent.
+
+  1836  Spring Street Presbyterian church, 246 Spring St.
+
+  1836  Allen Memorial church, Methodist. 1888 Jewish Synagog.
+
+  1838  St. Peter's church, Roman Catholic, Barclay and Church Sts.
+
+  1841  John Street church, Methodist, 44 John St.
+
+  1841  St. Teresa's church, Presbyterian. 1863 Roman Catholic,
+        Rutgers and Henry Sts.
+
+  1842  St. Andrew's church, Roman Catholic, Duane St. and City Hall
+        Place.
+
+  1843  Mariners' Temple, Baptist, Oliver and Henry Sts.
+
+  1846  Trinity church, Episcopal, Broadway at Wall St.
+
+
+
+
+EAST SIDE STREETS
+
+
+Chatham Square, after William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, our friend in 1776.
+
+Bayard Street, after a mayor, nephew of Peter Stuyvesant.
+
+Canal Street, had a forty-foot canal in center, fine shaded houses at
+sides.
+
+Division Street, the dividing line between the Rutgers and the DeLancey
+farms.
+
+East Broadway, formerly Harmon Street, after a Rutgers.
+
+Henry Street, after Henry Rutgers.
+
+Madison Street, after the President, formerly Bancker Street, after a
+Rutgers son-in-law.
+
+Monroe Street, after the President, formerly Lombardy Street.
+
+Rutgers Place, site of the Rutgers Mansion.
+
+Hamilton Street, after Alexander Hamilton, formerly Cheapside.
+
+Cherry Street, formerly a cherry orchard.
+
+Oliver Street, formerly Fayette Street.
+
+Catherine Street, after Catherine Rutgers.
+
+Market Street, formerly George Street, after King George of England.
+
+Pike Street, War of 1812, formerly Charlotte Street, after a queen of
+England.
+
+Rutgers Street, after the Rutgers family.
+
+Jefferson Street, after the President.
+
+Clinton Street, after Governor Clinton.
+
+Montgomery Street, after the general who fell at Quebec in 1775.
+
+Gouverneur Street, after a New York family.
+
+Jackson Street, after the President; formerly Walnut Street.
+
+Corlears Street, after Jacobus Van Corlear.
+
+Chrystie Street, after an officer of War of 1812.
+
+Forsyth Street, War of 1812.
+
+Eldridge Street, after Lieut. Joseph C. Eldridge, War of 1812.
+
+Allen Street, after Capt. William Henry Allen, War of 1812.
+
+
+
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHY
+
+
+Recollections of a Long Life: Theodore L. Cuyler.
+
+Beside the Bowery: John Hopkins Denison.
+
+From the Bottom Up: Alexander F. Irvine.
+
+Dave Ranney: David J. Ranney.
+
+Nooks and Corners of Old New York: Charles Hemstreet.
+
+New York Old and New: Rufus Rockwell Wilson.
+
+A Tour Around New York: John Flavel Mines.
+
+When Old New York Was Young: Charles Hemstreet.
+
+Historic New York: Half-Moon Papers.
+
+The Leaven in a Great City: Lillian W. Betts.
+
+The Better New York: Tolman and Hemstreet.
+
+The New York Public School: A. Emerson Palmer.
+
+Helping the Helpless in Lower New York: Lucy S. Bainbridge.
+
+The Fire on the Hearth: Edward Hopper.
+
+One Wife Too Many: Edward Hopper.
+
+Old Horse Gray: Edward Hopper.
+
+Echoes from the Song of Songs: Margaretta Hopper.
+
+An Oriental Land of the Free: John H. Freeman.
+
+One Hundred Poems: Jane A. Van Allen.
+
+American Notes: Charles Dickens.
+
+Valentine's Manual of the Common Council.
+
+New York Genealogical and Biographical Record.
+
+Records of the Market Street Dutch Reformed Church.
+
+Records of the Presbyterian Church of the Sea and Land.
+
+The Sea and Land Monthly.
+
+Handbooks of the Presbytery of New York.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed in the United States of America._
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Kirk on Rutgers Farm, by Frederick Bruckbauer
+
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