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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre> +<p>Title: Wit and Wisdom of Don Quixote</p> +<p>Author: Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra</p> +<p>Release Date: March 4, 2008 [eBook #24754]</p> +<p>Language: English</p> +<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p> +<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WIT AND WISDOM OF DON QUIXOTE***</p> +<p> </p> +<h3 class="pg">E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Turgut Dincer,<br /> + and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> + (http://www.pgdp.net)</h3> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p> </p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><img src= +"images/illus-001a.png" width="400" height="685" alt="CERVANTES." title= +"" /><br /><span class="caption">CERVANTES.</span></div> + +<hr class="hr" /> +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><img src= +"images/illus-002a.png" width="400" height="538" alt="Cervantes Monument in Madrid, Spain" title= +"Cervantes Monument in Madrid, Spain" /></div> +<p> </p> +<hr class="hr" /> +<p> </p> + +<h1><span class="smcap">Wit and Wisdom</span></h1> + +<h3><span class="smcap">of</span></h3> + +<h1><span class="smcap">Don Quixote.</span></h1> + +<p> </p> +<h4><small><span class="smcap">Patch grief with proverbs.</span>—<i>Shakespeare.</i></small></h4> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<h4>BOSTON: +ROBERTS BROTHERS. +1882.</h4> + +<h5> +<i>Copyright, 1882,</i> +<span class="smcap">By Roberts Brothers.</span> +</h5> +<h6><span class="smcap">University Press:</span> +<span class="smcap">John Wilson and Son, Cambridge.</span> +</h6> +<hr style="width: 20%;" /> +<h3>INDEX.</h3> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 170px;"><img src= +"images/tb.png" width="100" height="24" alt="CERVANTES." title= +"" /></div> + + +<ul class="IX"> + +<li>Abadexo, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li><li> +Adam, the first head scratched, <a href="#Page_168">168.</a></li><li> + +Adventure of the dead body, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</li><li> + +Adventures of Esplandian, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</li><li> + +Alamos of Medina del Campo, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</li><li> + +Aldermen, the braying, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</li><li> + +Altisidora, songs of, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</li><li> + +Amadis de Gaul, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</li><li> + +Amadis de Greece, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li><li> + +Arms, the honorable profession of, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</li><li> + +Araucana, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li><li> + +Austriada, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> + +Bacallao, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li><li> + +Barabbas, wife for, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</li><li> + +Barataria, the island of, <a href="#Page_222">220</a>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.</li><li> + +Barber's basin, taken for Mambrino's helmet, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li><li> + +Basilius the Poor, adventure of, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</li><li> + +Belfreys and palfreys much the same, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>.</li><li> + +Boar hunt, the, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</li><li> + +Bray, town of, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> + +Cane, the hollow, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li><li> + +Carrasco, views upon critics, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>;<ul><li> + +made executor, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</li></ul></li><li> + +Chrysostom, story of, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;<ul><li> + +interment of, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>;</li><li> + +song of, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>;</li><li> + +epitaph upon, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li></ul></li><li> + +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">viii</a></span> +Clavileno, flight of, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>.</li><li> + +Comedy, adherence to the unities necessary, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li><li> + +Countryman, the tale of, 239.</li><li> + +Critic, not cricket, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li><li> + +Cuenza, cloth of, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</li><li> + +Cupid's address at wedding of Quiteria, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</li><li> + +Curadillo, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li><li> + +Cure of jealousy, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li> + +</li><li> +Dapple, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.</li><li> + +Darinel, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li><li> + +Dead body, adventure of, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</li><li> + +Death, Sancho's views on, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</li><li> + +Description of a lady, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li><li> + +Diana, the, of Montemayor, <a href="#Page_21">20</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li> + +Disenchantment of Dulcinea, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</li><li> + +Don Bellionis, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.</li><li> + +Don Diego de Miranda, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.</li><li> + +Don Galaor, serving no especial mistress, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</li><li> + +Don Olivante de Laura, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li><li> + +Don Kyrie Eleison of Montalvan, <a href="#Page_21">20</a>.</li><li> + +Don Quixote, income of, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;<ul><li> +family of, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;</li><li> +age of, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;</li><li> +fancies of, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li><li> +his armor, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li><li> +his steed, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li><li> +begins his adventures, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>;</li><li> +arrival at inn, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>;</li><li> +seeks knighthood, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>;</li><li> +watches his armor, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>;</li><li> +is knighted, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>;</li><li> +his self-confidence, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>;</li><li> +his library destroyed, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li><li> +his squire, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li><li> +extolls the Golden Age, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li><li> +his requisites for a knight-errant, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li><li> +at the interment of Chrysostom, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>;</li><li> +his adventure with a dead body, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li><li> +captures Mambrino's helmet, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>;</li><li> +performs penance, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>;</li><li> +his views of knight-errantry, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>;</li><li> +receives a visit from the lady Dulcinea, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>;</li><li> +adventure with the lions, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>;</li><li> +attends the wedding of Quiteria the Fair, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li><li> +a "sensible madman," <a href="#Page_197">197</a>;</li><li> +counsels Sancho, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>;</li><li> +his views upon poetry, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li><li> +of love, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>;</li><li> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">ix</a></span> +of marriage, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>;</li><li> +upon long finger-nails, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>;</li><li> +of proverbs, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>;</li><li> +converses with an author, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>;</li><li> +returns home, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>;</li><li> +his will, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>;</li><li> +his death, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>;</li><li> +epitaph upon, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</li></ul></li><li> + +Duke and Duchess, the, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</li><li> + +Dulcinea, described by Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;<ul><li> +letters to, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>;</li><li> +lines to, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>;</li><li> +disenchantment of, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>;</li><li> +lines to, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>;</li><li> +sonnet to, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</li></ul></li><li> + + </li><li> +Earldom, Sancho's views of the management of one, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</li><li> + +El Cancionero, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li> + +Enchanter's errand, the, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li><li> + +Epitaphs on Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</li><li> + +Epitaphs on Dulcinea, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</li><li> + +Ermine, a modest women compared to one, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Fabila, the fate of, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>.</li><li> + +Fish Nicholas, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>.</li><li> + +Florismarle of Hyrcania, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li><li> + +Fort, Sonnet on the, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</li><li> + +Frasso, Antonio de lo, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li> + +Friendship, sonnet to, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.</li><li> + </li><li> + +Galatea of Cervantes, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li><li> + +Genealogies reduced to four kinds, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</li><li> + +Gil Polo, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li> + +Golden Age, panegyric upon the, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li><li> + +Goleta, sonnet upon the, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li><li> + +Governor's round of inspection, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</li><li> + +Gratitude a duty, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Heaven, death by the hand of, demands patience, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>.</li><li> + +Herdsmen, the purse of the, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</li><li> + +Herradura, the, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</li><li> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">x</a></span> + +Industry tranquillizing, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li><li> + +Instructions for government of Island, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>-210.</li><li> + +Island of Sancho Panza, promise of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;<ul><li> +possession taken of, <a href="#Page_222">220</a>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>.</li></ul></li><li> + + +Julius Cæsar, anecdote of, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Knighted, Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</li><li> + +Knight-errant, the, without a mistress, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>;<ul><li> +food of, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li><li> +impiety of, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li><li> +defence of, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li><li> +hunger of, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>;</li><li> +compared to the courtier-knight, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>;</li><li> +extolled, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>;</li><li> +compared to the saints, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li><li> +his need of money never recorded, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</li></ul></li><li> + +Knight-errantry, the surpassing excellence of, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>;<ul><li> +compared to the life of a scholar or soldier, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>;</li><li> +science of, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</li></ul></li><li> + +Knighthood, ceremonies of, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li><li> + +Knight of the Cross, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li><li> + +Knight Platir, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li><li> + +Knight, the, reproved, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>;<ul><li> +if poor, his rank is manifested by his virtues, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li></ul></li><li> + + </li><li> +Lace-bone, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</li><li> + +Lace worn in Purgatory, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li><li> + +La Mancha, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</li><li> + +Lanzarote, romance of, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.</li><li> + +Learning of Sancho Panza, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</li><li> + +Letters, from Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>;<ul><li> +from the Duchess, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>;</li><li> +from the Duke, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>;</li><li> +from Sancho, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>;</li><li> +from Teresa, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li></ul></li><li> + +Library of Don Quixote destroyed, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>.</li><li> + +Licentiate, story of, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li><li> + +Lions, adventure with, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</li><li> + +Lucifer, the first tumbler, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</li><li> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">xi</a></span> + +Mambrino's helmet, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li><li> + +Manuscript discovered in Saragossa, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</li><li> + +Marcela, cruelty of, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li><li> + +Marriage of Camacho the Rich, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</li><li> + +Mateo Boyardo, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li><li> + +Merlin, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>-190.</li><li> + +Miraguardia, castle of, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.</li><li> + +Mirror of chivalry, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li><li> + +Molinera buckles the spurs, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li><li> + +Monteil, plains of, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</li><li> + +Monsurato, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li><li> + +Montesinos, care of, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Nymphs of Enares, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li> + + +Olalia, poem to, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</li><li> + +Oran, general of, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Palinurus, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</li><li> + +Panza, Sancho, <i>vide</i> Sancho Panza.</li><li> + +Panza, Teresa, <i>vide</i> Teresa Panza.</li><li> + +Parley about the penance, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.</li><li> + +Pastor Fido, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.</li><li> + +Penance, a pleasing, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li><li> + +Penance of Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li><li> + +Poem addressed to Dulcinea, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li><li> + +Poem addressed to Olalia, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</li><li> + +Poetry, views of Don Quixote upon, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li><li> + +Praise of poverty, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</li><li> + +Proverbs. See <span class="smcap">Index To Proverbs</span>.</li><li> + +Proverbs, Don Quixote's dislike of, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</li><li> + +Proverbs of Sancho Panza, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</li><li> + +Pyramus and Thisbe, story of, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.</li><li> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">xii</a></span> + +Queen Pintiquinestra, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li><li> + +Quexana, Antonia, heiress of Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</li><li> + +Quixote, Don, <i>vide</i> Don Quixote.</li><li> + +Quiteria, the Fair, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Retention, definition of, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>. +</li><li> +Rosinante, named, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;<ul><li> +encomiums upon, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>;</li><li> +sonnet to, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li></ul></li><li> + + </li><li> +Saints and knights-errant compared, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</li><li> + +Sancha Mary, a match for her considered, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>-115.</li><li> + +Sanchica, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</li><li> + +Sancho Panza, becomes a squire, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;<ul><li> +counselled to ambition, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>;</li><li> +defines retention, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>;</li><li> +love to God, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>;</li><li> +his views upon administration, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>;</li><li> +is received by his wife, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>;</li><li> +plain speaking of, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li><li> +conditions of his service, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>;</li><li> +self-confidence of, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>;</li><li> +rejoicing at rejoining Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>;</li><li> +homecomings of, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>;</li><li> +at the wedding of Quiteria, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li><li> +views upon death, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>;<ul><li> +upon penance, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>;</li><li> +upon sleep, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>;</li></ul></li><li> +his conundrum, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>;</li><li> +description of, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>;</li><li> +plight of, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>;</li><li> +at the boar hunt, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>;</li><li> +submits to penance, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>;</li><li> +government of, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>;</li><li> +official dress of, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>;</li><li> +learning of, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>;</li><li> +proverbs of, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>;</li><li> +receives advice, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>;</li><li> +assumes the governorship, <a href="#Page_222">220</a>;</li><li> +encounter with the doctor, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>;</li><li> +advises the countryman, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>;</li><li> +makes a round of inspection, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>;</li><li> +returns home, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</li></ul></li><li> + +Saragossa, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</li><li> + +Scholars, sufferings of, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li><li> + +Serenade, a, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</li><li> + +Seville, story of lunatic of, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li><li> + +Shepherd of Iberia, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li> + +Shepherd of Filida, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li> + +Sleep, Sancho's views upon, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li><li> + +Soldier, sufferings of the, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.</li><li> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">xiii</a></span> + </li><li> +Tailor, the secret of a, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</li><li> + +Tasters, story of, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</li><li> + +Tears of St. Peter, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li><li> + +Tembleque, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</li><li> + +Teresa Panza, receives Sancho, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>;<ul><li> +counsels him, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>;</li><li> +her good sense, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>;</li><li> +receives the page, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>;</li><li> +writes Sancho, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li></ul></li><li> + +Tirante the White, <a href="#Page_21">20</a>.</li><li> + +Tolosa, girds on sword of Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</li><li> + +Truchuela, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li><li> + +Truth, the mother of history, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Wife, but one good, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</li><li> + </li><li> + +Zamora, a bagpipe, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>.</li></ul> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">xiv</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 20%;" /> +<h3>INDEX TO PROVERBS.</h3> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 170px;"><img src= +"images/tb.png" width="100" height="24" alt="CERVANTES." title= +"" /></div> + + +<ul class="IX"><li> +Actions, when prejudicial, not to be recorded, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</li><li> + +Advice, a woman's, to be taken, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</li><li> + +Affront, an, to be maintained, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</li><li> + +Animals, lessons to be learned from, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>.</li><li> + +Analysis of fables, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li><li> + +Army, the, a school for generosity, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li><li> + +Associates, character indicated by self-chosen ones, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li><li> + </li><li> + +Beauty, all does not inspire to love, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li><li> + +Beauty in a modest woman, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li><li> + +Beautiful objects infinite, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li><li> + +Benefits conferred on the base, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li><li> + +Bird, a, in the hand, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</li><li> + +Birds, none in last year's nests, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</li><li> + +Biters, the, are bit, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</li><li> + +Book, good in every, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li><li> + +Books, no, no bacon, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li><li> + +Brevity pleasing, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li><li> + +Building on impossibilities, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li><li> + +By-and-by, the streets of, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</li><li> + </li><li> + +Cats, by night all are gray, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</li><li> + +Church, the, the court, the sea, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li><li> + +Clergyman, a, what he should be to be beloved, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li><li> + +Companions, a man known by his, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li><li> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xv" id="Page_xv">xv</a></span> +Comparisons offensive, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li><li> + +Course, the middle, the one of valor, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li><li> + +Customs not all invented at once, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Death, a remedy for everything but, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</li><li> + +Delay breeds danger, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li><li> + +Devil, the, assumes an angel form, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li><li> + +Diligence, the mother of success, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li><li> + +Disquietude designed for knights, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</li><li> + +Drinker, a good, covered by a bad cloak, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Enemy, an, the merits of his cause, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.</li><li> + +Epics, prose, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>.</li><li> + +Ermine, an, a modest woman compared to, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li><li> + + +Fables, analysis of, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li><li> + +Fast bind, fast find, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</li><li> + +Fear, the effect of, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li><li> + +Fiction, better as it resembles truth, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li><li> + +Finger, a, between two eye-teeth, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</li><li> + +Flattery, the sway of, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.</li><li> + +Forewarned, forearmed, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li><li> + +Fortune, good, seldom comes single, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li><li> + +Fortune like a mill-wheel, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li><li> + +Friend, a, consolation, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li><li> + +Frying-pan, out of, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li><li> + </li><li> + +God's mercy more glorious than His justice, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</li><li> + +Good in every book, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li><li> + +Gold, all that glitters is not, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</li><li> + +Governing pleasant, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>.</li><li> + +Gratitude, a compensation, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>; a duty, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li><li> + +Grievance, no, can keep the sufferer from kindness, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li><li> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xvi" id="Page_xvi">xvi</a></span> + +Handle, the right one of things, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li><li> + +Happiness as reckoned by sages, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</li><li> + +History, a sacred subject, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</li><li> + +History, faithful, will survive, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li><li> + +Holy days to be kept peacefully, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>.</li><li> + +Hope and love coincident, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li><li> + +Host, to reckon without the, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li><li> + +Hypocrite, a, less dangerous than the open transgressor, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Jest, a painful, no jest, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li><li> + +Jesting, a time for, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</li><li> + +Judge, a, should lean toward compassion, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +King, serving the, in war, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</li><li> + +Knights, all, not courteous, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Lance, the, never blunted the pen, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li><li> + +Learned men among mountains. <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</li><li> + +Leap, a, better than a prayer, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li><li> + +Liberality, the blessings of, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</li><li> + +Liberty, the blessings of, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.</li><li> + +Light, the, shines upon all, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</li><li> + +Lineages, two kinds of, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li><li> + +Liver, the good, the best preacher, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</li><li> + +Love, a leveller, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li><li> + +Love, the eyes of, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li><li> + +Love, unconstrained, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li><li> + +Love, uncompromising, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li><li> + +Love, conquered by flight, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li><li> + +Love, vanities of, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li><li> + +Love, wears spectacles, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li><li> + </li><li> +Lovers, external actions of, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li><li> + +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xvii" id="Page_xvii">xvii</a></span> + +Madness, the followers of, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</li><li> + +Maiden, a, her reserve her defence, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li><li> + +Many littles make a mickle, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</li><li> + +Man, a dishonored, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.</li><li> + +Manners, good, cheap, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</li><li> + +Master, a, judged by his servants, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li><li> + +Mayor, he whose father is a, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</li><li> + +Might overcomes, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li><li> + +Mischance, one, invites another, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li><li> + +Misfortunes never single, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li><li> + +Money willingly lent to officials, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</li><li> + +Music, the effect of, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Nail, a, in Fortune's wheel, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</li><li> + +Nature is like a potter, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li><li> + +Nobility, true, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Pains, those of others are easy to bear, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li><li> + +Patience, and shuffle the cards, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</li><li> + +Paymaster, a good, needs no security, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li><li> + +Peace, no, in scruples of conscience, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li><li> + +Philosophers in cottages, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</li><li> + +Purpose, the honest, favored, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li><li> + </li><li> + +Railing is neighbor to forgiveness, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li><li> + +Remedy, a, for everything but death, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</li><li> + +Retreat sometimes wise, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li><li> + +Riches, two roads to, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</li><li> + +Riches, of little avail against trouble, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li><li> + +Rome, when in, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li><li> + +Rules for obtaining excellence, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Seeing is believing, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li><li> + +Severity is not disdain, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li><li> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xviii" id="Page_xviii">xviii</a></span> +Sleep, a cure for trouble, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li><li> + +Soldier, a covetous, a monster, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li><li> + +Soldier, equal to a captain, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</li><li> + +Song, the relief of, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li><li> + +Sorrow, concealed, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li><li> + +Sorrow, a blessing, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Thing, a, begun is half finished, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</li><li> + +Thing, a, the right handle of, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li><li> + +To-day here, to-morrow gone, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</li><li> + +Tongues as weapons, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</li><li> + +Tricks of a town, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li><li> + +Truffles, to look for, in the sea, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li><li> + +Truth, the mother of history, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li><li> + +Truth may bend, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> +Virtue more persecuted than beloved, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li><li> + </li><li> + +Walls have ears, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</li><li> + +Wealth, its gratification is a right application, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</li><li> + +Wise, a word to the, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</li><li> + +Wit and humor, attributes of genius, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</li><li> + +Woman, varieties of, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li><li> + +Woman, the burden to which she is born, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</li><li> + +Woman, her advice, to be taken, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</li><li> + + </li><li> + +Yes or no of a woman, between the, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</li></ul> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xix" id="Page_xix">xix-xx</a></span></p> + +<hr class="hr" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><img src= +"images/illus-019aa.png" width="400" height="474" alt="DON QUIXOTE." title= +"" /></div> +<p> </p> +<hr class="hr" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxi" id="Page_xxi">xxi</a></span></p> + +<h2>CERVANTES.</h2> + +<h4>A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.</h4> + + +<p>The most trivial act of the daily life of some men +has a unique interest, independent of idle curiosity, +which dissatisfies us with the meagre food of date, +place, and pedigree. So in the "Cartas de Indias" +was published, two years ago, in Spain, a facsimile +letter from Cervantes when tax-gatherer to Philip II., +informing him of the efforts he had made to collect the +taxes in certain Andalusian villages.</p> + +<p>It is difficult, from the slight social record that we +have of Cervantes, to draw the line where imagination +begins and facts end.</p> + +<p>Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, the contemporary of +Shakspeare, Galileo, Camoens, Rubens, Tasso, and +Lope de Vega, was born obscurely and in poverty, but +with good antecedents. His grandfather, Juan de Cervantes, +was the corregidor, or mayor, of Ossuna, and +our poet was the youngest son of Rodrigo and Leonora +de Cortiños, of the Barajas family. On either side he +belonged to illustrious houses. He speaks of his birthplace +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxii" id="Page_xxii">xxii</a></span> +as the "famous Henares,"—"Alcala de Henares," +sometimes called Alcala de San Justo, from the saint +San Justo having there suffered martyrdom under the +traitor Daciamos. The town is beautifully situated on +the borders of the Henares River, two thousand feet +above the level of the sea.</p> + +<p>He was born on Sunday, October 9, 1547, and was +baptized in the church of Santa Maria la Mayor, receiving +his name on the fête day of his patron Saint +Miguel, which some biographers have confounded with +that of his birthday.</p> + +<p>We may be forgiven for a few words about Alcala de +Henares, since, had it only produced so rare a man as +was Cervantes, it would have had sufficient distinction; +but it was a town of an eventful historical record. +It was destroyed about the year 1000, and rebuilt and +possessed by the Moors, was afterwards conquered by +Bernardo, Archbishop of Toledo. Three hundred years +later it was the favorite retreat of Ximenes, then Cardinal +Archbishop of Toledo, who returned to it, after +his splendid conquests, laden with gold and silver spoil +taken from the mosques of Oran, and with a far richer +treasure of precious Arabian manuscripts, intended for +such a university as had long been his ambition to +create, and the corner-stone of which he laid with his +own hands in 1500. There was a very solemn ceremonial +at the founding of this famous university, and a +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxiii" id="Page_xxiii">xxiii</a></span> +hiding away of coins and inscriptions under its massive +walls, and a pious invocation to Heaven for a special +blessing on the archbishop's design! At the end of +eight years the extensive and splendid buildings were +finished and the whole town improved. With the +quickening of literary labor and the increase of opportunities +of acquiring knowledge, the reputation of the +university was of the highest.</p> + +<p>The cardinal's comprehensive mind included in its +professorships all that he considered useful in the arts. +Emulation was encouraged, and every effort was made +to draw talent from obscurity. To this enlightened +ecclesiastic is the world indebted for the undertaking +of the Polyglot Bible, which, in connection with other +learned works, led the university to be spoken of as +one of the greatest educational establishments in the +world. From far and near were people drawn to it. +King Ferdinand paid homage to his subject's noble +testimonial of labor, by visiting the cardinal at Alcala +de Henares, and acknowledging that his own reign had +received both benefit and glory from it. The people of +Alcala punningly said, the church of Toledo had never +had a bishop of greater <i>edification</i> than Ximenes; and +Erasmus, in a letter to his friend Vergara, perpetrates +a Greek pun on the classic name of Alcala, intimating +the highest opinion of the state of science there. The +reclining statue of Ximenes, beautifully carved in alabaster, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxiv" id="Page_xxiv">xxiv</a></span> +now ornaments his sepulchre in the College of +St. Ildefonso.</p> + +<p>Cervantes shared the honor of the birthplace with the +Emperor Ferdinand; he of "blessed memory," who +failed to obtain permission from the Pope for priests +to marry, but who, in spite of turbulent times, maintained +religious peace in Germany, and lived to see the +closing of the Council of Trent, marking his reign as +one of the most enlightened of the age.</p> + +<p>Alcala also claims Antonio de Solis, the well-known +historian, whose "Conquest of Mexico" has been translated +into many languages, as well as Teodora de Beza, +a zealous Calvinistic reformer and famous divine, a +sharer of Calvin's labors in Switzerland and author +of the celebrated manuscripts known as Beza's manuscripts.</p> + +<p>Judging from the character of the town and the +refining educational influence that so grand a university +must have had over its inhabitants, we have a +right to believe that Cervantes was early imbued with +all that was noble and good, and it is difficult to understand +why, with all the advantages which the College +of St. Ildefonso opened to him, he should have been +sent away from it to that of Salamanca. Even allowing +that the supposition of early poverty was correct, it +would have appeared an additional reason for his being +educated in his native town, particularly as liberal foun<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxv" id="Page_xxv">xxv</a></span>dations +were made for indigent students. The fact of +his being sent to Salamanca would seem to disprove the +supposition of pecuniary necessity. In its early days, +the university of Salamanca was justly celebrated for +its progress in astronomy and familiarity with Greek +and Arabian writers; but, during the fifteenth and sixteenth +centuries, it seems to have remained very stationary, +little attention being paid to aught beside +medicine and dogmatic theology.</p> + +<p>After being two years at Salamanca he changed to +Madrid, where he is supposed to have made great +progress, under the care of Juan Lopez de Hoyos, a +professor of <i>belles lettres</i>, who spoke of Cervantes as +"our dear and beloved pupil." Hoyos was himself +a poet, and occasionally published collections to which +Cervantes contributed his pastoral "Filena," which +was much admired at the time. He also wrote several +ballads; but ballads generally belong to their own age, +and those that remain to us of his have lost much of +their poignancy. Two poems, written on the death +of Isabella of Valois, wife of Philip II., specially pleased +Hoyos, who at the time gave full credit to his promising +pupil. That eighth wonder of the world, the Escurial, +was in progress during Cervantes' time in Madrid; built +as expiatory by the king, the husband of the same +unfortunate Isabella. He was that subtle tyrant of +Spain, who had the grace to say, on the destruction<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxvi" id="Page_xxvi">xxvi</a></span> +of the Invincible Armada, "I sent my fleet to combat +with the English, not with the elements. God's will +be done."</p> + +<p>While he was yet a boy, bull-fights were introduced +into Spain:—</p> + +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"><small> +<span class="i_04">"Such the ungentle sport that oft invites</span> +<span class="i0">The Spanish maid, and cheers the Spanish swain,</span> +<span class="i0">Nurtured in blood betimes, his heart delights</span> +<span class="i0">In vengeance, gloating on another's pain."</span></small> +</div></div> + +<p>The attention of the Cardinal Acquaviva was called +to him through his composition of "Filena," and, in +1568 or 1569, he joined the household of the cardinal +and accompanied him to Rome. It is sad to think that +only a few meagre items are all that remain to tell us +of his daily life at this important period of his life. +By some of his biographers he is mentioned as being +under the protection of the cardinal; by one as seeking +to better his penniless condition; by another as having +the place of <i>valet de chambre</i>; and still again, we find +him mentioned as a chamberlain in the household. +Monsignor Guilio Acquaviva, in 1568, went as ambassador +to Spain to offer the king the condolences of the +Pontiff on the death of Don Carlos. The cardinal was +a man of high position, young, yet of great accomplishments, +and with cultivated literary tastes. What then +could have been more natural than that he should have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxvii" id="Page_xxvii">xxvii</a></span> +found companionship in Cervantes, and have desired to +attach him to himself as a friend or as a confidential +secretary, to be always near him. It is more than probable +that his impressions of Southern France, which +he immortalized in his early pastoral romance of "Galatea" +were imbibed while making the journey to Rome +with the cardinal, in whose service he must have remained +three years, as in October 7, 1571, we find him +joining the united Venetian, Papal, and Spanish expedition +commanded by Don John of Austria, against +the Turks and the African corsairs.</p> + +<p>In the naval engagement at Lepanto, Cervantes was +badly wounded, and finally lost his left hand and part +of the arm. For six months he was immured in the +hospital at Messina. After his recovery, he joined the +expedition to the Levant, commanded by Marco Antonio +Colonna, Duke of Valiano. He joined at intervals +various other expeditions, and not till after his prominence +in the engagement at Tunis, did he, in 1575, +start to return to Spain, the land of his heart, the theme +of the poet, and the region supposed by the Moors to +have dropped from heaven. Don John of Austria and +Don Carlos of Arragon, Viceroy of Sicily, each bore +the warmest testimony to the bravery and heroism of +our poet, and each gave him strong letters of commendation +to the king of Spain.</p> + +<p>In company with his own brother Roderigo, and other +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxviii" id="Page_xxviii">xxviii</a></span> +wounded soldiers who were returning home, he started +in the ship <i>El Sol</i>, which had the misfortune, September +26, 1575, to be captured by an Algerine squadron. +Then it happened that the letters from the two kings, +so highly prized and upon which he had built so many +hopes, proved a great misfortune to him. The pirates +cast lots for the captives. Cervantes fell to the share +of the captain, Dali Mami by name, who, in consequence +of finding these two letters, imagined he must +be some Don of great importance and worth a heavy +ransom. He was watched and guarded with great +strictness, loaded with heavy fetters, and subjected to +cruelties of every kind, till his captor, not finding +him of so much account as he had supposed, and +no money being offered for his ransom, the captain +finally sold him for five hundred escudos to the Dey +Azan.</p> + +<p>Inasmuch as a change might lead to something better, +Cervantes rejoiced. His gallant spirit, ever hopeful, +looked for the open door in misfortune. But, alas! +his increased sufferings with the Dey reached a climax +almost beyond endurance. He made every struggle to +escape; but even in the midst of all his own sufferings, +he found ways of aiding his fellow-victims and inspiring +them with the hopes denied to himself. Roderigo +had escaped long before, and from that time was making +constant exertion to raise the needful amount to redeem +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxix" id="Page_xxix">xxix</a></span> +Miguel from the Dey, but not till September, 1580, did +he succeed in effecting his release; some biographers +making it a still later date.</p> + +<p>His father had long been dead, and his mother and +sisters gathered what they could, but the combined +family efforts were insufficient. There was a society +of pious and generous monks, who made special exertions +to assist in the liberation of Christian captives, +and they finally made up the amount demanded by Azan +for Cervantes' release.</p> + +<p>Worn down in spirit, broken in health, crushed at +heart, who may venture to speak of the effect upon him +when he once more found himself at home and in the +embraces of his family? He himself says: "What +transport in life can equal that which a man feels on +the restoration of his liberty?" There is probably no +more thrilling or exact an account of the Algerine +slavery than he has given in "Don Quixote." Whether +his love for a military life still pursued him, whether +he desired an opportunity for revenge upon his persecutors, +or whether it was fatality,—maimed and ruined +as he was he once more entered the army. We cannot +analyze his motive. He makes his bachelor Sampson +say, "The historian must pen things not as they ought +to have been but as they really were, without adding to +or diminishing aught from the truth." The lives of +literary men are not always devoid of stirring incidents. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxx" id="Page_xxx">xxx</a></span> +M. Viardot says of him: "Cervantes was an illustrious +man before he became an illustrious author; the doer +of great deeds before he produced an immortal book." +Don Lope de Figueras then commanded a regiment of +tried and veteran soldiers in the army of the Duke of +Alva, in Portugal. His brother Roderigo was serving +in it when he joined it; and as Figueras had known +Cervantes in former campaigns, it is most probable he +was in his regiment. Later on, we find Cervantes accompanying +the Marquis de Santa Cruz on an expedition +to the Azores, serving long and bravely under him. +The conquest of the Azores is described as a fiercely +won but brilliant victory over all the islands; and Cervantes +immortalized the genius and gallantry of the +admiral in a sonnet.</p> + +<p>The spirit of adventure ran high among the Castilians, +while the whole nation was at the same time in +course of mental as well as moral development. We +are obliged to acknowledge that Spain in many ways +was far behind Italy, though hardly as some would have +it, at the distance of half a century. We must remember +that, in 1530, there were only two hundred printing-presses +in the whole of Europe, and that when the first +one was set up in London, the Westminster abbot exclaimed, +"Brethren, this is a tremendous engine! We +must control it, or it will conquer us." The first press +in Spain was set up in Valencia, in 1474, and Clemencin +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxi" id="Page_xxxi">xxxi</a></span> +says that more printing-presses in the infancy of +the art were probably at work in Spain than there are +at the present day.</p> + +<p>A change seemed to have crept gradually over the +whole national character of Spain after the brilliant +and prosperous reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, commencing +with the severity of the Inquisition and continuing +under the tyranny of Philip II., predisposing +the army to savage deeds, till even the women and +children were infected and the literature of the period +slightly tinged.</p> + +<p>Cervantes is too often merged into Don Quixote as +if he had no separate existence. He accomplished more +for the improvement of Spanish literature with his well-timed +satire than all the laws or sermons could effect. +His remarkable mind seems to have escaped the influence +of the times, unless we make an exception of his +drama "Numancia," which, while it excites the imagination, +fills us with horror at its details, and fails to touch +our hearts, but is full of historical truths. Schlegel, +however, reviews it with enthusiasm. He calls his +"Life in Algiers" a comedy, but undoubtedly it is a +true picture of his own captivity. We are touched and +filled with gloom at its perusal, and only remember it +as a tragedy. These two dramas were lost sight of till +the end of the eighteenth century, and they are superior +to later dramatic efforts. He was proud of his original +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxii" id="Page_xxxii">xxxii</a></span> +conception of a tragedy composed of ideal and allegorical +characters which he permitted to have part in the "Life +in Algiers," as well as in "Numancia." Of the thirty +plays spoken of as given to the stage but few now +remain; but others may yet be found. The Spaniards +say the faults of a great writer are not left in the ink-stand. +Spain, in Cervantes' day, had passed the chivalric +age, though many relics of it still remained in its +legends, songs, and proverbs. Cervantes becomes his +own critic in his "Supplement to a Journey to Parnassus," +and speaking of his dramas, says: "I should +declare them worthy the favor they have received were +they not my own." Unfortunately, his comedy of "La +Confusa" is among the lost ones. He alludes to it as +a good one among the best.</p> + +<p>We have known Cervantes as a student, a soldier, a +captive, and an author, and now we have to imagine +our maimed and bronzed soldier-poet, after his many +fortunes of war, in the new character of a lover. In +thought we trace his noble features, his intelligent look +and expressive eye, combined with his dignified bearing +and thoughtful manner, and in so tracing we find it +congenial to imagine him as being well dressed and +enveloped in the ample Spanish cloak thrown gracefully +over his breast and left shoulder, concealing the poor +mutilated arm, and at the same time making it all the +more difficult to believe that the right one had ever +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxiii" id="Page_xxxiii">xxxiii</a></span> +wielded a "Toledo blade" or sworn that very strongest +vow of loyalty, "A fe de Rodrigo."<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">1</a></p> + +<p>We find him much interested in the quaint old-fashioned +town of Esquivias, making many friends therein, +and sometimes gossiping with the host of the <i>fonda</i>, +so famed for the generous wines of Esquivias that it +needed no "bush;" and while enjoying his cigarito and +taking an occasional morsel from the dish of <i>quisado</i> +before him, he is learning from the same gossiping host +many items of interest about the very illustrious families +of Esquivias,—for it was famed for its chivalrous +prowess and its "claims of long descent." He had +commenced his "Galatea," and in it he was painting +living portraits, and with great delicacy he was, as the +shepherd Elicio, portraying his passion for Catalina, the +daughter of Fernando de Salazar ý Voxmediano and +Catalina de Palacios, both of illustrious families. Her +father was dead, and she had been educated by her +uncle, Francisco de Salazar, who left her a legacy in +his will.</p> + +<p>The fair Catalina, like other Spanish señoritas, was +under the espionage of a strict dueña, and his opportunities +of seeing her were very limited. Sometimes we +fancy him awaiting the passing of the hour of the siesta +and knocking at the grating of the heavy door of the +house of the Salazars, and in reply to the porter's question +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxiv" id="Page_xxxiv">xxxiv</a></span> +of <i>Quien es</i>? answering, in his melodious tones, +<i>Gente de paz</i> (literally, "a friend"),—a precaution +which still continues in Spain. Meanwhile, his romance +of "Galatea" and of his own life are both growing. +The occasion inspires him. He is still in Esquivias, +wandering through the olive groves and by the river +side, sometimes resting, and drinking in the fragrance +from an orange-tree while his untold wealth of brain +was seeking for its exit. Sometimes he had Catalina +for a companion, the dueña lingering slightly behind. +Sometimes he saw her at the church like a fair saint, +kneeling; but oftener he wandered alone with his now +happy thoughts, scarce knowing that the night was +closing about him, or scarce heeding the watchman who +cried, "All hail, Mary, mother of Jesus! half past +twelve o'clock and a cloudy morning!" and thus, to +this day, are the Spaniards warned of the hour and +the weather. His "Galatea" remains unfinished. He +had not meant that all this song should be for the public +ear. The end was for his love alone!</p> + +<p>On the 12th of December, 1584, he was married to +Catalina. Not many years ago, the marriage contract +was found in the public registry of Esquivias. It +contains an inventory of the marriage-dowry promised +by the bride's mother, of "lands, furniture, utensils, +and live-stock." Then follows the details, "several +vineyards, amounting to twelve acres, beds, chairs, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxv" id="Page_xxxv">xxxv</a></span> +brooms, brushes, poultry, and sundry sacks of flour." +It is spoken of as a very respectable dowry at a time +when sacks of wheat were worth eight reals. Then follows, +in the same document, his own settlement upon +his wife, which is stated to be one hundred ducats. By +the custom of the time that was one-tenth of his whole +property, or to quote again, which "must have amounted +to a thousand ducats, which at present would be equivalent +to about four hundred and fifty pounds sterling." +Gladly would we find some pleasant items of happy +home life, though, for the next four years, he lived +quietly at Esquivias, and cared for the vineyards like +any landholder, till, perhaps, he tired and went on to +Seville, where he took up some mercantile business, +though never entirely giving up the pen; but from 1598 +till 1605, there are no real traces of him, when it would +appear that he had removed to Valladolid.</p> + +<p>There is little doubt but that he suffered both in purse +and feeling from want of appreciation; but the Spanish +proverb says, "An author's work who looks to money +is the coat of a tailor who works late on the vespers of +Easter Sunday." He had too noble a mind to harbor +so mean a sentiment as jealousy, and was far in advance +of his age. His countrymen, with characteristic indolence, +were ready to cry, <i>manaña, manaña</i> (to-morrow, +to-morrow), and so it was left for later generations to +honor his memory, for his power of invention and purity +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxvi" id="Page_xxxvi">xxxvi</a></span> +of imagination can never be rivalled. While acting +as clerk in Seville to Antonio de Guevara, the Commissary-General +to the Indian and American dependencies, +he must have been sadly disappointed, particularly as, +during that time, he had been unjustly thrown into +prison on the plea of not accounting for trust-money +with satisfaction. Mr. Ticknor gives the following +interesting account: "During his residence at Seville, +Cervantes made an ineffectual application to the king +for an appointment in America, setting forth by the +exact documents a general account of his adventures, +services, and sufferings while a soldier in the +Levant, and of the miseries of his life while a slave in +Algiers; but no other than a formal answer seems to +have been returned to his application, and the whole +affair leaves us to infer the severity of that distress +which could induce him to seek relief in exile to a +colony of which he has elsewhere spoken as the great +resort for rogues." The appointment he desired was +either corregidor (or mayor) of the city of Paz or the +auditorship of New Grenada, the governorship of the +province of Socunusco or that of the galleys of Carthagena. +His removal to Valladolid seems to have been +by command of the revenue authorities, where he still +collected taxes for public and private persons. While +collecting for the prior of the order of St. John, he was +again ill-treated and thrown into prison.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxvii" id="Page_xxxvii">xxxvii</a></span>Not till he was fifty-eight years old did he give to +the world his master-piece, and thus immortalizes La +Mancha, in return for his inhospitable and cruel treatment. +"Don Quixote" was licensed at Valladolid in +1604, and printed at Madrid in 1605. Its success was +so great that, during his lifetime, thirty thousand volumes +were printed, which in that day was little short +of marvellous. Four editions were published the first +year, two at Madrid, one at Valencia, and one at Lisbon. +Byron says: "Cervantes laugh'd Spain's chivalry +away!" So popular was it, that a spurious second +part, under the fictitious authorship of Avellanada was +published. Cervantes was furious, and called him a +blockhead; but Germond de Lavigue, the distinguished +Spanish scholar, rashly asserts that but for this Avellanada, +he would never have finished "Don Quixote." +Even before it was printed, jealousy evidently existed +in the hearts of rival writers, for in one of +Lope's letters he refers to it, and spitefully hints that +no poet could be found to write commendatory verses +on it.</p> + +<p>He recognized the fact of universal selfishness when +he makes Sancho Panza refuse to learn the Don's love-letter +and say, "Write it, your worship, for it's sheer +nonsense to trust anything to my memory."</p> + +<p>Spain is so full of rich material for romance that +from it his mature mind seemed to inaugurate a new +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxviii" id="Page_xxxviii">xxxviii</a></span> +age in Spanish literature. After the gloomy intolerance +of Philip II., the advent of Philip III. added +much to the literary freedom of Spain, which still belonged +to the "Age of Chivalry," and to this day the +true Spaniard nourishes the lofty and romantic qualities +which, combined with a tone of sentiment and +gravity and nobility of conversation, embellishes the +legitimate grandee. Sismondi de Sismondi says the +style of "Don Quixote" is inimitable. Montesquieu +says: "It is written to prove all others useless." To +some it is an allegory, to some a tragedy, to some a +parable, and to others a satire. As a satirist we think +him unrivalled, and this spirit found a choice opportunity +for vent when the troops of Don Carlos I. marched +upon Rome, taking Pope Clement VII. prisoner, while +at the same time the king was having prayers said in +the churches of Madrid for the deliverance of the Pope, +on the plea that "he was obliged to make war against +the <i>temporal</i> sovereign of Rome, but not upon the spiritual +head of the Church!" No wonder the king, after +proving himself so good a Catholic, should end his days +in a monastery, or that he should mortify himself by +lying in a coffin, wrapped in a shroud, while funeral +services were performed over him. What, again, could +have appealed more to his sense of the ridiculous than +the contest between the priests and the authorities over +the funeral obsequies of Philip II., so intolerant a tyrant +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxix" id="Page_xxxix">xxxix</a></span> +that he caused every Spaniard to breathe more freely +as he ceased so to do. He used his people as</p> + +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"><small> +<span class="i_04">"Broken tools, that tyrants cast away</span> +<span class="i0">By myriads, when they dare to pave their way</span> +<span class="i0">With human hearts."</span></small> +</div></div> + +<p>We can easily believe in the greater freedom during +the reign of Philip III. "Viva el Rey."</p> + +<p>The Count de Lemos was his near friend and protector +when he brought out the second part of "Don +Quixote," and ridiculed his rival imitator. He was a +pioneer of so elevated a character as to preclude the +possibility of followers. Every one is familiar with it +as a story, and the mishaps of the gentle, noble-minded, +kind-hearted old Don, as well as the delusions, simplicity, +and selfishness of the devoted squire, will never +lose their power to amuse. It may be extravagant, but +it is not a burlesque. The strong character painting, +the ideas, situations, and language, clothed in such simplicity +that at times it becomes almost solemn, give it a +grandeur that no other book, considered as a romance, +possesses. The old anecdote of the king observing a +student walking by the river side and bursting into involuntary +fits of laughter over a book, exclaiming, "The +man is either mad or reading 'Don Quixote,'" is well +preserved. One peculiar feature of the book is that, even +now, for some places, it would be a useful guide, many +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xl" id="Page_xl">xl</a></span> +of the habits and customs of Spain three hundred years +ago being still the same. What a volume of wit and wisdom +is contained in the proverbs and aphorisms. One +might quote from it indefinitely had he not told us that +"without discretion there is no wit." His own motive +in writing it we find in the last paragraph of the book, +namely, "My sole object has been to expose to the contempt +they deserved the extravagant and silly tricks of +chivalry, which this my true and genuine 'Don Quixote' +has nearly accomplished, their worldly credit being +now actually tottering, and will doubtless soon sink, +never to rise again."</p> + +<p>Now, all languages have it. There are eight translations +into English alone; but it is always impossible +for the translator to render its true spirit or to give it +full justice. With all its vivacity and drollery, its delicate +satire and keen ridicule, it has a mournful tinge +of melancholy running through, and here and there +peeping out, only to have been gathered from such +experience as his. He wrote with neither bitterness +nor a diseased imagination, always realizing what is +due to himself and with a full appreciation of and desire +for fame. Many scenes of real suffering appear under +a dramatic guise, and here and there creep out bits of +personal history. His nature was chivalrous in the +highest degree. His sorrows were greater than his +joys. Born for the library, he prefers the camp, and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xli" id="Page_xli">xli</a></span> +abandons literature to fight the Turks. Does he not make +the Don say, "Let none presume to tell me the pen is +preferable to the sword." Again he says: "Allowing +that the end of war is peace, and that in this it exceeds +the end of learning, let us weigh the bodily labors the +scholar undergoes against those the warrior suffers, and +then see which are the greatest." Then he enumerates: +"First, poverty; and having said he endures +poverty, methinks nothing more need be urged to express +his misery, for he that is poor enjoys no happiness, +but labors under this poverty in all its guises, at +one time in hunger, at another in cold, another in +nakedness, and sometimes in all of them together." +Later on he makes him say: "It gives me some concern +to think that powder and lead may suddenly cut +short my career of glory."</p> + +<p>The world can only be grateful that "his career of +glory" did not end in the military advancement he had +the right to expect. Had he been a general, his Rozinante +might still have been wandering without a name, +and Sancho Panza have died a common laborer. Again +he says: "Would to God I could find a place to serve +as a private tomb for this wearisome burden of life +which I bear so much against my inclination." Surviving +almost unheard-of grievances only to emerge +from them with greater power; depicting in his works +true outlines of his own adventures, sometimes by a +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xlii" id="Page_xlii">xlii</a></span> +proverb, often by a romance, he never loses one jot of +his pride, giving golden advice to Sancho when a governor, +and finishing with the expression, "So may'st +thou escape the <span class="smcap">PITY</span> of the world." In May, 1605, he +was called upon as a witness in a case of a man who was +mortally wounded and dragged at night into his apartment, +which almost accidentally gives us his household, +consisting of his wife; his natural daughter Isabel, +twenty years of age, unmarried; his sister, a widow, +above fifty years; her unmarried daughter, aged twenty-eight; +his half-sister, a religieuse; and a maid-servant. +His "Española Inglesa" appeared in 1611. His moral +tales, the pioneers in Spanish literature, are a combination +without special plan of serious and comic, romance +and anecdote, evidently giving, under the guise of fiction, +poetically colored bits of his own experience in +Italy and Africa. In his story of "La Gitanilla" (the +gipsy girl) may be found the argument of Weber's +opera of "Preciosa." "Parnassus" was written two +years before his death, after which he wrote eight comedies +and a sequel to his twelve moral tales. In his story +of "Rinconete ý Cortadilla" he evidently derives the +names from <i>rincon</i> (a corner) and <i>cortar</i> (to cut). His +last work was "Persiles and Sigismunda," the preface +of which is a near presentiment of his closing labors. +He says: "Farewell, gayety; farewell, humor; farewell, +my pleasant friends. I must now die, and I desire +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xliii" id="Page_xliii">xliii</a></span> +nothing more than to soon see you again happy in another +world." His industry was wonderful. We can +but have a grateful feeling towards the Count de Lemos +for adding to his physical comfort for the last few years, +and feel a regret that the Count, who had lingered in +Naples, could not have arrived in time to see him once +more when he so ardently desired it. In a dedication +to the Count of his final romance, written only four +days before his death, he very touchingly says: "I +could have wished not to have been obliged to make +so close a personal application of the old verses commencing +'With the foot already in the stirrup,' for +with very little alteration I may truly say that with my +foot in the stirrup, feeling this moment the pains of +dissolution, I address this letter to you. Yesterday I +received extreme unction. To-day I have resumed my +pen. Time is short, my pains increase, my hopes diminish, +yet I do wish my life might be prolonged till +I could see you again in Spain." His wish was not to +be gratified; the Count, unaware of the near danger +of his friend, only returned to find himself overwhelmed +with grief at his loss.</p> + +<p>After sixty-nine years of varied fortunes and many +struggles, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra breathed his +last, unsoothed by the hands he had loved, for even this +privilege seems to have been denied to him. At the +near end of his life he had joined the kindly third order +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xliv" id="Page_xliv">xliv</a></span> +of the Franciscan friars, and the brethren cared for him +at the last. His remarkable clearness of intellect never +failed him, and on April 23, 1616, the very day that +Shakspeare died at Stratford, Cervantes died at Madrid. +Unlike the great English contemporary, whose undisturbed +bones have lain quietly under peril of his malediction, +the bones of the great Spanish poet were irrevocably +lost when the old Convent of the Trinity, in +the Calle del Humilladero, was destroyed. Ungrateful +Spain! the spot had never been marked with a common +tombstone.</p> + +<p>The old house<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">2</a> in the Calle de Francos, where he +died, was so dilapidated that, in 1835, it was destroyed. +It was rebuilt, and a marble bust of Cervantes was +placed over the entrance by the sculptor, Antonio Sola.</p> + +<p>The "Madrid Epoca," under the heading of "The +Prison of Cervantes," calls attention to the alarming +state of decay of the house in Argamasilla del Alba, +in the cellar of which, as an extemporized dungeon, +tradition asserts that Cervantes was imprisoned, and +where he penned at least a portion of his work. It was +in this cellar that, a few years since, the Madrid publishing +house of Rivadeneyra erected a press and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xlv" id="Page_xlv">xlv</a></span> +printed their edition <i>de luxe</i> of "Don Quijote." The +house was, some years since, purchased by the late Infante +Don Sebastian, with a view to a complete and +careful restoration; but political changes and his death +prevented a realization of his project. The "Epoca" +now calls public attention to the state of decay of the +house, with a view to an immediate restoration.</p> + +<p>In the Plaza de las Cortes, the city of Madrid has +placed a beautiful bronze statue of Cervantes upon a +square pedestal of granite. Upon the sides are bas-reliefs +representing subjects taken from "Don Quijote +de la Mancha."</p> + +<p>The present time honors his memory; and for all +time he will live in the hearts of all true lovers of +genius.</p> + +<div class="center2"><span class="smcap">Requiescat in Pace.</span></div> + +<p class="quotsig">EMMA THOMPSON.</p> +<hr class="hr" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><img src= +"images/illus-047aa.png" width="400" height="413" alt="SANCHO PANZA" title= +"" /><br /><span class="caption">SANCHO PANZA.</span></div> +<hr class="hr" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">1</a></span></p> +<h3>WIT AND WISDOM</h3> + +<h5>OF</h5> + +<h2>DON QUIXOTE.</h2> +<hr class="hr" /> + +<p>Down in a village of La Mancha, the name of +which I have no desire to recollect, there lived, not +long ago, one of those gentlemen who usually keep +a lance upon a rack, an old buckler, a lean horse, +and a coursing grayhound. Soup, composed of somewhat +more mutton than beef, the fragments served up +cold on most nights, lentils on Fridays, collops and +eggs on Saturdays, and a pigeon by way of addition +on Sundays, consumed three-fourths of his income; +the remainder of it supplied him with a cloak of fine +cloth, velvet breeches, with slippers of the same for +holidays, and a suit of the best homespun, in which +he adorned himself on week-days. His family consisted +of a housekeeper above forty, a niece not quite +twenty, and a lad who served him both in the field and +at home, who could saddle the horse or handle the +pruning-hook. The age of our gentleman bordered +upon fifty years: he was of a strong constitution, +spare-bodied, of a meagre visage, a very early riser, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">2</a></span> +and a lover of the chase. Some pretend to say that +his surname was Quixada or Quesada, for on this +point his historians differ; though, from very probable +conjectures, we may conclude that his name was +Quixana. This is, however, of little importance to +our history; let it suffice that, in relating it, we do +not swerve a jot from the truth.</p> + +<p>In fine, his judgment being completely obscured, he +was seized with one of the strangest fancies that ever +entered the head of any madman; this was, a belief +that it behooved him, as well for the advancement of +his glory as the service of his country, to become a +knight-errant, and traverse the world, armed and +mounted, in quest of adventures, and to practice all +that had been performed by knights-errant of whom +he had read; redressing every species of grievance, +and exposing himself to dangers, which, being surmounted, +might secure to him eternal glory and renown. +The poor gentleman imagined himself at +least crowned Emperor of Trebisond, by the valor +of his arm; and thus wrapped in these agreeable delusions +and borne away by the extraordinary pleasure +he found in them, he hastened to put his designs into +execution.</p> + +<p>The first thing he did was to scour up some rusty +armor which had been his great-grandfather's, and +had lain many years neglected in a corner. This +he cleaned and adjusted as well as he could; but he +found one grand defect,—the helmet was incomplete, +having only the morion. This deficiency, however, +he ingeniously supplied by making a kind of visor of +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">3</a></span> +pasteboard, which, being fixed to the morion, gave the +appearance of an entire helmet. It is true, indeed, +that, in order to prove its strength, he drew his sword, +and gave it two strokes, the first of which instantly +demolished the labor of a week; but not altogether +approving of the facility with which it was destroyed, +and in order to secure himself against a similar misfortune, +he made another visor, which, having fenced +in the inside with small bars of iron, he felt assured of +its strength, and, without making any more experiments, +held it to be a most excellent helmet.</p> + +<p>In the next place he visited his steed; and although +this animal had more blemishes than the horse of Gonela, +which, "<i>tantum pellis et ossa fuit</i>," yet, in his +eyes, neither the Bucephalus of Alexander nor the +Cid's Babieca, could be compared with him. Four +days was he deliberating upon what name he should +give him; for, as he said to himself, it would be very +improper that a horse so excellent, appertaining to a +knight so famous, should be without an appropriate +name; he therefore endeavored to find one that should +express what he had been before he belonged to a +knight-errant, and also what he now was: nothing +could, indeed, be more reasonable than that, when the +master changed his state, the horse should likewise +change his name and assume one pompous and high-sounding, +as became the new order he now professed. +So, after having devised, altered, lengthened, curtailed, +rejected, and again framed in his imagination a variety +of names, he finally determined upon Rozinante, a +name in his opinion lofty, sonorous, and full of meaning; +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">4</a></span> +importing that he had only been a rozin—a +drudge horse—before his present condition, and that +now he was before all the rozins in the world.</p> + +<p>Having given his horse a name so much to his satisfaction, +he resolved to fix upon one for himself. This +consideration employed him eight more days, when at +length he determined to call himself Don Quixote; +whence some of the historians of this most true history +have concluded that his name was certainly Quixada, +and not Quesada, as others would have it. Then +recollecting that the valorous Amadis, not content with +the simple appellation of Amadis, added thereto the +name of his kingdom and native country, in order to +render it famous, styling himself Amadis de Gaul; so +he, like a good knight, also added the name of his +province, and called himself Don Quixote de la Mancha; +whereby, in his opinion, he fully proclaimed his +lineage and country, which, at the same time, he honored +by taking its name.</p> + +<p>His armor being now furbished, his helmet made +perfect, his horse and himself provided with names, +he found nothing wanting but a lady to be in love +with, as he said,—</p> + +<p>"A knight-errant without a mistress was a tree +without either fruit or leaves, and a body without a +soul!"</p> + +<p>One morning before day, being one of the most sultry +in the month of July, he armed himself cap-a-pie, +mounted Rozinante, placed the helmet on his head, +braced on his target, took his lance, and, through the +private gate of his back yard, issued forth into the open +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">5</a></span> +plain, in a transport of joy to think he had met with +no obstacles to the commencement of his honorable +enterprise. But scarce had he found himself on the +plain when he was assailed by a recollection so terrible +as almost to make him abandon the undertaking; for +it just then occurred to him that he was not yet dubbed +a knight; therefore, in conformity to the laws of chivalry, +he neither could nor ought to enter the lists against +any of that order; and, if he had been actually dubbed +he should, as a new knight, have worn white armor, +without any device on his shield, until he had gained +one by force of arms. These considerations made him +irresolute whether to proceed, but frenzy prevailing +over reason, he determined to get himself made a +knight by the first one he should meet, like many +others of whom he had read. As to white armor, he +resolved, when he had an opportunity, to scour his +own, so that it should be whiter than ermine. Having +now composed his mind, he proceeded, taking whatever +road his horse pleased; for therein, he believed, consisted +the true spirit of adventure. Everything that +our adventurer saw and conceived was, by his imagination, +moulded to what he had read; so in his eyes the inn +appeared to be a castle, with its four turrets, and pinnacles +of shining silver, together with its drawbridge, +deep moat, and all the appurtenances with which such +castles are visually described. When he had advanced +within a short distance of it, he checked Rozinante, expecting +some dwarf would mount the battlements, to +announce by sound of trumpet the arrival of a knight-errant +at the castle; but, finding them tardy, and Rozinante +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">6</a></span> +impatient for the stable, he approached the inn-door, +and there saw the two girls, who to him appeared +to be beautiful damsels or lovely dames enjoying themselves +before the gate of their castle.</p> + +<p>It happened that, just at this time, a swineherd collecting +his hogs (I make no apology, for so they are +called) from an adjoining stubblefield, blew the horn +which assembles them together, and instantly Don +Quixote was satisfied, for he imagined it was a dwarf +who had given the signal of his arrival. With extraordinary +satisfaction, therefore, he went up to the inn; +upon which the ladies, being startled at the sight of a +man armed in that manner, with lance and buckler, +were retreating into the house; but Don Quixote, perceiving +their alarm, raised his pasteboard visor, thereby +partly discovering his meagre, dusty visage, and with +gentle demeanor and placid voice, thus addressed them: +"Fly not, ladies, nor fear any discourtesy, for it would +be wholly inconsistent with the order of knighthood, +which I profess, to offer insult to any person, much less +to virgins of that exalted rank which your appearance +indicates." The girls stared at him, and were endeavoring +to find out his face, which was almost concealed +by the sorry visor; but hearing themselves called virgins, +they could not forbear laughing, and to such a +degree that Don Quixote was displeased, and said to +them: "Modesty well becomes beauty, and excessive +laughter proceeding from slight cause is folly."</p> + +<p>This language, so unintelligible to the ladies, added +to the uncouth figure of our knight, increased their +laughter; consequently he grew more indignant, and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">7</a></span> +would have proceeded further but for the timely appearance +of the innkeeper, a very corpulent and therefore +a very pacific man, who, upon seeing so ludicrous +an object, armed, and with accoutrements so ill-sorted +as were the bridle, lance, buckler, and corselet, felt disposed +to join the damsels in demonstrations of mirth; +but, in truth, apprehending some danger from a form +thus strongly fortified, he resolved to behave with civility, +and therefore said, "If, Sir Knight, you are seeking +for a lodging, you will here find, excepting a bed (for +there are none in this inn), everything in abundance." +Don Quixote, perceiving the humility of the governor +of the fortress,—for such to him appeared the innkeeper,—answered, +"For me, Signor Castellano, anything +will suffice, since arms are my ornaments, warfare +my repose." The host thought he called him Castellano +because he took him for a sound Castilian, whereas +he was an Andalusian of the coast of St. Lucar, as great +a thief as Cacus and not less mischievous than a collegian +or a page; and he replied, "If so, your worship's +beds must be hard rocks, and your sleep continual +watching; and that being the case, you may dismount +with a certainty of finding here sufficient cause for +keeping awake the whole year, much more a single +night." So saying, he laid hold of Don Quixote's +stirrup, who alighted with much difficulty and pain, +for he had fasted the whole of the day. He then desired +the host to take especial care of his steed, for it +was the finest creature ever fed; the innkeeper examined +him, but thought him not so good by half as his +master had represented him. Having led the horse to +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">8</a></span> +the stable he returned to receive the orders of his guest, +whom the damsels, being now reconciled to him, were +disarming; they had taken off the back and breast +plates, but endeavored in vain to disengage the gorget, +or take off the counterfeit beaver, which he had fastened +with green ribbons in such a manner that they +could not be untied, and he would upon no account +allow them to be cut; therefore he remained all that +night with his helmet on, the strangest and most ridiculous +figure imaginable.</p> + +<p>While these light girls, whom he still conceived to +be persons of quality and ladies of the castle, were +disarming him, he said to them, with infinite grace: +"Never before was knight so honored by ladies as Don +Quixote, after his departure from his native village! +damsels attended upon him; princesses took charge of +his steed! O Rosinante,—for that, ladies, is the name +of my horse, and Don Quixote de la Mancha my own; +although it was not my intention to have discovered +myself until deeds performed in your service should +have proclaimed me; but impelled to make so just an +application of that ancient romance of Lanzarote to my +present situation, I have thus prematurely disclosed my +name: yet the time shall come when your ladyships +may command, and I obey; when the valor of my arm +shall make manifest the desire I have to serve you." +The girls, unaccustomed to such rhetorical flourishes, +made no reply, but asked whether he would please to +eat anything. "I shall willingly take some food," +answered Don Quixote, "for I apprehend it would be +of much service to me." That day happened to be +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">9</a></span> +Friday, and there was nothing in the house but some +fish of that kind which in Castile is called Abadexo; +in Andalusia, Bacallao; in some parts, Curadillo: and +in others, Truchuela. They asked if his worship would +like some truchuela, for they had no other fish to offer +him. "If there be many troutlings," replied Don +Quixote, "they will supply the place of one trout; for +it is the same to me whether I receive eight single rials +or one piece-of-eight. Moreover, these troutlings may +be preferable, as veal is better than beef, and kid superior +to goat. Be that as it may, let it come immediately, +for the toil and weight of arms cannot be +sustained by the body unless the interior be supplied +with aliments." For the benefit of the cool air, they +placed the table at the door of the inn, and the landlord +produced some of his ill-soaked and worse-cooked +bacallao, with bread as foul and black as the knight's +armor. But it was a spectacle highly risible to see +him eat; for his hands being engaged in holding his +helmet on and raising the beaver, he could not feed +himself, therefore one of the ladies performed that office +for him; but to drink would have been utterly impossible +had not the innkeeper bored a reed, and placing +one end into his mouth at the other poured in the wine; +and all this he patiently endured rather than cut the +lacings of his helmet.</p> + + + +<hr class="hr" /> + +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the pleasant method don quixote took to be +dubbed a knight.</span></div> + +<p>It troubled him to reflect that he was not yet a knight, +feeling persuaded that he could not lawfully engage in +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">10</a></span> +any adventure until he had been invested with the +order of knighthood.</p> + +<p>Agitated by this idea, he abruptly finished his scanty +supper, called the innkeeper, and, shutting himself up +with him in the stable, he fell on his knees before him +and said, "Never will I arise from this place, valorous +knight, until your courtesy shall vouchsafe to grant a +boon which it is my intention to request,—a boon that +will redound to your glory and to the benefit of all +mankind." The innkeeper, seeing his guest at his +feet and hearing such language, stood confounded and +stared at him without knowing what to do or say; he +entreated him to rise, but in vain, until he had promised +to grant the boon he requested. "I expected no +less, signor, from your great magnificence," replied +Don Quixote; "know, therefore, that the boon I have +demanded, and which your liberality has conceded, is +that on the morrow you will confer upon me the honor +of knighthood. This night I will watch my arms in the +chapel of your castle, in order that, in the morning, +my earnest desire may be fulfilled and I may with propriety +traverse the four quarters of the world in quest +of adventures for the relief of the distressed, conformable +to the duties of chivalry and of knights-errant, +who, like myself, are devoted to such pursuits."</p> + +<p>The host, who, as we have said, was a shrewd fellow, +and had already entertained some doubts respecting the +wits of his guest, was now confirmed in his suspicions; +and to make sport for the night, determined to follow +his humor. He told him, therefore, that his desire was +very reasonable, and that such pursuits were natural +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">11</a></span> +and suitable to knights so illustrious as he appeared to +be, and as his gallant demeanor fully testified; that +he had himself in the days of his youth followed that +honorable profession, and travelled over various parts +of the world in search of adventures; failing not to visit +the suburbs of Malaga, the isles of Riaran, the compass +of Seville, the market-place of Segovia, the olive-field +of Valencia, the rondilla of Grenada, the coast of St. +Lucar, the fountain of Cordova, the taverns of Toledo, +and divers other parts, where he had exercised the +agility of his heels and the dexterity of his hands; +committing sundry wrongs, soliciting widows, seducing +damsels, cheating youths,—in short, making himself +known to most of the tribunals in Spain; and that, +finally, he had retired to this castle, where he lived upon +his revenue and that of others, entertaining therein all +knights-errant of every quality and degree solely for +the great affection he bore them, and that they might +share their fortune with him in return for his good +will. He further told him that in his castle there was +no chapel wherein he could watch his armor, for it had +been pulled down in order to be rebuilt; but that, in +cases of necessity, he knew it might be done wherever +he pleased. Therefore, he might watch it that night +in a court of the castle, and the following morning, if +it pleased God, the requisite ceremonies should be performed, +and he should be dubbed so effectually that +the world would not be able to produce a more perfect +knight. He then inquired if he had any money about +him. Don Quixote told him he had none, having never +read in their histories that knights-errant provided +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">12</a></span> +themselves with money. The innkeeper assured him +he was mistaken; for, admitting that it was not mentioned +in their history, the authors deeming it unnecessary +to specify things so obviously requisite as money +and clean shirts, yet was it not therefore to be inferred +that they had none; but, on the contrary, he might +consider it as an established fact that all knights-errant, +of whose histories so many volumes are filled, +carried their purses well provided against accidents; +that they were also supplied with shirts, and a small +casket of ointments to heal the wounds they might +receive, for in plains and deserts, where they fought +and were wounded, no aid was near unless they had +some sage enchanter for their friend, who could give them +immediate assistance by conveying in cloud through +the air some damsel or dwarf, with a phial of water +possessed of such virtue that, upon tasting a single +drop of it, they should instantly become as sound as +if they had received no injury. But when the knights +of former times were without such a friend, they always +took care that their esquires should be provided with +money and such necessary articles as lint and salves; +and when they had no esquires—which very rarely +happened—they carried these things themselves upon +the crupper of their horse, in wallets so small as to be +scarcely visible, that they might seem to be something +of more importance; for, except in such cases, the +custom of carrying wallets was not tolerated among +knights-errant. He therefore advised, though, as his +godson (which he was soon to be), he might command +him, never henceforth to travel without money and the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">13</a></span> +aforesaid provisions, and he would find them serviceable +when he least expected it. Don Quixote promised +to follow his advice with punctuality: and an order was +now given for performing the watch of the armor in a +large yard adjoining the inn. Don Quixote, having +collected it together placed it on a cistern which was +close to a well; then, bracing on his target and grasping +his lance, with graceful demeanor he paced to and +fro before the pile, beginning his parade as soon as it +was dark.</p> + +<p>The innkeeper informed all who were in the inn of +the frenzy of his guest, the watching of his armor, and +of the intended knighting.</p> + +<p>The host repeated to him that there was no chapel in +the castle, nor was it by any means necessary for what +remained to be done; that the stroke of knighting consisted +in blows on the neck and shoulders, according to +the ceremonial of the order, which might be effectually +performed in the middle of the field; that the duty of +watching his armor he had now completely fulfilled, +for he had watched more than four hours, though only +two were required. All this Don Quixote believed, +and said that he was there ready to obey him, requesting +him, at the same time, to perform the deed as soon +as possible; because, should he be assaulted again +when he found himself knighted, he was resolved not +to leave one person alive in the castle, excepting those +whom, out of respect to him, and at his particular request, +he might be induced to spare. The constable, +thus warned and alarmed, immediately brought forth +a book in which he kept his account of the straw and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">14</a></span> +oats he furnished to the carriers, and attended by a boy, +who carried an end of candle, and the two damsels +before mentioned, went towards Don Quixote, whom +he commanded to kneel down; he then began reading +in his manual, as if it were some devout prayer, +in the course of which he raised his hand and gave +him a good blow on the neck, and, after that, a handsome +stroke over the shoulders, with his own sword, +still muttering between his teeth, as if in prayer. +This being done, he commanded one of the ladies to +gird on his sword, an office she performed with much +alacrity, as well as discretion, no small portion of +which was necessary to avoid bursting with laughter at +every part of the ceremony; but indeed the prowess +they had seen displayed by the new knight kept their +mirth within bounds.</p> + +<p>At girding on the sword, the good lady said: +"God grant you may be a fortunate knight and successful +in battle."</p> + +<p>Don Quixote inquired her name, that he might +thenceforward know to whom he was indebted for the +favor received, as it was his intention to bestow upon +her some share of the honor he should acquire by the +valor of his arm. She replied, with much humility, +that her name was Tolosa, and that she was the daughter +of a cobbler at Toledo, who lived at the stalls of +Sanchobienaya; and that, wherever she was, she would +serve and honor him as her lord. Don Quixote, in +reply, requested her, for his sake, to do him the favor +henceforth to add to her name the title of don, and +call herself Donna Tolosa, which she promised to do. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">15</a></span> +The other girl now buckled on his spur, and with her +he held nearly the same conference as with the lady of +the sword; having inquired her name, she told him it +was Molinera, and that she was daughter to an honest +miller of Antiquera: he then requested her likewise to +assume the don, and style herself Donna Molinera, +renewing his proffers of service and thanks.</p> + +<p>These never-till-then-seen ceremonies being thus +speedily performed, Don Quixote was impatient to find +himself on horseback, in quest of adventures. He +therefore instantly saddled Rozinante, mounted him, +and, embracing his host, made his acknowledgments +for the favor he had conferred by knighting him, in +terms so extraordinary, that it would be in vain to attempt +to repeat them. The host, in order to get rid of +him the sooner, replied, with no less flourish, but more +brevity; and, without making any demand for his lodging, +wished him a good journey.</p> + +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The tongue slow and the eyes quick.</p> +<hr class="two" /> + +<p>Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.</p> +<hr class="two" /> + +<p>The brave man carves out his own fortune.</p> +<hr class="two" /> + +<p>Very full of pain, yet soon as he was able to stir, he +began to roll himself on the ground, and to repeat, in +what they affirm was said by the wounded knight of +the wood:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i_04">"Where art thou, mistress of my heart,</span> +<span class="i2">Unconscious of thy lover's smart?</span> +<span class="i0">Ah me! thou know'st not my distress,</span> +<span class="i2">Or thou art false and pitiless."</span> +</div></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">16</a></span> +"I know who I am," answered Don Quixote; "and +I know, too, that I am not only capable of being those +I have mentioned, but all the twelve peers of France, +yea, and the nine worthies, since my exploits will far +exceed all that they have jointly or separately +achieved."</p> + +<hr class="hr" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">destruction of don quixote's library.</span></div> + +<p>Long and heavy was the sleep of Don Quixote: +meanwhile the priest having asked the niece for the +key of the chamber containing the books, those authors +of the mischief, which she delivered with a very +good will, they entered, attended by the housekeeper, +and found above a hundred large volumes well bound, +besides a great number of smaller size. No sooner +did the housekeeper see them than she ran out of the +room in great haste, and immediately returned with a +pot of holy water and a bunch of hyssop, saying: +"Signor Licentiate, take this and sprinkle the room, +lest some enchanter of the many that these books +abound with should enchant us, as a punishment for +our intention to banish them out of the world."</p> + +<p>The priest smiled at the housekeeper's simplicity, +and ordered the barber to reach him the books one by +one, that they might see what they treated of, as they +might perhaps find some that deserved not to be chastised +by fire.</p> + +<p>"No," said the niece, "there is no reason why any +of them should be spared, for they have all been mischief-makers: +so let them all be thrown out of the window +into the courtyard; and having made a pile of +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">17</a></span> +them, set fire to it; or else make a bonfire of them in +the back yard, where the smoke will offend nobody."</p> + +<p>The housekeeper said the same, so eagerly did they +both thirst for the death of those innocents. But the +priest would not consent to it without first reading the +titles at least.</p> + +<p>The first that Master Nicholas put into his hands was +"Amadis de Gaul," in four parts; and the priest +said: "There seems to be some mystery in this, for I +have heard say that this was the first book of chivalry +printed in Spain, and that all the rest had their foundation +and rise from it; I think, therefore, as head of +so pernicious a sect, we ought to condemn him to the +fire without mercy."</p> + +<p>"Not so," said the barber; "for I have heard also +that it is the best of all the books of this kind: therefore, +as being unequalled in its way, it ought to be spared."</p> + +<p>"You are right," said the priest, "and for that reason +its life is granted for the present. Let us see that +other next to him."</p> + +<p>"It is," said the barber, "the 'Adventures of Esplandian,' +the legitimate son of 'Amadis de Gaul.'"</p> + +<p>"Verily," said the priest, "the goodness of the +father shall avail the son nothing; take him, Mistress +Housekeeper; open that casement, and throw him into +the yard, and let him make a beginning to the pile for +the intended bonfire."</p> + +<p>The housekeeper did so with much satisfaction, and +good Esplandian was sent flying into the yard, there +to wait with patience for the fire with which he was +threatened.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">18</a></span> +"Proceed," said the priest.</p> + +<p>"The next," said the barber, "is 'Amadis of +Greece;' yea, and all these on this side, I believe, are +of the lineage of Amadis."</p> + +<p>"Then into the yard with them all!" quoth the +priest; "for rather than not burn Queen Pintiquiniestra, +and the shepherd Darinel with his eclogues, and +the devilish perplexities of the author, I would burn +the father who begot me, were I to meet him in the +shape of a knight-errant."</p> + +<p>"Of the same opinion am I," said the barber.</p> + +<p>"And I too," added the niece.</p> + +<p>"Well, then," said the housekeeper, "away with +them all into the yard." They handed them to her; +and, as they were numerous, to save herself the trouble +of the stairs, she threw them all out of the window.</p> + +<p>"What tun of an author is that?" said the priest.</p> + +<p>"This," answered the barber, "is 'Don Olivante de +Laura.'"</p> + +<p>"The author of that book," said the priest, "was +the same who composed the 'Garden of Flowers;' and +in good truth I know not which of the two books +is the truest, or rather, the least lying: I can only +say that this goes to the yard for its arrogance and +absurdity."</p> + +<p>"This that follows is 'Florismarte of Hyrcania,'" +said the barber.</p> + +<p>"What! is Signor Florismarte there?" replied the +priest; "now, by my faith, he shall soon make his appearance +in the yard, notwithstanding his strange +birth and chimerical adventures; for the harshness +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">19</a></span> +and dryness of his style will admit of no excuse. To +the yard with him, and this other, Mistress Housekeeper.</p> + +<p>"With all my heart, dear sir," answered she, and +with much joy executed what she was commanded.</p> + +<p>"Here is the 'Knight Platir,'" said the barber.</p> + +<p>"That," said the priest, "is an ancient book, and I +find nothing in him deserving pardon: without more +words, let him be sent after the rest;" which was +accordingly done. They opened another book, and +found it entitled the "Knight of the Cross." "So +religious a title," quoth the priest, "might, one would +think, atone for the ignorance of the author; but it is a +common saying 'the devil lurks behind the cross:' so +to the fire with him."</p> + +<p>The barber, taking down another book, said, "This +is 'The Mirror of Chivalry.'"</p> + +<p>"Oh! I know his worship very well," quoth the +priest. "I am only for condemning this to perpetual +banishment because it contains some things of the +famous Mateo Boyardo.</p> + +<p>"If I find him here uttering any other language than +his own, I will show no respect; but if he speaks in his +own tongue, I will put him upon my head."</p> + +<p>"I have him in Italian," said the barber, "but I do +not understand him."</p> + +<p>"Neither is it any great matter, whether you understand +him or not," answered the priest; "and we would +willingly have excused the good captain from bringing +him into Spain and making him a Castilian; for he has +deprived him of a great deal of his native value; which, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">20</a></span> +indeed, is the misfortune of all those who undertake +the translation of poetry into other languages; for, with +all their care and skill, they can never bring them on a +level with the original production. This book, neighbor, +is estimable upon two accounts; the one, that it is +very good of itself; and the other, because there is a tradition +that it was written by an ingenious king of Portugal. +All the adventures of the castle of Miraguarda +are excellent, and contrived with much art; the dialogue +courtly and clear; and all the characters preserved +with great judgment and propriety. Therefore, Master +Nicholas, saving your better judgment, let this and 'Amadis +de Gaul' be exempted from the fire, and let all the +rest perish without any further inquiry."</p> + +<p>"Not so, friend," replied the barber; "for this which +I have here is the renowned 'Don Bellianis.'"</p> + +<p>The priest replied: "This, and the second, third, and +fourth parts, want a little rhubarb to purge away their +excess of bile; besides, we must remove all that relates +to the castle of Fame, and other absurdities of greater +consequence; for which let sentence of transportation +be passed upon them, and, according as they show signs +of amendment, they shall be treated with mercy or justice. +In the mean time, neighbor, give them room in +your house; but let them not be read."</p> + +<p>"With all my heart," quoth the barber; and without +tiring himself any farther in turning over books of chivalry, +bid the housekeeper take all the great ones and +throw them into the yard. This was not spoken to the +stupid or deaf, but to one who had a greater mind to be +burning them than weaving the finest and largest web; +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">21</a></span> +and therefore, laying hold of seven or eight at once, she +tossed them out at the window.</p> + +<p>But, in taking so many together, one fell at the barber's +feet, who had a mind to see what it was, and found +it to be the history of the renowned knight Tirante the +White. "Heaven save me!" quoth the priest, with a +loud voice, "is Tirante the White there? Give him to +me, neighbor; for in him I shall have a treasure of delight, +and a mine of entertainment. Here we have Don +Kyrie-Eleison of Montalvan, a valorous knight, and his +brother Thomas of Montalvan, with the knight Fonseca, +and the combat which the valiant Tirante fought +with the bull-dog, and the witticisms of the damsel +Plazerdemivida; also the amours and artifices of the +widow Reposada; and madam the Empress in love with +her squire Hypolito. Verily, neighbor, in its way it is +the best book in the world: here the knights eat and +sleep, and die in their beds, and make their wills before +their deaths; with several things which are not to be +found in any other books of this kind. Notwithstanding +this I tell you, the author deserved, for writing so +many foolish things seriously, to be sent to the galleys +for the whole of his life: carry it home, and read it, and +you will find all I say of him to be true."</p> + +<p>"I will do so," answered the barber: "but what +shall we do with these small volumes that remain?"</p> + +<p>"Those," said the priest, "are, probably, not books of +chivalry, but of poetry." Then opening one he found +it was the 'Diana' of George de Montemayor, and, concluding +that all the others were of the same kind, he +said, "These do not deserve to be burnt like the rest; +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">22</a></span> +for they cannot do the mischief that those of chivalry +have done; they are works of genius and fancy, and do +injury to none."</p> + +<p>"O sir," said the niece, "pray order them to be +burnt with the rest; for should my uncle be cured of +this distemper of chivalry, he may possibly, by reading +such books, take it into his head to turn shepherd, and +wander through the woods and fields, singing and playing +on a pipe; and what would be still worse, turn poet, +which, they say, is an incurable and contagious disease."</p> + +<p>"The damsel says true," quoth the priest, "and it +will not be amiss to remove this stumbling-block out of +our friend's way. And, since we begin with the 'Diana' +of Montemayor, my opinion is that it should not be +burnt, but that all that part should be expunged which +treats of the sage Felicia, and of the enchanted fountain, +and also most of the longer poems; leaving him, +in God's name, the prose and also the honor of being +the first in that kind of writing."</p> + +<p>"The next that appears," said the barber, "is the +Diana, called the second, by Salmantino; and another, +of the same name, whose author is Gil Polo."</p> + +<p>"The Salmantinian," answered the priest, "may accompany +and increase the number of the condemned—to +the yard with him: but let that of Gil Polo be preserved, +as if it were written by Apollo himself. Proceed, +friend, and let us despatch; for it grows late."</p> + +<p>"This," said the barber, opening another, "is the +'Ten Books of the Fortune of Love,' composed by Antonio +de lo Frasso, a Sardinian poet."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">23</a></span> +"By the holy orders I have received!" said the +priest, "since Apollo was Apollo, the muses muses, and +the poets poets, so humorous and so whimsical a book +as this was never written; it is the best, and most extraordinary +of the kind that ever appeared in the world; +and he who has not read it may be assured that he has +never read anything of taste: give it me here, neighbor, +for I am better pleased at finding it than if I had been +presented with a cassock of Florence satin." He laid +it aside, with great satisfaction, and the barber proceeded, +saying:—</p> + +<p>"These which follow are the 'Shepherd of Iberia,' the +'Nymphs of Enares,' and the 'Cure of Jealousy.'"</p> + +<p>"Then you have only to deliver them up to the secular +arm of the housekeeper," said the priest, "and ask +me not why, for in that case we should never have +done."</p> + +<p>"The next is the 'Shepherd of Filida.'"</p> + +<p>"He is no shepherd," said the priest, "but an ingenious +courtier; let him be preserved, and laid up as a +precious jewel."</p> + +<p>"This bulky volume here," said the barber, "is entitled +the 'Treasure of Divers Poems.'"</p> + +<p>"Had they been fewer," replied the priest, "they +would have been more esteemed: it is necessary that +this book should be weeded and cleared of some low +things interspersed amongst its sublimities: let it be +preserved, both because the author is my friend, and +out of respect to other more heroic and exalted productions +of his pen."</p> + +<p>"This," pursued the barber, "is 'El Cancionero' of +Lopez Maldonado."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">24</a></span> +"The author of that book," replied the priest, "is +also a great friend of mine: his verses, when sung by +himself, excite much admiration; indeed such is the +sweetness of his voice in singing them, that they are +perfectly enchanting. He is a little too prolix in his +eclogues; but there can never be too much of what is +really good: let it be preserved with the select. But +what book is that next to it?"</p> + +<p>"The 'Galatea' of Miguel de Cervantes," said the +barber.</p> + +<p>"That Cervantes has been an intimate friend of +mine these many years, and I know that he is more +versed in misfortunes than in poetry. There is a good +vein of invention in his book, which proposes something, +though nothing is concluded. We must wait for +the second part, which he has promised: perhaps, on +his amendment, he may obtain that entire pardon +which is now denied him; in the mean time, neighbor, +keep him a recluse in your chamber."</p> + +<p>"With all my heart," answered the barber. "Now, +here come three together: the 'Araucana' of Don +Alonzo de Ercilla, the 'Austriada' of Juan Rufo, a +magistrate of Cordova, and the 'Monserrato' of Christoval +de Virves, a poet of Valencia."</p> + +<p>"These three books," said the priest, "are the best +that are written in heroic verse in the Castilian tongue, +and may stand in competition with the most renowned +works of Italy. Let them be preserved as the best productions +of the Spanish Muse."</p> + +<p>The priest grew tired of looking over so many books, +and therefore, without examination, proposed that all +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">25</a></span> +the rest should be burnt; but the barber, having already +opened one called the "Tears of Angelica," "I should +have shed tears myself," said the priest, on hearing the +name, "had I ordered that book to be burnt; for its +author was one of the most celebrated poets, not only +of Spain, but of the whole world: his translations from +Ovid are admirable."</p> + +<p>The same night the housekeeper set fire to and burnt +all the books that were in the yard and in the house. +Some must have perished that deserved to be treasured +up in perpetual archives, but their destiny or the indolence +of the scrutineer forbade it; and in them was +fulfilled the saying, that—</p> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 2em;">"The just sometimes suffer for the unjust."</span></p> + +<p>In the mean time Don Quixote tampered with a +laborer, a neighbor of his, and an honest man (if such +an epithet can be given to one that is poor), but shallow +brained; in short, he said so much, used so many +arguments, and made so many promises, that the poor +fellow resolved to sally out with him and serve him in +the capacity of a squire. Among other things, Don +Quixote told him that he ought to be very glad to +accompany him, for such an adventure might some +time or the other occur, that by one stroke an island +might be won, where he might leave him governor. +With this and other promises, Sancho Panza (for that +was the laborer's name) left his wife and children and +engaged himself as squire to his neighbor.</p> + +<p>Sancho Panza proceeded upon his ass, like a patriarch, +with his wallet and leathern bottle, and with a +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">26</a></span> +vehement desire to find himself governor of the island, +which his master had promised him. Don Quixote +happened to take the same route as on his first expedition, +over the plain of Montiel, which he passed with +less inconvenience than before, for it was early in the +morning, and the rays of the sun, darting on them horizontally, +did not annoy them. Sancho Panza now said +to his master: "I beseech your worship, good sir +knight-errant, not to forget your promise concerning +that same island; for I shall know how to govern it, +be it ever so large."</p> + +<p>To which Don Quixote answered: "Thou must +know, friend Sancho Panza, that it was a custom +much in use among the knights-errant of old to make +their squires governors of the islands or kingdoms they +conquered, and I am determined that so laudable a +custom, shall not be lost through my neglect; on the +contrary, I resolve to outdo them in it: for they sometimes, +and perhaps most times, waited till their squires +were grown old; and when they were worn out in their +service, and had endured many bad days and worse +nights, they conferred on them some title, such as +count, or at least marquis, of some valley or province +of more or less account; but if you live, and I live, +before six days have passed I may probably win such +a kingdom as may have others depending on it, just fit +for thee to be crowned king of one of them. And do +not think this any extraordinary matter, for things fall +out to knights by such unforeseen and unexpected ways, +that I may easily give thee more than I promise."</p> + +<p>"So then," answered Sancho Panza, "if I were a +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">27</a></span> +king by some of those miracles your worship mentions, +Joan Gutierrez, my duck, would come to be a queen, +and my children infantas!"</p> + +<p>"Who doubts it?" answered Don Quixote.</p> + +<p>"I doubt it," replied Sancho Panza, "for I am verily +persuaded that, if God were to rain down kingdoms +upon the earth, none of them would sit well upon the +head of Mary Gutierrez; for you must know, sir, she +is not worth two farthings for a queen. The title of +countess would sit better upon her, with the help of +Heaven and good friends."</p> + +<p>"Recommend her to God, Sancho," answered Don +Quixote, "and he will do what is best for her, but do +thou have a care not to debase thy mind so low as to +content thyself with being less than a viceroy."</p> + +<p>"Heaven grant us good success, and that we may +speedily get this island which costs me so dear. No +matter then how soon I die."</p> + +<p>"I have already told thee, Sancho, to give thyself +no concern upon that account; for, if an island cannot be +had, there is the kingdom of Denmark or that of Sobradisa, +which will fit thee like a ring to the finger. Besides, +as they are upon <i>terra firma</i>, thou shouldst prefer them. +But let us leave this to its own time, and see if thou +hast anything for us to eat in thy wallet. We will then +go in quest of some castle, where we may lodge this +night and make the balsam that I told thee of, for I +declare that my ear pains me exceedingly."</p> + +<p>"I have here an onion and a piece of cheese, and I +know not how many crusts of bread," said Sancho, +"but they are not eatables fit for so valiant a knight +as your worship."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">28</a></span> +"How little dost thou understand of this matter!" +answered Don Quixote. "I tell thee, Sancho, that it +is honorable in knights-errant not to eat once in a +month; and, if they do taste food, it must be what +first offers: and this thou wouldst have known hadst +thou read as many histories as I have done; for, though +I have perused many, I never yet found in them any +account of knights-errant taking food, unless it were +by chance and at certain sumptuous banquets prepared +expressly for them. The rest of their days they lived, +as it were, upon smelling. And though it is to be presumed +they could not subsist without eating and satisfying +all other wants,—as, in fact, they were men,—yet, +since they passed most part of their lives in wandering +through forests and deserts, and without a cook, +their usual diet must have consisted of rustic viands, +such as those which thou hast now offered me. Therefore, +friend Sancho, let not that trouble thee which +gives me pleasure, nor endeavor to make a new world, +or to throw knight-errantry off its hinges."</p> + +<p>"Pardon me, sir," said Sancho; "for, as I can neither +read nor write, as I told you before, I am entirely unacquainted +with the rules of the knightly profession; +but henceforward I will furnish my wallet with all sorts +of dried fruits for your worship, who are a knight; and +for myself, who am none, I will supply it with poultry +and other things of more substance."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There cannot be too much of a good thing.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>What is lost to-day may be won to-morrow.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">29</a></span> +A saint may sometimes suffer for a sinner.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Many go out for wool and return shorn.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Matters of war are most subject to continual change.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Every man that is aggrieved is allowed to defend +himself by all laws human and divine.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Truth is the mother of history, the rival of time, the +depository of great actions, witness of the past, example +and adviser of the present, and oracle of future +ages.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Love, like knight-errantry, puts all things on a +level.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He that humbleth himself God will exalt.<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">3</a></p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>After Don Quixote had satisfied his hunger, he took +up a handful of acorns, and, looking on them attentively, +gave utterance to expressions like these:—</p> + +<p>"Happy times and happy ages were those which the +ancients termed the Golden Age! Not because gold, +so prized in this our Iron age, was to be obtained, in +that fortunate period, without toil; but because they +who then lived were ignorant of those two words, Mine +and Thine. In that blessed age all things were in common; +to provide their ordinary sustenance no other +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">30</a></span> +labor was necessary than to raise their hands and take +it from the sturdy oaks, which stood liberally inviting +them to taste their sweet and relishing fruit. The +limpid fountains and running streams offered them, +in magnificent abundance, their delicious and transparent +waters. In the clefts of rocks, and in hollow trees, +the industrious and provident bees formed their commonwealths, +offering to every hand, without interest, the +fertile produce of their most delicious toil. The stately +cork-trees, impelled by their own courtesy alone, divested +themselves of their light and expanded bark, with which +men began to cover their houses, supported by rough +poles, only as a defence against the inclemency of the +heavens. All then was peace, all amity, all concord. +The heavy colter of the crooked plough had not yet +dared to force open and search into the tender bowels +of our first mother, who, unconstrained, offered from +every part of her fertile and spacious bosom whatever +might feed, sustain, and delight those, her children, +by whom she was then possessed."</p> + +<hr class="hr" /> + +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">antonio.</span></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Yes, lovely nymph, thou art my prize;</span> +<span class="i1">I boast the conquest of thy heart,</span> +<span class="i0">Though nor the tongue, nor speaking eyes,</span> +<span class="i1">Have yet revealed the latent smart.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Thy wit and sense assure my fate,</span> +<span class="i1">In them my love's success I see;</span> +<span class="i0">Nor can he be unfortunate</span> +<span class="i1">Who dares avow his flame for thee.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">31</a></span> +<span class="i0">Yet sometimes hast thou frowned, alas!</span> +<span class="i1">And given my hopes a cruel shock;</span> +<span class="i0">Then did thy soul seem formed of brass,</span> +<span class="i1">Thy snowy bosom of the rock.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">But in the midst of thy disdain,</span> +<span class="i1">Thy sharp reproaches, cold delays,</span> +<span class="i0">Hope from behind to ease my pain,</span> +<span class="i1">The border of her robe displays.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Ah, lovely maid! in equal scale</span> +<span class="i1">Weigh well thy shepherd's truth and love,</span> +<span class="i0">Which ne'er but with his breath can fail,</span> +<span class="i1">Which neither frowns nor smiles can move.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">If love, as shepherds wont to say,</span> +<span class="i1">Be gentleness and courtesy,</span> +<span class="i0">So courteous is Olalia,</span> +<span class="i1">My passion will rewarded be.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">And if obsequious duty paid,</span> +<span class="i1">The grateful heart can never move,</span> +<span class="i0">Mine sure, my fair, may well persuade</span> +<span class="i1">A due return and claim thy love.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">For, to seem pleasing in thy sight,</span> +<span class="i1">I dress myself with studious care,</span> +<span class="i0">And, in my best apparel dight,</span> +<span class="i1">My Sunday clothes on Monday wear.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">And shepherds say I'm not to blame,</span> +<span class="i1">For cleanly dress and spruce attire</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">32</a></span> +<span class="i0">Preserve alive love's wanton flame</span> +<span class="i1">And gently fan the dying fire.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">To please my fair, in mazy ring</span> +<span class="i1">I join the dance, and sportive play;</span> +<span class="i0">And oft beneath thy window sing,</span> +<span class="i1">When first the cock proclaims the day.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">With rapture on each charm I dwell,</span> +<span class="i1">And daily spread thy beauty's fame;</span> +<span class="i0">And still my tongue thy praise shall tell,</span> +<span class="i1">Though envy swell, or malice blame.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Teresa of the Berrocal,</span> +<span class="i1">When once I praised you, said in spite,</span> +<span class="i0">Your mistress you an angel call,</span> +<span class="i1">But a mere ape is your delight.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Thanks to the bugle's artful glare,</span> +<span class="i1">And all the graces counterfeit;</span> +<span class="i0">Thanks to the false and curléd hair,</span> +<span class="i1">Which wary Love himself might cheat.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">I swore 'twas false, and said she lied;</span> +<span class="i1">At that her anger fiercely rose;</span> +<span class="i0">I boxed the clown that took her side,</span> +<span class="i1">And how I boxed my fairest knows.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">I court thee not, Olalia,</span> +<span class="i1">To gratify a loose desire;</span> +<span class="i0">My love is chaste, without alloy</span> +<span class="i1">Of wanton wish or lustful fire.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">33</a></span> +<span class="i0">The church hath silken cords, that tie</span> +<span class="i1">Consenting hearts in mutual bands:</span> +<span class="i0">If thou, my fair, its yoke will try,</span> +<span class="i1">Thy swain its ready captive stands.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">If not, by all the saints I swear</span> +<span class="i1">On these bleak mountains still to dwell,</span> +<span class="i0">Nor ever quit my toilsome care,</span> +<span class="i1">But for the cloister and the cell.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>I think I see her now, with that goodly presence, +looking as if she had the sun on one side of her and the +moon on the other; and above all, she was a notable +housewife, and a friend to the poor; for which I believe +her soul is at this very moment in heaven.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A clergyman must be over and above good, who makes all his +parishioners speak well of him.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Parents ought not to settle their children against their +will.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Though she does not fly or shun the company and +conversation of the shepherds, but treats them in a +courteous and friendly manner, yet, when any one of +them ventures to discover his intention, though it be as +just and holy as that of marriage, she casts him from +her as out of a stone-bow. And by this sort of behavior +she does more mischief in this country than if she +carried the plague about with her; for her affability and +beauty win the hearts of those who converse with her, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">34</a></span> +and incline them to serve and love her; but her disdain +and frank dealing drive them to despair; and so they +know not what to say to her, and can only exclaim +against her, calling her cruel and ungrateful, with such +other titles as plainly denote her character; and, were +you to abide here, sir, awhile, you would hear these +mountains and valleys resound with the complaints of +those rejected wretches that yet follow her. There is +a place not far hence, where about two dozen of tall +beeches grow, and not one of them is without the name +of Marcela written and engraved on its smooth bark; +over some of them is carved a crown, as if the lover +would more clearly observe that Marcela deserves and +wears the crown of all human beauty.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Revels, banquets, and repose, were invented for +effeminate courtiers; but toil, disquietude, and arms +alone were designed for those whom the world calls +knights-errant.</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">For never sure was any knight</span> +<span class="i1">So served by damsel, or by dame,</span> +<span class="i0">As Lancelot, that man of might,</span> +<span class="i1">When he at first from Britain came.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The soldier who executes his captain's command is no less +valuable than the captain who gave the order.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"I am of the same opinion," replied the traveller; +"but one thing, among many others which appear to +me to be censurable in knights-errant, is that, when +they are prepared to engage in some great and perilous +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">35</a></span> +adventure to the manifest hazard of their lives, at the +moment of attack they never think of commending +themselves to God, as every Christian is bound to do at +such a crisis, but rather commend themselves to their +mistresses, and that with as much fervor and devotion +as if they were really their God; a thing which to me +savors of paganism."</p> + +<p>"Signor," answered Don Quixote, "this can by no +means be otherwise; and the knight-errant who should +act in any other manner would digress much from his +duty; for it is a received maxim and custom in chivalry, +that the knight-errant, who, on the point of engaging +in some great feat of arms, has his lady before him, +must turn his eyes fondly and amorously towards her, +as if imploring her favor and protection in the hazardous +enterprise that awaits him; and, even if nobody +hear him, he must pronounce some words between his +teeth, by which he commends himself to her with his +whole heart; and of this we have innumerable examples +in history. Nor is it thence to be inferred that they +neglect commending themselves to God; for there is +time and opportunity enough to do it in the course of +the action."</p> + +<p>"Notwithstanding all that," replied the traveller, +"better had it been if the words he spent in commending +himself to his lady, in the midst of the career, had +been employed as the duties of a Christian require; +particularly as I imagine that all knights-errant have +not ladies to commend themselves to, because they are +not all in love."</p> + +<p>"That cannot be," answered Don Quixote: "I say +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">36</a></span> +there cannot be a knight-errant without a mistress; for +it is as essential and as natural for them to be enamored +as for the sky to have stars; and most certainly, no +history exists in which a knight-errant is to be found +without an amour; for, from the very circumstance of +his being without, he would not be acknowledged as a +legitimate knight, but a bastard who had entered the +fortress of chivalry, not by the gate, but over the pales, +like a thief and robber."</p> + +<p>"Nevertheless," said the traveller, "if I am not +mistaken, I remember having read that Don Galaor, +brother to the valorous Amadis de Gaul, never had a +particular mistress, to whom he might commend himself; +notwithstanding which, he was no less esteemed, +and was a very valiant and famous knight."</p> + +<p>To which our Don Quixote answered: "Signor, one +swallow does not make a summer." <a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">4</a></p> + +<p>"If it is essential that every knight-errant be a +lover," said the traveller, "it may well be presumed +that you are yourself one, being of the profession; and, +if you do not pique yourself upon the same secrecy as +Don Galaor, I earnestly entreat you, in the name of all +this good company and in my own, to tell us the name, +country, quality, and beauty of your mistress, who cannot +but account herself happy that all the world should +know that she is loved and served by so worthy a +knight."</p> + +<p>Here Don Quixote breathed a deep sigh, and said: +"I cannot positively affirm whether that sweet enemy +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">37</a></span> +of mine is pleased or not that the world should know +I am her servant. I can only say, in answer to what +you so very courteously inquire of me, that her name +is Dulcinea; her country Toboso, a town of la Mancha: +her quality at least that of a princess, since she is my +queen and sovereign lady; her beauty more than human, +since in her all the impossible and chimerical attributes +of beauty which the poets ascribe to their mistresses +are realized; for her hair is gold, her forehead the Elysian +Fields, her eyebrows rainbows, her eyes suns, her +cheeks roses, her lips coral, her teeth pearls, her neck, +alabaster, her bosom marble, her hands ivory, her whiteness +snow, and her whole person without parallel. She +is of those of Toboso de la Mancha; a lineage which, +though modern, is yet such as may give a noble beginning +to the most illustrious families of future ages; and +in this let no one contradict me, unless it be on the conditions +that Zerbino fixed under the arms of Orlando, +where it said:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">'That knight alone these arms shall move,</span> +<span class="i0">Who dares Orlando's prowess prove.'"</span> +</div> +</div> +<hr class="hr" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the story of chrysostom.</span></div> + +<p>"Comrades," said he, "do you know what is passing +in the village?"</p> + +<p>"How should we know?" answered one of them.</p> + +<p>"Know, then," continued the youth, "that the famous +shepherd and scholar, Chrysostom, died this morning; +and it is rumored that it was for love of that saucy +girl Marcela, daughter of William the rich; she who +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">38</a></span> +rambles about these woods and fields in the dress of a +shepherdess."</p> + +<p>"For Marcela, say you?" quoth one.</p> + +<p>"For her, I say," answered the goatherd; "and the +best of it is, he has ordered in his will that they should +bury him in the fields, like a Moor, at the foot of the +rock, by the cork-tree fountain, which, according to report, +and as they say, he himself declared was the very +place where he first saw her. He ordered also other +tilings so extravagant that the clergy say they must not +be performed; nor is it fit that they should, for they +seem to be heathenish. But his great friend Ambrosio, +the student, who accompanied him, dressed also like a +shepherd, declares that the whole of what Chrysostom +enjoined shall be executed: and upon this the village is +all in an uproar: but by what I can learn, they will at +last do what Ambrosio and all his friends require; and +to-morrow they come to inter him, with great solemnity, +in the place I mentioned; and, in my opinion, it will be +a sight well worth seeing; at least, I shall not fail to +go, although I were certain of not returning to-morrow +to the village."</p> + +<p>"We will do the same," answered the goatherds; +"and let us cast lots who shall stay behind to look after +the goats."</p> + +<p>"You say well, Pedro," quoth another; "but it will +be needless to make use of this expedient, for I will remain +for you all: and do not attribute this to self-denial +or want of curiosity in me, but to the thorn which stuck +into my foot the other day, and hinders me from +walking."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">39</a></span> +"We thank you, nevertheless," answered Pedro.</p> + +<p>Don Quixote requested Pedro to give him some account +of the deceased man and the shepherdess. To +which Pedro answered, "that all he knew was, that the +deceased was a wealthy gentleman, and inhabitant of a +village situate among these mountains, who had studied +many years at Salamanca; at the end of which time he +returned home, with the character of a very learned and +well read person; particularly, it was said, he understood +the science of the stars, and what the sun and +moon are doing in the sky; for he told us punctually the +clipse of the sun and moon."</p> + +<p>"Friend," quoth Don Quixote, "the obscuration of +those two luminaries is called an <i>eclipse</i>, and not a +<i>clipse</i>."</p> + +<p>But Pedro, not regarding niceties, went on with his +story, saying, "He also foretold when the year would +be plentiful or starel."</p> + +<p>"<i>Sterile</i>, you would say, friend," quoth Don Quixote.</p> + +<p>"<i>Sterile</i>, or <i>starel</i>," answered Pedro, "comes all to +the same thing. And, as I was saying, his father and +friends, who gave credit to his words, became very rich +thereby; for they followed his advice in everything. +This year he would say, 'Sow barley, and not wheat; +in this you may sow vetches, and not barley; the next +year there will be plenty of oil; the three following +there will not be a drop.'"</p> + +<p>"This science they call astrology," said Don Quixote.</p> + +<p>"I know not how it is called," replied Pedro, "but I +know that he knew all this, and more too. In short, +not many months after he came from Salamanca, on a +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">40</a></span> +certain day he appeared dressed like a shepherd, with +his crook and sheepskin jacket, having thrown aside his +scholar's gown; and with an intimate friend of his, +called Ambrosio, who had been his fellow-student, and +who now put on likewise the apparel of a shepherd. I +forgot to tell you how the deceased Chrysostom was a +great man at making verses; insomuch that he made +the carols for Christmas-eve and the religious plays for +Corpus Christi, which the boys of the village represented; +and everybody said they were most excellent. +When the people of the village saw the two scholars so +suddenly habited like shepherds, they were amazed, and +could not get at the cause that induced them to make +that strange alteration in their dress. About this time +the father of Chrysostom died, and he inherited a large +estate, in lands and goods, flocks, herds, and money, of +all which the youth remained absolute master; and, indeed, +he deserved it all, for he was a very good companion, +a charitable man, and a friend to those that were +good, and had a face like any blessing. Afterwards it +came to be known that he changed his habit for no other +purpose but that he might wander about these desert +places after that shepherdess Marcela, with whom, as +our lad told you, he was in love.</p> + +<p>"As all that I have related is certain truth, I can more +readily believe what our companion told us concerning +the cause of Chrysostom's death; and therefore I advise +you, sir, not to fail being to-morrow at his funeral, +which will be very well worth seeing; for Chrysostom +had a great many friends, and it is not half a league +hence to the place of interment appointed by himself."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">41</a></span> +"I will certainly be there," said Don Quixote, "and +I thank you for the pleasure you have given me by the +recital of so entertaining a story."</p> + +<p>Morning scarcely had dawned through the balconies +of the east, when five of the six goatherds got up and +went to awake Don Quixote, whom they asked whether +he continued in his resolution of going to see the famous +interment of Chrysostom, for, if so, they would bear +him company. Don Quixote, who desired nothing +more, arose, and ordered Sancho to saddle and pannel +immediately, which he did with great expedition; and +with the same dispatch they all set out on their journey.</p> + +<p>They had not gone a quarter of a league, when upon +crossing a pathway, they saw six shepherds advancing +towards them, clad in jackets of black sheepskin, with +garlands of cypress and bitter rosemary on their heads; +each of them having in his hand a thick holly club. +There came also with them two gentlemen on horseback, +well equipped for travelling, who were attended by +three lackeys on foot. When the two parties met they +courteously saluted each other, and finding upon inquiry +that all were proceeding to the place of burial, +they continued their journey together.</p> + +<p>Proceeding on, they discerned through a cleft between +two high mountains about twenty shepherds coming +down, all clad in jerkins of black wool, and crowned +with garlands, some of which were of yew, and some of +cypress. Six of them carried a bier covered with various +flowers and boughs. One of the goatherds said: +"Those who come hither are bearing the corpse of +Chrysostom, and at the foot of yonder mountain is the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">42</a></span> +place where he desired to be interred." Four of them, +with sharp pickaxes, were making the grave by the side +of a sharp rock. Upon the bier lay a dead body, +strewed with flowers, in the dress of a shepherd, apparently +about thirty years of age; and though dead, it was +evident that his countenance had been beautiful and +his figure elegant. Several books and a great number +of papers, some open and some folded, lay round him +on the bier. All that were present, spectators as well +as those who were opening the grave, kept a marvellous +silence, until one said to another: "Observe carefully, +Ambrosio, whether this be the place which Chrysostom +mentioned since you wish to be so exact in executing +his will."</p> + +<p>"It is here," answered Ambrosio; "for in this very +place my unhappy friend often told me of his woe. +Here it was, he told me, that he first beheld that mortal +enemy of the human race; here it was that he declared +to her his no less honorable than ardent passion; +here it was that Marcela finally undeceived and treated +him with such disdain that she put an end to the +tragedy of his miserable life; and here, in memory of +so many misfortunes, he desired to be deposited in the +bowels of eternal oblivion."</p> + +<p>Then, addressing himself to Don Quixote and the +travellers, he thus continued: "This body, sirs, which +you are regarding with compassionate eyes, was the +receptacle of a soul upon which Heaven had bestowed +an infinite portion of its treasures; this is the body of +Chrysostom, who was a man of rare genius, matchless +courtesy, and unbounded kindness; he was a phœnix +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">43</a></span> +in friendship, magnificent without ostentation, grave +without arrogance, cheerful without meanness; in +short, the first in all that was good, and second to none +in all that was unfortunate. He loved, and was abhorred; +he adored, and was scorned; he courted a savage; +he solicited a statue; he pursued the wind; he +called aloud to the desert; he was the slave of ingratitude, +whose recompense was to leave him, in the middle +of his career of life, a prey to death, inflicted by a certain +shepherdess, whom he endeavored to render immortal in +the memories of men; as these papers you are looking +at would sufficiently demonstrate, had he not ordered +me to commit them to the flames at the same time that +his body was deposited in the earth."</p> + +<p>"You would then be more rigorous and cruel to +them," said Vivaldo, "than their master himself.</p> + +<p>"It is neither just nor wise to fulfil the will of him +who commands what is utterly unreasonable.</p> + +<p>"Augustus Cæsar deemed it wrong to consent to the +execution of what the divine Mantuan commanded in +his will; therefore, Signor Ambrosio, although you +commit your friend's body to the earth, do not commit +his writings also to oblivion; and if he has ordained +like a man aggrieved, do not you fulfil like one without +discretion, but rather preserve those papers, in +order that the cruelty of Marcela may be still remembered, +and serve for an example to those who shall live +in times to come, that they may avoid falling down +the like precipices; for I am acquainted, as well +as my companions here, with the story of this your +enamored and despairing friend; we know also your +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">44</a></span> +friendship, and the occasion of his death, and what he +ordered on his deathbed; from which lamentable history +we may conclude how great has been the cruelty +of Marcela, the love of Chrysostom, and the sincerity of +your friendship; and also learn the end of those who +run headlong in the path that delirious passion presents +to their view. Last night we heard of Chrysostom's +death, and that he was to be interred in this place; led, +therefore, by curiosity and compassion, we turned out +of our way, and determined to behold with our eyes +what had interested us so much in the recital; and, in +return for our pity, and our desire to give aid, had it +been possible, we beseech you, oh wise Ambrosio—at +least I request it on my own behalf—that you will +not burn the papers, but allow me to take some of +them."</p> + +<p>Then, without waiting for the shepherd's reply, he +stretched out his hand and took some of those that +were nearest to him: upon which Ambrosio said: +"Out of civility, signor, I will consent to your keeping +those you have taken; but if you expect that I shall +forbear burning those that remain, you are deceived."</p> + +<p>Vivaldo, desirous of seeing what the papers contained, +immediately opened one of them, and found +that it was entitled, "The Song of Despair." Ambrosio, +hearing it, said: "This is the last thing which +the unhappy man wrote; and that all present may conceive, +signor, to what a state of misery he was reduced, +read it aloud; for you will have time enough while they +are digging the grave."</p> + +<p>"That I will do with all my heart," said Vivaldo; +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">45</a></span> +and, as all the bystanders had the same desire, they +assembled around him, and he read in an audible voice +as follows:—</p> +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 6em;"><span class="smcap">chrysostom's song.<br /><br /></span></span> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">i.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Since, cruel maid, you force me to proclaim</span> +<span class="i0">From clime to clime, the triumph of your scorn,</span> +<span class="i0">Let hell itself inspire my tortured breast</span> +<span class="i0">With mournful numbers, and untune my voice;</span> +<span class="i0">Whilst the sad pieces of my broken heart</span> +<span class="i0">Mix with the doleful accents of my tongue,</span> +<span class="i0">At once to tell my griefs and thy exploits,</span> +<span class="i0">Hear, then, and listen with attentive ear—</span> +<span class="i0">Not to harmonious sounds, but echoing groans,</span> +<span class="i0">Fetched from the bottom of my laboring breast,</span> +<span class="i0">To ease, in spite of thee, my raging smart.</span> +</div></div> +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">ii.</span></span></p> +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The lion's roar, the howl of midnight wolves,</span> +<span class="i0">The scaly serpent's hiss, the raven's croak,</span> +<span class="i0">The burst of fighting winds that vex the main,</span> +<span class="i0">The widowed owl and turtle's plaintive moan,</span> +<span class="i0">With all the din of hell's infernal crew,</span> +<span class="i0">From my grieved soul forth issue in one sound—</span> +<span class="i0">Leaving my senses all confused and lost.</span> +<span class="i0">For ah! no common language can express</span> +<span class="i0">The cruel pains that torture my sad heart.</span> +</div></div> +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">iii.</span></span></p> +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Yet let not Echo bear the mournful sounds</span> +<span class="i0">To where old Tagus rolls his yellow sands,</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">46</a></span> +<span class="i0">Or Betis, crowned with olives, pours his flood,</span> +<span class="i0">But here, 'midst rocks and precipices deep,</span> +<span class="i0">Or to obscure and silent vales removed,</span> +<span class="i0">On shores by human footsteps never trod,</span> +<span class="i0">Where the gay sun ne'er lifts his radiant orb,</span> +<span class="i0">Or with the envenomed face of savage beasts</span> +<span class="i0">That range the howling wilderness for food,</span> +<span class="i0">Will I proclaim the story of my woes—</span> +<span class="i0">Poor privilege of grief!—while echoes hoarse</span> +<span class="i0">Catch the sad tale, and spread it round the world.</span> +</div></div> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">iv.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Disdain gives death; suspicions, true or false,</span> +<span class="i0">O'erturn the impatient mind: with surer stroke</span> +<span class="i0">Fell jealousy destroys; the pangs of absence</span> +<span class="i0">No lover can support; nor firmest hope</span> +<span class="i0">Can dissipate the dread of cold neglect;</span> +<span class="i0">Yet I, strange fate! though jealous, though disdained,</span> +<span class="i0">Absent, and sure of cold neglect, still live.</span> +<span class="i0">And amidst the various torments I endure,</span> +<span class="i0">No ray of hope e'er darted on my soul,</span> +<span class="i0">Nor would I hope; rather in deep despair</span> +<span class="i0">Will I sit down, and, brooding o'er my griefs,</span> +<span class="i0">Vow everlasting absence from her sight.</span> +</div></div> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">v.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Can hope and fear at once the soul possess,</span> +<span class="i0">Or hope subsist with surer cause of fear?</span> +<span class="i0">Shall I, to shut out frightful jealousy,</span> +<span class="i0">Close my sad eyes, when every pang I feel</span> +<span class="i0">Presents the hideous phantom to my view?</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">47</a></span> +<span class="i0">What wretch so credulous but must embrace</span> +<span class="i0">Distrust with open arms, when he beholds</span> +<span class="i0">Disdain avowed, suspicions realized,</span> +<span class="i0">And truth itself converted to a lie?</span> +<span class="i0">Oh, cruel tyrant of the realm of love,</span> +<span class="i0">Fierce Jealousy, arm with a sword this hand,</span> +<span class="i0">Or thou, Disdain, a twisted cord bestow!</span> +</div></div> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">vi.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Let me not blame my fate; but, dying, think</span> +<span class="i0">The man most blest who loves, the soul most free</span> +<span class="i0">That love has most enthralled. Still to my thoughts</span> +<span class="i0">Let fancy paint the tyrant of my heart</span> +<span class="i0">Beauteous in mind as face, and in myself</span> +<span class="i0">Still let me find the source of her disdain,</span> +<span class="i0">Content to suffer, since imperial Love</span> +<span class="i0">By lover's woes maintains his sovereign state.</span> +<span class="i0">With this persuasion, and the fatal noose,</span> +<span class="i0">I hasten to the doom her scorn demands,</span> +<span class="i0">And, dying, offer up my breathless corse,</span> +<span class="i0">Uncrowned with garlands, to the whistling winds.</span> +</div></div> +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">vii.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Oh thou, whose unrelenting rigor's force</span> +<span class="i0">First drove me to despair, and now to death;</span> +<span class="i0">When the sad tale of my untimely fall</span> +<span class="i0">Shall reach thy ear, though it deserve a sigh,</span> +<span class="i0">Veil not the heaven of those bright eyes in grief,</span> +<span class="i0">Nor drop one pitying tear, to tell the world</span> +<span class="i0">At length my death has triumphed o'er thy scorn:</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">48</a></span> +<span class="i0">With laughter and each circumstance of joy</span> +<span class="i0">The festival of my disastrous end.</span> +<span class="i0">Ah! need I bid thee smile? too well I know</span> +<span class="i0">My death's thy utmost glory and thy pride.</span> +</div></div> +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">viii.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Come, all ye phantoms of the dark abyss:</span> +<span class="i0">Bring, Tantalus, thy unextinguished thirst,</span> +<span class="i0">And Sisyphus, thy still returning stone;</span> +<span class="i0">Come, Tityus, with the vulture at thy heart;</span> +<span class="i0">And thou, Ixion, bring thy giddy wheel;</span> +<span class="i0">Nor let the toiling sisters stay behind.</span> +<span class="i0">Pour your united griefs into this breast,</span> +<span class="i0">And in low murmurs sing sad obsequies</span> +<span class="i0">(If a despairing wretch such rites may claim)</span> +<span class="i0">O'er my cold limbs, denied a winding sheet.</span> +<span class="i0">And let the triple porter of the shades,</span> +<span class="i0">The sister Furies, and chimeras dire,</span> +<span class="i0">With notes of woe the mournful chorus join.</span> +<span class="i0">Such funeral pomp alone befits the wretch</span> +<span class="i0">By beauty sent untimely to the grave.</span> +</div></div> +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">ix.</span></span></p> +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">And thou, my song, sad child of my despair,</span> +<span class="i0">Complain no more; but since thy wretched fate</span> +<span class="i0">Improves her happier lot who gave thee birth,</span> +<span class="i0">Be all thy sorrows buried in my tomb.</span> +</div></div> + +<p>None of the shepherds departed until, the grave being +made and the papers burnt, the body of Chrysostom was +interred, not without many tears from the spectators. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">49</a></span> +They closed the sepulchre with a large fragment of a rock +until a tombstone was finished, which Ambrosio said +it was his intention to provide, and to inscribe upon it +the following epitaph:—</p> +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 7em;"><span class="smcap">chrysostom's epitaph.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The body of a wretched swain,</span> +<span class="i0">Killed by a cruel maid's disdain,</span> +<span class="i1">In this cold bed neglected lies.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">He lived, fond, hapless youth! to prove</span> +<span class="i0">Th' inhuman tyranny of love,</span> +<span class="i1">Exerted in Marcela's eyes.</span> +</div></div> + +<p>Then they strewed abundance of flowers and boughs +on the grave, and after expressions of condolence to his +friend Ambrosio, they took their leave of him.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>All beauty does not inspire love; some please the +sight without captivating the affections. If all beauties +were to enamour and captivate, the hearts of mankind +would be in a continual state of perplexity and confusion—for +beautiful objects being infinite, the sentiments +they inspire should also be infinite.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>True love cannot be divided, and must be voluntary and +unconstrained.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The viper deserves no blame for its sting, although it be +mortal—because it is the gift of Nature.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Beauty in a modest woman is like fire or a sharp sword at a +distance; neither doth the one burn nor the other wound + +those that come not too near them.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">50</a></span> +Honor and virtue are ornaments of the soul, without which +the body, though it be really beautiful, ought not to be +thought so.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Let him who is deceived complain.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Let him to whom faith is broken despair.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>She who loves none can make none jealous, and sincerity +ought not to pass for disdain.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Much time is necessary to know people thoroughly.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>We are sure of nothing in this life.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There is no remembrance which time does not obliterate, nor +pain which death does not terminate.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Fortune always leaves some door open in misfortune.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Sometimes we look for one thing and find another.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Self-praise depreciates.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The cat to the rat—the rat to the rope—the rope to the +gallows.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Out of the frying-pan into the fire.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>One man is no more than another, only inasmuch as he does +more than another.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">51</a></span> +The lance never blunted the pen, nor the pen the lance.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A mouth without teeth is like a mill without a stone.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The dead to the bier, and the living to good cheer.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>One effect of fear is to disturb the senses, and make things +not to appear what they really are.</p> + + + +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">adventure of the dead body.</span></div> + +<p>They saw, advancing towards them, on the same +road, a great number of lights, resembling so many +moving stars. Sancho stood aghast at the sight of them, +nor was Don Quixote unmoved. The one checked his +ass and the other his horse, and both stood looking before +them with eager attention. They perceived that +the lights were advancing towards them, and that as +they approached nearer they appeared larger. Sancho +trembled like quicksilver at the sight, and Don Quixote's +hair bristled upon his head; but, somewhat recovering +himself, he exclaimed: "Sancho, this must be +a most perilous adventure, wherein it will be necessary +for me to exert my whole might and valor."</p> + +<p>"Woe is me!" answered Sancho; "should this prove +to be an adventure of goblins, as to me it seems to be, +where shall I find ribs to endure?"</p> + +<p>"Whatsoever phantoms they may be," said Don +Quixote, "I will not suffer them to touch a thread of +thy garment: for if they sported with thee before, it +was because I could not get over the wall; but we are +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">52</a></span> +now upon even ground, where I can brandish my sword +at pleasure."</p> + +<p>"But, if they should enchant and benumb you, as +they did then," quoth Sancho, "what matters it whether +we are in the open field or not?"</p> + +<p>"Notwithstanding that," replied Don Quixote, "I +beseech thee, Sancho, to be of good courage; for experience +shall give thee sufficient proof of mine."</p> + +<p>"I will, if it please God," answered Sancho; and, +retiring a little on one side of the road, and again endeavoring +to discover what those walking lights might +be, they soon after perceived a great many persons +clothed in white.</p> + +<p>This dreadful spectacle completely annihilated the +courage of Sancho, whose teeth began to chatter, as if +seized with a quartan ague; and his trembling and +chattering increased as more of it appeared in view; +for now they discovered about twenty persons in white +robes, all on horseback, with lighted torches in their +hands; behind them came a litter covered with black, +which was followed by six persons in deep mourning; +the mules on which they were mounted being covered +likewise with black down to their heels; for that they +were mules, and not horses, was evident by the slowness +of their pace. Those robed in white were muttering +to themselves in a low and plaintive tone.</p> + +<p>This strange vision, at such an hour, and in a place +so uninhabited might well strike terror into Sancho's +heart, and even into that of his master; and so it would +have done had he been any other than Don Quixote. +As for Sancho, his whole stock of courage was now exhausted. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">53</a></span> +But it was otherwise with his master, whose +lively imagination instantly suggested to him that this +must be truly a chivalrous adventure. He conceived +that the litter was a bier, whereon was carried some +knight sorely wounded, or slain, whose revenge was +reserved for him alone; he, therefore, without delay +couched his spear, seated himself firm in his saddle, +and with grace and spirit advanced into the middle of +the road by which the procession must pass; and, when +they were near, he raised his voice and said: "Ho, +knights, whoever ye are, halt, and give me an account +to whom ye belong; whence ye come, whither ye are +going, and what it is ye carry upon that bier; for in all +appearance either ye have done some injury to others, +or others to you: and it is expedient and necessary that +I be informed of it, either to chastise ye for the evil ye +have done, or to revenge ye of wrongs sustained."</p> + +<p>"We are in haste," answered one in the procession; +"the inn is a great way off, and we cannot stay to give +so long an account as you require." Then, spurring +his mule, he passed forward.</p> + +<p>Don Quixote, highly resenting this answer, laid hold +of his bridle and said: "Stand, and with more civility +give me the account I demand; otherwise I challenge +ye all to battle."</p> + +<p>The mule was timid, and started so much upon his +touching the bridle, that, rising on her hind legs, she +threw her rider over the crupper to the ground. A +lacquey that came on foot, seeing the man in white +fall, began to revile Don Quixote, whose choler being +now raised, he couched his spear, and immediately +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">54</a></span> +attacking one of the mourners, laid him on the ground +grievously wounded; then turning about to the rest, +it was worth seeing with what agility he attacked and +defeated them; and it seemed as if wings at that instant +had sprung on Rozinante—so lightly and swiftly +he moved! All the white-robed people, being timorous +and unarmed, soon quitted the skirmish and ran +over the plain with their lighted torches, looking like +so many masqueraders on a carnival or festival night. +The mourners were so wrapped up and muffled in their +long robes that they could make no exertion; so that +Don Quixote, with entire safety, assailed them all, and, +sorely against their will, obliged them to quit the field; +for they thought him no man, but the devil from hell +broke loose upon them to seize the dead body they were +conveying in the litter.</p> + +<p>All this Sancho beheld with admiration at his master's +intrepidity, and said to himself: "This master +of mine is certainly as valiant and magnanimous as he +pretends to be."</p> + +<p>A burning torch lay upon the ground near the first +whom the mule had overthrown, by the light of which +Don Quixote espied him, and going up to him, placed +the point of his spear to his throat, commanding him +to surrender, on pain of death. To which the fallen +man answered: "I am surrendered enough already, +since I cannot stir, for one of my legs is broken. I +beseech you, sir, if you are a Christian gentleman, do +not kill me: you would commit a great sacrilege, +for I am a licentiate and have taken the lesser +orders."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">55</a></span> +"Who the devil, then," said Don Quixote, "brought +you hither, being an ecclesiastic?"</p> + +<p>"Who, sir?" replied the fallen man; "my evil fortune."</p> + +<p>"A worse fate now threatens you," said Don Quixote, +"unless you reply satisfactorily to all my first questions."</p> + +<p>"Your worship shall soon be satisfied," answered the +licentiate; "and therefore you must know, sir, that +though I told you before I was a licentiate, I am in +fact only a bachelor of arts, and my name is Alonzo +Lopez. I am a native of Alcovendas, and came from +the city of Baeza with eleven more ecclesiastics, the +same who fled with the torches. We were attending +the corpse in that litter to the city of Segovia. It is +that of a gentleman who died in Baeza, where he was +deposited till now, that, as I said before, we are carrying +his bones to their place of burial in Segovia, where +he was born."</p> + +<p>"And who killed him?" demanded Don Quixote.</p> + +<p>"God," replied the bachelor, "by means of a pestilential +fever."</p> + +<p>"Then," said Don Quixote, "our Lord hath saved +me the labor of revenging his death, in case he had +been slain by any other hand. But, since he fell by +the hand of Heaven, there is nothing expected from us +but patience and a silent shrug; for just the same must +I have done had it been His pleasure to pronounce the +fatal sentence upon me. It is proper that your reverence +should know that I am a knight of La Mancha, +Don Quixote by name, and that it is my office and profession +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">56</a></span> +to go over the world righting wrongs and redressing +grievances."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He that seeketh danger perisheth therein.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Fear hath many eyes.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Evil to him that evil seeks.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Everybody has not discretion to take things by the right +handle.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He loves thee well who makes thee weep.</p> + +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the grand adventure and rich prize of mambrino's helmet.</span></div> + + +<p>About this time it began to rain a little, and Sancho +proposed entering the fulling-mill; but Don Quixote +had conceived such an abhorrence of them for the late +jest, that he would by no means go in: turning, therefore, +to the right hand, they struck into another road, +like that they had travelled through the day before. +Soon after, Don Quixote discovered a man on horseback, +who had on his head something which glittered as +if it had been of gold; and scarcely had he seen it when, +turning to Sancho, he said, "I am of opinion, Sancho, +there is no proverb but what is true, because they are +all sentences drawn from experience itself, the mother of +all the sciences; especially that which says, 'Where one +door is shut another is opened.' I say this because, if +fortune last night shut the door against what we +sought, deceiving us with the fulling-mills, it now +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">57</a></span> +opens wide another, for a better and more certain +adventure; in which, if I am deceived, the fault will be +mine, without imputing it to my ignorance of fulling-mills, +or to the darkness of night. This I say because, +if I mistake not, there comes one towards us who +carries on his head Mambrino's helmet, concerning +which thou mayest remember I swore the oath."</p> + +<p>"Take care, sir, what you say, and more what you +do," said Sancho; "for I would not wish for other +fulling-mills, to finish the milling and mashing our +senses."</p> + +<p>"The devil take thee!" replied Don Quixote: "what +has a helmet to do with fulling-mills?"</p> + +<p>"I know not," answered Sancho; "but in faith, if I +might talk as much as I used to do, perhaps I could +give such reasons that your worship would see you are +mistaken in what you say."</p> + +<p>"How can I be mistaken in what I say, scrupulous +traitor?" said Don Quixote. "Tell me, seest thou +not yon knight coming towards us on a dapple-gray +steed, with a helmet of gold on his head?"</p> + +<p>"What I see and perceive," answered Sancho, "is +only a man on a gray ass like mine, with something on +his head that glitters."</p> + +<p>"Why, that is Mambrino's helmet," said Don Quixote; +"retire, and leave me alone to deal with him, +and thou shalt see how, in order to save time, I shall +conclude this adventure without speaking a word, and +the helmet I have so much desired remain my own."</p> + +<p>"I shall take care to get out of the way," replied +Sancho; "but Heaven grant, I say again, it may not +prove another fulling-mill adventure." +</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">58</a></span> +"I have already told thee, Sancho, not to mention +those fulling-mills, nor even think of them," said Don +Quixote: "if thou dost—I say no more, but I vow to +mill thy soul for thee!" Sancho held his peace, fearing +lest his master should perform his vow, which had +struck him all of a heap.</p> + +<p>Now the truth of the matter, concerning the helmet, +the steed, and the knight which Don Quixote saw, was +this. There were two villages in that neighborhood, +one of them so small that it had neither shop nor barber, +but the other adjoining to it had both; therefore +the barber of the larger served also the less, wherein +one customer now wanted to be let blood and another +to be shaved; to perform which, the barber was now on +his way, carrying with him his brass basin; and it so +happened that while upon the road it began to rain, +and to save his hat, which was a new one, he clapped +the basin on his head, which being lately scoured was +seen glittering at the distance of half a league; and he +rode on a gray ass, as Sancho had affirmed. Thus Don +Quixote took the barber for a knight, his ass for a dapple-gray +steed, and his basin for a golden helmet; for +whatever he saw was quickly adapted to his knightly +extravagances: and when the poor knight drew near, +without staying to reason the case with him, he advanced +at Rozinante's best speed, and couched his +lance, intending to run him through and through; but, +when close upon him, without checking the fury of his +career, he cried out, "Defend thyself, caitiff! or instantly +surrender what is justly my due."</p> + +<p>The barber, so unexpectedly seeing this phantom +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">59</a></span> +advancing upon him, had no other way to avoid the +thrust of the lance than to slip down from the ass; and +no sooner had he touched the ground than, leaping up +nimbler than a roebuck, he scampered over the plain +with such speed that the wind could not overtake him. +The basin he left on the ground; with which Don +Quixote was satisfied, observing that the pagan had +acted discreetly, and in imitation of the beaver, which, +when closely pursued by the hunters, tears off with his +teeth that which it knows by instinct to be the object +of pursuit. He ordered Sancho to take up the helmet; +who, holding it in his hand, said, "Before Heaven, +the basin is a special one, and is well worth a piece of +eight, if it is worth a farthing."</p> + +<p>He then gave it to his master, who immediately +placed it upon his head, turning it round in search of +the visor; but not finding it he said, "Doubtless the +pagan for whom this famous helmet was originally +forged must have had a prodigious head—the worst of +it is that one half is wanting."</p> + +<p>When Sancho heard the basin called a helmet, he +could not forbear laughing; which, however, he instantly +checked on recollecting his master's late choler.</p> + +<p>"What dost thou laugh at, Sancho?" said Don +Quixote.</p> + +<p>"I am laughing," answered he, "to think what a +huge head the pagan had who owned that helmet, +which is for all the world just like a barber's basin."</p> + +<p>"Knowest thou, Sancho, what I conceive to be the +case? This famous piece, this enchanted helmet, by +some strange accident must have fallen into the possession +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">60</a></span> +of one who, ignorant of its true value as a helmet +and seeing it to be of the purest gold, hath inconsiderately +melted down the one-half for lucre's sake, and of +the other half made this, which, as thou sayest, doth +indeed look like a barber's basin; but to me, who know +what it really is, its transformation is of no importance, +for I will have it so repaired in the first town where +there is a smith, that it shall not be surpassed nor even +equalled by that which the god of smiths himself made +and forged for the god of battles. In the mean time I +will wear it as I best can, for something is better than +nothing; and it will be sufficient to defend me from +stones."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Be brief in thy discourse, for what is prolix cannot be +pleasing.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Never stand begging for that which you have the power to +take.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There are two kinds of lineages in the world. Some +there are who derive their pedigree from princes and +monarchs, whom time has gradually reduced until they +have ended in a point, like a pyramid; others have had +a low origin, and have risen by degrees, until they have +become great lords. So that the difference is, that +some have been what they now are not, and others are +now what they were not before.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A leap from a hedge is better than the prayer of a bishop.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A snatch from behind a bush is better than the prayer of +good men.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">61</a></span> +Customs come not all together, neither were they all +invented at once.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Who sings in grief procures relief.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Let every one turn himself round, and look at home, and he +will find enough to do.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>To be grateful for benefits received is the duty of honest +men—one of the sins that most offendeth God is ingratitude.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Benefits conferred on base-minded people are like drops of +water thrown into the sea.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Retreating is not running away, nor is staying wisdom when +the danger overbalances the hope; and it is the part of wise +men to secure themselves to-day for to-morrow, and not to +venture all upon one throw.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The wicked are always ungrateful.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Necessity urges desperate measures.</p> +<hr class="three" /> +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Know'st thou, O love, the pangs that I sustain,</span> +<span class="i1">Or, cruel, dost thou view those pangs unmov'd?</span> +<span class="i1">Or has some hidden cause its influence proved,</span> +<span class="i0">By all this sad variety of pain?</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">62</a></span> +<span class="i0">Love is a god, then surely he must know,</span> +<span class="i1">And knowing, pity wretchedness like mine;</span> +<span class="i0">From other hands proceeds the fatal blow—</span> +<span class="i1">Is then the deed, unpitying Chloe, thine?</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Ah, no! a form so exquisitely fair</span> +<span class="i1">A soul so merciless can ne'er enclose.</span> +<span class="i1">From Heaven's high will my fate resistless flows,</span> +<span class="i0">And I, submissive, must its vengeance bear.</span> +<span class="i1">Nought but a miracle my life can save,</span> +<span class="i1">And snatch its destined victim from the grave.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The devil is subtle, and lays stumbling-blocks in our way, +over which we fall without knowing how.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>In all misfortunes the greatest consolation is a +sympathizing friend.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Riches are but of little avail against the ills inflicted by +the hand of Heaven.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He that buys and denies, his own purse belies.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Till you hedge in the sky, the starlings will fly.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>If a painter would be famous in his art, he must endeavor to +copy after the originals of the most excellent masters; the +same rule is also applicable to all the other arts and +sciences which adorn the commonwealth; thus, whoever aspires +to a reputation for prudence and patience, must imitate +Ulysses, in whose person and toils Homer draws a lively +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">63</a></span> +picture of those qualities; so also Virgil, in the +character of Æneas, delineates filial piety, courage, and +martial skill, being representations of not what they really +were, but of what they ought to be, in order to serve as +models of virtue to succeeding generations.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The absent feel and fear every ill.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"I have heard say," quoth Sancho, "'from hell there +is no retention.'"</p> + +<p>"I know not," said Don Quixote, "what retention +means."</p> + +<p>"Retention," answered Sancho, "means that he who +is once in hell never does, nor ever can, get out again. +I must strip off all my armor, and remain as naked as I +was born, if I should determine upon imitating Orlando, +in my penance, instead of Amadis."</p> + +<p>While they were thus discoursing, they arrived at the +foot of a high mountain, which stood separated from +several others that surrounded it, as if it had been hewn +out from them. Near its base ran a gentle stream, +that watered a verdant and luxuriant vale, adorned +with many wide-spreading trees, plants, and wild flowers +of various hues. This was the spot in which the +knight of the sorrowful figure chose to perform his penance; +and, while contemplating the scene, he thus broke +forth in a loud voice:—</p> + +<p>"This is the place, O ye heavens! which I select and +appoint for bewailing the misfortune in which ye have +involved me. This is the spot where my flowing tears +shall increase the waters of this crystal stream, and my +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">64</a></span> +sighs, continual and deep, shall incessantly move the +foliage of these lofty trees, in testimony and token of +the pain my persecuted heart endures. O ye rural +deities, whoever ye be, that inhabit these remote deserts, +give ear to the complaints of an unhappy lover, +whom long absence and some pangs of jealousy have +driven to bewail himself among these rugged heights, +and to complain of the cruelty of that ungrateful fair, +the utmost extent and ultimate perfection of all human +beauty! O ye wood-nymphs and dryads, who are accustomed +to inhabit the dark recesses of the mountain +groves (so may the nimble and lascivious satyrs, by +whom ye are wooed in vain, never disturb your sweet +repose), assist me to lament my hard fate, or at least be +not weary of hearing my groans! O my Dulcinea del +Toboso, light of my darkness, glory of my pain, the +north-star of my travels, and overruling planet of my +fortune (so may Heaven listen to all thy petitions), consider, +I beseech thee, to what a condition thy absence +hath reduced me, and reward me as my fidelity deserves! +O ye solitary trees, who henceforth are to be the companions +of my retirement, wave gently your branches, +to indicate that my presence does not offend you! And, +O thou my squire, agreeable companion in my prosperous +and adverse fortunes, carefully imprint on thy memory +what thou shalt see me here perform, that thou mayest +recount and recite it to her who is the sole cause of all!"</p> + +<p>"There is no reason why you should threaten me," +quoth Sancho, "for I am not a man to rob or murder +anybody. Let every man's fate kill him, or God who +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">65</a></span> +made him. My master is doing a certain penance +much to his liking in the midst of yon mountains."</p> + +<p>Don Quixote took out the pocket-book, and, stepping +aside, began with much composure to write the letter; +and having finished, he called Sancho and said he would +read it to him that he might have it by heart, lest he +might perchance lose it by the way, for everything was +to be feared from his evil destiny. To which Sancho +answered: "Write it, sir, two or three times in the +book, and give it me, and I will take good care of it; +but to suppose that I can carry it in my memory is a +folly, for mine is so bad that I often forget my own +name. Your worship, however, may read it to me. I +shall be glad to hear it, for it must needs be very much +to the purpose."</p> + +<p>"Listen, then," said Don Quixote, "this is what I +have written ":—</p> + +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">don quixote's letter to dulcinea del toboso.</span></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">High and Sovereign Lady</span>:—He who is stabbed +by the point of absence, and pierced by the arrows of +love, O sweetest Dulcinea del Toboso, greets thee with +wishes for that health which he enjoys not himself. +If thy beauty despise me, if thy worth favor me not, +and if thy disdain still pursue me, although inured to +suffering, I shall ill support an affliction which is not +only severe but lasting. My good squire Sancho will +tell thee, O ungrateful fair and most beloved foe, to +what a state I am reduced on thy account. If it be +thy pleasure to relieve me, I am thine; if not, do +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">66</a></span> +what seemeth good to thee,—for by my death I shall +at once appease thy cruelty and my own passion.</p> + +<div class="center2">Until death thine,</div> +<p class="quotsig"><span class="smcap">The Knight of the Sorrowful Figure.</span></p> + +<hr class="three" /> +<p>One should not talk of halters in the house of the hanged.</p> + + + +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">lines discovered on the bark of a tree, addressed to dulcinea del toboso.</span></div> + + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Ye lofty trees, with spreading arms,</span> +<span class="i1">The pride and shelter of the plain;</span> +<span class="i0">Ye humble shrubs and flowery charms,</span> +<span class="i1">Which here in springing glory reign!</span> +<span class="i0">If my complaints may pity move,</span> +<span class="i0">Hear the sad story of my love!</span> +<span class="i1">While with me here you pass your hours,</span> +<span class="i0">Should you grow faded with my cares,</span> +<span class="i1">I'll bribe you with refreshing showers;</span> +<span class="i0">You shall be watered with my tears.</span> +<span class="i1">Distant, though present in idea,</span> +<span class="i1">I mourn my absent Dulcinea</span> +<span class="i12">Del Toboso.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Love's truest slave, despairing, chose</span> +<span class="i1">This lonely wild, this desert plain,</span> +<span class="i0">This silent witness of the woes</span> +<span class="i1">Which he, though guiltless, must sustain.</span> +<span class="i0">Unknowing why these pains he bears,</span> +<span class="i0">He groans, he raves, and he despairs.</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">67</a></span> +<span class="i1">With lingering fires Love racks my soul:</span> +<span class="i0">In vain I grieve, in vain lament;</span> +<span class="i1">Like tortured fiends I weep, I howl,</span> +<span class="i0">And burn, yet never can repent.</span> +<span class="i1">Distant, though present in idea,</span> +<span class="i1">I mourn my absent Dulcinea</span> +<span class="i12">Del Toboso.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">While I through Honor's thorny ways,</span> +<span class="i1">In search of distant glory rove,</span> +<span class="i0">Malignant fate my toil repays</span> +<span class="i1">With endless woes and hopeless love.</span> +<span class="i0">Thus I on barren rocks despair,</span> +<span class="i0">And curse my stars, yet bless my fair.</span> +<span class="i1">Love, armed with snakes, has left his dart,</span> +<span class="i0">And now does like a fury rave;</span> +<span class="i1">And scourge and sting on every part,</span> +<span class="i0">And into madness lash his slave.</span> +<span class="i1">Distant, though present in idea,</span> +<span class="i1">I mourn my absent Dulcinea</span> +<span class="i12">Del Toboso.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>When the stars are adverse, what is human power?</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Who is there in the world that can boast of having fathomed +and thoroughly penetrated the intricate and ever-changing +nature of a woman?</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">What causes all my grief and pain?</span> +<span class="i1">Cruel disdain.</span> +<span class="i0">What aggravates my misery?</span> +<span class="i1">Accursed jealousy.</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">68</a></span> +<span class="i0">How has my soul its patience lost?</span> +<span class="i1">By tedious absence crossed.</span> +<span class="i0">Alas! no balsam can be found</span> +<span class="i0">To heal the grief of such a wound.</span> +<span class="i0">When absence, jealousy, and scorn</span> +<span class="i0">Have left me hopeless and forlorn.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">What in my breast this grief could move?</span> +<span class="i1">Neglected love.</span> +<span class="i0">What doth my fond desires withstand?</span> +<span class="i1">Fate's cruel hand.</span> +<span class="i0">And what confirms my misery?</span> +<span class="i1">Heaven's fixed decree.</span> +<span class="i0">Ah me! my boding fears portend,</span> +<span class="i0">This strange disease my life will end:</span> +<span class="i0">For die I must, when three such foes,</span> +<span class="i0">Heaven, fate, and love, my bliss oppose.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">My peace of mind, what can restore?</span> +<span class="i1">Death's welcome hour.</span> +<span class="i0">What gains love's joys most readily?</span> +<span class="i1">Fickle inconstancy.</span> +<span class="i0">Its pains what medicine can assuage?</span> +<span class="i1">Wild frenzy's rage.</span> +<span class="i0">'Tis therefore little wisdom, sure,</span> +<span class="i0">For such a grief to seek a cure,</span> +<span class="i0">That knows no better remedy</span> +<span class="i0">Than frenzy, death, inconstancy.</span> +</div> +</div> +<p>The hour, the season, the solitude, the voice, and the +skill of the singer, all conspired to impress the auditors +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">69</a></span> +with wonder and delight, and they remained for some +time motionless, in expectation of hearing more; but, +finding the silence continue, they resolved to see who +it was who had sung so agreeably, and were again +detained by the same voice regaling their ears with +this sonnet:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Friendship, thou hast with nimble flight</span> +<span class="i0">Exulting gained the empyreal height,</span> +<span class="i0">In heaven to dwell, while here below</span> +<span class="i0">Thy semblance reigns in mimic show;</span> +<span class="i0">From thence to earth, at thy behest,</span> +<span class="i0">Descends fair peace, celestial guest!</span> +<span class="i0">Beneath whose veil of shining hue</span> +<span class="i0">Deceit oft lurks, concealed from view.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Leave, friendship! leave thy heavenly seat,</span> +<span class="i0">Or strip thy livery off the cheat.</span> +<span class="i0">If still he wears thy borrowed smiles,</span> +<span class="i0">And still unwary truth beguiles,</span> +<span class="i0">Soon must this dark terrestrial ball</span> +<span class="i0">Into its first confusion fall.</span> +</div></div> + + +<hr class="two" /> +<p>What is sudden death to a protracted life of anguish?</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"O heavens! have I then at last found a place which may +afford a secret grave for this wretched body? Yes, if the +silence of this rocky desert deceive me not, here I may die +in peace. Ah, woe is me! Here at least I may freely pour +forth my lamentations to Heaven, and shall be less wretched +than among men, from whom I should in vain seek counsel, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">70</a></span> +redress, or consolation."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>One evil produces another, and misfortunes never come +singly.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>O memory, thou mortal enemy of my repose! wherefore now +recall to me the incomparable beauty of that adored enemy of +mine! Were it not better, thou cruel faculty! to represent +to my imagination her conduct at that period—that moved by +so flagrant an injury, I may strive if not to avenge it, at +least to end this life of pain?</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>For no grievance can harass or drive the afflicted to such +extremity, while life remains, as to make them shut their +ears against that counsel which is given with the most +humane and benevolent intention.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Music lulls the disordered thoughts, and elevates the +dejected spirits.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>All women, let them be never so homely, are pleased to hear +themselves celebrated for beauty.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The eyes of love or of idleness are like those of a lynx.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>One mischance invites another, and the end of one misfortunep +is often the beginning of a worse.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Among friends we ought not to stand upon trifles.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>No man can command the first emotions of his passions.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">71</a></span> +Every new fault deserves a new penance.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Where is the wonder one devil should be like another?</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Gifts are good after Easter.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A sparrow in the hand is worth more than a bustard on the +wing.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He that will not when he may, when he would he shall have +nay.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Men may prove and use their friends, and not presume upon +their friendship in things contrary to the decrees of +Heaven.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A man dishonored is worse than dead.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"I have heard it preached," quoth Sancho, "that +God is to be loved with this kind of love, for Himself +alone, without our being moved to it by hope of reward +or fear of punishment; though, for my part, I am inclined +to love and serve Him for what He is able to do +for me."</p> + +<p>"The devil take thee for a bumpkin," said Don +Quixote; "thou sayest ever and anon such apt things +that one would almost think thee a scholar."</p> + +<p>"And yet, by my faith," quoth Sancho, "I cannot +so much as read."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Squires and knight-errants are subject to much hunger and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">72</a></span> +ill-luck.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A man on whom Heaven has bestowed a beautiful wife should be +as cautious respecting the friends he introduces at home as +to her female acquaintance abroad.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>If from equal parts we take equal parts, those that remain +are equal.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>To attempt voluntarily that which must be productive of evil +rather than good, is madness and folly. Difficult works are +undertaken for the sake of Heaven, or of the world, or both: +the first are such as are performed by the saints while they +endeavor to live the life of angels in their human frames; +such as are performed for love of the world are encountered +by those who navigate the boundless ocean, traverse +different countries and various climates to acquire what are +called the goods of fortune. Those who assail hazardous +enterprises for the sake of both God and man are brave +soldiers, who no sooner perceive in the enemy's wall a +breach made by a single cannon-ball, than, regardless of +danger and full of zeal in the defence of their faith, their +country, and their king, they rush where death in a thousand +shapes awaits them. These are difficulties commonly +attempted, and, though perilous, are glorious and +profitable.</p> + +<hr class="three" /> +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 8em;"><span class="smcap">tears of st. peter.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Shame, grief, remorse, in Peter's breast increase,</span> +<span class="i1">Soon as the blushing morn his crime betrays;</span> +<span class="i0">When most unseen, then most himself he sees,</span> +<span class="i1">And with due horror all his soul surveys.</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">73</a></span> +<span class="i0">For a great spirit needs no censuring eyes</span> +<span class="i1">To wound his soul, when conscious of a fault;</span> +<span class="i0">But, self-condemn'd, and e'en self-punished, lies,</span> +<span class="i1">And dreads no witness like upbraiding Thought.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Expect not, therefore, by concealment, to banish sorrow; +for, even though you weep not openly, tears of blood will +flow from your heart. So wept that simple doctor, who, +according to the poet, would venture to make a trial of the +cup which the more prudent Rinaldo wisely declined doing; +and although this be a poetical fiction, there is a +concealed moral in it worthy to be observed and followed.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There is no jewel in the world so valuable as a chaste and +virtuous woman. The honor of women consists in the good +opinion of the world; and since that of your wife is +eminently good, why would you have it questioned? Woman, my +friend, is an imperfect creature; and, instead of laying +stumbling-blocks in her way, we should clear the path before +her, that she may readily attain that virtue which is +essential in her. Naturalists inform us that the ermine is a +little creature with extremely white fur, and that when the +hunters are in pursuit of it, they spread with mire all the +passes leading to its haunts, to which they then drive it, +knowing that it will submit to be taken rather than defile +itself. The virtuous and modest woman is an ermine, and her +character whiter than snow; and in order to preserve it, a +very different method must be taken from that which is used +with the ermine.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">74</a></span> +The reputation of a woman may also be compared to a mirror +of crystal, shining and bright, but liable to be sullied by +every breath that comes near it. The virtuous woman must be +treated like a relic—adored but not handled; she should be +guarded and prized, like a fine flower-garden, the beauty +and fragrance of which the owner allows others to enjoy only +at a distance, and through iron rails.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The devil, when he would entrap a cautious person, assumes +an angel form till he carries his point, when the cloven +foot appears.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He who builds on impossibilities should be denied the +privilege of any other foundation.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Hope is ever born with love.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Castles should not be left without governors, nor armies +without generals.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The passion of love is to be conquered by flight alone; it +is vain to contend with a power which, though human, +requires more than human strength to subdue.</p> +<hr class="three" /> +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">In the dead silence of the peaceful night,</span> +<span class="i1">When others' cares are hushed in soft repose,</span> +<span class="i1">The sad account of my neglected woes</span> +<span class="i0">To conscious Heaven and Chloris I recite.</span> +<span class="i0">And when the sun, with his returning light,</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">75</a></span> +<span class="i1">Forth from the east his radiant journey goes,</span> +<span class="i1">With accents such as sorrow only knows,</span> +<span class="i0">My griefs to tell is all my poor delight.</span> +<span class="i0">And when bright Phœbus from his starry throne</span> +<span class="i1">Sends rays direct upon the parched soil,</span> +<span class="i0">Still in the mournful tale I persevere;</span> +<span class="i1">Returning night renews my sorrow's toil;</span> +<span class="i0">And though from morn to night I weep and moan,</span> +<span class="i0">Nor Heaven nor Chloris my complainings hear.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="three" /> +<p>Are we to take all that enamored poets sing for truth?</p> +<hr class="three" /> +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i1">Believe me, nymph, I feel th' impending blow,</span> +<span class="i1">And glory in the near approach of death;</span> +<span class="i1">For when thou see'st my corse devoid of breath,</span> +<span class="i0">My constancy and truth thou sure wilt know,</span> +<span class="i0">Welcome to me Oblivion's shade obscure!</span> +<span class="i1">Welcome the loss of fortune, life, and fame!</span> +<span class="i1">But thy loved features, and thy honored name,</span> +<span class="i0">Deep graven on my heart, shall still endure.</span> +<span class="i0">And these, as sacred relics, will I keep</span> +<span class="i1">Till that sad moment when to endless night</span> +<span class="i1">My long-tormented soul shall take her flight</span> +<span class="i0">Alas for him who on the darkened deep</span> +<span class="i1">Floats idly, sport of the tempestuous tide,</span> +<span class="i1">No port to shield him, and no star to guide!</span> +</div> +</div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He who gives freely gives twice.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">76</a></span> +That which is lightly gained is little valued.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>For love sometimes flies and sometimes walks—runs with one +person, and goes leisurely with another: some he warms, and +some he burns; some he wounds, and others he kills: in one +and the same instant he forms and accomplishes his projects. +He often in the morning lays siege to a fortress which in +the evening surrenders to him—for no force is able to +resist him.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Heaven always favors the honest purpose.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Rank is not essential in a wife.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>True nobility consists in virtue.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>It is no derogation to rank to elevate beauty adorned with +virtue.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Time will discover.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"Certainly, gentlemen, if we rightly consider it, +those who make knight-errantry their profession often +meet with surprising and most stupendous adventures. +For what mortal in the world, at this time entering +within this castle, and seeing us sit together as we do, +will imagine and believe us to be the same persons +which in reality we are? Who is there that can judge +that this lady by my side is the great queen we all +know her to be, and that I am that Knight of the Sorrowful +Figure so universally made known by fame? +It is, then, no longer to be doubted but that this exercise +and profession surpasses all others that have been +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">77</a></span> +invented by man, and is so much the more honorable as +it is more exposed to dangers. Let none presume to +tell me that the pen is preferable to the sword. This +may be ascertained by regarding the end and object +each of them aims at; for that intention is to be most +valued which makes the noblest end its object. The +scope and end of learning, I mean human learning (in +this place I speak not of divinity, whose aim is to guide +souls to Heaven, for no other can equal a design so infinite +as that), is to give a perfection to distribute justice, +bestowing upon every one his due, and to procure +and cause good laws to be observed; an end really generous, +great, and worthy of high commendation, but +yet not equal to that which knight-errantry tends to, +whose object and end is peace, which is the greatest +blessing man can wish for in this life. And, therefore, +the first good news that the world received was that +which the angels brought in the night—the beginning +of our day—when they sang in the air, 'Glory to God +on high, peace on earth, and to men good-will.' And +the only manner of salutation taught by our great Master +to His friends and favorites was, that entering any +house they should say, 'Peace be to this house.' And +at other times He said to them, 'My peace I give to +you,' 'My peace I leave to you,' 'Peace be among you.' +A jewel and legacy worthy of such a donor, a jewel +so precious that without it there can be no happiness +either in earth or heaven. This peace is the true end of +war; for arms and war are one and the same thing. Allowing, +then, this truth, that the end of war is peace, and +that in this it excels the end of learning, let us now weigh +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">78</a></span> +the bodily labors the scholar undergoes against those +the warrior suffers, and then see which are the greatest.</p> + +<p>"These, then, I say, are the sufferings and hardships +a scholar endures. First, poverty (not that they are all +poor, but to urge the worst that may be in this case); +and having said he endures poverty, methinks nothing +more need be urged to express his misery; for he that +is poor enjoys no happiness, but labors under this poverty +in all its parts, at one time in hunger, at another in +cold, another in nakedness, and sometimes in all of +them together; yet his poverty is not so great, but still +he eats, though it be later than the usual hour, and of +the scraps of the rich; neither can the scholar miss of +somebody's stove or fireside to sit by; where, though he +be not thoroughly heated, yet he may gather warmth, +and at last sleep away the night under a roof. I will +not touch upon other less material circumstances, as +the want of linen, and scarcity of shoes, thinness and +baldness of their clothes, and their surfeiting when +good fortune throws a feast in their way; this is the +difficult and uncouth path they tread, often stumbling +and falling, yet rising again and pushing on, till they +attain the preferment they aim at; whither being arrived, +we have seen many of them, who, having been +carried by a fortunate gale through all these quick-sands, +from a chair govern the world; their hunger +being changed into satiety, their cold into comfortable +warmth, their nakedness into magnificence of apparel, +and the mats they used to lie upon, into stately beds of +costly silks and softest linen, a reward due to their virtue. +But yet their sufferings, being compared to those +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">79</a></span> +the soldier endures, appear much inferior, as I shall in +the next place make out."</p> + +<p>Don Quixote, after a short pause, continued his discourse +thus:—"Since, in speaking of the scholar, we +began with his poverty and its several branches, let us +see whether the soldier be richer. We shall find that +poverty itself is not more poor: for he depends on his +wretched pay, which comes late, and sometimes never; +or upon what he can pillage, at the imminent risk of +his life and conscience. Such often is his nakedness +that his slashed buff-doublet serves him both for finery +and shirt; and in the midst of winter, on the open +plain, he has nothing to warm him but the breath of +his mouth, which, issuing from an empty place, must +needs be cold. But let us wait, and see whether night +will make amends for these inconveniences: if his bed be +too narrow it is his own fault, for he may measure out +as many feet of earth as he pleases, and roll himself +thereon at pleasure without fear of rumpling the sheets. +Suppose the moment arrived of taking his degree—I +mean, suppose-the day of battle come: his doctoral cap +may then be of lint, to cover some gun-shot wound, +which perhaps has gone through his temples, or deprived +him of an arm or leg.</p> + +<p>"And even suppose that Heaven in its mercy should +preserve him alive and unhurt, he will probably remain +as poor as ever; for he must be engaged and victorious +in many battles before he can expect high promotion; +and such good fortune happens only by a miracle: for +you will allow, gentlemen, that few are the number of +those that have reaped the reward of their services, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">80</a></span> +compared with those who have perished in war. The +dead are countless; whereas those who survived to be rewarded +may be numbered with three figures. Not so +with scholars, who by their salaries (I will not say +their perquisites) are generally handsomely provided +for. Thus the labors of the soldier are greater, although +his reward is less. It may be said in answer to +this, that it is easier to reward two thousand scholars +than thirty thousand soldiers: for scholars are rewarded +by employments which must of course be given to men +of their profession; whereas the soldier can only be rewarded +by the property of the master whom, he serves; +and this defence serves to strengthen my argument.</p> + +<p>"But, waiving this point, let us consider the comparative +claims to pre-eminence: for the partisans of +each can bring powerful arguments in support of their +own cause. It is said in favor of letters that without +them arms could not subsist; for war must have its +laws, and laws come within the province of the learned. +But it may be alleged in reply, that arms are necessary +to the maintenance of law; by arms the public roads +are protected, cities guarded, states defended, kingdoms +preserved, and the seas cleared of corsairs and pirates. +In short, without arms there would be no safety for +cities, commonwealths or kingdoms. Besides, it is +just to estimate a pursuit in proportion to the cost of its +attainment. Now it is true that eminence in learning +is purchased by time, watching, hunger, nakedness, +vertigo, indigestion, and many other inconveniences +already mentioned; but a man who rises gradually to +be a good soldier endures all these, and far more. What +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">81</a></span> +is the hunger and poverty which menace the man of +letters compared with the situation of the soldier, who, +besieged in some fortress, and placed as sentinel in +some ravelin or <i>cavalier</i>, perceives that the enemy is +mining toward the place where he stands, and yet he +must on no account stir from his post or shun the imminent +danger that threatens him? All that he can do +in such a case is to give notice to his officer of what +passes, that he may endeavor to counteract it; in the +meantime he must stand his ground, in momentary expectation +of being mounted to the clouds without +wings, and then dashed headlong to the earth. And if +this be thought but a trifling danger, let us see whether +it be equalled or exceeded by the encounter of two +galleys, prow to prow, in the midst of the white +sea, locked and grappled together, so that there is no +more room left for the soldier than the two-foot plank +at the break-head; and though he sees as many threatening +ministers of death before him as there are pieces +of artillery pointed at him from the opposite side, not +the length of a lance from his body; though he knows +that the first slip of his foot sends him to the bottom of +the sea; yet, with an undaunted heart, inspired by +honor, he exposes himself as a mark to all their fire, +and endeavors by that narrow pass to force his way into +the enemy's vessel! And, what is most worthy of admiration, +no sooner is one fallen, never, to rise again in +this world, than another takes his place; and if he also +fall into the sea, which lies in wait to devour him, another +and another succeeds without intermission! In +all the extremities of war there is no example of courage +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">82</a></span> +and intrepidity to exceed this. Happy those ages +which knew not the dreadful fury of artillery!—those +instruments of hell (where, I verily believe, the inventor +is now receiving the reward of his diabolical ingenuity), +by means of which the cowardly and the base +can deprive the bravest soldier of life. While a gallant +spirit animated with heroic ardor is pressing to glory, +comes a chance ball, sent by one who perhaps fled in +alarm at the flash of his own accursed weapon, and in +an instant cuts short the life of him who deserved to +live for ages! When I consider this, I could almost +repent having undertaken this profession of knight-errantry +in so detestable an age; for though no danger +can daunt me, still it gives me some concern to think +that powder and lead may suddenly cut short my career +of glory. But Heaven's will be done! I have this satisfaction, +that I shall acquire the greater fame if I succeed, +inasmuch as the perils by which I am beset are +greater than those to which the knights-errant of past +ages were exposed."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The army is a school in which the miser becomes +generous, and the generous prodigal.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A covetous soldier is a monster which is rarely seen.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Liberality may be carried too far in those who have +children to inherit from them.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>How seldom promises made in slavery are remembered +after a release from bondage.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">83</a></span> +Good fortune seldom comes pure and single, unattended +by some troublesome or unexpected circumstance.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Though we love the treason we abhor the traitor.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>What transport in life can equal that which a man +feels on the restoration of his liberty?</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"The church, the court, or the sea;" as if it more +fully expressed the following advice,—He that would +make his fortune, ought either to dedicate his time to +the church, go to sea as a merchant, or attach himself +to the court: for it is commonly observed, that "the +king's crumb is worth the baron's batch."<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">5</a></p> +<hr class="three" /> +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 6em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet upon the goleta.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">O happy souls, by death at length set free</span> +<span class="i0">From the dark prison of mortality,</span> +<span class="i0">By glorious deeds, whose memory never dies—</span> +<span class="i0">From earth's dim spot exalted to the skies!</span> +<span class="i0">What fury stood in every eye confessed!</span> +<span class="i0">What generous ardor fired each manly breast,</span> +<span class="i0">While slaughtered heaps distained the sandy shore,</span> +<span class="i0">And the tinged ocean blushed with hostile gore!</span> +<span class="i0">O'erpowered by numbers, gloriously ye fell:</span> +<span class="i0">Death only could such matchless courage quell;</span> +<span class="i0">Whilst dying thus ye triumphed o'er your foes—</span> +<span class="i0">Its fame the world, its glory heaven, bestows!</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="three" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">84</a></span></p> +<p><span style="margin-left: 6em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet on the fort.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">From 'midst these walls, whose ruins spread around,</span> +<span class="i0">And scattered clods that heap the ensanguined ground,</span> +<span class="i0">Three thousand souls of warriors, dead in fight,</span> +<span class="i0">To better regions took their happy flight.</span> +<span class="i0">Long with unconquered souls they bravely stood,</span> +<span class="i0">And fearless shed their unavailing blood:</span> +<span class="i0">Till, to superior force compelled to yield,</span> +<span class="i0">Their lives they quitted in the well-fought field.</span> +<span class="i0">This fatal soil has ever been the tomb</span> +<span class="i0">Of slaughtered heroes, buried in its womb:</span> +<span class="i0">Yet braver bodies did it ne'er sustain,</span> +<span class="i0">Nor send more glorious soul the skies to gain.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="three" /> +<p><span style="margin-left: 12em;"><span class="smcap">i.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Tossed in a sea of doubts and fears,</span> +<span class="i1">Love's hapless mariner, I sail,</span> +<span class="i0">Where no inviting port appears,</span> +<span class="i1">To screen me from the stormy gale.</span> +</div></div> +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 12em;"><span class="smcap">ii.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">At distance viewed, a cheering star</span> +<span class="i1">Conducts me through the swelling tide;</span> +<span class="i0">A brighter luminary, far,</span> +<span class="i1">Than Palinurus o'er descried.</span> +</div></div> +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 12em;"><span class="smcap">iii.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">My soul, attracted by its blaze,</span> +<span class="i1">Still follows where it points the way,</span> +<span class="i0">And while attentively I gaze,</span> +<span class="i1">Considers not how far I stray.</span> +</div></div> +<p><span style="margin-left: 12em;"><span class="smcap">iv.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">85</a></span> +<span class="i0">But female pride, reserved and shy,</span> +<span class="i1">Like clouds that deepen on the day,</span> +<span class="i0">Oft shroud it from my longing eye,</span> +<span class="i1">When most I need the genial ray.</span> +</div></div> +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 12em;"><span class="smcap">v.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">O lovely star, so pure and bright!</span> +<span class="i1">Whose splendor feeds my vital fire,</span> +<span class="i0">The moment thou deny'st thy light,</span> +<span class="i1">Thy lost adorer will expire!</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="three" /> +<p><span style="margin-left: 12em;"><span class="smcap">song.</span></span> +</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Unconquered hope, thou bane of fear,</span> +<span class="i1">And last deserter of the brave,</span> +<span class="i0">Thou soothing ease of mortal care,</span> +<span class="i1">Thou traveller beyond the grave;</span> +<span class="i0">Thou soul of patience, airy food,</span> +<span class="i0">Bold warrant of a distant good,</span> +<span class="i1">Reviving cordial, kind decoy;</span> +<span class="i0">Though fortune frowns and friends depart,</span> +<span class="i1">Though Silvia flies me, flattering joy,</span> +<span class="i0">Nor thou, nor love, shall leave my doting heart.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">No slave, to lazy ease resigned,</span> +<span class="i1">E'er triumphed over noble foes;</span> +<span class="i0">The monarch fortune most is kind</span> +<span class="i1">To him who bravely dares oppose.</span> +<span class="i0">They say, Love rates his blessing high,</span> +<span class="i0">But who would prize an easy joy?</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">86</a></span> +<span class="i1">My scornful fair then I'll pursue,</span> +<span class="i0">Though the coy beauty still denies;</span> +<span class="i1">I grovel now on earth, 'tis true,</span> +<span class="i0">But, raised by her, the humble slave may rise.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Might overcomes.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Him to whom God giveth may St. Peter bless.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Diligence is the mother of success, and in many +important causes experience hath shown that the assiduity +of the solicitor hath brought a very doubtful suit +to a very fortunate issue; but the truth of this maxim +is nowhere more evinced than in war, where activity +and despatch anticipate the designs of the enemy, and +obtain the victory before he has time to put himself in +a posture of defence.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The common adage that delays are dangerous acts as +spurs upon the resolution.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There are more tricks in the town than are dreamt +of.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Virtue is always more persecuted by the wicked than +beloved by the righteous.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Virtue is so powerful that of herself she will, in spite +of all the necromancy possessed by the first inventor, +Zoroaster, come off conqueror in every severe trial, and +shine refulgent in the world, as the sun shines in the +heavens.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">87</a></span> +Fables should not be composed to outrage the understanding; +but by making the wonderful appear possible, +and creating in the mind a pleasing interest, they may +both surprise and entertain; which cannot be effected +where no regard is paid to probability. I have never yet +found a regular, well-connected fable in any of our books +of chivalry—they are all inconsistent and monstrous; +the style is generally bad; and they abound with incredible +exploits, lascivious amours, absurd sentiment, and +miraculous adventures; in short, they should be banished +every Christian country.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Just are virtue's fears where envy domineers.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Bounty will not stay where niggards bear the sway.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Fortune turns faster than a mill-wheel, and those who +were yesterday at top, may find themselves at bottom +to-day.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Every one is the son of his own works.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The mind receives pleasure from the beauty and consistency +of what is presented to the imagination, not +from that which is incongruous and unnatural.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Fiction is always the better the nearer it resembles +truth, and agreeable in proportion to the probability it +bears and the doubtful credit which it inspires. Wherefore, +all such fables ought to be suited to the understanding +of those who read them, and written so as +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">88</a></span> +that, by softening impossibilities, smoothing what is +rough, and keeping the mind in suspense, they may surprise, +agreeably perplex, and entertain, creating equal +admiration and delight; and these never can be excited +by authors who forsake probability and imitation, in +which the perfection of writing consists.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Epics may be written in prose as well as verse.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>To assert that there never was an Amadis in the +world, nor any other of the knights-adventurers of whom +so many records remain, is to say that the sun does not +enlighten, the frost produce cold, nor the earth yield +sustenance.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The approbation of the judicious few should far outweigh** +the censure of the ignorant.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>An author had better be applauded by the few that +are wise, than laughed at by the many that are foolish.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Our modern plays, not only those which are formed +upon fiction, but likewise such as are founded on the +truth of history, are all, or the greatest part, universally +known to be monstrous productions, without either head +or tail, and yet received with pleasure by the multitude, +who approve and esteem them as excellent performances, +though they are far from deserving that title; and if +the authors who compose, and the actors who represent +them, affirm that this and no other method is to be practised, +because the multitude must be pleased; that +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">89</a></span> +those which bear the marks of contrivance, and produce +a fable digested according to the rules of art, serve +only for entertainment to four or five people of taste, +who discern the beauties of the plan, which utterly escape +the rest of the audience; and that it is better for +them to gain a comfortable livelihood by the many, than +starve upon reputation with the few; at this rate, said +I, if I should finish my book, after having scorched +every hair in my whiskers in poring over it, to preserve +those rules and precepts already mentioned, I +might fare at last like the sagacious botcher, who sewed +for nothing and found his customers in thread.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>It is not a sufficient excuse to say that the object in +permitting theatrical exhibitions being chiefly to provide +innocent recreation for the people, it is unnecessary +to limit and restrain the dramatic author within strict +rules of composition; for I affirm that the same object +is, beyond all comparison, more effectually attained by +legitimate works. The spectator of a good drama is +amused, admonished, and improved by what is diverting, +affecting, and moral in the representation; he is +cautioned against deceit, corrected by example, incensed +against vice, stimulated to the love of virtue.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Comedy, according to Tully, ought to be the mirror +of life, the exemplar of manners, and picture of truth; +whereas those that are represented in this age are mirrors +of absurdity, exemplars of folly, and pictures of +lewdness; for sure, nothing can be more absurd in a +dramatic performance, than to see the person, who, in +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">90</a></span> +the first scene of the first act, was produced a child in +swaddling-clothes, appear a full-grown man with a +beard in the second; or to represent an old man active +and valiant, a young soldier cowardly, a footman eloquent, +a page a counsellor, a king a porter, and a +princess a scullion. Then what shall we say concerning +their management of the time and place in which +the actions have, or may be supposed to have happened? +I have seen a comedy, the first act of which was laid +in Europe, the second in Asia, and the third was finished +in Africa; nay, had there been a fourth, the +scene would have shifted to America, so that the fable +would have travelled through all the four divisions of the +globe. If imitation be the chief aim of comedy, how +can any ordinary understanding be satisfied with seeing +an action that passed in the time of King Pepin +and Charlemagne, ascribed to the Emperor Heraclius, +who, being the principal personage, is represented, +like Godfrey of Boulogne, carrying the cross into Jerusalem, +and making himself master of the holy sepulchre, +an infinite number of years having passed +between the one and the other? Or, when a comedy +is founded upon fiction, to see scraps of real history +introduced, and facts misrepresented both with regard +to persons and times, not with any ingenuity of contrivance, +but with the most manifest and inexcusable +errors and stupidity; and what is worst of all, there is +a set of ignorant pretenders who call this the perfection +of writing, and that every attempt to succeed +by a contrary method is no other than a wild-goose +chase.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">91</a></span> +The bow cannot remain always bent; and relaxation, +both of body and mind, is indispensable to all.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Can you deny what is in everybody's mouth, when a +person is in the dumps? It is always then said, "I +know not what such a one ails—he neither eats, nor +drinks, nor sleeps, nor answers to the purpose, like +other men—surely he is enchanted." Wherefore, it +is clear that such, and such only, are enchanted who +neither eat, nor drink, nor sleep, and not they who eat +and drink when they can get it, and answer properly +to all that is asked them.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The poor man is unable to exercise the virtue of +liberality; and the gratitude which consists only in +inclination is a dead thing, even as faith without works +is dead. I shall, therefore, rejoice when fortune presents +me with an opportunity of exalting myself, that +I may show my heart in conferring benefits on my +friends, especially on poor Sancho Panza here, my +squire, who is one of the best men in the world; and +I would fain bestow on him an earldom, as I have long +since promised; although I am somewhat in doubt of +his ability in the government of his estate.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Sancho, overhearing his master's last words, said: +"Take you the trouble, Signor Don Quixote, to procure +me that same earldom, which your worship has so +often promised, and I have been so long waiting for, +and you shall see that I shall not want ability to govern +it. But even if I should, there are people, I have +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">92</a></span> +heard say, who farm these lordships; and paying the +owners so much a year, take upon themselves the government +of the whole, while his lordship lolls at his +ease, enjoying his estate, without concerning himself +any further about it. Just so will I do, and give myself +no more trouble than needs mast, but enjoy myself +like any duke, and let the world rub."</p> + +<p>"This, brother Sancho," said the canon, "may be +done, as far as regards the management of your revenue; +but the administration of justice must be attended +to by the lord himself, and requires capacity, +judgment, and, above all, an upright intention, without +which nothing prospers; for Heaven assists the +good intent of the simple, and disappoints the evil designs +of the cunning."</p> + +<p>"I do not understand these philosophies," answered +Sancho; "all that I know is, that I wish I may as +surely have the earldom as I should know how to govern +it; for I have as large a soul as another, and as +large a body as the best of them; and I should be as +much king of my own dominion as any other king; +would do what I pleased; and, doing what I pleased, I +should have my will; and having my will, I should be +contented; and, being content, there is no more to be +desired; and when there is no more to desire, there is +an end of it."</p> + +<p>"These are no bad philosophies, as you say, Sancho," +quoth the canon; "nevertheless, there is a great deal +more to be said upon the subject of earldoms."</p> + +<p>"That may be," observed Don Quixote; "but I am +guided by the numerous examples offered on this subject +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">93</a></span> +by knights of my own profession; who, in compensation +for the loyal and signal services they had received +from their squires, conferred upon them extraordinary +favors, making them absolute lords of cities and islands: +indeed, there was one whose services were so great that +he had the presumption to accept of a kingdom. But +why should I say more, when before me is the bright +example of the great Amadis de Gaul, who made his +squire knight of the Firm Island? Surely I may, +therefore, without scruple of conscience, make an earl +of Sancho Panza, who is one of the best squires that +ever served knight-errant."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The mountains breed learned men, and the cottages +of shepherds contain philosophers.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Upon the news of Don Quixote's arrival, Sancho +Panza's wife repaired thither, and on meeting him, her +first inquiry was whether the ass had come home well.</p> + +<p>Sancho told her that he was in a better condition than +his master.</p> + +<p>"The Lord be praised," replied she, "for so great a +mercy to me! But tell me, husband,** what good have +you got by your squireship? Have you brought a petticoat +home for me, and shoes for your children?"</p> + +<p>"I have brought you nothing of that sort, dear wife," +quoth Sancho; "but I have got other things of greater +consequence."</p> + +<p>"I am very glad of that," answered the wife, "pray +show me your things of greater consequence, friend; +for I would fain see them, to gladden my heart, which +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">94</a></span> +has been so sad, all the long time you have been +away."</p> + +<p>"You shall see them at home, wife," quoth Sancho, +"and be satisfied at present; for if it please God that we +make another sally in quest of adventures, you will soon +see me an earl or governor of an island, and no common +one either, but one of the best that is to be had."</p> + +<p>"Grant Heaven it may be so, husband," quoth the +wife, "for we have need enough of it. But pray tell +me what you mean by islands; for I do not understand +you."</p> + +<p>"Honey is not for the mouth of an ass," answered +Sancho: "in good time, wife, you shall see, yea, and +admire to hear yourself styled ladyship by all your +vassals."</p> + +<p>"What do you mean, Sancho, by ladyship, islands, +and vassals?" answered Teresa Panza; for that was +Sancho's wife's name, though they were not of kin, but +because it is the custom in La Mancha for the wife to +take the husband's name.</p> + +<p>"Be not in so much haste, Teresa, to know all this," +said Sancho; "let it suffice that I tell you the truth, and +sew up your mouth. But for the present know that +there is nothing in the world so pleasant to an honest +man, as to be squire to a knight-errant, and seeker of +adventures. It is true indeed, most of them are not so +much to a man's mind as he could wish; for ninety-nine +of a hundred one meets with fall out cross and +unlucky. This I know by experience; for I have sometimes +come off tossed in a blanket, and sometimes well +cudgelled. Yet, for all that, it is a fine thing to be in expectation +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">95</a></span> +of accidents, traversing mountains, searching +woods, marching over rocks, visiting castles, lodging in +inns, all at discretion, and the devil a farthing to pay."</p> + +<p>Fame has preserved in the memoirs of La Mancha, +that Don Quixote, the third time he sallied from home, +went to Saragossa, where he was present at a famous +tournament in that city, and that there befell him things +worthy of his valor and good understanding. Nor would +the chronicler have learned any thing concerning his death +had he not fortunately become acquainted with an aged +physician, who had in his custody a leaden box, found, +as he said, under the ruins of an ancient hermitage then +rebuilding: in which box was found a manuscript of +parchment written in Gothic characters, but in Castilian +verse, containing many of his exploits, and giving an +account of the beauty of Dulcinea del Toboso, the figure +of Rozinante, the fidelity of Sancho Panza, and the +burial of Don Quixote himself, with several epitaphs +and eulogies on his life and manners. All that could +be read, and perfectly made out, were those inserted +here by the faithful author of this strange and never-before-seen +history; which author desires no other reward +from those who shall read it, in recompense of the +vast pains it has cost him to inquire into and search all +the archives of La Mancha to bring it to light, but that +they would afford him the same credit that ingenious +people give to books of knight-errantry, which are so +well received in the world; and herewith he will reckon +himself well paid, and will rest satisfied; and will moreover +be encouraged to seek and find out others, if not +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">96</a></span> +as true, at least of as much invention and entertainment. +The first words, written in the parchment which +was found in the leaden box, were these:—</p> + +<div class="center2"><span class="smcap">The Academicians of Argamasilla,<br /> +A Town of la Mancha,<br /> +On the Life and Death of the Valorous<br /> +Don Quixote de la Mancha,<br /> +Hoc scripserunt.</span></div> + +<hr class="hr" /> +<div class="center2"><small><i>Monicongo, Academician of Argamasilla, on the Sepulture of +Don Quixote.</i></small></div> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">epitaph.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">La Mancha's thunderbolt of war,</span> +<span class="i1">The sharpest wit and loftiest muse,</span> +<span class="i0">The arm which from Gaëta far</span> +<span class="i1">To Catai did its force diffuse;</span> +<span class="i0">He who, through love and valor's fire,</span> +<span class="i1">Outstripped great Amadis's fame</span> +<span class="i0">Bid warlike Galaor retire,</span> +<span class="i1">And silenced Belianis' name:</span> +<span class="i0">He who, with helmet, sword, and shield,</span> +<span class="i1">On Rozinante, steed well known,</span> +<span class="i0">Adventures fought in many a field,</span> +<span class="i1">Lies underneath this frozen stone.</span> +</div> +</div> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><small><i>Paniaguado, Academician of Argamasilla, in praise of Dulcinea +Del Toboso.</i></small></div> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">She whom you see the plump and lusty dame,</span> +<span class="i1">With high erected chest and vigorous mien,</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">97</a></span> +<span class="i0">Was erst th' enamored knight Don Quixote's flame,</span> +<span class="i1">he fair Dulcinea, of Toboso, queen.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">For her, armed cap-à-pie with sword and shield,</span> +<span class="i1">He trod the sable mountain o'er and o'er;</span> +<span class="i0">For her he traversed Montiel's well-known field,</span> +<span class="i1">And in her service toils unnumbered bore.</span> +<span class="i0">Hard fate! that death should crop so fine a flower!</span> +<span class="i0">And love o'er such a knight exert his tyrant power!</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><small><i>Caprichoso, a most ingenious Academician of Argamasilla, in +praise of Don Quixote's Horse Rozinante.</i></small></div> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i1">On the aspiring adamantine trunk</span> +<span class="i0">Of a huge tree, whose root, with slaughter drunk</span> +<span class="i0">Sends forth a scent of war, La Mancha's knight,</span> +<span class="i0">Frantic with valor, and returned from fight,</span> +<span class="i0">His bloody standard trembling in the air,</span> +<span class="i0">Hangs up his glittering armor beaming far,</span> +<span class="i0">With that fine-tempered steel whose edge o'erthrows,</span> +<span class="i0">Hacks, hews, confounds, and routs opposing foes.</span> +<span class="i0">Unheard-of prowess! and unheard-of verse!</span> +<span class="i0">But art new strains invents, new glories to rehearse.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i1">If Amadis to Grecia gives renown,</span> +<span class="i0">Much more her chief does fierce Bellona crown.</span> +<span class="i0">Prizing La Mancha more than Gaul or Greece,</span> +<span class="i0">As Quixote triumphs over Amadis.</span> +<span class="i0">Oblivion ne'er shall shroud his glorious name,</span> +<span class="i0">Whose very horse stands up to challenge fame!</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">98</a></span> +<span class="i0">Illustrious Rozinante, wondrous steed!</span> +<span class="i0">Not with more generous pride or mettled speed,</span> +<span class="i0">Or his mad lord, Orlando's Brilladore.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><small><i>Burlador, the little Academician of Argamasilla, on Sancho Panza.</i></small></div> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">See Sancho Panza, view him well,</span> +<span class="i0">And let this verse his praises tell.</span> +<span class="i0">His body was but small, 'tis true,</span> +<span class="i0">Yet had a soul as large as two.</span> +<span class="i0">No guile he knew, like some before him</span> +<span class="i0">But simple as his mother bore him.</span> +<span class="i0">This gentle squire on gentle ass</span> +<span class="i0">Went gentle Rozinante's pace,</span> +<span class="i0">Following his lord from place to place.</span> +<span class="i0">To be an earl he did aspire,</span> +<span class="i0">And reason good for such desire;</span> +<span class="i0">But worth in these ungrateful times,</span> +<span class="i0">To envied honor seldom climbs.</span> +<span class="i0">Vain mortals! give your wishes o'er,</span> +<span class="i0">And trust the flatterer Hope no more,</span> +<span class="i0">Whose promises, whate'er they seem,</span> +<span class="i0">End in a shadow or a dream.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><small><i>Cachidiablo, Academician of Argamasilla, on the Sepulture of +Don Quixote.</i></small></div> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">epitaph.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Here lies an evil-errant knight,</span> +<span class="i1">Well bruised in many a fray,</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">99</a></span> +<span class="i0">Whose courser, Rozinante hight,</span> +<span class="i1">Long bore him many a way.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Close by his loving master's side</span> +<span class="i1">Lies booby Sancho Panza,</span> +<span class="i0">A trusty squire of courage tried,</span> +<span class="i1">And true as ever man saw.</span> +</div></div> + +<hr class="two" /> + +<div class="center"><small><i>Tiquitoc, Academician of Argamasilla, on the sepulture of Dulcinea +del Toboso.</i></small></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Dulcinea, fat and fleshy, lies</span> +<span class="i1">Beneath this frozen stone;</span> +<span class="i0">But, since to frightful death a prize,</span> +<span class="i1">Reduced to skin and bone.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Of goodly parentage she came,</span> +<span class="i1">And had the lady in her;</span> +<span class="i0">She was the great Don Quixote's flame,</span> +<span class="i1">But only death could win her.</span> +</div></div> + +<p>These were all the verses that could be read: the rest, +the characters being worm-eaten, were consigned to one +of the Academicians, to find out their meaning by conjectures. +We are informed he has done it, after many +lucubrations and much pains, and that he designs to +publish them, giving us hopes of Don Quixote's third +sally.</p> + +<div class="center2">"Forsi altro cantara con miglior plectro."</div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The noble mind may be clouded by adversity, but +cannot be wholly concealed; for true merit shines by a +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">100</a></span> +light of its own, and, glimmering through the rents +and crannies of indigence, is perceived, respected, and +honored by the generous and the great.</p> + + + +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">a short story of what happened once in +seville.</span></div> + +<p>A certain man, being deranged in his intellects, +was placed by his relations in the mad-house of Seville. +He had taken his degrees in the canon law at Ossuna; +but had it been at Salamanca, many are of opinion he +would, nevertheless, have been mad. This graduate, +after some years' confinement, took into his head that +he was quite in his right senses, and therefore wrote +to the archbishop, beseeching him, with great earnestness +and apparently with much reason, that he would +be pleased to deliver him from that miserable state of +confinement in which he lived; since, through the +mercy of God, he had regained his senses; adding that +his relations, in order to enjoy part of his estate, kept +him still there, and, in spite of the clearest evidence, +would insist upon his being mad as long as he lived.</p> + +<p>The archbishop, prevailed upon by the many sensible +epistles he received from him, sent one of his chaplains +to the keeper of the mad-house to inquire into the +truth of what the licentiate had alleged, and also to +talk with him, and if it appeared that he was in his +senses, to set him at liberty. The chaplain accordingly +went to the rector, who assured him that the man +was still insane, for though he sometimes talked very +sensibly, it was seldom for any length of time without +betraying his derangement; as he would certainly find +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">101</a></span> +on conversing with him. The chaplain determined to +make the trial, and during the conversation of more +than an hour, could perceive no symptom of incoherence +in his discourse; on the contrary, he spoke with +so much sedateness and judgment that the chaplain +could not entertain a doubt of the sanity of his intellects. +Among other things he assured him that the +keeper was bribed by his relations to persist in reporting +him to be deranged; so that his large estate was +his great misfortune, to enjoy which his enemies had +recourse to fraud, and pretended to doubt of the +mercy of Heaven in restoring him from the condition +of a brute to that of a man. In short, he talked so +plausibly that he made the rector appear venal and +corrupt, his relations unnatural, and himself so discreet +that the chaplain determined to take him immediately +to the archbishop, that he might be satisfied he +had done right.</p> + +<p>With this resolution the good chaplain desired the +keeper of the house to restore to him the clothes which he +wore when he was first put under his care. The keeper +again desired him to beware what he did, since he +might be assured that the licentiate was still insane; +but the chaplain was not to be moved either by his cautions +or entreaties; and as he acted by order of the +archbishop, the keeper was compelled to obey him. +The licentiate put on his new clothes, and now, finding +himself rid of his lunatic attire, and habited like a +rational creature, he entreated the chaplain, for charity's +sake, to permit him to take leave of his late companions +in affliction. Being desirous of seeing the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">102</a></span> +lunatics who were confined in that house, the chaplain, +with several other persons, followed him upstairs, and +heard him accost a man who lay stretched in his cell +outrageously mad; though just then composed and +quiet. "Brother," said he to him, "have you any +commands for me? for I am going to return to my own +house, God having been pleased, of His infinite goodness +and mercy, without any desert of mine, to restore +me to my senses. I am now sound and well, for with +God nothing is impossible; put your whole trust and +confidence in Him, and he will doubtless restore you +also. I will take care to send you some choice food; +and fail not to eat it: for I have reason to believe, +from my own experience, that all our distraction proceeds +from empty stomachs, and brains filled with +wind. Take heart, then, my friend, take heart; for +despondence under misfortune impairs our health, and +hastens our death."</p> + +<p>This discourse was overheard by another madman, +who was in an opposite cell; and raising himself up +from an old mat, whereon he had thrown himself stark +naked, he demanded aloud, who it was that was going +away recovered and in his senses.</p> + +<p>"It is I, brother," answered the licentiate, "that am +going; for I need stay no longer here, and am infinitely +thankful to heaven for having bestowed so great a blessing +upon me."</p> + +<p>"Take heed, licentiate, what you say, let not the devil +delude you," replied the madman; "stir not a foot, but +keep where you are, and you will spare yourself the +trouble of being brought back."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">103</a></span> +"I know," replied the licentiate, "that I am perfectly +well, and shall have no more occasion to visit the +station churches."<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">6</a></p> + +<p>"You well?" said the madman; "we shall soon see +that; farewell! but I swear by Jupiter, whose majesty +I represent on earth, that for this offence alone, which +Seville is now committing, in carrying you out of this +house, and judging you to be in your senses, I am determined +to inflict such a signal punishment on this +city, that the memory thereof shall endure for ever and +ever, Amen. Know you not, little crazed licentiate, +that I can do it, since, as I say, I am thundering +Jupiter, who hold in my hands the flaming bolts, with +which I can, and use, to threaten and destroy the +world? But in one thing only will I chastise this ignorant +people; and that is, there shall no rain fall on +this town, or in all its district, for three whole years, +reckoning from the day and hour in which this threatening +is denounced. You at liberty, you recovered, +and in your right senses! and I a madman, I distempered +and in bonds! I will no more rain than I will +hang myself."</p> + +<p>All the bystanders were very attentive to the madman's +discourse: but our licentiate, turning himself +to our chaplain, and holding him by both hands, said +to him: "Be in no pain, good sir, nor make any +account of what this madman has said; for, if he is +Jupiter and will not rain, I, who am Neptune, the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">104</a></span> +father and the god of the waters, will rain as often as I +please, and whenever there shall be occasion." To +which the chaplain answered: "However, signor Neptune, +it will not be convenient at present to provoke +signor Jupiter; therefore, pray stay where you are; +for, some other time, when we have a better opportunity +and more leisure, we will come for you." The rector +and the bystanders laughed; which put the chaplain +half out of countenance. They disrobed the licentiate, +who remained where he was; and there is an end of +the story.</p> + +<hr class="two" /> +<p>True valor lies in the middle, between the extremes of +cowardice and rashness.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>No padlocks, bolts, or bars can secure a maiden so well as +her own reserve.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Honey is not for the mouth of an ass.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He must be blind, indeed, who cannot see through a sieve.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Comparisons, whether as to sense, courage, beauty, or rank, +are always offensive.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Scruples of conscience afford no peace.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>You have reckoned without your host.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>When the head aches, all the members ache also.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">105</a></span> +<i>Me pondra en la espina de Santa Lucia</i>;—<i>i. e.</i>, Will put +me on St. Lucia's thorn; applicable to any uneasy situation.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Let every man lay his hand upon his heart, and not take +white for black, nor black for white; for we are all as God +made us, and oftentimes a great deal worse.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"First and foremost, then," said Sancho, "the common +people take your worship for a downright madman, +and me for no less a fool. The gentry say that, not +content to keep to your own proper rank of a gentleman, +you call yourself Don, and set up for a knight, +with no more than a paltry vineyard and a couple of +acres of land. The cavaliers say they do not choose to +be vied with by those country squires who clout their +shoes, and take up the fallen stitches of their black +stockings with green silk."</p> + +<p>"That," said Don Quixote, "is no reflection upon +me; for I always go well clad, and my apparel is never +patched; a little torn it may be, but more by the fretting +of my armor than by time."</p> + +<p>"As to your valor, courtesy, achievements, and undertakings," +continued Sancho, "there are many different +opinions. Some say you are mad, but humorous; +others, valiant, but unfortunate; others, courteous, but +absurd; and thus they pull us to pieces, till they leave +neither your worship nor me a single feather upon our +backs."</p> + +<p>"Take notice, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "that, +when virtue exists in an eminent degree, it is always +persecuted."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">106</a></span> +"There cannot be a more legitimate source of gratification +to a virtuous and distinguished man," said Don +Quixote, "than to have his good name celebrated during +his lifetime, and circulated over different nations; +I say his good name, for if it were otherwise than good, +death in any shape would be preferable."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>To be represented otherwise than with approbation is worse +than the worst of deaths.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There are as many different opinions as there are different +tastes.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><i>Pedir cotufas en el golfo</i>, signifies to look for truffles +in the sea, a proverb applicable to those who are too +sanguine in their expectations and unreasonable in their +desires.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"There is no necessity for recording actions which are +prejudicial to the hero, without being essential to the +history. It is not to be supposed that Æneas was in all his +actions so pure as Virgil represents him, nor Ulysses so +uniformly prudent as he is described by Homer."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"True," replied Sampson; "but it is one thing to +write as a poet, and another to write as an historian. +The poet may say or sing, not as things were, but as +they ought to have been; but the historian must pen +them not as they ought to have been, but as they really +were, without adding to or diminishing aught from the +truth."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">107</a></span> +There is no human history that, does not contain reverses of +fortune.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Let every man take care how he speaks or writes of honest +people, and not set down at a venture the first thing that +comes uppermost.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"Sancho, thou art an arch rogue," replied Don Quixote, +"and in faith, upon some occasions, hast no want +of memory."</p> + +<p>"Though I wanted ever so much to forget what my +poor body has suffered," quoth Sancho, "the tokens +that are still fresh on my ribs would not let me."</p> + +<p>"Peace, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and let signor +bachelor proceed, that I may know what is further said +of me in the history."</p> + +<p>"And of me too," quoth Sancho, "for I hear that I +am one of the principal parsons in it."</p> + +<p>"Persons, not parsons, friend Sancho," quoth +Sampson.</p> + +<p>"What, have we another corrector of words?" quoth +Sancho; "if we are to go on at this rate, we shall make +slow work of it."</p> + +<p>"As sure as I live, Sancho," answered the bachelor, +"you are the second person of the history; nay, there +are those who had rather hear you talk than the finest +fellow of them all; though there are also some who +charge you with being too credulous in expecting the +government of that island promised you by Signor Don +Quixote, here present."</p> + +<p>"There is still sunshine on the wall," quoth Don +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">108</a></span> +Quixote; "and when Sancho is more advanced in age, +with the experience that years bestow, he will be better +qualified to be a governor than he is at present."</p> + +<p>"'Fore Gad! sir," quoth Sancho, "if I am not fit +to govern an island at these years, I shall be no better, +able at the age of Methusalem. The mischief of it is, +that the said island sticks somewhere else, and not in +my want of a headpiece to govern it."</p> + +<p>"Recommend the matter to God, Sancho," said Don +Quixote, "and all will be well—perhaps better than +thou mayst think; for not a leaf stirs on the tree without +his permission."</p> + +<p>"That is very true," quoth Sampson; "and if it +please God, Sancho will not want a thousand islands to +govern, much less one."</p> + +<p>"I have seen governors ere now," quoth Sancho, +"who, in my opinion, do not come up to the sole of my +shoe; and yet they are called 'your lordship,' and eat +their victuals upon plate."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>With hay or with straw it is all the same.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Much knowledge and a mature understanding are requisite for +an historian.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Wit and humor belong to genius alone.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The wittiest person in the comedy is he that plays the fool.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>History is a sacred subject, because the soul of it is +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">109</a></span> +truth; and where truth is, there the divinity will reside; +yet there are some who compose and cast off books as if they +were tossing up a dish of pancakes.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There is no book so bad but something good may be +found in it.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Printed works may be read leisurely, their defects +easily seen, so they are scrutinized more or less strictly +in proportion to the celebrity of the author.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"Men of great talents, whether poets or historians, +seldom escape the attacks of those who, without ever +favoring the world with any production of their own, +take delight in criticising the works of others."</p> + +<p>"Nor can we wonder at that," said Don Quixote, +"when we observe the same practice among divines, +who, though dull enough in the pulpit themselves, are +wonderfully sharp-sighted in discovering the defects of +other preachers."</p> + +<p>"True, indeed, Signor Don Quixote," said Carrasco; +"I wish critics would be less fastidious, nor dwell so +much upon the motes which may be discerned even in +the brightest works; for, though <i>aliquando bonus dormitat +Homerus</i>, they ought to consider how much he was +awake to produce a work with so much light and so +little shade; nay, perhaps even his seeming blemishes +are like moles, which are sometimes thought to be +rather an improvement to beauty. But it cannot be +denied that whoever publishes a book to the world, exposes +himself to imminent peril, since, of all things, +nothing is more impossible than to satisfy everybody. +Above all, I would let my master know that, if he takes +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">110</a></span> +me with him, it must be upon condition that he shall +battle it all himself, and that I shall only have to tend +his person—I mean, look after his clothes and food; +all which I will do with a hearty good-will; but if he +expects I will lay hand to my sword, though it be only +against beggarly wood-cutters with hooks and hatchets, +he is very much mistaken. I, Signor Sampson, do not +set up for being the most valiant, but the best and most +faithful squire that ever served knight-errant; and if +my lord Don Quixote, in consideration of my many and +good services, shall please to bestow on me some one +of the many islands his worship says he shall light upon, +I shall be much beholden to him for the favor; and if +he give me none, here I am, and it is better to trust +God than each other; and mayhap my government +bread might not go down so sweet as that which I +should eat without it; and how? do I know but the devil, +in one of these governments, might set up a stumbling-block +in my way, over which I might fall, and dash out +my grinders? Sancho I was born, and Sancho I expect +to die; yet for all that, if, fairly and squarely, without +much care or much risk, Heaven should chance to throw +an island, or some such thing, in my way, I am not +such a fool neither as to refuse it; for, as the saying +is, 'when the heifer is offered, be ready with the rope.'"</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>When good fortune knocks, make haste to bid her +welcome.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"Brother Sancho," quoth the bachelor, "you have +spoken like any professor; nevertheless, trust in Heaven +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">111</a></span> +and Signor Don Quixote, and then you may get not +only an island but even a kingdom."</p> + +<p>"One as likely as the other," answered Sancho, +"though I could tell Signor Carrasco that my master +will not throw the kingdom he gives me into a rotten +sack; for I have felt my pulse, and find myself strong +enough to rule kingdoms and govern islands; and so +much I have signified before now to my master."</p> + +<p>"Take heed, Sancho," quoth the bachelor, "for +honors change manners; and it may come to pass, +when you are a governor, that you may not know even +your own mother."</p> + +<p>"That," answered Sancho, "may be the case with +those that are born among the mallows, but not with +one whose soul, like mine, is covered four inches thick +with the grace of an old Christian. No, no, I am not +one of the ungrateful sort."</p> + +<p>"Heaven grant it," said Don Quixote; "but we +shall see when the government comes, and methinks +I have it already in my eye."</p> + +<p>Sancho went home in such high spirits that his wife +observed his gayety a bow-shot off, insomuch that she +could not help saying, "What makes you look so +blithe, friend Sancho?"</p> + +<p>To which he answered: "Would to Heaven, dear +wife, I were not so well pleased as I seem to be!"</p> + +<p>"I know not what you mean, husband," replied she, +"by saying you wish you were not so much pleased; +now, silly as I am, I cannot guess how any one can +desire not to be pleased."</p> + +<p>"Look you, Teresa," answered Sancho, "I am thus +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">112</a></span> +merry because I am about to return to the service of +my master, Don Quixote, who is going again in search +after adventures, and I am to accompany him, for so +my fate wills it. Besides, I am merry with the hopes +of finding another hundred crowns like those we have +spent, though it grieves me to part from you and my +children; and if Heaven would be pleased to give me +bread, dryshod and at home, without dragging me over +crags and cross-paths, it is plain that my joy would be +better grounded, since it is now mingled with sorrow +for leaving you; so that I was right in saying that I +should be glad if it pleased Heaven I were not so Well +pleased."</p> + +<p>"Look you, Sancho," replied Teresa, "ever since +you have been a knight-errant man you talk in such a +roundabout manner that nobody can understand you."</p> + +<p>"It is enough, wife," said Sancho, "that God understands +me, for He is the understander of all things; +and so much for that. And do you hear, wife, it behooves +you to take special care of Dapple for these +three or four days to come, that he may be in a condition +to bear arms; so double his allowance, and get the +pack-saddle in order and the rest of his tackling, for +we are not going to a wedding, but to roam about the +world and to give and take with giants, fiery dragons, +and goblins, and to hear hissings, roarings, bellowings, +and bleatings, all which would be but flowers of lavender +if we had not to do with Yangueses and enchanted +Moors."</p> + +<p>"I believe, indeed, husband," replied Teresa, "that +your squires-errant do not eat their bread for nothing, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">113</a></span> +and therefore I shall not fail to beseech Heaven to deliver +you speedily from so much evil hap."</p> + +<p>"I tell you, wife," answered Sancho, "that did I +not expect, ere long, to see myself governor of an island, +I vow I should drop down dead upon the spot."</p> + +<p>"Not so, good husband," quoth Teresa, "let the hen +live, though it be with the pip. Do you live, and the +devil take all the governments in the world! Without +a government you came into the world, without a government +you have lived till now, and without it you can +be carried to your grave whenever it shall please God. +How many folks are there in the world that have no +government! and yet they live and are reckoned among +the people. The best sauce in the world is hunger, and +as that is never wanting to the poor, they always eat +with a relish. But if, perchance, Sancho, you should +get a government, do not forget me and your children. +Consider that your son Sancho is just fifteen years old, +and it is fit he should go to school if his uncle the abbot +means to breed him up to the church. Consider, also, +that Mary Sancha, your daughter, will not break her +heart if we marry her; for I am mistaken if she has +not as much mind to a husband as you have to a government. +And verily say I, better a daughter but +humbly married than highly kept."</p> + +<p>"In good faith, dear wife," said Sancho, "if Heaven +be so good to me that I get anything like a government, +I will match Mary Sancha so highly that there will be +no coming near her without calling her your ladyship."</p> + +<p>"Not so, Sancho," answered Teresa, "the best way +is to marry her to her equal; for if you lift her from +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">114</a></span> +clouted shoes to high heels, and instead of her russet +coat of fourteenpenny stuff, give her a farthingale and +petticoats of silk, and instead of plain Molly and thou +she be called madam and your ladyship, the girl will +not know where she is and will fall into a thousand +mistakes at every step, showing her homespun country +stuff."</p> + +<p>"Peace, fool!" quoth Sancho, "she has only to +practise two or three years and the gravity will set +upon her as if it were made for her; and if not, what +matters it? Let her be a lady, and come of it what +will."</p> + +<p>"Measure yourself by your condition, Sancho," +answered Teresa, "and do not seek to raise yourself +higher, but remember the proverb, 'Wipe your neighbor's +son's nose and take him into your house.' It +would be a pretty business, truly, to marry our Mary +to some great count or knight, who, when the fancy +takes him, would look upon her as some strange thing, +and be calling her country-wench, clod-breaker's brat, +and I know not what else. No, not while I live, husband; +I have not brought up my child to be so used. +Do you provide money, Sancho, and leave the matching +of her to my care; for there is Lope Tocho, John +Tocho's son, a lusty, hale young man, whom we know, +and I am sure he has a sneaking kindness for the girl. +To him she will be very well married, considering he is +our equal, and will be always under our eye; and we +shall be all as one, parents and children, grandsons and +sons-in-law, and so the peace and blessing of Heaven +will be among us all; and do not you be for marrying +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">115</a></span> +her at your courts and great palaces, where they will +neither understand her nor she understand herself."</p> + +<p>"Hark you, beast, and wife for Barabbas," replied +Sancho, "why would you now, without rhyme or reason, +hinder me from marrying my daughter with one +who may bring me grandchildren that may be styled +your lordships? Look you, Teresa, I have always +heard my betters say, 'He that will not when he may, +when he will he shall have nay'; and it would be wrong, +now that fortune is knocking at our door, not to open +it and bid her welcome. Let us spread our sail to the +favorable gale, now that it blows.' ... Can't you perceive, +animal, with half an eye," proceeded Sancho, +"that I shall act wisely, in devoting this body of mine +to some beneficial government that will lift us out of +the dirt, and enable me to match Mary Sancha according +to my own good pleasure; then wilt thou hear thyself +called Donna Teresa Panza, and find thyself seated +at church upon carpets, cushions, and tapestry, in despite +and defiance of all the small gentry in the parish; +and not be always in the same moping circumstances, +without increase or diminution, like a picture in the +hangings. But no more of this; Sanchica shall be a +countess, though thou shouldst cry thy heart out."</p> + +<p>"Look before you leap, husband," answered Teresa; +"after all, I wish to God this quality of my daughter +may not be the cause of her perdition; take your own +way, and make her duchess or princess, or what you +please; but I'll assure you it shall never be with my +consent or good-will; I was always a lover of equality, +my dear, and can't bear to see people hold their heads +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">116</a></span> +high without reason. Teresa was I christened, a bare +and simple name, without the addition, garniture, and +embroidery of Don or Donna; my father's name is +Cascajo, and mine, as being your spouse, Teresa Panza, +though by rights I should be called Teresa Cascajo; but +as the king minds, the law binds; and with that name +am I contented, though it be not burdened with a Don, +which weighs so heavy that I should not be able to bear +it. Neither will I put it in the power of those who see +me dressed like a countess or governor's lady, to say: +'Mind Mrs. Porkfeeder, how proud she looks! it was +but yesterday she toiled hard at the distaff, and went to +mass with the tail of her gown about her head, instead +of a veil; but now, forsooth, she has got her fine farthingales +and jewels, and holds up her head as if we +did not know her.' If God preserves me in my seven +or five senses, or as many as they be, I shall never bring +myself into such a quandary. As for your part, spouse, +you may go to your governments and islands, and be as +proud as a peacock; but as for my daughter and me, +by the life of my father! we will not stir one step from +the village; for, the wife that deserves a good name, +stays at home as if she were lame; and the maid must +be still a-doing, that hopes to see the men come awooing."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He that covers, discovers.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The poor man is scarcely looked at, while every eye +is turned upon the rich; and if the poor man grows +rich and great, then I warrant you there is work enough +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">117</a></span> +for your grumblers and backbiters, who swarm everywhere +like bees.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"The first time, he was brought home to us laid +athwart an ass, all battered and bruised. The second +time he returned in an ox-wagon, locked up in a cage, +and so changed, poor soul, that his own mother would not +have known him; so feeble, wan, and withered, and his +eyes sunk into the farthest corner of his brains, insomuch +that it took me above six hundred eggs to get him +a little up again, as Heaven and the world is my witness, +and my hens, that will not let me lie."</p> + +<p>"I can easily believe that," answered the bachelor; +"for your hens are too well bred and fed to say one +thing and mean another."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>All objects present to the view exist, and are impressed +upon the imagination with much greater energy and +force, than those which we only remember to have seen.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>When we see any person finely dressed, and set off +with rich apparel and with a train of servants, we are +moved to show him respect; for, though we cannot but +remember certain scurvy matters either of poverty or +parentage, that formerly belonged to him, but which +being long gone by are almost forgotten, we only think +of what we see before our eyes. And if, as the preacher +said, the person so raised by good luck, from nothing, +as it were, to the tip-top of prosperity, be well behaved, +generous, and civil, and gives himself no ridiculous +airs, pretending to vie with the old nobility, take my +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">118</a></span> +word for it, Teresa, nobody will twit him with what he +was, but will respect him for what he is; except, indeed +the envious, who hate every man's good luck.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>People are always ready enough to lend their money +to governors.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Clothe the boy so that he may look not like what he +is, but what he may be.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>To this burden women are born, they must obey their +husbands if they are ever such blockheads.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He that's coy when fortune's kind, may after seek but +never find.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>All knights cannot be courtiers, neither can all courtiers +be knights.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The courtier knight travels only on a map, without +fatigue or expense; he neither suffers heat nor cold, +hunger nor thirst; while the true knight-errant explores +every quarter of the habitable world, and is by +night and day, on foot or on horseback, exposed to all +the vicissitudes of the weather.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>All are not affable and well-bred; on the contrary, +some there are extremely brutal and impolite. All +those who call themselves knights, are not entitled to +that distinction; some being of pure gold, and others +of baser metal, notwithstanding the denomination +they assume. But these last cannot stand the touch-stone +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">119</a></span> +of truth; there are mean plebeians, who sweat +and struggle to maintain the appearance of gentlemen; +and, on the other hand, there are gentlemen of +rank who seem industrious to appear mean and degenerate; +the one sort raise themselves either by ambition +or virtue, while the other abase themselves by viciousness +or sloth; so that we must avail ourselves of our +understanding and discernment in distinguishing those +persons, who, though they bear the same appellation, are +yet so different in point of character. All the genealogies +in the world may be reduced to four kinds. The +first are those families who from a low beginning have +raised and extended themselves, until they have +reached the highest pinnacle of human greatness; the +second are those of high extraction, who have preserved +their original dignity; the third sort are those who, +from a great foundation, have gradually dwindled, until, +like a pyramid, they terminate in a small point. +The last, which are the most numerous class, are those +who have begun and continue low, and who must end +the same.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Genealogies are involved in endless confusion, and +those only are illustrious and great who are distinguished +by their virtue and liberality, as well as their riches; +for the great man who is vicious is only a great sinner, +and the rich man who wants liberality is but a miserly +pauper.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The gratification which wealth can bestow is not in +mere possession, nor in lavishing it with prodigality, +but in the wise application of it.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">120</a></span> +The poor knight can only manifest his rank by his +virtues and general conduct. He must be well-bred, +courteous, kind, and obliging; not proud nor arrogant; +no murmurer. Above all, he must be charitable, and +by two maravedis given cheerfully to the poor he shall +display as much generosity as the rich man who bestows +large alms by sound of bell. Of such a man no +one would doubt his honorable descent, and general +applause wall be the sure reward of his virtue.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There are two roads by which men may attain riches +and honor: the one by letters, the other by arms.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The path of virtue is narrow, that of vice is spacious +and broad; as the great Castilian poet expresses it:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i_04">"By these rough paths of toil and pain</span> +<span class="i0">The immortal seats of bliss we gain,</span> +<span class="i0">Denied to those who heedless stray</span> +<span class="i0">In tempting pleasure's flowery way."</span> +</div> +</div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Fast bind, fast find.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He who shuffles is not he who cuts.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Though there is little in a woman's advice, yet he +that won't take it is not over-wise.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>We are all mortal: here to-day and gone to-morrow.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">121</a></span> +The lamb goes to the spit as soon as the sheep.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>No man in this world can promise himself more hours +of life than God is pleased to grant him; because death +if deaf, and when he knocks at the door of life is always +in a hurry, and will not be detained either by fair +means or force, by sceptres or mitres, as the report +goes, and as we have often heard it declared from the +pulpit.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The hen sits, if it be but upon one egg.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Many littles make a mickle, and he that is getting +aught is losing naught.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>While there are peas in the dove-cote, it shall never +want pigeons.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A good reversion is better than bad possession, and +a good claim better than bad pay.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The bread eaten, the company broke up.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A man must be a man, and a woman a woman.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Nothing inspires a knight-errant with so much valor +as the favor of his mistress.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>O envy! thou root of infinite mischief and canker-worm +of virtue! The commission of all other vices, +Sancho, is attended with some sort of delight; but envy +produces nothing in the heart that harbors it but rage, +rancor, and disgust.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">122</a></span> +The love of fame is one of the most active principles +in the human breast.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Let us keep our holy days in peace, and not throw +the rope after the bucket.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"And now pray tell me which is the most difficult, to +raise a dead man to life or to slay a giant?"</p> + +<p>"The answer is very obvious," answered Don Quixote; +"to raise a dead man."</p> + +<p>"There I have caught you!" quoth Sancho. "Then +his fame who raises the dead, gives sight to the blind, +makes the lame walk, and cures the sick; who has +lamps burning near his grave, and good Christians always +in his chapels, adoring his relics upon their knees,—his +fame, I say, shall be greater both in this world +and the next than that which all the heathen emperors +and knights-errant in the world ever had or ever shall +have."</p> + +<p>"I grant it," answered Don Quixote.</p> + +<p>"Then," replied Sancho, "the bodies and relics of +saints have this power and grace, and these privileges, +or how do you call them, and with the license of our +holy mother church have their lamps, winding-sheets, +crutches, pictures, perukes, eyes, and legs, whereby +they increase people's devotion and spread abroad their +own Christian fame. Kings themselves carry the bodies +or relics of saints upon their shoulders, kiss the +fragments of their bones, and adorn their chapels and +most favorite altars with them."</p> + +<p>"Certainly, but what wouldst thou infer from all +this, Sancho?" quoth Don Quixote.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">123</a></span> +"What I mean," said Sancho, "is, that we had better +turn saints immediately, and we shall then soon get that +fame we are seeking after. And pray take notice, sir, +that it was but yesterday—I mean very lately—a +couple of poor barefooted friars were canonized, and +people now reckon it a greater happiness to touch or +kiss the iron chains that bound them, and which are +now held in greater veneration than Orlando's sword in +the armory of our lord the king, Heaven save him; so +that it is better to be a poor friar of the meanest order +than the bravest knight-errant, because four dozen of +good penitent lashes are more esteemed in the sight of +God than two thousand tilts with a lance, though it be +against giants, goblins, or dragons."</p> + +<p>"I confess," answered Don Quixote, "all this is +true. We cannot all be friars, and many and various +are the ways by which God conducts his elect to +Heaven. Chivalry is a kind of religious profession, +and some knights are now saints in glory."</p> + +<p>"True," quoth Sancho, "but I have heard say there +are more friars in Heaven than knights-errant."</p> + +<p>"It may well be so," replied Don Quixote, "because +their number is much greater than that of knights-errant."</p> + +<p>"And yet," quoth Sancho, "there are abundance of +the errant sort."</p> + +<p>"Abundance, indeed," answered Don Quixote, "but +few who deserve the name of knight."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There is a time for jesting, and a time when jokes +are unseasonable.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">124</a></span> +Truth may bend but never break, and will ever rise +above falsehood, like oil above water.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>With lovers the external actions and gestures are +couriers, which bear authentic tidings of what is passing +in the interior of the soul.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A stout heart flings misfortune.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Where you meet with no books you need expect no +bacon.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The hare often starts where the hunter least expects +her.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There is a remedy for everything but death, who will +take us in his clutches spite of our teeth.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Show me who thou art with, and I will tell thee what +thou art.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Not with whom thou wert bred, but with whom thou +art fed.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Sorrow was made for man, not for beasts; yet if men +encourage melancholy too much, they become no better +than beasts.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"Thou bringest me good news, then?" cried Don +Quixote.</p> + +<p>"So good," answered Sancho, "that your worship has +only to clap spurs to Rozinante, and get out upon the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">125</a></span> +plain, to see the lady Dulcinea del Toboso, who, with a +couple of her damsels, is coming to pay your worship a +visit."</p> + +<p>"Gracious Heaven!" exclaimed Don Quixote, "what +dost thou say? Take care that thou beguilest not my +real sorrow by a counterfeit joy."</p> + +<p>"What should I get," answered Sancho, "by deceiving +your worship, only to be found out the next moment? +Come, sir, put on, and you will see the princess +our mistress all arrayed and adorned—in short, like +herself. She and her damsels are one blaze of naming +gold; all strings of pearls, all diamonds, all rubies, all +cloth of tissue above ten hands deep; their hair loose +about their shoulders, like so many sunbeams blowing +about in the wind; and what is more, they come mounted +upon three pied belfreys, the finest you ever laid eyes +on."</p> + +<p>"Palfreys, thou wouldst say, Sancho," quoth Don +Quixote.</p> + +<p>"Well, well," answered Sancho, "belfreys and palfreys +are much the same thing; but let them be mounted +how they will, they are sure the finest creatures one +would wish to see; especially my mistress the princess +Dulcinea, who dazzles one's senses."</p> + +<p>They were now got out of the wood, and saw the +three wenches very near.</p> + +<p>Don Quixote looked eagerly along the road towards +Toboso, and seeing nobody but the three wenches, he +asked Sancho, in much agitation, whether they were +out of the city when he left them.</p> + +<p>"Out of the city!" answered Sancho; "are your +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">126</a></span> +worship's eyes in the nape of your neck, that you do not +see them now before you, shining like the sun at noon-day?"</p> + +<p>"I see only three country girls," answered Don Quixote, +"on three asses."</p> + +<p>"Now, Heaven keep me from the devil," answered +Sancho; "is it possible that three palfreys, or how do +you call them, white as the driven snow, should look to +you like asses? As the Lord liveth, you shall pluck off +this beard of mine if it be so."</p> + +<p>"I tell thee, friend Sancho," answered Don Quixote, +"that it is as certain they are asses, as that I am Don +Quixote and thou Sancho Panza;—at least, so they +seem to me."</p> + +<p>"Sir," quoth Sancho, "say not such a thing; but +snuff those eyes of yours, and come and pay reverence +to the mistress of your soul." So saying he advanced +forward to meet the peasant girls, and, alighting from +Dapple, he laid hold of one of their asses by the halter, +and bending both knees to the ground, said to the girl: +"Queen, princess, and duchess of beauty, let your +haughtiness and greatness be pleased to receive into +grace and good-liking your captive knight, who stands +turned there into stone, all disorder, and without any +pulse, to find himself before your magnificent presence. +I am Sancho Panza, his squire, and he is that way-worn +knight Don Quixote de la Mancha, otherwise +called the Knight of the Sorrowful Figure."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>It is not courage, but rashness, for one man singly to +encounter an army, where death is present, and where +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">127</a></span> +emperors fight in person, assisted by good and bad +angels.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Good Christians should never revenge injuries.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A sparrow in the hand is better than a vulture on the +wing.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>At the conclusion of this drama of life, death strips +us of the robes which make the difference between +man and man, and leaves us all on one level in the +grave.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>From a friend to a friend,<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">7</a> etc.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Nor let it be taken amiss that any comparison should +be made between the mutual cordiality of animals and +that of men; for much useful knowledge and many +salutary precepts have been taught by the brute creation.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>We may learn gratitude as well as vigilance from +cranes, foresight from ants, modesty from elephants, +and loyalty from horses.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Harken, and we shall discover his thoughts by his +song, for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth +speaketh.<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">8</a></p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">128</a></span></p> +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Bright authoress of my good or ill,</span> +<span class="i1">Prescribe the law I must observe;</span> +<span class="i0">My heart, obedient to thy will,</span> +<span class="i1">Shall never from its duty swerve.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">If you refuse my griefs to know,</span> +<span class="i1">The stifled anguish seals my fate;</span> +<span class="i0">But if your ears would drink my woe,</span> +<span class="i1">Love shall himself the tale relate.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Though contraries my heart compose,</span> +<span class="i1">Hard as the diamond's solid frame,</span> +<span class="i0">And soft as yielding wax that flows,</span> +<span class="i1">To thee, my fair, 'tis still the same.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Take it, for every stamp prepared;</span> +<span class="i1">Imprint what characters you choose;</span> +<span class="i0">The faithful tablet, soft or hard,</span> +<span class="i1">The dear impression ne'er shall lose.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The sorrows that may arise from well-placed affections, +ought rather to be accounted blessings than calamities.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Good fare lessens care.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The rarest sporting is that we find at other people's +cost.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Covetousness bursts the bag.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Other folk's burdens break the ass's back.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">129</a></span> +There is no road so smooth but it has its stumbling-places.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Madness will have more followers than discretion.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Comparisons in grief lessen its weight.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>If the blind lead the blind, both may fall into the +ditch.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A good paymaster needs no pledge.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Nobody knows the heart of his neighbor; some go +out for wool and come home shorn.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Let us drink and live, for time takes care to rid us +of our lives, without our seeking ways to go before our +appointed term and season.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"You must know I have had in my family, by the +father's side, two of the rarest tasters that were ever +known in La Mancha; and I will give you a proof of their +skill. A certain hogshead was given to each of them +to taste, and their opinion asked as to the condition, +quality, goodness, or badness, of the wine. One tried +it with the tip of his tongue; the other only put it to +his nose. The first said the wine savored of iron; the +second said it had rather a twang of goat's leather. +The owner protested that the vessel was clean, and the +wine neat, so that it could not taste either of iron or +leather. Notwithstanding this, the two famous tasters +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">130</a></span> +stood positively to what they had said. Time went +on; the wine was sold off, and, on cleaning the cask, a +small key, hanging to a leathern thong, was found at +the bottom. Judge then, sir, whether one of that race +may not be well entitled to give his opinion in these +matters."</p> + +<p>"That being the case," quoth he of the wood, "we +should leave off seeking adventures, and, since we have +a good loaf, let us not look for cheesecakes."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The conquered must be at the discretion of the conqueror.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>It is easy to undertake, but more difficult to finish a +thing.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"Pray, which is the greater madman, he who is so +because he cannot help it, or he who is so on purpose?"</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"The difference between these two sorts of madmen +is," replied Sampson, "that he who cannot help it will +remain so, and he who deliberately plays the fool may +leave off when he thinks fit."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Heaven knows the truth of all things.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The ancient sages, who were not enlightened with +the knowledge of the true God, reckoned the gifts of +fortune and nature, abundance of friends, and increase +of dutiful children, as constituting part of the supreme +happiness.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Letters without virtue are like pearls on a dunghill.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">131</a></span></p> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">don quixote on poetry.</span></div> + +<p>Poetry I regard as a tender virgin, young and extremely +beautiful, whom divers other virgins—namely, +all the other sciences—are assiduous to enrich, to polish, +and adorn. She is to be served by them, and they +are to be ennobled through her. But the same virgin is +not to be rudely handled, nor dragged through the +streets, nor exposed in the market-places, nor posted on +the corners of gates of palaces. She is of so exquisite +a nature that he who knows how to treat her will convert +her into gold of the most inestimable value. He +who possesses her should guard her with vigilance; +neither suffering her to be polluted by obscene, nor degraded +by dull and frivolous works. Although she +must be in no wise venal, she is not, therefore, to despise +the fair reward of honorable labors, either in heroic +or dramatic composition. Buffoons must not come +near her, neither must she be approached by the ignorant +vulgar, who have no sense of her charms; and +this term is equally applicable to all ranks, for whoever +is ignorant is vulgar. He, therefore, who, with the +qualifications I have named, devotes himself to poetry, +will be honored and esteemed by all nations distinguished +for intellectual cultivation.</p> + +<p>Indeed, it is generally said that the gift of poesy is +innate—that is, a poet is born a poet, and, thus endowed +by Heaven, apparently without study or art, +composes things which verify the saying, <i>Est Deus in +nobis</i>, etc. Thus the poet of nature, who improves himself +by art, rises far above him who is merely the creature +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">132</a></span> +of study. Art may improve, but cannot surpass +nature; and, therefore, it is the union of both which +produces the perfect poet.</p> + +<p>Let him direct the shafts of satire against vice, in all +its various forms, but not level them at individuals, +like some who, rather than not indulge their mischievous +wit, will hazard a disgraceful banishment to the +Isles of Pontus. If the poet be correct in his morals, +his verse will partake of the same purity: the pen is +the tongue of the mind, and what his conceptions are, +such will be his productions. The wise and virtuous +subject who is gifted with a poetic genius is ever honored +and enriched by his sovereign, and crowned with +the leaves of the tree which the thunderbolt hurts not, +as a token that all should respect those brows which are +so honorably adorned.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Forewarned, forearmed; to be prepared is half the +victory.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>It is a nobler sight to behold a knight-errant assisting +a widow in solitude than a courtier-knight complimenting +a damsel in the city.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Well I know that fortitude is a virtue placed between +the two extremes of cowardice and rashness: but it is +better the valiant should rise to the extreme of temerity +than sink to that of cowardice, for, as it is easier for +the prodigal than the miser to become liberal, so it is +much easier for the rash than the cowardly to become +truly brave.</p> + +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">133</a></span></p> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the adventure with the lions.</span></div> + +<p>Don Quixote, after having wiped his head, face, +beard, and helmet, again put it on, and fixing himself +firm in his stirrups, adjusting his sword, and grasping +his lance, he exclaimed, "Now, come what may, I am +prepared to encounter Satan himself!"</p> + +<p>They were soon overtaken by the cart with flags, +which was attended only by the driver, who rode upon +one of the mules, and a man sitting upon the fore part +of it. Don Quixote planted himself just before them, +and said, "Whither go ye, brethren? What carriage +is this? What does it contain, and what are those +banners?"</p> + +<p>"The cart is mine," answered the carter, "and in it +are two fierce lions, which the general of Oran is sending +to court as a present to his majesty; the flags belong +to our liege the king, to show that what is in the +cart belongs to him."</p> + +<p>"And are the lions large?" demanded Don Quixote.</p> + +<p>"Larger never came from Africa to Spain," said the +man on the front of the cart; "I am their keeper, and +in my time have had charge of many lions, but never +of any so large as these. They are a male and a female; +the male is in the first cage, and the female +is in that behind. Not having eaten to-day, they are +now hungry and therefore, sir, stand aside, for we +must make haste to the place where they are to be fed."</p> + +<p>"What!" said Don Quixote, with a scornful smile, +"lion-whelps against me! Against me, your puny +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">134</a></span> +monsters! and at this time of day! By yon blessed +sun! those who sent them hither shall see whether I +am a man to be scared by lions. Alight, honest friend! +and, since you are their keeper, open the cages and turn +out your savages of the desert: for in the midst of this +field will I make them know who Don Quixote de la +Mancha is, in spite of the enchanters that sent them +hither to me."</p> + +<p>"So, so," quoth the gentleman to himself, "our good +knight has now given us a specimen of what he is; +doubtless the curds have softened his skull, and made +his brains mellow."</p> + +<p>Sancho now coming up to him, "For Heaven's sake, +sir," cried he, "hinder my master from meddling with +these lions; for if he does they will tear us all to +pieces."</p> + +<p>"What, then, is your master so mad," answered the +gentleman, "that you really fear he will attack such +fierce animals?"</p> + +<p>"He is not mad," answered Sancho, "but daring."</p> + +<p>"I will make him desist," replied the gentleman; +and, going up to Don Quixote, who was importuning +the keeper to open the cages, "Sir," said he, "Knights-errant +should engage in adventures that, at least, afford +some prospect of success, and not such as are altogether +desperate; for the valor which borders on temerity +has in it more of madness than courage. Besides, +sir knight, these lions do not come to assail you: they +are going to be presented to his majesty; and it is, +therefore, improper to detain them or retard their +journey."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">135</a></span> +"Sweet sir," answered Don Quixote, "go hence, +and mind your decoy partridge, and your stout ferret, +and leave every one to his functions. This is +mine, and I shall see whether these gentlemen lions will +come against me or not." Then, turning to the keeper, +he said, "I vow to Heaven, Don Rascal, if thou dost +not instantly open the cages, with this lance I will pin +thee to the cart."</p> + +<p>The carter seeing that the armed lunatic was resolute, +"Good sir," said he, "for charity's sake, be pleased to +let me take off my mules and get with them out of danger, +before the lions are let loose: for should my cattle +be killed, I am undone for ever, as I have no other +means of living than by this cart and these mules."</p> + +<p>"Incredulous wretch!" cried Don Quixote, "unyoke +and do as thou wilt; but thou shalt soon see that thy +trouble might have been spared."</p> + +<p>The carter alighted and unyoked in great haste. +The keeper then said aloud, "Bear witness, all here +present, that against my will, and by compulsion, I +open the cages and let the lions loose. I protest against +what this gentleman is doing, and declare all the mischief +done by these beasts shall be placed to his account, +with my salary and perquisites over and above. Pray, +gentlemen, take care of yourselves before I open the +door; for, as to myself, I am sure they will do me no +hurt."</p> + +<p>Again the gentleman pressed Don Quixote to desist +from so mad an action; declaring to him that he was +thereby provoking God's wrath. Don Quixote replied +that he knew what he was doing. The gentleman rejoined, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">136</a></span> +and entreated him to consider well of it, for he +was certainly deceived.</p> + +<p>"Nay, sir," replied Don Quixote, "if you will not be +a spectator of what you think will prove a tragedy, spur +your flea-bitten, and save yourself."</p> + +<p>Sancho, too, besought him, with tears in his eyes, to +desist from an enterprise compared with which that of +the windmills, the dreadful one of the fulling-mills, and +in short, all the exploits he had performed in the whole +course of his life, were mere tarts and cheesecakes. +"Consider, sir," added Sancho, "here is no enchantment, +nor anything like it; for I saw, through the +grates and chinks of the cage, the paw of a true lion; +and I guess, by the size of its claw, that it is bigger than +a mountain."</p> + +<p>"Thy fears," answered Don Quixote, "would make +it appear to thee larger than half the world. Retire, +Sancho, and leave me; and if I perish here, thou knowest +our old agreement: repair to Dulcinea—I say no +more." To these he added other expressions, which +showed the firmness of his purpose, and that all argument +would be fruitless. The gentleman would fain +have compelled him to desist, but thought himself unequally +matched in weapons and armor, and that it +Would not be prudent to engage with a madman, whose +violence and menaces against the keeper were now redoubled; +the gentleman therefore spurred his mare, +Sancho his Dapple, and the carter his mules, and all +endeavored to get as far off as possible from the cart, +before the lions were let loose. Sancho bewailed the +death of his master; verily believing it would now +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">137</a></span> +overtake him between the paws of the lions; he cursed +his hard fortune, and the unlucky hour when he again entered +into his service. But, notwithstanding his tears +and lamentations, he kept urging on his Dapple to get +far enough from the cart. The keeper, seeing that the +fugitives were at a good distance, repeated his arguments +and entreaties, but to no purpose: Don Quixote +answered that he heard him, and desired he would +trouble himself no more, but immediately obey his commands, +and open the door.</p> + +<p>Whilst the keeper was unbarring the first gate, Don +Quixote deliberated within himself whether it would be +best to engage on horseback or not, and finally determined +it should be on foot, as Rozinante might be terrified +at the sight of the lions. He therefore leaped +from his horse, flung aside his lance, braced on his +shield, and drew his sword; and marching slowly, with +marvellous intrepidity and an undaunted heart, he +planted himself before the car, devoutly commending +himself, first to God and then to his mistress Dulcinea.</p> + +<p>Here it is to be noted that the author of this faithful +history, coming to this passage, falls into exclamations, +and cries out, O strenuous and beyond all expression +courageous Don Quixote de la Mancha! thou mirror +wherein all the valiant ones of the world may behold +themselves, thou second and new Don Manuel de Leon, +who was the glory and honor of the Spanish knights! +With what words shall I relate this tremendous exploit? +By what arguments shall I render it credible +to succeeding ages? or what praises, though above all +hyperboles hyperbolical, do not fit and become thee? +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">138</a></span> +Thou, alone, on foot, intrepid and magnanimous, with +a single sword, and that none of the sharpest, with a +shield not of the brightest and most shining steel, standest +waiting for and expecting two of the fiercest lions +that the forests of Africa ever bred. Let thy own deeds +praise thee, valorous Manchegan! for here I must leave +off for want of words whereby to enhance them. Here +the author ends his exclamation, and resumes the thread +of the history, saying:—</p> + +<p>The keeper, seeing Don Quixote fixed in his posture, +and that he could not avoid letting loose the male lion +on pain of falling under the displeasure of the angry +and daring knight, set wide open the door of the first +cage, where lay the lion, which appeared to be of an +extraordinary bigness and of a hideous and frightful +aspect. The first thing he did was to turn himself +round in the cage, reach out a paw, and stretch himself +at full length. Then he gaped and yawned very +leisurely; then licked the dust off his eyes, and washed +his face, with some half a yard of tongue. This done, +he thrust his head out of the cage and stared round +on all sides with eyes of fire-coals,—a sight and aspect +enough to have struck terror into temerity itself. Don +Quixote only observed him with attention, wishing he +would leap out from the car and grapple with him, that +he might tear him in pieces, to such a pitch of extravagance +had his unheard-of madness transported him.</p> + +<p>But the generous lion, more civil than arrogant, +taking no notice of his vaporing and bravados, after +having stared about him, as has been said, turned his +back and showed his posteriors to Don Quixote, and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">139</a></span> +with great phlegm and calmness laid himself down +again in the cage; which Don Quixote perceiving, he +ordered the keeper to give him some blows and provoke +him to come forth.</p> + +<p>"That I will not do," answered the keeper; "for, +should I provoke him, I myself shall be the first he will +tear in pieces. Be satisfied, signor cavalier, with what +is done, which is all that can be said in point of courage, +and do not tempt fortune a second time. The lion +has the door open, and it is in his choice to come forth +or not; and since he has not yet come out, he will not +come out all this day. The greatness of your worship's +courage is already sufficiently shown. No brave combatant, +as I take it, is obliged to more than to challenge +his foe, and expect him in the field; and if the antagonist +does not meet him, the disgrace falls on him, while +the challenger is entitled to the crown of victory."</p> + +<p>"That is true," answered Don Quixote; "shut the +door, and give me a certificate in the best form you +can of what you have here seen me perform. It should +be known that you opened the door to the lion; that I +waited for him; that he came not out; again I waited +for him; again he came not out; and again he laid +himself down. I am bound to no more,—enchantments +avaunt! So Heaven prosper right and justice +and true chivalry! Shut the door, as I told thee, while +I make a signal to the fugitive and absent, that from +your own mouth they may have an account of this +exploit."</p> + +<p>The keeper closed the door, and Don Quixote, having +fixed the linen cloth with which he had wiped the curds +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">140</a></span> +from his face upon the point of his lance, began to hail +the troop in the distance, who, with the gentleman in +green at their head, were still retiring, but looking round +at every step, when suddenly Sancho observed the signal +of the white cloth.</p> + +<p>"May I be hanged," cried he, "if my master has +not vanquished the wild beasts, for he is calling to +us!"</p> + +<p>They all stopped, and saw that it was Don Quixote +that made the sign; and, their fear in some degree +abating, they ventured to return slowly till they could +distinctly hear the words of Don Quixote, who continued +calling to them. When they had reached the cart again, +Don Quixote said to the driver: "Now, friend, put on +your mules again, and in Heaven's name proceed; and, +Sancho, give two crowns to him and the keeper, to make +them amends for this delay."</p> + +<p>"That I will, with all my heart," answered Sancho; +"but what has become of the lions? are they dead or +alive?"</p> + +<p>The keeper then very minutely, and with due pauses, +gave an account of the conflict, enlarging, to the best +of his skill, on the valor of Don Quixote, at sight of +whom the daunted lion would not, or durst not, stir +out of the cage, though he had held open the door a +good while; and, upon his representing to the knight +that it was tempting God to provoke the lion, and to +force him out, he had at length, very reluctantly, permitted +him to close it again.</p> + +<p>"What sayest thou to this, Sancho?" said Don +Quixote; "can any enchantment prevail against true +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">141</a></span> +courage? Enchanters may, indeed, deprive me of good +fortune, but of courage and resolution they never can."</p> + +<p>Sancho gave the gold crowns; the carter yoked his +mules; the keeper thanked Don Quixote for his present, +and promised to relate this valorous exploit to the +king himself when he arrived at court.</p> + +<p>"If, perchance, his majesty," said Don Quixote, +"should inquire who performed it, tell him the Knight +of the Lions; for henceforward I resolve that the title +I have hitherto borne, of the Knight of the Sorrowful +Figure, shall be thus changed, converted, and altered; +and herein I follow the ancient practice of knights-errant, +who changed their names at pleasure."</p> + +<p>It is a gallant sight to see a cavalier in shining armor +prancing over the lists at some gay tournament in sight +of the ladies; it is a gallant sight when, in the middle +of a spacious square, a brave cavalier, before the eyes +of his prince, transfixes with his lance a furious bull; +and a gallant show do all those knights make, who, in +military or other exercises, entertain, enliven, and do +honor to their prince's court; but far above all these +is the knight-errant, who, through deserts and solitudes, +through cross-ways, through woods, and over mountains, +goes in quest of perilous adventures, which he +undertakes and accomplishes only to obtain a glorious +and immortal fame.</p> + +<p>All knights have their peculiar functions. Let the +courtier serve the ladies, adorn his prince's court with +rich liveries, entertain the poorer cavaliers at his splendid +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">142</a></span> +table, order his jousts, manage tournaments, and +show himself great, liberal, and magnificent; above all, +a good Christian, and thus will he fulfil his duties.</p> + +<p>In enterprises of every kind, it is better to lose the +game by a card too much than one too little; for it +sounds better to be called rash and daring than timorous +and cowardly.</p> + +<p>"Signor Don Diego de Miranda, your father, sir, +has informed me of the rare talents you possess, and +particularly that you are a great poet."</p> + +<p>"Certainly not a great poet," replied Lorenzo; "it +is true I am fond of poetry, and honor the works of +good poets; but I have no claim to the title my father +is pleased to confer upon me."</p> + +<p>"I do not dislike this modesty," answered Don Quixote; +"for poets are usually very arrogant, each thinking +himself the greatest in the world."</p> + +<p>"There is no rule without an exception," answered +Don Lorenzo; "and surely there may be some who do +not appear too conscious of their real merits."</p> + +<p>"Very few, I believe," said Don Quixote.</p> + + + +<hr class="hr" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the science of knight-errantry.</span></div> + +<p>"It is a science," replied Don Quixote, "which comprehends +all, or most of the other sciences; for he who +professes it must be learned in the law, and understand +distributive and commutative justice, that he may +know not only how to assign to each man what is truly +his own, but what is proper for him to possess; he must +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">143</a></span> +be conversant in divinity, in order to be able to explain, +clearly and distinctly, the Christian faith which +he professes; he must be skilled in medicine, especially +in botany, that he may know both how to cure the +diseases with which he may be afflicted, and collect the +various remedies which Providence has scattered in the +midst of the wilderness, nor be compelled on every +emergency to be running in quest of a physician to heal +him; he must be an astronomer, that he may if necessary +ascertain by the stars the exact hour of the night +and what part or climate of the world he is in; he +must understand mathematics, because he will have +occasion for them; and taking it for granted that he +must be adorned with all the cardinal and theological +virtues, I descend to other more minute particulars, +and say that he must know how to swim as well as it is +reported of Fish Nicholas;<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">9</a> he must know how to shoe +a horse and repair his saddle and bridle: and to return +to higher concerns, he must preserve his faith +inviolable towards Heaven, and also to his mistress; +he must be chaste in his thoughts, modest in his words, +liberal in good works, valiant in exploits, patient in +toils, charitable to the needy, and steadfastly adhering +to the truth, even at the hazard of his life. Of all +these great and small parts a good knight-errant is +composed."</p> +<hr class="one" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">144</a></span></p> +<p><span style="margin-left: 10.5em;"><span class="smcap">the text.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Could I recall departed joy,</span> +<span class="i1">Though barred the hopes of greater gain,</span> +<span class="i0">Or now the future hours employ</span> +<span class="i1">That must succeed my present pain.</span> +</div></div> + +<hr class="one" /> +<p><span style="margin-left: 9em;"><span class="smcap">the paraphrase.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">All fortune's blessings disappear,</span> +<span class="i1">She's fickle as the wind;</span> +<span class="i0">And now I find her as severe</span> +<span class="i1">As once I thought her kind.</span> +<span class="i0">How soon the fleeting pleasures passed!</span> +<span class="i0">How long the lingering sorrows last!</span> +<span class="i1">Unconstant goddess, in thy haste,</span> +<span class="i0">Do not thy prostrate slave destroy,</span> +<span class="i1">I'd ne'er complain, but bless my fate,</span> +<span class="i0"><i>Could I recall departed joy.</i></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Of all thy gifts I beg but this,</span> +<span class="i1">Glut all mankind with more,</span> +<span class="i0">Transport them with redoubled bliss,</span> +<span class="i1">But only mine restore.</span> +<span class="i0">With thought of pleasure once possessed,</span> +<span class="i0">I'm now as cursed as I was blessed:</span> +<span class="i1">Oh, would the charming hours return,</span> +<span class="i0">How pleased I'd live, how free from pain,</span> +<span class="i1">I ne'er would pine, I ne'er would mourn.</span> +<span class="i0"><i>Though barred the hopes of greater gain.</i></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">But oh, the blessing I implore</span> +<span class="i1">Not fate itself can give!</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">145</a></span> +<span class="i0">Since time elapsed exists no more,</span> +<span class="i1">No power can bid it live.</span> +<span class="i0">Our days soon vanish into naught,</span> +<span class="i0">And have no being but in thought.</span> +<span class="i1">Whate'er began must end at last,</span> +<span class="i0">In vain we twice would youth enjoy,</span> +<span class="i1">In vain would we recall the past,</span> +<span class="i0"><i>Or now the future hours employ.</i></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Deceived by hope, and racked by fear,</span> +<span class="i1">No longer life can please;</span> +<span class="i0">I'll then no more its torments bear,</span> +<span class="i1">Since death so soon can ease.</span> +<span class="i0">This hour I'll die—but, let me pause—</span> +<span class="i0">A rising doubt my courage awes.</span> +<span class="i1">Assist, ye powers that rule my fate,</span> +<span class="i0">Alarm my thoughts, my rage restrain,</span> +<span class="i1">Convince my soul there's yet a state</span> +<span class="i0"><i>That must succeed my present pain.</i></span> +</div></div> +<hr class="one" /> +<p>O Flattery, how potent is thy sway! How wide the +bounds of thy pleasing jurisdiction!</p> +<hr class="one" /> +<div class="center"><i>On the story of Pyramus and Thisbe.</i></div> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The nymph who Pyramus with love inspired</span> +<span class="i0">Pierces the wall, with equal passion fired:</span> +<span class="i0">Cupid from distant Cyprus thither flies,</span> +<span class="i0">And views the secret breach with laughing eyes.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">146</a></span> +<span class="i0">Here silence, vocal, mutual vows conveys,</span> +<span class="i0">And whispering eloquent, their love betrays:</span> +<span class="i0">Though chained by fear, their voices dare not pass,</span> +<span class="i0">Their souls, transmitted through the chink, embrace.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Ah, woful story of disastrous love!</span> +<span class="i0">Ill-fated haste that did their ruin prove!</span> +<span class="i0">One death, one grave, unite the faithful pair,</span> +<span class="i0">And in one common fame their memories share.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>No parents can see the deformity of their own children, +and still stronger is this self-deception with +respect to the offspring of the mind.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>At parting, Don Quixote addressing himself to Don +Lorenzo: "I know not," said he, "whether I have already +told your worship, but if I have, let me now +repeat the intimation, that when you are inclined to +take the shortest and easiest road to the inaccessible +summit of the temple of fame, you have no more to do, +but to leave on one side the path of poetry, which is +pretty narrow, and follow that of knight-errantry, +which, though the narrowest of all others, will conduct +you to the throne of empire in the turning of a straw."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Riches are able to solder abundance of flaws.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Every sheep to its like.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Let every goose a gander choose.</p> +<hr class="three" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">147</a></span></p> +<p class="indent"><span class="smcap">an account of the marriage of camacho the +rich; and also the adventure of basilius +the poor.</span></p> + +<p>"Come with us, and you will see one of the greatest +and richest weddings that has ever been celebrated in +La Mancha, or for many leagues round."</p> + +<p>"The nuptials of some prince, I presume?" said Don +Quixote.</p> + +<p>"No," replied the scholar, "only that of a farmer +and a country maid: he the wealthiest in this part of +the country, and she the most beautiful that eyes ever +beheld. The preparations are very uncommon: for the +wedding is to be celebrated in a meadow near the village +where the bride lives, who is called Quiteria the +Fair, and the bridegroom Camacho the Rich: she is +about the age of eighteen, and he twenty-two, both +equally matched, though some nice folks, who have all +the pedigrees of the world in their heads, pretend that +the family of Quiteria the Fair has the advantage over +that of Camacho; but that is now little regarded, for +riches are able to solder up abundance of flaws. In +short, this same Camacho is as liberal as a prince; and, +intending to be at some cost in this wedding, has taken +it into his head to convert a whole meadow into a kind +of arbor, shading it so that the sun itself will find some +difficulty to visit the green grass beneath. He will also +have morris-dances, both with swords and bells; for +there are people in the village who jingle and clatter +them with great dexterity. As to the number of shoe-clappers +<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">10</a> +invited, it is impossible to count them; but +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">148</a></span> +what will give the greatest interest to this wedding is +the effect it is expected to have on the slighted Basilius.</p> + + +<p>"This Basilius is a swain of the same village as +Quiteria; his house is next to that of her parents, and +separated only by a wall, whence Cupid took occasion +to revive the ancient loves of Pyramus and Thisbe: for +Basilius was in love with Quiteria from his childhood, +and she returned his affection with a thousand modest +favors, insomuch that the loves of the two children, +Basilius and Quiteria, became the common talk of the +village. When they were grown up, the father of Quiteria +resolved to forbid Basilius the usual access to his +family; and to relieve himself of all fears on his account, +he determined to marry his daughter to the rich +Camacho; not choosing to bestow her on Basilius, +whose endowments are less the gifts of fortune than of +nature: in truth he is the most active youth we +know; a great pitcher of the bar, an excellent wrestler, +a great player at cricket, runs like a buck, leaps +like a wild goat, and plays at ninepins as if by witchcraft; +sings like a lark, and touches a guitar delightfully +and, above all, he handles a sword like the most +skilful fencer."</p> + +<p>It now began to grow dark, and as they approached +the village there appeared before them a new heaven, +blazing with innumerable stars. At the same time they +heard the sweet and mingled sounds of various instruments—such +as flutes, tambourines, psalters, cymbals, +drums, and bells; and, drawing still nearer, they perceived +a spacious arbor, formed near the entrance into +the town, hung round with lights that shone undisturbed +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">149</a></span> +by the breeze; for it was so calm that not a leaf +was seen to move. The musicians, who are the life +and joy of such festivals, paraded in bands up and +down this delightful place, some dancing, others singing, +and others playing upon different instruments: in +short, nothing was there to be seen but mirth and pleasure. +Several were employed in raising scaffolds, from +which they might commodiously behold the shows and +entertainments of the following day, that were to be +dedicated to the nuptial ceremony of the rich Camacho +and the obsequies of poor Basilius.</p> + +<p>If he is poor he cannot think to wed Quiteria. A +pleasant fancy, forsooth, for a fellow who has not a +groat in his pocket to look for a yoke-mate above the +clouds. Faith, sir, in my opinion a poor man should +be contented with what he finds, and not be seeking for +truffles at the bottom of the sea.</p> + +<p>The first thing that presented itself to Sancho's sight +was a whole bullock spitted upon a large elm. The fire +it was roasted by was composed of a middling mountain +of wood, and round it were placed six pots, not +cast in common moulds; for they were half-jars, each +containing a whole shamble of flesh; and entire sheep +were sunk and swallowed up in them, as commodiously +as if they were only so many pigeons. The hares ready +cased, and the fowls ready plucked, that hung about +upon the branches, in order to be buried in the caldrons, +were without number. Infinite was the wild fowl and +venison hanging about the trees, that the air might +cool them. Sancho counted above threescore skins, +each of above twenty-four quarts, and all, as appeared +afterwards, full of generous wines.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">150</a></span> +There were also piles of the whitest bread, arranged +like heaps of wheat on the threshing-floor, and +cheeses, piled up in the manner of bricks, formed a +kind of wall. Two caldrons of oil, larger than dyers' +vats, stood ready for frying all sorts of batter-ware; +and, with a couple of stout peels, they shovelled them +up when fried, and forthwith immersed them in a kettle +of prepared honey that stood near. The men and +women cooks were about fifty in number, all clean, all +active, and all in good humor. In the bullock's distended +belly were sewed up a dozen sucking pigs, to +make it savory and tender. The spices of various +kinds, which seemed to have been bought, not by the +pound, but by the hundredweight, were deposited in a +great chest, and open to every hand. In short the +preparation for the wedding was all rustic, but in sufficient +abundance to have feasted an army.</p> + +<p>Sancho beheld all with wonder and delight. The +first that captivated and subdued his inclinations were +the flesh-pots, out of which he would have been glad to +have filled a moderate pipkin; next the wine-skins drew +his affections; and lastly the products of the frying-pans—if +such capacious vessels might be so called; +and, being unable any longer to abstain, he ventured +to approach one of the busy cooks, and in persuasive +and hungry terms begged leave to sop a luncheon of +bread in one of the pots.</p> + +<p>To which the cook answered, "This, friend, is not a +day for hunger to be abroad—thanks to rich Camacho. +Alight, and look about you for a ladle to skim +out a fowl or two, and much good may they do you."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">151</a></span> +"I see no ladle," answered Sancho.</p> + +<p>"Stay," said the cook. "Heaven save me, what a +helpless varlet!" So saying, he laid hold of a kettle, +and sousing it into one of the half-jars, he fished out +three pullets and a couple of geese, and said to Sancho, +"Eat, friend, and make your breakfast of this scum, +to stay your stomach till dinner-time."</p> + +<p>"I have nothing to put it in," answered Sancho.</p> + +<p>"Then take ladle and all," quoth the cook; "for +Camacho's riches and joy supply everything."</p> + +<p>While Sancho was thus employed, Don Quixote stood +observing the entrance of a dozen peasants at one side +of the spacious arbor, each mounted on a beautiful +mare, in rich and gay caparisons, hung round with +little bells. They were clad in holiday apparel, and in +a regular troop made sundry careers about the meadow, +with a joyful Moorish cry of "Long live Camacho and +Quiteria! he as rich as she is fair, and she the fairest +of the world!"</p> + +<p>Don Quixote hearing this, said to himself, "These +people, it is plain, have never seen my Dulcinea del +Toboso; otherwise they would have been less extravagant +in the praise of their Quiteria."</p> + +<p>Soon after there entered, on different sides of the +arbor, various sets of dancers, among which was one +consisting of four-and-twenty sword-dancers; handsome, +sprightly swains, all arrayed in fine white linen, +and handkerchiefs wrought with several colors of fine +silk. One of those mounted on horseback inquired of +a young man who led the sword-dance, whether any of +his comrades were hurt.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">152</a></span> +"No," replied the youth; "thank Heaven, as yet we +are all well;" and instantly he twined himself in among +his companions with so many turns, and so dexterously, +that though Don Quixote had often seen such dances +before, none had ever pleased him so well. Another +dance also delighted him much, performed by twelve +damsels, young and beautiful, all clad in green stuff of +Cuenza, having their hair partly plaited, and partly +flowing, all of golden hue, rivalling the sun itself, and +covered with garlands of jessamine, roses and woodbine. +They were led up by a venerable old man and +an ancient matron, to whom the occasion had given +more agility than might have been expected from their +years. A Zamora bagpipe regulated their motions, +which being no less sprightly and graceful than their +looks were modest and maidenly, more lovely dancers +were never seen in the world.</p> + +<p>A pantomimic dance now succeeded, by eight nymphs, +divided into two ranks—"Cupid" leading the one, +and "Interest," the other; the former equipped with +wings, bow, quiver, and arrows; the latter gorgeously +apparelled with rich and variously colored silks, embroidered +with gold. The nymphs in Cupid's band +displayed their names, written in large letters on their +backs. "Poetry" was the first: then succeeded "Discretion," +"Good Lineage," and "Valor." The followers +of "Interest" were "Liberality," "Bounty," +"Wealth," and "Security." This band was preceded +by a wooden castle, drawn by savages, clad so naturally +in ivy and green cloth, coarse and shaggy, that +Sancho was startled. On the front and sides of the +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">153</a></span> +edifice was written, "The Castle of Reserve." Four +skilful musicians played on the tabor and pipe; Cupid +began the dance, and after two movements, he raised +his eyes, and bending his bow, pointed an arrow towards +a damsel that stood on the battlements of the +castle; at the same time addressing to her the following +verses:—</p> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 8em;"><span class="smcap">cupid's address.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">I am the god whose power extends</span> +<span class="i1">Through the wide ocean, earth, and sky;</span> +<span class="i0">To my soft sway all nature bends,</span> +<span class="i1">Compelled by beauty to comply.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Fearless I rule, in calm and storm,</span> +<span class="i1">Indulge my pleasure to the full;</span> +<span class="i0">Things deemed impossible perform,</span> +<span class="i1">Bestow, resume, ordain, annul.</span> +</div></div> + +<p>Cupid, having finished his address, shot an arrow +over the castle, and retired to his station; upon which +Interest stepped forth, and after two similar movements, +the music ceasing, he said:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">My power exceeds the might of love,</span> +<span class="i1">For Cupid bows to me alone;</span> +<span class="i0">Of all things framed by heaven above,</span> +<span class="i1">The most respected, sought, and known.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">My name is Interest; mine aid</span> +<span class="i1">But few obtain, though all desire:</span> +<span class="i0">Yet shall thy virtue, beauteous maid,</span> +<span class="i1">My constant services acquire.</span> +</div></div> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">154</a></span> +Interest then withdrew, and Poetry advanced; and, +fixing her eyes on the damsel of the castle, she said:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Let Poetry, whose strain divine</span> +<span class="i1">The wondrous power of song displays,</span> +<span class="i0">Her heart to thee, fair nymph, consign,</span> +<span class="i1">Transported in melodious lays:</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">If haply thou wilt not refuse</span> +<span class="i1">To grant my supplicated boon,</span> +<span class="i0">Thy fame shall, wafted by the muse,</span> +<span class="i1">Surmount the circle of the moon.</span> +</div></div> + +<p>Poetry having retired from the side of Interest, Liberality +advanced; and, after making her movements, +said:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">My name is Liberality,</span> +<span class="i1">Alike beneficent and wise,</span> +<span class="i0">To shun wild prodigality,</span> +<span class="i1">And sordid avarice despise.</span> +<span class="i0">Yet, for thy favor lavish grown,</span> +<span class="i1">A prodigal I mean to prove;</span> +<span class="i0">An honorable vice I own,</span> +<span class="i1">But giving is the test of love.</span> +</div></div> + +<p>In this manner all the figures of the two parties advanced +and retreated, and each made its movements +and recited its verses, some elegant, and some ridiculous +of which Don Quixote, who had a very good +memory, treasured up the foregoing only.</p> + + + +<p>The bridal pair proceeded towards a theatre on one +side of the arbor, decorated with tapestry and garlands, +where the nuptial ceremony was to be performed, and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">155</a></span> +whence they were to view the dances and shows prepared +for the occasion. Immediately on their arrival +at that place, a loud noise was heard at a distance, +amidst which a voice was distinguished calling aloud, +"Hold a little, rash and thoughtless people!" On +turning their heads they saw that these words were +uttered by a man who was advancing towards them, +clad in a black doublet, welted with flaming crimson. +He was crowned with a garland of mournful cypress, +and held in his hand a large truncheon; and, as he +drew near, all recognized the gallant Basilius, and +waited in fearful expectation of some disastrous result +from this unseasonable visit.</p> + +<p>At length he came up, tired and out of breath, and +placed himself just before the betrothed couple; then, +pressing his staff, which was pointed with steel, into +the ground, he fixed his eyes on Quiteria, and in a +broken and tremulous voice thus addressed her: "Ah, +false and forgetful Quiteria, well thou knowest that, +by the laws of our holy religion, thou canst not marry +another man whilst I am living; neither art thou ignorant +that, while waiting till time and mine own industry +should improve my fortune, I have never failed in +the respect due to thy honor. But thou hast cast aside +every obligation due to my lawful love, and art going +to make another man master of what is mine: a man +who is not only enriched, but rendered eminently +happy by his wealth; and, in obedience to the will of +Heaven, the only impediment to his supreme felicity I +will remove, by withdrawing this wretched being. +Long live the rich Camacho with the ungrateful Quiteria! +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">156</a></span> +Long and happily may they live, and let poor +Basilius die, who would have risen to good fortune had +not poverty clipped his wings and laid him in an early +grave!"</p> + +<p>So saying, he plucked his staff from the ground, and, +drawing out a short tuck, to which it had served as a +scabbard, he fixed what might be called the hilt into +the ground, and, with a nimble spring and resolute air, +he threw himself on the point, which, instantly appearing +at his back, the poor wretch lay stretched on the +ground, pierced through and through, and weltering +in his blood.</p> + +<p>His friends, struck with horror and grief, rushed +forward to help him, and Don Quixote, dismounting, +hastened also to lend his aid, and taking the dying +man in his arms, found that he was still alive. They +would have drawn out the tuck, but the priest who was +present thought that it should not be done till he had +made his confession; as, the moment it was taken out +of his body he would certainly expire. But Basilius, +not having quite lost the power of utterance, in a faint +and doleful voice said: "If, cruel Quiteria, in this +my last and fatal agony, thou wouldst give me thy +hand, as my spouse, I should hope my rashness might +find pardon in heaven, since it procured me the blessing +of being thine." Upon which the priest advised +him to attend rather to the salvation of his soul than +to his bodily appetites, and seriously implore pardon +of God for his sins, especially for this last desperate +action. Basilius replied that he could not make any +confession till Quiteria had given him her hand in marriage +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">157</a></span> +as that would be a solace to his mind, and enable +him to confess his sins.</p> + +<p>Don Quixote, hearing the wounded man's request, +said, in a loud voice, that Basilius had made a very +just and reasonable request, and, moreover, a very +practicable one; and that it would be equally honorable +for Signor Camacho to take Quiteria, a widow of +the brave Basilius, as if he received her at her father's +hand; nothing being required but the simple word, +"Yes," which could be of no consequence, since, in +these espousals, the nuptial bed must be the grave. +Camacho heard all this, and was perplexed and undecided +what to do or say; but so much was he importuned +by the friends of Basilius to permit Quiteria to +give him her hand, and thereby save his soul from +perdition, that they at length moved, nay forced him +to say that if it pleased Quiteria to give it to him, he +should not object, since it was only delaying for a moment +the accomplishment of his wishes. They all immediately +applied to Quiteria, and, with entreaties, +tears, and persuasive arguments, pressed and importuned +her to give her hand to Basilius; but she, harder +than marble, and more immovable than a statue, returned +no answer, until the priest told her that she must +decide promptly, as the soul of Basilius was already +between his teeth, and there was no time for hesitation.</p> + +<p>Then the beautiful Quiteria, in silence, and to all +appearance troubled and sad, approached Basilius, +whose eyes were already turned in his head, and he +breathed short and quick, muttering the name of Quiteria, +and giving tokens of dying more like a heathen +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">158</a></span> +than a Christian. At last Quiteria, kneeling down by +him, made signs to him for his hand. Basilius unclosed +his eyes, and fixing them steadfastly upon her, +said "O Quiteria! thou relentest at a time when thy +pity is a sword to put a final period to this wretched +life; for now I have not strength to bear the glory +thou conferrest upon me in making me thine, nor will +it suspend the pain which shortly will veil my eyes +with the dreadful shadow of death. What I beg of +thee, O fatal star of mine! is that thou give not thy +hand out of compliment, or again to deceive me, but to +declare that thou bestowest it upon me as thy lawful +husband, without any compulsion on thy will—for it +would be cruel in this extremity to deal falsely or impose +on him who has been so true to thee."</p> + +<p>Here he fainted, and the bystanders thought his soul +was just departing. Quiteria, all modesty and bashfulness, +taking Basilius's right hand in hers, said: "No +force would be sufficient to bias my will; and therefore, +with all the freedom I have, I give thee my hand +to be thy lawful wife, and receive thine, if it be as +freely given, and if the anguish caused by thy rash act +doth not trouble and prevent thee."</p> + +<p>"Yes, I give it thee," answered Basilius, "neither +discomposed nor confused, but with the clearest understanding +that Heaven was ever pleased to bestow on +me; and so I give and engage myself to be thy husband."</p> + +<p>"And I to be thy wife," answered Quiteria, +"whether thou livest many years, or art carried from +my arms to the grave."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">159</a></span> +"For one so much wounded," observed Sancho, +"this young man talks a great deal. Advise him to +leave off his courtship and mind the business of his +soul; though to my thinking he has it more on his +tongue than between his teeth."</p> + +<p>Basilius and Quiteria being thus, with hands joined, +the tender-hearted priest, with tears in his eyes, pronounced +the benediction upon them, and prayed to +Heaven for the repose of the bridegroom's soul; who, +as soon as he had received the benediction, suddenly +started up, and nimbly drew out the tuck which was +sheathed in his body. All the spectators were astonished, +and some more simple than the rest cried out +"A miracle, a miracle!" But Basilius replied, "no +miracle, no miracle, but a stratagem, a stratagem!"</p> + +<p>The priest, astonished and confounded, ran to feel, +with both his hands, the wound, and found that the +sword had passed, not through Basilius's flesh and ribs, +but through a hollow iron pipe, cunningly fitted to the +place, and filled with blood, so prepared as not to congeal. +In short, the priests, Camacho, and the rest of +the spectators, found they were imposed upon, and +completely duped. The bride showed no signs of +regret at the artifice: on the contrary, hearing it said +the marriage, as being fraudulent, was not valid, she +said that she confirmed it anew; it was, therefore, +generally supposed that the matter had been concerted +with the privity and concurrence of both parties; +which so enraged Camacho and his friends that they +immediately had recourse to vengeance, and unsheathing +abundance of swords they fell upon Basilius, in +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">160</a></span> +whose behalf as many more were instantly drawn, and +Don Quixote, leading the van on horseback, his lance +upon his arm, and well covered with his shield, made +them all give way.</p> + +<p>Don Quixote cried aloud, "Hold, sirs, hold! It is +not right to avenge the injuries committed against us +by love. Remember that the arts of warfare and courtship +are in some points alike; in war, stratagems are +lawful, so likewise are they in the conflicts and rivalships +of love, if the means employed be not dishonorable. +Quiteria and Basilius were destined for each +other by the just and favoring will of Heaven. Camacho +is rich, and may purchase his pleasure when, +where and how he pleases. Basilius has but this one +ewe-lamb; and no one, however powerful, has a right +to take it from him; for those whom God hath joined +let no man sunder, and whoever shall attempt it must +first pass the point of this lance." Then he brandished +it with such vigor and dexterity that he struck terror +into all those who did not know him.</p> + +<p>Quiteria's disdain made such an impression upon +Camacho, that he instantly banished her from his +heart. The persuasions, therefore, of the priest, who +was a prudent, well-meaning man, had their effect; +Camacho and his party sheathed their weapons and +remained satisfied, blaming rather the fickleness of +Quiteria than the cunning of Basilius. With much +reason Camacho thought within himself that if Quiteria +loved Basilius when a virgin, she would love him +also when married, and that he had more cause to +thank Heaven for so fortunate an escape than to repine +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">161</a></span> +at the loss he had sustained. The disappointed bridegroom +and his followers, being thus consoled and appeased, +those of Basilius were so likewise; and the +rich Camacho, to show that his mind was free from +resentment, would have the diversions and entertainments +go on as if they had been really married. The +happy pair, however, not choosing to share in them, +retired to their own dwelling, accompanied by their +joyful adherents; for, if the rich man can draw after +him attendants and flatterers, the poor man who is virtuous +and deserving is followed by friends who honor +and support him.</p> + +<p>Don Quixote joined the party of Basilius, having +been invited by them as a person of worth and bravery; +while Sancho, finding it impossible to remain and share +the relishing delights of Camacho's festival, which continued +till night, with a heavy heart accompanied his +master, leaving behind the flesh-pots of Egypt, the +skimmings of which, though now almost consumed, still +reminded him of the glorious abundance he had lost.</p> + +<p>"If love only were to be considered," said Don +Quixote, "parents would no longer have the privilege +of judiciously matching their children. Were daughters +left to choose for themselves, there are those who would +prefer their father's serving-man, or throw themselves +away on some fellow they might chance to see in the +street, mistaking, perhaps, an impostor and swaggering +poltroon for a gentleman, since passion too easily blinds +the understanding, so indispensably necessary in deciding +on that most important point, matrimony, which +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">162</a></span> +is peculiarly exposed to the danger of a mistake, and +therefore needs all the caution that human prudence +can supply, aided by the particular favor of Heaven. +A person who proposes to take a long journey, if he is +prudent, before he sets forward will look out for some +safe and agreeable companion; and should not he who +undertakes a journey for life use the same precaution, +especially as his fellow-traveller is to be his companion +at bed and board and in all other situations? The wife +is not a commodity which, when once bought, you can +exchange or return; the marriage bargain, once struck, +is irrevocable. It is a noose which, once thrown about +the neck, turns to a Gordian knot, and cannot be unloosed +till cut asunder by the scythe of death."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>By the streets of "by-and-by" one arrives at the +house of "never."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>God who gives the wound sends the cure.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Nobody knows what is to come. A great many +hours come in between this and to-morrow; and in +one hour, yea, in one minute, down falls the house. +I have seen rain and sunshine at the same moment. +A man may go to bed well at night and not be able to +stir next morning: and tell me who can boast of having +driven a nail in fortune's wheel?</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Between the yes and no of a woman I would not +undertake to thrust the point of a pin.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">163</a></span> +"Love, as I have heard say, wears spectacles, through +which copper looks like gold, rags like rich apparel, and +specks in the eye like pearls."</p> + +<p>"A curse on thee, Sancho," said Don Quixote; +"what wouldst thou be at? When once thy stringing +of proverbs begins, Judas alone—I wish he had thee!—can +have patience to the end. Tell me, animal! +what knowest thou of nails and wheels, or of anything +else?"</p> + +<p>"Oh, if I am not understood," replied Sancho, "no +wonder that what I say passes for nonsense. But no +matter for that,—I understand myself. Neither have +I said many foolish things, only your worship is such a +cricket."</p> + +<p>"Critic, not cricket, fool! thou corrupter of good +language!" said the knight.</p> + +<p>"Pray, sir, do not be so sharp upon me," answered +Sancho, "for I was not bred at court nor studied in +Salamanca, to know whether my words have a letter +short or one too many. As Heaven shall save me, it +is unreasonable to expect that beggarly Sayagnes should +talk like Toledans; nay, even some of them are not +over-nicely spoken."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Purity, propriety, and elegance of style will always +be found among polite, well-bred, and sensible men.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>I have heard it said of your fencers that they can +thrust you the point of a sword through the eye of a +needle.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">164</a></span> +O happy thou above all that live on the face of the +earth, who, neither envying nor envied, canst take thy +needful rest with tranquillity of soul, neither persecuted +by enchanters nor affrighted by their machinations! +Sleep on! a hundred times I say, sleep on! No jealousies +on thy lady's account keep thee in perpetual +watchings, nor do anxious thoughts of debts unpaid +awake thee; nor care how on the morrow thou and +thy little straitened family shall be provided for. +Ambition disquiets thee not, nor does the vain pomp of the +world disturb thee; for thy chief concern is the care +of thy ass, since to me is committed the comfort and +protection of thine own person,—a burden imposed on +the master by nature and custom. The servant sleeps, +and the master lies awake considering how he is to maintain, +assist, and do him kindness. The pain of seeing +the heavens obdurate in withholding the moisture necessary +to refresh the earth touches only the master, who +is bound to provide in times of sterility and famine for +those who served him in the season of fertility and +abundance.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>So much thou art worth as thou hast, and so much +thou hast as thou art worth.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There are only two families in the world,—the have +somethings and the have nothings. Nowadays we are +apt to feel more often the pulse of property than of +wisdom.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>An ass with golden trappings makes a better appearance +than a horse with a pack-saddle.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">165</a></span> +"That ought not to be called deception which aims +at a virtuous end," said Don Quixote; "and no end +is more excellent than the marriage of true lovers; +though love," added he, "has its enemies, and none +greater than hunger and poverty, for love is all gayety, +joy, and content."</p> + + +<hr class="two" /> + +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">sancho panza on death.</span></div> + +<p>"In good sooth, signor," said the squire, "there is +no trusting to Mrs. Ghostly, I mean Death, who gobbles +up the gosling as well as the goose; and, as I have +heard our curate observe, tramples down the lofty turrets +of the prince as well as the lowly cottage of the +swain. That same lady, who is more powerful than coy, +knows not what it is to be dainty and squeamish; but +eats of everything, and crams her wallet with people of +all nations, degrees, and conditions; she is none of +your laborers that take their afternoon's nap, but mows +at all hours, cutting down the dry stubble as well as +the green grass; nor does she seem to chew, but rather +swallows and devours everything that falls in her way; +for she is gnawed by a dog's hunger that is never satisfied; +and though she has no belly, plainly shows herself +dropsical, and so thirsty as to drink up the lives of +all the people upon earth, just as one would swallow a +draught of cool water."</p> + +<p>"Enough, friend Sancho," cried the knight, interrupting +him in this place; "keep thyself well, now +thou art in order, and beware of stumbling again; for +really a good preacher could not speak more to the purpose +than thou hast spoken upon Death, in thy rustic +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">166</a></span> +manner of expression; I say unto thee, Sancho, if thy +discretion were equal to thy natural parts, thou mightest +ascend the pulpit, and go about teaching and preaching +to admiration."</p> + +<p>"He is a good preacher who is a good liver," answered +Panza, "and that is all the divinity I know."</p> + +<p>"And that is sufficient," said the knight; "yet I +shall never understand or comprehend, as the fear of +God is the beginning of wisdom, how thou, who art +more afraid of a lizard than of thy Maker, should be +so wise?"</p> + +<p>"Signor," replied Sancho, "I desire your worship +would determine in your own affairs of chivalry, without +taking the trouble to judge of other people's valor +or fears; for my own part, I am as pretty a fearer of +God as one would desire to see in any neighbor's child; +wherefore, I beseech your worship, let me discuss this +same scum; for everything else is idle chat, of which we +shall be able to give a bad account in the other world."</p> + +<p>"The poor man of honor (if a poor man can deserve +that title) possesses, in a beautiful wife, a jewel; and +when that is taken away, he is deprived of his honor, +which is murdered; a beautiful and chaste woman, +whose husband is poor, deserves to be crowned with +laurel and palms of triumph; for beauty alone attracts +the inclinations of those who behold it; just as the royal +eagle and soaring hawk stoop to the savory lure; but if +that beauty is incumbered by poverty and want, it is +likewise attacked by ravens, kites, and other birds of +prey; and if she who possesses it firmly withstands all +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">167</a></span> +these assaults, she well deserves to be called the crown +of her husband.</p> + +<p>"Take notice, dearest Basilius," added the knight, +"it was the opinion of a certain sage, that there was +but one good wife in the whole world; and he advised +every husband to believe she had fallen to his +share, and accordingly be satisfied with his lot. I +myself am not married, nor hitherto have I entertained +the least thought of changing my condition; nevertheless, +I will venture to advise him who asks my advice, +in such a manner, that he may find a woman to his +wish; in the first place, I would exhort him to pay more +regard to reputation than to fortune; for a virtuous +woman does not acquire a good name merely by being +virtuous; she must likewise maintain the exteriors of +deportment, for the honor of the sex suffers much +more from levity and freedom of behavior in public, +than from any private misdeeds. If thou bringest a +good woman to thy house, it will be an easy task to preserve +and even improve her virtue; but, shouldst thou +choose a wife of a different character, it will cost thee +abundance of pains to mend her; for it is not very +practicable to pass from one extreme to another; I do +not say it is altogether impossible, though I hold it for a +matter of much difficulty."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The ox that is loose is best licked.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Sancho, who had been attentive to the student's discourse, +said: "Tell me, sir—so may heaven send you +good luck with your books—can you resolve me—but +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">168</a></span> +I know you can, since you know every thing—who was +the first man that scratched his head? I for my part +am of opinion it must have been our father Adam."</p> + +<p>"Certainly," answered the scholar; "for there is no +doubt but Adam had a head and hair; and, this being +granted, he, being the first man in the world, must +needs have been the first who scratched his head."</p> + +<p>"That is what I think," said Sancho; "but tell me +now, who was the first tumbler in the world?"</p> + +<p>"Truly, brother," answered the scholar, "I cannot +determine that point till I have given it some consideration, +which I will surely do when I return to my books, +and will satisfy you when we see each other again, for +I hope this will not be the last time."</p> + +<p>"Look ye, sir," replied Sancho, "be at no trouble +about the matter, for I have already hit upon the answer +to my question. Know, then, that the first tumbler +was Lucifer, when he was cast or thrown headlong from +heaven, and came tumbling down to the lowest abyss."</p> + +<p>"Sancho," quoth Don Quixote, "thou hast said +more than thou art aware of; for some there are who +bestow much labor in examining and explaining things +which when known are not worth recollecting."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>I am thoroughly satisfied that all the pleasures of +this life pass away like a shadow or dream, or fade +like a flower of the field.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Patience, and shuffle the cards.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>We are all bound to respect the aged.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">169</a></span> +Tell me thy company and I will tell thee what thou +art.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Whatever is uncommon appears impossible.</p> + + + +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the braying aldermen.</span></div> + +<p>"You must know, gentlemen, that in a town four +leagues and a half from this place, a certain alderman +happened to lose his ass, all through the artful contrivance +(too long to be told) of a wench his maid-servant; +and though he tried every means to recover his +beast, it was to no purpose. Fifteen days passed, as +public fame reports, after the ass was missing, and while +the unlucky alderman was standing in the market-place, +another alderman of the same town came up to him, +and said, 'Pay me for my good news, gossip, for your +ass has made its appearance.'</p> + +<p>"'Most willingly, neighbor,' answered the other; +'but tell me—where has he been seen?'</p> + +<p>"'On the mountain,' answered the other; 'I saw him +there this morning, with no panel or furniture upon him +of any kind, and so lank that it was grievous to behold +him. I would have driven him before me and brought +him to you, but he is already become so shy that when +I went near him he took to his heels and fled to a distance +from me. Now, if you like it we will both go +seek him; but first let me put up this of mine at home, +and I will return instantly.'</p> + +<p>"'You will do me a great favor,' said the owner of +the lost ass, 'and I shall be happy at any time to do as +much for you.'</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">170</a></span> +"In short the two aldermen, hand in hand and side +by side, trudged together up the hill; and on coming +to the place where they expected to find the ass, they +found him not, nor was he anywhere to be seen, though +they made diligent search. Being thus disappointed, +the alderman who had seen him said to the other, +'Hark you, friend, I have thought of a stratagem by +which we shall certainly discover this animal, even +though he had crept into the bowels of the earth, instead +of the mountain; and it is this: I can bray marvellously +well, and if you can do a little in that way the business +is done.'</p> + +<p>"'A little, say you, neighbor?' quoth the other, +'before Heaven, in braying I yield to none—no, not +to asses themselves.'</p> + +<p>"'We shall soon see that,' answered the second +alderman; 'go you on one side of the mountain, while +I take the other, and let us walk round it, and every +now and then you shall bray, and I will bray; and the +ass will certainly hear and answer us, if he still remains +in these parts.' 'Verily, neighbor, your device +is excellent, and worthy your good parts,' said the +owner of the ass.</p> + +<p>"They then separated, according to agreement, and +both began braying at the same instant, with such +marvellous truth of imitation that, mutually deceived, +each ran towards the other, not doubting but that the +ass was found; and, on meeting, the loser said, 'Is +it possible, friend, that it was not my ass that +brayed?'</p> + +<p>"'No, it was I,' answered the other.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">171</a></span> +"'I declare, then,' said the owner, 'that, as far as +regards braying, there is not the least difference between +you and an ass; for in my life I never heard +anything more natural.'</p> + +<p>"'These praises and compliments,' answered the +author of the stratagem, 'belong rather to you than to +me, friend; for by Him that made me, you could give +the odds of two brays to the greatest and most skilful +brayer in the world; for your tones are rich, your time +correct, your notes well sustained, and cadences abrupt +and beautiful; in short, I own myself vanquished, and +yield to you the palm in this rare talent.'</p> + +<p>"'Truly,' answered the ass owner, 'I shall value +and esteem myself the more henceforth, since I am not +without some endowment. It is true, I fancy that I +brayed indifferently well, yet never flattered myself that +I excelled so much as you are pleased to say.'</p> + +<p>"'I tell you,' answered the second, 'there are rare +abilities often lost to the world, and they are ill-bestowed +on those who know not how to employ them +to advantage.'</p> + +<p>"'Right, brother,' quoth the owner, 'though, except +in cases like the present, ours may not turn to +much account; and even in this business, Heaven +grant it may prove of service.'</p> + +<p>"This said, they separated again, to resume their +braying; and each time were deceived as before, and +met again, till they at length agreed, as a signal, to +distinguish their own voices from that of the ass, that +they should bray twice together, one immediately after +the other. Thus, doubling their brayings, they made +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">172</a></span> +the tour of the whole mountain, without having any +answer from the stray ass, not even by signs. How, +indeed, could the poor creature answer, whom at last +they found in a thicket, half devoured by wolves? On +seeing the body, the owner said, 'Truly, I wondered +at his silence; for, had he not been dead, he certainly +would have answered us, or he were no true ass; nevertheless, +neighbor, though I have found him dead, my +trouble in the search has been well repaid in listening +to your exquisite braying.'</p> + +<p>"'It is in good hands, friend,' answered the other; +'for if the abbot sings well, the novice comes not far +behind him.'</p> + +<p>"Hereupon they returned home hoarse and disconsolate, +and told their friends and neighbors all that +had happened to them in their search after the ass; +each of them extolling the other for his excellence in +braying. The story spread all over the adjacent villages, +and the devil, who sleeps not, as he loves to sow +discord wherever he can, raising a bustle in the wind, +and mischief out of nothing, so ordered it that all the +neighboring villagers, at the sight of any of our towns-people, +would immediately begin to bray, as it were +hitting us in the teeth with the notable talent of our +aldermen. The boys fell to it, which was the same as +falling into the hands and mouths of a legion of devils; +and thus braying spread far and wide, insomuch that +the natives of the town of Bray are as well known and +distinguished as the negroes are from white men. +And this unhappy jest has been carried so far that our +people have often sallied out in arms against their +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">173</a></span> +scoffers, and given them battle: neither king nor rook, +nor fear nor shame, being able to restrain them. Tomorrow, +I believe, or next day, those of our town will +take the field against the people of another village +about two leagues from us, being one of those which +persecute us most: and I have brought the lances and +halberds which you saw, that we may be well prepared +for them."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The hypocrite who cloaks his knavery is less dangerous +to the commonwealth than he who transgresses +in the face of day.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He who only wears the garb of piety does less harm +than the professed sinner.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>I had rather serve the king in his wars abroad, than +be the lackey of any beggarly courtier at home.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There is nothing more honorable, next to the service +which you owe to God, than to serve your king +and natural lord, especially in the profession of arms, +which, if less profitable than learning, far exceeds it +in glory. More great families, it is true, have been +established by learning, yet there is in the martial +character a certain splendor, which seems to exalt it +far above all other pursuits. But allow me, sir, to +offer you a piece of advice, which, believe me, you will +find worth your attention. Never suffer your mind to +dwell on the adverse events of your life; for the worst +that can befall you is death, and when attended with +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">174</a></span> +honor there is no event so glorious. Julius Cæsar, +that valorous Roman, being asked which was the kind +of death to be preferred, "That," said he, "which is +sudden and unforeseen!"</p> + +<p>Though he answered like a heathen, who knew not +the true God, yet, considering human infirmity, it was +well said. For, supposing you should be cut off in the +very first encounter, either by cannon-shot or the +springing of a mine, what does it signify? it is but +dying, which is inevitable, and, being over, there it +ends. Terence observes that the corpse of a man who +is slain in battle looks better than the living soldier +who has saved himself by flight; and the good soldier +rises in estimation according to the measure of his +obedience to those who command him. Observe, +moreover, my son, that a soldier had better smell of +gunpowder than of musk; and if old age overtakes +you in this noble profession, though lame and maimed, +and covered with wounds, it will find you also covered +with honor; and of such honor as poverty itself cannot +deprive you. From poverty, indeed, you are secure; +for care is now taken that veteran and disabled +soldiers shall not be exposed to want, nor be treated +as many do their negro slaves, when old and past service, +turning them out of their houses, and, under +pretence of giving them freedom, leave them slaves to +hunger, from which they can have no relief but in +death.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There are often rare abilities lost to the world that +are but ill-bestowed on those who do not know how to +employ them to advantage.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">175</a></span> +Who reads and travels much, sees and learns much.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>It is the prerogative of God alone to truly comprehend +all things. To Him there is nothing past or +future. Everything is present.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There is nothing that Time, the discoverer of all +things, will not bring to light, even though it be hidden +in the bowels of the earth.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Length begets loathing.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Heaven is merciful, and sends relief in the greatest +distress.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Affectation is the devil.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Heaven help every one to what is their just due, but +let us have plain dealing.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">When choler once is born,</span> +<span class="i0">The tongue all curb doth scorn.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>When a brave man flies, he must have discovered +foul play.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>To retire is not to fly. The valor which has not prudence +for its basis is termed rashness, and the successful +exploits of the rash are rather to be ascribed to good +fortune than to courage.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">176</a></span> +Other men's pains are easily borne.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">He who errs and mends,</span> +<span class="i0">Himself to Heaven commends.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Those who sin and kiss the rod,</span> +<span class="i0">Find favor in the sight of God.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">If you obey the commands of your lord,</span> +<span class="i0">You may sit as a guest at his board.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>In this world there is nothing but plots and counter-plots, +mines and countermines.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A good paymaster needs no surety; and where there +is plenty, dinner is soon dressed.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Often the hare starts where she is least expected.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>I have heard it said that the power called Nature is +like a potter, who, if he can make one beautiful vessel, +can in like manner make two, three, ay, and a hundred.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Wit and gay conceits proceed not from dull heads.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Every man must speak of his wants wherever he +may be.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Modesty is as becoming a knight-errant as courage.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The master is respected in proportion to the discretion +and good breeding of his servants.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">177</a></span> +Who sets up for a talker and a wit, sinks at the first +trip into a contemptible buffoon.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The weapons of gownsmen, like those of women, are +their tongues.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Keep company with the good, and you will be one of +them.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Not where you were born, but where you were bred.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Well sheltered shall he be</span> +<span class="i0">Who leans against a sturdy tree.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>An affront must come from a person who not only +gives it, but who can maintain it when it is given; an +injury may come from any hand.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He who can receive no affront can give none.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>One must live long to see much.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He who lives long; must suffer much.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>To deprive a knight-errant of his mistress is to rob +him of the eyes with which he sees, the sun by which +he is enlightened, and the support by which he is maintained. +I have many times said, and now I repeat the +observation, that a knight-errant without a mistress is +like a tree without leaves, a building without cement, +and a shadow without the substance by which it is +produced.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">178</a></span> +Possessing beauty without blemish, dignity without +pride, love with modesty, politeness springing from +courtesy, and courtesy from good breeding, and, finally, +of illustrious descent: for the beauty that is of a noble +race shines with more splendor than that which is +meanly born.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Virtue ennobles blood, and a virtuous person of +humble birth is more estimable than a vicious person +of rank.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>I must inform your graces that Sancho Panza is +one of the most pleasant squires that ever served a +knight-errant. Sometimes his simplicity is so arch, +that to consider whether he is more fool or wag yields +abundance of pleasure. He has roguery enough to pass +for a knave, and absurdities sufficient to confirm him a +fool. He doubts everything and believes everything; +and often, when I think he is going to discharge nonsense, +he will utter apothegms that will raise him to the skies. +In a word, I would not exchange him for any other +squire, even with a city to boot; and therefore I am in +doubt whether or not it will be expedient to send him +to that government which your grace has been so good +as to bestow upon him, although I can perceive in him +a certain aptitude for such an office; so that, when his +understanding is a very little polished, he will agree +with any government, like the king with his customs; +for we know by repeated experience that great talents +and learning are not necessary in a governor, as there +are a hundred at least who govern like gerfalcons, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">179</a></span> +though they can hardly read their mother tongue. Provided +their intention is righteous and their desire to do +justice, they will never want counsellors to direct them +in every transaction, like your military governors, who +being illiterate themselves, never decide without the +advice of an assessor. I shall advise him corruption +to eschew, but never quit his due, and inculcate some +other small matters that are in my head, which, in +process of time, may redound to his own interest as +well as to the advantage of the island under his command.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The customs of countries, or of great men's houses, +are good as far as they are agreeable.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"Faith, madam," quoth Sancho, "that same scruple +is an honest scruple, and need not speak in a whisper, +but plain out, or as it lists; for I know it says true, and +had I been wise, I should long since have left my master +but such is my lot, or such my evil-errantry, I +cannot help it,—follow him I must. We are both +of the same town; I have eaten his bread; I love him, +and he returns my love; he gave me his ass-colts. +Above all, I am faithful, so that nothing in the world, +can part us but the sexton's spade and shovel; and if +your highness does not choose to give me the government +you promised, God made me without it, and perhaps +it may be all the better for my conscience if I do +not get it; for fool as I am, I understand the proverb, +'The pismire had wings to her sorrow;' and perhaps it +may be easier for Sancho the squire to get to heaven +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">180</a></span> +than for Sancho the governor. They make as good +bread here as in France, and by night all cats are gray. +Unhappy is he who has not breakfasted at three, and +no stomach is a span bigger than another, and may be +filled as they say, with straw or with hay.</p> + +<p>"Of the little birds in the air, God himself takes the +care; and four yards of coarse cloth of Cuenza are +warmer than as many of fine Segovia serge; and in +travelling from this world to the next, the road is no +wider for the prince than the peasant. The Pope's +body takes up no more room than that of the sexton, +though a loftier person, for in the grave we must pack +close together whether we like it or not; so good-night +to all.</p> + +<p>"And let me tell you again that if your highness will +not give me the island because I am a fool, I will be +wise enough not to care a fig for it. I have heard say +the devil lurks behind the cross; all is not gold that +glitters. From the plough-tail Bamba was raised to +the throne of Spain, and from his riches and revels +was Roderigo cast down to be devoured by serpents, +if ancient ballads tell the truth."</p> +<hr class="two" /> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">None shall dare the loaf to steal</span> +<span class="i0">From him that sifts and kneads the meal.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>An old dog is not to be coaxed with a crust.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>No man is ever a scholar at his birth, and bishops +are made of men, not of stones.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">181</a></span> +There is a Judge in heaven who knows the heart.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A good name is better than tons of gold.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"And you, Signor Panza, be quiet and leave the care +of making much of Dapple to me; for being a jewel of +Sancho's, I will lay him upon the apple of my eye."</p> + +<p>"Let him lie in the stable, my good lady," answered +Sancho, "for upon the apple of your grandeur's eye +neither he nor I are worthy to lie one single moment,—'slife! +they should stick me like a sheep sooner than I +would consent to such a thing; for though my master +says that, in respect to good manners, we should rather +lose the game by a card too much than too little, yet, +when the business in hand is about asses and eyes, we +should step warily, with compass in hand."</p> + +<p>"Carry him, Sancho," quoth the Duchess, "to your +government, and there you may regale him as you +please, and set him free from further labor."</p> + +<p>"Think not, my lady Duchess," quoth Sancho, "that +you have said much, for I have seen more asses than +one go to governments, and therefore, if I should carry +mine, it would be nothing new."</p> + + +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">sancho's plight.</span></div> + +<p>The Duke and Duchess were extremely diverted with +the humors of their two guests; and resolving to improve +their sport by practising some pleasantries that +should have the appearance of a romantic adventure, +they contrived to dress up a very choice entertainment +from Don Quixote's account of the Cave of Montesinos, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">182</a></span> +taking that subject because the Duchess had observed +with astonishment that Sancho now believed his lady +Dulcinea was really enchanted, although he himself had +been her sole enchanter! Accordingly, after the servants +had been well instructed as to their deportment +towards Don Quixote, a boar-hunt was proposed, and +it was determined to set out in five or six days with a +princely train of huntsmen. The knight was presented +with a hunting suit proper for the occasion, which, +however, he declined, saying that he must soon return +to the severe duties of his profession, when, having no +sumpters nor wardrobes, such things would be superfluous. +But Sancho readily accepted a suit of fine green +cloth which was offered to him, intending to sell it the +first opportunity.</p> + +<p>The appointed day being come, Don Quixote armed +himself, and Sancho in his new suit mounted Dapple +(which he preferred to a horse that was offered him) +and joined the troop of hunters. The Duchess issued +forth magnificently attired, and Don Quixote, out of +pure politeness, would hold the reins of the palfrey, +though the Duke was unwilling to allow it. Having +arrived at the proposed scene of their diversion, +which was in a wood between two lofty mountains, +they posted themselves in places where the toils were +to be pitched; and all the party having taken their +different stations, the sport began with prodigious noise +and clamor, insomuch that between the shouts of the +huntsmen, the cry of the hounds, and the sound of +the horns, they could not hear each other.</p> + +<p>The Duchess alighted, and with a boar-spear in her +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">183</a></span> +hand, took her stand in a place where she expected +the boars would pass. The Duke and Don Quixote +dismounted also, and placed themselves by her side; +while Sancho took his station behind them all, with +his Dapple, whom he would not quit, lest some mischance +should befall him. Scarcely had they ranged +themselves in order when a hideous boar of monstrous +size rushed out of cover, pursued by the dogs and hunters, +and made directly towards them, gnashing his teeth +and tossing foam with his mouth.</p> + +<p>Don Quixote, on seeing him approach, braced his +shield, and drawing his sword, stepped before the rest +to meet him. The Duke joined him with his boar-spear, +and the Duchess would have been the foremost +had not the Duke prevented her. Sancho alone stood +aghast, and at the sight of the fierce animal, leaving +even his Dapple, ran in terror towards a lofty oak, in +which he hoped to be secure; but his hopes were in +vain, for, as he was struggling to reach the top, and +had got half-way up, unfortunately a branch to which +he clung, gave way, and falling with it, he was caught +by the stump of another, and here left suspended in the +air, so that he could neither get up nor down.</p> + +<p>Finding himself in this situation, with his new green +coat tearing, and almost in reach of the terrible creature +should it chance to come that way, he began to +bawl so loud and to call for help so vehemently, that +all who heard him and did not see him thought verily +he was between the teeth of some wild beast. The +tusked boar, however, was soon laid at length by the +numerous spears that were levelled at him from all +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">184</a></span> +sides, at which time Sancho's cries and lamentations +reached the ears of Don Quixote, who, turning round, +beheld him hanging from the oak with his head downwards, +and close by him stood Dapple, who never forsook +him in adversity,—indeed, it was remarked by Cid +Hamet, that he seldom saw Sancho Panza without +Dapple, or Dapple without Sancho Panza, such was +the amity and cordial love that subsisted between +them!</p> + +<p>Don Quixote hastened to the assistance of his squire, +who was no sooner released than he began to examine +the rent in his hunting suit, which grieved him to the +soul, for he looked upon that suit as a rich inheritance.</p> + +<p>The huge animal they had slain was laid across +a sumpter-mule, and after covering it with branches of +rosemary and myrtle, they carried it, as the spoils of +victory, to a large field-tent, erected in the midst of the +wood, where a sumptuous entertainment was prepared, +worthy of the magnificence of the donor. Sancho, +showing the wounds of the torn garments to the Duchess, +said: "Had hares or birds been our game, I should +not have had this misfortune. For my part I cannot +think what pleasure there can be in beating about for +a monster that, if it reaches you with a tusk, may be +the death of you. There is an old ballad which says,—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i_04">"'May fate of Fabila be thine,</span> +<span class="i0">And make thee food for bears or swine.'"</span> +</div></div> +<p>"That Fabila," said Don Quixote, "was a king of +the Goths, who, going to the chase, was devoured by +a bear."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">185</a></span> +"What I mean," quoth Sancho, "is, that I would +not have kings and other great folks run into such +dangers merely for pleasure; and, indeed, methinks +it ought to be none to kill poor beasts that never meant +any harm."</p> + +<p>"You are mistaken, Sancho," said the duke, "hunting +wild beasts is the most proper exercise for knights +and princes. The chase is an image of war: there you +have stratagems, artifices, and ambuscades to be employed, +in order to overcome your enemy with safety to +yourself. There, too, you are often exposed to the +extremes of cold and heat; idleness and ease are despised; +the body acquires health and vigorous activity: +in short, it is an exercise which may be beneficial to +many and injurious to none. Besides, it is not a vulgar +amusement, but, like hawking, is the peculiar sport +of the great. Therefore, Sancho, change your opinion +before you become a governor, for then you will find +your account in these diversions."</p> + +<p>"Not so, i' faith," replied Sancho, "the good governor +and the broken leg should keep at home. It +would be fine, indeed, for people to come after him +about business and find him gadding in the mountains +for his pleasure. At that rate what would become of +his government? In good truth, sir, hunting and such +like pastimes are rather for your idle companions than +for governors. The way I mean to divert myself shall +be with brag at Easter and at bowls on Sundays and +holidays; as for your hunting, it befits neither my condition +nor conscience."</p> + +<p>"Heaven grant you prove as good as you promise," +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">186</a></span> +said the duke, "but saying and doing are often wide +apart."</p> + +<p>"Be that as it will," replied Sancho, "the good +paymaster wants no pawn; and God's help is better +than early rising, and the belly carries the legs, and +not the legs the belly,—I mean that, with the help of +Heaven and a good intention, I warrant I shall govern +better than a gos-hawk. Ay, ay, let them put their +fingers in my mouth and try whether or not I can +bite."</p> + +<p>"A curse upon thy proverbs," said Don Quixote, +"when will the day come that I shall hear thee utter +one coherent sentence without that base intermixture! +Let this blockhead alone, I beseech your excellencies, +He will grind your souls to death, not between two, but +two thousand proverbs, all timed as well and as much +to the purpose as I wish God may grant him health, or +me, if I desire to hear them."</p> + +<p>"Sancho Panza's proverbs," said the duchess, "though +more numerous than those of the Greek commentator, +are equally admirable for their sententious brevity."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He who has been a good squire will never be a bad +governor.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A bad cloak often covers a good drinker.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>When a friend drinks one's health, who can be so +hard-hearted as not to pledge him?</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>God's help is better than early rising.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">187</a></span> +Flame may give light and bonfires may illuminate, +yet we may easily be burnt by them; but music is +always a sign of feasting and merriment.</p> +<hr class="three" /> +<p class="indent"><span class="smcap">the account of the method prescribed to don +quixote for disenchanting dulcinea; with +other wonderful events.</span></p> + +<p>As the agreeable music approached, they observed +that it attended a stately triumphal car, drawn by six +gray mules covered with white linen, and upon each of +them rode a penitent of light, clothed also in white, and +holding a lighted torch in his hand. The car was more +than double the size of the others which had passed, +and twelve penitents were ranged in order within it, +all carrying lighted torches,—a sight which at once +caused surprise and terror. Upon an elevated throne +sat a nymph, covered with a thousand veils of silver +tissue, bespangled with innumerable flowers of gold, +so that her dress, if not rich, was gay and glittering. +Over her head was thrown a transparent gauze, so thin +that through its folds might be seen a most beautiful +face; and from the multitude of lights, it was easy to +discern that she was young as well as beautiful, for she +was evidently under twenty years of age, though not +less than seventeen. Close by her sat a figure, clad in +a magnificent robe reaching to the feet, having his head +covered with a black veil.</p> + +<p>The moment this vast machine arrived opposite to +where the duke and duchess and Don Quixote stood, +the attending music ceased, as well as the harps and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">188</a></span> +lutes within the car. The figure in the gown then +stood up, and throwing open the robe and uncovering +his face; displayed the ghastly countenance of death, +looking so terrific that Don Quixote started, Sancho +was struck with terror, and even the duke and duchess +seemed to betray some symptoms of fear. This living +Death, standing erect, in a dull and drowsy tone and +with a sleepy articulation, spoke as follows:—</p> + + + +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;"><span class="smcap">the enchanter's errand.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Merlin I am, miscalled the devil's son</span> +<span class="i0">In lying annals, authorized by time;</span> +<span class="i0">Monarch supreme, and great depositary</span> +<span class="i0">Of magic art and Zoroastic skill;</span> +<span class="i0">Rival of envious ages, that would hide</span> +<span class="i0">The glorious deeds of errant cavaliers,</span> +<span class="i0">Favored by me and my peculiar charge.</span> +<span class="i0">Though vile enchanters, still on mischief bent,</span> +<span class="i0">To plague mankind their baleful art employ,</span> +<span class="i0">Merlin's soft nature, ever prone to good,</span> +<span class="i0">His power inclines to bless the human race.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">In Hades' chambers, where my busied ghost</span> +<span class="i0">Was forming spells and mystic characters,</span> +<span class="i0">Dulcinea's voice, peerless Tobosan maid,</span> +<span class="i0">With mournful accents reached my pitying ears;</span> +<span class="i0">I knew her woe, her metamorphosed form,</span> +<span class="i0">From high-born beauty in a palace graced,</span> +<span class="i0">To the loathed features of a cottage wench.</span> +<span class="i0">With sympathizing grief I straight revolved</span> +<span class="i0">The numerous tomes of my detested art,</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">189</a></span> +<span class="i0">And in the hollow of this skeleton</span> +<span class="i0">My soul enclosing, hither am I come,</span> +<span class="i0">To tell the cure of such uncommon ills.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">O glory thou of all that case their limbs</span> +<span class="i0">In polished steel and fenceful adamant!</span> +<span class="i0">Light, beacon, polar star, and glorious guide</span> +<span class="i0">Of all who, starting from the lazy down,</span> +<span class="i0">Banish ignoble sleep for the rude toil</span> +<span class="i0">And hardy exercise of errant arms!</span> +<span class="i0">Spain's boasted pride, La Mancha's matchless knight,</span> +<span class="i0">Whose valiant deeds outstrip pursuing fame!</span> +<span class="i0">Wouldst thou to beauty's pristine state restore</span> +<span class="i0">The enchanted dame, Sancho, thy faithful squire,</span> +<span class="i0">Must to his brawny buttocks, bare exposed,</span> +<span class="i0">Three thousand and three hundred stripes apply,</span> +<span class="i0">Such as may sting and give him smarting pain:</span> +<span class="i0">The authors of her change have thus decreed,</span> +<span class="i0">And this is Merlin's errand from the shades.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the parley about the penance.</span></div> + + +<p>"What!" quoth Sancho, "three thousand lashes! +Odd's-flesh! I will as soon give myself three stabs as +three single lashes, much less three thousand! The +devil take this way of disenchanting! I cannot see what +my buttocks have to do with enchantments. Before +Heaven! if Signor Merlin can find out no other way to +disenchant the lady Dulcinea del Toboso, enchanted +she may go to her grave for me!"</p> + +<p>"Not lash thyself! thou garlic-eating wretch!" +quoth Don Quixote; "I shall take thee to a tree, and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">190</a></span> +tie thee naked as thou wert born, and there, not three +thousand and three hundred, but six thousand six +hundred lashes will I give thee, and those so well laid +on that three thousand three hundred hard tugs shall not +tug them off. So answer me not a word, scoundrel! +for I will tear thy very soul out!"</p> + +<p>"It must not be so," said Merlin; "the lashes that +honest Sancho is to receive must not be applied by +force, but with his good-will, and at whatever time he +pleases, for no term is fixed; and furthermore, he is +allowed, if he please, to save himself half the trouble +of applying so many lashes, by having half the number +laid on by another hand, provided that hand be somewhat +heavier than his own."</p> + +<p>"Neither another hand nor my own," quoth Sancho, +"no hand, either heavy or light, shall touch my flesh. +Was the lady Dulcinea brought forth by me that my +posteriors must pay for the transgressions of her eyes? +My master, indeed, who is part of her, since at every +step he is calling her his life, his soul, his support and +stay,—he it is who ought to lash himself for her and +do all that is needful for her delivery; but for me to +whip myself,—no, I pronounce it!"</p> + +<p>No sooner had Sancho thus declared himself than +the spangled nymph who sat by the side of Merlin +arose, and throwing aside her veil, discovered a face +of extraordinary beauty; and with a masculine air +and no very amiable voice, addressed herself to Sancho: +"O wretched squire, with no more soul than a +pitcher! thou heart of cork and bowels of flint! hadst +thou been required, nose-slitting thief! to throw thyself +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">191</a></span> +from some high tower; hadst thou been desired, enemy +of human kind! to eat a dozen of toads, two dozen of +lizards, and three dozen of snakes; hadst thou been +requested to kill thy wife and children with some +bloody and sharp scimitar,—no wonder if thou hadst +betrayed some squeamishness; but to hesitate about +three thousand three hundred lashes, which there is +not a wretched school-boy but receives every month, it +amazes, stupefies, and affrights the tender bowels of all +who hear it, and even of all who shall hereafter be told +it. Cast, thou marble-hearted wretch!—cast, I say, +those huge goggle eyes upon these lovely balls of mine, +that shine like glittering stars, and thou wilt see them +weep, drop by drop, and stream after stream, making +furrows, tracks, and paths down these beautiful cheeks! +Relent, malicious and evil-minded monster! Be moved +by my blooming youth, which, though yet in its teens, +is pining and withering beneath the vile bark of a +peasant wench; and if at this moment I appear otherwise, +it is by the special favor of Signor Merlin, here +present, hoping that these charms may soften that iron +heart, for the tears of afflicted beauty turn rocks into +cotton and tigers into lambs. Lash, untamed beast! +lash away on that brawny flesh of thine, and rouse from +that base sloth which only inclines thee to eat and eat +again, and restore to me the delicacy of my skin, the +sweetness of my temper, and all the charms of beauty. +And if for my sake thou wilt not be mollified into reasonable +compliance, let the anguish of that miserable +knight stir thee to compassion,—thy master, I mean, +whose soul I see sticking crosswise in his throat, not +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">192</a></span> +ten inches from his lips, waiting only thy cruel or kind +answer either to fly out of his mouth or to return joyfully +into his bosom."</p> + +<p>Don Quixote, here putting his finger to his throat, +"Before Heaven!" said he, "Dulcinea is right, for +I here feel my soul sticking in my throat like the stopper +of a crossbow!"</p> + +<p>"What say you to that, Sancho?" quoth the duchess.</p> + +<p>"I say, madam," answered Sancho, "what I have +already said, that as to the lashes, I pronounce them."</p> + +<p>"<i>Renounce</i>, you should say, Sancho," quoth the duke, +"and not pronounce."</p> + +<p>"Please your grandeur to let me alone," replied +Sancho, "for I cannot stand now to a letter more or +less. These lashes so torment me that I know not +what I say or do. But I would fain know one thing +from the Lady Dulcinea del Toboso, and that is, where +she learnt her manner of asking a favor? She comes +to desire me to tear my flesh with stripes, and at the +same time lays upon me such a bead-roll of ill names +that the devil may bear them for me. What! does she +think my flesh is made of brass? or that I care a rush +whether she is enchanted or not? Where are the presents +she has brought to soften me? Instead of a basket +of fine linen shirts, night-caps, and socks (though I wear +none), here is nothing but abuse. Every one knows that +'the golden load is a burden light;' that 'gifts will +make their way through stone walls;' 'pray devoutly +and hammer on stoutly;' and 'one take is worth two +I'll give thee's.' There's his worship my master, too, +instead of wheedling and coaxing me to make myself +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">193</a></span> +wool and carded cotton, threatens to tie me naked to a +tree and double the dose of stripes. These tender-hearted +gentlefolks ought to remember, too, that they +not only desire to have a squire whipped, but a governor, +making no more of it than saying, 'Drink with +your cherries.' Let them learn,—plague take them!—let +them learn how to ask and entreat, and mind +their breeding. All times are not alike, nor are men +always in a humor for all things. At this moment my +heart is ready to burst with grief to see this rent in +my jacket, and people come to desire that I would also +tear my flesh, and that, too, of my own good will. I +have just as much mind to the thing as to turn +Turk."</p> + +<p>"In truth, friend Sancho," said the duke, "if you +do not relent and become softer than a ripe fig, you +finger no government. It were good indeed, that I +should send my islanders a cruel flinty-hearted governor; +one who relents not at the tears of afflicted damsels, +nor at the entreaties of wise, awful, and ancient +enchanters, and sages. In fine, Sancho, either you +must whip yourself, or let others whip you, or be no +governor."</p> + +<p>"My lord," answered Sancho, "may I not be allowed +two days to consider what is best for me to do?"</p> + +<p>"No, in no wise," quoth Merlin; "here, at this instant +and upon this spot, the business must be settled: or +Dulcinea must return to Montesinos' cave, and to her +former condition of a country wench; or else in her +present form be carried to the Elysian fields, where +she must wait till the number of lashes be fulfilled." +</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">194</a></span> +"Come, honest Sancho," quoth the duchess, "be of +good cheer, and show gratitude for the bread you have +eaten of your master Don Quixote, whom we are all +bound to serve for his good qualities and his high +chivalries. Say, yes, son, to this whipping bout, and +the devil take the devil, and let the wretched fear; +for a good heart breaks bad fortune, as you well +know."</p> + +<p>"Hark you, Signor Merlin," quoth Sancho, addressing +himself to the sage; "pray will you tell me one +thing—how comes it about that the devil-courier just +now brought a message to my master from Signor +Montesinos, saying that he would be here anon, to give +directions about this disenchantment; and yet we +have seen nothing of them all this while?"</p> + +<p>"Pshaw!" replied Merlin, "the devil is an ass and +a lying rascal; he was sent from me and not from +Montesinos, who is still in his cave contriving, or +rather awaiting, the end of his enchantment, for the +tail is yet unflayed. If he owes you money, or you +have any other business with him, he shall be forthcoming +in a trice, when and where you think fit; and +therefore come to a decision, and consent to this small +penance, from which both your soul and body will +receive marvellous benefit; your soul by an act of +charity, and your body by a wholesome and timely +bloodletting."</p> + +<p>"How the world swarms with doctors," quoth Sancho, +"the very enchanters seem to be of a trade! +Well, since everybody tells me so, though the thing is +out of all reason, I promise to give myself the three thousand +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">195</a></span> +three hundred lashes, upon condition that I may +lay them on whenever I please, without being tied to +days or times; and I will endeavor to get out of debt +as soon as I possibly can, that the beauty of my lady +Dulcinea del Toboso may shine forth to all the world; +as it seems she is really beautiful, which I much +doubted. Another condition is, that I will not be +bound to draw blood, and if some lashes happen only +to fly-flap, they shall all go into the account. Moreover +if I should mistake in the reckoning, Signor Merlin +here, who knows everything, shall give me notice +how many I want or have exceeded."</p> + +<p>"As for exceedings, there is no need of keeping account +of them," answered Merlin; "for when the +number is completed, that instant will the lady Dulcinea +del Toboso be disenchanted, and come full of gratitude +in search of good Sancho, to thank and even +reward him for the generous deed. So that no scruples +are necessary about surplus and deficiency; and +Heaven forbid that I should allow anybody to be +cheated of a single hair of their head."</p> + +<p>"Go to, then, in God's name," quoth Sancho; "I +must submit to my ill fortune: I say I consent to the +penance upon the conditions I have mentioned."</p> + +<p>No sooner had Sancho pronounced his consent than +the innumerable instruments poured forth their music, +the volleys of musketry were discharged, while Don +Quixote clung about Sancho's neck, giving him, on his +forehead and brawny cheeks, a thousand kisses; the +duke and duchess, and all who were present, likewise +testified their satisfaction. The car now moved on, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">196</a></span> +and in departing the fair Dulcinea bowed her head to +the duke and duchess, and made a low curtesy to +Sancho.</p> + +<p>By this time the cheerful and joyous dawn began to +appear, the flowerets of the fields expanded their fragrant +beauties to the light; and brooks and streams, in +gentle murmurs, ran to pay expecting rivers in their +crystal tribute. The earth rejoiced, the sky was clear, +and the air serene and calm; all, combined and separately, +giving manifest tokens that the day, which followed +fast upon Aurora's heels, would be bright and +fair. The duke and duchess, having happily executed +their ingenious project, returned highly gratified to +their castle, and determined on the continuation of +fictions which afforded more pleasures than realities.</p> + +<hr class="hr" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">sancho panza's letter to his wife teresa panza.</span></div> + +<p>If I have been finely lashed, I have been finely +mounted up: if I have got a good government, it has +cost me many good lashes. This, my dear Teresa, thou +canst not understand at present; another time thou +wilt.</p> + +<p>Thou must know, Teresa, that I am determined that +thou shalt ride in thy coach, which is somewhat to the +purpose, for all other ways of going are no better than +creeping upon all fours, like a cat. Thou shalt be a +governor's wife; see then whether anybody will dare +to tread on thy heels. I here send thee a green hunting-suit +which my lady duchess gave me; fit it up so +that it may serve our daughter for a jacket and petticoat. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">197</a></span> +They say in this country that my master Don +Quixote is a sensible madman and a pleasant fool, and +that I am not a whit behind him. We have been in +Montesino's cave, and the sage Merlin, the wizard, has +pitched upon me to disenchant the Lady Dulcinea del +Toboso, who among you is called Aldonza Lorenzo. +When I have given myself three thousand and three +hundred lashes, lacking five, she will be as free from +enchantment as the mother that bore her.</p> + +<p>Say nothing of this to anybody; for, bring your +affairs into council, and one will cry it is white, another +it is black. A few days hence I shall go to the +government, whither I go with a huge desire to get +money; and I am told it is the same with all new +governors. I will first see how matters stand, and send +thee word whether or not thou shalt come to me.</p> + +<p>Dapple is well, and sends thee his hearty service; +part with him I will not, though I were made the great +Turk. The duchess, my mistress, kisses thy hands a +thousand times over. Return her two thousand; for, +as my master says, nothing is cheaper than civil words. +God has not been pleased to throw in my way another +portmanteau and another hundred crowns, as once before; +but take no heed, my dear Teresa, for he that +has the game in his hand need not mind the loss of a +trick,—the government will make up for all. One +thing only troubles me: I am told if I once try it I +shall eat my very fingers after it; and if so, it will not +be much of a bargain, though, indeed, the crippled and +maimed enjoy a petty canonry in the alms they receive; +so that, one way or another, thou art sure to be rich +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">198</a></span> +and happy. God send it may be so, as He easily can, +and keep me for thy sake.</p> + +<div class="center2"> +Thy husband, the governor,</div> +<p class="quotsig"><span class="smcap">Sancho Panza</span>.</p> +<p><small>From this Castle, the 20th of July, 1614.</small></p> + +<hr class="hr" /> + +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the knight reproved.</span></div> + +<p>After a thousand courtly compliments mutually interchanged, +Don Quixote advanced towards the table, +between the duke and duchess, and, on preparing to +seat themselves, they offered the upper end to Don +Quixote, who would have declined it but for the pressing +importunities of the duke. The ecclesiastic seated +himself opposite to the knight, and the duke and duchess +on each side.</p> + +<p>Sancho was present all the while, in amazement to +see the honor paid by those great people to his master; +and, whilst the numerous entreaties and ceremonies +were passing between the duke and Don Quixote, before +he would sit down at the head of the table, he +said: "With your honor's leave I will tell you a story +of what happened in our town about seats."</p> + +<p>Don Quixote immediately began to tremble, not +doubting that he was going to say something absurd. +Sancho observed him, and, understanding his looks, he +said: "Be not afraid, sir, of my breaking loose or +saying anything that is not pat to the purpose. I have +not forgotten the advice your worship gave me awhile +ago about talking much or little, well or ill."</p> + +<p>"I remember nothing, Sancho," answered Don Quixote; +"say what thou wilt, so as thou sayst it quickly." +</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">199</a></span>"What I would say," quoth Sancho, "is very true, +for my master, Don Quixote, who is present, will not +suffer me to lie."</p> + +<p>"Lie as much as thou wilt for me, Sancho," replied +Don Quixote, "I shall not hinder thee; but take heed +what thou art going to say."</p> + +<p>"I have heeded it over and over again, so that it is +as safe as if I had the game in my hand, as you shall +presently see."</p> + +<p>"Your graces will do well," said Don Quixote, "to +order this blockhead to retire, that you may get rid of +his troublesome folly."</p> + +<p>"By the life of the duke," quoth the duchess, +"Sancho shall not stir a jot from me. I have a great +regard for him, and am assured of his discretion."</p> + +<p>"Many happy years may your holiness live," quoth +Sancho, "for the good opinion you have of me, little +as I deserve it. But the tale I would tell is this—</p> + +<p>"A certain gentleman of our town, very rich and of +a good family,—for he was descended from the Alamos +of Medina del Campo, and married Donna Mencia de +Quinnones, who was daughter to Don Alonzo de Maranon, +knight of the order of St. James, the same that +was drowned in the Herradura, about whom that quarrel +happened in our town, in which it was said my +master Don Quixote had a hand, and Tommy the mad-cap, +son of Balvastro the blacksmith, was hurt. Pray, +good master of mine, is not all this true? Speak, I +beseech you, that their worships may not take me for +some lying prater."</p> + +<p>"As yet," said the ecclesiastic, "I take you rather +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">200</a></span> +for a prater than for a liar; but I know not what I +shall next take you for."</p> + +<p>"Thou hast produced so many witnesses and so many +proofs," said Don Quixote, "that I cannot but say thou +mayst probably be speaking truth; but, for Heaven's +sake, shorten thy story, or it will last these two +days."</p> + +<p>"He shall shorten nothing," quoth the duchess; +"and to please me, he shall tell it his own way, although +he were not to finish these six days; and, should +it last so long, they would be to me days of delight."</p> + +<p>"I must tell you, then," proceeded Sancho, "that +this same gentleman—whom I know as well as I do +my right hand from my left, for it is not a bow-shot +from my house to his—invited a husbandman to dine +with him,—a poor man, but mainly honest."</p> + +<p>"On, friend," said the chaplain, "for, at the rate +you proceed, your tale will not reach its end till you +reach the other world."</p> + +<p>"I shall stop," replied Sancho, "before I get half-way +thither, if it please Heaven! This same farmer +coming to the house of the gentleman his inviter—God +rest his soul, for he is dead and gone; and, moreover, +died like an angel, as it is said,—for I was not +by myself, being at that time gone a reaping to Tembleque."</p> + +<p>"Prithee, son," said the ecclesiastic, "come back +quickly from Tembleque, and stay not to bury the +gentleman, unless you are determined upon more burials. +Pray make an end of your tale."</p> + +<p>"The business, then," quoth Sancho, "was this, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">201</a></span> +that, they being ready to sit down to table,—methinks +I see them plainer than ever."</p> + +<p>The duke and duchess were highly diverted at the +impatience of the good ecclesiastic, and at the length and +pauses of Sancho's tale; but Don Quixote was almost +suffocated with rage and vexation.</p> + +<p>"I say, then," quoth Sancho, "that, as they were +both standing before the dinner-table, just ready to sit +down, the farmer insisted that the gentleman should +take the upper end of the table, and the gentleman as +positively pressed the farmer to take it, saying he ought +to be master in his own house. But the countryman, +piquing himself upon his good breeding, still refused +to comply, till the gentleman, losing all patience, laid +both his hands upon the farmer's shoulders, and made +him sit down by main force, saying, 'Sit thee down, +clod-pole! for in whatever place I am seated, that is +the upper end to thee.' That is my tale, and truly I +think it comes in here pretty much to the purpose."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>All things are not alike, nor are men always in a +humor for all things.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Leave fear to the cowardly.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A stout heart quails misfortune.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Letters written in blood cannot be disputed.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>If you seek advice about your own concerns, one will +say it is white and another will swear it is black.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">202</a></span> +Nothing is so reasonable and cheap as good manners.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He is safe who has good cards to play.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Avarice bursts the bag, and the covetous governor +doeth ungoverned justice.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem3"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The law's measure</span> +<span class="i0">Is the king's pleasure.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The game is as often lost by a card too many as one +too few; but a word to the wise is sufficient.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Come, death, with gently-stealing pace,</span> +<span class="i1">And take me unperceived away,</span> +<span class="i0">Nor let me see thy wished-for face,</span> +<span class="i1">Lest joy my fleeting life should stay.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The tyrant fair whose beauty sent</span> +<span class="i1">The throbbing mischief to my heart,</span> +<span class="i0">The more my anguish to augment,</span> +<span class="i1">Forbids me to reveal the smart.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>When a thing is once begun, it is almost half finished.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">When the heifer you receive,</span> +<span class="i0">Have a halter in your sleeve.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Delay breeds danger.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Who sits in the saddle must get up first.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">203</a></span> +There is nothing so sweet as to command and be +obeyed.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>It is a pleasant thing to govern, even though it be +but a flock of sheep.</p> + +<hr class="three" /> +<p class="indent"><span class="smcap">instructions which don quixote gave to sancho +panza before he went to his government; +with other well considered matters.</span></p> + +<p>The duke and duchess being so well pleased with +the afflicted duenna, were encouraged to proceed with +other projects, seeing that there was nothing too extravagant +for the credulity of the knight and squire. The +necessary orders were accordingly issued to their servants +and vassals with regard to their behavior towards +Sancho in his government of the promised island. +The day after the flight of Clavileno, the duke bade +Sancho prepare, and get himself in readiness to assume +his office, for his islanders were already wishing for +him as for rain in May. Sancho made a low bow, and +said: "Ever since my journey to heaven, when I +looked down and saw the earth so very small, my desire +to be a governor has partly cooled: for what +mighty matter is it to command on a spot no bigger +than a grain of mustard-seed; where is the majesty +and pomp of governing half a dozen creatures no bigger +than hazel-nuts? If your lordship will be pleased +to offer me some small portion of heaven, though it be +but half a league, I would jump at it sooner than for +the largest island in the world."</p> + +<p>"Look you, friend Sancho," answered the duke, "I +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">204</a></span> +can give away no part of heaven, not even a nail's +breadth; for God has reserved to Himself the disposal of +such favors: but what it is in my power to give, I give +you with all my heart; and the island I now present +to you is ready made, round and sound, well-proportioned, +and above measure fruitful, and where, by +good management, you may yourself, with the riches +of the earth, purchase an inheritance in heaven."</p> + +<p>"Well, then," answered Sancho, "let this island be +forthcoming, and it shall go hard with me but I will +be such a governor that, in spite of rogues, heaven will +take me in. Nor is it out of covetousness that I forsake +my humble cottage and aspire to greater things, +but the desire I have to taste what it is to be a governor."</p> + +<p>"If once you taste it, Sancho," quoth the duke, +"you will lick your fingers after it; so sweet it is to +command and be obeyed. And certain I am, when +your master becomes an emperor, of which there is no +doubt, as matters proceed so well, it would be impossible +to wrest his power from him, and his only regret +will be that he had it not sooner."</p> + +<p>"Faith, sir, you are in the right," quoth Sancho, "it +is pleasant to govern, though it be but a flock of sheep."</p> + +<p>"Let me be buried with you, Sancho," replied the +duke, "if you know not something of every thing, +and I doubt not you will prove a pearl of a governor. +But enough of this for the present: to-morrow you +surely depart for your island, and this evening you +shall be fitted with suitable apparel and with all things +necessary for your appointment." +</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">205</a></span> +"Clothe me as you will," said Sancho, "I shall +still be Sancho Panza."</p> + +<p>"That is true," said the duke; "but the garb +should always be suitable to the office and rank of the +wearer: for a lawyer to be habited like a soldier, or a +soldier like a priest, would be preposterous; and you; +Sancho, must be clad partly like a scholar and partly +like a soldier; as, in the office you will hold, arms and +learning are united."</p> + +<p>"As for learning," replied Sancho, "I have not +much of that, for I hardly know my A B C; but to be +a good governor, it will be enough that I am able to +make my Christ-cross; and as to arms, I shall handle +such as are given me till I fall, and so God help me."</p> + +<p>"With so good an intention," quoth the duke, +"Sancho cannot do wrong."</p> + +<p>Here they were joined by Don Quixote, who understanding +the subject of their conversation, and the short +space allotted to Sancho to prepare for his departure, +took the squire by the hand, with the duke's permission, +and led him to his apartment, in order to instruct +him how to behave in his office. Having entered the +chamber he locked the door, and obliging Sancho to +sit down by him, spoke to this effect, in a grave and +solemn tone:—</p> + +<p>"I return infinite thanks to Heaven, friend Sancho, +for having ordained that, before I myself have met +with the least success, good fortune hath gone forth to +bid thee welcome. I, who had balanced the remuneration +of thy service in my own prosperity, find myself +in the very rudiments of promotion; while thou, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">206</a></span> +before thy time, and contrary to all the laws of reasonable +progression, findest thy desire accomplished: +other people bribe, solicit, importune, attend levees, +entreat, and persevere, without obtaining their suit; +and another comes, who, without knowing why or +wherefore, finds himself in possession of that office to +which so many people laid claim: and here the old +saying is aptly introduced, 'A pound of good luck is +worth a ton of merit.' Thou, who, in comparison to +me, art doubtless an ignorant dunce, without rising +early or sitting up late, or, indeed, exerting the least +industry: without any pretension more or less than +that of being breathed upon by knight-errantry, seest +thyself created governor of an island as if it was a +matter of moonshine.</p> + +<p>"All this I observe, O Sancho, that thou mayst not +attribute thy success to thy own deserts: but give +thanks to heaven for having disposed matters so beneficially +in thy behalf, and then make thy acknowledgments +to that grandeur which centres in the profession +of knight-errantry. Thy heart being thus predisposed +to believe what I have said, be attentive, O my son, to +me who am thy Cato, thy counsellor, thy north-pole +and guide, to conduct thee into a secure harbor from +the tempestuous sea into which thou art going to be +engulfed; for great posts and offices of state are no +other than a profound gulf of confusion.</p> + +<p>"In the first place, O my son, you are to fear God: +the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom; and if +you are wise you cannot err.</p> + +<p>"Secondly, you must always remember who you are, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">207</a></span> +and endeavor to know yourself,—a study of all others +the most difficult. This self-knowledge will hinder you +from blowing yourself up like the frog in order to rival +the size of the ox: if, therefore, you succeed in this +learning, the consideration of thy having been a swineherd +will, like the peacock's ugly feet, be a check upon +thy folly and pride."</p> + +<p>"I own I once took care of hogs when I was a boy," +said Sancho; "but, after I grew up, I quitted that employment +and took care of geese; but I apprehend that +matter is not of great consequence, for all governors +are not descended from the kingly race."</p> + +<p>"No, sure," answered the knight; "and, for that +reason, those who are not of noble extraction ought +to sweeten the gravity of their function with mildness +and affability: which, being prudently conducted, will +screen them from those malicious murmurs that no +station can escape.</p> + +<p>"Conceal not the meanness of thy family, nor think +it disgraceful to be descended from peasants; for, when +it is seen that thou art not thyself ashamed, none will +endeavor to make thee so; and deem it more meritorious +to be a virtuous humble man than a lofty sinner. +Infinite is the number of those who, born of low extraction, +have risen to the highest dignities both in church +and state; and of this truth I could tire thee with +examples.</p> + +<p>"If thou takest virtue for the rule of life, and valuest +thyself upon acting in all things conformably thereto, +thou wilt have no cause to envy lords and princes; for +blood is inherited, but virtue is a common property and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">208</a></span> +may be acquired by all. It has, moreover, an intrinsic +worth which blood has not. This being so, if, peradventure, +any one of thy kindred visit thee in thy government, +do not slight nor affront him; but receive, +cherish, and make much of him, for in so doing thou +wilt please God, who allows none of His creatures to +be despised; and thou wilt also manifest therein a +well-disposed nature.</p> + +<p>"If thou takest thy wife with thee (and it is not +well for those who are appointed to governments to be +long separated from their families), teach, instruct, and +polish her from her natural rudeness; for it often happens +that all the consideration a wise governor can +acquire is lost by an ill-bred and foolish woman.</p> + +<p>"If thou shouldst become a widower (an event which +is possible), and thy station entitles thee to a better +match, seek not one to serve thee for a hook and +angling-rod, or a friar's hood to receive alms in;<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">11</a> for, +believe me, whatever the judge's wife receives, the +husband must account for at the general judgment, +and shall be made to pay fourfold for all that of which +he has rendered no account during his life.</p> + +<p>"Be not under the dominion of thine own will: it +is the vice of the ignorant, who vainly presume on their +own understanding.</p> + +<p>"Let the tears of the poor find more compassion, +but not more justice, from thee than the applications +of the wealthy.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">209</a></span> +"Be equally solicitous to sift out the truth amidst +the presents and promises of the rich and the sighs and +entreaties of the poor.</p> + +<p>"Whenever equity may justly temper the rigor of +the law, let not the whole force of it bear upon the +delinquent; for it is better that a judge should lean +on the side of compassion than severity.</p> + +<p>"If, perchance, the scales of justice be not correctly +balanced, let the error be imputable to pity, not to +gold.</p> + +<p>"If, perchance, the cause of thine enemy come before +thee, forget thy injuries, and think only on the +merits of the case.</p> + +<p>"Let not private affection blind thee in another +man's cause; for the errors thou shalt thereby commit +are often without remedy, and at the expense both of +thy reputation and fortune.</p> + +<p>"When a beautiful woman comes before thee to +demand justice, consider maturely the nature of her +claim, without regarding either her tears or her sighs, +unless thou wouldst expose thy judgment to the danger +of being lost in the one, and thy integrity in the other.</p> + +<p>"Revile not with words him whom thou hast to correct +with deeds; the punishment which the unhappy +wretch is doomed to suffer is sufficient, without the +addition of abusive language.</p> + +<p>"When the criminal stands before thee, recollect the +frail and depraved nature of man, and as much as thou +canst, without injustice to the suffering party, show +pity and clemency; for, though the attributes of God +are all equally adorable, yet His mercy is more shining +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">210</a></span> +and attractive in our eyes, and strikes with greater +lustre, than His justice.</p> + +<p>"If you observe, and conduct yourself by these rules +and precepts, Sancho, your days will be long upon the +face of the earth; your fame will be eternal, your reward +complete, and your felicity unutterable; your +children will be married according to your wish; they +and their descendants will enjoy titles; you shall live +in peace and friendship with all mankind; when your +course of life is run, death will overtake you in a happy +and mature old age, and your eyes will be shut by the +tender and delicate hands of your posterity, in the third +or fourth generation.</p> + +<p>"The remarks I have hitherto made are documents +touching the decoration of your soul; and now you will +listen to the directions I have to give concerning thy +person and deportment."</p> + + + +<hr class="hr" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">of the second series of instructions don +quixote gave to sancho panza.</span></div> + +<p>Who that has duly considered Don Quixote's instructions +to his squire would not have taken him for a +person of singular intelligence and discretion? But, +in truth, as it has often been said in the progress of +this great history, he raved only on the subject of +chivalry; on all others he manifested a sound and +discriminating understanding; wherefore his judgment +and his actions appeared continually at variance. But, +in these second instructions given to Sancho, which +showed much ingenuity, his wisdom and frenzy are +both singularly conspicuous.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">211</a></span> +During the whole of this private conference, Sancho +listened to his master with great attention, and endeavored +so to register his counsel in his mind that he might +thereby be enabled to bear the burden of government +and acquit himself honorably. Don Quixote now proceeded:—</p> + +<p>"As to the regulation of thine own person and domestic +concerns," said he, "in the first place, Sancho, +I enjoin thee to be cleanly in all things. Keep the +nails of thy fingers constantly and neatly pared, nor +suffer them to grow as some do, who ignorantly imagine +that long nails beautify the hand, and account the +excess of that excrement simply a finger-nail, whereas +it is rather the talon of the lizard-hunting kestrel,—a +foul and unsightly object. A slovenly dress betokens +a careless mind; or, as in the case of Julius Cæsar, it +may be attributed to cunning.</p> + +<p>"Examine prudently the income of thy office, and +if it will afford thee to give liveries to thy servants, +give them such as are decent and lasting, rather than +gaudy and modish; and what thou shalt thus save in +thy servants bestow on the poor; so shalt thou have +attendants both in heaven and earth—a provision +which our vain-glorious great never think of.</p> + +<p>"Eat neither garlic nor onions, lest the smell betray +thy rusticity. Walk with gravity, and speak deliberately, +but not so as to seem to be listening to thyself; +for affectation is odious.</p> + +<p>"Eat little at dinner and less at supper; for the +health of the whole body is tempered in the laboratory +of the stomach.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">212</a></span> +"Drink with moderation; for inebriety never keeps +a secret nor performs a promise.</p> + +<p>"In the next place, Sancho, do not intermix in thy +discourse such a multitude of proverbs as thou wert +wont to do; for though proverbs are concise and pithy +sentences, thou dost so often drag them in by the head +and shoulders that they look more like the ravings of +distraction than well-chosen apothegms."</p> + +<p>"That defect God himself must remedy," said Sancho; +"for I have more proverbs by heart than would +be sufficient to fill a large book; and, when I speak, +they crowd together in such a manner as to quarrel for +utterance; so that my tongue discharges them just as +they happen to be in the way, whether they are or are +not to the purpose: but I will take care henceforward +to throw out those that may be suitable to the gravity of +my office: for, 'Where there's plenty of meat, the supper +will soon be complete;' 'He that shuffles does not +cut;' 'A good hand makes a short game;' and, 'It +requires a good brain to know when to give and +retain.'"</p> + +<p>"Courage, Sancho," cried Don Quixote; "squeeze, +tack, and string your proverbs together; here are none +to oppose you. My mother whips me, and I whip the +top. Here am I exhorting thee to suppress thy proverbs, +and in an instant thou hast spewed forth a whole +litany of them, which are as foreign from the subject +as an old ballad. Remember, Sancho, I do not say +that a proverb properly applied is amiss; but, to throw +in, and string together old saws helter-skelter, renders +conversation altogether mean and despicable.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">213</a></span> +"When you appear on horseback do not lean backward +over the saddle, nor stretch out your legs stiffly +from the horse's belly, nor let them hang dangling in +a slovenly manner, as if you were upon the back of +Dapple; for some ride like jockeys, and some like gentlemen.</p> + +<p>"Be very moderate in sleeping; for he who does not +rise with the sun cannot enjoy the day; and observe, +O Sancho, industry is the mother of prosperity; and +laziness, her opposite, never saw the accomplishment +of a good wish.</p> + +<p>"This is all the advice, friend Sancho, that occurs +to me at present; hereafter, as occasions offer, my instructions +will be ready, provided thou art mindful to +inform me of the state of thy affairs."</p> + +<p>"Sir," answered Sancho, "I see very well that all +your worship has told me is wholesome and profitable; +but what shall I be the better for it if I cannot keep it +in my head? It is true, I shall not easily forget what +you have said about paring my nails, and marrying +again if the opportunity offers; but for your other +quirks and quillets, I protest they have already gone out +of my head as clean as last year's clouds; and therefore, +let me have them in writing; for though I cannot +read them myself, I will give them to my confessor, that +he may repeat and drive them into me in time of need."</p> + +<p>"Heaven defend me!" said Don Quixote, "how +scurvy doth it look in a governor to be unable to read +or write! Indeed, Sancho, I must needs tell thee that +when a man has not been taught to read, or is left-handed, +it argues that his parentage was very low, or +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">214</a></span> +that, in early life, he was so indocile and perverse that +his teachers could beat nothing good into him. Truly +this is a great defect in thee, and therefore I would +have thee learn to write, even if it were only thy +name."</p> + +<p>"That I can do already," quoth Sancho; "for +when I was steward of the brotherhood in our village, +I learned to make certain marks like those upon wool-packs, +which they told me, stood for my name. But, +at the worst, I can feign a lameness in my right hand, +and get another to sign for me: there is a remedy for +every thing but death; and, having the staff in my +hand, I can do what I please. Besides, as your worship +knows, he whose father is mayor <a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">12</a> +—and I, being governor, am, I trow, something more than mayor.</p> + +<p>"Ay, ay, let them come that list, and play at bo-peep—ay, +fleer and backbite me; but they may come +for wool and go back shorn: 'His home is savory +whom God loves;'—besides, 'The rich man's blunders +pass current for wise maxims;' so that I, being a +governor, and therefore wealthy, and bountiful to boot—as +I intend to be—nobody will see any blemish in +me. No, no, let the clown daub himself with honey, +and he will never want flies. 'As much as you have, +just so much you are worth,' said my grandam; revenge +yourself upon the rich who can."</p> + +<p>"Heaven confound thee!" exclaimed Don Quixote; +"sixty thousand devils take thee and thy proverbs! +This hour, or more, thou hast been stringing thy +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">215</a></span> +musty wares, poisoning and torturing me without +mercy. Take my word for it, these proverbs will one +day bring thee to the gallows;—they will surely provoke +thy people to rebellion! Where dost thou find +them? How shouldst thou apply them, idiot? for I +toil and sweat as if I were delving the ground to utter +but one, and apply it properly."</p> + + +<p>"Before Heaven, master of mine," replied Sancho, +"your worship complains of very trifles. Why, in the +devil's name, are you angry that I make use of my own +goods? for other stock I have none, nor any stock but +proverbs upon proverbs; and just now I have four +ready to pop out, all pat and fitting as pears in a pannier—but +I am dumb: Silence is my name."<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">13</a></p> + +<p>"Then art thou vilely miscalled," quoth Don Quixote, +"being an eternal babbler. Nevertheless, I +would fain know these four proverbs that come so pat +to the purpose; for I have been rummaging my own +memory, which is no bad one, but for the soul of me, I +can find none."</p> + +<p>"Can there be better," quoth Sancho, "than—'Never +venture your fingers between two eye-teeth;' +and with 'Get out of my house—what would you +have with my wife?' there is no arguing; and, +'Whether the pitcher hits the stone, or the stone hits +the pitcher, it goes ill with the pitcher.' All these, +your worship must see, fit to a hair. Let no one +meddle with the governor or his deputy, or he will +come off the worst, like him who claps his finger between +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">216</a></span> +two eye-teeth, and though they were not eye-teeth, +'tis enough if they be but teeth. To what a governor +says there is no replying, any more than to 'Get +out of my house—what business have you with my +wife?' Then as to the stone and the pitcher—a blind +man may see that. So he who points to the mote in +another man's eye, should first look to the beam in his +own, that it may not be said of him, the dead woman +was afraid of her that was flayed. Besides, your worship +knows well that the fool knows more in his own +house than the wise in that of another."</p> + + +<p>"Not so, Sancho," answered Don Quixote, "the +fool knows nothing, either in his own or any other +house; for knowledge is not to be erected upon so bad +a foundation as folly. But here let it rest, Sancho, for, +if thou governest ill, though the fault will be thine, the +shame will be mine. However, I am comforted in +having given thee the best counsel in my power; and +therein having done my duty, I am acquitted both of +my obligation and promise; so God speed thee, Sancho, +and govern thee in thy government, and deliver +me from the fears I entertain that thou wilt turn the +whole island topsy-turvy!—which, indeed, I might +prevent by letting the duke know what thou art, and +telling him that all that paunch-gut and little carcass +of thine is nothing but a sack full of proverbs and +impertinence."</p> + +<p>"Signor," replied Sancho, "if your worship really +thinks I am not qualified for that government, I renounce +it from henceforward forever, amen. I have +a greater regard for a nail's breadth of my soul than +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">217</a></span> +my whole body; and I can subsist, as bare Sancho, +upon a crust of bread and an onion, as well as governor +on capons and partridges; for, while we sleep, great +and small, rich and poor, are equal all. If your worship +will consider, your worship will find that you +yourself put this scheme of government into my head. +As for my own part, I know no more of the matter +than a bustard; and, if you think the governorship will +be the means of my going to the devil, I would much +rather go as simple Sancho to Heaven than as a governor +to hell-fire."</p> + +<p>"Before God!" cried the knight, "from these last +reflections thou hast uttered, I pronounce thee worthy +to govern a thousand islands. Thou hast an excellent +natural disposition, without which all science is naught. +Recommend thyself to God, and endeavor to avoid +errors in the first intention. I mean, let thy intention +and unshaken purpose be to deal righteously in all thy +transactions, for Heaven always favors the upright design. +And now let us go in to dinner, for I believe +their graces wait for us."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Without discretion there can be no wit.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>O poverty, poverty! I know not what should induce +the great Cordovan poet to call thee a holy, unrequited +gift. I, though a Moor, am very sensible, from my +correspondence with Christians, that holiness consists +in charity, humility, faith, poverty, and obedience; +yet, nevertheless, I will affirm that he must be holy +indeed, who can sit down content with poverty, unless +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">218</a></span> +we mean that kind of poverty to which one of the +greatest saints alludes, when he says, "Possess of all +things as not possessing them;" and this is called +spiritual poverty. But thou second poverty, which is +the cause I spoke of, why wouldst thou assault gentlemen +of birth rather than any other class of people? +Why dost thou compel them to cobble their shoes, and +wear upon their coats one button of silk, another of +hair, and a third of glass? Why must their ruffs be +generally yellow and ill-starched? (By the by, from +this circumstance we learn the antiquity of ruffs and +starch. But thus he proceeds:) O wretched man of +noble pedigree! who is obliged to administer cordials +to his honor, in the midst of hunger and solitude, by +playing the hypocrite with a toothpick, which he affects +to use in the street, though he has eat nothing to require +that act of cleanliness. Wretched he, I say, whose honor +is ever apt to be startled, and thinks that everybody at +a league's distance observes the patch upon his shoe, +his greasy hat, and his threadbare cloak, and even the +hunger that consumes him.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Better a blush on the face than a stain in the heart.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Look not in last year's nests for this year's birds.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">a serenade.</span></div> + +<p>And he forthwith imagined that some damsel belonging +to the duchess had become enamored of him. +Though somewhat fearful of the beautiful foe, he resolved +to fortify his heart, and on no account to yield; +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">219</a></span> +so, commending himself with fervent devotion to his +mistress, Dulcinea del Toboso, he determined to listen to +the music; and to let the damsel know he was there he +gave a feigned sneeze, at which they were not a little +pleased, as they desired above all things that he should +hear them. The harp being now tuned, Altisidora +began the following song<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">14</a>:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Wake, sir knight, now love's invading,</span> +<span class="i1">Sleep in Holland sheets no more;</span> +<span class="i0">When a nymph is serenading,</span> +<span class="i1">'Tis an arrant shame to snore.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Hear a damsel tall and tender,</span> +<span class="i1">Moaning in most rueful guise,</span> +<span class="i0">With heart almost burned to cinder</span> +<span class="i1">By the sunbeams of thine eyes.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">To free damsels from disaster</span> +<span class="i1">Is, they say, your daily care:</span> +<span class="i0">Can you then deny a plaster</span> +<span class="i1">To a wounded virgin here?</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Tell me, doughty youth, who cursed thee</span> +<span class="i1">With such humors and ill-luck?</span> +<span class="i0">Was't some sullen bear dry-nursed thee,</span> +<span class="i1">Or she-dragon gave thee suck?</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Dulcinea, that virago,</span> +<span class="i0">Well may brag of such a Cid,</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">220</a></span> +<span class="i0">Now her fame is up, and may go</span> +<span class="i1">From Toledo to Madrid.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Would she but her prize surrender,</span> +<span class="i1">(Judge how on thy face I dote!)</span> +<span class="i0">In exchange I'd gladly send her</span> +<span class="i1">My best gown and petticoat.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Happy I, would fortune doom me</span> +<span class="i1">But to have me near thy bed,</span> +<span class="i0">Stroke thee, pat thee, currycomb thee,</span> +<span class="i1">And hunt o'er thy knightly head.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">But I ask too much, sincerely,</span> +<span class="i1">And I doubt I ne'er must do't,</span> +<span class="i0">I'd but kiss your toe, and fairly</span> +<span class="i1">Get the length thus of your foot.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">How I'd rig thee, and what riches</span> +<span class="i1">Should be heaped upon thy bones!</span> +<span class="i0">Caps and socks, and cloaks and breeches,</span> +<span class="i1">Matchless pearls and precious stones.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Do not from above, like Nero,</span> +<span class="i1">See me burn and slight my woe,</span> +<span class="i0">But to quench my fires, my hero,</span> +<span class="i1">Cast a pitying eye below.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">I'm a virgin-pullet, truly;</span> +<span class="i1">One more tender ne'er was seen.</span> +<span class="i0">A mere chicken fledged but newly;—</span> +<span class="i1">Hang me if I'm yet fifteen.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">221</a></span> +<span class="i0">Wind and limb, all's tight about me,</span> +<span class="i0">My hair dangles to my feet;</span> +<span class="i0">I am straight, too:—if you doubt me,</span> +<span class="i1">Trust your eyes, come down and see't.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">I've a bob nose has no fellow,</span> +<span class="01">And a sparrow's mouth as rare;</span> +<span class="i0">Teeth, like bright topazes, yellow;</span> +<span class="i1">Yet I'm deemed a beauty here.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">You know what a rare musician</span> +<span class="i1">(If you hearken) courts your choice;</span> +<span class="i0">I dare say my disposition</span> +<span class="i1">Is as taking as my voice.</span> +</div></div> + +<p>Here ended the song of the amorous Altisidora, and +began the alarm of the courted Don Quixote, who, +fetching a deep sigh, said within himself: "Why am +I so unhappy a knight-errant that no damsel can see +but she must presently fall in love with me? Why is +the peerless Dulcinea so unlucky that she must not be +suffered singly to enjoy this my incomparable constancy? +Queens, what would ye have with her? +Empresses, why do ye persecute her? Damsels from +fourteen to fifteen, why do ye plague her? Leave, +leave the poor creature; let her triumph and glory in +the lot which love bestowed upon her in the conquest +of my heart and the surrender of my soul. Take notice, +enamored multitude, that to Dulcinea alone I am +paste and sugar, and to all others flint. To her I am +honey, and to the rest of ye aloes. To me, Dulcinea +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">222</a></span> +alone is beautiful, discreet, lively, modest, and well-born; +all the rest of her sex foul, foolish, fickle, and +base-born. To be hers, and hers alone, nature sent me +into the world. Let Altisidora weep or sing, let the +lady despair on whose account I was buffeted in the +castle of the enchanted Moor; boiled or roasted, Dulcinea's +I must be, clean, well-bred, and chaste, in spite +of all the necromantic powers on earth."</p> + +<hr class="hr" /> +<p class="indent"><span class="smcap">how the great sancho panza took possession of +his island, and of the manner of his beginning +to govern it.—the governor's wisdom.</span></p> + +<p>O thou ceaseless discoverer of the antipodes, torch of +the world, eye of Heaven, and sweet cause of earthen +wine coolers; here Thymbrius, there Phœbus; here +archer, there physician, father of poesy, inventor of +music; thou who always risest, and, though thou seemest +to do so, never settest,—to thee I speak, O sun! +thee I invoke to favor and enlighten the obscurity of +the great Sancho Panza; without thee I find myself +indolent, dispirited, and confused!</p> + +<p>Sancho, then, with all his attendants, arrived at a +town containing about a thousand inhabitants, which +was one of the largest and best the duke had. They +gave him to understand that it was called the island of +Barataria, either because Barataria was really the name +of the place, or because he obtained the government of +it at so cheap a rate. On his arrival near the gates +of the town, which was walled about, the municipal +officers came out to receive him. The bells rung, and, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">223</a></span> +with all the demonstrations of a general joy and a great +deal of pomp, the people conducted him to the great +church to give thanks to God. Presently after, with +certain ridiculous ceremonies, they presented him the +keys of the town and constituted him perpetual governor +of the island of Barataria. The garb, the beard, +the thickness and shortness of the new governor, surprised +all who were not in the secret, and, indeed, those +who were, who were not a few. In fine, as soon as they +had brought him out of the church, they carried him to +the tribunal of justice and placed him in the chair. +The duke's steward then said to him, "It is an ancient +custom here, my lord governor, that he who comes to +take possession of this famous island is obliged to answer +a question put to him, which is to be somewhat +intricate and difficult. By his answer the people are +enabled to feel the pulse of their new governor's understanding, +and, accordingly, are either glad or sorry for +his coming."</p> + +<p>While the steward was saying this, Sancho was +staring at some capital letters written on the wall +opposite to his chair, and, being unable to read, he +asked what that writing was on the wall. He was answered, +"Sir, it is there written on what day your +honor took possession of this island. The inscription +runs thus: 'This day, such a day of the month and +year, Signor Don Sancho Panza took possession of this +island. Long may he enjoy it.'"</p> + +<p>"Pray who is it they call Don Sancho Panza?" +demanded Sancho.</p> + +<p>"Your lordship," answered the steward! "for no +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">224</a></span> +other Panza, besides him now in the chair, ever came +into this island."</p> + +<p>"Take notice, then, brother," returned Sancho, "that +the <i>Don</i> does not belong to me, nor ever did to any of +my family. I am called plain Sancho Panza: my +father was a Sancho, and my grandfather was a Sancho, +and they were all Panzas, without any addition +of <i>Dons</i>, or any other title whatever. I fancy there are +more <i>Dons</i> than stones in this island. But enough: God +knows my meaning: and perhaps, if my government +lasts four days, I may weed out these <i>Dons</i> that over-run +the country, and, by their numbers, are as troublesome +as mosquitoes and cousins. On with your +question, Master Steward, and I will answer the best I +can, let the people be sorry or rejoice."</p> + +<p>About this time two men came into the court, the one +clad like a country fellow, and the other like a tailor, +with a pair of shears in his hand; and the tailor said: +"My lord governor, I and this countryman come before +your worship by reason this honest man came +yesterday to my shop (saving your presence, I am a +tailor, and have passed my examination, God be +thanked), and putting a piece of cloth into my hands, +asked me, 'Sir, is there enough of this to make me a +cap?' I, measuring the piece, answered Yes. Now +he bade me view it again, and see if there was not +enough for two. I guessed his drift, and told him +there was. Persisting in his knavish intentions, my +customer went on increasing the number of caps, and +I still saying yes, till we came to five caps. A little +time ago he came to claim them. I offered them to +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">225</a></span> +him, but he refuses to pay me for the making, and insists +I shall either return him his cloth, or pay him for +it."</p> + +<p>"Is all this so, brother?" demanded Sancho.</p> + +<p>"Yes," answered the man; "but pray, my lord, +make him produce the five caps he has made me."</p> + +<p>"With all my heart," answered the tailor; and +pulling his hand from under his cloak, he showed the +five caps on the ends of his fingers and thumb, saying: +"Here are the five caps this honest man would have +me make, and on my soul and conscience, not a shred +of the cloth is left, and I submit the work to be viewed +by any inspectors of the trade."</p> + +<p>All present laughed at the number of the caps and the +novelty of the suit. Sancho reflected a moment, and +then said: "I am of opinion there needs no great +delay in this suit, and it may be decided very equitably +off-hand. Therefore I pronounce, that the tailor +lose the making, and the countryman the stuff, and +that the caps be confiscated to the use of the poor: and +there is an end of that."</p> + +<p>If the sentence Sancho afterwards passed on the +purse of the herdsman caused the admiration of all the +bystanders, this excited their laughter. However, +what the governor commanded was executed, and two +old men next presented themselves before him. One +of them carried a cane in his hand for a staff; the +other, who had no staff, said to Sancho: "My lord, +some time ago I lent this man ten crowns of gold to +oblige and serve him, upon condition that he should +return them on demand. I let some time pass without +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">226</a></span> +asking for them, being loth to put him to a greater +strait to pay me than he was in when I lent them. +But at length, thinking it full time to be repaid, I +asked him for my money more than once, but to no +purpose: he not only refuses payment, but denies the +debt, and says I never lent him any such sum, or, if I +did that he had already paid me. I have no witnesses +to the loan, nor has he of the payment which he pretends +to have made, but which I deny; yet if he will +swear before your worship that he has returned the +money, I from this minute acquit him before God and +the world."</p> + +<p>"What say you to this, old gentleman?" quoth +Sancho.</p> + +<p>"I confess, my lord," replied the old fellow, "that +he did lend me the money, and if your worship pleases +to hold down your wand of justice, since he leaves it to +my oath, I will swear I have really and truly returned +it to him."</p> + +<p>The governor accordingly held down his wand, and +the old fellow, seeming encumbered with his staff, gave +it to his creditor to hold while he was swearing; and +then taking hold of the cross of the wand, he said it was +true indeed the other had lent him ten crowns, but +that he had restored them to him into his own hand; +but having, he supposed, forgotten it, he was continually +dunning him for them. Upon which his lordship +the governor demanded of the creditor what he had to +say in reply to the solemn declaration he had heard. +He said that he submitted, and could not doubt but +that his debtor had sworn the truth; for he believed +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">227</a></span> +him to be an honest man and a good Christian; and +that, as the fault must have been in his own memory, he +would thenceforward ask him no more for his money. +The debtor now took his staff again, and bowing to +the governor, went out of court.</p> + +<p>Sancho having observed the defendant take his staff +and walk away, and noticing also the resignation of +the plaintiff, he began to meditate, and laying the +fore-finger of his right hand upon his forehead, he continued +a short time apparently full of thought; and +then raising his head, he ordered the old man with the +staff to be called back; and when he had returned, +"Honest friend," said the governor, "give me that +staff, for I have occasion for it."</p> + +<p>"With all my heart," answered the old fellow; and +delivered it into his hand. Sancho took it, and giving +it to the other old man, said: "Go about your +business, in God's name, for you are paid." "I, my +lord," answered the old man; "what! is this cane +worth ten golden crowns?"</p> + +<p>"Yes," quoth the governor, "or I am the greatest +dunce in the world! and now it shall appear whether +I have a head to govern a whole kingdom." Straight +he commanded the cane to be broken before them all. +Which being done there were found in the hollow of it +ten crowns in gold.</p> + +<p>All were struck with admiration, and took their new +governor for a second Solomon. They asked him, +whence he had collected that the ten crowns were in +the cane. He answered, that upon seeing the old man +give it his adversary, while he was taking the oath, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">228</a></span> +and swearing that he had really and truly restored +them into his own hands, and, when he had done, ask +for it again, it came into his imagination, the money +in dispute must be in the hollow of the cane. Whence +it may be gathered, that, God Almighty often directs +the judgment of those who govern, though otherwise +mere blockheads: besides, he had heard the priest of +his parish tell a like case; and, were it not that he was +so unlucky as to forget all he had a mind to remember, +his memory was so good, there would not have been +a better in the whole island.</p> + +<p>At length, both the old men marched off, the one +ashamed, and the other satisfied; the bystanders were +surprised, and the secretary, who minuted down the +words, actions, and behavior of Sancho Panza, could not +determine with himself, whether he should set him down +for a wise man or a fool. All the court were in admiration +at the acuteness and wisdom of their new governor; +all of whose sentences and decrees, being noted down by +the appointed historiographer, were immediately transmitted +to the duke, who waited for these accounts with +the utmost impatience.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>We see that governors, though otherwise fools, are +sometimes directed in their decisions by the hand of +God.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Time is ever moving; nothing ever can impede his +course.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>An understanding in the beginning is often an effectual +cure for those who are indiscreetly in love.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">229</a></span> +At eleven o'clock Don Quixote retired to his apartment, +and finding a lute there, he tuned it, opened the +window, and, perceiving there was somebody walking +in the garden, he ran over the strings of the instrument; +and, having tuned it again as nicely as he +could, he coughed and cleared his throat; and then, +with a voice somewhat hoarse, yet not unmusical, he +sang the following song, which he had composed himself +that very day:—</p> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 9em;">THE ADVICE.</span></p> +<p><span style="margin-left: 7em;"><span class="smcap">matteaux's translation.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Love, a strong, designing foe.</span> +<span class="i1">Careless hearts with ease deceives;</span> +<span class="i0">Can thy breast resist his blow,</span> +<span class="i1">Which your sloth unguarded leaves?</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">If you're idle you're destroyed,</span> +<span class="i1">All his art on you he tries;</span> +<span class="i0">But be watchful and employed,</span> +<span class="i1">Straight the baffled tempter flies.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Maids for modest grace admired,</span> +<span class="i1">If they would their fortunes raise,</span> +<span class="i0">Must in silence live retired:</span> +<span class="i1">'Tis their virtue speaks their praise.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The divine Tobosan fair,</span> +<span class="i1">Dulcinea, claims me whole;</span> +<span class="i0">Nothing can her image tear!</span> +<span class="i1">'Tis one substance with my soul.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">230</a></span> +<span class="i0">Then let fortune smile or frown,</span> +<span class="i1">Nothing shall my faith remove;</span> +<span class="i0">Constant truth, the lover's crown,</span> +<span class="i1">Can work miracles in love.</span> +</div></div> + + +<p><span style="margin-left: 4em;"><span class="smcap">the same as translated by smollett.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Love, with idleness combined,</span> +<span class="i0">Will unhinge the tender mind:</span> +<span class="i0">But to few, to work and move,</span> +<span class="i0">Will exclude the force of love.</span> +<span class="i0">Blooming maids that would be married,</span> +<span class="i0">Must in virtue be unwearied;</span> +<span class="i0">Modesty a dower will raise,</span> +<span class="i0">And be a trumpet of their praise.</span> +<span class="i0">A cavalier will sport and play</span> +<span class="i0">With a damsel frank and gay;</span> +<span class="i0">But, when wedlock is his aim,</span> +<span class="i0">Choose a maid of sober fame.</span> +<span class="i0">Passion kindled in the breast,</span> +<span class="i0">By a stranger or a guest,</span> +<span class="i0">Enters with the rising sun,</span> +<span class="i0">And fleets before his race be run:</span> +<span class="i0">Love that comes so suddenly,</span> +<span class="i0">Ever on the wing to fly,</span> +<span class="i0">Neither can nor will impart</span> +<span class="i0">Strong impressions to the heart.</span> +<span class="i0">Pictures drawn on pictures, show</span> +<span class="i0">Strange confusion to the view:</span> +<span class="i0">Second beauty finds no base,</span> +<span class="i0">Where a first has taken place:</span> +<span class="i0">Then Dulcinea still shall reign</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">231</a></span> +<span class="i0">Without a rival or a stain;</span> +<span class="i0">Nor shall fate itself control</span> +<span class="i0">Her sway, or blot her from my soul:</span> +<span class="i0">Constancy, the lover's boast,</span> +<span class="i0">I'll maintain whate'er it cost:</span> +<span class="i0">This, my virtue will refine;</span> +<span class="i0">This will stamp my joys divine.</span> +</div></div> + + +<p><span style="margin-left: 4em;"><span class="smcap">the same as translated by jarvis.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Love, with idleness is friend,</span> +<span class="i0">O'er a maiden gains its end:</span> +<span class="i0">But let business and employment</span> +<span class="i0">Fill up every careful moment;</span> +<span class="i0">These an antidote will prove</span> +<span class="i0">'Gainst the pois'nous arts of love.</span> +<span class="i0">Maidens that aspire to marry,</span> +<span class="i0">In their looks reserve should carry:</span> +<span class="i0">Modesty their price should raise,</span> +<span class="i0">And be the herald of their praise.</span> +<span class="i0">Knights, whom toils of arms employ,</span> +<span class="i0">With the free may laugh and toy;</span> +<span class="i0">But the modest only, choose</span> +<span class="i0">When they tie the nuptial noose.</span> +<span class="i0">Love that rises with the sun,</span> +<span class="i0">With his setting beams is gone:</span> +<span class="i0">Love that guest-like visits hearts,</span> +<span class="i0">When the banquet's o'er, departs:</span> +<span class="i0">And the love that comes to-day,</span> +<span class="i0">And to-morrow wings its way,</span> +<span class="i0">Leaves no traces on the soul,</span> +<span class="i0">Its affections to control.</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">232</a></span> +<span class="i0">Where a sovereign beauty reigns,</span> +<span class="i0">Fruitless are a rival's pains,—</span> +<span class="i0">O'er a finished picture who</span> +<span class="i0">E'er a second picture drew?</span> +<span class="i0">Fair Dulcinea, queen of beauty,</span> +<span class="i0">Rules my heart, and claims its duty,</span> +<span class="i0">Nothing there can take her place,</span> +<span class="i0">Naught her image can erase.</span> +<span class="i0">Whether fortune smile or frown,</span> +<span class="i0">Constancy 's the lover's crown;</span> +<span class="i0">And, its force divine to prove,</span> +<span class="i0">Miracles performs in love.</span> +</div></div> + + + +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the governor in a rage.</span></div> + +<p>The history relates that Sancho Panza was conducted +from the court of justice to a sumptuous palace, where +in a great hall he found a magnificent entertainment +prepared. He had no sooner entered than his ears were +saluted by the sound of many instruments, and four +pages served him with water to wash his hands, which +the governor received with becoming gravity. The +music having ceased, Sancho now sat down to dinner +in a chair of state placed at the upper end of the table, +for there was but one seat and only one plate and napkin. +A personage, who, as it afterwards appeared, was +a physician, took his stand at one side of his chair with +a whalebone rod in his hand. They then removed the +beautiful white cloth, which covered a variety of fruits +and other eatables. Grace was said by one in a student's +dress, and a laced bib was placed by a page +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">233</a></span> +under Sancho's chin. Another, who performed the +office of sewer, now set a plate of fruit before him; +but he had scarcely tasted it, when, on being touched +by the wand-bearer, it was snatched away, and another +containing meat instantly supplied its place. Yet before +Sancho could make a beginning it vanished, like the +former, on a signal of the wand.</p> + +<p>The governor was surprised at this proceeding, and +looking around him, asked if this dinner was only to +show off their sleight of hand.</p> + +<p>"My lord," said the wand-bearer, "your lordship's +food must here be watched with the same care as is +customary with the governors of other islands. I am +a doctor of physic, sir, and my duty, for which I receive +a salary, is to watch over the governor's health, whereof +I am more careful than of my own. I study his constitution +night and day, that I may know how to restore +him when sick; and therefore think it incumbent on +me to pay especial regard to his meals, at which I constantly +preside, to see that he eats what is good and +salutary, and prevent his touching whatever I imagine +may be prejudicial to his health or offensive to his +stomach. It was for that reason, my lord," continued +he, "I ordered the dish of fruit to be taken away, as +being too watery, and that other dish, as being too hot +and over-seasoned with spices, which are apt to provoke +thirst; and he that drinks much destroys and consumes +the radical moisture, which is the fuel of life."</p> + +<p>"Well, then," quoth Sancho, "that plate of roasted +partridges, which seem to me to be very well seasoned, +I suppose will do me no manner of harm?"</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">234</a></span> +"Hold," said the doctor, "my lord governor shall +not eat them while I live to prevent it."</p> + +<p>"Pray, why not?" quoth Sancho.</p> + +<p>"Because," answered the doctor, "our great master +Hippocrates, the north star and luminary of medicine, +says in one of his aphorisms, <i>Omnis saturatio mala, perdicis +autem pessima</i>; which means, 'All repletion is +bad, but that from partridges the worst.'"</p> + +<p>"If it be so," quoth Sancho, "pray cast your eye, +signor doctor, over all these dishes here on the table, +and see which will do me the most good or the least +harm, and let me eat of it without whisking it away +with your conjuring-stick; for, by my soul, and as +Heaven shall give me life to enjoy this government, +I am dying with hunger; and to deny me food—let +signor doctor say what he will—is not the way to +lengthen my life, but to cut it short."</p> + +<p>"Your worship is in the right, my lord governor," +answered the physician, "and therefore I am of opinion +you should not eat of these stewed rabbits, as being +a food that is tough and acute; of that veal, indeed, you +might have taken a little, had it been neither roasted +nor stewed; but as it is, not a morsel."</p> + +<p>"What think you, then," said Sancho, "of that +huge dish there, smoking hot, which I take to be an +olla-podrida?—for, among the many things contained +in it, I surely may light upon something both wholesome +and toothsome."</p> + +<p>"<i>Absit!</i>" quoth the doctor, "far be such a thought +from us. Olla-podrida! there is no worse dish in the +world. Leave them to prebends and rectors of colleges +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">235</a></span> +or lusty feeders at country weddings; but let them not +be seen on the tables of governors, where nothing contrary +to health and delicacy should be tolerated. Simple +medicines are always more estimable and safe, for in +them there can be no mistake, whereas in such as are +compounded all is hazard and uncertainty. Therefore, +what I would at present advise my lord governor to eat, +in order to corroborate and preserve his health, is about +a hundred small rolled-up wafers, with some thin slices +of marmalade, that may sit upon the stomach and help +digestion."</p> + +<p>Sancho, hearing this, threw himself backward in his +chair, and looking at the doctor from head to foot very +seriously, asked him his name and where he had studied. +To which he answered, "My lord governor, my +name is Doctor Pedro Rezio de Aguero; I am a native +of a place called Tirteafuera, lying between Caraquel +and Almoddobar del Campo, on the right hand, and I +have taken my doctor's degrees in the university of +Ossuna."</p> + +<p>"Then, hark you," said Sancho in a rage, "Signor +Doctor Pedro Rezzio de Aguero, native of Tirteafuera, +lying on the right hand as we go from Caraquel to +Almoddobar del Campo, graduate in Ossuna, get out +of my sight this instant, or, by the light of Heaven, I +will take a cudgel, and, beginning with your carcass, +will so belabor all the physic-mongers in the island, +that not one of the tribe shall be left!—I mean of +those like yourself, who are ignorant quacks. For +those who are learned and wise I shall make much of +and honor as so many angels. I say again, Signor +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">236</a></span> +Pedro Rezio, begone, or I shall take the chair I sit on +and comb your head to some tune; and if I am called +to an account for it when I give up my office, I shall +prove that I have done a good service in ridding the +world of a bad physician, who is a public executioner. +Body of me! give me something to eat, or let them take +back their government,—for an office that will not find +a man in victuals is not worth two beans."</p> + +<p>On seeing the governor in such a fury the doctor +would have fled out in the hall had not the sound of a +courier's horn at that instant been heard in the street. +"A courier from my lord duke," said the sewer (who +had looked out of the window), "and he must certainly +have brought despatches of importance."</p> + +<p>The courier entered hastily, foaming with sweat and +in great agitation, and pulling a packet out of his +bosom, he delivered it into the governor's hands, and +by him it was given to the steward, telling him to read +the superscription, which was this: "To Don Sancho +Panza, Governor of the Island of Barataria. To be +delivered only to himself or to his secretary."</p> + +<p>"Who is my secretary?" said Sancho.</p> + +<p>"It is I, my lord," answered one who was present, +"for I can read and write, and am, besides, a Biscayan."</p> + +<p>"With that addition," quoth Sancho, "you may +very well be secretary to the emperor himself. Open +the packet and see what it holds."</p> + +<p>The new secretary did so, and having run his eye +over the contents, he said it was a business which required +privacy. Accordingly, Sancho commanded all +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">237</a></span> +to retire excepting the steward and sewer; and when +the hall was cleared, the secretary read the following +letter:—</p> + +<p>"It has just come to my knowledge, Signor Don +Panza, that certain enemies of mine intend very soon +to make a desperate attack, by night, upon the island +under your command; it is necessary, therefore, to be +vigilant and alert, that you may not be taken by surprise. +I have also received intelligence from trusty +spies, that four persons in disguise are now in your +town, sent thither by the enemy, who, fearful of your +great talents, have a design upon your life. Keep a +strict watch, be careful who are admitted to you, and +eat nothing sent you as a present. I will not fail to +send you assistance if you are in want of it. Whatever +may be attempted, I have full reliance on your activity +and judgment.</p> + +<div class="center2">"Your friend,</div> +<p class="quotsig"><span class="smcap">"The Duke.</span></p> +<p class="two"><small>"From this place, the 16th of August,<br /> + at four in the morning."</small></p> + +<p>Sancho was astonished at this information, and the +others appeared to be no less so. At length, turning to +the steward, "I will tell you," said he, "the first thing +to be done, which is to clap Doctor Rezio into a dungeon; +for if anybody has a design to kill me, it is he, +and that by the most lingering and the worst of all +deaths,—starvation."</p> + +<p>"Be that as it may," said the steward, "it is my +opinion your honor would do well to eat none of the +meat here upon the table, for it was presented by some +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">238</a></span> +nuns, and it is a saying, 'The devil lurks behind the +cross.'"</p> + +<p>"You are in the right," quoth Sancho, "and for the +present give me only a piece of bread and some four +pounds of grapes,—there can be no poison in them,—for, +in truth, I cannot live without food, and if we must +keep in readiness for these battles that threaten us, it +is fit that we should be well fed, for the stomach upholds +the heart and the heart the man. Do you, Mr. Secretary, +answer the letter of my lord duke, and tell him +his commands shall be obeyed throughout most faithfully; +and present my dutiful respects to my lady +duchess, and beg her not to forget to send a special +messenger with my letter and bundle to my wife Teresa +Panza, which I shall take as a particular favor, and will +be her humble servant to the utmost of my power. +And, by the way, you may put in my hearty service to +my master, Don Quixote de la Mancha, that he may +see that I am neither forgetful nor ungrateful; and as +to the rest, I leave it to you, as a good secretary and +a true Biscayan, to add whatever you please, or that +may turn to the best account. Now away with this +cloth, and bring me something that may be eaten, and +then let these spies, murderers, and enchanters see how +they meddle with me or my island."</p> + +<p>A page now entered, saying, "Here is a countryman +who would speak with your lordship on business, as he +says, of great importance."</p> + +<p>"It is very strange," quoth Saneho, "that these +men of business should be so silly as not to see that +this is not a time for such matters. What! we who +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">239</a></span> +govern and belike are not made of flesh and bone like +other men! We are made of marble-stone, forsooth, +and have no need of rest or refreshment! Before Heaven +and upon my conscience, if my government lasts, as I +have a glimmering it will not, I shall hamper more than +one of these men of business! Well, for this once, tell +the fellow to come in; but first see that he is no spy, +nor one of my murderers."</p> + +<p>"He looks, my lord," answered the page, "like a +simple fellow, and I am much mistaken if he be not as +harmless as a crust of bread."</p> + +<p>"Your worship need not fear," quoth the steward, +"since we are with you."</p> + +<p>"But now that Doctor Pedro Rezio is gone," quoth +Sancho, "may I not have something to eat of substance +and weight, though it were but a luncheon of bread and +an onion?"</p> + +<p>"At night your honor shall have no cause to complain," +quoth the sewer; "supper shall make up for +the want of dinner."</p> + +<p>"Heaven grant it may," replied Sancho.</p> + + + +<hr class="hr" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the countryman's tale.</span></div> + +<p>The countryman, who was of goodly presence, then +came in, and it might be seen a thousand leagues off +that he was an honest, good soul.</p> + +<p>"Which among you here is the lord governor?" +said he.</p> + +<p>"Who should it be," answered the secretary, "but +he who is seated in the chair?"</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">240</a></span> +"I humble myself in his presence," quoth the countryman; +and kneeling down, he begged for his hand +to kiss.</p> + +<p>Sancho refused it, and commanded him to rise and +tell his business. The countryman did so, and said: +"My lord, I am a husbandman, a native of Miguel +Terra, two leagues from Ciudad Real."</p> + +<p>"What! another Tirteafuera?" quoth Sancho. +"Say on, brother; for let me tell you, I know Miguel +Terra very well; it is not very far from my own +village."</p> + +<p>"The business is this, sir," continued the peasant: +"by the mercy of Heaven I was married in peace and +in the face of the holy Roman Catholic Church. I +have two sons, bred scholars; the younger studies for +bachelor, and the elder for licentiate. I am a widower, +for my wife died, or rather a wicked physician killed +her by improper medicines when she was pregnant; +and if it had been God's will that the child had been +born, and had proved a son, I would have put him to +study for doctor, that he might not envy his two brothers, +the bachelor and the licentiate."</p> + +<p>"So that, if your wife," quoth Sancho, "had not +died, or had not been killed, you would not now be a +widower."</p> + +<p>"No, certainly, my lord," answered the peasant.</p> + +<p>"We are much the nearer," replied Sancho; "go +on, friend, for this is an hour rather for bed than +business."</p> + +<p>"I say, then," quoth the countryman, "that my son +who is to be the bachelor fell in love with a damsel in +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">241</a></span> +the same village, called Clara Perlerino, daughter of +Andres Perlerino, a very rich farmer; which name of +Perlerino came to them not by lineal or any other descent, +but because all of that race are paralytic; and +to mend the name, they call them Perlerinos. Indeed, +to say the truth, the damsel is like any oriental pearl, +and looked at on the right side seems a very flower of +the field; but on the left not quite so fair, for on that +side she wants an eye, which she lost by the small-pox; +and though the pits in her face are many and deep, her +admirers say they are not pits but graves wherein the +hearts of her lovers are buried. So clean and delicate, +too, is she, that to prevent defiling her face, she carries +her nose so hooked up that it seems to fly from her +mouth; yet for all that she looks charmingly, for she +has a large mouth, and did she not lack half a score or +a dozen front teeth she might pass and make a figure +among the fairest. I say nothing of her lips, for they +are so thin that, were it the fashion to reel lips, one +might make a skein of them; but, being of a different +color from what is usual in lips, they have a marvellous +appearance, for they are streaked with blue, green, and +orange-tawny. Pardon me, good my lord governor, if +I paint so minutely the parts of her who is about to +become my daughter; for in truth I love and admire +her more than I can tell."</p> + +<p>"Paint what you will," quoth Sancho, "for I am +mightily taken with the picture; and had I but dined, +I would not desire a better dessert than your portrait."</p> + +<p>"It shall be always at your service," answered the +peasant; "and the time may come when we may be +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">242</a></span> +acquainted, though we are not so now; and I assure +you, my lord, if I could but paint her genteelness and +the tallness of her person, you would admire: but that +cannot be, because she is crooked, and crumpled up +together, and her knees touch her mouth; though, for +all that, you may see plainly that could she but stand +upright she would touch the ceiling with her head. +And she would ere now have given her hand to my +bachelor to be his wife, but that she cannot stretch it +out, it is so shrunk; nevertheless, her long guttered +nails show the goodness of its make."</p> + +<p>"So far so good," quoth Sancho; "and now, brother, +make account that you have painted her from head to +foot. What is it you would be at? Come to the point +without so many windings and turnings, so many fetches +and digressions."</p> + +<p>"What I desire, my lord," answered the countryman, +"is, that your lordship would do me the favor to give +me a letter of recommendation to her father, begging +his consent to the match, since we are pretty equal in +our fortunes and natural endowments; for, to say the +truth, my lord governor, my son is possessed, and +scarcely a day passes in which the evil spirits do not +torment him three or four times; and having thereby +once fallen into the fire, his face is as shrivelled as a +piece of scorched parchment, and his eyes are somewhat +bleared and running; but, bless him! he has the temper +of an angel, and did he not buffet and belabor himself, +he would be a very saint for gentleness."</p> + +<p>"Would you have anything else, honest friend?" +said Sancho.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">243</a></span> +"One thing more I would ask," quoth the peasant, +"but I dare not,—yet out it shall; come what may, +it shall not rot in my breast. I say then, my lord, I +could wish your worship to give me three or six hundred +ducats towards mending the fortunes of my bachelor,—I +mean, to assist in furnishing his house; for it +is agreed that they shall live by themselves, without +being subject to the impertinences of their fathers-in-law."</p> + +<p>"Well," quoth Sancho, "see if there is anything +else you would have, and be not squeamish in asking."</p> + +<p>"No, nothing more," answered the peasant.</p> + +<p>The governor then rising, and seizing the chair on +which he had been seated, exclaimed, "I vow to Heaven, +Don Lubberly, saucy bumpkin, if you do not instantly +get out of my sight, I will break your head with this +chair! Son of a rascal, and the devil's own painter! +At this time of day to come and ask me for six hundred +ducats! Where should I have them, villain? And +if I had them, idiot! why should I give them to thee? +What care I for Miguel Terra, or for the whole race of +the Perlerinos? Begone, I say! or, by the life of my +lord duke, I will be as good as my word. Thou art no +native of Miguel Terra, but some scoffer sent from the +devil to tempt me. Impudent scoundrel! I have not +yet had the government a day and a half, and you +expect I should have six hundred ducats!"</p> + +<p>The sewer made signs to the countryman to go out +of the hall, which he did, hanging down his head, and +seemingly much afraid lest the governor should put his +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">244</a></span> +threat into execution,—for the knave knew very well +how to play his part.</p> + +<p>But let us leave Sancho in his passion; peace be with +him!</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The devil will never give you a high nose if a flat +nose will serve your turn.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>All is not gold that glitters.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>I am fully convinced that judges and governors are, +or ought to be, made of brass, so as that they may not +feel the importunity of people of business, who expect +to be heard and despatched at all hours and at all +seasons, come what will, attending only to their own +affairs; and if the poor devil of a judge does not hear +and despatch them, either because it is not in his power, +or it happens to be an unseasonable time for giving +audience, then they grumble and backbite, gnaw him +to the very bones, and even bespatter his whole generation. +Ignorant man of business! foolish man of business! +be not in such a violent hurry; wait for the +proper season and conjuncture, and come not at meals +and sleeping-time; for judges are made of flesh and +blood, and must give to nature that which nature +requires.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Good physicians deserve palms and laurels.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Either we are, or we are not.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Walls have ears.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">245</a></span> +Let us all live and eat together in harmony and good +friendship.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>When God sends the morning, the light shines upon +all.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Make yourselves honey, and the flies will devour +you.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Your idle and lazy people in a commonwealth are +like drones in a beehive, which only devour the honey +the laboring bees gather.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Every day produces something new in the world: +jests turn into earnest, and the biters are bit.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>They who expect snacks should be modest, and take +cheerfully whatever is given them, and not haggle with +the winners; unless they know them to be sharpers, +and their gains unfairly gotten.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the governor's round of inspection.</span></div> + +<p>After traversing a few streets, they heard the clashing +of swords, and, hastening to the place, they found +two men fighting. On seeing the officers coming they +desisted, and one of them said, "Help, in the name of +Heaven and the king! Are people to be attacked here, +and robbed in the open streets?"</p> + +<p>"Hold, honest man," quoth Sancho, "and tell me +what is the occasion of this fray; for I am the governor."</p> + +<p>His antagonist, interposing, said, "My lord governor, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">246</a></span>ernor, +I will briefly relate the matter:—Your honor +must know that this gentleman is just come from the +gaming-house over the way, where he has been winning +above a thousand reals, and heaven knows how, +except that I, happening to be present, was induced, +even against my conscience, to give judgment in his +favor in many a doubtful point; and when I expected +he would have given me something, though it were but +the small matter of a crown, by way of present, as it is +usual with gentlemen of character like myself, who +stand by, ready to back unreasonable demands, and to +prevent quarrels, up he got, with his pockets filled, and +marched out of the house.</p> + +<p>"Surprised and vexed at such conduct, I followed +him, civilly reminded him that he could not refuse me +the small sum of eight reals, as he knew me to be a +man of honor, without either office or pension; my +parents having brought me up to nothing: yet this +knave, who is as great a thief as Cacus, and as arrant a +sharper as Andradilla, would give me but four reals! +Think, my lord governor, what a shameless and unconscionable +fellow he is! But as I live had it not +been for your worship coming, I would have made him +disgorge his winnings, and taught him how to balance +accounts."</p> + +<p>"What shall be done," replied Sancho, "is this: +you, master winner, whether by fair play or foul, instantly +give your hackster here a hundred reals, and +pay down thirty more for the poor prisoners; and you, +sir, who have neither office nor pension, nor honest +employment, take the hundred reals, and, some time +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">247</a></span> +to-morrow, be sure you get out of this island, nor set +foot in it again these ten years, unless you would +finish your banishment in the next life: for if I find +you here, I will make you swing on a gibbet—at least +the hangman shall do it for me: so let no man reply, +or he shall repent it."</p> + +<p>The decree was immediately executed: the one disbursed, +the other received; the one quitted the island, +the other went home.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Cheats are always at the mercy of their accomplices.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The maid that would keep her good name, stays at +home as if she were lame. A hen and a housewife, +whatever they cost, if once they go gadding will +surely be lost. And she that longs to see, I ween, is +as desirous to be seen.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Good fortune wants only a beginning.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>When they offer thee a government, lay hold of it.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>When an earldom is put before thee, lay thy clutches +on it.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>When they throw thee some beneficial bone, snap at +the favor; if not, sleep on and never answer to good +fortune and preferment when they knock at thy door.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Truth will always rise uppermost, as oil rises above +water.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Seeing is believing.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">248</a></span> +According to reason, each thing has its season.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>When justice is doubtful, I should lean to the side +of mercy.</p> + + + +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">a messenger to teresa panza.</span></div> + +<p>Being desirous to please his lord and lady, he set off +with much glee to Sancho's village. Having arrived +near it, he inquired of some women whom he saw +washing in a brook if there lived not in that town one +Teresa Panza, wife of one Sancho Panza, squire to a +knight called Don Quixote de la Mancha.</p> + +<p>"That Teresa Panza is my mother," said a young +lass who was washing among the rest, "and that Sancho +my own father, and that knight our master."</p> + +<p>"Are they so?" quoth the page: "come then, my +good girl, and lead me to your mother, for I have a +letter and a token for her from that same father of +yours."</p> + +<p>"That I will, with all my heart, sir," answered the +girl (who seemed to be about fourteen years of age); +and leaving the linen she was washing to one of her +companions, without stopping to cover either her head +or feet, away she ran skipping along before the page's +horse, bare-legged, and her hair dishevelled.</p> + +<p>"Come along, sir, an 't please you," quoth she, "for +our house stands hard by, and you will find my +mother in trouble enough for being so long without +tidings of my father."</p> + +<p>"Well," said the page, "I now bring her news that +will cheer her heart, I warrant her."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">249</a></span> +So on he went, with his guide running, skipping, +and capering before him, till they reached the village, +and, before she got up to the house, she called out +aloud, "Mother, mother, come out! here's a gentleman +who brings letters and other things from my good +father."</p> + +<p>At these words out came her mother Teresa Panza +with a distaff in her hand—for she was spinning flax. +She was clad in a russet petticoat, so short that it +looked as if it had been docked at the placket, with a +jacket of the same, and the sleeves of her under-garment +hanging about it. She appeared to be about +forty years of age and was strong, hale, sinewy, and +hard as a hazel-nut.</p> + +<p>"What is the matter, girl?" quoth she, seeing her +daughter with the page; "what gentleman is that?"</p> + +<p>"It is an humble servant of my Lady Donna Teresa +Panza," answered the page; and throwing himself +from his horse, with great respect he went and kneeled +before the Lady Teresa, saying, "Be pleased, Signora +Donna Teresa, to give me your ladyship's hand to kiss, +as the lawful wife of Signor Don Sancho Panza, sole +governor of the island of Barataria."</p> + +<p>"Alack-a-day, good sir, how you talk!" she replied: +"I am no court-dame, but a poor country woman, +daughter of a ploughman, and wife indeed of a squire-errant, +but no governor."</p> + +<p>"Your ladyship," answered the page, "is the most +worthy wife of a thrice-worthy governor, and to confirm +the truth of what I say, be pleased, madam, to +receive what I here bring you."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">250</a></span> +He then drew the letter from his pocket, and a +string of corals, each bead set in gold, and, putting it +about her neck, he said, "This letter is from my lord +governor, and another that I have here, and those +corals are from my lady duchess, who sends me to your +ladyship."</p> + +<p>Teresa and her daughter were all astonishment.</p> + +<p>"May I die," said the girl, "if our master Don +Quixote be not at the bottom of this—as sure as day +he has given my father the government or earldom he +has so often promised him."</p> + +<p>"It is even so," answered the page; "and for Signor +Don Quixote's sake, my Lord Sancho is now governor +of the island of Barataria, as the letter will +inform you."</p> + +<p>"Pray, young gentleman," quoth Teresa, "be +pleased to read it; for though I can spin I cannot read +a jot."</p> + +<p>"Nor I neither, i' faith," cried Sanchica; "but +stay a little, and I will fetch one who can, either the +bachelor Sampson Carrasco or the priest himself, who +will come with all their hearts to hear news of my +father."</p> + +<p>"You need not take that trouble," said the page; +"for I can read though I cannot spin, and will read it +to you." Which he accordingly did: but as its contents +have already been given, it is not here repeated. +He then produced the letter from the duchess, and +read as follows:—</p> + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">251</a></span> +"<span class="smcap">Friend Teresa</span>,—</p> + +<p>"Finding your husband Sancho worthy of my +esteem for his honesty and good understanding, I prevailed +upon the duke, my spouse, to make him governor +of one of the many islands in his possession. I +am informed he governs like any hawk; at which I +and my lord duke are mightily pleased, and give many +thanks to Heaven that I have not been deceived in my +choice, for madam Teresa may be assured that it is no +easy matter to find a good governor—and God make +me as good as Sancho governs well. I have sent you, +my dear friend, a string of corals set in gold—I wish +they were oriental pearls; but whoever gives thee a +bone has no mind to see thee dead: the time will come +when we shall be better acquainted, and converse with +each other, and then heaven knows what may happen. +Commend me to your daughter Sanchica, and tell her +from me to get herself ready; for I mean to have her +highly married when she least expects it. I am told +the acorns near your town are very large—pray send +me some two dozen of them; for I shall value them +the more as coming from your hand. Write to me +immediately, to inform me of your health and welfare; +and if you want anything, you need but open your +mouth, and it shall be measured. So God keep you.</p> + +<div class="center2">"Your loving Friend,</div> +<p class="quotsig">"The <span class="smcap">Duchess</span>.</p> +<p class="two"><small>"From this place."</small><br /><br /></p> + +<p>"Ah!" quoth Teresa, at hearing the letter, "how +good, how plain, how humble a lady! let me be buried +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">252</a></span> +with such ladies as this, say I and not with such proud +madams as this town affords, who think because they +are gentlefolks, the wind must not blow upon them; +and go flaunting to church as if they were queens! +they seem to think it a disgrace to look upon a peasant +woman: and yet you see how this good lady, +though she be a duchess, calls me friend, and treats me +as if I were her equal!—and equal may I see her to +the highest steeple in La Mancha! As to the acorns, +sir, I will send her ladyship a peck of them, and such +as, for their size, people shall come from far and near +to see and admire. But for the present, Sanchica, let +us make much of this gentleman. Do thou take care +of his horse, child, and bring some new-laid eggs out +of the stable, and slice some rashers of bacon, and let +us entertain him like any prince; for his good news +and his own good looks deserve no less."</p> + +<p>Sanchica now came in with her lap full of eggs. +"Pray, sir," said she to the page, "does my father, +now he is a governor, wear trunk-hose?"<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">15</a></p> + +<p>"I never observed," answered the page, "but doubtless +he does."</p> + +<p>"God's my life!" replied Sanchica, "what a sight +to see my father in long breeches? Is it not strange +that ever since I was born I have longed to see my +father with breeches of that fashion laced to his +girdle?"</p> + +<p>"I warrant you will have that pleasure if you live," +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">253</a></span> +answered the page; "before Heaven, if his government +lasts but two months, he is likely to travel with +a cape to his cap." <a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">16</a></p> + +<hr class="hr" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">of the progress of sancho panza's government.</span></div> + +<p>The first business that occurred on that day was +an appeal to his judgment in a case which was thus +stated by a stranger—the appellant: "My lord," said +he, "there is a river which passes through the domains +of a certain lord, dividing it into two parts—I beseech +your honor to give me your attention, for it is a case +of great importance and some difficulty. I say, then, +that upon this river there was a bridge, and at one end +of it a gallows and a kind of court-house, where four +judges sit to try, and pass sentence upon those who are +found to transgress a certain law enacted by the proprietor, +which runs thus: 'Whoever would pass over +this bridge must first declare upon oath whence he +comes, and upon what business he is going; and if he +swears the truth, he shall pass over; but if he swears to +a falsehood, he shall certainly die upon a gibbet there +provided.'</p> + +<p>"After this law was made known, many persons ventured +over it, and the truth of what they swore being +admitted, they were allowed freely to pass. But a +man now comes demanding a passage over the bridge; +and, on taking the required oath, he swears that he is +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">254</a></span> +going to be executed upon the gibbet before him, and +that he has no other business. The judges deliberated, +but would not decide. 'If we let this man pass freely,' +said they, 'he will have sworn falsely, and by the law, he +ought to die: and, if we hang him, he will verify his +oath, and he, having sworn the truth, ought to have +passed unmolested as the law ordains.' The case, my +lord, is yet suspended, for the judges know not how to +act; and, therefore having heard of your lordship's +great wisdom and acuteness, they have sent me humbly +to beseech your lordship on their behalf, to give +your opinion in so intricate and perplexing a case."</p> + +<p>"To deal plainly with you," said Sancho, "these +gentlemen judges who sent you to me might have +saved themselves and you the labor; for I have more +of the blunt than the acute in me. However, let me +hear your question once more, that I may understand +it the better, and mayhap I may chance to hit the right +nail on the head."</p> + +<p>The man accordingly told his tale once or twice more, +and when he had done, the governor thus delivered his +opinion: "To my thinking," said he, "this matter +may soon be settled; and I will tell you how. The +man, you say, swears he is going to die upon the gallows; +and if he is hanged, it would be against the law, +because he swore the truth; and if they do not hang +him, why then he swore a lie, and ought to have suffered."</p> + +<p>"It is just as you say, my lord governor," said the +messenger, "and nothing more is wanting to a right +understanding of the case."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">255</a></span> +"I say, then," continued Sancho, "that they must +let that part of the man pass that swore the truth and +hang that part that swore the lie, and thereby the law +will be obeyed."</p> + +<p>"If so, my lord," replied the stranger, "the man +must be divided into two parts; and thereby he will +certainly die, and thus the law, which we are bound +to observe, is in no respect complied with."</p> + +<p>"Harkee, honest man," said Sancho, "either I have +no brains, or there is as much reason to put this passenger +to death as to let him live and pass the bridge; +for, if the truth saves him, the lie also condemns him, +and this being so, you may tell those gentlemen who +sent you to me, that since the reasons for condemning +and acquitting him are equal, they should let the man +pass freely, for it is always more commendable to do +good than to do harm."</p> + +<p>Sancho having plentifully dined that day, in spite of +all the aphorisms of Dr. Tirteafuera, when the cloth was +removed in came an express with a letter from Don +Quixote to the governor. Sancho ordered the secretary +to read it to himself, and if there was nothing in it for +secret perusal, then to read it aloud. The secretary +having first run it over, accordingly, "My lord," said +he, "the letter may not only be publicly read, but +deserves to be engraved in characters of gold; and +thus it is:—"</p> + + + + +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">don quixote de la mancha to sancho panza, +governor of the island of barataria.</span></div> + +<p>"When I expected to have had an account of thy +carelessness and blunders, friend Sancho, I was agreeably +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">256</a></span> +disappointed with news of thy wise behavior,—for +which I return thanks to Heaven, that can raise the +lowest from their poverty and turn the fool into a man +of sense. I hear thou governest with all discretion; +and that, nevertheless, thou retainest the humility of +the meanest creature. But I would observe to thee, +Sancho, that it is often expedient and necessary, for +the due support of authority, to act in contradiction +to the humility of the heart. The personal adornments +of one that is raised to a high situation must correspond +with his present greatness, and not with his former +lowliness. Let thy apparel, therefore, be good and becoming; +for the hedgestake, when decorated no longer, +appears what it really is. I do not mean that thou +shouldst wear jewels or finery; nor, being a judge, +would I have thee dress like a soldier; but adorn thyself +in a manner suitable to thy employment. To gain +the good-will of thy people, two things, among others, +thou must not fail to observe: one is, to be courteous +to all,—that, indeed, I have already told thee; the +other is, to take especial care that the people be exposed +to no scarcity of food, for, with the poor, hunger is, of +all afflictions, the most insupportable. Publish few +edicts, but let those be good; and, above all, see that +they are well observed, for edicts that are not kept are +the same as not made, and serve only to show that the +prince, though he had wisdom and authority to make +them had not the courage to insist upon their execution. +Laws that threaten and are not enforced become like +King Log, whose croaking subjects first feared, then +despised him. Be a father to virtue and a step-father +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">257</a></span> +to vice. Be not always severe, nor always mild; but +choose the happy mean between them, which is the +true point of discretion. Visit the prisons, the shambles, +and the markets; for there the presence of the +governor is highly necessary. Such attention is a comfort +to the prisoner hoping for release; it is a terror to +the butchers, who then dare not make use of false +weights; and the same effect is produced on all other +dealers. Shouldst thou unhappily be secretly inclined +to avarice, to gluttony, or women,—which I hope thou +art not,—avoid showing thyself guilty of these vices; +for, when those who are concerned with thee discover +thy ruling passion, they will assault thee on that quarter, +nor leave thee till they have effected thy destruction. +View and review, consider and reconsider, the +counsels and documents I gave thee in writing before +thy departure hence to thy government, and in them +thou wilt find a choice supply to sustain thee through +the toils and difficulties which governors must continually +encounter. Write to thy patrons, the duke and +duchess, and show thyself grateful, for ingratitude is +the daughter of pride, and one of the greatest sins; +whereas, he who is grateful to those that have done +him service, thereby testifies that he will be grateful +also to God, his constant benefactor.</p> + +<p>"My lady duchess has despatched a messenger to +thy wife Teresa with thy hunting-suit, and also a present +from herself. We expect an answer every moment. +I have been a little out of order with a certain cat-clawing +which befell me, not much to the advantage +of my nose; but it was nothing, for if there are enchanters +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">258</a></span> +who persecute me, there are others who defend +me. Let me know if the steward who is with thee had +any hand in the actions of the Trifaldi, as thou hast +suspected; and give me advice, from time to time, of +all that happens to thee, since the distance between us +is so short. I think of quitting this idle life very soon, +for I was not born for luxury and ease. A circumstance +has occurred which may, I believe, tend to deprive me +of the favor of the duke and duchess; but, though it +afflicts me much, it affects not my determination, for +I must comply with the duties of my profession in preference +to any other claim; as it is often said, <i>Amicus +Plato, sed magis amica veritas</i>. I write this in Latin, +being persuaded that thou hast learned that language +since thy promotion. Farewell, and God have thee in +His keeping; so mayst thou escape the pity of the +world.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 5em;">"Thy friend,</span></p> +<p class="quotsig">"<span class="smcap">Don Quixote de la Mancha</span>." +</p> + +<p>Sancho gave great attention to the letter; and it was +highly applauded, both for sense and integrity, by +everybody that heard it. After that, he rose from the +table, and calling the secretary, went without any further +delay and locked himself up with him in his +chamber, to write an answer to his master, Don Quixote, +which was as follows:—</p> + +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">sancho panza to don quixote de la mancha.</span></div> + +<p>"I am so taken up with business that I have not yet +had time to let you know whether it goes well or ill +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">259</a></span> +with me in this same government, where I am more +hunger-starved than when you and I wandered through +woods and wildernesses.</p> + +<p>"My lord duke wrote to me the other day to inform +me of some spies that were got into this island to kill +me; but as yet I have discovered none but a certain +doctor, hired by the islanders to kill all the governors +that come near it. They call him Dr. Pedro Rezio de +Anguero, and he was born at Tirteafuera. His name +is enough to make me fear he will be the death of me. +This same doctor says of himself, that he does cure +diseases when you have them; but when you have them +not, he only pretends to keep them from coming. The +physic he uses is fasting upon fasting, till he turns a +body to a mere skeleton; as if to be wasted to skin +and bones were not as bad as a fever. In short, he +starves me to death; so that, when I thought, as being +a governor, to have plenty of good hot victuals and +cool liquor, and to repose on a soft feather-bed, I am +come to do penance like a hermit.</p> + +<p>"I have not yet so much as fingered the least penny +of money, either for fees or anything else; and how it +comes to be no better with me I cannot imagine, for I +have heard that the governors who come to this island +are wont to have a very good gift, or at least a very +round sum given them by the town before they enter. +And they say, too, that this is the usual custom, not +only here but in other places.</p> + +<p>"Last night, in going my rounds, I met with a +mighty handsome damsel in boy's clothes, and a brother +of hers in woman's apparel. My gentleman-waiter fell +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">260</a></span> +in love with the girl, and intends to make her his wife, +as he says. As for the youth, I have pitched on him +to be my son-in-law. To-day we both design to talk to +the father, one Diego de la Llana, who is a gentleman, +and an old Christian every inch of him.</p> + +<p>"I visit the markets as you advised me, and yesterday +found one of the hucksters selling hazel-nuts. She +pretended they were all new; but I found she had +mixed a whole bushel of old, empty, rotten nuts among +the same quantity of new. With that I adjudged them +to be given to the hospital boys, who know how to pick +the good from the bad, and gave sentence against her +that she should not come into the market for fifteen +days; and people said I did well.</p> + +<p>"I am mighty well pleased that my lady duchess +has written to my wife, Teresa Pauza, and sent her the +token you mention. It shall go hard but I will requite +her kindness one time or other. Pray give my service +to her, and tell her from me she has not cast her gift in +a broken sack, as something more than words shall +show.</p> + +<p>"If I might advise you, and had my wish, there +should be no falling out between your worship and my +lord and lady; for, if you quarrel with them, it is I +must come by the worst for it. And, since you mind +me of being grateful, it will not look well in you not to +be so to those who have made so much of you at their +castle.</p> + +<p>"If my wife, Teresa Panza, writes to me, pray pay +the postage and send me the letter; for I have a mighty +desire to know how fares it with her, and my house and +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">261</a></span> +children. So Heaven protect your worship from evil-minded +enchanters, and bring me safe and sound out +of this government; which I very much doubt, seeing +how I am treated by Doctor Pedro Rezio.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 5em;">"Your worship's servant,</span></p> +<p class="quotsig"><span class="smcap">"Sancho Panza</span>, <i>the Governor</i>." +</p> +<hr class="hr" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">teresa panza's letter to her husband, sancho +panza.</span></div> + +<p>"I received thy letter, dear Sancho of my soul, and +I promise and swear to thee, on the faith of a Catholic +Christian, I was within two finger-breadths of running +mad with joy; and take notice, brother, when I heard +thou wast a governor, I had liked to have dropped down +dead with pure pleasure; for thou knowest they say +sudden joy kills as well as deadly sorrow.</p> + +<p>"Thy hunting-suit lay before me, the string of corals +sent by lady duchess was tied round my neck, the +letters were in my hand, and the messenger in my +presence; and yet I imagined and believed that all I +saw and handled was a dream, for who could conceive +that a goatherd should come to be governor of islands? +Thou knowest, my friend, that my mother said, 'One +must live long to see a great deal.' This I mention +because I hope to see more if I live longer, for I do not +intend to stop until I see thee a farmer or collector of +the revenue,—offices which, though they carry those +who abuse them to the devil, are, in short, always bringing +in the penny.</p> + +<p>"My lady duchess will tell thee how desirous I am +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">262</a></span> +of going to court. Consider of it, and let me know thy +pleasure, for I will endeavor to do thee honor there by +riding in my coach.</p> + +<p>"The curate, barber, bachelor, and even the sexton, +cannot believe thou art a governor, and say the whole +is a deception or matter of enchantment, like all the +affairs of thy master, Don Quixote. Sampson vows he +will go in quest of thee, and drive this government out +of thy head, as well as the madness out of Don Quixote's +skull. I say nothing, but laugh in my own sleeve, look +at my beads, and contrive how to make thy hunting-suit +into a gown and petticoat for our daughter. I have +sent some acorns to my lady duchess, and I wish they +were of gold. Send me some strings of pearls, if they +are in fashion in thy island.</p> + +<p>"The news of our town are these: the widow of the +hill has matched her daughter with a bungling painter, +who came here and undertook all sort of work. The +corporation employed him to paint the king's arms over +the gate of the town-house. He asked them two ducats +for the job, which they paid beforehand; so he fell to +it and worked eight days, at the end of which he had +made nothing of it, and said he could not bring his +hand to paint such trumpery, and returned the money; +yet, for all that, he married in the name of a good workman. +The truth is, he has left his brushes and taken up +the spade, and goes to the field like a gentleman. Pedro +de Lobo's son has taken orders and shaved his crown, +meaning to be a priest. Minguilla, Mingo Silvato's niece, +hearing of it, is suing him upon a promise of marriage. +We have had no olives this year, nor is there a drop of +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">263</a></span> +vinegar to be had in all the town. A company of foot-soldiers +passed through here, and carried off with them +three girls. I will not say who they are; mayhap they +will return, and somebody or other marry them, with +all their faults. Sanchica makes bone-lace, and gets +eight maravedis a day, which she drops into a saving-box, +to help her toward household stuff; but now that +she is a governor's daughter, she has no need to work, +for thou wilt give her a portion without it. The fountain +in our market-place is dried up. A thunderbolt +fell upon the pillory, and there may they all alight! +I expect an answer to this, and about my going to +court. And so God grant thee more years than myself, +or as many, for I would not willingly leave thee +behind me.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;">"Thy wife,</span></p> +<p class="quotsig"><span class="smcap">"Teresa Panza."</span> +</p> +<hr class="hr" /> +<p>To think that the affairs of this life are always to +remain in the same state is an erroneous fancy. The +face of things rather seems continually to change and +roll with circular motion; summer succeeds the spring, +autumn the summer, winter the autumn, and then +spring again. So time proceeds in this perpetual round; +only the life of man is ever hastening to its end, swifter +than time itself, without hopes to be renewed, unless in +the next, that is unlimited and infinite. For even by +the light of nature and without that of faith, many have +discovered the swiftness and instability of this present +being, and the duration of the eternal life which is +expected.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">264</a></span> +"I know St. Peter is well at Rome," meaning every +one does well to follow the employment to which he was +bred.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Let no one stretch his feet beyond the length of his +sheet.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>When thou art in Rome follow the fashions of Rome.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Sweet is our love of native land.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The prudent man who is expecting to be deprived of +his habitation looks out for another before he is turned +out of doors.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Well-got wealth may meet disaster,</span> +<span class="i0">But ill-got wealth destroys its master.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Bread is relief for all kind of grief.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>We can bear with patience the ill-luck that comes +alone.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem3"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Man projects in vain,</span> +<span class="i0">For God doth still ordain.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem3"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">As is the reason,</span> +<span class="i0">Such is the season.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Let no man presume to think</span> +<span class="i0">Of this cup I will not drink.</span> +<span class="i0">Where the flitch we hope to find,</span> +<span class="i0">Not even a hook is left behind.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">265</a></span> +Keep a safe conscience, and let people say what they +will.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>It is as impracticable to tie up the tongue of malice +as to erect barricades in the open fields.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"If a governor resigns his office in good circumstances, +people say he must have been an oppressor +and a knave; and if poverty attends him in his retreat, +they set him down as an idiot and fool."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"For this time," answered Sancho, "I am certain +they will think me more fool than knave."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The great Sancho Panza, the flower and mirror of all +island governors.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>A law neglected is the same as if it had never been +enacted.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem3"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Give always to the cat</span> +<span class="i0">What was kept for the rat,</span> +<span class="i0">And let it be thy view</span> +<span class="i0">All mischief to eschew.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>It is fitting that all who receive a benefit should show +themselves grateful, though it be only a trifle.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span style="margin-left: 6em;"><span class="smcap">song of altisidora.</span></span></p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i1">Stay, cruel knight,</span> +<span class="i1">Take not thy flight,</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">266</a></span> +<span class="i0">Nor spur thy battered jade;</span> +<span class="i1">Thy haste restrain,</span> +<span class="i1">Draw in the rein,</span> +<span class="i0">And hear a love-sick maid.</span> +<span class="i1">Why dost thou fly?</span> +<span class="i1">No snake am I,</span> +<span class="i0">That poison those I love.</span> +<span class="i1">Gentle I am</span> +<span class="i1">As any lamb,</span> +<span class="i0">And harmless as a dove.</span> +<span class="i1">Thy cruel scorn</span> +<span class="i1">Has left forlorn</span> +<span class="i0">A nymph whose charms may vie</span> +<span class="i1">With theirs who sport</span> +<span class="i1">In Cynthia's court,</span> +<span class="i0">Though Venus' self were by.</span> +<span class="i_4">Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,</span> +<span class="i_4">Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i1">Like ravenous kite</span> +<span class="i1">That takes its flight</span> +<span class="i0">Soon as't has stol'n a chicken,</span> +<span class="i1">Thou bear'st away</span> +<span class="i1">My heart, thy prey,</span> +<span class="i0">And leav'st me here to sicken.</span> +<span class="i1">Three night-caps, too,</span> +<span class="i1">And garters blue,</span> +<span class="i0">That did to legs belong</span> +<span class="i1">Smooth to the sight</span> +<span class="i1">As marble white,</span> +<span class="i0">And faith, almost as strong.</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">267</a></span> +<span class="i1">Two thousand groans,</span> +<span class="i1">As many moans,</span> +<span class="i0">And sighs enough to fire</span> +<span class="i1">Old Priam's town,</span> +<span class="i1">And burn it down,</span> +<span class="i0">Did it again aspire.</span> +<span class="i_4">Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,</span> +<span class="i_4">Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i1">May Sancho ne'er</span> +<span class="i1">His buttocks bare</span> +<span class="i0">Fly-flap, as is his duty;</span> +<span class="i1">And thou still want</span> +<span class="i1">To disenchant</span> +<span class="i0">Dulcinea's injured beauty.</span> +<span class="i1">May still transformed,</span> +<span class="i1">And still deformed,</span> +<span class="i0">Toboso's nymph remain,</span> +<span class="i1">In recompense</span> +<span class="i1">Of thy offence,</span> +<span class="i0">Thy scorn and cold disdain.</span> +<span class="i1">When thou dost wield</span> +<span class="i1">Thy sword in field,</span> +<span class="i0">In combat, or in quarrel,</span> +<span class="i1">Ill-luck and harms</span> +<span class="i1">Attend thy arms,</span> +<span class="i0">Instead of fame and laurel.</span> +<span class="i_4">Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,</span> +<span class="i_4">Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i1">May thy disgrace</span> +<span class="i1">Fill every place,</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">268</a></span> +<span class="i0">Thy falsehood ne'er be hid,</span> +<span class="i1">But round the world</span> +<span class="i1">Be tossed and hurled,</span> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">From Seville to Madrid.</span> +<span class="i1">If, brisk and gay,</span> +<span class="i1">Thou sitt'st to play</span> +<span class="i0">At ombre or at chess,</span> +<span class="i1">May ne'er spadille</span> +<span class="i1">Attend thy will,</span> +<span class="i0">Nor luck thy movements bless.</span> +<span class="i1">Though thou with care</span> +<span class="i1">Thy corns dost pare,</span> +<span class="i0">May blood the penknife follow;</span> +<span class="i1">May thy gums rage,</span> +<span class="i1">And naught assuage</span> +<span class="i0">The pain of tooth that's hollow.</span> +<span class="i_4">Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,</span> +<span class="i_4">Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Liberty is one of the most precious gifts which +Heaven hath bestowed on man, exceeding all the treasures +which earth encloses, or which ocean hides; and +for this blessing, as well as for honor, we may and +ought to venture life itself. On the other hand, captivity +and restraint are the greatest evils that human +nature can endure. I make this observation, Sancho, +because thou hast seen the delicacies and the plenty +with which we were entertained in that castle; yet, in +the midst of those savory banquets and ice-cooled potations, +I thought myself confined within the very straits +of famine, because I did not enjoy the treat with +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">269</a></span> +that liberty which I should have felt had it been my +own.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Obligations incurred by benefits and favors received +are fetters which hamper the free-born soul.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Happy is he to whom Heaven hath sent a morsel of +bread, for which he is obliged to none but Heaven +itself.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The man in wisdom must be old</span> +<span class="i0">Who knows in giving where to hold.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>All times are not the same, nor equally fortunate; +and those incidents which the vulgar call omens, though +not founded on any natural reason, have, even by persons +of sagacity, been held and deemed as fair and +fortunate. One of these superstitious omen-mongers +rises in the morning, goes abroad, chances to meet a +friar belonging to the beatified St. Francis; and as if +he had encountered a dragon in his way, runs back +to his own house with fear and consternation. Another +Foresight by accident scatters the salt upon the +table, by which fear and melancholy are scattered +through his heart; as if Nature was obliged to foretell +future misfortunes by such trivial signs and tokens; +whereas a prudent man and a good Christian will not +so minutely scrutinize the purposes of Heaven. Scipio, +chancing to fall in landing upon the coast of Afric, and +perceiving that his soldiers looked upon this accident as +a bad omen, he embraced the soil with seeming eagerness, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">270</a></span> +saying, "Thou shalt not 'scape me, Afric, for I +have thee safe in my arms."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Love has no respect of persons, and laughs at the +admonitions of reason; like Death, he pursues his +game both in the stately palaces of kings and the +humble huts of shepherds. When he has got a soul +fairly in his clutches, his first business is to deprive it +of all shame and fear.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Beauty, they say, is the chief thing in love-matters.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"Hearken to me, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "there +are two kinds of beauty,—the one of the mind, the +other of the body. That of the mind shines forth in +good sense and good conduct, in modesty, liberality, +and courtesy; and all these qualities may be found in +one who has no personal attractions; and when that +species of beauty captivates, it produces a vehement +and superior passion. I well know, Sancho, that I am +not handsome, but I know also that I am not deformed; +and a man of worth, if he be not hideous, may inspire +love, provided he has those qualities of the mind which +I have mentioned."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Of all the sins that men commit, though some say +pride, in my opinion ingratitude is the worst. It is +truly said that hell is full of the ungrateful. From +that foul crime I have endeavored to abstain ever since +I enjoyed the use of reason; and if I cannot return the +good offices done me by equal benefits, I substitute my +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">271</a></span> +desire to repay them; and if this be not enough, I publish +them: for he who proclaims the favors he has +received would return them if he could. And generally +the power of the receiver is unequal to that of the +giver, like the bounty of Heaven, to which no man can +make an equal return. But, though utterly unable to +repay the unspeakable beneficence of God, gratitude +affords an humble compensation suited to our limited +powers.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Lay a bridge of silver for a flying enemy.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Let Martha die, so that she be well fed.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He that has skill should handle the quill.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There is no greater folly than to give way to despair.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Patience often falls to the ground when it is over-loaded +with injuries.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Alexander the Great ventured to cut the Gordian +knot, on the supposition that cutting would be as effectual +as untying it, and, notwithstanding this violence, +became sole master of all Asia.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"Be not concerned," said Roque, addressing himself +to Don Quixote, "nor tax Fortune with unkindness. +By thus stumbling, you may chance to stand more +firmly than ever; for Heaven, by strange and circuitous +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">272</a></span> +ways, incomprehensible to men, is wont to raise +the fallen and enrich the needy."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Oh, maddening sting of jealousy, how deadly thy +effects!</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Justice must needs be a good thing, for it is necessary +even among thieves.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"Signor Roque," said he, "the beginning of a cure +consists in the knowledge of the distemper and in the +patient's willingness to take the medicines prescribed +to him by his physician. You are sick; you know +your malady, and God, our physician, is ready with +medicines that, in time, will certainly effect a cure. +Besides, sinners of good understanding are nearer to +amendment than those who are devoid of it; and, as +your superior sense is manifest be of good cheer and +hope for your entire recovery. If in this desirable work +you would take the shortest way and at once enter that +of your salvation, come with me and I will teach you +to be a knight-errant,—a profession, it is true, full of +labors and disasters, but which, being placed to the +account of penance, will not fail to lead you to honor +and felicity."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The abbot must eat that sings for his meat.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Courtesy begets courtesy.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The jest that gives pain is no jest.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">273</a></span> +That pastime should not be indulged which tends to +the detriment of a fellow-creature.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The fire is discovered by its own light; so is virtue +by its own excellence.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>No renown equals in splendor that which is acquired +by the profession of arms.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Virtue demands our homage wherever it is found.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Women are commonly impatient and inquisitive.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>By a man's actions may be seen the true disposition +of his mind.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"Body of me," said Don Quixote, "what a progress +you have made, signor, in the Tuscan language! I +would venture a good wager that where the Tuscan +says <i>piace</i>, you say, in Castilian, <i>plaze</i>; and where he +says <i>piu</i>, you say <i>mas</i>; and <i>su</i> you translate by the word +<i>arriba</i>; and <i>giu</i> by <i>abaxo</i>."</p> + +<p>"I do so, most certainly," quoth the author, "for +such are the corresponding words."</p> + +<p>"And yet, I dare say, sir," quoth Don Quixote, +"that you are scarcely known in the world,—but it +is the fate of all ingenious men. What abilities are +lost, what genius obscured, and what talents despised! +Nevertheless, I cannot but think that translation from +one language into another, unless it be from the noblest +of all languages, Greek and Latin, is like presenting +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">274</a></span> +the back of a piece of tapestry, where, though the figures +are seen, they are obscured by innumerable knots +and ends of thread, very different from the smooth and +agreeable texture of the proper face of the work; and +to translate easy languages of a similar construction +requires no more talent than transcribing one paper +from another. But I would not hence infer that translating +is not a laudable exercise; for a man may be +worse and more unprofitably employed. Nor can my +observation apply to the two celebrated translators, +Doctor Christopher de Figueroa, in his 'Pastor Fido,' +and Don John de Xaurigui, in his 'Aminta,' who, with +singular felicity, have made it difficult to decide which +is the translation and which is the original. But tell +me, signor, is this book printed at your charge, or have +you sold the copyright to some bookseller?"</p> + +<p>"I print it, sir, on my own account," answered the +author, "and expect a thousand ducats by this first +impression of two thousand copies. At six reals each +copy they will go off in a trice."</p> + +<p>"'Tis mighty well," quoth Don Quixote, "though +I fear you know but little of the tricks of booksellers, +and the juggling there is amongst them. Take my +word for it, you will find a burden of two thousand +volumes upon your back no trifling matter, especially +if the book be deficient in sprightliness."</p> + +<p>"What, sir!" cried the author, "would you have me +give my labor to a bookseller, who, if he paid me three +maravedis for it, would think it abundant, and say I +was favored? No, sir, fame is not my object: of that +I am already secure. Profit is what I now seek, without +which fame is nothing."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">275</a></span> +"Well, Heaven prosper you, sir!" said the knight, +who, passing on, observed a man correcting a sheet of +a book entitled "The Light of the Soul." On seeing +the title, he said, "Books of this kind, numerous as +they already are, ought still to be encouraged; for +numerous are the benighted sinners that require to be +enlightened." He went forward, and saw another book +under the corrector's hand, and, on inquiring the title, +they told him it was the second part of the ingenious +gentleman Don Quixote de la Mancha, written by such +a one, of Tordesillas.</p> + +<p>"I know something of that book," quoth Don Quixote, +"and, on my conscience, I thought it had been +burnt long before now for its stupidity; but its Martinmas +will come, as it does to every hog. Works of +invention are only so far good as they come near to +truth and probability; as general history is valuable in +proportion as it is authentic."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Rashness is not valor; doubtful hopes ought to make +men resolute, not rash.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>There is a remedy for all things except death.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Between said and done</span> +<span class="i0">A long race may be run.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He whom Heaven favors may St. Peter bless.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>They that give must take.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">276</a></span> +Where there are hooks, we do not always find bacon.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Good expectation is better than bad possession.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>To-day for you, and to-morrow for me.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>He that falls to-day may rise to-morrow.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Great hearts should be patient under misfortunes, as +well as joyful when all goes well.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>I have heard say, she they call Fortune is a drunken, +freakish dame, and withal so blind that she does not +see what she is about; neither whom she raises, nor +whom she pulls down.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>One thing I must tell thee, there is no such thing in +the world as fortune; nor do the events which fall out, +whether good or evil, proceed from chance, but from +the particular appointment of Heaven,—and hence +comes the usual saying, that every man is the maker +of his own fortune.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The faults of the ass should not be laid on the pack-saddle.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>When it rains let the shower fall upon my cloak.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"Observe, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "there is +a great deal of difference between love and gratitude. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">277</a></span> +It is very possible for a gentleman not to be in love; +but, strictly speaking, it is impossible he should be +ungrateful."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The sin will cease when the temptation is removed.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The heart will not grieve for what the eye doth not +perceive.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>What prayers can ne'er gain, a leap from a hedge +may obtain.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Proverbs are short maxims of human wisdom, the +result of experience and observation, and are the gifts +of ancient sages; yet the proverb which is not aptly +applied, instead of being wisdom, is stark nonsense.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>It is the part of a good servant to sympathize with +his master's pains.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"Methinks," quoth Sancho, "that a man cannot be +suffering much when he can turn his brain to verse-making."</p> + + + +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">sancho panza on sleep.</span></div> + +<p>"No entiendo eso," replied Sancho; "solo entiendo +que en tanto que duermo, ni tengo temor, ni esperanza, +ni trabajo, ni gloria; y bien haya el que inventó el +sueño, capa que cubre todos los humanos pensamientos, +manjar que quita la hambre, agua que ahuyenta la sed, +fuego que calienta el frio, frio que templa el ardor, y +finalmente moneda general con que todas las cosas se +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">278</a></span> +compran, balanza y peso que iguala al pastor con el rey, +y al simple con el discreto. Sola una cosa tiene mala +el sueño, segun he oido decir, y es que se parece á la +muerte, pues de un dormido á un muerto hay muy poca +diferencia."</p> + +<p>"I know not what that means," replied Sancho; "I +only know that while I am asleep I have neither fear, +nor hope, nor trouble, nor glory. Blessings light on +him who first invented sleep! Sleep is the mantle that +shrouds all human thoughts; the food that dispels hunger; +the drink that quenches thirst; the fire that warms +the cold; the cool breeze that moderates heat; in a +word, the general coin that purchases every commodity; +the weight and balance that makes the shepherd +even with his sovereign, and the simple with the sage. +There is only one bad circumstance, as I have heard, +in sleep: it resembles death, inasmuch as between a +dead corse and a sleeping man there is no apparent +difference."</p> + +<p>"Enjoy thy repose," said Don Quixote; "thou wast +born to sleep and I to watch; and, during the little of +night that remains, I will give my thoughts the rein, +and cool the furnace of my reflections with a short +madrigal, which I have this evening, unknown to thee, +composed in my own mind."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i1">Amor, cuando yo pienso</span> +<span class="i0">En el mal que me das terrible y fuerte,</span> +<span class="i0">Voy corriendo á la muerte,</span> +<span class="i0">Pensando así acabar mi mal inmenso:</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">279</a></span> +<span class="i1">Mas en llegando al paso,</span> +<span class="i0">Que es puerto en este mar de mi tormento,</span> +<span class="i0">Tanta alegría siento,</span> +<span class="i0">Que la vida se esfuerza, y no le paso.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i1">Así el vivir me mata,</span> +<span class="i0">Que la muerte me torna á dar la vida.</span> +<span class="i0">O condicion no oida,</span> +<span class="i0">La que conmigo muerte y vida trata!</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">O love! when, sick of heart-felt grief,</span> +<span class="i1">I sigh, and drag thy cruel chain,</span> +<span class="i0">To death I fly, the sure relief</span> +<span class="i1">Of those who groan in lingering pain.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">But coming to the fatal gates,</span> +<span class="i1">The port in this my sea of woe,</span> +<span class="i0">The joy I feel new life creates,</span> +<span class="i1">And bids my spirits brisker flow.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Thus dying every hour I live,</span> +<span class="i1">And living I resign my breath.</span> +<span class="i0">Strange power of love, that thus can give</span> +<span class="i1">A dying life and living death!</span> +</div></div> + + +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem2"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Till Heaven, in pity to the weeping world,</span> +<span class="i1">Shall give Altisidora back to day,</span> +<span class="i0">By Quixote's scorn to realms of Pluto hurled,</span> +<span class="i1">Her every charm to cruel death a prey;</span> +<span class="i1">While matrons throw their gorgeous robes away,</span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">280</a></span> +<span class="i0">To mourn a nymph by cold disdain betrayed:</span> +<span class="i1">To the complaining lyre's enchanting lay</span> +<span class="i0">I'll sing the praises of this hapless maid,</span> +<span class="i_1">In sweeter notes than Thracian Orpheus ever played.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Nor shall my numbers with my life expire,</span> +<span class="i1">Or this world's light confine the boundless song:</span> +<span class="i0">To thee, bright maid, in death I'll touch the lyre,</span> +<span class="i1">And to my soul the theme shall still belong.</span> +<span class="i1">When, freed from clay, the flitting ghosts among,</span> +<span class="i0">My spirit glides the Stygian shores around,</span> +<span class="i1">Though the cold hand of death has sealed my tongue,</span> +<span class="i0">Thy praise the infernal caverns shall rebound,</span> +<span class="i_1">And Lethe's sluggish waves move slower to the sound.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Better kill me outright than break my back with +other men's burdens.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Sleep is the best cure for waking troubles.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Devils, play or not play, win or not win, can never +be content.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>History that is good, faithful, and true, will survive +for ages; but should it have none of these qualities, its +passage will be short between the cradle and the grave.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>As for dying for love, it is all a jest; your lovers, +indeed, may easily say they are dying, but that they +will actually give up the ghost, believe it—Judas. +</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">281</a></span> +"Madam," said he, "your ladyship should know +that the chief cause of this good damsel's suffering +is idleness, the remedy whereof is honest and constant +employment. Lace, she tells me, is much worn in +purgatory, and since she cannot but know how to make +it, let her stick to that; for, while her fingers are assiduously +employed with her bobbins, the images that +now haunt her imagination will keep aloof, and leave +her mind tranquil and happy. This, madam, is my +opinion and advice."</p> + +<p>"And mine, too," added Sancho, "for I never in +my life heard of a lacemaker that died for love; for +your damsels that bestir themselves at some honest +labor think more of their work than of their sweethearts. +I know it by myself; when I am digging, I +never think of my Teresa, though, God bless her! I +love her more than my very eyelids."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Railing among lovers is the next neighbor to forgiveness.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The ass will carry the load, but not a double load.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">When money's paid before it's due,</span> +<span class="i0">A broken limb will straight ensue.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>Delay breeds danger.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Pray to God devoutly,</span> +<span class="i0">And hammer away stoutly.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class="two" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">282</a></span> +A sparrow in the hand is worth an eagle on the wing.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"No more proverbs, for God's sake," quoth Don +Quixote, "for, methinks, Sancho, thou art losing +ground, and returning to <i>sicut erat</i>. Speak plainly, +as I have often told thee, and thou wilt find it worth +a loaf per cent to thee."</p> + +<p>"I know not how I came by this unlucky trick," +replied Sancho: "I cannot bring you in three words +to the purpose without a proverb, nor give you a proverb +which, to my thinking, is not to the purpose;—but +I will try to mend."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The straw is too hard to make pipes of.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>The knight and squire ascended a little eminence, +whence they discovered their village; which Sancho +no sooner beheld than, kneeling down, he said: "Open +thine eyes, O my beloved country! and behold thy son, +Sancho Panza, returning to thee again, if not rich, yet +well whipped! Open thine arms, and receive thy son +Don Quixote, too! who, though worsted by another, +has conquered himself, which, as I have heard say, is +the best kind of victory! Money I have gotten, and +though I have been soundly banged, I have come off +like a gentleman."</p> + +<p>"Leave these fooleries, Sancho," quoth Don Quixote, +"and let us go directly to our homes, where we will +give full scope to our imagination, and settle our intended +scheme of a pastoral life."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">283</a></span> +It must here be mentioned that Sancho Panza, by +way of sumpter-cloth, had thrown the buckram robe +painted with flames, which he had worn on the night +of Altisidora's revival, upon his ass. He likewise clapped +the mitre on Dapple's head,—in short, never was an +ass so honored and bedizened. The priest and bachelor, +immediately recognizing their friends, ran toward them +with open arms. Don Quixote alighted, and embraced +them cordially. In the mean time, the boys, whose keen +eyes nothing can escape, came flocking from all parts.</p> + +<p>"Ho!" cries one, "here comes Sancho Panza's ass, +as gay as a parrot, and Don Quixote's old horse, leaner +than ever!"</p> + +<p>Thus, surrounded by the children and accompanied by +the priest and the bachelor, they proceeded through the +village till they arrived at Don Quixote's house, where, +at the door, they found the housekeeper and the niece, +who had already heard of his arrival. It had likewise +reached the ears of Sancho's wife, Teresa, who, half-naked, +with her hair about her ears, and dragging Sanchica +after her, ran to meet her husband; and seeing +him not so well equipped as she thought a governor +ought to be, she said: "What makes you come thus, +dear husband? methinks you come afoot and foundered! +This, I trow, is not as a governor should +look."</p> + +<p>"Peace, wife," quoth Sancho; "the bacon is not so +easily found as the pin to hang it on. Let us go home, +and there you shall hear wonders. I have got money, +and honestly, too, without wronging anybody."</p> + +<p>"Hast thou got money, good husband? Nay, then, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">284</a></span> +'t is well, however it be gotten; for, well or ill, it will +have brought up no new custom in the world."</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>All things human, especially the lives of men, are +transitory, ever advancing from their beginning to their +decline and final determination.</p> +<hr class="two" /> +<p>"The greatest folly," said Sancho, "that a man can +commit in this world, is to give himself up to death +without any good cause for it, but only from melancholy."</p> +<hr class="two" /> + + +<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the will of don quixote.</span></div> + +<p>"I feel, good sirs," said Don Quixote, "that death +advances fast upon me. Let us then be serious, and +bring me a confessor, and a notary to draw up my will, +for a man in my state must not trifle with his soul. +Let the notary be sent for, I beseech you, while my +friend here, the priest, is taking my confession."</p> + +<p>The priest, having listened to his dying friend's confession, +came out of the room and told them that the good +Alonzo Quixano was near his end, and certainly in his +right senses; he therefore advised them to go in, as it +was full time that his will should be made. These +tidings gave a terrible stab to the overcharged hearts +of the two ladies and his faithful squire, whose eyes +overflowed with weeping, and whose bosoms had well-nigh +burst with a thousand sighs and groans; for, indeed, +it must be owned, as we have somewhere observed, +that whether in the character of Alonzo Quixano the +Good, or in the capacity of Don Quixote de la Mancha, +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">285</a></span> +the poor gentleman had always exhibited marks of a +peaceable temper and agreeable demeanor, for which +he was beloved, not only by his own family, but also +by all those who had the pleasure of his acquaintance.</p> + +<p>The notary entering the apartment with the rest of +the company, wrote the preamble of the will, in which +Don Quixote disposed of his soul in all the necessary +Christian forms; then proceeding to the legacies, he +said:—</p> + +<p>"Item: whereas, Sancho Panza, whom, in my madness, +I made my squire, has in his hands a certain sum +of money for my use; and, as divers accounts, disbursements, +and pecuniary transactions have passed between +us, it is my will that he shall not be charged or brought +to account for the said money; but, if there be any +overplus after he has deducted the payment of what I +owe him, the said overplus, which must be a mere trifle, +shall be his own, and much good may it do him; and +as, during my disorder, I contributed to his being made +governor of an island, I would now, while I enjoy my +perfect senses, confer upon him, were it in my power, +a whole kingdom, which he richly deserves for the +innocency of his heart and the fidelity of his service."</p> + +<p>Then turning to the disconsolate squire, "Forgive +me, friend," said he, "for having been the cause of +thy appearing in the eye of the world a madman like +myself, by drawing thee into my erroneous notions +concerning the existence and adventures of knights-errant."</p> + +<p>"Gentlemen," said Don Quixote, "let us proceed +fair and softly. I was mad, I am now sane; I was +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">286</a></span> +Don Quixote de la Mancha; I am now, as formerly +styled, Alonzo Quixano the Good. And may my repentance +and sincerity restore me to the esteem you +once had for me. Now let the notary proceed.</p> + +<p>"Item: I bequeath to Antonia Quixano, my niece, +here present, all my estate, real and personal, after the +payment of all my debts and legacies; and the first to +be discharged shall be the wages due to my housekeeper +for the time she has been in my service, and twenty +ducats besides for a suit of mourning.</p> + +<p>"I appoint for my executors signor the priest and +signor bachelor Sampson Carrasco, here present.</p> + +<p>"Item: It is also my will that, if Antonia Quixano, +my niece, should be inclined to marry, it shall be only +with a man who, upon the strictest inquiry, shall be +found to know nothing of books of chivalry; and, in +case it appear that he is acquainted with such books, +and that my niece, notwithstanding, will and doth marry +him, then shall she forfeit all I have bequeathed her, +which my executors may dispose of in pious uses as +they think proper.</p> + +<p>"And, finally, I beseech the said gentlemen, my +executors, that if haply they should come to the knowledge +of the author of a certain history dispersed abroad, +entitled, 'The Second Part of the Achievements of Don +Quixote de la Mancha,' that they will, in my name, +most earnestly entreat him to forgive me for having +been the innocent cause of his writing such a number +of absurdities as that performance contains; for I quit +this life with some scruples of conscience arising from +that consideration."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">287</a></span> +The will being thus concluded, he was seized with a +fainting-fit, and stretched himself at full length in the +bed, so that all the company were alarmed and ran to +his assistance. During three days which he lived after +the will was signed and sealed, he frequently fainted, +and the whole family was in confusion. Nevertheless, +the niece ate her victuals, the housekeeper drank to the +repose of his soul, and even Sancho cherished his little +carcass; for the prospect of succession either dispels or +moderates that affliction which an heir ought to feel at +the death of the testator.</p> + +<p>At last Don Quixote expired, after having received +all the sacraments, and in the strongest terms, pathetically +enforced, expressed his abomination against all +books of chivalry; and the notary observed, that in +all the books of that kind which he had perused, he +had never read of any knight-errant who died quietly +in his bed as a good Christian, like Don Quixote; who, +amidst the tears and lamentations of all present, gave +up the ghost, or, in other words, departed this life. +The curate was no sooner certified of his decease, than +he desired the notary to make out a testimonial, declaring +that Alonzo Quixano the Good, commonly called +Don Quixote de la Mancha, had taken his departure +from this life, and died of a natural death; that no +other author, different from Cid Hamet Benengeli, +should falsely pretend to raise him from the dead, and +write endless histories of his achievements.</p> + +<hr class='hr' /> + +<p>This was the end of that extraordinary gentleman of +La Mancha, whose birthplace Cid Hamet was careful +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">288</a></span> +to conceal, that all the towns and villages of that province +might contend for the honor of having produced +him, as did the seven cities of Greece for the glory of +giving birth to Homer. The lamentations of Sancho, +the niece and the housekeeper, are not here given, nor +the new epitaphs on the tomb of the deceased knight, +except the following one, composed by Sampson Carrasco:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i1">Here lies the valiant cavalier,</span> +<span class="i1">Who never had a sense of fear:</span> +<span class="i1">So high his matchless courage rose,</span> +<span class="i0">He reckoned death among his vanquished foes.</span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i1">Wrongs to redress, his sword he drew,</span> +<span class="i1">And many a caitiff giant slew;</span> +<span class="i1">His days of life though madness stained,</span> +<span class="i0">In death his sober senses he regained.</span> +</div></div> +<hr class='hr' /> +<div class="center">FOOTNOTES</div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">1</span></a> Rodrigo de Bivar, or the Cid, the national champion of +Spain.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">2</span></a> Some biographers have it that the house was in the Calle de +Leon, afterwards the royal asylum, and that his wife and sister +had belonged to the third order of St. Francis for seven years +before his death.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">3</span></a> Showing that Cervantes was familiar with the Bible as well +as Latin classics.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">4</span></a> Showing also his familiarity with Æsop.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">5</span></a> The king's morsel is better than the lord's bounty.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">6</span></a> Certain churches, with indulgences, appointed to be visited, +either for pardon of sins, or for procuring blessings. Madmen, +probably, in their lucid intervals, were obliged to this exercise.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">7</span></a> "From a friend to a friend, a bug in the eye," is a proverb +applied to the false professions of friendship.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">8</span></a> Cervantes makes frequent use of Bible quotations.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">9</span></a> A Sicilian, native of Catania, who lived in the latter part of +the sixteenth century. He was commonly called Pesce-cola, or +Fish-Nicholas, and is said to have lived so much in the water +from his infancy, that he could cleave the waters in the midst of +a storm like a marine animal.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">10</span></a> <i>Zapateadores</i>: dancers that strike the soles of their shoes +with the palms of their hands, in time and measure.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">11</span></a> The phrase, <i>No quiero de tu capilla</i>, alludes to the practice of +friars, who, when charity is offered, hold out their hoods to receive +it, while they pronounce a refusal with their tongues.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">12</span></a> The entire proverb is: "He whose father is mayor goes safe +to his trial."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">13</span></a> The proverb is: "To keep silence well is called <i>Santo</i>."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">14</span></a> Jarvis's translation.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">15</span></a> Trunk-hose were prohibited by royal decree shortly after the +publication of <i>Don Quixote</i>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">16</span></a> It was customary for men of quality to wear a veil or +mask depending from the covering worn on the head, in order to +shield the face from the sun.</p></div> + +<hr class='hr' /> + +<p class="center">University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge.</p> + +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WIT AND WISDOM OF DON QUIXOTE***</p> +<p>******* This file should be named 24754-h.txt or 24754-h.zip *******</p> +<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/7/5/24754">http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/7/5/24754</a></p> +<p>Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed.</p> + +<p>Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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