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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Wit and Wisdom of Don Quixote, by Miguel de
+Cervantes Saavedra, et al
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Wit and Wisdom of Don Quixote
+
+
+Author: Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra
+
+
+
+Release Date: March 4, 2008  [eBook #24754]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WIT AND WISDOM OF DON QUIXOTE***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Turgut Dincer, and the Project
+Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustrations.
+      See 24754-h.htm or 24754-h.zip:
+      (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/7/5/24754/24754-h/24754-h.htm)
+      or
+      (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/7/5/24754/24754-h.zip)
+
+
+      +------------------------------------------------+
+      | Transcriber's note:                            |
+      |                                                |
+      | Proverbs in the original book are separated by |
+      | short horizontal lines; in this text file      |
+      | proverbs are treated as indented block quotes  |
+      | to distinguish them from the main body of the  |
+      | text.                                          |
+      +------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+WIT AND WISDOM OF DON QUIXOTE.
+
+PATCH GRIEF WITH PROVERBS.--_Shakespeare._
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: CERVANTES.]
+
+[Illustration: Cervantes Monument in Madrid, Spain.]
+
+
+
+Boston:
+Roberts Brothers.
+1882.
+
+Copyright, 1882,
+by Roberts Brothers.
+
+University Press:
+John Wilson and Son, Cambridge.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+Abadexo, 9.
+
+Adam, the first head scratched, 168.
+
+Adventure of the dead body, 51.
+
+Adventures of Esplandian, 17.
+
+Alamos of Medina del Campo, 199.
+
+Aldermen, the braying, 169.
+
+Altisidora, songs of, 219, 265.
+
+Amadis de Gaul, 4, 17.
+
+Amadis de Greece, 19.
+
+Arms, the honorable profession of, 173.
+
+Araucana, 24.
+
+Austriada, 24.
+
+
+Bacallao, 9.
+
+Barabbas, wife for, 115.
+
+Barataria, the island of, 222, 223, 250.
+
+Barber's basin, taken for Mambrino's helmet, 58.
+
+Basilius the Poor, adventure of, 147.
+
+Belfreys and palfreys much the same, 125.
+
+Boar hunt, the, 182.
+
+Bray, town of, 172.
+
+
+Cane, the hollow, 227.
+
+Carrasco, views upon critics, 109;
+  made executor, 286.
+
+Chrysostom, story of, 37;
+  interment of, 41;
+  song of, 45;
+  epitaph upon, 49.
+
+Clavileno, flight of, 203.
+
+Comedy, adherence to the unities necessary, 89.
+
+Countryman, the tale of, 239.
+
+Critic, not cricket, 163.
+
+Cuenza, cloth of, 180.
+
+Cupid's address at wedding of Quiteria, 153.
+
+Curadillo, 9.
+
+Cure of jealousy, 22.
+
+
+Dapple, 181, 182, 184, 197.
+
+Darinel, 18.
+
+Dead body, adventure of, 51.
+
+Death, Sancho's views on, 165.
+
+Description of a lady, 33.
+
+Diana, the, of Montemayor, 21, 22.
+
+Disenchantment of Dulcinea, 187, 196.
+
+Don Bellionis, 20.
+
+Don Diego de Miranda, 20.
+
+Don Galaor, serving no especial mistress, 36.
+
+Don Olivante de Laura, 18.
+
+Don Kyrie Eleison of Montalvan, 21.
+
+Don Quixote, income of, 1;
+  family of, 1;
+  age of, 1;
+  fancies of, 2;
+  his armor, 2;
+  his steed, 3;
+  begins his adventures, 5;
+  arrival at inn, 6;
+  seeks knighthood, 10;
+  watches his armor, 13;
+  is knighted, 14;
+  his self-confidence, 16;
+  his library destroyed, 16, 25;
+  his squire, 25;
+  extolls the Golden Age, 29;
+  his requisites for a knight-errant, 35;
+  at the interment of Chrysostom, 41;
+  his adventure with a dead body, 51;
+  captures Mambrino's helmet, 56;
+  performs penance, 63;
+  his views of knight-errantry, 76, 82;
+  receives a visit from the lady Dulcinea, 126;
+  adventure with the lions, 133;
+  attends the wedding of Quiteria the Fair, 147;
+  a "sensible madman," 197;
+  counsels Sancho, 203, 210, 225;
+  his views upon poetry, 131;
+  of love, 161;
+  of marriage, 162;
+  upon long finger-nails, 211;
+  of proverbs, 212;
+  converses with an author, 273;
+  returns home, 282;
+  his will, 284, 285;
+  his death, 287;
+  epitaph upon, 288.
+
+Duke and Duchess, the, 181.
+
+Dulcinea, described by Don Quixote, 37;
+  letters to, 65;
+  lines to, 66;
+  disenchantment of, 187, 196;
+  lines to, 66;
+  sonnet to, 96.
+
+
+Earldom, Sancho's views of the management of one, 91.
+
+El Cancionero, 23.
+
+Enchanter's errand, the, 188.
+
+Epitaphs on Don Quixote, 96, 98, 288.
+
+Epitaphs on Dulcinea, 99.
+
+Ermine, a modest women compared to one, 73.
+
+
+Fabila, the fate of, 184.
+
+Fish Nicholas, 143.
+
+Florismarle of Hyrcania, 18.
+
+Fort, Sonnet on the, 84.
+
+Frasso, Antonio de lo, 22.
+
+Friendship, sonnet to, 69.
+
+
+Galatea of Cervantes, 24.
+
+Genealogies reduced to four kinds, 119.
+
+Gil Polo, 22.
+
+Golden Age, panegyric upon the, 29.
+
+Goleta, sonnet upon the, 83.
+
+Governor's round of inspection, 245.
+
+Gratitude a duty, 61.
+
+
+Heaven, death by the hand of, demands patience, 55.
+
+Herdsmen, the purse of the, 199.
+
+Herradura, the, 199.
+
+
+Industry tranquillizing, 281.
+
+Instructions for government of Island, 203-210.
+
+Island of Sancho Panza, promise of, 25, 26;
+  possession taken of, 222, 223.
+
+
+Julius Cæsar, anecdote of, 174.
+
+
+Knighted, Don Quixote, 14.
+
+Knight-errant, the, without a mistress, 4, 36, 177;
+  food of, 28;
+  impiety of, 35;
+  defence of, 35;
+  hunger of, 71;
+  compared to the courtier-knight, 118;
+  extolled, 141;
+  compared to the saints, 122, 123;
+  his need of money never recorded, 12.
+
+Knight-errantry, the surpassing excellence of, 76;
+  compared to the life of a scholar or soldier, 78, 79;
+  science of, 142.
+
+Knighthood, ceremonies of, 14, 15.
+
+Knight of the Cross, 19.
+
+Knight Platir, 19.
+
+Knight, the, reproved, 198;
+  if poor, his rank is manifested by his virtues, 128.
+
+
+Lace-bone, 263.
+
+Lace worn in Purgatory, 281.
+
+La Mancha, 1, 95, 288.
+
+Lanzarote, romance of, 8.
+
+Learning of Sancho Panza, 28, 205.
+
+Letters, from Don Quixote, 255;
+  from the Duchess, 251;
+  from the Duke, 237;
+  from Sancho, 196, 258;
+  from Teresa, 261.
+
+Library of Don Quixote destroyed, 16.
+
+Licentiate, story of, 100.
+
+Lions, adventure with, 133.
+
+Lucifer, the first tumbler, 168.
+
+
+Mambrino's helmet, 56.
+
+Manuscript discovered in Saragossa, 95.
+
+Marcela, cruelty of, 33, 37, 39.
+
+Marriage of Camacho the Rich, 147.
+
+Mateo Boyardo, 19.
+
+Merlin, 188-190.
+
+Miraguardia, castle of, 20.
+
+Mirror of chivalry, 19.
+
+Molinera buckles the spurs, 15.
+
+Monteil, plains of, 26.
+
+Monsurato, 24.
+
+Montesinos, care of, 181.
+
+
+Nymphs of Enares, 23.
+
+
+Olalia, poem to, 31.
+
+Oran, general of, 133.
+
+
+Palinurus, 84.
+
+Panza, Sancho, _vide_ Sancho Panza.
+
+Panza, Teresa, _vide_ Teresa Panza.
+
+Parley about the penance, 189.
+
+Pastor Fido, 274.
+
+Penance, a pleasing, 65.
+
+Penance of Don Quixote, 63.
+
+Poem addressed to Dulcinea, 66.
+
+Poem addressed to Olalia, 31.
+
+Poetry, views of Don Quixote upon, 131
+
+Praise of poverty, 217.
+
+Proverbs. See INDEX TO PROVERBS.
+
+Proverbs, Don Quixote's dislike of, 186, 212, 215, 216
+
+Proverbs of Sancho Panza, 212.
+
+Pyramus and Thisbe, story of, 145.
+
+
+Queen Pintiquinestra, 18.
+
+Quexana, Antonia, heiress of Don Quixote, 286.
+
+Quixote, Don, _vide_ Don Quixote.
+
+Quiteria, the Fair, 147.
+
+
+Retention, definition of, 63.
+
+Rosinante, named, 3;
+  encomiums upon, 7;
+  sonnet to, 97, 124.
+
+
+Saints and knights-errant compared, 123.
+
+Sancha Mary, a match for her considered, 113-115.
+
+Sanchica, 263.
+
+Sancho Panza, becomes a squire, 25;
+  counselled to ambition, 27;
+  defines retention, 63;
+  love to God, 71;
+  his views upon administration, 91;
+  is received by his wife, 93;
+  plain speaking of, 105;
+  conditions of his service, 110;
+  self-confidence of, 111;
+  rejoicing at rejoining Don Quixote, 112;
+  homecomings of, 117;
+  at the wedding of Quiteria, 147;
+  views upon death, 165;
+    upon penance, 189, 196;
+    upon sleep, 277;
+  his conundrum, 168;
+  description of, 168;
+  plight of, 181;
+  at the boar hunt, 183;
+  submits to penance, 195;
+  government of, 197;
+  official dress of, 205;
+  learning of, 28, 205;
+  proverbs of, 212;
+  receives advice, 213;
+  assumes the governorship, 222;
+  encounter with the doctor, 233;
+  advises the countryman, 239;
+  makes a round of inspection, 245;
+  returns home, 282.
+
+Saragossa, 95.
+
+Scholars, sufferings of, 78, 79.
+
+Serenade, a, 218.
+
+Seville, story of lunatic of, 100.
+
+Shepherd of Iberia, 23.
+
+Shepherd of Filida, 23.
+
+Sleep, Sancho's views upon, 277.
+
+Soldier, sufferings of the, 79, 80.
+
+
+Tailor, the secret of a, 224.
+
+Tasters, story of, 129.
+
+Tears of St. Peter, 72.
+
+Tembleque, 200.
+
+Teresa Panza, receives Sancho, 93;
+  counsels him, 114;
+  her good sense, 116;
+  receives the page, 249;
+  writes Sancho, 261.
+
+Tirante the White, 21.
+
+Tolosa, girds on sword of Don Quixote, 14.
+
+Truchuela, 9.
+
+Truth, the mother of history, 29.
+
+
+Wife, but one good, 160.
+
+
+Zamora, a bagpipe, 152.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX TO PROVERBS.
+
+
+Actions, when prejudicial, not to be recorded, 106.
+
+Advice, a woman's, to be taken, 120.
+
+Affront, an, to be maintained, 177.
+
+Animals, lessons to be learned from, 127.
+
+Analysis of fables, 87.
+
+Army, the, a school for generosity, 82.
+
+Associates, character indicated by self-chosen ones, 124.
+
+
+Beauty, all does not inspire to love, 49.
+
+Beauty in a modest woman, 49.
+
+Beautiful objects infinite, 49.
+
+Benefits conferred on the base, 61.
+
+Bird, a, in the hand, 71, 120, 127, 282.
+
+Birds, none in last year's nests, 218.
+
+Biters, the, are bit, 245.
+
+Book, good in every, 109.
+
+Books, no, no bacon, 124.
+
+Brevity pleasing, 60.
+
+Building on impossibilities, 74.
+
+By-and-by, the streets of, 162.
+
+
+Cats, by night all are gray, 180.
+
+Church, the, the court, the sea, 83.
+
+Clergyman, a, what he should be to be beloved, 33.
+
+Companions, a man known by his, 124.
+
+Comparisons offensive, 104.
+
+Course, the middle, the one of valor, 104.
+
+Customs not all invented at once, 6.
+
+
+Death, a remedy for everything but, 210.
+
+Delay breeds danger, 86, 281.
+
+Devil, the, assumes an angel form, 74.
+
+Diligence, the mother of success, 86.
+
+Disquietude designed for knights, 34.
+
+Drinker, a good, covered by a bad cloak, 186.
+
+
+Enemy, an, the merits of his cause, 209.
+
+Epics, prose, 88.
+
+Ermine, an, a modest woman compared to, 73.
+
+
+Fables, analysis of, 87.
+
+Fast bind, fast find, 120.
+
+Fear, the effect of, 49.
+
+Fiction, better as it resembles truth, 87.
+
+Finger, a, between two eye-teeth, 215.
+
+Flattery, the sway of, 145.
+
+Forewarned, forearmed, 132.
+
+Fortune, good, seldom comes single, 83.
+
+Fortune like a mill-wheel, 87.
+
+Friend, a, consolation, 62.
+
+Frying-pan, out of, 50.
+
+
+God's mercy more glorious than His justice, 210.
+
+Good in every book, 109.
+
+Gold, all that glitters is not, 244.
+
+Governing pleasant, 203.
+
+Gratitude, a compensation, 271; a duty, 61.
+
+Grievance, no, can keep the sufferer from kindness, 70.
+
+
+Handle, the right one of things, 56.
+
+Happiness as reckoned by sages, 130.
+
+History, a sacred subject, 108.
+
+History, faithful, will survive, 280.
+
+Holy days to be kept peacefully, 122.
+
+Hope and love coincident, 74.
+
+Host, to reckon without the, 104.
+
+Hypocrite, a, less dangerous than the open transgressor, 173.
+
+
+Jest, a painful, no jest, 272.
+
+Jesting, a time for, 123.
+
+Judge, a, should lean toward compassion, 209.
+
+
+King, serving the, in war, 173.
+
+Knights, all, not courteous, 118.
+
+
+Lance, the, never blunted the pen, 49.
+
+Learned men among mountains. 93.
+
+Leap, a, better than a prayer, 60.
+
+Liberality, the blessings of, 288.
+
+Liberty, the blessings of, 2.
+
+Light, the, shines upon all, 245.
+
+Lineages, two kinds of, 60.
+
+Liver, the good, the best preacher, 166.
+
+Love, a leveller, 29.
+
+Love, the eyes of, 70.
+
+Love, unconstrained, 49.
+
+Love, uncompromising, 56.
+
+Love, conquered by flight, 74.
+
+Love, vanities of, 76.
+
+Love, wears spectacles, 163.
+
+Lovers, external actions of, 124.
+
+
+Madness, the followers of, 129.
+
+Maiden, a, her reserve her defence, 104.
+
+Many littles make a mickle, 121.
+
+Man, a dishonored, 71.
+
+Manners, good, cheap, 202.
+
+Master, a, judged by his servants, 176.
+
+Mayor, he whose father is a, 214.
+
+Might overcomes, 86.
+
+Mischance, one, invites another, 70.
+
+Misfortunes never single, 70.
+
+Money willingly lent to officials, 118.
+
+Music, the effect of, 70.
+
+
+Nail, a, in Fortune's wheel, 162.
+
+Nature is like a potter, 176.
+
+Nobility, true, 76.
+
+
+Pains, those of others are easy to bear, 176.
+
+Patience, and shuffle the cards, 168.
+
+Paymaster, a good, needs no security, 176.
+
+Peace, no, in scruples of conscience, 104.
+
+Philosophers in cottages, 93.
+
+Purpose, the honest, favored, 76.
+
+
+Railing is neighbor to forgiveness, 281.
+
+Remedy, a, for everything but death, 210.
+
+Retreat sometimes wise, 61.
+
+Riches, two roads to, 120.
+
+Riches, of little avail against trouble, 62.
+
+Rome, when in, 264.
+
+Rules for obtaining excellence, 62.
+
+
+Seeing is believing, 128.
+
+Severity is not disdain, 50.
+
+Sleep, a cure for trouble, 280.
+
+Soldier, a covetous, a monster, 82.
+
+Soldier, equal to a captain, 34.
+
+Song, the relief of, 61.
+
+Sorrow, concealed, 73.
+
+Sorrow, a blessing, 128.
+
+
+Thing, a, begun is half finished, 202.
+
+Thing, a, the right handle of, 56.
+
+To-day here, to-morrow gone, 121.
+
+Tongues as weapons, 177.
+
+Tricks of a town, 86.
+
+Truffles, to look for, in the sea, 106.
+
+Truth, the mother of history, 29.
+
+Truth may bend, 124.
+
+
+Virtue more persecuted than beloved, 86.
+
+
+Walls have ears, 244.
+
+Wealth, its gratification is a right application, 119.
+
+Wise, a word to the, 202.
+
+Wit and humor, attributes of genius, 108.
+
+Woman, varieties of, 70.
+
+Woman, the burden to which she is born, 118.
+
+Woman, her advice, to be taken, 120.
+
+
+Yes or no of a woman, between the, 162.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: DON QUIXOTE.]
+
+CERVANTES.
+
+A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
+
+
+The most trivial act of the daily life of some men has a unique
+interest, independent of idle curiosity, which dissatisfies us with the
+meagre food of date, place, and pedigree. So in the "Cartas de Indias"
+was published, two years ago, in Spain, a facsimile letter from
+Cervantes when tax-gatherer to Philip II., informing him of the efforts
+he had made to collect the taxes in certain Andalusian villages.
+
+It is difficult, from the slight social record that we have of
+Cervantes, to draw the line where imagination begins and facts end.
+
+Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, the contemporary of Shakspeare, Galileo,
+Camoens, Rubens, Tasso, and Lope de Vega, was born obscurely and in
+poverty, but with good antecedents. His grandfather, Juan de Cervantes,
+was the corregidor, or mayor, of Ossuna, and our poet was the youngest
+son of Rodrigo and Leonora de Cortiños, of the Barajas family. On either
+side he belonged to illustrious houses. He speaks of his birthplace as
+the "famous Henares,"--"Alcala de Henares," sometimes called Alcala de
+San Justo, from the saint San Justo having there suffered martyrdom
+under the traitor Daciamos. The town is beautifully situated on the
+borders of the Henares River, two thousand feet above the level of the
+sea.
+
+He was born on Sunday, October 9, 1547, and was baptized in the church
+of Santa Maria la Mayor, receiving his name on the fête day of his
+patron Saint Miguel, which some biographers have confounded with that of
+his birthday.
+
+We may be forgiven for a few words about Alcala de Henares, since, had
+it only produced so rare a man as was Cervantes, it would have had
+sufficient distinction; but it was a town of an eventful historical
+record. It was destroyed about the year 1000, and rebuilt and possessed
+by the Moors, was afterwards conquered by Bernardo, Archbishop of
+Toledo. Three hundred years later it was the favorite retreat of
+Ximenes, then Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo, who returned to it, after
+his splendid conquests, laden with gold and silver spoil taken from the
+mosques of Oran, and with a far richer treasure of precious Arabian
+manuscripts, intended for such a university as had long been his
+ambition to create, and the corner-stone of which he laid with his own
+hands in 1500. There was a very solemn ceremonial at the founding of
+this famous university, and a hiding away of coins and inscriptions
+under its massive walls, and a pious invocation to Heaven for a special
+blessing on the archbishop's design! At the end of eight years the
+extensive and splendid buildings were finished and the whole town
+improved. With the quickening of literary labor and the increase of
+opportunities of acquiring knowledge, the reputation of the university
+was of the highest.
+
+The cardinal's comprehensive mind included in its professorships all
+that he considered useful in the arts. Emulation was encouraged, and
+every effort was made to draw talent from obscurity. To this enlightened
+ecclesiastic is the world indebted for the undertaking of the Polyglot
+Bible, which, in connection with other learned works, led the university
+to be spoken of as one of the greatest educational establishments in the
+world. From far and near were people drawn to it. King Ferdinand paid
+homage to his subject's noble testimonial of labor, by visiting the
+cardinal at Alcala de Henares, and acknowledging that his own reign had
+received both benefit and glory from it. The people of Alcala punningly
+said, the church of Toledo had never had a bishop of greater
+_edification_ than Ximenes; and Erasmus, in a letter to his friend
+Vergara, perpetrates a Greek pun on the classic name of Alcala,
+intimating the highest opinion of the state of science there. The
+reclining statue of Ximenes, beautifully carved in alabaster, now
+ornaments his sepulchre in the College of St. Ildefonso.
+
+Cervantes shared the honor of the birthplace with the Emperor Ferdinand;
+he of "blessed memory," who failed to obtain permission from the Pope
+for priests to marry, but who, in spite of turbulent times, maintained
+religious peace in Germany, and lived to see the closing of the Council
+of Trent, marking his reign as one of the most enlightened of the age.
+
+Alcala also claims Antonio de Solis, the well-known historian, whose
+"Conquest of Mexico" has been translated into many languages, as well as
+Teodora de Beza, a zealous Calvinistic reformer and famous divine, a
+sharer of Calvin's labors in Switzerland and author of the celebrated
+manuscripts known as Beza's manuscripts.
+
+Judging from the character of the town and the refining educational
+influence that so grand a university must have had over its inhabitants,
+we have a right to believe that Cervantes was early imbued with all that
+was noble and good, and it is difficult to understand why, with all the
+advantages which the College of St. Ildefonso opened to him, he should
+have been sent away from it to that of Salamanca. Even allowing that the
+supposition of early poverty was correct, it would have appeared an
+additional reason for his being educated in his native town,
+particularly as liberal foundations were made for indigent students.
+The fact of his being sent to Salamanca would seem to disprove the
+supposition of pecuniary necessity. In its early days, the university of
+Salamanca was justly celebrated for its progress in astronomy and
+familiarity with Greek and Arabian writers; but, during the fifteenth
+and sixteenth centuries, it seems to have remained very stationary,
+little attention being paid to aught beside medicine and dogmatic
+theology.
+
+After being two years at Salamanca he changed to Madrid, where he is
+supposed to have made great progress, under the care of Juan Lopez de
+Hoyos, a professor of _belles lettres_, who spoke of Cervantes as "our
+dear and beloved pupil." Hoyos was himself a poet, and occasionally
+published collections to which Cervantes contributed his pastoral
+"Filena," which was much admired at the time. He also wrote several
+ballads; but ballads generally belong to their own age, and those that
+remain to us of his have lost much of their poignancy. Two poems,
+written on the death of Isabella of Valois, wife of Philip II.,
+specially pleased Hoyos, who at the time gave full credit to his
+promising pupil. That eighth wonder of the world, the Escurial, was in
+progress during Cervantes' time in Madrid; built as expiatory by the
+king, the husband of the same unfortunate Isabella. He was that subtle
+tyrant of Spain, who had the grace to say, on the destruction of the
+Invincible Armada, "I sent my fleet to combat with the English, not with
+the elements. God's will be done."
+
+While he was yet a boy, bull-fights were introduced into Spain:--
+
+  "Such the ungentle sport that oft invites
+   The Spanish maid, and cheers the Spanish swain,
+   Nurtured in blood betimes, his heart delights
+   In vengeance, gloating on another's pain."
+
+The attention of the Cardinal Acquaviva was called to him through his
+composition of "Filena," and, in 1568 or 1569, he joined the household
+of the cardinal and accompanied him to Rome. It is sad to think that
+only a few meagre items are all that remain to tell us of his daily life
+at this important period of his life. By some of his biographers he is
+mentioned as being under the protection of the cardinal; by one as
+seeking to better his penniless condition; by another as having the
+place of _valet de chambre_; and still again, we find him mentioned as a
+chamberlain in the household. Monsignor Guilio Acquaviva, in 1568, went
+as ambassador to Spain to offer the king the condolences of the Pontiff
+on the death of Don Carlos. The cardinal was a man of high position,
+young, yet of great accomplishments, and with cultivated literary
+tastes. What then could have been more natural than that he should have
+found companionship in Cervantes, and have desired to attach him to
+himself as a friend or as a confidential secretary, to be always near
+him. It is more than probable that his impressions of Southern France,
+which he immortalized in his early pastoral romance of "Galatea" were
+imbibed while making the journey to Rome with the cardinal, in whose
+service he must have remained three years, as in October 7, 1571, we
+find him joining the united Venetian, Papal, and Spanish expedition
+commanded by Don John of Austria, against the Turks and the African
+corsairs.
+
+In the naval engagement at Lepanto, Cervantes was badly wounded, and
+finally lost his left hand and part of the arm. For six months he was
+immured in the hospital at Messina. After his recovery, he joined the
+expedition to the Levant, commanded by Marco Antonio Colonna, Duke of
+Valiano. He joined at intervals various other expeditions, and not till
+after his prominence in the engagement at Tunis, did he, in 1575, start
+to return to Spain, the land of his heart, the theme of the poet, and
+the region supposed by the Moors to have dropped from heaven. Don John
+of Austria and Don Carlos of Arragon, Viceroy of Sicily, each bore the
+warmest testimony to the bravery and heroism of our poet, and each gave
+him strong letters of commendation to the king of Spain.
+
+In company with his own brother Roderigo, and other wounded soldiers
+who were returning home, he started in the ship _El Sol_, which had the
+misfortune, September 26, 1575, to be captured by an Algerine squadron.
+Then it happened that the letters from the two kings, so highly prized
+and upon which he had built so many hopes, proved a great misfortune to
+him. The pirates cast lots for the captives. Cervantes fell to the share
+of the captain, Dali Mami by name, who, in consequence of finding these
+two letters, imagined he must be some Don of great importance and worth
+a heavy ransom. He was watched and guarded with great strictness, loaded
+with heavy fetters, and subjected to cruelties of every kind, till his
+captor, not finding him of so much account as he had supposed, and no
+money being offered for his ransom, the captain finally sold him for
+five hundred escudos to the Dey Azan.
+
+Inasmuch as a change might lead to something better, Cervantes rejoiced.
+His gallant spirit, ever hopeful, looked for the open door in
+misfortune. But, alas! his increased sufferings with the Dey reached a
+climax almost beyond endurance. He made every struggle to escape; but
+even in the midst of all his own sufferings, he found ways of aiding his
+fellow-victims and inspiring them with the hopes denied to himself.
+Roderigo had escaped long before, and from that time was making constant
+exertion to raise the needful amount to redeem Miguel from the Dey, but
+not till September, 1580, did he succeed in effecting his release; some
+biographers making it a still later date.
+
+His father had long been dead, and his mother and sisters gathered what
+they could, but the combined family efforts were insufficient. There was
+a society of pious and generous monks, who made special exertions to
+assist in the liberation of Christian captives, and they finally made up
+the amount demanded by Azan for Cervantes' release.
+
+Worn down in spirit, broken in health, crushed at heart, who may venture
+to speak of the effect upon him when he once more found himself at home
+and in the embraces of his family? He himself says: "What transport in
+life can equal that which a man feels on the restoration of his
+liberty?" There is probably no more thrilling or exact an account of the
+Algerine slavery than he has given in "Don Quixote." Whether his love
+for a military life still pursued him, whether he desired an opportunity
+for revenge upon his persecutors, or whether it was fatality,--maimed
+and ruined as he was he once more entered the army. We cannot analyze
+his motive. He makes his bachelor Sampson say, "The historian must pen
+things not as they ought to have been but as they really were, without
+adding to or diminishing aught from the truth." The lives of literary
+men are not always devoid of stirring incidents. M. Viardot says of
+him: "Cervantes was an illustrious man before he became an illustrious
+author; the doer of great deeds before he produced an immortal book."
+Don Lope de Figueras then commanded a regiment of tried and veteran
+soldiers in the army of the Duke of Alva, in Portugal. His brother
+Roderigo was serving in it when he joined it; and as Figueras had known
+Cervantes in former campaigns, it is most probable he was in his
+regiment. Later on, we find Cervantes accompanying the Marquis de Santa
+Cruz on an expedition to the Azores, serving long and bravely under him.
+The conquest of the Azores is described as a fiercely won but brilliant
+victory over all the islands; and Cervantes immortalized the genius and
+gallantry of the admiral in a sonnet.
+
+The spirit of adventure ran high among the Castilians, while the whole
+nation was at the same time in course of mental as well as moral
+development. We are obliged to acknowledge that Spain in many ways was
+far behind Italy, though hardly as some would have it, at the distance
+of half a century. We must remember that, in 1530, there were only two
+hundred printing-presses in the whole of Europe, and that when the first
+one was set up in London, the Westminster abbot exclaimed, "Brethren,
+this is a tremendous engine! We must control it, or it will conquer us."
+The first press in Spain was set up in Valencia, in 1474, and Clemencin
+says that more printing-presses in the infancy of the art were probably
+at work in Spain than there are at the present day.
+
+A change seemed to have crept gradually over the whole national
+character of Spain after the brilliant and prosperous reign of Ferdinand
+and Isabella, commencing with the severity of the Inquisition and
+continuing under the tyranny of Philip II., predisposing the army to
+savage deeds, till even the women and children were infected and the
+literature of the period slightly tinged.
+
+Cervantes is too often merged into Don Quixote as if he had no separate
+existence. He accomplished more for the improvement of Spanish
+literature with his well-timed satire than all the laws or sermons could
+effect. His remarkable mind seems to have escaped the influence of the
+times, unless we make an exception of his drama "Numancia," which, while
+it excites the imagination, fills us with horror at its details, and
+fails to touch our hearts, but is full of historical truths. Schlegel,
+however, reviews it with enthusiasm. He calls his "Life in Algiers" a
+comedy, but undoubtedly it is a true picture of his own captivity. We
+are touched and filled with gloom at its perusal, and only remember it
+as a tragedy. These two dramas were lost sight of till the end of the
+eighteenth century, and they are superior to later dramatic efforts. He
+was proud of his original conception of a tragedy composed of ideal and
+allegorical characters which he permitted to have part in the "Life in
+Algiers," as well as in "Numancia." Of the thirty plays spoken of as
+given to the stage but few now remain; but others may yet be found. The
+Spaniards say the faults of a great writer are not left in the
+ink-stand. Spain, in Cervantes' day, had passed the chivalric age,
+though many relics of it still remained in its legends, songs, and
+proverbs. Cervantes becomes his own critic in his "Supplement to a
+Journey to Parnassus," and speaking of his dramas, says: "I should
+declare them worthy the favor they have received were they not my own."
+Unfortunately, his comedy of "La Confusa" is among the lost ones. He
+alludes to it as a good one among the best.
+
+We have known Cervantes as a student, a soldier, a captive, and an
+author, and now we have to imagine our maimed and bronzed soldier-poet,
+after his many fortunes of war, in the new character of a lover. In
+thought we trace his noble features, his intelligent look and expressive
+eye, combined with his dignified bearing and thoughtful manner, and in
+so tracing we find it congenial to imagine him as being well dressed and
+enveloped in the ample Spanish cloak thrown gracefully over his breast
+and left shoulder, concealing the poor mutilated arm, and at the same
+time making it all the more difficult to believe that the right one had
+ever wielded a "Toledo blade" or sworn that very strongest vow of
+loyalty, "A fe de Rodrigo."[1]
+
+We find him much interested in the quaint old-fashioned town of
+Esquivias, making many friends therein, and sometimes gossiping with the
+host of the _fonda_, so famed for the generous wines of Esquivias that
+it needed no "bush;" and while enjoying his cigarito and taking an
+occasional morsel from the dish of _quisado_ before him, he is learning
+from the same gossiping host many items of interest about the very
+illustrious families of Esquivias,--for it was famed for its chivalrous
+prowess and its "claims of long descent." He had commenced his
+"Galatea," and in it he was painting living portraits, and with great
+delicacy he was, as the shepherd Elicio, portraying his passion for
+Catalina, the daughter of Fernando de Salazar ý Voxmediano and Catalina
+de Palacios, both of illustrious families. Her father was dead, and she
+had been educated by her uncle, Francisco de Salazar, who left her a
+legacy in his will.
+
+The fair Catalina, like other Spanish señoritas, was under the espionage
+of a strict dueña, and his opportunities of seeing her were very
+limited. Sometimes we fancy him awaiting the passing of the hour of the
+siesta and knocking at the grating of the heavy door of the house of the
+Salazars, and in reply to the porter's question of _Quien es_?
+answering, in his melodious tones, _Gente de paz_ (literally, "a
+friend"),--a precaution which still continues in Spain. Meanwhile, his
+romance of "Galatea" and of his own life are both growing. The occasion
+inspires him. He is still in Esquivias, wandering through the olive
+groves and by the river side, sometimes resting, and drinking in the
+fragrance from an orange-tree while his untold wealth of brain was
+seeking for its exit. Sometimes he had Catalina for a companion, the
+dueña lingering slightly behind. Sometimes he saw her at the church like
+a fair saint, kneeling; but oftener he wandered alone with his now happy
+thoughts, scarce knowing that the night was closing about him, or scarce
+heeding the watchman who cried, "All hail, Mary, mother of Jesus! half
+past twelve o'clock and a cloudy morning!" and thus, to this day, are
+the Spaniards warned of the hour and the weather. His "Galatea" remains
+unfinished. He had not meant that all this song should be for the public
+ear. The end was for his love alone!
+
+On the 12th of December, 1584, he was married to Catalina. Not many
+years ago, the marriage contract was found in the public registry of
+Esquivias. It contains an inventory of the marriage-dowry promised by
+the bride's mother, of "lands, furniture, utensils, and live-stock."
+Then follows the details, "several vineyards, amounting to twelve acres,
+beds, chairs, brooms, brushes, poultry, and sundry sacks of flour." It
+is spoken of as a very respectable dowry at a time when sacks of wheat
+were worth eight reals. Then follows, in the same document, his own
+settlement upon his wife, which is stated to be one hundred ducats. By
+the custom of the time that was one-tenth of his whole property, or to
+quote again, which "must have amounted to a thousand ducats, which at
+present would be equivalent to about four hundred and fifty pounds
+sterling." Gladly would we find some pleasant items of happy home life,
+though, for the next four years, he lived quietly at Esquivias, and
+cared for the vineyards like any landholder, till, perhaps, he tired and
+went on to Seville, where he took up some mercantile business, though
+never entirely giving up the pen; but from 1598 till 1605, there are no
+real traces of him, when it would appear that he had removed to
+Valladolid.
+
+There is little doubt but that he suffered both in purse and feeling
+from want of appreciation; but the Spanish proverb says, "An author's
+work who looks to money is the coat of a tailor who works late on the
+vespers of Easter Sunday." He had too noble a mind to harbor so mean a
+sentiment as jealousy, and was far in advance of his age. His
+countrymen, with characteristic indolence, were ready to cry, _manaña,
+manaña_ (to-morrow, to-morrow), and so it was left for later generations
+to honor his memory, for his power of invention and purity of
+imagination can never be rivalled. While acting as clerk in Seville to
+Antonio de Guevara, the Commissary-General to the Indian and American
+dependencies, he must have been sadly disappointed, particularly as,
+during that time, he had been unjustly thrown into prison on the plea of
+not accounting for trust-money with satisfaction. Mr. Ticknor gives the
+following interesting account: "During his residence at Seville,
+Cervantes made an ineffectual application to the king for an appointment
+in America, setting forth by the exact documents a general account of
+his adventures, services, and sufferings while a soldier in the Levant,
+and of the miseries of his life while a slave in Algiers; but no other
+than a formal answer seems to have been returned to his application, and
+the whole affair leaves us to infer the severity of that distress which
+could induce him to seek relief in exile to a colony of which he has
+elsewhere spoken as the great resort for rogues." The appointment he
+desired was either corregidor (or mayor) of the city of Paz or the
+auditorship of New Grenada, the governorship of the province of
+Socunusco or that of the galleys of Carthagena. His removal to
+Valladolid seems to have been by command of the revenue authorities,
+where he still collected taxes for public and private persons. While
+collecting for the prior of the order of St. John, he was again
+ill-treated and thrown into prison.
+
+Not till he was fifty-eight years old did he give to the world his
+master-piece, and thus immortalizes La Mancha, in return for his
+inhospitable and cruel treatment. "Don Quixote" was licensed at
+Valladolid in 1604, and printed at Madrid in 1605. Its success was so
+great that, during his lifetime, thirty thousand volumes were printed,
+which in that day was little short of marvellous. Four editions were
+published the first year, two at Madrid, one at Valencia, and one at
+Lisbon. Byron says: "Cervantes laugh'd Spain's chivalry away!" So
+popular was it, that a spurious second part, under the fictitious
+authorship of Avellanada was published. Cervantes was furious, and
+called him a blockhead; but Germond de Lavigue, the distinguished
+Spanish scholar, rashly asserts that but for this Avellanada, he would
+never have finished "Don Quixote." Even before it was printed, jealousy
+evidently existed in the hearts of rival writers, for in one of Lope's
+letters he refers to it, and spitefully hints that no poet could be
+found to write commendatory verses on it.
+
+He recognized the fact of universal selfishness when he makes Sancho
+Panza refuse to learn the Don's love-letter and say, "Write it, your
+worship, for it's sheer nonsense to trust anything to my memory."
+
+Spain is so full of rich material for romance that from it his mature
+mind seemed to inaugurate a new age in Spanish literature. After the
+gloomy intolerance of Philip II., the advent of Philip III. added much
+to the literary freedom of Spain, which still belonged to the "Age of
+Chivalry," and to this day the true Spaniard nourishes the lofty and
+romantic qualities which, combined with a tone of sentiment and gravity
+and nobility of conversation, embellishes the legitimate grandee.
+Sismondi de Sismondi says the style of "Don Quixote" is inimitable.
+Montesquieu says: "It is written to prove all others useless." To some
+it is an allegory, to some a tragedy, to some a parable, and to others a
+satire. As a satirist we think him unrivalled, and this spirit found a
+choice opportunity for vent when the troops of Don Carlos I. marched
+upon Rome, taking Pope Clement VII. prisoner, while at the same time the
+king was having prayers said in the churches of Madrid for the
+deliverance of the Pope, on the plea that "he was obliged to make war
+against the _temporal_ sovereign of Rome, but not upon the spiritual
+head of the Church!" No wonder the king, after proving himself so good a
+Catholic, should end his days in a monastery, or that he should mortify
+himself by lying in a coffin, wrapped in a shroud, while funeral
+services were performed over him. What, again, could have appealed more
+to his sense of the ridiculous than the contest between the priests and
+the authorities over the funeral obsequies of Philip II., so intolerant
+a tyrant that he caused every Spaniard to breathe more freely as he
+ceased so to do. He used his people as
+
+  "Broken tools, that tyrants cast away
+   By myriads, when they dare to pave their way
+   With human hearts."
+
+
+We can easily believe in the greater freedom during the reign of Philip
+III. "Viva el Rey."
+
+The Count de Lemos was his near friend and protector when he brought out
+the second part of "Don Quixote," and ridiculed his rival imitator. He
+was a pioneer of so elevated a character as to preclude the possibility
+of followers. Every one is familiar with it as a story, and the mishaps
+of the gentle, noble-minded, kind-hearted old Don, as well as the
+delusions, simplicity, and selfishness of the devoted squire, will never
+lose their power to amuse. It may be extravagant, but it is not a
+burlesque. The strong character painting, the ideas, situations, and
+language, clothed in such simplicity that at times it becomes almost
+solemn, give it a grandeur that no other book, considered as a romance,
+possesses. The old anecdote of the king observing a student walking by
+the river side and bursting into involuntary fits of laughter over a
+book, exclaiming, "The man is either mad or reading 'Don Quixote,'" is
+well preserved. One peculiar feature of the book is that, even now, for
+some places, it would be a useful guide, many of the habits and customs
+of Spain three hundred years ago being still the same. What a volume of
+wit and wisdom is contained in the proverbs and aphorisms. One might
+quote from it indefinitely had he not told us that "without discretion
+there is no wit." His own motive in writing it we find in the last
+paragraph of the book, namely, "My sole object has been to expose to the
+contempt they deserved the extravagant and silly tricks of chivalry,
+which this my true and genuine 'Don Quixote' has nearly accomplished,
+their worldly credit being now actually tottering, and will doubtless
+soon sink, never to rise again."
+
+Now, all languages have it. There are eight translations into English
+alone; but it is always impossible for the translator to render its true
+spirit or to give it full justice. With all its vivacity and drollery,
+its delicate satire and keen ridicule, it has a mournful tinge of
+melancholy running through, and here and there peeping out, only to have
+been gathered from such experience as his. He wrote with neither
+bitterness nor a diseased imagination, always realizing what is due to
+himself and with a full appreciation of and desire for fame. Many scenes
+of real suffering appear under a dramatic guise, and here and there
+creep out bits of personal history. His nature was chivalrous in the
+highest degree. His sorrows were greater than his joys. Born for the
+library, he prefers the camp, and abandons literature to fight the
+Turks. Does he not make the Don say, "Let none presume to tell me the
+pen is preferable to the sword." Again he says: "Allowing that the end
+of war is peace, and that in this it exceeds the end of learning, let us
+weigh the bodily labors the scholar undergoes against those the warrior
+suffers, and then see which are the greatest." Then he enumerates:
+"First, poverty; and having said he endures poverty, methinks nothing
+more need be urged to express his misery, for he that is poor enjoys no
+happiness, but labors under this poverty in all its guises, at one time
+in hunger, at another in cold, another in nakedness, and sometimes in
+all of them together." Later on he makes him say: "It gives me some
+concern to think that powder and lead may suddenly cut short my career
+of glory."
+
+The world can only be grateful that "his career of glory" did not end in
+the military advancement he had the right to expect. Had he been a
+general, his Rozinante might still have been wandering without a name,
+and Sancho Panza have died a common laborer. Again he says: "Would to
+God I could find a place to serve as a private tomb for this wearisome
+burden of life which I bear so much against my inclination." Surviving
+almost unheard-of grievances only to emerge from them with greater
+power; depicting in his works true outlines of his own adventures,
+sometimes by a proverb, often by a romance, he never loses one jot of
+his pride, giving golden advice to Sancho when a governor, and finishing
+with the expression, "So may'st thou escape the PITY of the world." In
+May, 1605, he was called upon as a witness in a case of a man who was
+mortally wounded and dragged at night into his apartment, which almost
+accidentally gives us his household, consisting of his wife; his natural
+daughter Isabel, twenty years of age, unmarried; his sister, a widow,
+above fifty years; her unmarried daughter, aged twenty-eight; his
+half-sister, a religieuse; and a maid-servant. His "Española Inglesa"
+appeared in 1611. His moral tales, the pioneers in Spanish literature,
+are a combination without special plan of serious and comic, romance and
+anecdote, evidently giving, under the guise of fiction, poetically
+colored bits of his own experience in Italy and Africa. In his story of
+"La Gitanilla" (the gipsy girl) may be found the argument of Weber's
+opera of "Preciosa." "Parnassus" was written two years before his death,
+after which he wrote eight comedies and a sequel to his twelve moral
+tales. In his story of "Rinconete ý Cortadilla" he evidently derives the
+names from _rincon_ (a corner) and _cortar_ (to cut). His last work was
+"Persiles and Sigismunda," the preface of which is a near presentiment
+of his closing labors. He says: "Farewell, gayety; farewell, humor;
+farewell, my pleasant friends. I must now die, and I desire nothing
+more than to soon see you again happy in another world." His industry
+was wonderful. We can but have a grateful feeling towards the Count de
+Lemos for adding to his physical comfort for the last few years, and
+feel a regret that the Count, who had lingered in Naples, could not have
+arrived in time to see him once more when he so ardently desired it. In
+a dedication to the Count of his final romance, written only four days
+before his death, he very touchingly says: "I could have wished not to
+have been obliged to make so close a personal application of the old
+verses commencing 'With the foot already in the stirrup,' for with very
+little alteration I may truly say that with my foot in the stirrup,
+feeling this moment the pains of dissolution, I address this letter to
+you. Yesterday I received extreme unction. To-day I have resumed my pen.
+Time is short, my pains increase, my hopes diminish, yet I do wish my
+life might be prolonged till I could see you again in Spain." His wish
+was not to be gratified; the Count, unaware of the near danger of his
+friend, only returned to find himself overwhelmed with grief at his
+loss.
+
+After sixty-nine years of varied fortunes and many struggles, Miguel de
+Cervantes Saavedra breathed his last, unsoothed by the hands he had
+loved, for even this privilege seems to have been denied to him. At the
+near end of his life he had joined the kindly third order of the
+Franciscan friars, and the brethren cared for him at the last. His
+remarkable clearness of intellect never failed him, and on April 23,
+1616, the very day that Shakspeare died at Stratford, Cervantes died at
+Madrid. Unlike the great English contemporary, whose undisturbed bones
+have lain quietly under peril of his malediction, the bones of the great
+Spanish poet were irrevocably lost when the old Convent of the Trinity,
+in the Calle del Humilladero, was destroyed. Ungrateful Spain! the spot
+had never been marked with a common tombstone.
+
+The old house[2] in the Calle de Francos, where he died, was so
+dilapidated that, in 1835, it was destroyed. It was rebuilt, and a
+marble bust of Cervantes was placed over the entrance by the sculptor,
+Antonio Sola.
+
+The "Madrid Epoca," under the heading of "The Prison of Cervantes,"
+calls attention to the alarming state of decay of the house in
+Argamasilla del Alba, in the cellar of which, as an extemporized
+dungeon, tradition asserts that Cervantes was imprisoned, and where he
+penned at least a portion of his work. It was in this cellar that, a few
+years since, the Madrid publishing house of Rivadeneyra erected a press
+and printed their edition _de luxe_ of "Don Quijote." The house was,
+some years since, purchased by the late Infante Don Sebastian, with a
+view to a complete and careful restoration; but political changes and
+his death prevented a realization of his project. The "Epoca" now calls
+public attention to the state of decay of the house, with a view to an
+immediate restoration.
+
+In the Plaza de las Cortes, the city of Madrid has placed a beautiful
+bronze statue of Cervantes upon a square pedestal of granite. Upon the
+sides are bas-reliefs representing subjects taken from "Don Quijote de
+la Mancha."
+
+The present time honors his memory; and for all time he will live in the
+hearts of all true lovers of genius.
+
+REQUIESCAT IN PACE.
+
+EMMA THOMPSON.
+
+[Illustration: SANCHO PANZA.]
+
+
+
+
+WIT AND WISDOM
+
+OF
+
+DON QUIXOTE.
+
+
+Down in a village of La Mancha, the name of which I have no desire to
+recollect, there lived, not long ago, one of those gentlemen who usually
+keep a lance upon a rack, an old buckler, a lean horse, and a coursing
+grayhound. Soup, composed of somewhat more mutton than beef, the
+fragments served up cold on most nights, lentils on Fridays, collops and
+eggs on Saturdays, and a pigeon by way of addition on Sundays, consumed
+three-fourths of his income; the remainder of it supplied him with a
+cloak of fine cloth, velvet breeches, with slippers of the same for
+holidays, and a suit of the best homespun, in which he adorned himself
+on week-days. His family consisted of a housekeeper above forty, a niece
+not quite twenty, and a lad who served him both in the field and at
+home, who could saddle the horse or handle the pruning-hook. The age of
+our gentleman bordered upon fifty years: he was of a strong
+constitution, spare-bodied, of a meagre visage, a very early riser, and
+a lover of the chase. Some pretend to say that his surname was Quixada
+or Quesada, for on this point his historians differ; though, from very
+probable conjectures, we may conclude that his name was Quixana. This
+is, however, of little importance to our history; let it suffice that,
+in relating it, we do not swerve a jot from the truth.
+
+In fine, his judgment being completely obscured, he was seized with one
+of the strangest fancies that ever entered the head of any madman; this
+was, a belief that it behooved him, as well for the advancement of his
+glory as the service of his country, to become a knight-errant, and
+traverse the world, armed and mounted, in quest of adventures, and to
+practice all that had been performed by knights-errant of whom he had
+read; redressing every species of grievance, and exposing himself to
+dangers, which, being surmounted, might secure to him eternal glory and
+renown. The poor gentleman imagined himself at least crowned Emperor of
+Trebisond, by the valor of his arm; and thus wrapped in these agreeable
+delusions and borne away by the extraordinary pleasure he found in them,
+he hastened to put his designs into execution.
+
+The first thing he did was to scour up some rusty armor which had been
+his great-grandfather's, and had lain many years neglected in a corner.
+This he cleaned and adjusted as well as he could; but he found one grand
+defect,--the helmet was incomplete, having only the morion. This
+deficiency, however, he ingeniously supplied by making a kind of visor
+of pasteboard, which, being fixed to the morion, gave the appearance of
+an entire helmet. It is true, indeed, that, in order to prove its
+strength, he drew his sword, and gave it two strokes, the first of which
+instantly demolished the labor of a week; but not altogether approving
+of the facility with which it was destroyed, and in order to secure
+himself against a similar misfortune, he made another visor, which,
+having fenced in the inside with small bars of iron, he felt assured of
+its strength, and, without making any more experiments, held it to be a
+most excellent helmet.
+
+In the next place he visited his steed; and although this animal had
+more blemishes than the horse of Gonela, which, "_tantum pellis et ossa
+fuit_," yet, in his eyes, neither the Bucephalus of Alexander nor the
+Cid's Babieca, could be compared with him. Four days was he deliberating
+upon what name he should give him; for, as he said to himself, it would
+be very improper that a horse so excellent, appertaining to a knight so
+famous, should be without an appropriate name; he therefore endeavored
+to find one that should express what he had been before he belonged to a
+knight-errant, and also what he now was: nothing could, indeed, be more
+reasonable than that, when the master changed his state, the horse
+should likewise change his name and assume one pompous and
+high-sounding, as became the new order he now professed. So, after
+having devised, altered, lengthened, curtailed, rejected, and again
+framed in his imagination a variety of names, he finally determined upon
+Rozinante, a name in his opinion lofty, sonorous, and full of meaning;
+importing that he had only been a rozin--a drudge horse--before his
+present condition, and that now he was before all the rozins in the
+world.
+
+Having given his horse a name so much to his satisfaction, he resolved
+to fix upon one for himself. This consideration employed him eight more
+days, when at length he determined to call himself Don Quixote; whence
+some of the historians of this most true history have concluded that his
+name was certainly Quixada, and not Quesada, as others would have it.
+Then recollecting that the valorous Amadis, not content with the simple
+appellation of Amadis, added thereto the name of his kingdom and native
+country, in order to render it famous, styling himself Amadis de Gaul;
+so he, like a good knight, also added the name of his province, and
+called himself Don Quixote de la Mancha; whereby, in his opinion, he
+fully proclaimed his lineage and country, which, at the same time, he
+honored by taking its name.
+
+His armor being now furbished, his helmet made perfect, his horse and
+himself provided with names, he found nothing wanting but a lady to be
+in love with, as he said,--
+
+"A knight-errant without a mistress was a tree without either fruit or
+leaves, and a body without a soul!"
+
+One morning before day, being one of the most sultry in the month of
+July, he armed himself cap-a-pie, mounted Rozinante, placed the helmet
+on his head, braced on his target, took his lance, and, through the
+private gate of his back yard, issued forth into the open plain, in a
+transport of joy to think he had met with no obstacles to the
+commencement of his honorable enterprise. But scarce had he found
+himself on the plain when he was assailed by a recollection so terrible
+as almost to make him abandon the undertaking; for it just then occurred
+to him that he was not yet dubbed a knight; therefore, in conformity to
+the laws of chivalry, he neither could nor ought to enter the lists
+against any of that order; and, if he had been actually dubbed he
+should, as a new knight, have worn white armor, without any device on
+his shield, until he had gained one by force of arms. These
+considerations made him irresolute whether to proceed, but frenzy
+prevailing over reason, he determined to get himself made a knight by
+the first one he should meet, like many others of whom he had read. As
+to white armor, he resolved, when he had an opportunity, to scour his
+own, so that it should be whiter than ermine. Having now composed his
+mind, he proceeded, taking whatever road his horse pleased; for therein,
+he believed, consisted the true spirit of adventure. Everything that our
+adventurer saw and conceived was, by his imagination, moulded to what he
+had read; so in his eyes the inn appeared to be a castle, with its four
+turrets, and pinnacles of shining silver, together with its drawbridge,
+deep moat, and all the appurtenances with which such castles are
+visually described. When he had advanced within a short distance of it,
+he checked Rozinante, expecting some dwarf would mount the battlements,
+to announce by sound of trumpet the arrival of a knight-errant at the
+castle; but, finding them tardy, and Rozinante impatient for the
+stable, he approached the inn-door, and there saw the two girls, who to
+him appeared to be beautiful damsels or lovely dames enjoying themselves
+before the gate of their castle.
+
+It happened that, just at this time, a swineherd collecting his hogs (I
+make no apology, for so they are called) from an adjoining stubblefield,
+blew the horn which assembles them together, and instantly Don Quixote
+was satisfied, for he imagined it was a dwarf who had given the signal
+of his arrival. With extraordinary satisfaction, therefore, he went up
+to the inn; upon which the ladies, being startled at the sight of a man
+armed in that manner, with lance and buckler, were retreating into the
+house; but Don Quixote, perceiving their alarm, raised his pasteboard
+visor, thereby partly discovering his meagre, dusty visage, and with
+gentle demeanor and placid voice, thus addressed them: "Fly not, ladies,
+nor fear any discourtesy, for it would be wholly inconsistent with the
+order of knighthood, which I profess, to offer insult to any person,
+much less to virgins of that exalted rank which your appearance
+indicates." The girls stared at him, and were endeavoring to find out
+his face, which was almost concealed by the sorry visor; but hearing
+themselves called virgins, they could not forbear laughing, and to such
+a degree that Don Quixote was displeased, and said to them: "Modesty
+well becomes beauty, and excessive laughter proceeding from slight cause
+is folly."
+
+This language, so unintelligible to the ladies, added to the uncouth
+figure of our knight, increased their laughter; consequently he grew
+more indignant, and would have proceeded further but for the timely
+appearance of the innkeeper, a very corpulent and therefore a very
+pacific man, who, upon seeing so ludicrous an object, armed, and with
+accoutrements so ill-sorted as were the bridle, lance, buckler, and
+corselet, felt disposed to join the damsels in demonstrations of mirth;
+but, in truth, apprehending some danger from a form thus strongly
+fortified, he resolved to behave with civility, and therefore said, "If,
+Sir Knight, you are seeking for a lodging, you will here find, excepting
+a bed (for there are none in this inn), everything in abundance." Don
+Quixote, perceiving the humility of the governor of the fortress,--for
+such to him appeared the innkeeper,--answered, "For me, Signor
+Castellano, anything will suffice, since arms are my ornaments, warfare
+my repose." The host thought he called him Castellano because he took
+him for a sound Castilian, whereas he was an Andalusian of the coast of
+St. Lucar, as great a thief as Cacus and not less mischievous than a
+collegian or a page; and he replied, "If so, your worship's beds must be
+hard rocks, and your sleep continual watching; and that being the case,
+you may dismount with a certainty of finding here sufficient cause for
+keeping awake the whole year, much more a single night." So saying, he
+laid hold of Don Quixote's stirrup, who alighted with much difficulty
+and pain, for he had fasted the whole of the day. He then desired the
+host to take especial care of his steed, for it was the finest creature
+ever fed; the innkeeper examined him, but thought him not so good by
+half as his master had represented him. Having led the horse to the
+stable he returned to receive the orders of his guest, whom the damsels,
+being now reconciled to him, were disarming; they had taken off the back
+and breast plates, but endeavored in vain to disengage the gorget, or
+take off the counterfeit beaver, which he had fastened with green
+ribbons in such a manner that they could not be untied, and he would
+upon no account allow them to be cut; therefore he remained all that
+night with his helmet on, the strangest and most ridiculous figure
+imaginable.
+
+While these light girls, whom he still conceived to be persons of
+quality and ladies of the castle, were disarming him, he said to them,
+with infinite grace: "Never before was knight so honored by ladies as
+Don Quixote, after his departure from his native village! damsels
+attended upon him; princesses took charge of his steed! O
+Rosinante,--for that, ladies, is the name of my horse, and Don Quixote
+de la Mancha my own; although it was not my intention to have discovered
+myself until deeds performed in your service should have proclaimed me;
+but impelled to make so just an application of that ancient romance of
+Lanzarote to my present situation, I have thus prematurely disclosed my
+name: yet the time shall come when your ladyships may command, and I
+obey; when the valor of my arm shall make manifest the desire I have to
+serve you." The girls, unaccustomed to such rhetorical flourishes, made
+no reply, but asked whether he would please to eat anything. "I shall
+willingly take some food," answered Don Quixote, "for I apprehend it
+would be of much service to me." That day happened to be Friday, and
+there was nothing in the house but some fish of that kind which in
+Castile is called Abadexo; in Andalusia, Bacallao; in some parts,
+Curadillo: and in others, Truchuela. They asked if his worship would
+like some truchuela, for they had no other fish to offer him. "If there
+be many troutlings," replied Don Quixote, "they will supply the place of
+one trout; for it is the same to me whether I receive eight single rials
+or one piece-of-eight. Moreover, these troutlings may be preferable, as
+veal is better than beef, and kid superior to goat. Be that as it may,
+let it come immediately, for the toil and weight of arms cannot be
+sustained by the body unless the interior be supplied with aliments."
+For the benefit of the cool air, they placed the table at the door of
+the inn, and the landlord produced some of his ill-soaked and
+worse-cooked bacallao, with bread as foul and black as the knight's
+armor. But it was a spectacle highly risible to see him eat; for his
+hands being engaged in holding his helmet on and raising the beaver, he
+could not feed himself, therefore one of the ladies performed that
+office for him; but to drink would have been utterly impossible had not
+the innkeeper bored a reed, and placing one end into his mouth at the
+other poured in the wine; and all this he patiently endured rather than
+cut the lacings of his helmet.
+
+
+
+
+THE PLEASANT METHOD DON QUIXOTE TOOK TO BE
+DUBBED A KNIGHT.
+
+It troubled him to reflect that he was not yet a knight, feeling
+persuaded that he could not lawfully engage in any adventure until he
+had been invested with the order of knighthood.
+
+Agitated by this idea, he abruptly finished his scanty supper, called
+the innkeeper, and, shutting himself up with him in the stable, he fell
+on his knees before him and said, "Never will I arise from this place,
+valorous knight, until your courtesy shall vouchsafe to grant a boon
+which it is my intention to request,--a boon that will redound to your
+glory and to the benefit of all mankind." The innkeeper, seeing his
+guest at his feet and hearing such language, stood confounded and stared
+at him without knowing what to do or say; he entreated him to rise, but
+in vain, until he had promised to grant the boon he requested. "I
+expected no less, signor, from your great magnificence," replied Don
+Quixote; "know, therefore, that the boon I have demanded, and which your
+liberality has conceded, is that on the morrow you will confer upon me
+the honor of knighthood. This night I will watch my arms in the chapel
+of your castle, in order that, in the morning, my earnest desire may be
+fulfilled and I may with propriety traverse the four quarters of the
+world in quest of adventures for the relief of the distressed,
+conformable to the duties of chivalry and of knights-errant, who, like
+myself, are devoted to such pursuits."
+
+The host, who, as we have said, was a shrewd fellow, and had already
+entertained some doubts respecting the wits of his guest, was now
+confirmed in his suspicions; and to make sport for the night, determined
+to follow his humor. He told him, therefore, that his desire was very
+reasonable, and that such pursuits were natural and suitable to knights
+so illustrious as he appeared to be, and as his gallant demeanor fully
+testified; that he had himself in the days of his youth followed that
+honorable profession, and travelled over various parts of the world in
+search of adventures; failing not to visit the suburbs of Malaga, the
+isles of Riaran, the compass of Seville, the market-place of Segovia,
+the olive-field of Valencia, the rondilla of Grenada, the coast of St.
+Lucar, the fountain of Cordova, the taverns of Toledo, and divers other
+parts, where he had exercised the agility of his heels and the dexterity
+of his hands; committing sundry wrongs, soliciting widows, seducing
+damsels, cheating youths,--in short, making himself known to most of the
+tribunals in Spain; and that, finally, he had retired to this castle,
+where he lived upon his revenue and that of others, entertaining therein
+all knights-errant of every quality and degree solely for the great
+affection he bore them, and that they might share their fortune with him
+in return for his good will. He further told him that in his castle
+there was no chapel wherein he could watch his armor, for it had been
+pulled down in order to be rebuilt; but that, in cases of necessity, he
+knew it might be done wherever he pleased. Therefore, he might watch it
+that night in a court of the castle, and the following morning, if it
+pleased God, the requisite ceremonies should be performed, and he should
+be dubbed so effectually that the world would not be able to produce a
+more perfect knight. He then inquired if he had any money about him. Don
+Quixote told him he had none, having never read in their histories that
+knights-errant provided themselves with money. The innkeeper assured
+him he was mistaken; for, admitting that it was not mentioned in their
+history, the authors deeming it unnecessary to specify things so
+obviously requisite as money and clean shirts, yet was it not therefore
+to be inferred that they had none; but, on the contrary, he might
+consider it as an established fact that all knights-errant, of whose
+histories so many volumes are filled, carried their purses well provided
+against accidents; that they were also supplied with shirts, and a small
+casket of ointments to heal the wounds they might receive, for in plains
+and deserts, where they fought and were wounded, no aid was near unless
+they had some sage enchanter for their friend, who could give them
+immediate assistance by conveying in cloud through the air some damsel
+or dwarf, with a phial of water possessed of such virtue that, upon
+tasting a single drop of it, they should instantly become as sound as if
+they had received no injury. But when the knights of former times were
+without such a friend, they always took care that their esquires should
+be provided with money and such necessary articles as lint and salves;
+and when they had no esquires--which very rarely happened--they carried
+these things themselves upon the crupper of their horse, in wallets so
+small as to be scarcely visible, that they might seem to be something of
+more importance; for, except in such cases, the custom of carrying
+wallets was not tolerated among knights-errant. He therefore advised,
+though, as his godson (which he was soon to be), he might command him,
+never henceforth to travel without money and the aforesaid provisions,
+and he would find them serviceable when he least expected it. Don
+Quixote promised to follow his advice with punctuality: and an order was
+now given for performing the watch of the armor in a large yard
+adjoining the inn. Don Quixote, having collected it together placed it
+on a cistern which was close to a well; then, bracing on his target and
+grasping his lance, with graceful demeanor he paced to and fro before
+the pile, beginning his parade as soon as it was dark.
+
+The innkeeper informed all who were in the inn of the frenzy of his
+guest, the watching of his armor, and of the intended knighting.
+
+The host repeated to him that there was no chapel in the castle, nor was
+it by any means necessary for what remained to be done; that the stroke
+of knighting consisted in blows on the neck and shoulders, according to
+the ceremonial of the order, which might be effectually performed in the
+middle of the field; that the duty of watching his armor he had now
+completely fulfilled, for he had watched more than four hours, though
+only two were required. All this Don Quixote believed, and said that he
+was there ready to obey him, requesting him, at the same time, to
+perform the deed as soon as possible; because, should he be assaulted
+again when he found himself knighted, he was resolved not to leave one
+person alive in the castle, excepting those whom, out of respect to him,
+and at his particular request, he might be induced to spare. The
+constable, thus warned and alarmed, immediately brought forth a book in
+which he kept his account of the straw and oats he furnished to the
+carriers, and attended by a boy, who carried an end of candle, and the
+two damsels before mentioned, went towards Don Quixote, whom he
+commanded to kneel down; he then began reading in his manual, as if it
+were some devout prayer, in the course of which he raised his hand and
+gave him a good blow on the neck, and, after that, a handsome stroke
+over the shoulders, with his own sword, still muttering between his
+teeth, as if in prayer. This being done, he commanded one of the ladies
+to gird on his sword, an office she performed with much alacrity, as
+well as discretion, no small portion of which was necessary to avoid
+bursting with laughter at every part of the ceremony; but indeed the
+prowess they had seen displayed by the new knight kept their mirth
+within bounds.
+
+At girding on the sword, the good lady said: "God grant you may be a
+fortunate knight and successful in battle."
+
+Don Quixote inquired her name, that he might thenceforward know to whom
+he was indebted for the favor received, as it was his intention to
+bestow upon her some share of the honor he should acquire by the valor
+of his arm. She replied, with much humility, that her name was Tolosa,
+and that she was the daughter of a cobbler at Toledo, who lived at the
+stalls of Sanchobienaya; and that, wherever she was, she would serve and
+honor him as her lord. Don Quixote, in reply, requested her, for his
+sake, to do him the favor henceforth to add to her name the title of
+don, and call herself Donna Tolosa, which she promised to do. The other
+girl now buckled on his spur, and with her he held nearly the same
+conference as with the lady of the sword; having inquired her name, she
+told him it was Molinera, and that she was daughter to an honest miller
+of Antiquera: he then requested her likewise to assume the don, and
+style herself Donna Molinera, renewing his proffers of service and
+thanks.
+
+These never-till-then-seen ceremonies being thus speedily performed, Don
+Quixote was impatient to find himself on horseback, in quest of
+adventures. He therefore instantly saddled Rozinante, mounted him, and,
+embracing his host, made his acknowledgments for the favor he had
+conferred by knighting him, in terms so extraordinary, that it would be
+in vain to attempt to repeat them. The host, in order to get rid of him
+the sooner, replied, with no less flourish, but more brevity; and,
+without making any demand for his lodging, wished him a good journey.
+
+  The tongue slow and the eyes quick.
+
+  Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
+
+  The brave man carves out his own fortune.
+
+Very full of pain, yet soon as he was able to stir, he began to roll
+himself on the ground, and to repeat, in what they affirm was said by
+the wounded knight of the wood:--
+
+  "Where art thou, mistress of my heart,
+      Unconscious of thy lover's smart?
+   Ah me! thou know'st not my distress,
+      Or thou art false and pitiless."
+
+"I know who I am," answered Don Quixote; "and I know, too, that I am not
+only capable of being those I have mentioned, but all the twelve peers
+of France, yea, and the nine worthies, since my exploits will far exceed
+all that they have jointly or separately achieved."
+
+
+
+
+DESTRUCTION OF DON QUIXOTE'S LIBRARY.
+
+Long and heavy was the sleep of Don Quixote: meanwhile the priest having
+asked the niece for the key of the chamber containing the books, those
+authors of the mischief, which she delivered with a very good will, they
+entered, attended by the housekeeper, and found above a hundred large
+volumes well bound, besides a great number of smaller size. No sooner
+did the housekeeper see them than she ran out of the room in great
+haste, and immediately returned with a pot of holy water and a bunch of
+hyssop, saying: "Signor Licentiate, take this and sprinkle the room,
+lest some enchanter of the many that these books abound with should
+enchant us, as a punishment for our intention to banish them out of the
+world."
+
+The priest smiled at the housekeeper's simplicity, and ordered the
+barber to reach him the books one by one, that they might see what they
+treated of, as they might perhaps find some that deserved not to be
+chastised by fire.
+
+"No," said the niece, "there is no reason why any of them should be
+spared, for they have all been mischief-makers: so let them all be
+thrown out of the window into the courtyard; and having made a pile of
+them, set fire to it; or else make a bonfire of them in the back yard,
+where the smoke will offend nobody."
+
+The housekeeper said the same, so eagerly did they both thirst for the
+death of those innocents. But the priest would not consent to it without
+first reading the titles at least.
+
+The first that Master Nicholas put into his hands was "Amadis de Gaul,"
+in four parts; and the priest said: "There seems to be some mystery in
+this, for I have heard say that this was the first book of chivalry
+printed in Spain, and that all the rest had their foundation and rise
+from it; I think, therefore, as head of so pernicious a sect, we ought
+to condemn him to the fire without mercy."
+
+"Not so," said the barber; "for I have heard also that it is the best of
+all the books of this kind: therefore, as being unequalled in its way,
+it ought to be spared."
+
+"You are right," said the priest, "and for that reason its life is
+granted for the present. Let us see that other next to him."
+
+"It is," said the barber, "the 'Adventures of Esplandian,' the
+legitimate son of 'Amadis de Gaul.'"
+
+"Verily," said the priest, "the goodness of the father shall avail the
+son nothing; take him, Mistress Housekeeper; open that casement, and
+throw him into the yard, and let him make a beginning to the pile for
+the intended bonfire."
+
+The housekeeper did so with much satisfaction, and good Esplandian was
+sent flying into the yard, there to wait with patience for the fire with
+which he was threatened.
+
+"Proceed," said the priest.
+
+"The next," said the barber, "is 'Amadis of Greece;' yea, and all these
+on this side, I believe, are of the lineage of Amadis."
+
+"Then into the yard with them all!" quoth the priest; "for rather than
+not burn Queen Pintiquiniestra, and the shepherd Darinel with his
+eclogues, and the devilish perplexities of the author, I would burn the
+father who begot me, were I to meet him in the shape of a
+knight-errant."
+
+"Of the same opinion am I," said the barber.
+
+"And I too," added the niece.
+
+"Well, then," said the housekeeper, "away with them all into the yard."
+They handed them to her; and, as they were numerous, to save herself the
+trouble of the stairs, she threw them all out of the window.
+
+"What tun of an author is that?" said the priest.
+
+"This," answered the barber, "is 'Don Olivante de Laura.'"
+
+"The author of that book," said the priest, "was the same who composed
+the 'Garden of Flowers;' and in good truth I know not which of the two
+books is the truest, or rather, the least lying: I can only say that
+this goes to the yard for its arrogance and absurdity."
+
+"This that follows is 'Florismarte of Hyrcania,'" said the barber.
+
+"What! is Signor Florismarte there?" replied the priest; "now, by my
+faith, he shall soon make his appearance in the yard, notwithstanding
+his strange birth and chimerical adventures; for the harshness and
+dryness of his style will admit of no excuse. To the yard with him, and
+this other, Mistress Housekeeper.
+
+"With all my heart, dear sir," answered she, and with much joy executed
+what she was commanded.
+
+"Here is the 'Knight Platir,'" said the barber.
+
+"That," said the priest, "is an ancient book, and I find nothing in him
+deserving pardon: without more words, let him be sent after the rest;"
+which was accordingly done. They opened another book, and found it
+entitled the "Knight of the Cross." "So religious a title," quoth the
+priest, "might, one would think, atone for the ignorance of the author;
+but it is a common saying 'the devil lurks behind the cross:' so to the
+fire with him."
+
+The barber, taking down another book, said, "This is 'The Mirror of
+Chivalry.'"
+
+"Oh! I know his worship very well," quoth the priest. "I am only for
+condemning this to perpetual banishment because it contains some things
+of the famous Mateo Boyardo.
+
+"If I find him here uttering any other language than his own, I will
+show no respect; but if he speaks in his own tongue, I will put him upon
+my head."
+
+"I have him in Italian," said the barber, "but I do not understand him."
+
+"Neither is it any great matter, whether you understand him or not,"
+answered the priest; "and we would willingly have excused the good
+captain from bringing him into Spain and making him a Castilian; for he
+has deprived him of a great deal of his native value; which, indeed, is
+the misfortune of all those who undertake the translation of poetry into
+other languages; for, with all their care and skill, they can never
+bring them on a level with the original production. This book, neighbor,
+is estimable upon two accounts; the one, that it is very good of itself;
+and the other, because there is a tradition that it was written by an
+ingenious king of Portugal. All the adventures of the castle of
+Miraguarda are excellent, and contrived with much art; the dialogue
+courtly and clear; and all the characters preserved with great judgment
+and propriety. Therefore, Master Nicholas, saving your better judgment,
+let this and 'Amadis de Gaul' be exempted from the fire, and let all the
+rest perish without any further inquiry."
+
+"Not so, friend," replied the barber; "for this which I have here is the
+renowned 'Don Bellianis.'"
+
+The priest replied: "This, and the second, third, and fourth parts, want
+a little rhubarb to purge away their excess of bile; besides, we must
+remove all that relates to the castle of Fame, and other absurdities of
+greater consequence; for which let sentence of transportation be passed
+upon them, and, according as they show signs of amendment, they shall be
+treated with mercy or justice. In the mean time, neighbor, give them
+room in your house; but let them not be read."
+
+"With all my heart," quoth the barber; and without tiring himself any
+farther in turning over books of chivalry, bid the housekeeper take all
+the great ones and throw them into the yard. This was not spoken to the
+stupid or deaf, but to one who had a greater mind to be burning them
+than weaving the finest and largest web; and therefore, laying hold of
+seven or eight at once, she tossed them out at the window.
+
+But, in taking so many together, one fell at the barber's feet, who had
+a mind to see what it was, and found it to be the history of the
+renowned knight Tirante the White. "Heaven save me!" quoth the priest,
+with a loud voice, "is Tirante the White there? Give him to me,
+neighbor; for in him I shall have a treasure of delight, and a mine of
+entertainment. Here we have Don Kyrie-Eleison of Montalvan, a valorous
+knight, and his brother Thomas of Montalvan, with the knight Fonseca,
+and the combat which the valiant Tirante fought with the bull-dog, and
+the witticisms of the damsel Plazerdemivida; also the amours and
+artifices of the widow Reposada; and madam the Empress in love with her
+squire Hypolito. Verily, neighbor, in its way it is the best book in the
+world: here the knights eat and sleep, and die in their beds, and make
+their wills before their deaths; with several things which are not to be
+found in any other books of this kind. Notwithstanding this I tell you,
+the author deserved, for writing so many foolish things seriously, to be
+sent to the galleys for the whole of his life: carry it home, and read
+it, and you will find all I say of him to be true."
+
+"I will do so," answered the barber: "but what shall we do with these
+small volumes that remain?"
+
+"Those," said the priest, "are, probably, not books of chivalry, but of
+poetry." Then opening one he found it was the 'Diana' of George de
+Montemayor, and, concluding that all the others were of the same kind,
+he said, "These do not deserve to be burnt like the rest; for they
+cannot do the mischief that those of chivalry have done; they are works
+of genius and fancy, and do injury to none."
+
+"O sir," said the niece, "pray order them to be burnt with the rest; for
+should my uncle be cured of this distemper of chivalry, he may possibly,
+by reading such books, take it into his head to turn shepherd, and
+wander through the woods and fields, singing and playing on a pipe; and
+what would be still worse, turn poet, which, they say, is an incurable
+and contagious disease."
+
+"The damsel says true," quoth the priest, "and it will not be amiss to
+remove this stumbling-block out of our friend's way. And, since we begin
+with the 'Diana' of Montemayor, my opinion is that it should not be
+burnt, but that all that part should be expunged which treats of the
+sage Felicia, and of the enchanted fountain, and also most of the longer
+poems; leaving him, in God's name, the prose and also the honor of being
+the first in that kind of writing."
+
+"The next that appears," said the barber, "is the Diana, called the
+second, by Salmantino; and another, of the same name, whose author is
+Gil Polo."
+
+"The Salmantinian," answered the priest, "may accompany and increase the
+number of the condemned--to the yard with him: but let that of Gil Polo
+be preserved, as if it were written by Apollo himself. Proceed, friend,
+and let us despatch; for it grows late."
+
+"This," said the barber, opening another, "is the 'Ten Books of the
+Fortune of Love,' composed by Antonio de lo Frasso, a Sardinian poet."
+
+"By the holy orders I have received!" said the priest, "since Apollo was
+Apollo, the muses muses, and the poets poets, so humorous and so
+whimsical a book as this was never written; it is the best, and most
+extraordinary of the kind that ever appeared in the world; and he who
+has not read it may be assured that he has never read anything of taste:
+give it me here, neighbor, for I am better pleased at finding it than if
+I had been presented with a cassock of Florence satin." He laid it
+aside, with great satisfaction, and the barber proceeded, saying:--
+
+"These which follow are the 'Shepherd of Iberia,' the 'Nymphs of
+Enares,' and the 'Cure of Jealousy.'"
+
+"Then you have only to deliver them up to the secular arm of the
+housekeeper," said the priest, "and ask me not why, for in that case we
+should never have done."
+
+"The next is the 'Shepherd of Filida.'"
+
+"He is no shepherd," said the priest, "but an ingenious courtier; let
+him be preserved, and laid up as a precious jewel."
+
+"This bulky volume here," said the barber, "is entitled the 'Treasure of
+Divers Poems.'"
+
+"Had they been fewer," replied the priest, "they would have been more
+esteemed: it is necessary that this book should be weeded and cleared of
+some low things interspersed amongst its sublimities: let it be
+preserved, both because the author is my friend, and out of respect to
+other more heroic and exalted productions of his pen."
+
+"This," pursued the barber, "is 'El Cancionero' of Lopez Maldonado."
+
+"The author of that book," replied the priest, "is also a great friend
+of mine: his verses, when sung by himself, excite much admiration;
+indeed such is the sweetness of his voice in singing them, that they are
+perfectly enchanting. He is a little too prolix in his eclogues; but
+there can never be too much of what is really good: let it be preserved
+with the select. But what book is that next to it?"
+
+"The 'Galatea' of Miguel de Cervantes," said the barber.
+
+"That Cervantes has been an intimate friend of mine these many years,
+and I know that he is more versed in misfortunes than in poetry. There
+is a good vein of invention in his book, which proposes something,
+though nothing is concluded. We must wait for the second part, which he
+has promised: perhaps, on his amendment, he may obtain that entire
+pardon which is now denied him; in the mean time, neighbor, keep him a
+recluse in your chamber."
+
+"With all my heart," answered the barber. "Now, here come three
+together: the 'Araucana' of Don Alonzo de Ercilla, the 'Austriada' of
+Juan Rufo, a magistrate of Cordova, and the 'Monserrato' of Christoval
+de Virves, a poet of Valencia."
+
+"These three books," said the priest, "are the best that are written in
+heroic verse in the Castilian tongue, and may stand in competition with
+the most renowned works of Italy. Let them be preserved as the best
+productions of the Spanish Muse."
+
+The priest grew tired of looking over so many books, and therefore,
+without examination, proposed that all the rest should be burnt; but
+the barber, having already opened one called the "Tears of Angelica," "I
+should have shed tears myself," said the priest, on hearing the name,
+"had I ordered that book to be burnt; for its author was one of the most
+celebrated poets, not only of Spain, but of the whole world: his
+translations from Ovid are admirable."
+
+The same night the housekeeper set fire to and burnt all the books that
+were in the yard and in the house. Some must have perished that deserved
+to be treasured up in perpetual archives, but their destiny or the
+indolence of the scrutineer forbade it; and in them was fulfilled the
+saying, that--
+
+  "The just sometimes suffer for the unjust."
+
+In the mean time Don Quixote tampered with a laborer, a neighbor of his,
+and an honest man (if such an epithet can be given to one that is poor),
+but shallow brained; in short, he said so much, used so many arguments,
+and made so many promises, that the poor fellow resolved to sally out
+with him and serve him in the capacity of a squire. Among other things,
+Don Quixote told him that he ought to be very glad to accompany him, for
+such an adventure might some time or the other occur, that by one stroke
+an island might be won, where he might leave him governor. With this and
+other promises, Sancho Panza (for that was the laborer's name) left his
+wife and children and engaged himself as squire to his neighbor.
+
+Sancho Panza proceeded upon his ass, like a patriarch, with his wallet
+and leathern bottle, and with a vehement desire to find himself
+governor of the island, which his master had promised him. Don Quixote
+happened to take the same route as on his first expedition, over the
+plain of Montiel, which he passed with less inconvenience than before,
+for it was early in the morning, and the rays of the sun, darting on
+them horizontally, did not annoy them. Sancho Panza now said to his
+master: "I beseech your worship, good sir knight-errant, not to forget
+your promise concerning that same island; for I shall know how to govern
+it, be it ever so large."
+
+To which Don Quixote answered: "Thou must know, friend Sancho Panza,
+that it was a custom much in use among the knights-errant of old to make
+their squires governors of the islands or kingdoms they conquered, and I
+am determined that so laudable a custom, shall not be lost through my
+neglect; on the contrary, I resolve to outdo them in it: for they
+sometimes, and perhaps most times, waited till their squires were grown
+old; and when they were worn out in their service, and had endured many
+bad days and worse nights, they conferred on them some title, such as
+count, or at least marquis, of some valley or province of more or less
+account; but if you live, and I live, before six days have passed I may
+probably win such a kingdom as may have others depending on it, just fit
+for thee to be crowned king of one of them. And do not think this any
+extraordinary matter, for things fall out to knights by such unforeseen
+and unexpected ways, that I may easily give thee more than I promise."
+
+"So then," answered Sancho Panza, "if I were a king by some of those
+miracles your worship mentions, Joan Gutierrez, my duck, would come to
+be a queen, and my children infantas!"
+
+"Who doubts it?" answered Don Quixote.
+
+"I doubt it," replied Sancho Panza, "for I am verily persuaded that, if
+God were to rain down kingdoms upon the earth, none of them would sit
+well upon the head of Mary Gutierrez; for you must know, sir, she is not
+worth two farthings for a queen. The title of countess would sit better
+upon her, with the help of Heaven and good friends."
+
+"Recommend her to God, Sancho," answered Don Quixote, "and he will do
+what is best for her, but do thou have a care not to debase thy mind so
+low as to content thyself with being less than a viceroy."
+
+"Heaven grant us good success, and that we may speedily get this island
+which costs me so dear. No matter then how soon I die."
+
+"I have already told thee, Sancho, to give thyself no concern upon that
+account; for, if an island cannot be had, there is the kingdom of
+Denmark or that of Sobradisa, which will fit thee like a ring to the
+finger. Besides, as they are upon _terra firma_, thou shouldst prefer
+them. But let us leave this to its own time, and see if thou hast
+anything for us to eat in thy wallet. We will then go in quest of some
+castle, where we may lodge this night and make the balsam that I told
+thee of, for I declare that my ear pains me exceedingly."
+
+"I have here an onion and a piece of cheese, and I know not how many
+crusts of bread," said Sancho, "but they are not eatables fit for so
+valiant a knight as your worship."
+
+"How little dost thou understand of this matter!" answered Don Quixote.
+"I tell thee, Sancho, that it is honorable in knights-errant not to eat
+once in a month; and, if they do taste food, it must be what first
+offers: and this thou wouldst have known hadst thou read as many
+histories as I have done; for, though I have perused many, I never yet
+found in them any account of knights-errant taking food, unless it were
+by chance and at certain sumptuous banquets prepared expressly for them.
+The rest of their days they lived, as it were, upon smelling. And though
+it is to be presumed they could not subsist without eating and
+satisfying all other wants,--as, in fact, they were men,--yet, since
+they passed most part of their lives in wandering through forests and
+deserts, and without a cook, their usual diet must have consisted of
+rustic viands, such as those which thou hast now offered me. Therefore,
+friend Sancho, let not that trouble thee which gives me pleasure, nor
+endeavor to make a new world, or to throw knight-errantry off its
+hinges."
+
+"Pardon me, sir," said Sancho; "for, as I can neither read nor write, as
+I told you before, I am entirely unacquainted with the rules of the
+knightly profession; but henceforward I will furnish my wallet with all
+sorts of dried fruits for your worship, who are a knight; and for
+myself, who am none, I will supply it with poultry and other things of
+more substance."
+
+  There cannot be too much of a good thing.
+
+  What is lost to-day may be won to-morrow.
+
+  A saint may sometimes suffer for a sinner.
+
+  Many go out for wool and return shorn.
+
+  Matters of war are most subject to continual change.
+
+  Every man that is aggrieved is allowed to defend himself by
+  all laws human and divine.
+
+  Truth is the mother of history, the rival of time, the
+  depository of great actions, witness of the past, example
+  and adviser of the present, and oracle of future ages.
+
+  Love, like knight-errantry, puts all things on a level.
+
+  He that humbleth himself God will exalt.[3]
+
+After Don Quixote had satisfied his hunger, he took up a handful of
+acorns, and, looking on them attentively, gave utterance to expressions
+like these:--
+
+"Happy times and happy ages were those which the ancients termed the
+Golden Age! Not because gold, so prized in this our Iron age, was to be
+obtained, in that fortunate period, without toil; but because they who
+then lived were ignorant of those two words, Mine and Thine. In that
+blessed age all things were in common; to provide their ordinary
+sustenance no other labor was necessary than to raise their hands and
+take it from the sturdy oaks, which stood liberally inviting them to
+taste their sweet and relishing fruit. The limpid fountains and running
+streams offered them, in magnificent abundance, their delicious and
+transparent waters. In the clefts of rocks, and in hollow trees, the
+industrious and provident bees formed their commonwealths, offering to
+every hand, without interest, the fertile produce of their most
+delicious toil. The stately cork-trees, impelled by their own courtesy
+alone, divested themselves of their light and expanded bark, with which
+men began to cover their houses, supported by rough poles, only as a
+defence against the inclemency of the heavens. All then was peace, all
+amity, all concord. The heavy colter of the crooked plough had not yet
+dared to force open and search into the tender bowels of our first
+mother, who, unconstrained, offered from every part of her fertile and
+spacious bosom whatever might feed, sustain, and delight those, her
+children, by whom she was then possessed."
+
+
+ANTONIO.
+
+  Yes, lovely nymph, thou art my prize;
+    I boast the conquest of thy heart,
+  Though nor the tongue, nor speaking eyes,
+    Have yet revealed the latent smart.
+
+  Thy wit and sense assure my fate,
+    In them my love's success I see;
+  Nor can he be unfortunate
+    Who dares avow his flame for thee.
+
+  Yet sometimes hast thou frowned, alas!
+    And given my hopes a cruel shock;
+  Then did thy soul seem formed of brass,
+    Thy snowy bosom of the rock.
+
+  But in the midst of thy disdain,
+    Thy sharp reproaches, cold delays,
+  Hope from behind to ease my pain,
+    The border of her robe displays.
+
+  Ah, lovely maid! in equal scale
+    Weigh well thy shepherd's truth and love,
+  Which ne'er but with his breath can fail,
+    Which neither frowns nor smiles can move.
+
+  If love, as shepherds wont to say,
+    Be gentleness and courtesy,
+  So courteous is Olalia,
+    My passion will rewarded be.
+
+  And if obsequious duty paid,
+    The grateful heart can never move,
+  Mine sure, my fair, may well persuade
+    A due return and claim thy love.
+
+  For, to seem pleasing in thy sight,
+    I dress myself with studious care,
+  And, in my best apparel dight,
+    My Sunday clothes on Monday wear.
+
+  And shepherds say I'm not to blame,
+    For cleanly dress and spruce attire
+  Preserve alive love's wanton flame
+    And gently fan the dying fire.
+
+  To please my fair, in mazy ring
+    I join the dance, and sportive play;
+  And oft beneath thy window sing,
+    When first the cock proclaims the day.
+
+  With rapture on each charm I dwell,
+    And daily spread thy beauty's fame;
+  And still my tongue thy praise shall tell,
+    Though envy swell, or malice blame.
+
+  Teresa of the Berrocal,
+    When once I praised you, said in spite,
+  Your mistress you an angel call,
+    But a mere ape is your delight.
+
+  Thanks to the bugle's artful glare,
+    And all the graces counterfeit;
+  Thanks to the false and curléd hair,
+    Which wary Love himself might cheat.
+
+  I swore 'twas false, and said she lied;
+    At that her anger fiercely rose;
+  I boxed the clown that took her side,
+    And how I boxed my fairest knows.
+
+  I court thee not, Olalia,
+    To gratify a loose desire;
+  My love is chaste, without alloy
+    Of wanton wish or lustful fire.
+
+  The church hath silken cords, that tie
+    Consenting hearts in mutual bands:
+  If thou, my fair, its yoke will try,
+    Thy swain its ready captive stands.
+
+  If not, by all the saints I swear
+    On these bleak mountains still to dwell,
+  Nor ever quit my toilsome care,
+    But for the cloister and the cell.
+
+  I think I see her now, with that goodly presence, looking as
+  if she had the sun on one side of her and the moon on the
+  other; and above all, she was a notable housewife, and a
+  friend to the poor; for which I believe her soul is at this
+  very moment in heaven.
+
+  A clergyman must be over and above good, who makes all his
+  parishioners speak well of him.
+
+  Parents ought not to settle their children against their
+  will.
+
+  Though she does not fly or shun the company and conversation
+  of the shepherds, but treats them in a courteous and
+  friendly manner, yet, when any one of them ventures to
+  discover his intention, though it be as just and holy as
+  that of marriage, she casts him from her as out of a
+  stone-bow. And by this sort of behavior she does more
+  mischief in this country than if she carried the plague
+  about with her; for her affability and beauty win the hearts
+  of those who converse with her, and incline them to serve
+  and love her; but her disdain and frank dealing drive them
+  to despair; and so they know not what to say to her, and can
+  only exclaim against her, calling her cruel and ungrateful,
+  with such other titles as plainly denote her character; and,
+  were you to abide here, sir, awhile, you would hear these
+  mountains and valleys resound with the complaints of those
+  rejected wretches that yet follow her. There is a place not
+  far hence, where about two dozen of tall beeches grow, and
+  not one of them is without the name of Marcela written and
+  engraved on its smooth bark; over some of them is carved a
+  crown, as if the lover would more clearly observe that
+  Marcela deserves and wears the crown of all human beauty.
+
+  Revels, banquets, and repose, were invented for effeminate
+  courtiers; but toil, disquietude, and arms alone were
+  designed for those whom the world calls knights-errant.
+
+    For never sure was any knight
+      So served by damsel, or by dame,
+    As Lancelot, that man of might,
+      When he at first from Britain came.
+
+  The soldier who executes his captain's command is no less
+  valuable than the captain who gave the order.
+
+"I am of the same opinion," replied the traveller; "but one thing, among
+many others which appear to me to be censurable in knights-errant, is
+that, when they are prepared to engage in some great and perilous
+adventure to the manifest hazard of their lives, at the moment of attack
+they never think of commending themselves to God, as every Christian is
+bound to do at such a crisis, but rather commend themselves to their
+mistresses, and that with as much fervor and devotion as if they were
+really their God; a thing which to me savors of paganism."
+
+"Signor," answered Don Quixote, "this can by no means be otherwise; and
+the knight-errant who should act in any other manner would digress much
+from his duty; for it is a received maxim and custom in chivalry, that
+the knight-errant, who, on the point of engaging in some great feat of
+arms, has his lady before him, must turn his eyes fondly and amorously
+towards her, as if imploring her favor and protection in the hazardous
+enterprise that awaits him; and, even if nobody hear him, he must
+pronounce some words between his teeth, by which he commends himself to
+her with his whole heart; and of this we have innumerable examples in
+history. Nor is it thence to be inferred that they neglect commending
+themselves to God; for there is time and opportunity enough to do it in
+the course of the action."
+
+"Notwithstanding all that," replied the traveller, "better had it been
+if the words he spent in commending himself to his lady, in the midst of
+the career, had been employed as the duties of a Christian require;
+particularly as I imagine that all knights-errant have not ladies to
+commend themselves to, because they are not all in love."
+
+"That cannot be," answered Don Quixote: "I say there cannot be a
+knight-errant without a mistress; for it is as essential and as natural
+for them to be enamored as for the sky to have stars; and most
+certainly, no history exists in which a knight-errant is to be found
+without an amour; for, from the very circumstance of his being without,
+he would not be acknowledged as a legitimate knight, but a bastard who
+had entered the fortress of chivalry, not by the gate, but over the
+pales, like a thief and robber."
+
+"Nevertheless," said the traveller, "if I am not mistaken, I remember
+having read that Don Galaor, brother to the valorous Amadis de Gaul,
+never had a particular mistress, to whom he might commend himself;
+notwithstanding which, he was no less esteemed, and was a very valiant
+and famous knight."
+
+To which our Don Quixote answered: "Signor, one swallow does not make a
+summer." [4]
+
+"If it is essential that every knight-errant be a lover," said the
+traveller, "it may well be presumed that you are yourself one, being of
+the profession; and, if you do not pique yourself upon the same secrecy
+as Don Galaor, I earnestly entreat you, in the name of all this good
+company and in my own, to tell us the name, country, quality, and beauty
+of your mistress, who cannot but account herself happy that all the
+world should know that she is loved and served by so worthy a knight."
+
+Here Don Quixote breathed a deep sigh, and said: "I cannot positively
+affirm whether that sweet enemy of mine is pleased or not that the
+world should know I am her servant. I can only say, in answer to what
+you so very courteously inquire of me, that her name is Dulcinea; her
+country Toboso, a town of la Mancha: her quality at least that of a
+princess, since she is my queen and sovereign lady; her beauty more than
+human, since in her all the impossible and chimerical attributes of
+beauty which the poets ascribe to their mistresses are realized; for her
+hair is gold, her forehead the Elysian Fields, her eyebrows rainbows,
+her eyes suns, her cheeks roses, her lips coral, her teeth pearls, her
+neck, alabaster, her bosom marble, her hands ivory, her whiteness snow,
+and her whole person without parallel. She is of those of Toboso de la
+Mancha; a lineage which, though modern, is yet such as may give a noble
+beginning to the most illustrious families of future ages; and in this
+let no one contradict me, unless it be on the conditions that Zerbino
+fixed under the arms of Orlando, where it said:--
+
+ 'That knight alone these arms shall move,
+  Who dares Orlando's prowess prove.'"
+
+
+THE STORY OF CHRYSOSTOM.
+
+"Comrades," said he, "do you know what is passing in the village?"
+
+"How should we know?" answered one of them.
+
+"Know, then," continued the youth, "that the famous shepherd and
+scholar, Chrysostom, died this morning; and it is rumored that it was
+for love of that saucy girl Marcela, daughter of William the rich; she
+who rambles about these woods and fields in the dress of a
+shepherdess."
+
+"For Marcela, say you?" quoth one.
+
+"For her, I say," answered the goatherd; "and the best of it is, he has
+ordered in his will that they should bury him in the fields, like a
+Moor, at the foot of the rock, by the cork-tree fountain, which,
+according to report, and as they say, he himself declared was the very
+place where he first saw her. He ordered also other tilings so
+extravagant that the clergy say they must not be performed; nor is it
+fit that they should, for they seem to be heathenish. But his great
+friend Ambrosio, the student, who accompanied him, dressed also like a
+shepherd, declares that the whole of what Chrysostom enjoined shall be
+executed: and upon this the village is all in an uproar: but by what I
+can learn, they will at last do what Ambrosio and all his friends
+require; and to-morrow they come to inter him, with great solemnity, in
+the place I mentioned; and, in my opinion, it will be a sight well worth
+seeing; at least, I shall not fail to go, although I were certain of not
+returning to-morrow to the village."
+
+"We will do the same," answered the goatherds; "and let us cast lots who
+shall stay behind to look after the goats."
+
+"You say well, Pedro," quoth another; "but it will be needless to make
+use of this expedient, for I will remain for you all: and do not
+attribute this to self-denial or want of curiosity in me, but to the
+thorn which stuck into my foot the other day, and hinders me from
+walking."
+
+"We thank you, nevertheless," answered Pedro.
+
+Don Quixote requested Pedro to give him some account of the deceased man
+and the shepherdess. To which Pedro answered, "that all he knew was,
+that the deceased was a wealthy gentleman, and inhabitant of a village
+situate among these mountains, who had studied many years at Salamanca;
+at the end of which time he returned home, with the character of a very
+learned and well read person; particularly, it was said, he understood
+the science of the stars, and what the sun and moon are doing in the
+sky; for he told us punctually the clipse of the sun and moon."
+
+"Friend," quoth Don Quixote, "the obscuration of those two luminaries is
+called an _eclipse_, and not a _clipse_."
+
+But Pedro, not regarding niceties, went on with his story, saying, "He
+also foretold when the year would be plentiful or starel."
+
+"_Sterile_, you would say, friend," quoth Don Quixote.
+
+"_Sterile_, or _starel_," answered Pedro, "comes all to the same thing.
+And, as I was saying, his father and friends, who gave credit to his
+words, became very rich thereby; for they followed his advice in
+everything. This year he would say, 'Sow barley, and not wheat; in this
+you may sow vetches, and not barley; the next year there will be plenty
+of oil; the three following there will not be a drop.'"
+
+"This science they call astrology," said Don Quixote.
+
+"I know not how it is called," replied Pedro, "but I know that he knew
+all this, and more too. In short, not many months after he came from
+Salamanca, on a certain day he appeared dressed like a shepherd, with
+his crook and sheepskin jacket, having thrown aside his scholar's gown;
+and with an intimate friend of his, called Ambrosio, who had been his
+fellow-student, and who now put on likewise the apparel of a shepherd. I
+forgot to tell you how the deceased Chrysostom was a great man at making
+verses; insomuch that he made the carols for Christmas-eve and the
+religious plays for Corpus Christi, which the boys of the village
+represented; and everybody said they were most excellent. When the
+people of the village saw the two scholars so suddenly habited like
+shepherds, they were amazed, and could not get at the cause that induced
+them to make that strange alteration in their dress. About this time the
+father of Chrysostom died, and he inherited a large estate, in lands and
+goods, flocks, herds, and money, of all which the youth remained
+absolute master; and, indeed, he deserved it all, for he was a very good
+companion, a charitable man, and a friend to those that were good, and
+had a face like any blessing. Afterwards it came to be known that he
+changed his habit for no other purpose but that he might wander about
+these desert places after that shepherdess Marcela, with whom, as our
+lad told you, he was in love.
+
+"As all that I have related is certain truth, I can more readily believe
+what our companion told us concerning the cause of Chrysostom's death;
+and therefore I advise you, sir, not to fail being to-morrow at his
+funeral, which will be very well worth seeing; for Chrysostom had a
+great many friends, and it is not half a league hence to the place of
+interment appointed by himself."
+
+"I will certainly be there," said Don Quixote, "and I thank you for the
+pleasure you have given me by the recital of so entertaining a story."
+
+Morning scarcely had dawned through the balconies of the east, when five
+of the six goatherds got up and went to awake Don Quixote, whom they
+asked whether he continued in his resolution of going to see the famous
+interment of Chrysostom, for, if so, they would bear him company. Don
+Quixote, who desired nothing more, arose, and ordered Sancho to saddle
+and pannel immediately, which he did with great expedition; and with the
+same dispatch they all set out on their journey.
+
+They had not gone a quarter of a league, when upon crossing a pathway,
+they saw six shepherds advancing towards them, clad in jackets of black
+sheepskin, with garlands of cypress and bitter rosemary on their heads;
+each of them having in his hand a thick holly club. There came also with
+them two gentlemen on horseback, well equipped for travelling, who were
+attended by three lackeys on foot. When the two parties met they
+courteously saluted each other, and finding upon inquiry that all were
+proceeding to the place of burial, they continued their journey
+together.
+
+Proceeding on, they discerned through a cleft between two high mountains
+about twenty shepherds coming down, all clad in jerkins of black wool,
+and crowned with garlands, some of which were of yew, and some of
+cypress. Six of them carried a bier covered with various flowers and
+boughs. One of the goatherds said: "Those who come hither are bearing
+the corpse of Chrysostom, and at the foot of yonder mountain is the
+place where he desired to be interred." Four of them, with sharp
+pickaxes, were making the grave by the side of a sharp rock. Upon the
+bier lay a dead body, strewed with flowers, in the dress of a shepherd,
+apparently about thirty years of age; and though dead, it was evident
+that his countenance had been beautiful and his figure elegant. Several
+books and a great number of papers, some open and some folded, lay round
+him on the bier. All that were present, spectators as well as those who
+were opening the grave, kept a marvellous silence, until one said to
+another: "Observe carefully, Ambrosio, whether this be the place which
+Chrysostom mentioned since you wish to be so exact in executing his
+will."
+
+"It is here," answered Ambrosio; "for in this very place my unhappy
+friend often told me of his woe. Here it was, he told me, that he first
+beheld that mortal enemy of the human race; here it was that he declared
+to her his no less honorable than ardent passion; here it was that
+Marcela finally undeceived and treated him with such disdain that she
+put an end to the tragedy of his miserable life; and here, in memory of
+so many misfortunes, he desired to be deposited in the bowels of eternal
+oblivion."
+
+Then, addressing himself to Don Quixote and the travellers, he thus
+continued: "This body, sirs, which you are regarding with compassionate
+eyes, was the receptacle of a soul upon which Heaven had bestowed an
+infinite portion of its treasures; this is the body of Chrysostom, who
+was a man of rare genius, matchless courtesy, and unbounded kindness; he
+was a phoenix in friendship, magnificent without ostentation, grave
+without arrogance, cheerful without meanness; in short, the first in all
+that was good, and second to none in all that was unfortunate. He loved,
+and was abhorred; he adored, and was scorned; he courted a savage; he
+solicited a statue; he pursued the wind; he called aloud to the desert;
+he was the slave of ingratitude, whose recompense was to leave him, in
+the middle of his career of life, a prey to death, inflicted by a
+certain shepherdess, whom he endeavored to render immortal in the
+memories of men; as these papers you are looking at would sufficiently
+demonstrate, had he not ordered me to commit them to the flames at the
+same time that his body was deposited in the earth."
+
+"You would then be more rigorous and cruel to them," said Vivaldo, "than
+their master himself.
+
+"It is neither just nor wise to fulfil the will of him who commands what
+is utterly unreasonable.
+
+"Augustus Cæsar deemed it wrong to consent to the execution of what the
+divine Mantuan commanded in his will; therefore, Signor Ambrosio,
+although you commit your friend's body to the earth, do not commit his
+writings also to oblivion; and if he has ordained like a man aggrieved,
+do not you fulfil like one without discretion, but rather preserve those
+papers, in order that the cruelty of Marcela may be still remembered,
+and serve for an example to those who shall live in times to come, that
+they may avoid falling down the like precipices; for I am acquainted, as
+well as my companions here, with the story of this your enamored and
+despairing friend; we know also your friendship, and the occasion of
+his death, and what he ordered on his deathbed; from which lamentable
+history we may conclude how great has been the cruelty of Marcela, the
+love of Chrysostom, and the sincerity of your friendship; and also learn
+the end of those who run headlong in the path that delirious passion
+presents to their view. Last night we heard of Chrysostom's death, and
+that he was to be interred in this place; led, therefore, by curiosity
+and compassion, we turned out of our way, and determined to behold with
+our eyes what had interested us so much in the recital; and, in return
+for our pity, and our desire to give aid, had it been possible, we
+beseech you, oh wise Ambrosio--at least I request it on my own
+behalf--that you will not burn the papers, but allow me to take some of
+them."
+
+Then, without waiting for the shepherd's reply, he stretched out his
+hand and took some of those that were nearest to him: upon which
+Ambrosio said: "Out of civility, signor, I will consent to your keeping
+those you have taken; but if you expect that I shall forbear burning
+those that remain, you are deceived."
+
+Vivaldo, desirous of seeing what the papers contained, immediately
+opened one of them, and found that it was entitled, "The Song of
+Despair." Ambrosio, hearing it, said: "This is the last thing which the
+unhappy man wrote; and that all present may conceive, signor, to what a
+state of misery he was reduced, read it aloud; for you will have time
+enough while they are digging the grave."
+
+"That I will do with all my heart," said Vivaldo; and, as all the
+bystanders had the same desire, they assembled around him, and he read
+in an audible voice as follows:--
+
+CHRYSOSTOM'S SONG.
+
+  I.
+
+  Since, cruel maid, you force me to proclaim
+  From clime to clime, the triumph of your scorn,
+  Let hell itself inspire my tortured breast
+  With mournful numbers, and untune my voice;
+  Whilst the sad pieces of my broken heart
+  Mix with the doleful accents of my tongue,
+  At once to tell my griefs and thy exploits,
+  Hear, then, and listen with attentive ear--
+  Not to harmonious sounds, but echoing groans,
+  Fetched from the bottom of my laboring breast,
+  To ease, in spite of thee, my raging smart.
+
+  II.
+
+  The lion's roar, the howl of midnight wolves,
+  The scaly serpent's hiss, the raven's croak,
+  The burst of fighting winds that vex the main,
+  The widowed owl and turtle's plaintive moan,
+  With all the din of hell's infernal crew,
+  From my grieved soul forth issue in one sound--
+  Leaving my senses all confused and lost.
+  For ah! no common language can express
+  The cruel pains that torture my sad heart.
+
+  III.
+
+  Yet let not Echo bear the mournful sounds
+  To where old Tagus rolls his yellow sands,
+  Or Betis, crowned with olives, pours his flood,
+  But here, 'midst rocks and precipices deep,
+  Or to obscure and silent vales removed,
+  On shores by human footsteps never trod,
+  Where the gay sun ne'er lifts his radiant orb,
+  Or with the envenomed face of savage beasts
+  That range the howling wilderness for food,
+  Will I proclaim the story of my woes--
+  Poor privilege of grief!--while echoes hoarse
+  Catch the sad tale, and spread it round the world.
+
+  IV.
+
+  Disdain gives death; suspicions, true or false,
+  O'erturn the impatient mind: with surer stroke
+  Fell jealousy destroys; the pangs of absence
+  No lover can support; nor firmest hope
+  Can dissipate the dread of cold neglect;
+  Yet I, strange fate! though jealous, though disdained,
+  Absent, and sure of cold neglect, still live.
+  And amidst the various torments I endure,
+  No ray of hope e'er darted on my soul,
+  Nor would I hope; rather in deep despair
+  Will I sit down, and, brooding o'er my griefs,
+  Vow everlasting absence from her sight.
+
+  V.
+
+  Can hope and fear at once the soul possess,
+  Or hope subsist with surer cause of fear?
+  Shall I, to shut out frightful jealousy,
+  Close my sad eyes, when every pang I feel
+  Presents the hideous phantom to my view?
+  What wretch so credulous but must embrace
+  Distrust with open arms, when he beholds
+  Disdain avowed, suspicions realized,
+  And truth itself converted to a lie?
+  Oh, cruel tyrant of the realm of love,
+  Fierce Jealousy, arm with a sword this hand,
+  Or thou, Disdain, a twisted cord bestow!
+
+  VI.
+
+  Let me not blame my fate; but, dying, think
+  The man most blest who loves, the soul most free
+  That love has most enthralled. Still to my thoughts
+  Let fancy paint the tyrant of my heart
+  Beauteous in mind as face, and in myself
+  Still let me find the source of her disdain,
+  Content to suffer, since imperial Love
+  By lover's woes maintains his sovereign state.
+  With this persuasion, and the fatal noose,
+  I hasten to the doom her scorn demands,
+  And, dying, offer up my breathless corse,
+  Uncrowned with garlands, to the whistling winds.
+
+  VII.
+
+  Oh thou, whose unrelenting rigor's force
+  First drove me to despair, and now to death;
+  When the sad tale of my untimely fall
+  Shall reach thy ear, though it deserve a sigh,
+  Veil not the heaven of those bright eyes in grief,
+  Nor drop one pitying tear, to tell the world
+  At length my death has triumphed o'er thy scorn:
+  But dress thy face in smiles, and celebrate
+  With laughter and each circumstance of joy
+  The festival of my disastrous end.
+  Ah! need I bid thee smile? too well I know
+  My death's thy utmost glory and thy pride.
+
+  VIII.
+
+  Come, all ye phantoms of the dark abyss:
+  Bring, Tantalus, thy unextinguished thirst,
+  And Sisyphus, thy still returning stone;
+  Come, Tityus, with the vulture at thy heart;
+  And thou, Ixion, bring thy giddy wheel;
+  Nor let the toiling sisters stay behind.
+  Pour your united griefs into this breast,
+  And in low murmurs sing sad obsequies
+  (If a despairing wretch such rites may claim)
+  O'er my cold limbs, denied a winding sheet.
+  And let the triple porter of the shades,
+  The sister Furies, and chimeras dire,
+  With notes of woe the mournful chorus join.
+  Such funeral pomp alone befits the wretch
+  By beauty sent untimely to the grave.
+
+  IX.
+
+  And thou, my song, sad child of my despair,
+  Complain no more; but since thy wretched fate
+  Improves her happier lot who gave thee birth,
+  Be all thy sorrows buried in my tomb.
+
+None of the shepherds departed until, the grave being made and the
+papers burnt, the body of Chrysostom was interred, not without many
+tears from the spectators. They closed the sepulchre with a large
+fragment of a rock until a tombstone was finished, which Ambrosio said
+it was his intention to provide, and to inscribe upon it the following
+epitaph:--
+
+CHRYSOSTOM'S EPITAPH.
+
+  The body of a wretched swain,
+  Killed by a cruel maid's disdain,
+    In this cold bed neglected lies.
+
+  He lived, fond, hapless youth! to prove
+  Th' inhuman tyranny of love,
+    Exerted in Marcela's eyes.
+
+Then they strewed abundance of flowers and boughs
+on the grave, and after expressions of condolence to his
+friend Ambrosio, they took their leave of him.
+
+  All beauty does not inspire love; some please the sight
+  without captivating the affections. If all beauties were to
+  enamour and captivate, the hearts of mankind would be in a
+  continual state of perplexity and confusion--for beautiful
+  objects being infinite, the sentiments they inspire should
+  also be infinite.
+
+  True love cannot be divided, and must be voluntary and
+  unconstrained.
+
+  The viper deserves no blame for its sting, although it be
+  mortal--because it is the gift of Nature.
+
+  Beauty in a modest woman is like fire or a sharp sword at a
+  distance; neither doth the one burn nor the other wound
+  those that come not too near them.
+
+  Honor and virtue are ornaments of the soul, without which
+  the body, though it be really beautiful, ought not to be
+  thought so.
+
+  Let him who is deceived complain.
+
+  Let him to whom faith is broken despair.
+
+  She who loves none can make none jealous, and sincerity
+  ought not to pass for disdain.
+
+  Much time is necessary to know people thoroughly.
+
+  We are sure of nothing in this life.
+
+  There is no remembrance which time does not obliterate, nor
+  pain which death does not terminate.
+
+  Fortune always leaves some door open in misfortune.
+
+  Sometimes we look for one thing and find another.
+
+  Self-praise depreciates.
+
+  The cat to the rat--the rat to the rope--the rope to the
+  gallows.
+
+  Out of the frying-pan into the fire.
+
+  One man is no more than another, only inasmuch as he does
+  more than another.
+
+  The lance never blunted the pen, nor the pen the lance.
+
+  A mouth without teeth is like a mill without a stone.
+
+  The dead to the bier, and the living to good cheer.
+
+  One effect of fear is to disturb the senses, and make things
+  not to appear what they really are.
+
+
+ADVENTURE OF THE DEAD BODY.
+
+They saw, advancing towards them, on the same road, a great number of
+lights, resembling so many moving stars. Sancho stood aghast at the
+sight of them, nor was Don Quixote unmoved. The one checked his ass and
+the other his horse, and both stood looking before them with eager
+attention. They perceived that the lights were advancing towards them,
+and that as they approached nearer they appeared larger. Sancho trembled
+like quicksilver at the sight, and Don Quixote's hair bristled upon his
+head; but, somewhat recovering himself, he exclaimed: "Sancho, this must
+be a most perilous adventure, wherein it will be necessary for me to
+exert my whole might and valor."
+
+"Woe is me!" answered Sancho; "should this prove to be an adventure of
+goblins, as to me it seems to be, where shall I find ribs to endure?"
+
+"Whatsoever phantoms they may be," said Don Quixote, "I will not suffer
+them to touch a thread of thy garment: for if they sported with thee
+before, it was because I could not get over the wall; but we are now
+upon even ground, where I can brandish my sword at pleasure."
+
+"But, if they should enchant and benumb you, as they did then," quoth
+Sancho, "what matters it whether we are in the open field or not?"
+
+"Notwithstanding that," replied Don Quixote, "I beseech thee, Sancho, to
+be of good courage; for experience shall give thee sufficient proof of
+mine."
+
+"I will, if it please God," answered Sancho; and, retiring a little on
+one side of the road, and again endeavoring to discover what those
+walking lights might be, they soon after perceived a great many persons
+clothed in white.
+
+This dreadful spectacle completely annihilated the courage of Sancho,
+whose teeth began to chatter, as if seized with a quartan ague; and his
+trembling and chattering increased as more of it appeared in view; for
+now they discovered about twenty persons in white robes, all on
+horseback, with lighted torches in their hands; behind them came a
+litter covered with black, which was followed by six persons in deep
+mourning; the mules on which they were mounted being covered likewise
+with black down to their heels; for that they were mules, and not
+horses, was evident by the slowness of their pace. Those robed in white
+were muttering to themselves in a low and plaintive tone.
+
+This strange vision, at such an hour, and in a place so uninhabited
+might well strike terror into Sancho's heart, and even into that of his
+master; and so it would have done had he been any other than Don
+Quixote. As for Sancho, his whole stock of courage was now exhausted.
+But it was otherwise with his master, whose lively imagination instantly
+suggested to him that this must be truly a chivalrous adventure. He
+conceived that the litter was a bier, whereon was carried some knight
+sorely wounded, or slain, whose revenge was reserved for him alone; he,
+therefore, without delay couched his spear, seated himself firm in his
+saddle, and with grace and spirit advanced into the middle of the road
+by which the procession must pass; and, when they were near, he raised
+his voice and said: "Ho, knights, whoever ye are, halt, and give me an
+account to whom ye belong; whence ye come, whither ye are going, and
+what it is ye carry upon that bier; for in all appearance either ye have
+done some injury to others, or others to you: and it is expedient and
+necessary that I be informed of it, either to chastise ye for the evil
+ye have done, or to revenge ye of wrongs sustained."
+
+"We are in haste," answered one in the procession; "the inn is a great
+way off, and we cannot stay to give so long an account as you require."
+Then, spurring his mule, he passed forward.
+
+Don Quixote, highly resenting this answer, laid hold of his bridle and
+said: "Stand, and with more civility give me the account I demand;
+otherwise I challenge ye all to battle."
+
+The mule was timid, and started so much upon his touching the bridle,
+that, rising on her hind legs, she threw her rider over the crupper to
+the ground. A lacquey that came on foot, seeing the man in white fall,
+began to revile Don Quixote, whose choler being now raised, he couched
+his spear, and immediately attacking one of the mourners, laid him on
+the ground grievously wounded; then turning about to the rest, it was
+worth seeing with what agility he attacked and defeated them; and it
+seemed as if wings at that instant had sprung on Rozinante--so lightly
+and swiftly he moved! All the white-robed people, being timorous and
+unarmed, soon quitted the skirmish and ran over the plain with their
+lighted torches, looking like so many masqueraders on a carnival or
+festival night. The mourners were so wrapped up and muffled in their
+long robes that they could make no exertion; so that Don Quixote, with
+entire safety, assailed them all, and, sorely against their will,
+obliged them to quit the field; for they thought him no man, but the
+devil from hell broke loose upon them to seize the dead body they were
+conveying in the litter.
+
+All this Sancho beheld with admiration at his master's intrepidity, and
+said to himself: "This master of mine is certainly as valiant and
+magnanimous as he pretends to be."
+
+A burning torch lay upon the ground near the first whom the mule had
+overthrown, by the light of which Don Quixote espied him, and going up
+to him, placed the point of his spear to his throat, commanding him to
+surrender, on pain of death. To which the fallen man answered: "I am
+surrendered enough already, since I cannot stir, for one of my legs is
+broken. I beseech you, sir, if you are a Christian gentleman, do not
+kill me: you would commit a great sacrilege, for I am a licentiate and
+have taken the lesser orders."
+
+"Who the devil, then," said Don Quixote, "brought you hither, being an
+ecclesiastic?"
+
+"Who, sir?" replied the fallen man; "my evil fortune."
+
+"A worse fate now threatens you," said Don Quixote, "unless you reply
+satisfactorily to all my first questions."
+
+"Your worship shall soon be satisfied," answered the licentiate; "and
+therefore you must know, sir, that though I told you before I was a
+licentiate, I am in fact only a bachelor of arts, and my name is Alonzo
+Lopez. I am a native of Alcovendas, and came from the city of Baeza with
+eleven more ecclesiastics, the same who fled with the torches. We were
+attending the corpse in that litter to the city of Segovia. It is that
+of a gentleman who died in Baeza, where he was deposited till now, that,
+as I said before, we are carrying his bones to their place of burial in
+Segovia, where he was born."
+
+"And who killed him?" demanded Don Quixote.
+
+"God," replied the bachelor, "by means of a pestilential fever."
+
+"Then," said Don Quixote, "our Lord hath saved me the labor of revenging
+his death, in case he had been slain by any other hand. But, since he
+fell by the hand of Heaven, there is nothing expected from us but
+patience and a silent shrug; for just the same must I have done had it
+been His pleasure to pronounce the fatal sentence upon me. It is proper
+that your reverence should know that I am a knight of La Mancha, Don
+Quixote by name, and that it is my office and profession to go over the
+world righting wrongs and redressing grievances."
+
+  He that seeketh danger perisheth therein.
+
+  Fear hath many eyes.
+
+  Evil to him that evil seeks.
+
+  Everybody has not discretion to take things by the right
+  handle.
+
+  He loves thee well who makes thee weep.
+
+
+THE GRAND ADVENTURE AND RICH PRIZE OF MAMBRINO'S HELMET.
+
+About this time it began to rain a little, and Sancho proposed entering
+the fulling-mill; but Don Quixote had conceived such an abhorrence of
+them for the late jest, that he would by no means go in: turning,
+therefore, to the right hand, they struck into another road, like that
+they had travelled through the day before. Soon after, Don Quixote
+discovered a man on horseback, who had on his head something which
+glittered as if it had been of gold; and scarcely had he seen it when,
+turning to Sancho, he said, "I am of opinion, Sancho, there is no
+proverb but what is true, because they are all sentences drawn from
+experience itself, the mother of all the sciences; especially that which
+says, 'Where one door is shut another is opened.' I say this because, if
+fortune last night shut the door against what we sought, deceiving us
+with the fulling-mills, it now opens wide another, for a better and
+more certain adventure; in which, if I am deceived, the fault will be
+mine, without imputing it to my ignorance of fulling-mills, or to the
+darkness of night. This I say because, if I mistake not, there comes one
+towards us who carries on his head Mambrino's helmet, concerning which
+thou mayest remember I swore the oath."
+
+"Take care, sir, what you say, and more what you do," said Sancho; "for
+I would not wish for other fulling-mills, to finish the milling and
+mashing our senses."
+
+"The devil take thee!" replied Don Quixote: "what has a helmet to do
+with fulling-mills?"
+
+"I know not," answered Sancho; "but in faith, if I might talk as much as
+I used to do, perhaps I could give such reasons that your worship would
+see you are mistaken in what you say."
+
+"How can I be mistaken in what I say, scrupulous traitor?" said Don
+Quixote. "Tell me, seest thou not yon knight coming towards us on a
+dapple-gray steed, with a helmet of gold on his head?"
+
+"What I see and perceive," answered Sancho, "is only a man on a gray ass
+like mine, with something on his head that glitters."
+
+"Why, that is Mambrino's helmet," said Don Quixote; "retire, and leave
+me alone to deal with him, and thou shalt see how, in order to save
+time, I shall conclude this adventure without speaking a word, and the
+helmet I have so much desired remain my own."
+
+"I shall take care to get out of the way," replied Sancho; "but Heaven
+grant, I say again, it may not prove another fulling-mill adventure."
+
+"I have already told thee, Sancho, not to mention those fulling-mills,
+nor even think of them," said Don Quixote: "if thou dost--I say no more,
+but I vow to mill thy soul for thee!" Sancho held his peace, fearing
+lest his master should perform his vow, which had struck him all of a
+heap.
+
+Now the truth of the matter, concerning the helmet, the steed, and the
+knight which Don Quixote saw, was this. There were two villages in that
+neighborhood, one of them so small that it had neither shop nor barber,
+but the other adjoining to it had both; therefore the barber of the
+larger served also the less, wherein one customer now wanted to be let
+blood and another to be shaved; to perform which, the barber was now on
+his way, carrying with him his brass basin; and it so happened that
+while upon the road it began to rain, and to save his hat, which was a
+new one, he clapped the basin on his head, which being lately scoured
+was seen glittering at the distance of half a league; and he rode on a
+gray ass, as Sancho had affirmed. Thus Don Quixote took the barber for a
+knight, his ass for a dapple-gray steed, and his basin for a golden
+helmet; for whatever he saw was quickly adapted to his knightly
+extravagances: and when the poor knight drew near, without staying to
+reason the case with him, he advanced at Rozinante's best speed, and
+couched his lance, intending to run him through and through; but, when
+close upon him, without checking the fury of his career, he cried out,
+"Defend thyself, caitiff! or instantly surrender what is justly my due."
+
+The barber, so unexpectedly seeing this phantom advancing upon him, had
+no other way to avoid the thrust of the lance than to slip down from the
+ass; and no sooner had he touched the ground than, leaping up nimbler
+than a roebuck, he scampered over the plain with such speed that the
+wind could not overtake him. The basin he left on the ground; with which
+Don Quixote was satisfied, observing that the pagan had acted
+discreetly, and in imitation of the beaver, which, when closely pursued
+by the hunters, tears off with his teeth that which it knows by instinct
+to be the object of pursuit. He ordered Sancho to take up the helmet;
+who, holding it in his hand, said, "Before Heaven, the basin is a
+special one, and is well worth a piece of eight, if it is worth a
+farthing."
+
+He then gave it to his master, who immediately placed it upon his head,
+turning it round in search of the visor; but not finding it he said,
+"Doubtless the pagan for whom this famous helmet was originally forged
+must have had a prodigious head--the worst of it is that one half is
+wanting."
+
+When Sancho heard the basin called a helmet, he could not forbear
+laughing; which, however, he instantly checked on recollecting his
+master's late choler.
+
+"What dost thou laugh at, Sancho?" said Don Quixote.
+
+"I am laughing," answered he, "to think what a huge head the pagan had
+who owned that helmet, which is for all the world just like a barber's
+basin."
+
+"Knowest thou, Sancho, what I conceive to be the case? This famous
+piece, this enchanted helmet, by some strange accident must have fallen
+into the possession of one who, ignorant of its true value as a helmet
+and seeing it to be of the purest gold, hath inconsiderately melted down
+the one-half for lucre's sake, and of the other half made this, which,
+as thou sayest, doth indeed look like a barber's basin; but to me, who
+know what it really is, its transformation is of no importance, for I
+will have it so repaired in the first town where there is a smith, that
+it shall not be surpassed nor even equalled by that which the god of
+smiths himself made and forged for the god of battles. In the mean time
+I will wear it as I best can, for something is better than nothing; and
+it will be sufficient to defend me from stones."
+
+  Be brief in thy discourse, for what is prolix cannot be
+  pleasing.
+
+  Never stand begging for that which you have the power to
+  take.
+
+  There are two kinds of lineages in the world. Some there are
+  who derive their pedigree from princes and monarchs, whom
+  time has gradually reduced until they have ended in a point,
+  like a pyramid; others have had a low origin, and have risen
+  by degrees, until they have become great lords. So that the
+  difference is, that some have been what they now are not,
+  and others are now what they were not before.
+
+  A leap from a hedge is better than the prayer of a bishop.
+
+  A snatch from behind a bush is better than the prayer of
+  good men.
+
+  Customs come not all together, neither were they all
+  invented at once.
+
+  Who sings in grief procures relief.
+
+  Let every one turn himself round, and look at home, and he
+  will find enough to do.
+
+  To be grateful for benefits received is the duty of honest
+  men--one of the sins that most offendeth God is ingratitude.
+
+  Benefits conferred on base-minded people are like drops of
+  water thrown into the sea.
+
+  Retreating is not running away, nor is staying wisdom when
+  the danger overbalances the hope; and it is the part of wise
+  men to secure themselves to-day for to-morrow, and not to
+  venture all upon one throw.
+
+  The wicked are always ungrateful.
+
+  Necessity urges desperate measures.
+
+  SONNET.
+
+  Know'st thou, O love, the pangs that I sustain,
+    Or, cruel, dost thou view those pangs unmov'd?
+    Or has some hidden cause its influence proved,
+  By all this sad variety of pain?
+
+  Love is a god, then surely he must know,
+    And knowing, pity wretchedness like mine;
+  From other hands proceeds the fatal blow--
+    Is then the deed, unpitying Chloe, thine?
+
+  Ah, no! a form so exquisitely fair
+    A soul so merciless can ne'er enclose.
+    From Heaven's high will my fate resistless flows,
+  And I, submissive, must its vengeance bear.
+    Nought but a miracle my life can save,
+    And snatch its destined victim from the grave.
+
+  The devil is subtle, and lays stumbling-blocks in our way,
+  over which we fall without knowing how.
+
+  In all misfortunes the greatest consolation is a
+  sympathizing friend.
+
+  Riches are but of little avail against the ills inflicted by
+  the hand of Heaven.
+
+  He that buys and denies, his own purse belies.
+
+  Till you hedge in the sky, the starlings will fly.
+
+  If a painter would be famous in his art, he must endeavor to
+  copy after the originals of the most excellent masters; the
+  same rule is also applicable to all the other arts and
+  sciences which adorn the commonwealth; thus, whoever aspires
+  to a reputation for prudence and patience, must imitate
+  Ulysses, in whose person and toils Homer draws a lively
+  picture of those qualities; so also Virgil, in the
+  character of Æneas, delineates filial piety, courage, and
+  martial skill, being representations of not what they really
+  were, but of what they ought to be, in order to serve as
+  models of virtue to succeeding generations.
+
+  The absent feel and fear every ill.
+
+"I have heard say," quoth Sancho, "'from hell there is no retention.'"
+
+"I know not," said Don Quixote, "what retention means."
+
+"Retention," answered Sancho, "means that he who is once in hell never
+does, nor ever can, get out again. I must strip off all my armor, and
+remain as naked as I was born, if I should determine upon imitating
+Orlando, in my penance, instead of Amadis."
+
+While they were thus discoursing, they arrived at the foot of a high
+mountain, which stood separated from several others that surrounded it,
+as if it had been hewn out from them. Near its base ran a gentle stream,
+that watered a verdant and luxuriant vale, adorned with many
+wide-spreading trees, plants, and wild flowers of various hues. This was
+the spot in which the knight of the sorrowful figure chose to perform
+his penance; and, while contemplating the scene, he thus broke forth in
+a loud voice:--
+
+"This is the place, O ye heavens! which I select and appoint for
+bewailing the misfortune in which ye have involved me. This is the spot
+where my flowing tears shall increase the waters of this crystal stream,
+and my sighs, continual and deep, shall incessantly move the foliage of
+these lofty trees, in testimony and token of the pain my persecuted
+heart endures. O ye rural deities, whoever ye be, that inhabit these
+remote deserts, give ear to the complaints of an unhappy lover, whom
+long absence and some pangs of jealousy have driven to bewail himself
+among these rugged heights, and to complain of the cruelty of that
+ungrateful fair, the utmost extent and ultimate perfection of all human
+beauty! O ye wood-nymphs and dryads, who are accustomed to inhabit the
+dark recesses of the mountain groves (so may the nimble and lascivious
+satyrs, by whom ye are wooed in vain, never disturb your sweet repose),
+assist me to lament my hard fate, or at least be not weary of hearing my
+groans! O my Dulcinea del Toboso, light of my darkness, glory of my
+pain, the north-star of my travels, and overruling planet of my fortune
+(so may Heaven listen to all thy petitions), consider, I beseech thee,
+to what a condition thy absence hath reduced me, and reward me as my
+fidelity deserves! O ye solitary trees, who henceforth are to be the
+companions of my retirement, wave gently your branches, to indicate that
+my presence does not offend you! And, O thou my squire, agreeable
+companion in my prosperous and adverse fortunes, carefully imprint on
+thy memory what thou shalt see me here perform, that thou mayest recount
+and recite it to her who is the sole cause of all!"
+
+"There is no reason why you should threaten me," quoth Sancho, "for I am
+not a man to rob or murder anybody. Let every man's fate kill him, or
+God who made him. My master is doing a certain penance much to his
+liking in the midst of yon mountains."
+
+Don Quixote took out the pocket-book, and, stepping aside, began with
+much composure to write the letter; and having finished, he called
+Sancho and said he would read it to him that he might have it by heart,
+lest he might perchance lose it by the way, for everything was to be
+feared from his evil destiny. To which Sancho answered: "Write it, sir,
+two or three times in the book, and give it me, and I will take good
+care of it; but to suppose that I can carry it in my memory is a folly,
+for mine is so bad that I often forget my own name. Your worship,
+however, may read it to me. I shall be glad to hear it, for it must
+needs be very much to the purpose."
+
+"Listen, then," said Don Quixote, "this is what I have written ":--
+
+
+DON QUIXOTE'S LETTER TO DULCINEA DEL TOBOSO.
+
+HIGH AND SOVEREIGN LADY:--He who is stabbed by the point of absence, and
+pierced by the arrows of love, O sweetest Dulcinea del Toboso, greets
+thee with wishes for that health which he enjoys not himself. If thy
+beauty despise me, if thy worth favor me not, and if thy disdain still
+pursue me, although inured to suffering, I shall ill support an
+affliction which is not only severe but lasting. My good squire Sancho
+will tell thee, O ungrateful fair and most beloved foe, to what a state
+I am reduced on thy account. If it be thy pleasure to relieve me, I am
+thine; if not, do what seemeth good to thee,--for by my death I shall
+at once appease thy cruelty and my own passion.
+
+Until death thine,
+THE KNIGHT OF THE SORROWFUL FIGURE.
+
+  One should not talk of halters in the house of the hanged.
+
+
+LINES DISCOVERED ON THE BARK OF A TREE, ADDRESSED TO DULCINEA DEL
+TOBOSO.
+
+  Ye lofty trees, with spreading arms,
+    The pride and shelter of the plain;
+  Ye humble shrubs and flowery charms,
+    Which here in springing glory reign!
+  If my complaints may pity move,
+  Hear the sad story of my love!
+    While with me here you pass your hours,
+  Should you grow faded with my cares,
+    I'll bribe you with refreshing showers;
+  You shall be watered with my tears.
+    Distant, though present in idea,
+    I mourn my absent Dulcinea
+                               Del Toboso.
+
+  Love's truest slave, despairing, chose
+    This lonely wild, this desert plain,
+  This silent witness of the woes
+    Which he, though guiltless, must sustain.
+  Unknowing why these pains he bears,
+  He groans, he raves, and he despairs.
+    With lingering fires Love racks my soul:
+  In vain I grieve, in vain lament;
+    Like tortured fiends I weep, I howl,
+  And burn, yet never can repent.
+    Distant, though present in idea,
+    I mourn my absent Dulcinea
+                               Del Toboso.
+
+  While I through Honor's thorny ways,
+    In search of distant glory rove,
+  Malignant fate my toil repays
+    With endless woes and hopeless love.
+  Thus I on barren rocks despair,
+  And curse my stars, yet bless my fair.
+    Love, armed with snakes, has left his dart,
+  And now does like a fury rave;
+    And scourge and sting on every part,
+  And into madness lash his slave.
+    Distant, though present in idea,
+    I mourn my absent Dulcinea
+                               Del Toboso.
+
+  When the stars are adverse, what is human power?
+
+  Who is there in the world that can boast of having fathomed
+  and thoroughly penetrated the intricate and ever-changing
+  nature of a woman?
+
+  What causes all my grief and pain?
+    Cruel disdain.
+  What aggravates my misery?
+    Accursed jealousy.
+  How has my soul its patience lost?
+    By tedious absence crossed.
+  Alas! no balsam can be found
+  To heal the grief of such a wound.
+  When absence, jealousy, and scorn
+  Have left me hopeless and forlorn.
+
+  What in my breast this grief could move?
+    Neglected love.
+  What doth my fond desires withstand?
+    Fate's cruel hand.
+  And what confirms my misery?
+    Heaven's fixed decree.
+  Ah me! my boding fears portend,
+  This strange disease my life will end:
+  For die I must, when three such foes,
+  Heaven, fate, and love, my bliss oppose.
+
+  My peace of mind, what can restore?
+    Death's welcome hour.
+  What gains love's joys most readily?
+    Fickle inconstancy.
+  Its pains what medicine can assuage?
+    Wild frenzy's rage.
+  'Tis therefore little wisdom, sure,
+  For such a grief to seek a cure,
+  That knows no better remedy
+  Than frenzy, death, inconstancy.
+
+The hour, the season, the solitude, the voice, and the skill of the
+singer, all conspired to impress the auditors with wonder and delight,
+and they remained for some time motionless, in expectation of hearing
+more; but, finding the silence continue, they resolved to see who it was
+who had sung so agreeably, and were again detained by the same voice
+regaling their ears with this sonnet:--
+
+  Friendship, thou hast with nimble flight
+  Exulting gained the empyreal height,
+  In heaven to dwell, while here below
+  Thy semblance reigns in mimic show;
+  From thence to earth, at thy behest,
+  Descends fair peace, celestial guest!
+  Beneath whose veil of shining hue
+  Deceit oft lurks, concealed from view.
+
+  Leave, friendship! leave thy heavenly seat,
+  Or strip thy livery off the cheat.
+  If still he wears thy borrowed smiles,
+  And still unwary truth beguiles,
+  Soon must this dark terrestrial ball
+  Into its first confusion fall.
+
+  What is sudden death to a protracted life of anguish?
+
+  "O heavens! have I then at last found a place which may
+  afford a secret grave for this wretched body? Yes, if the
+  silence of this rocky desert deceive me not, here I may die
+  in peace. Ah, woe is me! Here at least I may freely pour
+  forth my lamentations to Heaven, and shall be less wretched
+  than among men, from whom I should in vain seek counsel,
+  redress, or consolation."
+
+  One evil produces another, and misfortunes never come
+  singly.
+
+  O memory, thou mortal enemy of my repose! wherefore now
+  recall to me the incomparable beauty of that adored enemy of
+  mine! Were it not better, thou cruel faculty! to represent
+  to my imagination her conduct at that period--that moved by
+  so flagrant an injury, I may strive if not to avenge it, at
+  least to end this life of pain?
+
+  For no grievance can harass or drive the afflicted to such
+  extremity, while life remains, as to make them shut their
+  ears against that counsel which is given with the most
+  humane and benevolent intention.
+
+  Music lulls the disordered thoughts, and elevates the
+  dejected spirits.
+
+  All women, let them be never so homely, are pleased to hear
+  themselves celebrated for beauty.
+
+  The eyes of love or of idleness are like those of a lynx.
+
+  One mischance invites another, and the end of one misfortune
+  is often the beginning of a worse.
+
+  Among friends we ought not to stand upon trifles.
+
+  No man can command the first emotions of his passions.
+
+  Every new fault deserves a new penance.
+
+  Where is the wonder one devil should be like another?
+
+  Gifts are good after Easter.
+
+  A sparrow in the hand is worth more than a bustard on the
+  wing.
+
+  He that will not when he may, when he would he shall have
+  nay.
+
+  Men may prove and use their friends, and not presume upon
+  their friendship in things contrary to the decrees of
+  Heaven.
+
+  A man dishonored is worse than dead.
+
+"I have heard it preached," quoth Sancho, "that God is to be loved with
+this kind of love, for Himself alone, without our being moved to it by
+hope of reward or fear of punishment; though, for my part, I am inclined
+to love and serve Him for what He is able to do for me."
+
+"The devil take thee for a bumpkin," said Don Quixote; "thou sayest ever
+and anon such apt things that one would almost think thee a scholar."
+
+"And yet, by my faith," quoth Sancho, "I cannot so much as read."
+
+  Squires and knight-errants are subject to much hunger and
+  ill-luck.
+
+  A man on whom Heaven has bestowed a beautiful wife should be
+  as cautious respecting the friends he introduces at home as
+  to her female acquaintance abroad.
+
+  If from equal parts we take equal parts, those that remain
+  are equal.
+
+  To attempt voluntarily that which must be productive of evil
+  rather than good, is madness and folly. Difficult works are
+  undertaken for the sake of Heaven, or of the world, or both:
+  the first are such as are performed by the saints while they
+  endeavor to live the life of angels in their human frames;
+  such as are performed for love of the world are encountered
+  by those who navigate the boundless ocean, traverse
+  different countries and various climates to acquire what are
+  called the goods of fortune. Those who assail hazardous
+  enterprises for the sake of both God and man are brave
+  soldiers, who no sooner perceive in the enemy's wall a
+  breach made by a single cannon-ball, than, regardless of
+  danger and full of zeal in the defence of their faith, their
+  country, and their king, they rush where death in a thousand
+  shapes awaits them. These are difficulties commonly
+  attempted, and, though perilous, are glorious and
+  profitable.
+
+
+  TEARS OF ST. PETER.
+
+  Shame, grief, remorse, in Peter's breast increase,
+    Soon as the blushing morn his crime betrays;
+  When most unseen, then most himself he sees,
+    And with due horror all his soul surveys.
+  For a great spirit needs no censuring eyes
+    To wound his soul, when conscious of a fault;
+  But, self-condemn'd, and e'en self-punished, lies,
+    And dreads no witness like upbraiding Thought.
+
+
+  Expect not, therefore, by concealment, to banish sorrow;
+  for, even though you weep not openly, tears of blood will
+  flow from your heart. So wept that simple doctor, who,
+  according to the poet, would venture to make a trial of the
+  cup which the more prudent Rinaldo wisely declined doing;
+  and although this be a poetical fiction, there is a
+  concealed moral in it worthy to be observed and followed.
+
+  There is no jewel in the world so valuable as a chaste and
+  virtuous woman. The honor of women consists in the good
+  opinion of the world; and since that of your wife is
+  eminently good, why would you have it questioned? Woman, my
+  friend, is an imperfect creature; and, instead of laying
+  stumbling-blocks in her way, we should clear the path before
+  her, that she may readily attain that virtue which is
+  essential in her. Naturalists inform us that the ermine is a
+  little creature with extremely white fur, and that when the
+  hunters are in pursuit of it, they spread with mire all the
+  passes leading to its haunts, to which they then drive it,
+  knowing that it will submit to be taken rather than defile
+  itself. The virtuous and modest woman is an ermine, and her
+  character whiter than snow; and in order to preserve it, a
+  very different method must be taken from that which is used
+  with the ermine.
+
+  The reputation of a woman may also be compared to a mirror
+  of crystal, shining and bright, but liable to be sullied by
+  every breath that comes near it. The virtuous woman must be
+  treated like a relic--adored but not handled; she should be
+  guarded and prized, like a fine flower-garden, the beauty
+  and fragrance of which the owner allows others to enjoy only
+  at a distance, and through iron rails.
+
+  The devil, when he would entrap a cautious person, assumes
+  an angel form till he carries his point, when the cloven
+  foot appears.
+
+  He who builds on impossibilities should be denied the
+  privilege of any other foundation.
+
+  Hope is ever born with love.
+
+  Castles should not be left without governors, nor armies
+  without generals.
+
+  The passion of love is to be conquered by flight alone; it
+  is vain to contend with a power which, though human,
+  requires more than human strength to subdue.
+
+
+  SONNET.
+
+  In the dead silence of the peaceful night,
+    When others' cares are hushed in soft repose,
+    The sad account of my neglected woes
+  To conscious Heaven and Chloris I recite.
+  And when the sun, with his returning light,
+    Forth from the east his radiant journey goes,
+    With accents such as sorrow only knows,
+  My griefs to tell is all my poor delight.
+  And when bright Phoebus from his starry throne
+    Sends rays direct upon the parched soil,
+  Still in the mournful tale I persevere;
+    Returning night renews my sorrow's toil;
+  And though from morn to night I weep and moan,
+  Nor Heaven nor Chloris my complainings hear.
+
+
+  Are we to take all that enamored poets sing for truth?
+
+
+  SONNET.
+
+    Believe me, nymph, I feel th' impending blow,
+    And glory in the near approach of death;
+    For when thou see'st my corse devoid of breath,
+  My constancy and truth thou sure wilt know,
+  Welcome to me Oblivion's shade obscure!
+    Welcome the loss of fortune, life, and fame!
+    But thy loved features, and thy honored name,
+  Deep graven on my heart, shall still endure.
+  And these, as sacred relics, will I keep
+    Till that sad moment when to endless night
+    My long-tormented soul shall take her flight
+  Alas for him who on the darkened deep
+    Floats idly, sport of the tempestuous tide,
+    No port to shield him, and no star to guide!
+
+
+  He who gives freely gives twice.
+
+  That which is lightly gained is little valued.
+
+  For love sometimes flies and sometimes walks--runs with one
+  person, and goes leisurely with another: some he warms, and
+  some he burns; some he wounds, and others he kills: in one
+  and the same instant he forms and accomplishes his projects.
+  He often in the morning lays siege to a fortress which in
+  the evening surrenders to him--for no force is able to
+  resist him.
+
+  Heaven always favors the honest purpose.
+
+  Rank is not essential in a wife.
+
+  True nobility consists in virtue.
+
+  It is no derogation to rank to elevate beauty adorned with
+  virtue.
+
+  Time will discover.
+
+
+"Certainly, gentlemen, if we rightly consider it, those who make
+knight-errantry their profession often meet with surprising and most
+stupendous adventures. For what mortal in the world, at this time
+entering within this castle, and seeing us sit together as we do, will
+imagine and believe us to be the same persons which in reality we are?
+Who is there that can judge that this lady by my side is the great queen
+we all know her to be, and that I am that Knight of the Sorrowful Figure
+so universally made known by fame? It is, then, no longer to be doubted
+but that this exercise and profession surpasses all others that have
+been invented by man, and is so much the more honorable as it is more
+exposed to dangers. Let none presume to tell me that the pen is
+preferable to the sword. This may be ascertained by regarding the end
+and object each of them aims at; for that intention is to be most valued
+which makes the noblest end its object. The scope and end of learning, I
+mean human learning (in this place I speak not of divinity, whose aim is
+to guide souls to Heaven, for no other can equal a design so infinite as
+that), is to give a perfection to distribute justice, bestowing upon
+every one his due, and to procure and cause good laws to be observed; an
+end really generous, great, and worthy of high commendation, but yet not
+equal to that which knight-errantry tends to, whose object and end is
+peace, which is the greatest blessing man can wish for in this life.
+And, therefore, the first good news that the world received was that
+which the angels brought in the night--the beginning of our day--when
+they sang in the air, 'Glory to God on high, peace on earth, and to men
+good-will.' And the only manner of salutation taught by our great Master
+to His friends and favorites was, that entering any house they should
+say, 'Peace be to this house.' And at other times He said to them, 'My
+peace I give to you,' 'My peace I leave to you,' 'Peace be among you.' A
+jewel and legacy worthy of such a donor, a jewel so precious that
+without it there can be no happiness either in earth or heaven. This
+peace is the true end of war; for arms and war are one and the same
+thing. Allowing, then, this truth, that the end of war is peace, and
+that in this it excels the end of learning, let us now weigh the bodily
+labors the scholar undergoes against those the warrior suffers, and then
+see which are the greatest.
+
+"These, then, I say, are the sufferings and hardships a scholar endures.
+First, poverty (not that they are all poor, but to urge the worst that
+may be in this case); and having said he endures poverty, methinks
+nothing more need be urged to express his misery; for he that is poor
+enjoys no happiness, but labors under this poverty in all its parts, at
+one time in hunger, at another in cold, another in nakedness, and
+sometimes in all of them together; yet his poverty is not so great, but
+still he eats, though it be later than the usual hour, and of the scraps
+of the rich; neither can the scholar miss of somebody's stove or
+fireside to sit by; where, though he be not thoroughly heated, yet he
+may gather warmth, and at last sleep away the night under a roof. I will
+not touch upon other less material circumstances, as the want of linen,
+and scarcity of shoes, thinness and baldness of their clothes, and their
+surfeiting when good fortune throws a feast in their way; this is the
+difficult and uncouth path they tread, often stumbling and falling, yet
+rising again and pushing on, till they attain the preferment they aim
+at; whither being arrived, we have seen many of them, who, having been
+carried by a fortunate gale through all these quick-sands, from a chair
+govern the world; their hunger being changed into satiety, their cold
+into comfortable warmth, their nakedness into magnificence of apparel,
+and the mats they used to lie upon, into stately beds of costly silks
+and softest linen, a reward due to their virtue. But yet their
+sufferings, being compared to those the soldier endures, appear much
+inferior, as I shall in the next place make out."
+
+Don Quixote, after a short pause, continued his discourse thus:--"Since,
+in speaking of the scholar, we began with his poverty and its several
+branches, let us see whether the soldier be richer. We shall find that
+poverty itself is not more poor: for he depends on his wretched pay,
+which comes late, and sometimes never; or upon what he can pillage, at
+the imminent risk of his life and conscience. Such often is his
+nakedness that his slashed buff-doublet serves him both for finery and
+shirt; and in the midst of winter, on the open plain, he has nothing to
+warm him but the breath of his mouth, which, issuing from an empty
+place, must needs be cold. But let us wait, and see whether night will
+make amends for these inconveniences: if his bed be too narrow it is his
+own fault, for he may measure out as many feet of earth as he pleases,
+and roll himself thereon at pleasure without fear of rumpling the
+sheets. Suppose the moment arrived of taking his degree--I mean,
+suppose-the day of battle come: his doctoral cap may then be of lint, to
+cover some gun-shot wound, which perhaps has gone through his temples,
+or deprived him of an arm or leg.
+
+"And even suppose that Heaven in its mercy should preserve him alive and
+unhurt, he will probably remain as poor as ever; for he must be engaged
+and victorious in many battles before he can expect high promotion; and
+such good fortune happens only by a miracle: for you will allow,
+gentlemen, that few are the number of those that have reaped the reward
+of their services, compared with those who have perished in war. The
+dead are countless; whereas those who survived to be rewarded may be
+numbered with three figures. Not so with scholars, who by their salaries
+(I will not say their perquisites) are generally handsomely provided
+for. Thus the labors of the soldier are greater, although his reward is
+less. It may be said in answer to this, that it is easier to reward two
+thousand scholars than thirty thousand soldiers: for scholars are
+rewarded by employments which must of course be given to men of their
+profession; whereas the soldier can only be rewarded by the property of
+the master whom, he serves; and this defence serves to strengthen my
+argument.
+
+"But, waiving this point, let us consider the comparative claims to
+pre-eminence: for the partisans of each can bring powerful arguments in
+support of their own cause. It is said in favor of letters that without
+them arms could not subsist; for war must have its laws, and laws come
+within the province of the learned. But it may be alleged in reply, that
+arms are necessary to the maintenance of law; by arms the public roads
+are protected, cities guarded, states defended, kingdoms preserved, and
+the seas cleared of corsairs and pirates. In short, without arms there
+would be no safety for cities, commonwealths or kingdoms. Besides, it is
+just to estimate a pursuit in proportion to the cost of its attainment.
+Now it is true that eminence in learning is purchased by time, watching,
+hunger, nakedness, vertigo, indigestion, and many other inconveniences
+already mentioned; but a man who rises gradually to be a good soldier
+endures all these, and far more. What is the hunger and poverty which
+menace the man of letters compared with the situation of the soldier,
+who, besieged in some fortress, and placed as sentinel in some ravelin
+or _cavalier_, perceives that the enemy is mining toward the place where
+he stands, and yet he must on no account stir from his post or shun the
+imminent danger that threatens him? All that he can do in such a case is
+to give notice to his officer of what passes, that he may endeavor to
+counteract it; in the meantime he must stand his ground, in momentary
+expectation of being mounted to the clouds without wings, and then
+dashed headlong to the earth. And if this be thought but a trifling
+danger, let us see whether it be equalled or exceeded by the encounter
+of two galleys, prow to prow, in the midst of the white sea, locked and
+grappled together, so that there is no more room left for the soldier
+than the two-foot plank at the break-head; and though he sees as many
+threatening ministers of death before him as there are pieces of
+artillery pointed at him from the opposite side, not the length of a
+lance from his body; though he knows that the first slip of his foot
+sends him to the bottom of the sea; yet, with an undaunted heart,
+inspired by honor, he exposes himself as a mark to all their fire, and
+endeavors by that narrow pass to force his way into the enemy's vessel!
+And, what is most worthy of admiration, no sooner is one fallen, never,
+to rise again in this world, than another takes his place; and if he
+also fall into the sea, which lies in wait to devour him, another and
+another succeeds without intermission! In all the extremities of war
+there is no example of courage and intrepidity to exceed this. Happy
+those ages which knew not the dreadful fury of artillery!--those
+instruments of hell (where, I verily believe, the inventor is now
+receiving the reward of his diabolical ingenuity), by means of which the
+cowardly and the base can deprive the bravest soldier of life. While a
+gallant spirit animated with heroic ardor is pressing to glory, comes a
+chance ball, sent by one who perhaps fled in alarm at the flash of his
+own accursed weapon, and in an instant cuts short the life of him who
+deserved to live for ages! When I consider this, I could almost repent
+having undertaken this profession of knight-errantry in so detestable an
+age; for though no danger can daunt me, still it gives me some concern
+to think that powder and lead may suddenly cut short my career of glory.
+But Heaven's will be done! I have this satisfaction, that I shall
+acquire the greater fame if I succeed, inasmuch as the perils by which I
+am beset are greater than those to which the knights-errant of past ages
+were exposed."
+
+
+  The army is a school in which the miser becomes generous,
+  and the generous prodigal.
+
+  A covetous soldier is a monster which is rarely seen.
+
+  Liberality may be carried too far in those who have children
+  to inherit from them.
+
+  How seldom promises made in slavery are remembered after a
+  release from bondage.
+
+  Good fortune seldom comes pure and single, unattended by
+  some troublesome or unexpected circumstance.
+
+  Though we love the treason we abhor the traitor.
+
+  What transport in life can equal that which a man feels on
+  the restoration of his liberty?
+
+  "The church, the court, or the sea;" as if it more fully
+  expressed the following advice,--He that would make his
+  fortune, ought either to dedicate his time to the church, go
+  to sea as a merchant, or attach himself to the court: for it
+  is commonly observed, that "the king's crumb is worth the
+  baron's batch."[5]
+
+
+  SONNET UPON THE GOLETA.
+
+  O happy souls, by death at length set free
+  From the dark prison of mortality,
+  By glorious deeds, whose memory never dies--
+  From earth's dim spot exalted to the skies!
+  What fury stood in every eye confessed!
+  What generous ardor fired each manly breast,
+  While slaughtered heaps distained the sandy shore,
+  And the tinged ocean blushed with hostile gore!
+  O'erpowered by numbers, gloriously ye fell:
+  Death only could such matchless courage quell;
+  Whilst dying thus ye triumphed o'er your foes--
+  Its fame the world, its glory heaven, bestows!
+
+
+  SONNET ON THE FORT.
+
+  From 'midst these walls, whose ruins spread around,
+  And scattered clods that heap the ensanguined ground,
+  Three thousand souls of warriors, dead in fight,
+  To better regions took their happy flight.
+  Long with unconquered souls they bravely stood,
+  And fearless shed their unavailing blood:
+  Till, to superior force compelled to yield,
+  Their lives they quitted in the well-fought field.
+  This fatal soil has ever been the tomb
+  Of slaughtered heroes, buried in its womb:
+  Yet braver bodies did it ne'er sustain,
+  Nor send more glorious soul the skies to gain.
+
+
+  I.
+
+  Tossed in a sea of doubts and fears,
+    Love's hapless mariner, I sail,
+  Where no inviting port appears,
+    To screen me from the stormy gale.
+
+  II.
+
+  At distance viewed, a cheering star
+    Conducts me through the swelling tide;
+  A brighter luminary, far,
+    Than Palinurus o'er descried.
+
+  III.
+
+  My soul, attracted by its blaze,
+    Still follows where it points the way,
+  And while attentively I gaze,
+    Considers not how far I stray.
+
+  IV.
+
+  But female pride, reserved and shy,
+    Like clouds that deepen on the day,
+  Oft shroud it from my longing eye,
+    When most I need the genial ray.
+
+  V.
+
+  O lovely star, so pure and bright!
+    Whose splendor feeds my vital fire,
+  The moment thou deny'st thy light,
+    Thy lost adorer will expire!
+
+
+  SONG.
+
+  Unconquered hope, thou bane of fear,
+    And last deserter of the brave,
+  Thou soothing ease of mortal care,
+    Thou traveller beyond the grave;
+  Thou soul of patience, airy food,
+  Bold warrant of a distant good,
+    Reviving cordial, kind decoy;
+  Though fortune frowns and friends depart,
+    Though Silvia flies me, flattering joy,
+  Nor thou, nor love, shall leave my doting heart.
+
+  No slave, to lazy ease resigned,
+    E'er triumphed over noble foes;
+  The monarch fortune most is kind
+    To him who bravely dares oppose.
+  They say, Love rates his blessing high,
+  But who would prize an easy joy?
+    My scornful fair then I'll pursue,
+  Though the coy beauty still denies;
+    I grovel now on earth, 'tis true,
+  But, raised by her, the humble slave may rise.
+
+
+  Might overcomes.
+
+  Him to whom God giveth may St. Peter bless.
+
+  Diligence is the mother of success, and in many important
+  causes experience hath shown that the assiduity of the
+  solicitor hath brought a very doubtful suit to a very
+  fortunate issue; but the truth of this maxim is nowhere more
+  evinced than in war, where activity and despatch anticipate
+  the designs of the enemy, and obtain the victory before he
+  has time to put himself in a posture of defence.
+
+  The common adage that delays are dangerous acts as spurs
+  upon the resolution.
+
+  There are more tricks in the town than are dreamt of.
+
+  Virtue is always more persecuted by the wicked than beloved
+  by the righteous.
+
+  Virtue is so powerful that of herself she will, in spite of
+  all the necromancy possessed by the first inventor,
+  Zoroaster, come off conqueror in every severe trial, and
+  shine refulgent in the world, as the sun shines in the
+  heavens.
+
+  Fables should not be composed to outrage the understanding;
+  but by making the wonderful appear possible, and creating in
+  the mind a pleasing interest, they may both surprise and
+  entertain; which cannot be effected where no regard is paid
+  to probability. I have never yet found a regular,
+  well-connected fable in any of our books of chivalry--they
+  are all inconsistent and monstrous; the style is generally
+  bad; and they abound with incredible exploits, lascivious
+  amours, absurd sentiment, and miraculous adventures; in
+  short, they should be banished every Christian country.
+
+  Just are virtue's fears where envy domineers.
+
+  Bounty will not stay where niggards bear the sway.
+
+  Fortune turns faster than a mill-wheel, and those who were
+  yesterday at top, may find themselves at bottom to-day.
+
+  Every one is the son of his own works.
+
+  The mind receives pleasure from the beauty and consistency
+  of what is presented to the imagination, not from that which
+  is incongruous and unnatural.
+
+  Fiction is always the better the nearer it resembles truth,
+  and agreeable in proportion to the probability it bears and
+  the doubtful credit which it inspires. Wherefore, all such
+  fables ought to be suited to the understanding of those who
+  read them, and written so as that, by softening
+  impossibilities, smoothing what is rough, and keeping the
+  mind in suspense, they may surprise, agreeably perplex, and
+  entertain, creating equal admiration and delight; and these
+  never can be excited by authors who forsake probability and
+  imitation, in which the perfection of writing consists.
+
+  Epics may be written in prose as well as verse.
+
+  To assert that there never was an Amadis in the world, nor
+  any other of the knights-adventurers of whom so many records
+  remain, is to say that the sun does not enlighten, the frost
+  produce cold, nor the earth yield sustenance.
+
+  The approbation of the judicious few should far outweigh
+  the censure of the ignorant.
+
+  An author had better be applauded by the few that are wise,
+  than laughed at by the many that are foolish.
+
+  Our modern plays, not only those which are formed upon
+  fiction, but likewise such as are founded on the truth of
+  history, are all, or the greatest part, universally known to
+  be monstrous productions, without either head or tail, and
+  yet received with pleasure by the multitude, who approve and
+  esteem them as excellent performances, though they are far
+  from deserving that title; and if the authors who compose,
+  and the actors who represent them, affirm that this and no
+  other method is to be practised, because the multitude must
+  be pleased; that those which bear the marks of contrivance,
+  and produce a fable digested according to the rules of art,
+  serve only for entertainment to four or five people of
+  taste, who discern the beauties of the plan, which utterly
+  escape the rest of the audience; and that it is better for
+  them to gain a comfortable livelihood by the many, than
+  starve upon reputation with the few; at this rate, said I,
+  if I should finish my book, after having scorched every hair
+  in my whiskers in poring over it, to preserve those rules
+  and precepts already mentioned, I might fare at last like
+  the sagacious botcher, who sewed for nothing and found his
+  customers in thread.
+
+  It is not a sufficient excuse to say that the object in
+  permitting theatrical exhibitions being chiefly to provide
+  innocent recreation for the people, it is unnecessary to
+  limit and restrain the dramatic author within strict rules
+  of composition; for I affirm that the same object is, beyond
+  all comparison, more effectually attained by legitimate
+  works. The spectator of a good drama is amused, admonished,
+  and improved by what is diverting, affecting, and moral in
+  the representation; he is cautioned against deceit,
+  corrected by example, incensed against vice, stimulated to
+  the love of virtue.
+
+  Comedy, according to Tully, ought to be the mirror of life,
+  the exemplar of manners, and picture of truth; whereas those
+  that are represented in this age are mirrors of absurdity,
+  exemplars of folly, and pictures of lewdness; for sure,
+  nothing can be more absurd in a dramatic performance, than
+  to see the person, who, in the first scene of the first
+  act, was produced a child in swaddling-clothes, appear a
+  full-grown man with a beard in the second; or to represent
+  an old man active and valiant, a young soldier cowardly, a
+  footman eloquent, a page a counsellor, a king a porter, and
+  a princess a scullion. Then what shall we say concerning
+  their management of the time and place in which the actions
+  have, or may be supposed to have happened? I have seen a
+  comedy, the first act of which was laid in Europe, the
+  second in Asia, and the third was finished in Africa; nay,
+  had there been a fourth, the scene would have shifted to
+  America, so that the fable would have travelled through all
+  the four divisions of the globe. If imitation be the chief
+  aim of comedy, how can any ordinary understanding be
+  satisfied with seeing an action that passed in the time of
+  King Pepin and Charlemagne, ascribed to the Emperor
+  Heraclius, who, being the principal personage, is
+  represented, like Godfrey of Boulogne, carrying the cross
+  into Jerusalem, and making himself master of the holy
+  sepulchre, an infinite number of years having passed between
+  the one and the other? Or, when a comedy is founded upon
+  fiction, to see scraps of real history introduced, and facts
+  misrepresented both with regard to persons and times, not
+  with any ingenuity of contrivance, but with the most
+  manifest and inexcusable errors and stupidity; and what is
+  worst of all, there is a set of ignorant pretenders who call
+  this the perfection of writing, and that every attempt to
+  succeed by a contrary method is no other than a wild-goose
+  chase.
+
+  The bow cannot remain always bent; and relaxation, both of
+  body and mind, is indispensable to all.
+
+  Can you deny what is in everybody's mouth, when a person is
+  in the dumps? It is always then said, "I know not what such
+  a one ails--he neither eats, nor drinks, nor sleeps, nor
+  answers to the purpose, like other men--surely he is
+  enchanted." Wherefore, it is clear that such, and such only,
+  are enchanted who neither eat, nor drink, nor sleep, and not
+  they who eat and drink when they can get it, and answer
+  properly to all that is asked them.
+
+  The poor man is unable to exercise the virtue of liberality;
+  and the gratitude which consists only in inclination is a
+  dead thing, even as faith without works is dead. I shall,
+  therefore, rejoice when fortune presents me with an
+  opportunity of exalting myself, that I may show my heart in
+  conferring benefits on my friends, especially on poor Sancho
+  Panza here, my squire, who is one of the best men in the
+  world; and I would fain bestow on him an earldom, as I have
+  long since promised; although I am somewhat in doubt of his
+  ability in the government of his estate.
+
+
+Sancho, overhearing his master's last words, said: "Take you the
+trouble, Signor Don Quixote, to procure me that same earldom, which your
+worship has so often promised, and I have been so long waiting for, and
+you shall see that I shall not want ability to govern it. But even if I
+should, there are people, I have heard say, who farm these lordships;
+and paying the owners so much a year, take upon themselves the
+government of the whole, while his lordship lolls at his ease, enjoying
+his estate, without concerning himself any further about it. Just so
+will I do, and give myself no more trouble than needs mast, but enjoy
+myself like any duke, and let the world rub."
+
+"This, brother Sancho," said the canon, "may be done, as far as regards
+the management of your revenue; but the administration of justice must
+be attended to by the lord himself, and requires capacity, judgment,
+and, above all, an upright intention, without which nothing prospers;
+for Heaven assists the good intent of the simple, and disappoints the
+evil designs of the cunning."
+
+"I do not understand these philosophies," answered Sancho; "all that I
+know is, that I wish I may as surely have the earldom as I should know
+how to govern it; for I have as large a soul as another, and as large a
+body as the best of them; and I should be as much king of my own
+dominion as any other king; would do what I pleased; and, doing what I
+pleased, I should have my will; and having my will, I should be
+contented; and, being content, there is no more to be desired; and when
+there is no more to desire, there is an end of it."
+
+"These are no bad philosophies, as you say, Sancho," quoth the canon;
+"nevertheless, there is a great deal more to be said upon the subject of
+earldoms."
+
+"That may be," observed Don Quixote; "but I am guided by the numerous
+examples offered on this subject by knights of my own profession; who,
+in compensation for the loyal and signal services they had received from
+their squires, conferred upon them extraordinary favors, making them
+absolute lords of cities and islands: indeed, there was one whose
+services were so great that he had the presumption to accept of a
+kingdom. But why should I say more, when before me is the bright example
+of the great Amadis de Gaul, who made his squire knight of the Firm
+Island? Surely I may, therefore, without scruple of conscience, make an
+earl of Sancho Panza, who is one of the best squires that ever served
+knight-errant."
+
+The mountains breed learned men, and the cottages of shepherds contain
+philosophers.
+
+Upon the news of Don Quixote's arrival, Sancho Panza's wife repaired
+thither, and on meeting him, her first inquiry was whether the ass had
+come home well.
+
+Sancho told her that he was in a better condition than his master.
+
+"The Lord be praised," replied she, "for so great a mercy to me! But
+tell me, husband, what good have you got by your squireship? Have you
+brought a petticoat home for me, and shoes for your children?"
+
+"I have brought you nothing of that sort, dear wife," quoth Sancho; "but
+I have got other things of greater consequence."
+
+"I am very glad of that," answered the wife, "pray show me your things
+of greater consequence, friend; for I would fain see them, to gladden my
+heart, which has been so sad, all the long time you have been away."
+
+"You shall see them at home, wife," quoth Sancho, "and be satisfied at
+present; for if it please God that we make another sally in quest of
+adventures, you will soon see me an earl or governor of an island, and
+no common one either, but one of the best that is to be had."
+
+"Grant Heaven it may be so, husband," quoth the wife, "for we have need
+enough of it. But pray tell me what you mean by islands; for I do not
+understand you."
+
+"Honey is not for the mouth of an ass," answered Sancho: "in good time,
+wife, you shall see, yea, and admire to hear yourself styled ladyship by
+all your vassals."
+
+"What do you mean, Sancho, by ladyship, islands, and vassals?" answered
+Teresa Panza; for that was Sancho's wife's name, though they were not of
+kin, but because it is the custom in La Mancha for the wife to take the
+husband's name.
+
+"Be not in so much haste, Teresa, to know all this," said Sancho; "let
+it suffice that I tell you the truth, and sew up your mouth. But for the
+present know that there is nothing in the world so pleasant to an honest
+man, as to be squire to a knight-errant, and seeker of adventures. It is
+true indeed, most of them are not so much to a man's mind as he could
+wish; for ninety-nine of a hundred one meets with fall out cross and
+unlucky. This I know by experience; for I have sometimes come off tossed
+in a blanket, and sometimes well cudgelled. Yet, for all that, it is a
+fine thing to be in expectation of accidents, traversing mountains,
+searching woods, marching over rocks, visiting castles, lodging in inns,
+all at discretion, and the devil a farthing to pay."
+
+Fame has preserved in the memoirs of La Mancha, that Don Quixote, the
+third time he sallied from home, went to Saragossa, where he was present
+at a famous tournament in that city, and that there befell him things
+worthy of his valor and good understanding. Nor would the chronicler
+have learned any thing concerning his death had he not fortunately
+become acquainted with an aged physician, who had in his custody a
+leaden box, found, as he said, under the ruins of an ancient hermitage
+then rebuilding: in which box was found a manuscript of parchment
+written in Gothic characters, but in Castilian verse, containing many of
+his exploits, and giving an account of the beauty of Dulcinea del
+Toboso, the figure of Rozinante, the fidelity of Sancho Panza, and the
+burial of Don Quixote himself, with several epitaphs and eulogies on his
+life and manners. All that could be read, and perfectly made out, were
+those inserted here by the faithful author of this strange and
+never-before-seen history; which author desires no other reward from
+those who shall read it, in recompense of the vast pains it has cost him
+to inquire into and search all the archives of La Mancha to bring it to
+light, but that they would afford him the same credit that ingenious
+people give to books of knight-errantry, which are so well received in
+the world; and herewith he will reckon himself well paid, and will rest
+satisfied; and will moreover be encouraged to seek and find out others,
+if not as true, at least of as much invention and entertainment. The
+first words, written in the parchment which was found in the leaden box,
+were these:--
+
+
+             THE ACADEMICIANS OF ARGAMASILLA,
+                  A TOWN OF LA MANCHA,
+           ON THE LIFE AND DEATH OF THE VALOROUS
+                DON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHA,
+                   HOC SCRIPSERUNT.
+
+
+_Monicongo, Academician of Argamasilla, on the Sepulture of
+                     Don Quixote._
+
+  EPITAPH.
+
+  La Mancha's thunderbolt of war,
+    The sharpest wit and loftiest muse,
+  The arm which from Gaëta far
+    To Catai did its force diffuse;
+  He who, through love and valor's fire,
+    Outstripped great Amadis's fame
+  Bid warlike Galaor retire,
+    And silenced Belianis' name:
+  He who, with helmet, sword, and shield,
+    On Rozinante, steed well known,
+  Adventures fought in many a field,
+    Lies underneath this frozen stone.
+
+
+_Paniaguado, Academician of Argamasilla, in praise of Dulcinea
+                       Del Toboso._
+
+  SONNET.
+
+  She whom you see the plump and lusty dame,
+    With high erected chest and vigorous mien,
+  Was erst th' enamored knight Don Quixote's flame,
+    The fair Dulcinea, of Toboso, queen.
+
+  For her, armed cap-à-pie with sword and shield,
+    He trod the sable mountain o'er and o'er;
+  For her he traversed Montiel's well-known field,
+    And in her service toils unnumbered bore.
+  Hard fate! that death should crop so fine a flower!
+  And love o'er such a knight exert his tyrant power!
+
+
+_Caprichoso, a most ingenious Academician of Argamasilla, in
+          praise of Don Quixote's Horse Rozinante._
+
+  SONNET.
+
+    On the aspiring adamantine trunk
+  Of a huge tree, whose root, with slaughter drunk
+  Sends forth a scent of war, La Mancha's knight,
+  Frantic with valor, and returned from fight,
+  His bloody standard trembling in the air,
+  Hangs up his glittering armor beaming far,
+  With that fine-tempered steel whose edge o'erthrows,
+  Hacks, hews, confounds, and routs opposing foes.
+  Unheard-of prowess! and unheard-of verse!
+  But art new strains invents, new glories to rehearse.
+
+    If Amadis to Grecia gives renown,
+  Much more her chief does fierce Bellona crown.
+  Prizing La Mancha more than Gaul or Greece,
+  As Quixote triumphs over Amadis.
+  Oblivion ne'er shall shroud his glorious name,
+  Whose very horse stands up to challenge fame!
+  Illustrious Rozinante, wondrous steed!
+  Not with more generous pride or mettled speed,
+  His rider erst Rinaldo's Bayard bore,
+  Or his mad lord, Orlando's Brilladore.
+
+
+_Burlador, the little Academician of Argamasilla, on Sancho Panza._
+
+  SONNET.
+
+  See Sancho Panza, view him well,
+  And let this verse his praises tell.
+  His body was but small, 'tis true,
+  Yet had a soul as large as two.
+  No guile he knew, like some before him
+  But simple as his mother bore him.
+  This gentle squire on gentle ass
+  Went gentle Rozinante's pace,
+  Following his lord from place to place.
+  To be an earl he did aspire,
+  And reason good for such desire;
+  But worth in these ungrateful times,
+  To envied honor seldom climbs.
+  Vain mortals! give your wishes o'er,
+  And trust the flatterer Hope no more,
+  Whose promises, whate'er they seem,
+  End in a shadow or a dream.
+
+
+_Cachidiablo, Academician of Argamasilla, on the Sepulture of
+                      Don Quixote._
+
+  EPITAPH.
+
+  Here lies an evil-errant knight,
+    Well bruised in many a fray,
+  Whose courser, Rozinante hight,
+    Long bore him many a way.
+
+  Close by his loving master's side
+    Lies booby Sancho Panza,
+  A trusty squire of courage tried,
+    And true as ever man saw.
+
+
+_Tiquitoc, Academician of Argamasilla, on the sepulture of Dulcinea
+                            del Toboso._
+
+  Dulcinea, fat and fleshy, lies
+    Beneath this frozen stone;
+  But, since to frightful death a prize,
+    Reduced to skin and bone.
+
+  Of goodly parentage she came,
+    And had the lady in her;
+  She was the great Don Quixote's flame,
+    But only death could win her.
+
+
+These were all the verses that could be read: the rest, the characters
+being worm-eaten, were consigned to one of the Academicians, to find out
+their meaning by conjectures. We are informed he has done it, after many
+lucubrations and much pains, and that he designs to publish them, giving
+us hopes of Don Quixote's third sally.
+
+ "Forsi altro cantara con miglior plectro."
+
+
+  The noble mind may be clouded by adversity, but cannot be
+  wholly concealed; for true merit shines by a light of its
+  own, and, glimmering through the rents and crannies of
+  indigence, is perceived, respected, and honored by the
+  generous and the great.
+
+
+A SHORT STORY OF WHAT HAPPENED ONCE IN SEVILLE.
+
+A certain man, being deranged in his intellects, was placed by his
+relations in the mad-house of Seville. He had taken his degrees in the
+canon law at Ossuna; but had it been at Salamanca, many are of opinion
+he would, nevertheless, have been mad. This graduate, after some years'
+confinement, took into his head that he was quite in his right senses,
+and therefore wrote to the archbishop, beseeching him, with great
+earnestness and apparently with much reason, that he would be pleased to
+deliver him from that miserable state of confinement in which he lived;
+since, through the mercy of God, he had regained his senses; adding that
+his relations, in order to enjoy part of his estate, kept him still
+there, and, in spite of the clearest evidence, would insist upon his
+being mad as long as he lived.
+
+The archbishop, prevailed upon by the many sensible epistles he received
+from him, sent one of his chaplains to the keeper of the mad-house to
+inquire into the truth of what the licentiate had alleged, and also to
+talk with him, and if it appeared that he was in his senses, to set him
+at liberty. The chaplain accordingly went to the rector, who assured him
+that the man was still insane, for though he sometimes talked very
+sensibly, it was seldom for any length of time without betraying his
+derangement; as he would certainly find on conversing with him. The
+chaplain determined to make the trial, and during the conversation of
+more than an hour, could perceive no symptom of incoherence in his
+discourse; on the contrary, he spoke with so much sedateness and
+judgment that the chaplain could not entertain a doubt of the sanity of
+his intellects. Among other things he assured him that the keeper was
+bribed by his relations to persist in reporting him to be deranged; so
+that his large estate was his great misfortune, to enjoy which his
+enemies had recourse to fraud, and pretended to doubt of the mercy of
+Heaven in restoring him from the condition of a brute to that of a man.
+In short, he talked so plausibly that he made the rector appear venal
+and corrupt, his relations unnatural, and himself so discreet that the
+chaplain determined to take him immediately to the archbishop, that he
+might be satisfied he had done right.
+
+With this resolution the good chaplain desired the keeper of the house
+to restore to him the clothes which he wore when he was first put under
+his care. The keeper again desired him to beware what he did, since he
+might be assured that the licentiate was still insane; but the chaplain
+was not to be moved either by his cautions or entreaties; and as he
+acted by order of the archbishop, the keeper was compelled to obey him.
+The licentiate put on his new clothes, and now, finding himself rid of
+his lunatic attire, and habited like a rational creature, he entreated
+the chaplain, for charity's sake, to permit him to take leave of his
+late companions in affliction. Being desirous of seeing the lunatics
+who were confined in that house, the chaplain, with several other
+persons, followed him upstairs, and heard him accost a man who lay
+stretched in his cell outrageously mad; though just then composed and
+quiet. "Brother," said he to him, "have you any commands for me? for I
+am going to return to my own house, God having been pleased, of His
+infinite goodness and mercy, without any desert of mine, to restore me
+to my senses. I am now sound and well, for with God nothing is
+impossible; put your whole trust and confidence in Him, and he will
+doubtless restore you also. I will take care to send you some choice
+food; and fail not to eat it: for I have reason to believe, from my own
+experience, that all our distraction proceeds from empty stomachs, and
+brains filled with wind. Take heart, then, my friend, take heart; for
+despondence under misfortune impairs our health, and hastens our death."
+
+This discourse was overheard by another madman, who was in an opposite
+cell; and raising himself up from an old mat, whereon he had thrown
+himself stark naked, he demanded aloud, who it was that was going away
+recovered and in his senses.
+
+"It is I, brother," answered the licentiate, "that am going; for I need
+stay no longer here, and am infinitely thankful to heaven for having
+bestowed so great a blessing upon me."
+
+"Take heed, licentiate, what you say, let not the devil delude you,"
+replied the madman; "stir not a foot, but keep where you are, and you
+will spare yourself the trouble of being brought back."
+
+"I know," replied the licentiate, "that I am perfectly well, and shall
+have no more occasion to visit the station churches."[6]
+
+"You well?" said the madman; "we shall soon see that; farewell! but I
+swear by Jupiter, whose majesty I represent on earth, that for this
+offence alone, which Seville is now committing, in carrying you out of
+this house, and judging you to be in your senses, I am determined to
+inflict such a signal punishment on this city, that the memory thereof
+shall endure for ever and ever, Amen. Know you not, little crazed
+licentiate, that I can do it, since, as I say, I am thundering Jupiter,
+who hold in my hands the flaming bolts, with which I can, and use, to
+threaten and destroy the world? But in one thing only will I chastise
+this ignorant people; and that is, there shall no rain fall on this
+town, or in all its district, for three whole years, reckoning from the
+day and hour in which this threatening is denounced. You at liberty, you
+recovered, and in your right senses! and I a madman, I distempered and
+in bonds! I will no more rain than I will hang myself."
+
+All the bystanders were very attentive to the madman's discourse: but
+our licentiate, turning himself to our chaplain, and holding him by both
+hands, said to him: "Be in no pain, good sir, nor make any account of
+what this madman has said; for, if he is Jupiter and will not rain, I,
+who am Neptune, the father and the god of the waters, will rain as
+often as I please, and whenever there shall be occasion." To which the
+chaplain answered: "However, signor Neptune, it will not be convenient
+at present to provoke signor Jupiter; therefore, pray stay where you
+are; for, some other time, when we have a better opportunity and more
+leisure, we will come for you." The rector and the bystanders laughed;
+which put the chaplain half out of countenance. They disrobed the
+licentiate, who remained where he was; and there is an end of the story.
+
+
+  True valor lies in the middle, between the extremes of
+  cowardice and rashness.
+
+  No padlocks, bolts, or bars can secure a maiden so well as
+  her own reserve.
+
+  Honey is not for the mouth of an ass.
+
+  He must be blind, indeed, who cannot see through a sieve.
+
+  Comparisons, whether as to sense, courage, beauty, or rank,
+  are always offensive.
+
+  Scruples of conscience afford no peace.
+
+  You have reckoned without your host.
+
+  When the head aches, all the members ache also.
+
+  _Me pondra en la espina de Santa Lucia_;--_i. e._, Will put
+  me on St. Lucia's thorn; applicable to any uneasy situation.
+
+  Let every man lay his hand upon his heart, and not take
+  white for black, nor black for white; for we are all as God
+  made us, and oftentimes a great deal worse.
+
+
+"First and foremost, then," said Sancho, "the common people take your
+worship for a downright madman, and me for no less a fool. The gentry
+say that, not content to keep to your own proper rank of a gentleman,
+you call yourself Don, and set up for a knight, with no more than a
+paltry vineyard and a couple of acres of land. The cavaliers say they do
+not choose to be vied with by those country squires who clout their
+shoes, and take up the fallen stitches of their black stockings with
+green silk."
+
+"That," said Don Quixote, "is no reflection upon me; for I always go
+well clad, and my apparel is never patched; a little torn it may be, but
+more by the fretting of my armor than by time."
+
+"As to your valor, courtesy, achievements, and undertakings," continued
+Sancho, "there are many different opinions. Some say you are mad, but
+humorous; others, valiant, but unfortunate; others, courteous, but
+absurd; and thus they pull us to pieces, till they leave neither your
+worship nor me a single feather upon our backs."
+
+"Take notice, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "that, when virtue exists in an
+eminent degree, it is always persecuted."
+
+"There cannot be a more legitimate source of gratification to a virtuous
+and distinguished man," said Don Quixote, "than to have his good name
+celebrated during his lifetime, and circulated over different nations; I
+say his good name, for if it were otherwise than good, death in any
+shape would be preferable."
+
+
+  To be represented otherwise than with approbation is worse
+  than the worst of deaths.
+
+  There are as many different opinions as there are different
+  tastes.
+
+  _Pedir cotufas en el golfo_, signifies to look for truffles
+  in the sea, a proverb applicable to those who are too
+  sanguine in their expectations and unreasonable in their
+  desires.
+
+  "There is no necessity for recording actions which are
+  prejudicial to the hero, without being essential to the
+  history. It is not to be supposed that Æneas was in all his
+  actions so pure as Virgil represents him, nor Ulysses so
+  uniformly prudent as he is described by Homer."
+
+
+"True," replied Sampson; "but it is one thing to write as a poet, and
+another to write as an historian. The poet may say or sing, not as
+things were, but as they ought to have been; but the historian must pen
+them not as they ought to have been, but as they really were, without
+adding to or diminishing aught from the truth."
+
+
+  There is no human history that, does not contain reverses of
+  fortune.
+
+  Let every man take care how he speaks or writes of honest
+  people, and not set down at a venture the first thing that
+  comes uppermost.
+
+
+"Sancho, thou art an arch rogue," replied Don Quixote, "and in faith,
+upon some occasions, hast no want of memory."
+
+"Though I wanted ever so much to forget what my poor body has suffered,"
+quoth Sancho, "the tokens that are still fresh on my ribs would not let
+me."
+
+"Peace, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and let signor bachelor proceed,
+that I may know what is further said of me in the history."
+
+"And of me too," quoth Sancho, "for I hear that I am one of the
+principal parsons in it."
+
+"Persons, not parsons, friend Sancho," quoth Sampson.
+
+"What, have we another corrector of words?" quoth Sancho; "if we are to
+go on at this rate, we shall make slow work of it."
+
+"As sure as I live, Sancho," answered the bachelor, "you are the second
+person of the history; nay, there are those who had rather hear you talk
+than the finest fellow of them all; though there are also some who
+charge you with being too credulous in expecting the government of that
+island promised you by Signor Don Quixote, here present."
+
+"There is still sunshine on the wall," quoth Don Quixote; "and when
+Sancho is more advanced in age, with the experience that years bestow,
+he will be better qualified to be a governor than he is at present."
+
+"'Fore Gad! sir," quoth Sancho, "if I am not fit to govern an island at
+these years, I shall be no better, able at the age of Methusalem. The
+mischief of it is, that the said island sticks somewhere else, and not
+in my want of a headpiece to govern it."
+
+"Recommend the matter to God, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and all will
+be well--perhaps better than thou mayst think; for not a leaf stirs on
+the tree without his permission."
+
+"That is very true," quoth Sampson; "and if it please God, Sancho will
+not want a thousand islands to govern, much less one."
+
+"I have seen governors ere now," quoth Sancho, "who, in my opinion, do
+not come up to the sole of my shoe; and yet they are called 'your
+lordship,' and eat their victuals upon plate."
+
+
+  With hay or with straw it is all the same.
+
+  Much knowledge and a mature understanding are requisite for
+  an historian.
+
+  Wit and humor belong to genius alone.
+
+  The wittiest person in the comedy is he that plays the fool.
+
+  History is a sacred subject, because the soul of it is
+  truth; and where truth is, there the divinity will reside;
+  yet there are some who compose and cast off books as if they
+  were tossing up a dish of pancakes.
+
+  There is no book so bad but something good may be found in
+  it.
+
+  Printed works may be read leisurely, their defects easily
+  seen, so they are scrutinized more or less strictly in
+  proportion to the celebrity of the author.
+
+  "Men of great talents, whether poets or historians, seldom
+  escape the attacks of those who, without ever favoring the
+  world with any production of their own, take delight in
+  criticising the works of others."
+
+
+"Nor can we wonder at that," said Don Quixote, "when we observe the same
+practice among divines, who, though dull enough in the pulpit
+themselves, are wonderfully sharp-sighted in discovering the defects of
+other preachers."
+
+"True, indeed, Signor Don Quixote," said Carrasco; "I wish critics would
+be less fastidious, nor dwell so much upon the motes which may be
+discerned even in the brightest works; for, though _aliquando bonus
+dormitat Homerus_, they ought to consider how much he was awake to
+produce a work with so much light and so little shade; nay, perhaps even
+his seeming blemishes are like moles, which are sometimes thought to be
+rather an improvement to beauty. But it cannot be denied that whoever
+publishes a book to the world, exposes himself to imminent peril, since,
+of all things, nothing is more impossible than to satisfy everybody.
+Above all, I would let my master know that, if he takes me with him, it
+must be upon condition that he shall battle it all himself, and that I
+shall only have to tend his person--I mean, look after his clothes and
+food; all which I will do with a hearty good-will; but if he expects I
+will lay hand to my sword, though it be only against beggarly
+wood-cutters with hooks and hatchets, he is very much mistaken. I,
+Signor Sampson, do not set up for being the most valiant, but the best
+and most faithful squire that ever served knight-errant; and if my lord
+Don Quixote, in consideration of my many and good services, shall please
+to bestow on me some one of the many islands his worship says he shall
+light upon, I shall be much beholden to him for the favor; and if he
+give me none, here I am, and it is better to trust God than each other;
+and mayhap my government bread might not go down so sweet as that which
+I should eat without it; and how? do I know but the devil, in one of
+these governments, might set up a stumbling-block in my way, over which
+I might fall, and dash out my grinders? Sancho I was born, and Sancho I
+expect to die; yet for all that, if, fairly and squarely, without much
+care or much risk, Heaven should chance to throw an island, or some such
+thing, in my way, I am not such a fool neither as to refuse it; for, as
+the saying is, 'when the heifer is offered, be ready with the rope.'"
+
+
+  When good fortune knocks, make haste to bid her welcome.
+
+
+"Brother Sancho," quoth the bachelor, "you have spoken like any
+professor; nevertheless, trust in Heaven and Signor Don Quixote, and
+then you may get not only an island but even a kingdom."
+
+"One as likely as the other," answered Sancho, "though I could tell
+Signor Carrasco that my master will not throw the kingdom he gives me
+into a rotten sack; for I have felt my pulse, and find myself strong
+enough to rule kingdoms and govern islands; and so much I have signified
+before now to my master."
+
+"Take heed, Sancho," quoth the bachelor, "for honors change manners; and
+it may come to pass, when you are a governor, that you may not know even
+your own mother."
+
+"That," answered Sancho, "may be the case with those that are born among
+the mallows, but not with one whose soul, like mine, is covered four
+inches thick with the grace of an old Christian. No, no, I am not one of
+the ungrateful sort."
+
+"Heaven grant it," said Don Quixote; "but we shall see when the
+government comes, and methinks I have it already in my eye."
+
+Sancho went home in such high spirits that his wife observed his gayety
+a bow-shot off, insomuch that she could not help saying, "What makes you
+look so blithe, friend Sancho?"
+
+To which he answered: "Would to Heaven, dear wife, I were not so well
+pleased as I seem to be!"
+
+"I know not what you mean, husband," replied she, "by saying you wish
+you were not so much pleased; now, silly as I am, I cannot guess how any
+one can desire not to be pleased."
+
+"Look you, Teresa," answered Sancho, "I am thus merry because I am
+about to return to the service of my master, Don Quixote, who is going
+again in search after adventures, and I am to accompany him, for so my
+fate wills it. Besides, I am merry with the hopes of finding another
+hundred crowns like those we have spent, though it grieves me to part
+from you and my children; and if Heaven would be pleased to give me
+bread, dryshod and at home, without dragging me over crags and
+cross-paths, it is plain that my joy would be better grounded, since it
+is now mingled with sorrow for leaving you; so that I was right in
+saying that I should be glad if it pleased Heaven I were not so Well
+pleased."
+
+"Look you, Sancho," replied Teresa, "ever since you have been a
+knight-errant man you talk in such a roundabout manner that nobody can
+understand you."
+
+"It is enough, wife," said Sancho, "that God understands me, for He is
+the understander of all things; and so much for that. And do you hear,
+wife, it behooves you to take special care of Dapple for these three or
+four days to come, that he may be in a condition to bear arms; so double
+his allowance, and get the pack-saddle in order and the rest of his
+tackling, for we are not going to a wedding, but to roam about the world
+and to give and take with giants, fiery dragons, and goblins, and to
+hear hissings, roarings, bellowings, and bleatings, all which would be
+but flowers of lavender if we had not to do with Yangueses and enchanted
+Moors."
+
+"I believe, indeed, husband," replied Teresa, "that your squires-errant
+do not eat their bread for nothing, and therefore I shall not fail to
+beseech Heaven to deliver you speedily from so much evil hap."
+
+"I tell you, wife," answered Sancho, "that did I not expect, ere long,
+to see myself governor of an island, I vow I should drop down dead upon
+the spot."
+
+"Not so, good husband," quoth Teresa, "let the hen live, though it be
+with the pip. Do you live, and the devil take all the governments in the
+world! Without a government you came into the world, without a
+government you have lived till now, and without it you can be carried to
+your grave whenever it shall please God. How many folks are there in the
+world that have no government! and yet they live and are reckoned among
+the people. The best sauce in the world is hunger, and as that is never
+wanting to the poor, they always eat with a relish. But if, perchance,
+Sancho, you should get a government, do not forget me and your children.
+Consider that your son Sancho is just fifteen years old, and it is fit
+he should go to school if his uncle the abbot means to breed him up to
+the church. Consider, also, that Mary Sancha, your daughter, will not
+break her heart if we marry her; for I am mistaken if she has not as
+much mind to a husband as you have to a government. And verily say I,
+better a daughter but humbly married than highly kept."
+
+"In good faith, dear wife," said Sancho, "if Heaven be so good to me
+that I get anything like a government, I will match Mary Sancha so
+highly that there will be no coming near her without calling her your
+ladyship."
+
+"Not so, Sancho," answered Teresa, "the best way is to marry her to her
+equal; for if you lift her from clouted shoes to high heels, and
+instead of her russet coat of fourteenpenny stuff, give her a
+farthingale and petticoats of silk, and instead of plain Molly and thou
+she be called madam and your ladyship, the girl will not know where she
+is and will fall into a thousand mistakes at every step, showing her
+homespun country stuff."
+
+"Peace, fool!" quoth Sancho, "she has only to practise two or three
+years and the gravity will set upon her as if it were made for her; and
+if not, what matters it? Let her be a lady, and come of it what will."
+
+"Measure yourself by your condition, Sancho," answered Teresa, "and do
+not seek to raise yourself higher, but remember the proverb, 'Wipe your
+neighbor's son's nose and take him into your house.' It would be a
+pretty business, truly, to marry our Mary to some great count or knight,
+who, when the fancy takes him, would look upon her as some strange
+thing, and be calling her country-wench, clod-breaker's brat, and I know
+not what else. No, not while I live, husband; I have not brought up my
+child to be so used. Do you provide money, Sancho, and leave the
+matching of her to my care; for there is Lope Tocho, John Tocho's son, a
+lusty, hale young man, whom we know, and I am sure he has a sneaking
+kindness for the girl. To him she will be very well married, considering
+he is our equal, and will be always under our eye; and we shall be all
+as one, parents and children, grandsons and sons-in-law, and so the
+peace and blessing of Heaven will be among us all; and do not you be for
+marrying her at your courts and great palaces, where they will neither
+understand her nor she understand herself."
+
+"Hark you, beast, and wife for Barabbas," replied Sancho, "why would you
+now, without rhyme or reason, hinder me from marrying my daughter with
+one who may bring me grandchildren that may be styled your lordships?
+Look you, Teresa, I have always heard my betters say, 'He that will not
+when he may, when he will he shall have nay'; and it would be wrong, now
+that fortune is knocking at our door, not to open it and bid her
+welcome. Let us spread our sail to the favorable gale, now that it
+blows.' ... Can't you perceive, animal, with half an eye," proceeded
+Sancho, "that I shall act wisely, in devoting this body of mine to some
+beneficial government that will lift us out of the dirt, and enable me
+to match Mary Sancha according to my own good pleasure; then wilt thou
+hear thyself called Donna Teresa Panza, and find thyself seated at
+church upon carpets, cushions, and tapestry, in despite and defiance of
+all the small gentry in the parish; and not be always in the same moping
+circumstances, without increase or diminution, like a picture in the
+hangings. But no more of this; Sanchica shall be a countess, though thou
+shouldst cry thy heart out."
+
+"Look before you leap, husband," answered Teresa; "after all, I wish to
+God this quality of my daughter may not be the cause of her perdition;
+take your own way, and make her duchess or princess, or what you please;
+but I'll assure you it shall never be with my consent or good-will; I
+was always a lover of equality, my dear, and can't bear to see people
+hold their heads high without reason. Teresa was I christened, a bare
+and simple name, without the addition, garniture, and embroidery of Don
+or Donna; my father's name is Cascajo, and mine, as being your spouse,
+Teresa Panza, though by rights I should be called Teresa Cascajo; but as
+the king minds, the law binds; and with that name am I contented, though
+it be not burdened with a Don, which weighs so heavy that I should not
+be able to bear it. Neither will I put it in the power of those who see
+me dressed like a countess or governor's lady, to say: 'Mind Mrs.
+Porkfeeder, how proud she looks! it was but yesterday she toiled hard at
+the distaff, and went to mass with the tail of her gown about her head,
+instead of a veil; but now, forsooth, she has got her fine farthingales
+and jewels, and holds up her head as if we did not know her.' If God
+preserves me in my seven or five senses, or as many as they be, I shall
+never bring myself into such a quandary. As for your part, spouse, you
+may go to your governments and islands, and be as proud as a peacock;
+but as for my daughter and me, by the life of my father! we will not
+stir one step from the village; for, the wife that deserves a good name,
+stays at home as if she were lame; and the maid must be still a-doing,
+that hopes to see the men come awooing."
+
+
+  He that covers, discovers.
+
+  The poor man is scarcely looked at, while every eye is
+  turned upon the rich; and if the poor man grows rich and
+  great, then I warrant you there is work enough for your
+  grumblers and backbiters, who swarm everywhere like bees.
+
+  "The first time, he was brought home to us laid athwart an
+  ass, all battered and bruised. The second time he returned
+  in an ox-wagon, locked up in a cage, and so changed, poor
+  soul, that his own mother would not have known him; so
+  feeble, wan, and withered, and his eyes sunk into the
+  farthest corner of his brains, insomuch that it took me
+  above six hundred eggs to get him a little up again, as
+  Heaven and the world is my witness, and my hens, that will
+  not let me lie."
+
+  "I can easily believe that," answered the bachelor; "for
+  your hens are too well bred and fed to say one thing and
+  mean another."
+
+  All objects present to the view exist, and are impressed
+  upon the imagination with much greater energy and force,
+  than those which we only remember to have seen.
+
+  When we see any person finely dressed, and set off with rich
+  apparel and with a train of servants, we are moved to show
+  him respect; for, though we cannot but remember certain
+  scurvy matters either of poverty or parentage, that formerly
+  belonged to him, but which being long gone by are almost
+  forgotten, we only think of what we see before our eyes. And
+  if, as the preacher said, the person so raised by good luck,
+  from nothing, as it were, to the tip-top of prosperity, be
+  well behaved, generous, and civil, and gives himself no
+  ridiculous airs, pretending to vie with the old nobility,
+  take my word for it, Teresa, nobody will twit him with what
+  he was, but will respect him for what he is; except, indeed
+  the envious, who hate every man's good luck.
+
+  People are always ready enough to lend their money to
+  governors.
+
+  Clothe the boy so that he may look not like what he is, but
+  what he may be.
+
+  To this burden women are born, they must obey their husbands
+  if they are ever such blockheads.
+
+  He that's coy when fortune's kind, may after seek but never
+  find.
+
+  All knights cannot be courtiers, neither can all courtiers
+  be knights.
+
+  The courtier knight travels only on a map, without fatigue
+  or expense; he neither suffers heat nor cold, hunger nor
+  thirst; while the true knight-errant explores every quarter
+  of the habitable world, and is by night and day, on foot or
+  on horseback, exposed to all the vicissitudes of the
+  weather.
+
+  All are not affable and well-bred; on the contrary, some
+  there are extremely brutal and impolite. All those who call
+  themselves knights, are not entitled to that distinction;
+  some being of pure gold, and others of baser metal,
+  notwithstanding the denomination they assume. But these last
+  cannot stand the touch-stone of truth; there are mean
+  plebeians, who sweat and struggle to maintain the appearance
+  of gentlemen; and, on the other hand, there are gentlemen of
+  rank who seem industrious to appear mean and degenerate; the
+  one sort raise themselves either by ambition or virtue,
+  while the other abase themselves by viciousness or sloth; so
+  that we must avail ourselves of our understanding and
+  discernment in distinguishing those persons, who, though
+  they bear the same appellation, are yet so different in
+  point of character. All the genealogies in the world may be
+  reduced to four kinds. The first are those families who from
+  a low beginning have raised and extended themselves, until
+  they have reached the highest pinnacle of human greatness;
+  the second are those of high extraction, who have preserved
+  their original dignity; the third sort are those who, from a
+  great foundation, have gradually dwindled, until, like a
+  pyramid, they terminate in a small point. The last, which
+  are the most numerous class, are those who have begun and
+  continue low, and who must end the same.
+
+  Genealogies are involved in endless confusion, and those
+  only are illustrious and great who are distinguished by
+  their virtue and liberality, as well as their riches; for
+  the great man who is vicious is only a great sinner, and the
+  rich man who wants liberality is but a miserly pauper.
+
+  The gratification which wealth can bestow is not in mere
+  possession, nor in lavishing it with prodigality, but in the
+  wise application of it.
+
+  The poor knight can only manifest his rank by his virtues
+  and general conduct. He must be well-bred, courteous, kind,
+  and obliging; not proud nor arrogant; no murmurer. Above
+  all, he must be charitable, and by two maravedis given
+  cheerfully to the poor he shall display as much generosity
+  as the rich man who bestows large alms by sound of bell. Of
+  such a man no one would doubt his honorable descent, and
+  general applause wall be the sure reward of his virtue.
+
+  There are two roads by which men may attain riches and
+  honor: the one by letters, the other by arms.
+
+  The path of virtue is narrow, that of vice is spacious and
+  broad; as the great Castilian poet expresses it:--
+
+    "By these rough paths of toil and pain
+    The immortal seats of bliss we gain,
+    Denied to those who heedless stray
+    In tempting pleasure's flowery way."
+
+  Fast bind, fast find.
+
+  He who shuffles is not he who cuts.
+
+  A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
+
+  Though there is little in a woman's advice, yet he that
+  won't take it is not over-wise.
+
+  We are all mortal: here to-day and gone to-morrow.
+
+  The lamb goes to the spit as soon as the sheep.
+
+  No man in this world can promise himself more hours of life
+  than God is pleased to grant him; because death if deaf, and
+  when he knocks at the door of life is always in a hurry, and
+  will not be detained either by fair means or force, by
+  sceptres or mitres, as the report goes, and as we have often
+  heard it declared from the pulpit.
+
+  The hen sits, if it be but upon one egg.
+
+  Many littles make a mickle, and he that is getting aught is
+  losing naught.
+
+  While there are peas in the dove-cote, it shall never want
+  pigeons.
+
+  A good reversion is better than bad possession, and a good
+  claim better than bad pay.
+
+  The bread eaten, the company broke up.
+
+  A man must be a man, and a woman a woman.
+
+  Nothing inspires a knight-errant with so much valor as the
+  favor of his mistress.
+
+  O envy! thou root of infinite mischief and canker-worm of
+  virtue! The commission of all other vices, Sancho, is
+  attended with some sort of delight; but envy produces
+  nothing in the heart that harbors it but rage, rancor, and
+  disgust.
+
+  The love of fame is one of the most active principles in the
+  human breast.
+
+  Let us keep our holy days in peace, and not throw the rope
+  after the bucket.
+
+"And now pray tell me which is the most difficult, to raise a dead man
+to life or to slay a giant?"
+
+"The answer is very obvious," answered Don Quixote; "to raise a dead
+man."
+
+"There I have caught you!" quoth Sancho. "Then his fame who raises the
+dead, gives sight to the blind, makes the lame walk, and cures the sick;
+who has lamps burning near his grave, and good Christians always in his
+chapels, adoring his relics upon their knees,--his fame, I say, shall be
+greater both in this world and the next than that which all the heathen
+emperors and knights-errant in the world ever had or ever shall have."
+
+"I grant it," answered Don Quixote.
+
+"Then," replied Sancho, "the bodies and relics of saints have this power
+and grace, and these privileges, or how do you call them, and with the
+license of our holy mother church have their lamps, winding-sheets,
+crutches, pictures, perukes, eyes, and legs, whereby they increase
+people's devotion and spread abroad their own Christian fame. Kings
+themselves carry the bodies or relics of saints upon their shoulders,
+kiss the fragments of their bones, and adorn their chapels and most
+favorite altars with them."
+
+"Certainly, but what wouldst thou infer from all this, Sancho?" quoth
+Don Quixote.
+
+"What I mean," said Sancho, "is, that we had better turn saints
+immediately, and we shall then soon get that fame we are seeking after.
+And pray take notice, sir, that it was but yesterday--I mean very
+lately--a couple of poor barefooted friars were canonized, and people
+now reckon it a greater happiness to touch or kiss the iron chains that
+bound them, and which are now held in greater veneration than Orlando's
+sword in the armory of our lord the king, Heaven save him; so that it is
+better to be a poor friar of the meanest order than the bravest
+knight-errant, because four dozen of good penitent lashes are more
+esteemed in the sight of God than two thousand tilts with a lance,
+though it be against giants, goblins, or dragons."
+
+"I confess," answered Don Quixote, "all this is true. We cannot all be
+friars, and many and various are the ways by which God conducts his
+elect to Heaven. Chivalry is a kind of religious profession, and some
+knights are now saints in glory."
+
+"True," quoth Sancho, "but I have heard say there are more friars in
+Heaven than knights-errant."
+
+"It may well be so," replied Don Quixote, "because their number is much
+greater than that of knights-errant."
+
+"And yet," quoth Sancho, "there are abundance of the errant sort."
+
+"Abundance, indeed," answered Don Quixote, "but few who deserve the name
+of knight."
+
+  There is a time for jesting, and a time when jokes are
+  unseasonable.
+
+  Truth may bend but never break, and will ever rise above
+  falsehood, like oil above water.
+
+  With lovers the external actions and gestures are couriers,
+  which bear authentic tidings of what is passing in the
+  interior of the soul.
+
+  A stout heart flings misfortune.
+
+  Where you meet with no books you need expect no bacon.
+
+  The hare often starts where the hunter least expects her.
+
+  There is a remedy for everything but death, who will take us
+  in his clutches spite of our teeth.
+
+  Show me who thou art with, and I will tell thee what thou
+  art.
+
+  Not with whom thou wert bred, but with whom thou art fed.
+
+  Sorrow was made for man, not for beasts; yet if men
+  encourage melancholy too much, they become no better than
+  beasts.
+
+"Thou bringest me good news, then?" cried Don Quixote.
+
+"So good," answered Sancho, "that your worship has only to clap spurs to
+Rozinante, and get out upon the plain, to see the lady Dulcinea del
+Toboso, who, with a couple of her damsels, is coming to pay your worship
+a visit."
+
+"Gracious Heaven!" exclaimed Don Quixote, "what dost thou say? Take care
+that thou beguilest not my real sorrow by a counterfeit joy."
+
+"What should I get," answered Sancho, "by deceiving your worship, only
+to be found out the next moment? Come, sir, put on, and you will see the
+princess our mistress all arrayed and adorned--in short, like herself.
+She and her damsels are one blaze of naming gold; all strings of pearls,
+all diamonds, all rubies, all cloth of tissue above ten hands deep;
+their hair loose about their shoulders, like so many sunbeams blowing
+about in the wind; and what is more, they come mounted upon three pied
+belfreys, the finest you ever laid eyes on."
+
+"Palfreys, thou wouldst say, Sancho," quoth Don Quixote.
+
+"Well, well," answered Sancho, "belfreys and palfreys are much the same
+thing; but let them be mounted how they will, they are sure the finest
+creatures one would wish to see; especially my mistress the princess
+Dulcinea, who dazzles one's senses."
+
+They were now got out of the wood, and saw the three wenches very near.
+
+Don Quixote looked eagerly along the road towards Toboso, and seeing
+nobody but the three wenches, he asked Sancho, in much agitation,
+whether they were out of the city when he left them.
+
+"Out of the city!" answered Sancho; "are your worship's eyes in the
+nape of your neck, that you do not see them now before you, shining like
+the sun at noon-day?"
+
+"I see only three country girls," answered Don Quixote, "on three
+asses."
+
+"Now, Heaven keep me from the devil," answered Sancho; "is it possible
+that three palfreys, or how do you call them, white as the driven snow,
+should look to you like asses? As the Lord liveth, you shall pluck off
+this beard of mine if it be so."
+
+"I tell thee, friend Sancho," answered Don Quixote, "that it is as
+certain they are asses, as that I am Don Quixote and thou Sancho
+Panza;--at least, so they seem to me."
+
+"Sir," quoth Sancho, "say not such a thing; but snuff those eyes of
+yours, and come and pay reverence to the mistress of your soul." So
+saying he advanced forward to meet the peasant girls, and, alighting
+from Dapple, he laid hold of one of their asses by the halter, and
+bending both knees to the ground, said to the girl: "Queen, princess,
+and duchess of beauty, let your haughtiness and greatness be pleased to
+receive into grace and good-liking your captive knight, who stands
+turned there into stone, all disorder, and without any pulse, to find
+himself before your magnificent presence. I am Sancho Panza, his squire,
+and he is that way-worn knight Don Quixote de la Mancha, otherwise
+called the Knight of the Sorrowful Figure."
+
+
+  It is not courage, but rashness, for one man singly to
+  encounter an army, where death is present, and where
+  emperors fight in person, assisted by good and bad angels.
+
+  Good Christians should never revenge injuries.
+
+  A sparrow in the hand is better than a vulture on the wing.
+
+  At the conclusion of this drama of life, death strips us of
+  the robes which make the difference between man and man, and
+  leaves us all on one level in the grave.
+
+  From a friend to a friend,[7] etc.
+
+  Nor let it be taken amiss that any comparison should be made
+  between the mutual cordiality of animals and that of men;
+  for much useful knowledge and many salutary precepts have
+  been taught by the brute creation.
+
+  We may learn gratitude as well as vigilance from cranes,
+  foresight from ants, modesty from elephants, and loyalty
+  from horses.
+
+  Harken, and we shall discover his thoughts by his song, for
+  out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh.[8]
+
+
+  SONNET.
+
+  Bright authoress of my good or ill,
+    Prescribe the law I must observe;
+  My heart, obedient to thy will,
+    Shall never from its duty swerve.
+
+  If you refuse my griefs to know,
+    The stifled anguish seals my fate;
+  But if your ears would drink my woe,
+    Love shall himself the tale relate.
+
+  Though contraries my heart compose,
+    Hard as the diamond's solid frame,
+  And soft as yielding wax that flows,
+    To thee, my fair, 'tis still the same.
+
+  Take it, for every stamp prepared;
+    Imprint what characters you choose;
+  The faithful tablet, soft or hard,
+    The dear impression ne'er shall lose.
+
+
+  The sorrows that may arise from well-placed affections,
+  ought rather to be accounted blessings than calamities.
+
+  Good fare lessens care.
+
+  The rarest sporting is that we find at other people's cost.
+
+  Covetousness bursts the bag.
+
+  Other folk's burdens break the ass's back.
+
+  There is no road so smooth but it has its stumbling-places.
+
+  Madness will have more followers than discretion.
+
+  Comparisons in grief lessen its weight.
+
+  If the blind lead the blind, both may fall into the ditch.
+
+  A good paymaster needs no pledge.
+
+  Nobody knows the heart of his neighbor; some go out for wool
+  and come home shorn.
+
+  Let us drink and live, for time takes care to rid us of our
+  lives, without our seeking ways to go before our appointed
+  term and season.
+
+"You must know I have had in my family, by the father's side, two of the
+rarest tasters that were ever known in La Mancha; and I will give you a
+proof of their skill. A certain hogshead was given to each of them to
+taste, and their opinion asked as to the condition, quality, goodness,
+or badness, of the wine. One tried it with the tip of his tongue; the
+other only put it to his nose. The first said the wine savored of iron;
+the second said it had rather a twang of goat's leather. The owner
+protested that the vessel was clean, and the wine neat, so that it could
+not taste either of iron or leather. Notwithstanding this, the two
+famous tasters stood positively to what they had said. Time went on;
+the wine was sold off, and, on cleaning the cask, a small key, hanging
+to a leathern thong, was found at the bottom. Judge then, sir, whether
+one of that race may not be well entitled to give his opinion in these
+matters."
+
+"That being the case," quoth he of the wood, "we should leave off
+seeking adventures, and, since we have a good loaf, let us not look for
+cheesecakes."
+
+
+  The conquered must be at the discretion of the conqueror.
+
+  It is easy to undertake, but more difficult to finish a
+  thing.
+
+  "Pray, which is the greater madman, he who is so because he
+  cannot help it, or he who is so on purpose?"
+
+  "The difference between these two sorts of madmen is,"
+  replied Sampson, "that he who cannot help it will remain so,
+  and he who deliberately plays the fool may leave off when he
+  thinks fit."
+
+  Heaven knows the truth of all things.
+
+  The ancient sages, who were not enlightened with the
+  knowledge of the true God, reckoned the gifts of fortune and
+  nature, abundance of friends, and increase of dutiful
+  children, as constituting part of the supreme happiness.
+
+  Letters without virtue are like pearls on a dunghill.
+
+
+DON QUIXOTE ON POETRY.
+
+Poetry I regard as a tender virgin, young and extremely beautiful, whom
+divers other virgins--namely, all the other sciences--are assiduous to
+enrich, to polish, and adorn. She is to be served by them, and they are
+to be ennobled through her. But the same virgin is not to be rudely
+handled, nor dragged through the streets, nor exposed in the
+market-places, nor posted on the corners of gates of palaces. She is of
+so exquisite a nature that he who knows how to treat her will convert
+her into gold of the most inestimable value. He who possesses her should
+guard her with vigilance; neither suffering her to be polluted by
+obscene, nor degraded by dull and frivolous works. Although she must be
+in no wise venal, she is not, therefore, to despise the fair reward of
+honorable labors, either in heroic or dramatic composition. Buffoons
+must not come near her, neither must she be approached by the ignorant
+vulgar, who have no sense of her charms; and this term is equally
+applicable to all ranks, for whoever is ignorant is vulgar. He,
+therefore, who, with the qualifications I have named, devotes himself to
+poetry, will be honored and esteemed by all nations distinguished for
+intellectual cultivation.
+
+Indeed, it is generally said that the gift of poesy is innate--that is,
+a poet is born a poet, and, thus endowed by Heaven, apparently without
+study or art, composes things which verify the saying, _Est Deus in
+nobis_, etc. Thus the poet of nature, who improves himself by art, rises
+far above him who is merely the creature of study. Art may improve, but
+cannot surpass nature; and, therefore, it is the union of both which
+produces the perfect poet.
+
+Let him direct the shafts of satire against vice, in all its various
+forms, but not level them at individuals, like some who, rather than not
+indulge their mischievous wit, will hazard a disgraceful banishment to
+the Isles of Pontus. If the poet be correct in his morals, his verse
+will partake of the same purity: the pen is the tongue of the mind, and
+what his conceptions are, such will be his productions. The wise and
+virtuous subject who is gifted with a poetic genius is ever honored and
+enriched by his sovereign, and crowned with the leaves of the tree which
+the thunderbolt hurts not, as a token that all should respect those
+brows which are so honorably adorned.
+
+
+  Forewarned, forearmed; to be prepared is half the victory.
+
+  It is a nobler sight to behold a knight-errant assisting a
+  widow in solitude than a courtier-knight complimenting a
+  damsel in the city.
+
+  Well I know that fortitude is a virtue placed between the
+  two extremes of cowardice and rashness: but it is better the
+  valiant should rise to the extreme of temerity than sink to
+  that of cowardice, for, as it is easier for the prodigal
+  than the miser to become liberal, so it is much easier for
+  the rash than the cowardly to become truly brave.
+
+
+THE ADVENTURE WITH THE LIONS.
+
+Don Quixote, after having wiped his head, face, beard, and helmet, again
+put it on, and fixing himself firm in his stirrups, adjusting his sword,
+and grasping his lance, he exclaimed, "Now, come what may, I am prepared
+to encounter Satan himself!"
+
+They were soon overtaken by the cart with flags, which was attended only
+by the driver, who rode upon one of the mules, and a man sitting upon
+the fore part of it. Don Quixote planted himself just before them, and
+said, "Whither go ye, brethren? What carriage is this? What does it
+contain, and what are those banners?"
+
+"The cart is mine," answered the carter, "and in it are two fierce
+lions, which the general of Oran is sending to court as a present to his
+majesty; the flags belong to our liege the king, to show that what is in
+the cart belongs to him."
+
+"And are the lions large?" demanded Don Quixote.
+
+"Larger never came from Africa to Spain," said the man on the front of
+the cart; "I am their keeper, and in my time have had charge of many
+lions, but never of any so large as these. They are a male and a female;
+the male is in the first cage, and the female is in that behind. Not
+having eaten to-day, they are now hungry and therefore, sir, stand
+aside, for we must make haste to the place where they are to be fed."
+
+"What!" said Don Quixote, with a scornful smile, "lion-whelps against
+me! Against me, your puny monsters! and at this time of day! By yon
+blessed sun! those who sent them hither shall see whether I am a man to
+be scared by lions. Alight, honest friend! and, since you are their
+keeper, open the cages and turn out your savages of the desert: for in
+the midst of this field will I make them know who Don Quixote de la
+Mancha is, in spite of the enchanters that sent them hither to me."
+
+"So, so," quoth the gentleman to himself, "our good knight has now given
+us a specimen of what he is; doubtless the curds have softened his
+skull, and made his brains mellow."
+
+Sancho now coming up to him, "For Heaven's sake, sir," cried he, "hinder
+my master from meddling with these lions; for if he does they will tear
+us all to pieces."
+
+"What, then, is your master so mad," answered the gentleman, "that you
+really fear he will attack such fierce animals?"
+
+"He is not mad," answered Sancho, "but daring."
+
+"I will make him desist," replied the gentleman; and, going up to Don
+Quixote, who was importuning the keeper to open the cages, "Sir," said
+he, "Knights-errant should engage in adventures that, at least, afford
+some prospect of success, and not such as are altogether desperate; for
+the valor which borders on temerity has in it more of madness than
+courage. Besides, sir knight, these lions do not come to assail you:
+they are going to be presented to his majesty; and it is, therefore,
+improper to detain them or retard their journey."
+
+"Sweet sir," answered Don Quixote, "go hence, and mind your decoy
+partridge, and your stout ferret, and leave every one to his functions.
+This is mine, and I shall see whether these gentlemen lions will come
+against me or not." Then, turning to the keeper, he said, "I vow to
+Heaven, Don Rascal, if thou dost not instantly open the cages, with this
+lance I will pin thee to the cart."
+
+The carter seeing that the armed lunatic was resolute, "Good sir," said
+he, "for charity's sake, be pleased to let me take off my mules and get
+with them out of danger, before the lions are let loose: for should my
+cattle be killed, I am undone for ever, as I have no other means of
+living than by this cart and these mules."
+
+"Incredulous wretch!" cried Don Quixote, "unyoke and do as thou wilt;
+but thou shalt soon see that thy trouble might have been spared."
+
+The carter alighted and unyoked in great haste. The keeper then said
+aloud, "Bear witness, all here present, that against my will, and by
+compulsion, I open the cages and let the lions loose. I protest against
+what this gentleman is doing, and declare all the mischief done by these
+beasts shall be placed to his account, with my salary and perquisites
+over and above. Pray, gentlemen, take care of yourselves before I open
+the door; for, as to myself, I am sure they will do me no hurt."
+
+Again the gentleman pressed Don Quixote to desist from so mad an action;
+declaring to him that he was thereby provoking God's wrath. Don Quixote
+replied that he knew what he was doing. The gentleman rejoined, and
+entreated him to consider well of it, for he was certainly deceived.
+
+"Nay, sir," replied Don Quixote, "if you will not be a spectator of what
+you think will prove a tragedy, spur your flea-bitten, and save
+yourself."
+
+Sancho, too, besought him, with tears in his eyes, to desist from an
+enterprise compared with which that of the windmills, the dreadful one
+of the fulling-mills, and in short, all the exploits he had performed in
+the whole course of his life, were mere tarts and cheesecakes.
+"Consider, sir," added Sancho, "here is no enchantment, nor anything
+like it; for I saw, through the grates and chinks of the cage, the paw
+of a true lion; and I guess, by the size of its claw, that it is bigger
+than a mountain."
+
+"Thy fears," answered Don Quixote, "would make it appear to thee larger
+than half the world. Retire, Sancho, and leave me; and if I perish here,
+thou knowest our old agreement: repair to Dulcinea--I say no more." To
+these he added other expressions, which showed the firmness of his
+purpose, and that all argument would be fruitless. The gentleman would
+fain have compelled him to desist, but thought himself unequally matched
+in weapons and armor, and that it Would not be prudent to engage with a
+madman, whose violence and menaces against the keeper were now
+redoubled; the gentleman therefore spurred his mare, Sancho his Dapple,
+and the carter his mules, and all endeavored to get as far off as
+possible from the cart, before the lions were let loose. Sancho bewailed
+the death of his master; verily believing it would now overtake him
+between the paws of the lions; he cursed his hard fortune, and the
+unlucky hour when he again entered into his service. But,
+notwithstanding his tears and lamentations, he kept urging on his Dapple
+to get far enough from the cart. The keeper, seeing that the fugitives
+were at a good distance, repeated his arguments and entreaties, but to
+no purpose: Don Quixote answered that he heard him, and desired he would
+trouble himself no more, but immediately obey his commands, and open the
+door.
+
+Whilst the keeper was unbarring the first gate, Don Quixote deliberated
+within himself whether it would be best to engage on horseback or not,
+and finally determined it should be on foot, as Rozinante might be
+terrified at the sight of the lions. He therefore leaped from his horse,
+flung aside his lance, braced on his shield, and drew his sword; and
+marching slowly, with marvellous intrepidity and an undaunted heart, he
+planted himself before the car, devoutly commending himself, first to
+God and then to his mistress Dulcinea.
+
+Here it is to be noted that the author of this faithful history, coming
+to this passage, falls into exclamations, and cries out, O strenuous and
+beyond all expression courageous Don Quixote de la Mancha! thou mirror
+wherein all the valiant ones of the world may behold themselves, thou
+second and new Don Manuel de Leon, who was the glory and honor of the
+Spanish knights! With what words shall I relate this tremendous exploit?
+By what arguments shall I render it credible to succeeding ages? or what
+praises, though above all hyperboles hyperbolical, do not fit and become
+thee? Thou, alone, on foot, intrepid and magnanimous, with a single
+sword, and that none of the sharpest, with a shield not of the brightest
+and most shining steel, standest waiting for and expecting two of the
+fiercest lions that the forests of Africa ever bred. Let thy own deeds
+praise thee, valorous Manchegan! for here I must leave off for want of
+words whereby to enhance them. Here the author ends his exclamation, and
+resumes the thread of the history, saying:--
+
+The keeper, seeing Don Quixote fixed in his posture, and that he could
+not avoid letting loose the male lion on pain of falling under the
+displeasure of the angry and daring knight, set wide open the door of
+the first cage, where lay the lion, which appeared to be of an
+extraordinary bigness and of a hideous and frightful aspect. The first
+thing he did was to turn himself round in the cage, reach out a paw, and
+stretch himself at full length. Then he gaped and yawned very leisurely;
+then licked the dust off his eyes, and washed his face, with some half a
+yard of tongue. This done, he thrust his head out of the cage and stared
+round on all sides with eyes of fire-coals,--a sight and aspect enough
+to have struck terror into temerity itself. Don Quixote only observed
+him with attention, wishing he would leap out from the car and grapple
+with him, that he might tear him in pieces, to such a pitch of
+extravagance had his unheard-of madness transported him.
+
+But the generous lion, more civil than arrogant, taking no notice of his
+vaporing and bravados, after having stared about him, as has been said,
+turned his back and showed his posteriors to Don Quixote, and with
+great phlegm and calmness laid himself down again in the cage; which Don
+Quixote perceiving, he ordered the keeper to give him some blows and
+provoke him to come forth.
+
+"That I will not do," answered the keeper; "for, should I provoke him, I
+myself shall be the first he will tear in pieces. Be satisfied, signor
+cavalier, with what is done, which is all that can be said in point of
+courage, and do not tempt fortune a second time. The lion has the door
+open, and it is in his choice to come forth or not; and since he has not
+yet come out, he will not come out all this day. The greatness of your
+worship's courage is already sufficiently shown. No brave combatant, as
+I take it, is obliged to more than to challenge his foe, and expect him
+in the field; and if the antagonist does not meet him, the disgrace
+falls on him, while the challenger is entitled to the crown of victory."
+
+"That is true," answered Don Quixote; "shut the door, and give me a
+certificate in the best form you can of what you have here seen me
+perform. It should be known that you opened the door to the lion; that I
+waited for him; that he came not out; again I waited for him; again he
+came not out; and again he laid himself down. I am bound to no
+more,--enchantments avaunt! So Heaven prosper right and justice and true
+chivalry! Shut the door, as I told thee, while I make a signal to the
+fugitive and absent, that from your own mouth they may have an account
+of this exploit."
+
+The keeper closed the door, and Don Quixote, having fixed the linen
+cloth with which he had wiped the curds from his face upon the point of
+his lance, began to hail the troop in the distance, who, with the
+gentleman in green at their head, were still retiring, but looking round
+at every step, when suddenly Sancho observed the signal of the white
+cloth.
+
+"May I be hanged," cried he, "if my master has not vanquished the wild
+beasts, for he is calling to us!"
+
+They all stopped, and saw that it was Don Quixote that made the sign;
+and, their fear in some degree abating, they ventured to return slowly
+till they could distinctly hear the words of Don Quixote, who continued
+calling to them. When they had reached the cart again, Don Quixote said
+to the driver: "Now, friend, put on your mules again, and in Heaven's
+name proceed; and, Sancho, give two crowns to him and the keeper, to
+make them amends for this delay."
+
+"That I will, with all my heart," answered Sancho; "but what has become
+of the lions? are they dead or alive?"
+
+The keeper then very minutely, and with due pauses, gave an account of
+the conflict, enlarging, to the best of his skill, on the valor of Don
+Quixote, at sight of whom the daunted lion would not, or durst not, stir
+out of the cage, though he had held open the door a good while; and,
+upon his representing to the knight that it was tempting God to provoke
+the lion, and to force him out, he had at length, very reluctantly,
+permitted him to close it again.
+
+"What sayest thou to this, Sancho?" said Don Quixote; "can any
+enchantment prevail against true courage? Enchanters may, indeed,
+deprive me of good fortune, but of courage and resolution they never
+can."
+
+Sancho gave the gold crowns; the carter yoked his mules; the keeper
+thanked Don Quixote for his present, and promised to relate this
+valorous exploit to the king himself when he arrived at court.
+
+"If, perchance, his majesty," said Don Quixote, "should inquire who
+performed it, tell him the Knight of the Lions; for henceforward I
+resolve that the title I have hitherto borne, of the Knight of the
+Sorrowful Figure, shall be thus changed, converted, and altered; and
+herein I follow the ancient practice of knights-errant, who changed
+their names at pleasure."
+
+It is a gallant sight to see a cavalier in shining armor prancing over
+the lists at some gay tournament in sight of the ladies; it is a gallant
+sight when, in the middle of a spacious square, a brave cavalier, before
+the eyes of his prince, transfixes with his lance a furious bull; and a
+gallant show do all those knights make, who, in military or other
+exercises, entertain, enliven, and do honor to their prince's court; but
+far above all these is the knight-errant, who, through deserts and
+solitudes, through cross-ways, through woods, and over mountains, goes
+in quest of perilous adventures, which he undertakes and accomplishes
+only to obtain a glorious and immortal fame.
+
+All knights have their peculiar functions. Let the courtier serve the
+ladies, adorn his prince's court with rich liveries, entertain the
+poorer cavaliers at his splendid table, order his jousts, manage
+tournaments, and show himself great, liberal, and magnificent; above
+all, a good Christian, and thus will he fulfil his duties.
+
+In enterprises of every kind, it is better to lose the game by a card
+too much than one too little; for it sounds better to be called rash and
+daring than timorous and cowardly.
+
+"Signor Don Diego de Miranda, your father, sir, has informed me of the
+rare talents you possess, and particularly that you are a great poet."
+
+"Certainly not a great poet," replied Lorenzo; "it is true I am fond of
+poetry, and honor the works of good poets; but I have no claim to the
+title my father is pleased to confer upon me."
+
+"I do not dislike this modesty," answered Don Quixote; "for poets are
+usually very arrogant, each thinking himself the greatest in the world."
+
+"There is no rule without an exception," answered Don Lorenzo; "and
+surely there may be some who do not appear too conscious of their real
+merits."
+
+"Very few, I believe," said Don Quixote.
+
+
+THE SCIENCE OF KNIGHT-ERRANTRY.
+
+"It is a science," replied Don Quixote, "which comprehends all, or most
+of the other sciences; for he who professes it must be learned in the
+law, and understand distributive and commutative justice, that he may
+know not only how to assign to each man what is truly his own, but what
+is proper for him to possess; he must be conversant in divinity, in
+order to be able to explain, clearly and distinctly, the Christian faith
+which he professes; he must be skilled in medicine, especially in
+botany, that he may know both how to cure the diseases with which he may
+be afflicted, and collect the various remedies which Providence has
+scattered in the midst of the wilderness, nor be compelled on every
+emergency to be running in quest of a physician to heal him; he must be
+an astronomer, that he may if necessary ascertain by the stars the exact
+hour of the night and what part or climate of the world he is in; he
+must understand mathematics, because he will have occasion for them; and
+taking it for granted that he must be adorned with all the cardinal and
+theological virtues, I descend to other more minute particulars, and say
+that he must know how to swim as well as it is reported of Fish
+Nicholas;[9] he must know how to shoe a horse and repair his saddle and
+bridle: and to return to higher concerns, he must preserve his faith
+inviolable towards Heaven, and also to his mistress; he must be chaste
+in his thoughts, modest in his words, liberal in good works, valiant in
+exploits, patient in toils, charitable to the needy, and steadfastly
+adhering to the truth, even at the hazard of his life. Of all these
+great and small parts a good knight-errant is composed."
+
+
+  THE TEXT.
+
+  Could I recall departed joy,
+    Though barred the hopes of greater gain,
+  Or now the future hours employ
+    That must succeed my present pain.
+
+
+  THE PARAPHRASE.
+
+  All fortune's blessings disappear,
+    She's fickle as the wind;
+  And now I find her as severe
+    As once I thought her kind.
+  How soon the fleeting pleasures passed!
+  How long the lingering sorrows last!
+    Unconstant goddess, in thy haste,
+  Do not thy prostrate slave destroy,
+    I'd ne'er complain, but bless my fate,
+  _Could I recall departed joy._
+
+  Of all thy gifts I beg but this,
+    Glut all mankind with more,
+  Transport them with redoubled bliss,
+    But only mine restore.
+  With thought of pleasure once possessed,
+  I'm now as cursed as I was blessed:
+    Oh, would the charming hours return,
+  How pleased I'd live, how free from pain,
+    I ne'er would pine, I ne'er would mourn.
+  _Though barred the hopes of greater gain._
+
+  But oh, the blessing I implore
+    Not fate itself can give!
+  Since time elapsed exists no more,
+    No power can bid it live.
+  Our days soon vanish into naught,
+  And have no being but in thought.
+    Whate'er began must end at last,
+  In vain we twice would youth enjoy,
+    In vain would we recall the past,
+  _Or now the future hours employ._
+
+  Deceived by hope, and racked by fear,
+    No longer life can please;
+  I'll then no more its torments bear,
+    Since death so soon can ease.
+  This hour I'll die--but, let me pause--
+  A rising doubt my courage awes.
+    Assist, ye powers that rule my fate,
+  Alarm my thoughts, my rage restrain,
+    Convince my soul there's yet a state
+  _That must succeed my present pain._
+
+
+  O Flattery, how potent is thy sway! How wide the bounds of
+  thy pleasing jurisdiction!
+
+
+_On the story of Pyramus and Thisbe._
+
+  SONNET.
+
+  The nymph who Pyramus with love inspired
+  Pierces the wall, with equal passion fired:
+  Cupid from distant Cyprus thither flies,
+  And views the secret breach with laughing eyes.
+
+  Here silence, vocal, mutual vows conveys,
+  And whispering eloquent, their love betrays:
+  Though chained by fear, their voices dare not pass,
+  Their souls, transmitted through the chink, embrace.
+
+  Ah, woful story of disastrous love!
+  Ill-fated haste that did their ruin prove!
+  One death, one grave, unite the faithful pair,
+  And in one common fame their memories share.
+
+
+  No parents can see the deformity of their own children, and
+  still stronger is this self-deception with respect to the
+  offspring of the mind.
+
+
+At parting, Don Quixote addressing himself to Don Lorenzo: "I know not,"
+said he, "whether I have already told your worship, but if I have, let
+me now repeat the intimation, that when you are inclined to take the
+shortest and easiest road to the inaccessible summit of the temple of
+fame, you have no more to do, but to leave on one side the path of
+poetry, which is pretty narrow, and follow that of knight-errantry,
+which, though the narrowest of all others, will conduct you to the
+throne of empire in the turning of a straw."
+
+
+Riches are able to solder abundance of flaws.
+
+Every sheep to its like.
+
+Let every goose a gander choose.
+
+
+AN ACCOUNT OF THE MARRIAGE OF CAMACHO THE RICH; AND ALSO THE ADVENTURE
+OF BASILIUS THE POOR.
+
+"Come with us, and you will see one of the greatest and richest weddings
+that has ever been celebrated in La Mancha, or for many leagues round."
+
+"The nuptials of some prince, I presume?" said Don Quixote.
+
+"No," replied the scholar, "only that of a farmer and a country maid: he
+the wealthiest in this part of the country, and she the most beautiful
+that eyes ever beheld. The preparations are very uncommon: for the
+wedding is to be celebrated in a meadow near the village where the bride
+lives, who is called Quiteria the Fair, and the bridegroom Camacho the
+Rich: she is about the age of eighteen, and he twenty-two, both equally
+matched, though some nice folks, who have all the pedigrees of the world
+in their heads, pretend that the family of Quiteria the Fair has the
+advantage over that of Camacho; but that is now little regarded, for
+riches are able to solder up abundance of flaws. In short, this same
+Camacho is as liberal as a prince; and, intending to be at some cost in
+this wedding, has taken it into his head to convert a whole meadow into
+a kind of arbor, shading it so that the sun itself will find some
+difficulty to visit the green grass beneath. He will also have
+morris-dances, both with swords and bells; for there are people in the
+village who jingle and clatter them with great dexterity. As to the
+number of shoe-clappers[10] invited, it is impossible to count them; but
+what will give the greatest interest to this wedding is the effect it
+is expected to have on the slighted Basilius.
+
+"This Basilius is a swain of the same village as Quiteria; his house is
+next to that of her parents, and separated only by a wall, whence Cupid
+took occasion to revive the ancient loves of Pyramus and Thisbe: for
+Basilius was in love with Quiteria from his childhood, and she returned
+his affection with a thousand modest favors, insomuch that the loves of
+the two children, Basilius and Quiteria, became the common talk of the
+village. When they were grown up, the father of Quiteria resolved to
+forbid Basilius the usual access to his family; and to relieve himself
+of all fears on his account, he determined to marry his daughter to the
+rich Camacho; not choosing to bestow her on Basilius, whose endowments
+are less the gifts of fortune than of nature: in truth he is the most
+active youth we know; a great pitcher of the bar, an excellent wrestler,
+a great player at cricket, runs like a buck, leaps like a wild goat, and
+plays at ninepins as if by witchcraft; sings like a lark, and touches a
+guitar delightfully and, above all, he handles a sword like the most
+skilful fencer."
+
+It now began to grow dark, and as they approached the village there
+appeared before them a new heaven, blazing with innumerable stars. At
+the same time they heard the sweet and mingled sounds of various
+instruments--such as flutes, tambourines, psalters, cymbals, drums, and
+bells; and, drawing still nearer, they perceived a spacious arbor,
+formed near the entrance into the town, hung round with lights that
+shone undisturbed by the breeze; for it was so calm that not a leaf was
+seen to move. The musicians, who are the life and joy of such festivals,
+paraded in bands up and down this delightful place, some dancing, others
+singing, and others playing upon different instruments: in short,
+nothing was there to be seen but mirth and pleasure. Several were
+employed in raising scaffolds, from which they might commodiously behold
+the shows and entertainments of the following day, that were to be
+dedicated to the nuptial ceremony of the rich Camacho and the obsequies
+of poor Basilius.
+
+If he is poor he cannot think to wed Quiteria. A pleasant fancy,
+forsooth, for a fellow who has not a groat in his pocket to look for a
+yoke-mate above the clouds. Faith, sir, in my opinion a poor man should
+be contented with what he finds, and not be seeking for truffles at the
+bottom of the sea.
+
+The first thing that presented itself to Sancho's sight was a whole
+bullock spitted upon a large elm. The fire it was roasted by was
+composed of a middling mountain of wood, and round it were placed six
+pots, not cast in common moulds; for they were half-jars, each
+containing a whole shamble of flesh; and entire sheep were sunk and
+swallowed up in them, as commodiously as if they were only so many
+pigeons. The hares ready cased, and the fowls ready plucked, that hung
+about upon the branches, in order to be buried in the caldrons, were
+without number. Infinite was the wild fowl and venison hanging about the
+trees, that the air might cool them. Sancho counted above threescore
+skins, each of above twenty-four quarts, and all, as appeared
+afterwards, full of generous wines.
+
+There were also piles of the whitest bread, arranged like heaps of wheat
+on the threshing-floor, and cheeses, piled up in the manner of bricks,
+formed a kind of wall. Two caldrons of oil, larger than dyers' vats,
+stood ready for frying all sorts of batter-ware; and, with a couple of
+stout peels, they shovelled them up when fried, and forthwith immersed
+them in a kettle of prepared honey that stood near. The men and women
+cooks were about fifty in number, all clean, all active, and all in good
+humor. In the bullock's distended belly were sewed up a dozen sucking
+pigs, to make it savory and tender. The spices of various kinds, which
+seemed to have been bought, not by the pound, but by the hundredweight,
+were deposited in a great chest, and open to every hand. In short the
+preparation for the wedding was all rustic, but in sufficient abundance
+to have feasted an army.
+
+Sancho beheld all with wonder and delight. The first that captivated and
+subdued his inclinations were the flesh-pots, out of which he would have
+been glad to have filled a moderate pipkin; next the wine-skins drew his
+affections; and lastly the products of the frying-pans--if such
+capacious vessels might be so called; and, being unable any longer to
+abstain, he ventured to approach one of the busy cooks, and in
+persuasive and hungry terms begged leave to sop a luncheon of bread in
+one of the pots.
+
+To which the cook answered, "This, friend, is not a day for hunger to be
+abroad--thanks to rich Camacho. Alight, and look about you for a ladle
+to skim out a fowl or two, and much good may they do you."
+
+"I see no ladle," answered Sancho.
+
+"Stay," said the cook. "Heaven save me, what a helpless varlet!" So
+saying, he laid hold of a kettle, and sousing it into one of the
+half-jars, he fished out three pullets and a couple of geese, and said
+to Sancho, "Eat, friend, and make your breakfast of this scum, to stay
+your stomach till dinner-time."
+
+"I have nothing to put it in," answered Sancho.
+
+"Then take ladle and all," quoth the cook; "for Camacho's riches and joy
+supply everything."
+
+While Sancho was thus employed, Don Quixote stood observing the entrance
+of a dozen peasants at one side of the spacious arbor, each mounted on a
+beautiful mare, in rich and gay caparisons, hung round with little
+bells. They were clad in holiday apparel, and in a regular troop made
+sundry careers about the meadow, with a joyful Moorish cry of "Long live
+Camacho and Quiteria! he as rich as she is fair, and she the fairest of
+the world!"
+
+Don Quixote hearing this, said to himself, "These people, it is plain,
+have never seen my Dulcinea del Toboso; otherwise they would have been
+less extravagant in the praise of their Quiteria."
+
+Soon after there entered, on different sides of the arbor, various sets
+of dancers, among which was one consisting of four-and-twenty
+sword-dancers; handsome, sprightly swains, all arrayed in fine white
+linen, and handkerchiefs wrought with several colors of fine silk. One
+of those mounted on horseback inquired of a young man who led the
+sword-dance, whether any of his comrades were hurt.
+
+"No," replied the youth; "thank Heaven, as yet we are all well;" and
+instantly he twined himself in among his companions with so many turns,
+and so dexterously, that though Don Quixote had often seen such dances
+before, none had ever pleased him so well. Another dance also delighted
+him much, performed by twelve damsels, young and beautiful, all clad in
+green stuff of Cuenza, having their hair partly plaited, and partly
+flowing, all of golden hue, rivalling the sun itself, and covered with
+garlands of jessamine, roses and woodbine. They were led up by a
+venerable old man and an ancient matron, to whom the occasion had given
+more agility than might have been expected from their years. A Zamora
+bagpipe regulated their motions, which being no less sprightly and
+graceful than their looks were modest and maidenly, more lovely dancers
+were never seen in the world.
+
+A pantomimic dance now succeeded, by eight nymphs, divided into two
+ranks--"Cupid" leading the one, and "Interest," the other; the former
+equipped with wings, bow, quiver, and arrows; the latter gorgeously
+apparelled with rich and variously colored silks, embroidered with gold.
+The nymphs in Cupid's band displayed their names, written in large
+letters on their backs. "Poetry" was the first: then succeeded
+"Discretion," "Good Lineage," and "Valor." The followers of "Interest"
+were "Liberality," "Bounty," "Wealth," and "Security." This band was
+preceded by a wooden castle, drawn by savages, clad so naturally in ivy
+and green cloth, coarse and shaggy, that Sancho was startled. On the
+front and sides of the edifice was written, "The Castle of Reserve."
+Four skilful musicians played on the tabor and pipe; Cupid began the
+dance, and after two movements, he raised his eyes, and bending his bow,
+pointed an arrow towards a damsel that stood on the battlements of the
+castle; at the same time addressing to her the following verses:--
+
+  CUPID'S ADDRESS.
+
+  I am the god whose power extends
+    Through the wide ocean, earth, and sky;
+  To my soft sway all nature bends,
+    Compelled by beauty to comply.
+
+  Fearless I rule, in calm and storm,
+    Indulge my pleasure to the full;
+  Things deemed impossible perform,
+    Bestow, resume, ordain, annul.
+
+Cupid, having finished his address, shot an arrow over the castle, and
+retired to his station; upon which Interest stepped forth, and after two
+similar movements, the music ceasing, he said:--
+
+  My power exceeds the might of love,
+    For Cupid bows to me alone;
+  Of all things framed by heaven above,
+    The most respected, sought, and known.
+
+  My name is Interest; mine aid
+    But few obtain, though all desire:
+  Yet shall thy virtue, beauteous maid,
+    My constant services acquire.
+
+Interest then withdrew, and Poetry advanced; and, fixing her eyes on the
+damsel of the castle, she said:--
+
+  Let Poetry, whose strain divine
+    The wondrous power of song displays,
+  Her heart to thee, fair nymph, consign,
+    Transported in melodious lays:
+
+  If haply thou wilt not refuse
+    To grant my supplicated boon,
+  Thy fame shall, wafted by the muse,
+    Surmount the circle of the moon.
+
+Poetry having retired from the side of Interest, Liberality advanced;
+and, after making her movements, said:--
+
+  My name is Liberality,
+    Alike beneficent and wise,
+  To shun wild prodigality,
+    And sordid avarice despise.
+  Yet, for thy favor lavish grown,
+    A prodigal I mean to prove;
+  An honorable vice I own,
+    But giving is the test of love.
+
+In this manner all the figures of the two parties advanced and
+retreated, and each made its movements and recited its verses, some
+elegant, and some ridiculous of which Don Quixote, who had a very good
+memory, treasured up the foregoing only.
+
+
+The bridal pair proceeded towards a theatre on one side of the arbor,
+decorated with tapestry and garlands, where the nuptial ceremony was to
+be performed, and whence they were to view the dances and shows
+prepared for the occasion. Immediately on their arrival at that place, a
+loud noise was heard at a distance, amidst which a voice was
+distinguished calling aloud, "Hold a little, rash and thoughtless
+people!" On turning their heads they saw that these words were uttered
+by a man who was advancing towards them, clad in a black doublet, welted
+with flaming crimson. He was crowned with a garland of mournful cypress,
+and held in his hand a large truncheon; and, as he drew near, all
+recognized the gallant Basilius, and waited in fearful expectation of
+some disastrous result from this unseasonable visit.
+
+At length he came up, tired and out of breath, and placed himself just
+before the betrothed couple; then, pressing his staff, which was pointed
+with steel, into the ground, he fixed his eyes on Quiteria, and in a
+broken and tremulous voice thus addressed her: "Ah, false and forgetful
+Quiteria, well thou knowest that, by the laws of our holy religion, thou
+canst not marry another man whilst I am living; neither art thou
+ignorant that, while waiting till time and mine own industry should
+improve my fortune, I have never failed in the respect due to thy honor.
+But thou hast cast aside every obligation due to my lawful love, and art
+going to make another man master of what is mine: a man who is not only
+enriched, but rendered eminently happy by his wealth; and, in obedience
+to the will of Heaven, the only impediment to his supreme felicity I
+will remove, by withdrawing this wretched being. Long live the rich
+Camacho with the ungrateful Quiteria! Long and happily may they live,
+and let poor Basilius die, who would have risen to good fortune had not
+poverty clipped his wings and laid him in an early grave!"
+
+So saying, he plucked his staff from the ground, and, drawing out a
+short tuck, to which it had served as a scabbard, he fixed what might be
+called the hilt into the ground, and, with a nimble spring and resolute
+air, he threw himself on the point, which, instantly appearing at his
+back, the poor wretch lay stretched on the ground, pierced through and
+through, and weltering in his blood.
+
+His friends, struck with horror and grief, rushed forward to help him,
+and Don Quixote, dismounting, hastened also to lend his aid, and taking
+the dying man in his arms, found that he was still alive. They would
+have drawn out the tuck, but the priest who was present thought that it
+should not be done till he had made his confession; as, the moment it
+was taken out of his body he would certainly expire. But Basilius, not
+having quite lost the power of utterance, in a faint and doleful voice
+said: "If, cruel Quiteria, in this my last and fatal agony, thou wouldst
+give me thy hand, as my spouse, I should hope my rashness might find
+pardon in heaven, since it procured me the blessing of being thine."
+Upon which the priest advised him to attend rather to the salvation of
+his soul than to his bodily appetites, and seriously implore pardon of
+God for his sins, especially for this last desperate action. Basilius
+replied that he could not make any confession till Quiteria had given
+him her hand in marriage as that would be a solace to his mind, and
+enable him to confess his sins.
+
+Don Quixote, hearing the wounded man's request, said, in a loud voice,
+that Basilius had made a very just and reasonable request, and,
+moreover, a very practicable one; and that it would be equally honorable
+for Signor Camacho to take Quiteria, a widow of the brave Basilius, as
+if he received her at her father's hand; nothing being required but the
+simple word, "Yes," which could be of no consequence, since, in these
+espousals, the nuptial bed must be the grave. Camacho heard all this,
+and was perplexed and undecided what to do or say; but so much was he
+importuned by the friends of Basilius to permit Quiteria to give him her
+hand, and thereby save his soul from perdition, that they at length
+moved, nay forced him to say that if it pleased Quiteria to give it to
+him, he should not object, since it was only delaying for a moment the
+accomplishment of his wishes. They all immediately applied to Quiteria,
+and, with entreaties, tears, and persuasive arguments, pressed and
+importuned her to give her hand to Basilius; but she, harder than
+marble, and more immovable than a statue, returned no answer, until the
+priest told her that she must decide promptly, as the soul of Basilius
+was already between his teeth, and there was no time for hesitation.
+
+Then the beautiful Quiteria, in silence, and to all appearance troubled
+and sad, approached Basilius, whose eyes were already turned in his
+head, and he breathed short and quick, muttering the name of Quiteria,
+and giving tokens of dying more like a heathen than a Christian. At
+last Quiteria, kneeling down by him, made signs to him for his hand.
+Basilius unclosed his eyes, and fixing them steadfastly upon her, said
+"O Quiteria! thou relentest at a time when thy pity is a sword to put a
+final period to this wretched life; for now I have not strength to bear
+the glory thou conferrest upon me in making me thine, nor will it
+suspend the pain which shortly will veil my eyes with the dreadful
+shadow of death. What I beg of thee, O fatal star of mine! is that thou
+give not thy hand out of compliment, or again to deceive me, but to
+declare that thou bestowest it upon me as thy lawful husband, without
+any compulsion on thy will--for it would be cruel in this extremity to
+deal falsely or impose on him who has been so true to thee."
+
+Here he fainted, and the bystanders thought his soul was just departing.
+Quiteria, all modesty and bashfulness, taking Basilius's right hand in
+hers, said: "No force would be sufficient to bias my will; and
+therefore, with all the freedom I have, I give thee my hand to be thy
+lawful wife, and receive thine, if it be as freely given, and if the
+anguish caused by thy rash act doth not trouble and prevent thee."
+
+"Yes, I give it thee," answered Basilius, "neither discomposed nor
+confused, but with the clearest understanding that Heaven was ever
+pleased to bestow on me; and so I give and engage myself to be thy
+husband."
+
+"And I to be thy wife," answered Quiteria, "whether thou livest many
+years, or art carried from my arms to the grave."
+
+"For one so much wounded," observed Sancho, "this young man talks a
+great deal. Advise him to leave off his courtship and mind the business
+of his soul; though to my thinking he has it more on his tongue than
+between his teeth."
+
+Basilius and Quiteria being thus, with hands joined, the tender-hearted
+priest, with tears in his eyes, pronounced the benediction upon them,
+and prayed to Heaven for the repose of the bridegroom's soul; who, as
+soon as he had received the benediction, suddenly started up, and nimbly
+drew out the tuck which was sheathed in his body. All the spectators
+were astonished, and some more simple than the rest cried out "A
+miracle, a miracle!" But Basilius replied, "no miracle, no miracle, but
+a stratagem, a stratagem!"
+
+The priest, astonished and confounded, ran to feel, with both his hands,
+the wound, and found that the sword had passed, not through Basilius's
+flesh and ribs, but through a hollow iron pipe, cunningly fitted to the
+place, and filled with blood, so prepared as not to congeal. In short,
+the priests, Camacho, and the rest of the spectators, found they were
+imposed upon, and completely duped. The bride showed no signs of regret
+at the artifice: on the contrary, hearing it said the marriage, as being
+fraudulent, was not valid, she said that she confirmed it anew; it was,
+therefore, generally supposed that the matter had been concerted with
+the privity and concurrence of both parties; which so enraged Camacho
+and his friends that they immediately had recourse to vengeance, and
+unsheathing abundance of swords they fell upon Basilius, in whose
+behalf as many more were instantly drawn, and Don Quixote, leading the
+van on horseback, his lance upon his arm, and well covered with his
+shield, made them all give way.
+
+Don Quixote cried aloud, "Hold, sirs, hold! It is not right to avenge
+the injuries committed against us by love. Remember that the arts of
+warfare and courtship are in some points alike; in war, stratagems are
+lawful, so likewise are they in the conflicts and rivalships of love, if
+the means employed be not dishonorable. Quiteria and Basilius were
+destined for each other by the just and favoring will of Heaven. Camacho
+is rich, and may purchase his pleasure when, where and how he pleases.
+Basilius has but this one ewe-lamb; and no one, however powerful, has a
+right to take it from him; for those whom God hath joined let no man
+sunder, and whoever shall attempt it must first pass the point of this
+lance." Then he brandished it with such vigor and dexterity that he
+struck terror into all those who did not know him.
+
+Quiteria's disdain made such an impression upon Camacho, that he
+instantly banished her from his heart. The persuasions, therefore, of
+the priest, who was a prudent, well-meaning man, had their effect;
+Camacho and his party sheathed their weapons and remained satisfied,
+blaming rather the fickleness of Quiteria than the cunning of Basilius.
+With much reason Camacho thought within himself that if Quiteria loved
+Basilius when a virgin, she would love him also when married, and that
+he had more cause to thank Heaven for so fortunate an escape than to
+repine at the loss he had sustained. The disappointed bridegroom and
+his followers, being thus consoled and appeased, those of Basilius were
+so likewise; and the rich Camacho, to show that his mind was free from
+resentment, would have the diversions and entertainments go on as if
+they had been really married. The happy pair, however, not choosing to
+share in them, retired to their own dwelling, accompanied by their
+joyful adherents; for, if the rich man can draw after him attendants and
+flatterers, the poor man who is virtuous and deserving is followed by
+friends who honor and support him.
+
+Don Quixote joined the party of Basilius, having been invited by them as
+a person of worth and bravery; while Sancho, finding it impossible to
+remain and share the relishing delights of Camacho's festival, which
+continued till night, with a heavy heart accompanied his master, leaving
+behind the flesh-pots of Egypt, the skimmings of which, though now
+almost consumed, still reminded him of the glorious abundance he had
+lost.
+
+"If love only were to be considered," said Don Quixote, "parents would
+no longer have the privilege of judiciously matching their children.
+Were daughters left to choose for themselves, there are those who would
+prefer their father's serving-man, or throw themselves away on some
+fellow they might chance to see in the street, mistaking, perhaps, an
+impostor and swaggering poltroon for a gentleman, since passion too
+easily blinds the understanding, so indispensably necessary in deciding
+on that most important point, matrimony, which is peculiarly exposed to
+the danger of a mistake, and therefore needs all the caution that human
+prudence can supply, aided by the particular favor of Heaven. A person
+who proposes to take a long journey, if he is prudent, before he sets
+forward will look out for some safe and agreeable companion; and should
+not he who undertakes a journey for life use the same precaution,
+especially as his fellow-traveller is to be his companion at bed and
+board and in all other situations? The wife is not a commodity which,
+when once bought, you can exchange or return; the marriage bargain, once
+struck, is irrevocable. It is a noose which, once thrown about the neck,
+turns to a Gordian knot, and cannot be unloosed till cut asunder by the
+scythe of death."
+
+
+  By the streets of "by-and-by" one arrives at the house of
+  "never."
+
+  God who gives the wound sends the cure.
+
+  Nobody knows what is to come. A great many hours come in
+  between this and to-morrow; and in one hour, yea, in one
+  minute, down falls the house. I have seen rain and sunshine
+  at the same moment. A man may go to bed well at night and
+  not be able to stir next morning: and tell me who can boast
+  of having driven a nail in fortune's wheel?
+
+  Between the yes and no of a woman I would not undertake to
+  thrust the point of a pin.
+
+"Love, as I have heard say, wears spectacles, through which copper looks
+like gold, rags like rich apparel, and specks in the eye like pearls."
+
+"A curse on thee, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "what wouldst thou be at?
+When once thy stringing of proverbs begins, Judas alone--I wish he had
+thee!--can have patience to the end. Tell me, animal! what knowest thou
+of nails and wheels, or of anything else?"
+
+"Oh, if I am not understood," replied Sancho, "no wonder that what I say
+passes for nonsense. But no matter for that,--I understand myself.
+Neither have I said many foolish things, only your worship is such a
+cricket."
+
+"Critic, not cricket, fool! thou corrupter of good language!" said the
+knight.
+
+"Pray, sir, do not be so sharp upon me," answered Sancho, "for I was not
+bred at court nor studied in Salamanca, to know whether my words have a
+letter short or one too many. As Heaven shall save me, it is
+unreasonable to expect that beggarly Sayagnes should talk like Toledans;
+nay, even some of them are not over-nicely spoken."
+
+  Purity, propriety, and elegance of style will always be
+  found among polite, well-bred, and sensible men.
+
+  I have heard it said of your fencers that they can thrust
+  you the point of a sword through the eye of a needle.
+
+O happy thou above all that live on the face of the earth, who, neither
+envying nor envied, canst take thy needful rest with tranquillity of
+soul, neither persecuted by enchanters nor affrighted by their
+machinations! Sleep on! a hundred times I say, sleep on! No jealousies
+on thy lady's account keep thee in perpetual watchings, nor do anxious
+thoughts of debts unpaid awake thee; nor care how on the morrow thou and
+thy little straitened family shall be provided for. Ambition disquiets
+thee not, nor does the vain pomp of the world disturb thee; for thy
+chief concern is the care of thy ass, since to me is committed the
+comfort and protection of thine own person,--a burden imposed on the
+master by nature and custom. The servant sleeps, and the master lies
+awake considering how he is to maintain, assist, and do him kindness.
+The pain of seeing the heavens obdurate in withholding the moisture
+necessary to refresh the earth touches only the master, who is bound to
+provide in times of sterility and famine for those who served him in the
+season of fertility and abundance.
+
+
+  So much thou art worth as thou hast, and so much thou hast
+  as thou art worth.
+
+  There are only two families in the world,--the have
+  somethings and the have nothings. Nowadays we are apt to
+  feel more often the pulse of property than of wisdom.
+
+  An ass with golden trappings makes a better appearance than
+  a horse with a pack-saddle.
+
+
+"That ought not to be called deception which aims at a virtuous end,"
+said Don Quixote; "and no end is more excellent than the marriage of
+true lovers; though love," added he, "has its enemies, and none greater
+than hunger and poverty, for love is all gayety, joy, and content."
+
+
+SANCHO PANZA ON DEATH.
+
+"In good sooth, signor," said the squire, "there is no trusting to Mrs.
+Ghostly, I mean Death, who gobbles up the gosling as well as the goose;
+and, as I have heard our curate observe, tramples down the lofty turrets
+of the prince as well as the lowly cottage of the swain. That same lady,
+who is more powerful than coy, knows not what it is to be dainty and
+squeamish; but eats of everything, and crams her wallet with people of
+all nations, degrees, and conditions; she is none of your laborers that
+take their afternoon's nap, but mows at all hours, cutting down the dry
+stubble as well as the green grass; nor does she seem to chew, but
+rather swallows and devours everything that falls in her way; for she is
+gnawed by a dog's hunger that is never satisfied; and though she has no
+belly, plainly shows herself dropsical, and so thirsty as to drink up
+the lives of all the people upon earth, just as one would swallow a
+draught of cool water."
+
+"Enough, friend Sancho," cried the knight, interrupting him in this
+place; "keep thyself well, now thou art in order, and beware of
+stumbling again; for really a good preacher could not speak more to the
+purpose than thou hast spoken upon Death, in thy rustic manner of
+expression; I say unto thee, Sancho, if thy discretion were equal to thy
+natural parts, thou mightest ascend the pulpit, and go about teaching
+and preaching to admiration."
+
+"He is a good preacher who is a good liver," answered Panza, "and that
+is all the divinity I know."
+
+"And that is sufficient," said the knight; "yet I shall never understand
+or comprehend, as the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom, how thou,
+who art more afraid of a lizard than of thy Maker, should be so wise?"
+
+"Signor," replied Sancho, "I desire your worship would determine in your
+own affairs of chivalry, without taking the trouble to judge of other
+people's valor or fears; for my own part, I am as pretty a fearer of God
+as one would desire to see in any neighbor's child; wherefore, I beseech
+your worship, let me discuss this same scum; for everything else is idle
+chat, of which we shall be able to give a bad account in the other
+world."
+
+"The poor man of honor (if a poor man can deserve that title) possesses,
+in a beautiful wife, a jewel; and when that is taken away, he is
+deprived of his honor, which is murdered; a beautiful and chaste woman,
+whose husband is poor, deserves to be crowned with laurel and palms of
+triumph; for beauty alone attracts the inclinations of those who behold
+it; just as the royal eagle and soaring hawk stoop to the savory lure;
+but if that beauty is incumbered by poverty and want, it is likewise
+attacked by ravens, kites, and other birds of prey; and if she who
+possesses it firmly withstands all these assaults, she well deserves to
+be called the crown of her husband.
+
+"Take notice, dearest Basilius," added the knight, "it was the opinion
+of a certain sage, that there was but one good wife in the whole world;
+and he advised every husband to believe she had fallen to his share, and
+accordingly be satisfied with his lot. I myself am not married, nor
+hitherto have I entertained the least thought of changing my condition;
+nevertheless, I will venture to advise him who asks my advice, in such a
+manner, that he may find a woman to his wish; in the first place, I
+would exhort him to pay more regard to reputation than to fortune; for a
+virtuous woman does not acquire a good name merely by being virtuous;
+she must likewise maintain the exteriors of deportment, for the honor of
+the sex suffers much more from levity and freedom of behavior in public,
+than from any private misdeeds. If thou bringest a good woman to thy
+house, it will be an easy task to preserve and even improve her virtue;
+but, shouldst thou choose a wife of a different character, it will cost
+thee abundance of pains to mend her; for it is not very practicable to
+pass from one extreme to another; I do not say it is altogether
+impossible, though I hold it for a matter of much difficulty."
+
+
+  The ox that is loose is best licked.
+
+
+Sancho, who had been attentive to the student's discourse, said: "Tell
+me, sir--so may heaven send you good luck with your books--can you
+resolve me--but I know you can, since you know every thing--who was the
+first man that scratched his head? I for my part am of opinion it must
+have been our father Adam."
+
+"Certainly," answered the scholar; "for there is no doubt but Adam had a
+head and hair; and, this being granted, he, being the first man in the
+world, must needs have been the first who scratched his head."
+
+"That is what I think," said Sancho; "but tell me now, who was the first
+tumbler in the world?"
+
+"Truly, brother," answered the scholar, "I cannot determine that point
+till I have given it some consideration, which I will surely do when I
+return to my books, and will satisfy you when we see each other again,
+for I hope this will not be the last time."
+
+"Look ye, sir," replied Sancho, "be at no trouble about the matter, for
+I have already hit upon the answer to my question. Know, then, that the
+first tumbler was Lucifer, when he was cast or thrown headlong from
+heaven, and came tumbling down to the lowest abyss."
+
+"Sancho," quoth Don Quixote, "thou hast said more than thou art aware
+of; for some there are who bestow much labor in examining and explaining
+things which when known are not worth recollecting."
+
+
+  I am thoroughly satisfied that all the pleasures of this
+  life pass away like a shadow or dream, or fade like a flower
+  of the field.
+
+  Patience, and shuffle the cards.
+
+  We are all bound to respect the aged.
+
+  Tell me thy company and I will tell thee what thou art.
+
+  Whatever is uncommon appears impossible.
+
+
+THE BRAYING ALDERMEN.
+
+"You must know, gentlemen, that in a town four leagues and a half from
+this place, a certain alderman happened to lose his ass, all through the
+artful contrivance (too long to be told) of a wench his maid-servant;
+and though he tried every means to recover his beast, it was to no
+purpose. Fifteen days passed, as public fame reports, after the ass was
+missing, and while the unlucky alderman was standing in the
+market-place, another alderman of the same town came up to him, and
+said, 'Pay me for my good news, gossip, for your ass has made its
+appearance.'
+
+"'Most willingly, neighbor,' answered the other; 'but tell me--where has
+he been seen?'
+
+"'On the mountain,' answered the other; 'I saw him there this morning,
+with no panel or furniture upon him of any kind, and so lank that it was
+grievous to behold him. I would have driven him before me and brought
+him to you, but he is already become so shy that when I went near him he
+took to his heels and fled to a distance from me. Now, if you like it we
+will both go seek him; but first let me put up this of mine at home, and
+I will return instantly.'
+
+"'You will do me a great favor,' said the owner of the lost ass, 'and I
+shall be happy at any time to do as much for you.'
+
+"In short the two aldermen, hand in hand and side by side, trudged
+together up the hill; and on coming to the place where they expected to
+find the ass, they found him not, nor was he anywhere to be seen, though
+they made diligent search. Being thus disappointed, the alderman who had
+seen him said to the other, 'Hark you, friend, I have thought of a
+stratagem by which we shall certainly discover this animal, even though
+he had crept into the bowels of the earth, instead of the mountain; and
+it is this: I can bray marvellously well, and if you can do a little in
+that way the business is done.'
+
+"'A little, say you, neighbor?' quoth the other, 'before Heaven, in
+braying I yield to none--no, not to asses themselves.'
+
+"'We shall soon see that,' answered the second alderman; 'go you on one
+side of the mountain, while I take the other, and let us walk round it,
+and every now and then you shall bray, and I will bray; and the ass will
+certainly hear and answer us, if he still remains in these parts.'
+'Verily, neighbor, your device is excellent, and worthy your good
+parts,' said the owner of the ass.
+
+"They then separated, according to agreement, and both began braying at
+the same instant, with such marvellous truth of imitation that, mutually
+deceived, each ran towards the other, not doubting but that the ass was
+found; and, on meeting, the loser said, 'Is it possible, friend, that it
+was not my ass that brayed?'
+
+"'No, it was I,' answered the other.
+
+"'I declare, then,' said the owner, 'that, as far as regards braying,
+there is not the least difference between you and an ass; for in my life
+I never heard anything more natural.'
+
+"'These praises and compliments,' answered the author of the stratagem,
+'belong rather to you than to me, friend; for by Him that made me, you
+could give the odds of two brays to the greatest and most skilful brayer
+in the world; for your tones are rich, your time correct, your notes
+well sustained, and cadences abrupt and beautiful; in short, I own
+myself vanquished, and yield to you the palm in this rare talent.'
+
+"'Truly,' answered the ass owner, 'I shall value and esteem myself the
+more henceforth, since I am not without some endowment. It is true, I
+fancy that I brayed indifferently well, yet never flattered myself that
+I excelled so much as you are pleased to say.'
+
+"'I tell you,' answered the second, 'there are rare abilities often lost
+to the world, and they are ill-bestowed on those who know not how to
+employ them to advantage.'
+
+"'Right, brother,' quoth the owner, 'though, except in cases like the
+present, ours may not turn to much account; and even in this business,
+Heaven grant it may prove of service.'
+
+"This said, they separated again, to resume their braying; and each time
+were deceived as before, and met again, till they at length agreed, as a
+signal, to distinguish their own voices from that of the ass, that they
+should bray twice together, one immediately after the other. Thus,
+doubling their brayings, they made the tour of the whole mountain,
+without having any answer from the stray ass, not even by signs. How,
+indeed, could the poor creature answer, whom at last they found in a
+thicket, half devoured by wolves? On seeing the body, the owner said,
+'Truly, I wondered at his silence; for, had he not been dead, he
+certainly would have answered us, or he were no true ass; nevertheless,
+neighbor, though I have found him dead, my trouble in the search has
+been well repaid in listening to your exquisite braying.'
+
+"'It is in good hands, friend,' answered the other; 'for if the abbot
+sings well, the novice comes not far behind him.'
+
+"Hereupon they returned home hoarse and disconsolate, and told their
+friends and neighbors all that had happened to them in their search
+after the ass; each of them extolling the other for his excellence in
+braying. The story spread all over the adjacent villages, and the devil,
+who sleeps not, as he loves to sow discord wherever he can, raising a
+bustle in the wind, and mischief out of nothing, so ordered it that all
+the neighboring villagers, at the sight of any of our towns-people,
+would immediately begin to bray, as it were hitting us in the teeth with
+the notable talent of our aldermen. The boys fell to it, which was the
+same as falling into the hands and mouths of a legion of devils; and
+thus braying spread far and wide, insomuch that the natives of the town
+of Bray are as well known and distinguished as the negroes are from
+white men. And this unhappy jest has been carried so far that our people
+have often sallied out in arms against their scoffers, and given them
+battle: neither king nor rook, nor fear nor shame, being able to
+restrain them. Tomorrow, I believe, or next day, those of our town will
+take the field against the people of another village about two leagues
+from us, being one of those which persecute us most: and I have brought
+the lances and halberds which you saw, that we may be well prepared for
+them."
+
+
+  The hypocrite who cloaks his knavery is less dangerous to
+  the commonwealth than he who transgresses in the face of
+  day.
+
+  He who only wears the garb of piety does less harm than the
+  professed sinner.
+
+  I had rather serve the king in his wars abroad, than be the
+  lackey of any beggarly courtier at home.
+
+  There is nothing more honorable, next to the service which
+  you owe to God, than to serve your king and natural lord,
+  especially in the profession of arms, which, if less
+  profitable than learning, far exceeds it in glory. More
+  great families, it is true, have been established by
+  learning, yet there is in the martial character a certain
+  splendor, which seems to exalt it far above all other
+  pursuits. But allow me, sir, to offer you a piece of advice,
+  which, believe me, you will find worth your attention. Never
+  suffer your mind to dwell on the adverse events of your
+  life; for the worst that can befall you is death, and when
+  attended with honor there is no event so glorious. Julius
+  Cæsar, that valorous Roman, being asked which was the kind
+  of death to be preferred, "That," said he, "which is sudden
+  and unforeseen!"
+
+  Though he answered like a heathen, who knew not the true
+  God, yet, considering human infirmity, it was well said.
+  For, supposing you should be cut off in the very first
+  encounter, either by cannon-shot or the springing of a mine,
+  what does it signify? it is but dying, which is inevitable,
+  and, being over, there it ends. Terence observes that the
+  corpse of a man who is slain in battle looks better than the
+  living soldier who has saved himself by flight; and the good
+  soldier rises in estimation according to the measure of his
+  obedience to those who command him. Observe, moreover, my
+  son, that a soldier had better smell of gunpowder than of
+  musk; and if old age overtakes you in this noble profession,
+  though lame and maimed, and covered with wounds, it will
+  find you also covered with honor; and of such honor as
+  poverty itself cannot deprive you. From poverty, indeed, you
+  are secure; for care is now taken that veteran and disabled
+  soldiers shall not be exposed to want, nor be treated as
+  many do their negro slaves, when old and past service,
+  turning them out of their houses, and, under pretence of
+  giving them freedom, leave them slaves to hunger, from which
+  they can have no relief but in death.
+
+  There are often rare abilities lost to the world that are
+  but ill-bestowed on those who do not know how to employ them
+  to advantage.
+
+  Who reads and travels much, sees and learns much.
+
+  It is the prerogative of God alone to truly comprehend all
+  things. To Him there is nothing past or future. Everything
+  is present.
+
+  There is nothing that Time, the discoverer of all things,
+  will not bring to light, even though it be hidden in the
+  bowels of the earth.
+
+  Length begets loathing.
+
+  Heaven is merciful, and sends relief in the greatest
+  distress.
+
+  Affectation is the devil.
+
+  Heaven help every one to what is their just due, but let us
+  have plain dealing.
+
+  When choler once is born,
+  The tongue all curb doth scorn.
+
+  When a brave man flies, he must have discovered foul play.
+
+  To retire is not to fly. The valor which has not prudence
+  for its basis is termed rashness, and the successful
+  exploits of the rash are rather to be ascribed to good
+  fortune than to courage.
+
+  Other men's pains are easily borne.
+
+  He who errs and mends, Himself to Heaven commends.
+
+  Those who sin and kiss the rod, Find favor in the sight of
+  God.
+
+  If you obey the commands of your lord, You may sit as a
+  guest at his board.
+
+  In this world there is nothing but plots and counter-plots,
+  mines and countermines.
+
+  A good paymaster needs no surety; and where there is plenty,
+  dinner is soon dressed.
+
+  Often the hare starts where she is least expected.
+
+  I have heard it said that the power called Nature is like a
+  potter, who, if he can make one beautiful vessel, can in
+  like manner make two, three, ay, and a hundred.
+
+  Wit and gay conceits proceed not from dull heads.
+
+  Every man must speak of his wants wherever he may be.
+
+  Modesty is as becoming a knight-errant as courage.
+
+  The master is respected in proportion to the discretion and
+  good breeding of his servants.
+
+  Who sets up for a talker and a wit, sinks at the first trip
+  into a contemptible buffoon.
+
+  The weapons of gownsmen, like those of women, are their
+  tongues.
+
+  Keep company with the good, and you will be one of them.
+
+  Not where you were born, but where you were bred.
+
+  Well sheltered shall he be
+  Who leans against a sturdy tree.
+
+  An affront must come from a person who not only gives it,
+  but who can maintain it when it is given; an injury may come
+  from any hand.
+
+  He who can receive no affront can give none.
+
+  One must live long to see much.
+
+  He who lives long; must suffer much.
+
+  To deprive a knight-errant of his mistress is to rob him of
+  the eyes with which he sees, the sun by which he is
+  enlightened, and the support by which he is maintained. I
+  have many times said, and now I repeat the observation, that
+  a knight-errant without a mistress is like a tree without
+  leaves, a building without cement, and a shadow without the
+  substance by which it is produced.
+
+  Possessing beauty without blemish, dignity without pride,
+  love with modesty, politeness springing from courtesy, and
+  courtesy from good breeding, and, finally, of illustrious
+  descent: for the beauty that is of a noble race shines with
+  more splendor than that which is meanly born.
+
+  Virtue ennobles blood, and a virtuous person of humble birth
+  is more estimable than a vicious person of rank.
+
+  I must inform your graces that Sancho Panza is one of the
+  most pleasant squires that ever served a knight-errant.
+  Sometimes his simplicity is so arch, that to consider
+  whether he is more fool or wag yields abundance of pleasure.
+  He has roguery enough to pass for a knave, and absurdities
+  sufficient to confirm him a fool. He doubts everything and
+  believes everything; and often, when I think he is going to
+  discharge nonsense, he will utter apothegms that will raise
+  him to the skies. In a word, I would not exchange him for
+  any other squire, even with a city to boot; and therefore I
+  am in doubt whether or not it will be expedient to send him
+  to that government which your grace has been so good as to
+  bestow upon him, although I can perceive in him a certain
+  aptitude for such an office; so that, when his understanding
+  is a very little polished, he will agree with any
+  government, like the king with his customs; for we know by
+  repeated experience that great talents and learning are not
+  necessary in a governor, as there are a hundred at least who
+  govern like gerfalcons, though they can hardly read their
+  mother tongue. Provided their intention is righteous and
+  their desire to do justice, they will never want counsellors
+  to direct them in every transaction, like your military
+  governors, who being illiterate themselves, never decide
+  without the advice of an assessor. I shall advise him
+  corruption to eschew, but never quit his due, and inculcate
+  some other small matters that are in my head, which, in
+  process of time, may redound to his own interest as well as
+  to the advantage of the island under his command.
+
+  The customs of countries, or of great men's houses, are good
+  as far as they are agreeable.
+
+"Faith, madam," quoth Sancho, "that same scruple is an honest scruple,
+and need not speak in a whisper, but plain out, or as it lists; for I
+know it says true, and had I been wise, I should long since have left my
+master but such is my lot, or such my evil-errantry, I cannot help
+it,--follow him I must. We are both of the same town; I have eaten his
+bread; I love him, and he returns my love; he gave me his ass-colts.
+Above all, I am faithful, so that nothing in the world, can part us but
+the sexton's spade and shovel; and if your highness does not choose to
+give me the government you promised, God made me without it, and perhaps
+it may be all the better for my conscience if I do not get it; for fool
+as I am, I understand the proverb, 'The pismire had wings to her
+sorrow;' and perhaps it may be easier for Sancho the squire to get to
+heaven than for Sancho the governor. They make as good bread here as in
+France, and by night all cats are gray. Unhappy is he who has not
+breakfasted at three, and no stomach is a span bigger than another, and
+may be filled as they say, with straw or with hay.
+
+"Of the little birds in the air, God himself takes the care; and four
+yards of coarse cloth of Cuenza are warmer than as many of fine Segovia
+serge; and in travelling from this world to the next, the road is no
+wider for the prince than the peasant. The Pope's body takes up no more
+room than that of the sexton, though a loftier person, for in the grave
+we must pack close together whether we like it or not; so good-night to
+all.
+
+"And let me tell you again that if your highness will not give me the
+island because I am a fool, I will be wise enough not to care a fig for
+it. I have heard say the devil lurks behind the cross; all is not gold
+that glitters. From the plough-tail Bamba was raised to the throne of
+Spain, and from his riches and revels was Roderigo cast down to be
+devoured by serpents, if ancient ballads tell the truth."
+
+
+  None shall dare the loaf to steal
+  From him that sifts and kneads the meal.
+
+  An old dog is not to be coaxed with a crust.
+
+  No man is ever a scholar at his birth, and bishops are made
+  of men, not of stones.
+
+  There is a Judge in heaven who knows the heart.
+
+  A good name is better than tons of gold.
+
+
+"And you, Signor Panza, be quiet and leave the care of making much of
+Dapple to me; for being a jewel of Sancho's, I will lay him upon the
+apple of my eye."
+
+"Let him lie in the stable, my good lady," answered Sancho, "for upon
+the apple of your grandeur's eye neither he nor I are worthy to lie one
+single moment,--'slife! they should stick me like a sheep sooner than I
+would consent to such a thing; for though my master says that, in
+respect to good manners, we should rather lose the game by a card too
+much than too little, yet, when the business in hand is about asses and
+eyes, we should step warily, with compass in hand."
+
+"Carry him, Sancho," quoth the Duchess, "to your government, and there
+you may regale him as you please, and set him free from further labor."
+
+"Think not, my lady Duchess," quoth Sancho, "that you have said much,
+for I have seen more asses than one go to governments, and therefore, if
+I should carry mine, it would be nothing new."
+
+
+SANCHO'S PLIGHT.
+
+The Duke and Duchess were extremely diverted with the humors of their
+two guests; and resolving to improve their sport by practising some
+pleasantries that should have the appearance of a romantic adventure,
+they contrived to dress up a very choice entertainment from Don
+Quixote's account of the Cave of Montesinos, taking that subject
+because the Duchess had observed with astonishment that Sancho now
+believed his lady Dulcinea was really enchanted, although he himself had
+been her sole enchanter! Accordingly, after the servants had been well
+instructed as to their deportment towards Don Quixote, a boar-hunt was
+proposed, and it was determined to set out in five or six days with a
+princely train of huntsmen. The knight was presented with a hunting suit
+proper for the occasion, which, however, he declined, saying that he
+must soon return to the severe duties of his profession, when, having no
+sumpters nor wardrobes, such things would be superfluous. But Sancho
+readily accepted a suit of fine green cloth which was offered to him,
+intending to sell it the first opportunity.
+
+The appointed day being come, Don Quixote armed himself, and Sancho in
+his new suit mounted Dapple (which he preferred to a horse that was
+offered him) and joined the troop of hunters. The Duchess issued forth
+magnificently attired, and Don Quixote, out of pure politeness, would
+hold the reins of the palfrey, though the Duke was unwilling to allow
+it. Having arrived at the proposed scene of their diversion, which was
+in a wood between two lofty mountains, they posted themselves in places
+where the toils were to be pitched; and all the party having taken their
+different stations, the sport began with prodigious noise and clamor,
+insomuch that between the shouts of the huntsmen, the cry of the hounds,
+and the sound of the horns, they could not hear each other.
+
+The Duchess alighted, and with a boar-spear in her hand, took her stand
+in a place where she expected the boars would pass. The Duke and Don
+Quixote dismounted also, and placed themselves by her side; while Sancho
+took his station behind them all, with his Dapple, whom he would not
+quit, lest some mischance should befall him. Scarcely had they ranged
+themselves in order when a hideous boar of monstrous size rushed out of
+cover, pursued by the dogs and hunters, and made directly towards them,
+gnashing his teeth and tossing foam with his mouth.
+
+Don Quixote, on seeing him approach, braced his shield, and drawing his
+sword, stepped before the rest to meet him. The Duke joined him with his
+boar-spear, and the Duchess would have been the foremost had not the
+Duke prevented her. Sancho alone stood aghast, and at the sight of the
+fierce animal, leaving even his Dapple, ran in terror towards a lofty
+oak, in which he hoped to be secure; but his hopes were in vain, for, as
+he was struggling to reach the top, and had got half-way up,
+unfortunately a branch to which he clung, gave way, and falling with it,
+he was caught by the stump of another, and here left suspended in the
+air, so that he could neither get up nor down.
+
+Finding himself in this situation, with his new green coat tearing, and
+almost in reach of the terrible creature should it chance to come that
+way, he began to bawl so loud and to call for help so vehemently, that
+all who heard him and did not see him thought verily he was between the
+teeth of some wild beast. The tusked boar, however, was soon laid at
+length by the numerous spears that were levelled at him from all sides,
+at which time Sancho's cries and lamentations reached the ears of Don
+Quixote, who, turning round, beheld him hanging from the oak with his
+head downwards, and close by him stood Dapple, who never forsook him in
+adversity,--indeed, it was remarked by Cid Hamet, that he seldom saw
+Sancho Panza without Dapple, or Dapple without Sancho Panza, such was
+the amity and cordial love that subsisted between them!
+
+Don Quixote hastened to the assistance of his squire, who was no sooner
+released than he began to examine the rent in his hunting suit, which
+grieved him to the soul, for he looked upon that suit as a rich
+inheritance.
+
+The huge animal they had slain was laid across a sumpter-mule, and after
+covering it with branches of rosemary and myrtle, they carried it, as
+the spoils of victory, to a large field-tent, erected in the midst of
+the wood, where a sumptuous entertainment was prepared, worthy of the
+magnificence of the donor. Sancho, showing the wounds of the torn
+garments to the Duchess, said: "Had hares or birds been our game, I
+should not have had this misfortune. For my part I cannot think what
+pleasure there can be in beating about for a monster that, if it reaches
+you with a tusk, may be the death of you. There is an old ballad which
+says,--
+
+"'May fate of Fabila be thine,
+  And make thee food for bears or swine.'"
+
+
+"That Fabila," said Don Quixote, "was a king of the Goths, who, going to
+the chase, was devoured by a bear."
+
+"What I mean," quoth Sancho, "is, that I would not have kings and other
+great folks run into such dangers merely for pleasure; and, indeed,
+methinks it ought to be none to kill poor beasts that never meant any
+harm."
+
+"You are mistaken, Sancho," said the duke, "hunting wild beasts is the
+most proper exercise for knights and princes. The chase is an image of
+war: there you have stratagems, artifices, and ambuscades to be
+employed, in order to overcome your enemy with safety to yourself.
+There, too, you are often exposed to the extremes of cold and heat;
+idleness and ease are despised; the body acquires health and vigorous
+activity: in short, it is an exercise which may be beneficial to many
+and injurious to none. Besides, it is not a vulgar amusement, but, like
+hawking, is the peculiar sport of the great. Therefore, Sancho, change
+your opinion before you become a governor, for then you will find your
+account in these diversions."
+
+"Not so, i' faith," replied Sancho, "the good governor and the broken
+leg should keep at home. It would be fine, indeed, for people to come
+after him about business and find him gadding in the mountains for his
+pleasure. At that rate what would become of his government? In good
+truth, sir, hunting and such like pastimes are rather for your idle
+companions than for governors. The way I mean to divert myself shall be
+with brag at Easter and at bowls on Sundays and holidays; as for your
+hunting, it befits neither my condition nor conscience."
+
+"Heaven grant you prove as good as you promise," said the duke, "but
+saying and doing are often wide apart."
+
+"Be that as it will," replied Sancho, "the good paymaster wants no pawn;
+and God's help is better than early rising, and the belly carries the
+legs, and not the legs the belly,--I mean that, with the help of Heaven
+and a good intention, I warrant I shall govern better than a gos-hawk.
+Ay, ay, let them put their fingers in my mouth and try whether or not I
+can bite."
+
+"A curse upon thy proverbs," said Don Quixote, "when will the day come
+that I shall hear thee utter one coherent sentence without that base
+intermixture! Let this blockhead alone, I beseech your excellencies, He
+will grind your souls to death, not between two, but two thousand
+proverbs, all timed as well and as much to the purpose as I wish God may
+grant him health, or me, if I desire to hear them."
+
+"Sancho Panza's proverbs," said the duchess, "though more numerous than
+those of the Greek commentator, are equally admirable for their
+sententious brevity."
+
+  He who has been a good squire will never be a bad governor.
+
+  A bad cloak often covers a good drinker.
+
+  When a friend drinks one's health, who can be so
+  hard-hearted as not to pledge him?
+
+  God's help is better than early rising.
+
+  Flame may give light and bonfires may illuminate, yet we may
+  easily be burnt by them; but music is always a sign of
+  feasting and merriment.
+
+
+THE ACCOUNT OF THE METHOD PRESCRIBED TO DON QUIXOTE FOR DISENCHANTING
+DULCINEA; WITH OTHER WONDERFUL EVENTS.
+
+As the agreeable music approached, they observed that it attended a
+stately triumphal car, drawn by six gray mules covered with white linen,
+and upon each of them rode a penitent of light, clothed also in white,
+and holding a lighted torch in his hand. The car was more than double
+the size of the others which had passed, and twelve penitents were
+ranged in order within it, all carrying lighted torches,--a sight which
+at once caused surprise and terror. Upon an elevated throne sat a nymph,
+covered with a thousand veils of silver tissue, bespangled with
+innumerable flowers of gold, so that her dress, if not rich, was gay and
+glittering. Over her head was thrown a transparent gauze, so thin that
+through its folds might be seen a most beautiful face; and from the
+multitude of lights, it was easy to discern that she was young as well
+as beautiful, for she was evidently under twenty years of age, though
+not less than seventeen. Close by her sat a figure, clad in a
+magnificent robe reaching to the feet, having his head covered with a
+black veil.
+
+The moment this vast machine arrived opposite to where the duke and
+duchess and Don Quixote stood, the attending music ceased, as well as
+the harps and lutes within the car. The figure in the gown then stood
+up, and throwing open the robe and uncovering his face; displayed the
+ghastly countenance of death, looking so terrific that Don Quixote
+started, Sancho was struck with terror, and even the duke and duchess
+seemed to betray some symptoms of fear. This living Death, standing
+erect, in a dull and drowsy tone and with a sleepy articulation, spoke
+as follows:--
+
+  THE ENCHANTER'S ERRAND.
+
+  Merlin I am, miscalled the devil's son
+  In lying annals, authorized by time;
+  Monarch supreme, and great depositary
+  Of magic art and Zoroastic skill;
+  Rival of envious ages, that would hide
+  The glorious deeds of errant cavaliers,
+  Favored by me and my peculiar charge.
+  Though vile enchanters, still on mischief bent,
+  To plague mankind their baleful art employ,
+  Merlin's soft nature, ever prone to good,
+  His power inclines to bless the human race.
+
+  In Hades' chambers, where my busied ghost
+  Was forming spells and mystic characters,
+  Dulcinea's voice, peerless Tobosan maid,
+  With mournful accents reached my pitying ears;
+  I knew her woe, her metamorphosed form,
+  From high-born beauty in a palace graced,
+  To the loathed features of a cottage wench.
+  With sympathizing grief I straight revolved
+  The numerous tomes of my detested art,
+  And in the hollow of this skeleton
+  My soul enclosing, hither am I come,
+  To tell the cure of such uncommon ills.
+
+  O glory thou of all that case their limbs
+  In polished steel and fenceful adamant!
+  Light, beacon, polar star, and glorious guide
+  Of all who, starting from the lazy down,
+  Banish ignoble sleep for the rude toil
+  And hardy exercise of errant arms!
+  Spain's boasted pride, La Mancha's matchless knight,
+  Whose valiant deeds outstrip pursuing fame!
+  Wouldst thou to beauty's pristine state restore
+  The enchanted dame, Sancho, thy faithful squire,
+  Must to his brawny buttocks, bare exposed,
+  Three thousand and three hundred stripes apply,
+  Such as may sting and give him smarting pain:
+  The authors of her change have thus decreed,
+  And this is Merlin's errand from the shades.
+
+THE PARLEY ABOUT THE PENANCE.
+
+"What!" quoth Sancho, "three thousand lashes! Odd's-flesh! I will as
+soon give myself three stabs as three single lashes, much less three
+thousand! The devil take this way of disenchanting! I cannot see what my
+buttocks have to do with enchantments. Before Heaven! if Signor Merlin
+can find out no other way to disenchant the lady Dulcinea del Toboso,
+enchanted she may go to her grave for me!"
+
+"Not lash thyself! thou garlic-eating wretch!" quoth Don Quixote; "I
+shall take thee to a tree, and tie thee naked as thou wert born, and
+there, not three thousand and three hundred, but six thousand six
+hundred lashes will I give thee, and those so well laid on that three
+thousand three hundred hard tugs shall not tug them off. So answer me
+not a word, scoundrel! for I will tear thy very soul out!"
+
+"It must not be so," said Merlin; "the lashes that honest Sancho is to
+receive must not be applied by force, but with his good-will, and at
+whatever time he pleases, for no term is fixed; and furthermore, he is
+allowed, if he please, to save himself half the trouble of applying so
+many lashes, by having half the number laid on by another hand, provided
+that hand be somewhat heavier than his own."
+
+"Neither another hand nor my own," quoth Sancho, "no hand, either heavy
+or light, shall touch my flesh. Was the lady Dulcinea brought forth by
+me that my posteriors must pay for the transgressions of her eyes? My
+master, indeed, who is part of her, since at every step he is calling
+her his life, his soul, his support and stay,--he it is who ought to
+lash himself for her and do all that is needful for her delivery; but
+for me to whip myself,--no, I pronounce it!"
+
+No sooner had Sancho thus declared himself than the spangled nymph who
+sat by the side of Merlin arose, and throwing aside her veil, discovered
+a face of extraordinary beauty; and with a masculine air and no very
+amiable voice, addressed herself to Sancho: "O wretched squire, with no
+more soul than a pitcher! thou heart of cork and bowels of flint! hadst
+thou been required, nose-slitting thief! to throw thyself from some
+high tower; hadst thou been desired, enemy of human kind! to eat a dozen
+of toads, two dozen of lizards, and three dozen of snakes; hadst thou
+been requested to kill thy wife and children with some bloody and sharp
+scimitar,--no wonder if thou hadst betrayed some squeamishness; but to
+hesitate about three thousand three hundred lashes, which there is not a
+wretched school-boy but receives every month, it amazes, stupefies, and
+affrights the tender bowels of all who hear it, and even of all who
+shall hereafter be told it. Cast, thou marble-hearted wretch!--cast, I
+say, those huge goggle eyes upon these lovely balls of mine, that shine
+like glittering stars, and thou wilt see them weep, drop by drop, and
+stream after stream, making furrows, tracks, and paths down these
+beautiful cheeks! Relent, malicious and evil-minded monster! Be moved by
+my blooming youth, which, though yet in its teens, is pining and
+withering beneath the vile bark of a peasant wench; and if at this
+moment I appear otherwise, it is by the special favor of Signor Merlin,
+here present, hoping that these charms may soften that iron heart, for
+the tears of afflicted beauty turn rocks into cotton and tigers into
+lambs. Lash, untamed beast! lash away on that brawny flesh of thine, and
+rouse from that base sloth which only inclines thee to eat and eat
+again, and restore to me the delicacy of my skin, the sweetness of my
+temper, and all the charms of beauty. And if for my sake thou wilt not
+be mollified into reasonable compliance, let the anguish of that
+miserable knight stir thee to compassion,--thy master, I mean, whose
+soul I see sticking crosswise in his throat, not ten inches from his
+lips, waiting only thy cruel or kind answer either to fly out of his
+mouth or to return joyfully into his bosom."
+
+Don Quixote, here putting his finger to his throat, "Before Heaven!"
+said he, "Dulcinea is right, for I here feel my soul sticking in my
+throat like the stopper of a crossbow!"
+
+"What say you to that, Sancho?" quoth the duchess.
+
+"I say, madam," answered Sancho, "what I have already said, that as to
+the lashes, I pronounce them."
+
+"_Renounce_, you should say, Sancho," quoth the duke, "and not
+pronounce."
+
+"Please your grandeur to let me alone," replied Sancho, "for I cannot
+stand now to a letter more or less. These lashes so torment me that I
+know not what I say or do. But I would fain know one thing from the Lady
+Dulcinea del Toboso, and that is, where she learnt her manner of asking
+a favor? She comes to desire me to tear my flesh with stripes, and at
+the same time lays upon me such a bead-roll of ill names that the devil
+may bear them for me. What! does she think my flesh is made of brass? or
+that I care a rush whether she is enchanted or not? Where are the
+presents she has brought to soften me? Instead of a basket of fine linen
+shirts, night-caps, and socks (though I wear none), here is nothing but
+abuse. Every one knows that 'the golden load is a burden light;' that
+'gifts will make their way through stone walls;' 'pray devoutly and
+hammer on stoutly;' and 'one take is worth two I'll give thee's.'
+There's his worship my master, too, instead of wheedling and coaxing me
+to make myself wool and carded cotton, threatens to tie me naked to a
+tree and double the dose of stripes. These tender-hearted gentlefolks
+ought to remember, too, that they not only desire to have a squire
+whipped, but a governor, making no more of it than saying, 'Drink with
+your cherries.' Let them learn,--plague take them!--let them learn how
+to ask and entreat, and mind their breeding. All times are not alike,
+nor are men always in a humor for all things. At this moment my heart is
+ready to burst with grief to see this rent in my jacket, and people come
+to desire that I would also tear my flesh, and that, too, of my own good
+will. I have just as much mind to the thing as to turn Turk."
+
+"In truth, friend Sancho," said the duke, "if you do not relent and
+become softer than a ripe fig, you finger no government. It were good
+indeed, that I should send my islanders a cruel flinty-hearted governor;
+one who relents not at the tears of afflicted damsels, nor at the
+entreaties of wise, awful, and ancient enchanters, and sages. In fine,
+Sancho, either you must whip yourself, or let others whip you, or be no
+governor."
+
+"My lord," answered Sancho, "may I not be allowed two days to consider
+what is best for me to do?"
+
+"No, in no wise," quoth Merlin; "here, at this instant and upon this
+spot, the business must be settled: or Dulcinea must return to
+Montesinos' cave, and to her former condition of a country wench; or
+else in her present form be carried to the Elysian fields, where she
+must wait till the number of lashes be fulfilled."
+
+"Come, honest Sancho," quoth the duchess, "be of good cheer, and show
+gratitude for the bread you have eaten of your master Don Quixote, whom
+we are all bound to serve for his good qualities and his high
+chivalries. Say, yes, son, to this whipping bout, and the devil take the
+devil, and let the wretched fear; for a good heart breaks bad fortune,
+as you well know."
+
+"Hark you, Signor Merlin," quoth Sancho, addressing himself to the sage;
+"pray will you tell me one thing--how comes it about that the
+devil-courier just now brought a message to my master from Signor
+Montesinos, saying that he would be here anon, to give directions about
+this disenchantment; and yet we have seen nothing of them all this
+while?"
+
+"Pshaw!" replied Merlin, "the devil is an ass and a lying rascal; he was
+sent from me and not from Montesinos, who is still in his cave
+contriving, or rather awaiting, the end of his enchantment, for the tail
+is yet unflayed. If he owes you money, or you have any other business
+with him, he shall be forthcoming in a trice, when and where you think
+fit; and therefore come to a decision, and consent to this small
+penance, from which both your soul and body will receive marvellous
+benefit; your soul by an act of charity, and your body by a wholesome
+and timely bloodletting."
+
+"How the world swarms with doctors," quoth Sancho, "the very enchanters
+seem to be of a trade! Well, since everybody tells me so, though the
+thing is out of all reason, I promise to give myself the three thousand
+three hundred lashes, upon condition that I may lay them on whenever I
+please, without being tied to days or times; and I will endeavor to get
+out of debt as soon as I possibly can, that the beauty of my lady
+Dulcinea del Toboso may shine forth to all the world; as it seems she is
+really beautiful, which I much doubted. Another condition is, that I
+will not be bound to draw blood, and if some lashes happen only to
+fly-flap, they shall all go into the account. Moreover if I should
+mistake in the reckoning, Signor Merlin here, who knows everything,
+shall give me notice how many I want or have exceeded."
+
+"As for exceedings, there is no need of keeping account of them,"
+answered Merlin; "for when the number is completed, that instant will
+the lady Dulcinea del Toboso be disenchanted, and come full of gratitude
+in search of good Sancho, to thank and even reward him for the generous
+deed. So that no scruples are necessary about surplus and deficiency;
+and Heaven forbid that I should allow anybody to be cheated of a single
+hair of their head."
+
+"Go to, then, in God's name," quoth Sancho; "I must submit to my ill
+fortune: I say I consent to the penance upon the conditions I have
+mentioned."
+
+No sooner had Sancho pronounced his consent than the innumerable
+instruments poured forth their music, the volleys of musketry were
+discharged, while Don Quixote clung about Sancho's neck, giving him, on
+his forehead and brawny cheeks, a thousand kisses; the duke and duchess,
+and all who were present, likewise testified their satisfaction. The car
+now moved on, and in departing the fair Dulcinea bowed her head to the
+duke and duchess, and made a low curtesy to Sancho.
+
+By this time the cheerful and joyous dawn began to appear, the flowerets
+of the fields expanded their fragrant beauties to the light; and brooks
+and streams, in gentle murmurs, ran to pay expecting rivers in their
+crystal tribute. The earth rejoiced, the sky was clear, and the air
+serene and calm; all, combined and separately, giving manifest tokens
+that the day, which followed fast upon Aurora's heels, would be bright
+and fair. The duke and duchess, having happily executed their ingenious
+project, returned highly gratified to their castle, and determined on
+the continuation of fictions which afforded more pleasures than
+realities.
+
+
+SANCHO PANZA'S LETTER TO HIS WIFE TERESA PANZA.
+
+If I have been finely lashed, I have been finely mounted up: if I have
+got a good government, it has cost me many good lashes. This, my dear
+Teresa, thou canst not understand at present; another time thou wilt.
+
+Thou must know, Teresa, that I am determined that thou shalt ride in thy
+coach, which is somewhat to the purpose, for all other ways of going are
+no better than creeping upon all fours, like a cat. Thou shalt be a
+governor's wife; see then whether anybody will dare to tread on thy
+heels. I here send thee a green hunting-suit which my lady duchess gave
+me; fit it up so that it may serve our daughter for a jacket and
+petticoat. They say in this country that my master Don Quixote is a
+sensible madman and a pleasant fool, and that I am not a whit behind
+him. We have been in Montesino's cave, and the sage Merlin, the wizard,
+has pitched upon me to disenchant the Lady Dulcinea del Toboso, who
+among you is called Aldonza Lorenzo. When I have given myself three
+thousand and three hundred lashes, lacking five, she will be as free
+from enchantment as the mother that bore her.
+
+Say nothing of this to anybody; for, bring your affairs into council,
+and one will cry it is white, another it is black. A few days hence I
+shall go to the government, whither I go with a huge desire to get
+money; and I am told it is the same with all new governors. I will first
+see how matters stand, and send thee word whether or not thou shalt come
+to me.
+
+Dapple is well, and sends thee his hearty service; part with him I will
+not, though I were made the great Turk. The duchess, my mistress, kisses
+thy hands a thousand times over. Return her two thousand; for, as my
+master says, nothing is cheaper than civil words. God has not been
+pleased to throw in my way another portmanteau and another hundred
+crowns, as once before; but take no heed, my dear Teresa, for he that
+has the game in his hand need not mind the loss of a trick,--the
+government will make up for all. One thing only troubles me: I am told
+if I once try it I shall eat my very fingers after it; and if so, it
+will not be much of a bargain, though, indeed, the crippled and maimed
+enjoy a petty canonry in the alms they receive; so that, one way or
+another, thou art sure to be rich and happy. God send it may be so, as
+He easily can, and keep me for thy sake.
+
+Thy husband, the governor,
+SANCHO PANZA.
+From this Castle, the 20th of July, 1614.
+
+
+THE KNIGHT REPROVED.
+
+After a thousand courtly compliments mutually interchanged, Don Quixote
+advanced towards the table, between the duke and duchess, and, on
+preparing to seat themselves, they offered the upper end to Don Quixote,
+who would have declined it but for the pressing importunities of the
+duke. The ecclesiastic seated himself opposite to the knight, and the
+duke and duchess on each side.
+
+Sancho was present all the while, in amazement to see the honor paid by
+those great people to his master; and, whilst the numerous entreaties
+and ceremonies were passing between the duke and Don Quixote, before he
+would sit down at the head of the table, he said: "With your honor's
+leave I will tell you a story of what happened in our town about seats."
+
+Don Quixote immediately began to tremble, not doubting that he was going
+to say something absurd. Sancho observed him, and, understanding his
+looks, he said: "Be not afraid, sir, of my breaking loose or saying
+anything that is not pat to the purpose. I have not forgotten the advice
+your worship gave me awhile ago about talking much or little, well or
+ill."
+
+"I remember nothing, Sancho," answered Don Quixote; "say what thou wilt,
+so as thou sayst it quickly."
+
+"What I would say," quoth Sancho, "is very true, for my master, Don
+Quixote, who is present, will not suffer me to lie."
+
+"Lie as much as thou wilt for me, Sancho," replied Don Quixote, "I shall
+not hinder thee; but take heed what thou art going to say."
+
+"I have heeded it over and over again, so that it is as safe as if I had
+the game in my hand, as you shall presently see."
+
+"Your graces will do well," said Don Quixote, "to order this blockhead
+to retire, that you may get rid of his troublesome folly."
+
+"By the life of the duke," quoth the duchess, "Sancho shall not stir a
+jot from me. I have a great regard for him, and am assured of his
+discretion."
+
+"Many happy years may your holiness live," quoth Sancho, "for the good
+opinion you have of me, little as I deserve it. But the tale I would
+tell is this--
+
+"A certain gentleman of our town, very rich and of a good family,--for
+he was descended from the Alamos of Medina del Campo, and married Donna
+Mencia de Quinnones, who was daughter to Don Alonzo de Maranon, knight
+of the order of St. James, the same that was drowned in the Herradura,
+about whom that quarrel happened in our town, in which it was said my
+master Don Quixote had a hand, and Tommy the mad-cap, son of Balvastro
+the blacksmith, was hurt. Pray, good master of mine, is not all this
+true? Speak, I beseech you, that their worships may not take me for some
+lying prater."
+
+"As yet," said the ecclesiastic, "I take you rather for a prater than
+for a liar; but I know not what I shall next take you for."
+
+"Thou hast produced so many witnesses and so many proofs," said Don
+Quixote, "that I cannot but say thou mayst probably be speaking truth;
+but, for Heaven's sake, shorten thy story, or it will last these two
+days."
+
+"He shall shorten nothing," quoth the duchess; "and to please me, he
+shall tell it his own way, although he were not to finish these six
+days; and, should it last so long, they would be to me days of delight."
+
+"I must tell you, then," proceeded Sancho, "that this same
+gentleman--whom I know as well as I do my right hand from my left, for
+it is not a bow-shot from my house to his--invited a husbandman to dine
+with him,--a poor man, but mainly honest."
+
+"On, friend," said the chaplain, "for, at the rate you proceed, your
+tale will not reach its end till you reach the other world."
+
+"I shall stop," replied Sancho, "before I get half-way thither, if it
+please Heaven! This same farmer coming to the house of the gentleman his
+inviter--God rest his soul, for he is dead and gone; and, moreover, died
+like an angel, as it is said,--for I was not by myself, being at that
+time gone a reaping to Tembleque."
+
+"Prithee, son," said the ecclesiastic, "come back quickly from
+Tembleque, and stay not to bury the gentleman, unless you are determined
+upon more burials. Pray make an end of your tale."
+
+"The business, then," quoth Sancho, "was this, that, they being ready
+to sit down to table,--methinks I see them plainer than ever."
+
+The duke and duchess were highly diverted at the impatience of the good
+ecclesiastic, and at the length and pauses of Sancho's tale; but Don
+Quixote was almost suffocated with rage and vexation.
+
+"I say, then," quoth Sancho, "that, as they were both standing before
+the dinner-table, just ready to sit down, the farmer insisted that the
+gentleman should take the upper end of the table, and the gentleman as
+positively pressed the farmer to take it, saying he ought to be master
+in his own house. But the countryman, piquing himself upon his good
+breeding, still refused to comply, till the gentleman, losing all
+patience, laid both his hands upon the farmer's shoulders, and made him
+sit down by main force, saying, 'Sit thee down, clod-pole! for in
+whatever place I am seated, that is the upper end to thee.' That is my
+tale, and truly I think it comes in here pretty much to the purpose."
+
+
+  All things are not alike, nor are men always in a humor for
+  all things.
+
+  Leave fear to the cowardly.
+
+  A stout heart quails misfortune.
+
+  Letters written in blood cannot be disputed.
+
+  If you seek advice about your own concerns, one will say it
+  is white and another will swear it is black.
+
+  Nothing is so reasonable and cheap as good manners.
+
+  He is safe who has good cards to play.
+
+  Avarice bursts the bag, and the covetous governor doeth
+  ungoverned justice.
+
+  The law's measure
+  Is the king's pleasure.
+
+  The game is as often lost by a card too many as one too few;
+  but a word to the wise is sufficient.
+
+  Come, death, with gently-stealing pace,
+    And take me unperceived away,
+  Nor let me see thy wished-for face,
+    Lest joy my fleeting life should stay.
+
+  The tyrant fair whose beauty sent
+    The throbbing mischief to my heart,
+  The more my anguish to augment,
+    Forbids me to reveal the smart.
+
+  When a thing is once begun, it is almost half finished.
+
+  When the heifer you receive,
+  Have a halter in your sleeve.
+
+  Delay breeds danger.
+
+  Who sits in the saddle must get up first.
+
+  There is nothing so sweet as to command and be obeyed.
+
+  It is a pleasant thing to govern, even though it be but a
+  flock of sheep.
+
+
+INSTRUCTIONS WHICH DON QUIXOTE GAVE TO SANCHO PANZA BEFORE HE WENT TO
+HIS GOVERNMENT; WITH OTHER WELL CONSIDERED MATTERS.
+
+The duke and duchess being so well pleased with the afflicted duenna,
+were encouraged to proceed with other projects, seeing that there was
+nothing too extravagant for the credulity of the knight and squire. The
+necessary orders were accordingly issued to their servants and vassals
+with regard to their behavior towards Sancho in his government of the
+promised island. The day after the flight of Clavileno, the duke bade
+Sancho prepare, and get himself in readiness to assume his office, for
+his islanders were already wishing for him as for rain in May. Sancho
+made a low bow, and said: "Ever since my journey to heaven, when I
+looked down and saw the earth so very small, my desire to be a governor
+has partly cooled: for what mighty matter is it to command on a spot no
+bigger than a grain of mustard-seed; where is the majesty and pomp of
+governing half a dozen creatures no bigger than hazel-nuts? If your
+lordship will be pleased to offer me some small portion of heaven,
+though it be but half a league, I would jump at it sooner than for the
+largest island in the world."
+
+"Look you, friend Sancho," answered the duke, "I can give away no part
+of heaven, not even a nail's breadth; for God has reserved to Himself
+the disposal of such favors: but what it is in my power to give, I give
+you with all my heart; and the island I now present to you is ready
+made, round and sound, well-proportioned, and above measure fruitful,
+and where, by good management, you may yourself, with the riches of the
+earth, purchase an inheritance in heaven."
+
+"Well, then," answered Sancho, "let this island be forthcoming, and it
+shall go hard with me but I will be such a governor that, in spite of
+rogues, heaven will take me in. Nor is it out of covetousness that I
+forsake my humble cottage and aspire to greater things, but the desire I
+have to taste what it is to be a governor."
+
+"If once you taste it, Sancho," quoth the duke, "you will lick your
+fingers after it; so sweet it is to command and be obeyed. And certain I
+am, when your master becomes an emperor, of which there is no doubt, as
+matters proceed so well, it would be impossible to wrest his power from
+him, and his only regret will be that he had it not sooner."
+
+"Faith, sir, you are in the right," quoth Sancho, "it is pleasant to
+govern, though it be but a flock of sheep."
+
+"Let me be buried with you, Sancho," replied the duke, "if you know not
+something of every thing, and I doubt not you will prove a pearl of a
+governor. But enough of this for the present: to-morrow you surely
+depart for your island, and this evening you shall be fitted with
+suitable apparel and with all things necessary for your appointment."
+
+"Clothe me as you will," said Sancho, "I shall still be Sancho Panza."
+
+"That is true," said the duke; "but the garb should always be suitable
+to the office and rank of the wearer: for a lawyer to be habited like a
+soldier, or a soldier like a priest, would be preposterous; and you;
+Sancho, must be clad partly like a scholar and partly like a soldier;
+as, in the office you will hold, arms and learning are united."
+
+"As for learning," replied Sancho, "I have not much of that, for I
+hardly know my A B C; but to be a good governor, it will be enough that
+I am able to make my Christ-cross; and as to arms, I shall handle such
+as are given me till I fall, and so God help me."
+
+"With so good an intention," quoth the duke, "Sancho cannot do wrong."
+
+Here they were joined by Don Quixote, who understanding the subject of
+their conversation, and the short space allotted to Sancho to prepare
+for his departure, took the squire by the hand, with the duke's
+permission, and led him to his apartment, in order to instruct him how
+to behave in his office. Having entered the chamber he locked the door,
+and obliging Sancho to sit down by him, spoke to this effect, in a grave
+and solemn tone:--
+
+"I return infinite thanks to Heaven, friend Sancho, for having ordained
+that, before I myself have met with the least success, good fortune hath
+gone forth to bid thee welcome. I, who had balanced the remuneration of
+thy service in my own prosperity, find myself in the very rudiments of
+promotion; while thou, before thy time, and contrary to all the laws of
+reasonable progression, findest thy desire accomplished: other people
+bribe, solicit, importune, attend levees, entreat, and persevere,
+without obtaining their suit; and another comes, who, without knowing
+why or wherefore, finds himself in possession of that office to which so
+many people laid claim: and here the old saying is aptly introduced, 'A
+pound of good luck is worth a ton of merit.' Thou, who, in comparison to
+me, art doubtless an ignorant dunce, without rising early or sitting up
+late, or, indeed, exerting the least industry: without any pretension
+more or less than that of being breathed upon by knight-errantry, seest
+thyself created governor of an island as if it was a matter of
+moonshine.
+
+"All this I observe, O Sancho, that thou mayst not attribute thy success
+to thy own deserts: but give thanks to heaven for having disposed
+matters so beneficially in thy behalf, and then make thy acknowledgments
+to that grandeur which centres in the profession of knight-errantry. Thy
+heart being thus predisposed to believe what I have said, be attentive,
+O my son, to me who am thy Cato, thy counsellor, thy north-pole and
+guide, to conduct thee into a secure harbor from the tempestuous sea
+into which thou art going to be engulfed; for great posts and offices of
+state are no other than a profound gulf of confusion.
+
+"In the first place, O my son, you are to fear God: the fear of God is
+the beginning of wisdom; and if you are wise you cannot err.
+
+"Secondly, you must always remember who you are, and endeavor to know
+yourself,--a study of all others the most difficult. This self-knowledge
+will hinder you from blowing yourself up like the frog in order to rival
+the size of the ox: if, therefore, you succeed in this learning, the
+consideration of thy having been a swineherd will, like the peacock's
+ugly feet, be a check upon thy folly and pride."
+
+"I own I once took care of hogs when I was a boy," said Sancho; "but,
+after I grew up, I quitted that employment and took care of geese; but I
+apprehend that matter is not of great consequence, for all governors are
+not descended from the kingly race."
+
+"No, sure," answered the knight; "and, for that reason, those who are
+not of noble extraction ought to sweeten the gravity of their function
+with mildness and affability: which, being prudently conducted, will
+screen them from those malicious murmurs that no station can escape.
+
+"Conceal not the meanness of thy family, nor think it disgraceful to be
+descended from peasants; for, when it is seen that thou art not thyself
+ashamed, none will endeavor to make thee so; and deem it more
+meritorious to be a virtuous humble man than a lofty sinner. Infinite is
+the number of those who, born of low extraction, have risen to the
+highest dignities both in church and state; and of this truth I could
+tire thee with examples.
+
+"If thou takest virtue for the rule of life, and valuest thyself upon
+acting in all things conformably thereto, thou wilt have no cause to
+envy lords and princes; for blood is inherited, but virtue is a common
+property and may be acquired by all. It has, moreover, an intrinsic
+worth which blood has not. This being so, if, peradventure, any one of
+thy kindred visit thee in thy government, do not slight nor affront him;
+but receive, cherish, and make much of him, for in so doing thou wilt
+please God, who allows none of His creatures to be despised; and thou
+wilt also manifest therein a well-disposed nature.
+
+"If thou takest thy wife with thee (and it is not well for those who are
+appointed to governments to be long separated from their families),
+teach, instruct, and polish her from her natural rudeness; for it often
+happens that all the consideration a wise governor can acquire is lost
+by an ill-bred and foolish woman.
+
+"If thou shouldst become a widower (an event which is possible), and thy
+station entitles thee to a better match, seek not one to serve thee for
+a hook and angling-rod, or a friar's hood to receive alms in;[11] for,
+believe me, whatever the judge's wife receives, the husband must account
+for at the general judgment, and shall be made to pay fourfold for all
+that of which he has rendered no account during his life.
+
+"Be not under the dominion of thine own will: it is the vice of the
+ignorant, who vainly presume on their own understanding.
+
+"Let the tears of the poor find more compassion, but not more justice,
+from thee than the applications of the wealthy.
+
+"Be equally solicitous to sift out the truth amidst the presents and
+promises of the rich and the sighs and entreaties of the poor.
+
+"Whenever equity may justly temper the rigor of the law, let not the
+whole force of it bear upon the delinquent; for it is better that a
+judge should lean on the side of compassion than severity.
+
+"If, perchance, the scales of justice be not correctly balanced, let the
+error be imputable to pity, not to gold.
+
+"If, perchance, the cause of thine enemy come before thee, forget thy
+injuries, and think only on the merits of the case.
+
+"Let not private affection blind thee in another man's cause; for the
+errors thou shalt thereby commit are often without remedy, and at the
+expense both of thy reputation and fortune.
+
+"When a beautiful woman comes before thee to demand justice, consider
+maturely the nature of her claim, without regarding either her tears or
+her sighs, unless thou wouldst expose thy judgment to the danger of
+being lost in the one, and thy integrity in the other.
+
+"Revile not with words him whom thou hast to correct with deeds; the
+punishment which the unhappy wretch is doomed to suffer is sufficient,
+without the addition of abusive language.
+
+"When the criminal stands before thee, recollect the frail and depraved
+nature of man, and as much as thou canst, without injustice to the
+suffering party, show pity and clemency; for, though the attributes of
+God are all equally adorable, yet His mercy is more shining and
+attractive in our eyes, and strikes with greater lustre, than His
+justice.
+
+"If you observe, and conduct yourself by these rules and precepts,
+Sancho, your days will be long upon the face of the earth; your fame
+will be eternal, your reward complete, and your felicity unutterable;
+your children will be married according to your wish; they and their
+descendants will enjoy titles; you shall live in peace and friendship
+with all mankind; when your course of life is run, death will overtake
+you in a happy and mature old age, and your eyes will be shut by the
+tender and delicate hands of your posterity, in the third or fourth
+generation.
+
+"The remarks I have hitherto made are documents touching the decoration
+of your soul; and now you will listen to the directions I have to give
+concerning thy person and deportment."
+
+
+OF THE SECOND SERIES OF INSTRUCTIONS DON QUIXOTE GAVE TO SANCHO PANZA.
+
+Who that has duly considered Don Quixote's instructions to his squire
+would not have taken him for a person of singular intelligence and
+discretion? But, in truth, as it has often been said in the progress of
+this great history, he raved only on the subject of chivalry; on all
+others he manifested a sound and discriminating understanding; wherefore
+his judgment and his actions appeared continually at variance. But, in
+these second instructions given to Sancho, which showed much ingenuity,
+his wisdom and frenzy are both singularly conspicuous.
+
+During the whole of this private conference, Sancho listened to his
+master with great attention, and endeavored so to register his counsel
+in his mind that he might thereby be enabled to bear the burden of
+government and acquit himself honorably. Don Quixote now proceeded:--
+
+"As to the regulation of thine own person and domestic concerns," said
+he, "in the first place, Sancho, I enjoin thee to be cleanly in all
+things. Keep the nails of thy fingers constantly and neatly pared, nor
+suffer them to grow as some do, who ignorantly imagine that long nails
+beautify the hand, and account the excess of that excrement simply a
+finger-nail, whereas it is rather the talon of the lizard-hunting
+kestrel,--a foul and unsightly object. A slovenly dress betokens a
+careless mind; or, as in the case of Julius Cæsar, it may be attributed
+to cunning.
+
+"Examine prudently the income of thy office, and if it will afford thee
+to give liveries to thy servants, give them such as are decent and
+lasting, rather than gaudy and modish; and what thou shalt thus save in
+thy servants bestow on the poor; so shalt thou have attendants both in
+heaven and earth--a provision which our vain-glorious great never think
+of.
+
+"Eat neither garlic nor onions, lest the smell betray thy rusticity.
+Walk with gravity, and speak deliberately, but not so as to seem to be
+listening to thyself; for affectation is odious.
+
+"Eat little at dinner and less at supper; for the health of the whole
+body is tempered in the laboratory of the stomach.
+
+"Drink with moderation; for inebriety never keeps a secret nor performs
+a promise.
+
+"In the next place, Sancho, do not intermix in thy discourse such a
+multitude of proverbs as thou wert wont to do; for though proverbs are
+concise and pithy sentences, thou dost so often drag them in by the head
+and shoulders that they look more like the ravings of distraction than
+well-chosen apothegms."
+
+"That defect God himself must remedy," said Sancho; "for I have more
+proverbs by heart than would be sufficient to fill a large book; and,
+when I speak, they crowd together in such a manner as to quarrel for
+utterance; so that my tongue discharges them just as they happen to be
+in the way, whether they are or are not to the purpose: but I will take
+care henceforward to throw out those that may be suitable to the gravity
+of my office: for, 'Where there's plenty of meat, the supper will soon
+be complete;' 'He that shuffles does not cut;' 'A good hand makes a
+short game;' and, 'It requires a good brain to know when to give and
+retain.'"
+
+"Courage, Sancho," cried Don Quixote; "squeeze, tack, and string your
+proverbs together; here are none to oppose you. My mother whips me, and
+I whip the top. Here am I exhorting thee to suppress thy proverbs, and
+in an instant thou hast spewed forth a whole litany of them, which are
+as foreign from the subject as an old ballad. Remember, Sancho, I do not
+say that a proverb properly applied is amiss; but, to throw in, and
+string together old saws helter-skelter, renders conversation altogether
+mean and despicable.
+
+"When you appear on horseback do not lean backward over the saddle, nor
+stretch out your legs stiffly from the horse's belly, nor let them hang
+dangling in a slovenly manner, as if you were upon the back of Dapple;
+for some ride like jockeys, and some like gentlemen.
+
+"Be very moderate in sleeping; for he who does not rise with the sun
+cannot enjoy the day; and observe, O Sancho, industry is the mother of
+prosperity; and laziness, her opposite, never saw the accomplishment of
+a good wish.
+
+"This is all the advice, friend Sancho, that occurs to me at present;
+hereafter, as occasions offer, my instructions will be ready, provided
+thou art mindful to inform me of the state of thy affairs."
+
+"Sir," answered Sancho, "I see very well that all your worship has told
+me is wholesome and profitable; but what shall I be the better for it if
+I cannot keep it in my head? It is true, I shall not easily forget what
+you have said about paring my nails, and marrying again if the
+opportunity offers; but for your other quirks and quillets, I protest
+they have already gone out of my head as clean as last year's clouds;
+and therefore, let me have them in writing; for though I cannot read
+them myself, I will give them to my confessor, that he may repeat and
+drive them into me in time of need."
+
+"Heaven defend me!" said Don Quixote, "how scurvy doth it look in a
+governor to be unable to read or write! Indeed, Sancho, I must needs
+tell thee that when a man has not been taught to read, or is
+left-handed, it argues that his parentage was very low, or that, in
+early life, he was so indocile and perverse that his teachers could beat
+nothing good into him. Truly this is a great defect in thee, and
+therefore I would have thee learn to write, even if it were only thy
+name."
+
+"That I can do already," quoth Sancho; "for when I was steward of the
+brotherhood in our village, I learned to make certain marks like those
+upon wool-packs, which they told me, stood for my name. But, at the
+worst, I can feign a lameness in my right hand, and get another to sign
+for me: there is a remedy for every thing but death; and, having the
+staff in my hand, I can do what I please. Besides, as your worship
+knows, he whose father is mayor[12]--and I, being governor, am, I trow,
+something more than mayor.
+
+"Ay, ay, let them come that list, and play at bo-peep--ay, fleer and
+backbite me; but they may come for wool and go back shorn: 'His home is
+savory whom God loves;'--besides, 'The rich man's blunders pass current
+for wise maxims;' so that I, being a governor, and therefore wealthy,
+and bountiful to boot--as I intend to be--nobody will see any blemish in
+me. No, no, let the clown daub himself with honey, and he will never
+want flies. 'As much as you have, just so much you are worth,' said my
+grandam; revenge yourself upon the rich who can."
+
+"Heaven confound thee!" exclaimed Don Quixote; "sixty thousand devils
+take thee and thy proverbs! This hour, or more, thou hast been stringing
+thy musty wares, poisoning and torturing me without mercy. Take my word
+for it, these proverbs will one day bring thee to the gallows;--they
+will surely provoke thy people to rebellion! Where dost thou find them?
+How shouldst thou apply them, idiot? for I toil and sweat as if I were
+delving the ground to utter but one, and apply it properly."
+
+"Before Heaven, master of mine," replied Sancho, "your worship complains
+of very trifles. Why, in the devil's name, are you angry that I make use
+of my own goods? for other stock I have none, nor any stock but proverbs
+upon proverbs; and just now I have four ready to pop out, all pat and
+fitting as pears in a pannier--but I am dumb: Silence is my name."[13]
+
+"Then art thou vilely miscalled," quoth Don Quixote, "being an eternal
+babbler. Nevertheless, I would fain know these four proverbs that come
+so pat to the purpose; for I have been rummaging my own memory, which is
+no bad one, but for the soul of me, I can find none."
+
+"Can there be better," quoth Sancho, "than--'Never venture your fingers
+between two eye-teeth;' and with 'Get out of my house--what would you
+have with my wife?' there is no arguing; and, 'Whether the pitcher hits
+the stone, or the stone hits the pitcher, it goes ill with the pitcher.'
+All these, your worship must see, fit to a hair. Let no one meddle with
+the governor or his deputy, or he will come off the worst, like him who
+claps his finger between two eye-teeth, and though they were not
+eye-teeth, 'tis enough if they be but teeth. To what a governor says
+there is no replying, any more than to 'Get out of my house--what
+business have you with my wife?' Then as to the stone and the pitcher--a
+blind man may see that. So he who points to the mote in another man's
+eye, should first look to the beam in his own, that it may not be said
+of him, the dead woman was afraid of her that was flayed. Besides, your
+worship knows well that the fool knows more in his own house than the
+wise in that of another."
+
+"Not so, Sancho," answered Don Quixote, "the fool knows nothing, either
+in his own or any other house; for knowledge is not to be erected upon
+so bad a foundation as folly. But here let it rest, Sancho, for, if thou
+governest ill, though the fault will be thine, the shame will be mine.
+However, I am comforted in having given thee the best counsel in my
+power; and therein having done my duty, I am acquitted both of my
+obligation and promise; so God speed thee, Sancho, and govern thee in
+thy government, and deliver me from the fears I entertain that thou wilt
+turn the whole island topsy-turvy!--which, indeed, I might prevent by
+letting the duke know what thou art, and telling him that all that
+paunch-gut and little carcass of thine is nothing but a sack full of
+proverbs and impertinence."
+
+"Signor," replied Sancho, "if your worship really thinks I am not
+qualified for that government, I renounce it from henceforward forever,
+amen. I have a greater regard for a nail's breadth of my soul than my
+whole body; and I can subsist, as bare Sancho, upon a crust of bread and
+an onion, as well as governor on capons and partridges; for, while we
+sleep, great and small, rich and poor, are equal all. If your worship
+will consider, your worship will find that you yourself put this scheme
+of government into my head. As for my own part, I know no more of the
+matter than a bustard; and, if you think the governorship will be the
+means of my going to the devil, I would much rather go as simple Sancho
+to Heaven than as a governor to hell-fire."
+
+"Before God!" cried the knight, "from these last reflections thou hast
+uttered, I pronounce thee worthy to govern a thousand islands. Thou hast
+an excellent natural disposition, without which all science is naught.
+Recommend thyself to God, and endeavor to avoid errors in the first
+intention. I mean, let thy intention and unshaken purpose be to deal
+righteously in all thy transactions, for Heaven always favors the
+upright design. And now let us go in to dinner, for I believe their
+graces wait for us."
+
+
+  Without discretion there can be no wit.
+
+
+O poverty, poverty! I know not what should induce the great Cordovan
+poet to call thee a holy, unrequited gift. I, though a Moor, am very
+sensible, from my correspondence with Christians, that holiness consists
+in charity, humility, faith, poverty, and obedience; yet, nevertheless,
+I will affirm that he must be holy indeed, who can sit down content with
+poverty, unless we mean that kind of poverty to which one of the
+greatest saints alludes, when he says, "Possess of all things as not
+possessing them;" and this is called spiritual poverty. But thou second
+poverty, which is the cause I spoke of, why wouldst thou assault
+gentlemen of birth rather than any other class of people? Why dost thou
+compel them to cobble their shoes, and wear upon their coats one button
+of silk, another of hair, and a third of glass? Why must their ruffs be
+generally yellow and ill-starched? (By the by, from this circumstance we
+learn the antiquity of ruffs and starch. But thus he proceeds:) O
+wretched man of noble pedigree! who is obliged to administer cordials to
+his honor, in the midst of hunger and solitude, by playing the hypocrite
+with a toothpick, which he affects to use in the street, though he has
+eat nothing to require that act of cleanliness. Wretched he, I say,
+whose honor is ever apt to be startled, and thinks that everybody at a
+league's distance observes the patch upon his shoe, his greasy hat, and
+his threadbare cloak, and even the hunger that consumes him.
+
+
+  Better a blush on the face than a stain in the heart.
+
+  Look not in last year's nests for this year's birds.
+
+
+A SERENADE.
+
+And he forthwith imagined that some damsel belonging to the duchess had
+become enamored of him. Though somewhat fearful of the beautiful foe, he
+resolved to fortify his heart, and on no account to yield; so,
+commending himself with fervent devotion to his mistress, Dulcinea del
+Toboso, he determined to listen to the music; and to let the damsel know
+he was there he gave a feigned sneeze, at which they were not a little
+pleased, as they desired above all things that he should hear them. The
+harp being now tuned, Altisidora began the following song[14]:--
+
+  Wake, sir knight, now love's invading,
+    Sleep in Holland sheets no more;
+  When a nymph is serenading,
+    'Tis an arrant shame to snore.
+
+  Hear a damsel tall and tender,
+    Moaning in most rueful guise,
+  With heart almost burned to cinder
+    By the sunbeams of thine eyes.
+
+  To free damsels from disaster
+    Is, they say, your daily care:
+  Can you then deny a plaster
+    To a wounded virgin here?
+
+  Tell me, doughty youth, who cursed thee
+    With such humors and ill-luck?
+  Was't some sullen bear dry-nursed thee,
+    Or she-dragon gave thee suck?
+
+  Dulcinea, that virago,
+    Well may brag of such a Cid,
+  Now her fame is up, and may go
+    From Toledo to Madrid.
+
+  Would she but her prize surrender,
+    (Judge how on thy face I dote!)
+  In exchange I'd gladly send her
+    My best gown and petticoat.
+
+  Happy I, would fortune doom me
+    But to have me near thy bed,
+  Stroke thee, pat thee, currycomb thee,
+    And hunt o'er thy knightly head.
+
+  But I ask too much, sincerely,
+    And I doubt I ne'er must do't,
+  I'd but kiss your toe, and fairly
+    Get the length thus of your foot.
+
+  How I'd rig thee, and what riches
+    Should be heaped upon thy bones!
+  Caps and socks, and cloaks and breeches,
+    Matchless pearls and precious stones.
+
+  Do not from above, like Nero,
+    See me burn and slight my woe,
+  But to quench my fires, my hero,
+    Cast a pitying eye below.
+
+  I'm a virgin-pullet, truly;
+    One more tender ne'er was seen.
+  A mere chicken fledged but newly;--
+    Hang me if I'm yet fifteen.
+
+  Wind and limb, all's tight about me,
+    My hair dangles to my feet;
+  I am straight, too:--if you doubt me,
+    Trust your eyes, come down and see't.
+
+  I've a bob nose has no fellow,
+    And a sparrow's mouth as rare;
+  Teeth, like bright topazes, yellow;
+    Yet I'm deemed a beauty here.
+
+  You know what a rare musician
+    (If you hearken) courts your choice;
+  I dare say my disposition
+    Is as taking as my voice.
+
+Here ended the song of the amorous Altisidora, and began the alarm of
+the courted Don Quixote, who, fetching a deep sigh, said within himself:
+"Why am I so unhappy a knight-errant that no damsel can see but she must
+presently fall in love with me? Why is the peerless Dulcinea so unlucky
+that she must not be suffered singly to enjoy this my incomparable
+constancy? Queens, what would ye have with her? Empresses, why do ye
+persecute her? Damsels from fourteen to fifteen, why do ye plague her?
+Leave, leave the poor creature; let her triumph and glory in the lot
+which love bestowed upon her in the conquest of my heart and the
+surrender of my soul. Take notice, enamored multitude, that to Dulcinea
+alone I am paste and sugar, and to all others flint. To her I am honey,
+and to the rest of ye aloes. To me, Dulcinea alone is beautiful,
+discreet, lively, modest, and well-born; all the rest of her sex foul,
+foolish, fickle, and base-born. To be hers, and hers alone, nature sent
+me into the world. Let Altisidora weep or sing, let the lady despair on
+whose account I was buffeted in the castle of the enchanted Moor; boiled
+or roasted, Dulcinea's I must be, clean, well-bred, and chaste, in spite
+of all the necromantic powers on earth."
+
+
+HOW THE GREAT SANCHO PANZA TOOK POSSESSION OF HIS ISLAND, AND OF THE
+MANNER OF HIS BEGINNING TO GOVERN IT.--THE GOVERNOR'S WISDOM.
+
+O thou ceaseless discoverer of the antipodes, torch of the world, eye of
+Heaven, and sweet cause of earthen wine coolers; here Thymbrius, there
+Phoebus; here archer, there physician, father of poesy, inventor of
+music; thou who always risest, and, though thou seemest to do so, never
+settest,--to thee I speak, O sun! thee I invoke to favor and enlighten
+the obscurity of the great Sancho Panza; without thee I find myself
+indolent, dispirited, and confused!
+
+Sancho, then, with all his attendants, arrived at a town containing
+about a thousand inhabitants, which was one of the largest and best the
+duke had. They gave him to understand that it was called the island of
+Barataria, either because Barataria was really the name of the place, or
+because he obtained the government of it at so cheap a rate. On his
+arrival near the gates of the town, which was walled about, the
+municipal officers came out to receive him. The bells rung, and, with
+all the demonstrations of a general joy and a great deal of pomp, the
+people conducted him to the great church to give thanks to God.
+Presently after, with certain ridiculous ceremonies, they presented him
+the keys of the town and constituted him perpetual governor of the
+island of Barataria. The garb, the beard, the thickness and shortness of
+the new governor, surprised all who were not in the secret, and, indeed,
+those who were, who were not a few. In fine, as soon as they had brought
+him out of the church, they carried him to the tribunal of justice and
+placed him in the chair. The duke's steward then said to him, "It is an
+ancient custom here, my lord governor, that he who comes to take
+possession of this famous island is obliged to answer a question put to
+him, which is to be somewhat intricate and difficult. By his answer the
+people are enabled to feel the pulse of their new governor's
+understanding, and, accordingly, are either glad or sorry for his
+coming."
+
+While the steward was saying this, Sancho was staring at some capital
+letters written on the wall opposite to his chair, and, being unable to
+read, he asked what that writing was on the wall. He was answered, "Sir,
+it is there written on what day your honor took possession of this
+island. The inscription runs thus: 'This day, such a day of the month
+and year, Signor Don Sancho Panza took possession of this island. Long
+may he enjoy it.'"
+
+"Pray who is it they call Don Sancho Panza?" demanded Sancho.
+
+"Your lordship," answered the steward! "for no other Panza, besides him
+now in the chair, ever came into this island."
+
+"Take notice, then, brother," returned Sancho, "that the _Don_ does not
+belong to me, nor ever did to any of my family. I am called plain Sancho
+Panza: my father was a Sancho, and my grandfather was a Sancho, and they
+were all Panzas, without any addition of _Dons_, or any other title
+whatever. I fancy there are more _Dons_ than stones in this island. But
+enough: God knows my meaning: and perhaps, if my government lasts four
+days, I may weed out these _Dons_ that over-run the country, and, by
+their numbers, are as troublesome as mosquitoes and cousins. On with
+your question, Master Steward, and I will answer the best I can, let the
+people be sorry or rejoice."
+
+About this time two men came into the court, the one clad like a country
+fellow, and the other like a tailor, with a pair of shears in his hand;
+and the tailor said: "My lord governor, I and this countryman come
+before your worship by reason this honest man came yesterday to my shop
+(saving your presence, I am a tailor, and have passed my examination,
+God be thanked), and putting a piece of cloth into my hands, asked me,
+'Sir, is there enough of this to make me a cap?' I, measuring the piece,
+answered Yes. Now he bade me view it again, and see if there was not
+enough for two. I guessed his drift, and told him there was. Persisting
+in his knavish intentions, my customer went on increasing the number of
+caps, and I still saying yes, till we came to five caps. A little time
+ago he came to claim them. I offered them to him, but he refuses to pay
+me for the making, and insists I shall either return him his cloth, or
+pay him for it."
+
+"Is all this so, brother?" demanded Sancho.
+
+"Yes," answered the man; "but pray, my lord, make him produce the five
+caps he has made me."
+
+"With all my heart," answered the tailor; and pulling his hand from
+under his cloak, he showed the five caps on the ends of his fingers and
+thumb, saying: "Here are the five caps this honest man would have me
+make, and on my soul and conscience, not a shred of the cloth is left,
+and I submit the work to be viewed by any inspectors of the trade."
+
+All present laughed at the number of the caps and the novelty of the
+suit. Sancho reflected a moment, and then said: "I am of opinion there
+needs no great delay in this suit, and it may be decided very equitably
+off-hand. Therefore I pronounce, that the tailor lose the making, and
+the countryman the stuff, and that the caps be confiscated to the use of
+the poor: and there is an end of that."
+
+If the sentence Sancho afterwards passed on the purse of the herdsman
+caused the admiration of all the bystanders, this excited their
+laughter. However, what the governor commanded was executed, and two old
+men next presented themselves before him. One of them carried a cane in
+his hand for a staff; the other, who had no staff, said to Sancho: "My
+lord, some time ago I lent this man ten crowns of gold to oblige and
+serve him, upon condition that he should return them on demand. I let
+some time pass without asking for them, being loth to put him to a
+greater strait to pay me than he was in when I lent them. But at length,
+thinking it full time to be repaid, I asked him for my money more than
+once, but to no purpose: he not only refuses payment, but denies the
+debt, and says I never lent him any such sum, or, if I did that he had
+already paid me. I have no witnesses to the loan, nor has he of the
+payment which he pretends to have made, but which I deny; yet if he will
+swear before your worship that he has returned the money, I from this
+minute acquit him before God and the world."
+
+"What say you to this, old gentleman?" quoth Sancho.
+
+"I confess, my lord," replied the old fellow, "that he did lend me the
+money, and if your worship pleases to hold down your wand of justice,
+since he leaves it to my oath, I will swear I have really and truly
+returned it to him."
+
+The governor accordingly held down his wand, and the old fellow, seeming
+encumbered with his staff, gave it to his creditor to hold while he was
+swearing; and then taking hold of the cross of the wand, he said it was
+true indeed the other had lent him ten crowns, but that he had restored
+them to him into his own hand; but having, he supposed, forgotten it, he
+was continually dunning him for them. Upon which his lordship the
+governor demanded of the creditor what he had to say in reply to the
+solemn declaration he had heard. He said that he submitted, and could
+not doubt but that his debtor had sworn the truth; for he believed him
+to be an honest man and a good Christian; and that, as the fault must
+have been in his own memory, he would thenceforward ask him no more for
+his money. The debtor now took his staff again, and bowing to the
+governor, went out of court.
+
+Sancho having observed the defendant take his staff and walk away, and
+noticing also the resignation of the plaintiff, he began to meditate,
+and laying the fore-finger of his right hand upon his forehead, he
+continued a short time apparently full of thought; and then raising his
+head, he ordered the old man with the staff to be called back; and when
+he had returned, "Honest friend," said the governor, "give me that
+staff, for I have occasion for it."
+
+"With all my heart," answered the old fellow; and delivered it into his
+hand. Sancho took it, and giving it to the other old man, said: "Go
+about your business, in God's name, for you are paid." "I, my lord,"
+answered the old man; "what! is this cane worth ten golden crowns?"
+
+"Yes," quoth the governor, "or I am the greatest dunce in the world! and
+now it shall appear whether I have a head to govern a whole kingdom."
+Straight he commanded the cane to be broken before them all. Which being
+done there were found in the hollow of it ten crowns in gold.
+
+All were struck with admiration, and took their new governor for a
+second Solomon. They asked him, whence he had collected that the ten
+crowns were in the cane. He answered, that upon seeing the old man give
+it his adversary, while he was taking the oath, and swearing that he
+had really and truly restored them into his own hands, and, when he had
+done, ask for it again, it came into his imagination, the money in
+dispute must be in the hollow of the cane. Whence it may be gathered,
+that, God Almighty often directs the judgment of those who govern,
+though otherwise mere blockheads: besides, he had heard the priest of
+his parish tell a like case; and, were it not that he was so unlucky as
+to forget all he had a mind to remember, his memory was so good, there
+would not have been a better in the whole island.
+
+At length, both the old men marched off, the one ashamed, and the other
+satisfied; the bystanders were surprised, and the secretary, who minuted
+down the words, actions, and behavior of Sancho Panza, could not
+determine with himself, whether he should set him down for a wise man or
+a fool. All the court were in admiration at the acuteness and wisdom of
+their new governor; all of whose sentences and decrees, being noted down
+by the appointed historiographer, were immediately transmitted to the
+duke, who waited for these accounts with the utmost impatience.
+
+  We see that governors, though otherwise fools, are sometimes
+  directed in their decisions by the hand of God.
+
+  Time is ever moving; nothing ever can impede his course.
+
+  An understanding in the beginning is often an effectual cure
+  for those who are indiscreetly in love.
+
+At eleven o'clock Don Quixote retired to his apartment, and finding a
+lute there, he tuned it, opened the window, and, perceiving there was
+somebody walking in the garden, he ran over the strings of the
+instrument; and, having tuned it again as nicely as he could, he coughed
+and cleared his throat; and then, with a voice somewhat hoarse, yet not
+unmusical, he sang the following song, which he had composed himself
+that very day:--
+
+THE ADVICE.
+
+MATTEAUX'S TRANSLATION.
+
+  Love, a strong, designing foe.
+    Careless hearts with ease deceives;
+  Can thy breast resist his blow,
+    Which your sloth unguarded leaves?
+
+  If you're idle you're destroyed,
+    All his art on you he tries;
+  But be watchful and employed,
+    Straight the baffled tempter flies.
+
+  Maids for modest grace admired,
+    If they would their fortunes raise,
+  Must in silence live retired:
+    'Tis their virtue speaks their praise.
+
+  The divine Tobosan fair,
+    Dulcinea, claims me whole;
+  Nothing can her image tear!
+    'Tis one substance with my soul.
+
+  Then let fortune smile or frown,
+    Nothing shall my faith remove;
+  Constant truth, the lover's crown,
+    Can work miracles in love.
+
+THE SAME AS TRANSLATED BY SMOLLETT.
+
+  Love, with idleness combined,
+  Will unhinge the tender mind:
+  But to few, to work and move,
+  Will exclude the force of love.
+  Blooming maids that would be married,
+  Must in virtue be unwearied;
+  Modesty a dower will raise,
+  And be a trumpet of their praise.
+  A cavalier will sport and play
+  With a damsel frank and gay;
+  But, when wedlock is his aim,
+  Choose a maid of sober fame.
+  Passion kindled in the breast,
+  By a stranger or a guest,
+  Enters with the rising sun,
+  And fleets before his race be run:
+  Love that comes so suddenly,
+  Ever on the wing to fly,
+  Neither can nor will impart
+  Strong impressions to the heart.
+  Pictures drawn on pictures, show
+  Strange confusion to the view:
+  Second beauty finds no base,
+  Where a first has taken place:
+  Then Dulcinea still shall reign
+  Without a rival or a stain;
+  Nor shall fate itself control
+  Her sway, or blot her from my soul:
+  Constancy, the lover's boast,
+  I'll maintain whate'er it cost:
+  This, my virtue will refine;
+  This will stamp my joys divine.
+
+THE SAME AS TRANSLATED BY JARVIS.
+
+  Love, with idleness is friend,
+  O'er a maiden gains its end:
+  But let business and employment
+  Fill up every careful moment;
+  These an antidote will prove
+  'Gainst the pois'nous arts of love.
+  Maidens that aspire to marry,
+  In their looks reserve should carry:
+  Modesty their price should raise,
+  And be the herald of their praise.
+  Knights, whom toils of arms employ,
+  With the free may laugh and toy;
+  But the modest only, choose
+  When they tie the nuptial noose.
+  Love that rises with the sun,
+  With his setting beams is gone:
+  Love that guest-like visits hearts,
+  When the banquet's o'er, departs:
+  And the love that comes to-day,
+  And to-morrow wings its way,
+  Leaves no traces on the soul,
+  Its affections to control.
+  Where a sovereign beauty reigns,
+  Fruitless are a rival's pains,--
+  O'er a finished picture who
+  E'er a second picture drew?
+  Fair Dulcinea, queen of beauty,
+  Rules my heart, and claims its duty,
+  Nothing there can take her place,
+  Naught her image can erase.
+  Whether fortune smile or frown,
+  Constancy 's the lover's crown;
+  And, its force divine to prove,
+  Miracles performs in love.
+
+
+THE GOVERNOR IN A RAGE.
+
+The history relates that Sancho Panza was conducted from the court of
+justice to a sumptuous palace, where in a great hall he found a
+magnificent entertainment prepared. He had no sooner entered than his
+ears were saluted by the sound of many instruments, and four pages
+served him with water to wash his hands, which the governor received
+with becoming gravity. The music having ceased, Sancho now sat down to
+dinner in a chair of state placed at the upper end of the table, for
+there was but one seat and only one plate and napkin. A personage, who,
+as it afterwards appeared, was a physician, took his stand at one side
+of his chair with a whalebone rod in his hand. They then removed the
+beautiful white cloth, which covered a variety of fruits and other
+eatables. Grace was said by one in a student's dress, and a laced bib
+was placed by a page under Sancho's chin. Another, who performed the
+office of sewer, now set a plate of fruit before him; but he had
+scarcely tasted it, when, on being touched by the wand-bearer, it was
+snatched away, and another containing meat instantly supplied its place.
+Yet before Sancho could make a beginning it vanished, like the former,
+on a signal of the wand.
+
+The governor was surprised at this proceeding, and looking around him,
+asked if this dinner was only to show off their sleight of hand.
+
+"My lord," said the wand-bearer, "your lordship's food must here be
+watched with the same care as is customary with the governors of other
+islands. I am a doctor of physic, sir, and my duty, for which I receive
+a salary, is to watch over the governor's health, whereof I am more
+careful than of my own. I study his constitution night and day, that I
+may know how to restore him when sick; and therefore think it incumbent
+on me to pay especial regard to his meals, at which I constantly
+preside, to see that he eats what is good and salutary, and prevent his
+touching whatever I imagine may be prejudicial to his health or
+offensive to his stomach. It was for that reason, my lord," continued
+he, "I ordered the dish of fruit to be taken away, as being too watery,
+and that other dish, as being too hot and over-seasoned with spices,
+which are apt to provoke thirst; and he that drinks much destroys and
+consumes the radical moisture, which is the fuel of life."
+
+"Well, then," quoth Sancho, "that plate of roasted partridges, which
+seem to me to be very well seasoned, I suppose will do me no manner of
+harm?"
+
+"Hold," said the doctor, "my lord governor shall not eat them while I
+live to prevent it."
+
+"Pray, why not?" quoth Sancho.
+
+"Because," answered the doctor, "our great master Hippocrates, the north
+star and luminary of medicine, says in one of his aphorisms, _Omnis
+saturatio mala, perdicis autem pessima_; which means, 'All repletion is
+bad, but that from partridges the worst.'"
+
+"If it be so," quoth Sancho, "pray cast your eye, signor doctor, over
+all these dishes here on the table, and see which will do me the most
+good or the least harm, and let me eat of it without whisking it away
+with your conjuring-stick; for, by my soul, and as Heaven shall give me
+life to enjoy this government, I am dying with hunger; and to deny me
+food--let signor doctor say what he will--is not the way to lengthen my
+life, but to cut it short."
+
+"Your worship is in the right, my lord governor," answered the
+physician, "and therefore I am of opinion you should not eat of these
+stewed rabbits, as being a food that is tough and acute; of that veal,
+indeed, you might have taken a little, had it been neither roasted nor
+stewed; but as it is, not a morsel."
+
+"What think you, then," said Sancho, "of that huge dish there, smoking
+hot, which I take to be an olla-podrida?--for, among the many things
+contained in it, I surely may light upon something both wholesome and
+toothsome."
+
+"_Absit!_" quoth the doctor, "far be such a thought from us.
+Olla-podrida! there is no worse dish in the world. Leave them to
+prebends and rectors of colleges or lusty feeders at country weddings;
+but let them not be seen on the tables of governors, where nothing
+contrary to health and delicacy should be tolerated. Simple medicines
+are always more estimable and safe, for in them there can be no mistake,
+whereas in such as are compounded all is hazard and uncertainty.
+Therefore, what I would at present advise my lord governor to eat, in
+order to corroborate and preserve his health, is about a hundred small
+rolled-up wafers, with some thin slices of marmalade, that may sit upon
+the stomach and help digestion."
+
+Sancho, hearing this, threw himself backward in his chair, and looking
+at the doctor from head to foot very seriously, asked him his name and
+where he had studied. To which he answered, "My lord governor, my name
+is Doctor Pedro Rezio de Aguero; I am a native of a place called
+Tirteafuera, lying between Caraquel and Almoddobar del Campo, on the
+right hand, and I have taken my doctor's degrees in the university of
+Ossuna."
+
+"Then, hark you," said Sancho in a rage, "Signor Doctor Pedro Rezzio de
+Aguero, native of Tirteafuera, lying on the right hand as we go from
+Caraquel to Almoddobar del Campo, graduate in Ossuna, get out of my
+sight this instant, or, by the light of Heaven, I will take a cudgel,
+and, beginning with your carcass, will so belabor all the physic-mongers
+in the island, that not one of the tribe shall be left!--I mean of those
+like yourself, who are ignorant quacks. For those who are learned and
+wise I shall make much of and honor as so many angels. I say again,
+Signor Pedro Rezio, begone, or I shall take the chair I sit on and comb
+your head to some tune; and if I am called to an account for it when I
+give up my office, I shall prove that I have done a good service in
+ridding the world of a bad physician, who is a public executioner. Body
+of me! give me something to eat, or let them take back their
+government,--for an office that will not find a man in victuals is not
+worth two beans."
+
+On seeing the governor in such a fury the doctor would have fled out in
+the hall had not the sound of a courier's horn at that instant been
+heard in the street. "A courier from my lord duke," said the sewer (who
+had looked out of the window), "and he must certainly have brought
+despatches of importance."
+
+The courier entered hastily, foaming with sweat and in great agitation,
+and pulling a packet out of his bosom, he delivered it into the
+governor's hands, and by him it was given to the steward, telling him to
+read the superscription, which was this: "To Don Sancho Panza, Governor
+of the Island of Barataria. To be delivered only to himself or to his
+secretary."
+
+"Who is my secretary?" said Sancho.
+
+"It is I, my lord," answered one who was present, "for I can read and
+write, and am, besides, a Biscayan."
+
+"With that addition," quoth Sancho, "you may very well be secretary to
+the emperor himself. Open the packet and see what it holds."
+
+The new secretary did so, and having run his eye over the contents, he
+said it was a business which required privacy. Accordingly, Sancho
+commanded all to retire excepting the steward and sewer; and when the
+hall was cleared, the secretary read the following letter:--
+
+"It has just come to my knowledge, Signor Don Panza, that certain
+enemies of mine intend very soon to make a desperate attack, by night,
+upon the island under your command; it is necessary, therefore, to be
+vigilant and alert, that you may not be taken by surprise. I have also
+received intelligence from trusty spies, that four persons in disguise
+are now in your town, sent thither by the enemy, who, fearful of your
+great talents, have a design upon your life. Keep a strict watch, be
+careful who are admitted to you, and eat nothing sent you as a present.
+I will not fail to send you assistance if you are in want of it.
+Whatever may be attempted, I have full reliance on your activity and
+judgment.
+
+"Your friend,
+
+"THE DUKE.
+
+"From this place, the 16th of August, at four in the morning."
+
+Sancho was astonished at this information, and the others appeared to be
+no less so. At length, turning to the steward, "I will tell you," said
+he, "the first thing to be done, which is to clap Doctor Rezio into a
+dungeon; for if anybody has a design to kill me, it is he, and that by
+the most lingering and the worst of all deaths,--starvation."
+
+"Be that as it may," said the steward, "it is my opinion your honor
+would do well to eat none of the meat here upon the table, for it was
+presented by some nuns, and it is a saying, 'The devil lurks behind the
+cross.'"
+
+"You are in the right," quoth Sancho, "and for the present give me only
+a piece of bread and some four pounds of grapes,--there can be no poison
+in them,--for, in truth, I cannot live without food, and if we must keep
+in readiness for these battles that threaten us, it is fit that we
+should be well fed, for the stomach upholds the heart and the heart the
+man. Do you, Mr. Secretary, answer the letter of my lord duke, and tell
+him his commands shall be obeyed throughout most faithfully; and present
+my dutiful respects to my lady duchess, and beg her not to forget to
+send a special messenger with my letter and bundle to my wife Teresa
+Panza, which I shall take as a particular favor, and will be her humble
+servant to the utmost of my power. And, by the way, you may put in my
+hearty service to my master, Don Quixote de la Mancha, that he may see
+that I am neither forgetful nor ungrateful; and as to the rest, I leave
+it to you, as a good secretary and a true Biscayan, to add whatever you
+please, or that may turn to the best account. Now away with this cloth,
+and bring me something that may be eaten, and then let these spies,
+murderers, and enchanters see how they meddle with me or my island."
+
+A page now entered, saying, "Here is a countryman who would speak with
+your lordship on business, as he says, of great importance."
+
+"It is very strange," quoth Saneho, "that these men of business should
+be so silly as not to see that this is not a time for such matters.
+What! we who govern and belike are not made of flesh and bone like
+other men! We are made of marble-stone, forsooth, and have no need of
+rest or refreshment! Before Heaven and upon my conscience, if my
+government lasts, as I have a glimmering it will not, I shall hamper
+more than one of these men of business! Well, for this once, tell the
+fellow to come in; but first see that he is no spy, nor one of my
+murderers."
+
+"He looks, my lord," answered the page, "like a simple fellow, and I am
+much mistaken if he be not as harmless as a crust of bread."
+
+"Your worship need not fear," quoth the steward, "since we are with
+you."
+
+"But now that Doctor Pedro Rezio is gone," quoth Sancho, "may I not have
+something to eat of substance and weight, though it were but a luncheon
+of bread and an onion?"
+
+"At night your honor shall have no cause to complain," quoth the sewer;
+"supper shall make up for the want of dinner."
+
+"Heaven grant it may," replied Sancho.
+
+
+THE COUNTRYMAN'S TALE.
+
+The countryman, who was of goodly presence, then came in, and it might
+be seen a thousand leagues off that he was an honest, good soul.
+
+"Which among you here is the lord governor?" said he.
+
+"Who should it be," answered the secretary, "but he who is seated in the
+chair?"
+
+"I humble myself in his presence," quoth the countryman; and kneeling
+down, he begged for his hand to kiss.
+
+Sancho refused it, and commanded him to rise and tell his business. The
+countryman did so, and said: "My lord, I am a husbandman, a native of
+Miguel Terra, two leagues from Ciudad Real."
+
+"What! another Tirteafuera?" quoth Sancho. "Say on, brother; for let me
+tell you, I know Miguel Terra very well; it is not very far from my own
+village."
+
+"The business is this, sir," continued the peasant: "by the mercy of
+Heaven I was married in peace and in the face of the holy Roman Catholic
+Church. I have two sons, bred scholars; the younger studies for
+bachelor, and the elder for licentiate. I am a widower, for my wife
+died, or rather a wicked physician killed her by improper medicines when
+she was pregnant; and if it had been God's will that the child had been
+born, and had proved a son, I would have put him to study for doctor,
+that he might not envy his two brothers, the bachelor and the
+licentiate."
+
+"So that, if your wife," quoth Sancho, "had not died, or had not been
+killed, you would not now be a widower."
+
+"No, certainly, my lord," answered the peasant.
+
+"We are much the nearer," replied Sancho; "go on, friend, for this is an
+hour rather for bed than business."
+
+"I say, then," quoth the countryman, "that my son who is to be the
+bachelor fell in love with a damsel in the same village, called Clara
+Perlerino, daughter of Andres Perlerino, a very rich farmer; which name
+of Perlerino came to them not by lineal or any other descent, but
+because all of that race are paralytic; and to mend the name, they call
+them Perlerinos. Indeed, to say the truth, the damsel is like any
+oriental pearl, and looked at on the right side seems a very flower of
+the field; but on the left not quite so fair, for on that side she wants
+an eye, which she lost by the small-pox; and though the pits in her face
+are many and deep, her admirers say they are not pits but graves wherein
+the hearts of her lovers are buried. So clean and delicate, too, is she,
+that to prevent defiling her face, she carries her nose so hooked up
+that it seems to fly from her mouth; yet for all that she looks
+charmingly, for she has a large mouth, and did she not lack half a score
+or a dozen front teeth she might pass and make a figure among the
+fairest. I say nothing of her lips, for they are so thin that, were it
+the fashion to reel lips, one might make a skein of them; but, being of
+a different color from what is usual in lips, they have a marvellous
+appearance, for they are streaked with blue, green, and orange-tawny.
+Pardon me, good my lord governor, if I paint so minutely the parts of
+her who is about to become my daughter; for in truth I love and admire
+her more than I can tell."
+
+"Paint what you will," quoth Sancho, "for I am mightily taken with the
+picture; and had I but dined, I would not desire a better dessert than
+your portrait."
+
+"It shall be always at your service," answered the peasant; "and the
+time may come when we may be acquainted, though we are not so now; and
+I assure you, my lord, if I could but paint her genteelness and the
+tallness of her person, you would admire: but that cannot be, because
+she is crooked, and crumpled up together, and her knees touch her mouth;
+though, for all that, you may see plainly that could she but stand
+upright she would touch the ceiling with her head. And she would ere now
+have given her hand to my bachelor to be his wife, but that she cannot
+stretch it out, it is so shrunk; nevertheless, her long guttered nails
+show the goodness of its make."
+
+"So far so good," quoth Sancho; "and now, brother, make account that you
+have painted her from head to foot. What is it you would be at? Come to
+the point without so many windings and turnings, so many fetches and
+digressions."
+
+"What I desire, my lord," answered the countryman, "is, that your
+lordship would do me the favor to give me a letter of recommendation to
+her father, begging his consent to the match, since we are pretty equal
+in our fortunes and natural endowments; for, to say the truth, my lord
+governor, my son is possessed, and scarcely a day passes in which the
+evil spirits do not torment him three or four times; and having thereby
+once fallen into the fire, his face is as shrivelled as a piece of
+scorched parchment, and his eyes are somewhat bleared and running; but,
+bless him! he has the temper of an angel, and did he not buffet and
+belabor himself, he would be a very saint for gentleness."
+
+"Would you have anything else, honest friend?" said Sancho.
+
+"One thing more I would ask," quoth the peasant, "but I dare not,--yet
+out it shall; come what may, it shall not rot in my breast. I say then,
+my lord, I could wish your worship to give me three or six hundred
+ducats towards mending the fortunes of my bachelor,--I mean, to assist
+in furnishing his house; for it is agreed that they shall live by
+themselves, without being subject to the impertinences of their
+fathers-in-law."
+
+"Well," quoth Sancho, "see if there is anything else you would have, and
+be not squeamish in asking."
+
+"No, nothing more," answered the peasant.
+
+The governor then rising, and seizing the chair on which he had been
+seated, exclaimed, "I vow to Heaven, Don Lubberly, saucy bumpkin, if you
+do not instantly get out of my sight, I will break your head with this
+chair! Son of a rascal, and the devil's own painter! At this time of day
+to come and ask me for six hundred ducats! Where should I have them,
+villain? And if I had them, idiot! why should I give them to thee? What
+care I for Miguel Terra, or for the whole race of the Perlerinos?
+Begone, I say! or, by the life of my lord duke, I will be as good as my
+word. Thou art no native of Miguel Terra, but some scoffer sent from the
+devil to tempt me. Impudent scoundrel! I have not yet had the government
+a day and a half, and you expect I should have six hundred ducats!"
+
+The sewer made signs to the countryman to go out of the hall, which he
+did, hanging down his head, and seemingly much afraid lest the governor
+should put his threat into execution,--for the knave knew very well how
+to play his part.
+
+But let us leave Sancho in his passion; peace be with him!
+
+
+  The devil will never give you a high nose if a flat nose
+  will serve your turn.
+
+  All is not gold that glitters.
+
+  I am fully convinced that judges and governors are, or ought
+  to be, made of brass, so as that they may not feel the
+  importunity of people of business, who expect to be heard
+  and despatched at all hours and at all seasons, come what
+  will, attending only to their own affairs; and if the poor
+  devil of a judge does not hear and despatch them, either
+  because it is not in his power, or it happens to be an
+  unseasonable time for giving audience, then they grumble and
+  backbite, gnaw him to the very bones, and even bespatter his
+  whole generation. Ignorant man of business! foolish man of
+  business! be not in such a violent hurry; wait for the
+  proper season and conjuncture, and come not at meals and
+  sleeping-time; for judges are made of flesh and blood, and
+  must give to nature that which nature requires.
+
+  Good physicians deserve palms and laurels.
+
+  Either we are, or we are not.
+
+  Walls have ears.
+
+  Let us all live and eat together in harmony and good
+  friendship.
+
+  When God sends the morning, the light shines upon all.
+
+  Make yourselves honey, and the flies will devour you.
+
+  Your idle and lazy people in a commonwealth are like drones
+  in a beehive, which only devour the honey the laboring bees
+  gather.
+
+  Every day produces something new in the world: jests turn
+  into earnest, and the biters are bit.
+
+  They who expect snacks should be modest, and take cheerfully
+  whatever is given them, and not haggle with the winners;
+  unless they know them to be sharpers, and their gains
+  unfairly gotten.
+
+
+THE GOVERNOR'S ROUND OF INSPECTION.
+
+After traversing a few streets, they heard the clashing of swords, and,
+hastening to the place, they found two men fighting. On seeing the
+officers coming they desisted, and one of them said, "Help, in the name
+of Heaven and the king! Are people to be attacked here, and robbed in
+the open streets?"
+
+"Hold, honest man," quoth Sancho, "and tell me what is the occasion of
+this fray; for I am the governor."
+
+His antagonist, interposing, said, "My lord governor, I will briefly
+relate the matter:--Your honor must know that this gentleman is just
+come from the gaming-house over the way, where he has been winning above
+a thousand reals, and heaven knows how, except that I, happening to be
+present, was induced, even against my conscience, to give judgment in
+his favor in many a doubtful point; and when I expected he would have
+given me something, though it were but the small matter of a crown, by
+way of present, as it is usual with gentlemen of character like myself,
+who stand by, ready to back unreasonable demands, and to prevent
+quarrels, up he got, with his pockets filled, and marched out of the
+house.
+
+"Surprised and vexed at such conduct, I followed him, civilly reminded
+him that he could not refuse me the small sum of eight reals, as he knew
+me to be a man of honor, without either office or pension; my parents
+having brought me up to nothing: yet this knave, who is as great a thief
+as Cacus, and as arrant a sharper as Andradilla, would give me but four
+reals! Think, my lord governor, what a shameless and unconscionable
+fellow he is! But as I live had it not been for your worship coming, I
+would have made him disgorge his winnings, and taught him how to balance
+accounts."
+
+"What shall be done," replied Sancho, "is this: you, master winner,
+whether by fair play or foul, instantly give your hackster here a
+hundred reals, and pay down thirty more for the poor prisoners; and you,
+sir, who have neither office nor pension, nor honest employment, take
+the hundred reals, and, some time to-morrow, be sure you get out of
+this island, nor set foot in it again these ten years, unless you would
+finish your banishment in the next life: for if I find you here, I will
+make you swing on a gibbet--at least the hangman shall do it for me: so
+let no man reply, or he shall repent it."
+
+The decree was immediately executed: the one disbursed, the other
+received; the one quitted the island, the other went home.
+
+
+  Cheats are always at the mercy of their accomplices.
+
+  The maid that would keep her good name, stays at home as if
+  she were lame. A hen and a housewife, whatever they cost, if
+  once they go gadding will surely be lost. And she that longs
+  to see, I ween, is as desirous to be seen.
+
+  Good fortune wants only a beginning.
+
+  When they offer thee a government, lay hold of it.
+
+  When an earldom is put before thee, lay thy clutches on it.
+
+  When they throw thee some beneficial bone, snap at the
+  favor; if not, sleep on and never answer to good fortune and
+  preferment when they knock at thy door.
+
+  Truth will always rise uppermost, as oil rises above water.
+
+  Seeing is believing.
+
+  According to reason, each thing has its season.
+
+  When justice is doubtful, I should lean to the side of
+  mercy.
+
+
+A MESSENGER TO TERESA PANZA.
+
+Being desirous to please his lord and lady, he set off with much glee to
+Sancho's village. Having arrived near it, he inquired of some women whom
+he saw washing in a brook if there lived not in that town one Teresa
+Panza, wife of one Sancho Panza, squire to a knight called Don Quixote
+de la Mancha.
+
+"That Teresa Panza is my mother," said a young lass who was washing
+among the rest, "and that Sancho my own father, and that knight our
+master."
+
+"Are they so?" quoth the page: "come then, my good girl, and lead me to
+your mother, for I have a letter and a token for her from that same
+father of yours."
+
+"That I will, with all my heart, sir," answered the girl (who seemed to
+be about fourteen years of age); and leaving the linen she was washing
+to one of her companions, without stopping to cover either her head or
+feet, away she ran skipping along before the page's horse, bare-legged,
+and her hair dishevelled.
+
+"Come along, sir, an 't please you," quoth she, "for our house stands
+hard by, and you will find my mother in trouble enough for being so long
+without tidings of my father."
+
+"Well," said the page, "I now bring her news that will cheer her heart,
+I warrant her."
+
+So on he went, with his guide running, skipping, and capering before
+him, till they reached the village, and, before she got up to the house,
+she called out aloud, "Mother, mother, come out! here's a gentleman who
+brings letters and other things from my good father."
+
+At these words out came her mother Teresa Panza with a distaff in her
+hand--for she was spinning flax. She was clad in a russet petticoat, so
+short that it looked as if it had been docked at the placket, with a
+jacket of the same, and the sleeves of her under-garment hanging about
+it. She appeared to be about forty years of age and was strong, hale,
+sinewy, and hard as a hazel-nut.
+
+"What is the matter, girl?" quoth she, seeing her daughter with the
+page; "what gentleman is that?"
+
+"It is an humble servant of my Lady Donna Teresa Panza," answered the
+page; and throwing himself from his horse, with great respect he went
+and kneeled before the Lady Teresa, saying, "Be pleased, Signora Donna
+Teresa, to give me your ladyship's hand to kiss, as the lawful wife of
+Signor Don Sancho Panza, sole governor of the island of Barataria."
+
+"Alack-a-day, good sir, how you talk!" she replied: "I am no court-dame,
+but a poor country woman, daughter of a ploughman, and wife indeed of a
+squire-errant, but no governor."
+
+"Your ladyship," answered the page, "is the most worthy wife of a
+thrice-worthy governor, and to confirm the truth of what I say, be
+pleased, madam, to receive what I here bring you."
+
+He then drew the letter from his pocket, and a string of corals, each
+bead set in gold, and, putting it about her neck, he said, "This letter
+is from my lord governor, and another that I have here, and those corals
+are from my lady duchess, who sends me to your ladyship."
+
+Teresa and her daughter were all astonishment.
+
+"May I die," said the girl, "if our master Don Quixote be not at the
+bottom of this--as sure as day he has given my father the government or
+earldom he has so often promised him."
+
+"It is even so," answered the page; "and for Signor Don Quixote's sake,
+my Lord Sancho is now governor of the island of Barataria, as the letter
+will inform you."
+
+"Pray, young gentleman," quoth Teresa, "be pleased to read it; for
+though I can spin I cannot read a jot."
+
+"Nor I neither, i' faith," cried Sanchica; "but stay a little, and I
+will fetch one who can, either the bachelor Sampson Carrasco or the
+priest himself, who will come with all their hearts to hear news of my
+father."
+
+"You need not take that trouble," said the page; "for I can read though
+I cannot spin, and will read it to you." Which he accordingly did: but
+as its contents have already been given, it is not here repeated. He
+then produced the letter from the duchess, and read as follows:--
+
+"FRIEND TERESA,--
+
+"Finding your husband Sancho worthy of my esteem for his honesty and
+good understanding, I prevailed upon the duke, my spouse, to make him
+governor of one of the many islands in his possession. I am informed he
+governs like any hawk; at which I and my lord duke are mightily pleased,
+and give many thanks to Heaven that I have not been deceived in my
+choice, for madam Teresa may be assured that it is no easy matter to
+find a good governor--and God make me as good as Sancho governs well. I
+have sent you, my dear friend, a string of corals set in gold--I wish
+they were oriental pearls; but whoever gives thee a bone has no mind to
+see thee dead: the time will come when we shall be better acquainted,
+and converse with each other, and then heaven knows what may happen.
+Commend me to your daughter Sanchica, and tell her from me to get
+herself ready; for I mean to have her highly married when she least
+expects it. I am told the acorns near your town are very large--pray
+send me some two dozen of them; for I shall value them the more as
+coming from your hand. Write to me immediately, to inform me of your
+health and welfare; and if you want anything, you need but open your
+mouth, and it shall be measured. So God keep you.
+
+"Your loving Friend,
+
+"The DUCHESS.
+
+"From this place."
+
+"Ah!" quoth Teresa, at hearing the letter, "how good, how plain, how
+humble a lady! let me be buried with such ladies as this, say I and not
+with such proud madams as this town affords, who think because they are
+gentlefolks, the wind must not blow upon them; and go flaunting to
+church as if they were queens! they seem to think it a disgrace to look
+upon a peasant woman: and yet you see how this good lady, though she be
+a duchess, calls me friend, and treats me as if I were her equal!--and
+equal may I see her to the highest steeple in La Mancha! As to the
+acorns, sir, I will send her ladyship a peck of them, and such as, for
+their size, people shall come from far and near to see and admire. But
+for the present, Sanchica, let us make much of this gentleman. Do thou
+take care of his horse, child, and bring some new-laid eggs out of the
+stable, and slice some rashers of bacon, and let us entertain him like
+any prince; for his good news and his own good looks deserve no less."
+
+Sanchica now came in with her lap full of eggs. "Pray, sir," said she to
+the page, "does my father, now he is a governor, wear trunk-hose?"[15]
+
+"I never observed," answered the page, "but doubtless he does."
+
+"God's my life!" replied Sanchica, "what a sight to see my father in
+long breeches? Is it not strange that ever since I was born I have
+longed to see my father with breeches of that fashion laced to his
+girdle?"
+
+"I warrant you will have that pleasure if you live," answered the page;
+"before Heaven, if his government lasts but two months, he is likely to
+travel with a cape to his cap." [16]
+
+
+OF THE PROGRESS OF SANCHO PANZA'S GOVERNMENT.
+
+The first business that occurred on that day was an appeal to his
+judgment in a case which was thus stated by a stranger--the appellant:
+"My lord," said he, "there is a river which passes through the domains
+of a certain lord, dividing it into two parts--I beseech your honor to
+give me your attention, for it is a case of great importance and some
+difficulty. I say, then, that upon this river there was a bridge, and at
+one end of it a gallows and a kind of court-house, where four judges sit
+to try, and pass sentence upon those who are found to transgress a
+certain law enacted by the proprietor, which runs thus: 'Whoever would
+pass over this bridge must first declare upon oath whence he comes, and
+upon what business he is going; and if he swears the truth, he shall
+pass over; but if he swears to a falsehood, he shall certainly die upon
+a gibbet there provided.'
+
+"After this law was made known, many persons ventured over it, and the
+truth of what they swore being admitted, they were allowed freely to
+pass. But a man now comes demanding a passage over the bridge; and, on
+taking the required oath, he swears that he is going to be executed
+upon the gibbet before him, and that he has no other business. The
+judges deliberated, but would not decide. 'If we let this man pass
+freely,' said they, 'he will have sworn falsely, and by the law, he
+ought to die: and, if we hang him, he will verify his oath, and he,
+having sworn the truth, ought to have passed unmolested as the law
+ordains.' The case, my lord, is yet suspended, for the judges know not
+how to act; and, therefore having heard of your lordship's great wisdom
+and acuteness, they have sent me humbly to beseech your lordship on
+their behalf, to give your opinion in so intricate and perplexing a
+case."
+
+"To deal plainly with you," said Sancho, "these gentlemen judges who
+sent you to me might have saved themselves and you the labor; for I have
+more of the blunt than the acute in me. However, let me hear your
+question once more, that I may understand it the better, and mayhap I
+may chance to hit the right nail on the head."
+
+The man accordingly told his tale once or twice more, and when he had
+done, the governor thus delivered his opinion: "To my thinking," said
+he, "this matter may soon be settled; and I will tell you how. The man,
+you say, swears he is going to die upon the gallows; and if he is
+hanged, it would be against the law, because he swore the truth; and if
+they do not hang him, why then he swore a lie, and ought to have
+suffered."
+
+"It is just as you say, my lord governor," said the messenger, "and
+nothing more is wanting to a right understanding of the case."
+
+"I say, then," continued Sancho, "that they must let that part of the
+man pass that swore the truth and hang that part that swore the lie, and
+thereby the law will be obeyed."
+
+"If so, my lord," replied the stranger, "the man must be divided into
+two parts; and thereby he will certainly die, and thus the law, which we
+are bound to observe, is in no respect complied with."
+
+"Harkee, honest man," said Sancho, "either I have no brains, or there is
+as much reason to put this passenger to death as to let him live and
+pass the bridge; for, if the truth saves him, the lie also condemns him,
+and this being so, you may tell those gentlemen who sent you to me, that
+since the reasons for condemning and acquitting him are equal, they
+should let the man pass freely, for it is always more commendable to do
+good than to do harm."
+
+Sancho having plentifully dined that day, in spite of all the aphorisms
+of Dr. Tirteafuera, when the cloth was removed in came an express with a
+letter from Don Quixote to the governor. Sancho ordered the secretary to
+read it to himself, and if there was nothing in it for secret perusal,
+then to read it aloud. The secretary having first run it over,
+accordingly, "My lord," said he, "the letter may not only be publicly
+read, but deserves to be engraved in characters of gold; and thus it
+is:--"
+
+DON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHA TO SANCHO PANZA, GOVERNOR OF THE ISLAND OF
+BARATARIA.
+
+"When I expected to have had an account of thy carelessness and
+blunders, friend Sancho, I was agreeably disappointed with news of thy
+wise behavior,--for which I return thanks to Heaven, that can raise the
+lowest from their poverty and turn the fool into a man of sense. I hear
+thou governest with all discretion; and that, nevertheless, thou
+retainest the humility of the meanest creature. But I would observe to
+thee, Sancho, that it is often expedient and necessary, for the due
+support of authority, to act in contradiction to the humility of the
+heart. The personal adornments of one that is raised to a high situation
+must correspond with his present greatness, and not with his former
+lowliness. Let thy apparel, therefore, be good and becoming; for the
+hedgestake, when decorated no longer, appears what it really is. I do
+not mean that thou shouldst wear jewels or finery; nor, being a judge,
+would I have thee dress like a soldier; but adorn thyself in a manner
+suitable to thy employment. To gain the good-will of thy people, two
+things, among others, thou must not fail to observe: one is, to be
+courteous to all,--that, indeed, I have already told thee; the other is,
+to take especial care that the people be exposed to no scarcity of food,
+for, with the poor, hunger is, of all afflictions, the most
+insupportable. Publish few edicts, but let those be good; and, above
+all, see that they are well observed, for edicts that are not kept are
+the same as not made, and serve only to show that the prince, though he
+had wisdom and authority to make them had not the courage to insist upon
+their execution. Laws that threaten and are not enforced become like
+King Log, whose croaking subjects first feared, then despised him. Be a
+father to virtue and a step-father to vice. Be not always severe, nor
+always mild; but choose the happy mean between them, which is the true
+point of discretion. Visit the prisons, the shambles, and the markets;
+for there the presence of the governor is highly necessary. Such
+attention is a comfort to the prisoner hoping for release; it is a
+terror to the butchers, who then dare not make use of false weights; and
+the same effect is produced on all other dealers. Shouldst thou
+unhappily be secretly inclined to avarice, to gluttony, or women,--which
+I hope thou art not,--avoid showing thyself guilty of these vices; for,
+when those who are concerned with thee discover thy ruling passion, they
+will assault thee on that quarter, nor leave thee till they have
+effected thy destruction. View and review, consider and reconsider, the
+counsels and documents I gave thee in writing before thy departure hence
+to thy government, and in them thou wilt find a choice supply to sustain
+thee through the toils and difficulties which governors must continually
+encounter. Write to thy patrons, the duke and duchess, and show thyself
+grateful, for ingratitude is the daughter of pride, and one of the
+greatest sins; whereas, he who is grateful to those that have done him
+service, thereby testifies that he will be grateful also to God, his
+constant benefactor.
+
+"My lady duchess has despatched a messenger to thy wife Teresa with thy
+hunting-suit, and also a present from herself. We expect an answer every
+moment. I have been a little out of order with a certain cat-clawing
+which befell me, not much to the advantage of my nose; but it was
+nothing, for if there are enchanters who persecute me, there are others
+who defend me. Let me know if the steward who is with thee had any hand
+in the actions of the Trifaldi, as thou hast suspected; and give me
+advice, from time to time, of all that happens to thee, since the
+distance between us is so short. I think of quitting this idle life very
+soon, for I was not born for luxury and ease. A circumstance has
+occurred which may, I believe, tend to deprive me of the favor of the
+duke and duchess; but, though it afflicts me much, it affects not my
+determination, for I must comply with the duties of my profession in
+preference to any other claim; as it is often said, _Amicus Plato, sed
+magis amica veritas_. I write this in Latin, being persuaded that thou
+hast learned that language since thy promotion. Farewell, and God have
+thee in His keeping; so mayst thou escape the pity of the world.
+
+"Thy friend,
+
+"DON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHA."
+
+Sancho gave great attention to the letter; and it was highly applauded,
+both for sense and integrity, by everybody that heard it. After that, he
+rose from the table, and calling the secretary, went without any further
+delay and locked himself up with him in his chamber, to write an answer
+to his master, Don Quixote, which was as follows:--
+
+SANCHO PANZA TO DON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHA.
+
+"I am so taken up with business that I have not yet had time to let you
+know whether it goes well or ill with me in this same government, where
+I am more hunger-starved than when you and I wandered through woods and
+wildernesses.
+
+"My lord duke wrote to me the other day to inform me of some spies that
+were got into this island to kill me; but as yet I have discovered none
+but a certain doctor, hired by the islanders to kill all the governors
+that come near it. They call him Dr. Pedro Rezio de Anguero, and he was
+born at Tirteafuera. His name is enough to make me fear he will be the
+death of me. This same doctor says of himself, that he does cure
+diseases when you have them; but when you have them not, he only
+pretends to keep them from coming. The physic he uses is fasting upon
+fasting, till he turns a body to a mere skeleton; as if to be wasted to
+skin and bones were not as bad as a fever. In short, he starves me to
+death; so that, when I thought, as being a governor, to have plenty of
+good hot victuals and cool liquor, and to repose on a soft feather-bed,
+I am come to do penance like a hermit.
+
+"I have not yet so much as fingered the least penny of money, either for
+fees or anything else; and how it comes to be no better with me I cannot
+imagine, for I have heard that the governors who come to this island are
+wont to have a very good gift, or at least a very round sum given them
+by the town before they enter. And they say, too, that this is the usual
+custom, not only here but in other places.
+
+"Last night, in going my rounds, I met with a mighty handsome damsel in
+boy's clothes, and a brother of hers in woman's apparel. My
+gentleman-waiter fell in love with the girl, and intends to make her
+his wife, as he says. As for the youth, I have pitched on him to be my
+son-in-law. To-day we both design to talk to the father, one Diego de la
+Llana, who is a gentleman, and an old Christian every inch of him.
+
+"I visit the markets as you advised me, and yesterday found one of the
+hucksters selling hazel-nuts. She pretended they were all new; but I
+found she had mixed a whole bushel of old, empty, rotten nuts among the
+same quantity of new. With that I adjudged them to be given to the
+hospital boys, who know how to pick the good from the bad, and gave
+sentence against her that she should not come into the market for
+fifteen days; and people said I did well.
+
+"I am mighty well pleased that my lady duchess has written to my wife,
+Teresa Pauza, and sent her the token you mention. It shall go hard but I
+will requite her kindness one time or other. Pray give my service to
+her, and tell her from me she has not cast her gift in a broken sack, as
+something more than words shall show.
+
+"If I might advise you, and had my wish, there should be no falling out
+between your worship and my lord and lady; for, if you quarrel with
+them, it is I must come by the worst for it. And, since you mind me of
+being grateful, it will not look well in you not to be so to those who
+have made so much of you at their castle.
+
+"If my wife, Teresa Panza, writes to me, pray pay the postage and send
+me the letter; for I have a mighty desire to know how fares it with her,
+and my house and children. So Heaven protect your worship from
+evil-minded enchanters, and bring me safe and sound out of this
+government; which I very much doubt, seeing how I am treated by Doctor
+Pedro Rezio.
+
+"Your worship's servant,
+
+"SANCHO PANZA, _the Governor_."
+
+
+TERESA PANZA'S LETTER TO HER HUSBAND, SANCHO PANZA.
+
+"I received thy letter, dear Sancho of my soul, and I promise and swear
+to thee, on the faith of a Catholic Christian, I was within two
+finger-breadths of running mad with joy; and take notice, brother, when
+I heard thou wast a governor, I had liked to have dropped down dead with
+pure pleasure; for thou knowest they say sudden joy kills as well as
+deadly sorrow.
+
+"Thy hunting-suit lay before me, the string of corals sent by lady
+duchess was tied round my neck, the letters were in my hand, and the
+messenger in my presence; and yet I imagined and believed that all I saw
+and handled was a dream, for who could conceive that a goatherd should
+come to be governor of islands? Thou knowest, my friend, that my mother
+said, 'One must live long to see a great deal.' This I mention because I
+hope to see more if I live longer, for I do not intend to stop until I
+see thee a farmer or collector of the revenue,--offices which, though
+they carry those who abuse them to the devil, are, in short, always
+bringing in the penny.
+
+"My lady duchess will tell thee how desirous I am of going to court.
+Consider of it, and let me know thy pleasure, for I will endeavor to do
+thee honor there by riding in my coach.
+
+"The curate, barber, bachelor, and even the sexton, cannot believe thou
+art a governor, and say the whole is a deception or matter of
+enchantment, like all the affairs of thy master, Don Quixote. Sampson
+vows he will go in quest of thee, and drive this government out of thy
+head, as well as the madness out of Don Quixote's skull. I say nothing,
+but laugh in my own sleeve, look at my beads, and contrive how to make
+thy hunting-suit into a gown and petticoat for our daughter. I have sent
+some acorns to my lady duchess, and I wish they were of gold. Send me
+some strings of pearls, if they are in fashion in thy island.
+
+"The news of our town are these: the widow of the hill has matched her
+daughter with a bungling painter, who came here and undertook all sort
+of work. The corporation employed him to paint the king's arms over the
+gate of the town-house. He asked them two ducats for the job, which they
+paid beforehand; so he fell to it and worked eight days, at the end of
+which he had made nothing of it, and said he could not bring his hand to
+paint such trumpery, and returned the money; yet, for all that, he
+married in the name of a good workman. The truth is, he has left his
+brushes and taken up the spade, and goes to the field like a gentleman.
+Pedro de Lobo's son has taken orders and shaved his crown, meaning to be
+a priest. Minguilla, Mingo Silvato's niece, hearing of it, is suing him
+upon a promise of marriage. We have had no olives this year, nor is
+there a drop of vinegar to be had in all the town. A company of
+foot-soldiers passed through here, and carried off with them three
+girls. I will not say who they are; mayhap they will return, and
+somebody or other marry them, with all their faults. Sanchica makes
+bone-lace, and gets eight maravedis a day, which she drops into a
+saving-box, to help her toward household stuff; but now that she is a
+governor's daughter, she has no need to work, for thou wilt give her a
+portion without it. The fountain in our market-place is dried up. A
+thunderbolt fell upon the pillory, and there may they all alight! I
+expect an answer to this, and about my going to court. And so God grant
+thee more years than myself, or as many, for I would not willingly leave
+thee behind me.
+
+"Thy wife,
+
+"TERESA PANZA."
+
+To think that the affairs of this life are always to remain in the same
+state is an erroneous fancy. The face of things rather seems continually
+to change and roll with circular motion; summer succeeds the spring,
+autumn the summer, winter the autumn, and then spring again. So time
+proceeds in this perpetual round; only the life of man is ever hastening
+to its end, swifter than time itself, without hopes to be renewed,
+unless in the next, that is unlimited and infinite. For even by the
+light of nature and without that of faith, many have discovered the
+swiftness and instability of this present being, and the duration of the
+eternal life which is expected.
+
+  "I know St. Peter is well at Rome," meaning every one does
+  well to follow the employment to which he was bred.
+
+  Let no one stretch his feet beyond the length of his sheet.
+
+  When thou art in Rome follow the fashions of Rome.
+
+  Sweet is our love of native land.
+
+  The prudent man who is expecting to be deprived of his
+  habitation looks out for another before he is turned out of
+  doors.
+
+  Well-got wealth may meet disaster,
+  But ill-got wealth destroys its master.
+
+  Bread is relief for all kind of grief.
+
+  We can bear with patience the ill-luck that comes alone.
+
+  Man projects in vain,
+  For God doth still ordain.
+
+  As is the reason,
+  Such is the season.
+
+  Let no man presume to think
+  Of this cup I will not drink.
+  Where the flitch we hope to find,
+  Not even a hook is left behind.
+
+  Keep a safe conscience, and let people say what they will.
+
+  It is as impracticable to tie up the tongue of malice as to
+  erect barricades in the open fields.
+
+"If a governor resigns his office in good circumstances, people say he
+must have been an oppressor and a knave; and if poverty attends him in
+his retreat, they set him down as an idiot and fool."
+
+"For this time," answered Sancho, "I am certain they will think me more
+fool than knave."
+
+  The great Sancho Panza, the flower and mirror of all island
+  governors.
+
+  A law neglected is the same as if it had never been enacted.
+
+  Give always to the cat
+  What was kept for the rat,
+  And let it be thy view
+  All mischief to eschew.
+
+  It is fitting that all who receive a benefit should show
+  themselves grateful, though it be only a trifle.
+
+SONG OF ALTISIDORA.
+
+    Stay, cruel knight,
+    Take not thy flight,
+  Nor spur thy battered jade;
+    Thy haste restrain,
+    Draw in the rein,
+  And hear a love-sick maid.
+    Why dost thou fly?
+    No snake am I,
+  That poison those I love.
+    Gentle I am
+    As any lamb,
+  And harmless as a dove.
+    Thy cruel scorn
+    Has left forlorn
+  A nymph whose charms may vie
+    With theirs who sport
+    In Cynthia's court,
+  Though Venus' self were by.
+Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,
+Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!
+
+    Like ravenous kite
+    That takes its flight
+  Soon as't has stol'n a chicken,
+    Thou bear'st away
+    My heart, thy prey,
+  And leav'st me here to sicken.
+    Three night-caps, too,
+    And garters blue,
+  That did to legs belong
+    Smooth to the sight
+    As marble white,
+  And faith, almost as strong.
+    Two thousand groans,
+    As many moans,
+  And sighs enough to fire
+    Old Priam's town,
+    And burn it down,
+  Did it again aspire.
+Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,
+Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!
+
+    May Sancho ne'er
+    His buttocks bare
+  Fly-flap, as is his duty;
+    And thou still want
+    To disenchant
+  Dulcinea's injured beauty.
+    May still transformed,
+    And still deformed,
+  Toboso's nymph remain,
+    In recompense
+    Of thy offence,
+  Thy scorn and cold disdain.
+    When thou dost wield
+    Thy sword in field,
+  In combat, or in quarrel,
+    Ill-luck and harms
+    Attend thy arms,
+  Instead of fame and laurel.
+Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,
+Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!
+
+    May thy disgrace
+    Fill every place,
+  Thy falsehood ne'er be hid,
+    But round the world
+    Be tossed and hurled,
+  From Seville to Madrid.
+    If, brisk and gay,
+    Thou sitt'st to play
+  At ombre or at chess,
+    May ne'er spadille
+    Attend thy will,
+  Nor luck thy movements bless.
+    Though thou with care
+    Thy corns dost pare,
+  May blood the penknife follow;
+    May thy gums rage,
+    And naught assuage
+  The pain of tooth that's hollow.
+Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,
+Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!
+
+  Liberty is one of the most precious gifts which Heaven hath
+  bestowed on man, exceeding all the treasures which earth
+  encloses, or which ocean hides; and for this blessing, as
+  well as for honor, we may and ought to venture life itself.
+  On the other hand, captivity and restraint are the greatest
+  evils that human nature can endure. I make this observation,
+  Sancho, because thou hast seen the delicacies and the plenty
+  with which we were entertained in that castle; yet, in the
+  midst of those savory banquets and ice-cooled potations, I
+  thought myself confined within the very straits of famine,
+  because I did not enjoy the treat with that liberty which I
+  should have felt had it been my own.
+
+  Obligations incurred by benefits and favors received are
+  fetters which hamper the free-born soul.
+
+  Happy is he to whom Heaven hath sent a morsel of bread, for
+  which he is obliged to none but Heaven itself.
+
+  The man in wisdom must be old
+  Who knows in giving where to hold.
+
+  All times are not the same, nor equally fortunate; and those
+  incidents which the vulgar call omens, though not founded on
+  any natural reason, have, even by persons of sagacity, been
+  held and deemed as fair and fortunate. One of these
+  superstitious omen-mongers rises in the morning, goes
+  abroad, chances to meet a friar belonging to the beatified
+  St. Francis; and as if he had encountered a dragon in his
+  way, runs back to his own house with fear and consternation.
+  Another Foresight by accident scatters the salt upon the
+  table, by which fear and melancholy are scattered through
+  his heart; as if Nature was obliged to foretell future
+  misfortunes by such trivial signs and tokens; whereas a
+  prudent man and a good Christian will not so minutely
+  scrutinize the purposes of Heaven. Scipio, chancing to fall
+  in landing upon the coast of Afric, and perceiving that his
+  soldiers looked upon this accident as a bad omen, he
+  embraced the soil with seeming eagerness, saying, "Thou
+  shalt not 'scape me, Afric, for I have thee safe in my
+  arms."
+
+  Love has no respect of persons, and laughs at the
+  admonitions of reason; like Death, he pursues his game both
+  in the stately palaces of kings and the humble huts of
+  shepherds. When he has got a soul fairly in his clutches,
+  his first business is to deprive it of all shame and fear.
+
+  Beauty, they say, is the chief thing in love-matters.
+
+"Hearken to me, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "there are two kinds of
+beauty,--the one of the mind, the other of the body. That of the mind
+shines forth in good sense and good conduct, in modesty, liberality, and
+courtesy; and all these qualities may be found in one who has no
+personal attractions; and when that species of beauty captivates, it
+produces a vehement and superior passion. I well know, Sancho, that I am
+not handsome, but I know also that I am not deformed; and a man of
+worth, if he be not hideous, may inspire love, provided he has those
+qualities of the mind which I have mentioned."
+
+Of all the sins that men commit, though some say pride, in my opinion
+ingratitude is the worst. It is truly said that hell is full of the
+ungrateful. From that foul crime I have endeavored to abstain ever since
+I enjoyed the use of reason; and if I cannot return the good offices
+done me by equal benefits, I substitute my desire to repay them; and if
+this be not enough, I publish them: for he who proclaims the favors he
+has received would return them if he could. And generally the power of
+the receiver is unequal to that of the giver, like the bounty of Heaven,
+to which no man can make an equal return. But, though utterly unable to
+repay the unspeakable beneficence of God, gratitude affords an humble
+compensation suited to our limited powers.
+
+  Lay a bridge of silver for a flying enemy.
+
+  Let Martha die, so that she be well fed.
+
+  He that has skill should handle the quill.
+
+  There is no greater folly than to give way to despair.
+
+  Patience often falls to the ground when it is over-loaded
+  with injuries.
+
+  Alexander the Great ventured to cut the Gordian knot, on the
+  supposition that cutting would be as effectual as untying
+  it, and, notwithstanding this violence, became sole master
+  of all Asia.
+
+  "Be not concerned," said Roque, addressing himself to Don
+  Quixote, "nor tax Fortune with unkindness. By thus
+  stumbling, you may chance to stand more firmly than ever;
+  for Heaven, by strange and circuitous ways,
+  incomprehensible to men, is wont to raise the fallen and
+  enrich the needy."
+
+  Oh, maddening sting of jealousy, how deadly thy effects!
+
+  Justice must needs be a good thing, for it is necessary even
+  among thieves.
+
+  "Signor Roque," said he, "the beginning of a cure consists
+  in the knowledge of the distemper and in the patient's
+  willingness to take the medicines prescribed to him by his
+  physician. You are sick; you know your malady, and God, our
+  physician, is ready with medicines that, in time, will
+  certainly effect a cure. Besides, sinners of good
+  understanding are nearer to amendment than those who are
+  devoid of it; and, as your superior sense is manifest be of
+  good cheer and hope for your entire recovery. If in this
+  desirable work you would take the shortest way and at once
+  enter that of your salvation, come with me and I will teach
+  you to be a knight-errant,--a profession, it is true, full
+  of labors and disasters, but which, being placed to the
+  account of penance, will not fail to lead you to honor and
+  felicity."
+
+  The abbot must eat that sings for his meat.
+
+  Courtesy begets courtesy.
+
+  The jest that gives pain is no jest.
+
+  That pastime should not be indulged which tends to the
+  detriment of a fellow-creature.
+
+  The fire is discovered by its own light; so is virtue by its
+  own excellence.
+
+  No renown equals in splendor that which is acquired by the
+  profession of arms.
+
+  Virtue demands our homage wherever it is found.
+
+  Women are commonly impatient and inquisitive.
+
+  By a man's actions may be seen the true disposition of his
+  mind.
+
+"Body of me," said Don Quixote, "what a progress you have made, signor,
+in the Tuscan language! I would venture a good wager that where the
+Tuscan says _piace_, you say, in Castilian, _plaze_; and where he says
+_piu_, you say _mas_; and _su_ you translate by the word _arriba_; and
+_giu_ by _abaxo_."
+
+"I do so, most certainly," quoth the author, "for such are the
+corresponding words."
+
+"And yet, I dare say, sir," quoth Don Quixote, "that you are scarcely
+known in the world,--but it is the fate of all ingenious men. What
+abilities are lost, what genius obscured, and what talents despised!
+Nevertheless, I cannot but think that translation from one language into
+another, unless it be from the noblest of all languages, Greek and
+Latin, is like presenting the back of a piece of tapestry, where,
+though the figures are seen, they are obscured by innumerable knots and
+ends of thread, very different from the smooth and agreeable texture of
+the proper face of the work; and to translate easy languages of a
+similar construction requires no more talent than transcribing one paper
+from another. But I would not hence infer that translating is not a
+laudable exercise; for a man may be worse and more unprofitably
+employed. Nor can my observation apply to the two celebrated
+translators, Doctor Christopher de Figueroa, in his 'Pastor Fido,' and
+Don John de Xaurigui, in his 'Aminta,' who, with singular felicity, have
+made it difficult to decide which is the translation and which is the
+original. But tell me, signor, is this book printed at your charge, or
+have you sold the copyright to some bookseller?"
+
+"I print it, sir, on my own account," answered the author, "and expect a
+thousand ducats by this first impression of two thousand copies. At six
+reals each copy they will go off in a trice."
+
+"'Tis mighty well," quoth Don Quixote, "though I fear you know but
+little of the tricks of booksellers, and the juggling there is amongst
+them. Take my word for it, you will find a burden of two thousand
+volumes upon your back no trifling matter, especially if the book be
+deficient in sprightliness."
+
+"What, sir!" cried the author, "would you have me give my labor to a
+bookseller, who, if he paid me three maravedis for it, would think it
+abundant, and say I was favored? No, sir, fame is not my object: of that
+I am already secure. Profit is what I now seek, without which fame is
+nothing."
+
+"Well, Heaven prosper you, sir!" said the knight, who, passing on,
+observed a man correcting a sheet of a book entitled "The Light of the
+Soul." On seeing the title, he said, "Books of this kind, numerous as
+they already are, ought still to be encouraged; for numerous are the
+benighted sinners that require to be enlightened." He went forward, and
+saw another book under the corrector's hand, and, on inquiring the
+title, they told him it was the second part of the ingenious gentleman
+Don Quixote de la Mancha, written by such a one, of Tordesillas.
+
+"I know something of that book," quoth Don Quixote, "and, on my
+conscience, I thought it had been burnt long before now for its
+stupidity; but its Martinmas will come, as it does to every hog. Works
+of invention are only so far good as they come near to truth and
+probability; as general history is valuable in proportion as it is
+authentic."
+
+  Rashness is not valor; doubtful hopes ought to make men
+  resolute, not rash.
+
+  There is a remedy for all things except death.
+
+  Between said and done
+  A long race may be run.
+
+  He whom Heaven favors may St. Peter bless.
+
+  They that give must take.
+
+  Where there are hooks, we do not always find bacon.
+
+  Good expectation is better than bad possession.
+
+  To-day for you, and to-morrow for me.
+
+  He that falls to-day may rise to-morrow.
+
+  Great hearts should be patient under misfortunes, as well as
+  joyful when all goes well.
+
+  I have heard say, she they call Fortune is a drunken,
+  freakish dame, and withal so blind that she does not see
+  what she is about; neither whom she raises, nor whom she
+  pulls down.
+
+  One thing I must tell thee, there is no such thing in the
+  world as fortune; nor do the events which fall out, whether
+  good or evil, proceed from chance, but from the particular
+  appointment of Heaven,--and hence comes the usual saying,
+  that every man is the maker of his own fortune.
+
+  The faults of the ass should not be laid on the pack-saddle.
+
+  When it rains let the shower fall upon my cloak.
+
+  "Observe, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "there is a great deal
+  of difference between love and gratitude. It is very
+  possible for a gentleman not to be in love; but, strictly
+  speaking, it is impossible he should be ungrateful."
+
+  The sin will cease when the temptation is removed.
+
+  The heart will not grieve for what the eye doth not
+  perceive.
+
+  What prayers can ne'er gain, a leap from a hedge may obtain.
+
+  Proverbs are short maxims of human wisdom, the result of
+  experience and observation, and are the gifts of ancient
+  sages; yet the proverb which is not aptly applied, instead
+  of being wisdom, is stark nonsense.
+
+  It is the part of a good servant to sympathize with his
+  master's pains.
+
+  "Methinks," quoth Sancho, "that a man cannot be suffering
+  much when he can turn his brain to verse-making."
+
+
+SANCHO PANZA ON SLEEP.
+
+"No entiendo eso," replied Sancho; "solo entiendo que en tanto que
+duermo, ni tengo temor, ni esperanza, ni trabajo, ni gloria; y bien haya
+el que inventó el sueño, capa que cubre todos los humanos pensamientos,
+manjar que quita la hambre, agua que ahuyenta la sed, fuego que calienta
+el frio, frio que templa el ardor, y finalmente moneda general con que
+todas las cosas se compran, balanza y peso que iguala al pastor con el
+rey, y al simple con el discreto. Sola una cosa tiene mala el sueño,
+segun he oido decir, y es que se parece á la muerte, pues de un dormido
+á un muerto hay muy poca diferencia."
+
+"I know not what that means," replied Sancho; "I only know that while I
+am asleep I have neither fear, nor hope, nor trouble, nor glory.
+Blessings light on him who first invented sleep! Sleep is the mantle
+that shrouds all human thoughts; the food that dispels hunger; the drink
+that quenches thirst; the fire that warms the cold; the cool breeze that
+moderates heat; in a word, the general coin that purchases every
+commodity; the weight and balance that makes the shepherd even with his
+sovereign, and the simple with the sage. There is only one bad
+circumstance, as I have heard, in sleep: it resembles death, inasmuch as
+between a dead corse and a sleeping man there is no apparent
+difference."
+
+"Enjoy thy repose," said Don Quixote; "thou wast born to sleep and I to
+watch; and, during the little of night that remains, I will give my
+thoughts the rein, and cool the furnace of my reflections with a short
+madrigal, which I have this evening, unknown to thee, composed in my own
+mind."
+
+    Amor, cuando yo pienso
+  En el mal que me das terrible y fuerte,
+  Voy corriendo á la muerte,
+  Pensando así acabar mi mal inmenso:
+
+    Mas en llegando al paso,
+  Que es puerto en este mar de mi tormento,
+  Tanta alegría siento,
+  Que la vida se esfuerza, y no le paso.
+
+    Así el vivir me mata,
+  Que la muerte me torna á dar la vida.
+  O condicion no oida,
+  La que conmigo muerte y vida trata!
+
+  O love! when, sick of heart-felt grief,
+    I sigh, and drag thy cruel chain,
+  To death I fly, the sure relief
+    Of those who groan in lingering pain.
+
+  But coming to the fatal gates,
+    The port in this my sea of woe,
+  The joy I feel new life creates,
+    And bids my spirits brisker flow.
+
+  Thus dying every hour I live,
+    And living I resign my breath.
+  Strange power of love, that thus can give
+    A dying life and living death!
+
+
+  Till Heaven, in pity to the weeping world,
+    Shall give Altisidora back to day,
+  By Quixote's scorn to realms of Pluto hurled,
+    Her every charm to cruel death a prey;
+    While matrons throw their gorgeous robes away,
+  To mourn a nymph by cold disdain betrayed:
+    To the complaining lyre's enchanting lay
+  I'll sing the praises of this hapless maid,
+In sweeter notes than Thracian Orpheus ever played.
+
+  Nor shall my numbers with my life expire,
+    Or this world's light confine the boundless song:
+  To thee, bright maid, in death I'll touch the lyre,
+    And to my soul the theme shall still belong.
+    When, freed from clay, the flitting ghosts among,
+  My spirit glides the Stygian shores around,
+    Though the cold hand of death has sealed my tongue,
+  Thy praise the infernal caverns shall rebound,
+And Lethe's sluggish waves move slower to the sound.
+
+
+  Better kill me outright than break my back with other men's
+  burdens.
+
+  Sleep is the best cure for waking troubles.
+
+  Devils, play or not play, win or not win, can never be
+  content.
+
+  History that is good, faithful, and true, will survive for
+  ages; but should it have none of these qualities, its
+  passage will be short between the cradle and the grave.
+
+  As for dying for love, it is all a jest; your lovers,
+  indeed, may easily say they are dying, but that they will
+  actually give up the ghost, believe it--Judas.
+
+"Madam," said he, "your ladyship should know that the chief cause of
+this good damsel's suffering is idleness, the remedy whereof is honest
+and constant employment. Lace, she tells me, is much worn in purgatory,
+and since she cannot but know how to make it, let her stick to that;
+for, while her fingers are assiduously employed with her bobbins, the
+images that now haunt her imagination will keep aloof, and leave her
+mind tranquil and happy. This, madam, is my opinion and advice."
+
+"And mine, too," added Sancho, "for I never in my life heard of a
+lacemaker that died for love; for your damsels that bestir themselves at
+some honest labor think more of their work than of their sweethearts. I
+know it by myself; when I am digging, I never think of my Teresa,
+though, God bless her! I love her more than my very eyelids."
+
+
+  Railing among lovers is the next neighbor to forgiveness.
+
+  The ass will carry the load, but not a double load.
+
+  When money's paid before it's due,
+  A broken limb will straight ensue.
+
+  Delay breeds danger.
+
+  Pray to God devoutly,
+  And hammer away stoutly.
+
+  A sparrow in the hand is worth an eagle on the wing.
+
+"No more proverbs, for God's sake," quoth Don Quixote, "for, methinks,
+Sancho, thou art losing ground, and returning to _sicut erat_. Speak
+plainly, as I have often told thee, and thou wilt find it worth a loaf
+per cent to thee."
+
+"I know not how I came by this unlucky trick," replied Sancho: "I cannot
+bring you in three words to the purpose without a proverb, nor give you
+a proverb which, to my thinking, is not to the purpose;--but I will try
+to mend."
+
+  The straw is too hard to make pipes of.
+
+The knight and squire ascended a little eminence, whence they discovered
+their village; which Sancho no sooner beheld than, kneeling down, he
+said: "Open thine eyes, O my beloved country! and behold thy son, Sancho
+Panza, returning to thee again, if not rich, yet well whipped! Open
+thine arms, and receive thy son Don Quixote, too! who, though worsted by
+another, has conquered himself, which, as I have heard say, is the best
+kind of victory! Money I have gotten, and though I have been soundly
+banged, I have come off like a gentleman."
+
+"Leave these fooleries, Sancho," quoth Don Quixote, "and let us go
+directly to our homes, where we will give full scope to our imagination,
+and settle our intended scheme of a pastoral life."
+
+It must here be mentioned that Sancho Panza, by way of sumpter-cloth,
+had thrown the buckram robe painted with flames, which he had worn on
+the night of Altisidora's revival, upon his ass. He likewise clapped the
+mitre on Dapple's head,--in short, never was an ass so honored and
+bedizened. The priest and bachelor, immediately recognizing their
+friends, ran toward them with open arms. Don Quixote alighted, and
+embraced them cordially. In the mean time, the boys, whose keen eyes
+nothing can escape, came flocking from all parts.
+
+"Ho!" cries one, "here comes Sancho Panza's ass, as gay as a parrot, and
+Don Quixote's old horse, leaner than ever!"
+
+Thus, surrounded by the children and accompanied by the priest and the
+bachelor, they proceeded through the village till they arrived at Don
+Quixote's house, where, at the door, they found the housekeeper and the
+niece, who had already heard of his arrival. It had likewise reached the
+ears of Sancho's wife, Teresa, who, half-naked, with her hair about her
+ears, and dragging Sanchica after her, ran to meet her husband; and
+seeing him not so well equipped as she thought a governor ought to be,
+she said: "What makes you come thus, dear husband? methinks you come
+afoot and foundered! This, I trow, is not as a governor should look."
+
+"Peace, wife," quoth Sancho; "the bacon is not so easily found as the
+pin to hang it on. Let us go home, and there you shall hear wonders. I
+have got money, and honestly, too, without wronging anybody."
+
+"Hast thou got money, good husband? Nay, then, 't is well, however it
+be gotten; for, well or ill, it will have brought up no new custom in
+the world."
+
+All things human, especially the lives of men, are transitory, ever
+advancing from their beginning to their decline and final determination.
+
+"The greatest folly," said Sancho, "that a man can commit in this world,
+is to give himself up to death without any good cause for it, but only
+from melancholy."
+
+
+THE WILL OF DON QUIXOTE.
+
+"I feel, good sirs," said Don Quixote, "that death advances fast upon
+me. Let us then be serious, and bring me a confessor, and a notary to
+draw up my will, for a man in my state must not trifle with his soul.
+Let the notary be sent for, I beseech you, while my friend here, the
+priest, is taking my confession."
+
+The priest, having listened to his dying friend's confession, came out
+of the room and told them that the good Alonzo Quixano was near his end,
+and certainly in his right senses; he therefore advised them to go in,
+as it was full time that his will should be made. These tidings gave a
+terrible stab to the overcharged hearts of the two ladies and his
+faithful squire, whose eyes overflowed with weeping, and whose bosoms
+had well-nigh burst with a thousand sighs and groans; for, indeed, it
+must be owned, as we have somewhere observed, that whether in the
+character of Alonzo Quixano the Good, or in the capacity of Don Quixote
+de la Mancha, the poor gentleman had always exhibited marks of a
+peaceable temper and agreeable demeanor, for which he was beloved, not
+only by his own family, but also by all those who had the pleasure of
+his acquaintance.
+
+The notary entering the apartment with the rest of the company, wrote
+the preamble of the will, in which Don Quixote disposed of his soul in
+all the necessary Christian forms; then proceeding to the legacies, he
+said:--
+
+"Item: whereas, Sancho Panza, whom, in my madness, I made my squire, has
+in his hands a certain sum of money for my use; and, as divers accounts,
+disbursements, and pecuniary transactions have passed between us, it is
+my will that he shall not be charged or brought to account for the said
+money; but, if there be any overplus after he has deducted the payment
+of what I owe him, the said overplus, which must be a mere trifle, shall
+be his own, and much good may it do him; and as, during my disorder, I
+contributed to his being made governor of an island, I would now, while
+I enjoy my perfect senses, confer upon him, were it in my power, a whole
+kingdom, which he richly deserves for the innocency of his heart and the
+fidelity of his service."
+
+Then turning to the disconsolate squire, "Forgive me, friend," said he,
+"for having been the cause of thy appearing in the eye of the world a
+madman like myself, by drawing thee into my erroneous notions concerning
+the existence and adventures of knights-errant."
+
+"Gentlemen," said Don Quixote, "let us proceed fair and softly. I was
+mad, I am now sane; I was Don Quixote de la Mancha; I am now, as
+formerly styled, Alonzo Quixano the Good. And may my repentance and
+sincerity restore me to the esteem you once had for me. Now let the
+notary proceed.
+
+"Item: I bequeath to Antonia Quixano, my niece, here present, all my
+estate, real and personal, after the payment of all my debts and
+legacies; and the first to be discharged shall be the wages due to my
+housekeeper for the time she has been in my service, and twenty ducats
+besides for a suit of mourning.
+
+"I appoint for my executors signor the priest and signor bachelor
+Sampson Carrasco, here present.
+
+"Item: It is also my will that, if Antonia Quixano, my niece, should be
+inclined to marry, it shall be only with a man who, upon the strictest
+inquiry, shall be found to know nothing of books of chivalry; and, in
+case it appear that he is acquainted with such books, and that my niece,
+notwithstanding, will and doth marry him, then shall she forfeit all I
+have bequeathed her, which my executors may dispose of in pious uses as
+they think proper.
+
+"And, finally, I beseech the said gentlemen, my executors, that if haply
+they should come to the knowledge of the author of a certain history
+dispersed abroad, entitled, 'The Second Part of the Achievements of Don
+Quixote de la Mancha,' that they will, in my name, most earnestly
+entreat him to forgive me for having been the innocent cause of his
+writing such a number of absurdities as that performance contains; for I
+quit this life with some scruples of conscience arising from that
+consideration."
+
+The will being thus concluded, he was seized with a fainting-fit, and
+stretched himself at full length in the bed, so that all the company
+were alarmed and ran to his assistance. During three days which he lived
+after the will was signed and sealed, he frequently fainted, and the
+whole family was in confusion. Nevertheless, the niece ate her victuals,
+the housekeeper drank to the repose of his soul, and even Sancho
+cherished his little carcass; for the prospect of succession either
+dispels or moderates that affliction which an heir ought to feel at the
+death of the testator.
+
+At last Don Quixote expired, after having received all the sacraments,
+and in the strongest terms, pathetically enforced, expressed his
+abomination against all books of chivalry; and the notary observed, that
+in all the books of that kind which he had perused, he had never read of
+any knight-errant who died quietly in his bed as a good Christian, like
+Don Quixote; who, amidst the tears and lamentations of all present, gave
+up the ghost, or, in other words, departed this life. The curate was no
+sooner certified of his decease, than he desired the notary to make out
+a testimonial, declaring that Alonzo Quixano the Good, commonly called
+Don Quixote de la Mancha, had taken his departure from this life, and
+died of a natural death; that no other author, different from Cid Hamet
+Benengeli, should falsely pretend to raise him from the dead, and write
+endless histories of his achievements.
+
+
+This was the end of that extraordinary gentleman of La Mancha, whose
+birthplace Cid Hamet was careful to conceal, that all the towns and
+villages of that province might contend for the honor of having produced
+him, as did the seven cities of Greece for the glory of giving birth to
+Homer. The lamentations of Sancho, the niece and the housekeeper, are
+not here given, nor the new epitaphs on the tomb of the deceased knight,
+except the following one, composed by Sampson Carrasco:--
+
+  Here lies the valiant cavalier,
+  Who never had a sense of fear:
+  So high his matchless courage rose,
+He reckoned death among his vanquished foes.
+
+  Wrongs to redress, his sword he drew,
+  And many a caitiff giant slew;
+  His days of life though madness stained,
+In death his sober senses he regained.
+
+
+  FOOTNOTES
+
+  [1] Rodrigo de Bivar, or the Cid, the national champion of
+  Spain.
+
+  [2] Some biographers have it that the house was in the Calle
+  de Leon, afterwards the royal asylum, and that his wife and
+  sister had belonged to the third order of St. Francis for
+  seven years before his death.
+
+  [3] Showing that Cervantes was familiar with the Bible as
+  well as Latin classics.
+
+  [4] Showing also his familiarity with Æsop.
+
+  [5] The king's morsel is better than the lord's bounty.
+
+  [6] Certain churches, with indulgences, appointed to be
+  visited, either for pardon of sins, or for procuring
+  blessings. Madmen, probably, in their lucid intervals, were
+  obliged to this exercise.
+
+  [7] "From a friend to a friend, a bug in the eye," is a
+  proverb applied to the false professions of friendship.
+
+  [8] Cervantes makes frequent use of Bible quotations.
+
+  [9] A Sicilian, native of Catania, who lived in the latter
+  part of the sixteenth century. He was commonly called
+  Pesce-cola, or Fish-Nicholas, and is said to have lived so
+  much in the water from his infancy, that he could cleave the
+  waters in the midst of a storm like a marine animal.
+
+  [10] _Zapateadores_: dancers that strike the soles of their
+  shoes with the palms of their hands, in time and measure.
+
+  [11] The phrase, _No quiero de tu capilla_, alludes to the
+  practice of friars, who, when charity is offered, hold out
+  their hoods to receive it, while they pronounce a refusal
+  with their tongues.
+
+  [12] The entire proverb is: "He whose father is mayor goes
+  safe to his trial."
+
+  [13] The proverb is: "To keep silence well is called
+  _Santo_."
+
+  [14] Jarvis's translation.
+
+  [15] Trunk-hose were prohibited by royal decree shortly
+  after the publication of _Don Quixote_.
+
+  [16] It was customary for men of quality to wear a veil or
+  mask depending from the covering worn on the head, in order
+  to shield the face from the sun.
+
+
+University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WIT AND WISDOM OF DON QUIXOTE***
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+<h1 class="pg">The Project Gutenberg eBook, Wit and Wisdom of Don Quixote, by Miguel de
+Cervantes Saavedra</h1>
+<pre>
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre>
+<p>Title: Wit and Wisdom of Don Quixote</p>
+<p>Author: Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra</p>
+<p>Release Date: March 4, 2008  [eBook #24754]</p>
+<p>Language: English</p>
+<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p>
+<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WIT AND WISDOM OF DON QUIXOTE***</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3 class="pg">E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Turgut Dincer,<br />
+    and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br />
+    (http://www.pgdp.net)</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><img src=
+"images/illus-001a.png" width="400" height="685" alt="CERVANTES." title=
+"" /><br /><span class="caption">CERVANTES.</span></div>
+
+<hr class="hr" />
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><img src=
+"images/illus-002a.png" width="400" height="538" alt="Cervantes Monument in Madrid, Spain" title=
+"Cervantes Monument in Madrid, Spain" /></div>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="hr" />
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h1><span class="smcap">Wit and Wisdom</span></h1>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">of</span></h3>
+
+<h1><span class="smcap">Don Quixote.</span></h1>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4><small><span class="smcap">Patch grief with proverbs.</span>&mdash;<i>Shakespeare.</i></small></h4>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>BOSTON:
+ROBERTS BROTHERS.
+1882.</h4>
+
+<h5>
+<i>Copyright, 1882,</i>
+<span class="smcap">By Roberts Brothers.</span>
+</h5>
+<h6><span class="smcap">University Press:</span>
+<span class="smcap">John Wilson and Son, Cambridge.</span>
+</h6>
+<hr style="width: 20%;" />
+<h3>INDEX.</h3>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 170px;"><img src=
+"images/tb.png" width="100" height="24" alt="CERVANTES." title=
+"" /></div>
+
+
+<ul class="IX">
+
+<li>Abadexo, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li><li>
+Adam, the first head scratched, <a href="#Page_168">168.</a></li><li>
+
+Adventure of the dead body, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</li><li>
+
+Adventures of Esplandian, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</li><li>
+
+Alamos of Medina del Campo, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</li><li>
+
+Aldermen, the braying, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</li><li>
+
+Altisidora, songs of, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</li><li>
+
+Amadis de Gaul, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</li><li>
+
+Amadis de Greece, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li><li>
+
+Arms, the honorable profession of, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</li><li>
+
+Araucana, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li><li>
+
+Austriada, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+
+Bacallao, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li><li>
+
+Barabbas, wife for, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</li><li>
+
+Barataria, the island of, <a href="#Page_222">220</a>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.</li><li>
+
+Barber's basin, taken for Mambrino's helmet, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li><li>
+
+Basilius the Poor, adventure of, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</li><li>
+
+Belfreys and palfreys much the same, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>.</li><li>
+
+Boar hunt, the, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</li><li>
+
+Bray, town of, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+
+Cane, the hollow, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li><li>
+
+Carrasco, views upon critics, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>;<ul><li>
+
+made executor, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</li></ul></li><li>
+
+Chrysostom, story of, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;<ul><li>
+
+interment of, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>;</li><li>
+
+song of, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>;</li><li>
+
+epitaph upon, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li></ul></li><li>
+
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">viii</a></span>
+Clavileno, flight of, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>.</li><li>
+
+Comedy, adherence to the unities necessary, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li><li>
+
+Countryman, the tale of, 239.</li><li>
+
+Critic, not cricket, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li><li>
+
+Cuenza, cloth of, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</li><li>
+
+Cupid's address at wedding of Quiteria, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</li><li>
+
+Curadillo, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li><li>
+
+Cure of jealousy, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li>
+&nbsp;
+</li><li>
+Dapple, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.</li><li>
+
+Darinel, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li><li>
+
+Dead body, adventure of, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</li><li>
+
+Death, Sancho's views on, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</li><li>
+
+Description of a lady, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li><li>
+
+Diana, the, of Montemayor, <a href="#Page_21">20</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li>
+
+Disenchantment of Dulcinea, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</li><li>
+
+Don Bellionis, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.</li><li>
+
+Don Diego de Miranda, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.</li><li>
+
+Don Galaor, serving no especial mistress, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</li><li>
+
+Don Olivante de Laura, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li><li>
+
+Don Kyrie Eleison of Montalvan, <a href="#Page_21">20</a>.</li><li>
+
+Don Quixote, income of, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;<ul><li>
+family of, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;</li><li>
+age of, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;</li><li>
+fancies of, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li><li>
+his armor, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li><li>
+his steed, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li><li>
+begins his adventures, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>;</li><li>
+arrival at inn, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>;</li><li>
+seeks knighthood, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>;</li><li>
+watches his armor, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>;</li><li>
+is knighted, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>;</li><li>
+his self-confidence, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>;</li><li>
+his library destroyed, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li><li>
+his squire, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li><li>
+extolls the Golden Age, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li><li>
+his requisites for a knight-errant, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li><li>
+at the interment of Chrysostom, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>;</li><li>
+his adventure with a dead body, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li><li>
+captures Mambrino's helmet, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>;</li><li>
+performs penance, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>;</li><li>
+his views of knight-errantry, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>;</li><li>
+receives a visit from the lady Dulcinea, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>;</li><li>
+adventure with the lions, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>;</li><li>
+attends the wedding of Quiteria the Fair, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li><li>
+a "sensible madman," <a href="#Page_197">197</a>;</li><li>
+counsels Sancho, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>;</li><li>
+his views upon poetry, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li><li>
+of love, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>;</li><li>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">ix</a></span>
+of marriage, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>;</li><li>
+upon long finger-nails, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>;</li><li>
+of proverbs, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>;</li><li>
+converses with an author, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>;</li><li>
+returns home, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>;</li><li>
+his will, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>;</li><li>
+his death, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>;</li><li>
+epitaph upon, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</li></ul></li><li>
+
+Duke and Duchess, the, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</li><li>
+
+Dulcinea, described by Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;<ul><li>
+letters to, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>;</li><li>
+lines to, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>;</li><li>
+disenchantment of, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>;</li><li>
+lines to, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>;</li><li>
+sonnet to, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</li></ul></li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Earldom, Sancho's views of the management of one, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</li><li>
+
+El Cancionero, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li>
+
+Enchanter's errand, the, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li><li>
+
+Epitaphs on Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</li><li>
+
+Epitaphs on Dulcinea, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</li><li>
+
+Ermine, a modest women compared to one, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Fabila, the fate of, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>.</li><li>
+
+Fish Nicholas, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>.</li><li>
+
+Florismarle of Hyrcania, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li><li>
+
+Fort, Sonnet on the, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</li><li>
+
+Frasso, Antonio de lo, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li>
+
+Friendship, sonnet to, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.</li><li>
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+
+Galatea of Cervantes, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li><li>
+
+Genealogies reduced to four kinds, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</li><li>
+
+Gil Polo, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li>
+
+Golden Age, panegyric upon the, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li><li>
+
+Goleta, sonnet upon the, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li><li>
+
+Governor's round of inspection, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</li><li>
+
+Gratitude a duty, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Heaven, death by the hand of, demands patience, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>.</li><li>
+
+Herdsmen, the purse of the, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</li><li>
+
+Herradura, the, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</li><li>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">x</a></span>
+
+Industry tranquillizing, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li><li>
+
+Instructions for government of Island, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>-210.</li><li>
+
+Island of Sancho Panza, promise of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;<ul><li>
+possession taken of, <a href="#Page_222">220</a>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>.</li></ul></li><li>
+
+
+Julius Cæsar, anecdote of, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Knighted, Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</li><li>
+
+Knight-errant, the, without a mistress, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>;<ul><li>
+food of, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li><li>
+impiety of, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li><li>
+defence of, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li><li>
+hunger of, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>;</li><li>
+compared to the courtier-knight, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>;</li><li>
+extolled, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>;</li><li>
+compared to the saints, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li><li>
+his need of money never recorded, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</li></ul></li><li>
+
+Knight-errantry, the surpassing excellence of, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>;<ul><li>
+compared to the life of a scholar or soldier, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>;</li><li>
+science of, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</li></ul></li><li>
+
+Knighthood, ceremonies of, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li><li>
+
+Knight of the Cross, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li><li>
+
+Knight Platir, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li><li>
+
+Knight, the, reproved, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>;<ul><li>
+if poor, his rank is manifested by his virtues, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li></ul></li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Lace-bone, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</li><li>
+
+Lace worn in Purgatory, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li><li>
+
+La Mancha, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</li><li>
+
+Lanzarote, romance of, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.</li><li>
+
+Learning of Sancho Panza, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</li><li>
+
+Letters, from Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>;<ul><li>
+from the Duchess, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>;</li><li>
+from the Duke, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>;</li><li>
+from Sancho, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>;</li><li>
+from Teresa, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li></ul></li><li>
+
+Library of Don Quixote destroyed, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>.</li><li>
+
+Licentiate, story of, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li><li>
+
+Lions, adventure with, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</li><li>
+
+Lucifer, the first tumbler, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</li><li>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">xi</a></span>
+
+Mambrino's helmet, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li><li>
+
+Manuscript discovered in Saragossa, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</li><li>
+
+Marcela, cruelty of, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li><li>
+
+Marriage of Camacho the Rich, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</li><li>
+
+Mateo Boyardo, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li><li>
+
+Merlin, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>-190.</li><li>
+
+Miraguardia, castle of, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.</li><li>
+
+Mirror of chivalry, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li><li>
+
+Molinera buckles the spurs, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li><li>
+
+Monteil, plains of, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</li><li>
+
+Monsurato, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li><li>
+
+Montesinos, care of, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Nymphs of Enares, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li>
+
+
+Olalia, poem to, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</li><li>
+
+Oran, general of, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Palinurus, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</li><li>
+
+Panza, Sancho, <i>vide</i> Sancho Panza.</li><li>
+
+Panza, Teresa, <i>vide</i> Teresa Panza.</li><li>
+
+Parley about the penance, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.</li><li>
+
+Pastor Fido, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.</li><li>
+
+Penance, a pleasing, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li><li>
+
+Penance of Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li><li>
+
+Poem addressed to Dulcinea, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li><li>
+
+Poem addressed to Olalia, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</li><li>
+
+Poetry, views of Don Quixote upon, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li><li>
+
+Praise of poverty, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</li><li>
+
+Proverbs. See <span class="smcap">Index To Proverbs</span>.</li><li>
+
+Proverbs, Don Quixote's dislike of, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</li><li>
+
+Proverbs of Sancho Panza, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</li><li>
+
+Pyramus and Thisbe, story of, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.</li><li>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">xii</a></span>
+
+Queen Pintiquinestra, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li><li>
+
+Quexana, Antonia, heiress of Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</li><li>
+
+Quixote, Don, <i>vide</i> Don Quixote.</li><li>
+
+Quiteria, the Fair, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Retention, definition of, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.
+</li><li>
+Rosinante, named, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;<ul><li>
+encomiums upon, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>;</li><li>
+sonnet to, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li></ul></li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Saints and knights-errant compared, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</li><li>
+
+Sancha Mary, a match for her considered, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>-115.</li><li>
+
+Sanchica, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</li><li>
+
+Sancho Panza, becomes a squire, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;<ul><li>
+counselled to ambition, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>;</li><li>
+defines retention, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>;</li><li>
+love to God, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>;</li><li>
+his views upon administration, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>;</li><li>
+is received by his wife, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>;</li><li>
+plain speaking of, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li><li>
+conditions of his service, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>;</li><li>
+self-confidence of, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>;</li><li>
+rejoicing at rejoining Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>;</li><li>
+homecomings of, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>;</li><li>
+at the wedding of Quiteria, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li><li>
+views upon death, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>;<ul><li>
+upon penance, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>;</li><li>
+upon sleep, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>;</li></ul></li><li>
+his conundrum, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>;</li><li>
+description of, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>;</li><li>
+plight of, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>;</li><li>
+at the boar hunt, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>;</li><li>
+submits to penance, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>;</li><li>
+government of, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>;</li><li>
+official dress of, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>;</li><li>
+learning of, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>;</li><li>
+proverbs of, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>;</li><li>
+receives advice, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>;</li><li>
+assumes the governorship, <a href="#Page_222">220</a>;</li><li>
+encounter with the doctor, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>;</li><li>
+advises the countryman, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>;</li><li>
+makes a round of inspection, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>;</li><li>
+returns home, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</li></ul></li><li>
+
+Saragossa, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</li><li>
+
+Scholars, sufferings of, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li><li>
+
+Serenade, a, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</li><li>
+
+Seville, story of lunatic of, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li><li>
+
+Shepherd of Iberia, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li>
+
+Shepherd of Filida, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li><li>
+
+Sleep, Sancho's views upon, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li><li>
+
+Soldier, sufferings of the, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.</li><li>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">xiii</a></span>
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Tailor, the secret of a, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</li><li>
+
+Tasters, story of, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</li><li>
+
+Tears of St. Peter, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li><li>
+
+Tembleque, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</li><li>
+
+Teresa Panza, receives Sancho, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>;<ul><li>
+counsels him, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>;</li><li>
+her good sense, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>;</li><li>
+receives the page, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>;</li><li>
+writes Sancho, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li></ul></li><li>
+
+Tirante the White, <a href="#Page_21">20</a>.</li><li>
+
+Tolosa, girds on sword of Don Quixote, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</li><li>
+
+Truchuela, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li><li>
+
+Truth, the mother of history, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Wife, but one good, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</li><li>
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+
+Zamora, a bagpipe, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>.</li></ul>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">xiv</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 20%;" />
+<h3>INDEX TO PROVERBS.</h3>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 170px;"><img src=
+"images/tb.png" width="100" height="24" alt="CERVANTES." title=
+"" /></div>
+
+
+<ul class="IX"><li>
+Actions, when prejudicial, not to be recorded, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</li><li>
+
+Advice, a woman's, to be taken, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</li><li>
+
+Affront, an, to be maintained, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</li><li>
+
+Animals, lessons to be learned from, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>.</li><li>
+
+Analysis of fables, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li><li>
+
+Army, the, a school for generosity, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li><li>
+
+Associates, character indicated by self-chosen ones, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li><li>
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+
+Beauty, all does not inspire to love, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li><li>
+
+Beauty in a modest woman, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li><li>
+
+Beautiful objects infinite, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li><li>
+
+Benefits conferred on the base, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li><li>
+
+Bird, a, in the hand, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</li><li>
+
+Birds, none in last year's nests, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</li><li>
+
+Biters, the, are bit, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</li><li>
+
+Book, good in every, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li><li>
+
+Books, no, no bacon, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li><li>
+
+Brevity pleasing, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li><li>
+
+Building on impossibilities, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li><li>
+
+By-and-by, the streets of, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</li><li>
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+
+Cats, by night all are gray, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</li><li>
+
+Church, the, the court, the sea, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li><li>
+
+Clergyman, a, what he should be to be beloved, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li><li>
+
+Companions, a man known by his, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li><li>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xv" id="Page_xv">xv</a></span>
+Comparisons offensive, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li><li>
+
+Course, the middle, the one of valor, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li><li>
+
+Customs not all invented at once, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Death, a remedy for everything but, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</li><li>
+
+Delay breeds danger, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li><li>
+
+Devil, the, assumes an angel form, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li><li>
+
+Diligence, the mother of success, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li><li>
+
+Disquietude designed for knights, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</li><li>
+
+Drinker, a good, covered by a bad cloak, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Enemy, an, the merits of his cause, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.</li><li>
+
+Epics, prose, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>.</li><li>
+
+Ermine, an, a modest woman compared to, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li><li>
+
+
+Fables, analysis of, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li><li>
+
+Fast bind, fast find, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</li><li>
+
+Fear, the effect of, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li><li>
+
+Fiction, better as it resembles truth, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li><li>
+
+Finger, a, between two eye-teeth, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</li><li>
+
+Flattery, the sway of, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.</li><li>
+
+Forewarned, forearmed, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li><li>
+
+Fortune, good, seldom comes single, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li><li>
+
+Fortune like a mill-wheel, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li><li>
+
+Friend, a, consolation, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li><li>
+
+Frying-pan, out of, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li><li>
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+
+God's mercy more glorious than His justice, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</li><li>
+
+Good in every book, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li><li>
+
+Gold, all that glitters is not, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</li><li>
+
+Governing pleasant, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>.</li><li>
+
+Gratitude, a compensation, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>; a duty, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li><li>
+
+Grievance, no, can keep the sufferer from kindness, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li><li>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xvi" id="Page_xvi">xvi</a></span>
+
+Handle, the right one of things, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li><li>
+
+Happiness as reckoned by sages, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</li><li>
+
+History, a sacred subject, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</li><li>
+
+History, faithful, will survive, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li><li>
+
+Holy days to be kept peacefully, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>.</li><li>
+
+Hope and love coincident, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li><li>
+
+Host, to reckon without the, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li><li>
+
+Hypocrite, a, less dangerous than the open transgressor, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Jest, a painful, no jest, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li><li>
+
+Jesting, a time for, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</li><li>
+
+Judge, a, should lean toward compassion, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+King, serving the, in war, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</li><li>
+
+Knights, all, not courteous, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Lance, the, never blunted the pen, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li><li>
+
+Learned men among mountains. <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</li><li>
+
+Leap, a, better than a prayer, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li><li>
+
+Liberality, the blessings of, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</li><li>
+
+Liberty, the blessings of, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.</li><li>
+
+Light, the, shines upon all, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</li><li>
+
+Lineages, two kinds of, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li><li>
+
+Liver, the good, the best preacher, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</li><li>
+
+Love, a leveller, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li><li>
+
+Love, the eyes of, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li><li>
+
+Love, unconstrained, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li><li>
+
+Love, uncompromising, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li><li>
+
+Love, conquered by flight, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li><li>
+
+Love, vanities of, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li><li>
+
+Love, wears spectacles, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li><li>
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Lovers, external actions of, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li><li>
+
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xvii" id="Page_xvii">xvii</a></span>
+
+Madness, the followers of, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</li><li>
+
+Maiden, a, her reserve her defence, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li><li>
+
+Many littles make a mickle, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</li><li>
+
+Man, a dishonored, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.</li><li>
+
+Manners, good, cheap, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</li><li>
+
+Master, a, judged by his servants, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li><li>
+
+Mayor, he whose father is a, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</li><li>
+
+Might overcomes, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li><li>
+
+Mischance, one, invites another, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li><li>
+
+Misfortunes never single, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li><li>
+
+Money willingly lent to officials, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</li><li>
+
+Music, the effect of, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Nail, a, in Fortune's wheel, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</li><li>
+
+Nature is like a potter, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li><li>
+
+Nobility, true, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Pains, those of others are easy to bear, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li><li>
+
+Patience, and shuffle the cards, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</li><li>
+
+Paymaster, a good, needs no security, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li><li>
+
+Peace, no, in scruples of conscience, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li><li>
+
+Philosophers in cottages, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</li><li>
+
+Purpose, the honest, favored, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li><li>
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+
+Railing is neighbor to forgiveness, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li><li>
+
+Remedy, a, for everything but death, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</li><li>
+
+Retreat sometimes wise, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li><li>
+
+Riches, two roads to, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</li><li>
+
+Riches, of little avail against trouble, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li><li>
+
+Rome, when in, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li><li>
+
+Rules for obtaining excellence, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Seeing is believing, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li><li>
+
+Severity is not disdain, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li><li>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xviii" id="Page_xviii">xviii</a></span>
+Sleep, a cure for trouble, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li><li>
+
+Soldier, a covetous, a monster, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li><li>
+
+Soldier, equal to a captain, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</li><li>
+
+Song, the relief of, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li><li>
+
+Sorrow, concealed, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li><li>
+
+Sorrow, a blessing, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Thing, a, begun is half finished, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</li><li>
+
+Thing, a, the right handle of, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li><li>
+
+To-day here, to-morrow gone, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</li><li>
+
+Tongues as weapons, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</li><li>
+
+Tricks of a town, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li><li>
+
+Truffles, to look for, in the sea, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li><li>
+
+Truth, the mother of history, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li><li>
+
+Truth may bend, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+Virtue more persecuted than beloved, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li><li>
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+
+Walls have ears, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</li><li>
+
+Wealth, its gratification is a right application, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</li><li>
+
+Wise, a word to the, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</li><li>
+
+Wit and humor, attributes of genius, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</li><li>
+
+Woman, varieties of, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li><li>
+
+Woman, the burden to which she is born, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</li><li>
+
+Woman, her advice, to be taken, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</li><li>
+
+&nbsp;</li><li>
+
+Yes or no of a woman, between the, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</li></ul>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xix" id="Page_xix">xix-xx</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="hr" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><img src=
+"images/illus-019aa.png" width="400" height="474" alt="DON QUIXOTE." title=
+"" /></div>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="hr" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxi" id="Page_xxi">xxi</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>CERVANTES.</h2>
+
+<h4>A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.</h4>
+
+
+<p>The most trivial act of the daily life of some men
+has a unique interest, independent of idle curiosity,
+which dissatisfies us with the meagre food of date,
+place, and pedigree. So in the "Cartas de Indias"
+was published, two years ago, in Spain, a facsimile
+letter from Cervantes when tax-gatherer to Philip II.,
+informing him of the efforts he had made to collect the
+taxes in certain Andalusian villages.</p>
+
+<p>It is difficult, from the slight social record that we
+have of Cervantes, to draw the line where imagination
+begins and facts end.</p>
+
+<p>Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, the contemporary of
+Shakspeare, Galileo, Camoens, Rubens, Tasso, and
+Lope de Vega, was born obscurely and in poverty, but
+with good antecedents. His grandfather, Juan de Cervantes,
+was the corregidor, or mayor, of Ossuna, and
+our poet was the youngest son of Rodrigo and Leonora
+de Corti&ntilde;os, of the Barajas family. On either side he
+belonged to illustrious houses. He speaks of his birthplace
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxii" id="Page_xxii">xxii</a></span>
+as the "famous Henares,"&mdash;"Alcala de Henares,"
+sometimes called Alcala de San Justo, from the saint
+San Justo having there suffered martyrdom under the
+traitor Daciamos. The town is beautifully situated on
+the borders of the Henares River, two thousand feet
+above the level of the sea.</p>
+
+<p>He was born on Sunday, October 9, 1547, and was
+baptized in the church of Santa Maria la Mayor, receiving
+his name on the f&ecirc;te day of his patron Saint
+Miguel, which some biographers have confounded with
+that of his birthday.</p>
+
+<p>We may be forgiven for a few words about Alcala de
+Henares, since, had it only produced so rare a man as
+was Cervantes, it would have had sufficient distinction;
+but it was a town of an eventful historical record.
+It was destroyed about the year 1000, and rebuilt and
+possessed by the Moors, was afterwards conquered by
+Bernardo, Archbishop of Toledo. Three hundred years
+later it was the favorite retreat of Ximenes, then Cardinal
+Archbishop of Toledo, who returned to it, after
+his splendid conquests, laden with gold and silver spoil
+taken from the mosques of Oran, and with a far richer
+treasure of precious Arabian manuscripts, intended for
+such a university as had long been his ambition to
+create, and the corner-stone of which he laid with his
+own hands in 1500. There was a very solemn ceremonial
+at the founding of this famous university, and a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxiii" id="Page_xxiii">xxiii</a></span>
+hiding away of coins and inscriptions under its massive
+walls, and a pious invocation to Heaven for a special
+blessing on the archbishop's design! At the end of
+eight years the extensive and splendid buildings were
+finished and the whole town improved. With the
+quickening of literary labor and the increase of opportunities
+of acquiring knowledge, the reputation of the
+university was of the highest.</p>
+
+<p>The cardinal's comprehensive mind included in its
+professorships all that he considered useful in the arts.
+Emulation was encouraged, and every effort was made
+to draw talent from obscurity. To this enlightened
+ecclesiastic is the world indebted for the undertaking
+of the Polyglot Bible, which, in connection with other
+learned works, led the university to be spoken of as
+one of the greatest educational establishments in the
+world. From far and near were people drawn to it.
+King Ferdinand paid homage to his subject's noble
+testimonial of labor, by visiting the cardinal at Alcala
+de Henares, and acknowledging that his own reign had
+received both benefit and glory from it. The people of
+Alcala punningly said, the church of Toledo had never
+had a bishop of greater <i>edification</i> than Ximenes; and
+Erasmus, in a letter to his friend Vergara, perpetrates
+a Greek pun on the classic name of Alcala, intimating
+the highest opinion of the state of science there. The
+reclining statue of Ximenes, beautifully carved in alabaster,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxiv" id="Page_xxiv">xxiv</a></span>
+now ornaments his sepulchre in the College of
+St. Ildefonso.</p>
+
+<p>Cervantes shared the honor of the birthplace with the
+Emperor Ferdinand; he of "blessed memory," who
+failed to obtain permission from the Pope for priests
+to marry, but who, in spite of turbulent times, maintained
+religious peace in Germany, and lived to see the
+closing of the Council of Trent, marking his reign as
+one of the most enlightened of the age.</p>
+
+<p>Alcala also claims Antonio de Solis, the well-known
+historian, whose "Conquest of Mexico" has been translated
+into many languages, as well as Teodora de Beza,
+a zealous Calvinistic reformer and famous divine, a
+sharer of Calvin's labors in Switzerland and author
+of the celebrated manuscripts known as Beza's manuscripts.</p>
+
+<p>Judging from the character of the town and the
+refining educational influence that so grand a university
+must have had over its inhabitants, we have a
+right to believe that Cervantes was early imbued with
+all that was noble and good, and it is difficult to understand
+why, with all the advantages which the College
+of St. Ildefonso opened to him, he should have been
+sent away from it to that of Salamanca. Even allowing
+that the supposition of early poverty was correct, it
+would have appeared an additional reason for his being
+educated in his native town, particularly as liberal foun<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxv" id="Page_xxv">xxv</a></span>dations
+were made for indigent students. The fact of
+his being sent to Salamanca would seem to disprove the
+supposition of pecuniary necessity. In its early days,
+the university of Salamanca was justly celebrated for
+its progress in astronomy and familiarity with Greek
+and Arabian writers; but, during the fifteenth and sixteenth
+centuries, it seems to have remained very stationary,
+little attention being paid to aught beside
+medicine and dogmatic theology.</p>
+
+<p>After being two years at Salamanca he changed to
+Madrid, where he is supposed to have made great
+progress, under the care of Juan Lopez de Hoyos, a
+professor of <i>belles lettres</i>, who spoke of Cervantes as
+"our dear and beloved pupil." Hoyos was himself
+a poet, and occasionally published collections to which
+Cervantes contributed his pastoral "Filena," which
+was much admired at the time. He also wrote several
+ballads; but ballads generally belong to their own age,
+and those that remain to us of his have lost much of
+their poignancy. Two poems, written on the death
+of Isabella of Valois, wife of Philip II., specially pleased
+Hoyos, who at the time gave full credit to his promising
+pupil. That eighth wonder of the world, the Escurial,
+was in progress during Cervantes' time in Madrid; built
+as expiatory by the king, the husband of the same
+unfortunate Isabella. He was that subtle tyrant of
+Spain, who had the grace to say, on the destruction<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxvi" id="Page_xxvi">xxvi</a></span>
+of the Invincible Armada, "I sent my fleet to combat
+with the English, not with the elements. God's will
+be done."</p>
+
+<p>While he was yet a boy, bull-fights were introduced
+into Spain:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza"><small>
+<span class="i_04">"Such the ungentle sport that oft invites</span>
+<span class="i0">The Spanish maid, and cheers the Spanish swain,</span>
+<span class="i0">Nurtured in blood betimes, his heart delights</span>
+<span class="i0">In vengeance, gloating on another's pain."</span></small>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The attention of the Cardinal Acquaviva was called
+to him through his composition of "Filena," and, in
+1568 or 1569, he joined the household of the cardinal
+and accompanied him to Rome. It is sad to think that
+only a few meagre items are all that remain to tell us
+of his daily life at this important period of his life.
+By some of his biographers he is mentioned as being
+under the protection of the cardinal; by one as seeking
+to better his penniless condition; by another as having
+the place of <i>valet de chambre</i>; and still again, we find
+him mentioned as a chamberlain in the household.
+Monsignor Guilio Acquaviva, in 1568, went as ambassador
+to Spain to offer the king the condolences of the
+Pontiff on the death of Don Carlos. The cardinal was
+a man of high position, young, yet of great accomplishments,
+and with cultivated literary tastes. What then
+could have been more natural than that he should have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxvii" id="Page_xxvii">xxvii</a></span>
+found companionship in Cervantes, and have desired to
+attach him to himself as a friend or as a confidential
+secretary, to be always near him. It is more than probable
+that his impressions of Southern France, which
+he immortalized in his early pastoral romance of "Galatea"
+were imbibed while making the journey to Rome
+with the cardinal, in whose service he must have remained
+three years, as in October 7, 1571, we find him
+joining the united Venetian, Papal, and Spanish expedition
+commanded by Don John of Austria, against
+the Turks and the African corsairs.</p>
+
+<p>In the naval engagement at Lepanto, Cervantes was
+badly wounded, and finally lost his left hand and part
+of the arm. For six months he was immured in the
+hospital at Messina. After his recovery, he joined the
+expedition to the Levant, commanded by Marco Antonio
+Colonna, Duke of Valiano. He joined at intervals
+various other expeditions, and not till after his prominence
+in the engagement at Tunis, did he, in 1575,
+start to return to Spain, the land of his heart, the theme
+of the poet, and the region supposed by the Moors to
+have dropped from heaven. Don John of Austria and
+Don Carlos of Arragon, Viceroy of Sicily, each bore
+the warmest testimony to the bravery and heroism of
+our poet, and each gave him strong letters of commendation
+to the king of Spain.</p>
+
+<p>In company with his own brother Roderigo, and other
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxviii" id="Page_xxviii">xxviii</a></span>
+wounded soldiers who were returning home, he started
+in the ship <i>El Sol</i>, which had the misfortune, September
+26, 1575, to be captured by an Algerine squadron.
+Then it happened that the letters from the two kings,
+so highly prized and upon which he had built so many
+hopes, proved a great misfortune to him. The pirates
+cast lots for the captives. Cervantes fell to the share
+of the captain, Dali Mami by name, who, in consequence
+of finding these two letters, imagined he must
+be some Don of great importance and worth a heavy
+ransom. He was watched and guarded with great
+strictness, loaded with heavy fetters, and subjected to
+cruelties of every kind, till his captor, not finding
+him of so much account as he had supposed, and
+no money being offered for his ransom, the captain
+finally sold him for five hundred escudos to the Dey
+Azan.</p>
+
+<p>Inasmuch as a change might lead to something better,
+Cervantes rejoiced. His gallant spirit, ever hopeful,
+looked for the open door in misfortune. But, alas!
+his increased sufferings with the Dey reached a climax
+almost beyond endurance. He made every struggle to
+escape; but even in the midst of all his own sufferings,
+he found ways of aiding his fellow-victims and inspiring
+them with the hopes denied to himself. Roderigo
+had escaped long before, and from that time was making
+constant exertion to raise the needful amount to redeem
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxix" id="Page_xxix">xxix</a></span>
+Miguel from the Dey, but not till September, 1580, did
+he succeed in effecting his release; some biographers
+making it a still later date.</p>
+
+<p>His father had long been dead, and his mother and
+sisters gathered what they could, but the combined
+family efforts were insufficient. There was a society
+of pious and generous monks, who made special exertions
+to assist in the liberation of Christian captives,
+and they finally made up the amount demanded by Azan
+for Cervantes' release.</p>
+
+<p>Worn down in spirit, broken in health, crushed at
+heart, who may venture to speak of the effect upon him
+when he once more found himself at home and in the
+embraces of his family? He himself says: "What
+transport in life can equal that which a man feels on
+the restoration of his liberty?" There is probably no
+more thrilling or exact an account of the Algerine
+slavery than he has given in "Don Quixote." Whether
+his love for a military life still pursued him, whether
+he desired an opportunity for revenge upon his persecutors,
+or whether it was fatality,&mdash;maimed and ruined
+as he was he once more entered the army. We cannot
+analyze his motive. He makes his bachelor Sampson
+say, "The historian must pen things not as they ought
+to have been but as they really were, without adding to
+or diminishing aught from the truth." The lives of
+literary men are not always devoid of stirring incidents.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxx" id="Page_xxx">xxx</a></span>
+M. Viardot says of him: "Cervantes was an illustrious
+man before he became an illustrious author; the doer
+of great deeds before he produced an immortal book."
+Don Lope de Figueras then commanded a regiment of
+tried and veteran soldiers in the army of the Duke of
+Alva, in Portugal. His brother Roderigo was serving
+in it when he joined it; and as Figueras had known
+Cervantes in former campaigns, it is most probable he
+was in his regiment. Later on, we find Cervantes accompanying
+the Marquis de Santa Cruz on an expedition
+to the Azores, serving long and bravely under him.
+The conquest of the Azores is described as a fiercely
+won but brilliant victory over all the islands; and Cervantes
+immortalized the genius and gallantry of the
+admiral in a sonnet.</p>
+
+<p>The spirit of adventure ran high among the Castilians,
+while the whole nation was at the same time in
+course of mental as well as moral development. We
+are obliged to acknowledge that Spain in many ways
+was far behind Italy, though hardly as some would have
+it, at the distance of half a century. We must remember
+that, in 1530, there were only two hundred printing-presses
+in the whole of Europe, and that when the first
+one was set up in London, the Westminster abbot exclaimed,
+"Brethren, this is a tremendous engine! We
+must control it, or it will conquer us." The first press
+in Spain was set up in Valencia, in 1474, and Clemencin
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxi" id="Page_xxxi">xxxi</a></span>
+says that more printing-presses in the infancy of
+the art were probably at work in Spain than there are
+at the present day.</p>
+
+<p>A change seemed to have crept gradually over the
+whole national character of Spain after the brilliant
+and prosperous reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, commencing
+with the severity of the Inquisition and continuing
+under the tyranny of Philip II., predisposing
+the army to savage deeds, till even the women and
+children were infected and the literature of the period
+slightly tinged.</p>
+
+<p>Cervantes is too often merged into Don Quixote as
+if he had no separate existence. He accomplished more
+for the improvement of Spanish literature with his well-timed
+satire than all the laws or sermons could effect.
+His remarkable mind seems to have escaped the influence
+of the times, unless we make an exception of his
+drama "Numancia," which, while it excites the imagination,
+fills us with horror at its details, and fails to touch
+our hearts, but is full of historical truths. Schlegel,
+however, reviews it with enthusiasm. He calls his
+"Life in Algiers" a comedy, but undoubtedly it is a
+true picture of his own captivity. We are touched and
+filled with gloom at its perusal, and only remember it
+as a tragedy. These two dramas were lost sight of till
+the end of the eighteenth century, and they are superior
+to later dramatic efforts. He was proud of his original
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxii" id="Page_xxxii">xxxii</a></span>
+conception of a tragedy composed of ideal and allegorical
+characters which he permitted to have part in the "Life
+in Algiers," as well as in "Numancia." Of the thirty
+plays spoken of as given to the stage but few now
+remain; but others may yet be found. The Spaniards
+say the faults of a great writer are not left in the ink-stand.
+Spain, in Cervantes' day, had passed the chivalric
+age, though many relics of it still remained in its
+legends, songs, and proverbs. Cervantes becomes his
+own critic in his "Supplement to a Journey to Parnassus,"
+and speaking of his dramas, says: "I should
+declare them worthy the favor they have received were
+they not my own." Unfortunately, his comedy of "La
+Confusa" is among the lost ones. He alludes to it as
+a good one among the best.</p>
+
+<p>We have known Cervantes as a student, a soldier, a
+captive, and an author, and now we have to imagine
+our maimed and bronzed soldier-poet, after his many
+fortunes of war, in the new character of a lover. In
+thought we trace his noble features, his intelligent look
+and expressive eye, combined with his dignified bearing
+and thoughtful manner, and in so tracing we find it
+congenial to imagine him as being well dressed and
+enveloped in the ample Spanish cloak thrown gracefully
+over his breast and left shoulder, concealing the poor
+mutilated arm, and at the same time making it all the
+more difficult to believe that the right one had ever
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxiii" id="Page_xxxiii">xxxiii</a></span>
+wielded a "Toledo blade" or sworn that very strongest
+vow of loyalty, "A fe de Rodrigo."<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">1</a></p>
+
+<p>We find him much interested in the quaint old-fashioned
+town of Esquivias, making many friends therein,
+and sometimes gossiping with the host of the <i>fonda</i>,
+so famed for the generous wines of Esquivias that it
+needed no "bush;" and while enjoying his cigarito and
+taking an occasional morsel from the dish of <i>quisado</i>
+before him, he is learning from the same gossiping host
+many items of interest about the very illustrious families
+of Esquivias,&mdash;for it was famed for its chivalrous
+prowess and its "claims of long descent." He had
+commenced his "Galatea," and in it he was painting
+living portraits, and with great delicacy he was, as the
+shepherd Elicio, portraying his passion for Catalina, the
+daughter of Fernando de Salazar &yacute; Voxmediano and
+Catalina de Palacios, both of illustrious families. Her
+father was dead, and she had been educated by her
+uncle, Francisco de Salazar, who left her a legacy in
+his will.</p>
+
+<p>The fair Catalina, like other Spanish se&ntilde;oritas, was
+under the espionage of a strict due&ntilde;a, and his opportunities
+of seeing her were very limited. Sometimes we
+fancy him awaiting the passing of the hour of the siesta
+and knocking at the grating of the heavy door of the
+house of the Salazars, and in reply to the porter's question
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxiv" id="Page_xxxiv">xxxiv</a></span>
+of <i>Quien es</i>? answering, in his melodious tones,
+<i>Gente de paz</i> (literally, "a friend"),&mdash;a precaution
+which still continues in Spain. Meanwhile, his romance
+of "Galatea" and of his own life are both growing.
+The occasion inspires him. He is still in Esquivias,
+wandering through the olive groves and by the river
+side, sometimes resting, and drinking in the fragrance
+from an orange-tree while his untold wealth of brain
+was seeking for its exit. Sometimes he had Catalina
+for a companion, the due&ntilde;a lingering slightly behind.
+Sometimes he saw her at the church like a fair saint,
+kneeling; but oftener he wandered alone with his now
+happy thoughts, scarce knowing that the night was
+closing about him, or scarce heeding the watchman who
+cried, "All hail, Mary, mother of Jesus! half past
+twelve o'clock and a cloudy morning!" and thus, to
+this day, are the Spaniards warned of the hour and
+the weather. His "Galatea" remains unfinished. He
+had not meant that all this song should be for the public
+ear. The end was for his love alone!</p>
+
+<p>On the 12th of December, 1584, he was married to
+Catalina. Not many years ago, the marriage contract
+was found in the public registry of Esquivias. It
+contains an inventory of the marriage-dowry promised
+by the bride's mother, of "lands, furniture, utensils,
+and live-stock." Then follows the details, "several
+vineyards, amounting to twelve acres, beds, chairs,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxv" id="Page_xxxv">xxxv</a></span>
+brooms, brushes, poultry, and sundry sacks of flour."
+It is spoken of as a very respectable dowry at a time
+when sacks of wheat were worth eight reals. Then follows,
+in the same document, his own settlement upon
+his wife, which is stated to be one hundred ducats. By
+the custom of the time that was one-tenth of his whole
+property, or to quote again, which "must have amounted
+to a thousand ducats, which at present would be equivalent
+to about four hundred and fifty pounds sterling."
+Gladly would we find some pleasant items of happy
+home life, though, for the next four years, he lived
+quietly at Esquivias, and cared for the vineyards like
+any landholder, till, perhaps, he tired and went on to
+Seville, where he took up some mercantile business,
+though never entirely giving up the pen; but from 1598
+till 1605, there are no real traces of him, when it would
+appear that he had removed to Valladolid.</p>
+
+<p>There is little doubt but that he suffered both in purse
+and feeling from want of appreciation; but the Spanish
+proverb says, "An author's work who looks to money
+is the coat of a tailor who works late on the vespers of
+Easter Sunday." He had too noble a mind to harbor
+so mean a sentiment as jealousy, and was far in advance
+of his age. His countrymen, with characteristic indolence,
+were ready to cry, <i>mana&ntilde;a, mana&ntilde;a</i> (to-morrow,
+to-morrow), and so it was left for later generations to
+honor his memory, for his power of invention and purity
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxvi" id="Page_xxxvi">xxxvi</a></span>
+of imagination can never be rivalled. While acting
+as clerk in Seville to Antonio de Guevara, the Commissary-General
+to the Indian and American dependencies,
+he must have been sadly disappointed, particularly as,
+during that time, he had been unjustly thrown into
+prison on the plea of not accounting for trust-money
+with satisfaction. Mr. Ticknor gives the following
+interesting account: "During his residence at Seville,
+Cervantes made an ineffectual application to the king
+for an appointment in America, setting forth by the
+exact documents a general account of his adventures,
+services, and sufferings while a soldier in the
+Levant, and of the miseries of his life while a slave in
+Algiers; but no other than a formal answer seems to
+have been returned to his application, and the whole
+affair leaves us to infer the severity of that distress
+which could induce him to seek relief in exile to a
+colony of which he has elsewhere spoken as the great
+resort for rogues." The appointment he desired was
+either corregidor (or mayor) of the city of Paz or the
+auditorship of New Grenada, the governorship of the
+province of Socunusco or that of the galleys of Carthagena.
+His removal to Valladolid seems to have been
+by command of the revenue authorities, where he still
+collected taxes for public and private persons. While
+collecting for the prior of the order of St. John, he was
+again ill-treated and thrown into prison.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxvii" id="Page_xxxvii">xxxvii</a></span>Not till he was fifty-eight years old did he give to
+the world his master-piece, and thus immortalizes La
+Mancha, in return for his inhospitable and cruel treatment.
+"Don Quixote" was licensed at Valladolid in
+1604, and printed at Madrid in 1605. Its success was
+so great that, during his lifetime, thirty thousand volumes
+were printed, which in that day was little short
+of marvellous. Four editions were published the first
+year, two at Madrid, one at Valencia, and one at Lisbon.
+Byron says: "Cervantes laugh'd Spain's chivalry
+away!" So popular was it, that a spurious second
+part, under the fictitious authorship of Avellanada was
+published. Cervantes was furious, and called him a
+blockhead; but Germond de Lavigue, the distinguished
+Spanish scholar, rashly asserts that but for this Avellanada,
+he would never have finished "Don Quixote."
+Even before it was printed, jealousy evidently existed
+in the hearts of rival writers, for in one of
+Lope's letters he refers to it, and spitefully hints that
+no poet could be found to write commendatory verses
+on it.</p>
+
+<p>He recognized the fact of universal selfishness when
+he makes Sancho Panza refuse to learn the Don's love-letter
+and say, "Write it, your worship, for it's sheer
+nonsense to trust anything to my memory."</p>
+
+<p>Spain is so full of rich material for romance that
+from it his mature mind seemed to inaugurate a new
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxviii" id="Page_xxxviii">xxxviii</a></span>
+age in Spanish literature. After the gloomy intolerance
+of Philip II., the advent of Philip III. added
+much to the literary freedom of Spain, which still belonged
+to the "Age of Chivalry," and to this day the
+true Spaniard nourishes the lofty and romantic qualities
+which, combined with a tone of sentiment and
+gravity and nobility of conversation, embellishes the
+legitimate grandee. Sismondi de Sismondi says the
+style of "Don Quixote" is inimitable. Montesquieu
+says: "It is written to prove all others useless." To
+some it is an allegory, to some a tragedy, to some a
+parable, and to others a satire. As a satirist we think
+him unrivalled, and this spirit found a choice opportunity
+for vent when the troops of Don Carlos I. marched
+upon Rome, taking Pope Clement VII. prisoner, while
+at the same time the king was having prayers said in
+the churches of Madrid for the deliverance of the Pope,
+on the plea that "he was obliged to make war against
+the <i>temporal</i> sovereign of Rome, but not upon the spiritual
+head of the Church!" No wonder the king, after
+proving himself so good a Catholic, should end his days
+in a monastery, or that he should mortify himself by
+lying in a coffin, wrapped in a shroud, while funeral
+services were performed over him. What, again, could
+have appealed more to his sense of the ridiculous than
+the contest between the priests and the authorities over
+the funeral obsequies of Philip II., so intolerant a tyrant
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxix" id="Page_xxxix">xxxix</a></span>
+that he caused every Spaniard to breathe more freely
+as he ceased so to do. He used his people as</p>
+
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza"><small>
+<span class="i_04">"Broken tools, that tyrants cast away</span>
+<span class="i0">By myriads, when they dare to pave their way</span>
+<span class="i0">With human hearts."</span></small>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>We can easily believe in the greater freedom during
+the reign of Philip III. "Viva el Rey."</p>
+
+<p>The Count de Lemos was his near friend and protector
+when he brought out the second part of "Don
+Quixote," and ridiculed his rival imitator. He was a
+pioneer of so elevated a character as to preclude the
+possibility of followers. Every one is familiar with it
+as a story, and the mishaps of the gentle, noble-minded,
+kind-hearted old Don, as well as the delusions, simplicity,
+and selfishness of the devoted squire, will never
+lose their power to amuse. It may be extravagant, but
+it is not a burlesque. The strong character painting,
+the ideas, situations, and language, clothed in such simplicity
+that at times it becomes almost solemn, give it a
+grandeur that no other book, considered as a romance,
+possesses. The old anecdote of the king observing a
+student walking by the river side and bursting into involuntary
+fits of laughter over a book, exclaiming, "The
+man is either mad or reading 'Don Quixote,'" is well
+preserved. One peculiar feature of the book is that, even
+now, for some places, it would be a useful guide, many
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xl" id="Page_xl">xl</a></span>
+of the habits and customs of Spain three hundred years
+ago being still the same. What a volume of wit and wisdom
+is contained in the proverbs and aphorisms. One
+might quote from it indefinitely had he not told us that
+"without discretion there is no wit." His own motive
+in writing it we find in the last paragraph of the book,
+namely, "My sole object has been to expose to the contempt
+they deserved the extravagant and silly tricks of
+chivalry, which this my true and genuine 'Don Quixote'
+has nearly accomplished, their worldly credit being
+now actually tottering, and will doubtless soon sink,
+never to rise again."</p>
+
+<p>Now, all languages have it. There are eight translations
+into English alone; but it is always impossible
+for the translator to render its true spirit or to give it
+full justice. With all its vivacity and drollery, its delicate
+satire and keen ridicule, it has a mournful tinge
+of melancholy running through, and here and there
+peeping out, only to have been gathered from such
+experience as his. He wrote with neither bitterness
+nor a diseased imagination, always realizing what is
+due to himself and with a full appreciation of and desire
+for fame. Many scenes of real suffering appear under
+a dramatic guise, and here and there creep out bits of
+personal history. His nature was chivalrous in the
+highest degree. His sorrows were greater than his
+joys. Born for the library, he prefers the camp, and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xli" id="Page_xli">xli</a></span>
+abandons literature to fight the Turks. Does he not make
+the Don say, "Let none presume to tell me the pen is
+preferable to the sword." Again he says: "Allowing
+that the end of war is peace, and that in this it exceeds
+the end of learning, let us weigh the bodily labors the
+scholar undergoes against those the warrior suffers, and
+then see which are the greatest." Then he enumerates:
+"First, poverty; and having said he endures
+poverty, methinks nothing more need be urged to express
+his misery, for he that is poor enjoys no happiness,
+but labors under this poverty in all its guises, at
+one time in hunger, at another in cold, another in
+nakedness, and sometimes in all of them together."
+Later on he makes him say: "It gives me some concern
+to think that powder and lead may suddenly cut
+short my career of glory."</p>
+
+<p>The world can only be grateful that "his career of
+glory" did not end in the military advancement he had
+the right to expect. Had he been a general, his Rozinante
+might still have been wandering without a name,
+and Sancho Panza have died a common laborer. Again
+he says: "Would to God I could find a place to serve
+as a private tomb for this wearisome burden of life
+which I bear so much against my inclination." Surviving
+almost unheard-of grievances only to emerge
+from them with greater power; depicting in his works
+true outlines of his own adventures, sometimes by a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xlii" id="Page_xlii">xlii</a></span>
+proverb, often by a romance, he never loses one jot of
+his pride, giving golden advice to Sancho when a governor,
+and finishing with the expression, "So may'st
+thou escape the <span class="smcap">PITY</span> of the world." In May, 1605, he
+was called upon as a witness in a case of a man who was
+mortally wounded and dragged at night into his apartment,
+which almost accidentally gives us his household,
+consisting of his wife; his natural daughter Isabel,
+twenty years of age, unmarried; his sister, a widow,
+above fifty years; her unmarried daughter, aged twenty-eight;
+his half-sister, a religieuse; and a maid-servant.
+His "Espa&ntilde;ola Inglesa" appeared in 1611. His moral
+tales, the pioneers in Spanish literature, are a combination
+without special plan of serious and comic, romance
+and anecdote, evidently giving, under the guise of fiction,
+poetically colored bits of his own experience in
+Italy and Africa. In his story of "La Gitanilla" (the
+gipsy girl) may be found the argument of Weber's
+opera of "Preciosa." "Parnassus" was written two
+years before his death, after which he wrote eight comedies
+and a sequel to his twelve moral tales. In his story
+of "Rinconete &yacute; Cortadilla" he evidently derives the
+names from <i>rincon</i> (a corner) and <i>cortar</i> (to cut). His
+last work was "Persiles and Sigismunda," the preface
+of which is a near presentiment of his closing labors.
+He says: "Farewell, gayety; farewell, humor; farewell,
+my pleasant friends. I must now die, and I desire
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xliii" id="Page_xliii">xliii</a></span>
+nothing more than to soon see you again happy in another
+world." His industry was wonderful. We can
+but have a grateful feeling towards the Count de Lemos
+for adding to his physical comfort for the last few years,
+and feel a regret that the Count, who had lingered in
+Naples, could not have arrived in time to see him once
+more when he so ardently desired it. In a dedication
+to the Count of his final romance, written only four
+days before his death, he very touchingly says: "I
+could have wished not to have been obliged to make
+so close a personal application of the old verses commencing
+'With the foot already in the stirrup,' for
+with very little alteration I may truly say that with my
+foot in the stirrup, feeling this moment the pains of
+dissolution, I address this letter to you. Yesterday I
+received extreme unction. To-day I have resumed my
+pen. Time is short, my pains increase, my hopes diminish,
+yet I do wish my life might be prolonged till
+I could see you again in Spain." His wish was not to
+be gratified; the Count, unaware of the near danger
+of his friend, only returned to find himself overwhelmed
+with grief at his loss.</p>
+
+<p>After sixty-nine years of varied fortunes and many
+struggles, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra breathed his
+last, unsoothed by the hands he had loved, for even this
+privilege seems to have been denied to him. At the
+near end of his life he had joined the kindly third order
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xliv" id="Page_xliv">xliv</a></span>
+of the Franciscan friars, and the brethren cared for him
+at the last. His remarkable clearness of intellect never
+failed him, and on April 23, 1616, the very day that
+Shakspeare died at Stratford, Cervantes died at Madrid.
+Unlike the great English contemporary, whose undisturbed
+bones have lain quietly under peril of his malediction,
+the bones of the great Spanish poet were irrevocably
+lost when the old Convent of the Trinity, in
+the Calle del Humilladero, was destroyed. Ungrateful
+Spain! the spot had never been marked with a common
+tombstone.</p>
+
+<p>The old house<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">2</a> in the Calle de Francos, where he
+died, was so dilapidated that, in 1835, it was destroyed.
+It was rebuilt, and a marble bust of Cervantes was
+placed over the entrance by the sculptor, Antonio Sola.</p>
+
+<p>The "Madrid Epoca," under the heading of "The
+Prison of Cervantes," calls attention to the alarming
+state of decay of the house in Argamasilla del Alba,
+in the cellar of which, as an extemporized dungeon,
+tradition asserts that Cervantes was imprisoned, and
+where he penned at least a portion of his work. It was
+in this cellar that, a few years since, the Madrid publishing
+house of Rivadeneyra erected a press and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xlv" id="Page_xlv">xlv</a></span>
+printed their edition <i>de luxe</i> of "Don Quijote." The
+house was, some years since, purchased by the late Infante
+Don Sebastian, with a view to a complete and
+careful restoration; but political changes and his death
+prevented a realization of his project. The "Epoca"
+now calls public attention to the state of decay of the
+house, with a view to an immediate restoration.</p>
+
+<p>In the Plaza de las Cortes, the city of Madrid has
+placed a beautiful bronze statue of Cervantes upon a
+square pedestal of granite. Upon the sides are bas-reliefs
+representing subjects taken from "Don Quijote
+de la Mancha."</p>
+
+<p>The present time honors his memory; and for all
+time he will live in the hearts of all true lovers of
+genius.</p>
+
+<div class="center2"><span class="smcap">Requiescat in Pace.</span></div>
+
+<p class="quotsig">EMMA THOMPSON.</p>
+<hr class="hr" />
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><img src=
+"images/illus-047aa.png" width="400" height="413" alt="SANCHO PANZA" title=
+"" /><br /><span class="caption">SANCHO PANZA.</span></div>
+<hr class="hr" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">1</a></span></p>
+<h3>WIT AND WISDOM</h3>
+
+<h5>OF</h5>
+
+<h2>DON QUIXOTE.</h2>
+<hr class="hr" />
+
+<p>Down in a village of La Mancha, the name of
+which I have no desire to recollect, there lived, not
+long ago, one of those gentlemen who usually keep
+a lance upon a rack, an old buckler, a lean horse,
+and a coursing grayhound. Soup, composed of somewhat
+more mutton than beef, the fragments served up
+cold on most nights, lentils on Fridays, collops and
+eggs on Saturdays, and a pigeon by way of addition
+on Sundays, consumed three-fourths of his income;
+the remainder of it supplied him with a cloak of fine
+cloth, velvet breeches, with slippers of the same for
+holidays, and a suit of the best homespun, in which
+he adorned himself on week-days. His family consisted
+of a housekeeper above forty, a niece not quite
+twenty, and a lad who served him both in the field and
+at home, who could saddle the horse or handle the
+pruning-hook. The age of our gentleman bordered
+upon fifty years: he was of a strong constitution,
+spare-bodied, of a meagre visage, a very early riser,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">2</a></span>
+and a lover of the chase. Some pretend to say that
+his surname was Quixada or Quesada, for on this
+point his historians differ; though, from very probable
+conjectures, we may conclude that his name was
+Quixana. This is, however, of little importance to
+our history; let it suffice that, in relating it, we do
+not swerve a jot from the truth.</p>
+
+<p>In fine, his judgment being completely obscured, he
+was seized with one of the strangest fancies that ever
+entered the head of any madman; this was, a belief
+that it behooved him, as well for the advancement of
+his glory as the service of his country, to become a
+knight-errant, and traverse the world, armed and
+mounted, in quest of adventures, and to practice all
+that had been performed by knights-errant of whom
+he had read; redressing every species of grievance,
+and exposing himself to dangers, which, being surmounted,
+might secure to him eternal glory and renown.
+The poor gentleman imagined himself at
+least crowned Emperor of Trebisond, by the valor
+of his arm; and thus wrapped in these agreeable delusions
+and borne away by the extraordinary pleasure
+he found in them, he hastened to put his designs into
+execution.</p>
+
+<p>The first thing he did was to scour up some rusty
+armor which had been his great-grandfather's, and
+had lain many years neglected in a corner. This
+he cleaned and adjusted as well as he could; but he
+found one grand defect,&mdash;the helmet was incomplete,
+having only the morion. This deficiency, however,
+he ingeniously supplied by making a kind of visor of
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">3</a></span>
+pasteboard, which, being fixed to the morion, gave the
+appearance of an entire helmet. It is true, indeed,
+that, in order to prove its strength, he drew his sword,
+and gave it two strokes, the first of which instantly
+demolished the labor of a week; but not altogether
+approving of the facility with which it was destroyed,
+and in order to secure himself against a similar misfortune,
+he made another visor, which, having fenced
+in the inside with small bars of iron, he felt assured of
+its strength, and, without making any more experiments,
+held it to be a most excellent helmet.</p>
+
+<p>In the next place he visited his steed; and although
+this animal had more blemishes than the horse of Gonela,
+which, "<i>tantum pellis et ossa fuit</i>," yet, in his
+eyes, neither the Bucephalus of Alexander nor the
+Cid's Babieca, could be compared with him. Four
+days was he deliberating upon what name he should
+give him; for, as he said to himself, it would be very
+improper that a horse so excellent, appertaining to a
+knight so famous, should be without an appropriate
+name; he therefore endeavored to find one that should
+express what he had been before he belonged to a
+knight-errant, and also what he now was: nothing
+could, indeed, be more reasonable than that, when the
+master changed his state, the horse should likewise
+change his name and assume one pompous and high-sounding,
+as became the new order he now professed.
+So, after having devised, altered, lengthened, curtailed,
+rejected, and again framed in his imagination a variety
+of names, he finally determined upon Rozinante, a
+name in his opinion lofty, sonorous, and full of meaning;
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">4</a></span>
+importing that he had only been a rozin&mdash;a
+drudge horse&mdash;before his present condition, and that
+now he was before all the rozins in the world.</p>
+
+<p>Having given his horse a name so much to his satisfaction,
+he resolved to fix upon one for himself. This
+consideration employed him eight more days, when at
+length he determined to call himself Don Quixote;
+whence some of the historians of this most true history
+have concluded that his name was certainly Quixada,
+and not Quesada, as others would have it. Then
+recollecting that the valorous Amadis, not content with
+the simple appellation of Amadis, added thereto the
+name of his kingdom and native country, in order to
+render it famous, styling himself Amadis de Gaul; so
+he, like a good knight, also added the name of his
+province, and called himself Don Quixote de la Mancha;
+whereby, in his opinion, he fully proclaimed his
+lineage and country, which, at the same time, he honored
+by taking its name.</p>
+
+<p>His armor being now furbished, his helmet made
+perfect, his horse and himself provided with names,
+he found nothing wanting but a lady to be in love
+with, as he said,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"A knight-errant without a mistress was a tree
+without either fruit or leaves, and a body without a
+soul!"</p>
+
+<p>One morning before day, being one of the most sultry
+in the month of July, he armed himself cap-a-pie,
+mounted Rozinante, placed the helmet on his head,
+braced on his target, took his lance, and, through the
+private gate of his back yard, issued forth into the open
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">5</a></span>
+plain, in a transport of joy to think he had met with
+no obstacles to the commencement of his honorable
+enterprise. But scarce had he found himself on the
+plain when he was assailed by a recollection so terrible
+as almost to make him abandon the undertaking; for
+it just then occurred to him that he was not yet dubbed
+a knight; therefore, in conformity to the laws of chivalry,
+he neither could nor ought to enter the lists against
+any of that order; and, if he had been actually dubbed
+he should, as a new knight, have worn white armor,
+without any device on his shield, until he had gained
+one by force of arms. These considerations made him
+irresolute whether to proceed, but frenzy prevailing
+over reason, he determined to get himself made a
+knight by the first one he should meet, like many
+others of whom he had read. As to white armor, he
+resolved, when he had an opportunity, to scour his
+own, so that it should be whiter than ermine. Having
+now composed his mind, he proceeded, taking whatever
+road his horse pleased; for therein, he believed, consisted
+the true spirit of adventure. Everything that
+our adventurer saw and conceived was, by his imagination,
+moulded to what he had read; so in his eyes the inn
+appeared to be a castle, with its four turrets, and pinnacles
+of shining silver, together with its drawbridge,
+deep moat, and all the appurtenances with which such
+castles are visually described. When he had advanced
+within a short distance of it, he checked Rozinante, expecting
+some dwarf would mount the battlements, to
+announce by sound of trumpet the arrival of a knight-errant
+at the castle; but, finding them tardy, and Rozinante
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">6</a></span>
+impatient for the stable, he approached the inn-door,
+and there saw the two girls, who to him appeared
+to be beautiful damsels or lovely dames enjoying themselves
+before the gate of their castle.</p>
+
+<p>It happened that, just at this time, a swineherd collecting
+his hogs (I make no apology, for so they are
+called) from an adjoining stubblefield, blew the horn
+which assembles them together, and instantly Don
+Quixote was satisfied, for he imagined it was a dwarf
+who had given the signal of his arrival. With extraordinary
+satisfaction, therefore, he went up to the inn;
+upon which the ladies, being startled at the sight of a
+man armed in that manner, with lance and buckler,
+were retreating into the house; but Don Quixote, perceiving
+their alarm, raised his pasteboard visor, thereby
+partly discovering his meagre, dusty visage, and with
+gentle demeanor and placid voice, thus addressed them:
+"Fly not, ladies, nor fear any discourtesy, for it would
+be wholly inconsistent with the order of knighthood,
+which I profess, to offer insult to any person, much less
+to virgins of that exalted rank which your appearance
+indicates." The girls stared at him, and were endeavoring
+to find out his face, which was almost concealed
+by the sorry visor; but hearing themselves called virgins,
+they could not forbear laughing, and to such a
+degree that Don Quixote was displeased, and said to
+them: "Modesty well becomes beauty, and excessive
+laughter proceeding from slight cause is folly."</p>
+
+<p>This language, so unintelligible to the ladies, added
+to the uncouth figure of our knight, increased their
+laughter; consequently he grew more indignant, and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">7</a></span>
+would have proceeded further but for the timely appearance
+of the innkeeper, a very corpulent and therefore
+a very pacific man, who, upon seeing so ludicrous
+an object, armed, and with accoutrements so ill-sorted
+as were the bridle, lance, buckler, and corselet, felt disposed
+to join the damsels in demonstrations of mirth;
+but, in truth, apprehending some danger from a form
+thus strongly fortified, he resolved to behave with civility,
+and therefore said, "If, Sir Knight, you are seeking
+for a lodging, you will here find, excepting a bed (for
+there are none in this inn), everything in abundance."
+Don Quixote, perceiving the humility of the governor
+of the fortress,&mdash;for such to him appeared the innkeeper,&mdash;answered,
+"For me, Signor Castellano, anything
+will suffice, since arms are my ornaments, warfare
+my repose." The host thought he called him Castellano
+because he took him for a sound Castilian, whereas
+he was an Andalusian of the coast of St. Lucar, as great
+a thief as Cacus and not less mischievous than a collegian
+or a page; and he replied, "If so, your worship's
+beds must be hard rocks, and your sleep continual
+watching; and that being the case, you may dismount
+with a certainty of finding here sufficient cause for
+keeping awake the whole year, much more a single
+night." So saying, he laid hold of Don Quixote's
+stirrup, who alighted with much difficulty and pain,
+for he had fasted the whole of the day. He then desired
+the host to take especial care of his steed, for it
+was the finest creature ever fed; the innkeeper examined
+him, but thought him not so good by half as his
+master had represented him. Having led the horse to
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">8</a></span>
+the stable he returned to receive the orders of his guest,
+whom the damsels, being now reconciled to him, were
+disarming; they had taken off the back and breast
+plates, but endeavored in vain to disengage the gorget,
+or take off the counterfeit beaver, which he had fastened
+with green ribbons in such a manner that they
+could not be untied, and he would upon no account
+allow them to be cut; therefore he remained all that
+night with his helmet on, the strangest and most ridiculous
+figure imaginable.</p>
+
+<p>While these light girls, whom he still conceived to
+be persons of quality and ladies of the castle, were
+disarming him, he said to them, with infinite grace:
+"Never before was knight so honored by ladies as Don
+Quixote, after his departure from his native village!
+damsels attended upon him; princesses took charge of
+his steed! O Rosinante,&mdash;for that, ladies, is the name
+of my horse, and Don Quixote de la Mancha my own;
+although it was not my intention to have discovered
+myself until deeds performed in your service should
+have proclaimed me; but impelled to make so just an
+application of that ancient romance of Lanzarote to my
+present situation, I have thus prematurely disclosed my
+name: yet the time shall come when your ladyships
+may command, and I obey; when the valor of my arm
+shall make manifest the desire I have to serve you."
+The girls, unaccustomed to such rhetorical flourishes,
+made no reply, but asked whether he would please to
+eat anything. "I shall willingly take some food,"
+answered Don Quixote, "for I apprehend it would be
+of much service to me." That day happened to be
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">9</a></span>
+Friday, and there was nothing in the house but some
+fish of that kind which in Castile is called Abadexo;
+in Andalusia, Bacallao; in some parts, Curadillo: and
+in others, Truchuela. They asked if his worship would
+like some truchuela, for they had no other fish to offer
+him. "If there be many troutlings," replied Don
+Quixote, "they will supply the place of one trout; for
+it is the same to me whether I receive eight single rials
+or one piece-of-eight. Moreover, these troutlings may
+be preferable, as veal is better than beef, and kid superior
+to goat. Be that as it may, let it come immediately,
+for the toil and weight of arms cannot be
+sustained by the body unless the interior be supplied
+with aliments." For the benefit of the cool air, they
+placed the table at the door of the inn, and the landlord
+produced some of his ill-soaked and worse-cooked
+bacallao, with bread as foul and black as the knight's
+armor. But it was a spectacle highly risible to see
+him eat; for his hands being engaged in holding his
+helmet on and raising the beaver, he could not feed
+himself, therefore one of the ladies performed that office
+for him; but to drink would have been utterly impossible
+had not the innkeeper bored a reed, and placing
+one end into his mouth at the other poured in the wine;
+and all this he patiently endured rather than cut the
+lacings of his helmet.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="hr" />
+
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the pleasant method don quixote took to be
+dubbed a knight.</span></div>
+
+<p>It troubled him to reflect that he was not yet a knight,
+feeling persuaded that he could not lawfully engage in
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">10</a></span>
+any adventure until he had been invested with the
+order of knighthood.</p>
+
+<p>Agitated by this idea, he abruptly finished his scanty
+supper, called the innkeeper, and, shutting himself up
+with him in the stable, he fell on his knees before him
+and said, "Never will I arise from this place, valorous
+knight, until your courtesy shall vouchsafe to grant a
+boon which it is my intention to request,&mdash;a boon that
+will redound to your glory and to the benefit of all
+mankind." The innkeeper, seeing his guest at his
+feet and hearing such language, stood confounded and
+stared at him without knowing what to do or say; he
+entreated him to rise, but in vain, until he had promised
+to grant the boon he requested. "I expected no
+less, signor, from your great magnificence," replied
+Don Quixote; "know, therefore, that the boon I have
+demanded, and which your liberality has conceded, is
+that on the morrow you will confer upon me the honor
+of knighthood. This night I will watch my arms in the
+chapel of your castle, in order that, in the morning,
+my earnest desire may be fulfilled and I may with propriety
+traverse the four quarters of the world in quest
+of adventures for the relief of the distressed, conformable
+to the duties of chivalry and of knights-errant,
+who, like myself, are devoted to such pursuits."</p>
+
+<p>The host, who, as we have said, was a shrewd fellow,
+and had already entertained some doubts respecting the
+wits of his guest, was now confirmed in his suspicions;
+and to make sport for the night, determined to follow
+his humor. He told him, therefore, that his desire was
+very reasonable, and that such pursuits were natural
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">11</a></span>
+and suitable to knights so illustrious as he appeared to
+be, and as his gallant demeanor fully testified; that
+he had himself in the days of his youth followed that
+honorable profession, and travelled over various parts
+of the world in search of adventures; failing not to visit
+the suburbs of Malaga, the isles of Riaran, the compass
+of Seville, the market-place of Segovia, the olive-field
+of Valencia, the rondilla of Grenada, the coast of St.
+Lucar, the fountain of Cordova, the taverns of Toledo,
+and divers other parts, where he had exercised the
+agility of his heels and the dexterity of his hands;
+committing sundry wrongs, soliciting widows, seducing
+damsels, cheating youths,&mdash;in short, making himself
+known to most of the tribunals in Spain; and that,
+finally, he had retired to this castle, where he lived upon
+his revenue and that of others, entertaining therein all
+knights-errant of every quality and degree solely for
+the great affection he bore them, and that they might
+share their fortune with him in return for his good
+will. He further told him that in his castle there was
+no chapel wherein he could watch his armor, for it had
+been pulled down in order to be rebuilt; but that, in
+cases of necessity, he knew it might be done wherever
+he pleased. Therefore, he might watch it that night
+in a court of the castle, and the following morning, if
+it pleased God, the requisite ceremonies should be performed,
+and he should be dubbed so effectually that
+the world would not be able to produce a more perfect
+knight. He then inquired if he had any money about
+him. Don Quixote told him he had none, having never
+read in their histories that knights-errant provided
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">12</a></span>
+themselves with money. The innkeeper assured him
+he was mistaken; for, admitting that it was not mentioned
+in their history, the authors deeming it unnecessary
+to specify things so obviously requisite as money
+and clean shirts, yet was it not therefore to be inferred
+that they had none; but, on the contrary, he might
+consider it as an established fact that all knights-errant,
+of whose histories so many volumes are filled,
+carried their purses well provided against accidents;
+that they were also supplied with shirts, and a small
+casket of ointments to heal the wounds they might
+receive, for in plains and deserts, where they fought
+and were wounded, no aid was near unless they had
+some sage enchanter for their friend, who could give them
+immediate assistance by conveying in cloud through
+the air some damsel or dwarf, with a phial of water
+possessed of such virtue that, upon tasting a single
+drop of it, they should instantly become as sound as
+if they had received no injury. But when the knights
+of former times were without such a friend, they always
+took care that their esquires should be provided with
+money and such necessary articles as lint and salves;
+and when they had no esquires&mdash;which very rarely
+happened&mdash;they carried these things themselves upon
+the crupper of their horse, in wallets so small as to be
+scarcely visible, that they might seem to be something
+of more importance; for, except in such cases, the
+custom of carrying wallets was not tolerated among
+knights-errant. He therefore advised, though, as his
+godson (which he was soon to be), he might command
+him, never henceforth to travel without money and the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">13</a></span>
+aforesaid provisions, and he would find them serviceable
+when he least expected it. Don Quixote promised
+to follow his advice with punctuality: and an order was
+now given for performing the watch of the armor in a
+large yard adjoining the inn. Don Quixote, having
+collected it together placed it on a cistern which was
+close to a well; then, bracing on his target and grasping
+his lance, with graceful demeanor he paced to and
+fro before the pile, beginning his parade as soon as it
+was dark.</p>
+
+<p>The innkeeper informed all who were in the inn of
+the frenzy of his guest, the watching of his armor, and
+of the intended knighting.</p>
+
+<p>The host repeated to him that there was no chapel in
+the castle, nor was it by any means necessary for what
+remained to be done; that the stroke of knighting consisted
+in blows on the neck and shoulders, according to
+the ceremonial of the order, which might be effectually
+performed in the middle of the field; that the duty of
+watching his armor he had now completely fulfilled,
+for he had watched more than four hours, though only
+two were required. All this Don Quixote believed,
+and said that he was there ready to obey him, requesting
+him, at the same time, to perform the deed as soon
+as possible; because, should he be assaulted again
+when he found himself knighted, he was resolved not
+to leave one person alive in the castle, excepting those
+whom, out of respect to him, and at his particular request,
+he might be induced to spare. The constable,
+thus warned and alarmed, immediately brought forth
+a book in which he kept his account of the straw and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">14</a></span>
+oats he furnished to the carriers, and attended by a boy,
+who carried an end of candle, and the two damsels
+before mentioned, went towards Don Quixote, whom
+he commanded to kneel down; he then began reading
+in his manual, as if it were some devout prayer,
+in the course of which he raised his hand and gave
+him a good blow on the neck, and, after that, a handsome
+stroke over the shoulders, with his own sword,
+still muttering between his teeth, as if in prayer.
+This being done, he commanded one of the ladies to
+gird on his sword, an office she performed with much
+alacrity, as well as discretion, no small portion of
+which was necessary to avoid bursting with laughter at
+every part of the ceremony; but indeed the prowess
+they had seen displayed by the new knight kept their
+mirth within bounds.</p>
+
+<p>At girding on the sword, the good lady said:
+"God grant you may be a fortunate knight and successful
+in battle."</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote inquired her name, that he might
+thenceforward know to whom he was indebted for the
+favor received, as it was his intention to bestow upon
+her some share of the honor he should acquire by the
+valor of his arm. She replied, with much humility,
+that her name was Tolosa, and that she was the daughter
+of a cobbler at Toledo, who lived at the stalls of
+Sanchobienaya; and that, wherever she was, she would
+serve and honor him as her lord. Don Quixote, in
+reply, requested her, for his sake, to do him the favor
+henceforth to add to her name the title of don, and
+call herself Donna Tolosa, which she promised to do.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">15</a></span>
+The other girl now buckled on his spur, and with her
+he held nearly the same conference as with the lady of
+the sword; having inquired her name, she told him it
+was Molinera, and that she was daughter to an honest
+miller of Antiquera: he then requested her likewise to
+assume the don, and style herself Donna Molinera,
+renewing his proffers of service and thanks.</p>
+
+<p>These never-till-then-seen ceremonies being thus
+speedily performed, Don Quixote was impatient to find
+himself on horseback, in quest of adventures. He
+therefore instantly saddled Rozinante, mounted him,
+and, embracing his host, made his acknowledgments
+for the favor he had conferred by knighting him, in
+terms so extraordinary, that it would be in vain to attempt
+to repeat them. The host, in order to get rid of
+him the sooner, replied, with no less flourish, but more
+brevity; and, without making any demand for his lodging,
+wished him a good journey.</p>
+
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The tongue slow and the eyes quick.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+
+<p>Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+
+<p>The brave man carves out his own fortune.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+
+<p>Very full of pain, yet soon as he was able to stir, he
+began to roll himself on the ground, and to repeat, in
+what they affirm was said by the wounded knight of
+the wood:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i_04">"Where art thou, mistress of my heart,</span>
+<span class="i2">Unconscious of thy lover's smart?</span>
+<span class="i0">Ah me! thou know'st not my distress,</span>
+<span class="i2">Or thou art false and pitiless."</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">16</a></span>
+"I know who I am," answered Don Quixote; "and
+I know, too, that I am not only capable of being those
+I have mentioned, but all the twelve peers of France,
+yea, and the nine worthies, since my exploits will far
+exceed all that they have jointly or separately
+achieved."</p>
+
+<hr class="hr" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">destruction of don quixote's library.</span></div>
+
+<p>Long and heavy was the sleep of Don Quixote:
+meanwhile the priest having asked the niece for the
+key of the chamber containing the books, those authors
+of the mischief, which she delivered with a very
+good will, they entered, attended by the housekeeper,
+and found above a hundred large volumes well bound,
+besides a great number of smaller size. No sooner
+did the housekeeper see them than she ran out of the
+room in great haste, and immediately returned with a
+pot of holy water and a bunch of hyssop, saying:
+"Signor Licentiate, take this and sprinkle the room,
+lest some enchanter of the many that these books
+abound with should enchant us, as a punishment for
+our intention to banish them out of the world."</p>
+
+<p>The priest smiled at the housekeeper's simplicity,
+and ordered the barber to reach him the books one by
+one, that they might see what they treated of, as they
+might perhaps find some that deserved not to be chastised
+by fire.</p>
+
+<p>"No," said the niece, "there is no reason why any
+of them should be spared, for they have all been mischief-makers:
+so let them all be thrown out of the window
+into the courtyard; and having made a pile of
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">17</a></span>
+them, set fire to it; or else make a bonfire of them in
+the back yard, where the smoke will offend nobody."</p>
+
+<p>The housekeeper said the same, so eagerly did they
+both thirst for the death of those innocents. But the
+priest would not consent to it without first reading the
+titles at least.</p>
+
+<p>The first that Master Nicholas put into his hands was
+"Amadis de Gaul," in four parts; and the priest
+said: "There seems to be some mystery in this, for I
+have heard say that this was the first book of chivalry
+printed in Spain, and that all the rest had their foundation
+and rise from it; I think, therefore, as head of
+so pernicious a sect, we ought to condemn him to the
+fire without mercy."</p>
+
+<p>"Not so," said the barber; "for I have heard also
+that it is the best of all the books of this kind: therefore,
+as being unequalled in its way, it ought to be spared."</p>
+
+<p>"You are right," said the priest, "and for that reason
+its life is granted for the present. Let us see that
+other next to him."</p>
+
+<p>"It is," said the barber, "the 'Adventures of Esplandian,'
+the legitimate son of 'Amadis de Gaul.'"</p>
+
+<p>"Verily," said the priest, "the goodness of the
+father shall avail the son nothing; take him, Mistress
+Housekeeper; open that casement, and throw him into
+the yard, and let him make a beginning to the pile for
+the intended bonfire."</p>
+
+<p>The housekeeper did so with much satisfaction, and
+good Esplandian was sent flying into the yard, there
+to wait with patience for the fire with which he was
+threatened.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">18</a></span>
+"Proceed," said the priest.</p>
+
+<p>"The next," said the barber, "is 'Amadis of
+Greece;' yea, and all these on this side, I believe, are
+of the lineage of Amadis."</p>
+
+<p>"Then into the yard with them all!" quoth the
+priest; "for rather than not burn Queen Pintiquiniestra,
+and the shepherd Darinel with his eclogues, and
+the devilish perplexities of the author, I would burn
+the father who begot me, were I to meet him in the
+shape of a knight-errant."</p>
+
+<p>"Of the same opinion am I," said the barber.</p>
+
+<p>"And I too," added the niece.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, then," said the housekeeper, "away with
+them all into the yard." They handed them to her;
+and, as they were numerous, to save herself the trouble
+of the stairs, she threw them all out of the window.</p>
+
+<p>"What tun of an author is that?" said the priest.</p>
+
+<p>"This," answered the barber, "is 'Don Olivante de
+Laura.'"</p>
+
+<p>"The author of that book," said the priest, "was
+the same who composed the 'Garden of Flowers;' and
+in good truth I know not which of the two books
+is the truest, or rather, the least lying: I can only
+say that this goes to the yard for its arrogance and
+absurdity."</p>
+
+<p>"This that follows is 'Florismarte of Hyrcania,'"
+said the barber.</p>
+
+<p>"What! is Signor Florismarte there?" replied the
+priest; "now, by my faith, he shall soon make his appearance
+in the yard, notwithstanding his strange
+birth and chimerical adventures; for the harshness
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">19</a></span>
+and dryness of his style will admit of no excuse. To
+the yard with him, and this other, Mistress Housekeeper.</p>
+
+<p>"With all my heart, dear sir," answered she, and
+with much joy executed what she was commanded.</p>
+
+<p>"Here is the 'Knight Platir,'" said the barber.</p>
+
+<p>"That," said the priest, "is an ancient book, and I
+find nothing in him deserving pardon: without more
+words, let him be sent after the rest;" which was
+accordingly done. They opened another book, and
+found it entitled the "Knight of the Cross." "So
+religious a title," quoth the priest, "might, one would
+think, atone for the ignorance of the author; but it is a
+common saying 'the devil lurks behind the cross:' so
+to the fire with him."</p>
+
+<p>The barber, taking down another book, said, "This
+is 'The Mirror of Chivalry.'"</p>
+
+<p>"Oh! I know his worship very well," quoth the
+priest. "I am only for condemning this to perpetual
+banishment because it contains some things of the
+famous Mateo Boyardo.</p>
+
+<p>"If I find him here uttering any other language than
+his own, I will show no respect; but if he speaks in his
+own tongue, I will put him upon my head."</p>
+
+<p>"I have him in Italian," said the barber, "but I do
+not understand him."</p>
+
+<p>"Neither is it any great matter, whether you understand
+him or not," answered the priest; "and we would
+willingly have excused the good captain from bringing
+him into Spain and making him a Castilian; for he has
+deprived him of a great deal of his native value; which,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">20</a></span>
+indeed, is the misfortune of all those who undertake
+the translation of poetry into other languages; for, with
+all their care and skill, they can never bring them on a
+level with the original production. This book, neighbor,
+is estimable upon two accounts; the one, that it is
+very good of itself; and the other, because there is a tradition
+that it was written by an ingenious king of Portugal.
+All the adventures of the castle of Miraguarda
+are excellent, and contrived with much art; the dialogue
+courtly and clear; and all the characters preserved
+with great judgment and propriety. Therefore, Master
+Nicholas, saving your better judgment, let this and 'Amadis
+de Gaul' be exempted from the fire, and let all the
+rest perish without any further inquiry."</p>
+
+<p>"Not so, friend," replied the barber; "for this which
+I have here is the renowned 'Don Bellianis.'"</p>
+
+<p>The priest replied: "This, and the second, third, and
+fourth parts, want a little rhubarb to purge away their
+excess of bile; besides, we must remove all that relates
+to the castle of Fame, and other absurdities of greater
+consequence; for which let sentence of transportation
+be passed upon them, and, according as they show signs
+of amendment, they shall be treated with mercy or justice.
+In the mean time, neighbor, give them room in
+your house; but let them not be read."</p>
+
+<p>"With all my heart," quoth the barber; and without
+tiring himself any farther in turning over books of chivalry,
+bid the housekeeper take all the great ones and
+throw them into the yard. This was not spoken to the
+stupid or deaf, but to one who had a greater mind to be
+burning them than weaving the finest and largest web;
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">21</a></span>
+and therefore, laying hold of seven or eight at once, she
+tossed them out at the window.</p>
+
+<p>But, in taking so many together, one fell at the barber's
+feet, who had a mind to see what it was, and found
+it to be the history of the renowned knight Tirante the
+White. "Heaven save me!" quoth the priest, with a
+loud voice, "is Tirante the White there? Give him to
+me, neighbor; for in him I shall have a treasure of delight,
+and a mine of entertainment. Here we have Don
+Kyrie-Eleison of Montalvan, a valorous knight, and his
+brother Thomas of Montalvan, with the knight Fonseca,
+and the combat which the valiant Tirante fought
+with the bull-dog, and the witticisms of the damsel
+Plazerdemivida; also the amours and artifices of the
+widow Reposada; and madam the Empress in love with
+her squire Hypolito. Verily, neighbor, in its way it is
+the best book in the world: here the knights eat and
+sleep, and die in their beds, and make their wills before
+their deaths; with several things which are not to be
+found in any other books of this kind. Notwithstanding
+this I tell you, the author deserved, for writing so
+many foolish things seriously, to be sent to the galleys
+for the whole of his life: carry it home, and read it, and
+you will find all I say of him to be true."</p>
+
+<p>"I will do so," answered the barber: "but what
+shall we do with these small volumes that remain?"</p>
+
+<p>"Those," said the priest, "are, probably, not books of
+chivalry, but of poetry." Then opening one he found
+it was the 'Diana' of George de Montemayor, and, concluding
+that all the others were of the same kind, he
+said, "These do not deserve to be burnt like the rest;
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">22</a></span>
+for they cannot do the mischief that those of chivalry
+have done; they are works of genius and fancy, and do
+injury to none."</p>
+
+<p>"O sir," said the niece, "pray order them to be
+burnt with the rest; for should my uncle be cured of
+this distemper of chivalry, he may possibly, by reading
+such books, take it into his head to turn shepherd, and
+wander through the woods and fields, singing and playing
+on a pipe; and what would be still worse, turn poet,
+which, they say, is an incurable and contagious disease."</p>
+
+<p>"The damsel says true," quoth the priest, "and it
+will not be amiss to remove this stumbling-block out of
+our friend's way. And, since we begin with the 'Diana'
+of Montemayor, my opinion is that it should not be
+burnt, but that all that part should be expunged which
+treats of the sage Felicia, and of the enchanted fountain,
+and also most of the longer poems; leaving him,
+in God's name, the prose and also the honor of being
+the first in that kind of writing."</p>
+
+<p>"The next that appears," said the barber, "is the
+Diana, called the second, by Salmantino; and another,
+of the same name, whose author is Gil Polo."</p>
+
+<p>"The Salmantinian," answered the priest, "may accompany
+and increase the number of the condemned&mdash;to
+the yard with him: but let that of Gil Polo be preserved,
+as if it were written by Apollo himself. Proceed,
+friend, and let us despatch; for it grows late."</p>
+
+<p>"This," said the barber, opening another, "is the
+'Ten Books of the Fortune of Love,' composed by Antonio
+de lo Frasso, a Sardinian poet."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">23</a></span>
+"By the holy orders I have received!" said the
+priest, "since Apollo was Apollo, the muses muses, and
+the poets poets, so humorous and so whimsical a book
+as this was never written; it is the best, and most extraordinary
+of the kind that ever appeared in the world;
+and he who has not read it may be assured that he has
+never read anything of taste: give it me here, neighbor,
+for I am better pleased at finding it than if I had been
+presented with a cassock of Florence satin." He laid
+it aside, with great satisfaction, and the barber proceeded,
+saying:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"These which follow are the 'Shepherd of Iberia,' the
+'Nymphs of Enares,' and the 'Cure of Jealousy.'"</p>
+
+<p>"Then you have only to deliver them up to the secular
+arm of the housekeeper," said the priest, "and ask
+me not why, for in that case we should never have
+done."</p>
+
+<p>"The next is the 'Shepherd of Filida.'"</p>
+
+<p>"He is no shepherd," said the priest, "but an ingenious
+courtier; let him be preserved, and laid up as a
+precious jewel."</p>
+
+<p>"This bulky volume here," said the barber, "is entitled
+the 'Treasure of Divers Poems.'"</p>
+
+<p>"Had they been fewer," replied the priest, "they
+would have been more esteemed: it is necessary that
+this book should be weeded and cleared of some low
+things interspersed amongst its sublimities: let it be
+preserved, both because the author is my friend, and
+out of respect to other more heroic and exalted productions
+of his pen."</p>
+
+<p>"This," pursued the barber, "is 'El Cancionero' of
+Lopez Maldonado."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">24</a></span>
+"The author of that book," replied the priest, "is
+also a great friend of mine: his verses, when sung by
+himself, excite much admiration; indeed such is the
+sweetness of his voice in singing them, that they are
+perfectly enchanting. He is a little too prolix in his
+eclogues; but there can never be too much of what is
+really good: let it be preserved with the select. But
+what book is that next to it?"</p>
+
+<p>"The 'Galatea' of Miguel de Cervantes," said the
+barber.</p>
+
+<p>"That Cervantes has been an intimate friend of
+mine these many years, and I know that he is more
+versed in misfortunes than in poetry. There is a good
+vein of invention in his book, which proposes something,
+though nothing is concluded. We must wait for
+the second part, which he has promised: perhaps, on
+his amendment, he may obtain that entire pardon
+which is now denied him; in the mean time, neighbor,
+keep him a recluse in your chamber."</p>
+
+<p>"With all my heart," answered the barber. "Now,
+here come three together: the 'Araucana' of Don
+Alonzo de Ercilla, the 'Austriada' of Juan Rufo, a
+magistrate of Cordova, and the 'Monserrato' of Christoval
+de Virves, a poet of Valencia."</p>
+
+<p>"These three books," said the priest, "are the best
+that are written in heroic verse in the Castilian tongue,
+and may stand in competition with the most renowned
+works of Italy. Let them be preserved as the best productions
+of the Spanish Muse."</p>
+
+<p>The priest grew tired of looking over so many books,
+and therefore, without examination, proposed that all
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">25</a></span>
+the rest should be burnt; but the barber, having already
+opened one called the "Tears of Angelica," "I should
+have shed tears myself," said the priest, on hearing the
+name, "had I ordered that book to be burnt; for its
+author was one of the most celebrated poets, not only
+of Spain, but of the whole world: his translations from
+Ovid are admirable."</p>
+
+<p>The same night the housekeeper set fire to and burnt
+all the books that were in the yard and in the house.
+Some must have perished that deserved to be treasured
+up in perpetual archives, but their destiny or the indolence
+of the scrutineer forbade it; and in them was
+fulfilled the saying, that&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 2em;">"The just sometimes suffer for the unjust."</span></p>
+
+<p>In the mean time Don Quixote tampered with a
+laborer, a neighbor of his, and an honest man (if such
+an epithet can be given to one that is poor), but shallow
+brained; in short, he said so much, used so many
+arguments, and made so many promises, that the poor
+fellow resolved to sally out with him and serve him in
+the capacity of a squire. Among other things, Don
+Quixote told him that he ought to be very glad to
+accompany him, for such an adventure might some
+time or the other occur, that by one stroke an island
+might be won, where he might leave him governor.
+With this and other promises, Sancho Panza (for that
+was the laborer's name) left his wife and children and
+engaged himself as squire to his neighbor.</p>
+
+<p>Sancho Panza proceeded upon his ass, like a patriarch,
+with his wallet and leathern bottle, and with a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">26</a></span>
+vehement desire to find himself governor of the island,
+which his master had promised him. Don Quixote
+happened to take the same route as on his first expedition,
+over the plain of Montiel, which he passed with
+less inconvenience than before, for it was early in the
+morning, and the rays of the sun, darting on them horizontally,
+did not annoy them. Sancho Panza now said
+to his master: "I beseech your worship, good sir
+knight-errant, not to forget your promise concerning
+that same island; for I shall know how to govern it,
+be it ever so large."</p>
+
+<p>To which Don Quixote answered: "Thou must
+know, friend Sancho Panza, that it was a custom
+much in use among the knights-errant of old to make
+their squires governors of the islands or kingdoms they
+conquered, and I am determined that so laudable a
+custom, shall not be lost through my neglect; on the
+contrary, I resolve to outdo them in it: for they sometimes,
+and perhaps most times, waited till their squires
+were grown old; and when they were worn out in their
+service, and had endured many bad days and worse
+nights, they conferred on them some title, such as
+count, or at least marquis, of some valley or province
+of more or less account; but if you live, and I live,
+before six days have passed I may probably win such
+a kingdom as may have others depending on it, just fit
+for thee to be crowned king of one of them. And do
+not think this any extraordinary matter, for things fall
+out to knights by such unforeseen and unexpected ways,
+that I may easily give thee more than I promise."</p>
+
+<p>"So then," answered Sancho Panza, "if I were a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">27</a></span>
+king by some of those miracles your worship mentions,
+Joan Gutierrez, my duck, would come to be a queen,
+and my children infantas!"</p>
+
+<p>"Who doubts it?" answered Don Quixote.</p>
+
+<p>"I doubt it," replied Sancho Panza, "for I am verily
+persuaded that, if God were to rain down kingdoms
+upon the earth, none of them would sit well upon the
+head of Mary Gutierrez; for you must know, sir, she
+is not worth two farthings for a queen. The title of
+countess would sit better upon her, with the help of
+Heaven and good friends."</p>
+
+<p>"Recommend her to God, Sancho," answered Don
+Quixote, "and he will do what is best for her, but do
+thou have a care not to debase thy mind so low as to
+content thyself with being less than a viceroy."</p>
+
+<p>"Heaven grant us good success, and that we may
+speedily get this island which costs me so dear. No
+matter then how soon I die."</p>
+
+<p>"I have already told thee, Sancho, to give thyself
+no concern upon that account; for, if an island cannot be
+had, there is the kingdom of Denmark or that of Sobradisa,
+which will fit thee like a ring to the finger. Besides,
+as they are upon <i>terra firma</i>, thou shouldst prefer them.
+But let us leave this to its own time, and see if thou
+hast anything for us to eat in thy wallet. We will then
+go in quest of some castle, where we may lodge this
+night and make the balsam that I told thee of, for I
+declare that my ear pains me exceedingly."</p>
+
+<p>"I have here an onion and a piece of cheese, and I
+know not how many crusts of bread," said Sancho,
+"but they are not eatables fit for so valiant a knight
+as your worship."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">28</a></span>
+"How little dost thou understand of this matter!"
+answered Don Quixote. "I tell thee, Sancho, that it
+is honorable in knights-errant not to eat once in a
+month; and, if they do taste food, it must be what
+first offers: and this thou wouldst have known hadst
+thou read as many histories as I have done; for, though
+I have perused many, I never yet found in them any
+account of knights-errant taking food, unless it were
+by chance and at certain sumptuous banquets prepared
+expressly for them. The rest of their days they lived,
+as it were, upon smelling. And though it is to be presumed
+they could not subsist without eating and satisfying
+all other wants,&mdash;as, in fact, they were men,&mdash;yet,
+since they passed most part of their lives in wandering
+through forests and deserts, and without a cook,
+their usual diet must have consisted of rustic viands,
+such as those which thou hast now offered me. Therefore,
+friend Sancho, let not that trouble thee which
+gives me pleasure, nor endeavor to make a new world,
+or to throw knight-errantry off its hinges."</p>
+
+<p>"Pardon me, sir," said Sancho; "for, as I can neither
+read nor write, as I told you before, I am entirely unacquainted
+with the rules of the knightly profession;
+but henceforward I will furnish my wallet with all sorts
+of dried fruits for your worship, who are a knight; and
+for myself, who am none, I will supply it with poultry
+and other things of more substance."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There cannot be too much of a good thing.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>What is lost to-day may be won to-morrow.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">29</a></span>
+A saint may sometimes suffer for a sinner.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Many go out for wool and return shorn.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Matters of war are most subject to continual change.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Every man that is aggrieved is allowed to defend
+himself by all laws human and divine.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Truth is the mother of history, the rival of time, the
+depository of great actions, witness of the past, example
+and adviser of the present, and oracle of future
+ages.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Love, like knight-errantry, puts all things on a
+level.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He that humbleth himself God will exalt.<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">3</a></p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>After Don Quixote had satisfied his hunger, he took
+up a handful of acorns, and, looking on them attentively,
+gave utterance to expressions like these:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Happy times and happy ages were those which the
+ancients termed the Golden Age! Not because gold,
+so prized in this our Iron age, was to be obtained, in
+that fortunate period, without toil; but because they
+who then lived were ignorant of those two words, Mine
+and Thine. In that blessed age all things were in common;
+to provide their ordinary sustenance no other
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">30</a></span>
+labor was necessary than to raise their hands and take
+it from the sturdy oaks, which stood liberally inviting
+them to taste their sweet and relishing fruit. The
+limpid fountains and running streams offered them,
+in magnificent abundance, their delicious and transparent
+waters. In the clefts of rocks, and in hollow trees,
+the industrious and provident bees formed their commonwealths,
+offering to every hand, without interest, the
+fertile produce of their most delicious toil. The stately
+cork-trees, impelled by their own courtesy alone, divested
+themselves of their light and expanded bark, with which
+men began to cover their houses, supported by rough
+poles, only as a defence against the inclemency of the
+heavens. All then was peace, all amity, all concord.
+The heavy colter of the crooked plough had not yet
+dared to force open and search into the tender bowels
+of our first mother, who, unconstrained, offered from
+every part of her fertile and spacious bosom whatever
+might feed, sustain, and delight those, her children,
+by whom she was then possessed."</p>
+
+<hr class="hr" />
+
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">antonio.</span></div>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Yes, lovely nymph, thou art my prize;</span>
+<span class="i1">I boast the conquest of thy heart,</span>
+<span class="i0">Though nor the tongue, nor speaking eyes,</span>
+<span class="i1">Have yet revealed the latent smart.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Thy wit and sense assure my fate,</span>
+<span class="i1">In them my love's success I see;</span>
+<span class="i0">Nor can he be unfortunate</span>
+<span class="i1">Who dares avow his flame for thee.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">31</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Yet sometimes hast thou frowned, alas!</span>
+<span class="i1">And given my hopes a cruel shock;</span>
+<span class="i0">Then did thy soul seem formed of brass,</span>
+<span class="i1">Thy snowy bosom of the rock.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But in the midst of thy disdain,</span>
+<span class="i1">Thy sharp reproaches, cold delays,</span>
+<span class="i0">Hope from behind to ease my pain,</span>
+<span class="i1">The border of her robe displays.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Ah, lovely maid! in equal scale</span>
+<span class="i1">Weigh well thy shepherd's truth and love,</span>
+<span class="i0">Which ne'er but with his breath can fail,</span>
+<span class="i1">Which neither frowns nor smiles can move.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">If love, as shepherds wont to say,</span>
+<span class="i1">Be gentleness and courtesy,</span>
+<span class="i0">So courteous is Olalia,</span>
+<span class="i1">My passion will rewarded be.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And if obsequious duty paid,</span>
+<span class="i1">The grateful heart can never move,</span>
+<span class="i0">Mine sure, my fair, may well persuade</span>
+<span class="i1">A due return and claim thy love.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">For, to seem pleasing in thy sight,</span>
+<span class="i1">I dress myself with studious care,</span>
+<span class="i0">And, in my best apparel dight,</span>
+<span class="i1">My Sunday clothes on Monday wear.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And shepherds say I'm not to blame,</span>
+<span class="i1">For cleanly dress and spruce attire</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">32</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Preserve alive love's wanton flame</span>
+<span class="i1">And gently fan the dying fire.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">To please my fair, in mazy ring</span>
+<span class="i1">I join the dance, and sportive play;</span>
+<span class="i0">And oft beneath thy window sing,</span>
+<span class="i1">When first the cock proclaims the day.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">With rapture on each charm I dwell,</span>
+<span class="i1">And daily spread thy beauty's fame;</span>
+<span class="i0">And still my tongue thy praise shall tell,</span>
+<span class="i1">Though envy swell, or malice blame.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Teresa of the Berrocal,</span>
+<span class="i1">When once I praised you, said in spite,</span>
+<span class="i0">Your mistress you an angel call,</span>
+<span class="i1">But a mere ape is your delight.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Thanks to the bugle's artful glare,</span>
+<span class="i1">And all the graces counterfeit;</span>
+<span class="i0">Thanks to the false and curl&eacute;d hair,</span>
+<span class="i1">Which wary Love himself might cheat.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I swore 'twas false, and said she lied;</span>
+<span class="i1">At that her anger fiercely rose;</span>
+<span class="i0">I boxed the clown that took her side,</span>
+<span class="i1">And how I boxed my fairest knows.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I court thee not, Olalia,</span>
+<span class="i1">To gratify a loose desire;</span>
+<span class="i0">My love is chaste, without alloy</span>
+<span class="i1">Of wanton wish or lustful fire.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">33</a></span>
+<span class="i0">The church hath silken cords, that tie</span>
+<span class="i1">Consenting hearts in mutual bands:</span>
+<span class="i0">If thou, my fair, its yoke will try,</span>
+<span class="i1">Thy swain its ready captive stands.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">If not, by all the saints I swear</span>
+<span class="i1">On these bleak mountains still to dwell,</span>
+<span class="i0">Nor ever quit my toilsome care,</span>
+<span class="i1">But for the cloister and the cell.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>I think I see her now, with that goodly presence,
+looking as if she had the sun on one side of her and the
+moon on the other; and above all, she was a notable
+housewife, and a friend to the poor; for which I believe
+her soul is at this very moment in heaven.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A clergyman must be over and above good, who makes all his
+parishioners speak well of him.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Parents ought not to settle their children against their
+will.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Though she does not fly or shun the company and
+conversation of the shepherds, but treats them in a
+courteous and friendly manner, yet, when any one of
+them ventures to discover his intention, though it be as
+just and holy as that of marriage, she casts him from
+her as out of a stone-bow. And by this sort of behavior
+she does more mischief in this country than if she
+carried the plague about with her; for her affability and
+beauty win the hearts of those who converse with her,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">34</a></span>
+and incline them to serve and love her; but her disdain
+and frank dealing drive them to despair; and so they
+know not what to say to her, and can only exclaim
+against her, calling her cruel and ungrateful, with such
+other titles as plainly denote her character; and, were
+you to abide here, sir, awhile, you would hear these
+mountains and valleys resound with the complaints of
+those rejected wretches that yet follow her. There is
+a place not far hence, where about two dozen of tall
+beeches grow, and not one of them is without the name
+of Marcela written and engraved on its smooth bark;
+over some of them is carved a crown, as if the lover
+would more clearly observe that Marcela deserves and
+wears the crown of all human beauty.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Revels, banquets, and repose, were invented for
+effeminate courtiers; but toil, disquietude, and arms
+alone were designed for those whom the world calls
+knights-errant.</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">For never sure was any knight</span>
+<span class="i1">So served by damsel, or by dame,</span>
+<span class="i0">As Lancelot, that man of might,</span>
+<span class="i1">When he at first from Britain came.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The soldier who executes his captain's command is no less
+valuable than the captain who gave the order.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"I am of the same opinion," replied the traveller;
+"but one thing, among many others which appear to
+me to be censurable in knights-errant, is that, when
+they are prepared to engage in some great and perilous
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">35</a></span>
+adventure to the manifest hazard of their lives, at the
+moment of attack they never think of commending
+themselves to God, as every Christian is bound to do at
+such a crisis, but rather commend themselves to their
+mistresses, and that with as much fervor and devotion
+as if they were really their God; a thing which to me
+savors of paganism."</p>
+
+<p>"Signor," answered Don Quixote, "this can by no
+means be otherwise; and the knight-errant who should
+act in any other manner would digress much from his
+duty; for it is a received maxim and custom in chivalry,
+that the knight-errant, who, on the point of engaging
+in some great feat of arms, has his lady before him,
+must turn his eyes fondly and amorously towards her,
+as if imploring her favor and protection in the hazardous
+enterprise that awaits him; and, even if nobody
+hear him, he must pronounce some words between his
+teeth, by which he commends himself to her with his
+whole heart; and of this we have innumerable examples
+in history. Nor is it thence to be inferred that they
+neglect commending themselves to God; for there is
+time and opportunity enough to do it in the course of
+the action."</p>
+
+<p>"Notwithstanding all that," replied the traveller,
+"better had it been if the words he spent in commending
+himself to his lady, in the midst of the career, had
+been employed as the duties of a Christian require;
+particularly as I imagine that all knights-errant have
+not ladies to commend themselves to, because they are
+not all in love."</p>
+
+<p>"That cannot be," answered Don Quixote: "I say
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">36</a></span>
+there cannot be a knight-errant without a mistress; for
+it is as essential and as natural for them to be enamored
+as for the sky to have stars; and most certainly, no
+history exists in which a knight-errant is to be found
+without an amour; for, from the very circumstance of
+his being without, he would not be acknowledged as a
+legitimate knight, but a bastard who had entered the
+fortress of chivalry, not by the gate, but over the pales,
+like a thief and robber."</p>
+
+<p>"Nevertheless," said the traveller, "if I am not
+mistaken, I remember having read that Don Galaor,
+brother to the valorous Amadis de Gaul, never had a
+particular mistress, to whom he might commend himself;
+notwithstanding which, he was no less esteemed,
+and was a very valiant and famous knight."</p>
+
+<p>To which our Don Quixote answered: "Signor, one
+swallow does not make a summer." <a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">4</a></p>
+
+<p>"If it is essential that every knight-errant be a
+lover," said the traveller, "it may well be presumed
+that you are yourself one, being of the profession; and,
+if you do not pique yourself upon the same secrecy as
+Don Galaor, I earnestly entreat you, in the name of all
+this good company and in my own, to tell us the name,
+country, quality, and beauty of your mistress, who cannot
+but account herself happy that all the world should
+know that she is loved and served by so worthy a
+knight."</p>
+
+<p>Here Don Quixote breathed a deep sigh, and said:
+"I cannot positively affirm whether that sweet enemy
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">37</a></span>
+of mine is pleased or not that the world should know
+I am her servant. I can only say, in answer to what
+you so very courteously inquire of me, that her name
+is Dulcinea; her country Toboso, a town of la Mancha:
+her quality at least that of a princess, since she is my
+queen and sovereign lady; her beauty more than human,
+since in her all the impossible and chimerical attributes
+of beauty which the poets ascribe to their mistresses
+are realized; for her hair is gold, her forehead the Elysian
+Fields, her eyebrows rainbows, her eyes suns, her
+cheeks roses, her lips coral, her teeth pearls, her neck,
+alabaster, her bosom marble, her hands ivory, her whiteness
+snow, and her whole person without parallel. She
+is of those of Toboso de la Mancha; a lineage which,
+though modern, is yet such as may give a noble beginning
+to the most illustrious families of future ages; and
+in this let no one contradict me, unless it be on the conditions
+that Zerbino fixed under the arms of Orlando,
+where it said:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">'That knight alone these arms shall move,</span>
+<span class="i0">Who dares Orlando's prowess prove.'"</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr class="hr" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the story of chrysostom.</span></div>
+
+<p>"Comrades," said he, "do you know what is passing
+in the village?"</p>
+
+<p>"How should we know?" answered one of them.</p>
+
+<p>"Know, then," continued the youth, "that the famous
+shepherd and scholar, Chrysostom, died this morning;
+and it is rumored that it was for love of that saucy
+girl Marcela, daughter of William the rich; she who
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">38</a></span>
+rambles about these woods and fields in the dress of a
+shepherdess."</p>
+
+<p>"For Marcela, say you?" quoth one.</p>
+
+<p>"For her, I say," answered the goatherd; "and the
+best of it is, he has ordered in his will that they should
+bury him in the fields, like a Moor, at the foot of the
+rock, by the cork-tree fountain, which, according to report,
+and as they say, he himself declared was the very
+place where he first saw her. He ordered also other
+tilings so extravagant that the clergy say they must not
+be performed; nor is it fit that they should, for they
+seem to be heathenish. But his great friend Ambrosio,
+the student, who accompanied him, dressed also like a
+shepherd, declares that the whole of what Chrysostom
+enjoined shall be executed: and upon this the village is
+all in an uproar: but by what I can learn, they will at
+last do what Ambrosio and all his friends require; and
+to-morrow they come to inter him, with great solemnity,
+in the place I mentioned; and, in my opinion, it will be
+a sight well worth seeing; at least, I shall not fail to
+go, although I were certain of not returning to-morrow
+to the village."</p>
+
+<p>"We will do the same," answered the goatherds;
+"and let us cast lots who shall stay behind to look after
+the goats."</p>
+
+<p>"You say well, Pedro," quoth another; "but it will
+be needless to make use of this expedient, for I will remain
+for you all: and do not attribute this to self-denial
+or want of curiosity in me, but to the thorn which stuck
+into my foot the other day, and hinders me from
+walking."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">39</a></span>
+"We thank you, nevertheless," answered Pedro.</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote requested Pedro to give him some account
+of the deceased man and the shepherdess. To
+which Pedro answered, "that all he knew was, that the
+deceased was a wealthy gentleman, and inhabitant of a
+village situate among these mountains, who had studied
+many years at Salamanca; at the end of which time he
+returned home, with the character of a very learned and
+well read person; particularly, it was said, he understood
+the science of the stars, and what the sun and
+moon are doing in the sky; for he told us punctually the
+clipse of the sun and moon."</p>
+
+<p>"Friend," quoth Don Quixote, "the obscuration of
+those two luminaries is called an <i>eclipse</i>, and not a
+<i>clipse</i>."</p>
+
+<p>But Pedro, not regarding niceties, went on with his
+story, saying, "He also foretold when the year would
+be plentiful or starel."</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Sterile</i>, you would say, friend," quoth Don Quixote.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Sterile</i>, or <i>starel</i>," answered Pedro, "comes all to
+the same thing. And, as I was saying, his father and
+friends, who gave credit to his words, became very rich
+thereby; for they followed his advice in everything.
+This year he would say, 'Sow barley, and not wheat;
+in this you may sow vetches, and not barley; the next
+year there will be plenty of oil; the three following
+there will not be a drop.'"</p>
+
+<p>"This science they call astrology," said Don Quixote.</p>
+
+<p>"I know not how it is called," replied Pedro, "but I
+know that he knew all this, and more too. In short,
+not many months after he came from Salamanca, on a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">40</a></span>
+certain day he appeared dressed like a shepherd, with
+his crook and sheepskin jacket, having thrown aside his
+scholar's gown; and with an intimate friend of his,
+called Ambrosio, who had been his fellow-student, and
+who now put on likewise the apparel of a shepherd. I
+forgot to tell you how the deceased Chrysostom was a
+great man at making verses; insomuch that he made
+the carols for Christmas-eve and the religious plays for
+Corpus Christi, which the boys of the village represented;
+and everybody said they were most excellent.
+When the people of the village saw the two scholars so
+suddenly habited like shepherds, they were amazed, and
+could not get at the cause that induced them to make
+that strange alteration in their dress. About this time
+the father of Chrysostom died, and he inherited a large
+estate, in lands and goods, flocks, herds, and money, of
+all which the youth remained absolute master; and, indeed,
+he deserved it all, for he was a very good companion,
+a charitable man, and a friend to those that were
+good, and had a face like any blessing. Afterwards it
+came to be known that he changed his habit for no other
+purpose but that he might wander about these desert
+places after that shepherdess Marcela, with whom, as
+our lad told you, he was in love.</p>
+
+<p>"As all that I have related is certain truth, I can more
+readily believe what our companion told us concerning
+the cause of Chrysostom's death; and therefore I advise
+you, sir, not to fail being to-morrow at his funeral,
+which will be very well worth seeing; for Chrysostom
+had a great many friends, and it is not half a league
+hence to the place of interment appointed by himself."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">41</a></span>
+"I will certainly be there," said Don Quixote, "and
+I thank you for the pleasure you have given me by the
+recital of so entertaining a story."</p>
+
+<p>Morning scarcely had dawned through the balconies
+of the east, when five of the six goatherds got up and
+went to awake Don Quixote, whom they asked whether
+he continued in his resolution of going to see the famous
+interment of Chrysostom, for, if so, they would bear
+him company. Don Quixote, who desired nothing
+more, arose, and ordered Sancho to saddle and pannel
+immediately, which he did with great expedition; and
+with the same dispatch they all set out on their journey.</p>
+
+<p>They had not gone a quarter of a league, when upon
+crossing a pathway, they saw six shepherds advancing
+towards them, clad in jackets of black sheepskin, with
+garlands of cypress and bitter rosemary on their heads;
+each of them having in his hand a thick holly club.
+There came also with them two gentlemen on horseback,
+well equipped for travelling, who were attended by
+three lackeys on foot. When the two parties met they
+courteously saluted each other, and finding upon inquiry
+that all were proceeding to the place of burial,
+they continued their journey together.</p>
+
+<p>Proceeding on, they discerned through a cleft between
+two high mountains about twenty shepherds coming
+down, all clad in jerkins of black wool, and crowned
+with garlands, some of which were of yew, and some of
+cypress. Six of them carried a bier covered with various
+flowers and boughs. One of the goatherds said:
+"Those who come hither are bearing the corpse of
+Chrysostom, and at the foot of yonder mountain is the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">42</a></span>
+place where he desired to be interred." Four of them,
+with sharp pickaxes, were making the grave by the side
+of a sharp rock. Upon the bier lay a dead body,
+strewed with flowers, in the dress of a shepherd, apparently
+about thirty years of age; and though dead, it was
+evident that his countenance had been beautiful and
+his figure elegant. Several books and a great number
+of papers, some open and some folded, lay round him
+on the bier. All that were present, spectators as well
+as those who were opening the grave, kept a marvellous
+silence, until one said to another: "Observe carefully,
+Ambrosio, whether this be the place which Chrysostom
+mentioned since you wish to be so exact in executing
+his will."</p>
+
+<p>"It is here," answered Ambrosio; "for in this very
+place my unhappy friend often told me of his woe.
+Here it was, he told me, that he first beheld that mortal
+enemy of the human race; here it was that he declared
+to her his no less honorable than ardent passion;
+here it was that Marcela finally undeceived and treated
+him with such disdain that she put an end to the
+tragedy of his miserable life; and here, in memory of
+so many misfortunes, he desired to be deposited in the
+bowels of eternal oblivion."</p>
+
+<p>Then, addressing himself to Don Quixote and the
+travellers, he thus continued: "This body, sirs, which
+you are regarding with compassionate eyes, was the
+receptacle of a soul upon which Heaven had bestowed
+an infinite portion of its treasures; this is the body of
+Chrysostom, who was a man of rare genius, matchless
+courtesy, and unbounded kindness; he was a ph&oelig;nix
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">43</a></span>
+in friendship, magnificent without ostentation, grave
+without arrogance, cheerful without meanness; in
+short, the first in all that was good, and second to none
+in all that was unfortunate. He loved, and was abhorred;
+he adored, and was scorned; he courted a savage;
+he solicited a statue; he pursued the wind; he
+called aloud to the desert; he was the slave of ingratitude,
+whose recompense was to leave him, in the middle
+of his career of life, a prey to death, inflicted by a certain
+shepherdess, whom he endeavored to render immortal in
+the memories of men; as these papers you are looking
+at would sufficiently demonstrate, had he not ordered
+me to commit them to the flames at the same time that
+his body was deposited in the earth."</p>
+
+<p>"You would then be more rigorous and cruel to
+them," said Vivaldo, "than their master himself.</p>
+
+<p>"It is neither just nor wise to fulfil the will of him
+who commands what is utterly unreasonable.</p>
+
+<p>"Augustus C&aelig;sar deemed it wrong to consent to the
+execution of what the divine Mantuan commanded in
+his will; therefore, Signor Ambrosio, although you
+commit your friend's body to the earth, do not commit
+his writings also to oblivion; and if he has ordained
+like a man aggrieved, do not you fulfil like one without
+discretion, but rather preserve those papers, in
+order that the cruelty of Marcela may be still remembered,
+and serve for an example to those who shall live
+in times to come, that they may avoid falling down
+the like precipices; for I am acquainted, as well
+as my companions here, with the story of this your
+enamored and despairing friend; we know also your
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">44</a></span>
+friendship, and the occasion of his death, and what he
+ordered on his deathbed; from which lamentable history
+we may conclude how great has been the cruelty
+of Marcela, the love of Chrysostom, and the sincerity of
+your friendship; and also learn the end of those who
+run headlong in the path that delirious passion presents
+to their view. Last night we heard of Chrysostom's
+death, and that he was to be interred in this place; led,
+therefore, by curiosity and compassion, we turned out
+of our way, and determined to behold with our eyes
+what had interested us so much in the recital; and, in
+return for our pity, and our desire to give aid, had it
+been possible, we beseech you, oh wise Ambrosio&mdash;at
+least I request it on my own behalf&mdash;that you will
+not burn the papers, but allow me to take some of
+them."</p>
+
+<p>Then, without waiting for the shepherd's reply, he
+stretched out his hand and took some of those that
+were nearest to him: upon which Ambrosio said:
+"Out of civility, signor, I will consent to your keeping
+those you have taken; but if you expect that I shall
+forbear burning those that remain, you are deceived."</p>
+
+<p>Vivaldo, desirous of seeing what the papers contained,
+immediately opened one of them, and found
+that it was entitled, "The Song of Despair." Ambrosio,
+hearing it, said: "This is the last thing which
+the unhappy man wrote; and that all present may conceive,
+signor, to what a state of misery he was reduced,
+read it aloud; for you will have time enough while they
+are digging the grave."</p>
+
+<p>"That I will do with all my heart," said Vivaldo;
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">45</a></span>
+and, as all the bystanders had the same desire, they
+assembled around him, and he read in an audible voice
+as follows:&mdash;</p>
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;"><span class="smcap">chrysostom's song.<br /><br /></span></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">i.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Since, cruel maid, you force me to proclaim</span>
+<span class="i0">From clime to clime, the triumph of your scorn,</span>
+<span class="i0">Let hell itself inspire my tortured breast</span>
+<span class="i0">With mournful numbers, and untune my voice;</span>
+<span class="i0">Whilst the sad pieces of my broken heart</span>
+<span class="i0">Mix with the doleful accents of my tongue,</span>
+<span class="i0">At once to tell my griefs and thy exploits,</span>
+<span class="i0">Hear, then, and listen with attentive ear&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i0">Not to harmonious sounds, but echoing groans,</span>
+<span class="i0">Fetched from the bottom of my laboring breast,</span>
+<span class="i0">To ease, in spite of thee, my raging smart.</span>
+</div></div>
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">ii.</span></span></p>
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The lion's roar, the howl of midnight wolves,</span>
+<span class="i0">The scaly serpent's hiss, the raven's croak,</span>
+<span class="i0">The burst of fighting winds that vex the main,</span>
+<span class="i0">The widowed owl and turtle's plaintive moan,</span>
+<span class="i0">With all the din of hell's infernal crew,</span>
+<span class="i0">From my grieved soul forth issue in one sound&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i0">Leaving my senses all confused and lost.</span>
+<span class="i0">For ah! no common language can express</span>
+<span class="i0">The cruel pains that torture my sad heart.</span>
+</div></div>
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">iii.</span></span></p>
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Yet let not Echo bear the mournful sounds</span>
+<span class="i0">To where old Tagus rolls his yellow sands,</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">46</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Or Betis, crowned with olives, pours his flood,</span>
+<span class="i0">But here, 'midst rocks and precipices deep,</span>
+<span class="i0">Or to obscure and silent vales removed,</span>
+<span class="i0">On shores by human footsteps never trod,</span>
+<span class="i0">Where the gay sun ne'er lifts his radiant orb,</span>
+<span class="i0">Or with the envenomed face of savage beasts</span>
+<span class="i0">That range the howling wilderness for food,</span>
+<span class="i0">Will I proclaim the story of my woes&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i0">Poor privilege of grief!&mdash;while echoes hoarse</span>
+<span class="i0">Catch the sad tale, and spread it round the world.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">iv.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Disdain gives death; suspicions, true or false,</span>
+<span class="i0">O'erturn the impatient mind: with surer stroke</span>
+<span class="i0">Fell jealousy destroys; the pangs of absence</span>
+<span class="i0">No lover can support; nor firmest hope</span>
+<span class="i0">Can dissipate the dread of cold neglect;</span>
+<span class="i0">Yet I, strange fate! though jealous, though disdained,</span>
+<span class="i0">Absent, and sure of cold neglect, still live.</span>
+<span class="i0">And amidst the various torments I endure,</span>
+<span class="i0">No ray of hope e'er darted on my soul,</span>
+<span class="i0">Nor would I hope; rather in deep despair</span>
+<span class="i0">Will I sit down, and, brooding o'er my griefs,</span>
+<span class="i0">Vow everlasting absence from her sight.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">v.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Can hope and fear at once the soul possess,</span>
+<span class="i0">Or hope subsist with surer cause of fear?</span>
+<span class="i0">Shall I, to shut out frightful jealousy,</span>
+<span class="i0">Close my sad eyes, when every pang I feel</span>
+<span class="i0">Presents the hideous phantom to my view?</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">47</a></span>
+<span class="i0">What wretch so credulous but must embrace</span>
+<span class="i0">Distrust with open arms, when he beholds</span>
+<span class="i0">Disdain avowed, suspicions realized,</span>
+<span class="i0">And truth itself converted to a lie?</span>
+<span class="i0">Oh, cruel tyrant of the realm of love,</span>
+<span class="i0">Fierce Jealousy, arm with a sword this hand,</span>
+<span class="i0">Or thou, Disdain, a twisted cord bestow!</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">vi.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Let me not blame my fate; but, dying, think</span>
+<span class="i0">The man most blest who loves, the soul most free</span>
+<span class="i0">That love has most enthralled. Still to my thoughts</span>
+<span class="i0">Let fancy paint the tyrant of my heart</span>
+<span class="i0">Beauteous in mind as face, and in myself</span>
+<span class="i0">Still let me find the source of her disdain,</span>
+<span class="i0">Content to suffer, since imperial Love</span>
+<span class="i0">By lover's woes maintains his sovereign state.</span>
+<span class="i0">With this persuasion, and the fatal noose,</span>
+<span class="i0">I hasten to the doom her scorn demands,</span>
+<span class="i0">And, dying, offer up my breathless corse,</span>
+<span class="i0">Uncrowned with garlands, to the whistling winds.</span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">vii.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Oh thou, whose unrelenting rigor's force</span>
+<span class="i0">First drove me to despair, and now to death;</span>
+<span class="i0">When the sad tale of my untimely fall</span>
+<span class="i0">Shall reach thy ear, though it deserve a sigh,</span>
+<span class="i0">Veil not the heaven of those bright eyes in grief,</span>
+<span class="i0">Nor drop one pitying tear, to tell the world</span>
+<span class="i0">At length my death has triumphed o'er thy scorn:</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">48</a></span>
+<span class="i0">With laughter and each circumstance of joy</span>
+<span class="i0">The festival of my disastrous end.</span>
+<span class="i0">Ah! need I bid thee smile? too well I know</span>
+<span class="i0">My death's thy utmost glory and thy pride.</span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">viii.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Come, all ye phantoms of the dark abyss:</span>
+<span class="i0">Bring, Tantalus, thy unextinguished thirst,</span>
+<span class="i0">And Sisyphus, thy still returning stone;</span>
+<span class="i0">Come, Tityus, with the vulture at thy heart;</span>
+<span class="i0">And thou, Ixion, bring thy giddy wheel;</span>
+<span class="i0">Nor let the toiling sisters stay behind.</span>
+<span class="i0">Pour your united griefs into this breast,</span>
+<span class="i0">And in low murmurs sing sad obsequies</span>
+<span class="i0">(If a despairing wretch such rites may claim)</span>
+<span class="i0">O'er my cold limbs, denied a winding sheet.</span>
+<span class="i0">And let the triple porter of the shades,</span>
+<span class="i0">The sister Furies, and chimeras dire,</span>
+<span class="i0">With notes of woe the mournful chorus join.</span>
+<span class="i0">Such funeral pomp alone befits the wretch</span>
+<span class="i0">By beauty sent untimely to the grave.</span>
+</div></div>
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">ix.</span></span></p>
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And thou, my song, sad child of my despair,</span>
+<span class="i0">Complain no more; but since thy wretched fate</span>
+<span class="i0">Improves her happier lot who gave thee birth,</span>
+<span class="i0">Be all thy sorrows buried in my tomb.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>None of the shepherds departed until, the grave being
+made and the papers burnt, the body of Chrysostom was
+interred, not without many tears from the spectators.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">49</a></span>
+They closed the sepulchre with a large fragment of a rock
+until a tombstone was finished, which Ambrosio said
+it was his intention to provide, and to inscribe upon it
+the following epitaph:&mdash;</p>
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;"><span class="smcap">chrysostom's epitaph.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The body of a wretched swain,</span>
+<span class="i0">Killed by a cruel maid's disdain,</span>
+<span class="i1">In this cold bed neglected lies.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">He lived, fond, hapless youth! to prove</span>
+<span class="i0">Th' inhuman tyranny of love,</span>
+<span class="i1">Exerted in Marcela's eyes.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Then they strewed abundance of flowers and boughs
+on the grave, and after expressions of condolence to his
+friend Ambrosio, they took their leave of him.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>All beauty does not inspire love; some please the
+sight without captivating the affections. If all beauties
+were to enamour and captivate, the hearts of mankind
+would be in a continual state of perplexity and confusion&mdash;for
+beautiful objects being infinite, the sentiments
+they inspire should also be infinite.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>True love cannot be divided, and must be voluntary and
+unconstrained.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The viper deserves no blame for its sting, although it be
+mortal&mdash;because it is the gift of Nature.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Beauty in a modest woman is like fire or a sharp sword at a
+distance; neither doth the one burn nor the other wound
+
+those that come not too near them.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">50</a></span>
+Honor and virtue are ornaments of the soul, without which
+the body, though it be really beautiful, ought not to be
+thought so.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Let him who is deceived complain.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Let him to whom faith is broken despair.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>She who loves none can make none jealous, and sincerity
+ought not to pass for disdain.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Much time is necessary to know people thoroughly.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>We are sure of nothing in this life.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There is no remembrance which time does not obliterate, nor
+pain which death does not terminate.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Fortune always leaves some door open in misfortune.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Sometimes we look for one thing and find another.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Self-praise depreciates.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The cat to the rat&mdash;the rat to the rope&mdash;the rope to the
+gallows.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Out of the frying-pan into the fire.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>One man is no more than another, only inasmuch as he does
+more than another.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">51</a></span>
+The lance never blunted the pen, nor the pen the lance.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A mouth without teeth is like a mill without a stone.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The dead to the bier, and the living to good cheer.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>One effect of fear is to disturb the senses, and make things
+not to appear what they really are.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">adventure of the dead body.</span></div>
+
+<p>They saw, advancing towards them, on the same
+road, a great number of lights, resembling so many
+moving stars. Sancho stood aghast at the sight of them,
+nor was Don Quixote unmoved. The one checked his
+ass and the other his horse, and both stood looking before
+them with eager attention. They perceived that
+the lights were advancing towards them, and that as
+they approached nearer they appeared larger. Sancho
+trembled like quicksilver at the sight, and Don Quixote's
+hair bristled upon his head; but, somewhat recovering
+himself, he exclaimed: "Sancho, this must be
+a most perilous adventure, wherein it will be necessary
+for me to exert my whole might and valor."</p>
+
+<p>"Woe is me!" answered Sancho; "should this prove
+to be an adventure of goblins, as to me it seems to be,
+where shall I find ribs to endure?"</p>
+
+<p>"Whatsoever phantoms they may be," said Don
+Quixote, "I will not suffer them to touch a thread of
+thy garment: for if they sported with thee before, it
+was because I could not get over the wall; but we are
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">52</a></span>
+now upon even ground, where I can brandish my sword
+at pleasure."</p>
+
+<p>"But, if they should enchant and benumb you, as
+they did then," quoth Sancho, "what matters it whether
+we are in the open field or not?"</p>
+
+<p>"Notwithstanding that," replied Don Quixote, "I
+beseech thee, Sancho, to be of good courage; for experience
+shall give thee sufficient proof of mine."</p>
+
+<p>"I will, if it please God," answered Sancho; and,
+retiring a little on one side of the road, and again endeavoring
+to discover what those walking lights might
+be, they soon after perceived a great many persons
+clothed in white.</p>
+
+<p>This dreadful spectacle completely annihilated the
+courage of Sancho, whose teeth began to chatter, as if
+seized with a quartan ague; and his trembling and
+chattering increased as more of it appeared in view;
+for now they discovered about twenty persons in white
+robes, all on horseback, with lighted torches in their
+hands; behind them came a litter covered with black,
+which was followed by six persons in deep mourning;
+the mules on which they were mounted being covered
+likewise with black down to their heels; for that they
+were mules, and not horses, was evident by the slowness
+of their pace. Those robed in white were muttering
+to themselves in a low and plaintive tone.</p>
+
+<p>This strange vision, at such an hour, and in a place
+so uninhabited might well strike terror into Sancho's
+heart, and even into that of his master; and so it would
+have done had he been any other than Don Quixote.
+As for Sancho, his whole stock of courage was now exhausted.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">53</a></span>
+But it was otherwise with his master, whose
+lively imagination instantly suggested to him that this
+must be truly a chivalrous adventure. He conceived
+that the litter was a bier, whereon was carried some
+knight sorely wounded, or slain, whose revenge was
+reserved for him alone; he, therefore, without delay
+couched his spear, seated himself firm in his saddle,
+and with grace and spirit advanced into the middle of
+the road by which the procession must pass; and, when
+they were near, he raised his voice and said: "Ho,
+knights, whoever ye are, halt, and give me an account
+to whom ye belong; whence ye come, whither ye are
+going, and what it is ye carry upon that bier; for in all
+appearance either ye have done some injury to others,
+or others to you: and it is expedient and necessary that
+I be informed of it, either to chastise ye for the evil ye
+have done, or to revenge ye of wrongs sustained."</p>
+
+<p>"We are in haste," answered one in the procession;
+"the inn is a great way off, and we cannot stay to give
+so long an account as you require." Then, spurring
+his mule, he passed forward.</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote, highly resenting this answer, laid hold
+of his bridle and said: "Stand, and with more civility
+give me the account I demand; otherwise I challenge
+ye all to battle."</p>
+
+<p>The mule was timid, and started so much upon his
+touching the bridle, that, rising on her hind legs, she
+threw her rider over the crupper to the ground. A
+lacquey that came on foot, seeing the man in white
+fall, began to revile Don Quixote, whose choler being
+now raised, he couched his spear, and immediately
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">54</a></span>
+attacking one of the mourners, laid him on the ground
+grievously wounded; then turning about to the rest,
+it was worth seeing with what agility he attacked and
+defeated them; and it seemed as if wings at that instant
+had sprung on Rozinante&mdash;so lightly and swiftly
+he moved! All the white-robed people, being timorous
+and unarmed, soon quitted the skirmish and ran
+over the plain with their lighted torches, looking like
+so many masqueraders on a carnival or festival night.
+The mourners were so wrapped up and muffled in their
+long robes that they could make no exertion; so that
+Don Quixote, with entire safety, assailed them all, and,
+sorely against their will, obliged them to quit the field;
+for they thought him no man, but the devil from hell
+broke loose upon them to seize the dead body they were
+conveying in the litter.</p>
+
+<p>All this Sancho beheld with admiration at his master's
+intrepidity, and said to himself: "This master
+of mine is certainly as valiant and magnanimous as he
+pretends to be."</p>
+
+<p>A burning torch lay upon the ground near the first
+whom the mule had overthrown, by the light of which
+Don Quixote espied him, and going up to him, placed
+the point of his spear to his throat, commanding him
+to surrender, on pain of death. To which the fallen
+man answered: "I am surrendered enough already,
+since I cannot stir, for one of my legs is broken. I
+beseech you, sir, if you are a Christian gentleman, do
+not kill me: you would commit a great sacrilege,
+for I am a licentiate and have taken the lesser
+orders."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">55</a></span>
+"Who the devil, then," said Don Quixote, "brought
+you hither, being an ecclesiastic?"</p>
+
+<p>"Who, sir?" replied the fallen man; "my evil fortune."</p>
+
+<p>"A worse fate now threatens you," said Don Quixote,
+"unless you reply satisfactorily to all my first questions."</p>
+
+<p>"Your worship shall soon be satisfied," answered the
+licentiate; "and therefore you must know, sir, that
+though I told you before I was a licentiate, I am in
+fact only a bachelor of arts, and my name is Alonzo
+Lopez. I am a native of Alcovendas, and came from
+the city of Baeza with eleven more ecclesiastics, the
+same who fled with the torches. We were attending
+the corpse in that litter to the city of Segovia. It is
+that of a gentleman who died in Baeza, where he was
+deposited till now, that, as I said before, we are carrying
+his bones to their place of burial in Segovia, where
+he was born."</p>
+
+<p>"And who killed him?" demanded Don Quixote.</p>
+
+<p>"God," replied the bachelor, "by means of a pestilential
+fever."</p>
+
+<p>"Then," said Don Quixote, "our Lord hath saved
+me the labor of revenging his death, in case he had
+been slain by any other hand. But, since he fell by
+the hand of Heaven, there is nothing expected from us
+but patience and a silent shrug; for just the same must
+I have done had it been His pleasure to pronounce the
+fatal sentence upon me. It is proper that your reverence
+should know that I am a knight of La Mancha,
+Don Quixote by name, and that it is my office and profession
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">56</a></span>
+to go over the world righting wrongs and redressing
+grievances."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He that seeketh danger perisheth therein.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Fear hath many eyes.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Evil to him that evil seeks.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Everybody has not discretion to take things by the right
+handle.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He loves thee well who makes thee weep.</p>
+
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the grand adventure and rich prize of mambrino's helmet.</span></div>
+
+
+<p>About this time it began to rain a little, and Sancho
+proposed entering the fulling-mill; but Don Quixote
+had conceived such an abhorrence of them for the late
+jest, that he would by no means go in: turning, therefore,
+to the right hand, they struck into another road,
+like that they had travelled through the day before.
+Soon after, Don Quixote discovered a man on horseback,
+who had on his head something which glittered as
+if it had been of gold; and scarcely had he seen it when,
+turning to Sancho, he said, "I am of opinion, Sancho,
+there is no proverb but what is true, because they are
+all sentences drawn from experience itself, the mother of
+all the sciences; especially that which says, 'Where one
+door is shut another is opened.' I say this because, if
+fortune last night shut the door against what we
+sought, deceiving us with the fulling-mills, it now
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">57</a></span>
+opens wide another, for a better and more certain
+adventure; in which, if I am deceived, the fault will be
+mine, without imputing it to my ignorance of fulling-mills,
+or to the darkness of night. This I say because,
+if I mistake not, there comes one towards us who
+carries on his head Mambrino's helmet, concerning
+which thou mayest remember I swore the oath."</p>
+
+<p>"Take care, sir, what you say, and more what you
+do," said Sancho; "for I would not wish for other
+fulling-mills, to finish the milling and mashing our
+senses."</p>
+
+<p>"The devil take thee!" replied Don Quixote: "what
+has a helmet to do with fulling-mills?"</p>
+
+<p>"I know not," answered Sancho; "but in faith, if I
+might talk as much as I used to do, perhaps I could
+give such reasons that your worship would see you are
+mistaken in what you say."</p>
+
+<p>"How can I be mistaken in what I say, scrupulous
+traitor?" said Don Quixote. "Tell me, seest thou
+not yon knight coming towards us on a dapple-gray
+steed, with a helmet of gold on his head?"</p>
+
+<p>"What I see and perceive," answered Sancho, "is
+only a man on a gray ass like mine, with something on
+his head that glitters."</p>
+
+<p>"Why, that is Mambrino's helmet," said Don Quixote;
+"retire, and leave me alone to deal with him,
+and thou shalt see how, in order to save time, I shall
+conclude this adventure without speaking a word, and
+the helmet I have so much desired remain my own."</p>
+
+<p>"I shall take care to get out of the way," replied
+Sancho; "but Heaven grant, I say again, it may not
+prove another fulling-mill adventure."
+</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">58</a></span>
+"I have already told thee, Sancho, not to mention
+those fulling-mills, nor even think of them," said Don
+Quixote: "if thou dost&mdash;I say no more, but I vow to
+mill thy soul for thee!" Sancho held his peace, fearing
+lest his master should perform his vow, which had
+struck him all of a heap.</p>
+
+<p>Now the truth of the matter, concerning the helmet,
+the steed, and the knight which Don Quixote saw, was
+this. There were two villages in that neighborhood,
+one of them so small that it had neither shop nor barber,
+but the other adjoining to it had both; therefore
+the barber of the larger served also the less, wherein
+one customer now wanted to be let blood and another
+to be shaved; to perform which, the barber was now on
+his way, carrying with him his brass basin; and it so
+happened that while upon the road it began to rain,
+and to save his hat, which was a new one, he clapped
+the basin on his head, which being lately scoured was
+seen glittering at the distance of half a league; and he
+rode on a gray ass, as Sancho had affirmed. Thus Don
+Quixote took the barber for a knight, his ass for a dapple-gray
+steed, and his basin for a golden helmet; for
+whatever he saw was quickly adapted to his knightly
+extravagances: and when the poor knight drew near,
+without staying to reason the case with him, he advanced
+at Rozinante's best speed, and couched his
+lance, intending to run him through and through; but,
+when close upon him, without checking the fury of his
+career, he cried out, "Defend thyself, caitiff! or instantly
+surrender what is justly my due."</p>
+
+<p>The barber, so unexpectedly seeing this phantom
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">59</a></span>
+advancing upon him, had no other way to avoid the
+thrust of the lance than to slip down from the ass; and
+no sooner had he touched the ground than, leaping up
+nimbler than a roebuck, he scampered over the plain
+with such speed that the wind could not overtake him.
+The basin he left on the ground; with which Don
+Quixote was satisfied, observing that the pagan had
+acted discreetly, and in imitation of the beaver, which,
+when closely pursued by the hunters, tears off with his
+teeth that which it knows by instinct to be the object
+of pursuit. He ordered Sancho to take up the helmet;
+who, holding it in his hand, said, "Before Heaven,
+the basin is a special one, and is well worth a piece of
+eight, if it is worth a farthing."</p>
+
+<p>He then gave it to his master, who immediately
+placed it upon his head, turning it round in search of
+the visor; but not finding it he said, "Doubtless the
+pagan for whom this famous helmet was originally
+forged must have had a prodigious head&mdash;the worst of
+it is that one half is wanting."</p>
+
+<p>When Sancho heard the basin called a helmet, he
+could not forbear laughing; which, however, he instantly
+checked on recollecting his master's late choler.</p>
+
+<p>"What dost thou laugh at, Sancho?" said Don
+Quixote.</p>
+
+<p>"I am laughing," answered he, "to think what a
+huge head the pagan had who owned that helmet,
+which is for all the world just like a barber's basin."</p>
+
+<p>"Knowest thou, Sancho, what I conceive to be the
+case? This famous piece, this enchanted helmet, by
+some strange accident must have fallen into the possession
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">60</a></span>
+of one who, ignorant of its true value as a helmet
+and seeing it to be of the purest gold, hath inconsiderately
+melted down the one-half for lucre's sake, and of
+the other half made this, which, as thou sayest, doth
+indeed look like a barber's basin; but to me, who know
+what it really is, its transformation is of no importance,
+for I will have it so repaired in the first town where
+there is a smith, that it shall not be surpassed nor even
+equalled by that which the god of smiths himself made
+and forged for the god of battles. In the mean time I
+will wear it as I best can, for something is better than
+nothing; and it will be sufficient to defend me from
+stones."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Be brief in thy discourse, for what is prolix cannot be
+pleasing.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Never stand begging for that which you have the power to
+take.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There are two kinds of lineages in the world. Some
+there are who derive their pedigree from princes and
+monarchs, whom time has gradually reduced until they
+have ended in a point, like a pyramid; others have had
+a low origin, and have risen by degrees, until they have
+become great lords. So that the difference is, that
+some have been what they now are not, and others are
+now what they were not before.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A leap from a hedge is better than the prayer of a bishop.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A snatch from behind a bush is better than the prayer of
+good men.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">61</a></span>
+Customs come not all together, neither were they all
+invented at once.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Who sings in grief procures relief.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Let every one turn himself round, and look at home, and he
+will find enough to do.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>To be grateful for benefits received is the duty of honest
+men&mdash;one of the sins that most offendeth God is ingratitude.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Benefits conferred on base-minded people are like drops of
+water thrown into the sea.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Retreating is not running away, nor is staying wisdom when
+the danger overbalances the hope; and it is the part of wise
+men to secure themselves to-day for to-morrow, and not to
+venture all upon one throw.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The wicked are always ungrateful.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Necessity urges desperate measures.</p>
+<hr class="three" />
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Know'st thou, O love, the pangs that I sustain,</span>
+<span class="i1">Or, cruel, dost thou view those pangs unmov'd?</span>
+<span class="i1">Or has some hidden cause its influence proved,</span>
+<span class="i0">By all this sad variety of pain?</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">62</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Love is a god, then surely he must know,</span>
+<span class="i1">And knowing, pity wretchedness like mine;</span>
+<span class="i0">From other hands proceeds the fatal blow&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i1">Is then the deed, unpitying Chloe, thine?</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Ah, no! a form so exquisitely fair</span>
+<span class="i1">A soul so merciless can ne'er enclose.</span>
+<span class="i1">From Heaven's high will my fate resistless flows,</span>
+<span class="i0">And I, submissive, must its vengeance bear.</span>
+<span class="i1">Nought but a miracle my life can save,</span>
+<span class="i1">And snatch its destined victim from the grave.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The devil is subtle, and lays stumbling-blocks in our way,
+over which we fall without knowing how.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>In all misfortunes the greatest consolation is a
+sympathizing friend.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Riches are but of little avail against the ills inflicted by
+the hand of Heaven.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He that buys and denies, his own purse belies.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Till you hedge in the sky, the starlings will fly.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>If a painter would be famous in his art, he must endeavor to
+copy after the originals of the most excellent masters; the
+same rule is also applicable to all the other arts and
+sciences which adorn the commonwealth; thus, whoever aspires
+to a reputation for prudence and patience, must imitate
+Ulysses, in whose person and toils Homer draws a lively
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">63</a></span>
+picture of those qualities; so also Virgil, in the
+character of &AElig;neas, delineates filial piety, courage, and
+martial skill, being representations of not what they really
+were, but of what they ought to be, in order to serve as
+models of virtue to succeeding generations.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The absent feel and fear every ill.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"I have heard say," quoth Sancho, "'from hell there
+is no retention.'"</p>
+
+<p>"I know not," said Don Quixote, "what retention
+means."</p>
+
+<p>"Retention," answered Sancho, "means that he who
+is once in hell never does, nor ever can, get out again.
+I must strip off all my armor, and remain as naked as I
+was born, if I should determine upon imitating Orlando,
+in my penance, instead of Amadis."</p>
+
+<p>While they were thus discoursing, they arrived at the
+foot of a high mountain, which stood separated from
+several others that surrounded it, as if it had been hewn
+out from them. Near its base ran a gentle stream,
+that watered a verdant and luxuriant vale, adorned
+with many wide-spreading trees, plants, and wild flowers
+of various hues. This was the spot in which the
+knight of the sorrowful figure chose to perform his penance;
+and, while contemplating the scene, he thus broke
+forth in a loud voice:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"This is the place, O ye heavens! which I select and
+appoint for bewailing the misfortune in which ye have
+involved me. This is the spot where my flowing tears
+shall increase the waters of this crystal stream, and my
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">64</a></span>
+sighs, continual and deep, shall incessantly move the
+foliage of these lofty trees, in testimony and token of
+the pain my persecuted heart endures. O ye rural
+deities, whoever ye be, that inhabit these remote deserts,
+give ear to the complaints of an unhappy lover,
+whom long absence and some pangs of jealousy have
+driven to bewail himself among these rugged heights,
+and to complain of the cruelty of that ungrateful fair,
+the utmost extent and ultimate perfection of all human
+beauty! O ye wood-nymphs and dryads, who are accustomed
+to inhabit the dark recesses of the mountain
+groves (so may the nimble and lascivious satyrs, by
+whom ye are wooed in vain, never disturb your sweet
+repose), assist me to lament my hard fate, or at least be
+not weary of hearing my groans! O my Dulcinea del
+Toboso, light of my darkness, glory of my pain, the
+north-star of my travels, and overruling planet of my
+fortune (so may Heaven listen to all thy petitions), consider,
+I beseech thee, to what a condition thy absence
+hath reduced me, and reward me as my fidelity deserves!
+O ye solitary trees, who henceforth are to be the companions
+of my retirement, wave gently your branches,
+to indicate that my presence does not offend you! And,
+O thou my squire, agreeable companion in my prosperous
+and adverse fortunes, carefully imprint on thy memory
+what thou shalt see me here perform, that thou mayest
+recount and recite it to her who is the sole cause of all!"</p>
+
+<p>"There is no reason why you should threaten me,"
+quoth Sancho, "for I am not a man to rob or murder
+anybody. Let every man's fate kill him, or God who
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">65</a></span>
+made him. My master is doing a certain penance
+much to his liking in the midst of yon mountains."</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote took out the pocket-book, and, stepping
+aside, began with much composure to write the letter;
+and having finished, he called Sancho and said he would
+read it to him that he might have it by heart, lest he
+might perchance lose it by the way, for everything was
+to be feared from his evil destiny. To which Sancho
+answered: "Write it, sir, two or three times in the
+book, and give it me, and I will take good care of it;
+but to suppose that I can carry it in my memory is a
+folly, for mine is so bad that I often forget my own
+name. Your worship, however, may read it to me. I
+shall be glad to hear it, for it must needs be very much
+to the purpose."</p>
+
+<p>"Listen, then," said Don Quixote, "this is what I
+have written ":&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">don quixote's letter to dulcinea del toboso.</span></div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">High and Sovereign Lady</span>:&mdash;He who is stabbed
+by the point of absence, and pierced by the arrows of
+love, O sweetest Dulcinea del Toboso, greets thee with
+wishes for that health which he enjoys not himself.
+If thy beauty despise me, if thy worth favor me not,
+and if thy disdain still pursue me, although inured to
+suffering, I shall ill support an affliction which is not
+only severe but lasting. My good squire Sancho will
+tell thee, O ungrateful fair and most beloved foe, to
+what a state I am reduced on thy account. If it be
+thy pleasure to relieve me, I am thine; if not, do
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">66</a></span>
+what seemeth good to thee,&mdash;for by my death I shall
+at once appease thy cruelty and my own passion.</p>
+
+<div class="center2">Until death thine,</div>
+<p class="quotsig"><span class="smcap">The Knight of the Sorrowful Figure.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="three" />
+<p>One should not talk of halters in the house of the hanged.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">lines discovered on the bark of a tree, addressed to dulcinea del toboso.</span></div>
+
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Ye lofty trees, with spreading arms,</span>
+<span class="i1">The pride and shelter of the plain;</span>
+<span class="i0">Ye humble shrubs and flowery charms,</span>
+<span class="i1">Which here in springing glory reign!</span>
+<span class="i0">If my complaints may pity move,</span>
+<span class="i0">Hear the sad story of my love!</span>
+<span class="i1">While with me here you pass your hours,</span>
+<span class="i0">Should you grow faded with my cares,</span>
+<span class="i1">I'll bribe you with refreshing showers;</span>
+<span class="i0">You shall be watered with my tears.</span>
+<span class="i1">Distant, though present in idea,</span>
+<span class="i1">I mourn my absent Dulcinea</span>
+<span class="i12">Del Toboso.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Love's truest slave, despairing, chose</span>
+<span class="i1">This lonely wild, this desert plain,</span>
+<span class="i0">This silent witness of the woes</span>
+<span class="i1">Which he, though guiltless, must sustain.</span>
+<span class="i0">Unknowing why these pains he bears,</span>
+<span class="i0">He groans, he raves, and he despairs.</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">67</a></span>
+<span class="i1">With lingering fires Love racks my soul:</span>
+<span class="i0">In vain I grieve, in vain lament;</span>
+<span class="i1">Like tortured fiends I weep, I howl,</span>
+<span class="i0">And burn, yet never can repent.</span>
+<span class="i1">Distant, though present in idea,</span>
+<span class="i1">I mourn my absent Dulcinea</span>
+<span class="i12">Del Toboso.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">While I through Honor's thorny ways,</span>
+<span class="i1">In search of distant glory rove,</span>
+<span class="i0">Malignant fate my toil repays</span>
+<span class="i1">With endless woes and hopeless love.</span>
+<span class="i0">Thus I on barren rocks despair,</span>
+<span class="i0">And curse my stars, yet bless my fair.</span>
+<span class="i1">Love, armed with snakes, has left his dart,</span>
+<span class="i0">And now does like a fury rave;</span>
+<span class="i1">And scourge and sting on every part,</span>
+<span class="i0">And into madness lash his slave.</span>
+<span class="i1">Distant, though present in idea,</span>
+<span class="i1">I mourn my absent Dulcinea</span>
+<span class="i12">Del Toboso.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>When the stars are adverse, what is human power?</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Who is there in the world that can boast of having fathomed
+and thoroughly penetrated the intricate and ever-changing
+nature of a woman?</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">What causes all my grief and pain?</span>
+<span class="i1">Cruel disdain.</span>
+<span class="i0">What aggravates my misery?</span>
+<span class="i1">Accursed jealousy.</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">68</a></span>
+<span class="i0">How has my soul its patience lost?</span>
+<span class="i1">By tedious absence crossed.</span>
+<span class="i0">Alas! no balsam can be found</span>
+<span class="i0">To heal the grief of such a wound.</span>
+<span class="i0">When absence, jealousy, and scorn</span>
+<span class="i0">Have left me hopeless and forlorn.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">What in my breast this grief could move?</span>
+<span class="i1">Neglected love.</span>
+<span class="i0">What doth my fond desires withstand?</span>
+<span class="i1">Fate's cruel hand.</span>
+<span class="i0">And what confirms my misery?</span>
+<span class="i1">Heaven's fixed decree.</span>
+<span class="i0">Ah me! my boding fears portend,</span>
+<span class="i0">This strange disease my life will end:</span>
+<span class="i0">For die I must, when three such foes,</span>
+<span class="i0">Heaven, fate, and love, my bliss oppose.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">My peace of mind, what can restore?</span>
+<span class="i1">Death's welcome hour.</span>
+<span class="i0">What gains love's joys most readily?</span>
+<span class="i1">Fickle inconstancy.</span>
+<span class="i0">Its pains what medicine can assuage?</span>
+<span class="i1">Wild frenzy's rage.</span>
+<span class="i0">'Tis therefore little wisdom, sure,</span>
+<span class="i0">For such a grief to seek a cure,</span>
+<span class="i0">That knows no better remedy</span>
+<span class="i0">Than frenzy, death, inconstancy.</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>The hour, the season, the solitude, the voice, and the
+skill of the singer, all conspired to impress the auditors
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">69</a></span>
+with wonder and delight, and they remained for some
+time motionless, in expectation of hearing more; but,
+finding the silence continue, they resolved to see who
+it was who had sung so agreeably, and were again
+detained by the same voice regaling their ears with
+this sonnet:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Friendship, thou hast with nimble flight</span>
+<span class="i0">Exulting gained the empyreal height,</span>
+<span class="i0">In heaven to dwell, while here below</span>
+<span class="i0">Thy semblance reigns in mimic show;</span>
+<span class="i0">From thence to earth, at thy behest,</span>
+<span class="i0">Descends fair peace, celestial guest!</span>
+<span class="i0">Beneath whose veil of shining hue</span>
+<span class="i0">Deceit oft lurks, concealed from view.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Leave, friendship! leave thy heavenly seat,</span>
+<span class="i0">Or strip thy livery off the cheat.</span>
+<span class="i0">If still he wears thy borrowed smiles,</span>
+<span class="i0">And still unwary truth beguiles,</span>
+<span class="i0">Soon must this dark terrestrial ball</span>
+<span class="i0">Into its first confusion fall.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>What is sudden death to a protracted life of anguish?</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"O heavens! have I then at last found a place which may
+afford a secret grave for this wretched body? Yes, if the
+silence of this rocky desert deceive me not, here I may die
+in peace. Ah, woe is me! Here at least I may freely pour
+forth my lamentations to Heaven, and shall be less wretched
+than among men, from whom I should in vain seek counsel,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">70</a></span>
+redress, or consolation."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>One evil produces another, and misfortunes never come
+singly.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>O memory, thou mortal enemy of my repose! wherefore now
+recall to me the incomparable beauty of that adored enemy of
+mine! Were it not better, thou cruel faculty! to represent
+to my imagination her conduct at that period&mdash;that moved by
+so flagrant an injury, I may strive if not to avenge it, at
+least to end this life of pain?</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>For no grievance can harass or drive the afflicted to such
+extremity, while life remains, as to make them shut their
+ears against that counsel which is given with the most
+humane and benevolent intention.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Music lulls the disordered thoughts, and elevates the
+dejected spirits.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>All women, let them be never so homely, are pleased to hear
+themselves celebrated for beauty.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The eyes of love or of idleness are like those of a lynx.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>One mischance invites another, and the end of one misfortunep
+is often the beginning of a worse.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Among friends we ought not to stand upon trifles.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>No man can command the first emotions of his passions.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">71</a></span>
+Every new fault deserves a new penance.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Where is the wonder one devil should be like another?</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Gifts are good after Easter.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A sparrow in the hand is worth more than a bustard on the
+wing.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He that will not when he may, when he would he shall have
+nay.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Men may prove and use their friends, and not presume upon
+their friendship in things contrary to the decrees of
+Heaven.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A man dishonored is worse than dead.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"I have heard it preached," quoth Sancho, "that
+God is to be loved with this kind of love, for Himself
+alone, without our being moved to it by hope of reward
+or fear of punishment; though, for my part, I am inclined
+to love and serve Him for what He is able to do
+for me."</p>
+
+<p>"The devil take thee for a bumpkin," said Don
+Quixote; "thou sayest ever and anon such apt things
+that one would almost think thee a scholar."</p>
+
+<p>"And yet, by my faith," quoth Sancho, "I cannot
+so much as read."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Squires and knight-errants are subject to much hunger and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">72</a></span>
+ill-luck.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A man on whom Heaven has bestowed a beautiful wife should be
+as cautious respecting the friends he introduces at home as
+to her female acquaintance abroad.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>If from equal parts we take equal parts, those that remain
+are equal.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>To attempt voluntarily that which must be productive of evil
+rather than good, is madness and folly. Difficult works are
+undertaken for the sake of Heaven, or of the world, or both:
+the first are such as are performed by the saints while they
+endeavor to live the life of angels in their human frames;
+such as are performed for love of the world are encountered
+by those who navigate the boundless ocean, traverse
+different countries and various climates to acquire what are
+called the goods of fortune. Those who assail hazardous
+enterprises for the sake of both God and man are brave
+soldiers, who no sooner perceive in the enemy's wall a
+breach made by a single cannon-ball, than, regardless of
+danger and full of zeal in the defence of their faith, their
+country, and their king, they rush where death in a thousand
+shapes awaits them. These are difficulties commonly
+attempted, and, though perilous, are glorious and
+profitable.</p>
+
+<hr class="three" />
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;"><span class="smcap">tears of st. peter.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Shame, grief, remorse, in Peter's breast increase,</span>
+<span class="i1">Soon as the blushing morn his crime betrays;</span>
+<span class="i0">When most unseen, then most himself he sees,</span>
+<span class="i1">And with due horror all his soul surveys.</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">73</a></span>
+<span class="i0">For a great spirit needs no censuring eyes</span>
+<span class="i1">To wound his soul, when conscious of a fault;</span>
+<span class="i0">But, self-condemn'd, and e'en self-punished, lies,</span>
+<span class="i1">And dreads no witness like upbraiding Thought.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Expect not, therefore, by concealment, to banish sorrow;
+for, even though you weep not openly, tears of blood will
+flow from your heart. So wept that simple doctor, who,
+according to the poet, would venture to make a trial of the
+cup which the more prudent Rinaldo wisely declined doing;
+and although this be a poetical fiction, there is a
+concealed moral in it worthy to be observed and followed.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There is no jewel in the world so valuable as a chaste and
+virtuous woman. The honor of women consists in the good
+opinion of the world; and since that of your wife is
+eminently good, why would you have it questioned? Woman, my
+friend, is an imperfect creature; and, instead of laying
+stumbling-blocks in her way, we should clear the path before
+her, that she may readily attain that virtue which is
+essential in her. Naturalists inform us that the ermine is a
+little creature with extremely white fur, and that when the
+hunters are in pursuit of it, they spread with mire all the
+passes leading to its haunts, to which they then drive it,
+knowing that it will submit to be taken rather than defile
+itself. The virtuous and modest woman is an ermine, and her
+character whiter than snow; and in order to preserve it, a
+very different method must be taken from that which is used
+with the ermine.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">74</a></span>
+The reputation of a woman may also be compared to a mirror
+of crystal, shining and bright, but liable to be sullied by
+every breath that comes near it. The virtuous woman must be
+treated like a relic&mdash;adored but not handled; she should be
+guarded and prized, like a fine flower-garden, the beauty
+and fragrance of which the owner allows others to enjoy only
+at a distance, and through iron rails.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The devil, when he would entrap a cautious person, assumes
+an angel form till he carries his point, when the cloven
+foot appears.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He who builds on impossibilities should be denied the
+privilege of any other foundation.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Hope is ever born with love.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Castles should not be left without governors, nor armies
+without generals.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The passion of love is to be conquered by flight alone; it
+is vain to contend with a power which, though human,
+requires more than human strength to subdue.</p>
+<hr class="three" />
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">In the dead silence of the peaceful night,</span>
+<span class="i1">When others' cares are hushed in soft repose,</span>
+<span class="i1">The sad account of my neglected woes</span>
+<span class="i0">To conscious Heaven and Chloris I recite.</span>
+<span class="i0">And when the sun, with his returning light,</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">75</a></span>
+<span class="i1">Forth from the east his radiant journey goes,</span>
+<span class="i1">With accents such as sorrow only knows,</span>
+<span class="i0">My griefs to tell is all my poor delight.</span>
+<span class="i0">And when bright Ph&oelig;bus from his starry throne</span>
+<span class="i1">Sends rays direct upon the parched soil,</span>
+<span class="i0">Still in the mournful tale I persevere;</span>
+<span class="i1">Returning night renews my sorrow's toil;</span>
+<span class="i0">And though from morn to night I weep and moan,</span>
+<span class="i0">Nor Heaven nor Chloris my complainings hear.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="three" />
+<p>Are we to take all that enamored poets sing for truth?</p>
+<hr class="three" />
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Believe me, nymph, I feel th' impending blow,</span>
+<span class="i1">And glory in the near approach of death;</span>
+<span class="i1">For when thou see'st my corse devoid of breath,</span>
+<span class="i0">My constancy and truth thou sure wilt know,</span>
+<span class="i0">Welcome to me Oblivion's shade obscure!</span>
+<span class="i1">Welcome the loss of fortune, life, and fame!</span>
+<span class="i1">But thy loved features, and thy honored name,</span>
+<span class="i0">Deep graven on my heart, shall still endure.</span>
+<span class="i0">And these, as sacred relics, will I keep</span>
+<span class="i1">Till that sad moment when to endless night</span>
+<span class="i1">My long-tormented soul shall take her flight</span>
+<span class="i0">Alas for him who on the darkened deep</span>
+<span class="i1">Floats idly, sport of the tempestuous tide,</span>
+<span class="i1">No port to shield him, and no star to guide!</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He who gives freely gives twice.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">76</a></span>
+That which is lightly gained is little valued.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>For love sometimes flies and sometimes walks&mdash;runs with one
+person, and goes leisurely with another: some he warms, and
+some he burns; some he wounds, and others he kills: in one
+and the same instant he forms and accomplishes his projects.
+He often in the morning lays siege to a fortress which in
+the evening surrenders to him&mdash;for no force is able to
+resist him.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Heaven always favors the honest purpose.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Rank is not essential in a wife.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>True nobility consists in virtue.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>It is no derogation to rank to elevate beauty adorned with
+virtue.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Time will discover.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"Certainly, gentlemen, if we rightly consider it,
+those who make knight-errantry their profession often
+meet with surprising and most stupendous adventures.
+For what mortal in the world, at this time entering
+within this castle, and seeing us sit together as we do,
+will imagine and believe us to be the same persons
+which in reality we are? Who is there that can judge
+that this lady by my side is the great queen we all
+know her to be, and that I am that Knight of the Sorrowful
+Figure so universally made known by fame?
+It is, then, no longer to be doubted but that this exercise
+and profession surpasses all others that have been
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">77</a></span>
+invented by man, and is so much the more honorable as
+it is more exposed to dangers. Let none presume to
+tell me that the pen is preferable to the sword. This
+may be ascertained by regarding the end and object
+each of them aims at; for that intention is to be most
+valued which makes the noblest end its object. The
+scope and end of learning, I mean human learning (in
+this place I speak not of divinity, whose aim is to guide
+souls to Heaven, for no other can equal a design so infinite
+as that), is to give a perfection to distribute justice,
+bestowing upon every one his due, and to procure
+and cause good laws to be observed; an end really generous,
+great, and worthy of high commendation, but
+yet not equal to that which knight-errantry tends to,
+whose object and end is peace, which is the greatest
+blessing man can wish for in this life. And, therefore,
+the first good news that the world received was that
+which the angels brought in the night&mdash;the beginning
+of our day&mdash;when they sang in the air, 'Glory to God
+on high, peace on earth, and to men good-will.' And
+the only manner of salutation taught by our great Master
+to His friends and favorites was, that entering any
+house they should say, 'Peace be to this house.' And
+at other times He said to them, 'My peace I give to
+you,' 'My peace I leave to you,' 'Peace be among you.'
+A jewel and legacy worthy of such a donor, a jewel
+so precious that without it there can be no happiness
+either in earth or heaven. This peace is the true end of
+war; for arms and war are one and the same thing. Allowing,
+then, this truth, that the end of war is peace, and
+that in this it excels the end of learning, let us now weigh
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">78</a></span>
+the bodily labors the scholar undergoes against those
+the warrior suffers, and then see which are the greatest.</p>
+
+<p>"These, then, I say, are the sufferings and hardships
+a scholar endures. First, poverty (not that they are all
+poor, but to urge the worst that may be in this case);
+and having said he endures poverty, methinks nothing
+more need be urged to express his misery; for he that
+is poor enjoys no happiness, but labors under this poverty
+in all its parts, at one time in hunger, at another in
+cold, another in nakedness, and sometimes in all of
+them together; yet his poverty is not so great, but still
+he eats, though it be later than the usual hour, and of
+the scraps of the rich; neither can the scholar miss of
+somebody's stove or fireside to sit by; where, though he
+be not thoroughly heated, yet he may gather warmth,
+and at last sleep away the night under a roof. I will
+not touch upon other less material circumstances, as
+the want of linen, and scarcity of shoes, thinness and
+baldness of their clothes, and their surfeiting when
+good fortune throws a feast in their way; this is the
+difficult and uncouth path they tread, often stumbling
+and falling, yet rising again and pushing on, till they
+attain the preferment they aim at; whither being arrived,
+we have seen many of them, who, having been
+carried by a fortunate gale through all these quick-sands,
+from a chair govern the world; their hunger
+being changed into satiety, their cold into comfortable
+warmth, their nakedness into magnificence of apparel,
+and the mats they used to lie upon, into stately beds of
+costly silks and softest linen, a reward due to their virtue.
+But yet their sufferings, being compared to those
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">79</a></span>
+the soldier endures, appear much inferior, as I shall in
+the next place make out."</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote, after a short pause, continued his discourse
+thus:&mdash;"Since, in speaking of the scholar, we
+began with his poverty and its several branches, let us
+see whether the soldier be richer. We shall find that
+poverty itself is not more poor: for he depends on his
+wretched pay, which comes late, and sometimes never;
+or upon what he can pillage, at the imminent risk of
+his life and conscience. Such often is his nakedness
+that his slashed buff-doublet serves him both for finery
+and shirt; and in the midst of winter, on the open
+plain, he has nothing to warm him but the breath of
+his mouth, which, issuing from an empty place, must
+needs be cold. But let us wait, and see whether night
+will make amends for these inconveniences: if his bed be
+too narrow it is his own fault, for he may measure out
+as many feet of earth as he pleases, and roll himself
+thereon at pleasure without fear of rumpling the sheets.
+Suppose the moment arrived of taking his degree&mdash;I
+mean, suppose-the day of battle come: his doctoral cap
+may then be of lint, to cover some gun-shot wound,
+which perhaps has gone through his temples, or deprived
+him of an arm or leg.</p>
+
+<p>"And even suppose that Heaven in its mercy should
+preserve him alive and unhurt, he will probably remain
+as poor as ever; for he must be engaged and victorious
+in many battles before he can expect high promotion;
+and such good fortune happens only by a miracle: for
+you will allow, gentlemen, that few are the number of
+those that have reaped the reward of their services,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">80</a></span>
+compared with those who have perished in war. The
+dead are countless; whereas those who survived to be rewarded
+may be numbered with three figures. Not so
+with scholars, who by their salaries (I will not say
+their perquisites) are generally handsomely provided
+for. Thus the labors of the soldier are greater, although
+his reward is less. It may be said in answer to
+this, that it is easier to reward two thousand scholars
+than thirty thousand soldiers: for scholars are rewarded
+by employments which must of course be given to men
+of their profession; whereas the soldier can only be rewarded
+by the property of the master whom, he serves;
+and this defence serves to strengthen my argument.</p>
+
+<p>"But, waiving this point, let us consider the comparative
+claims to pre-eminence: for the partisans of
+each can bring powerful arguments in support of their
+own cause. It is said in favor of letters that without
+them arms could not subsist; for war must have its
+laws, and laws come within the province of the learned.
+But it may be alleged in reply, that arms are necessary
+to the maintenance of law; by arms the public roads
+are protected, cities guarded, states defended, kingdoms
+preserved, and the seas cleared of corsairs and pirates.
+In short, without arms there would be no safety for
+cities, commonwealths or kingdoms. Besides, it is
+just to estimate a pursuit in proportion to the cost of its
+attainment. Now it is true that eminence in learning
+is purchased by time, watching, hunger, nakedness,
+vertigo, indigestion, and many other inconveniences
+already mentioned; but a man who rises gradually to
+be a good soldier endures all these, and far more. What
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">81</a></span>
+is the hunger and poverty which menace the man of
+letters compared with the situation of the soldier, who,
+besieged in some fortress, and placed as sentinel in
+some ravelin or <i>cavalier</i>, perceives that the enemy is
+mining toward the place where he stands, and yet he
+must on no account stir from his post or shun the imminent
+danger that threatens him? All that he can do
+in such a case is to give notice to his officer of what
+passes, that he may endeavor to counteract it; in the
+meantime he must stand his ground, in momentary expectation
+of being mounted to the clouds without
+wings, and then dashed headlong to the earth. And if
+this be thought but a trifling danger, let us see whether
+it be equalled or exceeded by the encounter of two
+galleys, prow to prow, in the midst of the white
+sea, locked and grappled together, so that there is no
+more room left for the soldier than the two-foot plank
+at the break-head; and though he sees as many threatening
+ministers of death before him as there are pieces
+of artillery pointed at him from the opposite side, not
+the length of a lance from his body; though he knows
+that the first slip of his foot sends him to the bottom of
+the sea; yet, with an undaunted heart, inspired by
+honor, he exposes himself as a mark to all their fire,
+and endeavors by that narrow pass to force his way into
+the enemy's vessel! And, what is most worthy of admiration,
+no sooner is one fallen, never, to rise again in
+this world, than another takes his place; and if he also
+fall into the sea, which lies in wait to devour him, another
+and another succeeds without intermission! In
+all the extremities of war there is no example of courage
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">82</a></span>
+and intrepidity to exceed this. Happy those ages
+which knew not the dreadful fury of artillery!&mdash;those
+instruments of hell (where, I verily believe, the inventor
+is now receiving the reward of his diabolical ingenuity),
+by means of which the cowardly and the base
+can deprive the bravest soldier of life. While a gallant
+spirit animated with heroic ardor is pressing to glory,
+comes a chance ball, sent by one who perhaps fled in
+alarm at the flash of his own accursed weapon, and in
+an instant cuts short the life of him who deserved to
+live for ages! When I consider this, I could almost
+repent having undertaken this profession of knight-errantry
+in so detestable an age; for though no danger
+can daunt me, still it gives me some concern to think
+that powder and lead may suddenly cut short my career
+of glory. But Heaven's will be done! I have this satisfaction,
+that I shall acquire the greater fame if I succeed,
+inasmuch as the perils by which I am beset are
+greater than those to which the knights-errant of past
+ages were exposed."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The army is a school in which the miser becomes
+generous, and the generous prodigal.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A covetous soldier is a monster which is rarely seen.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Liberality may be carried too far in those who have
+children to inherit from them.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>How seldom promises made in slavery are remembered
+after a release from bondage.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">83</a></span>
+Good fortune seldom comes pure and single, unattended
+by some troublesome or unexpected circumstance.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Though we love the treason we abhor the traitor.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>What transport in life can equal that which a man
+feels on the restoration of his liberty?</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"The church, the court, or the sea;" as if it more
+fully expressed the following advice,&mdash;He that would
+make his fortune, ought either to dedicate his time to
+the church, go to sea as a merchant, or attach himself
+to the court: for it is commonly observed, that "the
+king's crumb is worth the baron's batch."<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">5</a></p>
+<hr class="three" />
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet upon the goleta.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O happy souls, by death at length set free</span>
+<span class="i0">From the dark prison of mortality,</span>
+<span class="i0">By glorious deeds, whose memory never dies&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i0">From earth's dim spot exalted to the skies!</span>
+<span class="i0">What fury stood in every eye confessed!</span>
+<span class="i0">What generous ardor fired each manly breast,</span>
+<span class="i0">While slaughtered heaps distained the sandy shore,</span>
+<span class="i0">And the tinged ocean blushed with hostile gore!</span>
+<span class="i0">O'erpowered by numbers, gloriously ye fell:</span>
+<span class="i0">Death only could such matchless courage quell;</span>
+<span class="i0">Whilst dying thus ye triumphed o'er your foes&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i0">Its fame the world, its glory heaven, bestows!</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="three" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">84</a></span></p>
+<p><span style="margin-left: 6em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet on the fort.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">From 'midst these walls, whose ruins spread around,</span>
+<span class="i0">And scattered clods that heap the ensanguined ground,</span>
+<span class="i0">Three thousand souls of warriors, dead in fight,</span>
+<span class="i0">To better regions took their happy flight.</span>
+<span class="i0">Long with unconquered souls they bravely stood,</span>
+<span class="i0">And fearless shed their unavailing blood:</span>
+<span class="i0">Till, to superior force compelled to yield,</span>
+<span class="i0">Their lives they quitted in the well-fought field.</span>
+<span class="i0">This fatal soil has ever been the tomb</span>
+<span class="i0">Of slaughtered heroes, buried in its womb:</span>
+<span class="i0">Yet braver bodies did it ne'er sustain,</span>
+<span class="i0">Nor send more glorious soul the skies to gain.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="three" />
+<p><span style="margin-left: 12em;"><span class="smcap">i.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Tossed in a sea of doubts and fears,</span>
+<span class="i1">Love's hapless mariner, I sail,</span>
+<span class="i0">Where no inviting port appears,</span>
+<span class="i1">To screen me from the stormy gale.</span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 12em;"><span class="smcap">ii.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">At distance viewed, a cheering star</span>
+<span class="i1">Conducts me through the swelling tide;</span>
+<span class="i0">A brighter luminary, far,</span>
+<span class="i1">Than Palinurus o'er descried.</span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 12em;"><span class="smcap">iii.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">My soul, attracted by its blaze,</span>
+<span class="i1">Still follows where it points the way,</span>
+<span class="i0">And while attentively I gaze,</span>
+<span class="i1">Considers not how far I stray.</span>
+</div></div>
+<p><span style="margin-left: 12em;"><span class="smcap">iv.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">85</a></span>
+<span class="i0">But female pride, reserved and shy,</span>
+<span class="i1">Like clouds that deepen on the day,</span>
+<span class="i0">Oft shroud it from my longing eye,</span>
+<span class="i1">When most I need the genial ray.</span>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 12em;"><span class="smcap">v.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O lovely star, so pure and bright!</span>
+<span class="i1">Whose splendor feeds my vital fire,</span>
+<span class="i0">The moment thou deny'st thy light,</span>
+<span class="i1">Thy lost adorer will expire!</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="three" />
+<p><span style="margin-left: 12em;"><span class="smcap">song.</span></span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Unconquered hope, thou bane of fear,</span>
+<span class="i1">And last deserter of the brave,</span>
+<span class="i0">Thou soothing ease of mortal care,</span>
+<span class="i1">Thou traveller beyond the grave;</span>
+<span class="i0">Thou soul of patience, airy food,</span>
+<span class="i0">Bold warrant of a distant good,</span>
+<span class="i1">Reviving cordial, kind decoy;</span>
+<span class="i0">Though fortune frowns and friends depart,</span>
+<span class="i1">Though Silvia flies me, flattering joy,</span>
+<span class="i0">Nor thou, nor love, shall leave my doting heart.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">No slave, to lazy ease resigned,</span>
+<span class="i1">E'er triumphed over noble foes;</span>
+<span class="i0">The monarch fortune most is kind</span>
+<span class="i1">To him who bravely dares oppose.</span>
+<span class="i0">They say, Love rates his blessing high,</span>
+<span class="i0">But who would prize an easy joy?</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">86</a></span>
+<span class="i1">My scornful fair then I'll pursue,</span>
+<span class="i0">Though the coy beauty still denies;</span>
+<span class="i1">I grovel now on earth, 'tis true,</span>
+<span class="i0">But, raised by her, the humble slave may rise.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Might overcomes.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Him to whom God giveth may St. Peter bless.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Diligence is the mother of success, and in many
+important causes experience hath shown that the assiduity
+of the solicitor hath brought a very doubtful suit
+to a very fortunate issue; but the truth of this maxim
+is nowhere more evinced than in war, where activity
+and despatch anticipate the designs of the enemy, and
+obtain the victory before he has time to put himself in
+a posture of defence.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The common adage that delays are dangerous acts as
+spurs upon the resolution.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There are more tricks in the town than are dreamt
+of.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Virtue is always more persecuted by the wicked than
+beloved by the righteous.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Virtue is so powerful that of herself she will, in spite
+of all the necromancy possessed by the first inventor,
+Zoroaster, come off conqueror in every severe trial, and
+shine refulgent in the world, as the sun shines in the
+heavens.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">87</a></span>
+Fables should not be composed to outrage the understanding;
+but by making the wonderful appear possible,
+and creating in the mind a pleasing interest, they may
+both surprise and entertain; which cannot be effected
+where no regard is paid to probability. I have never yet
+found a regular, well-connected fable in any of our books
+of chivalry&mdash;they are all inconsistent and monstrous;
+the style is generally bad; and they abound with incredible
+exploits, lascivious amours, absurd sentiment, and
+miraculous adventures; in short, they should be banished
+every Christian country.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Just are virtue's fears where envy domineers.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Bounty will not stay where niggards bear the sway.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Fortune turns faster than a mill-wheel, and those who
+were yesterday at top, may find themselves at bottom
+to-day.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Every one is the son of his own works.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The mind receives pleasure from the beauty and consistency
+of what is presented to the imagination, not
+from that which is incongruous and unnatural.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Fiction is always the better the nearer it resembles
+truth, and agreeable in proportion to the probability it
+bears and the doubtful credit which it inspires. Wherefore,
+all such fables ought to be suited to the understanding
+of those who read them, and written so as
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">88</a></span>
+that, by softening impossibilities, smoothing what is
+rough, and keeping the mind in suspense, they may surprise,
+agreeably perplex, and entertain, creating equal
+admiration and delight; and these never can be excited
+by authors who forsake probability and imitation, in
+which the perfection of writing consists.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Epics may be written in prose as well as verse.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>To assert that there never was an Amadis in the
+world, nor any other of the knights-adventurers of whom
+so many records remain, is to say that the sun does not
+enlighten, the frost produce cold, nor the earth yield
+sustenance.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The approbation of the judicious few should far outweigh**
+the censure of the ignorant.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>An author had better be applauded by the few that
+are wise, than laughed at by the many that are foolish.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Our modern plays, not only those which are formed
+upon fiction, but likewise such as are founded on the
+truth of history, are all, or the greatest part, universally
+known to be monstrous productions, without either head
+or tail, and yet received with pleasure by the multitude,
+who approve and esteem them as excellent performances,
+though they are far from deserving that title; and if
+the authors who compose, and the actors who represent
+them, affirm that this and no other method is to be practised,
+because the multitude must be pleased; that
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">89</a></span>
+those which bear the marks of contrivance, and produce
+a fable digested according to the rules of art, serve
+only for entertainment to four or five people of taste,
+who discern the beauties of the plan, which utterly escape
+the rest of the audience; and that it is better for
+them to gain a comfortable livelihood by the many, than
+starve upon reputation with the few; at this rate, said
+I, if I should finish my book, after having scorched
+every hair in my whiskers in poring over it, to preserve
+those rules and precepts already mentioned, I
+might fare at last like the sagacious botcher, who sewed
+for nothing and found his customers in thread.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>It is not a sufficient excuse to say that the object in
+permitting theatrical exhibitions being chiefly to provide
+innocent recreation for the people, it is unnecessary
+to limit and restrain the dramatic author within strict
+rules of composition; for I affirm that the same object
+is, beyond all comparison, more effectually attained by
+legitimate works. The spectator of a good drama is
+amused, admonished, and improved by what is diverting,
+affecting, and moral in the representation; he is
+cautioned against deceit, corrected by example, incensed
+against vice, stimulated to the love of virtue.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Comedy, according to Tully, ought to be the mirror
+of life, the exemplar of manners, and picture of truth;
+whereas those that are represented in this age are mirrors
+of absurdity, exemplars of folly, and pictures of
+lewdness; for sure, nothing can be more absurd in a
+dramatic performance, than to see the person, who, in
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">90</a></span>
+the first scene of the first act, was produced a child in
+swaddling-clothes, appear a full-grown man with a
+beard in the second; or to represent an old man active
+and valiant, a young soldier cowardly, a footman eloquent,
+a page a counsellor, a king a porter, and a
+princess a scullion. Then what shall we say concerning
+their management of the time and place in which
+the actions have, or may be supposed to have happened?
+I have seen a comedy, the first act of which was laid
+in Europe, the second in Asia, and the third was finished
+in Africa; nay, had there been a fourth, the
+scene would have shifted to America, so that the fable
+would have travelled through all the four divisions of the
+globe. If imitation be the chief aim of comedy, how
+can any ordinary understanding be satisfied with seeing
+an action that passed in the time of King Pepin
+and Charlemagne, ascribed to the Emperor Heraclius,
+who, being the principal personage, is represented,
+like Godfrey of Boulogne, carrying the cross into Jerusalem,
+and making himself master of the holy sepulchre,
+an infinite number of years having passed
+between the one and the other? Or, when a comedy
+is founded upon fiction, to see scraps of real history
+introduced, and facts misrepresented both with regard
+to persons and times, not with any ingenuity of contrivance,
+but with the most manifest and inexcusable
+errors and stupidity; and what is worst of all, there is
+a set of ignorant pretenders who call this the perfection
+of writing, and that every attempt to succeed
+by a contrary method is no other than a wild-goose
+chase.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">91</a></span>
+The bow cannot remain always bent; and relaxation,
+both of body and mind, is indispensable to all.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Can you deny what is in everybody's mouth, when a
+person is in the dumps? It is always then said, "I
+know not what such a one ails&mdash;he neither eats, nor
+drinks, nor sleeps, nor answers to the purpose, like
+other men&mdash;surely he is enchanted." Wherefore, it
+is clear that such, and such only, are enchanted who
+neither eat, nor drink, nor sleep, and not they who eat
+and drink when they can get it, and answer properly
+to all that is asked them.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The poor man is unable to exercise the virtue of
+liberality; and the gratitude which consists only in
+inclination is a dead thing, even as faith without works
+is dead. I shall, therefore, rejoice when fortune presents
+me with an opportunity of exalting myself, that
+I may show my heart in conferring benefits on my
+friends, especially on poor Sancho Panza here, my
+squire, who is one of the best men in the world; and
+I would fain bestow on him an earldom, as I have long
+since promised; although I am somewhat in doubt of
+his ability in the government of his estate.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Sancho, overhearing his master's last words, said:
+"Take you the trouble, Signor Don Quixote, to procure
+me that same earldom, which your worship has so
+often promised, and I have been so long waiting for,
+and you shall see that I shall not want ability to govern
+it. But even if I should, there are people, I have
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">92</a></span>
+heard say, who farm these lordships; and paying the
+owners so much a year, take upon themselves the government
+of the whole, while his lordship lolls at his
+ease, enjoying his estate, without concerning himself
+any further about it. Just so will I do, and give myself
+no more trouble than needs mast, but enjoy myself
+like any duke, and let the world rub."</p>
+
+<p>"This, brother Sancho," said the canon, "may be
+done, as far as regards the management of your revenue;
+but the administration of justice must be attended
+to by the lord himself, and requires capacity,
+judgment, and, above all, an upright intention, without
+which nothing prospers; for Heaven assists the
+good intent of the simple, and disappoints the evil designs
+of the cunning."</p>
+
+<p>"I do not understand these philosophies," answered
+Sancho; "all that I know is, that I wish I may as
+surely have the earldom as I should know how to govern
+it; for I have as large a soul as another, and as
+large a body as the best of them; and I should be as
+much king of my own dominion as any other king;
+would do what I pleased; and, doing what I pleased, I
+should have my will; and having my will, I should be
+contented; and, being content, there is no more to be
+desired; and when there is no more to desire, there is
+an end of it."</p>
+
+<p>"These are no bad philosophies, as you say, Sancho,"
+quoth the canon; "nevertheless, there is a great deal
+more to be said upon the subject of earldoms."</p>
+
+<p>"That may be," observed Don Quixote; "but I am
+guided by the numerous examples offered on this subject
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">93</a></span>
+by knights of my own profession; who, in compensation
+for the loyal and signal services they had received
+from their squires, conferred upon them extraordinary
+favors, making them absolute lords of cities and islands:
+indeed, there was one whose services were so great that
+he had the presumption to accept of a kingdom. But
+why should I say more, when before me is the bright
+example of the great Amadis de Gaul, who made his
+squire knight of the Firm Island? Surely I may,
+therefore, without scruple of conscience, make an earl
+of Sancho Panza, who is one of the best squires that
+ever served knight-errant."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The mountains breed learned men, and the cottages
+of shepherds contain philosophers.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Upon the news of Don Quixote's arrival, Sancho
+Panza's wife repaired thither, and on meeting him, her
+first inquiry was whether the ass had come home well.</p>
+
+<p>Sancho told her that he was in a better condition than
+his master.</p>
+
+<p>"The Lord be praised," replied she, "for so great a
+mercy to me! But tell me, husband,** what good have
+you got by your squireship? Have you brought a petticoat
+home for me, and shoes for your children?"</p>
+
+<p>"I have brought you nothing of that sort, dear wife,"
+quoth Sancho; "but I have got other things of greater
+consequence."</p>
+
+<p>"I am very glad of that," answered the wife, "pray
+show me your things of greater consequence, friend;
+for I would fain see them, to gladden my heart, which
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">94</a></span>
+has been so sad, all the long time you have been
+away."</p>
+
+<p>"You shall see them at home, wife," quoth Sancho,
+"and be satisfied at present; for if it please God that we
+make another sally in quest of adventures, you will soon
+see me an earl or governor of an island, and no common
+one either, but one of the best that is to be had."</p>
+
+<p>"Grant Heaven it may be so, husband," quoth the
+wife, "for we have need enough of it. But pray tell
+me what you mean by islands; for I do not understand
+you."</p>
+
+<p>"Honey is not for the mouth of an ass," answered
+Sancho: "in good time, wife, you shall see, yea, and
+admire to hear yourself styled ladyship by all your
+vassals."</p>
+
+<p>"What do you mean, Sancho, by ladyship, islands,
+and vassals?" answered Teresa Panza; for that was
+Sancho's wife's name, though they were not of kin, but
+because it is the custom in La Mancha for the wife to
+take the husband's name.</p>
+
+<p>"Be not in so much haste, Teresa, to know all this,"
+said Sancho; "let it suffice that I tell you the truth, and
+sew up your mouth. But for the present know that
+there is nothing in the world so pleasant to an honest
+man, as to be squire to a knight-errant, and seeker of
+adventures. It is true indeed, most of them are not so
+much to a man's mind as he could wish; for ninety-nine
+of a hundred one meets with fall out cross and
+unlucky. This I know by experience; for I have sometimes
+come off tossed in a blanket, and sometimes well
+cudgelled. Yet, for all that, it is a fine thing to be in expectation
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">95</a></span>
+of accidents, traversing mountains, searching
+woods, marching over rocks, visiting castles, lodging in
+inns, all at discretion, and the devil a farthing to pay."</p>
+
+<p>Fame has preserved in the memoirs of La Mancha,
+that Don Quixote, the third time he sallied from home,
+went to Saragossa, where he was present at a famous
+tournament in that city, and that there befell him things
+worthy of his valor and good understanding. Nor would
+the chronicler have learned any thing concerning his death
+had he not fortunately become acquainted with an aged
+physician, who had in his custody a leaden box, found,
+as he said, under the ruins of an ancient hermitage then
+rebuilding: in which box was found a manuscript of
+parchment written in Gothic characters, but in Castilian
+verse, containing many of his exploits, and giving an
+account of the beauty of Dulcinea del Toboso, the figure
+of Rozinante, the fidelity of Sancho Panza, and the
+burial of Don Quixote himself, with several epitaphs
+and eulogies on his life and manners. All that could
+be read, and perfectly made out, were those inserted
+here by the faithful author of this strange and never-before-seen
+history; which author desires no other reward
+from those who shall read it, in recompense of the
+vast pains it has cost him to inquire into and search all
+the archives of La Mancha to bring it to light, but that
+they would afford him the same credit that ingenious
+people give to books of knight-errantry, which are so
+well received in the world; and herewith he will reckon
+himself well paid, and will rest satisfied; and will moreover
+be encouraged to seek and find out others, if not
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">96</a></span>
+as true, at least of as much invention and entertainment.
+The first words, written in the parchment which
+was found in the leaden box, were these:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="center2"><span class="smcap">The Academicians of Argamasilla,<br />
+A Town of la Mancha,<br />
+On the Life and Death of the Valorous<br />
+Don Quixote de la Mancha,<br />
+Hoc scripserunt.</span></div>
+
+<hr class="hr" />
+<div class="center2"><small><i>Monicongo, Academician of Argamasilla, on the Sepulture of
+Don Quixote.</i></small></div>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">epitaph.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">La Mancha's thunderbolt of war,</span>
+<span class="i1">The sharpest wit and loftiest muse,</span>
+<span class="i0">The arm which from Ga&euml;ta far</span>
+<span class="i1">To Catai did its force diffuse;</span>
+<span class="i0">He who, through love and valor's fire,</span>
+<span class="i1">Outstripped great Amadis's fame</span>
+<span class="i0">Bid warlike Galaor retire,</span>
+<span class="i1">And silenced Belianis' name:</span>
+<span class="i0">He who, with helmet, sword, and shield,</span>
+<span class="i1">On Rozinante, steed well known,</span>
+<span class="i0">Adventures fought in many a field,</span>
+<span class="i1">Lies underneath this frozen stone.</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><small><i>Paniaguado, Academician of Argamasilla, in praise of Dulcinea
+Del Toboso.</i></small></div>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">She whom you see the plump and lusty dame,</span>
+<span class="i1">With high erected chest and vigorous mien,</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">97</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Was erst th' enamored knight Don Quixote's flame,</span>
+<span class="i1">he fair Dulcinea, of Toboso, queen.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">For her, armed cap-&agrave;-pie with sword and shield,</span>
+<span class="i1">He trod the sable mountain o'er and o'er;</span>
+<span class="i0">For her he traversed Montiel's well-known field,</span>
+<span class="i1">And in her service toils unnumbered bore.</span>
+<span class="i0">Hard fate! that death should crop so fine a flower!</span>
+<span class="i0">And love o'er such a knight exert his tyrant power!</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><small><i>Caprichoso, a most ingenious Academician of Argamasilla, in
+praise of Don Quixote's Horse Rozinante.</i></small></div>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">On the aspiring adamantine trunk</span>
+<span class="i0">Of a huge tree, whose root, with slaughter drunk</span>
+<span class="i0">Sends forth a scent of war, La Mancha's knight,</span>
+<span class="i0">Frantic with valor, and returned from fight,</span>
+<span class="i0">His bloody standard trembling in the air,</span>
+<span class="i0">Hangs up his glittering armor beaming far,</span>
+<span class="i0">With that fine-tempered steel whose edge o'erthrows,</span>
+<span class="i0">Hacks, hews, confounds, and routs opposing foes.</span>
+<span class="i0">Unheard-of prowess! and unheard-of verse!</span>
+<span class="i0">But art new strains invents, new glories to rehearse.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">If Amadis to Grecia gives renown,</span>
+<span class="i0">Much more her chief does fierce Bellona crown.</span>
+<span class="i0">Prizing La Mancha more than Gaul or Greece,</span>
+<span class="i0">As Quixote triumphs over Amadis.</span>
+<span class="i0">Oblivion ne'er shall shroud his glorious name,</span>
+<span class="i0">Whose very horse stands up to challenge fame!</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">98</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Illustrious Rozinante, wondrous steed!</span>
+<span class="i0">Not with more generous pride or mettled speed,</span>
+<span class="i0">Or his mad lord, Orlando's Brilladore.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><small><i>Burlador, the little Academician of Argamasilla, on Sancho Panza.</i></small></div>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">See Sancho Panza, view him well,</span>
+<span class="i0">And let this verse his praises tell.</span>
+<span class="i0">His body was but small, 'tis true,</span>
+<span class="i0">Yet had a soul as large as two.</span>
+<span class="i0">No guile he knew, like some before him</span>
+<span class="i0">But simple as his mother bore him.</span>
+<span class="i0">This gentle squire on gentle ass</span>
+<span class="i0">Went gentle Rozinante's pace,</span>
+<span class="i0">Following his lord from place to place.</span>
+<span class="i0">To be an earl he did aspire,</span>
+<span class="i0">And reason good for such desire;</span>
+<span class="i0">But worth in these ungrateful times,</span>
+<span class="i0">To envied honor seldom climbs.</span>
+<span class="i0">Vain mortals! give your wishes o'er,</span>
+<span class="i0">And trust the flatterer Hope no more,</span>
+<span class="i0">Whose promises, whate'er they seem,</span>
+<span class="i0">End in a shadow or a dream.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><small><i>Cachidiablo, Academician of Argamasilla, on the Sepulture of
+Don Quixote.</i></small></div>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">epitaph.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Here lies an evil-errant knight,</span>
+<span class="i1">Well bruised in many a fray,</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">99</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Whose courser, Rozinante hight,</span>
+<span class="i1">Long bore him many a way.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Close by his loving master's side</span>
+<span class="i1">Lies booby Sancho Panza,</span>
+<span class="i0">A trusty squire of courage tried,</span>
+<span class="i1">And true as ever man saw.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr class="two" />
+
+<div class="center"><small><i>Tiquitoc, Academician of Argamasilla, on the sepulture of Dulcinea
+del Toboso.</i></small></div>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Dulcinea, fat and fleshy, lies</span>
+<span class="i1">Beneath this frozen stone;</span>
+<span class="i0">But, since to frightful death a prize,</span>
+<span class="i1">Reduced to skin and bone.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Of goodly parentage she came,</span>
+<span class="i1">And had the lady in her;</span>
+<span class="i0">She was the great Don Quixote's flame,</span>
+<span class="i1">But only death could win her.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>These were all the verses that could be read: the rest,
+the characters being worm-eaten, were consigned to one
+of the Academicians, to find out their meaning by conjectures.
+We are informed he has done it, after many
+lucubrations and much pains, and that he designs to
+publish them, giving us hopes of Don Quixote's third
+sally.</p>
+
+<div class="center2">"Forsi altro cantara con miglior plectro."</div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The noble mind may be clouded by adversity, but
+cannot be wholly concealed; for true merit shines by a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">100</a></span>
+light of its own, and, glimmering through the rents
+and crannies of indigence, is perceived, respected, and
+honored by the generous and the great.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">a short story of what happened once in
+seville.</span></div>
+
+<p>A certain man, being deranged in his intellects,
+was placed by his relations in the mad-house of Seville.
+He had taken his degrees in the canon law at Ossuna;
+but had it been at Salamanca, many are of opinion he
+would, nevertheless, have been mad. This graduate,
+after some years' confinement, took into his head that
+he was quite in his right senses, and therefore wrote
+to the archbishop, beseeching him, with great earnestness
+and apparently with much reason, that he would
+be pleased to deliver him from that miserable state of
+confinement in which he lived; since, through the
+mercy of God, he had regained his senses; adding that
+his relations, in order to enjoy part of his estate, kept
+him still there, and, in spite of the clearest evidence,
+would insist upon his being mad as long as he lived.</p>
+
+<p>The archbishop, prevailed upon by the many sensible
+epistles he received from him, sent one of his chaplains
+to the keeper of the mad-house to inquire into the
+truth of what the licentiate had alleged, and also to
+talk with him, and if it appeared that he was in his
+senses, to set him at liberty. The chaplain accordingly
+went to the rector, who assured him that the man
+was still insane, for though he sometimes talked very
+sensibly, it was seldom for any length of time without
+betraying his derangement; as he would certainly find
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">101</a></span>
+on conversing with him. The chaplain determined to
+make the trial, and during the conversation of more
+than an hour, could perceive no symptom of incoherence
+in his discourse; on the contrary, he spoke with
+so much sedateness and judgment that the chaplain
+could not entertain a doubt of the sanity of his intellects.
+Among other things he assured him that the
+keeper was bribed by his relations to persist in reporting
+him to be deranged; so that his large estate was
+his great misfortune, to enjoy which his enemies had
+recourse to fraud, and pretended to doubt of the
+mercy of Heaven in restoring him from the condition
+of a brute to that of a man. In short, he talked so
+plausibly that he made the rector appear venal and
+corrupt, his relations unnatural, and himself so discreet
+that the chaplain determined to take him immediately
+to the archbishop, that he might be satisfied he
+had done right.</p>
+
+<p>With this resolution the good chaplain desired the
+keeper of the house to restore to him the clothes which he
+wore when he was first put under his care. The keeper
+again desired him to beware what he did, since he
+might be assured that the licentiate was still insane;
+but the chaplain was not to be moved either by his cautions
+or entreaties; and as he acted by order of the
+archbishop, the keeper was compelled to obey him.
+The licentiate put on his new clothes, and now, finding
+himself rid of his lunatic attire, and habited like a
+rational creature, he entreated the chaplain, for charity's
+sake, to permit him to take leave of his late companions
+in affliction. Being desirous of seeing the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">102</a></span>
+lunatics who were confined in that house, the chaplain,
+with several other persons, followed him upstairs, and
+heard him accost a man who lay stretched in his cell
+outrageously mad; though just then composed and
+quiet. "Brother," said he to him, "have you any
+commands for me? for I am going to return to my own
+house, God having been pleased, of His infinite goodness
+and mercy, without any desert of mine, to restore
+me to my senses. I am now sound and well, for with
+God nothing is impossible; put your whole trust and
+confidence in Him, and he will doubtless restore you
+also. I will take care to send you some choice food;
+and fail not to eat it: for I have reason to believe,
+from my own experience, that all our distraction proceeds
+from empty stomachs, and brains filled with
+wind. Take heart, then, my friend, take heart; for
+despondence under misfortune impairs our health, and
+hastens our death."</p>
+
+<p>This discourse was overheard by another madman,
+who was in an opposite cell; and raising himself up
+from an old mat, whereon he had thrown himself stark
+naked, he demanded aloud, who it was that was going
+away recovered and in his senses.</p>
+
+<p>"It is I, brother," answered the licentiate, "that am
+going; for I need stay no longer here, and am infinitely
+thankful to heaven for having bestowed so great a blessing
+upon me."</p>
+
+<p>"Take heed, licentiate, what you say, let not the devil
+delude you," replied the madman; "stir not a foot, but
+keep where you are, and you will spare yourself the
+trouble of being brought back."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">103</a></span>
+"I know," replied the licentiate, "that I am perfectly
+well, and shall have no more occasion to visit the
+station churches."<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">6</a></p>
+
+<p>"You well?" said the madman; "we shall soon see
+that; farewell! but I swear by Jupiter, whose majesty
+I represent on earth, that for this offence alone, which
+Seville is now committing, in carrying you out of this
+house, and judging you to be in your senses, I am determined
+to inflict such a signal punishment on this
+city, that the memory thereof shall endure for ever and
+ever, Amen. Know you not, little crazed licentiate,
+that I can do it, since, as I say, I am thundering
+Jupiter, who hold in my hands the flaming bolts, with
+which I can, and use, to threaten and destroy the
+world? But in one thing only will I chastise this ignorant
+people; and that is, there shall no rain fall on
+this town, or in all its district, for three whole years,
+reckoning from the day and hour in which this threatening
+is denounced. You at liberty, you recovered,
+and in your right senses! and I a madman, I distempered
+and in bonds! I will no more rain than I will
+hang myself."</p>
+
+<p>All the bystanders were very attentive to the madman's
+discourse: but our licentiate, turning himself
+to our chaplain, and holding him by both hands, said
+to him: "Be in no pain, good sir, nor make any
+account of what this madman has said; for, if he is
+Jupiter and will not rain, I, who am Neptune, the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">104</a></span>
+father and the god of the waters, will rain as often as I
+please, and whenever there shall be occasion." To
+which the chaplain answered: "However, signor Neptune,
+it will not be convenient at present to provoke
+signor Jupiter; therefore, pray stay where you are;
+for, some other time, when we have a better opportunity
+and more leisure, we will come for you." The rector
+and the bystanders laughed; which put the chaplain
+half out of countenance. They disrobed the licentiate,
+who remained where he was; and there is an end of
+the story.</p>
+
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>True valor lies in the middle, between the extremes of
+cowardice and rashness.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>No padlocks, bolts, or bars can secure a maiden so well as
+her own reserve.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Honey is not for the mouth of an ass.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He must be blind, indeed, who cannot see through a sieve.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Comparisons, whether as to sense, courage, beauty, or rank,
+are always offensive.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Scruples of conscience afford no peace.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>You have reckoned without your host.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>When the head aches, all the members ache also.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">105</a></span>
+<i>Me pondra en la espina de Santa Lucia</i>;&mdash;<i>i. e.</i>, Will put
+me on St. Lucia's thorn; applicable to any uneasy situation.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Let every man lay his hand upon his heart, and not take
+white for black, nor black for white; for we are all as God
+made us, and oftentimes a great deal worse.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"First and foremost, then," said Sancho, "the common
+people take your worship for a downright madman,
+and me for no less a fool. The gentry say that, not
+content to keep to your own proper rank of a gentleman,
+you call yourself Don, and set up for a knight,
+with no more than a paltry vineyard and a couple of
+acres of land. The cavaliers say they do not choose to
+be vied with by those country squires who clout their
+shoes, and take up the fallen stitches of their black
+stockings with green silk."</p>
+
+<p>"That," said Don Quixote, "is no reflection upon
+me; for I always go well clad, and my apparel is never
+patched; a little torn it may be, but more by the fretting
+of my armor than by time."</p>
+
+<p>"As to your valor, courtesy, achievements, and undertakings,"
+continued Sancho, "there are many different
+opinions. Some say you are mad, but humorous;
+others, valiant, but unfortunate; others, courteous, but
+absurd; and thus they pull us to pieces, till they leave
+neither your worship nor me a single feather upon our
+backs."</p>
+
+<p>"Take notice, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "that,
+when virtue exists in an eminent degree, it is always
+persecuted."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">106</a></span>
+"There cannot be a more legitimate source of gratification
+to a virtuous and distinguished man," said Don
+Quixote, "than to have his good name celebrated during
+his lifetime, and circulated over different nations;
+I say his good name, for if it were otherwise than good,
+death in any shape would be preferable."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>To be represented otherwise than with approbation is worse
+than the worst of deaths.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There are as many different opinions as there are different
+tastes.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><i>Pedir cotufas en el golfo</i>, signifies to look for truffles
+in the sea, a proverb applicable to those who are too
+sanguine in their expectations and unreasonable in their
+desires.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"There is no necessity for recording actions which are
+prejudicial to the hero, without being essential to the
+history. It is not to be supposed that Æneas was in all his
+actions so pure as Virgil represents him, nor Ulysses so
+uniformly prudent as he is described by Homer."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"True," replied Sampson; "but it is one thing to
+write as a poet, and another to write as an historian.
+The poet may say or sing, not as things were, but as
+they ought to have been; but the historian must pen
+them not as they ought to have been, but as they really
+were, without adding to or diminishing aught from the
+truth."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">107</a></span>
+There is no human history that, does not contain reverses of
+fortune.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Let every man take care how he speaks or writes of honest
+people, and not set down at a venture the first thing that
+comes uppermost.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"Sancho, thou art an arch rogue," replied Don Quixote,
+"and in faith, upon some occasions, hast no want
+of memory."</p>
+
+<p>"Though I wanted ever so much to forget what my
+poor body has suffered," quoth Sancho, "the tokens
+that are still fresh on my ribs would not let me."</p>
+
+<p>"Peace, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and let signor
+bachelor proceed, that I may know what is further said
+of me in the history."</p>
+
+<p>"And of me too," quoth Sancho, "for I hear that I
+am one of the principal parsons in it."</p>
+
+<p>"Persons, not parsons, friend Sancho," quoth
+Sampson.</p>
+
+<p>"What, have we another corrector of words?" quoth
+Sancho; "if we are to go on at this rate, we shall make
+slow work of it."</p>
+
+<p>"As sure as I live, Sancho," answered the bachelor,
+"you are the second person of the history; nay, there
+are those who had rather hear you talk than the finest
+fellow of them all; though there are also some who
+charge you with being too credulous in expecting the
+government of that island promised you by Signor Don
+Quixote, here present."</p>
+
+<p>"There is still sunshine on the wall," quoth Don
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">108</a></span>
+Quixote; "and when Sancho is more advanced in age,
+with the experience that years bestow, he will be better
+qualified to be a governor than he is at present."</p>
+
+<p>"'Fore Gad! sir," quoth Sancho, "if I am not fit
+to govern an island at these years, I shall be no better,
+able at the age of Methusalem. The mischief of it is,
+that the said island sticks somewhere else, and not in
+my want of a headpiece to govern it."</p>
+
+<p>"Recommend the matter to God, Sancho," said Don
+Quixote, "and all will be well&mdash;perhaps better than
+thou mayst think; for not a leaf stirs on the tree without
+his permission."</p>
+
+<p>"That is very true," quoth Sampson; "and if it
+please God, Sancho will not want a thousand islands to
+govern, much less one."</p>
+
+<p>"I have seen governors ere now," quoth Sancho,
+"who, in my opinion, do not come up to the sole of my
+shoe; and yet they are called 'your lordship,' and eat
+their victuals upon plate."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>With hay or with straw it is all the same.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Much knowledge and a mature understanding are requisite for
+an historian.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Wit and humor belong to genius alone.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The wittiest person in the comedy is he that plays the fool.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>History is a sacred subject, because the soul of it is
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">109</a></span>
+truth; and where truth is, there the divinity will reside;
+yet there are some who compose and cast off books as if they
+were tossing up a dish of pancakes.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There is no book so bad but something good may be
+found in it.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Printed works may be read leisurely, their defects
+easily seen, so they are scrutinized more or less strictly
+in proportion to the celebrity of the author.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"Men of great talents, whether poets or historians,
+seldom escape the attacks of those who, without ever
+favoring the world with any production of their own,
+take delight in criticising the works of others."</p>
+
+<p>"Nor can we wonder at that," said Don Quixote,
+"when we observe the same practice among divines,
+who, though dull enough in the pulpit themselves, are
+wonderfully sharp-sighted in discovering the defects of
+other preachers."</p>
+
+<p>"True, indeed, Signor Don Quixote," said Carrasco;
+"I wish critics would be less fastidious, nor dwell so
+much upon the motes which may be discerned even in
+the brightest works; for, though <i>aliquando bonus dormitat
+Homerus</i>, they ought to consider how much he was
+awake to produce a work with so much light and so
+little shade; nay, perhaps even his seeming blemishes
+are like moles, which are sometimes thought to be
+rather an improvement to beauty. But it cannot be
+denied that whoever publishes a book to the world, exposes
+himself to imminent peril, since, of all things,
+nothing is more impossible than to satisfy everybody.
+Above all, I would let my master know that, if he takes
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">110</a></span>
+me with him, it must be upon condition that he shall
+battle it all himself, and that I shall only have to tend
+his person&mdash;I mean, look after his clothes and food;
+all which I will do with a hearty good-will; but if he
+expects I will lay hand to my sword, though it be only
+against beggarly wood-cutters with hooks and hatchets,
+he is very much mistaken. I, Signor Sampson, do not
+set up for being the most valiant, but the best and most
+faithful squire that ever served knight-errant; and if
+my lord Don Quixote, in consideration of my many and
+good services, shall please to bestow on me some one
+of the many islands his worship says he shall light upon,
+I shall be much beholden to him for the favor; and if
+he give me none, here I am, and it is better to trust
+God than each other; and mayhap my government
+bread might not go down so sweet as that which I
+should eat without it; and how? do I know but the devil,
+in one of these governments, might set up a stumbling-block
+in my way, over which I might fall, and dash out
+my grinders? Sancho I was born, and Sancho I expect
+to die; yet for all that, if, fairly and squarely, without
+much care or much risk, Heaven should chance to throw
+an island, or some such thing, in my way, I am not
+such a fool neither as to refuse it; for, as the saying
+is, 'when the heifer is offered, be ready with the rope.'"</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>When good fortune knocks, make haste to bid her
+welcome.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"Brother Sancho," quoth the bachelor, "you have
+spoken like any professor; nevertheless, trust in Heaven
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">111</a></span>
+and Signor Don Quixote, and then you may get not
+only an island but even a kingdom."</p>
+
+<p>"One as likely as the other," answered Sancho,
+"though I could tell Signor Carrasco that my master
+will not throw the kingdom he gives me into a rotten
+sack; for I have felt my pulse, and find myself strong
+enough to rule kingdoms and govern islands; and so
+much I have signified before now to my master."</p>
+
+<p>"Take heed, Sancho," quoth the bachelor, "for
+honors change manners; and it may come to pass,
+when you are a governor, that you may not know even
+your own mother."</p>
+
+<p>"That," answered Sancho, "may be the case with
+those that are born among the mallows, but not with
+one whose soul, like mine, is covered four inches thick
+with the grace of an old Christian. No, no, I am not
+one of the ungrateful sort."</p>
+
+<p>"Heaven grant it," said Don Quixote; "but we
+shall see when the government comes, and methinks
+I have it already in my eye."</p>
+
+<p>Sancho went home in such high spirits that his wife
+observed his gayety a bow-shot off, insomuch that she
+could not help saying, "What makes you look so
+blithe, friend Sancho?"</p>
+
+<p>To which he answered: "Would to Heaven, dear
+wife, I were not so well pleased as I seem to be!"</p>
+
+<p>"I know not what you mean, husband," replied she,
+"by saying you wish you were not so much pleased;
+now, silly as I am, I cannot guess how any one can
+desire not to be pleased."</p>
+
+<p>"Look you, Teresa," answered Sancho, "I am thus
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">112</a></span>
+merry because I am about to return to the service of
+my master, Don Quixote, who is going again in search
+after adventures, and I am to accompany him, for so
+my fate wills it. Besides, I am merry with the hopes
+of finding another hundred crowns like those we have
+spent, though it grieves me to part from you and my
+children; and if Heaven would be pleased to give me
+bread, dryshod and at home, without dragging me over
+crags and cross-paths, it is plain that my joy would be
+better grounded, since it is now mingled with sorrow
+for leaving you; so that I was right in saying that I
+should be glad if it pleased Heaven I were not so Well
+pleased."</p>
+
+<p>"Look you, Sancho," replied Teresa, "ever since
+you have been a knight-errant man you talk in such a
+roundabout manner that nobody can understand you."</p>
+
+<p>"It is enough, wife," said Sancho, "that God understands
+me, for He is the understander of all things;
+and so much for that. And do you hear, wife, it behooves
+you to take special care of Dapple for these
+three or four days to come, that he may be in a condition
+to bear arms; so double his allowance, and get the
+pack-saddle in order and the rest of his tackling, for
+we are not going to a wedding, but to roam about the
+world and to give and take with giants, fiery dragons,
+and goblins, and to hear hissings, roarings, bellowings,
+and bleatings, all which would be but flowers of lavender
+if we had not to do with Yangueses and enchanted
+Moors."</p>
+
+<p>"I believe, indeed, husband," replied Teresa, "that
+your squires-errant do not eat their bread for nothing,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">113</a></span>
+and therefore I shall not fail to beseech Heaven to deliver
+you speedily from so much evil hap."</p>
+
+<p>"I tell you, wife," answered Sancho, "that did I
+not expect, ere long, to see myself governor of an island,
+I vow I should drop down dead upon the spot."</p>
+
+<p>"Not so, good husband," quoth Teresa, "let the hen
+live, though it be with the pip. Do you live, and the
+devil take all the governments in the world! Without
+a government you came into the world, without a government
+you have lived till now, and without it you can
+be carried to your grave whenever it shall please God.
+How many folks are there in the world that have no
+government! and yet they live and are reckoned among
+the people. The best sauce in the world is hunger, and
+as that is never wanting to the poor, they always eat
+with a relish. But if, perchance, Sancho, you should
+get a government, do not forget me and your children.
+Consider that your son Sancho is just fifteen years old,
+and it is fit he should go to school if his uncle the abbot
+means to breed him up to the church. Consider, also,
+that Mary Sancha, your daughter, will not break her
+heart if we marry her; for I am mistaken if she has
+not as much mind to a husband as you have to a government.
+And verily say I, better a daughter but
+humbly married than highly kept."</p>
+
+<p>"In good faith, dear wife," said Sancho, "if Heaven
+be so good to me that I get anything like a government,
+I will match Mary Sancha so highly that there will be
+no coming near her without calling her your ladyship."</p>
+
+<p>"Not so, Sancho," answered Teresa, "the best way
+is to marry her to her equal; for if you lift her from
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">114</a></span>
+clouted shoes to high heels, and instead of her russet
+coat of fourteenpenny stuff, give her a farthingale and
+petticoats of silk, and instead of plain Molly and thou
+she be called madam and your ladyship, the girl will
+not know where she is and will fall into a thousand
+mistakes at every step, showing her homespun country
+stuff."</p>
+
+<p>"Peace, fool!" quoth Sancho, "she has only to
+practise two or three years and the gravity will set
+upon her as if it were made for her; and if not, what
+matters it? Let her be a lady, and come of it what
+will."</p>
+
+<p>"Measure yourself by your condition, Sancho,"
+answered Teresa, "and do not seek to raise yourself
+higher, but remember the proverb, 'Wipe your neighbor's
+son's nose and take him into your house.' It
+would be a pretty business, truly, to marry our Mary
+to some great count or knight, who, when the fancy
+takes him, would look upon her as some strange thing,
+and be calling her country-wench, clod-breaker's brat,
+and I know not what else. No, not while I live, husband;
+I have not brought up my child to be so used.
+Do you provide money, Sancho, and leave the matching
+of her to my care; for there is Lope Tocho, John
+Tocho's son, a lusty, hale young man, whom we know,
+and I am sure he has a sneaking kindness for the girl.
+To him she will be very well married, considering he is
+our equal, and will be always under our eye; and we
+shall be all as one, parents and children, grandsons and
+sons-in-law, and so the peace and blessing of Heaven
+will be among us all; and do not you be for marrying
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">115</a></span>
+her at your courts and great palaces, where they will
+neither understand her nor she understand herself."</p>
+
+<p>"Hark you, beast, and wife for Barabbas," replied
+Sancho, "why would you now, without rhyme or reason,
+hinder me from marrying my daughter with one
+who may bring me grandchildren that may be styled
+your lordships? Look you, Teresa, I have always
+heard my betters say, 'He that will not when he may,
+when he will he shall have nay'; and it would be wrong,
+now that fortune is knocking at our door, not to open
+it and bid her welcome. Let us spread our sail to the
+favorable gale, now that it blows.' ... Can't you perceive,
+animal, with half an eye," proceeded Sancho,
+"that I shall act wisely, in devoting this body of mine
+to some beneficial government that will lift us out of
+the dirt, and enable me to match Mary Sancha according
+to my own good pleasure; then wilt thou hear thyself
+called Donna Teresa Panza, and find thyself seated
+at church upon carpets, cushions, and tapestry, in despite
+and defiance of all the small gentry in the parish;
+and not be always in the same moping circumstances,
+without increase or diminution, like a picture in the
+hangings. But no more of this; Sanchica shall be a
+countess, though thou shouldst cry thy heart out."</p>
+
+<p>"Look before you leap, husband," answered Teresa;
+"after all, I wish to God this quality of my daughter
+may not be the cause of her perdition; take your own
+way, and make her duchess or princess, or what you
+please; but I'll assure you it shall never be with my
+consent or good-will; I was always a lover of equality,
+my dear, and can't bear to see people hold their heads
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">116</a></span>
+high without reason. Teresa was I christened, a bare
+and simple name, without the addition, garniture, and
+embroidery of Don or Donna; my father's name is
+Cascajo, and mine, as being your spouse, Teresa Panza,
+though by rights I should be called Teresa Cascajo; but
+as the king minds, the law binds; and with that name
+am I contented, though it be not burdened with a Don,
+which weighs so heavy that I should not be able to bear
+it. Neither will I put it in the power of those who see
+me dressed like a countess or governor's lady, to say:
+'Mind Mrs. Porkfeeder, how proud she looks! it was
+but yesterday she toiled hard at the distaff, and went to
+mass with the tail of her gown about her head, instead
+of a veil; but now, forsooth, she has got her fine farthingales
+and jewels, and holds up her head as if we
+did not know her.' If God preserves me in my seven
+or five senses, or as many as they be, I shall never bring
+myself into such a quandary. As for your part, spouse,
+you may go to your governments and islands, and be as
+proud as a peacock; but as for my daughter and me,
+by the life of my father! we will not stir one step from
+the village; for, the wife that deserves a good name,
+stays at home as if she were lame; and the maid must
+be still a-doing, that hopes to see the men come awooing."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He that covers, discovers.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The poor man is scarcely looked at, while every eye
+is turned upon the rich; and if the poor man grows
+rich and great, then I warrant you there is work enough
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">117</a></span>
+for your grumblers and backbiters, who swarm everywhere
+like bees.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"The first time, he was brought home to us laid
+athwart an ass, all battered and bruised. The second
+time he returned in an ox-wagon, locked up in a cage,
+and so changed, poor soul, that his own mother would not
+have known him; so feeble, wan, and withered, and his
+eyes sunk into the farthest corner of his brains, insomuch
+that it took me above six hundred eggs to get him
+a little up again, as Heaven and the world is my witness,
+and my hens, that will not let me lie."</p>
+
+<p>"I can easily believe that," answered the bachelor;
+"for your hens are too well bred and fed to say one
+thing and mean another."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>All objects present to the view exist, and are impressed
+upon the imagination with much greater energy and
+force, than those which we only remember to have seen.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>When we see any person finely dressed, and set off
+with rich apparel and with a train of servants, we are
+moved to show him respect; for, though we cannot but
+remember certain scurvy matters either of poverty or
+parentage, that formerly belonged to him, but which
+being long gone by are almost forgotten, we only think
+of what we see before our eyes. And if, as the preacher
+said, the person so raised by good luck, from nothing,
+as it were, to the tip-top of prosperity, be well behaved,
+generous, and civil, and gives himself no ridiculous
+airs, pretending to vie with the old nobility, take my
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">118</a></span>
+word for it, Teresa, nobody will twit him with what he
+was, but will respect him for what he is; except, indeed
+the envious, who hate every man's good luck.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>People are always ready enough to lend their money
+to governors.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Clothe the boy so that he may look not like what he
+is, but what he may be.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>To this burden women are born, they must obey their
+husbands if they are ever such blockheads.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He that's coy when fortune's kind, may after seek but
+never find.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>All knights cannot be courtiers, neither can all courtiers
+be knights.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The courtier knight travels only on a map, without
+fatigue or expense; he neither suffers heat nor cold,
+hunger nor thirst; while the true knight-errant explores
+every quarter of the habitable world, and is by
+night and day, on foot or on horseback, exposed to all
+the vicissitudes of the weather.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>All are not affable and well-bred; on the contrary,
+some there are extremely brutal and impolite. All
+those who call themselves knights, are not entitled to
+that distinction; some being of pure gold, and others
+of baser metal, notwithstanding the denomination
+they assume. But these last cannot stand the touch-stone
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">119</a></span>
+of truth; there are mean plebeians, who sweat
+and struggle to maintain the appearance of gentlemen;
+and, on the other hand, there are gentlemen of
+rank who seem industrious to appear mean and degenerate;
+the one sort raise themselves either by ambition
+or virtue, while the other abase themselves by viciousness
+or sloth; so that we must avail ourselves of our
+understanding and discernment in distinguishing those
+persons, who, though they bear the same appellation, are
+yet so different in point of character. All the genealogies
+in the world may be reduced to four kinds. The
+first are those families who from a low beginning have
+raised and extended themselves, until they have
+reached the highest pinnacle of human greatness; the
+second are those of high extraction, who have preserved
+their original dignity; the third sort are those who,
+from a great foundation, have gradually dwindled, until,
+like a pyramid, they terminate in a small point.
+The last, which are the most numerous class, are those
+who have begun and continue low, and who must end
+the same.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Genealogies are involved in endless confusion, and
+those only are illustrious and great who are distinguished
+by their virtue and liberality, as well as their riches;
+for the great man who is vicious is only a great sinner,
+and the rich man who wants liberality is but a miserly
+pauper.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The gratification which wealth can bestow is not in
+mere possession, nor in lavishing it with prodigality,
+but in the wise application of it.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">120</a></span>
+The poor knight can only manifest his rank by his
+virtues and general conduct. He must be well-bred,
+courteous, kind, and obliging; not proud nor arrogant;
+no murmurer. Above all, he must be charitable, and
+by two maravedis given cheerfully to the poor he shall
+display as much generosity as the rich man who bestows
+large alms by sound of bell. Of such a man no
+one would doubt his honorable descent, and general
+applause wall be the sure reward of his virtue.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There are two roads by which men may attain riches
+and honor: the one by letters, the other by arms.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The path of virtue is narrow, that of vice is spacious
+and broad; as the great Castilian poet expresses it:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i_04">"By these rough paths of toil and pain</span>
+<span class="i0">The immortal seats of bliss we gain,</span>
+<span class="i0">Denied to those who heedless stray</span>
+<span class="i0">In tempting pleasure's flowery way."</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Fast bind, fast find.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He who shuffles is not he who cuts.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Though there is little in a woman's advice, yet he
+that won't take it is not over-wise.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>We are all mortal: here to-day and gone to-morrow.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">121</a></span>
+The lamb goes to the spit as soon as the sheep.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>No man in this world can promise himself more hours
+of life than God is pleased to grant him; because death
+if deaf, and when he knocks at the door of life is always
+in a hurry, and will not be detained either by fair
+means or force, by sceptres or mitres, as the report
+goes, and as we have often heard it declared from the
+pulpit.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The hen sits, if it be but upon one egg.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Many littles make a mickle, and he that is getting
+aught is losing naught.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>While there are peas in the dove-cote, it shall never
+want pigeons.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A good reversion is better than bad possession, and
+a good claim better than bad pay.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The bread eaten, the company broke up.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A man must be a man, and a woman a woman.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Nothing inspires a knight-errant with so much valor
+as the favor of his mistress.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>O envy! thou root of infinite mischief and canker-worm
+of virtue! The commission of all other vices,
+Sancho, is attended with some sort of delight; but envy
+produces nothing in the heart that harbors it but rage,
+rancor, and disgust.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">122</a></span>
+The love of fame is one of the most active principles
+in the human breast.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Let us keep our holy days in peace, and not throw
+the rope after the bucket.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"And now pray tell me which is the most difficult, to
+raise a dead man to life or to slay a giant?"</p>
+
+<p>"The answer is very obvious," answered Don Quixote;
+"to raise a dead man."</p>
+
+<p>"There I have caught you!" quoth Sancho. "Then
+his fame who raises the dead, gives sight to the blind,
+makes the lame walk, and cures the sick; who has
+lamps burning near his grave, and good Christians always
+in his chapels, adoring his relics upon their knees,&mdash;his
+fame, I say, shall be greater both in this world
+and the next than that which all the heathen emperors
+and knights-errant in the world ever had or ever shall
+have."</p>
+
+<p>"I grant it," answered Don Quixote.</p>
+
+<p>"Then," replied Sancho, "the bodies and relics of
+saints have this power and grace, and these privileges,
+or how do you call them, and with the license of our
+holy mother church have their lamps, winding-sheets,
+crutches, pictures, perukes, eyes, and legs, whereby
+they increase people's devotion and spread abroad their
+own Christian fame. Kings themselves carry the bodies
+or relics of saints upon their shoulders, kiss the
+fragments of their bones, and adorn their chapels and
+most favorite altars with them."</p>
+
+<p>"Certainly, but what wouldst thou infer from all
+this, Sancho?" quoth Don Quixote.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">123</a></span>
+"What I mean," said Sancho, "is, that we had better
+turn saints immediately, and we shall then soon get that
+fame we are seeking after. And pray take notice, sir,
+that it was but yesterday&mdash;I mean very lately&mdash;a
+couple of poor barefooted friars were canonized, and
+people now reckon it a greater happiness to touch or
+kiss the iron chains that bound them, and which are
+now held in greater veneration than Orlando's sword in
+the armory of our lord the king, Heaven save him; so
+that it is better to be a poor friar of the meanest order
+than the bravest knight-errant, because four dozen of
+good penitent lashes are more esteemed in the sight of
+God than two thousand tilts with a lance, though it be
+against giants, goblins, or dragons."</p>
+
+<p>"I confess," answered Don Quixote, "all this is
+true. We cannot all be friars, and many and various
+are the ways by which God conducts his elect to
+Heaven. Chivalry is a kind of religious profession,
+and some knights are now saints in glory."</p>
+
+<p>"True," quoth Sancho, "but I have heard say there
+are more friars in Heaven than knights-errant."</p>
+
+<p>"It may well be so," replied Don Quixote, "because
+their number is much greater than that of knights-errant."</p>
+
+<p>"And yet," quoth Sancho, "there are abundance of
+the errant sort."</p>
+
+<p>"Abundance, indeed," answered Don Quixote, "but
+few who deserve the name of knight."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There is a time for jesting, and a time when jokes
+are unseasonable.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">124</a></span>
+Truth may bend but never break, and will ever rise
+above falsehood, like oil above water.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>With lovers the external actions and gestures are
+couriers, which bear authentic tidings of what is passing
+in the interior of the soul.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A stout heart flings misfortune.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Where you meet with no books you need expect no
+bacon.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The hare often starts where the hunter least expects
+her.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There is a remedy for everything but death, who will
+take us in his clutches spite of our teeth.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Show me who thou art with, and I will tell thee what
+thou art.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Not with whom thou wert bred, but with whom thou
+art fed.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Sorrow was made for man, not for beasts; yet if men
+encourage melancholy too much, they become no better
+than beasts.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"Thou bringest me good news, then?" cried Don
+Quixote.</p>
+
+<p>"So good," answered Sancho, "that your worship has
+only to clap spurs to Rozinante, and get out upon the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">125</a></span>
+plain, to see the lady Dulcinea del Toboso, who, with a
+couple of her damsels, is coming to pay your worship a
+visit."</p>
+
+<p>"Gracious Heaven!" exclaimed Don Quixote, "what
+dost thou say? Take care that thou beguilest not my
+real sorrow by a counterfeit joy."</p>
+
+<p>"What should I get," answered Sancho, "by deceiving
+your worship, only to be found out the next moment?
+Come, sir, put on, and you will see the princess
+our mistress all arrayed and adorned&mdash;in short, like
+herself. She and her damsels are one blaze of naming
+gold; all strings of pearls, all diamonds, all rubies, all
+cloth of tissue above ten hands deep; their hair loose
+about their shoulders, like so many sunbeams blowing
+about in the wind; and what is more, they come mounted
+upon three pied belfreys, the finest you ever laid eyes
+on."</p>
+
+<p>"Palfreys, thou wouldst say, Sancho," quoth Don
+Quixote.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, well," answered Sancho, "belfreys and palfreys
+are much the same thing; but let them be mounted
+how they will, they are sure the finest creatures one
+would wish to see; especially my mistress the princess
+Dulcinea, who dazzles one's senses."</p>
+
+<p>They were now got out of the wood, and saw the
+three wenches very near.</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote looked eagerly along the road towards
+Toboso, and seeing nobody but the three wenches, he
+asked Sancho, in much agitation, whether they were
+out of the city when he left them.</p>
+
+<p>"Out of the city!" answered Sancho; "are your
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">126</a></span>
+worship's eyes in the nape of your neck, that you do not
+see them now before you, shining like the sun at noon-day?"</p>
+
+<p>"I see only three country girls," answered Don Quixote,
+"on three asses."</p>
+
+<p>"Now, Heaven keep me from the devil," answered
+Sancho; "is it possible that three palfreys, or how do
+you call them, white as the driven snow, should look to
+you like asses? As the Lord liveth, you shall pluck off
+this beard of mine if it be so."</p>
+
+<p>"I tell thee, friend Sancho," answered Don Quixote,
+"that it is as certain they are asses, as that I am Don
+Quixote and thou Sancho Panza;&mdash;at least, so they
+seem to me."</p>
+
+<p>"Sir," quoth Sancho, "say not such a thing; but
+snuff those eyes of yours, and come and pay reverence
+to the mistress of your soul." So saying he advanced
+forward to meet the peasant girls, and, alighting from
+Dapple, he laid hold of one of their asses by the halter,
+and bending both knees to the ground, said to the girl:
+"Queen, princess, and duchess of beauty, let your
+haughtiness and greatness be pleased to receive into
+grace and good-liking your captive knight, who stands
+turned there into stone, all disorder, and without any
+pulse, to find himself before your magnificent presence.
+I am Sancho Panza, his squire, and he is that way-worn
+knight Don Quixote de la Mancha, otherwise
+called the Knight of the Sorrowful Figure."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>It is not courage, but rashness, for one man singly to
+encounter an army, where death is present, and where
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">127</a></span>
+emperors fight in person, assisted by good and bad
+angels.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Good Christians should never revenge injuries.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A sparrow in the hand is better than a vulture on the
+wing.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>At the conclusion of this drama of life, death strips
+us of the robes which make the difference between
+man and man, and leaves us all on one level in the
+grave.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>From a friend to a friend,<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">7</a> etc.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Nor let it be taken amiss that any comparison should
+be made between the mutual cordiality of animals and
+that of men; for much useful knowledge and many
+salutary precepts have been taught by the brute creation.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>We may learn gratitude as well as vigilance from
+cranes, foresight from ants, modesty from elephants,
+and loyalty from horses.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Harken, and we shall discover his thoughts by his
+song, for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth
+speaketh.<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">8</a></p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">128</a></span></p>
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Bright authoress of my good or ill,</span>
+<span class="i1">Prescribe the law I must observe;</span>
+<span class="i0">My heart, obedient to thy will,</span>
+<span class="i1">Shall never from its duty swerve.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">If you refuse my griefs to know,</span>
+<span class="i1">The stifled anguish seals my fate;</span>
+<span class="i0">But if your ears would drink my woe,</span>
+<span class="i1">Love shall himself the tale relate.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Though contraries my heart compose,</span>
+<span class="i1">Hard as the diamond's solid frame,</span>
+<span class="i0">And soft as yielding wax that flows,</span>
+<span class="i1">To thee, my fair, 'tis still the same.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Take it, for every stamp prepared;</span>
+<span class="i1">Imprint what characters you choose;</span>
+<span class="i0">The faithful tablet, soft or hard,</span>
+<span class="i1">The dear impression ne'er shall lose.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The sorrows that may arise from well-placed affections,
+ought rather to be accounted blessings than calamities.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Good fare lessens care.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The rarest sporting is that we find at other people's
+cost.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Covetousness bursts the bag.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Other folk's burdens break the ass's back.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">129</a></span>
+There is no road so smooth but it has its stumbling-places.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Madness will have more followers than discretion.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Comparisons in grief lessen its weight.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>If the blind lead the blind, both may fall into the
+ditch.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A good paymaster needs no pledge.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Nobody knows the heart of his neighbor; some go
+out for wool and come home shorn.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Let us drink and live, for time takes care to rid us
+of our lives, without our seeking ways to go before our
+appointed term and season.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"You must know I have had in my family, by the
+father's side, two of the rarest tasters that were ever
+known in La Mancha; and I will give you a proof of their
+skill. A certain hogshead was given to each of them
+to taste, and their opinion asked as to the condition,
+quality, goodness, or badness, of the wine. One tried
+it with the tip of his tongue; the other only put it to
+his nose. The first said the wine savored of iron; the
+second said it had rather a twang of goat's leather.
+The owner protested that the vessel was clean, and the
+wine neat, so that it could not taste either of iron or
+leather. Notwithstanding this, the two famous tasters
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">130</a></span>
+stood positively to what they had said. Time went
+on; the wine was sold off, and, on cleaning the cask, a
+small key, hanging to a leathern thong, was found at
+the bottom. Judge then, sir, whether one of that race
+may not be well entitled to give his opinion in these
+matters."</p>
+
+<p>"That being the case," quoth he of the wood, "we
+should leave off seeking adventures, and, since we have
+a good loaf, let us not look for cheesecakes."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The conquered must be at the discretion of the conqueror.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>It is easy to undertake, but more difficult to finish a
+thing.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"Pray, which is the greater madman, he who is so
+because he cannot help it, or he who is so on purpose?"</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"The difference between these two sorts of madmen
+is," replied Sampson, "that he who cannot help it will
+remain so, and he who deliberately plays the fool may
+leave off when he thinks fit."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Heaven knows the truth of all things.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The ancient sages, who were not enlightened with
+the knowledge of the true God, reckoned the gifts of
+fortune and nature, abundance of friends, and increase
+of dutiful children, as constituting part of the supreme
+happiness.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Letters without virtue are like pearls on a dunghill.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">131</a></span></p>
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">don quixote on poetry.</span></div>
+
+<p>Poetry I regard as a tender virgin, young and extremely
+beautiful, whom divers other virgins&mdash;namely,
+all the other sciences&mdash;are assiduous to enrich, to polish,
+and adorn. She is to be served by them, and they
+are to be ennobled through her. But the same virgin is
+not to be rudely handled, nor dragged through the
+streets, nor exposed in the market-places, nor posted on
+the corners of gates of palaces. She is of so exquisite
+a nature that he who knows how to treat her will convert
+her into gold of the most inestimable value. He
+who possesses her should guard her with vigilance;
+neither suffering her to be polluted by obscene, nor degraded
+by dull and frivolous works. Although she
+must be in no wise venal, she is not, therefore, to despise
+the fair reward of honorable labors, either in heroic
+or dramatic composition. Buffoons must not come
+near her, neither must she be approached by the ignorant
+vulgar, who have no sense of her charms; and
+this term is equally applicable to all ranks, for whoever
+is ignorant is vulgar. He, therefore, who, with the
+qualifications I have named, devotes himself to poetry,
+will be honored and esteemed by all nations distinguished
+for intellectual cultivation.</p>
+
+<p>Indeed, it is generally said that the gift of poesy is
+innate&mdash;that is, a poet is born a poet, and, thus endowed
+by Heaven, apparently without study or art,
+composes things which verify the saying, <i>Est Deus in
+nobis</i>, etc. Thus the poet of nature, who improves himself
+by art, rises far above him who is merely the creature
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">132</a></span>
+of study. Art may improve, but cannot surpass
+nature; and, therefore, it is the union of both which
+produces the perfect poet.</p>
+
+<p>Let him direct the shafts of satire against vice, in all
+its various forms, but not level them at individuals,
+like some who, rather than not indulge their mischievous
+wit, will hazard a disgraceful banishment to the
+Isles of Pontus. If the poet be correct in his morals,
+his verse will partake of the same purity: the pen is
+the tongue of the mind, and what his conceptions are,
+such will be his productions. The wise and virtuous
+subject who is gifted with a poetic genius is ever honored
+and enriched by his sovereign, and crowned with
+the leaves of the tree which the thunderbolt hurts not,
+as a token that all should respect those brows which are
+so honorably adorned.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Forewarned, forearmed; to be prepared is half the
+victory.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>It is a nobler sight to behold a knight-errant assisting
+a widow in solitude than a courtier-knight complimenting
+a damsel in the city.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Well I know that fortitude is a virtue placed between
+the two extremes of cowardice and rashness: but it is
+better the valiant should rise to the extreme of temerity
+than sink to that of cowardice, for, as it is easier for
+the prodigal than the miser to become liberal, so it is
+much easier for the rash than the cowardly to become
+truly brave.</p>
+
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">133</a></span></p>
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the adventure with the lions.</span></div>
+
+<p>Don Quixote, after having wiped his head, face,
+beard, and helmet, again put it on, and fixing himself
+firm in his stirrups, adjusting his sword, and grasping
+his lance, he exclaimed, "Now, come what may, I am
+prepared to encounter Satan himself!"</p>
+
+<p>They were soon overtaken by the cart with flags,
+which was attended only by the driver, who rode upon
+one of the mules, and a man sitting upon the fore part
+of it. Don Quixote planted himself just before them,
+and said, "Whither go ye, brethren? What carriage
+is this? What does it contain, and what are those
+banners?"</p>
+
+<p>"The cart is mine," answered the carter, "and in it
+are two fierce lions, which the general of Oran is sending
+to court as a present to his majesty; the flags belong
+to our liege the king, to show that what is in the
+cart belongs to him."</p>
+
+<p>"And are the lions large?" demanded Don Quixote.</p>
+
+<p>"Larger never came from Africa to Spain," said the
+man on the front of the cart; "I am their keeper, and
+in my time have had charge of many lions, but never
+of any so large as these. They are a male and a female;
+the male is in the first cage, and the female
+is in that behind. Not having eaten to-day, they are
+now hungry and therefore, sir, stand aside, for we
+must make haste to the place where they are to be fed."</p>
+
+<p>"What!" said Don Quixote, with a scornful smile,
+"lion-whelps against me! Against me, your puny
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">134</a></span>
+monsters! and at this time of day! By yon blessed
+sun! those who sent them hither shall see whether I
+am a man to be scared by lions. Alight, honest friend!
+and, since you are their keeper, open the cages and turn
+out your savages of the desert: for in the midst of this
+field will I make them know who Don Quixote de la
+Mancha is, in spite of the enchanters that sent them
+hither to me."</p>
+
+<p>"So, so," quoth the gentleman to himself, "our good
+knight has now given us a specimen of what he is;
+doubtless the curds have softened his skull, and made
+his brains mellow."</p>
+
+<p>Sancho now coming up to him, "For Heaven's sake,
+sir," cried he, "hinder my master from meddling with
+these lions; for if he does they will tear us all to
+pieces."</p>
+
+<p>"What, then, is your master so mad," answered the
+gentleman, "that you really fear he will attack such
+fierce animals?"</p>
+
+<p>"He is not mad," answered Sancho, "but daring."</p>
+
+<p>"I will make him desist," replied the gentleman;
+and, going up to Don Quixote, who was importuning
+the keeper to open the cages, "Sir," said he, "Knights-errant
+should engage in adventures that, at least, afford
+some prospect of success, and not such as are altogether
+desperate; for the valor which borders on temerity
+has in it more of madness than courage. Besides,
+sir knight, these lions do not come to assail you: they
+are going to be presented to his majesty; and it is,
+therefore, improper to detain them or retard their
+journey."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">135</a></span>
+"Sweet sir," answered Don Quixote, "go hence,
+and mind your decoy partridge, and your stout ferret,
+and leave every one to his functions. This is
+mine, and I shall see whether these gentlemen lions will
+come against me or not." Then, turning to the keeper,
+he said, "I vow to Heaven, Don Rascal, if thou dost
+not instantly open the cages, with this lance I will pin
+thee to the cart."</p>
+
+<p>The carter seeing that the armed lunatic was resolute,
+"Good sir," said he, "for charity's sake, be pleased to
+let me take off my mules and get with them out of danger,
+before the lions are let loose: for should my cattle
+be killed, I am undone for ever, as I have no other
+means of living than by this cart and these mules."</p>
+
+<p>"Incredulous wretch!" cried Don Quixote, "unyoke
+and do as thou wilt; but thou shalt soon see that thy
+trouble might have been spared."</p>
+
+<p>The carter alighted and unyoked in great haste.
+The keeper then said aloud, "Bear witness, all here
+present, that against my will, and by compulsion, I
+open the cages and let the lions loose. I protest against
+what this gentleman is doing, and declare all the mischief
+done by these beasts shall be placed to his account,
+with my salary and perquisites over and above. Pray,
+gentlemen, take care of yourselves before I open the
+door; for, as to myself, I am sure they will do me no
+hurt."</p>
+
+<p>Again the gentleman pressed Don Quixote to desist
+from so mad an action; declaring to him that he was
+thereby provoking God's wrath. Don Quixote replied
+that he knew what he was doing. The gentleman rejoined,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">136</a></span>
+and entreated him to consider well of it, for he
+was certainly deceived.</p>
+
+<p>"Nay, sir," replied Don Quixote, "if you will not be
+a spectator of what you think will prove a tragedy, spur
+your flea-bitten, and save yourself."</p>
+
+<p>Sancho, too, besought him, with tears in his eyes, to
+desist from an enterprise compared with which that of
+the windmills, the dreadful one of the fulling-mills, and
+in short, all the exploits he had performed in the whole
+course of his life, were mere tarts and cheesecakes.
+"Consider, sir," added Sancho, "here is no enchantment,
+nor anything like it; for I saw, through the
+grates and chinks of the cage, the paw of a true lion;
+and I guess, by the size of its claw, that it is bigger than
+a mountain."</p>
+
+<p>"Thy fears," answered Don Quixote, "would make
+it appear to thee larger than half the world. Retire,
+Sancho, and leave me; and if I perish here, thou knowest
+our old agreement: repair to Dulcinea&mdash;I say no
+more." To these he added other expressions, which
+showed the firmness of his purpose, and that all argument
+would be fruitless. The gentleman would fain
+have compelled him to desist, but thought himself unequally
+matched in weapons and armor, and that it
+Would not be prudent to engage with a madman, whose
+violence and menaces against the keeper were now redoubled;
+the gentleman therefore spurred his mare,
+Sancho his Dapple, and the carter his mules, and all
+endeavored to get as far off as possible from the cart,
+before the lions were let loose. Sancho bewailed the
+death of his master; verily believing it would now
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">137</a></span>
+overtake him between the paws of the lions; he cursed
+his hard fortune, and the unlucky hour when he again entered
+into his service. But, notwithstanding his tears
+and lamentations, he kept urging on his Dapple to get
+far enough from the cart. The keeper, seeing that the
+fugitives were at a good distance, repeated his arguments
+and entreaties, but to no purpose: Don Quixote
+answered that he heard him, and desired he would
+trouble himself no more, but immediately obey his commands,
+and open the door.</p>
+
+<p>Whilst the keeper was unbarring the first gate, Don
+Quixote deliberated within himself whether it would be
+best to engage on horseback or not, and finally determined
+it should be on foot, as Rozinante might be terrified
+at the sight of the lions. He therefore leaped
+from his horse, flung aside his lance, braced on his
+shield, and drew his sword; and marching slowly, with
+marvellous intrepidity and an undaunted heart, he
+planted himself before the car, devoutly commending
+himself, first to God and then to his mistress Dulcinea.</p>
+
+<p>Here it is to be noted that the author of this faithful
+history, coming to this passage, falls into exclamations,
+and cries out, O strenuous and beyond all expression
+courageous Don Quixote de la Mancha! thou mirror
+wherein all the valiant ones of the world may behold
+themselves, thou second and new Don Manuel de Leon,
+who was the glory and honor of the Spanish knights!
+With what words shall I relate this tremendous exploit?
+By what arguments shall I render it credible
+to succeeding ages? or what praises, though above all
+hyperboles hyperbolical, do not fit and become thee?
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">138</a></span>
+Thou, alone, on foot, intrepid and magnanimous, with
+a single sword, and that none of the sharpest, with a
+shield not of the brightest and most shining steel, standest
+waiting for and expecting two of the fiercest lions
+that the forests of Africa ever bred. Let thy own deeds
+praise thee, valorous Manchegan! for here I must leave
+off for want of words whereby to enhance them. Here
+the author ends his exclamation, and resumes the thread
+of the history, saying:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>The keeper, seeing Don Quixote fixed in his posture,
+and that he could not avoid letting loose the male lion
+on pain of falling under the displeasure of the angry
+and daring knight, set wide open the door of the first
+cage, where lay the lion, which appeared to be of an
+extraordinary bigness and of a hideous and frightful
+aspect. The first thing he did was to turn himself
+round in the cage, reach out a paw, and stretch himself
+at full length. Then he gaped and yawned very
+leisurely; then licked the dust off his eyes, and washed
+his face, with some half a yard of tongue. This done,
+he thrust his head out of the cage and stared round
+on all sides with eyes of fire-coals,&mdash;a sight and aspect
+enough to have struck terror into temerity itself. Don
+Quixote only observed him with attention, wishing he
+would leap out from the car and grapple with him, that
+he might tear him in pieces, to such a pitch of extravagance
+had his unheard-of madness transported him.</p>
+
+<p>But the generous lion, more civil than arrogant,
+taking no notice of his vaporing and bravados, after
+having stared about him, as has been said, turned his
+back and showed his posteriors to Don Quixote, and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">139</a></span>
+with great phlegm and calmness laid himself down
+again in the cage; which Don Quixote perceiving, he
+ordered the keeper to give him some blows and provoke
+him to come forth.</p>
+
+<p>"That I will not do," answered the keeper; "for,
+should I provoke him, I myself shall be the first he will
+tear in pieces. Be satisfied, signor cavalier, with what
+is done, which is all that can be said in point of courage,
+and do not tempt fortune a second time. The lion
+has the door open, and it is in his choice to come forth
+or not; and since he has not yet come out, he will not
+come out all this day. The greatness of your worship's
+courage is already sufficiently shown. No brave combatant,
+as I take it, is obliged to more than to challenge
+his foe, and expect him in the field; and if the antagonist
+does not meet him, the disgrace falls on him, while
+the challenger is entitled to the crown of victory."</p>
+
+<p>"That is true," answered Don Quixote; "shut the
+door, and give me a certificate in the best form you
+can of what you have here seen me perform. It should
+be known that you opened the door to the lion; that I
+waited for him; that he came not out; again I waited
+for him; again he came not out; and again he laid
+himself down. I am bound to no more,&mdash;enchantments
+avaunt! So Heaven prosper right and justice
+and true chivalry! Shut the door, as I told thee, while
+I make a signal to the fugitive and absent, that from
+your own mouth they may have an account of this
+exploit."</p>
+
+<p>The keeper closed the door, and Don Quixote, having
+fixed the linen cloth with which he had wiped the curds
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">140</a></span>
+from his face upon the point of his lance, began to hail
+the troop in the distance, who, with the gentleman in
+green at their head, were still retiring, but looking round
+at every step, when suddenly Sancho observed the signal
+of the white cloth.</p>
+
+<p>"May I be hanged," cried he, "if my master has
+not vanquished the wild beasts, for he is calling to
+us!"</p>
+
+<p>They all stopped, and saw that it was Don Quixote
+that made the sign; and, their fear in some degree
+abating, they ventured to return slowly till they could
+distinctly hear the words of Don Quixote, who continued
+calling to them. When they had reached the cart again,
+Don Quixote said to the driver: "Now, friend, put on
+your mules again, and in Heaven's name proceed; and,
+Sancho, give two crowns to him and the keeper, to make
+them amends for this delay."</p>
+
+<p>"That I will, with all my heart," answered Sancho;
+"but what has become of the lions? are they dead or
+alive?"</p>
+
+<p>The keeper then very minutely, and with due pauses,
+gave an account of the conflict, enlarging, to the best
+of his skill, on the valor of Don Quixote, at sight of
+whom the daunted lion would not, or durst not, stir
+out of the cage, though he had held open the door a
+good while; and, upon his representing to the knight
+that it was tempting God to provoke the lion, and to
+force him out, he had at length, very reluctantly, permitted
+him to close it again.</p>
+
+<p>"What sayest thou to this, Sancho?" said Don
+Quixote; "can any enchantment prevail against true
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">141</a></span>
+courage? Enchanters may, indeed, deprive me of good
+fortune, but of courage and resolution they never can."</p>
+
+<p>Sancho gave the gold crowns; the carter yoked his
+mules; the keeper thanked Don Quixote for his present,
+and promised to relate this valorous exploit to the
+king himself when he arrived at court.</p>
+
+<p>"If, perchance, his majesty," said Don Quixote,
+"should inquire who performed it, tell him the Knight
+of the Lions; for henceforward I resolve that the title
+I have hitherto borne, of the Knight of the Sorrowful
+Figure, shall be thus changed, converted, and altered;
+and herein I follow the ancient practice of knights-errant,
+who changed their names at pleasure."</p>
+
+<p>It is a gallant sight to see a cavalier in shining armor
+prancing over the lists at some gay tournament in sight
+of the ladies; it is a gallant sight when, in the middle
+of a spacious square, a brave cavalier, before the eyes
+of his prince, transfixes with his lance a furious bull;
+and a gallant show do all those knights make, who, in
+military or other exercises, entertain, enliven, and do
+honor to their prince's court; but far above all these
+is the knight-errant, who, through deserts and solitudes,
+through cross-ways, through woods, and over mountains,
+goes in quest of perilous adventures, which he
+undertakes and accomplishes only to obtain a glorious
+and immortal fame.</p>
+
+<p>All knights have their peculiar functions. Let the
+courtier serve the ladies, adorn his prince's court with
+rich liveries, entertain the poorer cavaliers at his splendid
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">142</a></span>
+table, order his jousts, manage tournaments, and
+show himself great, liberal, and magnificent; above all,
+a good Christian, and thus will he fulfil his duties.</p>
+
+<p>In enterprises of every kind, it is better to lose the
+game by a card too much than one too little; for it
+sounds better to be called rash and daring than timorous
+and cowardly.</p>
+
+<p>"Signor Don Diego de Miranda, your father, sir,
+has informed me of the rare talents you possess, and
+particularly that you are a great poet."</p>
+
+<p>"Certainly not a great poet," replied Lorenzo; "it
+is true I am fond of poetry, and honor the works of
+good poets; but I have no claim to the title my father
+is pleased to confer upon me."</p>
+
+<p>"I do not dislike this modesty," answered Don Quixote;
+"for poets are usually very arrogant, each thinking
+himself the greatest in the world."</p>
+
+<p>"There is no rule without an exception," answered
+Don Lorenzo; "and surely there may be some who do
+not appear too conscious of their real merits."</p>
+
+<p>"Very few, I believe," said Don Quixote.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="hr" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the science of knight-errantry.</span></div>
+
+<p>"It is a science," replied Don Quixote, "which comprehends
+all, or most of the other sciences; for he who
+professes it must be learned in the law, and understand
+distributive and commutative justice, that he may
+know not only how to assign to each man what is truly
+his own, but what is proper for him to possess; he must
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">143</a></span>
+be conversant in divinity, in order to be able to explain,
+clearly and distinctly, the Christian faith which
+he professes; he must be skilled in medicine, especially
+in botany, that he may know both how to cure the
+diseases with which he may be afflicted, and collect the
+various remedies which Providence has scattered in the
+midst of the wilderness, nor be compelled on every
+emergency to be running in quest of a physician to heal
+him; he must be an astronomer, that he may if necessary
+ascertain by the stars the exact hour of the night
+and what part or climate of the world he is in; he
+must understand mathematics, because he will have
+occasion for them; and taking it for granted that he
+must be adorned with all the cardinal and theological
+virtues, I descend to other more minute particulars,
+and say that he must know how to swim as well as it is
+reported of Fish Nicholas;<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">9</a> he must know how to shoe
+a horse and repair his saddle and bridle: and to return
+to higher concerns, he must preserve his faith
+inviolable towards Heaven, and also to his mistress;
+he must be chaste in his thoughts, modest in his words,
+liberal in good works, valiant in exploits, patient in
+toils, charitable to the needy, and steadfastly adhering
+to the truth, even at the hazard of his life. Of all
+these great and small parts a good knight-errant is
+composed."</p>
+<hr class="one" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">144</a></span></p>
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10.5em;"><span class="smcap">the text.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Could I recall departed joy,</span>
+<span class="i1">Though barred the hopes of greater gain,</span>
+<span class="i0">Or now the future hours employ</span>
+<span class="i1">That must succeed my present pain.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<hr class="one" />
+<p><span style="margin-left: 9em;"><span class="smcap">the paraphrase.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">All fortune's blessings disappear,</span>
+<span class="i1">She's fickle as the wind;</span>
+<span class="i0">And now I find her as severe</span>
+<span class="i1">As once I thought her kind.</span>
+<span class="i0">How soon the fleeting pleasures passed!</span>
+<span class="i0">How long the lingering sorrows last!</span>
+<span class="i1">Unconstant goddess, in thy haste,</span>
+<span class="i0">Do not thy prostrate slave destroy,</span>
+<span class="i1">I'd ne'er complain, but bless my fate,</span>
+<span class="i0"><i>Could I recall departed joy.</i></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Of all thy gifts I beg but this,</span>
+<span class="i1">Glut all mankind with more,</span>
+<span class="i0">Transport them with redoubled bliss,</span>
+<span class="i1">But only mine restore.</span>
+<span class="i0">With thought of pleasure once possessed,</span>
+<span class="i0">I'm now as cursed as I was blessed:</span>
+<span class="i1">Oh, would the charming hours return,</span>
+<span class="i0">How pleased I'd live, how free from pain,</span>
+<span class="i1">I ne'er would pine, I ne'er would mourn.</span>
+<span class="i0"><i>Though barred the hopes of greater gain.</i></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But oh, the blessing I implore</span>
+<span class="i1">Not fate itself can give!</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">145</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Since time elapsed exists no more,</span>
+<span class="i1">No power can bid it live.</span>
+<span class="i0">Our days soon vanish into naught,</span>
+<span class="i0">And have no being but in thought.</span>
+<span class="i1">Whate'er began must end at last,</span>
+<span class="i0">In vain we twice would youth enjoy,</span>
+<span class="i1">In vain would we recall the past,</span>
+<span class="i0"><i>Or now the future hours employ.</i></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Deceived by hope, and racked by fear,</span>
+<span class="i1">No longer life can please;</span>
+<span class="i0">I'll then no more its torments bear,</span>
+<span class="i1">Since death so soon can ease.</span>
+<span class="i0">This hour I'll die&mdash;but, let me pause&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i0">A rising doubt my courage awes.</span>
+<span class="i1">Assist, ye powers that rule my fate,</span>
+<span class="i0">Alarm my thoughts, my rage restrain,</span>
+<span class="i1">Convince my soul there's yet a state</span>
+<span class="i0"><i>That must succeed my present pain.</i></span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="one" />
+<p>O Flattery, how potent is thy sway! How wide the
+bounds of thy pleasing jurisdiction!</p>
+<hr class="one" />
+<div class="center"><i>On the story of Pyramus and Thisbe.</i></div>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">sonnet.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The nymph who Pyramus with love inspired</span>
+<span class="i0">Pierces the wall, with equal passion fired:</span>
+<span class="i0">Cupid from distant Cyprus thither flies,</span>
+<span class="i0">And views the secret breach with laughing eyes.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">146</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Here silence, vocal, mutual vows conveys,</span>
+<span class="i0">And whispering eloquent, their love betrays:</span>
+<span class="i0">Though chained by fear, their voices dare not pass,</span>
+<span class="i0">Their souls, transmitted through the chink, embrace.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Ah, woful story of disastrous love!</span>
+<span class="i0">Ill-fated haste that did their ruin prove!</span>
+<span class="i0">One death, one grave, unite the faithful pair,</span>
+<span class="i0">And in one common fame their memories share.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>No parents can see the deformity of their own children,
+and still stronger is this self-deception with
+respect to the offspring of the mind.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>At parting, Don Quixote addressing himself to Don
+Lorenzo: "I know not," said he, "whether I have already
+told your worship, but if I have, let me now
+repeat the intimation, that when you are inclined to
+take the shortest and easiest road to the inaccessible
+summit of the temple of fame, you have no more to do,
+but to leave on one side the path of poetry, which is
+pretty narrow, and follow that of knight-errantry,
+which, though the narrowest of all others, will conduct
+you to the throne of empire in the turning of a straw."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Riches are able to solder abundance of flaws.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Every sheep to its like.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Let every goose a gander choose.</p>
+<hr class="three" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">147</a></span></p>
+<p class="indent"><span class="smcap">an account of the marriage of camacho the
+rich; and also the adventure of basilius
+the poor.</span></p>
+
+<p>"Come with us, and you will see one of the greatest
+and richest weddings that has ever been celebrated in
+La Mancha, or for many leagues round."</p>
+
+<p>"The nuptials of some prince, I presume?" said Don
+Quixote.</p>
+
+<p>"No," replied the scholar, "only that of a farmer
+and a country maid: he the wealthiest in this part of
+the country, and she the most beautiful that eyes ever
+beheld. The preparations are very uncommon: for the
+wedding is to be celebrated in a meadow near the village
+where the bride lives, who is called Quiteria the
+Fair, and the bridegroom Camacho the Rich: she is
+about the age of eighteen, and he twenty-two, both
+equally matched, though some nice folks, who have all
+the pedigrees of the world in their heads, pretend that
+the family of Quiteria the Fair has the advantage over
+that of Camacho; but that is now little regarded, for
+riches are able to solder up abundance of flaws. In
+short, this same Camacho is as liberal as a prince; and,
+intending to be at some cost in this wedding, has taken
+it into his head to convert a whole meadow into a kind
+of arbor, shading it so that the sun itself will find some
+difficulty to visit the green grass beneath. He will also
+have morris-dances, both with swords and bells; for
+there are people in the village who jingle and clatter
+them with great dexterity. As to the number of shoe-clappers
+<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">10</a>
+invited, it is impossible to count them; but
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">148</a></span>
+what will give the greatest interest to this wedding is
+the effect it is expected to have on the slighted Basilius.</p>
+
+
+<p>"This Basilius is a swain of the same village as
+Quiteria; his house is next to that of her parents, and
+separated only by a wall, whence Cupid took occasion
+to revive the ancient loves of Pyramus and Thisbe: for
+Basilius was in love with Quiteria from his childhood,
+and she returned his affection with a thousand modest
+favors, insomuch that the loves of the two children,
+Basilius and Quiteria, became the common talk of the
+village. When they were grown up, the father of Quiteria
+resolved to forbid Basilius the usual access to his
+family; and to relieve himself of all fears on his account,
+he determined to marry his daughter to the rich
+Camacho; not choosing to bestow her on Basilius,
+whose endowments are less the gifts of fortune than of
+nature: in truth he is the most active youth we
+know; a great pitcher of the bar, an excellent wrestler,
+a great player at cricket, runs like a buck, leaps
+like a wild goat, and plays at ninepins as if by witchcraft;
+sings like a lark, and touches a guitar delightfully
+and, above all, he handles a sword like the most
+skilful fencer."</p>
+
+<p>It now began to grow dark, and as they approached
+the village there appeared before them a new heaven,
+blazing with innumerable stars. At the same time they
+heard the sweet and mingled sounds of various instruments&mdash;such
+as flutes, tambourines, psalters, cymbals,
+drums, and bells; and, drawing still nearer, they perceived
+a spacious arbor, formed near the entrance into
+the town, hung round with lights that shone undisturbed
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">149</a></span>
+by the breeze; for it was so calm that not a leaf
+was seen to move. The musicians, who are the life
+and joy of such festivals, paraded in bands up and
+down this delightful place, some dancing, others singing,
+and others playing upon different instruments: in
+short, nothing was there to be seen but mirth and pleasure.
+Several were employed in raising scaffolds, from
+which they might commodiously behold the shows and
+entertainments of the following day, that were to be
+dedicated to the nuptial ceremony of the rich Camacho
+and the obsequies of poor Basilius.</p>
+
+<p>If he is poor he cannot think to wed Quiteria. A
+pleasant fancy, forsooth, for a fellow who has not a
+groat in his pocket to look for a yoke-mate above the
+clouds. Faith, sir, in my opinion a poor man should
+be contented with what he finds, and not be seeking for
+truffles at the bottom of the sea.</p>
+
+<p>The first thing that presented itself to Sancho's sight
+was a whole bullock spitted upon a large elm. The fire
+it was roasted by was composed of a middling mountain
+of wood, and round it were placed six pots, not
+cast in common moulds; for they were half-jars, each
+containing a whole shamble of flesh; and entire sheep
+were sunk and swallowed up in them, as commodiously
+as if they were only so many pigeons. The hares ready
+cased, and the fowls ready plucked, that hung about
+upon the branches, in order to be buried in the caldrons,
+were without number. Infinite was the wild fowl and
+venison hanging about the trees, that the air might
+cool them. Sancho counted above threescore skins,
+each of above twenty-four quarts, and all, as appeared
+afterwards, full of generous wines.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">150</a></span>
+There were also piles of the whitest bread, arranged
+like heaps of wheat on the threshing-floor, and
+cheeses, piled up in the manner of bricks, formed a
+kind of wall. Two caldrons of oil, larger than dyers'
+vats, stood ready for frying all sorts of batter-ware;
+and, with a couple of stout peels, they shovelled them
+up when fried, and forthwith immersed them in a kettle
+of prepared honey that stood near. The men and
+women cooks were about fifty in number, all clean, all
+active, and all in good humor. In the bullock's distended
+belly were sewed up a dozen sucking pigs, to
+make it savory and tender. The spices of various
+kinds, which seemed to have been bought, not by the
+pound, but by the hundredweight, were deposited in a
+great chest, and open to every hand. In short the
+preparation for the wedding was all rustic, but in sufficient
+abundance to have feasted an army.</p>
+
+<p>Sancho beheld all with wonder and delight. The
+first that captivated and subdued his inclinations were
+the flesh-pots, out of which he would have been glad to
+have filled a moderate pipkin; next the wine-skins drew
+his affections; and lastly the products of the frying-pans&mdash;if
+such capacious vessels might be so called;
+and, being unable any longer to abstain, he ventured
+to approach one of the busy cooks, and in persuasive
+and hungry terms begged leave to sop a luncheon of
+bread in one of the pots.</p>
+
+<p>To which the cook answered, "This, friend, is not a
+day for hunger to be abroad&mdash;thanks to rich Camacho.
+Alight, and look about you for a ladle to skim
+out a fowl or two, and much good may they do you."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">151</a></span>
+"I see no ladle," answered Sancho.</p>
+
+<p>"Stay," said the cook. "Heaven save me, what a
+helpless varlet!" So saying, he laid hold of a kettle,
+and sousing it into one of the half-jars, he fished out
+three pullets and a couple of geese, and said to Sancho,
+"Eat, friend, and make your breakfast of this scum,
+to stay your stomach till dinner-time."</p>
+
+<p>"I have nothing to put it in," answered Sancho.</p>
+
+<p>"Then take ladle and all," quoth the cook; "for
+Camacho's riches and joy supply everything."</p>
+
+<p>While Sancho was thus employed, Don Quixote stood
+observing the entrance of a dozen peasants at one side
+of the spacious arbor, each mounted on a beautiful
+mare, in rich and gay caparisons, hung round with
+little bells. They were clad in holiday apparel, and in
+a regular troop made sundry careers about the meadow,
+with a joyful Moorish cry of "Long live Camacho and
+Quiteria! he as rich as she is fair, and she the fairest
+of the world!"</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote hearing this, said to himself, "These
+people, it is plain, have never seen my Dulcinea del
+Toboso; otherwise they would have been less extravagant
+in the praise of their Quiteria."</p>
+
+<p>Soon after there entered, on different sides of the
+arbor, various sets of dancers, among which was one
+consisting of four-and-twenty sword-dancers; handsome,
+sprightly swains, all arrayed in fine white linen,
+and handkerchiefs wrought with several colors of fine
+silk. One of those mounted on horseback inquired of
+a young man who led the sword-dance, whether any of
+his comrades were hurt.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">152</a></span>
+"No," replied the youth; "thank Heaven, as yet we
+are all well;" and instantly he twined himself in among
+his companions with so many turns, and so dexterously,
+that though Don Quixote had often seen such dances
+before, none had ever pleased him so well. Another
+dance also delighted him much, performed by twelve
+damsels, young and beautiful, all clad in green stuff of
+Cuenza, having their hair partly plaited, and partly
+flowing, all of golden hue, rivalling the sun itself, and
+covered with garlands of jessamine, roses and woodbine.
+They were led up by a venerable old man and
+an ancient matron, to whom the occasion had given
+more agility than might have been expected from their
+years. A Zamora bagpipe regulated their motions,
+which being no less sprightly and graceful than their
+looks were modest and maidenly, more lovely dancers
+were never seen in the world.</p>
+
+<p>A pantomimic dance now succeeded, by eight nymphs,
+divided into two ranks&mdash;"Cupid" leading the one,
+and "Interest," the other; the former equipped with
+wings, bow, quiver, and arrows; the latter gorgeously
+apparelled with rich and variously colored silks, embroidered
+with gold. The nymphs in Cupid's band
+displayed their names, written in large letters on their
+backs. "Poetry" was the first: then succeeded "Discretion,"
+"Good Lineage," and "Valor." The followers
+of "Interest" were "Liberality," "Bounty,"
+"Wealth," and "Security." This band was preceded
+by a wooden castle, drawn by savages, clad so naturally
+in ivy and green cloth, coarse and shaggy, that
+Sancho was startled. On the front and sides of the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">153</a></span>
+edifice was written, "The Castle of Reserve." Four
+skilful musicians played on the tabor and pipe; Cupid
+began the dance, and after two movements, he raised
+his eyes, and bending his bow, pointed an arrow towards
+a damsel that stood on the battlements of the
+castle; at the same time addressing to her the following
+verses:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 8em;"><span class="smcap">cupid's address.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I am the god whose power extends</span>
+<span class="i1">Through the wide ocean, earth, and sky;</span>
+<span class="i0">To my soft sway all nature bends,</span>
+<span class="i1">Compelled by beauty to comply.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Fearless I rule, in calm and storm,</span>
+<span class="i1">Indulge my pleasure to the full;</span>
+<span class="i0">Things deemed impossible perform,</span>
+<span class="i1">Bestow, resume, ordain, annul.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Cupid, having finished his address, shot an arrow
+over the castle, and retired to his station; upon which
+Interest stepped forth, and after two similar movements,
+the music ceasing, he said:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">My power exceeds the might of love,</span>
+<span class="i1">For Cupid bows to me alone;</span>
+<span class="i0">Of all things framed by heaven above,</span>
+<span class="i1">The most respected, sought, and known.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">My name is Interest; mine aid</span>
+<span class="i1">But few obtain, though all desire:</span>
+<span class="i0">Yet shall thy virtue, beauteous maid,</span>
+<span class="i1">My constant services acquire.</span>
+</div></div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">154</a></span>
+Interest then withdrew, and Poetry advanced; and,
+fixing her eyes on the damsel of the castle, she said:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Let Poetry, whose strain divine</span>
+<span class="i1">The wondrous power of song displays,</span>
+<span class="i0">Her heart to thee, fair nymph, consign,</span>
+<span class="i1">Transported in melodious lays:</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">If haply thou wilt not refuse</span>
+<span class="i1">To grant my supplicated boon,</span>
+<span class="i0">Thy fame shall, wafted by the muse,</span>
+<span class="i1">Surmount the circle of the moon.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Poetry having retired from the side of Interest, Liberality
+advanced; and, after making her movements,
+said:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">My name is Liberality,</span>
+<span class="i1">Alike beneficent and wise,</span>
+<span class="i0">To shun wild prodigality,</span>
+<span class="i1">And sordid avarice despise.</span>
+<span class="i0">Yet, for thy favor lavish grown,</span>
+<span class="i1">A prodigal I mean to prove;</span>
+<span class="i0">An honorable vice I own,</span>
+<span class="i1">But giving is the test of love.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>In this manner all the figures of the two parties advanced
+and retreated, and each made its movements
+and recited its verses, some elegant, and some ridiculous
+of which Don Quixote, who had a very good
+memory, treasured up the foregoing only.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>The bridal pair proceeded towards a theatre on one
+side of the arbor, decorated with tapestry and garlands,
+where the nuptial ceremony was to be performed, and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">155</a></span>
+whence they were to view the dances and shows prepared
+for the occasion. Immediately on their arrival
+at that place, a loud noise was heard at a distance,
+amidst which a voice was distinguished calling aloud,
+"Hold a little, rash and thoughtless people!" On
+turning their heads they saw that these words were
+uttered by a man who was advancing towards them,
+clad in a black doublet, welted with flaming crimson.
+He was crowned with a garland of mournful cypress,
+and held in his hand a large truncheon; and, as he
+drew near, all recognized the gallant Basilius, and
+waited in fearful expectation of some disastrous result
+from this unseasonable visit.</p>
+
+<p>At length he came up, tired and out of breath, and
+placed himself just before the betrothed couple; then,
+pressing his staff, which was pointed with steel, into
+the ground, he fixed his eyes on Quiteria, and in a
+broken and tremulous voice thus addressed her: "Ah,
+false and forgetful Quiteria, well thou knowest that,
+by the laws of our holy religion, thou canst not marry
+another man whilst I am living; neither art thou ignorant
+that, while waiting till time and mine own industry
+should improve my fortune, I have never failed in
+the respect due to thy honor. But thou hast cast aside
+every obligation due to my lawful love, and art going
+to make another man master of what is mine: a man
+who is not only enriched, but rendered eminently
+happy by his wealth; and, in obedience to the will of
+Heaven, the only impediment to his supreme felicity I
+will remove, by withdrawing this wretched being.
+Long live the rich Camacho with the ungrateful Quiteria!
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">156</a></span>
+Long and happily may they live, and let poor
+Basilius die, who would have risen to good fortune had
+not poverty clipped his wings and laid him in an early
+grave!"</p>
+
+<p>So saying, he plucked his staff from the ground, and,
+drawing out a short tuck, to which it had served as a
+scabbard, he fixed what might be called the hilt into
+the ground, and, with a nimble spring and resolute air,
+he threw himself on the point, which, instantly appearing
+at his back, the poor wretch lay stretched on the
+ground, pierced through and through, and weltering
+in his blood.</p>
+
+<p>His friends, struck with horror and grief, rushed
+forward to help him, and Don Quixote, dismounting,
+hastened also to lend his aid, and taking the dying
+man in his arms, found that he was still alive. They
+would have drawn out the tuck, but the priest who was
+present thought that it should not be done till he had
+made his confession; as, the moment it was taken out
+of his body he would certainly expire. But Basilius,
+not having quite lost the power of utterance, in a faint
+and doleful voice said: "If, cruel Quiteria, in this
+my last and fatal agony, thou wouldst give me thy
+hand, as my spouse, I should hope my rashness might
+find pardon in heaven, since it procured me the blessing
+of being thine." Upon which the priest advised
+him to attend rather to the salvation of his soul than
+to his bodily appetites, and seriously implore pardon
+of God for his sins, especially for this last desperate
+action. Basilius replied that he could not make any
+confession till Quiteria had given him her hand in marriage
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">157</a></span>
+as that would be a solace to his mind, and enable
+him to confess his sins.</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote, hearing the wounded man's request,
+said, in a loud voice, that Basilius had made a very
+just and reasonable request, and, moreover, a very
+practicable one; and that it would be equally honorable
+for Signor Camacho to take Quiteria, a widow of
+the brave Basilius, as if he received her at her father's
+hand; nothing being required but the simple word,
+"Yes," which could be of no consequence, since, in
+these espousals, the nuptial bed must be the grave.
+Camacho heard all this, and was perplexed and undecided
+what to do or say; but so much was he importuned
+by the friends of Basilius to permit Quiteria to
+give him her hand, and thereby save his soul from
+perdition, that they at length moved, nay forced him
+to say that if it pleased Quiteria to give it to him, he
+should not object, since it was only delaying for a moment
+the accomplishment of his wishes. They all immediately
+applied to Quiteria, and, with entreaties,
+tears, and persuasive arguments, pressed and importuned
+her to give her hand to Basilius; but she, harder
+than marble, and more immovable than a statue, returned
+no answer, until the priest told her that she must
+decide promptly, as the soul of Basilius was already
+between his teeth, and there was no time for hesitation.</p>
+
+<p>Then the beautiful Quiteria, in silence, and to all
+appearance troubled and sad, approached Basilius,
+whose eyes were already turned in his head, and he
+breathed short and quick, muttering the name of Quiteria,
+and giving tokens of dying more like a heathen
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">158</a></span>
+than a Christian. At last Quiteria, kneeling down by
+him, made signs to him for his hand. Basilius unclosed
+his eyes, and fixing them steadfastly upon her,
+said "O Quiteria! thou relentest at a time when thy
+pity is a sword to put a final period to this wretched
+life; for now I have not strength to bear the glory
+thou conferrest upon me in making me thine, nor will
+it suspend the pain which shortly will veil my eyes
+with the dreadful shadow of death. What I beg of
+thee, O fatal star of mine! is that thou give not thy
+hand out of compliment, or again to deceive me, but to
+declare that thou bestowest it upon me as thy lawful
+husband, without any compulsion on thy will&mdash;for it
+would be cruel in this extremity to deal falsely or impose
+on him who has been so true to thee."</p>
+
+<p>Here he fainted, and the bystanders thought his soul
+was just departing. Quiteria, all modesty and bashfulness,
+taking Basilius's right hand in hers, said: "No
+force would be sufficient to bias my will; and therefore,
+with all the freedom I have, I give thee my hand
+to be thy lawful wife, and receive thine, if it be as
+freely given, and if the anguish caused by thy rash act
+doth not trouble and prevent thee."</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, I give it thee," answered Basilius, "neither
+discomposed nor confused, but with the clearest understanding
+that Heaven was ever pleased to bestow on
+me; and so I give and engage myself to be thy husband."</p>
+
+<p>"And I to be thy wife," answered Quiteria,
+"whether thou livest many years, or art carried from
+my arms to the grave."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">159</a></span>
+"For one so much wounded," observed Sancho,
+"this young man talks a great deal. Advise him to
+leave off his courtship and mind the business of his
+soul; though to my thinking he has it more on his
+tongue than between his teeth."</p>
+
+<p>Basilius and Quiteria being thus, with hands joined,
+the tender-hearted priest, with tears in his eyes, pronounced
+the benediction upon them, and prayed to
+Heaven for the repose of the bridegroom's soul; who,
+as soon as he had received the benediction, suddenly
+started up, and nimbly drew out the tuck which was
+sheathed in his body. All the spectators were astonished,
+and some more simple than the rest cried out
+"A miracle, a miracle!" But Basilius replied, "no
+miracle, no miracle, but a stratagem, a stratagem!"</p>
+
+<p>The priest, astonished and confounded, ran to feel,
+with both his hands, the wound, and found that the
+sword had passed, not through Basilius's flesh and ribs,
+but through a hollow iron pipe, cunningly fitted to the
+place, and filled with blood, so prepared as not to congeal.
+In short, the priests, Camacho, and the rest of
+the spectators, found they were imposed upon, and
+completely duped. The bride showed no signs of
+regret at the artifice: on the contrary, hearing it said
+the marriage, as being fraudulent, was not valid, she
+said that she confirmed it anew; it was, therefore,
+generally supposed that the matter had been concerted
+with the privity and concurrence of both parties;
+which so enraged Camacho and his friends that they
+immediately had recourse to vengeance, and unsheathing
+abundance of swords they fell upon Basilius, in
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">160</a></span>
+whose behalf as many more were instantly drawn, and
+Don Quixote, leading the van on horseback, his lance
+upon his arm, and well covered with his shield, made
+them all give way.</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote cried aloud, "Hold, sirs, hold! It is
+not right to avenge the injuries committed against us
+by love. Remember that the arts of warfare and courtship
+are in some points alike; in war, stratagems are
+lawful, so likewise are they in the conflicts and rivalships
+of love, if the means employed be not dishonorable.
+Quiteria and Basilius were destined for each
+other by the just and favoring will of Heaven. Camacho
+is rich, and may purchase his pleasure when,
+where and how he pleases. Basilius has but this one
+ewe-lamb; and no one, however powerful, has a right
+to take it from him; for those whom God hath joined
+let no man sunder, and whoever shall attempt it must
+first pass the point of this lance." Then he brandished
+it with such vigor and dexterity that he struck terror
+into all those who did not know him.</p>
+
+<p>Quiteria's disdain made such an impression upon
+Camacho, that he instantly banished her from his
+heart. The persuasions, therefore, of the priest, who
+was a prudent, well-meaning man, had their effect;
+Camacho and his party sheathed their weapons and
+remained satisfied, blaming rather the fickleness of
+Quiteria than the cunning of Basilius. With much
+reason Camacho thought within himself that if Quiteria
+loved Basilius when a virgin, she would love him
+also when married, and that he had more cause to
+thank Heaven for so fortunate an escape than to repine
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">161</a></span>
+at the loss he had sustained. The disappointed bridegroom
+and his followers, being thus consoled and appeased,
+those of Basilius were so likewise; and the
+rich Camacho, to show that his mind was free from
+resentment, would have the diversions and entertainments
+go on as if they had been really married. The
+happy pair, however, not choosing to share in them,
+retired to their own dwelling, accompanied by their
+joyful adherents; for, if the rich man can draw after
+him attendants and flatterers, the poor man who is virtuous
+and deserving is followed by friends who honor
+and support him.</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote joined the party of Basilius, having
+been invited by them as a person of worth and bravery;
+while Sancho, finding it impossible to remain and share
+the relishing delights of Camacho's festival, which continued
+till night, with a heavy heart accompanied his
+master, leaving behind the flesh-pots of Egypt, the
+skimmings of which, though now almost consumed, still
+reminded him of the glorious abundance he had lost.</p>
+
+<p>"If love only were to be considered," said Don
+Quixote, "parents would no longer have the privilege
+of judiciously matching their children. Were daughters
+left to choose for themselves, there are those who would
+prefer their father's serving-man, or throw themselves
+away on some fellow they might chance to see in the
+street, mistaking, perhaps, an impostor and swaggering
+poltroon for a gentleman, since passion too easily blinds
+the understanding, so indispensably necessary in deciding
+on that most important point, matrimony, which
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">162</a></span>
+is peculiarly exposed to the danger of a mistake, and
+therefore needs all the caution that human prudence
+can supply, aided by the particular favor of Heaven.
+A person who proposes to take a long journey, if he is
+prudent, before he sets forward will look out for some
+safe and agreeable companion; and should not he who
+undertakes a journey for life use the same precaution,
+especially as his fellow-traveller is to be his companion
+at bed and board and in all other situations? The wife
+is not a commodity which, when once bought, you can
+exchange or return; the marriage bargain, once struck,
+is irrevocable. It is a noose which, once thrown about
+the neck, turns to a Gordian knot, and cannot be unloosed
+till cut asunder by the scythe of death."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>By the streets of "by-and-by" one arrives at the
+house of "never."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>God who gives the wound sends the cure.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Nobody knows what is to come. A great many
+hours come in between this and to-morrow; and in
+one hour, yea, in one minute, down falls the house.
+I have seen rain and sunshine at the same moment.
+A man may go to bed well at night and not be able to
+stir next morning: and tell me who can boast of having
+driven a nail in fortune's wheel?</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Between the yes and no of a woman I would not
+undertake to thrust the point of a pin.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">163</a></span>
+"Love, as I have heard say, wears spectacles, through
+which copper looks like gold, rags like rich apparel, and
+specks in the eye like pearls."</p>
+
+<p>"A curse on thee, Sancho," said Don Quixote;
+"what wouldst thou be at? When once thy stringing
+of proverbs begins, Judas alone&mdash;I wish he had thee!&mdash;can
+have patience to the end. Tell me, animal!
+what knowest thou of nails and wheels, or of anything
+else?"</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, if I am not understood," replied Sancho, "no
+wonder that what I say passes for nonsense. But no
+matter for that,&mdash;I understand myself. Neither have
+I said many foolish things, only your worship is such a
+cricket."</p>
+
+<p>"Critic, not cricket, fool! thou corrupter of good
+language!" said the knight.</p>
+
+<p>"Pray, sir, do not be so sharp upon me," answered
+Sancho, "for I was not bred at court nor studied in
+Salamanca, to know whether my words have a letter
+short or one too many. As Heaven shall save me, it
+is unreasonable to expect that beggarly Sayagnes should
+talk like Toledans; nay, even some of them are not
+over-nicely spoken."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Purity, propriety, and elegance of style will always
+be found among polite, well-bred, and sensible men.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>I have heard it said of your fencers that they can
+thrust you the point of a sword through the eye of a
+needle.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">164</a></span>
+O happy thou above all that live on the face of the
+earth, who, neither envying nor envied, canst take thy
+needful rest with tranquillity of soul, neither persecuted
+by enchanters nor affrighted by their machinations!
+Sleep on! a hundred times I say, sleep on! No jealousies
+on thy lady's account keep thee in perpetual
+watchings, nor do anxious thoughts of debts unpaid
+awake thee; nor care how on the morrow thou and
+thy little straitened family shall be provided for.
+Ambition disquiets thee not, nor does the vain pomp of the
+world disturb thee; for thy chief concern is the care
+of thy ass, since to me is committed the comfort and
+protection of thine own person,&mdash;a burden imposed on
+the master by nature and custom. The servant sleeps,
+and the master lies awake considering how he is to maintain,
+assist, and do him kindness. The pain of seeing
+the heavens obdurate in withholding the moisture necessary
+to refresh the earth touches only the master, who
+is bound to provide in times of sterility and famine for
+those who served him in the season of fertility and
+abundance.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>So much thou art worth as thou hast, and so much
+thou hast as thou art worth.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There are only two families in the world,&mdash;the have
+somethings and the have nothings. Nowadays we are
+apt to feel more often the pulse of property than of
+wisdom.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>An ass with golden trappings makes a better appearance
+than a horse with a pack-saddle.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">165</a></span>
+"That ought not to be called deception which aims
+at a virtuous end," said Don Quixote; "and no end
+is more excellent than the marriage of true lovers;
+though love," added he, "has its enemies, and none
+greater than hunger and poverty, for love is all gayety,
+joy, and content."</p>
+
+
+<hr class="two" />
+
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">sancho panza on death.</span></div>
+
+<p>"In good sooth, signor," said the squire, "there is
+no trusting to Mrs. Ghostly, I mean Death, who gobbles
+up the gosling as well as the goose; and, as I have
+heard our curate observe, tramples down the lofty turrets
+of the prince as well as the lowly cottage of the
+swain. That same lady, who is more powerful than coy,
+knows not what it is to be dainty and squeamish; but
+eats of everything, and crams her wallet with people of
+all nations, degrees, and conditions; she is none of
+your laborers that take their afternoon's nap, but mows
+at all hours, cutting down the dry stubble as well as
+the green grass; nor does she seem to chew, but rather
+swallows and devours everything that falls in her way;
+for she is gnawed by a dog's hunger that is never satisfied;
+and though she has no belly, plainly shows herself
+dropsical, and so thirsty as to drink up the lives of
+all the people upon earth, just as one would swallow a
+draught of cool water."</p>
+
+<p>"Enough, friend Sancho," cried the knight, interrupting
+him in this place; "keep thyself well, now
+thou art in order, and beware of stumbling again; for
+really a good preacher could not speak more to the purpose
+than thou hast spoken upon Death, in thy rustic
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">166</a></span>
+manner of expression; I say unto thee, Sancho, if thy
+discretion were equal to thy natural parts, thou mightest
+ascend the pulpit, and go about teaching and preaching
+to admiration."</p>
+
+<p>"He is a good preacher who is a good liver," answered
+Panza, "and that is all the divinity I know."</p>
+
+<p>"And that is sufficient," said the knight; "yet I
+shall never understand or comprehend, as the fear of
+God is the beginning of wisdom, how thou, who art
+more afraid of a lizard than of thy Maker, should be
+so wise?"</p>
+
+<p>"Signor," replied Sancho, "I desire your worship
+would determine in your own affairs of chivalry, without
+taking the trouble to judge of other people's valor
+or fears; for my own part, I am as pretty a fearer of
+God as one would desire to see in any neighbor's child;
+wherefore, I beseech your worship, let me discuss this
+same scum; for everything else is idle chat, of which we
+shall be able to give a bad account in the other world."</p>
+
+<p>"The poor man of honor (if a poor man can deserve
+that title) possesses, in a beautiful wife, a jewel; and
+when that is taken away, he is deprived of his honor,
+which is murdered; a beautiful and chaste woman,
+whose husband is poor, deserves to be crowned with
+laurel and palms of triumph; for beauty alone attracts
+the inclinations of those who behold it; just as the royal
+eagle and soaring hawk stoop to the savory lure; but if
+that beauty is incumbered by poverty and want, it is
+likewise attacked by ravens, kites, and other birds of
+prey; and if she who possesses it firmly withstands all
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">167</a></span>
+these assaults, she well deserves to be called the crown
+of her husband.</p>
+
+<p>"Take notice, dearest Basilius," added the knight,
+"it was the opinion of a certain sage, that there was
+but one good wife in the whole world; and he advised
+every husband to believe she had fallen to his
+share, and accordingly be satisfied with his lot. I
+myself am not married, nor hitherto have I entertained
+the least thought of changing my condition; nevertheless,
+I will venture to advise him who asks my advice,
+in such a manner, that he may find a woman to his
+wish; in the first place, I would exhort him to pay more
+regard to reputation than to fortune; for a virtuous
+woman does not acquire a good name merely by being
+virtuous; she must likewise maintain the exteriors of
+deportment, for the honor of the sex suffers much
+more from levity and freedom of behavior in public,
+than from any private misdeeds. If thou bringest a
+good woman to thy house, it will be an easy task to preserve
+and even improve her virtue; but, shouldst thou
+choose a wife of a different character, it will cost thee
+abundance of pains to mend her; for it is not very
+practicable to pass from one extreme to another; I do
+not say it is altogether impossible, though I hold it for a
+matter of much difficulty."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The ox that is loose is best licked.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Sancho, who had been attentive to the student's discourse,
+said: "Tell me, sir&mdash;so may heaven send you
+good luck with your books&mdash;can you resolve me&mdash;but
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">168</a></span>
+I know you can, since you know every thing&mdash;who was
+the first man that scratched his head? I for my part
+am of opinion it must have been our father Adam."</p>
+
+<p>"Certainly," answered the scholar; "for there is no
+doubt but Adam had a head and hair; and, this being
+granted, he, being the first man in the world, must
+needs have been the first who scratched his head."</p>
+
+<p>"That is what I think," said Sancho; "but tell me
+now, who was the first tumbler in the world?"</p>
+
+<p>"Truly, brother," answered the scholar, "I cannot
+determine that point till I have given it some consideration,
+which I will surely do when I return to my books,
+and will satisfy you when we see each other again, for
+I hope this will not be the last time."</p>
+
+<p>"Look ye, sir," replied Sancho, "be at no trouble
+about the matter, for I have already hit upon the answer
+to my question. Know, then, that the first tumbler
+was Lucifer, when he was cast or thrown headlong from
+heaven, and came tumbling down to the lowest abyss."</p>
+
+<p>"Sancho," quoth Don Quixote, "thou hast said
+more than thou art aware of; for some there are who
+bestow much labor in examining and explaining things
+which when known are not worth recollecting."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>I am thoroughly satisfied that all the pleasures of
+this life pass away like a shadow or dream, or fade
+like a flower of the field.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Patience, and shuffle the cards.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>We are all bound to respect the aged.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">169</a></span>
+Tell me thy company and I will tell thee what thou
+art.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Whatever is uncommon appears impossible.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the braying aldermen.</span></div>
+
+<p>"You must know, gentlemen, that in a town four
+leagues and a half from this place, a certain alderman
+happened to lose his ass, all through the artful contrivance
+(too long to be told) of a wench his maid-servant;
+and though he tried every means to recover his
+beast, it was to no purpose. Fifteen days passed, as
+public fame reports, after the ass was missing, and while
+the unlucky alderman was standing in the market-place,
+another alderman of the same town came up to him,
+and said, 'Pay me for my good news, gossip, for your
+ass has made its appearance.'</p>
+
+<p>"'Most willingly, neighbor,' answered the other;
+'but tell me&mdash;where has he been seen?'</p>
+
+<p>"'On the mountain,' answered the other; 'I saw him
+there this morning, with no panel or furniture upon him
+of any kind, and so lank that it was grievous to behold
+him. I would have driven him before me and brought
+him to you, but he is already become so shy that when
+I went near him he took to his heels and fled to a distance
+from me. Now, if you like it we will both go
+seek him; but first let me put up this of mine at home,
+and I will return instantly.'</p>
+
+<p>"'You will do me a great favor,' said the owner of
+the lost ass, 'and I shall be happy at any time to do as
+much for you.'</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">170</a></span>
+"In short the two aldermen, hand in hand and side
+by side, trudged together up the hill; and on coming
+to the place where they expected to find the ass, they
+found him not, nor was he anywhere to be seen, though
+they made diligent search. Being thus disappointed,
+the alderman who had seen him said to the other,
+'Hark you, friend, I have thought of a stratagem by
+which we shall certainly discover this animal, even
+though he had crept into the bowels of the earth, instead
+of the mountain; and it is this: I can bray marvellously
+well, and if you can do a little in that way the business
+is done.'</p>
+
+<p>"'A little, say you, neighbor?' quoth the other,
+'before Heaven, in braying I yield to none&mdash;no, not
+to asses themselves.'</p>
+
+<p>"'We shall soon see that,' answered the second
+alderman; 'go you on one side of the mountain, while
+I take the other, and let us walk round it, and every
+now and then you shall bray, and I will bray; and the
+ass will certainly hear and answer us, if he still remains
+in these parts.' 'Verily, neighbor, your device
+is excellent, and worthy your good parts,' said the
+owner of the ass.</p>
+
+<p>"They then separated, according to agreement, and
+both began braying at the same instant, with such
+marvellous truth of imitation that, mutually deceived,
+each ran towards the other, not doubting but that the
+ass was found; and, on meeting, the loser said, 'Is
+it possible, friend, that it was not my ass that
+brayed?'</p>
+
+<p>"'No, it was I,' answered the other.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">171</a></span>
+"'I declare, then,' said the owner, 'that, as far as
+regards braying, there is not the least difference between
+you and an ass; for in my life I never heard
+anything more natural.'</p>
+
+<p>"'These praises and compliments,' answered the
+author of the stratagem, 'belong rather to you than to
+me, friend; for by Him that made me, you could give
+the odds of two brays to the greatest and most skilful
+brayer in the world; for your tones are rich, your time
+correct, your notes well sustained, and cadences abrupt
+and beautiful; in short, I own myself vanquished, and
+yield to you the palm in this rare talent.'</p>
+
+<p>"'Truly,' answered the ass owner, 'I shall value
+and esteem myself the more henceforth, since I am not
+without some endowment. It is true, I fancy that I
+brayed indifferently well, yet never flattered myself that
+I excelled so much as you are pleased to say.'</p>
+
+<p>"'I tell you,' answered the second, 'there are rare
+abilities often lost to the world, and they are ill-bestowed
+on those who know not how to employ them
+to advantage.'</p>
+
+<p>"'Right, brother,' quoth the owner, 'though, except
+in cases like the present, ours may not turn to
+much account; and even in this business, Heaven
+grant it may prove of service.'</p>
+
+<p>"This said, they separated again, to resume their
+braying; and each time were deceived as before, and
+met again, till they at length agreed, as a signal, to
+distinguish their own voices from that of the ass, that
+they should bray twice together, one immediately after
+the other. Thus, doubling their brayings, they made
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">172</a></span>
+the tour of the whole mountain, without having any
+answer from the stray ass, not even by signs. How,
+indeed, could the poor creature answer, whom at last
+they found in a thicket, half devoured by wolves? On
+seeing the body, the owner said, 'Truly, I wondered
+at his silence; for, had he not been dead, he certainly
+would have answered us, or he were no true ass; nevertheless,
+neighbor, though I have found him dead, my
+trouble in the search has been well repaid in listening
+to your exquisite braying.'</p>
+
+<p>"'It is in good hands, friend,' answered the other;
+'for if the abbot sings well, the novice comes not far
+behind him.'</p>
+
+<p>"Hereupon they returned home hoarse and disconsolate,
+and told their friends and neighbors all that
+had happened to them in their search after the ass;
+each of them extolling the other for his excellence in
+braying. The story spread all over the adjacent villages,
+and the devil, who sleeps not, as he loves to sow
+discord wherever he can, raising a bustle in the wind,
+and mischief out of nothing, so ordered it that all the
+neighboring villagers, at the sight of any of our towns-people,
+would immediately begin to bray, as it were
+hitting us in the teeth with the notable talent of our
+aldermen. The boys fell to it, which was the same as
+falling into the hands and mouths of a legion of devils;
+and thus braying spread far and wide, insomuch that
+the natives of the town of Bray are as well known and
+distinguished as the negroes are from white men.
+And this unhappy jest has been carried so far that our
+people have often sallied out in arms against their
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">173</a></span>
+scoffers, and given them battle: neither king nor rook,
+nor fear nor shame, being able to restrain them. Tomorrow,
+I believe, or next day, those of our town will
+take the field against the people of another village
+about two leagues from us, being one of those which
+persecute us most: and I have brought the lances and
+halberds which you saw, that we may be well prepared
+for them."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The hypocrite who cloaks his knavery is less dangerous
+to the commonwealth than he who transgresses
+in the face of day.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He who only wears the garb of piety does less harm
+than the professed sinner.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>I had rather serve the king in his wars abroad, than
+be the lackey of any beggarly courtier at home.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There is nothing more honorable, next to the service
+which you owe to God, than to serve your king
+and natural lord, especially in the profession of arms,
+which, if less profitable than learning, far exceeds it
+in glory. More great families, it is true, have been
+established by learning, yet there is in the martial
+character a certain splendor, which seems to exalt it
+far above all other pursuits. But allow me, sir, to
+offer you a piece of advice, which, believe me, you will
+find worth your attention. Never suffer your mind to
+dwell on the adverse events of your life; for the worst
+that can befall you is death, and when attended with
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">174</a></span>
+honor there is no event so glorious. Julius C&aelig;sar,
+that valorous Roman, being asked which was the kind
+of death to be preferred, "That," said he, "which is
+sudden and unforeseen!"</p>
+
+<p>Though he answered like a heathen, who knew not
+the true God, yet, considering human infirmity, it was
+well said. For, supposing you should be cut off in the
+very first encounter, either by cannon-shot or the
+springing of a mine, what does it signify? it is but
+dying, which is inevitable, and, being over, there it
+ends. Terence observes that the corpse of a man who
+is slain in battle looks better than the living soldier
+who has saved himself by flight; and the good soldier
+rises in estimation according to the measure of his
+obedience to those who command him. Observe,
+moreover, my son, that a soldier had better smell of
+gunpowder than of musk; and if old age overtakes
+you in this noble profession, though lame and maimed,
+and covered with wounds, it will find you also covered
+with honor; and of such honor as poverty itself cannot
+deprive you. From poverty, indeed, you are secure;
+for care is now taken that veteran and disabled
+soldiers shall not be exposed to want, nor be treated
+as many do their negro slaves, when old and past service,
+turning them out of their houses, and, under
+pretence of giving them freedom, leave them slaves to
+hunger, from which they can have no relief but in
+death.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There are often rare abilities lost to the world that
+are but ill-bestowed on those who do not know how to
+employ them to advantage.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">175</a></span>
+Who reads and travels much, sees and learns much.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>It is the prerogative of God alone to truly comprehend
+all things. To Him there is nothing past or
+future. Everything is present.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There is nothing that Time, the discoverer of all
+things, will not bring to light, even though it be hidden
+in the bowels of the earth.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Length begets loathing.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Heaven is merciful, and sends relief in the greatest
+distress.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Affectation is the devil.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Heaven help every one to what is their just due, but
+let us have plain dealing.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">When choler once is born,</span>
+<span class="i0">The tongue all curb doth scorn.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>When a brave man flies, he must have discovered
+foul play.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>To retire is not to fly. The valor which has not prudence
+for its basis is termed rashness, and the successful
+exploits of the rash are rather to be ascribed to good
+fortune than to courage.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">176</a></span>
+Other men's pains are easily borne.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">He who errs and mends,</span>
+<span class="i0">Himself to Heaven commends.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Those who sin and kiss the rod,</span>
+<span class="i0">Find favor in the sight of God.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">If you obey the commands of your lord,</span>
+<span class="i0">You may sit as a guest at his board.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>In this world there is nothing but plots and counter-plots,
+mines and countermines.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A good paymaster needs no surety; and where there
+is plenty, dinner is soon dressed.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Often the hare starts where she is least expected.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>I have heard it said that the power called Nature is
+like a potter, who, if he can make one beautiful vessel,
+can in like manner make two, three, ay, and a hundred.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Wit and gay conceits proceed not from dull heads.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Every man must speak of his wants wherever he
+may be.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Modesty is as becoming a knight-errant as courage.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The master is respected in proportion to the discretion
+and good breeding of his servants.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">177</a></span>
+Who sets up for a talker and a wit, sinks at the first
+trip into a contemptible buffoon.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The weapons of gownsmen, like those of women, are
+their tongues.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Keep company with the good, and you will be one of
+them.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Not where you were born, but where you were bred.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Well sheltered shall he be</span>
+<span class="i0">Who leans against a sturdy tree.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>An affront must come from a person who not only
+gives it, but who can maintain it when it is given; an
+injury may come from any hand.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He who can receive no affront can give none.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>One must live long to see much.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He who lives long; must suffer much.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>To deprive a knight-errant of his mistress is to rob
+him of the eyes with which he sees, the sun by which
+he is enlightened, and the support by which he is maintained.
+I have many times said, and now I repeat the
+observation, that a knight-errant without a mistress is
+like a tree without leaves, a building without cement,
+and a shadow without the substance by which it is
+produced.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">178</a></span>
+Possessing beauty without blemish, dignity without
+pride, love with modesty, politeness springing from
+courtesy, and courtesy from good breeding, and, finally,
+of illustrious descent: for the beauty that is of a noble
+race shines with more splendor than that which is
+meanly born.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Virtue ennobles blood, and a virtuous person of
+humble birth is more estimable than a vicious person
+of rank.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>I must inform your graces that Sancho Panza is
+one of the most pleasant squires that ever served a
+knight-errant. Sometimes his simplicity is so arch,
+that to consider whether he is more fool or wag yields
+abundance of pleasure. He has roguery enough to pass
+for a knave, and absurdities sufficient to confirm him a
+fool. He doubts everything and believes everything;
+and often, when I think he is going to discharge nonsense,
+he will utter apothegms that will raise him to the skies.
+In a word, I would not exchange him for any other
+squire, even with a city to boot; and therefore I am in
+doubt whether or not it will be expedient to send him
+to that government which your grace has been so good
+as to bestow upon him, although I can perceive in him
+a certain aptitude for such an office; so that, when his
+understanding is a very little polished, he will agree
+with any government, like the king with his customs;
+for we know by repeated experience that great talents
+and learning are not necessary in a governor, as there
+are a hundred at least who govern like gerfalcons,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">179</a></span>
+though they can hardly read their mother tongue. Provided
+their intention is righteous and their desire to do
+justice, they will never want counsellors to direct them
+in every transaction, like your military governors, who
+being illiterate themselves, never decide without the
+advice of an assessor. I shall advise him corruption
+to eschew, but never quit his due, and inculcate some
+other small matters that are in my head, which, in
+process of time, may redound to his own interest as
+well as to the advantage of the island under his command.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The customs of countries, or of great men's houses,
+are good as far as they are agreeable.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"Faith, madam," quoth Sancho, "that same scruple
+is an honest scruple, and need not speak in a whisper,
+but plain out, or as it lists; for I know it says true, and
+had I been wise, I should long since have left my master
+but such is my lot, or such my evil-errantry, I
+cannot help it,&mdash;follow him I must. We are both
+of the same town; I have eaten his bread; I love him,
+and he returns my love; he gave me his ass-colts.
+Above all, I am faithful, so that nothing in the world,
+can part us but the sexton's spade and shovel; and if
+your highness does not choose to give me the government
+you promised, God made me without it, and perhaps
+it may be all the better for my conscience if I do
+not get it; for fool as I am, I understand the proverb,
+'The pismire had wings to her sorrow;' and perhaps it
+may be easier for Sancho the squire to get to heaven
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">180</a></span>
+than for Sancho the governor. They make as good
+bread here as in France, and by night all cats are gray.
+Unhappy is he who has not breakfasted at three, and
+no stomach is a span bigger than another, and may be
+filled as they say, with straw or with hay.</p>
+
+<p>"Of the little birds in the air, God himself takes the
+care; and four yards of coarse cloth of Cuenza are
+warmer than as many of fine Segovia serge; and in
+travelling from this world to the next, the road is no
+wider for the prince than the peasant. The Pope's
+body takes up no more room than that of the sexton,
+though a loftier person, for in the grave we must pack
+close together whether we like it or not; so good-night
+to all.</p>
+
+<p>"And let me tell you again that if your highness will
+not give me the island because I am a fool, I will be
+wise enough not to care a fig for it. I have heard say
+the devil lurks behind the cross; all is not gold that
+glitters. From the plough-tail Bamba was raised to
+the throne of Spain, and from his riches and revels
+was Roderigo cast down to be devoured by serpents,
+if ancient ballads tell the truth."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">None shall dare the loaf to steal</span>
+<span class="i0">From him that sifts and kneads the meal.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>An old dog is not to be coaxed with a crust.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>No man is ever a scholar at his birth, and bishops
+are made of men, not of stones.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">181</a></span>
+There is a Judge in heaven who knows the heart.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A good name is better than tons of gold.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"And you, Signor Panza, be quiet and leave the care
+of making much of Dapple to me; for being a jewel of
+Sancho's, I will lay him upon the apple of my eye."</p>
+
+<p>"Let him lie in the stable, my good lady," answered
+Sancho, "for upon the apple of your grandeur's eye
+neither he nor I are worthy to lie one single moment,&mdash;'slife!
+they should stick me like a sheep sooner than I
+would consent to such a thing; for though my master
+says that, in respect to good manners, we should rather
+lose the game by a card too much than too little, yet,
+when the business in hand is about asses and eyes, we
+should step warily, with compass in hand."</p>
+
+<p>"Carry him, Sancho," quoth the Duchess, "to your
+government, and there you may regale him as you
+please, and set him free from further labor."</p>
+
+<p>"Think not, my lady Duchess," quoth Sancho, "that
+you have said much, for I have seen more asses than
+one go to governments, and therefore, if I should carry
+mine, it would be nothing new."</p>
+
+
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">sancho's plight.</span></div>
+
+<p>The Duke and Duchess were extremely diverted with
+the humors of their two guests; and resolving to improve
+their sport by practising some pleasantries that
+should have the appearance of a romantic adventure,
+they contrived to dress up a very choice entertainment
+from Don Quixote's account of the Cave of Montesinos,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">182</a></span>
+taking that subject because the Duchess had observed
+with astonishment that Sancho now believed his lady
+Dulcinea was really enchanted, although he himself had
+been her sole enchanter! Accordingly, after the servants
+had been well instructed as to their deportment
+towards Don Quixote, a boar-hunt was proposed, and
+it was determined to set out in five or six days with a
+princely train of huntsmen. The knight was presented
+with a hunting suit proper for the occasion, which,
+however, he declined, saying that he must soon return
+to the severe duties of his profession, when, having no
+sumpters nor wardrobes, such things would be superfluous.
+But Sancho readily accepted a suit of fine green
+cloth which was offered to him, intending to sell it the
+first opportunity.</p>
+
+<p>The appointed day being come, Don Quixote armed
+himself, and Sancho in his new suit mounted Dapple
+(which he preferred to a horse that was offered him)
+and joined the troop of hunters. The Duchess issued
+forth magnificently attired, and Don Quixote, out of
+pure politeness, would hold the reins of the palfrey,
+though the Duke was unwilling to allow it. Having
+arrived at the proposed scene of their diversion,
+which was in a wood between two lofty mountains,
+they posted themselves in places where the toils were
+to be pitched; and all the party having taken their
+different stations, the sport began with prodigious noise
+and clamor, insomuch that between the shouts of the
+huntsmen, the cry of the hounds, and the sound of
+the horns, they could not hear each other.</p>
+
+<p>The Duchess alighted, and with a boar-spear in her
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">183</a></span>
+hand, took her stand in a place where she expected
+the boars would pass. The Duke and Don Quixote
+dismounted also, and placed themselves by her side;
+while Sancho took his station behind them all, with
+his Dapple, whom he would not quit, lest some mischance
+should befall him. Scarcely had they ranged
+themselves in order when a hideous boar of monstrous
+size rushed out of cover, pursued by the dogs and hunters,
+and made directly towards them, gnashing his teeth
+and tossing foam with his mouth.</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote, on seeing him approach, braced his
+shield, and drawing his sword, stepped before the rest
+to meet him. The Duke joined him with his boar-spear,
+and the Duchess would have been the foremost
+had not the Duke prevented her. Sancho alone stood
+aghast, and at the sight of the fierce animal, leaving
+even his Dapple, ran in terror towards a lofty oak, in
+which he hoped to be secure; but his hopes were in
+vain, for, as he was struggling to reach the top, and
+had got half-way up, unfortunately a branch to which
+he clung, gave way, and falling with it, he was caught
+by the stump of another, and here left suspended in the
+air, so that he could neither get up nor down.</p>
+
+<p>Finding himself in this situation, with his new green
+coat tearing, and almost in reach of the terrible creature
+should it chance to come that way, he began to
+bawl so loud and to call for help so vehemently, that
+all who heard him and did not see him thought verily
+he was between the teeth of some wild beast. The
+tusked boar, however, was soon laid at length by the
+numerous spears that were levelled at him from all
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">184</a></span>
+sides, at which time Sancho's cries and lamentations
+reached the ears of Don Quixote, who, turning round,
+beheld him hanging from the oak with his head downwards,
+and close by him stood Dapple, who never forsook
+him in adversity,&mdash;indeed, it was remarked by Cid
+Hamet, that he seldom saw Sancho Panza without
+Dapple, or Dapple without Sancho Panza, such was
+the amity and cordial love that subsisted between
+them!</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote hastened to the assistance of his squire,
+who was no sooner released than he began to examine
+the rent in his hunting suit, which grieved him to the
+soul, for he looked upon that suit as a rich inheritance.</p>
+
+<p>The huge animal they had slain was laid across
+a sumpter-mule, and after covering it with branches of
+rosemary and myrtle, they carried it, as the spoils of
+victory, to a large field-tent, erected in the midst of the
+wood, where a sumptuous entertainment was prepared,
+worthy of the magnificence of the donor. Sancho,
+showing the wounds of the torn garments to the Duchess,
+said: "Had hares or birds been our game, I should
+not have had this misfortune. For my part I cannot
+think what pleasure there can be in beating about for
+a monster that, if it reaches you with a tusk, may be
+the death of you. There is an old ballad which says,&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i_04">"'May fate of Fabila be thine,</span>
+<span class="i0">And make thee food for bears or swine.'"</span>
+</div></div>
+<p>"That Fabila," said Don Quixote, "was a king of
+the Goths, who, going to the chase, was devoured by
+a bear."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">185</a></span>
+"What I mean," quoth Sancho, "is, that I would
+not have kings and other great folks run into such
+dangers merely for pleasure; and, indeed, methinks
+it ought to be none to kill poor beasts that never meant
+any harm."</p>
+
+<p>"You are mistaken, Sancho," said the duke, "hunting
+wild beasts is the most proper exercise for knights
+and princes. The chase is an image of war: there you
+have stratagems, artifices, and ambuscades to be employed,
+in order to overcome your enemy with safety to
+yourself. There, too, you are often exposed to the
+extremes of cold and heat; idleness and ease are despised;
+the body acquires health and vigorous activity:
+in short, it is an exercise which may be beneficial to
+many and injurious to none. Besides, it is not a vulgar
+amusement, but, like hawking, is the peculiar sport
+of the great. Therefore, Sancho, change your opinion
+before you become a governor, for then you will find
+your account in these diversions."</p>
+
+<p>"Not so, i' faith," replied Sancho, "the good governor
+and the broken leg should keep at home. It
+would be fine, indeed, for people to come after him
+about business and find him gadding in the mountains
+for his pleasure. At that rate what would become of
+his government? In good truth, sir, hunting and such
+like pastimes are rather for your idle companions than
+for governors. The way I mean to divert myself shall
+be with brag at Easter and at bowls on Sundays and
+holidays; as for your hunting, it befits neither my condition
+nor conscience."</p>
+
+<p>"Heaven grant you prove as good as you promise,"
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">186</a></span>
+said the duke, "but saying and doing are often wide
+apart."</p>
+
+<p>"Be that as it will," replied Sancho, "the good
+paymaster wants no pawn; and God's help is better
+than early rising, and the belly carries the legs, and
+not the legs the belly,&mdash;I mean that, with the help of
+Heaven and a good intention, I warrant I shall govern
+better than a gos-hawk. Ay, ay, let them put their
+fingers in my mouth and try whether or not I can
+bite."</p>
+
+<p>"A curse upon thy proverbs," said Don Quixote,
+"when will the day come that I shall hear thee utter
+one coherent sentence without that base intermixture!
+Let this blockhead alone, I beseech your excellencies,
+He will grind your souls to death, not between two, but
+two thousand proverbs, all timed as well and as much
+to the purpose as I wish God may grant him health, or
+me, if I desire to hear them."</p>
+
+<p>"Sancho Panza's proverbs," said the duchess, "though
+more numerous than those of the Greek commentator,
+are equally admirable for their sententious brevity."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He who has been a good squire will never be a bad
+governor.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A bad cloak often covers a good drinker.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>When a friend drinks one's health, who can be so
+hard-hearted as not to pledge him?</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>God's help is better than early rising.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">187</a></span>
+Flame may give light and bonfires may illuminate,
+yet we may easily be burnt by them; but music is
+always a sign of feasting and merriment.</p>
+<hr class="three" />
+<p class="indent"><span class="smcap">the account of the method prescribed to don
+quixote for disenchanting dulcinea; with
+other wonderful events.</span></p>
+
+<p>As the agreeable music approached, they observed
+that it attended a stately triumphal car, drawn by six
+gray mules covered with white linen, and upon each of
+them rode a penitent of light, clothed also in white, and
+holding a lighted torch in his hand. The car was more
+than double the size of the others which had passed,
+and twelve penitents were ranged in order within it,
+all carrying lighted torches,&mdash;a sight which at once
+caused surprise and terror. Upon an elevated throne
+sat a nymph, covered with a thousand veils of silver
+tissue, bespangled with innumerable flowers of gold,
+so that her dress, if not rich, was gay and glittering.
+Over her head was thrown a transparent gauze, so thin
+that through its folds might be seen a most beautiful
+face; and from the multitude of lights, it was easy to
+discern that she was young as well as beautiful, for she
+was evidently under twenty years of age, though not
+less than seventeen. Close by her sat a figure, clad in
+a magnificent robe reaching to the feet, having his head
+covered with a black veil.</p>
+
+<p>The moment this vast machine arrived opposite to
+where the duke and duchess and Don Quixote stood,
+the attending music ceased, as well as the harps and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">188</a></span>
+lutes within the car. The figure in the gown then
+stood up, and throwing open the robe and uncovering
+his face; displayed the ghastly countenance of death,
+looking so terrific that Don Quixote started, Sancho
+was struck with terror, and even the duke and duchess
+seemed to betray some symptoms of fear. This living
+Death, standing erect, in a dull and drowsy tone and
+with a sleepy articulation, spoke as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;"><span class="smcap">the enchanter's errand.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Merlin I am, miscalled the devil's son</span>
+<span class="i0">In lying annals, authorized by time;</span>
+<span class="i0">Monarch supreme, and great depositary</span>
+<span class="i0">Of magic art and Zoroastic skill;</span>
+<span class="i0">Rival of envious ages, that would hide</span>
+<span class="i0">The glorious deeds of errant cavaliers,</span>
+<span class="i0">Favored by me and my peculiar charge.</span>
+<span class="i0">Though vile enchanters, still on mischief bent,</span>
+<span class="i0">To plague mankind their baleful art employ,</span>
+<span class="i0">Merlin's soft nature, ever prone to good,</span>
+<span class="i0">His power inclines to bless the human race.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">In Hades' chambers, where my busied ghost</span>
+<span class="i0">Was forming spells and mystic characters,</span>
+<span class="i0">Dulcinea's voice, peerless Tobosan maid,</span>
+<span class="i0">With mournful accents reached my pitying ears;</span>
+<span class="i0">I knew her woe, her metamorphosed form,</span>
+<span class="i0">From high-born beauty in a palace graced,</span>
+<span class="i0">To the loathed features of a cottage wench.</span>
+<span class="i0">With sympathizing grief I straight revolved</span>
+<span class="i0">The numerous tomes of my detested art,</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">189</a></span>
+<span class="i0">And in the hollow of this skeleton</span>
+<span class="i0">My soul enclosing, hither am I come,</span>
+<span class="i0">To tell the cure of such uncommon ills.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O glory thou of all that case their limbs</span>
+<span class="i0">In polished steel and fenceful adamant!</span>
+<span class="i0">Light, beacon, polar star, and glorious guide</span>
+<span class="i0">Of all who, starting from the lazy down,</span>
+<span class="i0">Banish ignoble sleep for the rude toil</span>
+<span class="i0">And hardy exercise of errant arms!</span>
+<span class="i0">Spain's boasted pride, La Mancha's matchless knight,</span>
+<span class="i0">Whose valiant deeds outstrip pursuing fame!</span>
+<span class="i0">Wouldst thou to beauty's pristine state restore</span>
+<span class="i0">The enchanted dame, Sancho, thy faithful squire,</span>
+<span class="i0">Must to his brawny buttocks, bare exposed,</span>
+<span class="i0">Three thousand and three hundred stripes apply,</span>
+<span class="i0">Such as may sting and give him smarting pain:</span>
+<span class="i0">The authors of her change have thus decreed,</span>
+<span class="i0">And this is Merlin's errand from the shades.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the parley about the penance.</span></div>
+
+
+<p>"What!" quoth Sancho, "three thousand lashes!
+Odd's-flesh! I will as soon give myself three stabs as
+three single lashes, much less three thousand! The
+devil take this way of disenchanting! I cannot see what
+my buttocks have to do with enchantments. Before
+Heaven! if Signor Merlin can find out no other way to
+disenchant the lady Dulcinea del Toboso, enchanted
+she may go to her grave for me!"</p>
+
+<p>"Not lash thyself! thou garlic-eating wretch!"
+quoth Don Quixote; "I shall take thee to a tree, and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">190</a></span>
+tie thee naked as thou wert born, and there, not three
+thousand and three hundred, but six thousand six
+hundred lashes will I give thee, and those so well laid
+on that three thousand three hundred hard tugs shall not
+tug them off. So answer me not a word, scoundrel!
+for I will tear thy very soul out!"</p>
+
+<p>"It must not be so," said Merlin; "the lashes that
+honest Sancho is to receive must not be applied by
+force, but with his good-will, and at whatever time he
+pleases, for no term is fixed; and furthermore, he is
+allowed, if he please, to save himself half the trouble
+of applying so many lashes, by having half the number
+laid on by another hand, provided that hand be somewhat
+heavier than his own."</p>
+
+<p>"Neither another hand nor my own," quoth Sancho,
+"no hand, either heavy or light, shall touch my flesh.
+Was the lady Dulcinea brought forth by me that my
+posteriors must pay for the transgressions of her eyes?
+My master, indeed, who is part of her, since at every
+step he is calling her his life, his soul, his support and
+stay,&mdash;he it is who ought to lash himself for her and
+do all that is needful for her delivery; but for me to
+whip myself,&mdash;no, I pronounce it!"</p>
+
+<p>No sooner had Sancho thus declared himself than
+the spangled nymph who sat by the side of Merlin
+arose, and throwing aside her veil, discovered a face
+of extraordinary beauty; and with a masculine air
+and no very amiable voice, addressed herself to Sancho:
+"O wretched squire, with no more soul than a
+pitcher! thou heart of cork and bowels of flint! hadst
+thou been required, nose-slitting thief! to throw thyself
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">191</a></span>
+from some high tower; hadst thou been desired, enemy
+of human kind! to eat a dozen of toads, two dozen of
+lizards, and three dozen of snakes; hadst thou been
+requested to kill thy wife and children with some
+bloody and sharp scimitar,&mdash;no wonder if thou hadst
+betrayed some squeamishness; but to hesitate about
+three thousand three hundred lashes, which there is
+not a wretched school-boy but receives every month, it
+amazes, stupefies, and affrights the tender bowels of all
+who hear it, and even of all who shall hereafter be told
+it. Cast, thou marble-hearted wretch!&mdash;cast, I say,
+those huge goggle eyes upon these lovely balls of mine,
+that shine like glittering stars, and thou wilt see them
+weep, drop by drop, and stream after stream, making
+furrows, tracks, and paths down these beautiful cheeks!
+Relent, malicious and evil-minded monster! Be moved
+by my blooming youth, which, though yet in its teens,
+is pining and withering beneath the vile bark of a
+peasant wench; and if at this moment I appear otherwise,
+it is by the special favor of Signor Merlin, here
+present, hoping that these charms may soften that iron
+heart, for the tears of afflicted beauty turn rocks into
+cotton and tigers into lambs. Lash, untamed beast!
+lash away on that brawny flesh of thine, and rouse from
+that base sloth which only inclines thee to eat and eat
+again, and restore to me the delicacy of my skin, the
+sweetness of my temper, and all the charms of beauty.
+And if for my sake thou wilt not be mollified into reasonable
+compliance, let the anguish of that miserable
+knight stir thee to compassion,&mdash;thy master, I mean,
+whose soul I see sticking crosswise in his throat, not
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">192</a></span>
+ten inches from his lips, waiting only thy cruel or kind
+answer either to fly out of his mouth or to return joyfully
+into his bosom."</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote, here putting his finger to his throat,
+"Before Heaven!" said he, "Dulcinea is right, for
+I here feel my soul sticking in my throat like the stopper
+of a crossbow!"</p>
+
+<p>"What say you to that, Sancho?" quoth the duchess.</p>
+
+<p>"I say, madam," answered Sancho, "what I have
+already said, that as to the lashes, I pronounce them."</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Renounce</i>, you should say, Sancho," quoth the duke,
+"and not pronounce."</p>
+
+<p>"Please your grandeur to let me alone," replied
+Sancho, "for I cannot stand now to a letter more or
+less. These lashes so torment me that I know not
+what I say or do. But I would fain know one thing
+from the Lady Dulcinea del Toboso, and that is, where
+she learnt her manner of asking a favor? She comes
+to desire me to tear my flesh with stripes, and at the
+same time lays upon me such a bead-roll of ill names
+that the devil may bear them for me. What! does she
+think my flesh is made of brass? or that I care a rush
+whether she is enchanted or not? Where are the presents
+she has brought to soften me? Instead of a basket
+of fine linen shirts, night-caps, and socks (though I wear
+none), here is nothing but abuse. Every one knows that
+'the golden load is a burden light;' that 'gifts will
+make their way through stone walls;' 'pray devoutly
+and hammer on stoutly;' and 'one take is worth two
+I'll give thee's.' There's his worship my master, too,
+instead of wheedling and coaxing me to make myself
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">193</a></span>
+wool and carded cotton, threatens to tie me naked to a
+tree and double the dose of stripes. These tender-hearted
+gentlefolks ought to remember, too, that they
+not only desire to have a squire whipped, but a governor,
+making no more of it than saying, 'Drink with
+your cherries.' Let them learn,&mdash;plague take them!&mdash;let
+them learn how to ask and entreat, and mind
+their breeding. All times are not alike, nor are men
+always in a humor for all things. At this moment my
+heart is ready to burst with grief to see this rent in
+my jacket, and people come to desire that I would also
+tear my flesh, and that, too, of my own good will. I
+have just as much mind to the thing as to turn
+Turk."</p>
+
+<p>"In truth, friend Sancho," said the duke, "if you
+do not relent and become softer than a ripe fig, you
+finger no government. It were good indeed, that I
+should send my islanders a cruel flinty-hearted governor;
+one who relents not at the tears of afflicted damsels,
+nor at the entreaties of wise, awful, and ancient
+enchanters, and sages. In fine, Sancho, either you
+must whip yourself, or let others whip you, or be no
+governor."</p>
+
+<p>"My lord," answered Sancho, "may I not be allowed
+two days to consider what is best for me to do?"</p>
+
+<p>"No, in no wise," quoth Merlin; "here, at this instant
+and upon this spot, the business must be settled: or
+Dulcinea must return to Montesinos' cave, and to her
+former condition of a country wench; or else in her
+present form be carried to the Elysian fields, where
+she must wait till the number of lashes be fulfilled."
+</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">194</a></span>
+"Come, honest Sancho," quoth the duchess, "be of
+good cheer, and show gratitude for the bread you have
+eaten of your master Don Quixote, whom we are all
+bound to serve for his good qualities and his high
+chivalries. Say, yes, son, to this whipping bout, and
+the devil take the devil, and let the wretched fear;
+for a good heart breaks bad fortune, as you well
+know."</p>
+
+<p>"Hark you, Signor Merlin," quoth Sancho, addressing
+himself to the sage; "pray will you tell me one
+thing&mdash;how comes it about that the devil-courier just
+now brought a message to my master from Signor
+Montesinos, saying that he would be here anon, to give
+directions about this disenchantment; and yet we
+have seen nothing of them all this while?"</p>
+
+<p>"Pshaw!" replied Merlin, "the devil is an ass and
+a lying rascal; he was sent from me and not from
+Montesinos, who is still in his cave contriving, or
+rather awaiting, the end of his enchantment, for the
+tail is yet unflayed. If he owes you money, or you
+have any other business with him, he shall be forthcoming
+in a trice, when and where you think fit; and
+therefore come to a decision, and consent to this small
+penance, from which both your soul and body will
+receive marvellous benefit; your soul by an act of
+charity, and your body by a wholesome and timely
+bloodletting."</p>
+
+<p>"How the world swarms with doctors," quoth Sancho,
+"the very enchanters seem to be of a trade!
+Well, since everybody tells me so, though the thing is
+out of all reason, I promise to give myself the three thousand
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">195</a></span>
+three hundred lashes, upon condition that I may
+lay them on whenever I please, without being tied to
+days or times; and I will endeavor to get out of debt
+as soon as I possibly can, that the beauty of my lady
+Dulcinea del Toboso may shine forth to all the world;
+as it seems she is really beautiful, which I much
+doubted. Another condition is, that I will not be
+bound to draw blood, and if some lashes happen only
+to fly-flap, they shall all go into the account. Moreover
+if I should mistake in the reckoning, Signor Merlin
+here, who knows everything, shall give me notice
+how many I want or have exceeded."</p>
+
+<p>"As for exceedings, there is no need of keeping account
+of them," answered Merlin; "for when the
+number is completed, that instant will the lady Dulcinea
+del Toboso be disenchanted, and come full of gratitude
+in search of good Sancho, to thank and even
+reward him for the generous deed. So that no scruples
+are necessary about surplus and deficiency; and
+Heaven forbid that I should allow anybody to be
+cheated of a single hair of their head."</p>
+
+<p>"Go to, then, in God's name," quoth Sancho; "I
+must submit to my ill fortune: I say I consent to the
+penance upon the conditions I have mentioned."</p>
+
+<p>No sooner had Sancho pronounced his consent than
+the innumerable instruments poured forth their music,
+the volleys of musketry were discharged, while Don
+Quixote clung about Sancho's neck, giving him, on his
+forehead and brawny cheeks, a thousand kisses; the
+duke and duchess, and all who were present, likewise
+testified their satisfaction. The car now moved on,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">196</a></span>
+and in departing the fair Dulcinea bowed her head to
+the duke and duchess, and made a low curtesy to
+Sancho.</p>
+
+<p>By this time the cheerful and joyous dawn began to
+appear, the flowerets of the fields expanded their fragrant
+beauties to the light; and brooks and streams, in
+gentle murmurs, ran to pay expecting rivers in their
+crystal tribute. The earth rejoiced, the sky was clear,
+and the air serene and calm; all, combined and separately,
+giving manifest tokens that the day, which followed
+fast upon Aurora's heels, would be bright and
+fair. The duke and duchess, having happily executed
+their ingenious project, returned highly gratified to
+their castle, and determined on the continuation of
+fictions which afforded more pleasures than realities.</p>
+
+<hr class="hr" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">sancho panza's letter to his wife teresa panza.</span></div>
+
+<p>If I have been finely lashed, I have been finely
+mounted up: if I have got a good government, it has
+cost me many good lashes. This, my dear Teresa, thou
+canst not understand at present; another time thou
+wilt.</p>
+
+<p>Thou must know, Teresa, that I am determined that
+thou shalt ride in thy coach, which is somewhat to the
+purpose, for all other ways of going are no better than
+creeping upon all fours, like a cat. Thou shalt be a
+governor's wife; see then whether anybody will dare
+to tread on thy heels. I here send thee a green hunting-suit
+which my lady duchess gave me; fit it up so
+that it may serve our daughter for a jacket and petticoat.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">197</a></span>
+They say in this country that my master Don
+Quixote is a sensible madman and a pleasant fool, and
+that I am not a whit behind him. We have been in
+Montesino's cave, and the sage Merlin, the wizard, has
+pitched upon me to disenchant the Lady Dulcinea del
+Toboso, who among you is called Aldonza Lorenzo.
+When I have given myself three thousand and three
+hundred lashes, lacking five, she will be as free from
+enchantment as the mother that bore her.</p>
+
+<p>Say nothing of this to anybody; for, bring your
+affairs into council, and one will cry it is white, another
+it is black. A few days hence I shall go to the
+government, whither I go with a huge desire to get
+money; and I am told it is the same with all new
+governors. I will first see how matters stand, and send
+thee word whether or not thou shalt come to me.</p>
+
+<p>Dapple is well, and sends thee his hearty service;
+part with him I will not, though I were made the great
+Turk. The duchess, my mistress, kisses thy hands a
+thousand times over. Return her two thousand; for,
+as my master says, nothing is cheaper than civil words.
+God has not been pleased to throw in my way another
+portmanteau and another hundred crowns, as once before;
+but take no heed, my dear Teresa, for he that
+has the game in his hand need not mind the loss of a
+trick,&mdash;the government will make up for all. One
+thing only troubles me: I am told if I once try it I
+shall eat my very fingers after it; and if so, it will not
+be much of a bargain, though, indeed, the crippled and
+maimed enjoy a petty canonry in the alms they receive;
+so that, one way or another, thou art sure to be rich
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">198</a></span>
+and happy. God send it may be so, as He easily can,
+and keep me for thy sake.</p>
+
+<div class="center2">
+Thy husband, the governor,</div>
+<p class="quotsig"><span class="smcap">Sancho Panza</span>.</p>
+<p><small>From this Castle, the 20th of July, 1614.</small></p>
+
+<hr class="hr" />
+
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the knight reproved.</span></div>
+
+<p>After a thousand courtly compliments mutually interchanged,
+Don Quixote advanced towards the table,
+between the duke and duchess, and, on preparing to
+seat themselves, they offered the upper end to Don
+Quixote, who would have declined it but for the pressing
+importunities of the duke. The ecclesiastic seated
+himself opposite to the knight, and the duke and duchess
+on each side.</p>
+
+<p>Sancho was present all the while, in amazement to
+see the honor paid by those great people to his master;
+and, whilst the numerous entreaties and ceremonies
+were passing between the duke and Don Quixote, before
+he would sit down at the head of the table, he
+said: "With your honor's leave I will tell you a story
+of what happened in our town about seats."</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote immediately began to tremble, not
+doubting that he was going to say something absurd.
+Sancho observed him, and, understanding his looks, he
+said: "Be not afraid, sir, of my breaking loose or
+saying anything that is not pat to the purpose. I have
+not forgotten the advice your worship gave me awhile
+ago about talking much or little, well or ill."</p>
+
+<p>"I remember nothing, Sancho," answered Don Quixote;
+"say what thou wilt, so as thou sayst it quickly."
+</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">199</a></span>"What I would say," quoth Sancho, "is very true,
+for my master, Don Quixote, who is present, will not
+suffer me to lie."</p>
+
+<p>"Lie as much as thou wilt for me, Sancho," replied
+Don Quixote, "I shall not hinder thee; but take heed
+what thou art going to say."</p>
+
+<p>"I have heeded it over and over again, so that it is
+as safe as if I had the game in my hand, as you shall
+presently see."</p>
+
+<p>"Your graces will do well," said Don Quixote, "to
+order this blockhead to retire, that you may get rid of
+his troublesome folly."</p>
+
+<p>"By the life of the duke," quoth the duchess,
+"Sancho shall not stir a jot from me. I have a great
+regard for him, and am assured of his discretion."</p>
+
+<p>"Many happy years may your holiness live," quoth
+Sancho, "for the good opinion you have of me, little
+as I deserve it. But the tale I would tell is this&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"A certain gentleman of our town, very rich and of
+a good family,&mdash;for he was descended from the Alamos
+of Medina del Campo, and married Donna Mencia de
+Quinnones, who was daughter to Don Alonzo de Maranon,
+knight of the order of St. James, the same that
+was drowned in the Herradura, about whom that quarrel
+happened in our town, in which it was said my
+master Don Quixote had a hand, and Tommy the mad-cap,
+son of Balvastro the blacksmith, was hurt. Pray,
+good master of mine, is not all this true? Speak, I
+beseech you, that their worships may not take me for
+some lying prater."</p>
+
+<p>"As yet," said the ecclesiastic, "I take you rather
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">200</a></span>
+for a prater than for a liar; but I know not what I
+shall next take you for."</p>
+
+<p>"Thou hast produced so many witnesses and so many
+proofs," said Don Quixote, "that I cannot but say thou
+mayst probably be speaking truth; but, for Heaven's
+sake, shorten thy story, or it will last these two
+days."</p>
+
+<p>"He shall shorten nothing," quoth the duchess;
+"and to please me, he shall tell it his own way, although
+he were not to finish these six days; and, should
+it last so long, they would be to me days of delight."</p>
+
+<p>"I must tell you, then," proceeded Sancho, "that
+this same gentleman&mdash;whom I know as well as I do
+my right hand from my left, for it is not a bow-shot
+from my house to his&mdash;invited a husbandman to dine
+with him,&mdash;a poor man, but mainly honest."</p>
+
+<p>"On, friend," said the chaplain, "for, at the rate
+you proceed, your tale will not reach its end till you
+reach the other world."</p>
+
+<p>"I shall stop," replied Sancho, "before I get half-way
+thither, if it please Heaven! This same farmer
+coming to the house of the gentleman his inviter&mdash;God
+rest his soul, for he is dead and gone; and, moreover,
+died like an angel, as it is said,&mdash;for I was not
+by myself, being at that time gone a reaping to Tembleque."</p>
+
+<p>"Prithee, son," said the ecclesiastic, "come back
+quickly from Tembleque, and stay not to bury the
+gentleman, unless you are determined upon more burials.
+Pray make an end of your tale."</p>
+
+<p>"The business, then," quoth Sancho, "was this,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">201</a></span>
+that, they being ready to sit down to table,&mdash;methinks
+I see them plainer than ever."</p>
+
+<p>The duke and duchess were highly diverted at the
+impatience of the good ecclesiastic, and at the length and
+pauses of Sancho's tale; but Don Quixote was almost
+suffocated with rage and vexation.</p>
+
+<p>"I say, then," quoth Sancho, "that, as they were
+both standing before the dinner-table, just ready to sit
+down, the farmer insisted that the gentleman should
+take the upper end of the table, and the gentleman as
+positively pressed the farmer to take it, saying he ought
+to be master in his own house. But the countryman,
+piquing himself upon his good breeding, still refused
+to comply, till the gentleman, losing all patience, laid
+both his hands upon the farmer's shoulders, and made
+him sit down by main force, saying, 'Sit thee down,
+clod-pole! for in whatever place I am seated, that is
+the upper end to thee.' That is my tale, and truly I
+think it comes in here pretty much to the purpose."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>All things are not alike, nor are men always in a
+humor for all things.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Leave fear to the cowardly.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A stout heart quails misfortune.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Letters written in blood cannot be disputed.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>If you seek advice about your own concerns, one will
+say it is white and another will swear it is black.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">202</a></span>
+Nothing is so reasonable and cheap as good manners.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He is safe who has good cards to play.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Avarice bursts the bag, and the covetous governor
+doeth ungoverned justice.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem3">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The law's measure</span>
+<span class="i0">Is the king's pleasure.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The game is as often lost by a card too many as one
+too few; but a word to the wise is sufficient.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Come, death, with gently-stealing pace,</span>
+<span class="i1">And take me unperceived away,</span>
+<span class="i0">Nor let me see thy wished-for face,</span>
+<span class="i1">Lest joy my fleeting life should stay.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The tyrant fair whose beauty sent</span>
+<span class="i1">The throbbing mischief to my heart,</span>
+<span class="i0">The more my anguish to augment,</span>
+<span class="i1">Forbids me to reveal the smart.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>When a thing is once begun, it is almost half finished.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">When the heifer you receive,</span>
+<span class="i0">Have a halter in your sleeve.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Delay breeds danger.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Who sits in the saddle must get up first.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">203</a></span>
+There is nothing so sweet as to command and be
+obeyed.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>It is a pleasant thing to govern, even though it be
+but a flock of sheep.</p>
+
+<hr class="three" />
+<p class="indent"><span class="smcap">instructions which don quixote gave to sancho
+panza before he went to his government;
+with other well considered matters.</span></p>
+
+<p>The duke and duchess being so well pleased with
+the afflicted duenna, were encouraged to proceed with
+other projects, seeing that there was nothing too extravagant
+for the credulity of the knight and squire. The
+necessary orders were accordingly issued to their servants
+and vassals with regard to their behavior towards
+Sancho in his government of the promised island.
+The day after the flight of Clavileno, the duke bade
+Sancho prepare, and get himself in readiness to assume
+his office, for his islanders were already wishing for
+him as for rain in May. Sancho made a low bow, and
+said: "Ever since my journey to heaven, when I
+looked down and saw the earth so very small, my desire
+to be a governor has partly cooled: for what
+mighty matter is it to command on a spot no bigger
+than a grain of mustard-seed; where is the majesty
+and pomp of governing half a dozen creatures no bigger
+than hazel-nuts? If your lordship will be pleased
+to offer me some small portion of heaven, though it be
+but half a league, I would jump at it sooner than for
+the largest island in the world."</p>
+
+<p>"Look you, friend Sancho," answered the duke, "I
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">204</a></span>
+can give away no part of heaven, not even a nail's
+breadth; for God has reserved to Himself the disposal of
+such favors: but what it is in my power to give, I give
+you with all my heart; and the island I now present
+to you is ready made, round and sound, well-proportioned,
+and above measure fruitful, and where, by
+good management, you may yourself, with the riches
+of the earth, purchase an inheritance in heaven."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, then," answered Sancho, "let this island be
+forthcoming, and it shall go hard with me but I will
+be such a governor that, in spite of rogues, heaven will
+take me in. Nor is it out of covetousness that I forsake
+my humble cottage and aspire to greater things,
+but the desire I have to taste what it is to be a governor."</p>
+
+<p>"If once you taste it, Sancho," quoth the duke,
+"you will lick your fingers after it; so sweet it is to
+command and be obeyed. And certain I am, when
+your master becomes an emperor, of which there is no
+doubt, as matters proceed so well, it would be impossible
+to wrest his power from him, and his only regret
+will be that he had it not sooner."</p>
+
+<p>"Faith, sir, you are in the right," quoth Sancho, "it
+is pleasant to govern, though it be but a flock of sheep."</p>
+
+<p>"Let me be buried with you, Sancho," replied the
+duke, "if you know not something of every thing,
+and I doubt not you will prove a pearl of a governor.
+But enough of this for the present: to-morrow you
+surely depart for your island, and this evening you
+shall be fitted with suitable apparel and with all things
+necessary for your appointment."
+</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">205</a></span>
+"Clothe me as you will," said Sancho, "I shall
+still be Sancho Panza."</p>
+
+<p>"That is true," said the duke; "but the garb
+should always be suitable to the office and rank of the
+wearer: for a lawyer to be habited like a soldier, or a
+soldier like a priest, would be preposterous; and you;
+Sancho, must be clad partly like a scholar and partly
+like a soldier; as, in the office you will hold, arms and
+learning are united."</p>
+
+<p>"As for learning," replied Sancho, "I have not
+much of that, for I hardly know my A B C; but to be
+a good governor, it will be enough that I am able to
+make my Christ-cross; and as to arms, I shall handle
+such as are given me till I fall, and so God help me."</p>
+
+<p>"With so good an intention," quoth the duke,
+"Sancho cannot do wrong."</p>
+
+<p>Here they were joined by Don Quixote, who understanding
+the subject of their conversation, and the short
+space allotted to Sancho to prepare for his departure,
+took the squire by the hand, with the duke's permission,
+and led him to his apartment, in order to instruct
+him how to behave in his office. Having entered the
+chamber he locked the door, and obliging Sancho to
+sit down by him, spoke to this effect, in a grave and
+solemn tone:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"I return infinite thanks to Heaven, friend Sancho,
+for having ordained that, before I myself have met
+with the least success, good fortune hath gone forth to
+bid thee welcome. I, who had balanced the remuneration
+of thy service in my own prosperity, find myself
+in the very rudiments of promotion; while thou,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">206</a></span>
+before thy time, and contrary to all the laws of reasonable
+progression, findest thy desire accomplished:
+other people bribe, solicit, importune, attend levees,
+entreat, and persevere, without obtaining their suit;
+and another comes, who, without knowing why or
+wherefore, finds himself in possession of that office to
+which so many people laid claim: and here the old
+saying is aptly introduced, 'A pound of good luck is
+worth a ton of merit.' Thou, who, in comparison to
+me, art doubtless an ignorant dunce, without rising
+early or sitting up late, or, indeed, exerting the least
+industry: without any pretension more or less than
+that of being breathed upon by knight-errantry, seest
+thyself created governor of an island as if it was a
+matter of moonshine.</p>
+
+<p>"All this I observe, O Sancho, that thou mayst not
+attribute thy success to thy own deserts: but give
+thanks to heaven for having disposed matters so beneficially
+in thy behalf, and then make thy acknowledgments
+to that grandeur which centres in the profession
+of knight-errantry. Thy heart being thus predisposed
+to believe what I have said, be attentive, O my son, to
+me who am thy Cato, thy counsellor, thy north-pole
+and guide, to conduct thee into a secure harbor from
+the tempestuous sea into which thou art going to be
+engulfed; for great posts and offices of state are no
+other than a profound gulf of confusion.</p>
+
+<p>"In the first place, O my son, you are to fear God:
+the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom; and if
+you are wise you cannot err.</p>
+
+<p>"Secondly, you must always remember who you are,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">207</a></span>
+and endeavor to know yourself,&mdash;a study of all others
+the most difficult. This self-knowledge will hinder you
+from blowing yourself up like the frog in order to rival
+the size of the ox: if, therefore, you succeed in this
+learning, the consideration of thy having been a swineherd
+will, like the peacock's ugly feet, be a check upon
+thy folly and pride."</p>
+
+<p>"I own I once took care of hogs when I was a boy,"
+said Sancho; "but, after I grew up, I quitted that employment
+and took care of geese; but I apprehend that
+matter is not of great consequence, for all governors
+are not descended from the kingly race."</p>
+
+<p>"No, sure," answered the knight; "and, for that
+reason, those who are not of noble extraction ought
+to sweeten the gravity of their function with mildness
+and affability: which, being prudently conducted, will
+screen them from those malicious murmurs that no
+station can escape.</p>
+
+<p>"Conceal not the meanness of thy family, nor think
+it disgraceful to be descended from peasants; for, when
+it is seen that thou art not thyself ashamed, none will
+endeavor to make thee so; and deem it more meritorious
+to be a virtuous humble man than a lofty sinner.
+Infinite is the number of those who, born of low extraction,
+have risen to the highest dignities both in church
+and state; and of this truth I could tire thee with
+examples.</p>
+
+<p>"If thou takest virtue for the rule of life, and valuest
+thyself upon acting in all things conformably thereto,
+thou wilt have no cause to envy lords and princes; for
+blood is inherited, but virtue is a common property and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">208</a></span>
+may be acquired by all. It has, moreover, an intrinsic
+worth which blood has not. This being so, if, peradventure,
+any one of thy kindred visit thee in thy government,
+do not slight nor affront him; but receive,
+cherish, and make much of him, for in so doing thou
+wilt please God, who allows none of His creatures to
+be despised; and thou wilt also manifest therein a
+well-disposed nature.</p>
+
+<p>"If thou takest thy wife with thee (and it is not
+well for those who are appointed to governments to be
+long separated from their families), teach, instruct, and
+polish her from her natural rudeness; for it often happens
+that all the consideration a wise governor can
+acquire is lost by an ill-bred and foolish woman.</p>
+
+<p>"If thou shouldst become a widower (an event which
+is possible), and thy station entitles thee to a better
+match, seek not one to serve thee for a hook and
+angling-rod, or a friar's hood to receive alms in;<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">11</a> for,
+believe me, whatever the judge's wife receives, the
+husband must account for at the general judgment,
+and shall be made to pay fourfold for all that of which
+he has rendered no account during his life.</p>
+
+<p>"Be not under the dominion of thine own will: it
+is the vice of the ignorant, who vainly presume on their
+own understanding.</p>
+
+<p>"Let the tears of the poor find more compassion,
+but not more justice, from thee than the applications
+of the wealthy.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">209</a></span>
+"Be equally solicitous to sift out the truth amidst
+the presents and promises of the rich and the sighs and
+entreaties of the poor.</p>
+
+<p>"Whenever equity may justly temper the rigor of
+the law, let not the whole force of it bear upon the
+delinquent; for it is better that a judge should lean
+on the side of compassion than severity.</p>
+
+<p>"If, perchance, the scales of justice be not correctly
+balanced, let the error be imputable to pity, not to
+gold.</p>
+
+<p>"If, perchance, the cause of thine enemy come before
+thee, forget thy injuries, and think only on the
+merits of the case.</p>
+
+<p>"Let not private affection blind thee in another
+man's cause; for the errors thou shalt thereby commit
+are often without remedy, and at the expense both of
+thy reputation and fortune.</p>
+
+<p>"When a beautiful woman comes before thee to
+demand justice, consider maturely the nature of her
+claim, without regarding either her tears or her sighs,
+unless thou wouldst expose thy judgment to the danger
+of being lost in the one, and thy integrity in the other.</p>
+
+<p>"Revile not with words him whom thou hast to correct
+with deeds; the punishment which the unhappy
+wretch is doomed to suffer is sufficient, without the
+addition of abusive language.</p>
+
+<p>"When the criminal stands before thee, recollect the
+frail and depraved nature of man, and as much as thou
+canst, without injustice to the suffering party, show
+pity and clemency; for, though the attributes of God
+are all equally adorable, yet His mercy is more shining
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">210</a></span>
+and attractive in our eyes, and strikes with greater
+lustre, than His justice.</p>
+
+<p>"If you observe, and conduct yourself by these rules
+and precepts, Sancho, your days will be long upon the
+face of the earth; your fame will be eternal, your reward
+complete, and your felicity unutterable; your
+children will be married according to your wish; they
+and their descendants will enjoy titles; you shall live
+in peace and friendship with all mankind; when your
+course of life is run, death will overtake you in a happy
+and mature old age, and your eyes will be shut by the
+tender and delicate hands of your posterity, in the third
+or fourth generation.</p>
+
+<p>"The remarks I have hitherto made are documents
+touching the decoration of your soul; and now you will
+listen to the directions I have to give concerning thy
+person and deportment."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="hr" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">of the second series of instructions don
+quixote gave to sancho panza.</span></div>
+
+<p>Who that has duly considered Don Quixote's instructions
+to his squire would not have taken him for a
+person of singular intelligence and discretion? But,
+in truth, as it has often been said in the progress of
+this great history, he raved only on the subject of
+chivalry; on all others he manifested a sound and
+discriminating understanding; wherefore his judgment
+and his actions appeared continually at variance. But,
+in these second instructions given to Sancho, which
+showed much ingenuity, his wisdom and frenzy are
+both singularly conspicuous.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">211</a></span>
+During the whole of this private conference, Sancho
+listened to his master with great attention, and endeavored
+so to register his counsel in his mind that he might
+thereby be enabled to bear the burden of government
+and acquit himself honorably. Don Quixote now proceeded:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"As to the regulation of thine own person and domestic
+concerns," said he, "in the first place, Sancho,
+I enjoin thee to be cleanly in all things. Keep the
+nails of thy fingers constantly and neatly pared, nor
+suffer them to grow as some do, who ignorantly imagine
+that long nails beautify the hand, and account the
+excess of that excrement simply a finger-nail, whereas
+it is rather the talon of the lizard-hunting kestrel,&mdash;a
+foul and unsightly object. A slovenly dress betokens
+a careless mind; or, as in the case of Julius C&aelig;sar, it
+may be attributed to cunning.</p>
+
+<p>"Examine prudently the income of thy office, and
+if it will afford thee to give liveries to thy servants,
+give them such as are decent and lasting, rather than
+gaudy and modish; and what thou shalt thus save in
+thy servants bestow on the poor; so shalt thou have
+attendants both in heaven and earth&mdash;a provision
+which our vain-glorious great never think of.</p>
+
+<p>"Eat neither garlic nor onions, lest the smell betray
+thy rusticity. Walk with gravity, and speak deliberately,
+but not so as to seem to be listening to thyself;
+for affectation is odious.</p>
+
+<p>"Eat little at dinner and less at supper; for the
+health of the whole body is tempered in the laboratory
+of the stomach.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">212</a></span>
+"Drink with moderation; for inebriety never keeps
+a secret nor performs a promise.</p>
+
+<p>"In the next place, Sancho, do not intermix in thy
+discourse such a multitude of proverbs as thou wert
+wont to do; for though proverbs are concise and pithy
+sentences, thou dost so often drag them in by the head
+and shoulders that they look more like the ravings of
+distraction than well-chosen apothegms."</p>
+
+<p>"That defect God himself must remedy," said Sancho;
+"for I have more proverbs by heart than would
+be sufficient to fill a large book; and, when I speak,
+they crowd together in such a manner as to quarrel for
+utterance; so that my tongue discharges them just as
+they happen to be in the way, whether they are or are
+not to the purpose: but I will take care henceforward
+to throw out those that may be suitable to the gravity of
+my office: for, 'Where there's plenty of meat, the supper
+will soon be complete;' 'He that shuffles does not
+cut;' 'A good hand makes a short game;' and, 'It
+requires a good brain to know when to give and
+retain.'"</p>
+
+<p>"Courage, Sancho," cried Don Quixote; "squeeze,
+tack, and string your proverbs together; here are none
+to oppose you. My mother whips me, and I whip the
+top. Here am I exhorting thee to suppress thy proverbs,
+and in an instant thou hast spewed forth a whole
+litany of them, which are as foreign from the subject
+as an old ballad. Remember, Sancho, I do not say
+that a proverb properly applied is amiss; but, to throw
+in, and string together old saws helter-skelter, renders
+conversation altogether mean and despicable.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">213</a></span>
+"When you appear on horseback do not lean backward
+over the saddle, nor stretch out your legs stiffly
+from the horse's belly, nor let them hang dangling in
+a slovenly manner, as if you were upon the back of
+Dapple; for some ride like jockeys, and some like gentlemen.</p>
+
+<p>"Be very moderate in sleeping; for he who does not
+rise with the sun cannot enjoy the day; and observe,
+O Sancho, industry is the mother of prosperity; and
+laziness, her opposite, never saw the accomplishment
+of a good wish.</p>
+
+<p>"This is all the advice, friend Sancho, that occurs
+to me at present; hereafter, as occasions offer, my instructions
+will be ready, provided thou art mindful to
+inform me of the state of thy affairs."</p>
+
+<p>"Sir," answered Sancho, "I see very well that all
+your worship has told me is wholesome and profitable;
+but what shall I be the better for it if I cannot keep it
+in my head? It is true, I shall not easily forget what
+you have said about paring my nails, and marrying
+again if the opportunity offers; but for your other
+quirks and quillets, I protest they have already gone out
+of my head as clean as last year's clouds; and therefore,
+let me have them in writing; for though I cannot
+read them myself, I will give them to my confessor, that
+he may repeat and drive them into me in time of need."</p>
+
+<p>"Heaven defend me!" said Don Quixote, "how
+scurvy doth it look in a governor to be unable to read
+or write! Indeed, Sancho, I must needs tell thee that
+when a man has not been taught to read, or is left-handed,
+it argues that his parentage was very low, or
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">214</a></span>
+that, in early life, he was so indocile and perverse that
+his teachers could beat nothing good into him. Truly
+this is a great defect in thee, and therefore I would
+have thee learn to write, even if it were only thy
+name."</p>
+
+<p>"That I can do already," quoth Sancho; "for
+when I was steward of the brotherhood in our village,
+I learned to make certain marks like those upon wool-packs,
+which they told me, stood for my name. But,
+at the worst, I can feign a lameness in my right hand,
+and get another to sign for me: there is a remedy for
+every thing but death; and, having the staff in my
+hand, I can do what I please. Besides, as your worship
+knows, he whose father is mayor <a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">12</a>
+&mdash;and I, being governor, am, I trow, something more than mayor.</p>
+
+<p>"Ay, ay, let them come that list, and play at bo-peep&mdash;ay,
+fleer and backbite me; but they may come
+for wool and go back shorn: 'His home is savory
+whom God loves;'&mdash;besides, 'The rich man's blunders
+pass current for wise maxims;' so that I, being a
+governor, and therefore wealthy, and bountiful to boot&mdash;as
+I intend to be&mdash;nobody will see any blemish in
+me. No, no, let the clown daub himself with honey,
+and he will never want flies. 'As much as you have,
+just so much you are worth,' said my grandam; revenge
+yourself upon the rich who can."</p>
+
+<p>"Heaven confound thee!" exclaimed Don Quixote;
+"sixty thousand devils take thee and thy proverbs!
+This hour, or more, thou hast been stringing thy
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">215</a></span>
+musty wares, poisoning and torturing me without
+mercy. Take my word for it, these proverbs will one
+day bring thee to the gallows;&mdash;they will surely provoke
+thy people to rebellion! Where dost thou find
+them? How shouldst thou apply them, idiot? for I
+toil and sweat as if I were delving the ground to utter
+but one, and apply it properly."</p>
+
+
+<p>"Before Heaven, master of mine," replied Sancho,
+"your worship complains of very trifles. Why, in the
+devil's name, are you angry that I make use of my own
+goods? for other stock I have none, nor any stock but
+proverbs upon proverbs; and just now I have four
+ready to pop out, all pat and fitting as pears in a pannier&mdash;but
+I am dumb: Silence is my name."<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">13</a></p>
+
+<p>"Then art thou vilely miscalled," quoth Don Quixote,
+"being an eternal babbler. Nevertheless, I
+would fain know these four proverbs that come so pat
+to the purpose; for I have been rummaging my own
+memory, which is no bad one, but for the soul of me, I
+can find none."</p>
+
+<p>"Can there be better," quoth Sancho, "than&mdash;'Never
+venture your fingers between two eye-teeth;'
+and with 'Get out of my house&mdash;what would you
+have with my wife?' there is no arguing; and,
+'Whether the pitcher hits the stone, or the stone hits
+the pitcher, it goes ill with the pitcher.' All these,
+your worship must see, fit to a hair. Let no one
+meddle with the governor or his deputy, or he will
+come off the worst, like him who claps his finger between
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">216</a></span>
+two eye-teeth, and though they were not eye-teeth,
+'tis enough if they be but teeth. To what a governor
+says there is no replying, any more than to 'Get
+out of my house&mdash;what business have you with my
+wife?' Then as to the stone and the pitcher&mdash;a blind
+man may see that. So he who points to the mote in
+another man's eye, should first look to the beam in his
+own, that it may not be said of him, the dead woman
+was afraid of her that was flayed. Besides, your worship
+knows well that the fool knows more in his own
+house than the wise in that of another."</p>
+
+
+<p>"Not so, Sancho," answered Don Quixote, "the
+fool knows nothing, either in his own or any other
+house; for knowledge is not to be erected upon so bad
+a foundation as folly. But here let it rest, Sancho, for,
+if thou governest ill, though the fault will be thine, the
+shame will be mine. However, I am comforted in
+having given thee the best counsel in my power; and
+therein having done my duty, I am acquitted both of
+my obligation and promise; so God speed thee, Sancho,
+and govern thee in thy government, and deliver
+me from the fears I entertain that thou wilt turn the
+whole island topsy-turvy!&mdash;which, indeed, I might
+prevent by letting the duke know what thou art, and
+telling him that all that paunch-gut and little carcass
+of thine is nothing but a sack full of proverbs and
+impertinence."</p>
+
+<p>"Signor," replied Sancho, "if your worship really
+thinks I am not qualified for that government, I renounce
+it from henceforward forever, amen. I have
+a greater regard for a nail's breadth of my soul than
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">217</a></span>
+my whole body; and I can subsist, as bare Sancho,
+upon a crust of bread and an onion, as well as governor
+on capons and partridges; for, while we sleep, great
+and small, rich and poor, are equal all. If your worship
+will consider, your worship will find that you
+yourself put this scheme of government into my head.
+As for my own part, I know no more of the matter
+than a bustard; and, if you think the governorship will
+be the means of my going to the devil, I would much
+rather go as simple Sancho to Heaven than as a governor
+to hell-fire."</p>
+
+<p>"Before God!" cried the knight, "from these last
+reflections thou hast uttered, I pronounce thee worthy
+to govern a thousand islands. Thou hast an excellent
+natural disposition, without which all science is naught.
+Recommend thyself to God, and endeavor to avoid
+errors in the first intention. I mean, let thy intention
+and unshaken purpose be to deal righteously in all thy
+transactions, for Heaven always favors the upright design.
+And now let us go in to dinner, for I believe
+their graces wait for us."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Without discretion there can be no wit.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>O poverty, poverty! I know not what should induce
+the great Cordovan poet to call thee a holy, unrequited
+gift. I, though a Moor, am very sensible, from my
+correspondence with Christians, that holiness consists
+in charity, humility, faith, poverty, and obedience;
+yet, nevertheless, I will affirm that he must be holy
+indeed, who can sit down content with poverty, unless
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">218</a></span>
+we mean that kind of poverty to which one of the
+greatest saints alludes, when he says, "Possess of all
+things as not possessing them;" and this is called
+spiritual poverty. But thou second poverty, which is
+the cause I spoke of, why wouldst thou assault gentlemen
+of birth rather than any other class of people?
+Why dost thou compel them to cobble their shoes, and
+wear upon their coats one button of silk, another of
+hair, and a third of glass? Why must their ruffs be
+generally yellow and ill-starched? (By the by, from
+this circumstance we learn the antiquity of ruffs and
+starch. But thus he proceeds:) O wretched man of
+noble pedigree! who is obliged to administer cordials
+to his honor, in the midst of hunger and solitude, by
+playing the hypocrite with a toothpick, which he affects
+to use in the street, though he has eat nothing to require
+that act of cleanliness. Wretched he, I say, whose honor
+is ever apt to be startled, and thinks that everybody at
+a league's distance observes the patch upon his shoe,
+his greasy hat, and his threadbare cloak, and even the
+hunger that consumes him.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Better a blush on the face than a stain in the heart.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Look not in last year's nests for this year's birds.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">a serenade.</span></div>
+
+<p>And he forthwith imagined that some damsel belonging
+to the duchess had become enamored of him.
+Though somewhat fearful of the beautiful foe, he resolved
+to fortify his heart, and on no account to yield;
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">219</a></span>
+so, commending himself with fervent devotion to his
+mistress, Dulcinea del Toboso, he determined to listen to
+the music; and to let the damsel know he was there he
+gave a feigned sneeze, at which they were not a little
+pleased, as they desired above all things that he should
+hear them. The harp being now tuned, Altisidora
+began the following song<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">14</a>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Wake, sir knight, now love's invading,</span>
+<span class="i1">Sleep in Holland sheets no more;</span>
+<span class="i0">When a nymph is serenading,</span>
+<span class="i1">'Tis an arrant shame to snore.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Hear a damsel tall and tender,</span>
+<span class="i1">Moaning in most rueful guise,</span>
+<span class="i0">With heart almost burned to cinder</span>
+<span class="i1">By the sunbeams of thine eyes.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">To free damsels from disaster</span>
+<span class="i1">Is, they say, your daily care:</span>
+<span class="i0">Can you then deny a plaster</span>
+<span class="i1">To a wounded virgin here?</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Tell me, doughty youth, who cursed thee</span>
+<span class="i1">With such humors and ill-luck?</span>
+<span class="i0">Was't some sullen bear dry-nursed thee,</span>
+<span class="i1">Or she-dragon gave thee suck?</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Dulcinea, that virago,</span>
+<span class="i0">Well may brag of such a Cid,</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">220</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Now her fame is up, and may go</span>
+<span class="i1">From Toledo to Madrid.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Would she but her prize surrender,</span>
+<span class="i1">(Judge how on thy face I dote!)</span>
+<span class="i0">In exchange I'd gladly send her</span>
+<span class="i1">My best gown and petticoat.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Happy I, would fortune doom me</span>
+<span class="i1">But to have me near thy bed,</span>
+<span class="i0">Stroke thee, pat thee, currycomb thee,</span>
+<span class="i1">And hunt o'er thy knightly head.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But I ask too much, sincerely,</span>
+<span class="i1">And I doubt I ne'er must do't,</span>
+<span class="i0">I'd but kiss your toe, and fairly</span>
+<span class="i1">Get the length thus of your foot.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">How I'd rig thee, and what riches</span>
+<span class="i1">Should be heaped upon thy bones!</span>
+<span class="i0">Caps and socks, and cloaks and breeches,</span>
+<span class="i1">Matchless pearls and precious stones.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Do not from above, like Nero,</span>
+<span class="i1">See me burn and slight my woe,</span>
+<span class="i0">But to quench my fires, my hero,</span>
+<span class="i1">Cast a pitying eye below.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I'm a virgin-pullet, truly;</span>
+<span class="i1">One more tender ne'er was seen.</span>
+<span class="i0">A mere chicken fledged but newly;&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i1">Hang me if I'm yet fifteen.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">221</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Wind and limb, all's tight about me,</span>
+<span class="i0">My hair dangles to my feet;</span>
+<span class="i0">I am straight, too:&mdash;if you doubt me,</span>
+<span class="i1">Trust your eyes, come down and see't.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I've a bob nose has no fellow,</span>
+<span class="01">And a sparrow's mouth as rare;</span>
+<span class="i0">Teeth, like bright topazes, yellow;</span>
+<span class="i1">Yet I'm deemed a beauty here.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">You know what a rare musician</span>
+<span class="i1">(If you hearken) courts your choice;</span>
+<span class="i0">I dare say my disposition</span>
+<span class="i1">Is as taking as my voice.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Here ended the song of the amorous Altisidora, and
+began the alarm of the courted Don Quixote, who,
+fetching a deep sigh, said within himself: "Why am
+I so unhappy a knight-errant that no damsel can see
+but she must presently fall in love with me? Why is
+the peerless Dulcinea so unlucky that she must not be
+suffered singly to enjoy this my incomparable constancy?
+Queens, what would ye have with her?
+Empresses, why do ye persecute her? Damsels from
+fourteen to fifteen, why do ye plague her? Leave,
+leave the poor creature; let her triumph and glory in
+the lot which love bestowed upon her in the conquest
+of my heart and the surrender of my soul. Take notice,
+enamored multitude, that to Dulcinea alone I am
+paste and sugar, and to all others flint. To her I am
+honey, and to the rest of ye aloes. To me, Dulcinea
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">222</a></span>
+alone is beautiful, discreet, lively, modest, and well-born;
+all the rest of her sex foul, foolish, fickle, and
+base-born. To be hers, and hers alone, nature sent me
+into the world. Let Altisidora weep or sing, let the
+lady despair on whose account I was buffeted in the
+castle of the enchanted Moor; boiled or roasted, Dulcinea's
+I must be, clean, well-bred, and chaste, in spite
+of all the necromantic powers on earth."</p>
+
+<hr class="hr" />
+<p class="indent"><span class="smcap">how the great sancho panza took possession of
+his island, and of the manner of his beginning
+to govern it.&mdash;the governor's wisdom.</span></p>
+
+<p>O thou ceaseless discoverer of the antipodes, torch of
+the world, eye of Heaven, and sweet cause of earthen
+wine coolers; here Thymbrius, there Ph&oelig;bus; here
+archer, there physician, father of poesy, inventor of
+music; thou who always risest, and, though thou seemest
+to do so, never settest,&mdash;to thee I speak, O sun!
+thee I invoke to favor and enlighten the obscurity of
+the great Sancho Panza; without thee I find myself
+indolent, dispirited, and confused!</p>
+
+<p>Sancho, then, with all his attendants, arrived at a
+town containing about a thousand inhabitants, which
+was one of the largest and best the duke had. They
+gave him to understand that it was called the island of
+Barataria, either because Barataria was really the name
+of the place, or because he obtained the government of
+it at so cheap a rate. On his arrival near the gates
+of the town, which was walled about, the municipal
+officers came out to receive him. The bells rung, and,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">223</a></span>
+with all the demonstrations of a general joy and a great
+deal of pomp, the people conducted him to the great
+church to give thanks to God. Presently after, with
+certain ridiculous ceremonies, they presented him the
+keys of the town and constituted him perpetual governor
+of the island of Barataria. The garb, the beard,
+the thickness and shortness of the new governor, surprised
+all who were not in the secret, and, indeed, those
+who were, who were not a few. In fine, as soon as they
+had brought him out of the church, they carried him to
+the tribunal of justice and placed him in the chair.
+The duke's steward then said to him, "It is an ancient
+custom here, my lord governor, that he who comes to
+take possession of this famous island is obliged to answer
+a question put to him, which is to be somewhat
+intricate and difficult. By his answer the people are
+enabled to feel the pulse of their new governor's understanding,
+and, accordingly, are either glad or sorry for
+his coming."</p>
+
+<p>While the steward was saying this, Sancho was
+staring at some capital letters written on the wall
+opposite to his chair, and, being unable to read, he
+asked what that writing was on the wall. He was answered,
+"Sir, it is there written on what day your
+honor took possession of this island. The inscription
+runs thus: 'This day, such a day of the month and
+year, Signor Don Sancho Panza took possession of this
+island. Long may he enjoy it.'"</p>
+
+<p>"Pray who is it they call Don Sancho Panza?"
+demanded Sancho.</p>
+
+<p>"Your lordship," answered the steward! "for no
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">224</a></span>
+other Panza, besides him now in the chair, ever came
+into this island."</p>
+
+<p>"Take notice, then, brother," returned Sancho, "that
+the <i>Don</i> does not belong to me, nor ever did to any of
+my family. I am called plain Sancho Panza: my
+father was a Sancho, and my grandfather was a Sancho,
+and they were all Panzas, without any addition
+of <i>Dons</i>, or any other title whatever. I fancy there are
+more <i>Dons</i> than stones in this island. But enough: God
+knows my meaning: and perhaps, if my government
+lasts four days, I may weed out these <i>Dons</i> that over-run
+the country, and, by their numbers, are as troublesome
+as mosquitoes and cousins. On with your
+question, Master Steward, and I will answer the best I
+can, let the people be sorry or rejoice."</p>
+
+<p>About this time two men came into the court, the one
+clad like a country fellow, and the other like a tailor,
+with a pair of shears in his hand; and the tailor said:
+"My lord governor, I and this countryman come before
+your worship by reason this honest man came
+yesterday to my shop (saving your presence, I am a
+tailor, and have passed my examination, God be
+thanked), and putting a piece of cloth into my hands,
+asked me, 'Sir, is there enough of this to make me a
+cap?' I, measuring the piece, answered Yes. Now
+he bade me view it again, and see if there was not
+enough for two. I guessed his drift, and told him
+there was. Persisting in his knavish intentions, my
+customer went on increasing the number of caps, and
+I still saying yes, till we came to five caps. A little
+time ago he came to claim them. I offered them to
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">225</a></span>
+him, but he refuses to pay me for the making, and insists
+I shall either return him his cloth, or pay him for
+it."</p>
+
+<p>"Is all this so, brother?" demanded Sancho.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes," answered the man; "but pray, my lord,
+make him produce the five caps he has made me."</p>
+
+<p>"With all my heart," answered the tailor; and
+pulling his hand from under his cloak, he showed the
+five caps on the ends of his fingers and thumb, saying:
+"Here are the five caps this honest man would have
+me make, and on my soul and conscience, not a shred
+of the cloth is left, and I submit the work to be viewed
+by any inspectors of the trade."</p>
+
+<p>All present laughed at the number of the caps and the
+novelty of the suit. Sancho reflected a moment, and
+then said: "I am of opinion there needs no great
+delay in this suit, and it may be decided very equitably
+off-hand. Therefore I pronounce, that the tailor
+lose the making, and the countryman the stuff, and
+that the caps be confiscated to the use of the poor: and
+there is an end of that."</p>
+
+<p>If the sentence Sancho afterwards passed on the
+purse of the herdsman caused the admiration of all the
+bystanders, this excited their laughter. However,
+what the governor commanded was executed, and two
+old men next presented themselves before him. One
+of them carried a cane in his hand for a staff; the
+other, who had no staff, said to Sancho: "My lord,
+some time ago I lent this man ten crowns of gold to
+oblige and serve him, upon condition that he should
+return them on demand. I let some time pass without
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">226</a></span>
+asking for them, being loth to put him to a greater
+strait to pay me than he was in when I lent them.
+But at length, thinking it full time to be repaid, I
+asked him for my money more than once, but to no
+purpose: he not only refuses payment, but denies the
+debt, and says I never lent him any such sum, or, if I
+did that he had already paid me. I have no witnesses
+to the loan, nor has he of the payment which he pretends
+to have made, but which I deny; yet if he will
+swear before your worship that he has returned the
+money, I from this minute acquit him before God and
+the world."</p>
+
+<p>"What say you to this, old gentleman?" quoth
+Sancho.</p>
+
+<p>"I confess, my lord," replied the old fellow, "that
+he did lend me the money, and if your worship pleases
+to hold down your wand of justice, since he leaves it to
+my oath, I will swear I have really and truly returned
+it to him."</p>
+
+<p>The governor accordingly held down his wand, and
+the old fellow, seeming encumbered with his staff, gave
+it to his creditor to hold while he was swearing; and
+then taking hold of the cross of the wand, he said it was
+true indeed the other had lent him ten crowns, but
+that he had restored them to him into his own hand;
+but having, he supposed, forgotten it, he was continually
+dunning him for them. Upon which his lordship
+the governor demanded of the creditor what he had to
+say in reply to the solemn declaration he had heard.
+He said that he submitted, and could not doubt but
+that his debtor had sworn the truth; for he believed
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">227</a></span>
+him to be an honest man and a good Christian; and
+that, as the fault must have been in his own memory, he
+would thenceforward ask him no more for his money.
+The debtor now took his staff again, and bowing to
+the governor, went out of court.</p>
+
+<p>Sancho having observed the defendant take his staff
+and walk away, and noticing also the resignation of
+the plaintiff, he began to meditate, and laying the
+fore-finger of his right hand upon his forehead, he continued
+a short time apparently full of thought; and
+then raising his head, he ordered the old man with the
+staff to be called back; and when he had returned,
+"Honest friend," said the governor, "give me that
+staff, for I have occasion for it."</p>
+
+<p>"With all my heart," answered the old fellow; and
+delivered it into his hand. Sancho took it, and giving
+it to the other old man, said: "Go about your
+business, in God's name, for you are paid." "I, my
+lord," answered the old man; "what! is this cane
+worth ten golden crowns?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes," quoth the governor, "or I am the greatest
+dunce in the world! and now it shall appear whether
+I have a head to govern a whole kingdom." Straight
+he commanded the cane to be broken before them all.
+Which being done there were found in the hollow of it
+ten crowns in gold.</p>
+
+<p>All were struck with admiration, and took their new
+governor for a second Solomon. They asked him,
+whence he had collected that the ten crowns were in
+the cane. He answered, that upon seeing the old man
+give it his adversary, while he was taking the oath,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">228</a></span>
+and swearing that he had really and truly restored
+them into his own hands, and, when he had done, ask
+for it again, it came into his imagination, the money
+in dispute must be in the hollow of the cane. Whence
+it may be gathered, that, God Almighty often directs
+the judgment of those who govern, though otherwise
+mere blockheads: besides, he had heard the priest of
+his parish tell a like case; and, were it not that he was
+so unlucky as to forget all he had a mind to remember,
+his memory was so good, there would not have been
+a better in the whole island.</p>
+
+<p>At length, both the old men marched off, the one
+ashamed, and the other satisfied; the bystanders were
+surprised, and the secretary, who minuted down the
+words, actions, and behavior of Sancho Panza, could not
+determine with himself, whether he should set him down
+for a wise man or a fool. All the court were in admiration
+at the acuteness and wisdom of their new governor;
+all of whose sentences and decrees, being noted down by
+the appointed historiographer, were immediately transmitted
+to the duke, who waited for these accounts with
+the utmost impatience.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>We see that governors, though otherwise fools, are
+sometimes directed in their decisions by the hand of
+God.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Time is ever moving; nothing ever can impede his
+course.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>An understanding in the beginning is often an effectual
+cure for those who are indiscreetly in love.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">229</a></span>
+At eleven o'clock Don Quixote retired to his apartment,
+and finding a lute there, he tuned it, opened the
+window, and, perceiving there was somebody walking
+in the garden, he ran over the strings of the instrument;
+and, having tuned it again as nicely as he
+could, he coughed and cleared his throat; and then,
+with a voice somewhat hoarse, yet not unmusical, he
+sang the following song, which he had composed himself
+that very day:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 9em;">THE ADVICE.</span></p>
+<p><span style="margin-left: 7em;"><span class="smcap">matteaux's translation.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Love, a strong, designing foe.</span>
+<span class="i1">Careless hearts with ease deceives;</span>
+<span class="i0">Can thy breast resist his blow,</span>
+<span class="i1">Which your sloth unguarded leaves?</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">If you're idle you're destroyed,</span>
+<span class="i1">All his art on you he tries;</span>
+<span class="i0">But be watchful and employed,</span>
+<span class="i1">Straight the baffled tempter flies.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Maids for modest grace admired,</span>
+<span class="i1">If they would their fortunes raise,</span>
+<span class="i0">Must in silence live retired:</span>
+<span class="i1">'Tis their virtue speaks their praise.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The divine Tobosan fair,</span>
+<span class="i1">Dulcinea, claims me whole;</span>
+<span class="i0">Nothing can her image tear!</span>
+<span class="i1">'Tis one substance with my soul.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">230</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Then let fortune smile or frown,</span>
+<span class="i1">Nothing shall my faith remove;</span>
+<span class="i0">Constant truth, the lover's crown,</span>
+<span class="i1">Can work miracles in love.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 4em;"><span class="smcap">the same as translated by smollett.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Love, with idleness combined,</span>
+<span class="i0">Will unhinge the tender mind:</span>
+<span class="i0">But to few, to work and move,</span>
+<span class="i0">Will exclude the force of love.</span>
+<span class="i0">Blooming maids that would be married,</span>
+<span class="i0">Must in virtue be unwearied;</span>
+<span class="i0">Modesty a dower will raise,</span>
+<span class="i0">And be a trumpet of their praise.</span>
+<span class="i0">A cavalier will sport and play</span>
+<span class="i0">With a damsel frank and gay;</span>
+<span class="i0">But, when wedlock is his aim,</span>
+<span class="i0">Choose a maid of sober fame.</span>
+<span class="i0">Passion kindled in the breast,</span>
+<span class="i0">By a stranger or a guest,</span>
+<span class="i0">Enters with the rising sun,</span>
+<span class="i0">And fleets before his race be run:</span>
+<span class="i0">Love that comes so suddenly,</span>
+<span class="i0">Ever on the wing to fly,</span>
+<span class="i0">Neither can nor will impart</span>
+<span class="i0">Strong impressions to the heart.</span>
+<span class="i0">Pictures drawn on pictures, show</span>
+<span class="i0">Strange confusion to the view:</span>
+<span class="i0">Second beauty finds no base,</span>
+<span class="i0">Where a first has taken place:</span>
+<span class="i0">Then Dulcinea still shall reign</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">231</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Without a rival or a stain;</span>
+<span class="i0">Nor shall fate itself control</span>
+<span class="i0">Her sway, or blot her from my soul:</span>
+<span class="i0">Constancy, the lover's boast,</span>
+<span class="i0">I'll maintain whate'er it cost:</span>
+<span class="i0">This, my virtue will refine;</span>
+<span class="i0">This will stamp my joys divine.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 4em;"><span class="smcap">the same as translated by jarvis.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Love, with idleness is friend,</span>
+<span class="i0">O'er a maiden gains its end:</span>
+<span class="i0">But let business and employment</span>
+<span class="i0">Fill up every careful moment;</span>
+<span class="i0">These an antidote will prove</span>
+<span class="i0">'Gainst the pois'nous arts of love.</span>
+<span class="i0">Maidens that aspire to marry,</span>
+<span class="i0">In their looks reserve should carry:</span>
+<span class="i0">Modesty their price should raise,</span>
+<span class="i0">And be the herald of their praise.</span>
+<span class="i0">Knights, whom toils of arms employ,</span>
+<span class="i0">With the free may laugh and toy;</span>
+<span class="i0">But the modest only, choose</span>
+<span class="i0">When they tie the nuptial noose.</span>
+<span class="i0">Love that rises with the sun,</span>
+<span class="i0">With his setting beams is gone:</span>
+<span class="i0">Love that guest-like visits hearts,</span>
+<span class="i0">When the banquet's o'er, departs:</span>
+<span class="i0">And the love that comes to-day,</span>
+<span class="i0">And to-morrow wings its way,</span>
+<span class="i0">Leaves no traces on the soul,</span>
+<span class="i0">Its affections to control.</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">232</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Where a sovereign beauty reigns,</span>
+<span class="i0">Fruitless are a rival's pains,&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i0">O'er a finished picture who</span>
+<span class="i0">E'er a second picture drew?</span>
+<span class="i0">Fair Dulcinea, queen of beauty,</span>
+<span class="i0">Rules my heart, and claims its duty,</span>
+<span class="i0">Nothing there can take her place,</span>
+<span class="i0">Naught her image can erase.</span>
+<span class="i0">Whether fortune smile or frown,</span>
+<span class="i0">Constancy 's the lover's crown;</span>
+<span class="i0">And, its force divine to prove,</span>
+<span class="i0">Miracles performs in love.</span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the governor in a rage.</span></div>
+
+<p>The history relates that Sancho Panza was conducted
+from the court of justice to a sumptuous palace, where
+in a great hall he found a magnificent entertainment
+prepared. He had no sooner entered than his ears were
+saluted by the sound of many instruments, and four
+pages served him with water to wash his hands, which
+the governor received with becoming gravity. The
+music having ceased, Sancho now sat down to dinner
+in a chair of state placed at the upper end of the table,
+for there was but one seat and only one plate and napkin.
+A personage, who, as it afterwards appeared, was
+a physician, took his stand at one side of his chair with
+a whalebone rod in his hand. They then removed the
+beautiful white cloth, which covered a variety of fruits
+and other eatables. Grace was said by one in a student's
+dress, and a laced bib was placed by a page
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">233</a></span>
+under Sancho's chin. Another, who performed the
+office of sewer, now set a plate of fruit before him;
+but he had scarcely tasted it, when, on being touched
+by the wand-bearer, it was snatched away, and another
+containing meat instantly supplied its place. Yet before
+Sancho could make a beginning it vanished, like the
+former, on a signal of the wand.</p>
+
+<p>The governor was surprised at this proceeding, and
+looking around him, asked if this dinner was only to
+show off their sleight of hand.</p>
+
+<p>"My lord," said the wand-bearer, "your lordship's
+food must here be watched with the same care as is
+customary with the governors of other islands. I am
+a doctor of physic, sir, and my duty, for which I receive
+a salary, is to watch over the governor's health, whereof
+I am more careful than of my own. I study his constitution
+night and day, that I may know how to restore
+him when sick; and therefore think it incumbent on
+me to pay especial regard to his meals, at which I constantly
+preside, to see that he eats what is good and
+salutary, and prevent his touching whatever I imagine
+may be prejudicial to his health or offensive to his
+stomach. It was for that reason, my lord," continued
+he, "I ordered the dish of fruit to be taken away, as
+being too watery, and that other dish, as being too hot
+and over-seasoned with spices, which are apt to provoke
+thirst; and he that drinks much destroys and consumes
+the radical moisture, which is the fuel of life."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, then," quoth Sancho, "that plate of roasted
+partridges, which seem to me to be very well seasoned,
+I suppose will do me no manner of harm?"</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">234</a></span>
+"Hold," said the doctor, "my lord governor shall
+not eat them while I live to prevent it."</p>
+
+<p>"Pray, why not?" quoth Sancho.</p>
+
+<p>"Because," answered the doctor, "our great master
+Hippocrates, the north star and luminary of medicine,
+says in one of his aphorisms, <i>Omnis saturatio mala, perdicis
+autem pessima</i>; which means, 'All repletion is
+bad, but that from partridges the worst.'"</p>
+
+<p>"If it be so," quoth Sancho, "pray cast your eye,
+signor doctor, over all these dishes here on the table,
+and see which will do me the most good or the least
+harm, and let me eat of it without whisking it away
+with your conjuring-stick; for, by my soul, and as
+Heaven shall give me life to enjoy this government,
+I am dying with hunger; and to deny me food&mdash;let
+signor doctor say what he will&mdash;is not the way to
+lengthen my life, but to cut it short."</p>
+
+<p>"Your worship is in the right, my lord governor,"
+answered the physician, "and therefore I am of opinion
+you should not eat of these stewed rabbits, as being
+a food that is tough and acute; of that veal, indeed, you
+might have taken a little, had it been neither roasted
+nor stewed; but as it is, not a morsel."</p>
+
+<p>"What think you, then," said Sancho, "of that
+huge dish there, smoking hot, which I take to be an
+olla-podrida?&mdash;for, among the many things contained
+in it, I surely may light upon something both wholesome
+and toothsome."</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Absit!</i>" quoth the doctor, "far be such a thought
+from us. Olla-podrida! there is no worse dish in the
+world. Leave them to prebends and rectors of colleges
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">235</a></span>
+or lusty feeders at country weddings; but let them not
+be seen on the tables of governors, where nothing contrary
+to health and delicacy should be tolerated. Simple
+medicines are always more estimable and safe, for in
+them there can be no mistake, whereas in such as are
+compounded all is hazard and uncertainty. Therefore,
+what I would at present advise my lord governor to eat,
+in order to corroborate and preserve his health, is about
+a hundred small rolled-up wafers, with some thin slices
+of marmalade, that may sit upon the stomach and help
+digestion."</p>
+
+<p>Sancho, hearing this, threw himself backward in his
+chair, and looking at the doctor from head to foot very
+seriously, asked him his name and where he had studied.
+To which he answered, "My lord governor, my
+name is Doctor Pedro Rezio de Aguero; I am a native
+of a place called Tirteafuera, lying between Caraquel
+and Almoddobar del Campo, on the right hand, and I
+have taken my doctor's degrees in the university of
+Ossuna."</p>
+
+<p>"Then, hark you," said Sancho in a rage, "Signor
+Doctor Pedro Rezzio de Aguero, native of Tirteafuera,
+lying on the right hand as we go from Caraquel to
+Almoddobar del Campo, graduate in Ossuna, get out
+of my sight this instant, or, by the light of Heaven, I
+will take a cudgel, and, beginning with your carcass,
+will so belabor all the physic-mongers in the island,
+that not one of the tribe shall be left!&mdash;I mean of
+those like yourself, who are ignorant quacks. For
+those who are learned and wise I shall make much of
+and honor as so many angels. I say again, Signor
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">236</a></span>
+Pedro Rezio, begone, or I shall take the chair I sit on
+and comb your head to some tune; and if I am called
+to an account for it when I give up my office, I shall
+prove that I have done a good service in ridding the
+world of a bad physician, who is a public executioner.
+Body of me! give me something to eat, or let them take
+back their government,&mdash;for an office that will not find
+a man in victuals is not worth two beans."</p>
+
+<p>On seeing the governor in such a fury the doctor
+would have fled out in the hall had not the sound of a
+courier's horn at that instant been heard in the street.
+"A courier from my lord duke," said the sewer (who
+had looked out of the window), "and he must certainly
+have brought despatches of importance."</p>
+
+<p>The courier entered hastily, foaming with sweat and
+in great agitation, and pulling a packet out of his
+bosom, he delivered it into the governor's hands, and
+by him it was given to the steward, telling him to read
+the superscription, which was this: "To Don Sancho
+Panza, Governor of the Island of Barataria. To be
+delivered only to himself or to his secretary."</p>
+
+<p>"Who is my secretary?" said Sancho.</p>
+
+<p>"It is I, my lord," answered one who was present,
+"for I can read and write, and am, besides, a Biscayan."</p>
+
+<p>"With that addition," quoth Sancho, "you may
+very well be secretary to the emperor himself. Open
+the packet and see what it holds."</p>
+
+<p>The new secretary did so, and having run his eye
+over the contents, he said it was a business which required
+privacy. Accordingly, Sancho commanded all
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">237</a></span>
+to retire excepting the steward and sewer; and when
+the hall was cleared, the secretary read the following
+letter:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"It has just come to my knowledge, Signor Don
+Panza, that certain enemies of mine intend very soon
+to make a desperate attack, by night, upon the island
+under your command; it is necessary, therefore, to be
+vigilant and alert, that you may not be taken by surprise.
+I have also received intelligence from trusty
+spies, that four persons in disguise are now in your
+town, sent thither by the enemy, who, fearful of your
+great talents, have a design upon your life. Keep a
+strict watch, be careful who are admitted to you, and
+eat nothing sent you as a present. I will not fail to
+send you assistance if you are in want of it. Whatever
+may be attempted, I have full reliance on your activity
+and judgment.</p>
+
+<div class="center2">"Your friend,</div>
+<p class="quotsig"><span class="smcap">"The Duke.</span></p>
+<p class="two"><small>"From this place, the 16th of August,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at four in the morning."</small></p>
+
+<p>Sancho was astonished at this information, and the
+others appeared to be no less so. At length, turning to
+the steward, "I will tell you," said he, "the first thing
+to be done, which is to clap Doctor Rezio into a dungeon;
+for if anybody has a design to kill me, it is he,
+and that by the most lingering and the worst of all
+deaths,&mdash;starvation."</p>
+
+<p>"Be that as it may," said the steward, "it is my
+opinion your honor would do well to eat none of the
+meat here upon the table, for it was presented by some
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">238</a></span>
+nuns, and it is a saying, 'The devil lurks behind the
+cross.'"</p>
+
+<p>"You are in the right," quoth Sancho, "and for the
+present give me only a piece of bread and some four
+pounds of grapes,&mdash;there can be no poison in them,&mdash;for,
+in truth, I cannot live without food, and if we must
+keep in readiness for these battles that threaten us, it
+is fit that we should be well fed, for the stomach upholds
+the heart and the heart the man. Do you, Mr. Secretary,
+answer the letter of my lord duke, and tell him
+his commands shall be obeyed throughout most faithfully;
+and present my dutiful respects to my lady
+duchess, and beg her not to forget to send a special
+messenger with my letter and bundle to my wife Teresa
+Panza, which I shall take as a particular favor, and will
+be her humble servant to the utmost of my power.
+And, by the way, you may put in my hearty service to
+my master, Don Quixote de la Mancha, that he may
+see that I am neither forgetful nor ungrateful; and as
+to the rest, I leave it to you, as a good secretary and
+a true Biscayan, to add whatever you please, or that
+may turn to the best account. Now away with this
+cloth, and bring me something that may be eaten, and
+then let these spies, murderers, and enchanters see how
+they meddle with me or my island."</p>
+
+<p>A page now entered, saying, "Here is a countryman
+who would speak with your lordship on business, as he
+says, of great importance."</p>
+
+<p>"It is very strange," quoth Saneho, "that these
+men of business should be so silly as not to see that
+this is not a time for such matters. What! we who
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">239</a></span>
+govern and belike are not made of flesh and bone like
+other men! We are made of marble-stone, forsooth,
+and have no need of rest or refreshment! Before Heaven
+and upon my conscience, if my government lasts, as I
+have a glimmering it will not, I shall hamper more than
+one of these men of business! Well, for this once, tell
+the fellow to come in; but first see that he is no spy,
+nor one of my murderers."</p>
+
+<p>"He looks, my lord," answered the page, "like a
+simple fellow, and I am much mistaken if he be not as
+harmless as a crust of bread."</p>
+
+<p>"Your worship need not fear," quoth the steward,
+"since we are with you."</p>
+
+<p>"But now that Doctor Pedro Rezio is gone," quoth
+Sancho, "may I not have something to eat of substance
+and weight, though it were but a luncheon of bread and
+an onion?"</p>
+
+<p>"At night your honor shall have no cause to complain,"
+quoth the sewer; "supper shall make up for
+the want of dinner."</p>
+
+<p>"Heaven grant it may," replied Sancho.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="hr" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the countryman's tale.</span></div>
+
+<p>The countryman, who was of goodly presence, then
+came in, and it might be seen a thousand leagues off
+that he was an honest, good soul.</p>
+
+<p>"Which among you here is the lord governor?"
+said he.</p>
+
+<p>"Who should it be," answered the secretary, "but
+he who is seated in the chair?"</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">240</a></span>
+"I humble myself in his presence," quoth the countryman;
+and kneeling down, he begged for his hand
+to kiss.</p>
+
+<p>Sancho refused it, and commanded him to rise and
+tell his business. The countryman did so, and said:
+"My lord, I am a husbandman, a native of Miguel
+Terra, two leagues from Ciudad Real."</p>
+
+<p>"What! another Tirteafuera?" quoth Sancho.
+"Say on, brother; for let me tell you, I know Miguel
+Terra very well; it is not very far from my own
+village."</p>
+
+<p>"The business is this, sir," continued the peasant:
+"by the mercy of Heaven I was married in peace and
+in the face of the holy Roman Catholic Church. I
+have two sons, bred scholars; the younger studies for
+bachelor, and the elder for licentiate. I am a widower,
+for my wife died, or rather a wicked physician killed
+her by improper medicines when she was pregnant;
+and if it had been God's will that the child had been
+born, and had proved a son, I would have put him to
+study for doctor, that he might not envy his two brothers,
+the bachelor and the licentiate."</p>
+
+<p>"So that, if your wife," quoth Sancho, "had not
+died, or had not been killed, you would not now be a
+widower."</p>
+
+<p>"No, certainly, my lord," answered the peasant.</p>
+
+<p>"We are much the nearer," replied Sancho; "go
+on, friend, for this is an hour rather for bed than
+business."</p>
+
+<p>"I say, then," quoth the countryman, "that my son
+who is to be the bachelor fell in love with a damsel in
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">241</a></span>
+the same village, called Clara Perlerino, daughter of
+Andres Perlerino, a very rich farmer; which name of
+Perlerino came to them not by lineal or any other descent,
+but because all of that race are paralytic; and
+to mend the name, they call them Perlerinos. Indeed,
+to say the truth, the damsel is like any oriental pearl,
+and looked at on the right side seems a very flower of
+the field; but on the left not quite so fair, for on that
+side she wants an eye, which she lost by the small-pox;
+and though the pits in her face are many and deep, her
+admirers say they are not pits but graves wherein the
+hearts of her lovers are buried. So clean and delicate,
+too, is she, that to prevent defiling her face, she carries
+her nose so hooked up that it seems to fly from her
+mouth; yet for all that she looks charmingly, for she
+has a large mouth, and did she not lack half a score or
+a dozen front teeth she might pass and make a figure
+among the fairest. I say nothing of her lips, for they
+are so thin that, were it the fashion to reel lips, one
+might make a skein of them; but, being of a different
+color from what is usual in lips, they have a marvellous
+appearance, for they are streaked with blue, green, and
+orange-tawny. Pardon me, good my lord governor, if
+I paint so minutely the parts of her who is about to
+become my daughter; for in truth I love and admire
+her more than I can tell."</p>
+
+<p>"Paint what you will," quoth Sancho, "for I am
+mightily taken with the picture; and had I but dined,
+I would not desire a better dessert than your portrait."</p>
+
+<p>"It shall be always at your service," answered the
+peasant; "and the time may come when we may be
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">242</a></span>
+acquainted, though we are not so now; and I assure
+you, my lord, if I could but paint her genteelness and
+the tallness of her person, you would admire: but that
+cannot be, because she is crooked, and crumpled up
+together, and her knees touch her mouth; though, for
+all that, you may see plainly that could she but stand
+upright she would touch the ceiling with her head.
+And she would ere now have given her hand to my
+bachelor to be his wife, but that she cannot stretch it
+out, it is so shrunk; nevertheless, her long guttered
+nails show the goodness of its make."</p>
+
+<p>"So far so good," quoth Sancho; "and now, brother,
+make account that you have painted her from head to
+foot. What is it you would be at? Come to the point
+without so many windings and turnings, so many fetches
+and digressions."</p>
+
+<p>"What I desire, my lord," answered the countryman,
+"is, that your lordship would do me the favor to give
+me a letter of recommendation to her father, begging
+his consent to the match, since we are pretty equal in
+our fortunes and natural endowments; for, to say the
+truth, my lord governor, my son is possessed, and
+scarcely a day passes in which the evil spirits do not
+torment him three or four times; and having thereby
+once fallen into the fire, his face is as shrivelled as a
+piece of scorched parchment, and his eyes are somewhat
+bleared and running; but, bless him! he has the temper
+of an angel, and did he not buffet and belabor himself,
+he would be a very saint for gentleness."</p>
+
+<p>"Would you have anything else, honest friend?"
+said Sancho.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">243</a></span>
+"One thing more I would ask," quoth the peasant,
+"but I dare not,&mdash;yet out it shall; come what may,
+it shall not rot in my breast. I say then, my lord, I
+could wish your worship to give me three or six hundred
+ducats towards mending the fortunes of my bachelor,&mdash;I
+mean, to assist in furnishing his house; for it
+is agreed that they shall live by themselves, without
+being subject to the impertinences of their fathers-in-law."</p>
+
+<p>"Well," quoth Sancho, "see if there is anything
+else you would have, and be not squeamish in asking."</p>
+
+<p>"No, nothing more," answered the peasant.</p>
+
+<p>The governor then rising, and seizing the chair on
+which he had been seated, exclaimed, "I vow to Heaven,
+Don Lubberly, saucy bumpkin, if you do not instantly
+get out of my sight, I will break your head with this
+chair! Son of a rascal, and the devil's own painter!
+At this time of day to come and ask me for six hundred
+ducats! Where should I have them, villain? And
+if I had them, idiot! why should I give them to thee?
+What care I for Miguel Terra, or for the whole race of
+the Perlerinos? Begone, I say! or, by the life of my
+lord duke, I will be as good as my word. Thou art no
+native of Miguel Terra, but some scoffer sent from the
+devil to tempt me. Impudent scoundrel! I have not
+yet had the government a day and a half, and you
+expect I should have six hundred ducats!"</p>
+
+<p>The sewer made signs to the countryman to go out
+of the hall, which he did, hanging down his head, and
+seemingly much afraid lest the governor should put his
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">244</a></span>
+threat into execution,&mdash;for the knave knew very well
+how to play his part.</p>
+
+<p>But let us leave Sancho in his passion; peace be with
+him!</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The devil will never give you a high nose if a flat
+nose will serve your turn.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>All is not gold that glitters.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>I am fully convinced that judges and governors are,
+or ought to be, made of brass, so as that they may not
+feel the importunity of people of business, who expect
+to be heard and despatched at all hours and at all
+seasons, come what will, attending only to their own
+affairs; and if the poor devil of a judge does not hear
+and despatch them, either because it is not in his power,
+or it happens to be an unseasonable time for giving
+audience, then they grumble and backbite, gnaw him
+to the very bones, and even bespatter his whole generation.
+Ignorant man of business! foolish man of business!
+be not in such a violent hurry; wait for the
+proper season and conjuncture, and come not at meals
+and sleeping-time; for judges are made of flesh and
+blood, and must give to nature that which nature
+requires.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Good physicians deserve palms and laurels.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Either we are, or we are not.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Walls have ears.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">245</a></span>
+Let us all live and eat together in harmony and good
+friendship.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>When God sends the morning, the light shines upon
+all.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Make yourselves honey, and the flies will devour
+you.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Your idle and lazy people in a commonwealth are
+like drones in a beehive, which only devour the honey
+the laboring bees gather.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Every day produces something new in the world:
+jests turn into earnest, and the biters are bit.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>They who expect snacks should be modest, and take
+cheerfully whatever is given them, and not haggle with
+the winners; unless they know them to be sharpers,
+and their gains unfairly gotten.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the governor's round of inspection.</span></div>
+
+<p>After traversing a few streets, they heard the clashing
+of swords, and, hastening to the place, they found
+two men fighting. On seeing the officers coming they
+desisted, and one of them said, "Help, in the name of
+Heaven and the king! Are people to be attacked here,
+and robbed in the open streets?"</p>
+
+<p>"Hold, honest man," quoth Sancho, "and tell me
+what is the occasion of this fray; for I am the governor."</p>
+
+<p>His antagonist, interposing, said, "My lord governor,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">246</a></span>ernor,
+I will briefly relate the matter:&mdash;Your honor
+must know that this gentleman is just come from the
+gaming-house over the way, where he has been winning
+above a thousand reals, and heaven knows how,
+except that I, happening to be present, was induced,
+even against my conscience, to give judgment in his
+favor in many a doubtful point; and when I expected
+he would have given me something, though it were but
+the small matter of a crown, by way of present, as it is
+usual with gentlemen of character like myself, who
+stand by, ready to back unreasonable demands, and to
+prevent quarrels, up he got, with his pockets filled, and
+marched out of the house.</p>
+
+<p>"Surprised and vexed at such conduct, I followed
+him, civilly reminded him that he could not refuse me
+the small sum of eight reals, as he knew me to be a
+man of honor, without either office or pension; my
+parents having brought me up to nothing: yet this
+knave, who is as great a thief as Cacus, and as arrant a
+sharper as Andradilla, would give me but four reals!
+Think, my lord governor, what a shameless and unconscionable
+fellow he is! But as I live had it not
+been for your worship coming, I would have made him
+disgorge his winnings, and taught him how to balance
+accounts."</p>
+
+<p>"What shall be done," replied Sancho, "is this:
+you, master winner, whether by fair play or foul, instantly
+give your hackster here a hundred reals, and
+pay down thirty more for the poor prisoners; and you,
+sir, who have neither office nor pension, nor honest
+employment, take the hundred reals, and, some time
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">247</a></span>
+to-morrow, be sure you get out of this island, nor set
+foot in it again these ten years, unless you would
+finish your banishment in the next life: for if I find
+you here, I will make you swing on a gibbet&mdash;at least
+the hangman shall do it for me: so let no man reply,
+or he shall repent it."</p>
+
+<p>The decree was immediately executed: the one disbursed,
+the other received; the one quitted the island,
+the other went home.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Cheats are always at the mercy of their accomplices.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The maid that would keep her good name, stays at
+home as if she were lame. A hen and a housewife,
+whatever they cost, if once they go gadding will
+surely be lost. And she that longs to see, I ween, is
+as desirous to be seen.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Good fortune wants only a beginning.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>When they offer thee a government, lay hold of it.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>When an earldom is put before thee, lay thy clutches
+on it.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>When they throw thee some beneficial bone, snap at
+the favor; if not, sleep on and never answer to good
+fortune and preferment when they knock at thy door.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Truth will always rise uppermost, as oil rises above
+water.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Seeing is believing.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">248</a></span>
+According to reason, each thing has its season.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>When justice is doubtful, I should lean to the side
+of mercy.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">a messenger to teresa panza.</span></div>
+
+<p>Being desirous to please his lord and lady, he set off
+with much glee to Sancho's village. Having arrived
+near it, he inquired of some women whom he saw
+washing in a brook if there lived not in that town one
+Teresa Panza, wife of one Sancho Panza, squire to a
+knight called Don Quixote de la Mancha.</p>
+
+<p>"That Teresa Panza is my mother," said a young
+lass who was washing among the rest, "and that Sancho
+my own father, and that knight our master."</p>
+
+<p>"Are they so?" quoth the page: "come then, my
+good girl, and lead me to your mother, for I have a
+letter and a token for her from that same father of
+yours."</p>
+
+<p>"That I will, with all my heart, sir," answered the
+girl (who seemed to be about fourteen years of age);
+and leaving the linen she was washing to one of her
+companions, without stopping to cover either her head
+or feet, away she ran skipping along before the page's
+horse, bare-legged, and her hair dishevelled.</p>
+
+<p>"Come along, sir, an 't please you," quoth she, "for
+our house stands hard by, and you will find my
+mother in trouble enough for being so long without
+tidings of my father."</p>
+
+<p>"Well," said the page, "I now bring her news that
+will cheer her heart, I warrant her."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">249</a></span>
+So on he went, with his guide running, skipping,
+and capering before him, till they reached the village,
+and, before she got up to the house, she called out
+aloud, "Mother, mother, come out! here's a gentleman
+who brings letters and other things from my good
+father."</p>
+
+<p>At these words out came her mother Teresa Panza
+with a distaff in her hand&mdash;for she was spinning flax.
+She was clad in a russet petticoat, so short that it
+looked as if it had been docked at the placket, with a
+jacket of the same, and the sleeves of her under-garment
+hanging about it. She appeared to be about
+forty years of age and was strong, hale, sinewy, and
+hard as a hazel-nut.</p>
+
+<p>"What is the matter, girl?" quoth she, seeing her
+daughter with the page; "what gentleman is that?"</p>
+
+<p>"It is an humble servant of my Lady Donna Teresa
+Panza," answered the page; and throwing himself
+from his horse, with great respect he went and kneeled
+before the Lady Teresa, saying, "Be pleased, Signora
+Donna Teresa, to give me your ladyship's hand to kiss,
+as the lawful wife of Signor Don Sancho Panza, sole
+governor of the island of Barataria."</p>
+
+<p>"Alack-a-day, good sir, how you talk!" she replied:
+"I am no court-dame, but a poor country woman,
+daughter of a ploughman, and wife indeed of a squire-errant,
+but no governor."</p>
+
+<p>"Your ladyship," answered the page, "is the most
+worthy wife of a thrice-worthy governor, and to confirm
+the truth of what I say, be pleased, madam, to
+receive what I here bring you."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">250</a></span>
+He then drew the letter from his pocket, and a
+string of corals, each bead set in gold, and, putting it
+about her neck, he said, "This letter is from my lord
+governor, and another that I have here, and those
+corals are from my lady duchess, who sends me to your
+ladyship."</p>
+
+<p>Teresa and her daughter were all astonishment.</p>
+
+<p>"May I die," said the girl, "if our master Don
+Quixote be not at the bottom of this&mdash;as sure as day
+he has given my father the government or earldom he
+has so often promised him."</p>
+
+<p>"It is even so," answered the page; "and for Signor
+Don Quixote's sake, my Lord Sancho is now governor
+of the island of Barataria, as the letter will
+inform you."</p>
+
+<p>"Pray, young gentleman," quoth Teresa, "be
+pleased to read it; for though I can spin I cannot read
+a jot."</p>
+
+<p>"Nor I neither, i' faith," cried Sanchica; "but
+stay a little, and I will fetch one who can, either the
+bachelor Sampson Carrasco or the priest himself, who
+will come with all their hearts to hear news of my
+father."</p>
+
+<p>"You need not take that trouble," said the page;
+"for I can read though I cannot spin, and will read it
+to you." Which he accordingly did: but as its contents
+have already been given, it is not here repeated.
+He then produced the letter from the duchess, and
+read as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">251</a></span>
+"<span class="smcap">Friend Teresa</span>,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Finding your husband Sancho worthy of my
+esteem for his honesty and good understanding, I prevailed
+upon the duke, my spouse, to make him governor
+of one of the many islands in his possession. I
+am informed he governs like any hawk; at which I
+and my lord duke are mightily pleased, and give many
+thanks to Heaven that I have not been deceived in my
+choice, for madam Teresa may be assured that it is no
+easy matter to find a good governor&mdash;and God make
+me as good as Sancho governs well. I have sent you,
+my dear friend, a string of corals set in gold&mdash;I wish
+they were oriental pearls; but whoever gives thee a
+bone has no mind to see thee dead: the time will come
+when we shall be better acquainted, and converse with
+each other, and then heaven knows what may happen.
+Commend me to your daughter Sanchica, and tell her
+from me to get herself ready; for I mean to have her
+highly married when she least expects it. I am told
+the acorns near your town are very large&mdash;pray send
+me some two dozen of them; for I shall value them
+the more as coming from your hand. Write to me
+immediately, to inform me of your health and welfare;
+and if you want anything, you need but open your
+mouth, and it shall be measured. So God keep you.</p>
+
+<div class="center2">"Your loving Friend,</div>
+<p class="quotsig">"The <span class="smcap">Duchess</span>.</p>
+<p class="two"><small>"From this place."</small><br /><br /></p>
+
+<p>"Ah!" quoth Teresa, at hearing the letter, "how
+good, how plain, how humble a lady! let me be buried
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">252</a></span>
+with such ladies as this, say I and not with such proud
+madams as this town affords, who think because they
+are gentlefolks, the wind must not blow upon them;
+and go flaunting to church as if they were queens!
+they seem to think it a disgrace to look upon a peasant
+woman: and yet you see how this good lady,
+though she be a duchess, calls me friend, and treats me
+as if I were her equal!&mdash;and equal may I see her to
+the highest steeple in La Mancha! As to the acorns,
+sir, I will send her ladyship a peck of them, and such
+as, for their size, people shall come from far and near
+to see and admire. But for the present, Sanchica, let
+us make much of this gentleman. Do thou take care
+of his horse, child, and bring some new-laid eggs out
+of the stable, and slice some rashers of bacon, and let
+us entertain him like any prince; for his good news
+and his own good looks deserve no less."</p>
+
+<p>Sanchica now came in with her lap full of eggs.
+"Pray, sir," said she to the page, "does my father,
+now he is a governor, wear trunk-hose?"<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">15</a></p>
+
+<p>"I never observed," answered the page, "but doubtless
+he does."</p>
+
+<p>"God's my life!" replied Sanchica, "what a sight
+to see my father in long breeches? Is it not strange
+that ever since I was born I have longed to see my
+father with breeches of that fashion laced to his
+girdle?"</p>
+
+<p>"I warrant you will have that pleasure if you live,"
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">253</a></span>
+answered the page; "before Heaven, if his government
+lasts but two months, he is likely to travel with
+a cape to his cap." <a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">16</a></p>
+
+<hr class="hr" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">of the progress of sancho panza's government.</span></div>
+
+<p>The first business that occurred on that day was
+an appeal to his judgment in a case which was thus
+stated by a stranger&mdash;the appellant: "My lord," said
+he, "there is a river which passes through the domains
+of a certain lord, dividing it into two parts&mdash;I beseech
+your honor to give me your attention, for it is a case
+of great importance and some difficulty. I say, then,
+that upon this river there was a bridge, and at one end
+of it a gallows and a kind of court-house, where four
+judges sit to try, and pass sentence upon those who are
+found to transgress a certain law enacted by the proprietor,
+which runs thus: 'Whoever would pass over
+this bridge must first declare upon oath whence he
+comes, and upon what business he is going; and if he
+swears the truth, he shall pass over; but if he swears to
+a falsehood, he shall certainly die upon a gibbet there
+provided.'</p>
+
+<p>"After this law was made known, many persons ventured
+over it, and the truth of what they swore being
+admitted, they were allowed freely to pass. But a
+man now comes demanding a passage over the bridge;
+and, on taking the required oath, he swears that he is
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">254</a></span>
+going to be executed upon the gibbet before him, and
+that he has no other business. The judges deliberated,
+but would not decide. 'If we let this man pass freely,'
+said they, 'he will have sworn falsely, and by the law, he
+ought to die: and, if we hang him, he will verify his
+oath, and he, having sworn the truth, ought to have
+passed unmolested as the law ordains.' The case, my
+lord, is yet suspended, for the judges know not how to
+act; and, therefore having heard of your lordship's
+great wisdom and acuteness, they have sent me humbly
+to beseech your lordship on their behalf, to give
+your opinion in so intricate and perplexing a case."</p>
+
+<p>"To deal plainly with you," said Sancho, "these
+gentlemen judges who sent you to me might have
+saved themselves and you the labor; for I have more
+of the blunt than the acute in me. However, let me
+hear your question once more, that I may understand
+it the better, and mayhap I may chance to hit the right
+nail on the head."</p>
+
+<p>The man accordingly told his tale once or twice more,
+and when he had done, the governor thus delivered his
+opinion: "To my thinking," said he, "this matter
+may soon be settled; and I will tell you how. The
+man, you say, swears he is going to die upon the gallows;
+and if he is hanged, it would be against the law,
+because he swore the truth; and if they do not hang
+him, why then he swore a lie, and ought to have suffered."</p>
+
+<p>"It is just as you say, my lord governor," said the
+messenger, "and nothing more is wanting to a right
+understanding of the case."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">255</a></span>
+"I say, then," continued Sancho, "that they must
+let that part of the man pass that swore the truth and
+hang that part that swore the lie, and thereby the law
+will be obeyed."</p>
+
+<p>"If so, my lord," replied the stranger, "the man
+must be divided into two parts; and thereby he will
+certainly die, and thus the law, which we are bound
+to observe, is in no respect complied with."</p>
+
+<p>"Harkee, honest man," said Sancho, "either I have
+no brains, or there is as much reason to put this passenger
+to death as to let him live and pass the bridge;
+for, if the truth saves him, the lie also condemns him,
+and this being so, you may tell those gentlemen who
+sent you to me, that since the reasons for condemning
+and acquitting him are equal, they should let the man
+pass freely, for it is always more commendable to do
+good than to do harm."</p>
+
+<p>Sancho having plentifully dined that day, in spite of
+all the aphorisms of Dr. Tirteafuera, when the cloth was
+removed in came an express with a letter from Don
+Quixote to the governor. Sancho ordered the secretary
+to read it to himself, and if there was nothing in it for
+secret perusal, then to read it aloud. The secretary
+having first run it over, accordingly, "My lord," said
+he, "the letter may not only be publicly read, but
+deserves to be engraved in characters of gold; and
+thus it is:&mdash;"</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">don quixote de la mancha to sancho panza,
+governor of the island of barataria.</span></div>
+
+<p>"When I expected to have had an account of thy
+carelessness and blunders, friend Sancho, I was agreeably
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">256</a></span>
+disappointed with news of thy wise behavior,&mdash;for
+which I return thanks to Heaven, that can raise the
+lowest from their poverty and turn the fool into a man
+of sense. I hear thou governest with all discretion;
+and that, nevertheless, thou retainest the humility of
+the meanest creature. But I would observe to thee,
+Sancho, that it is often expedient and necessary, for
+the due support of authority, to act in contradiction
+to the humility of the heart. The personal adornments
+of one that is raised to a high situation must correspond
+with his present greatness, and not with his former
+lowliness. Let thy apparel, therefore, be good and becoming;
+for the hedgestake, when decorated no longer,
+appears what it really is. I do not mean that thou
+shouldst wear jewels or finery; nor, being a judge,
+would I have thee dress like a soldier; but adorn thyself
+in a manner suitable to thy employment. To gain
+the good-will of thy people, two things, among others,
+thou must not fail to observe: one is, to be courteous
+to all,&mdash;that, indeed, I have already told thee; the
+other is, to take especial care that the people be exposed
+to no scarcity of food, for, with the poor, hunger is, of
+all afflictions, the most insupportable. Publish few
+edicts, but let those be good; and, above all, see that
+they are well observed, for edicts that are not kept are
+the same as not made, and serve only to show that the
+prince, though he had wisdom and authority to make
+them had not the courage to insist upon their execution.
+Laws that threaten and are not enforced become like
+King Log, whose croaking subjects first feared, then
+despised him. Be a father to virtue and a step-father
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">257</a></span>
+to vice. Be not always severe, nor always mild; but
+choose the happy mean between them, which is the
+true point of discretion. Visit the prisons, the shambles,
+and the markets; for there the presence of the
+governor is highly necessary. Such attention is a comfort
+to the prisoner hoping for release; it is a terror to
+the butchers, who then dare not make use of false
+weights; and the same effect is produced on all other
+dealers. Shouldst thou unhappily be secretly inclined
+to avarice, to gluttony, or women,&mdash;which I hope thou
+art not,&mdash;avoid showing thyself guilty of these vices;
+for, when those who are concerned with thee discover
+thy ruling passion, they will assault thee on that quarter,
+nor leave thee till they have effected thy destruction.
+View and review, consider and reconsider, the
+counsels and documents I gave thee in writing before
+thy departure hence to thy government, and in them
+thou wilt find a choice supply to sustain thee through
+the toils and difficulties which governors must continually
+encounter. Write to thy patrons, the duke and
+duchess, and show thyself grateful, for ingratitude is
+the daughter of pride, and one of the greatest sins;
+whereas, he who is grateful to those that have done
+him service, thereby testifies that he will be grateful
+also to God, his constant benefactor.</p>
+
+<p>"My lady duchess has despatched a messenger to
+thy wife Teresa with thy hunting-suit, and also a present
+from herself. We expect an answer every moment.
+I have been a little out of order with a certain cat-clawing
+which befell me, not much to the advantage
+of my nose; but it was nothing, for if there are enchanters
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">258</a></span>
+who persecute me, there are others who defend
+me. Let me know if the steward who is with thee had
+any hand in the actions of the Trifaldi, as thou hast
+suspected; and give me advice, from time to time, of
+all that happens to thee, since the distance between us
+is so short. I think of quitting this idle life very soon,
+for I was not born for luxury and ease. A circumstance
+has occurred which may, I believe, tend to deprive me
+of the favor of the duke and duchess; but, though it
+afflicts me much, it affects not my determination, for
+I must comply with the duties of my profession in preference
+to any other claim; as it is often said, <i>Amicus
+Plato, sed magis amica veritas</i>. I write this in Latin,
+being persuaded that thou hast learned that language
+since thy promotion. Farewell, and God have thee in
+His keeping; so mayst thou escape the pity of the
+world.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">"Thy friend,</span></p>
+<p class="quotsig">"<span class="smcap">Don Quixote de la Mancha</span>."
+</p>
+
+<p>Sancho gave great attention to the letter; and it was
+highly applauded, both for sense and integrity, by
+everybody that heard it. After that, he rose from the
+table, and calling the secretary, went without any further
+delay and locked himself up with him in his
+chamber, to write an answer to his master, Don Quixote,
+which was as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">sancho panza to don quixote de la mancha.</span></div>
+
+<p>"I am so taken up with business that I have not yet
+had time to let you know whether it goes well or ill
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">259</a></span>
+with me in this same government, where I am more
+hunger-starved than when you and I wandered through
+woods and wildernesses.</p>
+
+<p>"My lord duke wrote to me the other day to inform
+me of some spies that were got into this island to kill
+me; but as yet I have discovered none but a certain
+doctor, hired by the islanders to kill all the governors
+that come near it. They call him Dr. Pedro Rezio de
+Anguero, and he was born at Tirteafuera. His name
+is enough to make me fear he will be the death of me.
+This same doctor says of himself, that he does cure
+diseases when you have them; but when you have them
+not, he only pretends to keep them from coming. The
+physic he uses is fasting upon fasting, till he turns a
+body to a mere skeleton; as if to be wasted to skin
+and bones were not as bad as a fever. In short, he
+starves me to death; so that, when I thought, as being
+a governor, to have plenty of good hot victuals and
+cool liquor, and to repose on a soft feather-bed, I am
+come to do penance like a hermit.</p>
+
+<p>"I have not yet so much as fingered the least penny
+of money, either for fees or anything else; and how it
+comes to be no better with me I cannot imagine, for I
+have heard that the governors who come to this island
+are wont to have a very good gift, or at least a very
+round sum given them by the town before they enter.
+And they say, too, that this is the usual custom, not
+only here but in other places.</p>
+
+<p>"Last night, in going my rounds, I met with a
+mighty handsome damsel in boy's clothes, and a brother
+of hers in woman's apparel. My gentleman-waiter fell
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">260</a></span>
+in love with the girl, and intends to make her his wife,
+as he says. As for the youth, I have pitched on him
+to be my son-in-law. To-day we both design to talk to
+the father, one Diego de la Llana, who is a gentleman,
+and an old Christian every inch of him.</p>
+
+<p>"I visit the markets as you advised me, and yesterday
+found one of the hucksters selling hazel-nuts. She
+pretended they were all new; but I found she had
+mixed a whole bushel of old, empty, rotten nuts among
+the same quantity of new. With that I adjudged them
+to be given to the hospital boys, who know how to pick
+the good from the bad, and gave sentence against her
+that she should not come into the market for fifteen
+days; and people said I did well.</p>
+
+<p>"I am mighty well pleased that my lady duchess
+has written to my wife, Teresa Pauza, and sent her the
+token you mention. It shall go hard but I will requite
+her kindness one time or other. Pray give my service
+to her, and tell her from me she has not cast her gift in
+a broken sack, as something more than words shall
+show.</p>
+
+<p>"If I might advise you, and had my wish, there
+should be no falling out between your worship and my
+lord and lady; for, if you quarrel with them, it is I
+must come by the worst for it. And, since you mind
+me of being grateful, it will not look well in you not to
+be so to those who have made so much of you at their
+castle.</p>
+
+<p>"If my wife, Teresa Panza, writes to me, pray pay
+the postage and send me the letter; for I have a mighty
+desire to know how fares it with her, and my house and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">261</a></span>
+children. So Heaven protect your worship from evil-minded
+enchanters, and bring me safe and sound out
+of this government; which I very much doubt, seeing
+how I am treated by Doctor Pedro Rezio.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">"Your worship's servant,</span></p>
+<p class="quotsig"><span class="smcap">"Sancho Panza</span>, <i>the Governor</i>."
+</p>
+<hr class="hr" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">teresa panza's letter to her husband, sancho
+panza.</span></div>
+
+<p>"I received thy letter, dear Sancho of my soul, and
+I promise and swear to thee, on the faith of a Catholic
+Christian, I was within two finger-breadths of running
+mad with joy; and take notice, brother, when I heard
+thou wast a governor, I had liked to have dropped down
+dead with pure pleasure; for thou knowest they say
+sudden joy kills as well as deadly sorrow.</p>
+
+<p>"Thy hunting-suit lay before me, the string of corals
+sent by lady duchess was tied round my neck, the
+letters were in my hand, and the messenger in my
+presence; and yet I imagined and believed that all I
+saw and handled was a dream, for who could conceive
+that a goatherd should come to be governor of islands?
+Thou knowest, my friend, that my mother said, 'One
+must live long to see a great deal.' This I mention
+because I hope to see more if I live longer, for I do not
+intend to stop until I see thee a farmer or collector of
+the revenue,&mdash;offices which, though they carry those
+who abuse them to the devil, are, in short, always bringing
+in the penny.</p>
+
+<p>"My lady duchess will tell thee how desirous I am
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">262</a></span>
+of going to court. Consider of it, and let me know thy
+pleasure, for I will endeavor to do thee honor there by
+riding in my coach.</p>
+
+<p>"The curate, barber, bachelor, and even the sexton,
+cannot believe thou art a governor, and say the whole
+is a deception or matter of enchantment, like all the
+affairs of thy master, Don Quixote. Sampson vows he
+will go in quest of thee, and drive this government out
+of thy head, as well as the madness out of Don Quixote's
+skull. I say nothing, but laugh in my own sleeve, look
+at my beads, and contrive how to make thy hunting-suit
+into a gown and petticoat for our daughter. I have
+sent some acorns to my lady duchess, and I wish they
+were of gold. Send me some strings of pearls, if they
+are in fashion in thy island.</p>
+
+<p>"The news of our town are these: the widow of the
+hill has matched her daughter with a bungling painter,
+who came here and undertook all sort of work. The
+corporation employed him to paint the king's arms over
+the gate of the town-house. He asked them two ducats
+for the job, which they paid beforehand; so he fell to
+it and worked eight days, at the end of which he had
+made nothing of it, and said he could not bring his
+hand to paint such trumpery, and returned the money;
+yet, for all that, he married in the name of a good workman.
+The truth is, he has left his brushes and taken up
+the spade, and goes to the field like a gentleman. Pedro
+de Lobo's son has taken orders and shaved his crown,
+meaning to be a priest. Minguilla, Mingo Silvato's niece,
+hearing of it, is suing him upon a promise of marriage.
+We have had no olives this year, nor is there a drop of
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">263</a></span>
+vinegar to be had in all the town. A company of foot-soldiers
+passed through here, and carried off with them
+three girls. I will not say who they are; mayhap they
+will return, and somebody or other marry them, with
+all their faults. Sanchica makes bone-lace, and gets
+eight maravedis a day, which she drops into a saving-box,
+to help her toward household stuff; but now that
+she is a governor's daughter, she has no need to work,
+for thou wilt give her a portion without it. The fountain
+in our market-place is dried up. A thunderbolt
+fell upon the pillory, and there may they all alight!
+I expect an answer to this, and about my going to
+court. And so God grant thee more years than myself,
+or as many, for I would not willingly leave thee
+behind me.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">"Thy wife,</span></p>
+<p class="quotsig"><span class="smcap">"Teresa Panza."</span>
+</p>
+<hr class="hr" />
+<p>To think that the affairs of this life are always to
+remain in the same state is an erroneous fancy. The
+face of things rather seems continually to change and
+roll with circular motion; summer succeeds the spring,
+autumn the summer, winter the autumn, and then
+spring again. So time proceeds in this perpetual round;
+only the life of man is ever hastening to its end, swifter
+than time itself, without hopes to be renewed, unless in
+the next, that is unlimited and infinite. For even by
+the light of nature and without that of faith, many have
+discovered the swiftness and instability of this present
+being, and the duration of the eternal life which is
+expected.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">264</a></span>
+"I know St. Peter is well at Rome," meaning every
+one does well to follow the employment to which he was
+bred.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Let no one stretch his feet beyond the length of his
+sheet.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>When thou art in Rome follow the fashions of Rome.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Sweet is our love of native land.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The prudent man who is expecting to be deprived of
+his habitation looks out for another before he is turned
+out of doors.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Well-got wealth may meet disaster,</span>
+<span class="i0">But ill-got wealth destroys its master.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Bread is relief for all kind of grief.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>We can bear with patience the ill-luck that comes
+alone.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem3">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Man projects in vain,</span>
+<span class="i0">For God doth still ordain.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem3">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">As is the reason,</span>
+<span class="i0">Such is the season.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Let no man presume to think</span>
+<span class="i0">Of this cup I will not drink.</span>
+<span class="i0">Where the flitch we hope to find,</span>
+<span class="i0">Not even a hook is left behind.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">265</a></span>
+Keep a safe conscience, and let people say what they
+will.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>It is as impracticable to tie up the tongue of malice
+as to erect barricades in the open fields.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"If a governor resigns his office in good circumstances,
+people say he must have been an oppressor
+and a knave; and if poverty attends him in his retreat,
+they set him down as an idiot and fool."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"For this time," answered Sancho, "I am certain
+they will think me more fool than knave."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The great Sancho Panza, the flower and mirror of all
+island governors.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>A law neglected is the same as if it had never been
+enacted.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem3">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Give always to the cat</span>
+<span class="i0">What was kept for the rat,</span>
+<span class="i0">And let it be thy view</span>
+<span class="i0">All mischief to eschew.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>It is fitting that all who receive a benefit should show
+themselves grateful, though it be only a trifle.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span style="margin-left: 6em;"><span class="smcap">song of altisidora.</span></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Stay, cruel knight,</span>
+<span class="i1">Take not thy flight,</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">266</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Nor spur thy battered jade;</span>
+<span class="i1">Thy haste restrain,</span>
+<span class="i1">Draw in the rein,</span>
+<span class="i0">And hear a love-sick maid.</span>
+<span class="i1">Why dost thou fly?</span>
+<span class="i1">No snake am I,</span>
+<span class="i0">That poison those I love.</span>
+<span class="i1">Gentle I am</span>
+<span class="i1">As any lamb,</span>
+<span class="i0">And harmless as a dove.</span>
+<span class="i1">Thy cruel scorn</span>
+<span class="i1">Has left forlorn</span>
+<span class="i0">A nymph whose charms may vie</span>
+<span class="i1">With theirs who sport</span>
+<span class="i1">In Cynthia's court,</span>
+<span class="i0">Though Venus' self were by.</span>
+<span class="i_4">Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,</span>
+<span class="i_4">Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Like ravenous kite</span>
+<span class="i1">That takes its flight</span>
+<span class="i0">Soon as't has stol'n a chicken,</span>
+<span class="i1">Thou bear'st away</span>
+<span class="i1">My heart, thy prey,</span>
+<span class="i0">And leav'st me here to sicken.</span>
+<span class="i1">Three night-caps, too,</span>
+<span class="i1">And garters blue,</span>
+<span class="i0">That did to legs belong</span>
+<span class="i1">Smooth to the sight</span>
+<span class="i1">As marble white,</span>
+<span class="i0">And faith, almost as strong.</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">267</a></span>
+<span class="i1">Two thousand groans,</span>
+<span class="i1">As many moans,</span>
+<span class="i0">And sighs enough to fire</span>
+<span class="i1">Old Priam's town,</span>
+<span class="i1">And burn it down,</span>
+<span class="i0">Did it again aspire.</span>
+<span class="i_4">Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,</span>
+<span class="i_4">Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">May Sancho ne'er</span>
+<span class="i1">His buttocks bare</span>
+<span class="i0">Fly-flap, as is his duty;</span>
+<span class="i1">And thou still want</span>
+<span class="i1">To disenchant</span>
+<span class="i0">Dulcinea's injured beauty.</span>
+<span class="i1">May still transformed,</span>
+<span class="i1">And still deformed,</span>
+<span class="i0">Toboso's nymph remain,</span>
+<span class="i1">In recompense</span>
+<span class="i1">Of thy offence,</span>
+<span class="i0">Thy scorn and cold disdain.</span>
+<span class="i1">When thou dost wield</span>
+<span class="i1">Thy sword in field,</span>
+<span class="i0">In combat, or in quarrel,</span>
+<span class="i1">Ill-luck and harms</span>
+<span class="i1">Attend thy arms,</span>
+<span class="i0">Instead of fame and laurel.</span>
+<span class="i_4">Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,</span>
+<span class="i_4">Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">May thy disgrace</span>
+<span class="i1">Fill every place,</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">268</a></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy falsehood ne'er be hid,</span>
+<span class="i1">But round the world</span>
+<span class="i1">Be tossed and hurled,</span>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">From Seville to Madrid.</span>
+<span class="i1">If, brisk and gay,</span>
+<span class="i1">Thou sitt'st to play</span>
+<span class="i0">At ombre or at chess,</span>
+<span class="i1">May ne'er spadille</span>
+<span class="i1">Attend thy will,</span>
+<span class="i0">Nor luck thy movements bless.</span>
+<span class="i1">Though thou with care</span>
+<span class="i1">Thy corns dost pare,</span>
+<span class="i0">May blood the penknife follow;</span>
+<span class="i1">May thy gums rage,</span>
+<span class="i1">And naught assuage</span>
+<span class="i0">The pain of tooth that's hollow.</span>
+<span class="i_4">Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,</span>
+<span class="i_4">Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Liberty is one of the most precious gifts which
+Heaven hath bestowed on man, exceeding all the treasures
+which earth encloses, or which ocean hides; and
+for this blessing, as well as for honor, we may and
+ought to venture life itself. On the other hand, captivity
+and restraint are the greatest evils that human
+nature can endure. I make this observation, Sancho,
+because thou hast seen the delicacies and the plenty
+with which we were entertained in that castle; yet, in
+the midst of those savory banquets and ice-cooled potations,
+I thought myself confined within the very straits
+of famine, because I did not enjoy the treat with
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">269</a></span>
+that liberty which I should have felt had it been my
+own.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Obligations incurred by benefits and favors received
+are fetters which hamper the free-born soul.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Happy is he to whom Heaven hath sent a morsel of
+bread, for which he is obliged to none but Heaven
+itself.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The man in wisdom must be old</span>
+<span class="i0">Who knows in giving where to hold.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>All times are not the same, nor equally fortunate;
+and those incidents which the vulgar call omens, though
+not founded on any natural reason, have, even by persons
+of sagacity, been held and deemed as fair and
+fortunate. One of these superstitious omen-mongers
+rises in the morning, goes abroad, chances to meet a
+friar belonging to the beatified St. Francis; and as if
+he had encountered a dragon in his way, runs back
+to his own house with fear and consternation. Another
+Foresight by accident scatters the salt upon the
+table, by which fear and melancholy are scattered
+through his heart; as if Nature was obliged to foretell
+future misfortunes by such trivial signs and tokens;
+whereas a prudent man and a good Christian will not
+so minutely scrutinize the purposes of Heaven. Scipio,
+chancing to fall in landing upon the coast of Afric, and
+perceiving that his soldiers looked upon this accident as
+a bad omen, he embraced the soil with seeming eagerness,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">270</a></span>
+saying, "Thou shalt not 'scape me, Afric, for I
+have thee safe in my arms."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Love has no respect of persons, and laughs at the
+admonitions of reason; like Death, he pursues his
+game both in the stately palaces of kings and the
+humble huts of shepherds. When he has got a soul
+fairly in his clutches, his first business is to deprive it
+of all shame and fear.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Beauty, they say, is the chief thing in love-matters.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"Hearken to me, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "there
+are two kinds of beauty,&mdash;the one of the mind, the
+other of the body. That of the mind shines forth in
+good sense and good conduct, in modesty, liberality,
+and courtesy; and all these qualities may be found in
+one who has no personal attractions; and when that
+species of beauty captivates, it produces a vehement
+and superior passion. I well know, Sancho, that I am
+not handsome, but I know also that I am not deformed;
+and a man of worth, if he be not hideous, may inspire
+love, provided he has those qualities of the mind which
+I have mentioned."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Of all the sins that men commit, though some say
+pride, in my opinion ingratitude is the worst. It is
+truly said that hell is full of the ungrateful. From
+that foul crime I have endeavored to abstain ever since
+I enjoyed the use of reason; and if I cannot return the
+good offices done me by equal benefits, I substitute my
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">271</a></span>
+desire to repay them; and if this be not enough, I publish
+them: for he who proclaims the favors he has
+received would return them if he could. And generally
+the power of the receiver is unequal to that of the
+giver, like the bounty of Heaven, to which no man can
+make an equal return. But, though utterly unable to
+repay the unspeakable beneficence of God, gratitude
+affords an humble compensation suited to our limited
+powers.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Lay a bridge of silver for a flying enemy.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Let Martha die, so that she be well fed.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He that has skill should handle the quill.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There is no greater folly than to give way to despair.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Patience often falls to the ground when it is over-loaded
+with injuries.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Alexander the Great ventured to cut the Gordian
+knot, on the supposition that cutting would be as effectual
+as untying it, and, notwithstanding this violence,
+became sole master of all Asia.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"Be not concerned," said Roque, addressing himself
+to Don Quixote, "nor tax Fortune with unkindness.
+By thus stumbling, you may chance to stand more
+firmly than ever; for Heaven, by strange and circuitous
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">272</a></span>
+ways, incomprehensible to men, is wont to raise
+the fallen and enrich the needy."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Oh, maddening sting of jealousy, how deadly thy
+effects!</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Justice must needs be a good thing, for it is necessary
+even among thieves.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"Signor Roque," said he, "the beginning of a cure
+consists in the knowledge of the distemper and in the
+patient's willingness to take the medicines prescribed
+to him by his physician. You are sick; you know
+your malady, and God, our physician, is ready with
+medicines that, in time, will certainly effect a cure.
+Besides, sinners of good understanding are nearer to
+amendment than those who are devoid of it; and, as
+your superior sense is manifest be of good cheer and
+hope for your entire recovery. If in this desirable work
+you would take the shortest way and at once enter that
+of your salvation, come with me and I will teach you
+to be a knight-errant,&mdash;a profession, it is true, full of
+labors and disasters, but which, being placed to the
+account of penance, will not fail to lead you to honor
+and felicity."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The abbot must eat that sings for his meat.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Courtesy begets courtesy.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The jest that gives pain is no jest.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">273</a></span>
+That pastime should not be indulged which tends to
+the detriment of a fellow-creature.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The fire is discovered by its own light; so is virtue
+by its own excellence.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>No renown equals in splendor that which is acquired
+by the profession of arms.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Virtue demands our homage wherever it is found.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Women are commonly impatient and inquisitive.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>By a man's actions may be seen the true disposition
+of his mind.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"Body of me," said Don Quixote, "what a progress
+you have made, signor, in the Tuscan language! I
+would venture a good wager that where the Tuscan
+says <i>piace</i>, you say, in Castilian, <i>plaze</i>; and where he
+says <i>piu</i>, you say <i>mas</i>; and <i>su</i> you translate by the word
+<i>arriba</i>; and <i>giu</i> by <i>abaxo</i>."</p>
+
+<p>"I do so, most certainly," quoth the author, "for
+such are the corresponding words."</p>
+
+<p>"And yet, I dare say, sir," quoth Don Quixote,
+"that you are scarcely known in the world,&mdash;but it
+is the fate of all ingenious men. What abilities are
+lost, what genius obscured, and what talents despised!
+Nevertheless, I cannot but think that translation from
+one language into another, unless it be from the noblest
+of all languages, Greek and Latin, is like presenting
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">274</a></span>
+the back of a piece of tapestry, where, though the figures
+are seen, they are obscured by innumerable knots
+and ends of thread, very different from the smooth and
+agreeable texture of the proper face of the work; and
+to translate easy languages of a similar construction
+requires no more talent than transcribing one paper
+from another. But I would not hence infer that translating
+is not a laudable exercise; for a man may be
+worse and more unprofitably employed. Nor can my
+observation apply to the two celebrated translators,
+Doctor Christopher de Figueroa, in his 'Pastor Fido,'
+and Don John de Xaurigui, in his 'Aminta,' who, with
+singular felicity, have made it difficult to decide which
+is the translation and which is the original. But tell
+me, signor, is this book printed at your charge, or have
+you sold the copyright to some bookseller?"</p>
+
+<p>"I print it, sir, on my own account," answered the
+author, "and expect a thousand ducats by this first
+impression of two thousand copies. At six reals each
+copy they will go off in a trice."</p>
+
+<p>"'Tis mighty well," quoth Don Quixote, "though
+I fear you know but little of the tricks of booksellers,
+and the juggling there is amongst them. Take my
+word for it, you will find a burden of two thousand
+volumes upon your back no trifling matter, especially
+if the book be deficient in sprightliness."</p>
+
+<p>"What, sir!" cried the author, "would you have me
+give my labor to a bookseller, who, if he paid me three
+maravedis for it, would think it abundant, and say I
+was favored? No, sir, fame is not my object: of that
+I am already secure. Profit is what I now seek, without
+which fame is nothing."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">275</a></span>
+"Well, Heaven prosper you, sir!" said the knight,
+who, passing on, observed a man correcting a sheet of
+a book entitled "The Light of the Soul." On seeing
+the title, he said, "Books of this kind, numerous as
+they already are, ought still to be encouraged; for
+numerous are the benighted sinners that require to be
+enlightened." He went forward, and saw another book
+under the corrector's hand, and, on inquiring the title,
+they told him it was the second part of the ingenious
+gentleman Don Quixote de la Mancha, written by such
+a one, of Tordesillas.</p>
+
+<p>"I know something of that book," quoth Don Quixote,
+"and, on my conscience, I thought it had been
+burnt long before now for its stupidity; but its Martinmas
+will come, as it does to every hog. Works of
+invention are only so far good as they come near to
+truth and probability; as general history is valuable in
+proportion as it is authentic."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Rashness is not valor; doubtful hopes ought to make
+men resolute, not rash.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>There is a remedy for all things except death.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Between said and done</span>
+<span class="i0">A long race may be run.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He whom Heaven favors may St. Peter bless.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>They that give must take.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">276</a></span>
+Where there are hooks, we do not always find bacon.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Good expectation is better than bad possession.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>To-day for you, and to-morrow for me.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>He that falls to-day may rise to-morrow.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Great hearts should be patient under misfortunes, as
+well as joyful when all goes well.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>I have heard say, she they call Fortune is a drunken,
+freakish dame, and withal so blind that she does not
+see what she is about; neither whom she raises, nor
+whom she pulls down.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>One thing I must tell thee, there is no such thing in
+the world as fortune; nor do the events which fall out,
+whether good or evil, proceed from chance, but from
+the particular appointment of Heaven,&mdash;and hence
+comes the usual saying, that every man is the maker
+of his own fortune.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The faults of the ass should not be laid on the pack-saddle.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>When it rains let the shower fall upon my cloak.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"Observe, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "there is
+a great deal of difference between love and gratitude.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">277</a></span>
+It is very possible for a gentleman not to be in love;
+but, strictly speaking, it is impossible he should be
+ungrateful."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The sin will cease when the temptation is removed.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The heart will not grieve for what the eye doth not
+perceive.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>What prayers can ne'er gain, a leap from a hedge
+may obtain.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Proverbs are short maxims of human wisdom, the
+result of experience and observation, and are the gifts
+of ancient sages; yet the proverb which is not aptly
+applied, instead of being wisdom, is stark nonsense.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>It is the part of a good servant to sympathize with
+his master's pains.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"Methinks," quoth Sancho, "that a man cannot be
+suffering much when he can turn his brain to verse-making."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">sancho panza on sleep.</span></div>
+
+<p>"No entiendo eso," replied Sancho; "solo entiendo
+que en tanto que duermo, ni tengo temor, ni esperanza,
+ni trabajo, ni gloria; y bien haya el que invent&oacute; el
+sue&ntilde;o, capa que cubre todos los humanos pensamientos,
+manjar que quita la hambre, agua que ahuyenta la sed,
+fuego que calienta el frio, frio que templa el ardor, y
+finalmente moneda general con que todas las cosas se
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">278</a></span>
+compran, balanza y peso que iguala al pastor con el rey,
+y al simple con el discreto. Sola una cosa tiene mala
+el sue&ntilde;o, segun he oido decir, y es que se parece &aacute; la
+muerte, pues de un dormido &aacute; un muerto hay muy poca
+diferencia."</p>
+
+<p>"I know not what that means," replied Sancho; "I
+only know that while I am asleep I have neither fear,
+nor hope, nor trouble, nor glory. Blessings light on
+him who first invented sleep! Sleep is the mantle that
+shrouds all human thoughts; the food that dispels hunger;
+the drink that quenches thirst; the fire that warms
+the cold; the cool breeze that moderates heat; in a
+word, the general coin that purchases every commodity;
+the weight and balance that makes the shepherd
+even with his sovereign, and the simple with the sage.
+There is only one bad circumstance, as I have heard,
+in sleep: it resembles death, inasmuch as between a
+dead corse and a sleeping man there is no apparent
+difference."</p>
+
+<p>"Enjoy thy repose," said Don Quixote; "thou wast
+born to sleep and I to watch; and, during the little of
+night that remains, I will give my thoughts the rein,
+and cool the furnace of my reflections with a short
+madrigal, which I have this evening, unknown to thee,
+composed in my own mind."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Amor, cuando yo pienso</span>
+<span class="i0">En el mal que me das terrible y fuerte,</span>
+<span class="i0">Voy corriendo &aacute; la muerte,</span>
+<span class="i0">Pensando as&iacute; acabar mi mal inmenso:</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">279</a></span>
+<span class="i1">Mas en llegando al paso,</span>
+<span class="i0">Que es puerto en este mar de mi tormento,</span>
+<span class="i0">Tanta alegr&iacute;a siento,</span>
+<span class="i0">Que la vida se esfuerza, y no le paso.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">As&iacute; el vivir me mata,</span>
+<span class="i0">Que la muerte me torna &aacute; dar la vida.</span>
+<span class="i0">O condicion no oida,</span>
+<span class="i0">La que conmigo muerte y vida trata!</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O love! when, sick of heart-felt grief,</span>
+<span class="i1">I sigh, and drag thy cruel chain,</span>
+<span class="i0">To death I fly, the sure relief</span>
+<span class="i1">Of those who groan in lingering pain.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But coming to the fatal gates,</span>
+<span class="i1">The port in this my sea of woe,</span>
+<span class="i0">The joy I feel new life creates,</span>
+<span class="i1">And bids my spirits brisker flow.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Thus dying every hour I live,</span>
+<span class="i1">And living I resign my breath.</span>
+<span class="i0">Strange power of love, that thus can give</span>
+<span class="i1">A dying life and living death!</span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem2">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Till Heaven, in pity to the weeping world,</span>
+<span class="i1">Shall give Altisidora back to day,</span>
+<span class="i0">By Quixote's scorn to realms of Pluto hurled,</span>
+<span class="i1">Her every charm to cruel death a prey;</span>
+<span class="i1">While matrons throw their gorgeous robes away,</span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">280</a></span>
+<span class="i0">To mourn a nymph by cold disdain betrayed:</span>
+<span class="i1">To the complaining lyre's enchanting lay</span>
+<span class="i0">I'll sing the praises of this hapless maid,</span>
+<span class="i_1">In sweeter notes than Thracian Orpheus ever played.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Nor shall my numbers with my life expire,</span>
+<span class="i1">Or this world's light confine the boundless song:</span>
+<span class="i0">To thee, bright maid, in death I'll touch the lyre,</span>
+<span class="i1">And to my soul the theme shall still belong.</span>
+<span class="i1">When, freed from clay, the flitting ghosts among,</span>
+<span class="i0">My spirit glides the Stygian shores around,</span>
+<span class="i1">Though the cold hand of death has sealed my tongue,</span>
+<span class="i0">Thy praise the infernal caverns shall rebound,</span>
+<span class="i_1">And Lethe's sluggish waves move slower to the sound.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Better kill me outright than break my back with
+other men's burdens.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Sleep is the best cure for waking troubles.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Devils, play or not play, win or not win, can never
+be content.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>History that is good, faithful, and true, will survive
+for ages; but should it have none of these qualities, its
+passage will be short between the cradle and the grave.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>As for dying for love, it is all a jest; your lovers,
+indeed, may easily say they are dying, but that they
+will actually give up the ghost, believe it&mdash;Judas.
+</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">281</a></span>
+"Madam," said he, "your ladyship should know
+that the chief cause of this good damsel's suffering
+is idleness, the remedy whereof is honest and constant
+employment. Lace, she tells me, is much worn in
+purgatory, and since she cannot but know how to make
+it, let her stick to that; for, while her fingers are assiduously
+employed with her bobbins, the images that
+now haunt her imagination will keep aloof, and leave
+her mind tranquil and happy. This, madam, is my
+opinion and advice."</p>
+
+<p>"And mine, too," added Sancho, "for I never in
+my life heard of a lacemaker that died for love; for
+your damsels that bestir themselves at some honest
+labor think more of their work than of their sweethearts.
+I know it by myself; when I am digging, I
+never think of my Teresa, though, God bless her! I
+love her more than my very eyelids."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Railing among lovers is the next neighbor to forgiveness.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The ass will carry the load, but not a double load.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">When money's paid before it's due,</span>
+<span class="i0">A broken limb will straight ensue.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>Delay breeds danger.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Pray to God devoutly,</span>
+<span class="i0">And hammer away stoutly.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">282</a></span>
+A sparrow in the hand is worth an eagle on the wing.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"No more proverbs, for God's sake," quoth Don
+Quixote, "for, methinks, Sancho, thou art losing
+ground, and returning to <i>sicut erat</i>. Speak plainly,
+as I have often told thee, and thou wilt find it worth
+a loaf per cent to thee."</p>
+
+<p>"I know not how I came by this unlucky trick,"
+replied Sancho: "I cannot bring you in three words
+to the purpose without a proverb, nor give you a proverb
+which, to my thinking, is not to the purpose;&mdash;but
+I will try to mend."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The straw is too hard to make pipes of.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>The knight and squire ascended a little eminence,
+whence they discovered their village; which Sancho
+no sooner beheld than, kneeling down, he said: "Open
+thine eyes, O my beloved country! and behold thy son,
+Sancho Panza, returning to thee again, if not rich, yet
+well whipped! Open thine arms, and receive thy son
+Don Quixote, too! who, though worsted by another,
+has conquered himself, which, as I have heard say, is
+the best kind of victory! Money I have gotten, and
+though I have been soundly banged, I have come off
+like a gentleman."</p>
+
+<p>"Leave these fooleries, Sancho," quoth Don Quixote,
+"and let us go directly to our homes, where we will
+give full scope to our imagination, and settle our intended
+scheme of a pastoral life."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">283</a></span>
+It must here be mentioned that Sancho Panza, by
+way of sumpter-cloth, had thrown the buckram robe
+painted with flames, which he had worn on the night
+of Altisidora's revival, upon his ass. He likewise clapped
+the mitre on Dapple's head,&mdash;in short, never was an
+ass so honored and bedizened. The priest and bachelor,
+immediately recognizing their friends, ran toward them
+with open arms. Don Quixote alighted, and embraced
+them cordially. In the mean time, the boys, whose keen
+eyes nothing can escape, came flocking from all parts.</p>
+
+<p>"Ho!" cries one, "here comes Sancho Panza's ass,
+as gay as a parrot, and Don Quixote's old horse, leaner
+than ever!"</p>
+
+<p>Thus, surrounded by the children and accompanied by
+the priest and the bachelor, they proceeded through the
+village till they arrived at Don Quixote's house, where,
+at the door, they found the housekeeper and the niece,
+who had already heard of his arrival. It had likewise
+reached the ears of Sancho's wife, Teresa, who, half-naked,
+with her hair about her ears, and dragging Sanchica
+after her, ran to meet her husband; and seeing
+him not so well equipped as she thought a governor
+ought to be, she said: "What makes you come thus,
+dear husband? methinks you come afoot and foundered!
+This, I trow, is not as a governor should
+look."</p>
+
+<p>"Peace, wife," quoth Sancho; "the bacon is not so
+easily found as the pin to hang it on. Let us go home,
+and there you shall hear wonders. I have got money,
+and honestly, too, without wronging anybody."</p>
+
+<p>"Hast thou got money, good husband? Nay, then,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">284</a></span>
+'t is well, however it be gotten; for, well or ill, it will
+have brought up no new custom in the world."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>All things human, especially the lives of men, are
+transitory, ever advancing from their beginning to their
+decline and final determination.</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+<p>"The greatest folly," said Sancho, "that a man can
+commit in this world, is to give himself up to death
+without any good cause for it, but only from melancholy."</p>
+<hr class="two" />
+
+
+<div class="center"><span class="smcap">the will of don quixote.</span></div>
+
+<p>"I feel, good sirs," said Don Quixote, "that death
+advances fast upon me. Let us then be serious, and
+bring me a confessor, and a notary to draw up my will,
+for a man in my state must not trifle with his soul.
+Let the notary be sent for, I beseech you, while my
+friend here, the priest, is taking my confession."</p>
+
+<p>The priest, having listened to his dying friend's confession,
+came out of the room and told them that the good
+Alonzo Quixano was near his end, and certainly in his
+right senses; he therefore advised them to go in, as it
+was full time that his will should be made. These
+tidings gave a terrible stab to the overcharged hearts
+of the two ladies and his faithful squire, whose eyes
+overflowed with weeping, and whose bosoms had well-nigh
+burst with a thousand sighs and groans; for, indeed,
+it must be owned, as we have somewhere observed,
+that whether in the character of Alonzo Quixano the
+Good, or in the capacity of Don Quixote de la Mancha,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">285</a></span>
+the poor gentleman had always exhibited marks of a
+peaceable temper and agreeable demeanor, for which
+he was beloved, not only by his own family, but also
+by all those who had the pleasure of his acquaintance.</p>
+
+<p>The notary entering the apartment with the rest of
+the company, wrote the preamble of the will, in which
+Don Quixote disposed of his soul in all the necessary
+Christian forms; then proceeding to the legacies, he
+said:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Item: whereas, Sancho Panza, whom, in my madness,
+I made my squire, has in his hands a certain sum
+of money for my use; and, as divers accounts, disbursements,
+and pecuniary transactions have passed between
+us, it is my will that he shall not be charged or brought
+to account for the said money; but, if there be any
+overplus after he has deducted the payment of what I
+owe him, the said overplus, which must be a mere trifle,
+shall be his own, and much good may it do him; and
+as, during my disorder, I contributed to his being made
+governor of an island, I would now, while I enjoy my
+perfect senses, confer upon him, were it in my power,
+a whole kingdom, which he richly deserves for the
+innocency of his heart and the fidelity of his service."</p>
+
+<p>Then turning to the disconsolate squire, "Forgive
+me, friend," said he, "for having been the cause of
+thy appearing in the eye of the world a madman like
+myself, by drawing thee into my erroneous notions
+concerning the existence and adventures of knights-errant."</p>
+
+<p>"Gentlemen," said Don Quixote, "let us proceed
+fair and softly. I was mad, I am now sane; I was
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">286</a></span>
+Don Quixote de la Mancha; I am now, as formerly
+styled, Alonzo Quixano the Good. And may my repentance
+and sincerity restore me to the esteem you
+once had for me. Now let the notary proceed.</p>
+
+<p>"Item: I bequeath to Antonia Quixano, my niece,
+here present, all my estate, real and personal, after the
+payment of all my debts and legacies; and the first to
+be discharged shall be the wages due to my housekeeper
+for the time she has been in my service, and twenty
+ducats besides for a suit of mourning.</p>
+
+<p>"I appoint for my executors signor the priest and
+signor bachelor Sampson Carrasco, here present.</p>
+
+<p>"Item: It is also my will that, if Antonia Quixano,
+my niece, should be inclined to marry, it shall be only
+with a man who, upon the strictest inquiry, shall be
+found to know nothing of books of chivalry; and, in
+case it appear that he is acquainted with such books,
+and that my niece, notwithstanding, will and doth marry
+him, then shall she forfeit all I have bequeathed her,
+which my executors may dispose of in pious uses as
+they think proper.</p>
+
+<p>"And, finally, I beseech the said gentlemen, my
+executors, that if haply they should come to the knowledge
+of the author of a certain history dispersed abroad,
+entitled, 'The Second Part of the Achievements of Don
+Quixote de la Mancha,' that they will, in my name,
+most earnestly entreat him to forgive me for having
+been the innocent cause of his writing such a number
+of absurdities as that performance contains; for I quit
+this life with some scruples of conscience arising from
+that consideration."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">287</a></span>
+The will being thus concluded, he was seized with a
+fainting-fit, and stretched himself at full length in the
+bed, so that all the company were alarmed and ran to
+his assistance. During three days which he lived after
+the will was signed and sealed, he frequently fainted,
+and the whole family was in confusion. Nevertheless,
+the niece ate her victuals, the housekeeper drank to the
+repose of his soul, and even Sancho cherished his little
+carcass; for the prospect of succession either dispels or
+moderates that affliction which an heir ought to feel at
+the death of the testator.</p>
+
+<p>At last Don Quixote expired, after having received
+all the sacraments, and in the strongest terms, pathetically
+enforced, expressed his abomination against all
+books of chivalry; and the notary observed, that in
+all the books of that kind which he had perused, he
+had never read of any knight-errant who died quietly
+in his bed as a good Christian, like Don Quixote; who,
+amidst the tears and lamentations of all present, gave
+up the ghost, or, in other words, departed this life.
+The curate was no sooner certified of his decease, than
+he desired the notary to make out a testimonial, declaring
+that Alonzo Quixano the Good, commonly called
+Don Quixote de la Mancha, had taken his departure
+from this life, and died of a natural death; that no
+other author, different from Cid Hamet Benengeli,
+should falsely pretend to raise him from the dead, and
+write endless histories of his achievements.</p>
+
+<hr class='hr' />
+
+<p>This was the end of that extraordinary gentleman of
+La Mancha, whose birthplace Cid Hamet was careful
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">288</a></span>
+to conceal, that all the towns and villages of that province
+might contend for the honor of having produced
+him, as did the seven cities of Greece for the glory of
+giving birth to Homer. The lamentations of Sancho,
+the niece and the housekeeper, are not here given, nor
+the new epitaphs on the tomb of the deceased knight,
+except the following one, composed by Sampson Carrasco:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Here lies the valiant cavalier,</span>
+<span class="i1">Who never had a sense of fear:</span>
+<span class="i1">So high his matchless courage rose,</span>
+<span class="i0">He reckoned death among his vanquished foes.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i1">Wrongs to redress, his sword he drew,</span>
+<span class="i1">And many a caitiff giant slew;</span>
+<span class="i1">His days of life though madness stained,</span>
+<span class="i0">In death his sober senses he regained.</span>
+</div></div>
+<hr class='hr' />
+<div class="center">FOOTNOTES</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">1</span></a> Rodrigo de Bivar, or the Cid, the national champion of
+Spain.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">2</span></a> Some biographers have it that the house was in the Calle de
+Leon, afterwards the royal asylum, and that his wife and sister
+had belonged to the third order of St. Francis for seven years
+before his death.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">3</span></a> Showing that Cervantes was familiar with the Bible as well
+as Latin classics.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">4</span></a> Showing also his familiarity with &AElig;sop.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">5</span></a> The king's morsel is better than the lord's bounty.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">6</span></a> Certain churches, with indulgences, appointed to be visited,
+either for pardon of sins, or for procuring blessings. Madmen,
+probably, in their lucid intervals, were obliged to this exercise.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">7</span></a> "From a friend to a friend, a bug in the eye," is a proverb
+applied to the false professions of friendship.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">8</span></a> Cervantes makes frequent use of Bible quotations.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">9</span></a> A Sicilian, native of Catania, who lived in the latter part of
+the sixteenth century. He was commonly called Pesce-cola, or
+Fish-Nicholas, and is said to have lived so much in the water
+from his infancy, that he could cleave the waters in the midst of
+a storm like a marine animal.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">10</span></a> <i>Zapateadores</i>: dancers that strike the soles of their shoes
+with the palms of their hands, in time and measure.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">11</span></a> The phrase, <i>No quiero de tu capilla</i>, alludes to the practice of
+friars, who, when charity is offered, hold out their hoods to receive
+it, while they pronounce a refusal with their tongues.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">12</span></a> The entire proverb is: "He whose father is mayor goes safe
+to his trial."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">13</span></a> The proverb is: "To keep silence well is called <i>Santo</i>."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">14</span></a> Jarvis's translation.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">15</span></a> Trunk-hose were prohibited by royal decree shortly after the
+publication of <i>Don Quixote</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">16</span></a> It was customary for men of quality to wear a veil or
+mask depending from the covering worn on the head, in order to
+shield the face from the sun.</p></div>
+
+<hr class='hr' />
+
+<p class="center">University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WIT AND WISDOM OF DON QUIXOTE***</p>
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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Wit and Wisdom of Don Quixote, by Miguel de
+Cervantes Saavedra, et al
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Wit and Wisdom of Don Quixote
+
+
+Author: Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra
+
+
+
+Release Date: March 4, 2008  [eBook #24754]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WIT AND WISDOM OF DON QUIXOTE***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Turgut Dincer, and the Project
+Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustrations.
+      See 24754-h.htm or 24754-h.zip:
+      (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/7/5/24754/24754-h/24754-h.htm)
+      or
+      (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/7/5/24754/24754-h.zip)
+
+
+      +------------------------------------------------+
+      | Transcriber's note:                            |
+      |                                                |
+      | Proverbs in the original book are separated by |
+      | short horizontal lines; in this text file      |
+      | proverbs are treated as indented block quotes  |
+      | to distinguish them from the main body of the  |
+      | text.                                          |
+      +------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+WIT AND WISDOM OF DON QUIXOTE.
+
+PATCH GRIEF WITH PROVERBS.--_Shakespeare._
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: CERVANTES.]
+
+[Illustration: Cervantes Monument in Madrid, Spain.]
+
+
+
+Boston:
+Roberts Brothers.
+1882.
+
+Copyright, 1882,
+by Roberts Brothers.
+
+University Press:
+John Wilson and Son, Cambridge.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+Abadexo, 9.
+
+Adam, the first head scratched, 168.
+
+Adventure of the dead body, 51.
+
+Adventures of Esplandian, 17.
+
+Alamos of Medina del Campo, 199.
+
+Aldermen, the braying, 169.
+
+Altisidora, songs of, 219, 265.
+
+Amadis de Gaul, 4, 17.
+
+Amadis de Greece, 19.
+
+Arms, the honorable profession of, 173.
+
+Araucana, 24.
+
+Austriada, 24.
+
+
+Bacallao, 9.
+
+Barabbas, wife for, 115.
+
+Barataria, the island of, 222, 223, 250.
+
+Barber's basin, taken for Mambrino's helmet, 58.
+
+Basilius the Poor, adventure of, 147.
+
+Belfreys and palfreys much the same, 125.
+
+Boar hunt, the, 182.
+
+Bray, town of, 172.
+
+
+Cane, the hollow, 227.
+
+Carrasco, views upon critics, 109;
+  made executor, 286.
+
+Chrysostom, story of, 37;
+  interment of, 41;
+  song of, 45;
+  epitaph upon, 49.
+
+Clavileno, flight of, 203.
+
+Comedy, adherence to the unities necessary, 89.
+
+Countryman, the tale of, 239.
+
+Critic, not cricket, 163.
+
+Cuenza, cloth of, 180.
+
+Cupid's address at wedding of Quiteria, 153.
+
+Curadillo, 9.
+
+Cure of jealousy, 22.
+
+
+Dapple, 181, 182, 184, 197.
+
+Darinel, 18.
+
+Dead body, adventure of, 51.
+
+Death, Sancho's views on, 165.
+
+Description of a lady, 33.
+
+Diana, the, of Montemayor, 21, 22.
+
+Disenchantment of Dulcinea, 187, 196.
+
+Don Bellionis, 20.
+
+Don Diego de Miranda, 20.
+
+Don Galaor, serving no especial mistress, 36.
+
+Don Olivante de Laura, 18.
+
+Don Kyrie Eleison of Montalvan, 21.
+
+Don Quixote, income of, 1;
+  family of, 1;
+  age of, 1;
+  fancies of, 2;
+  his armor, 2;
+  his steed, 3;
+  begins his adventures, 5;
+  arrival at inn, 6;
+  seeks knighthood, 10;
+  watches his armor, 13;
+  is knighted, 14;
+  his self-confidence, 16;
+  his library destroyed, 16, 25;
+  his squire, 25;
+  extolls the Golden Age, 29;
+  his requisites for a knight-errant, 35;
+  at the interment of Chrysostom, 41;
+  his adventure with a dead body, 51;
+  captures Mambrino's helmet, 56;
+  performs penance, 63;
+  his views of knight-errantry, 76, 82;
+  receives a visit from the lady Dulcinea, 126;
+  adventure with the lions, 133;
+  attends the wedding of Quiteria the Fair, 147;
+  a "sensible madman," 197;
+  counsels Sancho, 203, 210, 225;
+  his views upon poetry, 131;
+  of love, 161;
+  of marriage, 162;
+  upon long finger-nails, 211;
+  of proverbs, 212;
+  converses with an author, 273;
+  returns home, 282;
+  his will, 284, 285;
+  his death, 287;
+  epitaph upon, 288.
+
+Duke and Duchess, the, 181.
+
+Dulcinea, described by Don Quixote, 37;
+  letters to, 65;
+  lines to, 66;
+  disenchantment of, 187, 196;
+  lines to, 66;
+  sonnet to, 96.
+
+
+Earldom, Sancho's views of the management of one, 91.
+
+El Cancionero, 23.
+
+Enchanter's errand, the, 188.
+
+Epitaphs on Don Quixote, 96, 98, 288.
+
+Epitaphs on Dulcinea, 99.
+
+Ermine, a modest women compared to one, 73.
+
+
+Fabila, the fate of, 184.
+
+Fish Nicholas, 143.
+
+Florismarle of Hyrcania, 18.
+
+Fort, Sonnet on the, 84.
+
+Frasso, Antonio de lo, 22.
+
+Friendship, sonnet to, 69.
+
+
+Galatea of Cervantes, 24.
+
+Genealogies reduced to four kinds, 119.
+
+Gil Polo, 22.
+
+Golden Age, panegyric upon the, 29.
+
+Goleta, sonnet upon the, 83.
+
+Governor's round of inspection, 245.
+
+Gratitude a duty, 61.
+
+
+Heaven, death by the hand of, demands patience, 55.
+
+Herdsmen, the purse of the, 199.
+
+Herradura, the, 199.
+
+
+Industry tranquillizing, 281.
+
+Instructions for government of Island, 203-210.
+
+Island of Sancho Panza, promise of, 25, 26;
+  possession taken of, 222, 223.
+
+
+Julius Caesar, anecdote of, 174.
+
+
+Knighted, Don Quixote, 14.
+
+Knight-errant, the, without a mistress, 4, 36, 177;
+  food of, 28;
+  impiety of, 35;
+  defence of, 35;
+  hunger of, 71;
+  compared to the courtier-knight, 118;
+  extolled, 141;
+  compared to the saints, 122, 123;
+  his need of money never recorded, 12.
+
+Knight-errantry, the surpassing excellence of, 76;
+  compared to the life of a scholar or soldier, 78, 79;
+  science of, 142.
+
+Knighthood, ceremonies of, 14, 15.
+
+Knight of the Cross, 19.
+
+Knight Platir, 19.
+
+Knight, the, reproved, 198;
+  if poor, his rank is manifested by his virtues, 128.
+
+
+Lace-bone, 263.
+
+Lace worn in Purgatory, 281.
+
+La Mancha, 1, 95, 288.
+
+Lanzarote, romance of, 8.
+
+Learning of Sancho Panza, 28, 205.
+
+Letters, from Don Quixote, 255;
+  from the Duchess, 251;
+  from the Duke, 237;
+  from Sancho, 196, 258;
+  from Teresa, 261.
+
+Library of Don Quixote destroyed, 16.
+
+Licentiate, story of, 100.
+
+Lions, adventure with, 133.
+
+Lucifer, the first tumbler, 168.
+
+
+Mambrino's helmet, 56.
+
+Manuscript discovered in Saragossa, 95.
+
+Marcela, cruelty of, 33, 37, 39.
+
+Marriage of Camacho the Rich, 147.
+
+Mateo Boyardo, 19.
+
+Merlin, 188-190.
+
+Miraguardia, castle of, 20.
+
+Mirror of chivalry, 19.
+
+Molinera buckles the spurs, 15.
+
+Monteil, plains of, 26.
+
+Monsurato, 24.
+
+Montesinos, care of, 181.
+
+
+Nymphs of Enares, 23.
+
+
+Olalia, poem to, 31.
+
+Oran, general of, 133.
+
+
+Palinurus, 84.
+
+Panza, Sancho, _vide_ Sancho Panza.
+
+Panza, Teresa, _vide_ Teresa Panza.
+
+Parley about the penance, 189.
+
+Pastor Fido, 274.
+
+Penance, a pleasing, 65.
+
+Penance of Don Quixote, 63.
+
+Poem addressed to Dulcinea, 66.
+
+Poem addressed to Olalia, 31.
+
+Poetry, views of Don Quixote upon, 131
+
+Praise of poverty, 217.
+
+Proverbs. See INDEX TO PROVERBS.
+
+Proverbs, Don Quixote's dislike of, 186, 212, 215, 216
+
+Proverbs of Sancho Panza, 212.
+
+Pyramus and Thisbe, story of, 145.
+
+
+Queen Pintiquinestra, 18.
+
+Quexana, Antonia, heiress of Don Quixote, 286.
+
+Quixote, Don, _vide_ Don Quixote.
+
+Quiteria, the Fair, 147.
+
+
+Retention, definition of, 63.
+
+Rosinante, named, 3;
+  encomiums upon, 7;
+  sonnet to, 97, 124.
+
+
+Saints and knights-errant compared, 123.
+
+Sancha Mary, a match for her considered, 113-115.
+
+Sanchica, 263.
+
+Sancho Panza, becomes a squire, 25;
+  counselled to ambition, 27;
+  defines retention, 63;
+  love to God, 71;
+  his views upon administration, 91;
+  is received by his wife, 93;
+  plain speaking of, 105;
+  conditions of his service, 110;
+  self-confidence of, 111;
+  rejoicing at rejoining Don Quixote, 112;
+  homecomings of, 117;
+  at the wedding of Quiteria, 147;
+  views upon death, 165;
+    upon penance, 189, 196;
+    upon sleep, 277;
+  his conundrum, 168;
+  description of, 168;
+  plight of, 181;
+  at the boar hunt, 183;
+  submits to penance, 195;
+  government of, 197;
+  official dress of, 205;
+  learning of, 28, 205;
+  proverbs of, 212;
+  receives advice, 213;
+  assumes the governorship, 222;
+  encounter with the doctor, 233;
+  advises the countryman, 239;
+  makes a round of inspection, 245;
+  returns home, 282.
+
+Saragossa, 95.
+
+Scholars, sufferings of, 78, 79.
+
+Serenade, a, 218.
+
+Seville, story of lunatic of, 100.
+
+Shepherd of Iberia, 23.
+
+Shepherd of Filida, 23.
+
+Sleep, Sancho's views upon, 277.
+
+Soldier, sufferings of the, 79, 80.
+
+
+Tailor, the secret of a, 224.
+
+Tasters, story of, 129.
+
+Tears of St. Peter, 72.
+
+Tembleque, 200.
+
+Teresa Panza, receives Sancho, 93;
+  counsels him, 114;
+  her good sense, 116;
+  receives the page, 249;
+  writes Sancho, 261.
+
+Tirante the White, 21.
+
+Tolosa, girds on sword of Don Quixote, 14.
+
+Truchuela, 9.
+
+Truth, the mother of history, 29.
+
+
+Wife, but one good, 160.
+
+
+Zamora, a bagpipe, 152.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX TO PROVERBS.
+
+
+Actions, when prejudicial, not to be recorded, 106.
+
+Advice, a woman's, to be taken, 120.
+
+Affront, an, to be maintained, 177.
+
+Animals, lessons to be learned from, 127.
+
+Analysis of fables, 87.
+
+Army, the, a school for generosity, 82.
+
+Associates, character indicated by self-chosen ones, 124.
+
+
+Beauty, all does not inspire to love, 49.
+
+Beauty in a modest woman, 49.
+
+Beautiful objects infinite, 49.
+
+Benefits conferred on the base, 61.
+
+Bird, a, in the hand, 71, 120, 127, 282.
+
+Birds, none in last year's nests, 218.
+
+Biters, the, are bit, 245.
+
+Book, good in every, 109.
+
+Books, no, no bacon, 124.
+
+Brevity pleasing, 60.
+
+Building on impossibilities, 74.
+
+By-and-by, the streets of, 162.
+
+
+Cats, by night all are gray, 180.
+
+Church, the, the court, the sea, 83.
+
+Clergyman, a, what he should be to be beloved, 33.
+
+Companions, a man known by his, 124.
+
+Comparisons offensive, 104.
+
+Course, the middle, the one of valor, 104.
+
+Customs not all invented at once, 6.
+
+
+Death, a remedy for everything but, 210.
+
+Delay breeds danger, 86, 281.
+
+Devil, the, assumes an angel form, 74.
+
+Diligence, the mother of success, 86.
+
+Disquietude designed for knights, 34.
+
+Drinker, a good, covered by a bad cloak, 186.
+
+
+Enemy, an, the merits of his cause, 209.
+
+Epics, prose, 88.
+
+Ermine, an, a modest woman compared to, 73.
+
+
+Fables, analysis of, 87.
+
+Fast bind, fast find, 120.
+
+Fear, the effect of, 49.
+
+Fiction, better as it resembles truth, 87.
+
+Finger, a, between two eye-teeth, 215.
+
+Flattery, the sway of, 145.
+
+Forewarned, forearmed, 132.
+
+Fortune, good, seldom comes single, 83.
+
+Fortune like a mill-wheel, 87.
+
+Friend, a, consolation, 62.
+
+Frying-pan, out of, 50.
+
+
+God's mercy more glorious than His justice, 210.
+
+Good in every book, 109.
+
+Gold, all that glitters is not, 244.
+
+Governing pleasant, 203.
+
+Gratitude, a compensation, 271; a duty, 61.
+
+Grievance, no, can keep the sufferer from kindness, 70.
+
+
+Handle, the right one of things, 56.
+
+Happiness as reckoned by sages, 130.
+
+History, a sacred subject, 108.
+
+History, faithful, will survive, 280.
+
+Holy days to be kept peacefully, 122.
+
+Hope and love coincident, 74.
+
+Host, to reckon without the, 104.
+
+Hypocrite, a, less dangerous than the open transgressor, 173.
+
+
+Jest, a painful, no jest, 272.
+
+Jesting, a time for, 123.
+
+Judge, a, should lean toward compassion, 209.
+
+
+King, serving the, in war, 173.
+
+Knights, all, not courteous, 118.
+
+
+Lance, the, never blunted the pen, 49.
+
+Learned men among mountains. 93.
+
+Leap, a, better than a prayer, 60.
+
+Liberality, the blessings of, 288.
+
+Liberty, the blessings of, 2.
+
+Light, the, shines upon all, 245.
+
+Lineages, two kinds of, 60.
+
+Liver, the good, the best preacher, 166.
+
+Love, a leveller, 29.
+
+Love, the eyes of, 70.
+
+Love, unconstrained, 49.
+
+Love, uncompromising, 56.
+
+Love, conquered by flight, 74.
+
+Love, vanities of, 76.
+
+Love, wears spectacles, 163.
+
+Lovers, external actions of, 124.
+
+
+Madness, the followers of, 129.
+
+Maiden, a, her reserve her defence, 104.
+
+Many littles make a mickle, 121.
+
+Man, a dishonored, 71.
+
+Manners, good, cheap, 202.
+
+Master, a, judged by his servants, 176.
+
+Mayor, he whose father is a, 214.
+
+Might overcomes, 86.
+
+Mischance, one, invites another, 70.
+
+Misfortunes never single, 70.
+
+Money willingly lent to officials, 118.
+
+Music, the effect of, 70.
+
+
+Nail, a, in Fortune's wheel, 162.
+
+Nature is like a potter, 176.
+
+Nobility, true, 76.
+
+
+Pains, those of others are easy to bear, 176.
+
+Patience, and shuffle the cards, 168.
+
+Paymaster, a good, needs no security, 176.
+
+Peace, no, in scruples of conscience, 104.
+
+Philosophers in cottages, 93.
+
+Purpose, the honest, favored, 76.
+
+
+Railing is neighbor to forgiveness, 281.
+
+Remedy, a, for everything but death, 210.
+
+Retreat sometimes wise, 61.
+
+Riches, two roads to, 120.
+
+Riches, of little avail against trouble, 62.
+
+Rome, when in, 264.
+
+Rules for obtaining excellence, 62.
+
+
+Seeing is believing, 128.
+
+Severity is not disdain, 50.
+
+Sleep, a cure for trouble, 280.
+
+Soldier, a covetous, a monster, 82.
+
+Soldier, equal to a captain, 34.
+
+Song, the relief of, 61.
+
+Sorrow, concealed, 73.
+
+Sorrow, a blessing, 128.
+
+
+Thing, a, begun is half finished, 202.
+
+Thing, a, the right handle of, 56.
+
+To-day here, to-morrow gone, 121.
+
+Tongues as weapons, 177.
+
+Tricks of a town, 86.
+
+Truffles, to look for, in the sea, 106.
+
+Truth, the mother of history, 29.
+
+Truth may bend, 124.
+
+
+Virtue more persecuted than beloved, 86.
+
+
+Walls have ears, 244.
+
+Wealth, its gratification is a right application, 119.
+
+Wise, a word to the, 202.
+
+Wit and humor, attributes of genius, 108.
+
+Woman, varieties of, 70.
+
+Woman, the burden to which she is born, 118.
+
+Woman, her advice, to be taken, 120.
+
+
+Yes or no of a woman, between the, 162.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: DON QUIXOTE.]
+
+CERVANTES.
+
+A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
+
+
+The most trivial act of the daily life of some men has a unique
+interest, independent of idle curiosity, which dissatisfies us with the
+meagre food of date, place, and pedigree. So in the "Cartas de Indias"
+was published, two years ago, in Spain, a facsimile letter from
+Cervantes when tax-gatherer to Philip II., informing him of the efforts
+he had made to collect the taxes in certain Andalusian villages.
+
+It is difficult, from the slight social record that we have of
+Cervantes, to draw the line where imagination begins and facts end.
+
+Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, the contemporary of Shakspeare, Galileo,
+Camoens, Rubens, Tasso, and Lope de Vega, was born obscurely and in
+poverty, but with good antecedents. His grandfather, Juan de Cervantes,
+was the corregidor, or mayor, of Ossuna, and our poet was the youngest
+son of Rodrigo and Leonora de Cortinos, of the Barajas family. On either
+side he belonged to illustrious houses. He speaks of his birthplace as
+the "famous Henares,"--"Alcala de Henares," sometimes called Alcala de
+San Justo, from the saint San Justo having there suffered martyrdom
+under the traitor Daciamos. The town is beautifully situated on the
+borders of the Henares River, two thousand feet above the level of the
+sea.
+
+He was born on Sunday, October 9, 1547, and was baptized in the church
+of Santa Maria la Mayor, receiving his name on the fete day of his
+patron Saint Miguel, which some biographers have confounded with that of
+his birthday.
+
+We may be forgiven for a few words about Alcala de Henares, since, had
+it only produced so rare a man as was Cervantes, it would have had
+sufficient distinction; but it was a town of an eventful historical
+record. It was destroyed about the year 1000, and rebuilt and possessed
+by the Moors, was afterwards conquered by Bernardo, Archbishop of
+Toledo. Three hundred years later it was the favorite retreat of
+Ximenes, then Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo, who returned to it, after
+his splendid conquests, laden with gold and silver spoil taken from the
+mosques of Oran, and with a far richer treasure of precious Arabian
+manuscripts, intended for such a university as had long been his
+ambition to create, and the corner-stone of which he laid with his own
+hands in 1500. There was a very solemn ceremonial at the founding of
+this famous university, and a hiding away of coins and inscriptions
+under its massive walls, and a pious invocation to Heaven for a special
+blessing on the archbishop's design! At the end of eight years the
+extensive and splendid buildings were finished and the whole town
+improved. With the quickening of literary labor and the increase of
+opportunities of acquiring knowledge, the reputation of the university
+was of the highest.
+
+The cardinal's comprehensive mind included in its professorships all
+that he considered useful in the arts. Emulation was encouraged, and
+every effort was made to draw talent from obscurity. To this enlightened
+ecclesiastic is the world indebted for the undertaking of the Polyglot
+Bible, which, in connection with other learned works, led the university
+to be spoken of as one of the greatest educational establishments in the
+world. From far and near were people drawn to it. King Ferdinand paid
+homage to his subject's noble testimonial of labor, by visiting the
+cardinal at Alcala de Henares, and acknowledging that his own reign had
+received both benefit and glory from it. The people of Alcala punningly
+said, the church of Toledo had never had a bishop of greater
+_edification_ than Ximenes; and Erasmus, in a letter to his friend
+Vergara, perpetrates a Greek pun on the classic name of Alcala,
+intimating the highest opinion of the state of science there. The
+reclining statue of Ximenes, beautifully carved in alabaster, now
+ornaments his sepulchre in the College of St. Ildefonso.
+
+Cervantes shared the honor of the birthplace with the Emperor Ferdinand;
+he of "blessed memory," who failed to obtain permission from the Pope
+for priests to marry, but who, in spite of turbulent times, maintained
+religious peace in Germany, and lived to see the closing of the Council
+of Trent, marking his reign as one of the most enlightened of the age.
+
+Alcala also claims Antonio de Solis, the well-known historian, whose
+"Conquest of Mexico" has been translated into many languages, as well as
+Teodora de Beza, a zealous Calvinistic reformer and famous divine, a
+sharer of Calvin's labors in Switzerland and author of the celebrated
+manuscripts known as Beza's manuscripts.
+
+Judging from the character of the town and the refining educational
+influence that so grand a university must have had over its inhabitants,
+we have a right to believe that Cervantes was early imbued with all that
+was noble and good, and it is difficult to understand why, with all the
+advantages which the College of St. Ildefonso opened to him, he should
+have been sent away from it to that of Salamanca. Even allowing that the
+supposition of early poverty was correct, it would have appeared an
+additional reason for his being educated in his native town,
+particularly as liberal foundations were made for indigent students.
+The fact of his being sent to Salamanca would seem to disprove the
+supposition of pecuniary necessity. In its early days, the university of
+Salamanca was justly celebrated for its progress in astronomy and
+familiarity with Greek and Arabian writers; but, during the fifteenth
+and sixteenth centuries, it seems to have remained very stationary,
+little attention being paid to aught beside medicine and dogmatic
+theology.
+
+After being two years at Salamanca he changed to Madrid, where he is
+supposed to have made great progress, under the care of Juan Lopez de
+Hoyos, a professor of _belles lettres_, who spoke of Cervantes as "our
+dear and beloved pupil." Hoyos was himself a poet, and occasionally
+published collections to which Cervantes contributed his pastoral
+"Filena," which was much admired at the time. He also wrote several
+ballads; but ballads generally belong to their own age, and those that
+remain to us of his have lost much of their poignancy. Two poems,
+written on the death of Isabella of Valois, wife of Philip II.,
+specially pleased Hoyos, who at the time gave full credit to his
+promising pupil. That eighth wonder of the world, the Escurial, was in
+progress during Cervantes' time in Madrid; built as expiatory by the
+king, the husband of the same unfortunate Isabella. He was that subtle
+tyrant of Spain, who had the grace to say, on the destruction of the
+Invincible Armada, "I sent my fleet to combat with the English, not with
+the elements. God's will be done."
+
+While he was yet a boy, bull-fights were introduced into Spain:--
+
+  "Such the ungentle sport that oft invites
+   The Spanish maid, and cheers the Spanish swain,
+   Nurtured in blood betimes, his heart delights
+   In vengeance, gloating on another's pain."
+
+The attention of the Cardinal Acquaviva was called to him through his
+composition of "Filena," and, in 1568 or 1569, he joined the household
+of the cardinal and accompanied him to Rome. It is sad to think that
+only a few meagre items are all that remain to tell us of his daily life
+at this important period of his life. By some of his biographers he is
+mentioned as being under the protection of the cardinal; by one as
+seeking to better his penniless condition; by another as having the
+place of _valet de chambre_; and still again, we find him mentioned as a
+chamberlain in the household. Monsignor Guilio Acquaviva, in 1568, went
+as ambassador to Spain to offer the king the condolences of the Pontiff
+on the death of Don Carlos. The cardinal was a man of high position,
+young, yet of great accomplishments, and with cultivated literary
+tastes. What then could have been more natural than that he should have
+found companionship in Cervantes, and have desired to attach him to
+himself as a friend or as a confidential secretary, to be always near
+him. It is more than probable that his impressions of Southern France,
+which he immortalized in his early pastoral romance of "Galatea" were
+imbibed while making the journey to Rome with the cardinal, in whose
+service he must have remained three years, as in October 7, 1571, we
+find him joining the united Venetian, Papal, and Spanish expedition
+commanded by Don John of Austria, against the Turks and the African
+corsairs.
+
+In the naval engagement at Lepanto, Cervantes was badly wounded, and
+finally lost his left hand and part of the arm. For six months he was
+immured in the hospital at Messina. After his recovery, he joined the
+expedition to the Levant, commanded by Marco Antonio Colonna, Duke of
+Valiano. He joined at intervals various other expeditions, and not till
+after his prominence in the engagement at Tunis, did he, in 1575, start
+to return to Spain, the land of his heart, the theme of the poet, and
+the region supposed by the Moors to have dropped from heaven. Don John
+of Austria and Don Carlos of Arragon, Viceroy of Sicily, each bore the
+warmest testimony to the bravery and heroism of our poet, and each gave
+him strong letters of commendation to the king of Spain.
+
+In company with his own brother Roderigo, and other wounded soldiers
+who were returning home, he started in the ship _El Sol_, which had the
+misfortune, September 26, 1575, to be captured by an Algerine squadron.
+Then it happened that the letters from the two kings, so highly prized
+and upon which he had built so many hopes, proved a great misfortune to
+him. The pirates cast lots for the captives. Cervantes fell to the share
+of the captain, Dali Mami by name, who, in consequence of finding these
+two letters, imagined he must be some Don of great importance and worth
+a heavy ransom. He was watched and guarded with great strictness, loaded
+with heavy fetters, and subjected to cruelties of every kind, till his
+captor, not finding him of so much account as he had supposed, and no
+money being offered for his ransom, the captain finally sold him for
+five hundred escudos to the Dey Azan.
+
+Inasmuch as a change might lead to something better, Cervantes rejoiced.
+His gallant spirit, ever hopeful, looked for the open door in
+misfortune. But, alas! his increased sufferings with the Dey reached a
+climax almost beyond endurance. He made every struggle to escape; but
+even in the midst of all his own sufferings, he found ways of aiding his
+fellow-victims and inspiring them with the hopes denied to himself.
+Roderigo had escaped long before, and from that time was making constant
+exertion to raise the needful amount to redeem Miguel from the Dey, but
+not till September, 1580, did he succeed in effecting his release; some
+biographers making it a still later date.
+
+His father had long been dead, and his mother and sisters gathered what
+they could, but the combined family efforts were insufficient. There was
+a society of pious and generous monks, who made special exertions to
+assist in the liberation of Christian captives, and they finally made up
+the amount demanded by Azan for Cervantes' release.
+
+Worn down in spirit, broken in health, crushed at heart, who may venture
+to speak of the effect upon him when he once more found himself at home
+and in the embraces of his family? He himself says: "What transport in
+life can equal that which a man feels on the restoration of his
+liberty?" There is probably no more thrilling or exact an account of the
+Algerine slavery than he has given in "Don Quixote." Whether his love
+for a military life still pursued him, whether he desired an opportunity
+for revenge upon his persecutors, or whether it was fatality,--maimed
+and ruined as he was he once more entered the army. We cannot analyze
+his motive. He makes his bachelor Sampson say, "The historian must pen
+things not as they ought to have been but as they really were, without
+adding to or diminishing aught from the truth." The lives of literary
+men are not always devoid of stirring incidents. M. Viardot says of
+him: "Cervantes was an illustrious man before he became an illustrious
+author; the doer of great deeds before he produced an immortal book."
+Don Lope de Figueras then commanded a regiment of tried and veteran
+soldiers in the army of the Duke of Alva, in Portugal. His brother
+Roderigo was serving in it when he joined it; and as Figueras had known
+Cervantes in former campaigns, it is most probable he was in his
+regiment. Later on, we find Cervantes accompanying the Marquis de Santa
+Cruz on an expedition to the Azores, serving long and bravely under him.
+The conquest of the Azores is described as a fiercely won but brilliant
+victory over all the islands; and Cervantes immortalized the genius and
+gallantry of the admiral in a sonnet.
+
+The spirit of adventure ran high among the Castilians, while the whole
+nation was at the same time in course of mental as well as moral
+development. We are obliged to acknowledge that Spain in many ways was
+far behind Italy, though hardly as some would have it, at the distance
+of half a century. We must remember that, in 1530, there were only two
+hundred printing-presses in the whole of Europe, and that when the first
+one was set up in London, the Westminster abbot exclaimed, "Brethren,
+this is a tremendous engine! We must control it, or it will conquer us."
+The first press in Spain was set up in Valencia, in 1474, and Clemencin
+says that more printing-presses in the infancy of the art were probably
+at work in Spain than there are at the present day.
+
+A change seemed to have crept gradually over the whole national
+character of Spain after the brilliant and prosperous reign of Ferdinand
+and Isabella, commencing with the severity of the Inquisition and
+continuing under the tyranny of Philip II., predisposing the army to
+savage deeds, till even the women and children were infected and the
+literature of the period slightly tinged.
+
+Cervantes is too often merged into Don Quixote as if he had no separate
+existence. He accomplished more for the improvement of Spanish
+literature with his well-timed satire than all the laws or sermons could
+effect. His remarkable mind seems to have escaped the influence of the
+times, unless we make an exception of his drama "Numancia," which, while
+it excites the imagination, fills us with horror at its details, and
+fails to touch our hearts, but is full of historical truths. Schlegel,
+however, reviews it with enthusiasm. He calls his "Life in Algiers" a
+comedy, but undoubtedly it is a true picture of his own captivity. We
+are touched and filled with gloom at its perusal, and only remember it
+as a tragedy. These two dramas were lost sight of till the end of the
+eighteenth century, and they are superior to later dramatic efforts. He
+was proud of his original conception of a tragedy composed of ideal and
+allegorical characters which he permitted to have part in the "Life in
+Algiers," as well as in "Numancia." Of the thirty plays spoken of as
+given to the stage but few now remain; but others may yet be found. The
+Spaniards say the faults of a great writer are not left in the
+ink-stand. Spain, in Cervantes' day, had passed the chivalric age,
+though many relics of it still remained in its legends, songs, and
+proverbs. Cervantes becomes his own critic in his "Supplement to a
+Journey to Parnassus," and speaking of his dramas, says: "I should
+declare them worthy the favor they have received were they not my own."
+Unfortunately, his comedy of "La Confusa" is among the lost ones. He
+alludes to it as a good one among the best.
+
+We have known Cervantes as a student, a soldier, a captive, and an
+author, and now we have to imagine our maimed and bronzed soldier-poet,
+after his many fortunes of war, in the new character of a lover. In
+thought we trace his noble features, his intelligent look and expressive
+eye, combined with his dignified bearing and thoughtful manner, and in
+so tracing we find it congenial to imagine him as being well dressed and
+enveloped in the ample Spanish cloak thrown gracefully over his breast
+and left shoulder, concealing the poor mutilated arm, and at the same
+time making it all the more difficult to believe that the right one had
+ever wielded a "Toledo blade" or sworn that very strongest vow of
+loyalty, "A fe de Rodrigo."[1]
+
+We find him much interested in the quaint old-fashioned town of
+Esquivias, making many friends therein, and sometimes gossiping with the
+host of the _fonda_, so famed for the generous wines of Esquivias that
+it needed no "bush;" and while enjoying his cigarito and taking an
+occasional morsel from the dish of _quisado_ before him, he is learning
+from the same gossiping host many items of interest about the very
+illustrious families of Esquivias,--for it was famed for its chivalrous
+prowess and its "claims of long descent." He had commenced his
+"Galatea," and in it he was painting living portraits, and with great
+delicacy he was, as the shepherd Elicio, portraying his passion for
+Catalina, the daughter of Fernando de Salazar y Voxmediano and Catalina
+de Palacios, both of illustrious families. Her father was dead, and she
+had been educated by her uncle, Francisco de Salazar, who left her a
+legacy in his will.
+
+The fair Catalina, like other Spanish senoritas, was under the espionage
+of a strict duena, and his opportunities of seeing her were very
+limited. Sometimes we fancy him awaiting the passing of the hour of the
+siesta and knocking at the grating of the heavy door of the house of the
+Salazars, and in reply to the porter's question of _Quien es_?
+answering, in his melodious tones, _Gente de paz_ (literally, "a
+friend"),--a precaution which still continues in Spain. Meanwhile, his
+romance of "Galatea" and of his own life are both growing. The occasion
+inspires him. He is still in Esquivias, wandering through the olive
+groves and by the river side, sometimes resting, and drinking in the
+fragrance from an orange-tree while his untold wealth of brain was
+seeking for its exit. Sometimes he had Catalina for a companion, the
+duena lingering slightly behind. Sometimes he saw her at the church like
+a fair saint, kneeling; but oftener he wandered alone with his now happy
+thoughts, scarce knowing that the night was closing about him, or scarce
+heeding the watchman who cried, "All hail, Mary, mother of Jesus! half
+past twelve o'clock and a cloudy morning!" and thus, to this day, are
+the Spaniards warned of the hour and the weather. His "Galatea" remains
+unfinished. He had not meant that all this song should be for the public
+ear. The end was for his love alone!
+
+On the 12th of December, 1584, he was married to Catalina. Not many
+years ago, the marriage contract was found in the public registry of
+Esquivias. It contains an inventory of the marriage-dowry promised by
+the bride's mother, of "lands, furniture, utensils, and live-stock."
+Then follows the details, "several vineyards, amounting to twelve acres,
+beds, chairs, brooms, brushes, poultry, and sundry sacks of flour." It
+is spoken of as a very respectable dowry at a time when sacks of wheat
+were worth eight reals. Then follows, in the same document, his own
+settlement upon his wife, which is stated to be one hundred ducats. By
+the custom of the time that was one-tenth of his whole property, or to
+quote again, which "must have amounted to a thousand ducats, which at
+present would be equivalent to about four hundred and fifty pounds
+sterling." Gladly would we find some pleasant items of happy home life,
+though, for the next four years, he lived quietly at Esquivias, and
+cared for the vineyards like any landholder, till, perhaps, he tired and
+went on to Seville, where he took up some mercantile business, though
+never entirely giving up the pen; but from 1598 till 1605, there are no
+real traces of him, when it would appear that he had removed to
+Valladolid.
+
+There is little doubt but that he suffered both in purse and feeling
+from want of appreciation; but the Spanish proverb says, "An author's
+work who looks to money is the coat of a tailor who works late on the
+vespers of Easter Sunday." He had too noble a mind to harbor so mean a
+sentiment as jealousy, and was far in advance of his age. His
+countrymen, with characteristic indolence, were ready to cry, _manana,
+manana_ (to-morrow, to-morrow), and so it was left for later generations
+to honor his memory, for his power of invention and purity of
+imagination can never be rivalled. While acting as clerk in Seville to
+Antonio de Guevara, the Commissary-General to the Indian and American
+dependencies, he must have been sadly disappointed, particularly as,
+during that time, he had been unjustly thrown into prison on the plea of
+not accounting for trust-money with satisfaction. Mr. Ticknor gives the
+following interesting account: "During his residence at Seville,
+Cervantes made an ineffectual application to the king for an appointment
+in America, setting forth by the exact documents a general account of
+his adventures, services, and sufferings while a soldier in the Levant,
+and of the miseries of his life while a slave in Algiers; but no other
+than a formal answer seems to have been returned to his application, and
+the whole affair leaves us to infer the severity of that distress which
+could induce him to seek relief in exile to a colony of which he has
+elsewhere spoken as the great resort for rogues." The appointment he
+desired was either corregidor (or mayor) of the city of Paz or the
+auditorship of New Grenada, the governorship of the province of
+Socunusco or that of the galleys of Carthagena. His removal to
+Valladolid seems to have been by command of the revenue authorities,
+where he still collected taxes for public and private persons. While
+collecting for the prior of the order of St. John, he was again
+ill-treated and thrown into prison.
+
+Not till he was fifty-eight years old did he give to the world his
+master-piece, and thus immortalizes La Mancha, in return for his
+inhospitable and cruel treatment. "Don Quixote" was licensed at
+Valladolid in 1604, and printed at Madrid in 1605. Its success was so
+great that, during his lifetime, thirty thousand volumes were printed,
+which in that day was little short of marvellous. Four editions were
+published the first year, two at Madrid, one at Valencia, and one at
+Lisbon. Byron says: "Cervantes laugh'd Spain's chivalry away!" So
+popular was it, that a spurious second part, under the fictitious
+authorship of Avellanada was published. Cervantes was furious, and
+called him a blockhead; but Germond de Lavigue, the distinguished
+Spanish scholar, rashly asserts that but for this Avellanada, he would
+never have finished "Don Quixote." Even before it was printed, jealousy
+evidently existed in the hearts of rival writers, for in one of Lope's
+letters he refers to it, and spitefully hints that no poet could be
+found to write commendatory verses on it.
+
+He recognized the fact of universal selfishness when he makes Sancho
+Panza refuse to learn the Don's love-letter and say, "Write it, your
+worship, for it's sheer nonsense to trust anything to my memory."
+
+Spain is so full of rich material for romance that from it his mature
+mind seemed to inaugurate a new age in Spanish literature. After the
+gloomy intolerance of Philip II., the advent of Philip III. added much
+to the literary freedom of Spain, which still belonged to the "Age of
+Chivalry," and to this day the true Spaniard nourishes the lofty and
+romantic qualities which, combined with a tone of sentiment and gravity
+and nobility of conversation, embellishes the legitimate grandee.
+Sismondi de Sismondi says the style of "Don Quixote" is inimitable.
+Montesquieu says: "It is written to prove all others useless." To some
+it is an allegory, to some a tragedy, to some a parable, and to others a
+satire. As a satirist we think him unrivalled, and this spirit found a
+choice opportunity for vent when the troops of Don Carlos I. marched
+upon Rome, taking Pope Clement VII. prisoner, while at the same time the
+king was having prayers said in the churches of Madrid for the
+deliverance of the Pope, on the plea that "he was obliged to make war
+against the _temporal_ sovereign of Rome, but not upon the spiritual
+head of the Church!" No wonder the king, after proving himself so good a
+Catholic, should end his days in a monastery, or that he should mortify
+himself by lying in a coffin, wrapped in a shroud, while funeral
+services were performed over him. What, again, could have appealed more
+to his sense of the ridiculous than the contest between the priests and
+the authorities over the funeral obsequies of Philip II., so intolerant
+a tyrant that he caused every Spaniard to breathe more freely as he
+ceased so to do. He used his people as
+
+  "Broken tools, that tyrants cast away
+   By myriads, when they dare to pave their way
+   With human hearts."
+
+
+We can easily believe in the greater freedom during the reign of Philip
+III. "Viva el Rey."
+
+The Count de Lemos was his near friend and protector when he brought out
+the second part of "Don Quixote," and ridiculed his rival imitator. He
+was a pioneer of so elevated a character as to preclude the possibility
+of followers. Every one is familiar with it as a story, and the mishaps
+of the gentle, noble-minded, kind-hearted old Don, as well as the
+delusions, simplicity, and selfishness of the devoted squire, will never
+lose their power to amuse. It may be extravagant, but it is not a
+burlesque. The strong character painting, the ideas, situations, and
+language, clothed in such simplicity that at times it becomes almost
+solemn, give it a grandeur that no other book, considered as a romance,
+possesses. The old anecdote of the king observing a student walking by
+the river side and bursting into involuntary fits of laughter over a
+book, exclaiming, "The man is either mad or reading 'Don Quixote,'" is
+well preserved. One peculiar feature of the book is that, even now, for
+some places, it would be a useful guide, many of the habits and customs
+of Spain three hundred years ago being still the same. What a volume of
+wit and wisdom is contained in the proverbs and aphorisms. One might
+quote from it indefinitely had he not told us that "without discretion
+there is no wit." His own motive in writing it we find in the last
+paragraph of the book, namely, "My sole object has been to expose to the
+contempt they deserved the extravagant and silly tricks of chivalry,
+which this my true and genuine 'Don Quixote' has nearly accomplished,
+their worldly credit being now actually tottering, and will doubtless
+soon sink, never to rise again."
+
+Now, all languages have it. There are eight translations into English
+alone; but it is always impossible for the translator to render its true
+spirit or to give it full justice. With all its vivacity and drollery,
+its delicate satire and keen ridicule, it has a mournful tinge of
+melancholy running through, and here and there peeping out, only to have
+been gathered from such experience as his. He wrote with neither
+bitterness nor a diseased imagination, always realizing what is due to
+himself and with a full appreciation of and desire for fame. Many scenes
+of real suffering appear under a dramatic guise, and here and there
+creep out bits of personal history. His nature was chivalrous in the
+highest degree. His sorrows were greater than his joys. Born for the
+library, he prefers the camp, and abandons literature to fight the
+Turks. Does he not make the Don say, "Let none presume to tell me the
+pen is preferable to the sword." Again he says: "Allowing that the end
+of war is peace, and that in this it exceeds the end of learning, let us
+weigh the bodily labors the scholar undergoes against those the warrior
+suffers, and then see which are the greatest." Then he enumerates:
+"First, poverty; and having said he endures poverty, methinks nothing
+more need be urged to express his misery, for he that is poor enjoys no
+happiness, but labors under this poverty in all its guises, at one time
+in hunger, at another in cold, another in nakedness, and sometimes in
+all of them together." Later on he makes him say: "It gives me some
+concern to think that powder and lead may suddenly cut short my career
+of glory."
+
+The world can only be grateful that "his career of glory" did not end in
+the military advancement he had the right to expect. Had he been a
+general, his Rozinante might still have been wandering without a name,
+and Sancho Panza have died a common laborer. Again he says: "Would to
+God I could find a place to serve as a private tomb for this wearisome
+burden of life which I bear so much against my inclination." Surviving
+almost unheard-of grievances only to emerge from them with greater
+power; depicting in his works true outlines of his own adventures,
+sometimes by a proverb, often by a romance, he never loses one jot of
+his pride, giving golden advice to Sancho when a governor, and finishing
+with the expression, "So may'st thou escape the PITY of the world." In
+May, 1605, he was called upon as a witness in a case of a man who was
+mortally wounded and dragged at night into his apartment, which almost
+accidentally gives us his household, consisting of his wife; his natural
+daughter Isabel, twenty years of age, unmarried; his sister, a widow,
+above fifty years; her unmarried daughter, aged twenty-eight; his
+half-sister, a religieuse; and a maid-servant. His "Espanola Inglesa"
+appeared in 1611. His moral tales, the pioneers in Spanish literature,
+are a combination without special plan of serious and comic, romance and
+anecdote, evidently giving, under the guise of fiction, poetically
+colored bits of his own experience in Italy and Africa. In his story of
+"La Gitanilla" (the gipsy girl) may be found the argument of Weber's
+opera of "Preciosa." "Parnassus" was written two years before his death,
+after which he wrote eight comedies and a sequel to his twelve moral
+tales. In his story of "Rinconete y Cortadilla" he evidently derives the
+names from _rincon_ (a corner) and _cortar_ (to cut). His last work was
+"Persiles and Sigismunda," the preface of which is a near presentiment
+of his closing labors. He says: "Farewell, gayety; farewell, humor;
+farewell, my pleasant friends. I must now die, and I desire nothing
+more than to soon see you again happy in another world." His industry
+was wonderful. We can but have a grateful feeling towards the Count de
+Lemos for adding to his physical comfort for the last few years, and
+feel a regret that the Count, who had lingered in Naples, could not have
+arrived in time to see him once more when he so ardently desired it. In
+a dedication to the Count of his final romance, written only four days
+before his death, he very touchingly says: "I could have wished not to
+have been obliged to make so close a personal application of the old
+verses commencing 'With the foot already in the stirrup,' for with very
+little alteration I may truly say that with my foot in the stirrup,
+feeling this moment the pains of dissolution, I address this letter to
+you. Yesterday I received extreme unction. To-day I have resumed my pen.
+Time is short, my pains increase, my hopes diminish, yet I do wish my
+life might be prolonged till I could see you again in Spain." His wish
+was not to be gratified; the Count, unaware of the near danger of his
+friend, only returned to find himself overwhelmed with grief at his
+loss.
+
+After sixty-nine years of varied fortunes and many struggles, Miguel de
+Cervantes Saavedra breathed his last, unsoothed by the hands he had
+loved, for even this privilege seems to have been denied to him. At the
+near end of his life he had joined the kindly third order of the
+Franciscan friars, and the brethren cared for him at the last. His
+remarkable clearness of intellect never failed him, and on April 23,
+1616, the very day that Shakspeare died at Stratford, Cervantes died at
+Madrid. Unlike the great English contemporary, whose undisturbed bones
+have lain quietly under peril of his malediction, the bones of the great
+Spanish poet were irrevocably lost when the old Convent of the Trinity,
+in the Calle del Humilladero, was destroyed. Ungrateful Spain! the spot
+had never been marked with a common tombstone.
+
+The old house[2] in the Calle de Francos, where he died, was so
+dilapidated that, in 1835, it was destroyed. It was rebuilt, and a
+marble bust of Cervantes was placed over the entrance by the sculptor,
+Antonio Sola.
+
+The "Madrid Epoca," under the heading of "The Prison of Cervantes,"
+calls attention to the alarming state of decay of the house in
+Argamasilla del Alba, in the cellar of which, as an extemporized
+dungeon, tradition asserts that Cervantes was imprisoned, and where he
+penned at least a portion of his work. It was in this cellar that, a few
+years since, the Madrid publishing house of Rivadeneyra erected a press
+and printed their edition _de luxe_ of "Don Quijote." The house was,
+some years since, purchased by the late Infante Don Sebastian, with a
+view to a complete and careful restoration; but political changes and
+his death prevented a realization of his project. The "Epoca" now calls
+public attention to the state of decay of the house, with a view to an
+immediate restoration.
+
+In the Plaza de las Cortes, the city of Madrid has placed a beautiful
+bronze statue of Cervantes upon a square pedestal of granite. Upon the
+sides are bas-reliefs representing subjects taken from "Don Quijote de
+la Mancha."
+
+The present time honors his memory; and for all time he will live in the
+hearts of all true lovers of genius.
+
+REQUIESCAT IN PACE.
+
+EMMA THOMPSON.
+
+[Illustration: SANCHO PANZA.]
+
+
+
+
+WIT AND WISDOM
+
+OF
+
+DON QUIXOTE.
+
+
+Down in a village of La Mancha, the name of which I have no desire to
+recollect, there lived, not long ago, one of those gentlemen who usually
+keep a lance upon a rack, an old buckler, a lean horse, and a coursing
+grayhound. Soup, composed of somewhat more mutton than beef, the
+fragments served up cold on most nights, lentils on Fridays, collops and
+eggs on Saturdays, and a pigeon by way of addition on Sundays, consumed
+three-fourths of his income; the remainder of it supplied him with a
+cloak of fine cloth, velvet breeches, with slippers of the same for
+holidays, and a suit of the best homespun, in which he adorned himself
+on week-days. His family consisted of a housekeeper above forty, a niece
+not quite twenty, and a lad who served him both in the field and at
+home, who could saddle the horse or handle the pruning-hook. The age of
+our gentleman bordered upon fifty years: he was of a strong
+constitution, spare-bodied, of a meagre visage, a very early riser, and
+a lover of the chase. Some pretend to say that his surname was Quixada
+or Quesada, for on this point his historians differ; though, from very
+probable conjectures, we may conclude that his name was Quixana. This
+is, however, of little importance to our history; let it suffice that,
+in relating it, we do not swerve a jot from the truth.
+
+In fine, his judgment being completely obscured, he was seized with one
+of the strangest fancies that ever entered the head of any madman; this
+was, a belief that it behooved him, as well for the advancement of his
+glory as the service of his country, to become a knight-errant, and
+traverse the world, armed and mounted, in quest of adventures, and to
+practice all that had been performed by knights-errant of whom he had
+read; redressing every species of grievance, and exposing himself to
+dangers, which, being surmounted, might secure to him eternal glory and
+renown. The poor gentleman imagined himself at least crowned Emperor of
+Trebisond, by the valor of his arm; and thus wrapped in these agreeable
+delusions and borne away by the extraordinary pleasure he found in them,
+he hastened to put his designs into execution.
+
+The first thing he did was to scour up some rusty armor which had been
+his great-grandfather's, and had lain many years neglected in a corner.
+This he cleaned and adjusted as well as he could; but he found one grand
+defect,--the helmet was incomplete, having only the morion. This
+deficiency, however, he ingeniously supplied by making a kind of visor
+of pasteboard, which, being fixed to the morion, gave the appearance of
+an entire helmet. It is true, indeed, that, in order to prove its
+strength, he drew his sword, and gave it two strokes, the first of which
+instantly demolished the labor of a week; but not altogether approving
+of the facility with which it was destroyed, and in order to secure
+himself against a similar misfortune, he made another visor, which,
+having fenced in the inside with small bars of iron, he felt assured of
+its strength, and, without making any more experiments, held it to be a
+most excellent helmet.
+
+In the next place he visited his steed; and although this animal had
+more blemishes than the horse of Gonela, which, "_tantum pellis et ossa
+fuit_," yet, in his eyes, neither the Bucephalus of Alexander nor the
+Cid's Babieca, could be compared with him. Four days was he deliberating
+upon what name he should give him; for, as he said to himself, it would
+be very improper that a horse so excellent, appertaining to a knight so
+famous, should be without an appropriate name; he therefore endeavored
+to find one that should express what he had been before he belonged to a
+knight-errant, and also what he now was: nothing could, indeed, be more
+reasonable than that, when the master changed his state, the horse
+should likewise change his name and assume one pompous and
+high-sounding, as became the new order he now professed. So, after
+having devised, altered, lengthened, curtailed, rejected, and again
+framed in his imagination a variety of names, he finally determined upon
+Rozinante, a name in his opinion lofty, sonorous, and full of meaning;
+importing that he had only been a rozin--a drudge horse--before his
+present condition, and that now he was before all the rozins in the
+world.
+
+Having given his horse a name so much to his satisfaction, he resolved
+to fix upon one for himself. This consideration employed him eight more
+days, when at length he determined to call himself Don Quixote; whence
+some of the historians of this most true history have concluded that his
+name was certainly Quixada, and not Quesada, as others would have it.
+Then recollecting that the valorous Amadis, not content with the simple
+appellation of Amadis, added thereto the name of his kingdom and native
+country, in order to render it famous, styling himself Amadis de Gaul;
+so he, like a good knight, also added the name of his province, and
+called himself Don Quixote de la Mancha; whereby, in his opinion, he
+fully proclaimed his lineage and country, which, at the same time, he
+honored by taking its name.
+
+His armor being now furbished, his helmet made perfect, his horse and
+himself provided with names, he found nothing wanting but a lady to be
+in love with, as he said,--
+
+"A knight-errant without a mistress was a tree without either fruit or
+leaves, and a body without a soul!"
+
+One morning before day, being one of the most sultry in the month of
+July, he armed himself cap-a-pie, mounted Rozinante, placed the helmet
+on his head, braced on his target, took his lance, and, through the
+private gate of his back yard, issued forth into the open plain, in a
+transport of joy to think he had met with no obstacles to the
+commencement of his honorable enterprise. But scarce had he found
+himself on the plain when he was assailed by a recollection so terrible
+as almost to make him abandon the undertaking; for it just then occurred
+to him that he was not yet dubbed a knight; therefore, in conformity to
+the laws of chivalry, he neither could nor ought to enter the lists
+against any of that order; and, if he had been actually dubbed he
+should, as a new knight, have worn white armor, without any device on
+his shield, until he had gained one by force of arms. These
+considerations made him irresolute whether to proceed, but frenzy
+prevailing over reason, he determined to get himself made a knight by
+the first one he should meet, like many others of whom he had read. As
+to white armor, he resolved, when he had an opportunity, to scour his
+own, so that it should be whiter than ermine. Having now composed his
+mind, he proceeded, taking whatever road his horse pleased; for therein,
+he believed, consisted the true spirit of adventure. Everything that our
+adventurer saw and conceived was, by his imagination, moulded to what he
+had read; so in his eyes the inn appeared to be a castle, with its four
+turrets, and pinnacles of shining silver, together with its drawbridge,
+deep moat, and all the appurtenances with which such castles are
+visually described. When he had advanced within a short distance of it,
+he checked Rozinante, expecting some dwarf would mount the battlements,
+to announce by sound of trumpet the arrival of a knight-errant at the
+castle; but, finding them tardy, and Rozinante impatient for the
+stable, he approached the inn-door, and there saw the two girls, who to
+him appeared to be beautiful damsels or lovely dames enjoying themselves
+before the gate of their castle.
+
+It happened that, just at this time, a swineherd collecting his hogs (I
+make no apology, for so they are called) from an adjoining stubblefield,
+blew the horn which assembles them together, and instantly Don Quixote
+was satisfied, for he imagined it was a dwarf who had given the signal
+of his arrival. With extraordinary satisfaction, therefore, he went up
+to the inn; upon which the ladies, being startled at the sight of a man
+armed in that manner, with lance and buckler, were retreating into the
+house; but Don Quixote, perceiving their alarm, raised his pasteboard
+visor, thereby partly discovering his meagre, dusty visage, and with
+gentle demeanor and placid voice, thus addressed them: "Fly not, ladies,
+nor fear any discourtesy, for it would be wholly inconsistent with the
+order of knighthood, which I profess, to offer insult to any person,
+much less to virgins of that exalted rank which your appearance
+indicates." The girls stared at him, and were endeavoring to find out
+his face, which was almost concealed by the sorry visor; but hearing
+themselves called virgins, they could not forbear laughing, and to such
+a degree that Don Quixote was displeased, and said to them: "Modesty
+well becomes beauty, and excessive laughter proceeding from slight cause
+is folly."
+
+This language, so unintelligible to the ladies, added to the uncouth
+figure of our knight, increased their laughter; consequently he grew
+more indignant, and would have proceeded further but for the timely
+appearance of the innkeeper, a very corpulent and therefore a very
+pacific man, who, upon seeing so ludicrous an object, armed, and with
+accoutrements so ill-sorted as were the bridle, lance, buckler, and
+corselet, felt disposed to join the damsels in demonstrations of mirth;
+but, in truth, apprehending some danger from a form thus strongly
+fortified, he resolved to behave with civility, and therefore said, "If,
+Sir Knight, you are seeking for a lodging, you will here find, excepting
+a bed (for there are none in this inn), everything in abundance." Don
+Quixote, perceiving the humility of the governor of the fortress,--for
+such to him appeared the innkeeper,--answered, "For me, Signor
+Castellano, anything will suffice, since arms are my ornaments, warfare
+my repose." The host thought he called him Castellano because he took
+him for a sound Castilian, whereas he was an Andalusian of the coast of
+St. Lucar, as great a thief as Cacus and not less mischievous than a
+collegian or a page; and he replied, "If so, your worship's beds must be
+hard rocks, and your sleep continual watching; and that being the case,
+you may dismount with a certainty of finding here sufficient cause for
+keeping awake the whole year, much more a single night." So saying, he
+laid hold of Don Quixote's stirrup, who alighted with much difficulty
+and pain, for he had fasted the whole of the day. He then desired the
+host to take especial care of his steed, for it was the finest creature
+ever fed; the innkeeper examined him, but thought him not so good by
+half as his master had represented him. Having led the horse to the
+stable he returned to receive the orders of his guest, whom the damsels,
+being now reconciled to him, were disarming; they had taken off the back
+and breast plates, but endeavored in vain to disengage the gorget, or
+take off the counterfeit beaver, which he had fastened with green
+ribbons in such a manner that they could not be untied, and he would
+upon no account allow them to be cut; therefore he remained all that
+night with his helmet on, the strangest and most ridiculous figure
+imaginable.
+
+While these light girls, whom he still conceived to be persons of
+quality and ladies of the castle, were disarming him, he said to them,
+with infinite grace: "Never before was knight so honored by ladies as
+Don Quixote, after his departure from his native village! damsels
+attended upon him; princesses took charge of his steed! O
+Rosinante,--for that, ladies, is the name of my horse, and Don Quixote
+de la Mancha my own; although it was not my intention to have discovered
+myself until deeds performed in your service should have proclaimed me;
+but impelled to make so just an application of that ancient romance of
+Lanzarote to my present situation, I have thus prematurely disclosed my
+name: yet the time shall come when your ladyships may command, and I
+obey; when the valor of my arm shall make manifest the desire I have to
+serve you." The girls, unaccustomed to such rhetorical flourishes, made
+no reply, but asked whether he would please to eat anything. "I shall
+willingly take some food," answered Don Quixote, "for I apprehend it
+would be of much service to me." That day happened to be Friday, and
+there was nothing in the house but some fish of that kind which in
+Castile is called Abadexo; in Andalusia, Bacallao; in some parts,
+Curadillo: and in others, Truchuela. They asked if his worship would
+like some truchuela, for they had no other fish to offer him. "If there
+be many troutlings," replied Don Quixote, "they will supply the place of
+one trout; for it is the same to me whether I receive eight single rials
+or one piece-of-eight. Moreover, these troutlings may be preferable, as
+veal is better than beef, and kid superior to goat. Be that as it may,
+let it come immediately, for the toil and weight of arms cannot be
+sustained by the body unless the interior be supplied with aliments."
+For the benefit of the cool air, they placed the table at the door of
+the inn, and the landlord produced some of his ill-soaked and
+worse-cooked bacallao, with bread as foul and black as the knight's
+armor. But it was a spectacle highly risible to see him eat; for his
+hands being engaged in holding his helmet on and raising the beaver, he
+could not feed himself, therefore one of the ladies performed that
+office for him; but to drink would have been utterly impossible had not
+the innkeeper bored a reed, and placing one end into his mouth at the
+other poured in the wine; and all this he patiently endured rather than
+cut the lacings of his helmet.
+
+
+
+
+THE PLEASANT METHOD DON QUIXOTE TOOK TO BE
+DUBBED A KNIGHT.
+
+It troubled him to reflect that he was not yet a knight, feeling
+persuaded that he could not lawfully engage in any adventure until he
+had been invested with the order of knighthood.
+
+Agitated by this idea, he abruptly finished his scanty supper, called
+the innkeeper, and, shutting himself up with him in the stable, he fell
+on his knees before him and said, "Never will I arise from this place,
+valorous knight, until your courtesy shall vouchsafe to grant a boon
+which it is my intention to request,--a boon that will redound to your
+glory and to the benefit of all mankind." The innkeeper, seeing his
+guest at his feet and hearing such language, stood confounded and stared
+at him without knowing what to do or say; he entreated him to rise, but
+in vain, until he had promised to grant the boon he requested. "I
+expected no less, signor, from your great magnificence," replied Don
+Quixote; "know, therefore, that the boon I have demanded, and which your
+liberality has conceded, is that on the morrow you will confer upon me
+the honor of knighthood. This night I will watch my arms in the chapel
+of your castle, in order that, in the morning, my earnest desire may be
+fulfilled and I may with propriety traverse the four quarters of the
+world in quest of adventures for the relief of the distressed,
+conformable to the duties of chivalry and of knights-errant, who, like
+myself, are devoted to such pursuits."
+
+The host, who, as we have said, was a shrewd fellow, and had already
+entertained some doubts respecting the wits of his guest, was now
+confirmed in his suspicions; and to make sport for the night, determined
+to follow his humor. He told him, therefore, that his desire was very
+reasonable, and that such pursuits were natural and suitable to knights
+so illustrious as he appeared to be, and as his gallant demeanor fully
+testified; that he had himself in the days of his youth followed that
+honorable profession, and travelled over various parts of the world in
+search of adventures; failing not to visit the suburbs of Malaga, the
+isles of Riaran, the compass of Seville, the market-place of Segovia,
+the olive-field of Valencia, the rondilla of Grenada, the coast of St.
+Lucar, the fountain of Cordova, the taverns of Toledo, and divers other
+parts, where he had exercised the agility of his heels and the dexterity
+of his hands; committing sundry wrongs, soliciting widows, seducing
+damsels, cheating youths,--in short, making himself known to most of the
+tribunals in Spain; and that, finally, he had retired to this castle,
+where he lived upon his revenue and that of others, entertaining therein
+all knights-errant of every quality and degree solely for the great
+affection he bore them, and that they might share their fortune with him
+in return for his good will. He further told him that in his castle
+there was no chapel wherein he could watch his armor, for it had been
+pulled down in order to be rebuilt; but that, in cases of necessity, he
+knew it might be done wherever he pleased. Therefore, he might watch it
+that night in a court of the castle, and the following morning, if it
+pleased God, the requisite ceremonies should be performed, and he should
+be dubbed so effectually that the world would not be able to produce a
+more perfect knight. He then inquired if he had any money about him. Don
+Quixote told him he had none, having never read in their histories that
+knights-errant provided themselves with money. The innkeeper assured
+him he was mistaken; for, admitting that it was not mentioned in their
+history, the authors deeming it unnecessary to specify things so
+obviously requisite as money and clean shirts, yet was it not therefore
+to be inferred that they had none; but, on the contrary, he might
+consider it as an established fact that all knights-errant, of whose
+histories so many volumes are filled, carried their purses well provided
+against accidents; that they were also supplied with shirts, and a small
+casket of ointments to heal the wounds they might receive, for in plains
+and deserts, where they fought and were wounded, no aid was near unless
+they had some sage enchanter for their friend, who could give them
+immediate assistance by conveying in cloud through the air some damsel
+or dwarf, with a phial of water possessed of such virtue that, upon
+tasting a single drop of it, they should instantly become as sound as if
+they had received no injury. But when the knights of former times were
+without such a friend, they always took care that their esquires should
+be provided with money and such necessary articles as lint and salves;
+and when they had no esquires--which very rarely happened--they carried
+these things themselves upon the crupper of their horse, in wallets so
+small as to be scarcely visible, that they might seem to be something of
+more importance; for, except in such cases, the custom of carrying
+wallets was not tolerated among knights-errant. He therefore advised,
+though, as his godson (which he was soon to be), he might command him,
+never henceforth to travel without money and the aforesaid provisions,
+and he would find them serviceable when he least expected it. Don
+Quixote promised to follow his advice with punctuality: and an order was
+now given for performing the watch of the armor in a large yard
+adjoining the inn. Don Quixote, having collected it together placed it
+on a cistern which was close to a well; then, bracing on his target and
+grasping his lance, with graceful demeanor he paced to and fro before
+the pile, beginning his parade as soon as it was dark.
+
+The innkeeper informed all who were in the inn of the frenzy of his
+guest, the watching of his armor, and of the intended knighting.
+
+The host repeated to him that there was no chapel in the castle, nor was
+it by any means necessary for what remained to be done; that the stroke
+of knighting consisted in blows on the neck and shoulders, according to
+the ceremonial of the order, which might be effectually performed in the
+middle of the field; that the duty of watching his armor he had now
+completely fulfilled, for he had watched more than four hours, though
+only two were required. All this Don Quixote believed, and said that he
+was there ready to obey him, requesting him, at the same time, to
+perform the deed as soon as possible; because, should he be assaulted
+again when he found himself knighted, he was resolved not to leave one
+person alive in the castle, excepting those whom, out of respect to him,
+and at his particular request, he might be induced to spare. The
+constable, thus warned and alarmed, immediately brought forth a book in
+which he kept his account of the straw and oats he furnished to the
+carriers, and attended by a boy, who carried an end of candle, and the
+two damsels before mentioned, went towards Don Quixote, whom he
+commanded to kneel down; he then began reading in his manual, as if it
+were some devout prayer, in the course of which he raised his hand and
+gave him a good blow on the neck, and, after that, a handsome stroke
+over the shoulders, with his own sword, still muttering between his
+teeth, as if in prayer. This being done, he commanded one of the ladies
+to gird on his sword, an office she performed with much alacrity, as
+well as discretion, no small portion of which was necessary to avoid
+bursting with laughter at every part of the ceremony; but indeed the
+prowess they had seen displayed by the new knight kept their mirth
+within bounds.
+
+At girding on the sword, the good lady said: "God grant you may be a
+fortunate knight and successful in battle."
+
+Don Quixote inquired her name, that he might thenceforward know to whom
+he was indebted for the favor received, as it was his intention to
+bestow upon her some share of the honor he should acquire by the valor
+of his arm. She replied, with much humility, that her name was Tolosa,
+and that she was the daughter of a cobbler at Toledo, who lived at the
+stalls of Sanchobienaya; and that, wherever she was, she would serve and
+honor him as her lord. Don Quixote, in reply, requested her, for his
+sake, to do him the favor henceforth to add to her name the title of
+don, and call herself Donna Tolosa, which she promised to do. The other
+girl now buckled on his spur, and with her he held nearly the same
+conference as with the lady of the sword; having inquired her name, she
+told him it was Molinera, and that she was daughter to an honest miller
+of Antiquera: he then requested her likewise to assume the don, and
+style herself Donna Molinera, renewing his proffers of service and
+thanks.
+
+These never-till-then-seen ceremonies being thus speedily performed, Don
+Quixote was impatient to find himself on horseback, in quest of
+adventures. He therefore instantly saddled Rozinante, mounted him, and,
+embracing his host, made his acknowledgments for the favor he had
+conferred by knighting him, in terms so extraordinary, that it would be
+in vain to attempt to repeat them. The host, in order to get rid of him
+the sooner, replied, with no less flourish, but more brevity; and,
+without making any demand for his lodging, wished him a good journey.
+
+  The tongue slow and the eyes quick.
+
+  Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
+
+  The brave man carves out his own fortune.
+
+Very full of pain, yet soon as he was able to stir, he began to roll
+himself on the ground, and to repeat, in what they affirm was said by
+the wounded knight of the wood:--
+
+  "Where art thou, mistress of my heart,
+      Unconscious of thy lover's smart?
+   Ah me! thou know'st not my distress,
+      Or thou art false and pitiless."
+
+"I know who I am," answered Don Quixote; "and I know, too, that I am not
+only capable of being those I have mentioned, but all the twelve peers
+of France, yea, and the nine worthies, since my exploits will far exceed
+all that they have jointly or separately achieved."
+
+
+
+
+DESTRUCTION OF DON QUIXOTE'S LIBRARY.
+
+Long and heavy was the sleep of Don Quixote: meanwhile the priest having
+asked the niece for the key of the chamber containing the books, those
+authors of the mischief, which she delivered with a very good will, they
+entered, attended by the housekeeper, and found above a hundred large
+volumes well bound, besides a great number of smaller size. No sooner
+did the housekeeper see them than she ran out of the room in great
+haste, and immediately returned with a pot of holy water and a bunch of
+hyssop, saying: "Signor Licentiate, take this and sprinkle the room,
+lest some enchanter of the many that these books abound with should
+enchant us, as a punishment for our intention to banish them out of the
+world."
+
+The priest smiled at the housekeeper's simplicity, and ordered the
+barber to reach him the books one by one, that they might see what they
+treated of, as they might perhaps find some that deserved not to be
+chastised by fire.
+
+"No," said the niece, "there is no reason why any of them should be
+spared, for they have all been mischief-makers: so let them all be
+thrown out of the window into the courtyard; and having made a pile of
+them, set fire to it; or else make a bonfire of them in the back yard,
+where the smoke will offend nobody."
+
+The housekeeper said the same, so eagerly did they both thirst for the
+death of those innocents. But the priest would not consent to it without
+first reading the titles at least.
+
+The first that Master Nicholas put into his hands was "Amadis de Gaul,"
+in four parts; and the priest said: "There seems to be some mystery in
+this, for I have heard say that this was the first book of chivalry
+printed in Spain, and that all the rest had their foundation and rise
+from it; I think, therefore, as head of so pernicious a sect, we ought
+to condemn him to the fire without mercy."
+
+"Not so," said the barber; "for I have heard also that it is the best of
+all the books of this kind: therefore, as being unequalled in its way,
+it ought to be spared."
+
+"You are right," said the priest, "and for that reason its life is
+granted for the present. Let us see that other next to him."
+
+"It is," said the barber, "the 'Adventures of Esplandian,' the
+legitimate son of 'Amadis de Gaul.'"
+
+"Verily," said the priest, "the goodness of the father shall avail the
+son nothing; take him, Mistress Housekeeper; open that casement, and
+throw him into the yard, and let him make a beginning to the pile for
+the intended bonfire."
+
+The housekeeper did so with much satisfaction, and good Esplandian was
+sent flying into the yard, there to wait with patience for the fire with
+which he was threatened.
+
+"Proceed," said the priest.
+
+"The next," said the barber, "is 'Amadis of Greece;' yea, and all these
+on this side, I believe, are of the lineage of Amadis."
+
+"Then into the yard with them all!" quoth the priest; "for rather than
+not burn Queen Pintiquiniestra, and the shepherd Darinel with his
+eclogues, and the devilish perplexities of the author, I would burn the
+father who begot me, were I to meet him in the shape of a
+knight-errant."
+
+"Of the same opinion am I," said the barber.
+
+"And I too," added the niece.
+
+"Well, then," said the housekeeper, "away with them all into the yard."
+They handed them to her; and, as they were numerous, to save herself the
+trouble of the stairs, she threw them all out of the window.
+
+"What tun of an author is that?" said the priest.
+
+"This," answered the barber, "is 'Don Olivante de Laura.'"
+
+"The author of that book," said the priest, "was the same who composed
+the 'Garden of Flowers;' and in good truth I know not which of the two
+books is the truest, or rather, the least lying: I can only say that
+this goes to the yard for its arrogance and absurdity."
+
+"This that follows is 'Florismarte of Hyrcania,'" said the barber.
+
+"What! is Signor Florismarte there?" replied the priest; "now, by my
+faith, he shall soon make his appearance in the yard, notwithstanding
+his strange birth and chimerical adventures; for the harshness and
+dryness of his style will admit of no excuse. To the yard with him, and
+this other, Mistress Housekeeper.
+
+"With all my heart, dear sir," answered she, and with much joy executed
+what she was commanded.
+
+"Here is the 'Knight Platir,'" said the barber.
+
+"That," said the priest, "is an ancient book, and I find nothing in him
+deserving pardon: without more words, let him be sent after the rest;"
+which was accordingly done. They opened another book, and found it
+entitled the "Knight of the Cross." "So religious a title," quoth the
+priest, "might, one would think, atone for the ignorance of the author;
+but it is a common saying 'the devil lurks behind the cross:' so to the
+fire with him."
+
+The barber, taking down another book, said, "This is 'The Mirror of
+Chivalry.'"
+
+"Oh! I know his worship very well," quoth the priest. "I am only for
+condemning this to perpetual banishment because it contains some things
+of the famous Mateo Boyardo.
+
+"If I find him here uttering any other language than his own, I will
+show no respect; but if he speaks in his own tongue, I will put him upon
+my head."
+
+"I have him in Italian," said the barber, "but I do not understand him."
+
+"Neither is it any great matter, whether you understand him or not,"
+answered the priest; "and we would willingly have excused the good
+captain from bringing him into Spain and making him a Castilian; for he
+has deprived him of a great deal of his native value; which, indeed, is
+the misfortune of all those who undertake the translation of poetry into
+other languages; for, with all their care and skill, they can never
+bring them on a level with the original production. This book, neighbor,
+is estimable upon two accounts; the one, that it is very good of itself;
+and the other, because there is a tradition that it was written by an
+ingenious king of Portugal. All the adventures of the castle of
+Miraguarda are excellent, and contrived with much art; the dialogue
+courtly and clear; and all the characters preserved with great judgment
+and propriety. Therefore, Master Nicholas, saving your better judgment,
+let this and 'Amadis de Gaul' be exempted from the fire, and let all the
+rest perish without any further inquiry."
+
+"Not so, friend," replied the barber; "for this which I have here is the
+renowned 'Don Bellianis.'"
+
+The priest replied: "This, and the second, third, and fourth parts, want
+a little rhubarb to purge away their excess of bile; besides, we must
+remove all that relates to the castle of Fame, and other absurdities of
+greater consequence; for which let sentence of transportation be passed
+upon them, and, according as they show signs of amendment, they shall be
+treated with mercy or justice. In the mean time, neighbor, give them
+room in your house; but let them not be read."
+
+"With all my heart," quoth the barber; and without tiring himself any
+farther in turning over books of chivalry, bid the housekeeper take all
+the great ones and throw them into the yard. This was not spoken to the
+stupid or deaf, but to one who had a greater mind to be burning them
+than weaving the finest and largest web; and therefore, laying hold of
+seven or eight at once, she tossed them out at the window.
+
+But, in taking so many together, one fell at the barber's feet, who had
+a mind to see what it was, and found it to be the history of the
+renowned knight Tirante the White. "Heaven save me!" quoth the priest,
+with a loud voice, "is Tirante the White there? Give him to me,
+neighbor; for in him I shall have a treasure of delight, and a mine of
+entertainment. Here we have Don Kyrie-Eleison of Montalvan, a valorous
+knight, and his brother Thomas of Montalvan, with the knight Fonseca,
+and the combat which the valiant Tirante fought with the bull-dog, and
+the witticisms of the damsel Plazerdemivida; also the amours and
+artifices of the widow Reposada; and madam the Empress in love with her
+squire Hypolito. Verily, neighbor, in its way it is the best book in the
+world: here the knights eat and sleep, and die in their beds, and make
+their wills before their deaths; with several things which are not to be
+found in any other books of this kind. Notwithstanding this I tell you,
+the author deserved, for writing so many foolish things seriously, to be
+sent to the galleys for the whole of his life: carry it home, and read
+it, and you will find all I say of him to be true."
+
+"I will do so," answered the barber: "but what shall we do with these
+small volumes that remain?"
+
+"Those," said the priest, "are, probably, not books of chivalry, but of
+poetry." Then opening one he found it was the 'Diana' of George de
+Montemayor, and, concluding that all the others were of the same kind,
+he said, "These do not deserve to be burnt like the rest; for they
+cannot do the mischief that those of chivalry have done; they are works
+of genius and fancy, and do injury to none."
+
+"O sir," said the niece, "pray order them to be burnt with the rest; for
+should my uncle be cured of this distemper of chivalry, he may possibly,
+by reading such books, take it into his head to turn shepherd, and
+wander through the woods and fields, singing and playing on a pipe; and
+what would be still worse, turn poet, which, they say, is an incurable
+and contagious disease."
+
+"The damsel says true," quoth the priest, "and it will not be amiss to
+remove this stumbling-block out of our friend's way. And, since we begin
+with the 'Diana' of Montemayor, my opinion is that it should not be
+burnt, but that all that part should be expunged which treats of the
+sage Felicia, and of the enchanted fountain, and also most of the longer
+poems; leaving him, in God's name, the prose and also the honor of being
+the first in that kind of writing."
+
+"The next that appears," said the barber, "is the Diana, called the
+second, by Salmantino; and another, of the same name, whose author is
+Gil Polo."
+
+"The Salmantinian," answered the priest, "may accompany and increase the
+number of the condemned--to the yard with him: but let that of Gil Polo
+be preserved, as if it were written by Apollo himself. Proceed, friend,
+and let us despatch; for it grows late."
+
+"This," said the barber, opening another, "is the 'Ten Books of the
+Fortune of Love,' composed by Antonio de lo Frasso, a Sardinian poet."
+
+"By the holy orders I have received!" said the priest, "since Apollo was
+Apollo, the muses muses, and the poets poets, so humorous and so
+whimsical a book as this was never written; it is the best, and most
+extraordinary of the kind that ever appeared in the world; and he who
+has not read it may be assured that he has never read anything of taste:
+give it me here, neighbor, for I am better pleased at finding it than if
+I had been presented with a cassock of Florence satin." He laid it
+aside, with great satisfaction, and the barber proceeded, saying:--
+
+"These which follow are the 'Shepherd of Iberia,' the 'Nymphs of
+Enares,' and the 'Cure of Jealousy.'"
+
+"Then you have only to deliver them up to the secular arm of the
+housekeeper," said the priest, "and ask me not why, for in that case we
+should never have done."
+
+"The next is the 'Shepherd of Filida.'"
+
+"He is no shepherd," said the priest, "but an ingenious courtier; let
+him be preserved, and laid up as a precious jewel."
+
+"This bulky volume here," said the barber, "is entitled the 'Treasure of
+Divers Poems.'"
+
+"Had they been fewer," replied the priest, "they would have been more
+esteemed: it is necessary that this book should be weeded and cleared of
+some low things interspersed amongst its sublimities: let it be
+preserved, both because the author is my friend, and out of respect to
+other more heroic and exalted productions of his pen."
+
+"This," pursued the barber, "is 'El Cancionero' of Lopez Maldonado."
+
+"The author of that book," replied the priest, "is also a great friend
+of mine: his verses, when sung by himself, excite much admiration;
+indeed such is the sweetness of his voice in singing them, that they are
+perfectly enchanting. He is a little too prolix in his eclogues; but
+there can never be too much of what is really good: let it be preserved
+with the select. But what book is that next to it?"
+
+"The 'Galatea' of Miguel de Cervantes," said the barber.
+
+"That Cervantes has been an intimate friend of mine these many years,
+and I know that he is more versed in misfortunes than in poetry. There
+is a good vein of invention in his book, which proposes something,
+though nothing is concluded. We must wait for the second part, which he
+has promised: perhaps, on his amendment, he may obtain that entire
+pardon which is now denied him; in the mean time, neighbor, keep him a
+recluse in your chamber."
+
+"With all my heart," answered the barber. "Now, here come three
+together: the 'Araucana' of Don Alonzo de Ercilla, the 'Austriada' of
+Juan Rufo, a magistrate of Cordova, and the 'Monserrato' of Christoval
+de Virves, a poet of Valencia."
+
+"These three books," said the priest, "are the best that are written in
+heroic verse in the Castilian tongue, and may stand in competition with
+the most renowned works of Italy. Let them be preserved as the best
+productions of the Spanish Muse."
+
+The priest grew tired of looking over so many books, and therefore,
+without examination, proposed that all the rest should be burnt; but
+the barber, having already opened one called the "Tears of Angelica," "I
+should have shed tears myself," said the priest, on hearing the name,
+"had I ordered that book to be burnt; for its author was one of the most
+celebrated poets, not only of Spain, but of the whole world: his
+translations from Ovid are admirable."
+
+The same night the housekeeper set fire to and burnt all the books that
+were in the yard and in the house. Some must have perished that deserved
+to be treasured up in perpetual archives, but their destiny or the
+indolence of the scrutineer forbade it; and in them was fulfilled the
+saying, that--
+
+  "The just sometimes suffer for the unjust."
+
+In the mean time Don Quixote tampered with a laborer, a neighbor of his,
+and an honest man (if such an epithet can be given to one that is poor),
+but shallow brained; in short, he said so much, used so many arguments,
+and made so many promises, that the poor fellow resolved to sally out
+with him and serve him in the capacity of a squire. Among other things,
+Don Quixote told him that he ought to be very glad to accompany him, for
+such an adventure might some time or the other occur, that by one stroke
+an island might be won, where he might leave him governor. With this and
+other promises, Sancho Panza (for that was the laborer's name) left his
+wife and children and engaged himself as squire to his neighbor.
+
+Sancho Panza proceeded upon his ass, like a patriarch, with his wallet
+and leathern bottle, and with a vehement desire to find himself
+governor of the island, which his master had promised him. Don Quixote
+happened to take the same route as on his first expedition, over the
+plain of Montiel, which he passed with less inconvenience than before,
+for it was early in the morning, and the rays of the sun, darting on
+them horizontally, did not annoy them. Sancho Panza now said to his
+master: "I beseech your worship, good sir knight-errant, not to forget
+your promise concerning that same island; for I shall know how to govern
+it, be it ever so large."
+
+To which Don Quixote answered: "Thou must know, friend Sancho Panza,
+that it was a custom much in use among the knights-errant of old to make
+their squires governors of the islands or kingdoms they conquered, and I
+am determined that so laudable a custom, shall not be lost through my
+neglect; on the contrary, I resolve to outdo them in it: for they
+sometimes, and perhaps most times, waited till their squires were grown
+old; and when they were worn out in their service, and had endured many
+bad days and worse nights, they conferred on them some title, such as
+count, or at least marquis, of some valley or province of more or less
+account; but if you live, and I live, before six days have passed I may
+probably win such a kingdom as may have others depending on it, just fit
+for thee to be crowned king of one of them. And do not think this any
+extraordinary matter, for things fall out to knights by such unforeseen
+and unexpected ways, that I may easily give thee more than I promise."
+
+"So then," answered Sancho Panza, "if I were a king by some of those
+miracles your worship mentions, Joan Gutierrez, my duck, would come to
+be a queen, and my children infantas!"
+
+"Who doubts it?" answered Don Quixote.
+
+"I doubt it," replied Sancho Panza, "for I am verily persuaded that, if
+God were to rain down kingdoms upon the earth, none of them would sit
+well upon the head of Mary Gutierrez; for you must know, sir, she is not
+worth two farthings for a queen. The title of countess would sit better
+upon her, with the help of Heaven and good friends."
+
+"Recommend her to God, Sancho," answered Don Quixote, "and he will do
+what is best for her, but do thou have a care not to debase thy mind so
+low as to content thyself with being less than a viceroy."
+
+"Heaven grant us good success, and that we may speedily get this island
+which costs me so dear. No matter then how soon I die."
+
+"I have already told thee, Sancho, to give thyself no concern upon that
+account; for, if an island cannot be had, there is the kingdom of
+Denmark or that of Sobradisa, which will fit thee like a ring to the
+finger. Besides, as they are upon _terra firma_, thou shouldst prefer
+them. But let us leave this to its own time, and see if thou hast
+anything for us to eat in thy wallet. We will then go in quest of some
+castle, where we may lodge this night and make the balsam that I told
+thee of, for I declare that my ear pains me exceedingly."
+
+"I have here an onion and a piece of cheese, and I know not how many
+crusts of bread," said Sancho, "but they are not eatables fit for so
+valiant a knight as your worship."
+
+"How little dost thou understand of this matter!" answered Don Quixote.
+"I tell thee, Sancho, that it is honorable in knights-errant not to eat
+once in a month; and, if they do taste food, it must be what first
+offers: and this thou wouldst have known hadst thou read as many
+histories as I have done; for, though I have perused many, I never yet
+found in them any account of knights-errant taking food, unless it were
+by chance and at certain sumptuous banquets prepared expressly for them.
+The rest of their days they lived, as it were, upon smelling. And though
+it is to be presumed they could not subsist without eating and
+satisfying all other wants,--as, in fact, they were men,--yet, since
+they passed most part of their lives in wandering through forests and
+deserts, and without a cook, their usual diet must have consisted of
+rustic viands, such as those which thou hast now offered me. Therefore,
+friend Sancho, let not that trouble thee which gives me pleasure, nor
+endeavor to make a new world, or to throw knight-errantry off its
+hinges."
+
+"Pardon me, sir," said Sancho; "for, as I can neither read nor write, as
+I told you before, I am entirely unacquainted with the rules of the
+knightly profession; but henceforward I will furnish my wallet with all
+sorts of dried fruits for your worship, who are a knight; and for
+myself, who am none, I will supply it with poultry and other things of
+more substance."
+
+  There cannot be too much of a good thing.
+
+  What is lost to-day may be won to-morrow.
+
+  A saint may sometimes suffer for a sinner.
+
+  Many go out for wool and return shorn.
+
+  Matters of war are most subject to continual change.
+
+  Every man that is aggrieved is allowed to defend himself by
+  all laws human and divine.
+
+  Truth is the mother of history, the rival of time, the
+  depository of great actions, witness of the past, example
+  and adviser of the present, and oracle of future ages.
+
+  Love, like knight-errantry, puts all things on a level.
+
+  He that humbleth himself God will exalt.[3]
+
+After Don Quixote had satisfied his hunger, he took up a handful of
+acorns, and, looking on them attentively, gave utterance to expressions
+like these:--
+
+"Happy times and happy ages were those which the ancients termed the
+Golden Age! Not because gold, so prized in this our Iron age, was to be
+obtained, in that fortunate period, without toil; but because they who
+then lived were ignorant of those two words, Mine and Thine. In that
+blessed age all things were in common; to provide their ordinary
+sustenance no other labor was necessary than to raise their hands and
+take it from the sturdy oaks, which stood liberally inviting them to
+taste their sweet and relishing fruit. The limpid fountains and running
+streams offered them, in magnificent abundance, their delicious and
+transparent waters. In the clefts of rocks, and in hollow trees, the
+industrious and provident bees formed their commonwealths, offering to
+every hand, without interest, the fertile produce of their most
+delicious toil. The stately cork-trees, impelled by their own courtesy
+alone, divested themselves of their light and expanded bark, with which
+men began to cover their houses, supported by rough poles, only as a
+defence against the inclemency of the heavens. All then was peace, all
+amity, all concord. The heavy colter of the crooked plough had not yet
+dared to force open and search into the tender bowels of our first
+mother, who, unconstrained, offered from every part of her fertile and
+spacious bosom whatever might feed, sustain, and delight those, her
+children, by whom she was then possessed."
+
+
+ANTONIO.
+
+  Yes, lovely nymph, thou art my prize;
+    I boast the conquest of thy heart,
+  Though nor the tongue, nor speaking eyes,
+    Have yet revealed the latent smart.
+
+  Thy wit and sense assure my fate,
+    In them my love's success I see;
+  Nor can he be unfortunate
+    Who dares avow his flame for thee.
+
+  Yet sometimes hast thou frowned, alas!
+    And given my hopes a cruel shock;
+  Then did thy soul seem formed of brass,
+    Thy snowy bosom of the rock.
+
+  But in the midst of thy disdain,
+    Thy sharp reproaches, cold delays,
+  Hope from behind to ease my pain,
+    The border of her robe displays.
+
+  Ah, lovely maid! in equal scale
+    Weigh well thy shepherd's truth and love,
+  Which ne'er but with his breath can fail,
+    Which neither frowns nor smiles can move.
+
+  If love, as shepherds wont to say,
+    Be gentleness and courtesy,
+  So courteous is Olalia,
+    My passion will rewarded be.
+
+  And if obsequious duty paid,
+    The grateful heart can never move,
+  Mine sure, my fair, may well persuade
+    A due return and claim thy love.
+
+  For, to seem pleasing in thy sight,
+    I dress myself with studious care,
+  And, in my best apparel dight,
+    My Sunday clothes on Monday wear.
+
+  And shepherds say I'm not to blame,
+    For cleanly dress and spruce attire
+  Preserve alive love's wanton flame
+    And gently fan the dying fire.
+
+  To please my fair, in mazy ring
+    I join the dance, and sportive play;
+  And oft beneath thy window sing,
+    When first the cock proclaims the day.
+
+  With rapture on each charm I dwell,
+    And daily spread thy beauty's fame;
+  And still my tongue thy praise shall tell,
+    Though envy swell, or malice blame.
+
+  Teresa of the Berrocal,
+    When once I praised you, said in spite,
+  Your mistress you an angel call,
+    But a mere ape is your delight.
+
+  Thanks to the bugle's artful glare,
+    And all the graces counterfeit;
+  Thanks to the false and curled hair,
+    Which wary Love himself might cheat.
+
+  I swore 'twas false, and said she lied;
+    At that her anger fiercely rose;
+  I boxed the clown that took her side,
+    And how I boxed my fairest knows.
+
+  I court thee not, Olalia,
+    To gratify a loose desire;
+  My love is chaste, without alloy
+    Of wanton wish or lustful fire.
+
+  The church hath silken cords, that tie
+    Consenting hearts in mutual bands:
+  If thou, my fair, its yoke will try,
+    Thy swain its ready captive stands.
+
+  If not, by all the saints I swear
+    On these bleak mountains still to dwell,
+  Nor ever quit my toilsome care,
+    But for the cloister and the cell.
+
+  I think I see her now, with that goodly presence, looking as
+  if she had the sun on one side of her and the moon on the
+  other; and above all, she was a notable housewife, and a
+  friend to the poor; for which I believe her soul is at this
+  very moment in heaven.
+
+  A clergyman must be over and above good, who makes all his
+  parishioners speak well of him.
+
+  Parents ought not to settle their children against their
+  will.
+
+  Though she does not fly or shun the company and conversation
+  of the shepherds, but treats them in a courteous and
+  friendly manner, yet, when any one of them ventures to
+  discover his intention, though it be as just and holy as
+  that of marriage, she casts him from her as out of a
+  stone-bow. And by this sort of behavior she does more
+  mischief in this country than if she carried the plague
+  about with her; for her affability and beauty win the hearts
+  of those who converse with her, and incline them to serve
+  and love her; but her disdain and frank dealing drive them
+  to despair; and so they know not what to say to her, and can
+  only exclaim against her, calling her cruel and ungrateful,
+  with such other titles as plainly denote her character; and,
+  were you to abide here, sir, awhile, you would hear these
+  mountains and valleys resound with the complaints of those
+  rejected wretches that yet follow her. There is a place not
+  far hence, where about two dozen of tall beeches grow, and
+  not one of them is without the name of Marcela written and
+  engraved on its smooth bark; over some of them is carved a
+  crown, as if the lover would more clearly observe that
+  Marcela deserves and wears the crown of all human beauty.
+
+  Revels, banquets, and repose, were invented for effeminate
+  courtiers; but toil, disquietude, and arms alone were
+  designed for those whom the world calls knights-errant.
+
+    For never sure was any knight
+      So served by damsel, or by dame,
+    As Lancelot, that man of might,
+      When he at first from Britain came.
+
+  The soldier who executes his captain's command is no less
+  valuable than the captain who gave the order.
+
+"I am of the same opinion," replied the traveller; "but one thing, among
+many others which appear to me to be censurable in knights-errant, is
+that, when they are prepared to engage in some great and perilous
+adventure to the manifest hazard of their lives, at the moment of attack
+they never think of commending themselves to God, as every Christian is
+bound to do at such a crisis, but rather commend themselves to their
+mistresses, and that with as much fervor and devotion as if they were
+really their God; a thing which to me savors of paganism."
+
+"Signor," answered Don Quixote, "this can by no means be otherwise; and
+the knight-errant who should act in any other manner would digress much
+from his duty; for it is a received maxim and custom in chivalry, that
+the knight-errant, who, on the point of engaging in some great feat of
+arms, has his lady before him, must turn his eyes fondly and amorously
+towards her, as if imploring her favor and protection in the hazardous
+enterprise that awaits him; and, even if nobody hear him, he must
+pronounce some words between his teeth, by which he commends himself to
+her with his whole heart; and of this we have innumerable examples in
+history. Nor is it thence to be inferred that they neglect commending
+themselves to God; for there is time and opportunity enough to do it in
+the course of the action."
+
+"Notwithstanding all that," replied the traveller, "better had it been
+if the words he spent in commending himself to his lady, in the midst of
+the career, had been employed as the duties of a Christian require;
+particularly as I imagine that all knights-errant have not ladies to
+commend themselves to, because they are not all in love."
+
+"That cannot be," answered Don Quixote: "I say there cannot be a
+knight-errant without a mistress; for it is as essential and as natural
+for them to be enamored as for the sky to have stars; and most
+certainly, no history exists in which a knight-errant is to be found
+without an amour; for, from the very circumstance of his being without,
+he would not be acknowledged as a legitimate knight, but a bastard who
+had entered the fortress of chivalry, not by the gate, but over the
+pales, like a thief and robber."
+
+"Nevertheless," said the traveller, "if I am not mistaken, I remember
+having read that Don Galaor, brother to the valorous Amadis de Gaul,
+never had a particular mistress, to whom he might commend himself;
+notwithstanding which, he was no less esteemed, and was a very valiant
+and famous knight."
+
+To which our Don Quixote answered: "Signor, one swallow does not make a
+summer." [4]
+
+"If it is essential that every knight-errant be a lover," said the
+traveller, "it may well be presumed that you are yourself one, being of
+the profession; and, if you do not pique yourself upon the same secrecy
+as Don Galaor, I earnestly entreat you, in the name of all this good
+company and in my own, to tell us the name, country, quality, and beauty
+of your mistress, who cannot but account herself happy that all the
+world should know that she is loved and served by so worthy a knight."
+
+Here Don Quixote breathed a deep sigh, and said: "I cannot positively
+affirm whether that sweet enemy of mine is pleased or not that the
+world should know I am her servant. I can only say, in answer to what
+you so very courteously inquire of me, that her name is Dulcinea; her
+country Toboso, a town of la Mancha: her quality at least that of a
+princess, since she is my queen and sovereign lady; her beauty more than
+human, since in her all the impossible and chimerical attributes of
+beauty which the poets ascribe to their mistresses are realized; for her
+hair is gold, her forehead the Elysian Fields, her eyebrows rainbows,
+her eyes suns, her cheeks roses, her lips coral, her teeth pearls, her
+neck, alabaster, her bosom marble, her hands ivory, her whiteness snow,
+and her whole person without parallel. She is of those of Toboso de la
+Mancha; a lineage which, though modern, is yet such as may give a noble
+beginning to the most illustrious families of future ages; and in this
+let no one contradict me, unless it be on the conditions that Zerbino
+fixed under the arms of Orlando, where it said:--
+
+ 'That knight alone these arms shall move,
+  Who dares Orlando's prowess prove.'"
+
+
+THE STORY OF CHRYSOSTOM.
+
+"Comrades," said he, "do you know what is passing in the village?"
+
+"How should we know?" answered one of them.
+
+"Know, then," continued the youth, "that the famous shepherd and
+scholar, Chrysostom, died this morning; and it is rumored that it was
+for love of that saucy girl Marcela, daughter of William the rich; she
+who rambles about these woods and fields in the dress of a
+shepherdess."
+
+"For Marcela, say you?" quoth one.
+
+"For her, I say," answered the goatherd; "and the best of it is, he has
+ordered in his will that they should bury him in the fields, like a
+Moor, at the foot of the rock, by the cork-tree fountain, which,
+according to report, and as they say, he himself declared was the very
+place where he first saw her. He ordered also other tilings so
+extravagant that the clergy say they must not be performed; nor is it
+fit that they should, for they seem to be heathenish. But his great
+friend Ambrosio, the student, who accompanied him, dressed also like a
+shepherd, declares that the whole of what Chrysostom enjoined shall be
+executed: and upon this the village is all in an uproar: but by what I
+can learn, they will at last do what Ambrosio and all his friends
+require; and to-morrow they come to inter him, with great solemnity, in
+the place I mentioned; and, in my opinion, it will be a sight well worth
+seeing; at least, I shall not fail to go, although I were certain of not
+returning to-morrow to the village."
+
+"We will do the same," answered the goatherds; "and let us cast lots who
+shall stay behind to look after the goats."
+
+"You say well, Pedro," quoth another; "but it will be needless to make
+use of this expedient, for I will remain for you all: and do not
+attribute this to self-denial or want of curiosity in me, but to the
+thorn which stuck into my foot the other day, and hinders me from
+walking."
+
+"We thank you, nevertheless," answered Pedro.
+
+Don Quixote requested Pedro to give him some account of the deceased man
+and the shepherdess. To which Pedro answered, "that all he knew was,
+that the deceased was a wealthy gentleman, and inhabitant of a village
+situate among these mountains, who had studied many years at Salamanca;
+at the end of which time he returned home, with the character of a very
+learned and well read person; particularly, it was said, he understood
+the science of the stars, and what the sun and moon are doing in the
+sky; for he told us punctually the clipse of the sun and moon."
+
+"Friend," quoth Don Quixote, "the obscuration of those two luminaries is
+called an _eclipse_, and not a _clipse_."
+
+But Pedro, not regarding niceties, went on with his story, saying, "He
+also foretold when the year would be plentiful or starel."
+
+"_Sterile_, you would say, friend," quoth Don Quixote.
+
+"_Sterile_, or _starel_," answered Pedro, "comes all to the same thing.
+And, as I was saying, his father and friends, who gave credit to his
+words, became very rich thereby; for they followed his advice in
+everything. This year he would say, 'Sow barley, and not wheat; in this
+you may sow vetches, and not barley; the next year there will be plenty
+of oil; the three following there will not be a drop.'"
+
+"This science they call astrology," said Don Quixote.
+
+"I know not how it is called," replied Pedro, "but I know that he knew
+all this, and more too. In short, not many months after he came from
+Salamanca, on a certain day he appeared dressed like a shepherd, with
+his crook and sheepskin jacket, having thrown aside his scholar's gown;
+and with an intimate friend of his, called Ambrosio, who had been his
+fellow-student, and who now put on likewise the apparel of a shepherd. I
+forgot to tell you how the deceased Chrysostom was a great man at making
+verses; insomuch that he made the carols for Christmas-eve and the
+religious plays for Corpus Christi, which the boys of the village
+represented; and everybody said they were most excellent. When the
+people of the village saw the two scholars so suddenly habited like
+shepherds, they were amazed, and could not get at the cause that induced
+them to make that strange alteration in their dress. About this time the
+father of Chrysostom died, and he inherited a large estate, in lands and
+goods, flocks, herds, and money, of all which the youth remained
+absolute master; and, indeed, he deserved it all, for he was a very good
+companion, a charitable man, and a friend to those that were good, and
+had a face like any blessing. Afterwards it came to be known that he
+changed his habit for no other purpose but that he might wander about
+these desert places after that shepherdess Marcela, with whom, as our
+lad told you, he was in love.
+
+"As all that I have related is certain truth, I can more readily believe
+what our companion told us concerning the cause of Chrysostom's death;
+and therefore I advise you, sir, not to fail being to-morrow at his
+funeral, which will be very well worth seeing; for Chrysostom had a
+great many friends, and it is not half a league hence to the place of
+interment appointed by himself."
+
+"I will certainly be there," said Don Quixote, "and I thank you for the
+pleasure you have given me by the recital of so entertaining a story."
+
+Morning scarcely had dawned through the balconies of the east, when five
+of the six goatherds got up and went to awake Don Quixote, whom they
+asked whether he continued in his resolution of going to see the famous
+interment of Chrysostom, for, if so, they would bear him company. Don
+Quixote, who desired nothing more, arose, and ordered Sancho to saddle
+and pannel immediately, which he did with great expedition; and with the
+same dispatch they all set out on their journey.
+
+They had not gone a quarter of a league, when upon crossing a pathway,
+they saw six shepherds advancing towards them, clad in jackets of black
+sheepskin, with garlands of cypress and bitter rosemary on their heads;
+each of them having in his hand a thick holly club. There came also with
+them two gentlemen on horseback, well equipped for travelling, who were
+attended by three lackeys on foot. When the two parties met they
+courteously saluted each other, and finding upon inquiry that all were
+proceeding to the place of burial, they continued their journey
+together.
+
+Proceeding on, they discerned through a cleft between two high mountains
+about twenty shepherds coming down, all clad in jerkins of black wool,
+and crowned with garlands, some of which were of yew, and some of
+cypress. Six of them carried a bier covered with various flowers and
+boughs. One of the goatherds said: "Those who come hither are bearing
+the corpse of Chrysostom, and at the foot of yonder mountain is the
+place where he desired to be interred." Four of them, with sharp
+pickaxes, were making the grave by the side of a sharp rock. Upon the
+bier lay a dead body, strewed with flowers, in the dress of a shepherd,
+apparently about thirty years of age; and though dead, it was evident
+that his countenance had been beautiful and his figure elegant. Several
+books and a great number of papers, some open and some folded, lay round
+him on the bier. All that were present, spectators as well as those who
+were opening the grave, kept a marvellous silence, until one said to
+another: "Observe carefully, Ambrosio, whether this be the place which
+Chrysostom mentioned since you wish to be so exact in executing his
+will."
+
+"It is here," answered Ambrosio; "for in this very place my unhappy
+friend often told me of his woe. Here it was, he told me, that he first
+beheld that mortal enemy of the human race; here it was that he declared
+to her his no less honorable than ardent passion; here it was that
+Marcela finally undeceived and treated him with such disdain that she
+put an end to the tragedy of his miserable life; and here, in memory of
+so many misfortunes, he desired to be deposited in the bowels of eternal
+oblivion."
+
+Then, addressing himself to Don Quixote and the travellers, he thus
+continued: "This body, sirs, which you are regarding with compassionate
+eyes, was the receptacle of a soul upon which Heaven had bestowed an
+infinite portion of its treasures; this is the body of Chrysostom, who
+was a man of rare genius, matchless courtesy, and unbounded kindness; he
+was a phoenix in friendship, magnificent without ostentation, grave
+without arrogance, cheerful without meanness; in short, the first in all
+that was good, and second to none in all that was unfortunate. He loved,
+and was abhorred; he adored, and was scorned; he courted a savage; he
+solicited a statue; he pursued the wind; he called aloud to the desert;
+he was the slave of ingratitude, whose recompense was to leave him, in
+the middle of his career of life, a prey to death, inflicted by a
+certain shepherdess, whom he endeavored to render immortal in the
+memories of men; as these papers you are looking at would sufficiently
+demonstrate, had he not ordered me to commit them to the flames at the
+same time that his body was deposited in the earth."
+
+"You would then be more rigorous and cruel to them," said Vivaldo, "than
+their master himself.
+
+"It is neither just nor wise to fulfil the will of him who commands what
+is utterly unreasonable.
+
+"Augustus Caesar deemed it wrong to consent to the execution of what the
+divine Mantuan commanded in his will; therefore, Signor Ambrosio,
+although you commit your friend's body to the earth, do not commit his
+writings also to oblivion; and if he has ordained like a man aggrieved,
+do not you fulfil like one without discretion, but rather preserve those
+papers, in order that the cruelty of Marcela may be still remembered,
+and serve for an example to those who shall live in times to come, that
+they may avoid falling down the like precipices; for I am acquainted, as
+well as my companions here, with the story of this your enamored and
+despairing friend; we know also your friendship, and the occasion of
+his death, and what he ordered on his deathbed; from which lamentable
+history we may conclude how great has been the cruelty of Marcela, the
+love of Chrysostom, and the sincerity of your friendship; and also learn
+the end of those who run headlong in the path that delirious passion
+presents to their view. Last night we heard of Chrysostom's death, and
+that he was to be interred in this place; led, therefore, by curiosity
+and compassion, we turned out of our way, and determined to behold with
+our eyes what had interested us so much in the recital; and, in return
+for our pity, and our desire to give aid, had it been possible, we
+beseech you, oh wise Ambrosio--at least I request it on my own
+behalf--that you will not burn the papers, but allow me to take some of
+them."
+
+Then, without waiting for the shepherd's reply, he stretched out his
+hand and took some of those that were nearest to him: upon which
+Ambrosio said: "Out of civility, signor, I will consent to your keeping
+those you have taken; but if you expect that I shall forbear burning
+those that remain, you are deceived."
+
+Vivaldo, desirous of seeing what the papers contained, immediately
+opened one of them, and found that it was entitled, "The Song of
+Despair." Ambrosio, hearing it, said: "This is the last thing which the
+unhappy man wrote; and that all present may conceive, signor, to what a
+state of misery he was reduced, read it aloud; for you will have time
+enough while they are digging the grave."
+
+"That I will do with all my heart," said Vivaldo; and, as all the
+bystanders had the same desire, they assembled around him, and he read
+in an audible voice as follows:--
+
+CHRYSOSTOM'S SONG.
+
+  I.
+
+  Since, cruel maid, you force me to proclaim
+  From clime to clime, the triumph of your scorn,
+  Let hell itself inspire my tortured breast
+  With mournful numbers, and untune my voice;
+  Whilst the sad pieces of my broken heart
+  Mix with the doleful accents of my tongue,
+  At once to tell my griefs and thy exploits,
+  Hear, then, and listen with attentive ear--
+  Not to harmonious sounds, but echoing groans,
+  Fetched from the bottom of my laboring breast,
+  To ease, in spite of thee, my raging smart.
+
+  II.
+
+  The lion's roar, the howl of midnight wolves,
+  The scaly serpent's hiss, the raven's croak,
+  The burst of fighting winds that vex the main,
+  The widowed owl and turtle's plaintive moan,
+  With all the din of hell's infernal crew,
+  From my grieved soul forth issue in one sound--
+  Leaving my senses all confused and lost.
+  For ah! no common language can express
+  The cruel pains that torture my sad heart.
+
+  III.
+
+  Yet let not Echo bear the mournful sounds
+  To where old Tagus rolls his yellow sands,
+  Or Betis, crowned with olives, pours his flood,
+  But here, 'midst rocks and precipices deep,
+  Or to obscure and silent vales removed,
+  On shores by human footsteps never trod,
+  Where the gay sun ne'er lifts his radiant orb,
+  Or with the envenomed face of savage beasts
+  That range the howling wilderness for food,
+  Will I proclaim the story of my woes--
+  Poor privilege of grief!--while echoes hoarse
+  Catch the sad tale, and spread it round the world.
+
+  IV.
+
+  Disdain gives death; suspicions, true or false,
+  O'erturn the impatient mind: with surer stroke
+  Fell jealousy destroys; the pangs of absence
+  No lover can support; nor firmest hope
+  Can dissipate the dread of cold neglect;
+  Yet I, strange fate! though jealous, though disdained,
+  Absent, and sure of cold neglect, still live.
+  And amidst the various torments I endure,
+  No ray of hope e'er darted on my soul,
+  Nor would I hope; rather in deep despair
+  Will I sit down, and, brooding o'er my griefs,
+  Vow everlasting absence from her sight.
+
+  V.
+
+  Can hope and fear at once the soul possess,
+  Or hope subsist with surer cause of fear?
+  Shall I, to shut out frightful jealousy,
+  Close my sad eyes, when every pang I feel
+  Presents the hideous phantom to my view?
+  What wretch so credulous but must embrace
+  Distrust with open arms, when he beholds
+  Disdain avowed, suspicions realized,
+  And truth itself converted to a lie?
+  Oh, cruel tyrant of the realm of love,
+  Fierce Jealousy, arm with a sword this hand,
+  Or thou, Disdain, a twisted cord bestow!
+
+  VI.
+
+  Let me not blame my fate; but, dying, think
+  The man most blest who loves, the soul most free
+  That love has most enthralled. Still to my thoughts
+  Let fancy paint the tyrant of my heart
+  Beauteous in mind as face, and in myself
+  Still let me find the source of her disdain,
+  Content to suffer, since imperial Love
+  By lover's woes maintains his sovereign state.
+  With this persuasion, and the fatal noose,
+  I hasten to the doom her scorn demands,
+  And, dying, offer up my breathless corse,
+  Uncrowned with garlands, to the whistling winds.
+
+  VII.
+
+  Oh thou, whose unrelenting rigor's force
+  First drove me to despair, and now to death;
+  When the sad tale of my untimely fall
+  Shall reach thy ear, though it deserve a sigh,
+  Veil not the heaven of those bright eyes in grief,
+  Nor drop one pitying tear, to tell the world
+  At length my death has triumphed o'er thy scorn:
+  But dress thy face in smiles, and celebrate
+  With laughter and each circumstance of joy
+  The festival of my disastrous end.
+  Ah! need I bid thee smile? too well I know
+  My death's thy utmost glory and thy pride.
+
+  VIII.
+
+  Come, all ye phantoms of the dark abyss:
+  Bring, Tantalus, thy unextinguished thirst,
+  And Sisyphus, thy still returning stone;
+  Come, Tityus, with the vulture at thy heart;
+  And thou, Ixion, bring thy giddy wheel;
+  Nor let the toiling sisters stay behind.
+  Pour your united griefs into this breast,
+  And in low murmurs sing sad obsequies
+  (If a despairing wretch such rites may claim)
+  O'er my cold limbs, denied a winding sheet.
+  And let the triple porter of the shades,
+  The sister Furies, and chimeras dire,
+  With notes of woe the mournful chorus join.
+  Such funeral pomp alone befits the wretch
+  By beauty sent untimely to the grave.
+
+  IX.
+
+  And thou, my song, sad child of my despair,
+  Complain no more; but since thy wretched fate
+  Improves her happier lot who gave thee birth,
+  Be all thy sorrows buried in my tomb.
+
+None of the shepherds departed until, the grave being made and the
+papers burnt, the body of Chrysostom was interred, not without many
+tears from the spectators. They closed the sepulchre with a large
+fragment of a rock until a tombstone was finished, which Ambrosio said
+it was his intention to provide, and to inscribe upon it the following
+epitaph:--
+
+CHRYSOSTOM'S EPITAPH.
+
+  The body of a wretched swain,
+  Killed by a cruel maid's disdain,
+    In this cold bed neglected lies.
+
+  He lived, fond, hapless youth! to prove
+  Th' inhuman tyranny of love,
+    Exerted in Marcela's eyes.
+
+Then they strewed abundance of flowers and boughs
+on the grave, and after expressions of condolence to his
+friend Ambrosio, they took their leave of him.
+
+  All beauty does not inspire love; some please the sight
+  without captivating the affections. If all beauties were to
+  enamour and captivate, the hearts of mankind would be in a
+  continual state of perplexity and confusion--for beautiful
+  objects being infinite, the sentiments they inspire should
+  also be infinite.
+
+  True love cannot be divided, and must be voluntary and
+  unconstrained.
+
+  The viper deserves no blame for its sting, although it be
+  mortal--because it is the gift of Nature.
+
+  Beauty in a modest woman is like fire or a sharp sword at a
+  distance; neither doth the one burn nor the other wound
+  those that come not too near them.
+
+  Honor and virtue are ornaments of the soul, without which
+  the body, though it be really beautiful, ought not to be
+  thought so.
+
+  Let him who is deceived complain.
+
+  Let him to whom faith is broken despair.
+
+  She who loves none can make none jealous, and sincerity
+  ought not to pass for disdain.
+
+  Much time is necessary to know people thoroughly.
+
+  We are sure of nothing in this life.
+
+  There is no remembrance which time does not obliterate, nor
+  pain which death does not terminate.
+
+  Fortune always leaves some door open in misfortune.
+
+  Sometimes we look for one thing and find another.
+
+  Self-praise depreciates.
+
+  The cat to the rat--the rat to the rope--the rope to the
+  gallows.
+
+  Out of the frying-pan into the fire.
+
+  One man is no more than another, only inasmuch as he does
+  more than another.
+
+  The lance never blunted the pen, nor the pen the lance.
+
+  A mouth without teeth is like a mill without a stone.
+
+  The dead to the bier, and the living to good cheer.
+
+  One effect of fear is to disturb the senses, and make things
+  not to appear what they really are.
+
+
+ADVENTURE OF THE DEAD BODY.
+
+They saw, advancing towards them, on the same road, a great number of
+lights, resembling so many moving stars. Sancho stood aghast at the
+sight of them, nor was Don Quixote unmoved. The one checked his ass and
+the other his horse, and both stood looking before them with eager
+attention. They perceived that the lights were advancing towards them,
+and that as they approached nearer they appeared larger. Sancho trembled
+like quicksilver at the sight, and Don Quixote's hair bristled upon his
+head; but, somewhat recovering himself, he exclaimed: "Sancho, this must
+be a most perilous adventure, wherein it will be necessary for me to
+exert my whole might and valor."
+
+"Woe is me!" answered Sancho; "should this prove to be an adventure of
+goblins, as to me it seems to be, where shall I find ribs to endure?"
+
+"Whatsoever phantoms they may be," said Don Quixote, "I will not suffer
+them to touch a thread of thy garment: for if they sported with thee
+before, it was because I could not get over the wall; but we are now
+upon even ground, where I can brandish my sword at pleasure."
+
+"But, if they should enchant and benumb you, as they did then," quoth
+Sancho, "what matters it whether we are in the open field or not?"
+
+"Notwithstanding that," replied Don Quixote, "I beseech thee, Sancho, to
+be of good courage; for experience shall give thee sufficient proof of
+mine."
+
+"I will, if it please God," answered Sancho; and, retiring a little on
+one side of the road, and again endeavoring to discover what those
+walking lights might be, they soon after perceived a great many persons
+clothed in white.
+
+This dreadful spectacle completely annihilated the courage of Sancho,
+whose teeth began to chatter, as if seized with a quartan ague; and his
+trembling and chattering increased as more of it appeared in view; for
+now they discovered about twenty persons in white robes, all on
+horseback, with lighted torches in their hands; behind them came a
+litter covered with black, which was followed by six persons in deep
+mourning; the mules on which they were mounted being covered likewise
+with black down to their heels; for that they were mules, and not
+horses, was evident by the slowness of their pace. Those robed in white
+were muttering to themselves in a low and plaintive tone.
+
+This strange vision, at such an hour, and in a place so uninhabited
+might well strike terror into Sancho's heart, and even into that of his
+master; and so it would have done had he been any other than Don
+Quixote. As for Sancho, his whole stock of courage was now exhausted.
+But it was otherwise with his master, whose lively imagination instantly
+suggested to him that this must be truly a chivalrous adventure. He
+conceived that the litter was a bier, whereon was carried some knight
+sorely wounded, or slain, whose revenge was reserved for him alone; he,
+therefore, without delay couched his spear, seated himself firm in his
+saddle, and with grace and spirit advanced into the middle of the road
+by which the procession must pass; and, when they were near, he raised
+his voice and said: "Ho, knights, whoever ye are, halt, and give me an
+account to whom ye belong; whence ye come, whither ye are going, and
+what it is ye carry upon that bier; for in all appearance either ye have
+done some injury to others, or others to you: and it is expedient and
+necessary that I be informed of it, either to chastise ye for the evil
+ye have done, or to revenge ye of wrongs sustained."
+
+"We are in haste," answered one in the procession; "the inn is a great
+way off, and we cannot stay to give so long an account as you require."
+Then, spurring his mule, he passed forward.
+
+Don Quixote, highly resenting this answer, laid hold of his bridle and
+said: "Stand, and with more civility give me the account I demand;
+otherwise I challenge ye all to battle."
+
+The mule was timid, and started so much upon his touching the bridle,
+that, rising on her hind legs, she threw her rider over the crupper to
+the ground. A lacquey that came on foot, seeing the man in white fall,
+began to revile Don Quixote, whose choler being now raised, he couched
+his spear, and immediately attacking one of the mourners, laid him on
+the ground grievously wounded; then turning about to the rest, it was
+worth seeing with what agility he attacked and defeated them; and it
+seemed as if wings at that instant had sprung on Rozinante--so lightly
+and swiftly he moved! All the white-robed people, being timorous and
+unarmed, soon quitted the skirmish and ran over the plain with their
+lighted torches, looking like so many masqueraders on a carnival or
+festival night. The mourners were so wrapped up and muffled in their
+long robes that they could make no exertion; so that Don Quixote, with
+entire safety, assailed them all, and, sorely against their will,
+obliged them to quit the field; for they thought him no man, but the
+devil from hell broke loose upon them to seize the dead body they were
+conveying in the litter.
+
+All this Sancho beheld with admiration at his master's intrepidity, and
+said to himself: "This master of mine is certainly as valiant and
+magnanimous as he pretends to be."
+
+A burning torch lay upon the ground near the first whom the mule had
+overthrown, by the light of which Don Quixote espied him, and going up
+to him, placed the point of his spear to his throat, commanding him to
+surrender, on pain of death. To which the fallen man answered: "I am
+surrendered enough already, since I cannot stir, for one of my legs is
+broken. I beseech you, sir, if you are a Christian gentleman, do not
+kill me: you would commit a great sacrilege, for I am a licentiate and
+have taken the lesser orders."
+
+"Who the devil, then," said Don Quixote, "brought you hither, being an
+ecclesiastic?"
+
+"Who, sir?" replied the fallen man; "my evil fortune."
+
+"A worse fate now threatens you," said Don Quixote, "unless you reply
+satisfactorily to all my first questions."
+
+"Your worship shall soon be satisfied," answered the licentiate; "and
+therefore you must know, sir, that though I told you before I was a
+licentiate, I am in fact only a bachelor of arts, and my name is Alonzo
+Lopez. I am a native of Alcovendas, and came from the city of Baeza with
+eleven more ecclesiastics, the same who fled with the torches. We were
+attending the corpse in that litter to the city of Segovia. It is that
+of a gentleman who died in Baeza, where he was deposited till now, that,
+as I said before, we are carrying his bones to their place of burial in
+Segovia, where he was born."
+
+"And who killed him?" demanded Don Quixote.
+
+"God," replied the bachelor, "by means of a pestilential fever."
+
+"Then," said Don Quixote, "our Lord hath saved me the labor of revenging
+his death, in case he had been slain by any other hand. But, since he
+fell by the hand of Heaven, there is nothing expected from us but
+patience and a silent shrug; for just the same must I have done had it
+been His pleasure to pronounce the fatal sentence upon me. It is proper
+that your reverence should know that I am a knight of La Mancha, Don
+Quixote by name, and that it is my office and profession to go over the
+world righting wrongs and redressing grievances."
+
+  He that seeketh danger perisheth therein.
+
+  Fear hath many eyes.
+
+  Evil to him that evil seeks.
+
+  Everybody has not discretion to take things by the right
+  handle.
+
+  He loves thee well who makes thee weep.
+
+
+THE GRAND ADVENTURE AND RICH PRIZE OF MAMBRINO'S HELMET.
+
+About this time it began to rain a little, and Sancho proposed entering
+the fulling-mill; but Don Quixote had conceived such an abhorrence of
+them for the late jest, that he would by no means go in: turning,
+therefore, to the right hand, they struck into another road, like that
+they had travelled through the day before. Soon after, Don Quixote
+discovered a man on horseback, who had on his head something which
+glittered as if it had been of gold; and scarcely had he seen it when,
+turning to Sancho, he said, "I am of opinion, Sancho, there is no
+proverb but what is true, because they are all sentences drawn from
+experience itself, the mother of all the sciences; especially that which
+says, 'Where one door is shut another is opened.' I say this because, if
+fortune last night shut the door against what we sought, deceiving us
+with the fulling-mills, it now opens wide another, for a better and
+more certain adventure; in which, if I am deceived, the fault will be
+mine, without imputing it to my ignorance of fulling-mills, or to the
+darkness of night. This I say because, if I mistake not, there comes one
+towards us who carries on his head Mambrino's helmet, concerning which
+thou mayest remember I swore the oath."
+
+"Take care, sir, what you say, and more what you do," said Sancho; "for
+I would not wish for other fulling-mills, to finish the milling and
+mashing our senses."
+
+"The devil take thee!" replied Don Quixote: "what has a helmet to do
+with fulling-mills?"
+
+"I know not," answered Sancho; "but in faith, if I might talk as much as
+I used to do, perhaps I could give such reasons that your worship would
+see you are mistaken in what you say."
+
+"How can I be mistaken in what I say, scrupulous traitor?" said Don
+Quixote. "Tell me, seest thou not yon knight coming towards us on a
+dapple-gray steed, with a helmet of gold on his head?"
+
+"What I see and perceive," answered Sancho, "is only a man on a gray ass
+like mine, with something on his head that glitters."
+
+"Why, that is Mambrino's helmet," said Don Quixote; "retire, and leave
+me alone to deal with him, and thou shalt see how, in order to save
+time, I shall conclude this adventure without speaking a word, and the
+helmet I have so much desired remain my own."
+
+"I shall take care to get out of the way," replied Sancho; "but Heaven
+grant, I say again, it may not prove another fulling-mill adventure."
+
+"I have already told thee, Sancho, not to mention those fulling-mills,
+nor even think of them," said Don Quixote: "if thou dost--I say no more,
+but I vow to mill thy soul for thee!" Sancho held his peace, fearing
+lest his master should perform his vow, which had struck him all of a
+heap.
+
+Now the truth of the matter, concerning the helmet, the steed, and the
+knight which Don Quixote saw, was this. There were two villages in that
+neighborhood, one of them so small that it had neither shop nor barber,
+but the other adjoining to it had both; therefore the barber of the
+larger served also the less, wherein one customer now wanted to be let
+blood and another to be shaved; to perform which, the barber was now on
+his way, carrying with him his brass basin; and it so happened that
+while upon the road it began to rain, and to save his hat, which was a
+new one, he clapped the basin on his head, which being lately scoured
+was seen glittering at the distance of half a league; and he rode on a
+gray ass, as Sancho had affirmed. Thus Don Quixote took the barber for a
+knight, his ass for a dapple-gray steed, and his basin for a golden
+helmet; for whatever he saw was quickly adapted to his knightly
+extravagances: and when the poor knight drew near, without staying to
+reason the case with him, he advanced at Rozinante's best speed, and
+couched his lance, intending to run him through and through; but, when
+close upon him, without checking the fury of his career, he cried out,
+"Defend thyself, caitiff! or instantly surrender what is justly my due."
+
+The barber, so unexpectedly seeing this phantom advancing upon him, had
+no other way to avoid the thrust of the lance than to slip down from the
+ass; and no sooner had he touched the ground than, leaping up nimbler
+than a roebuck, he scampered over the plain with such speed that the
+wind could not overtake him. The basin he left on the ground; with which
+Don Quixote was satisfied, observing that the pagan had acted
+discreetly, and in imitation of the beaver, which, when closely pursued
+by the hunters, tears off with his teeth that which it knows by instinct
+to be the object of pursuit. He ordered Sancho to take up the helmet;
+who, holding it in his hand, said, "Before Heaven, the basin is a
+special one, and is well worth a piece of eight, if it is worth a
+farthing."
+
+He then gave it to his master, who immediately placed it upon his head,
+turning it round in search of the visor; but not finding it he said,
+"Doubtless the pagan for whom this famous helmet was originally forged
+must have had a prodigious head--the worst of it is that one half is
+wanting."
+
+When Sancho heard the basin called a helmet, he could not forbear
+laughing; which, however, he instantly checked on recollecting his
+master's late choler.
+
+"What dost thou laugh at, Sancho?" said Don Quixote.
+
+"I am laughing," answered he, "to think what a huge head the pagan had
+who owned that helmet, which is for all the world just like a barber's
+basin."
+
+"Knowest thou, Sancho, what I conceive to be the case? This famous
+piece, this enchanted helmet, by some strange accident must have fallen
+into the possession of one who, ignorant of its true value as a helmet
+and seeing it to be of the purest gold, hath inconsiderately melted down
+the one-half for lucre's sake, and of the other half made this, which,
+as thou sayest, doth indeed look like a barber's basin; but to me, who
+know what it really is, its transformation is of no importance, for I
+will have it so repaired in the first town where there is a smith, that
+it shall not be surpassed nor even equalled by that which the god of
+smiths himself made and forged for the god of battles. In the mean time
+I will wear it as I best can, for something is better than nothing; and
+it will be sufficient to defend me from stones."
+
+  Be brief in thy discourse, for what is prolix cannot be
+  pleasing.
+
+  Never stand begging for that which you have the power to
+  take.
+
+  There are two kinds of lineages in the world. Some there are
+  who derive their pedigree from princes and monarchs, whom
+  time has gradually reduced until they have ended in a point,
+  like a pyramid; others have had a low origin, and have risen
+  by degrees, until they have become great lords. So that the
+  difference is, that some have been what they now are not,
+  and others are now what they were not before.
+
+  A leap from a hedge is better than the prayer of a bishop.
+
+  A snatch from behind a bush is better than the prayer of
+  good men.
+
+  Customs come not all together, neither were they all
+  invented at once.
+
+  Who sings in grief procures relief.
+
+  Let every one turn himself round, and look at home, and he
+  will find enough to do.
+
+  To be grateful for benefits received is the duty of honest
+  men--one of the sins that most offendeth God is ingratitude.
+
+  Benefits conferred on base-minded people are like drops of
+  water thrown into the sea.
+
+  Retreating is not running away, nor is staying wisdom when
+  the danger overbalances the hope; and it is the part of wise
+  men to secure themselves to-day for to-morrow, and not to
+  venture all upon one throw.
+
+  The wicked are always ungrateful.
+
+  Necessity urges desperate measures.
+
+  SONNET.
+
+  Know'st thou, O love, the pangs that I sustain,
+    Or, cruel, dost thou view those pangs unmov'd?
+    Or has some hidden cause its influence proved,
+  By all this sad variety of pain?
+
+  Love is a god, then surely he must know,
+    And knowing, pity wretchedness like mine;
+  From other hands proceeds the fatal blow--
+    Is then the deed, unpitying Chloe, thine?
+
+  Ah, no! a form so exquisitely fair
+    A soul so merciless can ne'er enclose.
+    From Heaven's high will my fate resistless flows,
+  And I, submissive, must its vengeance bear.
+    Nought but a miracle my life can save,
+    And snatch its destined victim from the grave.
+
+  The devil is subtle, and lays stumbling-blocks in our way,
+  over which we fall without knowing how.
+
+  In all misfortunes the greatest consolation is a
+  sympathizing friend.
+
+  Riches are but of little avail against the ills inflicted by
+  the hand of Heaven.
+
+  He that buys and denies, his own purse belies.
+
+  Till you hedge in the sky, the starlings will fly.
+
+  If a painter would be famous in his art, he must endeavor to
+  copy after the originals of the most excellent masters; the
+  same rule is also applicable to all the other arts and
+  sciences which adorn the commonwealth; thus, whoever aspires
+  to a reputation for prudence and patience, must imitate
+  Ulysses, in whose person and toils Homer draws a lively
+  picture of those qualities; so also Virgil, in the
+  character of AEneas, delineates filial piety, courage, and
+  martial skill, being representations of not what they really
+  were, but of what they ought to be, in order to serve as
+  models of virtue to succeeding generations.
+
+  The absent feel and fear every ill.
+
+"I have heard say," quoth Sancho, "'from hell there is no retention.'"
+
+"I know not," said Don Quixote, "what retention means."
+
+"Retention," answered Sancho, "means that he who is once in hell never
+does, nor ever can, get out again. I must strip off all my armor, and
+remain as naked as I was born, if I should determine upon imitating
+Orlando, in my penance, instead of Amadis."
+
+While they were thus discoursing, they arrived at the foot of a high
+mountain, which stood separated from several others that surrounded it,
+as if it had been hewn out from them. Near its base ran a gentle stream,
+that watered a verdant and luxuriant vale, adorned with many
+wide-spreading trees, plants, and wild flowers of various hues. This was
+the spot in which the knight of the sorrowful figure chose to perform
+his penance; and, while contemplating the scene, he thus broke forth in
+a loud voice:--
+
+"This is the place, O ye heavens! which I select and appoint for
+bewailing the misfortune in which ye have involved me. This is the spot
+where my flowing tears shall increase the waters of this crystal stream,
+and my sighs, continual and deep, shall incessantly move the foliage of
+these lofty trees, in testimony and token of the pain my persecuted
+heart endures. O ye rural deities, whoever ye be, that inhabit these
+remote deserts, give ear to the complaints of an unhappy lover, whom
+long absence and some pangs of jealousy have driven to bewail himself
+among these rugged heights, and to complain of the cruelty of that
+ungrateful fair, the utmost extent and ultimate perfection of all human
+beauty! O ye wood-nymphs and dryads, who are accustomed to inhabit the
+dark recesses of the mountain groves (so may the nimble and lascivious
+satyrs, by whom ye are wooed in vain, never disturb your sweet repose),
+assist me to lament my hard fate, or at least be not weary of hearing my
+groans! O my Dulcinea del Toboso, light of my darkness, glory of my
+pain, the north-star of my travels, and overruling planet of my fortune
+(so may Heaven listen to all thy petitions), consider, I beseech thee,
+to what a condition thy absence hath reduced me, and reward me as my
+fidelity deserves! O ye solitary trees, who henceforth are to be the
+companions of my retirement, wave gently your branches, to indicate that
+my presence does not offend you! And, O thou my squire, agreeable
+companion in my prosperous and adverse fortunes, carefully imprint on
+thy memory what thou shalt see me here perform, that thou mayest recount
+and recite it to her who is the sole cause of all!"
+
+"There is no reason why you should threaten me," quoth Sancho, "for I am
+not a man to rob or murder anybody. Let every man's fate kill him, or
+God who made him. My master is doing a certain penance much to his
+liking in the midst of yon mountains."
+
+Don Quixote took out the pocket-book, and, stepping aside, began with
+much composure to write the letter; and having finished, he called
+Sancho and said he would read it to him that he might have it by heart,
+lest he might perchance lose it by the way, for everything was to be
+feared from his evil destiny. To which Sancho answered: "Write it, sir,
+two or three times in the book, and give it me, and I will take good
+care of it; but to suppose that I can carry it in my memory is a folly,
+for mine is so bad that I often forget my own name. Your worship,
+however, may read it to me. I shall be glad to hear it, for it must
+needs be very much to the purpose."
+
+"Listen, then," said Don Quixote, "this is what I have written ":--
+
+
+DON QUIXOTE'S LETTER TO DULCINEA DEL TOBOSO.
+
+HIGH AND SOVEREIGN LADY:--He who is stabbed by the point of absence, and
+pierced by the arrows of love, O sweetest Dulcinea del Toboso, greets
+thee with wishes for that health which he enjoys not himself. If thy
+beauty despise me, if thy worth favor me not, and if thy disdain still
+pursue me, although inured to suffering, I shall ill support an
+affliction which is not only severe but lasting. My good squire Sancho
+will tell thee, O ungrateful fair and most beloved foe, to what a state
+I am reduced on thy account. If it be thy pleasure to relieve me, I am
+thine; if not, do what seemeth good to thee,--for by my death I shall
+at once appease thy cruelty and my own passion.
+
+Until death thine,
+THE KNIGHT OF THE SORROWFUL FIGURE.
+
+  One should not talk of halters in the house of the hanged.
+
+
+LINES DISCOVERED ON THE BARK OF A TREE, ADDRESSED TO DULCINEA DEL
+TOBOSO.
+
+  Ye lofty trees, with spreading arms,
+    The pride and shelter of the plain;
+  Ye humble shrubs and flowery charms,
+    Which here in springing glory reign!
+  If my complaints may pity move,
+  Hear the sad story of my love!
+    While with me here you pass your hours,
+  Should you grow faded with my cares,
+    I'll bribe you with refreshing showers;
+  You shall be watered with my tears.
+    Distant, though present in idea,
+    I mourn my absent Dulcinea
+                               Del Toboso.
+
+  Love's truest slave, despairing, chose
+    This lonely wild, this desert plain,
+  This silent witness of the woes
+    Which he, though guiltless, must sustain.
+  Unknowing why these pains he bears,
+  He groans, he raves, and he despairs.
+    With lingering fires Love racks my soul:
+  In vain I grieve, in vain lament;
+    Like tortured fiends I weep, I howl,
+  And burn, yet never can repent.
+    Distant, though present in idea,
+    I mourn my absent Dulcinea
+                               Del Toboso.
+
+  While I through Honor's thorny ways,
+    In search of distant glory rove,
+  Malignant fate my toil repays
+    With endless woes and hopeless love.
+  Thus I on barren rocks despair,
+  And curse my stars, yet bless my fair.
+    Love, armed with snakes, has left his dart,
+  And now does like a fury rave;
+    And scourge and sting on every part,
+  And into madness lash his slave.
+    Distant, though present in idea,
+    I mourn my absent Dulcinea
+                               Del Toboso.
+
+  When the stars are adverse, what is human power?
+
+  Who is there in the world that can boast of having fathomed
+  and thoroughly penetrated the intricate and ever-changing
+  nature of a woman?
+
+  What causes all my grief and pain?
+    Cruel disdain.
+  What aggravates my misery?
+    Accursed jealousy.
+  How has my soul its patience lost?
+    By tedious absence crossed.
+  Alas! no balsam can be found
+  To heal the grief of such a wound.
+  When absence, jealousy, and scorn
+  Have left me hopeless and forlorn.
+
+  What in my breast this grief could move?
+    Neglected love.
+  What doth my fond desires withstand?
+    Fate's cruel hand.
+  And what confirms my misery?
+    Heaven's fixed decree.
+  Ah me! my boding fears portend,
+  This strange disease my life will end:
+  For die I must, when three such foes,
+  Heaven, fate, and love, my bliss oppose.
+
+  My peace of mind, what can restore?
+    Death's welcome hour.
+  What gains love's joys most readily?
+    Fickle inconstancy.
+  Its pains what medicine can assuage?
+    Wild frenzy's rage.
+  'Tis therefore little wisdom, sure,
+  For such a grief to seek a cure,
+  That knows no better remedy
+  Than frenzy, death, inconstancy.
+
+The hour, the season, the solitude, the voice, and the skill of the
+singer, all conspired to impress the auditors with wonder and delight,
+and they remained for some time motionless, in expectation of hearing
+more; but, finding the silence continue, they resolved to see who it was
+who had sung so agreeably, and were again detained by the same voice
+regaling their ears with this sonnet:--
+
+  Friendship, thou hast with nimble flight
+  Exulting gained the empyreal height,
+  In heaven to dwell, while here below
+  Thy semblance reigns in mimic show;
+  From thence to earth, at thy behest,
+  Descends fair peace, celestial guest!
+  Beneath whose veil of shining hue
+  Deceit oft lurks, concealed from view.
+
+  Leave, friendship! leave thy heavenly seat,
+  Or strip thy livery off the cheat.
+  If still he wears thy borrowed smiles,
+  And still unwary truth beguiles,
+  Soon must this dark terrestrial ball
+  Into its first confusion fall.
+
+  What is sudden death to a protracted life of anguish?
+
+  "O heavens! have I then at last found a place which may
+  afford a secret grave for this wretched body? Yes, if the
+  silence of this rocky desert deceive me not, here I may die
+  in peace. Ah, woe is me! Here at least I may freely pour
+  forth my lamentations to Heaven, and shall be less wretched
+  than among men, from whom I should in vain seek counsel,
+  redress, or consolation."
+
+  One evil produces another, and misfortunes never come
+  singly.
+
+  O memory, thou mortal enemy of my repose! wherefore now
+  recall to me the incomparable beauty of that adored enemy of
+  mine! Were it not better, thou cruel faculty! to represent
+  to my imagination her conduct at that period--that moved by
+  so flagrant an injury, I may strive if not to avenge it, at
+  least to end this life of pain?
+
+  For no grievance can harass or drive the afflicted to such
+  extremity, while life remains, as to make them shut their
+  ears against that counsel which is given with the most
+  humane and benevolent intention.
+
+  Music lulls the disordered thoughts, and elevates the
+  dejected spirits.
+
+  All women, let them be never so homely, are pleased to hear
+  themselves celebrated for beauty.
+
+  The eyes of love or of idleness are like those of a lynx.
+
+  One mischance invites another, and the end of one misfortune
+  is often the beginning of a worse.
+
+  Among friends we ought not to stand upon trifles.
+
+  No man can command the first emotions of his passions.
+
+  Every new fault deserves a new penance.
+
+  Where is the wonder one devil should be like another?
+
+  Gifts are good after Easter.
+
+  A sparrow in the hand is worth more than a bustard on the
+  wing.
+
+  He that will not when he may, when he would he shall have
+  nay.
+
+  Men may prove and use their friends, and not presume upon
+  their friendship in things contrary to the decrees of
+  Heaven.
+
+  A man dishonored is worse than dead.
+
+"I have heard it preached," quoth Sancho, "that God is to be loved with
+this kind of love, for Himself alone, without our being moved to it by
+hope of reward or fear of punishment; though, for my part, I am inclined
+to love and serve Him for what He is able to do for me."
+
+"The devil take thee for a bumpkin," said Don Quixote; "thou sayest ever
+and anon such apt things that one would almost think thee a scholar."
+
+"And yet, by my faith," quoth Sancho, "I cannot so much as read."
+
+  Squires and knight-errants are subject to much hunger and
+  ill-luck.
+
+  A man on whom Heaven has bestowed a beautiful wife should be
+  as cautious respecting the friends he introduces at home as
+  to her female acquaintance abroad.
+
+  If from equal parts we take equal parts, those that remain
+  are equal.
+
+  To attempt voluntarily that which must be productive of evil
+  rather than good, is madness and folly. Difficult works are
+  undertaken for the sake of Heaven, or of the world, or both:
+  the first are such as are performed by the saints while they
+  endeavor to live the life of angels in their human frames;
+  such as are performed for love of the world are encountered
+  by those who navigate the boundless ocean, traverse
+  different countries and various climates to acquire what are
+  called the goods of fortune. Those who assail hazardous
+  enterprises for the sake of both God and man are brave
+  soldiers, who no sooner perceive in the enemy's wall a
+  breach made by a single cannon-ball, than, regardless of
+  danger and full of zeal in the defence of their faith, their
+  country, and their king, they rush where death in a thousand
+  shapes awaits them. These are difficulties commonly
+  attempted, and, though perilous, are glorious and
+  profitable.
+
+
+  TEARS OF ST. PETER.
+
+  Shame, grief, remorse, in Peter's breast increase,
+    Soon as the blushing morn his crime betrays;
+  When most unseen, then most himself he sees,
+    And with due horror all his soul surveys.
+  For a great spirit needs no censuring eyes
+    To wound his soul, when conscious of a fault;
+  But, self-condemn'd, and e'en self-punished, lies,
+    And dreads no witness like upbraiding Thought.
+
+
+  Expect not, therefore, by concealment, to banish sorrow;
+  for, even though you weep not openly, tears of blood will
+  flow from your heart. So wept that simple doctor, who,
+  according to the poet, would venture to make a trial of the
+  cup which the more prudent Rinaldo wisely declined doing;
+  and although this be a poetical fiction, there is a
+  concealed moral in it worthy to be observed and followed.
+
+  There is no jewel in the world so valuable as a chaste and
+  virtuous woman. The honor of women consists in the good
+  opinion of the world; and since that of your wife is
+  eminently good, why would you have it questioned? Woman, my
+  friend, is an imperfect creature; and, instead of laying
+  stumbling-blocks in her way, we should clear the path before
+  her, that she may readily attain that virtue which is
+  essential in her. Naturalists inform us that the ermine is a
+  little creature with extremely white fur, and that when the
+  hunters are in pursuit of it, they spread with mire all the
+  passes leading to its haunts, to which they then drive it,
+  knowing that it will submit to be taken rather than defile
+  itself. The virtuous and modest woman is an ermine, and her
+  character whiter than snow; and in order to preserve it, a
+  very different method must be taken from that which is used
+  with the ermine.
+
+  The reputation of a woman may also be compared to a mirror
+  of crystal, shining and bright, but liable to be sullied by
+  every breath that comes near it. The virtuous woman must be
+  treated like a relic--adored but not handled; she should be
+  guarded and prized, like a fine flower-garden, the beauty
+  and fragrance of which the owner allows others to enjoy only
+  at a distance, and through iron rails.
+
+  The devil, when he would entrap a cautious person, assumes
+  an angel form till he carries his point, when the cloven
+  foot appears.
+
+  He who builds on impossibilities should be denied the
+  privilege of any other foundation.
+
+  Hope is ever born with love.
+
+  Castles should not be left without governors, nor armies
+  without generals.
+
+  The passion of love is to be conquered by flight alone; it
+  is vain to contend with a power which, though human,
+  requires more than human strength to subdue.
+
+
+  SONNET.
+
+  In the dead silence of the peaceful night,
+    When others' cares are hushed in soft repose,
+    The sad account of my neglected woes
+  To conscious Heaven and Chloris I recite.
+  And when the sun, with his returning light,
+    Forth from the east his radiant journey goes,
+    With accents such as sorrow only knows,
+  My griefs to tell is all my poor delight.
+  And when bright Phoebus from his starry throne
+    Sends rays direct upon the parched soil,
+  Still in the mournful tale I persevere;
+    Returning night renews my sorrow's toil;
+  And though from morn to night I weep and moan,
+  Nor Heaven nor Chloris my complainings hear.
+
+
+  Are we to take all that enamored poets sing for truth?
+
+
+  SONNET.
+
+    Believe me, nymph, I feel th' impending blow,
+    And glory in the near approach of death;
+    For when thou see'st my corse devoid of breath,
+  My constancy and truth thou sure wilt know,
+  Welcome to me Oblivion's shade obscure!
+    Welcome the loss of fortune, life, and fame!
+    But thy loved features, and thy honored name,
+  Deep graven on my heart, shall still endure.
+  And these, as sacred relics, will I keep
+    Till that sad moment when to endless night
+    My long-tormented soul shall take her flight
+  Alas for him who on the darkened deep
+    Floats idly, sport of the tempestuous tide,
+    No port to shield him, and no star to guide!
+
+
+  He who gives freely gives twice.
+
+  That which is lightly gained is little valued.
+
+  For love sometimes flies and sometimes walks--runs with one
+  person, and goes leisurely with another: some he warms, and
+  some he burns; some he wounds, and others he kills: in one
+  and the same instant he forms and accomplishes his projects.
+  He often in the morning lays siege to a fortress which in
+  the evening surrenders to him--for no force is able to
+  resist him.
+
+  Heaven always favors the honest purpose.
+
+  Rank is not essential in a wife.
+
+  True nobility consists in virtue.
+
+  It is no derogation to rank to elevate beauty adorned with
+  virtue.
+
+  Time will discover.
+
+
+"Certainly, gentlemen, if we rightly consider it, those who make
+knight-errantry their profession often meet with surprising and most
+stupendous adventures. For what mortal in the world, at this time
+entering within this castle, and seeing us sit together as we do, will
+imagine and believe us to be the same persons which in reality we are?
+Who is there that can judge that this lady by my side is the great queen
+we all know her to be, and that I am that Knight of the Sorrowful Figure
+so universally made known by fame? It is, then, no longer to be doubted
+but that this exercise and profession surpasses all others that have
+been invented by man, and is so much the more honorable as it is more
+exposed to dangers. Let none presume to tell me that the pen is
+preferable to the sword. This may be ascertained by regarding the end
+and object each of them aims at; for that intention is to be most valued
+which makes the noblest end its object. The scope and end of learning, I
+mean human learning (in this place I speak not of divinity, whose aim is
+to guide souls to Heaven, for no other can equal a design so infinite as
+that), is to give a perfection to distribute justice, bestowing upon
+every one his due, and to procure and cause good laws to be observed; an
+end really generous, great, and worthy of high commendation, but yet not
+equal to that which knight-errantry tends to, whose object and end is
+peace, which is the greatest blessing man can wish for in this life.
+And, therefore, the first good news that the world received was that
+which the angels brought in the night--the beginning of our day--when
+they sang in the air, 'Glory to God on high, peace on earth, and to men
+good-will.' And the only manner of salutation taught by our great Master
+to His friends and favorites was, that entering any house they should
+say, 'Peace be to this house.' And at other times He said to them, 'My
+peace I give to you,' 'My peace I leave to you,' 'Peace be among you.' A
+jewel and legacy worthy of such a donor, a jewel so precious that
+without it there can be no happiness either in earth or heaven. This
+peace is the true end of war; for arms and war are one and the same
+thing. Allowing, then, this truth, that the end of war is peace, and
+that in this it excels the end of learning, let us now weigh the bodily
+labors the scholar undergoes against those the warrior suffers, and then
+see which are the greatest.
+
+"These, then, I say, are the sufferings and hardships a scholar endures.
+First, poverty (not that they are all poor, but to urge the worst that
+may be in this case); and having said he endures poverty, methinks
+nothing more need be urged to express his misery; for he that is poor
+enjoys no happiness, but labors under this poverty in all its parts, at
+one time in hunger, at another in cold, another in nakedness, and
+sometimes in all of them together; yet his poverty is not so great, but
+still he eats, though it be later than the usual hour, and of the scraps
+of the rich; neither can the scholar miss of somebody's stove or
+fireside to sit by; where, though he be not thoroughly heated, yet he
+may gather warmth, and at last sleep away the night under a roof. I will
+not touch upon other less material circumstances, as the want of linen,
+and scarcity of shoes, thinness and baldness of their clothes, and their
+surfeiting when good fortune throws a feast in their way; this is the
+difficult and uncouth path they tread, often stumbling and falling, yet
+rising again and pushing on, till they attain the preferment they aim
+at; whither being arrived, we have seen many of them, who, having been
+carried by a fortunate gale through all these quick-sands, from a chair
+govern the world; their hunger being changed into satiety, their cold
+into comfortable warmth, their nakedness into magnificence of apparel,
+and the mats they used to lie upon, into stately beds of costly silks
+and softest linen, a reward due to their virtue. But yet their
+sufferings, being compared to those the soldier endures, appear much
+inferior, as I shall in the next place make out."
+
+Don Quixote, after a short pause, continued his discourse thus:--"Since,
+in speaking of the scholar, we began with his poverty and its several
+branches, let us see whether the soldier be richer. We shall find that
+poverty itself is not more poor: for he depends on his wretched pay,
+which comes late, and sometimes never; or upon what he can pillage, at
+the imminent risk of his life and conscience. Such often is his
+nakedness that his slashed buff-doublet serves him both for finery and
+shirt; and in the midst of winter, on the open plain, he has nothing to
+warm him but the breath of his mouth, which, issuing from an empty
+place, must needs be cold. But let us wait, and see whether night will
+make amends for these inconveniences: if his bed be too narrow it is his
+own fault, for he may measure out as many feet of earth as he pleases,
+and roll himself thereon at pleasure without fear of rumpling the
+sheets. Suppose the moment arrived of taking his degree--I mean,
+suppose-the day of battle come: his doctoral cap may then be of lint, to
+cover some gun-shot wound, which perhaps has gone through his temples,
+or deprived him of an arm or leg.
+
+"And even suppose that Heaven in its mercy should preserve him alive and
+unhurt, he will probably remain as poor as ever; for he must be engaged
+and victorious in many battles before he can expect high promotion; and
+such good fortune happens only by a miracle: for you will allow,
+gentlemen, that few are the number of those that have reaped the reward
+of their services, compared with those who have perished in war. The
+dead are countless; whereas those who survived to be rewarded may be
+numbered with three figures. Not so with scholars, who by their salaries
+(I will not say their perquisites) are generally handsomely provided
+for. Thus the labors of the soldier are greater, although his reward is
+less. It may be said in answer to this, that it is easier to reward two
+thousand scholars than thirty thousand soldiers: for scholars are
+rewarded by employments which must of course be given to men of their
+profession; whereas the soldier can only be rewarded by the property of
+the master whom, he serves; and this defence serves to strengthen my
+argument.
+
+"But, waiving this point, let us consider the comparative claims to
+pre-eminence: for the partisans of each can bring powerful arguments in
+support of their own cause. It is said in favor of letters that without
+them arms could not subsist; for war must have its laws, and laws come
+within the province of the learned. But it may be alleged in reply, that
+arms are necessary to the maintenance of law; by arms the public roads
+are protected, cities guarded, states defended, kingdoms preserved, and
+the seas cleared of corsairs and pirates. In short, without arms there
+would be no safety for cities, commonwealths or kingdoms. Besides, it is
+just to estimate a pursuit in proportion to the cost of its attainment.
+Now it is true that eminence in learning is purchased by time, watching,
+hunger, nakedness, vertigo, indigestion, and many other inconveniences
+already mentioned; but a man who rises gradually to be a good soldier
+endures all these, and far more. What is the hunger and poverty which
+menace the man of letters compared with the situation of the soldier,
+who, besieged in some fortress, and placed as sentinel in some ravelin
+or _cavalier_, perceives that the enemy is mining toward the place where
+he stands, and yet he must on no account stir from his post or shun the
+imminent danger that threatens him? All that he can do in such a case is
+to give notice to his officer of what passes, that he may endeavor to
+counteract it; in the meantime he must stand his ground, in momentary
+expectation of being mounted to the clouds without wings, and then
+dashed headlong to the earth. And if this be thought but a trifling
+danger, let us see whether it be equalled or exceeded by the encounter
+of two galleys, prow to prow, in the midst of the white sea, locked and
+grappled together, so that there is no more room left for the soldier
+than the two-foot plank at the break-head; and though he sees as many
+threatening ministers of death before him as there are pieces of
+artillery pointed at him from the opposite side, not the length of a
+lance from his body; though he knows that the first slip of his foot
+sends him to the bottom of the sea; yet, with an undaunted heart,
+inspired by honor, he exposes himself as a mark to all their fire, and
+endeavors by that narrow pass to force his way into the enemy's vessel!
+And, what is most worthy of admiration, no sooner is one fallen, never,
+to rise again in this world, than another takes his place; and if he
+also fall into the sea, which lies in wait to devour him, another and
+another succeeds without intermission! In all the extremities of war
+there is no example of courage and intrepidity to exceed this. Happy
+those ages which knew not the dreadful fury of artillery!--those
+instruments of hell (where, I verily believe, the inventor is now
+receiving the reward of his diabolical ingenuity), by means of which the
+cowardly and the base can deprive the bravest soldier of life. While a
+gallant spirit animated with heroic ardor is pressing to glory, comes a
+chance ball, sent by one who perhaps fled in alarm at the flash of his
+own accursed weapon, and in an instant cuts short the life of him who
+deserved to live for ages! When I consider this, I could almost repent
+having undertaken this profession of knight-errantry in so detestable an
+age; for though no danger can daunt me, still it gives me some concern
+to think that powder and lead may suddenly cut short my career of glory.
+But Heaven's will be done! I have this satisfaction, that I shall
+acquire the greater fame if I succeed, inasmuch as the perils by which I
+am beset are greater than those to which the knights-errant of past ages
+were exposed."
+
+
+  The army is a school in which the miser becomes generous,
+  and the generous prodigal.
+
+  A covetous soldier is a monster which is rarely seen.
+
+  Liberality may be carried too far in those who have children
+  to inherit from them.
+
+  How seldom promises made in slavery are remembered after a
+  release from bondage.
+
+  Good fortune seldom comes pure and single, unattended by
+  some troublesome or unexpected circumstance.
+
+  Though we love the treason we abhor the traitor.
+
+  What transport in life can equal that which a man feels on
+  the restoration of his liberty?
+
+  "The church, the court, or the sea;" as if it more fully
+  expressed the following advice,--He that would make his
+  fortune, ought either to dedicate his time to the church, go
+  to sea as a merchant, or attach himself to the court: for it
+  is commonly observed, that "the king's crumb is worth the
+  baron's batch."[5]
+
+
+  SONNET UPON THE GOLETA.
+
+  O happy souls, by death at length set free
+  From the dark prison of mortality,
+  By glorious deeds, whose memory never dies--
+  From earth's dim spot exalted to the skies!
+  What fury stood in every eye confessed!
+  What generous ardor fired each manly breast,
+  While slaughtered heaps distained the sandy shore,
+  And the tinged ocean blushed with hostile gore!
+  O'erpowered by numbers, gloriously ye fell:
+  Death only could such matchless courage quell;
+  Whilst dying thus ye triumphed o'er your foes--
+  Its fame the world, its glory heaven, bestows!
+
+
+  SONNET ON THE FORT.
+
+  From 'midst these walls, whose ruins spread around,
+  And scattered clods that heap the ensanguined ground,
+  Three thousand souls of warriors, dead in fight,
+  To better regions took their happy flight.
+  Long with unconquered souls they bravely stood,
+  And fearless shed their unavailing blood:
+  Till, to superior force compelled to yield,
+  Their lives they quitted in the well-fought field.
+  This fatal soil has ever been the tomb
+  Of slaughtered heroes, buried in its womb:
+  Yet braver bodies did it ne'er sustain,
+  Nor send more glorious soul the skies to gain.
+
+
+  I.
+
+  Tossed in a sea of doubts and fears,
+    Love's hapless mariner, I sail,
+  Where no inviting port appears,
+    To screen me from the stormy gale.
+
+  II.
+
+  At distance viewed, a cheering star
+    Conducts me through the swelling tide;
+  A brighter luminary, far,
+    Than Palinurus o'er descried.
+
+  III.
+
+  My soul, attracted by its blaze,
+    Still follows where it points the way,
+  And while attentively I gaze,
+    Considers not how far I stray.
+
+  IV.
+
+  But female pride, reserved and shy,
+    Like clouds that deepen on the day,
+  Oft shroud it from my longing eye,
+    When most I need the genial ray.
+
+  V.
+
+  O lovely star, so pure and bright!
+    Whose splendor feeds my vital fire,
+  The moment thou deny'st thy light,
+    Thy lost adorer will expire!
+
+
+  SONG.
+
+  Unconquered hope, thou bane of fear,
+    And last deserter of the brave,
+  Thou soothing ease of mortal care,
+    Thou traveller beyond the grave;
+  Thou soul of patience, airy food,
+  Bold warrant of a distant good,
+    Reviving cordial, kind decoy;
+  Though fortune frowns and friends depart,
+    Though Silvia flies me, flattering joy,
+  Nor thou, nor love, shall leave my doting heart.
+
+  No slave, to lazy ease resigned,
+    E'er triumphed over noble foes;
+  The monarch fortune most is kind
+    To him who bravely dares oppose.
+  They say, Love rates his blessing high,
+  But who would prize an easy joy?
+    My scornful fair then I'll pursue,
+  Though the coy beauty still denies;
+    I grovel now on earth, 'tis true,
+  But, raised by her, the humble slave may rise.
+
+
+  Might overcomes.
+
+  Him to whom God giveth may St. Peter bless.
+
+  Diligence is the mother of success, and in many important
+  causes experience hath shown that the assiduity of the
+  solicitor hath brought a very doubtful suit to a very
+  fortunate issue; but the truth of this maxim is nowhere more
+  evinced than in war, where activity and despatch anticipate
+  the designs of the enemy, and obtain the victory before he
+  has time to put himself in a posture of defence.
+
+  The common adage that delays are dangerous acts as spurs
+  upon the resolution.
+
+  There are more tricks in the town than are dreamt of.
+
+  Virtue is always more persecuted by the wicked than beloved
+  by the righteous.
+
+  Virtue is so powerful that of herself she will, in spite of
+  all the necromancy possessed by the first inventor,
+  Zoroaster, come off conqueror in every severe trial, and
+  shine refulgent in the world, as the sun shines in the
+  heavens.
+
+  Fables should not be composed to outrage the understanding;
+  but by making the wonderful appear possible, and creating in
+  the mind a pleasing interest, they may both surprise and
+  entertain; which cannot be effected where no regard is paid
+  to probability. I have never yet found a regular,
+  well-connected fable in any of our books of chivalry--they
+  are all inconsistent and monstrous; the style is generally
+  bad; and they abound with incredible exploits, lascivious
+  amours, absurd sentiment, and miraculous adventures; in
+  short, they should be banished every Christian country.
+
+  Just are virtue's fears where envy domineers.
+
+  Bounty will not stay where niggards bear the sway.
+
+  Fortune turns faster than a mill-wheel, and those who were
+  yesterday at top, may find themselves at bottom to-day.
+
+  Every one is the son of his own works.
+
+  The mind receives pleasure from the beauty and consistency
+  of what is presented to the imagination, not from that which
+  is incongruous and unnatural.
+
+  Fiction is always the better the nearer it resembles truth,
+  and agreeable in proportion to the probability it bears and
+  the doubtful credit which it inspires. Wherefore, all such
+  fables ought to be suited to the understanding of those who
+  read them, and written so as that, by softening
+  impossibilities, smoothing what is rough, and keeping the
+  mind in suspense, they may surprise, agreeably perplex, and
+  entertain, creating equal admiration and delight; and these
+  never can be excited by authors who forsake probability and
+  imitation, in which the perfection of writing consists.
+
+  Epics may be written in prose as well as verse.
+
+  To assert that there never was an Amadis in the world, nor
+  any other of the knights-adventurers of whom so many records
+  remain, is to say that the sun does not enlighten, the frost
+  produce cold, nor the earth yield sustenance.
+
+  The approbation of the judicious few should far outweigh
+  the censure of the ignorant.
+
+  An author had better be applauded by the few that are wise,
+  than laughed at by the many that are foolish.
+
+  Our modern plays, not only those which are formed upon
+  fiction, but likewise such as are founded on the truth of
+  history, are all, or the greatest part, universally known to
+  be monstrous productions, without either head or tail, and
+  yet received with pleasure by the multitude, who approve and
+  esteem them as excellent performances, though they are far
+  from deserving that title; and if the authors who compose,
+  and the actors who represent them, affirm that this and no
+  other method is to be practised, because the multitude must
+  be pleased; that those which bear the marks of contrivance,
+  and produce a fable digested according to the rules of art,
+  serve only for entertainment to four or five people of
+  taste, who discern the beauties of the plan, which utterly
+  escape the rest of the audience; and that it is better for
+  them to gain a comfortable livelihood by the many, than
+  starve upon reputation with the few; at this rate, said I,
+  if I should finish my book, after having scorched every hair
+  in my whiskers in poring over it, to preserve those rules
+  and precepts already mentioned, I might fare at last like
+  the sagacious botcher, who sewed for nothing and found his
+  customers in thread.
+
+  It is not a sufficient excuse to say that the object in
+  permitting theatrical exhibitions being chiefly to provide
+  innocent recreation for the people, it is unnecessary to
+  limit and restrain the dramatic author within strict rules
+  of composition; for I affirm that the same object is, beyond
+  all comparison, more effectually attained by legitimate
+  works. The spectator of a good drama is amused, admonished,
+  and improved by what is diverting, affecting, and moral in
+  the representation; he is cautioned against deceit,
+  corrected by example, incensed against vice, stimulated to
+  the love of virtue.
+
+  Comedy, according to Tully, ought to be the mirror of life,
+  the exemplar of manners, and picture of truth; whereas those
+  that are represented in this age are mirrors of absurdity,
+  exemplars of folly, and pictures of lewdness; for sure,
+  nothing can be more absurd in a dramatic performance, than
+  to see the person, who, in the first scene of the first
+  act, was produced a child in swaddling-clothes, appear a
+  full-grown man with a beard in the second; or to represent
+  an old man active and valiant, a young soldier cowardly, a
+  footman eloquent, a page a counsellor, a king a porter, and
+  a princess a scullion. Then what shall we say concerning
+  their management of the time and place in which the actions
+  have, or may be supposed to have happened? I have seen a
+  comedy, the first act of which was laid in Europe, the
+  second in Asia, and the third was finished in Africa; nay,
+  had there been a fourth, the scene would have shifted to
+  America, so that the fable would have travelled through all
+  the four divisions of the globe. If imitation be the chief
+  aim of comedy, how can any ordinary understanding be
+  satisfied with seeing an action that passed in the time of
+  King Pepin and Charlemagne, ascribed to the Emperor
+  Heraclius, who, being the principal personage, is
+  represented, like Godfrey of Boulogne, carrying the cross
+  into Jerusalem, and making himself master of the holy
+  sepulchre, an infinite number of years having passed between
+  the one and the other? Or, when a comedy is founded upon
+  fiction, to see scraps of real history introduced, and facts
+  misrepresented both with regard to persons and times, not
+  with any ingenuity of contrivance, but with the most
+  manifest and inexcusable errors and stupidity; and what is
+  worst of all, there is a set of ignorant pretenders who call
+  this the perfection of writing, and that every attempt to
+  succeed by a contrary method is no other than a wild-goose
+  chase.
+
+  The bow cannot remain always bent; and relaxation, both of
+  body and mind, is indispensable to all.
+
+  Can you deny what is in everybody's mouth, when a person is
+  in the dumps? It is always then said, "I know not what such
+  a one ails--he neither eats, nor drinks, nor sleeps, nor
+  answers to the purpose, like other men--surely he is
+  enchanted." Wherefore, it is clear that such, and such only,
+  are enchanted who neither eat, nor drink, nor sleep, and not
+  they who eat and drink when they can get it, and answer
+  properly to all that is asked them.
+
+  The poor man is unable to exercise the virtue of liberality;
+  and the gratitude which consists only in inclination is a
+  dead thing, even as faith without works is dead. I shall,
+  therefore, rejoice when fortune presents me with an
+  opportunity of exalting myself, that I may show my heart in
+  conferring benefits on my friends, especially on poor Sancho
+  Panza here, my squire, who is one of the best men in the
+  world; and I would fain bestow on him an earldom, as I have
+  long since promised; although I am somewhat in doubt of his
+  ability in the government of his estate.
+
+
+Sancho, overhearing his master's last words, said: "Take you the
+trouble, Signor Don Quixote, to procure me that same earldom, which your
+worship has so often promised, and I have been so long waiting for, and
+you shall see that I shall not want ability to govern it. But even if I
+should, there are people, I have heard say, who farm these lordships;
+and paying the owners so much a year, take upon themselves the
+government of the whole, while his lordship lolls at his ease, enjoying
+his estate, without concerning himself any further about it. Just so
+will I do, and give myself no more trouble than needs mast, but enjoy
+myself like any duke, and let the world rub."
+
+"This, brother Sancho," said the canon, "may be done, as far as regards
+the management of your revenue; but the administration of justice must
+be attended to by the lord himself, and requires capacity, judgment,
+and, above all, an upright intention, without which nothing prospers;
+for Heaven assists the good intent of the simple, and disappoints the
+evil designs of the cunning."
+
+"I do not understand these philosophies," answered Sancho; "all that I
+know is, that I wish I may as surely have the earldom as I should know
+how to govern it; for I have as large a soul as another, and as large a
+body as the best of them; and I should be as much king of my own
+dominion as any other king; would do what I pleased; and, doing what I
+pleased, I should have my will; and having my will, I should be
+contented; and, being content, there is no more to be desired; and when
+there is no more to desire, there is an end of it."
+
+"These are no bad philosophies, as you say, Sancho," quoth the canon;
+"nevertheless, there is a great deal more to be said upon the subject of
+earldoms."
+
+"That may be," observed Don Quixote; "but I am guided by the numerous
+examples offered on this subject by knights of my own profession; who,
+in compensation for the loyal and signal services they had received from
+their squires, conferred upon them extraordinary favors, making them
+absolute lords of cities and islands: indeed, there was one whose
+services were so great that he had the presumption to accept of a
+kingdom. But why should I say more, when before me is the bright example
+of the great Amadis de Gaul, who made his squire knight of the Firm
+Island? Surely I may, therefore, without scruple of conscience, make an
+earl of Sancho Panza, who is one of the best squires that ever served
+knight-errant."
+
+The mountains breed learned men, and the cottages of shepherds contain
+philosophers.
+
+Upon the news of Don Quixote's arrival, Sancho Panza's wife repaired
+thither, and on meeting him, her first inquiry was whether the ass had
+come home well.
+
+Sancho told her that he was in a better condition than his master.
+
+"The Lord be praised," replied she, "for so great a mercy to me! But
+tell me, husband, what good have you got by your squireship? Have you
+brought a petticoat home for me, and shoes for your children?"
+
+"I have brought you nothing of that sort, dear wife," quoth Sancho; "but
+I have got other things of greater consequence."
+
+"I am very glad of that," answered the wife, "pray show me your things
+of greater consequence, friend; for I would fain see them, to gladden my
+heart, which has been so sad, all the long time you have been away."
+
+"You shall see them at home, wife," quoth Sancho, "and be satisfied at
+present; for if it please God that we make another sally in quest of
+adventures, you will soon see me an earl or governor of an island, and
+no common one either, but one of the best that is to be had."
+
+"Grant Heaven it may be so, husband," quoth the wife, "for we have need
+enough of it. But pray tell me what you mean by islands; for I do not
+understand you."
+
+"Honey is not for the mouth of an ass," answered Sancho: "in good time,
+wife, you shall see, yea, and admire to hear yourself styled ladyship by
+all your vassals."
+
+"What do you mean, Sancho, by ladyship, islands, and vassals?" answered
+Teresa Panza; for that was Sancho's wife's name, though they were not of
+kin, but because it is the custom in La Mancha for the wife to take the
+husband's name.
+
+"Be not in so much haste, Teresa, to know all this," said Sancho; "let
+it suffice that I tell you the truth, and sew up your mouth. But for the
+present know that there is nothing in the world so pleasant to an honest
+man, as to be squire to a knight-errant, and seeker of adventures. It is
+true indeed, most of them are not so much to a man's mind as he could
+wish; for ninety-nine of a hundred one meets with fall out cross and
+unlucky. This I know by experience; for I have sometimes come off tossed
+in a blanket, and sometimes well cudgelled. Yet, for all that, it is a
+fine thing to be in expectation of accidents, traversing mountains,
+searching woods, marching over rocks, visiting castles, lodging in inns,
+all at discretion, and the devil a farthing to pay."
+
+Fame has preserved in the memoirs of La Mancha, that Don Quixote, the
+third time he sallied from home, went to Saragossa, where he was present
+at a famous tournament in that city, and that there befell him things
+worthy of his valor and good understanding. Nor would the chronicler
+have learned any thing concerning his death had he not fortunately
+become acquainted with an aged physician, who had in his custody a
+leaden box, found, as he said, under the ruins of an ancient hermitage
+then rebuilding: in which box was found a manuscript of parchment
+written in Gothic characters, but in Castilian verse, containing many of
+his exploits, and giving an account of the beauty of Dulcinea del
+Toboso, the figure of Rozinante, the fidelity of Sancho Panza, and the
+burial of Don Quixote himself, with several epitaphs and eulogies on his
+life and manners. All that could be read, and perfectly made out, were
+those inserted here by the faithful author of this strange and
+never-before-seen history; which author desires no other reward from
+those who shall read it, in recompense of the vast pains it has cost him
+to inquire into and search all the archives of La Mancha to bring it to
+light, but that they would afford him the same credit that ingenious
+people give to books of knight-errantry, which are so well received in
+the world; and herewith he will reckon himself well paid, and will rest
+satisfied; and will moreover be encouraged to seek and find out others,
+if not as true, at least of as much invention and entertainment. The
+first words, written in the parchment which was found in the leaden box,
+were these:--
+
+
+             THE ACADEMICIANS OF ARGAMASILLA,
+                  A TOWN OF LA MANCHA,
+           ON THE LIFE AND DEATH OF THE VALOROUS
+                DON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHA,
+                   HOC SCRIPSERUNT.
+
+
+_Monicongo, Academician of Argamasilla, on the Sepulture of
+                     Don Quixote._
+
+  EPITAPH.
+
+  La Mancha's thunderbolt of war,
+    The sharpest wit and loftiest muse,
+  The arm which from Gaeta far
+    To Catai did its force diffuse;
+  He who, through love and valor's fire,
+    Outstripped great Amadis's fame
+  Bid warlike Galaor retire,
+    And silenced Belianis' name:
+  He who, with helmet, sword, and shield,
+    On Rozinante, steed well known,
+  Adventures fought in many a field,
+    Lies underneath this frozen stone.
+
+
+_Paniaguado, Academician of Argamasilla, in praise of Dulcinea
+                       Del Toboso._
+
+  SONNET.
+
+  She whom you see the plump and lusty dame,
+    With high erected chest and vigorous mien,
+  Was erst th' enamored knight Don Quixote's flame,
+    The fair Dulcinea, of Toboso, queen.
+
+  For her, armed cap-a-pie with sword and shield,
+    He trod the sable mountain o'er and o'er;
+  For her he traversed Montiel's well-known field,
+    And in her service toils unnumbered bore.
+  Hard fate! that death should crop so fine a flower!
+  And love o'er such a knight exert his tyrant power!
+
+
+_Caprichoso, a most ingenious Academician of Argamasilla, in
+          praise of Don Quixote's Horse Rozinante._
+
+  SONNET.
+
+    On the aspiring adamantine trunk
+  Of a huge tree, whose root, with slaughter drunk
+  Sends forth a scent of war, La Mancha's knight,
+  Frantic with valor, and returned from fight,
+  His bloody standard trembling in the air,
+  Hangs up his glittering armor beaming far,
+  With that fine-tempered steel whose edge o'erthrows,
+  Hacks, hews, confounds, and routs opposing foes.
+  Unheard-of prowess! and unheard-of verse!
+  But art new strains invents, new glories to rehearse.
+
+    If Amadis to Grecia gives renown,
+  Much more her chief does fierce Bellona crown.
+  Prizing La Mancha more than Gaul or Greece,
+  As Quixote triumphs over Amadis.
+  Oblivion ne'er shall shroud his glorious name,
+  Whose very horse stands up to challenge fame!
+  Illustrious Rozinante, wondrous steed!
+  Not with more generous pride or mettled speed,
+  His rider erst Rinaldo's Bayard bore,
+  Or his mad lord, Orlando's Brilladore.
+
+
+_Burlador, the little Academician of Argamasilla, on Sancho Panza._
+
+  SONNET.
+
+  See Sancho Panza, view him well,
+  And let this verse his praises tell.
+  His body was but small, 'tis true,
+  Yet had a soul as large as two.
+  No guile he knew, like some before him
+  But simple as his mother bore him.
+  This gentle squire on gentle ass
+  Went gentle Rozinante's pace,
+  Following his lord from place to place.
+  To be an earl he did aspire,
+  And reason good for such desire;
+  But worth in these ungrateful times,
+  To envied honor seldom climbs.
+  Vain mortals! give your wishes o'er,
+  And trust the flatterer Hope no more,
+  Whose promises, whate'er they seem,
+  End in a shadow or a dream.
+
+
+_Cachidiablo, Academician of Argamasilla, on the Sepulture of
+                      Don Quixote._
+
+  EPITAPH.
+
+  Here lies an evil-errant knight,
+    Well bruised in many a fray,
+  Whose courser, Rozinante hight,
+    Long bore him many a way.
+
+  Close by his loving master's side
+    Lies booby Sancho Panza,
+  A trusty squire of courage tried,
+    And true as ever man saw.
+
+
+_Tiquitoc, Academician of Argamasilla, on the sepulture of Dulcinea
+                            del Toboso._
+
+  Dulcinea, fat and fleshy, lies
+    Beneath this frozen stone;
+  But, since to frightful death a prize,
+    Reduced to skin and bone.
+
+  Of goodly parentage she came,
+    And had the lady in her;
+  She was the great Don Quixote's flame,
+    But only death could win her.
+
+
+These were all the verses that could be read: the rest, the characters
+being worm-eaten, were consigned to one of the Academicians, to find out
+their meaning by conjectures. We are informed he has done it, after many
+lucubrations and much pains, and that he designs to publish them, giving
+us hopes of Don Quixote's third sally.
+
+ "Forsi altro cantara con miglior plectro."
+
+
+  The noble mind may be clouded by adversity, but cannot be
+  wholly concealed; for true merit shines by a light of its
+  own, and, glimmering through the rents and crannies of
+  indigence, is perceived, respected, and honored by the
+  generous and the great.
+
+
+A SHORT STORY OF WHAT HAPPENED ONCE IN SEVILLE.
+
+A certain man, being deranged in his intellects, was placed by his
+relations in the mad-house of Seville. He had taken his degrees in the
+canon law at Ossuna; but had it been at Salamanca, many are of opinion
+he would, nevertheless, have been mad. This graduate, after some years'
+confinement, took into his head that he was quite in his right senses,
+and therefore wrote to the archbishop, beseeching him, with great
+earnestness and apparently with much reason, that he would be pleased to
+deliver him from that miserable state of confinement in which he lived;
+since, through the mercy of God, he had regained his senses; adding that
+his relations, in order to enjoy part of his estate, kept him still
+there, and, in spite of the clearest evidence, would insist upon his
+being mad as long as he lived.
+
+The archbishop, prevailed upon by the many sensible epistles he received
+from him, sent one of his chaplains to the keeper of the mad-house to
+inquire into the truth of what the licentiate had alleged, and also to
+talk with him, and if it appeared that he was in his senses, to set him
+at liberty. The chaplain accordingly went to the rector, who assured him
+that the man was still insane, for though he sometimes talked very
+sensibly, it was seldom for any length of time without betraying his
+derangement; as he would certainly find on conversing with him. The
+chaplain determined to make the trial, and during the conversation of
+more than an hour, could perceive no symptom of incoherence in his
+discourse; on the contrary, he spoke with so much sedateness and
+judgment that the chaplain could not entertain a doubt of the sanity of
+his intellects. Among other things he assured him that the keeper was
+bribed by his relations to persist in reporting him to be deranged; so
+that his large estate was his great misfortune, to enjoy which his
+enemies had recourse to fraud, and pretended to doubt of the mercy of
+Heaven in restoring him from the condition of a brute to that of a man.
+In short, he talked so plausibly that he made the rector appear venal
+and corrupt, his relations unnatural, and himself so discreet that the
+chaplain determined to take him immediately to the archbishop, that he
+might be satisfied he had done right.
+
+With this resolution the good chaplain desired the keeper of the house
+to restore to him the clothes which he wore when he was first put under
+his care. The keeper again desired him to beware what he did, since he
+might be assured that the licentiate was still insane; but the chaplain
+was not to be moved either by his cautions or entreaties; and as he
+acted by order of the archbishop, the keeper was compelled to obey him.
+The licentiate put on his new clothes, and now, finding himself rid of
+his lunatic attire, and habited like a rational creature, he entreated
+the chaplain, for charity's sake, to permit him to take leave of his
+late companions in affliction. Being desirous of seeing the lunatics
+who were confined in that house, the chaplain, with several other
+persons, followed him upstairs, and heard him accost a man who lay
+stretched in his cell outrageously mad; though just then composed and
+quiet. "Brother," said he to him, "have you any commands for me? for I
+am going to return to my own house, God having been pleased, of His
+infinite goodness and mercy, without any desert of mine, to restore me
+to my senses. I am now sound and well, for with God nothing is
+impossible; put your whole trust and confidence in Him, and he will
+doubtless restore you also. I will take care to send you some choice
+food; and fail not to eat it: for I have reason to believe, from my own
+experience, that all our distraction proceeds from empty stomachs, and
+brains filled with wind. Take heart, then, my friend, take heart; for
+despondence under misfortune impairs our health, and hastens our death."
+
+This discourse was overheard by another madman, who was in an opposite
+cell; and raising himself up from an old mat, whereon he had thrown
+himself stark naked, he demanded aloud, who it was that was going away
+recovered and in his senses.
+
+"It is I, brother," answered the licentiate, "that am going; for I need
+stay no longer here, and am infinitely thankful to heaven for having
+bestowed so great a blessing upon me."
+
+"Take heed, licentiate, what you say, let not the devil delude you,"
+replied the madman; "stir not a foot, but keep where you are, and you
+will spare yourself the trouble of being brought back."
+
+"I know," replied the licentiate, "that I am perfectly well, and shall
+have no more occasion to visit the station churches."[6]
+
+"You well?" said the madman; "we shall soon see that; farewell! but I
+swear by Jupiter, whose majesty I represent on earth, that for this
+offence alone, which Seville is now committing, in carrying you out of
+this house, and judging you to be in your senses, I am determined to
+inflict such a signal punishment on this city, that the memory thereof
+shall endure for ever and ever, Amen. Know you not, little crazed
+licentiate, that I can do it, since, as I say, I am thundering Jupiter,
+who hold in my hands the flaming bolts, with which I can, and use, to
+threaten and destroy the world? But in one thing only will I chastise
+this ignorant people; and that is, there shall no rain fall on this
+town, or in all its district, for three whole years, reckoning from the
+day and hour in which this threatening is denounced. You at liberty, you
+recovered, and in your right senses! and I a madman, I distempered and
+in bonds! I will no more rain than I will hang myself."
+
+All the bystanders were very attentive to the madman's discourse: but
+our licentiate, turning himself to our chaplain, and holding him by both
+hands, said to him: "Be in no pain, good sir, nor make any account of
+what this madman has said; for, if he is Jupiter and will not rain, I,
+who am Neptune, the father and the god of the waters, will rain as
+often as I please, and whenever there shall be occasion." To which the
+chaplain answered: "However, signor Neptune, it will not be convenient
+at present to provoke signor Jupiter; therefore, pray stay where you
+are; for, some other time, when we have a better opportunity and more
+leisure, we will come for you." The rector and the bystanders laughed;
+which put the chaplain half out of countenance. They disrobed the
+licentiate, who remained where he was; and there is an end of the story.
+
+
+  True valor lies in the middle, between the extremes of
+  cowardice and rashness.
+
+  No padlocks, bolts, or bars can secure a maiden so well as
+  her own reserve.
+
+  Honey is not for the mouth of an ass.
+
+  He must be blind, indeed, who cannot see through a sieve.
+
+  Comparisons, whether as to sense, courage, beauty, or rank,
+  are always offensive.
+
+  Scruples of conscience afford no peace.
+
+  You have reckoned without your host.
+
+  When the head aches, all the members ache also.
+
+  _Me pondra en la espina de Santa Lucia_;--_i. e._, Will put
+  me on St. Lucia's thorn; applicable to any uneasy situation.
+
+  Let every man lay his hand upon his heart, and not take
+  white for black, nor black for white; for we are all as God
+  made us, and oftentimes a great deal worse.
+
+
+"First and foremost, then," said Sancho, "the common people take your
+worship for a downright madman, and me for no less a fool. The gentry
+say that, not content to keep to your own proper rank of a gentleman,
+you call yourself Don, and set up for a knight, with no more than a
+paltry vineyard and a couple of acres of land. The cavaliers say they do
+not choose to be vied with by those country squires who clout their
+shoes, and take up the fallen stitches of their black stockings with
+green silk."
+
+"That," said Don Quixote, "is no reflection upon me; for I always go
+well clad, and my apparel is never patched; a little torn it may be, but
+more by the fretting of my armor than by time."
+
+"As to your valor, courtesy, achievements, and undertakings," continued
+Sancho, "there are many different opinions. Some say you are mad, but
+humorous; others, valiant, but unfortunate; others, courteous, but
+absurd; and thus they pull us to pieces, till they leave neither your
+worship nor me a single feather upon our backs."
+
+"Take notice, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "that, when virtue exists in an
+eminent degree, it is always persecuted."
+
+"There cannot be a more legitimate source of gratification to a virtuous
+and distinguished man," said Don Quixote, "than to have his good name
+celebrated during his lifetime, and circulated over different nations; I
+say his good name, for if it were otherwise than good, death in any
+shape would be preferable."
+
+
+  To be represented otherwise than with approbation is worse
+  than the worst of deaths.
+
+  There are as many different opinions as there are different
+  tastes.
+
+  _Pedir cotufas en el golfo_, signifies to look for truffles
+  in the sea, a proverb applicable to those who are too
+  sanguine in their expectations and unreasonable in their
+  desires.
+
+  "There is no necessity for recording actions which are
+  prejudicial to the hero, without being essential to the
+  history. It is not to be supposed that AEneas was in all his
+  actions so pure as Virgil represents him, nor Ulysses so
+  uniformly prudent as he is described by Homer."
+
+
+"True," replied Sampson; "but it is one thing to write as a poet, and
+another to write as an historian. The poet may say or sing, not as
+things were, but as they ought to have been; but the historian must pen
+them not as they ought to have been, but as they really were, without
+adding to or diminishing aught from the truth."
+
+
+  There is no human history that, does not contain reverses of
+  fortune.
+
+  Let every man take care how he speaks or writes of honest
+  people, and not set down at a venture the first thing that
+  comes uppermost.
+
+
+"Sancho, thou art an arch rogue," replied Don Quixote, "and in faith,
+upon some occasions, hast no want of memory."
+
+"Though I wanted ever so much to forget what my poor body has suffered,"
+quoth Sancho, "the tokens that are still fresh on my ribs would not let
+me."
+
+"Peace, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and let signor bachelor proceed,
+that I may know what is further said of me in the history."
+
+"And of me too," quoth Sancho, "for I hear that I am one of the
+principal parsons in it."
+
+"Persons, not parsons, friend Sancho," quoth Sampson.
+
+"What, have we another corrector of words?" quoth Sancho; "if we are to
+go on at this rate, we shall make slow work of it."
+
+"As sure as I live, Sancho," answered the bachelor, "you are the second
+person of the history; nay, there are those who had rather hear you talk
+than the finest fellow of them all; though there are also some who
+charge you with being too credulous in expecting the government of that
+island promised you by Signor Don Quixote, here present."
+
+"There is still sunshine on the wall," quoth Don Quixote; "and when
+Sancho is more advanced in age, with the experience that years bestow,
+he will be better qualified to be a governor than he is at present."
+
+"'Fore Gad! sir," quoth Sancho, "if I am not fit to govern an island at
+these years, I shall be no better, able at the age of Methusalem. The
+mischief of it is, that the said island sticks somewhere else, and not
+in my want of a headpiece to govern it."
+
+"Recommend the matter to God, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and all will
+be well--perhaps better than thou mayst think; for not a leaf stirs on
+the tree without his permission."
+
+"That is very true," quoth Sampson; "and if it please God, Sancho will
+not want a thousand islands to govern, much less one."
+
+"I have seen governors ere now," quoth Sancho, "who, in my opinion, do
+not come up to the sole of my shoe; and yet they are called 'your
+lordship,' and eat their victuals upon plate."
+
+
+  With hay or with straw it is all the same.
+
+  Much knowledge and a mature understanding are requisite for
+  an historian.
+
+  Wit and humor belong to genius alone.
+
+  The wittiest person in the comedy is he that plays the fool.
+
+  History is a sacred subject, because the soul of it is
+  truth; and where truth is, there the divinity will reside;
+  yet there are some who compose and cast off books as if they
+  were tossing up a dish of pancakes.
+
+  There is no book so bad but something good may be found in
+  it.
+
+  Printed works may be read leisurely, their defects easily
+  seen, so they are scrutinized more or less strictly in
+  proportion to the celebrity of the author.
+
+  "Men of great talents, whether poets or historians, seldom
+  escape the attacks of those who, without ever favoring the
+  world with any production of their own, take delight in
+  criticising the works of others."
+
+
+"Nor can we wonder at that," said Don Quixote, "when we observe the same
+practice among divines, who, though dull enough in the pulpit
+themselves, are wonderfully sharp-sighted in discovering the defects of
+other preachers."
+
+"True, indeed, Signor Don Quixote," said Carrasco; "I wish critics would
+be less fastidious, nor dwell so much upon the motes which may be
+discerned even in the brightest works; for, though _aliquando bonus
+dormitat Homerus_, they ought to consider how much he was awake to
+produce a work with so much light and so little shade; nay, perhaps even
+his seeming blemishes are like moles, which are sometimes thought to be
+rather an improvement to beauty. But it cannot be denied that whoever
+publishes a book to the world, exposes himself to imminent peril, since,
+of all things, nothing is more impossible than to satisfy everybody.
+Above all, I would let my master know that, if he takes me with him, it
+must be upon condition that he shall battle it all himself, and that I
+shall only have to tend his person--I mean, look after his clothes and
+food; all which I will do with a hearty good-will; but if he expects I
+will lay hand to my sword, though it be only against beggarly
+wood-cutters with hooks and hatchets, he is very much mistaken. I,
+Signor Sampson, do not set up for being the most valiant, but the best
+and most faithful squire that ever served knight-errant; and if my lord
+Don Quixote, in consideration of my many and good services, shall please
+to bestow on me some one of the many islands his worship says he shall
+light upon, I shall be much beholden to him for the favor; and if he
+give me none, here I am, and it is better to trust God than each other;
+and mayhap my government bread might not go down so sweet as that which
+I should eat without it; and how? do I know but the devil, in one of
+these governments, might set up a stumbling-block in my way, over which
+I might fall, and dash out my grinders? Sancho I was born, and Sancho I
+expect to die; yet for all that, if, fairly and squarely, without much
+care or much risk, Heaven should chance to throw an island, or some such
+thing, in my way, I am not such a fool neither as to refuse it; for, as
+the saying is, 'when the heifer is offered, be ready with the rope.'"
+
+
+  When good fortune knocks, make haste to bid her welcome.
+
+
+"Brother Sancho," quoth the bachelor, "you have spoken like any
+professor; nevertheless, trust in Heaven and Signor Don Quixote, and
+then you may get not only an island but even a kingdom."
+
+"One as likely as the other," answered Sancho, "though I could tell
+Signor Carrasco that my master will not throw the kingdom he gives me
+into a rotten sack; for I have felt my pulse, and find myself strong
+enough to rule kingdoms and govern islands; and so much I have signified
+before now to my master."
+
+"Take heed, Sancho," quoth the bachelor, "for honors change manners; and
+it may come to pass, when you are a governor, that you may not know even
+your own mother."
+
+"That," answered Sancho, "may be the case with those that are born among
+the mallows, but not with one whose soul, like mine, is covered four
+inches thick with the grace of an old Christian. No, no, I am not one of
+the ungrateful sort."
+
+"Heaven grant it," said Don Quixote; "but we shall see when the
+government comes, and methinks I have it already in my eye."
+
+Sancho went home in such high spirits that his wife observed his gayety
+a bow-shot off, insomuch that she could not help saying, "What makes you
+look so blithe, friend Sancho?"
+
+To which he answered: "Would to Heaven, dear wife, I were not so well
+pleased as I seem to be!"
+
+"I know not what you mean, husband," replied she, "by saying you wish
+you were not so much pleased; now, silly as I am, I cannot guess how any
+one can desire not to be pleased."
+
+"Look you, Teresa," answered Sancho, "I am thus merry because I am
+about to return to the service of my master, Don Quixote, who is going
+again in search after adventures, and I am to accompany him, for so my
+fate wills it. Besides, I am merry with the hopes of finding another
+hundred crowns like those we have spent, though it grieves me to part
+from you and my children; and if Heaven would be pleased to give me
+bread, dryshod and at home, without dragging me over crags and
+cross-paths, it is plain that my joy would be better grounded, since it
+is now mingled with sorrow for leaving you; so that I was right in
+saying that I should be glad if it pleased Heaven I were not so Well
+pleased."
+
+"Look you, Sancho," replied Teresa, "ever since you have been a
+knight-errant man you talk in such a roundabout manner that nobody can
+understand you."
+
+"It is enough, wife," said Sancho, "that God understands me, for He is
+the understander of all things; and so much for that. And do you hear,
+wife, it behooves you to take special care of Dapple for these three or
+four days to come, that he may be in a condition to bear arms; so double
+his allowance, and get the pack-saddle in order and the rest of his
+tackling, for we are not going to a wedding, but to roam about the world
+and to give and take with giants, fiery dragons, and goblins, and to
+hear hissings, roarings, bellowings, and bleatings, all which would be
+but flowers of lavender if we had not to do with Yangueses and enchanted
+Moors."
+
+"I believe, indeed, husband," replied Teresa, "that your squires-errant
+do not eat their bread for nothing, and therefore I shall not fail to
+beseech Heaven to deliver you speedily from so much evil hap."
+
+"I tell you, wife," answered Sancho, "that did I not expect, ere long,
+to see myself governor of an island, I vow I should drop down dead upon
+the spot."
+
+"Not so, good husband," quoth Teresa, "let the hen live, though it be
+with the pip. Do you live, and the devil take all the governments in the
+world! Without a government you came into the world, without a
+government you have lived till now, and without it you can be carried to
+your grave whenever it shall please God. How many folks are there in the
+world that have no government! and yet they live and are reckoned among
+the people. The best sauce in the world is hunger, and as that is never
+wanting to the poor, they always eat with a relish. But if, perchance,
+Sancho, you should get a government, do not forget me and your children.
+Consider that your son Sancho is just fifteen years old, and it is fit
+he should go to school if his uncle the abbot means to breed him up to
+the church. Consider, also, that Mary Sancha, your daughter, will not
+break her heart if we marry her; for I am mistaken if she has not as
+much mind to a husband as you have to a government. And verily say I,
+better a daughter but humbly married than highly kept."
+
+"In good faith, dear wife," said Sancho, "if Heaven be so good to me
+that I get anything like a government, I will match Mary Sancha so
+highly that there will be no coming near her without calling her your
+ladyship."
+
+"Not so, Sancho," answered Teresa, "the best way is to marry her to her
+equal; for if you lift her from clouted shoes to high heels, and
+instead of her russet coat of fourteenpenny stuff, give her a
+farthingale and petticoats of silk, and instead of plain Molly and thou
+she be called madam and your ladyship, the girl will not know where she
+is and will fall into a thousand mistakes at every step, showing her
+homespun country stuff."
+
+"Peace, fool!" quoth Sancho, "she has only to practise two or three
+years and the gravity will set upon her as if it were made for her; and
+if not, what matters it? Let her be a lady, and come of it what will."
+
+"Measure yourself by your condition, Sancho," answered Teresa, "and do
+not seek to raise yourself higher, but remember the proverb, 'Wipe your
+neighbor's son's nose and take him into your house.' It would be a
+pretty business, truly, to marry our Mary to some great count or knight,
+who, when the fancy takes him, would look upon her as some strange
+thing, and be calling her country-wench, clod-breaker's brat, and I know
+not what else. No, not while I live, husband; I have not brought up my
+child to be so used. Do you provide money, Sancho, and leave the
+matching of her to my care; for there is Lope Tocho, John Tocho's son, a
+lusty, hale young man, whom we know, and I am sure he has a sneaking
+kindness for the girl. To him she will be very well married, considering
+he is our equal, and will be always under our eye; and we shall be all
+as one, parents and children, grandsons and sons-in-law, and so the
+peace and blessing of Heaven will be among us all; and do not you be for
+marrying her at your courts and great palaces, where they will neither
+understand her nor she understand herself."
+
+"Hark you, beast, and wife for Barabbas," replied Sancho, "why would you
+now, without rhyme or reason, hinder me from marrying my daughter with
+one who may bring me grandchildren that may be styled your lordships?
+Look you, Teresa, I have always heard my betters say, 'He that will not
+when he may, when he will he shall have nay'; and it would be wrong, now
+that fortune is knocking at our door, not to open it and bid her
+welcome. Let us spread our sail to the favorable gale, now that it
+blows.' ... Can't you perceive, animal, with half an eye," proceeded
+Sancho, "that I shall act wisely, in devoting this body of mine to some
+beneficial government that will lift us out of the dirt, and enable me
+to match Mary Sancha according to my own good pleasure; then wilt thou
+hear thyself called Donna Teresa Panza, and find thyself seated at
+church upon carpets, cushions, and tapestry, in despite and defiance of
+all the small gentry in the parish; and not be always in the same moping
+circumstances, without increase or diminution, like a picture in the
+hangings. But no more of this; Sanchica shall be a countess, though thou
+shouldst cry thy heart out."
+
+"Look before you leap, husband," answered Teresa; "after all, I wish to
+God this quality of my daughter may not be the cause of her perdition;
+take your own way, and make her duchess or princess, or what you please;
+but I'll assure you it shall never be with my consent or good-will; I
+was always a lover of equality, my dear, and can't bear to see people
+hold their heads high without reason. Teresa was I christened, a bare
+and simple name, without the addition, garniture, and embroidery of Don
+or Donna; my father's name is Cascajo, and mine, as being your spouse,
+Teresa Panza, though by rights I should be called Teresa Cascajo; but as
+the king minds, the law binds; and with that name am I contented, though
+it be not burdened with a Don, which weighs so heavy that I should not
+be able to bear it. Neither will I put it in the power of those who see
+me dressed like a countess or governor's lady, to say: 'Mind Mrs.
+Porkfeeder, how proud she looks! it was but yesterday she toiled hard at
+the distaff, and went to mass with the tail of her gown about her head,
+instead of a veil; but now, forsooth, she has got her fine farthingales
+and jewels, and holds up her head as if we did not know her.' If God
+preserves me in my seven or five senses, or as many as they be, I shall
+never bring myself into such a quandary. As for your part, spouse, you
+may go to your governments and islands, and be as proud as a peacock;
+but as for my daughter and me, by the life of my father! we will not
+stir one step from the village; for, the wife that deserves a good name,
+stays at home as if she were lame; and the maid must be still a-doing,
+that hopes to see the men come awooing."
+
+
+  He that covers, discovers.
+
+  The poor man is scarcely looked at, while every eye is
+  turned upon the rich; and if the poor man grows rich and
+  great, then I warrant you there is work enough for your
+  grumblers and backbiters, who swarm everywhere like bees.
+
+  "The first time, he was brought home to us laid athwart an
+  ass, all battered and bruised. The second time he returned
+  in an ox-wagon, locked up in a cage, and so changed, poor
+  soul, that his own mother would not have known him; so
+  feeble, wan, and withered, and his eyes sunk into the
+  farthest corner of his brains, insomuch that it took me
+  above six hundred eggs to get him a little up again, as
+  Heaven and the world is my witness, and my hens, that will
+  not let me lie."
+
+  "I can easily believe that," answered the bachelor; "for
+  your hens are too well bred and fed to say one thing and
+  mean another."
+
+  All objects present to the view exist, and are impressed
+  upon the imagination with much greater energy and force,
+  than those which we only remember to have seen.
+
+  When we see any person finely dressed, and set off with rich
+  apparel and with a train of servants, we are moved to show
+  him respect; for, though we cannot but remember certain
+  scurvy matters either of poverty or parentage, that formerly
+  belonged to him, but which being long gone by are almost
+  forgotten, we only think of what we see before our eyes. And
+  if, as the preacher said, the person so raised by good luck,
+  from nothing, as it were, to the tip-top of prosperity, be
+  well behaved, generous, and civil, and gives himself no
+  ridiculous airs, pretending to vie with the old nobility,
+  take my word for it, Teresa, nobody will twit him with what
+  he was, but will respect him for what he is; except, indeed
+  the envious, who hate every man's good luck.
+
+  People are always ready enough to lend their money to
+  governors.
+
+  Clothe the boy so that he may look not like what he is, but
+  what he may be.
+
+  To this burden women are born, they must obey their husbands
+  if they are ever such blockheads.
+
+  He that's coy when fortune's kind, may after seek but never
+  find.
+
+  All knights cannot be courtiers, neither can all courtiers
+  be knights.
+
+  The courtier knight travels only on a map, without fatigue
+  or expense; he neither suffers heat nor cold, hunger nor
+  thirst; while the true knight-errant explores every quarter
+  of the habitable world, and is by night and day, on foot or
+  on horseback, exposed to all the vicissitudes of the
+  weather.
+
+  All are not affable and well-bred; on the contrary, some
+  there are extremely brutal and impolite. All those who call
+  themselves knights, are not entitled to that distinction;
+  some being of pure gold, and others of baser metal,
+  notwithstanding the denomination they assume. But these last
+  cannot stand the touch-stone of truth; there are mean
+  plebeians, who sweat and struggle to maintain the appearance
+  of gentlemen; and, on the other hand, there are gentlemen of
+  rank who seem industrious to appear mean and degenerate; the
+  one sort raise themselves either by ambition or virtue,
+  while the other abase themselves by viciousness or sloth; so
+  that we must avail ourselves of our understanding and
+  discernment in distinguishing those persons, who, though
+  they bear the same appellation, are yet so different in
+  point of character. All the genealogies in the world may be
+  reduced to four kinds. The first are those families who from
+  a low beginning have raised and extended themselves, until
+  they have reached the highest pinnacle of human greatness;
+  the second are those of high extraction, who have preserved
+  their original dignity; the third sort are those who, from a
+  great foundation, have gradually dwindled, until, like a
+  pyramid, they terminate in a small point. The last, which
+  are the most numerous class, are those who have begun and
+  continue low, and who must end the same.
+
+  Genealogies are involved in endless confusion, and those
+  only are illustrious and great who are distinguished by
+  their virtue and liberality, as well as their riches; for
+  the great man who is vicious is only a great sinner, and the
+  rich man who wants liberality is but a miserly pauper.
+
+  The gratification which wealth can bestow is not in mere
+  possession, nor in lavishing it with prodigality, but in the
+  wise application of it.
+
+  The poor knight can only manifest his rank by his virtues
+  and general conduct. He must be well-bred, courteous, kind,
+  and obliging; not proud nor arrogant; no murmurer. Above
+  all, he must be charitable, and by two maravedis given
+  cheerfully to the poor he shall display as much generosity
+  as the rich man who bestows large alms by sound of bell. Of
+  such a man no one would doubt his honorable descent, and
+  general applause wall be the sure reward of his virtue.
+
+  There are two roads by which men may attain riches and
+  honor: the one by letters, the other by arms.
+
+  The path of virtue is narrow, that of vice is spacious and
+  broad; as the great Castilian poet expresses it:--
+
+    "By these rough paths of toil and pain
+    The immortal seats of bliss we gain,
+    Denied to those who heedless stray
+    In tempting pleasure's flowery way."
+
+  Fast bind, fast find.
+
+  He who shuffles is not he who cuts.
+
+  A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
+
+  Though there is little in a woman's advice, yet he that
+  won't take it is not over-wise.
+
+  We are all mortal: here to-day and gone to-morrow.
+
+  The lamb goes to the spit as soon as the sheep.
+
+  No man in this world can promise himself more hours of life
+  than God is pleased to grant him; because death if deaf, and
+  when he knocks at the door of life is always in a hurry, and
+  will not be detained either by fair means or force, by
+  sceptres or mitres, as the report goes, and as we have often
+  heard it declared from the pulpit.
+
+  The hen sits, if it be but upon one egg.
+
+  Many littles make a mickle, and he that is getting aught is
+  losing naught.
+
+  While there are peas in the dove-cote, it shall never want
+  pigeons.
+
+  A good reversion is better than bad possession, and a good
+  claim better than bad pay.
+
+  The bread eaten, the company broke up.
+
+  A man must be a man, and a woman a woman.
+
+  Nothing inspires a knight-errant with so much valor as the
+  favor of his mistress.
+
+  O envy! thou root of infinite mischief and canker-worm of
+  virtue! The commission of all other vices, Sancho, is
+  attended with some sort of delight; but envy produces
+  nothing in the heart that harbors it but rage, rancor, and
+  disgust.
+
+  The love of fame is one of the most active principles in the
+  human breast.
+
+  Let us keep our holy days in peace, and not throw the rope
+  after the bucket.
+
+"And now pray tell me which is the most difficult, to raise a dead man
+to life or to slay a giant?"
+
+"The answer is very obvious," answered Don Quixote; "to raise a dead
+man."
+
+"There I have caught you!" quoth Sancho. "Then his fame who raises the
+dead, gives sight to the blind, makes the lame walk, and cures the sick;
+who has lamps burning near his grave, and good Christians always in his
+chapels, adoring his relics upon their knees,--his fame, I say, shall be
+greater both in this world and the next than that which all the heathen
+emperors and knights-errant in the world ever had or ever shall have."
+
+"I grant it," answered Don Quixote.
+
+"Then," replied Sancho, "the bodies and relics of saints have this power
+and grace, and these privileges, or how do you call them, and with the
+license of our holy mother church have their lamps, winding-sheets,
+crutches, pictures, perukes, eyes, and legs, whereby they increase
+people's devotion and spread abroad their own Christian fame. Kings
+themselves carry the bodies or relics of saints upon their shoulders,
+kiss the fragments of their bones, and adorn their chapels and most
+favorite altars with them."
+
+"Certainly, but what wouldst thou infer from all this, Sancho?" quoth
+Don Quixote.
+
+"What I mean," said Sancho, "is, that we had better turn saints
+immediately, and we shall then soon get that fame we are seeking after.
+And pray take notice, sir, that it was but yesterday--I mean very
+lately--a couple of poor barefooted friars were canonized, and people
+now reckon it a greater happiness to touch or kiss the iron chains that
+bound them, and which are now held in greater veneration than Orlando's
+sword in the armory of our lord the king, Heaven save him; so that it is
+better to be a poor friar of the meanest order than the bravest
+knight-errant, because four dozen of good penitent lashes are more
+esteemed in the sight of God than two thousand tilts with a lance,
+though it be against giants, goblins, or dragons."
+
+"I confess," answered Don Quixote, "all this is true. We cannot all be
+friars, and many and various are the ways by which God conducts his
+elect to Heaven. Chivalry is a kind of religious profession, and some
+knights are now saints in glory."
+
+"True," quoth Sancho, "but I have heard say there are more friars in
+Heaven than knights-errant."
+
+"It may well be so," replied Don Quixote, "because their number is much
+greater than that of knights-errant."
+
+"And yet," quoth Sancho, "there are abundance of the errant sort."
+
+"Abundance, indeed," answered Don Quixote, "but few who deserve the name
+of knight."
+
+  There is a time for jesting, and a time when jokes are
+  unseasonable.
+
+  Truth may bend but never break, and will ever rise above
+  falsehood, like oil above water.
+
+  With lovers the external actions and gestures are couriers,
+  which bear authentic tidings of what is passing in the
+  interior of the soul.
+
+  A stout heart flings misfortune.
+
+  Where you meet with no books you need expect no bacon.
+
+  The hare often starts where the hunter least expects her.
+
+  There is a remedy for everything but death, who will take us
+  in his clutches spite of our teeth.
+
+  Show me who thou art with, and I will tell thee what thou
+  art.
+
+  Not with whom thou wert bred, but with whom thou art fed.
+
+  Sorrow was made for man, not for beasts; yet if men
+  encourage melancholy too much, they become no better than
+  beasts.
+
+"Thou bringest me good news, then?" cried Don Quixote.
+
+"So good," answered Sancho, "that your worship has only to clap spurs to
+Rozinante, and get out upon the plain, to see the lady Dulcinea del
+Toboso, who, with a couple of her damsels, is coming to pay your worship
+a visit."
+
+"Gracious Heaven!" exclaimed Don Quixote, "what dost thou say? Take care
+that thou beguilest not my real sorrow by a counterfeit joy."
+
+"What should I get," answered Sancho, "by deceiving your worship, only
+to be found out the next moment? Come, sir, put on, and you will see the
+princess our mistress all arrayed and adorned--in short, like herself.
+She and her damsels are one blaze of naming gold; all strings of pearls,
+all diamonds, all rubies, all cloth of tissue above ten hands deep;
+their hair loose about their shoulders, like so many sunbeams blowing
+about in the wind; and what is more, they come mounted upon three pied
+belfreys, the finest you ever laid eyes on."
+
+"Palfreys, thou wouldst say, Sancho," quoth Don Quixote.
+
+"Well, well," answered Sancho, "belfreys and palfreys are much the same
+thing; but let them be mounted how they will, they are sure the finest
+creatures one would wish to see; especially my mistress the princess
+Dulcinea, who dazzles one's senses."
+
+They were now got out of the wood, and saw the three wenches very near.
+
+Don Quixote looked eagerly along the road towards Toboso, and seeing
+nobody but the three wenches, he asked Sancho, in much agitation,
+whether they were out of the city when he left them.
+
+"Out of the city!" answered Sancho; "are your worship's eyes in the
+nape of your neck, that you do not see them now before you, shining like
+the sun at noon-day?"
+
+"I see only three country girls," answered Don Quixote, "on three
+asses."
+
+"Now, Heaven keep me from the devil," answered Sancho; "is it possible
+that three palfreys, or how do you call them, white as the driven snow,
+should look to you like asses? As the Lord liveth, you shall pluck off
+this beard of mine if it be so."
+
+"I tell thee, friend Sancho," answered Don Quixote, "that it is as
+certain they are asses, as that I am Don Quixote and thou Sancho
+Panza;--at least, so they seem to me."
+
+"Sir," quoth Sancho, "say not such a thing; but snuff those eyes of
+yours, and come and pay reverence to the mistress of your soul." So
+saying he advanced forward to meet the peasant girls, and, alighting
+from Dapple, he laid hold of one of their asses by the halter, and
+bending both knees to the ground, said to the girl: "Queen, princess,
+and duchess of beauty, let your haughtiness and greatness be pleased to
+receive into grace and good-liking your captive knight, who stands
+turned there into stone, all disorder, and without any pulse, to find
+himself before your magnificent presence. I am Sancho Panza, his squire,
+and he is that way-worn knight Don Quixote de la Mancha, otherwise
+called the Knight of the Sorrowful Figure."
+
+
+  It is not courage, but rashness, for one man singly to
+  encounter an army, where death is present, and where
+  emperors fight in person, assisted by good and bad angels.
+
+  Good Christians should never revenge injuries.
+
+  A sparrow in the hand is better than a vulture on the wing.
+
+  At the conclusion of this drama of life, death strips us of
+  the robes which make the difference between man and man, and
+  leaves us all on one level in the grave.
+
+  From a friend to a friend,[7] etc.
+
+  Nor let it be taken amiss that any comparison should be made
+  between the mutual cordiality of animals and that of men;
+  for much useful knowledge and many salutary precepts have
+  been taught by the brute creation.
+
+  We may learn gratitude as well as vigilance from cranes,
+  foresight from ants, modesty from elephants, and loyalty
+  from horses.
+
+  Harken, and we shall discover his thoughts by his song, for
+  out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh.[8]
+
+
+  SONNET.
+
+  Bright authoress of my good or ill,
+    Prescribe the law I must observe;
+  My heart, obedient to thy will,
+    Shall never from its duty swerve.
+
+  If you refuse my griefs to know,
+    The stifled anguish seals my fate;
+  But if your ears would drink my woe,
+    Love shall himself the tale relate.
+
+  Though contraries my heart compose,
+    Hard as the diamond's solid frame,
+  And soft as yielding wax that flows,
+    To thee, my fair, 'tis still the same.
+
+  Take it, for every stamp prepared;
+    Imprint what characters you choose;
+  The faithful tablet, soft or hard,
+    The dear impression ne'er shall lose.
+
+
+  The sorrows that may arise from well-placed affections,
+  ought rather to be accounted blessings than calamities.
+
+  Good fare lessens care.
+
+  The rarest sporting is that we find at other people's cost.
+
+  Covetousness bursts the bag.
+
+  Other folk's burdens break the ass's back.
+
+  There is no road so smooth but it has its stumbling-places.
+
+  Madness will have more followers than discretion.
+
+  Comparisons in grief lessen its weight.
+
+  If the blind lead the blind, both may fall into the ditch.
+
+  A good paymaster needs no pledge.
+
+  Nobody knows the heart of his neighbor; some go out for wool
+  and come home shorn.
+
+  Let us drink and live, for time takes care to rid us of our
+  lives, without our seeking ways to go before our appointed
+  term and season.
+
+"You must know I have had in my family, by the father's side, two of the
+rarest tasters that were ever known in La Mancha; and I will give you a
+proof of their skill. A certain hogshead was given to each of them to
+taste, and their opinion asked as to the condition, quality, goodness,
+or badness, of the wine. One tried it with the tip of his tongue; the
+other only put it to his nose. The first said the wine savored of iron;
+the second said it had rather a twang of goat's leather. The owner
+protested that the vessel was clean, and the wine neat, so that it could
+not taste either of iron or leather. Notwithstanding this, the two
+famous tasters stood positively to what they had said. Time went on;
+the wine was sold off, and, on cleaning the cask, a small key, hanging
+to a leathern thong, was found at the bottom. Judge then, sir, whether
+one of that race may not be well entitled to give his opinion in these
+matters."
+
+"That being the case," quoth he of the wood, "we should leave off
+seeking adventures, and, since we have a good loaf, let us not look for
+cheesecakes."
+
+
+  The conquered must be at the discretion of the conqueror.
+
+  It is easy to undertake, but more difficult to finish a
+  thing.
+
+  "Pray, which is the greater madman, he who is so because he
+  cannot help it, or he who is so on purpose?"
+
+  "The difference between these two sorts of madmen is,"
+  replied Sampson, "that he who cannot help it will remain so,
+  and he who deliberately plays the fool may leave off when he
+  thinks fit."
+
+  Heaven knows the truth of all things.
+
+  The ancient sages, who were not enlightened with the
+  knowledge of the true God, reckoned the gifts of fortune and
+  nature, abundance of friends, and increase of dutiful
+  children, as constituting part of the supreme happiness.
+
+  Letters without virtue are like pearls on a dunghill.
+
+
+DON QUIXOTE ON POETRY.
+
+Poetry I regard as a tender virgin, young and extremely beautiful, whom
+divers other virgins--namely, all the other sciences--are assiduous to
+enrich, to polish, and adorn. She is to be served by them, and they are
+to be ennobled through her. But the same virgin is not to be rudely
+handled, nor dragged through the streets, nor exposed in the
+market-places, nor posted on the corners of gates of palaces. She is of
+so exquisite a nature that he who knows how to treat her will convert
+her into gold of the most inestimable value. He who possesses her should
+guard her with vigilance; neither suffering her to be polluted by
+obscene, nor degraded by dull and frivolous works. Although she must be
+in no wise venal, she is not, therefore, to despise the fair reward of
+honorable labors, either in heroic or dramatic composition. Buffoons
+must not come near her, neither must she be approached by the ignorant
+vulgar, who have no sense of her charms; and this term is equally
+applicable to all ranks, for whoever is ignorant is vulgar. He,
+therefore, who, with the qualifications I have named, devotes himself to
+poetry, will be honored and esteemed by all nations distinguished for
+intellectual cultivation.
+
+Indeed, it is generally said that the gift of poesy is innate--that is,
+a poet is born a poet, and, thus endowed by Heaven, apparently without
+study or art, composes things which verify the saying, _Est Deus in
+nobis_, etc. Thus the poet of nature, who improves himself by art, rises
+far above him who is merely the creature of study. Art may improve, but
+cannot surpass nature; and, therefore, it is the union of both which
+produces the perfect poet.
+
+Let him direct the shafts of satire against vice, in all its various
+forms, but not level them at individuals, like some who, rather than not
+indulge their mischievous wit, will hazard a disgraceful banishment to
+the Isles of Pontus. If the poet be correct in his morals, his verse
+will partake of the same purity: the pen is the tongue of the mind, and
+what his conceptions are, such will be his productions. The wise and
+virtuous subject who is gifted with a poetic genius is ever honored and
+enriched by his sovereign, and crowned with the leaves of the tree which
+the thunderbolt hurts not, as a token that all should respect those
+brows which are so honorably adorned.
+
+
+  Forewarned, forearmed; to be prepared is half the victory.
+
+  It is a nobler sight to behold a knight-errant assisting a
+  widow in solitude than a courtier-knight complimenting a
+  damsel in the city.
+
+  Well I know that fortitude is a virtue placed between the
+  two extremes of cowardice and rashness: but it is better the
+  valiant should rise to the extreme of temerity than sink to
+  that of cowardice, for, as it is easier for the prodigal
+  than the miser to become liberal, so it is much easier for
+  the rash than the cowardly to become truly brave.
+
+
+THE ADVENTURE WITH THE LIONS.
+
+Don Quixote, after having wiped his head, face, beard, and helmet, again
+put it on, and fixing himself firm in his stirrups, adjusting his sword,
+and grasping his lance, he exclaimed, "Now, come what may, I am prepared
+to encounter Satan himself!"
+
+They were soon overtaken by the cart with flags, which was attended only
+by the driver, who rode upon one of the mules, and a man sitting upon
+the fore part of it. Don Quixote planted himself just before them, and
+said, "Whither go ye, brethren? What carriage is this? What does it
+contain, and what are those banners?"
+
+"The cart is mine," answered the carter, "and in it are two fierce
+lions, which the general of Oran is sending to court as a present to his
+majesty; the flags belong to our liege the king, to show that what is in
+the cart belongs to him."
+
+"And are the lions large?" demanded Don Quixote.
+
+"Larger never came from Africa to Spain," said the man on the front of
+the cart; "I am their keeper, and in my time have had charge of many
+lions, but never of any so large as these. They are a male and a female;
+the male is in the first cage, and the female is in that behind. Not
+having eaten to-day, they are now hungry and therefore, sir, stand
+aside, for we must make haste to the place where they are to be fed."
+
+"What!" said Don Quixote, with a scornful smile, "lion-whelps against
+me! Against me, your puny monsters! and at this time of day! By yon
+blessed sun! those who sent them hither shall see whether I am a man to
+be scared by lions. Alight, honest friend! and, since you are their
+keeper, open the cages and turn out your savages of the desert: for in
+the midst of this field will I make them know who Don Quixote de la
+Mancha is, in spite of the enchanters that sent them hither to me."
+
+"So, so," quoth the gentleman to himself, "our good knight has now given
+us a specimen of what he is; doubtless the curds have softened his
+skull, and made his brains mellow."
+
+Sancho now coming up to him, "For Heaven's sake, sir," cried he, "hinder
+my master from meddling with these lions; for if he does they will tear
+us all to pieces."
+
+"What, then, is your master so mad," answered the gentleman, "that you
+really fear he will attack such fierce animals?"
+
+"He is not mad," answered Sancho, "but daring."
+
+"I will make him desist," replied the gentleman; and, going up to Don
+Quixote, who was importuning the keeper to open the cages, "Sir," said
+he, "Knights-errant should engage in adventures that, at least, afford
+some prospect of success, and not such as are altogether desperate; for
+the valor which borders on temerity has in it more of madness than
+courage. Besides, sir knight, these lions do not come to assail you:
+they are going to be presented to his majesty; and it is, therefore,
+improper to detain them or retard their journey."
+
+"Sweet sir," answered Don Quixote, "go hence, and mind your decoy
+partridge, and your stout ferret, and leave every one to his functions.
+This is mine, and I shall see whether these gentlemen lions will come
+against me or not." Then, turning to the keeper, he said, "I vow to
+Heaven, Don Rascal, if thou dost not instantly open the cages, with this
+lance I will pin thee to the cart."
+
+The carter seeing that the armed lunatic was resolute, "Good sir," said
+he, "for charity's sake, be pleased to let me take off my mules and get
+with them out of danger, before the lions are let loose: for should my
+cattle be killed, I am undone for ever, as I have no other means of
+living than by this cart and these mules."
+
+"Incredulous wretch!" cried Don Quixote, "unyoke and do as thou wilt;
+but thou shalt soon see that thy trouble might have been spared."
+
+The carter alighted and unyoked in great haste. The keeper then said
+aloud, "Bear witness, all here present, that against my will, and by
+compulsion, I open the cages and let the lions loose. I protest against
+what this gentleman is doing, and declare all the mischief done by these
+beasts shall be placed to his account, with my salary and perquisites
+over and above. Pray, gentlemen, take care of yourselves before I open
+the door; for, as to myself, I am sure they will do me no hurt."
+
+Again the gentleman pressed Don Quixote to desist from so mad an action;
+declaring to him that he was thereby provoking God's wrath. Don Quixote
+replied that he knew what he was doing. The gentleman rejoined, and
+entreated him to consider well of it, for he was certainly deceived.
+
+"Nay, sir," replied Don Quixote, "if you will not be a spectator of what
+you think will prove a tragedy, spur your flea-bitten, and save
+yourself."
+
+Sancho, too, besought him, with tears in his eyes, to desist from an
+enterprise compared with which that of the windmills, the dreadful one
+of the fulling-mills, and in short, all the exploits he had performed in
+the whole course of his life, were mere tarts and cheesecakes.
+"Consider, sir," added Sancho, "here is no enchantment, nor anything
+like it; for I saw, through the grates and chinks of the cage, the paw
+of a true lion; and I guess, by the size of its claw, that it is bigger
+than a mountain."
+
+"Thy fears," answered Don Quixote, "would make it appear to thee larger
+than half the world. Retire, Sancho, and leave me; and if I perish here,
+thou knowest our old agreement: repair to Dulcinea--I say no more." To
+these he added other expressions, which showed the firmness of his
+purpose, and that all argument would be fruitless. The gentleman would
+fain have compelled him to desist, but thought himself unequally matched
+in weapons and armor, and that it Would not be prudent to engage with a
+madman, whose violence and menaces against the keeper were now
+redoubled; the gentleman therefore spurred his mare, Sancho his Dapple,
+and the carter his mules, and all endeavored to get as far off as
+possible from the cart, before the lions were let loose. Sancho bewailed
+the death of his master; verily believing it would now overtake him
+between the paws of the lions; he cursed his hard fortune, and the
+unlucky hour when he again entered into his service. But,
+notwithstanding his tears and lamentations, he kept urging on his Dapple
+to get far enough from the cart. The keeper, seeing that the fugitives
+were at a good distance, repeated his arguments and entreaties, but to
+no purpose: Don Quixote answered that he heard him, and desired he would
+trouble himself no more, but immediately obey his commands, and open the
+door.
+
+Whilst the keeper was unbarring the first gate, Don Quixote deliberated
+within himself whether it would be best to engage on horseback or not,
+and finally determined it should be on foot, as Rozinante might be
+terrified at the sight of the lions. He therefore leaped from his horse,
+flung aside his lance, braced on his shield, and drew his sword; and
+marching slowly, with marvellous intrepidity and an undaunted heart, he
+planted himself before the car, devoutly commending himself, first to
+God and then to his mistress Dulcinea.
+
+Here it is to be noted that the author of this faithful history, coming
+to this passage, falls into exclamations, and cries out, O strenuous and
+beyond all expression courageous Don Quixote de la Mancha! thou mirror
+wherein all the valiant ones of the world may behold themselves, thou
+second and new Don Manuel de Leon, who was the glory and honor of the
+Spanish knights! With what words shall I relate this tremendous exploit?
+By what arguments shall I render it credible to succeeding ages? or what
+praises, though above all hyperboles hyperbolical, do not fit and become
+thee? Thou, alone, on foot, intrepid and magnanimous, with a single
+sword, and that none of the sharpest, with a shield not of the brightest
+and most shining steel, standest waiting for and expecting two of the
+fiercest lions that the forests of Africa ever bred. Let thy own deeds
+praise thee, valorous Manchegan! for here I must leave off for want of
+words whereby to enhance them. Here the author ends his exclamation, and
+resumes the thread of the history, saying:--
+
+The keeper, seeing Don Quixote fixed in his posture, and that he could
+not avoid letting loose the male lion on pain of falling under the
+displeasure of the angry and daring knight, set wide open the door of
+the first cage, where lay the lion, which appeared to be of an
+extraordinary bigness and of a hideous and frightful aspect. The first
+thing he did was to turn himself round in the cage, reach out a paw, and
+stretch himself at full length. Then he gaped and yawned very leisurely;
+then licked the dust off his eyes, and washed his face, with some half a
+yard of tongue. This done, he thrust his head out of the cage and stared
+round on all sides with eyes of fire-coals,--a sight and aspect enough
+to have struck terror into temerity itself. Don Quixote only observed
+him with attention, wishing he would leap out from the car and grapple
+with him, that he might tear him in pieces, to such a pitch of
+extravagance had his unheard-of madness transported him.
+
+But the generous lion, more civil than arrogant, taking no notice of his
+vaporing and bravados, after having stared about him, as has been said,
+turned his back and showed his posteriors to Don Quixote, and with
+great phlegm and calmness laid himself down again in the cage; which Don
+Quixote perceiving, he ordered the keeper to give him some blows and
+provoke him to come forth.
+
+"That I will not do," answered the keeper; "for, should I provoke him, I
+myself shall be the first he will tear in pieces. Be satisfied, signor
+cavalier, with what is done, which is all that can be said in point of
+courage, and do not tempt fortune a second time. The lion has the door
+open, and it is in his choice to come forth or not; and since he has not
+yet come out, he will not come out all this day. The greatness of your
+worship's courage is already sufficiently shown. No brave combatant, as
+I take it, is obliged to more than to challenge his foe, and expect him
+in the field; and if the antagonist does not meet him, the disgrace
+falls on him, while the challenger is entitled to the crown of victory."
+
+"That is true," answered Don Quixote; "shut the door, and give me a
+certificate in the best form you can of what you have here seen me
+perform. It should be known that you opened the door to the lion; that I
+waited for him; that he came not out; again I waited for him; again he
+came not out; and again he laid himself down. I am bound to no
+more,--enchantments avaunt! So Heaven prosper right and justice and true
+chivalry! Shut the door, as I told thee, while I make a signal to the
+fugitive and absent, that from your own mouth they may have an account
+of this exploit."
+
+The keeper closed the door, and Don Quixote, having fixed the linen
+cloth with which he had wiped the curds from his face upon the point of
+his lance, began to hail the troop in the distance, who, with the
+gentleman in green at their head, were still retiring, but looking round
+at every step, when suddenly Sancho observed the signal of the white
+cloth.
+
+"May I be hanged," cried he, "if my master has not vanquished the wild
+beasts, for he is calling to us!"
+
+They all stopped, and saw that it was Don Quixote that made the sign;
+and, their fear in some degree abating, they ventured to return slowly
+till they could distinctly hear the words of Don Quixote, who continued
+calling to them. When they had reached the cart again, Don Quixote said
+to the driver: "Now, friend, put on your mules again, and in Heaven's
+name proceed; and, Sancho, give two crowns to him and the keeper, to
+make them amends for this delay."
+
+"That I will, with all my heart," answered Sancho; "but what has become
+of the lions? are they dead or alive?"
+
+The keeper then very minutely, and with due pauses, gave an account of
+the conflict, enlarging, to the best of his skill, on the valor of Don
+Quixote, at sight of whom the daunted lion would not, or durst not, stir
+out of the cage, though he had held open the door a good while; and,
+upon his representing to the knight that it was tempting God to provoke
+the lion, and to force him out, he had at length, very reluctantly,
+permitted him to close it again.
+
+"What sayest thou to this, Sancho?" said Don Quixote; "can any
+enchantment prevail against true courage? Enchanters may, indeed,
+deprive me of good fortune, but of courage and resolution they never
+can."
+
+Sancho gave the gold crowns; the carter yoked his mules; the keeper
+thanked Don Quixote for his present, and promised to relate this
+valorous exploit to the king himself when he arrived at court.
+
+"If, perchance, his majesty," said Don Quixote, "should inquire who
+performed it, tell him the Knight of the Lions; for henceforward I
+resolve that the title I have hitherto borne, of the Knight of the
+Sorrowful Figure, shall be thus changed, converted, and altered; and
+herein I follow the ancient practice of knights-errant, who changed
+their names at pleasure."
+
+It is a gallant sight to see a cavalier in shining armor prancing over
+the lists at some gay tournament in sight of the ladies; it is a gallant
+sight when, in the middle of a spacious square, a brave cavalier, before
+the eyes of his prince, transfixes with his lance a furious bull; and a
+gallant show do all those knights make, who, in military or other
+exercises, entertain, enliven, and do honor to their prince's court; but
+far above all these is the knight-errant, who, through deserts and
+solitudes, through cross-ways, through woods, and over mountains, goes
+in quest of perilous adventures, which he undertakes and accomplishes
+only to obtain a glorious and immortal fame.
+
+All knights have their peculiar functions. Let the courtier serve the
+ladies, adorn his prince's court with rich liveries, entertain the
+poorer cavaliers at his splendid table, order his jousts, manage
+tournaments, and show himself great, liberal, and magnificent; above
+all, a good Christian, and thus will he fulfil his duties.
+
+In enterprises of every kind, it is better to lose the game by a card
+too much than one too little; for it sounds better to be called rash and
+daring than timorous and cowardly.
+
+"Signor Don Diego de Miranda, your father, sir, has informed me of the
+rare talents you possess, and particularly that you are a great poet."
+
+"Certainly not a great poet," replied Lorenzo; "it is true I am fond of
+poetry, and honor the works of good poets; but I have no claim to the
+title my father is pleased to confer upon me."
+
+"I do not dislike this modesty," answered Don Quixote; "for poets are
+usually very arrogant, each thinking himself the greatest in the world."
+
+"There is no rule without an exception," answered Don Lorenzo; "and
+surely there may be some who do not appear too conscious of their real
+merits."
+
+"Very few, I believe," said Don Quixote.
+
+
+THE SCIENCE OF KNIGHT-ERRANTRY.
+
+"It is a science," replied Don Quixote, "which comprehends all, or most
+of the other sciences; for he who professes it must be learned in the
+law, and understand distributive and commutative justice, that he may
+know not only how to assign to each man what is truly his own, but what
+is proper for him to possess; he must be conversant in divinity, in
+order to be able to explain, clearly and distinctly, the Christian faith
+which he professes; he must be skilled in medicine, especially in
+botany, that he may know both how to cure the diseases with which he may
+be afflicted, and collect the various remedies which Providence has
+scattered in the midst of the wilderness, nor be compelled on every
+emergency to be running in quest of a physician to heal him; he must be
+an astronomer, that he may if necessary ascertain by the stars the exact
+hour of the night and what part or climate of the world he is in; he
+must understand mathematics, because he will have occasion for them; and
+taking it for granted that he must be adorned with all the cardinal and
+theological virtues, I descend to other more minute particulars, and say
+that he must know how to swim as well as it is reported of Fish
+Nicholas;[9] he must know how to shoe a horse and repair his saddle and
+bridle: and to return to higher concerns, he must preserve his faith
+inviolable towards Heaven, and also to his mistress; he must be chaste
+in his thoughts, modest in his words, liberal in good works, valiant in
+exploits, patient in toils, charitable to the needy, and steadfastly
+adhering to the truth, even at the hazard of his life. Of all these
+great and small parts a good knight-errant is composed."
+
+
+  THE TEXT.
+
+  Could I recall departed joy,
+    Though barred the hopes of greater gain,
+  Or now the future hours employ
+    That must succeed my present pain.
+
+
+  THE PARAPHRASE.
+
+  All fortune's blessings disappear,
+    She's fickle as the wind;
+  And now I find her as severe
+    As once I thought her kind.
+  How soon the fleeting pleasures passed!
+  How long the lingering sorrows last!
+    Unconstant goddess, in thy haste,
+  Do not thy prostrate slave destroy,
+    I'd ne'er complain, but bless my fate,
+  _Could I recall departed joy._
+
+  Of all thy gifts I beg but this,
+    Glut all mankind with more,
+  Transport them with redoubled bliss,
+    But only mine restore.
+  With thought of pleasure once possessed,
+  I'm now as cursed as I was blessed:
+    Oh, would the charming hours return,
+  How pleased I'd live, how free from pain,
+    I ne'er would pine, I ne'er would mourn.
+  _Though barred the hopes of greater gain._
+
+  But oh, the blessing I implore
+    Not fate itself can give!
+  Since time elapsed exists no more,
+    No power can bid it live.
+  Our days soon vanish into naught,
+  And have no being but in thought.
+    Whate'er began must end at last,
+  In vain we twice would youth enjoy,
+    In vain would we recall the past,
+  _Or now the future hours employ._
+
+  Deceived by hope, and racked by fear,
+    No longer life can please;
+  I'll then no more its torments bear,
+    Since death so soon can ease.
+  This hour I'll die--but, let me pause--
+  A rising doubt my courage awes.
+    Assist, ye powers that rule my fate,
+  Alarm my thoughts, my rage restrain,
+    Convince my soul there's yet a state
+  _That must succeed my present pain._
+
+
+  O Flattery, how potent is thy sway! How wide the bounds of
+  thy pleasing jurisdiction!
+
+
+_On the story of Pyramus and Thisbe._
+
+  SONNET.
+
+  The nymph who Pyramus with love inspired
+  Pierces the wall, with equal passion fired:
+  Cupid from distant Cyprus thither flies,
+  And views the secret breach with laughing eyes.
+
+  Here silence, vocal, mutual vows conveys,
+  And whispering eloquent, their love betrays:
+  Though chained by fear, their voices dare not pass,
+  Their souls, transmitted through the chink, embrace.
+
+  Ah, woful story of disastrous love!
+  Ill-fated haste that did their ruin prove!
+  One death, one grave, unite the faithful pair,
+  And in one common fame their memories share.
+
+
+  No parents can see the deformity of their own children, and
+  still stronger is this self-deception with respect to the
+  offspring of the mind.
+
+
+At parting, Don Quixote addressing himself to Don Lorenzo: "I know not,"
+said he, "whether I have already told your worship, but if I have, let
+me now repeat the intimation, that when you are inclined to take the
+shortest and easiest road to the inaccessible summit of the temple of
+fame, you have no more to do, but to leave on one side the path of
+poetry, which is pretty narrow, and follow that of knight-errantry,
+which, though the narrowest of all others, will conduct you to the
+throne of empire in the turning of a straw."
+
+
+Riches are able to solder abundance of flaws.
+
+Every sheep to its like.
+
+Let every goose a gander choose.
+
+
+AN ACCOUNT OF THE MARRIAGE OF CAMACHO THE RICH; AND ALSO THE ADVENTURE
+OF BASILIUS THE POOR.
+
+"Come with us, and you will see one of the greatest and richest weddings
+that has ever been celebrated in La Mancha, or for many leagues round."
+
+"The nuptials of some prince, I presume?" said Don Quixote.
+
+"No," replied the scholar, "only that of a farmer and a country maid: he
+the wealthiest in this part of the country, and she the most beautiful
+that eyes ever beheld. The preparations are very uncommon: for the
+wedding is to be celebrated in a meadow near the village where the bride
+lives, who is called Quiteria the Fair, and the bridegroom Camacho the
+Rich: she is about the age of eighteen, and he twenty-two, both equally
+matched, though some nice folks, who have all the pedigrees of the world
+in their heads, pretend that the family of Quiteria the Fair has the
+advantage over that of Camacho; but that is now little regarded, for
+riches are able to solder up abundance of flaws. In short, this same
+Camacho is as liberal as a prince; and, intending to be at some cost in
+this wedding, has taken it into his head to convert a whole meadow into
+a kind of arbor, shading it so that the sun itself will find some
+difficulty to visit the green grass beneath. He will also have
+morris-dances, both with swords and bells; for there are people in the
+village who jingle and clatter them with great dexterity. As to the
+number of shoe-clappers[10] invited, it is impossible to count them; but
+what will give the greatest interest to this wedding is the effect it
+is expected to have on the slighted Basilius.
+
+"This Basilius is a swain of the same village as Quiteria; his house is
+next to that of her parents, and separated only by a wall, whence Cupid
+took occasion to revive the ancient loves of Pyramus and Thisbe: for
+Basilius was in love with Quiteria from his childhood, and she returned
+his affection with a thousand modest favors, insomuch that the loves of
+the two children, Basilius and Quiteria, became the common talk of the
+village. When they were grown up, the father of Quiteria resolved to
+forbid Basilius the usual access to his family; and to relieve himself
+of all fears on his account, he determined to marry his daughter to the
+rich Camacho; not choosing to bestow her on Basilius, whose endowments
+are less the gifts of fortune than of nature: in truth he is the most
+active youth we know; a great pitcher of the bar, an excellent wrestler,
+a great player at cricket, runs like a buck, leaps like a wild goat, and
+plays at ninepins as if by witchcraft; sings like a lark, and touches a
+guitar delightfully and, above all, he handles a sword like the most
+skilful fencer."
+
+It now began to grow dark, and as they approached the village there
+appeared before them a new heaven, blazing with innumerable stars. At
+the same time they heard the sweet and mingled sounds of various
+instruments--such as flutes, tambourines, psalters, cymbals, drums, and
+bells; and, drawing still nearer, they perceived a spacious arbor,
+formed near the entrance into the town, hung round with lights that
+shone undisturbed by the breeze; for it was so calm that not a leaf was
+seen to move. The musicians, who are the life and joy of such festivals,
+paraded in bands up and down this delightful place, some dancing, others
+singing, and others playing upon different instruments: in short,
+nothing was there to be seen but mirth and pleasure. Several were
+employed in raising scaffolds, from which they might commodiously behold
+the shows and entertainments of the following day, that were to be
+dedicated to the nuptial ceremony of the rich Camacho and the obsequies
+of poor Basilius.
+
+If he is poor he cannot think to wed Quiteria. A pleasant fancy,
+forsooth, for a fellow who has not a groat in his pocket to look for a
+yoke-mate above the clouds. Faith, sir, in my opinion a poor man should
+be contented with what he finds, and not be seeking for truffles at the
+bottom of the sea.
+
+The first thing that presented itself to Sancho's sight was a whole
+bullock spitted upon a large elm. The fire it was roasted by was
+composed of a middling mountain of wood, and round it were placed six
+pots, not cast in common moulds; for they were half-jars, each
+containing a whole shamble of flesh; and entire sheep were sunk and
+swallowed up in them, as commodiously as if they were only so many
+pigeons. The hares ready cased, and the fowls ready plucked, that hung
+about upon the branches, in order to be buried in the caldrons, were
+without number. Infinite was the wild fowl and venison hanging about the
+trees, that the air might cool them. Sancho counted above threescore
+skins, each of above twenty-four quarts, and all, as appeared
+afterwards, full of generous wines.
+
+There were also piles of the whitest bread, arranged like heaps of wheat
+on the threshing-floor, and cheeses, piled up in the manner of bricks,
+formed a kind of wall. Two caldrons of oil, larger than dyers' vats,
+stood ready for frying all sorts of batter-ware; and, with a couple of
+stout peels, they shovelled them up when fried, and forthwith immersed
+them in a kettle of prepared honey that stood near. The men and women
+cooks were about fifty in number, all clean, all active, and all in good
+humor. In the bullock's distended belly were sewed up a dozen sucking
+pigs, to make it savory and tender. The spices of various kinds, which
+seemed to have been bought, not by the pound, but by the hundredweight,
+were deposited in a great chest, and open to every hand. In short the
+preparation for the wedding was all rustic, but in sufficient abundance
+to have feasted an army.
+
+Sancho beheld all with wonder and delight. The first that captivated and
+subdued his inclinations were the flesh-pots, out of which he would have
+been glad to have filled a moderate pipkin; next the wine-skins drew his
+affections; and lastly the products of the frying-pans--if such
+capacious vessels might be so called; and, being unable any longer to
+abstain, he ventured to approach one of the busy cooks, and in
+persuasive and hungry terms begged leave to sop a luncheon of bread in
+one of the pots.
+
+To which the cook answered, "This, friend, is not a day for hunger to be
+abroad--thanks to rich Camacho. Alight, and look about you for a ladle
+to skim out a fowl or two, and much good may they do you."
+
+"I see no ladle," answered Sancho.
+
+"Stay," said the cook. "Heaven save me, what a helpless varlet!" So
+saying, he laid hold of a kettle, and sousing it into one of the
+half-jars, he fished out three pullets and a couple of geese, and said
+to Sancho, "Eat, friend, and make your breakfast of this scum, to stay
+your stomach till dinner-time."
+
+"I have nothing to put it in," answered Sancho.
+
+"Then take ladle and all," quoth the cook; "for Camacho's riches and joy
+supply everything."
+
+While Sancho was thus employed, Don Quixote stood observing the entrance
+of a dozen peasants at one side of the spacious arbor, each mounted on a
+beautiful mare, in rich and gay caparisons, hung round with little
+bells. They were clad in holiday apparel, and in a regular troop made
+sundry careers about the meadow, with a joyful Moorish cry of "Long live
+Camacho and Quiteria! he as rich as she is fair, and she the fairest of
+the world!"
+
+Don Quixote hearing this, said to himself, "These people, it is plain,
+have never seen my Dulcinea del Toboso; otherwise they would have been
+less extravagant in the praise of their Quiteria."
+
+Soon after there entered, on different sides of the arbor, various sets
+of dancers, among which was one consisting of four-and-twenty
+sword-dancers; handsome, sprightly swains, all arrayed in fine white
+linen, and handkerchiefs wrought with several colors of fine silk. One
+of those mounted on horseback inquired of a young man who led the
+sword-dance, whether any of his comrades were hurt.
+
+"No," replied the youth; "thank Heaven, as yet we are all well;" and
+instantly he twined himself in among his companions with so many turns,
+and so dexterously, that though Don Quixote had often seen such dances
+before, none had ever pleased him so well. Another dance also delighted
+him much, performed by twelve damsels, young and beautiful, all clad in
+green stuff of Cuenza, having their hair partly plaited, and partly
+flowing, all of golden hue, rivalling the sun itself, and covered with
+garlands of jessamine, roses and woodbine. They were led up by a
+venerable old man and an ancient matron, to whom the occasion had given
+more agility than might have been expected from their years. A Zamora
+bagpipe regulated their motions, which being no less sprightly and
+graceful than their looks were modest and maidenly, more lovely dancers
+were never seen in the world.
+
+A pantomimic dance now succeeded, by eight nymphs, divided into two
+ranks--"Cupid" leading the one, and "Interest," the other; the former
+equipped with wings, bow, quiver, and arrows; the latter gorgeously
+apparelled with rich and variously colored silks, embroidered with gold.
+The nymphs in Cupid's band displayed their names, written in large
+letters on their backs. "Poetry" was the first: then succeeded
+"Discretion," "Good Lineage," and "Valor." The followers of "Interest"
+were "Liberality," "Bounty," "Wealth," and "Security." This band was
+preceded by a wooden castle, drawn by savages, clad so naturally in ivy
+and green cloth, coarse and shaggy, that Sancho was startled. On the
+front and sides of the edifice was written, "The Castle of Reserve."
+Four skilful musicians played on the tabor and pipe; Cupid began the
+dance, and after two movements, he raised his eyes, and bending his bow,
+pointed an arrow towards a damsel that stood on the battlements of the
+castle; at the same time addressing to her the following verses:--
+
+  CUPID'S ADDRESS.
+
+  I am the god whose power extends
+    Through the wide ocean, earth, and sky;
+  To my soft sway all nature bends,
+    Compelled by beauty to comply.
+
+  Fearless I rule, in calm and storm,
+    Indulge my pleasure to the full;
+  Things deemed impossible perform,
+    Bestow, resume, ordain, annul.
+
+Cupid, having finished his address, shot an arrow over the castle, and
+retired to his station; upon which Interest stepped forth, and after two
+similar movements, the music ceasing, he said:--
+
+  My power exceeds the might of love,
+    For Cupid bows to me alone;
+  Of all things framed by heaven above,
+    The most respected, sought, and known.
+
+  My name is Interest; mine aid
+    But few obtain, though all desire:
+  Yet shall thy virtue, beauteous maid,
+    My constant services acquire.
+
+Interest then withdrew, and Poetry advanced; and, fixing her eyes on the
+damsel of the castle, she said:--
+
+  Let Poetry, whose strain divine
+    The wondrous power of song displays,
+  Her heart to thee, fair nymph, consign,
+    Transported in melodious lays:
+
+  If haply thou wilt not refuse
+    To grant my supplicated boon,
+  Thy fame shall, wafted by the muse,
+    Surmount the circle of the moon.
+
+Poetry having retired from the side of Interest, Liberality advanced;
+and, after making her movements, said:--
+
+  My name is Liberality,
+    Alike beneficent and wise,
+  To shun wild prodigality,
+    And sordid avarice despise.
+  Yet, for thy favor lavish grown,
+    A prodigal I mean to prove;
+  An honorable vice I own,
+    But giving is the test of love.
+
+In this manner all the figures of the two parties advanced and
+retreated, and each made its movements and recited its verses, some
+elegant, and some ridiculous of which Don Quixote, who had a very good
+memory, treasured up the foregoing only.
+
+
+The bridal pair proceeded towards a theatre on one side of the arbor,
+decorated with tapestry and garlands, where the nuptial ceremony was to
+be performed, and whence they were to view the dances and shows
+prepared for the occasion. Immediately on their arrival at that place, a
+loud noise was heard at a distance, amidst which a voice was
+distinguished calling aloud, "Hold a little, rash and thoughtless
+people!" On turning their heads they saw that these words were uttered
+by a man who was advancing towards them, clad in a black doublet, welted
+with flaming crimson. He was crowned with a garland of mournful cypress,
+and held in his hand a large truncheon; and, as he drew near, all
+recognized the gallant Basilius, and waited in fearful expectation of
+some disastrous result from this unseasonable visit.
+
+At length he came up, tired and out of breath, and placed himself just
+before the betrothed couple; then, pressing his staff, which was pointed
+with steel, into the ground, he fixed his eyes on Quiteria, and in a
+broken and tremulous voice thus addressed her: "Ah, false and forgetful
+Quiteria, well thou knowest that, by the laws of our holy religion, thou
+canst not marry another man whilst I am living; neither art thou
+ignorant that, while waiting till time and mine own industry should
+improve my fortune, I have never failed in the respect due to thy honor.
+But thou hast cast aside every obligation due to my lawful love, and art
+going to make another man master of what is mine: a man who is not only
+enriched, but rendered eminently happy by his wealth; and, in obedience
+to the will of Heaven, the only impediment to his supreme felicity I
+will remove, by withdrawing this wretched being. Long live the rich
+Camacho with the ungrateful Quiteria! Long and happily may they live,
+and let poor Basilius die, who would have risen to good fortune had not
+poverty clipped his wings and laid him in an early grave!"
+
+So saying, he plucked his staff from the ground, and, drawing out a
+short tuck, to which it had served as a scabbard, he fixed what might be
+called the hilt into the ground, and, with a nimble spring and resolute
+air, he threw himself on the point, which, instantly appearing at his
+back, the poor wretch lay stretched on the ground, pierced through and
+through, and weltering in his blood.
+
+His friends, struck with horror and grief, rushed forward to help him,
+and Don Quixote, dismounting, hastened also to lend his aid, and taking
+the dying man in his arms, found that he was still alive. They would
+have drawn out the tuck, but the priest who was present thought that it
+should not be done till he had made his confession; as, the moment it
+was taken out of his body he would certainly expire. But Basilius, not
+having quite lost the power of utterance, in a faint and doleful voice
+said: "If, cruel Quiteria, in this my last and fatal agony, thou wouldst
+give me thy hand, as my spouse, I should hope my rashness might find
+pardon in heaven, since it procured me the blessing of being thine."
+Upon which the priest advised him to attend rather to the salvation of
+his soul than to his bodily appetites, and seriously implore pardon of
+God for his sins, especially for this last desperate action. Basilius
+replied that he could not make any confession till Quiteria had given
+him her hand in marriage as that would be a solace to his mind, and
+enable him to confess his sins.
+
+Don Quixote, hearing the wounded man's request, said, in a loud voice,
+that Basilius had made a very just and reasonable request, and,
+moreover, a very practicable one; and that it would be equally honorable
+for Signor Camacho to take Quiteria, a widow of the brave Basilius, as
+if he received her at her father's hand; nothing being required but the
+simple word, "Yes," which could be of no consequence, since, in these
+espousals, the nuptial bed must be the grave. Camacho heard all this,
+and was perplexed and undecided what to do or say; but so much was he
+importuned by the friends of Basilius to permit Quiteria to give him her
+hand, and thereby save his soul from perdition, that they at length
+moved, nay forced him to say that if it pleased Quiteria to give it to
+him, he should not object, since it was only delaying for a moment the
+accomplishment of his wishes. They all immediately applied to Quiteria,
+and, with entreaties, tears, and persuasive arguments, pressed and
+importuned her to give her hand to Basilius; but she, harder than
+marble, and more immovable than a statue, returned no answer, until the
+priest told her that she must decide promptly, as the soul of Basilius
+was already between his teeth, and there was no time for hesitation.
+
+Then the beautiful Quiteria, in silence, and to all appearance troubled
+and sad, approached Basilius, whose eyes were already turned in his
+head, and he breathed short and quick, muttering the name of Quiteria,
+and giving tokens of dying more like a heathen than a Christian. At
+last Quiteria, kneeling down by him, made signs to him for his hand.
+Basilius unclosed his eyes, and fixing them steadfastly upon her, said
+"O Quiteria! thou relentest at a time when thy pity is a sword to put a
+final period to this wretched life; for now I have not strength to bear
+the glory thou conferrest upon me in making me thine, nor will it
+suspend the pain which shortly will veil my eyes with the dreadful
+shadow of death. What I beg of thee, O fatal star of mine! is that thou
+give not thy hand out of compliment, or again to deceive me, but to
+declare that thou bestowest it upon me as thy lawful husband, without
+any compulsion on thy will--for it would be cruel in this extremity to
+deal falsely or impose on him who has been so true to thee."
+
+Here he fainted, and the bystanders thought his soul was just departing.
+Quiteria, all modesty and bashfulness, taking Basilius's right hand in
+hers, said: "No force would be sufficient to bias my will; and
+therefore, with all the freedom I have, I give thee my hand to be thy
+lawful wife, and receive thine, if it be as freely given, and if the
+anguish caused by thy rash act doth not trouble and prevent thee."
+
+"Yes, I give it thee," answered Basilius, "neither discomposed nor
+confused, but with the clearest understanding that Heaven was ever
+pleased to bestow on me; and so I give and engage myself to be thy
+husband."
+
+"And I to be thy wife," answered Quiteria, "whether thou livest many
+years, or art carried from my arms to the grave."
+
+"For one so much wounded," observed Sancho, "this young man talks a
+great deal. Advise him to leave off his courtship and mind the business
+of his soul; though to my thinking he has it more on his tongue than
+between his teeth."
+
+Basilius and Quiteria being thus, with hands joined, the tender-hearted
+priest, with tears in his eyes, pronounced the benediction upon them,
+and prayed to Heaven for the repose of the bridegroom's soul; who, as
+soon as he had received the benediction, suddenly started up, and nimbly
+drew out the tuck which was sheathed in his body. All the spectators
+were astonished, and some more simple than the rest cried out "A
+miracle, a miracle!" But Basilius replied, "no miracle, no miracle, but
+a stratagem, a stratagem!"
+
+The priest, astonished and confounded, ran to feel, with both his hands,
+the wound, and found that the sword had passed, not through Basilius's
+flesh and ribs, but through a hollow iron pipe, cunningly fitted to the
+place, and filled with blood, so prepared as not to congeal. In short,
+the priests, Camacho, and the rest of the spectators, found they were
+imposed upon, and completely duped. The bride showed no signs of regret
+at the artifice: on the contrary, hearing it said the marriage, as being
+fraudulent, was not valid, she said that she confirmed it anew; it was,
+therefore, generally supposed that the matter had been concerted with
+the privity and concurrence of both parties; which so enraged Camacho
+and his friends that they immediately had recourse to vengeance, and
+unsheathing abundance of swords they fell upon Basilius, in whose
+behalf as many more were instantly drawn, and Don Quixote, leading the
+van on horseback, his lance upon his arm, and well covered with his
+shield, made them all give way.
+
+Don Quixote cried aloud, "Hold, sirs, hold! It is not right to avenge
+the injuries committed against us by love. Remember that the arts of
+warfare and courtship are in some points alike; in war, stratagems are
+lawful, so likewise are they in the conflicts and rivalships of love, if
+the means employed be not dishonorable. Quiteria and Basilius were
+destined for each other by the just and favoring will of Heaven. Camacho
+is rich, and may purchase his pleasure when, where and how he pleases.
+Basilius has but this one ewe-lamb; and no one, however powerful, has a
+right to take it from him; for those whom God hath joined let no man
+sunder, and whoever shall attempt it must first pass the point of this
+lance." Then he brandished it with such vigor and dexterity that he
+struck terror into all those who did not know him.
+
+Quiteria's disdain made such an impression upon Camacho, that he
+instantly banished her from his heart. The persuasions, therefore, of
+the priest, who was a prudent, well-meaning man, had their effect;
+Camacho and his party sheathed their weapons and remained satisfied,
+blaming rather the fickleness of Quiteria than the cunning of Basilius.
+With much reason Camacho thought within himself that if Quiteria loved
+Basilius when a virgin, she would love him also when married, and that
+he had more cause to thank Heaven for so fortunate an escape than to
+repine at the loss he had sustained. The disappointed bridegroom and
+his followers, being thus consoled and appeased, those of Basilius were
+so likewise; and the rich Camacho, to show that his mind was free from
+resentment, would have the diversions and entertainments go on as if
+they had been really married. The happy pair, however, not choosing to
+share in them, retired to their own dwelling, accompanied by their
+joyful adherents; for, if the rich man can draw after him attendants and
+flatterers, the poor man who is virtuous and deserving is followed by
+friends who honor and support him.
+
+Don Quixote joined the party of Basilius, having been invited by them as
+a person of worth and bravery; while Sancho, finding it impossible to
+remain and share the relishing delights of Camacho's festival, which
+continued till night, with a heavy heart accompanied his master, leaving
+behind the flesh-pots of Egypt, the skimmings of which, though now
+almost consumed, still reminded him of the glorious abundance he had
+lost.
+
+"If love only were to be considered," said Don Quixote, "parents would
+no longer have the privilege of judiciously matching their children.
+Were daughters left to choose for themselves, there are those who would
+prefer their father's serving-man, or throw themselves away on some
+fellow they might chance to see in the street, mistaking, perhaps, an
+impostor and swaggering poltroon for a gentleman, since passion too
+easily blinds the understanding, so indispensably necessary in deciding
+on that most important point, matrimony, which is peculiarly exposed to
+the danger of a mistake, and therefore needs all the caution that human
+prudence can supply, aided by the particular favor of Heaven. A person
+who proposes to take a long journey, if he is prudent, before he sets
+forward will look out for some safe and agreeable companion; and should
+not he who undertakes a journey for life use the same precaution,
+especially as his fellow-traveller is to be his companion at bed and
+board and in all other situations? The wife is not a commodity which,
+when once bought, you can exchange or return; the marriage bargain, once
+struck, is irrevocable. It is a noose which, once thrown about the neck,
+turns to a Gordian knot, and cannot be unloosed till cut asunder by the
+scythe of death."
+
+
+  By the streets of "by-and-by" one arrives at the house of
+  "never."
+
+  God who gives the wound sends the cure.
+
+  Nobody knows what is to come. A great many hours come in
+  between this and to-morrow; and in one hour, yea, in one
+  minute, down falls the house. I have seen rain and sunshine
+  at the same moment. A man may go to bed well at night and
+  not be able to stir next morning: and tell me who can boast
+  of having driven a nail in fortune's wheel?
+
+  Between the yes and no of a woman I would not undertake to
+  thrust the point of a pin.
+
+"Love, as I have heard say, wears spectacles, through which copper looks
+like gold, rags like rich apparel, and specks in the eye like pearls."
+
+"A curse on thee, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "what wouldst thou be at?
+When once thy stringing of proverbs begins, Judas alone--I wish he had
+thee!--can have patience to the end. Tell me, animal! what knowest thou
+of nails and wheels, or of anything else?"
+
+"Oh, if I am not understood," replied Sancho, "no wonder that what I say
+passes for nonsense. But no matter for that,--I understand myself.
+Neither have I said many foolish things, only your worship is such a
+cricket."
+
+"Critic, not cricket, fool! thou corrupter of good language!" said the
+knight.
+
+"Pray, sir, do not be so sharp upon me," answered Sancho, "for I was not
+bred at court nor studied in Salamanca, to know whether my words have a
+letter short or one too many. As Heaven shall save me, it is
+unreasonable to expect that beggarly Sayagnes should talk like Toledans;
+nay, even some of them are not over-nicely spoken."
+
+  Purity, propriety, and elegance of style will always be
+  found among polite, well-bred, and sensible men.
+
+  I have heard it said of your fencers that they can thrust
+  you the point of a sword through the eye of a needle.
+
+O happy thou above all that live on the face of the earth, who, neither
+envying nor envied, canst take thy needful rest with tranquillity of
+soul, neither persecuted by enchanters nor affrighted by their
+machinations! Sleep on! a hundred times I say, sleep on! No jealousies
+on thy lady's account keep thee in perpetual watchings, nor do anxious
+thoughts of debts unpaid awake thee; nor care how on the morrow thou and
+thy little straitened family shall be provided for. Ambition disquiets
+thee not, nor does the vain pomp of the world disturb thee; for thy
+chief concern is the care of thy ass, since to me is committed the
+comfort and protection of thine own person,--a burden imposed on the
+master by nature and custom. The servant sleeps, and the master lies
+awake considering how he is to maintain, assist, and do him kindness.
+The pain of seeing the heavens obdurate in withholding the moisture
+necessary to refresh the earth touches only the master, who is bound to
+provide in times of sterility and famine for those who served him in the
+season of fertility and abundance.
+
+
+  So much thou art worth as thou hast, and so much thou hast
+  as thou art worth.
+
+  There are only two families in the world,--the have
+  somethings and the have nothings. Nowadays we are apt to
+  feel more often the pulse of property than of wisdom.
+
+  An ass with golden trappings makes a better appearance than
+  a horse with a pack-saddle.
+
+
+"That ought not to be called deception which aims at a virtuous end,"
+said Don Quixote; "and no end is more excellent than the marriage of
+true lovers; though love," added he, "has its enemies, and none greater
+than hunger and poverty, for love is all gayety, joy, and content."
+
+
+SANCHO PANZA ON DEATH.
+
+"In good sooth, signor," said the squire, "there is no trusting to Mrs.
+Ghostly, I mean Death, who gobbles up the gosling as well as the goose;
+and, as I have heard our curate observe, tramples down the lofty turrets
+of the prince as well as the lowly cottage of the swain. That same lady,
+who is more powerful than coy, knows not what it is to be dainty and
+squeamish; but eats of everything, and crams her wallet with people of
+all nations, degrees, and conditions; she is none of your laborers that
+take their afternoon's nap, but mows at all hours, cutting down the dry
+stubble as well as the green grass; nor does she seem to chew, but
+rather swallows and devours everything that falls in her way; for she is
+gnawed by a dog's hunger that is never satisfied; and though she has no
+belly, plainly shows herself dropsical, and so thirsty as to drink up
+the lives of all the people upon earth, just as one would swallow a
+draught of cool water."
+
+"Enough, friend Sancho," cried the knight, interrupting him in this
+place; "keep thyself well, now thou art in order, and beware of
+stumbling again; for really a good preacher could not speak more to the
+purpose than thou hast spoken upon Death, in thy rustic manner of
+expression; I say unto thee, Sancho, if thy discretion were equal to thy
+natural parts, thou mightest ascend the pulpit, and go about teaching
+and preaching to admiration."
+
+"He is a good preacher who is a good liver," answered Panza, "and that
+is all the divinity I know."
+
+"And that is sufficient," said the knight; "yet I shall never understand
+or comprehend, as the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom, how thou,
+who art more afraid of a lizard than of thy Maker, should be so wise?"
+
+"Signor," replied Sancho, "I desire your worship would determine in your
+own affairs of chivalry, without taking the trouble to judge of other
+people's valor or fears; for my own part, I am as pretty a fearer of God
+as one would desire to see in any neighbor's child; wherefore, I beseech
+your worship, let me discuss this same scum; for everything else is idle
+chat, of which we shall be able to give a bad account in the other
+world."
+
+"The poor man of honor (if a poor man can deserve that title) possesses,
+in a beautiful wife, a jewel; and when that is taken away, he is
+deprived of his honor, which is murdered; a beautiful and chaste woman,
+whose husband is poor, deserves to be crowned with laurel and palms of
+triumph; for beauty alone attracts the inclinations of those who behold
+it; just as the royal eagle and soaring hawk stoop to the savory lure;
+but if that beauty is incumbered by poverty and want, it is likewise
+attacked by ravens, kites, and other birds of prey; and if she who
+possesses it firmly withstands all these assaults, she well deserves to
+be called the crown of her husband.
+
+"Take notice, dearest Basilius," added the knight, "it was the opinion
+of a certain sage, that there was but one good wife in the whole world;
+and he advised every husband to believe she had fallen to his share, and
+accordingly be satisfied with his lot. I myself am not married, nor
+hitherto have I entertained the least thought of changing my condition;
+nevertheless, I will venture to advise him who asks my advice, in such a
+manner, that he may find a woman to his wish; in the first place, I
+would exhort him to pay more regard to reputation than to fortune; for a
+virtuous woman does not acquire a good name merely by being virtuous;
+she must likewise maintain the exteriors of deportment, for the honor of
+the sex suffers much more from levity and freedom of behavior in public,
+than from any private misdeeds. If thou bringest a good woman to thy
+house, it will be an easy task to preserve and even improve her virtue;
+but, shouldst thou choose a wife of a different character, it will cost
+thee abundance of pains to mend her; for it is not very practicable to
+pass from one extreme to another; I do not say it is altogether
+impossible, though I hold it for a matter of much difficulty."
+
+
+  The ox that is loose is best licked.
+
+
+Sancho, who had been attentive to the student's discourse, said: "Tell
+me, sir--so may heaven send you good luck with your books--can you
+resolve me--but I know you can, since you know every thing--who was the
+first man that scratched his head? I for my part am of opinion it must
+have been our father Adam."
+
+"Certainly," answered the scholar; "for there is no doubt but Adam had a
+head and hair; and, this being granted, he, being the first man in the
+world, must needs have been the first who scratched his head."
+
+"That is what I think," said Sancho; "but tell me now, who was the first
+tumbler in the world?"
+
+"Truly, brother," answered the scholar, "I cannot determine that point
+till I have given it some consideration, which I will surely do when I
+return to my books, and will satisfy you when we see each other again,
+for I hope this will not be the last time."
+
+"Look ye, sir," replied Sancho, "be at no trouble about the matter, for
+I have already hit upon the answer to my question. Know, then, that the
+first tumbler was Lucifer, when he was cast or thrown headlong from
+heaven, and came tumbling down to the lowest abyss."
+
+"Sancho," quoth Don Quixote, "thou hast said more than thou art aware
+of; for some there are who bestow much labor in examining and explaining
+things which when known are not worth recollecting."
+
+
+  I am thoroughly satisfied that all the pleasures of this
+  life pass away like a shadow or dream, or fade like a flower
+  of the field.
+
+  Patience, and shuffle the cards.
+
+  We are all bound to respect the aged.
+
+  Tell me thy company and I will tell thee what thou art.
+
+  Whatever is uncommon appears impossible.
+
+
+THE BRAYING ALDERMEN.
+
+"You must know, gentlemen, that in a town four leagues and a half from
+this place, a certain alderman happened to lose his ass, all through the
+artful contrivance (too long to be told) of a wench his maid-servant;
+and though he tried every means to recover his beast, it was to no
+purpose. Fifteen days passed, as public fame reports, after the ass was
+missing, and while the unlucky alderman was standing in the
+market-place, another alderman of the same town came up to him, and
+said, 'Pay me for my good news, gossip, for your ass has made its
+appearance.'
+
+"'Most willingly, neighbor,' answered the other; 'but tell me--where has
+he been seen?'
+
+"'On the mountain,' answered the other; 'I saw him there this morning,
+with no panel or furniture upon him of any kind, and so lank that it was
+grievous to behold him. I would have driven him before me and brought
+him to you, but he is already become so shy that when I went near him he
+took to his heels and fled to a distance from me. Now, if you like it we
+will both go seek him; but first let me put up this of mine at home, and
+I will return instantly.'
+
+"'You will do me a great favor,' said the owner of the lost ass, 'and I
+shall be happy at any time to do as much for you.'
+
+"In short the two aldermen, hand in hand and side by side, trudged
+together up the hill; and on coming to the place where they expected to
+find the ass, they found him not, nor was he anywhere to be seen, though
+they made diligent search. Being thus disappointed, the alderman who had
+seen him said to the other, 'Hark you, friend, I have thought of a
+stratagem by which we shall certainly discover this animal, even though
+he had crept into the bowels of the earth, instead of the mountain; and
+it is this: I can bray marvellously well, and if you can do a little in
+that way the business is done.'
+
+"'A little, say you, neighbor?' quoth the other, 'before Heaven, in
+braying I yield to none--no, not to asses themselves.'
+
+"'We shall soon see that,' answered the second alderman; 'go you on one
+side of the mountain, while I take the other, and let us walk round it,
+and every now and then you shall bray, and I will bray; and the ass will
+certainly hear and answer us, if he still remains in these parts.'
+'Verily, neighbor, your device is excellent, and worthy your good
+parts,' said the owner of the ass.
+
+"They then separated, according to agreement, and both began braying at
+the same instant, with such marvellous truth of imitation that, mutually
+deceived, each ran towards the other, not doubting but that the ass was
+found; and, on meeting, the loser said, 'Is it possible, friend, that it
+was not my ass that brayed?'
+
+"'No, it was I,' answered the other.
+
+"'I declare, then,' said the owner, 'that, as far as regards braying,
+there is not the least difference between you and an ass; for in my life
+I never heard anything more natural.'
+
+"'These praises and compliments,' answered the author of the stratagem,
+'belong rather to you than to me, friend; for by Him that made me, you
+could give the odds of two brays to the greatest and most skilful brayer
+in the world; for your tones are rich, your time correct, your notes
+well sustained, and cadences abrupt and beautiful; in short, I own
+myself vanquished, and yield to you the palm in this rare talent.'
+
+"'Truly,' answered the ass owner, 'I shall value and esteem myself the
+more henceforth, since I am not without some endowment. It is true, I
+fancy that I brayed indifferently well, yet never flattered myself that
+I excelled so much as you are pleased to say.'
+
+"'I tell you,' answered the second, 'there are rare abilities often lost
+to the world, and they are ill-bestowed on those who know not how to
+employ them to advantage.'
+
+"'Right, brother,' quoth the owner, 'though, except in cases like the
+present, ours may not turn to much account; and even in this business,
+Heaven grant it may prove of service.'
+
+"This said, they separated again, to resume their braying; and each time
+were deceived as before, and met again, till they at length agreed, as a
+signal, to distinguish their own voices from that of the ass, that they
+should bray twice together, one immediately after the other. Thus,
+doubling their brayings, they made the tour of the whole mountain,
+without having any answer from the stray ass, not even by signs. How,
+indeed, could the poor creature answer, whom at last they found in a
+thicket, half devoured by wolves? On seeing the body, the owner said,
+'Truly, I wondered at his silence; for, had he not been dead, he
+certainly would have answered us, or he were no true ass; nevertheless,
+neighbor, though I have found him dead, my trouble in the search has
+been well repaid in listening to your exquisite braying.'
+
+"'It is in good hands, friend,' answered the other; 'for if the abbot
+sings well, the novice comes not far behind him.'
+
+"Hereupon they returned home hoarse and disconsolate, and told their
+friends and neighbors all that had happened to them in their search
+after the ass; each of them extolling the other for his excellence in
+braying. The story spread all over the adjacent villages, and the devil,
+who sleeps not, as he loves to sow discord wherever he can, raising a
+bustle in the wind, and mischief out of nothing, so ordered it that all
+the neighboring villagers, at the sight of any of our towns-people,
+would immediately begin to bray, as it were hitting us in the teeth with
+the notable talent of our aldermen. The boys fell to it, which was the
+same as falling into the hands and mouths of a legion of devils; and
+thus braying spread far and wide, insomuch that the natives of the town
+of Bray are as well known and distinguished as the negroes are from
+white men. And this unhappy jest has been carried so far that our people
+have often sallied out in arms against their scoffers, and given them
+battle: neither king nor rook, nor fear nor shame, being able to
+restrain them. Tomorrow, I believe, or next day, those of our town will
+take the field against the people of another village about two leagues
+from us, being one of those which persecute us most: and I have brought
+the lances and halberds which you saw, that we may be well prepared for
+them."
+
+
+  The hypocrite who cloaks his knavery is less dangerous to
+  the commonwealth than he who transgresses in the face of
+  day.
+
+  He who only wears the garb of piety does less harm than the
+  professed sinner.
+
+  I had rather serve the king in his wars abroad, than be the
+  lackey of any beggarly courtier at home.
+
+  There is nothing more honorable, next to the service which
+  you owe to God, than to serve your king and natural lord,
+  especially in the profession of arms, which, if less
+  profitable than learning, far exceeds it in glory. More
+  great families, it is true, have been established by
+  learning, yet there is in the martial character a certain
+  splendor, which seems to exalt it far above all other
+  pursuits. But allow me, sir, to offer you a piece of advice,
+  which, believe me, you will find worth your attention. Never
+  suffer your mind to dwell on the adverse events of your
+  life; for the worst that can befall you is death, and when
+  attended with honor there is no event so glorious. Julius
+  Caesar, that valorous Roman, being asked which was the kind
+  of death to be preferred, "That," said he, "which is sudden
+  and unforeseen!"
+
+  Though he answered like a heathen, who knew not the true
+  God, yet, considering human infirmity, it was well said.
+  For, supposing you should be cut off in the very first
+  encounter, either by cannon-shot or the springing of a mine,
+  what does it signify? it is but dying, which is inevitable,
+  and, being over, there it ends. Terence observes that the
+  corpse of a man who is slain in battle looks better than the
+  living soldier who has saved himself by flight; and the good
+  soldier rises in estimation according to the measure of his
+  obedience to those who command him. Observe, moreover, my
+  son, that a soldier had better smell of gunpowder than of
+  musk; and if old age overtakes you in this noble profession,
+  though lame and maimed, and covered with wounds, it will
+  find you also covered with honor; and of such honor as
+  poverty itself cannot deprive you. From poverty, indeed, you
+  are secure; for care is now taken that veteran and disabled
+  soldiers shall not be exposed to want, nor be treated as
+  many do their negro slaves, when old and past service,
+  turning them out of their houses, and, under pretence of
+  giving them freedom, leave them slaves to hunger, from which
+  they can have no relief but in death.
+
+  There are often rare abilities lost to the world that are
+  but ill-bestowed on those who do not know how to employ them
+  to advantage.
+
+  Who reads and travels much, sees and learns much.
+
+  It is the prerogative of God alone to truly comprehend all
+  things. To Him there is nothing past or future. Everything
+  is present.
+
+  There is nothing that Time, the discoverer of all things,
+  will not bring to light, even though it be hidden in the
+  bowels of the earth.
+
+  Length begets loathing.
+
+  Heaven is merciful, and sends relief in the greatest
+  distress.
+
+  Affectation is the devil.
+
+  Heaven help every one to what is their just due, but let us
+  have plain dealing.
+
+  When choler once is born,
+  The tongue all curb doth scorn.
+
+  When a brave man flies, he must have discovered foul play.
+
+  To retire is not to fly. The valor which has not prudence
+  for its basis is termed rashness, and the successful
+  exploits of the rash are rather to be ascribed to good
+  fortune than to courage.
+
+  Other men's pains are easily borne.
+
+  He who errs and mends, Himself to Heaven commends.
+
+  Those who sin and kiss the rod, Find favor in the sight of
+  God.
+
+  If you obey the commands of your lord, You may sit as a
+  guest at his board.
+
+  In this world there is nothing but plots and counter-plots,
+  mines and countermines.
+
+  A good paymaster needs no surety; and where there is plenty,
+  dinner is soon dressed.
+
+  Often the hare starts where she is least expected.
+
+  I have heard it said that the power called Nature is like a
+  potter, who, if he can make one beautiful vessel, can in
+  like manner make two, three, ay, and a hundred.
+
+  Wit and gay conceits proceed not from dull heads.
+
+  Every man must speak of his wants wherever he may be.
+
+  Modesty is as becoming a knight-errant as courage.
+
+  The master is respected in proportion to the discretion and
+  good breeding of his servants.
+
+  Who sets up for a talker and a wit, sinks at the first trip
+  into a contemptible buffoon.
+
+  The weapons of gownsmen, like those of women, are their
+  tongues.
+
+  Keep company with the good, and you will be one of them.
+
+  Not where you were born, but where you were bred.
+
+  Well sheltered shall he be
+  Who leans against a sturdy tree.
+
+  An affront must come from a person who not only gives it,
+  but who can maintain it when it is given; an injury may come
+  from any hand.
+
+  He who can receive no affront can give none.
+
+  One must live long to see much.
+
+  He who lives long; must suffer much.
+
+  To deprive a knight-errant of his mistress is to rob him of
+  the eyes with which he sees, the sun by which he is
+  enlightened, and the support by which he is maintained. I
+  have many times said, and now I repeat the observation, that
+  a knight-errant without a mistress is like a tree without
+  leaves, a building without cement, and a shadow without the
+  substance by which it is produced.
+
+  Possessing beauty without blemish, dignity without pride,
+  love with modesty, politeness springing from courtesy, and
+  courtesy from good breeding, and, finally, of illustrious
+  descent: for the beauty that is of a noble race shines with
+  more splendor than that which is meanly born.
+
+  Virtue ennobles blood, and a virtuous person of humble birth
+  is more estimable than a vicious person of rank.
+
+  I must inform your graces that Sancho Panza is one of the
+  most pleasant squires that ever served a knight-errant.
+  Sometimes his simplicity is so arch, that to consider
+  whether he is more fool or wag yields abundance of pleasure.
+  He has roguery enough to pass for a knave, and absurdities
+  sufficient to confirm him a fool. He doubts everything and
+  believes everything; and often, when I think he is going to
+  discharge nonsense, he will utter apothegms that will raise
+  him to the skies. In a word, I would not exchange him for
+  any other squire, even with a city to boot; and therefore I
+  am in doubt whether or not it will be expedient to send him
+  to that government which your grace has been so good as to
+  bestow upon him, although I can perceive in him a certain
+  aptitude for such an office; so that, when his understanding
+  is a very little polished, he will agree with any
+  government, like the king with his customs; for we know by
+  repeated experience that great talents and learning are not
+  necessary in a governor, as there are a hundred at least who
+  govern like gerfalcons, though they can hardly read their
+  mother tongue. Provided their intention is righteous and
+  their desire to do justice, they will never want counsellors
+  to direct them in every transaction, like your military
+  governors, who being illiterate themselves, never decide
+  without the advice of an assessor. I shall advise him
+  corruption to eschew, but never quit his due, and inculcate
+  some other small matters that are in my head, which, in
+  process of time, may redound to his own interest as well as
+  to the advantage of the island under his command.
+
+  The customs of countries, or of great men's houses, are good
+  as far as they are agreeable.
+
+"Faith, madam," quoth Sancho, "that same scruple is an honest scruple,
+and need not speak in a whisper, but plain out, or as it lists; for I
+know it says true, and had I been wise, I should long since have left my
+master but such is my lot, or such my evil-errantry, I cannot help
+it,--follow him I must. We are both of the same town; I have eaten his
+bread; I love him, and he returns my love; he gave me his ass-colts.
+Above all, I am faithful, so that nothing in the world, can part us but
+the sexton's spade and shovel; and if your highness does not choose to
+give me the government you promised, God made me without it, and perhaps
+it may be all the better for my conscience if I do not get it; for fool
+as I am, I understand the proverb, 'The pismire had wings to her
+sorrow;' and perhaps it may be easier for Sancho the squire to get to
+heaven than for Sancho the governor. They make as good bread here as in
+France, and by night all cats are gray. Unhappy is he who has not
+breakfasted at three, and no stomach is a span bigger than another, and
+may be filled as they say, with straw or with hay.
+
+"Of the little birds in the air, God himself takes the care; and four
+yards of coarse cloth of Cuenza are warmer than as many of fine Segovia
+serge; and in travelling from this world to the next, the road is no
+wider for the prince than the peasant. The Pope's body takes up no more
+room than that of the sexton, though a loftier person, for in the grave
+we must pack close together whether we like it or not; so good-night to
+all.
+
+"And let me tell you again that if your highness will not give me the
+island because I am a fool, I will be wise enough not to care a fig for
+it. I have heard say the devil lurks behind the cross; all is not gold
+that glitters. From the plough-tail Bamba was raised to the throne of
+Spain, and from his riches and revels was Roderigo cast down to be
+devoured by serpents, if ancient ballads tell the truth."
+
+
+  None shall dare the loaf to steal
+  From him that sifts and kneads the meal.
+
+  An old dog is not to be coaxed with a crust.
+
+  No man is ever a scholar at his birth, and bishops are made
+  of men, not of stones.
+
+  There is a Judge in heaven who knows the heart.
+
+  A good name is better than tons of gold.
+
+
+"And you, Signor Panza, be quiet and leave the care of making much of
+Dapple to me; for being a jewel of Sancho's, I will lay him upon the
+apple of my eye."
+
+"Let him lie in the stable, my good lady," answered Sancho, "for upon
+the apple of your grandeur's eye neither he nor I are worthy to lie one
+single moment,--'slife! they should stick me like a sheep sooner than I
+would consent to such a thing; for though my master says that, in
+respect to good manners, we should rather lose the game by a card too
+much than too little, yet, when the business in hand is about asses and
+eyes, we should step warily, with compass in hand."
+
+"Carry him, Sancho," quoth the Duchess, "to your government, and there
+you may regale him as you please, and set him free from further labor."
+
+"Think not, my lady Duchess," quoth Sancho, "that you have said much,
+for I have seen more asses than one go to governments, and therefore, if
+I should carry mine, it would be nothing new."
+
+
+SANCHO'S PLIGHT.
+
+The Duke and Duchess were extremely diverted with the humors of their
+two guests; and resolving to improve their sport by practising some
+pleasantries that should have the appearance of a romantic adventure,
+they contrived to dress up a very choice entertainment from Don
+Quixote's account of the Cave of Montesinos, taking that subject
+because the Duchess had observed with astonishment that Sancho now
+believed his lady Dulcinea was really enchanted, although he himself had
+been her sole enchanter! Accordingly, after the servants had been well
+instructed as to their deportment towards Don Quixote, a boar-hunt was
+proposed, and it was determined to set out in five or six days with a
+princely train of huntsmen. The knight was presented with a hunting suit
+proper for the occasion, which, however, he declined, saying that he
+must soon return to the severe duties of his profession, when, having no
+sumpters nor wardrobes, such things would be superfluous. But Sancho
+readily accepted a suit of fine green cloth which was offered to him,
+intending to sell it the first opportunity.
+
+The appointed day being come, Don Quixote armed himself, and Sancho in
+his new suit mounted Dapple (which he preferred to a horse that was
+offered him) and joined the troop of hunters. The Duchess issued forth
+magnificently attired, and Don Quixote, out of pure politeness, would
+hold the reins of the palfrey, though the Duke was unwilling to allow
+it. Having arrived at the proposed scene of their diversion, which was
+in a wood between two lofty mountains, they posted themselves in places
+where the toils were to be pitched; and all the party having taken their
+different stations, the sport began with prodigious noise and clamor,
+insomuch that between the shouts of the huntsmen, the cry of the hounds,
+and the sound of the horns, they could not hear each other.
+
+The Duchess alighted, and with a boar-spear in her hand, took her stand
+in a place where she expected the boars would pass. The Duke and Don
+Quixote dismounted also, and placed themselves by her side; while Sancho
+took his station behind them all, with his Dapple, whom he would not
+quit, lest some mischance should befall him. Scarcely had they ranged
+themselves in order when a hideous boar of monstrous size rushed out of
+cover, pursued by the dogs and hunters, and made directly towards them,
+gnashing his teeth and tossing foam with his mouth.
+
+Don Quixote, on seeing him approach, braced his shield, and drawing his
+sword, stepped before the rest to meet him. The Duke joined him with his
+boar-spear, and the Duchess would have been the foremost had not the
+Duke prevented her. Sancho alone stood aghast, and at the sight of the
+fierce animal, leaving even his Dapple, ran in terror towards a lofty
+oak, in which he hoped to be secure; but his hopes were in vain, for, as
+he was struggling to reach the top, and had got half-way up,
+unfortunately a branch to which he clung, gave way, and falling with it,
+he was caught by the stump of another, and here left suspended in the
+air, so that he could neither get up nor down.
+
+Finding himself in this situation, with his new green coat tearing, and
+almost in reach of the terrible creature should it chance to come that
+way, he began to bawl so loud and to call for help so vehemently, that
+all who heard him and did not see him thought verily he was between the
+teeth of some wild beast. The tusked boar, however, was soon laid at
+length by the numerous spears that were levelled at him from all sides,
+at which time Sancho's cries and lamentations reached the ears of Don
+Quixote, who, turning round, beheld him hanging from the oak with his
+head downwards, and close by him stood Dapple, who never forsook him in
+adversity,--indeed, it was remarked by Cid Hamet, that he seldom saw
+Sancho Panza without Dapple, or Dapple without Sancho Panza, such was
+the amity and cordial love that subsisted between them!
+
+Don Quixote hastened to the assistance of his squire, who was no sooner
+released than he began to examine the rent in his hunting suit, which
+grieved him to the soul, for he looked upon that suit as a rich
+inheritance.
+
+The huge animal they had slain was laid across a sumpter-mule, and after
+covering it with branches of rosemary and myrtle, they carried it, as
+the spoils of victory, to a large field-tent, erected in the midst of
+the wood, where a sumptuous entertainment was prepared, worthy of the
+magnificence of the donor. Sancho, showing the wounds of the torn
+garments to the Duchess, said: "Had hares or birds been our game, I
+should not have had this misfortune. For my part I cannot think what
+pleasure there can be in beating about for a monster that, if it reaches
+you with a tusk, may be the death of you. There is an old ballad which
+says,--
+
+"'May fate of Fabila be thine,
+  And make thee food for bears or swine.'"
+
+
+"That Fabila," said Don Quixote, "was a king of the Goths, who, going to
+the chase, was devoured by a bear."
+
+"What I mean," quoth Sancho, "is, that I would not have kings and other
+great folks run into such dangers merely for pleasure; and, indeed,
+methinks it ought to be none to kill poor beasts that never meant any
+harm."
+
+"You are mistaken, Sancho," said the duke, "hunting wild beasts is the
+most proper exercise for knights and princes. The chase is an image of
+war: there you have stratagems, artifices, and ambuscades to be
+employed, in order to overcome your enemy with safety to yourself.
+There, too, you are often exposed to the extremes of cold and heat;
+idleness and ease are despised; the body acquires health and vigorous
+activity: in short, it is an exercise which may be beneficial to many
+and injurious to none. Besides, it is not a vulgar amusement, but, like
+hawking, is the peculiar sport of the great. Therefore, Sancho, change
+your opinion before you become a governor, for then you will find your
+account in these diversions."
+
+"Not so, i' faith," replied Sancho, "the good governor and the broken
+leg should keep at home. It would be fine, indeed, for people to come
+after him about business and find him gadding in the mountains for his
+pleasure. At that rate what would become of his government? In good
+truth, sir, hunting and such like pastimes are rather for your idle
+companions than for governors. The way I mean to divert myself shall be
+with brag at Easter and at bowls on Sundays and holidays; as for your
+hunting, it befits neither my condition nor conscience."
+
+"Heaven grant you prove as good as you promise," said the duke, "but
+saying and doing are often wide apart."
+
+"Be that as it will," replied Sancho, "the good paymaster wants no pawn;
+and God's help is better than early rising, and the belly carries the
+legs, and not the legs the belly,--I mean that, with the help of Heaven
+and a good intention, I warrant I shall govern better than a gos-hawk.
+Ay, ay, let them put their fingers in my mouth and try whether or not I
+can bite."
+
+"A curse upon thy proverbs," said Don Quixote, "when will the day come
+that I shall hear thee utter one coherent sentence without that base
+intermixture! Let this blockhead alone, I beseech your excellencies, He
+will grind your souls to death, not between two, but two thousand
+proverbs, all timed as well and as much to the purpose as I wish God may
+grant him health, or me, if I desire to hear them."
+
+"Sancho Panza's proverbs," said the duchess, "though more numerous than
+those of the Greek commentator, are equally admirable for their
+sententious brevity."
+
+  He who has been a good squire will never be a bad governor.
+
+  A bad cloak often covers a good drinker.
+
+  When a friend drinks one's health, who can be so
+  hard-hearted as not to pledge him?
+
+  God's help is better than early rising.
+
+  Flame may give light and bonfires may illuminate, yet we may
+  easily be burnt by them; but music is always a sign of
+  feasting and merriment.
+
+
+THE ACCOUNT OF THE METHOD PRESCRIBED TO DON QUIXOTE FOR DISENCHANTING
+DULCINEA; WITH OTHER WONDERFUL EVENTS.
+
+As the agreeable music approached, they observed that it attended a
+stately triumphal car, drawn by six gray mules covered with white linen,
+and upon each of them rode a penitent of light, clothed also in white,
+and holding a lighted torch in his hand. The car was more than double
+the size of the others which had passed, and twelve penitents were
+ranged in order within it, all carrying lighted torches,--a sight which
+at once caused surprise and terror. Upon an elevated throne sat a nymph,
+covered with a thousand veils of silver tissue, bespangled with
+innumerable flowers of gold, so that her dress, if not rich, was gay and
+glittering. Over her head was thrown a transparent gauze, so thin that
+through its folds might be seen a most beautiful face; and from the
+multitude of lights, it was easy to discern that she was young as well
+as beautiful, for she was evidently under twenty years of age, though
+not less than seventeen. Close by her sat a figure, clad in a
+magnificent robe reaching to the feet, having his head covered with a
+black veil.
+
+The moment this vast machine arrived opposite to where the duke and
+duchess and Don Quixote stood, the attending music ceased, as well as
+the harps and lutes within the car. The figure in the gown then stood
+up, and throwing open the robe and uncovering his face; displayed the
+ghastly countenance of death, looking so terrific that Don Quixote
+started, Sancho was struck with terror, and even the duke and duchess
+seemed to betray some symptoms of fear. This living Death, standing
+erect, in a dull and drowsy tone and with a sleepy articulation, spoke
+as follows:--
+
+  THE ENCHANTER'S ERRAND.
+
+  Merlin I am, miscalled the devil's son
+  In lying annals, authorized by time;
+  Monarch supreme, and great depositary
+  Of magic art and Zoroastic skill;
+  Rival of envious ages, that would hide
+  The glorious deeds of errant cavaliers,
+  Favored by me and my peculiar charge.
+  Though vile enchanters, still on mischief bent,
+  To plague mankind their baleful art employ,
+  Merlin's soft nature, ever prone to good,
+  His power inclines to bless the human race.
+
+  In Hades' chambers, where my busied ghost
+  Was forming spells and mystic characters,
+  Dulcinea's voice, peerless Tobosan maid,
+  With mournful accents reached my pitying ears;
+  I knew her woe, her metamorphosed form,
+  From high-born beauty in a palace graced,
+  To the loathed features of a cottage wench.
+  With sympathizing grief I straight revolved
+  The numerous tomes of my detested art,
+  And in the hollow of this skeleton
+  My soul enclosing, hither am I come,
+  To tell the cure of such uncommon ills.
+
+  O glory thou of all that case their limbs
+  In polished steel and fenceful adamant!
+  Light, beacon, polar star, and glorious guide
+  Of all who, starting from the lazy down,
+  Banish ignoble sleep for the rude toil
+  And hardy exercise of errant arms!
+  Spain's boasted pride, La Mancha's matchless knight,
+  Whose valiant deeds outstrip pursuing fame!
+  Wouldst thou to beauty's pristine state restore
+  The enchanted dame, Sancho, thy faithful squire,
+  Must to his brawny buttocks, bare exposed,
+  Three thousand and three hundred stripes apply,
+  Such as may sting and give him smarting pain:
+  The authors of her change have thus decreed,
+  And this is Merlin's errand from the shades.
+
+THE PARLEY ABOUT THE PENANCE.
+
+"What!" quoth Sancho, "three thousand lashes! Odd's-flesh! I will as
+soon give myself three stabs as three single lashes, much less three
+thousand! The devil take this way of disenchanting! I cannot see what my
+buttocks have to do with enchantments. Before Heaven! if Signor Merlin
+can find out no other way to disenchant the lady Dulcinea del Toboso,
+enchanted she may go to her grave for me!"
+
+"Not lash thyself! thou garlic-eating wretch!" quoth Don Quixote; "I
+shall take thee to a tree, and tie thee naked as thou wert born, and
+there, not three thousand and three hundred, but six thousand six
+hundred lashes will I give thee, and those so well laid on that three
+thousand three hundred hard tugs shall not tug them off. So answer me
+not a word, scoundrel! for I will tear thy very soul out!"
+
+"It must not be so," said Merlin; "the lashes that honest Sancho is to
+receive must not be applied by force, but with his good-will, and at
+whatever time he pleases, for no term is fixed; and furthermore, he is
+allowed, if he please, to save himself half the trouble of applying so
+many lashes, by having half the number laid on by another hand, provided
+that hand be somewhat heavier than his own."
+
+"Neither another hand nor my own," quoth Sancho, "no hand, either heavy
+or light, shall touch my flesh. Was the lady Dulcinea brought forth by
+me that my posteriors must pay for the transgressions of her eyes? My
+master, indeed, who is part of her, since at every step he is calling
+her his life, his soul, his support and stay,--he it is who ought to
+lash himself for her and do all that is needful for her delivery; but
+for me to whip myself,--no, I pronounce it!"
+
+No sooner had Sancho thus declared himself than the spangled nymph who
+sat by the side of Merlin arose, and throwing aside her veil, discovered
+a face of extraordinary beauty; and with a masculine air and no very
+amiable voice, addressed herself to Sancho: "O wretched squire, with no
+more soul than a pitcher! thou heart of cork and bowels of flint! hadst
+thou been required, nose-slitting thief! to throw thyself from some
+high tower; hadst thou been desired, enemy of human kind! to eat a dozen
+of toads, two dozen of lizards, and three dozen of snakes; hadst thou
+been requested to kill thy wife and children with some bloody and sharp
+scimitar,--no wonder if thou hadst betrayed some squeamishness; but to
+hesitate about three thousand three hundred lashes, which there is not a
+wretched school-boy but receives every month, it amazes, stupefies, and
+affrights the tender bowels of all who hear it, and even of all who
+shall hereafter be told it. Cast, thou marble-hearted wretch!--cast, I
+say, those huge goggle eyes upon these lovely balls of mine, that shine
+like glittering stars, and thou wilt see them weep, drop by drop, and
+stream after stream, making furrows, tracks, and paths down these
+beautiful cheeks! Relent, malicious and evil-minded monster! Be moved by
+my blooming youth, which, though yet in its teens, is pining and
+withering beneath the vile bark of a peasant wench; and if at this
+moment I appear otherwise, it is by the special favor of Signor Merlin,
+here present, hoping that these charms may soften that iron heart, for
+the tears of afflicted beauty turn rocks into cotton and tigers into
+lambs. Lash, untamed beast! lash away on that brawny flesh of thine, and
+rouse from that base sloth which only inclines thee to eat and eat
+again, and restore to me the delicacy of my skin, the sweetness of my
+temper, and all the charms of beauty. And if for my sake thou wilt not
+be mollified into reasonable compliance, let the anguish of that
+miserable knight stir thee to compassion,--thy master, I mean, whose
+soul I see sticking crosswise in his throat, not ten inches from his
+lips, waiting only thy cruel or kind answer either to fly out of his
+mouth or to return joyfully into his bosom."
+
+Don Quixote, here putting his finger to his throat, "Before Heaven!"
+said he, "Dulcinea is right, for I here feel my soul sticking in my
+throat like the stopper of a crossbow!"
+
+"What say you to that, Sancho?" quoth the duchess.
+
+"I say, madam," answered Sancho, "what I have already said, that as to
+the lashes, I pronounce them."
+
+"_Renounce_, you should say, Sancho," quoth the duke, "and not
+pronounce."
+
+"Please your grandeur to let me alone," replied Sancho, "for I cannot
+stand now to a letter more or less. These lashes so torment me that I
+know not what I say or do. But I would fain know one thing from the Lady
+Dulcinea del Toboso, and that is, where she learnt her manner of asking
+a favor? She comes to desire me to tear my flesh with stripes, and at
+the same time lays upon me such a bead-roll of ill names that the devil
+may bear them for me. What! does she think my flesh is made of brass? or
+that I care a rush whether she is enchanted or not? Where are the
+presents she has brought to soften me? Instead of a basket of fine linen
+shirts, night-caps, and socks (though I wear none), here is nothing but
+abuse. Every one knows that 'the golden load is a burden light;' that
+'gifts will make their way through stone walls;' 'pray devoutly and
+hammer on stoutly;' and 'one take is worth two I'll give thee's.'
+There's his worship my master, too, instead of wheedling and coaxing me
+to make myself wool and carded cotton, threatens to tie me naked to a
+tree and double the dose of stripes. These tender-hearted gentlefolks
+ought to remember, too, that they not only desire to have a squire
+whipped, but a governor, making no more of it than saying, 'Drink with
+your cherries.' Let them learn,--plague take them!--let them learn how
+to ask and entreat, and mind their breeding. All times are not alike,
+nor are men always in a humor for all things. At this moment my heart is
+ready to burst with grief to see this rent in my jacket, and people come
+to desire that I would also tear my flesh, and that, too, of my own good
+will. I have just as much mind to the thing as to turn Turk."
+
+"In truth, friend Sancho," said the duke, "if you do not relent and
+become softer than a ripe fig, you finger no government. It were good
+indeed, that I should send my islanders a cruel flinty-hearted governor;
+one who relents not at the tears of afflicted damsels, nor at the
+entreaties of wise, awful, and ancient enchanters, and sages. In fine,
+Sancho, either you must whip yourself, or let others whip you, or be no
+governor."
+
+"My lord," answered Sancho, "may I not be allowed two days to consider
+what is best for me to do?"
+
+"No, in no wise," quoth Merlin; "here, at this instant and upon this
+spot, the business must be settled: or Dulcinea must return to
+Montesinos' cave, and to her former condition of a country wench; or
+else in her present form be carried to the Elysian fields, where she
+must wait till the number of lashes be fulfilled."
+
+"Come, honest Sancho," quoth the duchess, "be of good cheer, and show
+gratitude for the bread you have eaten of your master Don Quixote, whom
+we are all bound to serve for his good qualities and his high
+chivalries. Say, yes, son, to this whipping bout, and the devil take the
+devil, and let the wretched fear; for a good heart breaks bad fortune,
+as you well know."
+
+"Hark you, Signor Merlin," quoth Sancho, addressing himself to the sage;
+"pray will you tell me one thing--how comes it about that the
+devil-courier just now brought a message to my master from Signor
+Montesinos, saying that he would be here anon, to give directions about
+this disenchantment; and yet we have seen nothing of them all this
+while?"
+
+"Pshaw!" replied Merlin, "the devil is an ass and a lying rascal; he was
+sent from me and not from Montesinos, who is still in his cave
+contriving, or rather awaiting, the end of his enchantment, for the tail
+is yet unflayed. If he owes you money, or you have any other business
+with him, he shall be forthcoming in a trice, when and where you think
+fit; and therefore come to a decision, and consent to this small
+penance, from which both your soul and body will receive marvellous
+benefit; your soul by an act of charity, and your body by a wholesome
+and timely bloodletting."
+
+"How the world swarms with doctors," quoth Sancho, "the very enchanters
+seem to be of a trade! Well, since everybody tells me so, though the
+thing is out of all reason, I promise to give myself the three thousand
+three hundred lashes, upon condition that I may lay them on whenever I
+please, without being tied to days or times; and I will endeavor to get
+out of debt as soon as I possibly can, that the beauty of my lady
+Dulcinea del Toboso may shine forth to all the world; as it seems she is
+really beautiful, which I much doubted. Another condition is, that I
+will not be bound to draw blood, and if some lashes happen only to
+fly-flap, they shall all go into the account. Moreover if I should
+mistake in the reckoning, Signor Merlin here, who knows everything,
+shall give me notice how many I want or have exceeded."
+
+"As for exceedings, there is no need of keeping account of them,"
+answered Merlin; "for when the number is completed, that instant will
+the lady Dulcinea del Toboso be disenchanted, and come full of gratitude
+in search of good Sancho, to thank and even reward him for the generous
+deed. So that no scruples are necessary about surplus and deficiency;
+and Heaven forbid that I should allow anybody to be cheated of a single
+hair of their head."
+
+"Go to, then, in God's name," quoth Sancho; "I must submit to my ill
+fortune: I say I consent to the penance upon the conditions I have
+mentioned."
+
+No sooner had Sancho pronounced his consent than the innumerable
+instruments poured forth their music, the volleys of musketry were
+discharged, while Don Quixote clung about Sancho's neck, giving him, on
+his forehead and brawny cheeks, a thousand kisses; the duke and duchess,
+and all who were present, likewise testified their satisfaction. The car
+now moved on, and in departing the fair Dulcinea bowed her head to the
+duke and duchess, and made a low curtesy to Sancho.
+
+By this time the cheerful and joyous dawn began to appear, the flowerets
+of the fields expanded their fragrant beauties to the light; and brooks
+and streams, in gentle murmurs, ran to pay expecting rivers in their
+crystal tribute. The earth rejoiced, the sky was clear, and the air
+serene and calm; all, combined and separately, giving manifest tokens
+that the day, which followed fast upon Aurora's heels, would be bright
+and fair. The duke and duchess, having happily executed their ingenious
+project, returned highly gratified to their castle, and determined on
+the continuation of fictions which afforded more pleasures than
+realities.
+
+
+SANCHO PANZA'S LETTER TO HIS WIFE TERESA PANZA.
+
+If I have been finely lashed, I have been finely mounted up: if I have
+got a good government, it has cost me many good lashes. This, my dear
+Teresa, thou canst not understand at present; another time thou wilt.
+
+Thou must know, Teresa, that I am determined that thou shalt ride in thy
+coach, which is somewhat to the purpose, for all other ways of going are
+no better than creeping upon all fours, like a cat. Thou shalt be a
+governor's wife; see then whether anybody will dare to tread on thy
+heels. I here send thee a green hunting-suit which my lady duchess gave
+me; fit it up so that it may serve our daughter for a jacket and
+petticoat. They say in this country that my master Don Quixote is a
+sensible madman and a pleasant fool, and that I am not a whit behind
+him. We have been in Montesino's cave, and the sage Merlin, the wizard,
+has pitched upon me to disenchant the Lady Dulcinea del Toboso, who
+among you is called Aldonza Lorenzo. When I have given myself three
+thousand and three hundred lashes, lacking five, she will be as free
+from enchantment as the mother that bore her.
+
+Say nothing of this to anybody; for, bring your affairs into council,
+and one will cry it is white, another it is black. A few days hence I
+shall go to the government, whither I go with a huge desire to get
+money; and I am told it is the same with all new governors. I will first
+see how matters stand, and send thee word whether or not thou shalt come
+to me.
+
+Dapple is well, and sends thee his hearty service; part with him I will
+not, though I were made the great Turk. The duchess, my mistress, kisses
+thy hands a thousand times over. Return her two thousand; for, as my
+master says, nothing is cheaper than civil words. God has not been
+pleased to throw in my way another portmanteau and another hundred
+crowns, as once before; but take no heed, my dear Teresa, for he that
+has the game in his hand need not mind the loss of a trick,--the
+government will make up for all. One thing only troubles me: I am told
+if I once try it I shall eat my very fingers after it; and if so, it
+will not be much of a bargain, though, indeed, the crippled and maimed
+enjoy a petty canonry in the alms they receive; so that, one way or
+another, thou art sure to be rich and happy. God send it may be so, as
+He easily can, and keep me for thy sake.
+
+Thy husband, the governor,
+SANCHO PANZA.
+From this Castle, the 20th of July, 1614.
+
+
+THE KNIGHT REPROVED.
+
+After a thousand courtly compliments mutually interchanged, Don Quixote
+advanced towards the table, between the duke and duchess, and, on
+preparing to seat themselves, they offered the upper end to Don Quixote,
+who would have declined it but for the pressing importunities of the
+duke. The ecclesiastic seated himself opposite to the knight, and the
+duke and duchess on each side.
+
+Sancho was present all the while, in amazement to see the honor paid by
+those great people to his master; and, whilst the numerous entreaties
+and ceremonies were passing between the duke and Don Quixote, before he
+would sit down at the head of the table, he said: "With your honor's
+leave I will tell you a story of what happened in our town about seats."
+
+Don Quixote immediately began to tremble, not doubting that he was going
+to say something absurd. Sancho observed him, and, understanding his
+looks, he said: "Be not afraid, sir, of my breaking loose or saying
+anything that is not pat to the purpose. I have not forgotten the advice
+your worship gave me awhile ago about talking much or little, well or
+ill."
+
+"I remember nothing, Sancho," answered Don Quixote; "say what thou wilt,
+so as thou sayst it quickly."
+
+"What I would say," quoth Sancho, "is very true, for my master, Don
+Quixote, who is present, will not suffer me to lie."
+
+"Lie as much as thou wilt for me, Sancho," replied Don Quixote, "I shall
+not hinder thee; but take heed what thou art going to say."
+
+"I have heeded it over and over again, so that it is as safe as if I had
+the game in my hand, as you shall presently see."
+
+"Your graces will do well," said Don Quixote, "to order this blockhead
+to retire, that you may get rid of his troublesome folly."
+
+"By the life of the duke," quoth the duchess, "Sancho shall not stir a
+jot from me. I have a great regard for him, and am assured of his
+discretion."
+
+"Many happy years may your holiness live," quoth Sancho, "for the good
+opinion you have of me, little as I deserve it. But the tale I would
+tell is this--
+
+"A certain gentleman of our town, very rich and of a good family,--for
+he was descended from the Alamos of Medina del Campo, and married Donna
+Mencia de Quinnones, who was daughter to Don Alonzo de Maranon, knight
+of the order of St. James, the same that was drowned in the Herradura,
+about whom that quarrel happened in our town, in which it was said my
+master Don Quixote had a hand, and Tommy the mad-cap, son of Balvastro
+the blacksmith, was hurt. Pray, good master of mine, is not all this
+true? Speak, I beseech you, that their worships may not take me for some
+lying prater."
+
+"As yet," said the ecclesiastic, "I take you rather for a prater than
+for a liar; but I know not what I shall next take you for."
+
+"Thou hast produced so many witnesses and so many proofs," said Don
+Quixote, "that I cannot but say thou mayst probably be speaking truth;
+but, for Heaven's sake, shorten thy story, or it will last these two
+days."
+
+"He shall shorten nothing," quoth the duchess; "and to please me, he
+shall tell it his own way, although he were not to finish these six
+days; and, should it last so long, they would be to me days of delight."
+
+"I must tell you, then," proceeded Sancho, "that this same
+gentleman--whom I know as well as I do my right hand from my left, for
+it is not a bow-shot from my house to his--invited a husbandman to dine
+with him,--a poor man, but mainly honest."
+
+"On, friend," said the chaplain, "for, at the rate you proceed, your
+tale will not reach its end till you reach the other world."
+
+"I shall stop," replied Sancho, "before I get half-way thither, if it
+please Heaven! This same farmer coming to the house of the gentleman his
+inviter--God rest his soul, for he is dead and gone; and, moreover, died
+like an angel, as it is said,--for I was not by myself, being at that
+time gone a reaping to Tembleque."
+
+"Prithee, son," said the ecclesiastic, "come back quickly from
+Tembleque, and stay not to bury the gentleman, unless you are determined
+upon more burials. Pray make an end of your tale."
+
+"The business, then," quoth Sancho, "was this, that, they being ready
+to sit down to table,--methinks I see them plainer than ever."
+
+The duke and duchess were highly diverted at the impatience of the good
+ecclesiastic, and at the length and pauses of Sancho's tale; but Don
+Quixote was almost suffocated with rage and vexation.
+
+"I say, then," quoth Sancho, "that, as they were both standing before
+the dinner-table, just ready to sit down, the farmer insisted that the
+gentleman should take the upper end of the table, and the gentleman as
+positively pressed the farmer to take it, saying he ought to be master
+in his own house. But the countryman, piquing himself upon his good
+breeding, still refused to comply, till the gentleman, losing all
+patience, laid both his hands upon the farmer's shoulders, and made him
+sit down by main force, saying, 'Sit thee down, clod-pole! for in
+whatever place I am seated, that is the upper end to thee.' That is my
+tale, and truly I think it comes in here pretty much to the purpose."
+
+
+  All things are not alike, nor are men always in a humor for
+  all things.
+
+  Leave fear to the cowardly.
+
+  A stout heart quails misfortune.
+
+  Letters written in blood cannot be disputed.
+
+  If you seek advice about your own concerns, one will say it
+  is white and another will swear it is black.
+
+  Nothing is so reasonable and cheap as good manners.
+
+  He is safe who has good cards to play.
+
+  Avarice bursts the bag, and the covetous governor doeth
+  ungoverned justice.
+
+  The law's measure
+  Is the king's pleasure.
+
+  The game is as often lost by a card too many as one too few;
+  but a word to the wise is sufficient.
+
+  Come, death, with gently-stealing pace,
+    And take me unperceived away,
+  Nor let me see thy wished-for face,
+    Lest joy my fleeting life should stay.
+
+  The tyrant fair whose beauty sent
+    The throbbing mischief to my heart,
+  The more my anguish to augment,
+    Forbids me to reveal the smart.
+
+  When a thing is once begun, it is almost half finished.
+
+  When the heifer you receive,
+  Have a halter in your sleeve.
+
+  Delay breeds danger.
+
+  Who sits in the saddle must get up first.
+
+  There is nothing so sweet as to command and be obeyed.
+
+  It is a pleasant thing to govern, even though it be but a
+  flock of sheep.
+
+
+INSTRUCTIONS WHICH DON QUIXOTE GAVE TO SANCHO PANZA BEFORE HE WENT TO
+HIS GOVERNMENT; WITH OTHER WELL CONSIDERED MATTERS.
+
+The duke and duchess being so well pleased with the afflicted duenna,
+were encouraged to proceed with other projects, seeing that there was
+nothing too extravagant for the credulity of the knight and squire. The
+necessary orders were accordingly issued to their servants and vassals
+with regard to their behavior towards Sancho in his government of the
+promised island. The day after the flight of Clavileno, the duke bade
+Sancho prepare, and get himself in readiness to assume his office, for
+his islanders were already wishing for him as for rain in May. Sancho
+made a low bow, and said: "Ever since my journey to heaven, when I
+looked down and saw the earth so very small, my desire to be a governor
+has partly cooled: for what mighty matter is it to command on a spot no
+bigger than a grain of mustard-seed; where is the majesty and pomp of
+governing half a dozen creatures no bigger than hazel-nuts? If your
+lordship will be pleased to offer me some small portion of heaven,
+though it be but half a league, I would jump at it sooner than for the
+largest island in the world."
+
+"Look you, friend Sancho," answered the duke, "I can give away no part
+of heaven, not even a nail's breadth; for God has reserved to Himself
+the disposal of such favors: but what it is in my power to give, I give
+you with all my heart; and the island I now present to you is ready
+made, round and sound, well-proportioned, and above measure fruitful,
+and where, by good management, you may yourself, with the riches of the
+earth, purchase an inheritance in heaven."
+
+"Well, then," answered Sancho, "let this island be forthcoming, and it
+shall go hard with me but I will be such a governor that, in spite of
+rogues, heaven will take me in. Nor is it out of covetousness that I
+forsake my humble cottage and aspire to greater things, but the desire I
+have to taste what it is to be a governor."
+
+"If once you taste it, Sancho," quoth the duke, "you will lick your
+fingers after it; so sweet it is to command and be obeyed. And certain I
+am, when your master becomes an emperor, of which there is no doubt, as
+matters proceed so well, it would be impossible to wrest his power from
+him, and his only regret will be that he had it not sooner."
+
+"Faith, sir, you are in the right," quoth Sancho, "it is pleasant to
+govern, though it be but a flock of sheep."
+
+"Let me be buried with you, Sancho," replied the duke, "if you know not
+something of every thing, and I doubt not you will prove a pearl of a
+governor. But enough of this for the present: to-morrow you surely
+depart for your island, and this evening you shall be fitted with
+suitable apparel and with all things necessary for your appointment."
+
+"Clothe me as you will," said Sancho, "I shall still be Sancho Panza."
+
+"That is true," said the duke; "but the garb should always be suitable
+to the office and rank of the wearer: for a lawyer to be habited like a
+soldier, or a soldier like a priest, would be preposterous; and you;
+Sancho, must be clad partly like a scholar and partly like a soldier;
+as, in the office you will hold, arms and learning are united."
+
+"As for learning," replied Sancho, "I have not much of that, for I
+hardly know my A B C; but to be a good governor, it will be enough that
+I am able to make my Christ-cross; and as to arms, I shall handle such
+as are given me till I fall, and so God help me."
+
+"With so good an intention," quoth the duke, "Sancho cannot do wrong."
+
+Here they were joined by Don Quixote, who understanding the subject of
+their conversation, and the short space allotted to Sancho to prepare
+for his departure, took the squire by the hand, with the duke's
+permission, and led him to his apartment, in order to instruct him how
+to behave in his office. Having entered the chamber he locked the door,
+and obliging Sancho to sit down by him, spoke to this effect, in a grave
+and solemn tone:--
+
+"I return infinite thanks to Heaven, friend Sancho, for having ordained
+that, before I myself have met with the least success, good fortune hath
+gone forth to bid thee welcome. I, who had balanced the remuneration of
+thy service in my own prosperity, find myself in the very rudiments of
+promotion; while thou, before thy time, and contrary to all the laws of
+reasonable progression, findest thy desire accomplished: other people
+bribe, solicit, importune, attend levees, entreat, and persevere,
+without obtaining their suit; and another comes, who, without knowing
+why or wherefore, finds himself in possession of that office to which so
+many people laid claim: and here the old saying is aptly introduced, 'A
+pound of good luck is worth a ton of merit.' Thou, who, in comparison to
+me, art doubtless an ignorant dunce, without rising early or sitting up
+late, or, indeed, exerting the least industry: without any pretension
+more or less than that of being breathed upon by knight-errantry, seest
+thyself created governor of an island as if it was a matter of
+moonshine.
+
+"All this I observe, O Sancho, that thou mayst not attribute thy success
+to thy own deserts: but give thanks to heaven for having disposed
+matters so beneficially in thy behalf, and then make thy acknowledgments
+to that grandeur which centres in the profession of knight-errantry. Thy
+heart being thus predisposed to believe what I have said, be attentive,
+O my son, to me who am thy Cato, thy counsellor, thy north-pole and
+guide, to conduct thee into a secure harbor from the tempestuous sea
+into which thou art going to be engulfed; for great posts and offices of
+state are no other than a profound gulf of confusion.
+
+"In the first place, O my son, you are to fear God: the fear of God is
+the beginning of wisdom; and if you are wise you cannot err.
+
+"Secondly, you must always remember who you are, and endeavor to know
+yourself,--a study of all others the most difficult. This self-knowledge
+will hinder you from blowing yourself up like the frog in order to rival
+the size of the ox: if, therefore, you succeed in this learning, the
+consideration of thy having been a swineherd will, like the peacock's
+ugly feet, be a check upon thy folly and pride."
+
+"I own I once took care of hogs when I was a boy," said Sancho; "but,
+after I grew up, I quitted that employment and took care of geese; but I
+apprehend that matter is not of great consequence, for all governors are
+not descended from the kingly race."
+
+"No, sure," answered the knight; "and, for that reason, those who are
+not of noble extraction ought to sweeten the gravity of their function
+with mildness and affability: which, being prudently conducted, will
+screen them from those malicious murmurs that no station can escape.
+
+"Conceal not the meanness of thy family, nor think it disgraceful to be
+descended from peasants; for, when it is seen that thou art not thyself
+ashamed, none will endeavor to make thee so; and deem it more
+meritorious to be a virtuous humble man than a lofty sinner. Infinite is
+the number of those who, born of low extraction, have risen to the
+highest dignities both in church and state; and of this truth I could
+tire thee with examples.
+
+"If thou takest virtue for the rule of life, and valuest thyself upon
+acting in all things conformably thereto, thou wilt have no cause to
+envy lords and princes; for blood is inherited, but virtue is a common
+property and may be acquired by all. It has, moreover, an intrinsic
+worth which blood has not. This being so, if, peradventure, any one of
+thy kindred visit thee in thy government, do not slight nor affront him;
+but receive, cherish, and make much of him, for in so doing thou wilt
+please God, who allows none of His creatures to be despised; and thou
+wilt also manifest therein a well-disposed nature.
+
+"If thou takest thy wife with thee (and it is not well for those who are
+appointed to governments to be long separated from their families),
+teach, instruct, and polish her from her natural rudeness; for it often
+happens that all the consideration a wise governor can acquire is lost
+by an ill-bred and foolish woman.
+
+"If thou shouldst become a widower (an event which is possible), and thy
+station entitles thee to a better match, seek not one to serve thee for
+a hook and angling-rod, or a friar's hood to receive alms in;[11] for,
+believe me, whatever the judge's wife receives, the husband must account
+for at the general judgment, and shall be made to pay fourfold for all
+that of which he has rendered no account during his life.
+
+"Be not under the dominion of thine own will: it is the vice of the
+ignorant, who vainly presume on their own understanding.
+
+"Let the tears of the poor find more compassion, but not more justice,
+from thee than the applications of the wealthy.
+
+"Be equally solicitous to sift out the truth amidst the presents and
+promises of the rich and the sighs and entreaties of the poor.
+
+"Whenever equity may justly temper the rigor of the law, let not the
+whole force of it bear upon the delinquent; for it is better that a
+judge should lean on the side of compassion than severity.
+
+"If, perchance, the scales of justice be not correctly balanced, let the
+error be imputable to pity, not to gold.
+
+"If, perchance, the cause of thine enemy come before thee, forget thy
+injuries, and think only on the merits of the case.
+
+"Let not private affection blind thee in another man's cause; for the
+errors thou shalt thereby commit are often without remedy, and at the
+expense both of thy reputation and fortune.
+
+"When a beautiful woman comes before thee to demand justice, consider
+maturely the nature of her claim, without regarding either her tears or
+her sighs, unless thou wouldst expose thy judgment to the danger of
+being lost in the one, and thy integrity in the other.
+
+"Revile not with words him whom thou hast to correct with deeds; the
+punishment which the unhappy wretch is doomed to suffer is sufficient,
+without the addition of abusive language.
+
+"When the criminal stands before thee, recollect the frail and depraved
+nature of man, and as much as thou canst, without injustice to the
+suffering party, show pity and clemency; for, though the attributes of
+God are all equally adorable, yet His mercy is more shining and
+attractive in our eyes, and strikes with greater lustre, than His
+justice.
+
+"If you observe, and conduct yourself by these rules and precepts,
+Sancho, your days will be long upon the face of the earth; your fame
+will be eternal, your reward complete, and your felicity unutterable;
+your children will be married according to your wish; they and their
+descendants will enjoy titles; you shall live in peace and friendship
+with all mankind; when your course of life is run, death will overtake
+you in a happy and mature old age, and your eyes will be shut by the
+tender and delicate hands of your posterity, in the third or fourth
+generation.
+
+"The remarks I have hitherto made are documents touching the decoration
+of your soul; and now you will listen to the directions I have to give
+concerning thy person and deportment."
+
+
+OF THE SECOND SERIES OF INSTRUCTIONS DON QUIXOTE GAVE TO SANCHO PANZA.
+
+Who that has duly considered Don Quixote's instructions to his squire
+would not have taken him for a person of singular intelligence and
+discretion? But, in truth, as it has often been said in the progress of
+this great history, he raved only on the subject of chivalry; on all
+others he manifested a sound and discriminating understanding; wherefore
+his judgment and his actions appeared continually at variance. But, in
+these second instructions given to Sancho, which showed much ingenuity,
+his wisdom and frenzy are both singularly conspicuous.
+
+During the whole of this private conference, Sancho listened to his
+master with great attention, and endeavored so to register his counsel
+in his mind that he might thereby be enabled to bear the burden of
+government and acquit himself honorably. Don Quixote now proceeded:--
+
+"As to the regulation of thine own person and domestic concerns," said
+he, "in the first place, Sancho, I enjoin thee to be cleanly in all
+things. Keep the nails of thy fingers constantly and neatly pared, nor
+suffer them to grow as some do, who ignorantly imagine that long nails
+beautify the hand, and account the excess of that excrement simply a
+finger-nail, whereas it is rather the talon of the lizard-hunting
+kestrel,--a foul and unsightly object. A slovenly dress betokens a
+careless mind; or, as in the case of Julius Caesar, it may be attributed
+to cunning.
+
+"Examine prudently the income of thy office, and if it will afford thee
+to give liveries to thy servants, give them such as are decent and
+lasting, rather than gaudy and modish; and what thou shalt thus save in
+thy servants bestow on the poor; so shalt thou have attendants both in
+heaven and earth--a provision which our vain-glorious great never think
+of.
+
+"Eat neither garlic nor onions, lest the smell betray thy rusticity.
+Walk with gravity, and speak deliberately, but not so as to seem to be
+listening to thyself; for affectation is odious.
+
+"Eat little at dinner and less at supper; for the health of the whole
+body is tempered in the laboratory of the stomach.
+
+"Drink with moderation; for inebriety never keeps a secret nor performs
+a promise.
+
+"In the next place, Sancho, do not intermix in thy discourse such a
+multitude of proverbs as thou wert wont to do; for though proverbs are
+concise and pithy sentences, thou dost so often drag them in by the head
+and shoulders that they look more like the ravings of distraction than
+well-chosen apothegms."
+
+"That defect God himself must remedy," said Sancho; "for I have more
+proverbs by heart than would be sufficient to fill a large book; and,
+when I speak, they crowd together in such a manner as to quarrel for
+utterance; so that my tongue discharges them just as they happen to be
+in the way, whether they are or are not to the purpose: but I will take
+care henceforward to throw out those that may be suitable to the gravity
+of my office: for, 'Where there's plenty of meat, the supper will soon
+be complete;' 'He that shuffles does not cut;' 'A good hand makes a
+short game;' and, 'It requires a good brain to know when to give and
+retain.'"
+
+"Courage, Sancho," cried Don Quixote; "squeeze, tack, and string your
+proverbs together; here are none to oppose you. My mother whips me, and
+I whip the top. Here am I exhorting thee to suppress thy proverbs, and
+in an instant thou hast spewed forth a whole litany of them, which are
+as foreign from the subject as an old ballad. Remember, Sancho, I do not
+say that a proverb properly applied is amiss; but, to throw in, and
+string together old saws helter-skelter, renders conversation altogether
+mean and despicable.
+
+"When you appear on horseback do not lean backward over the saddle, nor
+stretch out your legs stiffly from the horse's belly, nor let them hang
+dangling in a slovenly manner, as if you were upon the back of Dapple;
+for some ride like jockeys, and some like gentlemen.
+
+"Be very moderate in sleeping; for he who does not rise with the sun
+cannot enjoy the day; and observe, O Sancho, industry is the mother of
+prosperity; and laziness, her opposite, never saw the accomplishment of
+a good wish.
+
+"This is all the advice, friend Sancho, that occurs to me at present;
+hereafter, as occasions offer, my instructions will be ready, provided
+thou art mindful to inform me of the state of thy affairs."
+
+"Sir," answered Sancho, "I see very well that all your worship has told
+me is wholesome and profitable; but what shall I be the better for it if
+I cannot keep it in my head? It is true, I shall not easily forget what
+you have said about paring my nails, and marrying again if the
+opportunity offers; but for your other quirks and quillets, I protest
+they have already gone out of my head as clean as last year's clouds;
+and therefore, let me have them in writing; for though I cannot read
+them myself, I will give them to my confessor, that he may repeat and
+drive them into me in time of need."
+
+"Heaven defend me!" said Don Quixote, "how scurvy doth it look in a
+governor to be unable to read or write! Indeed, Sancho, I must needs
+tell thee that when a man has not been taught to read, or is
+left-handed, it argues that his parentage was very low, or that, in
+early life, he was so indocile and perverse that his teachers could beat
+nothing good into him. Truly this is a great defect in thee, and
+therefore I would have thee learn to write, even if it were only thy
+name."
+
+"That I can do already," quoth Sancho; "for when I was steward of the
+brotherhood in our village, I learned to make certain marks like those
+upon wool-packs, which they told me, stood for my name. But, at the
+worst, I can feign a lameness in my right hand, and get another to sign
+for me: there is a remedy for every thing but death; and, having the
+staff in my hand, I can do what I please. Besides, as your worship
+knows, he whose father is mayor[12]--and I, being governor, am, I trow,
+something more than mayor.
+
+"Ay, ay, let them come that list, and play at bo-peep--ay, fleer and
+backbite me; but they may come for wool and go back shorn: 'His home is
+savory whom God loves;'--besides, 'The rich man's blunders pass current
+for wise maxims;' so that I, being a governor, and therefore wealthy,
+and bountiful to boot--as I intend to be--nobody will see any blemish in
+me. No, no, let the clown daub himself with honey, and he will never
+want flies. 'As much as you have, just so much you are worth,' said my
+grandam; revenge yourself upon the rich who can."
+
+"Heaven confound thee!" exclaimed Don Quixote; "sixty thousand devils
+take thee and thy proverbs! This hour, or more, thou hast been stringing
+thy musty wares, poisoning and torturing me without mercy. Take my word
+for it, these proverbs will one day bring thee to the gallows;--they
+will surely provoke thy people to rebellion! Where dost thou find them?
+How shouldst thou apply them, idiot? for I toil and sweat as if I were
+delving the ground to utter but one, and apply it properly."
+
+"Before Heaven, master of mine," replied Sancho, "your worship complains
+of very trifles. Why, in the devil's name, are you angry that I make use
+of my own goods? for other stock I have none, nor any stock but proverbs
+upon proverbs; and just now I have four ready to pop out, all pat and
+fitting as pears in a pannier--but I am dumb: Silence is my name."[13]
+
+"Then art thou vilely miscalled," quoth Don Quixote, "being an eternal
+babbler. Nevertheless, I would fain know these four proverbs that come
+so pat to the purpose; for I have been rummaging my own memory, which is
+no bad one, but for the soul of me, I can find none."
+
+"Can there be better," quoth Sancho, "than--'Never venture your fingers
+between two eye-teeth;' and with 'Get out of my house--what would you
+have with my wife?' there is no arguing; and, 'Whether the pitcher hits
+the stone, or the stone hits the pitcher, it goes ill with the pitcher.'
+All these, your worship must see, fit to a hair. Let no one meddle with
+the governor or his deputy, or he will come off the worst, like him who
+claps his finger between two eye-teeth, and though they were not
+eye-teeth, 'tis enough if they be but teeth. To what a governor says
+there is no replying, any more than to 'Get out of my house--what
+business have you with my wife?' Then as to the stone and the pitcher--a
+blind man may see that. So he who points to the mote in another man's
+eye, should first look to the beam in his own, that it may not be said
+of him, the dead woman was afraid of her that was flayed. Besides, your
+worship knows well that the fool knows more in his own house than the
+wise in that of another."
+
+"Not so, Sancho," answered Don Quixote, "the fool knows nothing, either
+in his own or any other house; for knowledge is not to be erected upon
+so bad a foundation as folly. But here let it rest, Sancho, for, if thou
+governest ill, though the fault will be thine, the shame will be mine.
+However, I am comforted in having given thee the best counsel in my
+power; and therein having done my duty, I am acquitted both of my
+obligation and promise; so God speed thee, Sancho, and govern thee in
+thy government, and deliver me from the fears I entertain that thou wilt
+turn the whole island topsy-turvy!--which, indeed, I might prevent by
+letting the duke know what thou art, and telling him that all that
+paunch-gut and little carcass of thine is nothing but a sack full of
+proverbs and impertinence."
+
+"Signor," replied Sancho, "if your worship really thinks I am not
+qualified for that government, I renounce it from henceforward forever,
+amen. I have a greater regard for a nail's breadth of my soul than my
+whole body; and I can subsist, as bare Sancho, upon a crust of bread and
+an onion, as well as governor on capons and partridges; for, while we
+sleep, great and small, rich and poor, are equal all. If your worship
+will consider, your worship will find that you yourself put this scheme
+of government into my head. As for my own part, I know no more of the
+matter than a bustard; and, if you think the governorship will be the
+means of my going to the devil, I would much rather go as simple Sancho
+to Heaven than as a governor to hell-fire."
+
+"Before God!" cried the knight, "from these last reflections thou hast
+uttered, I pronounce thee worthy to govern a thousand islands. Thou hast
+an excellent natural disposition, without which all science is naught.
+Recommend thyself to God, and endeavor to avoid errors in the first
+intention. I mean, let thy intention and unshaken purpose be to deal
+righteously in all thy transactions, for Heaven always favors the
+upright design. And now let us go in to dinner, for I believe their
+graces wait for us."
+
+
+  Without discretion there can be no wit.
+
+
+O poverty, poverty! I know not what should induce the great Cordovan
+poet to call thee a holy, unrequited gift. I, though a Moor, am very
+sensible, from my correspondence with Christians, that holiness consists
+in charity, humility, faith, poverty, and obedience; yet, nevertheless,
+I will affirm that he must be holy indeed, who can sit down content with
+poverty, unless we mean that kind of poverty to which one of the
+greatest saints alludes, when he says, "Possess of all things as not
+possessing them;" and this is called spiritual poverty. But thou second
+poverty, which is the cause I spoke of, why wouldst thou assault
+gentlemen of birth rather than any other class of people? Why dost thou
+compel them to cobble their shoes, and wear upon their coats one button
+of silk, another of hair, and a third of glass? Why must their ruffs be
+generally yellow and ill-starched? (By the by, from this circumstance we
+learn the antiquity of ruffs and starch. But thus he proceeds:) O
+wretched man of noble pedigree! who is obliged to administer cordials to
+his honor, in the midst of hunger and solitude, by playing the hypocrite
+with a toothpick, which he affects to use in the street, though he has
+eat nothing to require that act of cleanliness. Wretched he, I say,
+whose honor is ever apt to be startled, and thinks that everybody at a
+league's distance observes the patch upon his shoe, his greasy hat, and
+his threadbare cloak, and even the hunger that consumes him.
+
+
+  Better a blush on the face than a stain in the heart.
+
+  Look not in last year's nests for this year's birds.
+
+
+A SERENADE.
+
+And he forthwith imagined that some damsel belonging to the duchess had
+become enamored of him. Though somewhat fearful of the beautiful foe, he
+resolved to fortify his heart, and on no account to yield; so,
+commending himself with fervent devotion to his mistress, Dulcinea del
+Toboso, he determined to listen to the music; and to let the damsel know
+he was there he gave a feigned sneeze, at which they were not a little
+pleased, as they desired above all things that he should hear them. The
+harp being now tuned, Altisidora began the following song[14]:--
+
+  Wake, sir knight, now love's invading,
+    Sleep in Holland sheets no more;
+  When a nymph is serenading,
+    'Tis an arrant shame to snore.
+
+  Hear a damsel tall and tender,
+    Moaning in most rueful guise,
+  With heart almost burned to cinder
+    By the sunbeams of thine eyes.
+
+  To free damsels from disaster
+    Is, they say, your daily care:
+  Can you then deny a plaster
+    To a wounded virgin here?
+
+  Tell me, doughty youth, who cursed thee
+    With such humors and ill-luck?
+  Was't some sullen bear dry-nursed thee,
+    Or she-dragon gave thee suck?
+
+  Dulcinea, that virago,
+    Well may brag of such a Cid,
+  Now her fame is up, and may go
+    From Toledo to Madrid.
+
+  Would she but her prize surrender,
+    (Judge how on thy face I dote!)
+  In exchange I'd gladly send her
+    My best gown and petticoat.
+
+  Happy I, would fortune doom me
+    But to have me near thy bed,
+  Stroke thee, pat thee, currycomb thee,
+    And hunt o'er thy knightly head.
+
+  But I ask too much, sincerely,
+    And I doubt I ne'er must do't,
+  I'd but kiss your toe, and fairly
+    Get the length thus of your foot.
+
+  How I'd rig thee, and what riches
+    Should be heaped upon thy bones!
+  Caps and socks, and cloaks and breeches,
+    Matchless pearls and precious stones.
+
+  Do not from above, like Nero,
+    See me burn and slight my woe,
+  But to quench my fires, my hero,
+    Cast a pitying eye below.
+
+  I'm a virgin-pullet, truly;
+    One more tender ne'er was seen.
+  A mere chicken fledged but newly;--
+    Hang me if I'm yet fifteen.
+
+  Wind and limb, all's tight about me,
+    My hair dangles to my feet;
+  I am straight, too:--if you doubt me,
+    Trust your eyes, come down and see't.
+
+  I've a bob nose has no fellow,
+    And a sparrow's mouth as rare;
+  Teeth, like bright topazes, yellow;
+    Yet I'm deemed a beauty here.
+
+  You know what a rare musician
+    (If you hearken) courts your choice;
+  I dare say my disposition
+    Is as taking as my voice.
+
+Here ended the song of the amorous Altisidora, and began the alarm of
+the courted Don Quixote, who, fetching a deep sigh, said within himself:
+"Why am I so unhappy a knight-errant that no damsel can see but she must
+presently fall in love with me? Why is the peerless Dulcinea so unlucky
+that she must not be suffered singly to enjoy this my incomparable
+constancy? Queens, what would ye have with her? Empresses, why do ye
+persecute her? Damsels from fourteen to fifteen, why do ye plague her?
+Leave, leave the poor creature; let her triumph and glory in the lot
+which love bestowed upon her in the conquest of my heart and the
+surrender of my soul. Take notice, enamored multitude, that to Dulcinea
+alone I am paste and sugar, and to all others flint. To her I am honey,
+and to the rest of ye aloes. To me, Dulcinea alone is beautiful,
+discreet, lively, modest, and well-born; all the rest of her sex foul,
+foolish, fickle, and base-born. To be hers, and hers alone, nature sent
+me into the world. Let Altisidora weep or sing, let the lady despair on
+whose account I was buffeted in the castle of the enchanted Moor; boiled
+or roasted, Dulcinea's I must be, clean, well-bred, and chaste, in spite
+of all the necromantic powers on earth."
+
+
+HOW THE GREAT SANCHO PANZA TOOK POSSESSION OF HIS ISLAND, AND OF THE
+MANNER OF HIS BEGINNING TO GOVERN IT.--THE GOVERNOR'S WISDOM.
+
+O thou ceaseless discoverer of the antipodes, torch of the world, eye of
+Heaven, and sweet cause of earthen wine coolers; here Thymbrius, there
+Phoebus; here archer, there physician, father of poesy, inventor of
+music; thou who always risest, and, though thou seemest to do so, never
+settest,--to thee I speak, O sun! thee I invoke to favor and enlighten
+the obscurity of the great Sancho Panza; without thee I find myself
+indolent, dispirited, and confused!
+
+Sancho, then, with all his attendants, arrived at a town containing
+about a thousand inhabitants, which was one of the largest and best the
+duke had. They gave him to understand that it was called the island of
+Barataria, either because Barataria was really the name of the place, or
+because he obtained the government of it at so cheap a rate. On his
+arrival near the gates of the town, which was walled about, the
+municipal officers came out to receive him. The bells rung, and, with
+all the demonstrations of a general joy and a great deal of pomp, the
+people conducted him to the great church to give thanks to God.
+Presently after, with certain ridiculous ceremonies, they presented him
+the keys of the town and constituted him perpetual governor of the
+island of Barataria. The garb, the beard, the thickness and shortness of
+the new governor, surprised all who were not in the secret, and, indeed,
+those who were, who were not a few. In fine, as soon as they had brought
+him out of the church, they carried him to the tribunal of justice and
+placed him in the chair. The duke's steward then said to him, "It is an
+ancient custom here, my lord governor, that he who comes to take
+possession of this famous island is obliged to answer a question put to
+him, which is to be somewhat intricate and difficult. By his answer the
+people are enabled to feel the pulse of their new governor's
+understanding, and, accordingly, are either glad or sorry for his
+coming."
+
+While the steward was saying this, Sancho was staring at some capital
+letters written on the wall opposite to his chair, and, being unable to
+read, he asked what that writing was on the wall. He was answered, "Sir,
+it is there written on what day your honor took possession of this
+island. The inscription runs thus: 'This day, such a day of the month
+and year, Signor Don Sancho Panza took possession of this island. Long
+may he enjoy it.'"
+
+"Pray who is it they call Don Sancho Panza?" demanded Sancho.
+
+"Your lordship," answered the steward! "for no other Panza, besides him
+now in the chair, ever came into this island."
+
+"Take notice, then, brother," returned Sancho, "that the _Don_ does not
+belong to me, nor ever did to any of my family. I am called plain Sancho
+Panza: my father was a Sancho, and my grandfather was a Sancho, and they
+were all Panzas, without any addition of _Dons_, or any other title
+whatever. I fancy there are more _Dons_ than stones in this island. But
+enough: God knows my meaning: and perhaps, if my government lasts four
+days, I may weed out these _Dons_ that over-run the country, and, by
+their numbers, are as troublesome as mosquitoes and cousins. On with
+your question, Master Steward, and I will answer the best I can, let the
+people be sorry or rejoice."
+
+About this time two men came into the court, the one clad like a country
+fellow, and the other like a tailor, with a pair of shears in his hand;
+and the tailor said: "My lord governor, I and this countryman come
+before your worship by reason this honest man came yesterday to my shop
+(saving your presence, I am a tailor, and have passed my examination,
+God be thanked), and putting a piece of cloth into my hands, asked me,
+'Sir, is there enough of this to make me a cap?' I, measuring the piece,
+answered Yes. Now he bade me view it again, and see if there was not
+enough for two. I guessed his drift, and told him there was. Persisting
+in his knavish intentions, my customer went on increasing the number of
+caps, and I still saying yes, till we came to five caps. A little time
+ago he came to claim them. I offered them to him, but he refuses to pay
+me for the making, and insists I shall either return him his cloth, or
+pay him for it."
+
+"Is all this so, brother?" demanded Sancho.
+
+"Yes," answered the man; "but pray, my lord, make him produce the five
+caps he has made me."
+
+"With all my heart," answered the tailor; and pulling his hand from
+under his cloak, he showed the five caps on the ends of his fingers and
+thumb, saying: "Here are the five caps this honest man would have me
+make, and on my soul and conscience, not a shred of the cloth is left,
+and I submit the work to be viewed by any inspectors of the trade."
+
+All present laughed at the number of the caps and the novelty of the
+suit. Sancho reflected a moment, and then said: "I am of opinion there
+needs no great delay in this suit, and it may be decided very equitably
+off-hand. Therefore I pronounce, that the tailor lose the making, and
+the countryman the stuff, and that the caps be confiscated to the use of
+the poor: and there is an end of that."
+
+If the sentence Sancho afterwards passed on the purse of the herdsman
+caused the admiration of all the bystanders, this excited their
+laughter. However, what the governor commanded was executed, and two old
+men next presented themselves before him. One of them carried a cane in
+his hand for a staff; the other, who had no staff, said to Sancho: "My
+lord, some time ago I lent this man ten crowns of gold to oblige and
+serve him, upon condition that he should return them on demand. I let
+some time pass without asking for them, being loth to put him to a
+greater strait to pay me than he was in when I lent them. But at length,
+thinking it full time to be repaid, I asked him for my money more than
+once, but to no purpose: he not only refuses payment, but denies the
+debt, and says I never lent him any such sum, or, if I did that he had
+already paid me. I have no witnesses to the loan, nor has he of the
+payment which he pretends to have made, but which I deny; yet if he will
+swear before your worship that he has returned the money, I from this
+minute acquit him before God and the world."
+
+"What say you to this, old gentleman?" quoth Sancho.
+
+"I confess, my lord," replied the old fellow, "that he did lend me the
+money, and if your worship pleases to hold down your wand of justice,
+since he leaves it to my oath, I will swear I have really and truly
+returned it to him."
+
+The governor accordingly held down his wand, and the old fellow, seeming
+encumbered with his staff, gave it to his creditor to hold while he was
+swearing; and then taking hold of the cross of the wand, he said it was
+true indeed the other had lent him ten crowns, but that he had restored
+them to him into his own hand; but having, he supposed, forgotten it, he
+was continually dunning him for them. Upon which his lordship the
+governor demanded of the creditor what he had to say in reply to the
+solemn declaration he had heard. He said that he submitted, and could
+not doubt but that his debtor had sworn the truth; for he believed him
+to be an honest man and a good Christian; and that, as the fault must
+have been in his own memory, he would thenceforward ask him no more for
+his money. The debtor now took his staff again, and bowing to the
+governor, went out of court.
+
+Sancho having observed the defendant take his staff and walk away, and
+noticing also the resignation of the plaintiff, he began to meditate,
+and laying the fore-finger of his right hand upon his forehead, he
+continued a short time apparently full of thought; and then raising his
+head, he ordered the old man with the staff to be called back; and when
+he had returned, "Honest friend," said the governor, "give me that
+staff, for I have occasion for it."
+
+"With all my heart," answered the old fellow; and delivered it into his
+hand. Sancho took it, and giving it to the other old man, said: "Go
+about your business, in God's name, for you are paid." "I, my lord,"
+answered the old man; "what! is this cane worth ten golden crowns?"
+
+"Yes," quoth the governor, "or I am the greatest dunce in the world! and
+now it shall appear whether I have a head to govern a whole kingdom."
+Straight he commanded the cane to be broken before them all. Which being
+done there were found in the hollow of it ten crowns in gold.
+
+All were struck with admiration, and took their new governor for a
+second Solomon. They asked him, whence he had collected that the ten
+crowns were in the cane. He answered, that upon seeing the old man give
+it his adversary, while he was taking the oath, and swearing that he
+had really and truly restored them into his own hands, and, when he had
+done, ask for it again, it came into his imagination, the money in
+dispute must be in the hollow of the cane. Whence it may be gathered,
+that, God Almighty often directs the judgment of those who govern,
+though otherwise mere blockheads: besides, he had heard the priest of
+his parish tell a like case; and, were it not that he was so unlucky as
+to forget all he had a mind to remember, his memory was so good, there
+would not have been a better in the whole island.
+
+At length, both the old men marched off, the one ashamed, and the other
+satisfied; the bystanders were surprised, and the secretary, who minuted
+down the words, actions, and behavior of Sancho Panza, could not
+determine with himself, whether he should set him down for a wise man or
+a fool. All the court were in admiration at the acuteness and wisdom of
+their new governor; all of whose sentences and decrees, being noted down
+by the appointed historiographer, were immediately transmitted to the
+duke, who waited for these accounts with the utmost impatience.
+
+  We see that governors, though otherwise fools, are sometimes
+  directed in their decisions by the hand of God.
+
+  Time is ever moving; nothing ever can impede his course.
+
+  An understanding in the beginning is often an effectual cure
+  for those who are indiscreetly in love.
+
+At eleven o'clock Don Quixote retired to his apartment, and finding a
+lute there, he tuned it, opened the window, and, perceiving there was
+somebody walking in the garden, he ran over the strings of the
+instrument; and, having tuned it again as nicely as he could, he coughed
+and cleared his throat; and then, with a voice somewhat hoarse, yet not
+unmusical, he sang the following song, which he had composed himself
+that very day:--
+
+THE ADVICE.
+
+MATTEAUX'S TRANSLATION.
+
+  Love, a strong, designing foe.
+    Careless hearts with ease deceives;
+  Can thy breast resist his blow,
+    Which your sloth unguarded leaves?
+
+  If you're idle you're destroyed,
+    All his art on you he tries;
+  But be watchful and employed,
+    Straight the baffled tempter flies.
+
+  Maids for modest grace admired,
+    If they would their fortunes raise,
+  Must in silence live retired:
+    'Tis their virtue speaks their praise.
+
+  The divine Tobosan fair,
+    Dulcinea, claims me whole;
+  Nothing can her image tear!
+    'Tis one substance with my soul.
+
+  Then let fortune smile or frown,
+    Nothing shall my faith remove;
+  Constant truth, the lover's crown,
+    Can work miracles in love.
+
+THE SAME AS TRANSLATED BY SMOLLETT.
+
+  Love, with idleness combined,
+  Will unhinge the tender mind:
+  But to few, to work and move,
+  Will exclude the force of love.
+  Blooming maids that would be married,
+  Must in virtue be unwearied;
+  Modesty a dower will raise,
+  And be a trumpet of their praise.
+  A cavalier will sport and play
+  With a damsel frank and gay;
+  But, when wedlock is his aim,
+  Choose a maid of sober fame.
+  Passion kindled in the breast,
+  By a stranger or a guest,
+  Enters with the rising sun,
+  And fleets before his race be run:
+  Love that comes so suddenly,
+  Ever on the wing to fly,
+  Neither can nor will impart
+  Strong impressions to the heart.
+  Pictures drawn on pictures, show
+  Strange confusion to the view:
+  Second beauty finds no base,
+  Where a first has taken place:
+  Then Dulcinea still shall reign
+  Without a rival or a stain;
+  Nor shall fate itself control
+  Her sway, or blot her from my soul:
+  Constancy, the lover's boast,
+  I'll maintain whate'er it cost:
+  This, my virtue will refine;
+  This will stamp my joys divine.
+
+THE SAME AS TRANSLATED BY JARVIS.
+
+  Love, with idleness is friend,
+  O'er a maiden gains its end:
+  But let business and employment
+  Fill up every careful moment;
+  These an antidote will prove
+  'Gainst the pois'nous arts of love.
+  Maidens that aspire to marry,
+  In their looks reserve should carry:
+  Modesty their price should raise,
+  And be the herald of their praise.
+  Knights, whom toils of arms employ,
+  With the free may laugh and toy;
+  But the modest only, choose
+  When they tie the nuptial noose.
+  Love that rises with the sun,
+  With his setting beams is gone:
+  Love that guest-like visits hearts,
+  When the banquet's o'er, departs:
+  And the love that comes to-day,
+  And to-morrow wings its way,
+  Leaves no traces on the soul,
+  Its affections to control.
+  Where a sovereign beauty reigns,
+  Fruitless are a rival's pains,--
+  O'er a finished picture who
+  E'er a second picture drew?
+  Fair Dulcinea, queen of beauty,
+  Rules my heart, and claims its duty,
+  Nothing there can take her place,
+  Naught her image can erase.
+  Whether fortune smile or frown,
+  Constancy 's the lover's crown;
+  And, its force divine to prove,
+  Miracles performs in love.
+
+
+THE GOVERNOR IN A RAGE.
+
+The history relates that Sancho Panza was conducted from the court of
+justice to a sumptuous palace, where in a great hall he found a
+magnificent entertainment prepared. He had no sooner entered than his
+ears were saluted by the sound of many instruments, and four pages
+served him with water to wash his hands, which the governor received
+with becoming gravity. The music having ceased, Sancho now sat down to
+dinner in a chair of state placed at the upper end of the table, for
+there was but one seat and only one plate and napkin. A personage, who,
+as it afterwards appeared, was a physician, took his stand at one side
+of his chair with a whalebone rod in his hand. They then removed the
+beautiful white cloth, which covered a variety of fruits and other
+eatables. Grace was said by one in a student's dress, and a laced bib
+was placed by a page under Sancho's chin. Another, who performed the
+office of sewer, now set a plate of fruit before him; but he had
+scarcely tasted it, when, on being touched by the wand-bearer, it was
+snatched away, and another containing meat instantly supplied its place.
+Yet before Sancho could make a beginning it vanished, like the former,
+on a signal of the wand.
+
+The governor was surprised at this proceeding, and looking around him,
+asked if this dinner was only to show off their sleight of hand.
+
+"My lord," said the wand-bearer, "your lordship's food must here be
+watched with the same care as is customary with the governors of other
+islands. I am a doctor of physic, sir, and my duty, for which I receive
+a salary, is to watch over the governor's health, whereof I am more
+careful than of my own. I study his constitution night and day, that I
+may know how to restore him when sick; and therefore think it incumbent
+on me to pay especial regard to his meals, at which I constantly
+preside, to see that he eats what is good and salutary, and prevent his
+touching whatever I imagine may be prejudicial to his health or
+offensive to his stomach. It was for that reason, my lord," continued
+he, "I ordered the dish of fruit to be taken away, as being too watery,
+and that other dish, as being too hot and over-seasoned with spices,
+which are apt to provoke thirst; and he that drinks much destroys and
+consumes the radical moisture, which is the fuel of life."
+
+"Well, then," quoth Sancho, "that plate of roasted partridges, which
+seem to me to be very well seasoned, I suppose will do me no manner of
+harm?"
+
+"Hold," said the doctor, "my lord governor shall not eat them while I
+live to prevent it."
+
+"Pray, why not?" quoth Sancho.
+
+"Because," answered the doctor, "our great master Hippocrates, the north
+star and luminary of medicine, says in one of his aphorisms, _Omnis
+saturatio mala, perdicis autem pessima_; which means, 'All repletion is
+bad, but that from partridges the worst.'"
+
+"If it be so," quoth Sancho, "pray cast your eye, signor doctor, over
+all these dishes here on the table, and see which will do me the most
+good or the least harm, and let me eat of it without whisking it away
+with your conjuring-stick; for, by my soul, and as Heaven shall give me
+life to enjoy this government, I am dying with hunger; and to deny me
+food--let signor doctor say what he will--is not the way to lengthen my
+life, but to cut it short."
+
+"Your worship is in the right, my lord governor," answered the
+physician, "and therefore I am of opinion you should not eat of these
+stewed rabbits, as being a food that is tough and acute; of that veal,
+indeed, you might have taken a little, had it been neither roasted nor
+stewed; but as it is, not a morsel."
+
+"What think you, then," said Sancho, "of that huge dish there, smoking
+hot, which I take to be an olla-podrida?--for, among the many things
+contained in it, I surely may light upon something both wholesome and
+toothsome."
+
+"_Absit!_" quoth the doctor, "far be such a thought from us.
+Olla-podrida! there is no worse dish in the world. Leave them to
+prebends and rectors of colleges or lusty feeders at country weddings;
+but let them not be seen on the tables of governors, where nothing
+contrary to health and delicacy should be tolerated. Simple medicines
+are always more estimable and safe, for in them there can be no mistake,
+whereas in such as are compounded all is hazard and uncertainty.
+Therefore, what I would at present advise my lord governor to eat, in
+order to corroborate and preserve his health, is about a hundred small
+rolled-up wafers, with some thin slices of marmalade, that may sit upon
+the stomach and help digestion."
+
+Sancho, hearing this, threw himself backward in his chair, and looking
+at the doctor from head to foot very seriously, asked him his name and
+where he had studied. To which he answered, "My lord governor, my name
+is Doctor Pedro Rezio de Aguero; I am a native of a place called
+Tirteafuera, lying between Caraquel and Almoddobar del Campo, on the
+right hand, and I have taken my doctor's degrees in the university of
+Ossuna."
+
+"Then, hark you," said Sancho in a rage, "Signor Doctor Pedro Rezzio de
+Aguero, native of Tirteafuera, lying on the right hand as we go from
+Caraquel to Almoddobar del Campo, graduate in Ossuna, get out of my
+sight this instant, or, by the light of Heaven, I will take a cudgel,
+and, beginning with your carcass, will so belabor all the physic-mongers
+in the island, that not one of the tribe shall be left!--I mean of those
+like yourself, who are ignorant quacks. For those who are learned and
+wise I shall make much of and honor as so many angels. I say again,
+Signor Pedro Rezio, begone, or I shall take the chair I sit on and comb
+your head to some tune; and if I am called to an account for it when I
+give up my office, I shall prove that I have done a good service in
+ridding the world of a bad physician, who is a public executioner. Body
+of me! give me something to eat, or let them take back their
+government,--for an office that will not find a man in victuals is not
+worth two beans."
+
+On seeing the governor in such a fury the doctor would have fled out in
+the hall had not the sound of a courier's horn at that instant been
+heard in the street. "A courier from my lord duke," said the sewer (who
+had looked out of the window), "and he must certainly have brought
+despatches of importance."
+
+The courier entered hastily, foaming with sweat and in great agitation,
+and pulling a packet out of his bosom, he delivered it into the
+governor's hands, and by him it was given to the steward, telling him to
+read the superscription, which was this: "To Don Sancho Panza, Governor
+of the Island of Barataria. To be delivered only to himself or to his
+secretary."
+
+"Who is my secretary?" said Sancho.
+
+"It is I, my lord," answered one who was present, "for I can read and
+write, and am, besides, a Biscayan."
+
+"With that addition," quoth Sancho, "you may very well be secretary to
+the emperor himself. Open the packet and see what it holds."
+
+The new secretary did so, and having run his eye over the contents, he
+said it was a business which required privacy. Accordingly, Sancho
+commanded all to retire excepting the steward and sewer; and when the
+hall was cleared, the secretary read the following letter:--
+
+"It has just come to my knowledge, Signor Don Panza, that certain
+enemies of mine intend very soon to make a desperate attack, by night,
+upon the island under your command; it is necessary, therefore, to be
+vigilant and alert, that you may not be taken by surprise. I have also
+received intelligence from trusty spies, that four persons in disguise
+are now in your town, sent thither by the enemy, who, fearful of your
+great talents, have a design upon your life. Keep a strict watch, be
+careful who are admitted to you, and eat nothing sent you as a present.
+I will not fail to send you assistance if you are in want of it.
+Whatever may be attempted, I have full reliance on your activity and
+judgment.
+
+"Your friend,
+
+"THE DUKE.
+
+"From this place, the 16th of August, at four in the morning."
+
+Sancho was astonished at this information, and the others appeared to be
+no less so. At length, turning to the steward, "I will tell you," said
+he, "the first thing to be done, which is to clap Doctor Rezio into a
+dungeon; for if anybody has a design to kill me, it is he, and that by
+the most lingering and the worst of all deaths,--starvation."
+
+"Be that as it may," said the steward, "it is my opinion your honor
+would do well to eat none of the meat here upon the table, for it was
+presented by some nuns, and it is a saying, 'The devil lurks behind the
+cross.'"
+
+"You are in the right," quoth Sancho, "and for the present give me only
+a piece of bread and some four pounds of grapes,--there can be no poison
+in them,--for, in truth, I cannot live without food, and if we must keep
+in readiness for these battles that threaten us, it is fit that we
+should be well fed, for the stomach upholds the heart and the heart the
+man. Do you, Mr. Secretary, answer the letter of my lord duke, and tell
+him his commands shall be obeyed throughout most faithfully; and present
+my dutiful respects to my lady duchess, and beg her not to forget to
+send a special messenger with my letter and bundle to my wife Teresa
+Panza, which I shall take as a particular favor, and will be her humble
+servant to the utmost of my power. And, by the way, you may put in my
+hearty service to my master, Don Quixote de la Mancha, that he may see
+that I am neither forgetful nor ungrateful; and as to the rest, I leave
+it to you, as a good secretary and a true Biscayan, to add whatever you
+please, or that may turn to the best account. Now away with this cloth,
+and bring me something that may be eaten, and then let these spies,
+murderers, and enchanters see how they meddle with me or my island."
+
+A page now entered, saying, "Here is a countryman who would speak with
+your lordship on business, as he says, of great importance."
+
+"It is very strange," quoth Saneho, "that these men of business should
+be so silly as not to see that this is not a time for such matters.
+What! we who govern and belike are not made of flesh and bone like
+other men! We are made of marble-stone, forsooth, and have no need of
+rest or refreshment! Before Heaven and upon my conscience, if my
+government lasts, as I have a glimmering it will not, I shall hamper
+more than one of these men of business! Well, for this once, tell the
+fellow to come in; but first see that he is no spy, nor one of my
+murderers."
+
+"He looks, my lord," answered the page, "like a simple fellow, and I am
+much mistaken if he be not as harmless as a crust of bread."
+
+"Your worship need not fear," quoth the steward, "since we are with
+you."
+
+"But now that Doctor Pedro Rezio is gone," quoth Sancho, "may I not have
+something to eat of substance and weight, though it were but a luncheon
+of bread and an onion?"
+
+"At night your honor shall have no cause to complain," quoth the sewer;
+"supper shall make up for the want of dinner."
+
+"Heaven grant it may," replied Sancho.
+
+
+THE COUNTRYMAN'S TALE.
+
+The countryman, who was of goodly presence, then came in, and it might
+be seen a thousand leagues off that he was an honest, good soul.
+
+"Which among you here is the lord governor?" said he.
+
+"Who should it be," answered the secretary, "but he who is seated in the
+chair?"
+
+"I humble myself in his presence," quoth the countryman; and kneeling
+down, he begged for his hand to kiss.
+
+Sancho refused it, and commanded him to rise and tell his business. The
+countryman did so, and said: "My lord, I am a husbandman, a native of
+Miguel Terra, two leagues from Ciudad Real."
+
+"What! another Tirteafuera?" quoth Sancho. "Say on, brother; for let me
+tell you, I know Miguel Terra very well; it is not very far from my own
+village."
+
+"The business is this, sir," continued the peasant: "by the mercy of
+Heaven I was married in peace and in the face of the holy Roman Catholic
+Church. I have two sons, bred scholars; the younger studies for
+bachelor, and the elder for licentiate. I am a widower, for my wife
+died, or rather a wicked physician killed her by improper medicines when
+she was pregnant; and if it had been God's will that the child had been
+born, and had proved a son, I would have put him to study for doctor,
+that he might not envy his two brothers, the bachelor and the
+licentiate."
+
+"So that, if your wife," quoth Sancho, "had not died, or had not been
+killed, you would not now be a widower."
+
+"No, certainly, my lord," answered the peasant.
+
+"We are much the nearer," replied Sancho; "go on, friend, for this is an
+hour rather for bed than business."
+
+"I say, then," quoth the countryman, "that my son who is to be the
+bachelor fell in love with a damsel in the same village, called Clara
+Perlerino, daughter of Andres Perlerino, a very rich farmer; which name
+of Perlerino came to them not by lineal or any other descent, but
+because all of that race are paralytic; and to mend the name, they call
+them Perlerinos. Indeed, to say the truth, the damsel is like any
+oriental pearl, and looked at on the right side seems a very flower of
+the field; but on the left not quite so fair, for on that side she wants
+an eye, which she lost by the small-pox; and though the pits in her face
+are many and deep, her admirers say they are not pits but graves wherein
+the hearts of her lovers are buried. So clean and delicate, too, is she,
+that to prevent defiling her face, she carries her nose so hooked up
+that it seems to fly from her mouth; yet for all that she looks
+charmingly, for she has a large mouth, and did she not lack half a score
+or a dozen front teeth she might pass and make a figure among the
+fairest. I say nothing of her lips, for they are so thin that, were it
+the fashion to reel lips, one might make a skein of them; but, being of
+a different color from what is usual in lips, they have a marvellous
+appearance, for they are streaked with blue, green, and orange-tawny.
+Pardon me, good my lord governor, if I paint so minutely the parts of
+her who is about to become my daughter; for in truth I love and admire
+her more than I can tell."
+
+"Paint what you will," quoth Sancho, "for I am mightily taken with the
+picture; and had I but dined, I would not desire a better dessert than
+your portrait."
+
+"It shall be always at your service," answered the peasant; "and the
+time may come when we may be acquainted, though we are not so now; and
+I assure you, my lord, if I could but paint her genteelness and the
+tallness of her person, you would admire: but that cannot be, because
+she is crooked, and crumpled up together, and her knees touch her mouth;
+though, for all that, you may see plainly that could she but stand
+upright she would touch the ceiling with her head. And she would ere now
+have given her hand to my bachelor to be his wife, but that she cannot
+stretch it out, it is so shrunk; nevertheless, her long guttered nails
+show the goodness of its make."
+
+"So far so good," quoth Sancho; "and now, brother, make account that you
+have painted her from head to foot. What is it you would be at? Come to
+the point without so many windings and turnings, so many fetches and
+digressions."
+
+"What I desire, my lord," answered the countryman, "is, that your
+lordship would do me the favor to give me a letter of recommendation to
+her father, begging his consent to the match, since we are pretty equal
+in our fortunes and natural endowments; for, to say the truth, my lord
+governor, my son is possessed, and scarcely a day passes in which the
+evil spirits do not torment him three or four times; and having thereby
+once fallen into the fire, his face is as shrivelled as a piece of
+scorched parchment, and his eyes are somewhat bleared and running; but,
+bless him! he has the temper of an angel, and did he not buffet and
+belabor himself, he would be a very saint for gentleness."
+
+"Would you have anything else, honest friend?" said Sancho.
+
+"One thing more I would ask," quoth the peasant, "but I dare not,--yet
+out it shall; come what may, it shall not rot in my breast. I say then,
+my lord, I could wish your worship to give me three or six hundred
+ducats towards mending the fortunes of my bachelor,--I mean, to assist
+in furnishing his house; for it is agreed that they shall live by
+themselves, without being subject to the impertinences of their
+fathers-in-law."
+
+"Well," quoth Sancho, "see if there is anything else you would have, and
+be not squeamish in asking."
+
+"No, nothing more," answered the peasant.
+
+The governor then rising, and seizing the chair on which he had been
+seated, exclaimed, "I vow to Heaven, Don Lubberly, saucy bumpkin, if you
+do not instantly get out of my sight, I will break your head with this
+chair! Son of a rascal, and the devil's own painter! At this time of day
+to come and ask me for six hundred ducats! Where should I have them,
+villain? And if I had them, idiot! why should I give them to thee? What
+care I for Miguel Terra, or for the whole race of the Perlerinos?
+Begone, I say! or, by the life of my lord duke, I will be as good as my
+word. Thou art no native of Miguel Terra, but some scoffer sent from the
+devil to tempt me. Impudent scoundrel! I have not yet had the government
+a day and a half, and you expect I should have six hundred ducats!"
+
+The sewer made signs to the countryman to go out of the hall, which he
+did, hanging down his head, and seemingly much afraid lest the governor
+should put his threat into execution,--for the knave knew very well how
+to play his part.
+
+But let us leave Sancho in his passion; peace be with him!
+
+
+  The devil will never give you a high nose if a flat nose
+  will serve your turn.
+
+  All is not gold that glitters.
+
+  I am fully convinced that judges and governors are, or ought
+  to be, made of brass, so as that they may not feel the
+  importunity of people of business, who expect to be heard
+  and despatched at all hours and at all seasons, come what
+  will, attending only to their own affairs; and if the poor
+  devil of a judge does not hear and despatch them, either
+  because it is not in his power, or it happens to be an
+  unseasonable time for giving audience, then they grumble and
+  backbite, gnaw him to the very bones, and even bespatter his
+  whole generation. Ignorant man of business! foolish man of
+  business! be not in such a violent hurry; wait for the
+  proper season and conjuncture, and come not at meals and
+  sleeping-time; for judges are made of flesh and blood, and
+  must give to nature that which nature requires.
+
+  Good physicians deserve palms and laurels.
+
+  Either we are, or we are not.
+
+  Walls have ears.
+
+  Let us all live and eat together in harmony and good
+  friendship.
+
+  When God sends the morning, the light shines upon all.
+
+  Make yourselves honey, and the flies will devour you.
+
+  Your idle and lazy people in a commonwealth are like drones
+  in a beehive, which only devour the honey the laboring bees
+  gather.
+
+  Every day produces something new in the world: jests turn
+  into earnest, and the biters are bit.
+
+  They who expect snacks should be modest, and take cheerfully
+  whatever is given them, and not haggle with the winners;
+  unless they know them to be sharpers, and their gains
+  unfairly gotten.
+
+
+THE GOVERNOR'S ROUND OF INSPECTION.
+
+After traversing a few streets, they heard the clashing of swords, and,
+hastening to the place, they found two men fighting. On seeing the
+officers coming they desisted, and one of them said, "Help, in the name
+of Heaven and the king! Are people to be attacked here, and robbed in
+the open streets?"
+
+"Hold, honest man," quoth Sancho, "and tell me what is the occasion of
+this fray; for I am the governor."
+
+His antagonist, interposing, said, "My lord governor, I will briefly
+relate the matter:--Your honor must know that this gentleman is just
+come from the gaming-house over the way, where he has been winning above
+a thousand reals, and heaven knows how, except that I, happening to be
+present, was induced, even against my conscience, to give judgment in
+his favor in many a doubtful point; and when I expected he would have
+given me something, though it were but the small matter of a crown, by
+way of present, as it is usual with gentlemen of character like myself,
+who stand by, ready to back unreasonable demands, and to prevent
+quarrels, up he got, with his pockets filled, and marched out of the
+house.
+
+"Surprised and vexed at such conduct, I followed him, civilly reminded
+him that he could not refuse me the small sum of eight reals, as he knew
+me to be a man of honor, without either office or pension; my parents
+having brought me up to nothing: yet this knave, who is as great a thief
+as Cacus, and as arrant a sharper as Andradilla, would give me but four
+reals! Think, my lord governor, what a shameless and unconscionable
+fellow he is! But as I live had it not been for your worship coming, I
+would have made him disgorge his winnings, and taught him how to balance
+accounts."
+
+"What shall be done," replied Sancho, "is this: you, master winner,
+whether by fair play or foul, instantly give your hackster here a
+hundred reals, and pay down thirty more for the poor prisoners; and you,
+sir, who have neither office nor pension, nor honest employment, take
+the hundred reals, and, some time to-morrow, be sure you get out of
+this island, nor set foot in it again these ten years, unless you would
+finish your banishment in the next life: for if I find you here, I will
+make you swing on a gibbet--at least the hangman shall do it for me: so
+let no man reply, or he shall repent it."
+
+The decree was immediately executed: the one disbursed, the other
+received; the one quitted the island, the other went home.
+
+
+  Cheats are always at the mercy of their accomplices.
+
+  The maid that would keep her good name, stays at home as if
+  she were lame. A hen and a housewife, whatever they cost, if
+  once they go gadding will surely be lost. And she that longs
+  to see, I ween, is as desirous to be seen.
+
+  Good fortune wants only a beginning.
+
+  When they offer thee a government, lay hold of it.
+
+  When an earldom is put before thee, lay thy clutches on it.
+
+  When they throw thee some beneficial bone, snap at the
+  favor; if not, sleep on and never answer to good fortune and
+  preferment when they knock at thy door.
+
+  Truth will always rise uppermost, as oil rises above water.
+
+  Seeing is believing.
+
+  According to reason, each thing has its season.
+
+  When justice is doubtful, I should lean to the side of
+  mercy.
+
+
+A MESSENGER TO TERESA PANZA.
+
+Being desirous to please his lord and lady, he set off with much glee to
+Sancho's village. Having arrived near it, he inquired of some women whom
+he saw washing in a brook if there lived not in that town one Teresa
+Panza, wife of one Sancho Panza, squire to a knight called Don Quixote
+de la Mancha.
+
+"That Teresa Panza is my mother," said a young lass who was washing
+among the rest, "and that Sancho my own father, and that knight our
+master."
+
+"Are they so?" quoth the page: "come then, my good girl, and lead me to
+your mother, for I have a letter and a token for her from that same
+father of yours."
+
+"That I will, with all my heart, sir," answered the girl (who seemed to
+be about fourteen years of age); and leaving the linen she was washing
+to one of her companions, without stopping to cover either her head or
+feet, away she ran skipping along before the page's horse, bare-legged,
+and her hair dishevelled.
+
+"Come along, sir, an 't please you," quoth she, "for our house stands
+hard by, and you will find my mother in trouble enough for being so long
+without tidings of my father."
+
+"Well," said the page, "I now bring her news that will cheer her heart,
+I warrant her."
+
+So on he went, with his guide running, skipping, and capering before
+him, till they reached the village, and, before she got up to the house,
+she called out aloud, "Mother, mother, come out! here's a gentleman who
+brings letters and other things from my good father."
+
+At these words out came her mother Teresa Panza with a distaff in her
+hand--for she was spinning flax. She was clad in a russet petticoat, so
+short that it looked as if it had been docked at the placket, with a
+jacket of the same, and the sleeves of her under-garment hanging about
+it. She appeared to be about forty years of age and was strong, hale,
+sinewy, and hard as a hazel-nut.
+
+"What is the matter, girl?" quoth she, seeing her daughter with the
+page; "what gentleman is that?"
+
+"It is an humble servant of my Lady Donna Teresa Panza," answered the
+page; and throwing himself from his horse, with great respect he went
+and kneeled before the Lady Teresa, saying, "Be pleased, Signora Donna
+Teresa, to give me your ladyship's hand to kiss, as the lawful wife of
+Signor Don Sancho Panza, sole governor of the island of Barataria."
+
+"Alack-a-day, good sir, how you talk!" she replied: "I am no court-dame,
+but a poor country woman, daughter of a ploughman, and wife indeed of a
+squire-errant, but no governor."
+
+"Your ladyship," answered the page, "is the most worthy wife of a
+thrice-worthy governor, and to confirm the truth of what I say, be
+pleased, madam, to receive what I here bring you."
+
+He then drew the letter from his pocket, and a string of corals, each
+bead set in gold, and, putting it about her neck, he said, "This letter
+is from my lord governor, and another that I have here, and those corals
+are from my lady duchess, who sends me to your ladyship."
+
+Teresa and her daughter were all astonishment.
+
+"May I die," said the girl, "if our master Don Quixote be not at the
+bottom of this--as sure as day he has given my father the government or
+earldom he has so often promised him."
+
+"It is even so," answered the page; "and for Signor Don Quixote's sake,
+my Lord Sancho is now governor of the island of Barataria, as the letter
+will inform you."
+
+"Pray, young gentleman," quoth Teresa, "be pleased to read it; for
+though I can spin I cannot read a jot."
+
+"Nor I neither, i' faith," cried Sanchica; "but stay a little, and I
+will fetch one who can, either the bachelor Sampson Carrasco or the
+priest himself, who will come with all their hearts to hear news of my
+father."
+
+"You need not take that trouble," said the page; "for I can read though
+I cannot spin, and will read it to you." Which he accordingly did: but
+as its contents have already been given, it is not here repeated. He
+then produced the letter from the duchess, and read as follows:--
+
+"FRIEND TERESA,--
+
+"Finding your husband Sancho worthy of my esteem for his honesty and
+good understanding, I prevailed upon the duke, my spouse, to make him
+governor of one of the many islands in his possession. I am informed he
+governs like any hawk; at which I and my lord duke are mightily pleased,
+and give many thanks to Heaven that I have not been deceived in my
+choice, for madam Teresa may be assured that it is no easy matter to
+find a good governor--and God make me as good as Sancho governs well. I
+have sent you, my dear friend, a string of corals set in gold--I wish
+they were oriental pearls; but whoever gives thee a bone has no mind to
+see thee dead: the time will come when we shall be better acquainted,
+and converse with each other, and then heaven knows what may happen.
+Commend me to your daughter Sanchica, and tell her from me to get
+herself ready; for I mean to have her highly married when she least
+expects it. I am told the acorns near your town are very large--pray
+send me some two dozen of them; for I shall value them the more as
+coming from your hand. Write to me immediately, to inform me of your
+health and welfare; and if you want anything, you need but open your
+mouth, and it shall be measured. So God keep you.
+
+"Your loving Friend,
+
+"The DUCHESS.
+
+"From this place."
+
+"Ah!" quoth Teresa, at hearing the letter, "how good, how plain, how
+humble a lady! let me be buried with such ladies as this, say I and not
+with such proud madams as this town affords, who think because they are
+gentlefolks, the wind must not blow upon them; and go flaunting to
+church as if they were queens! they seem to think it a disgrace to look
+upon a peasant woman: and yet you see how this good lady, though she be
+a duchess, calls me friend, and treats me as if I were her equal!--and
+equal may I see her to the highest steeple in La Mancha! As to the
+acorns, sir, I will send her ladyship a peck of them, and such as, for
+their size, people shall come from far and near to see and admire. But
+for the present, Sanchica, let us make much of this gentleman. Do thou
+take care of his horse, child, and bring some new-laid eggs out of the
+stable, and slice some rashers of bacon, and let us entertain him like
+any prince; for his good news and his own good looks deserve no less."
+
+Sanchica now came in with her lap full of eggs. "Pray, sir," said she to
+the page, "does my father, now he is a governor, wear trunk-hose?"[15]
+
+"I never observed," answered the page, "but doubtless he does."
+
+"God's my life!" replied Sanchica, "what a sight to see my father in
+long breeches? Is it not strange that ever since I was born I have
+longed to see my father with breeches of that fashion laced to his
+girdle?"
+
+"I warrant you will have that pleasure if you live," answered the page;
+"before Heaven, if his government lasts but two months, he is likely to
+travel with a cape to his cap." [16]
+
+
+OF THE PROGRESS OF SANCHO PANZA'S GOVERNMENT.
+
+The first business that occurred on that day was an appeal to his
+judgment in a case which was thus stated by a stranger--the appellant:
+"My lord," said he, "there is a river which passes through the domains
+of a certain lord, dividing it into two parts--I beseech your honor to
+give me your attention, for it is a case of great importance and some
+difficulty. I say, then, that upon this river there was a bridge, and at
+one end of it a gallows and a kind of court-house, where four judges sit
+to try, and pass sentence upon those who are found to transgress a
+certain law enacted by the proprietor, which runs thus: 'Whoever would
+pass over this bridge must first declare upon oath whence he comes, and
+upon what business he is going; and if he swears the truth, he shall
+pass over; but if he swears to a falsehood, he shall certainly die upon
+a gibbet there provided.'
+
+"After this law was made known, many persons ventured over it, and the
+truth of what they swore being admitted, they were allowed freely to
+pass. But a man now comes demanding a passage over the bridge; and, on
+taking the required oath, he swears that he is going to be executed
+upon the gibbet before him, and that he has no other business. The
+judges deliberated, but would not decide. 'If we let this man pass
+freely,' said they, 'he will have sworn falsely, and by the law, he
+ought to die: and, if we hang him, he will verify his oath, and he,
+having sworn the truth, ought to have passed unmolested as the law
+ordains.' The case, my lord, is yet suspended, for the judges know not
+how to act; and, therefore having heard of your lordship's great wisdom
+and acuteness, they have sent me humbly to beseech your lordship on
+their behalf, to give your opinion in so intricate and perplexing a
+case."
+
+"To deal plainly with you," said Sancho, "these gentlemen judges who
+sent you to me might have saved themselves and you the labor; for I have
+more of the blunt than the acute in me. However, let me hear your
+question once more, that I may understand it the better, and mayhap I
+may chance to hit the right nail on the head."
+
+The man accordingly told his tale once or twice more, and when he had
+done, the governor thus delivered his opinion: "To my thinking," said
+he, "this matter may soon be settled; and I will tell you how. The man,
+you say, swears he is going to die upon the gallows; and if he is
+hanged, it would be against the law, because he swore the truth; and if
+they do not hang him, why then he swore a lie, and ought to have
+suffered."
+
+"It is just as you say, my lord governor," said the messenger, "and
+nothing more is wanting to a right understanding of the case."
+
+"I say, then," continued Sancho, "that they must let that part of the
+man pass that swore the truth and hang that part that swore the lie, and
+thereby the law will be obeyed."
+
+"If so, my lord," replied the stranger, "the man must be divided into
+two parts; and thereby he will certainly die, and thus the law, which we
+are bound to observe, is in no respect complied with."
+
+"Harkee, honest man," said Sancho, "either I have no brains, or there is
+as much reason to put this passenger to death as to let him live and
+pass the bridge; for, if the truth saves him, the lie also condemns him,
+and this being so, you may tell those gentlemen who sent you to me, that
+since the reasons for condemning and acquitting him are equal, they
+should let the man pass freely, for it is always more commendable to do
+good than to do harm."
+
+Sancho having plentifully dined that day, in spite of all the aphorisms
+of Dr. Tirteafuera, when the cloth was removed in came an express with a
+letter from Don Quixote to the governor. Sancho ordered the secretary to
+read it to himself, and if there was nothing in it for secret perusal,
+then to read it aloud. The secretary having first run it over,
+accordingly, "My lord," said he, "the letter may not only be publicly
+read, but deserves to be engraved in characters of gold; and thus it
+is:--"
+
+DON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHA TO SANCHO PANZA, GOVERNOR OF THE ISLAND OF
+BARATARIA.
+
+"When I expected to have had an account of thy carelessness and
+blunders, friend Sancho, I was agreeably disappointed with news of thy
+wise behavior,--for which I return thanks to Heaven, that can raise the
+lowest from their poverty and turn the fool into a man of sense. I hear
+thou governest with all discretion; and that, nevertheless, thou
+retainest the humility of the meanest creature. But I would observe to
+thee, Sancho, that it is often expedient and necessary, for the due
+support of authority, to act in contradiction to the humility of the
+heart. The personal adornments of one that is raised to a high situation
+must correspond with his present greatness, and not with his former
+lowliness. Let thy apparel, therefore, be good and becoming; for the
+hedgestake, when decorated no longer, appears what it really is. I do
+not mean that thou shouldst wear jewels or finery; nor, being a judge,
+would I have thee dress like a soldier; but adorn thyself in a manner
+suitable to thy employment. To gain the good-will of thy people, two
+things, among others, thou must not fail to observe: one is, to be
+courteous to all,--that, indeed, I have already told thee; the other is,
+to take especial care that the people be exposed to no scarcity of food,
+for, with the poor, hunger is, of all afflictions, the most
+insupportable. Publish few edicts, but let those be good; and, above
+all, see that they are well observed, for edicts that are not kept are
+the same as not made, and serve only to show that the prince, though he
+had wisdom and authority to make them had not the courage to insist upon
+their execution. Laws that threaten and are not enforced become like
+King Log, whose croaking subjects first feared, then despised him. Be a
+father to virtue and a step-father to vice. Be not always severe, nor
+always mild; but choose the happy mean between them, which is the true
+point of discretion. Visit the prisons, the shambles, and the markets;
+for there the presence of the governor is highly necessary. Such
+attention is a comfort to the prisoner hoping for release; it is a
+terror to the butchers, who then dare not make use of false weights; and
+the same effect is produced on all other dealers. Shouldst thou
+unhappily be secretly inclined to avarice, to gluttony, or women,--which
+I hope thou art not,--avoid showing thyself guilty of these vices; for,
+when those who are concerned with thee discover thy ruling passion, they
+will assault thee on that quarter, nor leave thee till they have
+effected thy destruction. View and review, consider and reconsider, the
+counsels and documents I gave thee in writing before thy departure hence
+to thy government, and in them thou wilt find a choice supply to sustain
+thee through the toils and difficulties which governors must continually
+encounter. Write to thy patrons, the duke and duchess, and show thyself
+grateful, for ingratitude is the daughter of pride, and one of the
+greatest sins; whereas, he who is grateful to those that have done him
+service, thereby testifies that he will be grateful also to God, his
+constant benefactor.
+
+"My lady duchess has despatched a messenger to thy wife Teresa with thy
+hunting-suit, and also a present from herself. We expect an answer every
+moment. I have been a little out of order with a certain cat-clawing
+which befell me, not much to the advantage of my nose; but it was
+nothing, for if there are enchanters who persecute me, there are others
+who defend me. Let me know if the steward who is with thee had any hand
+in the actions of the Trifaldi, as thou hast suspected; and give me
+advice, from time to time, of all that happens to thee, since the
+distance between us is so short. I think of quitting this idle life very
+soon, for I was not born for luxury and ease. A circumstance has
+occurred which may, I believe, tend to deprive me of the favor of the
+duke and duchess; but, though it afflicts me much, it affects not my
+determination, for I must comply with the duties of my profession in
+preference to any other claim; as it is often said, _Amicus Plato, sed
+magis amica veritas_. I write this in Latin, being persuaded that thou
+hast learned that language since thy promotion. Farewell, and God have
+thee in His keeping; so mayst thou escape the pity of the world.
+
+"Thy friend,
+
+"DON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHA."
+
+Sancho gave great attention to the letter; and it was highly applauded,
+both for sense and integrity, by everybody that heard it. After that, he
+rose from the table, and calling the secretary, went without any further
+delay and locked himself up with him in his chamber, to write an answer
+to his master, Don Quixote, which was as follows:--
+
+SANCHO PANZA TO DON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHA.
+
+"I am so taken up with business that I have not yet had time to let you
+know whether it goes well or ill with me in this same government, where
+I am more hunger-starved than when you and I wandered through woods and
+wildernesses.
+
+"My lord duke wrote to me the other day to inform me of some spies that
+were got into this island to kill me; but as yet I have discovered none
+but a certain doctor, hired by the islanders to kill all the governors
+that come near it. They call him Dr. Pedro Rezio de Anguero, and he was
+born at Tirteafuera. His name is enough to make me fear he will be the
+death of me. This same doctor says of himself, that he does cure
+diseases when you have them; but when you have them not, he only
+pretends to keep them from coming. The physic he uses is fasting upon
+fasting, till he turns a body to a mere skeleton; as if to be wasted to
+skin and bones were not as bad as a fever. In short, he starves me to
+death; so that, when I thought, as being a governor, to have plenty of
+good hot victuals and cool liquor, and to repose on a soft feather-bed,
+I am come to do penance like a hermit.
+
+"I have not yet so much as fingered the least penny of money, either for
+fees or anything else; and how it comes to be no better with me I cannot
+imagine, for I have heard that the governors who come to this island are
+wont to have a very good gift, or at least a very round sum given them
+by the town before they enter. And they say, too, that this is the usual
+custom, not only here but in other places.
+
+"Last night, in going my rounds, I met with a mighty handsome damsel in
+boy's clothes, and a brother of hers in woman's apparel. My
+gentleman-waiter fell in love with the girl, and intends to make her
+his wife, as he says. As for the youth, I have pitched on him to be my
+son-in-law. To-day we both design to talk to the father, one Diego de la
+Llana, who is a gentleman, and an old Christian every inch of him.
+
+"I visit the markets as you advised me, and yesterday found one of the
+hucksters selling hazel-nuts. She pretended they were all new; but I
+found she had mixed a whole bushel of old, empty, rotten nuts among the
+same quantity of new. With that I adjudged them to be given to the
+hospital boys, who know how to pick the good from the bad, and gave
+sentence against her that she should not come into the market for
+fifteen days; and people said I did well.
+
+"I am mighty well pleased that my lady duchess has written to my wife,
+Teresa Pauza, and sent her the token you mention. It shall go hard but I
+will requite her kindness one time or other. Pray give my service to
+her, and tell her from me she has not cast her gift in a broken sack, as
+something more than words shall show.
+
+"If I might advise you, and had my wish, there should be no falling out
+between your worship and my lord and lady; for, if you quarrel with
+them, it is I must come by the worst for it. And, since you mind me of
+being grateful, it will not look well in you not to be so to those who
+have made so much of you at their castle.
+
+"If my wife, Teresa Panza, writes to me, pray pay the postage and send
+me the letter; for I have a mighty desire to know how fares it with her,
+and my house and children. So Heaven protect your worship from
+evil-minded enchanters, and bring me safe and sound out of this
+government; which I very much doubt, seeing how I am treated by Doctor
+Pedro Rezio.
+
+"Your worship's servant,
+
+"SANCHO PANZA, _the Governor_."
+
+
+TERESA PANZA'S LETTER TO HER HUSBAND, SANCHO PANZA.
+
+"I received thy letter, dear Sancho of my soul, and I promise and swear
+to thee, on the faith of a Catholic Christian, I was within two
+finger-breadths of running mad with joy; and take notice, brother, when
+I heard thou wast a governor, I had liked to have dropped down dead with
+pure pleasure; for thou knowest they say sudden joy kills as well as
+deadly sorrow.
+
+"Thy hunting-suit lay before me, the string of corals sent by lady
+duchess was tied round my neck, the letters were in my hand, and the
+messenger in my presence; and yet I imagined and believed that all I saw
+and handled was a dream, for who could conceive that a goatherd should
+come to be governor of islands? Thou knowest, my friend, that my mother
+said, 'One must live long to see a great deal.' This I mention because I
+hope to see more if I live longer, for I do not intend to stop until I
+see thee a farmer or collector of the revenue,--offices which, though
+they carry those who abuse them to the devil, are, in short, always
+bringing in the penny.
+
+"My lady duchess will tell thee how desirous I am of going to court.
+Consider of it, and let me know thy pleasure, for I will endeavor to do
+thee honor there by riding in my coach.
+
+"The curate, barber, bachelor, and even the sexton, cannot believe thou
+art a governor, and say the whole is a deception or matter of
+enchantment, like all the affairs of thy master, Don Quixote. Sampson
+vows he will go in quest of thee, and drive this government out of thy
+head, as well as the madness out of Don Quixote's skull. I say nothing,
+but laugh in my own sleeve, look at my beads, and contrive how to make
+thy hunting-suit into a gown and petticoat for our daughter. I have sent
+some acorns to my lady duchess, and I wish they were of gold. Send me
+some strings of pearls, if they are in fashion in thy island.
+
+"The news of our town are these: the widow of the hill has matched her
+daughter with a bungling painter, who came here and undertook all sort
+of work. The corporation employed him to paint the king's arms over the
+gate of the town-house. He asked them two ducats for the job, which they
+paid beforehand; so he fell to it and worked eight days, at the end of
+which he had made nothing of it, and said he could not bring his hand to
+paint such trumpery, and returned the money; yet, for all that, he
+married in the name of a good workman. The truth is, he has left his
+brushes and taken up the spade, and goes to the field like a gentleman.
+Pedro de Lobo's son has taken orders and shaved his crown, meaning to be
+a priest. Minguilla, Mingo Silvato's niece, hearing of it, is suing him
+upon a promise of marriage. We have had no olives this year, nor is
+there a drop of vinegar to be had in all the town. A company of
+foot-soldiers passed through here, and carried off with them three
+girls. I will not say who they are; mayhap they will return, and
+somebody or other marry them, with all their faults. Sanchica makes
+bone-lace, and gets eight maravedis a day, which she drops into a
+saving-box, to help her toward household stuff; but now that she is a
+governor's daughter, she has no need to work, for thou wilt give her a
+portion without it. The fountain in our market-place is dried up. A
+thunderbolt fell upon the pillory, and there may they all alight! I
+expect an answer to this, and about my going to court. And so God grant
+thee more years than myself, or as many, for I would not willingly leave
+thee behind me.
+
+"Thy wife,
+
+"TERESA PANZA."
+
+To think that the affairs of this life are always to remain in the same
+state is an erroneous fancy. The face of things rather seems continually
+to change and roll with circular motion; summer succeeds the spring,
+autumn the summer, winter the autumn, and then spring again. So time
+proceeds in this perpetual round; only the life of man is ever hastening
+to its end, swifter than time itself, without hopes to be renewed,
+unless in the next, that is unlimited and infinite. For even by the
+light of nature and without that of faith, many have discovered the
+swiftness and instability of this present being, and the duration of the
+eternal life which is expected.
+
+  "I know St. Peter is well at Rome," meaning every one does
+  well to follow the employment to which he was bred.
+
+  Let no one stretch his feet beyond the length of his sheet.
+
+  When thou art in Rome follow the fashions of Rome.
+
+  Sweet is our love of native land.
+
+  The prudent man who is expecting to be deprived of his
+  habitation looks out for another before he is turned out of
+  doors.
+
+  Well-got wealth may meet disaster,
+  But ill-got wealth destroys its master.
+
+  Bread is relief for all kind of grief.
+
+  We can bear with patience the ill-luck that comes alone.
+
+  Man projects in vain,
+  For God doth still ordain.
+
+  As is the reason,
+  Such is the season.
+
+  Let no man presume to think
+  Of this cup I will not drink.
+  Where the flitch we hope to find,
+  Not even a hook is left behind.
+
+  Keep a safe conscience, and let people say what they will.
+
+  It is as impracticable to tie up the tongue of malice as to
+  erect barricades in the open fields.
+
+"If a governor resigns his office in good circumstances, people say he
+must have been an oppressor and a knave; and if poverty attends him in
+his retreat, they set him down as an idiot and fool."
+
+"For this time," answered Sancho, "I am certain they will think me more
+fool than knave."
+
+  The great Sancho Panza, the flower and mirror of all island
+  governors.
+
+  A law neglected is the same as if it had never been enacted.
+
+  Give always to the cat
+  What was kept for the rat,
+  And let it be thy view
+  All mischief to eschew.
+
+  It is fitting that all who receive a benefit should show
+  themselves grateful, though it be only a trifle.
+
+SONG OF ALTISIDORA.
+
+    Stay, cruel knight,
+    Take not thy flight,
+  Nor spur thy battered jade;
+    Thy haste restrain,
+    Draw in the rein,
+  And hear a love-sick maid.
+    Why dost thou fly?
+    No snake am I,
+  That poison those I love.
+    Gentle I am
+    As any lamb,
+  And harmless as a dove.
+    Thy cruel scorn
+    Has left forlorn
+  A nymph whose charms may vie
+    With theirs who sport
+    In Cynthia's court,
+  Though Venus' self were by.
+Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,
+Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!
+
+    Like ravenous kite
+    That takes its flight
+  Soon as't has stol'n a chicken,
+    Thou bear'st away
+    My heart, thy prey,
+  And leav'st me here to sicken.
+    Three night-caps, too,
+    And garters blue,
+  That did to legs belong
+    Smooth to the sight
+    As marble white,
+  And faith, almost as strong.
+    Two thousand groans,
+    As many moans,
+  And sighs enough to fire
+    Old Priam's town,
+    And burn it down,
+  Did it again aspire.
+Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,
+Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!
+
+    May Sancho ne'er
+    His buttocks bare
+  Fly-flap, as is his duty;
+    And thou still want
+    To disenchant
+  Dulcinea's injured beauty.
+    May still transformed,
+    And still deformed,
+  Toboso's nymph remain,
+    In recompense
+    Of thy offence,
+  Thy scorn and cold disdain.
+    When thou dost wield
+    Thy sword in field,
+  In combat, or in quarrel,
+    Ill-luck and harms
+    Attend thy arms,
+  Instead of fame and laurel.
+Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,
+Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!
+
+    May thy disgrace
+    Fill every place,
+  Thy falsehood ne'er be hid,
+    But round the world
+    Be tossed and hurled,
+  From Seville to Madrid.
+    If, brisk and gay,
+    Thou sitt'st to play
+  At ombre or at chess,
+    May ne'er spadille
+    Attend thy will,
+  Nor luck thy movements bless.
+    Though thou with care
+    Thy corns dost pare,
+  May blood the penknife follow;
+    May thy gums rage,
+    And naught assuage
+  The pain of tooth that's hollow.
+Since, fugitive knight, to no purpose I woo thee,
+Barabbas's fate still pursue and undo thee!
+
+  Liberty is one of the most precious gifts which Heaven hath
+  bestowed on man, exceeding all the treasures which earth
+  encloses, or which ocean hides; and for this blessing, as
+  well as for honor, we may and ought to venture life itself.
+  On the other hand, captivity and restraint are the greatest
+  evils that human nature can endure. I make this observation,
+  Sancho, because thou hast seen the delicacies and the plenty
+  with which we were entertained in that castle; yet, in the
+  midst of those savory banquets and ice-cooled potations, I
+  thought myself confined within the very straits of famine,
+  because I did not enjoy the treat with that liberty which I
+  should have felt had it been my own.
+
+  Obligations incurred by benefits and favors received are
+  fetters which hamper the free-born soul.
+
+  Happy is he to whom Heaven hath sent a morsel of bread, for
+  which he is obliged to none but Heaven itself.
+
+  The man in wisdom must be old
+  Who knows in giving where to hold.
+
+  All times are not the same, nor equally fortunate; and those
+  incidents which the vulgar call omens, though not founded on
+  any natural reason, have, even by persons of sagacity, been
+  held and deemed as fair and fortunate. One of these
+  superstitious omen-mongers rises in the morning, goes
+  abroad, chances to meet a friar belonging to the beatified
+  St. Francis; and as if he had encountered a dragon in his
+  way, runs back to his own house with fear and consternation.
+  Another Foresight by accident scatters the salt upon the
+  table, by which fear and melancholy are scattered through
+  his heart; as if Nature was obliged to foretell future
+  misfortunes by such trivial signs and tokens; whereas a
+  prudent man and a good Christian will not so minutely
+  scrutinize the purposes of Heaven. Scipio, chancing to fall
+  in landing upon the coast of Afric, and perceiving that his
+  soldiers looked upon this accident as a bad omen, he
+  embraced the soil with seeming eagerness, saying, "Thou
+  shalt not 'scape me, Afric, for I have thee safe in my
+  arms."
+
+  Love has no respect of persons, and laughs at the
+  admonitions of reason; like Death, he pursues his game both
+  in the stately palaces of kings and the humble huts of
+  shepherds. When he has got a soul fairly in his clutches,
+  his first business is to deprive it of all shame and fear.
+
+  Beauty, they say, is the chief thing in love-matters.
+
+"Hearken to me, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "there are two kinds of
+beauty,--the one of the mind, the other of the body. That of the mind
+shines forth in good sense and good conduct, in modesty, liberality, and
+courtesy; and all these qualities may be found in one who has no
+personal attractions; and when that species of beauty captivates, it
+produces a vehement and superior passion. I well know, Sancho, that I am
+not handsome, but I know also that I am not deformed; and a man of
+worth, if he be not hideous, may inspire love, provided he has those
+qualities of the mind which I have mentioned."
+
+Of all the sins that men commit, though some say pride, in my opinion
+ingratitude is the worst. It is truly said that hell is full of the
+ungrateful. From that foul crime I have endeavored to abstain ever since
+I enjoyed the use of reason; and if I cannot return the good offices
+done me by equal benefits, I substitute my desire to repay them; and if
+this be not enough, I publish them: for he who proclaims the favors he
+has received would return them if he could. And generally the power of
+the receiver is unequal to that of the giver, like the bounty of Heaven,
+to which no man can make an equal return. But, though utterly unable to
+repay the unspeakable beneficence of God, gratitude affords an humble
+compensation suited to our limited powers.
+
+  Lay a bridge of silver for a flying enemy.
+
+  Let Martha die, so that she be well fed.
+
+  He that has skill should handle the quill.
+
+  There is no greater folly than to give way to despair.
+
+  Patience often falls to the ground when it is over-loaded
+  with injuries.
+
+  Alexander the Great ventured to cut the Gordian knot, on the
+  supposition that cutting would be as effectual as untying
+  it, and, notwithstanding this violence, became sole master
+  of all Asia.
+
+  "Be not concerned," said Roque, addressing himself to Don
+  Quixote, "nor tax Fortune with unkindness. By thus
+  stumbling, you may chance to stand more firmly than ever;
+  for Heaven, by strange and circuitous ways,
+  incomprehensible to men, is wont to raise the fallen and
+  enrich the needy."
+
+  Oh, maddening sting of jealousy, how deadly thy effects!
+
+  Justice must needs be a good thing, for it is necessary even
+  among thieves.
+
+  "Signor Roque," said he, "the beginning of a cure consists
+  in the knowledge of the distemper and in the patient's
+  willingness to take the medicines prescribed to him by his
+  physician. You are sick; you know your malady, and God, our
+  physician, is ready with medicines that, in time, will
+  certainly effect a cure. Besides, sinners of good
+  understanding are nearer to amendment than those who are
+  devoid of it; and, as your superior sense is manifest be of
+  good cheer and hope for your entire recovery. If in this
+  desirable work you would take the shortest way and at once
+  enter that of your salvation, come with me and I will teach
+  you to be a knight-errant,--a profession, it is true, full
+  of labors and disasters, but which, being placed to the
+  account of penance, will not fail to lead you to honor and
+  felicity."
+
+  The abbot must eat that sings for his meat.
+
+  Courtesy begets courtesy.
+
+  The jest that gives pain is no jest.
+
+  That pastime should not be indulged which tends to the
+  detriment of a fellow-creature.
+
+  The fire is discovered by its own light; so is virtue by its
+  own excellence.
+
+  No renown equals in splendor that which is acquired by the
+  profession of arms.
+
+  Virtue demands our homage wherever it is found.
+
+  Women are commonly impatient and inquisitive.
+
+  By a man's actions may be seen the true disposition of his
+  mind.
+
+"Body of me," said Don Quixote, "what a progress you have made, signor,
+in the Tuscan language! I would venture a good wager that where the
+Tuscan says _piace_, you say, in Castilian, _plaze_; and where he says
+_piu_, you say _mas_; and _su_ you translate by the word _arriba_; and
+_giu_ by _abaxo_."
+
+"I do so, most certainly," quoth the author, "for such are the
+corresponding words."
+
+"And yet, I dare say, sir," quoth Don Quixote, "that you are scarcely
+known in the world,--but it is the fate of all ingenious men. What
+abilities are lost, what genius obscured, and what talents despised!
+Nevertheless, I cannot but think that translation from one language into
+another, unless it be from the noblest of all languages, Greek and
+Latin, is like presenting the back of a piece of tapestry, where,
+though the figures are seen, they are obscured by innumerable knots and
+ends of thread, very different from the smooth and agreeable texture of
+the proper face of the work; and to translate easy languages of a
+similar construction requires no more talent than transcribing one paper
+from another. But I would not hence infer that translating is not a
+laudable exercise; for a man may be worse and more unprofitably
+employed. Nor can my observation apply to the two celebrated
+translators, Doctor Christopher de Figueroa, in his 'Pastor Fido,' and
+Don John de Xaurigui, in his 'Aminta,' who, with singular felicity, have
+made it difficult to decide which is the translation and which is the
+original. But tell me, signor, is this book printed at your charge, or
+have you sold the copyright to some bookseller?"
+
+"I print it, sir, on my own account," answered the author, "and expect a
+thousand ducats by this first impression of two thousand copies. At six
+reals each copy they will go off in a trice."
+
+"'Tis mighty well," quoth Don Quixote, "though I fear you know but
+little of the tricks of booksellers, and the juggling there is amongst
+them. Take my word for it, you will find a burden of two thousand
+volumes upon your back no trifling matter, especially if the book be
+deficient in sprightliness."
+
+"What, sir!" cried the author, "would you have me give my labor to a
+bookseller, who, if he paid me three maravedis for it, would think it
+abundant, and say I was favored? No, sir, fame is not my object: of that
+I am already secure. Profit is what I now seek, without which fame is
+nothing."
+
+"Well, Heaven prosper you, sir!" said the knight, who, passing on,
+observed a man correcting a sheet of a book entitled "The Light of the
+Soul." On seeing the title, he said, "Books of this kind, numerous as
+they already are, ought still to be encouraged; for numerous are the
+benighted sinners that require to be enlightened." He went forward, and
+saw another book under the corrector's hand, and, on inquiring the
+title, they told him it was the second part of the ingenious gentleman
+Don Quixote de la Mancha, written by such a one, of Tordesillas.
+
+"I know something of that book," quoth Don Quixote, "and, on my
+conscience, I thought it had been burnt long before now for its
+stupidity; but its Martinmas will come, as it does to every hog. Works
+of invention are only so far good as they come near to truth and
+probability; as general history is valuable in proportion as it is
+authentic."
+
+  Rashness is not valor; doubtful hopes ought to make men
+  resolute, not rash.
+
+  There is a remedy for all things except death.
+
+  Between said and done
+  A long race may be run.
+
+  He whom Heaven favors may St. Peter bless.
+
+  They that give must take.
+
+  Where there are hooks, we do not always find bacon.
+
+  Good expectation is better than bad possession.
+
+  To-day for you, and to-morrow for me.
+
+  He that falls to-day may rise to-morrow.
+
+  Great hearts should be patient under misfortunes, as well as
+  joyful when all goes well.
+
+  I have heard say, she they call Fortune is a drunken,
+  freakish dame, and withal so blind that she does not see
+  what she is about; neither whom she raises, nor whom she
+  pulls down.
+
+  One thing I must tell thee, there is no such thing in the
+  world as fortune; nor do the events which fall out, whether
+  good or evil, proceed from chance, but from the particular
+  appointment of Heaven,--and hence comes the usual saying,
+  that every man is the maker of his own fortune.
+
+  The faults of the ass should not be laid on the pack-saddle.
+
+  When it rains let the shower fall upon my cloak.
+
+  "Observe, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "there is a great deal
+  of difference between love and gratitude. It is very
+  possible for a gentleman not to be in love; but, strictly
+  speaking, it is impossible he should be ungrateful."
+
+  The sin will cease when the temptation is removed.
+
+  The heart will not grieve for what the eye doth not
+  perceive.
+
+  What prayers can ne'er gain, a leap from a hedge may obtain.
+
+  Proverbs are short maxims of human wisdom, the result of
+  experience and observation, and are the gifts of ancient
+  sages; yet the proverb which is not aptly applied, instead
+  of being wisdom, is stark nonsense.
+
+  It is the part of a good servant to sympathize with his
+  master's pains.
+
+  "Methinks," quoth Sancho, "that a man cannot be suffering
+  much when he can turn his brain to verse-making."
+
+
+SANCHO PANZA ON SLEEP.
+
+"No entiendo eso," replied Sancho; "solo entiendo que en tanto que
+duermo, ni tengo temor, ni esperanza, ni trabajo, ni gloria; y bien haya
+el que invento el sueno, capa que cubre todos los humanos pensamientos,
+manjar que quita la hambre, agua que ahuyenta la sed, fuego que calienta
+el frio, frio que templa el ardor, y finalmente moneda general con que
+todas las cosas se compran, balanza y peso que iguala al pastor con el
+rey, y al simple con el discreto. Sola una cosa tiene mala el sueno,
+segun he oido decir, y es que se parece a la muerte, pues de un dormido
+a un muerto hay muy poca diferencia."
+
+"I know not what that means," replied Sancho; "I only know that while I
+am asleep I have neither fear, nor hope, nor trouble, nor glory.
+Blessings light on him who first invented sleep! Sleep is the mantle
+that shrouds all human thoughts; the food that dispels hunger; the drink
+that quenches thirst; the fire that warms the cold; the cool breeze that
+moderates heat; in a word, the general coin that purchases every
+commodity; the weight and balance that makes the shepherd even with his
+sovereign, and the simple with the sage. There is only one bad
+circumstance, as I have heard, in sleep: it resembles death, inasmuch as
+between a dead corse and a sleeping man there is no apparent
+difference."
+
+"Enjoy thy repose," said Don Quixote; "thou wast born to sleep and I to
+watch; and, during the little of night that remains, I will give my
+thoughts the rein, and cool the furnace of my reflections with a short
+madrigal, which I have this evening, unknown to thee, composed in my own
+mind."
+
+    Amor, cuando yo pienso
+  En el mal que me das terrible y fuerte,
+  Voy corriendo a la muerte,
+  Pensando asi acabar mi mal inmenso:
+
+    Mas en llegando al paso,
+  Que es puerto en este mar de mi tormento,
+  Tanta alegria siento,
+  Que la vida se esfuerza, y no le paso.
+
+    Asi el vivir me mata,
+  Que la muerte me torna a dar la vida.
+  O condicion no oida,
+  La que conmigo muerte y vida trata!
+
+  O love! when, sick of heart-felt grief,
+    I sigh, and drag thy cruel chain,
+  To death I fly, the sure relief
+    Of those who groan in lingering pain.
+
+  But coming to the fatal gates,
+    The port in this my sea of woe,
+  The joy I feel new life creates,
+    And bids my spirits brisker flow.
+
+  Thus dying every hour I live,
+    And living I resign my breath.
+  Strange power of love, that thus can give
+    A dying life and living death!
+
+
+  Till Heaven, in pity to the weeping world,
+    Shall give Altisidora back to day,
+  By Quixote's scorn to realms of Pluto hurled,
+    Her every charm to cruel death a prey;
+    While matrons throw their gorgeous robes away,
+  To mourn a nymph by cold disdain betrayed:
+    To the complaining lyre's enchanting lay
+  I'll sing the praises of this hapless maid,
+In sweeter notes than Thracian Orpheus ever played.
+
+  Nor shall my numbers with my life expire,
+    Or this world's light confine the boundless song:
+  To thee, bright maid, in death I'll touch the lyre,
+    And to my soul the theme shall still belong.
+    When, freed from clay, the flitting ghosts among,
+  My spirit glides the Stygian shores around,
+    Though the cold hand of death has sealed my tongue,
+  Thy praise the infernal caverns shall rebound,
+And Lethe's sluggish waves move slower to the sound.
+
+
+  Better kill me outright than break my back with other men's
+  burdens.
+
+  Sleep is the best cure for waking troubles.
+
+  Devils, play or not play, win or not win, can never be
+  content.
+
+  History that is good, faithful, and true, will survive for
+  ages; but should it have none of these qualities, its
+  passage will be short between the cradle and the grave.
+
+  As for dying for love, it is all a jest; your lovers,
+  indeed, may easily say they are dying, but that they will
+  actually give up the ghost, believe it--Judas.
+
+"Madam," said he, "your ladyship should know that the chief cause of
+this good damsel's suffering is idleness, the remedy whereof is honest
+and constant employment. Lace, she tells me, is much worn in purgatory,
+and since she cannot but know how to make it, let her stick to that;
+for, while her fingers are assiduously employed with her bobbins, the
+images that now haunt her imagination will keep aloof, and leave her
+mind tranquil and happy. This, madam, is my opinion and advice."
+
+"And mine, too," added Sancho, "for I never in my life heard of a
+lacemaker that died for love; for your damsels that bestir themselves at
+some honest labor think more of their work than of their sweethearts. I
+know it by myself; when I am digging, I never think of my Teresa,
+though, God bless her! I love her more than my very eyelids."
+
+
+  Railing among lovers is the next neighbor to forgiveness.
+
+  The ass will carry the load, but not a double load.
+
+  When money's paid before it's due,
+  A broken limb will straight ensue.
+
+  Delay breeds danger.
+
+  Pray to God devoutly,
+  And hammer away stoutly.
+
+  A sparrow in the hand is worth an eagle on the wing.
+
+"No more proverbs, for God's sake," quoth Don Quixote, "for, methinks,
+Sancho, thou art losing ground, and returning to _sicut erat_. Speak
+plainly, as I have often told thee, and thou wilt find it worth a loaf
+per cent to thee."
+
+"I know not how I came by this unlucky trick," replied Sancho: "I cannot
+bring you in three words to the purpose without a proverb, nor give you
+a proverb which, to my thinking, is not to the purpose;--but I will try
+to mend."
+
+  The straw is too hard to make pipes of.
+
+The knight and squire ascended a little eminence, whence they discovered
+their village; which Sancho no sooner beheld than, kneeling down, he
+said: "Open thine eyes, O my beloved country! and behold thy son, Sancho
+Panza, returning to thee again, if not rich, yet well whipped! Open
+thine arms, and receive thy son Don Quixote, too! who, though worsted by
+another, has conquered himself, which, as I have heard say, is the best
+kind of victory! Money I have gotten, and though I have been soundly
+banged, I have come off like a gentleman."
+
+"Leave these fooleries, Sancho," quoth Don Quixote, "and let us go
+directly to our homes, where we will give full scope to our imagination,
+and settle our intended scheme of a pastoral life."
+
+It must here be mentioned that Sancho Panza, by way of sumpter-cloth,
+had thrown the buckram robe painted with flames, which he had worn on
+the night of Altisidora's revival, upon his ass. He likewise clapped the
+mitre on Dapple's head,--in short, never was an ass so honored and
+bedizened. The priest and bachelor, immediately recognizing their
+friends, ran toward them with open arms. Don Quixote alighted, and
+embraced them cordially. In the mean time, the boys, whose keen eyes
+nothing can escape, came flocking from all parts.
+
+"Ho!" cries one, "here comes Sancho Panza's ass, as gay as a parrot, and
+Don Quixote's old horse, leaner than ever!"
+
+Thus, surrounded by the children and accompanied by the priest and the
+bachelor, they proceeded through the village till they arrived at Don
+Quixote's house, where, at the door, they found the housekeeper and the
+niece, who had already heard of his arrival. It had likewise reached the
+ears of Sancho's wife, Teresa, who, half-naked, with her hair about her
+ears, and dragging Sanchica after her, ran to meet her husband; and
+seeing him not so well equipped as she thought a governor ought to be,
+she said: "What makes you come thus, dear husband? methinks you come
+afoot and foundered! This, I trow, is not as a governor should look."
+
+"Peace, wife," quoth Sancho; "the bacon is not so easily found as the
+pin to hang it on. Let us go home, and there you shall hear wonders. I
+have got money, and honestly, too, without wronging anybody."
+
+"Hast thou got money, good husband? Nay, then, 't is well, however it
+be gotten; for, well or ill, it will have brought up no new custom in
+the world."
+
+All things human, especially the lives of men, are transitory, ever
+advancing from their beginning to their decline and final determination.
+
+"The greatest folly," said Sancho, "that a man can commit in this world,
+is to give himself up to death without any good cause for it, but only
+from melancholy."
+
+
+THE WILL OF DON QUIXOTE.
+
+"I feel, good sirs," said Don Quixote, "that death advances fast upon
+me. Let us then be serious, and bring me a confessor, and a notary to
+draw up my will, for a man in my state must not trifle with his soul.
+Let the notary be sent for, I beseech you, while my friend here, the
+priest, is taking my confession."
+
+The priest, having listened to his dying friend's confession, came out
+of the room and told them that the good Alonzo Quixano was near his end,
+and certainly in his right senses; he therefore advised them to go in,
+as it was full time that his will should be made. These tidings gave a
+terrible stab to the overcharged hearts of the two ladies and his
+faithful squire, whose eyes overflowed with weeping, and whose bosoms
+had well-nigh burst with a thousand sighs and groans; for, indeed, it
+must be owned, as we have somewhere observed, that whether in the
+character of Alonzo Quixano the Good, or in the capacity of Don Quixote
+de la Mancha, the poor gentleman had always exhibited marks of a
+peaceable temper and agreeable demeanor, for which he was beloved, not
+only by his own family, but also by all those who had the pleasure of
+his acquaintance.
+
+The notary entering the apartment with the rest of the company, wrote
+the preamble of the will, in which Don Quixote disposed of his soul in
+all the necessary Christian forms; then proceeding to the legacies, he
+said:--
+
+"Item: whereas, Sancho Panza, whom, in my madness, I made my squire, has
+in his hands a certain sum of money for my use; and, as divers accounts,
+disbursements, and pecuniary transactions have passed between us, it is
+my will that he shall not be charged or brought to account for the said
+money; but, if there be any overplus after he has deducted the payment
+of what I owe him, the said overplus, which must be a mere trifle, shall
+be his own, and much good may it do him; and as, during my disorder, I
+contributed to his being made governor of an island, I would now, while
+I enjoy my perfect senses, confer upon him, were it in my power, a whole
+kingdom, which he richly deserves for the innocency of his heart and the
+fidelity of his service."
+
+Then turning to the disconsolate squire, "Forgive me, friend," said he,
+"for having been the cause of thy appearing in the eye of the world a
+madman like myself, by drawing thee into my erroneous notions concerning
+the existence and adventures of knights-errant."
+
+"Gentlemen," said Don Quixote, "let us proceed fair and softly. I was
+mad, I am now sane; I was Don Quixote de la Mancha; I am now, as
+formerly styled, Alonzo Quixano the Good. And may my repentance and
+sincerity restore me to the esteem you once had for me. Now let the
+notary proceed.
+
+"Item: I bequeath to Antonia Quixano, my niece, here present, all my
+estate, real and personal, after the payment of all my debts and
+legacies; and the first to be discharged shall be the wages due to my
+housekeeper for the time she has been in my service, and twenty ducats
+besides for a suit of mourning.
+
+"I appoint for my executors signor the priest and signor bachelor
+Sampson Carrasco, here present.
+
+"Item: It is also my will that, if Antonia Quixano, my niece, should be
+inclined to marry, it shall be only with a man who, upon the strictest
+inquiry, shall be found to know nothing of books of chivalry; and, in
+case it appear that he is acquainted with such books, and that my niece,
+notwithstanding, will and doth marry him, then shall she forfeit all I
+have bequeathed her, which my executors may dispose of in pious uses as
+they think proper.
+
+"And, finally, I beseech the said gentlemen, my executors, that if haply
+they should come to the knowledge of the author of a certain history
+dispersed abroad, entitled, 'The Second Part of the Achievements of Don
+Quixote de la Mancha,' that they will, in my name, most earnestly
+entreat him to forgive me for having been the innocent cause of his
+writing such a number of absurdities as that performance contains; for I
+quit this life with some scruples of conscience arising from that
+consideration."
+
+The will being thus concluded, he was seized with a fainting-fit, and
+stretched himself at full length in the bed, so that all the company
+were alarmed and ran to his assistance. During three days which he lived
+after the will was signed and sealed, he frequently fainted, and the
+whole family was in confusion. Nevertheless, the niece ate her victuals,
+the housekeeper drank to the repose of his soul, and even Sancho
+cherished his little carcass; for the prospect of succession either
+dispels or moderates that affliction which an heir ought to feel at the
+death of the testator.
+
+At last Don Quixote expired, after having received all the sacraments,
+and in the strongest terms, pathetically enforced, expressed his
+abomination against all books of chivalry; and the notary observed, that
+in all the books of that kind which he had perused, he had never read of
+any knight-errant who died quietly in his bed as a good Christian, like
+Don Quixote; who, amidst the tears and lamentations of all present, gave
+up the ghost, or, in other words, departed this life. The curate was no
+sooner certified of his decease, than he desired the notary to make out
+a testimonial, declaring that Alonzo Quixano the Good, commonly called
+Don Quixote de la Mancha, had taken his departure from this life, and
+died of a natural death; that no other author, different from Cid Hamet
+Benengeli, should falsely pretend to raise him from the dead, and write
+endless histories of his achievements.
+
+
+This was the end of that extraordinary gentleman of La Mancha, whose
+birthplace Cid Hamet was careful to conceal, that all the towns and
+villages of that province might contend for the honor of having produced
+him, as did the seven cities of Greece for the glory of giving birth to
+Homer. The lamentations of Sancho, the niece and the housekeeper, are
+not here given, nor the new epitaphs on the tomb of the deceased knight,
+except the following one, composed by Sampson Carrasco:--
+
+  Here lies the valiant cavalier,
+  Who never had a sense of fear:
+  So high his matchless courage rose,
+He reckoned death among his vanquished foes.
+
+  Wrongs to redress, his sword he drew,
+  And many a caitiff giant slew;
+  His days of life though madness stained,
+In death his sober senses he regained.
+
+
+  FOOTNOTES
+
+  [1] Rodrigo de Bivar, or the Cid, the national champion of
+  Spain.
+
+  [2] Some biographers have it that the house was in the Calle
+  de Leon, afterwards the royal asylum, and that his wife and
+  sister had belonged to the third order of St. Francis for
+  seven years before his death.
+
+  [3] Showing that Cervantes was familiar with the Bible as
+  well as Latin classics.
+
+  [4] Showing also his familiarity with AEsop.
+
+  [5] The king's morsel is better than the lord's bounty.
+
+  [6] Certain churches, with indulgences, appointed to be
+  visited, either for pardon of sins, or for procuring
+  blessings. Madmen, probably, in their lucid intervals, were
+  obliged to this exercise.
+
+  [7] "From a friend to a friend, a bug in the eye," is a
+  proverb applied to the false professions of friendship.
+
+  [8] Cervantes makes frequent use of Bible quotations.
+
+  [9] A Sicilian, native of Catania, who lived in the latter
+  part of the sixteenth century. He was commonly called
+  Pesce-cola, or Fish-Nicholas, and is said to have lived so
+  much in the water from his infancy, that he could cleave the
+  waters in the midst of a storm like a marine animal.
+
+  [10] _Zapateadores_: dancers that strike the soles of their
+  shoes with the palms of their hands, in time and measure.
+
+  [11] The phrase, _No quiero de tu capilla_, alludes to the
+  practice of friars, who, when charity is offered, hold out
+  their hoods to receive it, while they pronounce a refusal
+  with their tongues.
+
+  [12] The entire proverb is: "He whose father is mayor goes
+  safe to his trial."
+
+  [13] The proverb is: "To keep silence well is called
+  _Santo_."
+
+  [14] Jarvis's translation.
+
+  [15] Trunk-hose were prohibited by royal decree shortly
+  after the publication of _Don Quixote_.
+
+  [16] It was customary for men of quality to wear a veil or
+  mask depending from the covering worn on the head, in order
+  to shield the face from the sun.
+
+
+University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WIT AND WISDOM OF DON QUIXOTE***
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