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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A batalha de Toro, by António Francisco Barata
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A batalha de Toro
+
+Author: António Francisco Barata
+
+Release Date: April 29, 2008 [EBook #25238]
+
+Language: Portuguese
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A BATALHA DE TORO ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Pedro Saborano (produced from scanned images
+of public domain material from Google Book Search)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+A BATALHA DE TORO
+
+
+
+
+A BATALHA DE TORO
+
+POR
+
+_Antonio Francisco Barata_
+
+
+BARCELLOS
+
+Typographia da _Aurora do Cavado_
+
+Editor--R. V.
+
+1896
+
+
+
+
+Tiragem apenas de 100 exemplares
+
+20 em papel de linho,
+80 em papel d'algodão.
+
+N.º____
+
+
+
+
+Por muitas vezes hei escripto, e mais uma ainda aqui o faço, embora com
+isso se possam morder uns tantos mal soffridos, a quem a cega Fortuna tem
+dispensado innumeros favores mais devidos a seus inexplicaveis caprichos,
+d'ella, do que ao merito proprio, d'elles, e invejosos, apesar dos
+beneficios com que injustificadamente colmados, do valor real de outros a
+quem a mesma Fortuna tem sido sempre adversa; mais uma vez sobre tantas
+outras direi que é Antonio Francisco Barata, da Bibliotheca de Evora, um
+dos mais talentosos, dos mais sabedores, dos mais conspicuos e benemerentes
+homens de lettras do nosso paiz, e d'aquelles a quem devidos são mais
+respeitos e considerações; muito mais que tudo, e o muitissimo que é e
+vale, bem documentado em todos os ramos, bem o posso dizer, da litteratura,
+a si só e ao seu incansado e fadigoso labutar o deve, desajudado de todo o
+auxilio e protecção; e muito mais que a seu luminoso espirito, vasta
+erudição, e superior manusear da opulenta lingua patria, predicado hoje tão
+raro até entre os nossos escriptores de primeira plana, reune uma acendrada
+probidade litteraria, um indiscutivel amor das cousas portuguezas, e de
+suas glorias, um caracter levantado e austero, e uma hombridade respeitavel
+e digna, não bandeados ás conveniencias ordinarias da vida.
+
+Irresistivelmente me acodem estas palavras aos bicos da penna, ao lançar,
+em reduzida e modesta edição, ao nosso mundo litterario, o breve trabalho
+por Antonio Francisco Barata escripto ao correr da penna e de momento, a
+proposito do que nas _Reparaciones Historicas_ escreveu sobre a «Batalha de
+Toro», o sabio academico hespanhol o sr. Don A. Sanchez Moguel. Esta é que
+é uma verdadeira «reparação historica», muito para agradecer e louvar a
+quem a traçou.[A]
+
+                                                           Rodrigo Velloso
+
+    [A] Vão aqui estas palavras, irresistiveis como o digo, e tanto como a
+    força da verdade, á revellia do sr. Antonio Francisco Barata, e bem
+    receio que ellas molestem sua conhecida modestia. Se assim fôr,
+    releve-m'as elle com sua usual benevolencia.
+
+
+
+
+A BATALHA DE TORO
+
+1.º de Março de 1476
+
+
+Desde que, ha um anno, li o notavel livro do Academico Madrileno, o sr. A.
+Sanches Moguel: _Reparaciones historicas_, impresso em Madrid em 1894, me
+ficaram desejos de revistar os conhecimentos que eu tinha, havia muito,
+acerca da _Batalha de Toro_, ou de _Zamora_, pois que o livro a isso me
+convidava 'nesta affirmativa: "Toro es, en efecto, el desquite de
+Aljubarrota", que se lê a paginas 292.
+
+Permeiando-se a meus desejos a feitura de um livro de historia patria:
+_Monja de Cistér_, terminado e em via de publicidade, só agora vou mostrar
+ao illustre amigo, sabio e cathedratico o resultado da revista e
+confirmação do que eu tinha apprendido, em leituras antigas.
+
+Primeiramente: para que Toro seja _desquite_ (desforra) de Aljubarrota,
+importa estudar as circumstancias, os pormenores dos dois combates. Em
+poucas palavras direi o que se colhe dos livros, tanto portuguezes como
+castelhanos.
+
+Ambas as batalhas se feriram em campina plana, ou levemente ondulada.
+
+Combateram em Aljubarrota 30:000 castelhanos contra 10:000 portuguezes,
+numeros redondos.
+
+O rei de Portugal batalhou a pé, como qualquer cavalleiro; os castelhanos
+traziam cavallaria, que os portuguezes não tinham; traziam a rudimentar
+artilheria, os _trons_; logo: tinham por si o numero, tres vezes maior,
+artilheria e cavallaria.
+
+Ninguem contesta a derrota total, formalissima dos castelhanos em menos de
+meia hora!
+
+Em Toro, ou Zamora, empenharam-se forças que não se estudaram ainda bem;
+uns dão maior numero aos castelhanos (o que é natural) outros lhe concedem
+forças eguaes ou quasi eguaes.
+
+O rei de Castella não combateu na batalha de Toro; collocou-se a uma legoa
+de distancia (certamente lembrando Aljubarrota) e desatou a fugir mal viu
+volver costas a seis alas do seu exercito, ante as forças esforçadas do
+filho de D. Affonso V; os portuguezes levavam artilheria; o combate
+prolongou-se por tres horas, com muita valentia de parte a parte; Affonso V
+não venceu; mas venceu o filho; logo:
+
+A Batalha de Toro não foi a desforra da de Aljubarrota, porque para o ser,
+forçoso seria haver egualdade nos elementos constitutivos dos dois
+exercitos. Para uma cousa ser antithese de outra preciso é que o seja em
+todas as suas particularidades.
+
+A Batalha de Toro foi ganha pelas forças de Castella contra as de Affonso
+V, por uma dessas eventualidades da guerra, que nem seus cabos explicam,
+muitas vezes, e a que as crenças religiosas chamam: a influencia do Deus
+das victorias. Não nego que o mesmo se possa dizer da de Aljubarrota;
+possivel seria que S. Jorge vencesse 'nella a Sant'Iago.
+
+Mas a batalha de Toro foi ganha pelas forças do Principe D. João de
+Portugal e do Bispo d'Evora, D. Garcia de Menezes, contra as seis alas do
+exercito de Castella, que fugiram acossadas e desfeitas.
+
+Em Aljubarrota não ficára um castelhano no campo, que não fosse ou morto,
+ou prisioneiro.
+
+Em Zamora ficou senhor do campo em que se collocára depois da lucta com os
+seus vencedores, o Principe de Portugal, D. João.
+
+Será, pois, isto um _desquite_ de Aljubarrota?
+
+Entendo que não.
+
+Se escreverem que o fôra por ter posto fim á guerra desgraçada do ambicioso
+_Africano_, entendo que sim.
+
+Mas, não basta esta synthese de leitura feita, que tem ares dogmaticos:
+preciso é o mostrar como tanto portuguezes, como castelhanos, como
+francezes, como allemães criticaram o combate de Toro. Começarei pelos de
+casa, como é natural:
+
+--"E porem o Pryncipe despois do desbarato que fez, ally onde acabou de
+recolher sua jente, esteve no campo em hum corpo çarrado sem nunca mover
+atrás sua bandeira..."[1]
+
+--"El Principe al tiempo del fracaso padecido de su Padre iva seguindo el
+alcance de las seys alas ya rotas, pero quando entendió lo que pasava (a
+derrota do pae) aun que non pudo revocar a todos de la corriente que
+llevavam apiñose con los que pudo y otros que de otra parte de su Padre
+vencida se le acercaron, en una elevacion..."
+
+--"Fué vencida esta parte; (a de Affonso) confesamoslo; sin que lo doremos.
+Pero el huyr una del campo y quedar otra vitoriosa en el varrido de los
+contrarios, digan los doctos en los estudios militares que nombre há de
+tener, mientras yo que no los professo no sé como le hé de llamar, pues
+hallo quien no quiere que le llamemos vitoria..."[2]
+
+--"..a nosso Senhor aprouve que nos deixassem o campo, adonde com gloriosa
+victoria permanecemos vencedores..."[3]
+
+    --Porem depois, tocado de ambição
+    E gloria de mandar, amara e bella,
+    Vae commetter Fernando de Aragão,
+    Sobre o potente reino de Castella.
+    Ajunta-se a inimiga multidão
+    Das soberbas e varias gentes della,
+    Desde Cadix ao alto Pyrineo,
+    Que tudo ao rei Fernando obedeceo.
+
+    Não quiz ficar nos reinos ocioso
+    O mancebo Joanne; e logo ordena
+    De ir ajudar ao pae ambicioso,
+    Que então lhe foi ajuda não pequena.
+    Sahio-se emfim do trance perigoso
+    Com fronte não turvada, mas serena,
+    Desbaratado o pae sanguinolento;
+    Mas ficou duvidoso o vencimento;
+
+    Porque o filho sublime e soberano,
+    Gentil, forte, animoso cavalleiro,
+    Nos contrarios fazendo immenso damno
+    Todo um dia ficou no campo inteiro.[4]
+
+--"... em que cada um dos exercitos ficou meio vencedor, meio vencido..."
+
+"O Principe D. João depois de seguir & de perseguir por largo espaço aos
+que vencera, & lhe fugião, voltando a soccorer seu pay, e achando-o
+vencido, se manteve no campo, senhor d'elle, como vencedor..."[5]
+
+Derrotado D. Affonso fugiu de noite para Castro Nuño. D. Fernando fugiu
+tambem para Zamora. O Principe vencedor ficou no campo, onde esteve tres
+dias.[6]
+
+--"Le fils á Alphonse V, ayant culbuté partout les ennemis, resta maitre du
+champ de bataille et put se croire vainqueur".[7]
+
+--"O Principe ficou no campo cõ sua victoria e não curou seguir o
+alcance..."[8]
+
+Não cito mais portugueses, por inutil, para mostrar o que escreveram os
+Castelhanos, que devem ser insuspeitos:
+
+--"D. Enrique conde de Alla de Liste llegó em seguimento de los que huian
+hasta la puente de Toro: a la vuelta fué preso por cierta banda de sol
+enemigos que con Don Juan Principe de Portugal sin ser desbaratados se
+estuvieron en un altozano en ordenanza hasta muy tarde."[9]
+
+--"Il fut long et sanglant; et quoique les Castillans fussent les plus
+forts, la victoire pencha plusieurs fois du côté des Portuguais..."[10]
+
+--"Ferdinand défit l'aile droite des ennemis, commandée par Alphonse; mais
+le Prince de Portugal eut la même avantage sur le Castillan..."[11]
+
+--"Pudiera esta victoria costar muy caro, si el Principe de Portugal, que
+tuvo siempre su esquadron en ordenança, y estava muy cerca de las riberas
+del rio, acometiera a los nuestros, que andavan van desordenados, y
+esparzidos..."[12]
+
+--"El Principe Don Juan se albergó con una parte del exercito baxo las
+murallas de Toro..."[13]
+
+--"Les succés de cette bataille fut assez douteux..."[14]
+
+--"L'aile gauche de l'armée Portugaise s'etant ébranlée en bel ordre,
+l'aile droite des Castillans se mit en état de la recevoir par le même
+mouvement; mais les arquebusades ayant joué avec beaucoup de furie, & le
+choc étant violent de la part des Portugais, les Castillans pliérent &
+prirent la fuite..."[15]
+
+--"E luego aquelles seis capitanes castellanos, que abemos dicho que iban á
+la mano derecha de la batalla del Rey contra los quales vino á encontrar el
+Principe de Portugal y el Obispo de Ebora, volvieron las espaldas, é se
+pusieron en fuida..."[16]
+
+--"El Principe de Portugal, visto que la gente del Rey su padre era vencida
+é desbaratada, pensando reparar algunes de los que iban fuyendo, sobióse
+sobre un cabezo, á donde tañendo las trompetas, é faciendo fuegos, é
+recogiendo su gente, estuvo quedo con su batalla, é no consentió salir
+della á ninguno..."[17]
+
+--"El Principe eredero de Portugal conosciendo-se vencido el Rey su padre,
+acogiose a un lugar alto com su esquadro donde recogio a los que
+podia..."[18]
+
+--"La batalla de Toro, aunque no tan funesta para los portuguezes como
+habia sido la de Aljubarrota para los Castellanos..."[19]
+
+--"Ferdinand défit l'aile droite des ennemis commandée par Alfonse, mais le
+Prince de Portugal eut le même avantage sur le Castillan..."[20]
+
+--"A la fin, le prince resta seul sur le champ de bataille en vainqueur
+aprés la défaite du corps principal. Jusqu'au moment de cette défaite, João
+avait poursuivi les six divisions battues par lui..."[21]
+
+Basta; mais citações de boas auctoridades poderia lembrar, se me não
+tornara fastidioso.
+
+Vê-se de portuguezes, castelhanos, de francezes e de outros que a
+affirmativa do sr. Moguel foi patriotica em demasia.
+
+Bem disse Fernão Alvares do Oriente:
+
+    "As cousas todas a apparencia têm
+    Conforme os olhos são com que se vêm".
+
+O sr. Moguel viu a batalha de Toro com olhos de castelhano (não de
+hespanhol, como a todos nos considera os habitantes da Peninsula) eeu
+vejo-a com os de portuguez; porque força é dizel-o, as duas nações existem
+autonomas, apesar da naturesa ter formado para ambas dos Pyrineus ao
+extremo occidente da Europa este trato de terra fertilimo da Peninsula, que
+a politica e a historia retalharam, não direi para sempre; mas para
+emquanto Portugal fôr cubiçado, e se poder equilibrar na balança dos
+interesses europeus.
+
+Para muito escrever é o assumpto, se aqui fôra lugar para isso.
+
+Em vista do que ahi fica escripto e transcripto, para mim, nascido em
+Portugal, sem animadversão nenhuma, a _Batalha do Toro não foi a desforra
+da de Aljubarrota_. Não a tem mesmo na historia.
+
+Foi um combate indeciso.
+
+
+Rocio d'apar S. Braz d'Evora,
+
+24 de Dezembro de 1895.
+
+
+    [1] Ruy de Pina: _Chronica de D. Affonso V_ cap. 191.
+
+    [2] Faria e Souza: Europa Port. 2.º pag. 407.
+
+    [3] Carta de D. João II fazendo mercê a Lourenço de Faria, seu alferes.
+    Torre do Tombo, L.º 2.º da Extremadura, pag. 274.
+
+    [4] Camões: _Lusiadas_ C. IV est. 77-78 e 79.
+
+    [5] F. de S. Maria: _Anno Historico_ tom. I.º pag.278.
+
+    [6] Damião de Gões: Chron. do Principe D. João, cap. 78-79.
+
+    [7] A. A. Teixeira de Vasconcelos: _Portugal et la maison de Bragance_,
+    pag. 537.
+
+    [8] Acenheiro, Ineditos da Hist. Port. T. 5.º pag. 273.
+
+    [9] Mariana: _Hist._ L.º XXIV cap. X pag. 165.
+
+    [10] Romay: "Histoire" etc. cap. XVII.
+
+    [11] Dictionnaire des Batailles, Paris, 1771 t. 3º.
+
+    [12] Çurita: _Anales de Aragon_, t. 4.º L.º XIX Ediç. de 1610.
+
+    [13] D. A. S. _Compendio historico de los Reyes de el Aragon_, Madrid,
+    1797, t. 2.º pag 312.
+
+    [14] _Abregé chronologique de l'histoire de Espagne et de Portugal._
+    Paris, 1765, t. 1.º pag. 694.
+
+    [15] Colmenar: _Anales d'Espagne et de Portugal_, tom. 1.º pag. 299.
+
+    [16] Hernando de Pulgar: _Cron. de los reis catolicos._ Valencia, 1780,
+    pag. 87.
+
+    [17] O mesmo Pulgar, pag. 89.
+
+    [18] Garibay: _Chron. d'Espana_, T. 2.º L.º VIII, pag. 1276 _in fine_.
+
+    [19] C. Ximenez de Sandoval: _Batalla do Aljubarrota_, pag. X.
+
+    [20] Desormeaux: _Abregé chronologique de l'histoire d'Espagne_, Paris.
+    1758, t. 3.º, pag. 25.
+
+    [21] Schaeffer: _Histoire de Portug._ pag. 555.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's A batalha de Toro, by António Francisco Barata
+
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