1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/" />
<meta name="DC.creator" content="Rev. Orin Fowler" />
<meta name="DC.title" content="A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco" />
<meta name="DC.title" content="and the Necessity of Immediate and Entire Reformation" />
<meta name="DC.date" content="2008" />
<meta name="DC.language" content="en" />
<title>
The Project Gutenberg eBook of
A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco,
by Rev. Orin Fowler A. M.
</title>
<style type="text/css">
/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */
<!--
body{margin-left: 10%;
margin-right: 10%;
}
p { margin-top: .75em;
text-align: justify;
margin-bottom: .75em;
}
p.titleblock {margin-top: 0em; margin-bottom: 0em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; line-height: 125%;}
p.nobot {margin-bottom: 0em}
p.nobot33 {margin-bottom: 0em; margin-left:33%}
p.rightsig {text-align: right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom: 0.0em; margin-right: 5%;}
h2,h4 {
text-align: center; /* all headings centered */
clear: both;
}
hr { width: 33%;
margin-top: 2em;
margin-bottom: 2em;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
clear: both;
}
hr.minor {width: 15%; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;}
hr.major {width: 55%; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0em; page-break-before: always;}
table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;empty-cells: show}
td.lj {text-align:left;white-space:nowrap}
td.ljt {text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;text-indent:25%}
td.ljtt {text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;text-indent:50%}
td.rj {text-align:right;white-space:nowrap}
td.rjtb {text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;border-top:2px solid black}
.center table { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left}
.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */
visibility: hidden;
position: absolute;
left: 92%;
font-size: smaller;
text-align: right;
} /* page numbers */
.blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;}
.promo {font-size: smaller}
div.tnote p {text-indent: 0; margin-top: .5em;}
div.tnote {border: dashed 1px; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;
padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em;
padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em;
font-size: 90%; page-break-before: always}
.center {text-align: center;}
.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;}
.smcapnorm {font-variant: small-caps;font-style:normal}
.footnote {font-size: 95%;line-height:1.3em}
.footnote .label {float:left; text-align:left;width:1.5em}
.footnote a {text-decoration:none}
.fnanchor {font-size: 70%; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.5em; background-color: #fff}
.footnotes { max-width: 46em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: dotted 1px silver;
padding: 0 1em 1em 1em}
.footnotes h4 { border:none; text-align:center;margin-top: 0.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%}
.pledge {margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6em}
.posit {font-weight:500;font-size: 115%}
.appeal {font-weight:500;font-size: 105%}
.frontpageborder {background-image: url('images/titleborder.png');
background-position: top center; background-repeat: no-repeat;}
// -->
/* XML end ]]>*/
</style>
</head>
<body>
<pre>
The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco, by
Orin Fowler
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
Title: A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco
and the Necessity of Immediate and Entire Reformation
Author: Orin Fowler
Release Date: January 20, 2008 [EBook #24366]
Language: English
Character set encoding: UTF-8
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVILS OF TOBACCO ***
Produced by David Garcia, Joe Longo and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Kentuckiana Digital Library)
</pre>
<div class="frontpageborder">
<table width="450" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<col style="width:0%;" /> <col style="width:100%;" />
<tr>
<td align="left"><img height="770" width="1" src="images/pixel.gif" alt="" /></td>
<td align="center">
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 100%; margin-top: 2.5em;">A</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 165%;letter-spacing: 0.2em;">DISQUISITION</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 60%">ON THE</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 200%">EVILS OF USING TOBACCO,</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 85%">AND THE NECESSITY OF</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 48px;font-size: 110%">IMMEDIATE AND ENTIRE REFORMATION.</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 48px;font-size: 100%">By <span class="smcap">Rev.</span> ORIN FOWLER A. M.</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 48px;font-size: 65%;font-weight: 600">THIRD EDITION.</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="font-size: 100%">BOSTON:</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="font-size: 65%;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: 0.1em;">PUBLISHED BY GEO. GREGORY.</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="font-size: 60%">For sale by <span class="smcap">D. S. King</span>, No. 1 Cornhill; <span class="smcap">Jordan & Co.</span> 121<br />
Washington Street. <span class="smcap">New York: John S. Taylor</span>,<br />
145 Nassau Street. <span class="smcap">Providence: Wm.</span><br />
<span class="smcap">Aplin</span>, 65 South Main St.<br />
1842.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<table width="450" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="Title page 2" border="0">
<col style="width:80%;" />
<tr>
<td align="center">
<br /><br />
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 100%; margin-top: 36px;">A</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 165%;letter-spacing: 0.2em;">DISQUISITION</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 60%">ON THE</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 200%">EVILS OF USING TOBACCO,</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 75%">AND THE NECESSITY OF</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 100%">IMMEDIATE AND ENTIRE REFORMATION.</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 70%">Delivered before the Fall River Lyceum, and before the Congregation to whom
the Author statedly ministers</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="font-size: 118%">BY ORIN FOWLER A. M.,</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 70%">
PASTOR OF THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN FALL RIVER, MASS.</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 65%;font-weight: 600"><i>Third Edition.</i></p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="font-size: 75%">BOSTON:</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="font-size: 65%;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: 0.1em;">PUBLISHED BY GEO. GREGORY.</p>
<p class="titleblock"
style="word-spacing: 0.2em;font-size: 68%">For sale by <span class="smcap">D. S. King</span>, No. 1. Cornhill; <span class="smcap">Jordan &. Co.</span> 121<br />
Washington Street. <span class="smcap">New York: John S. Taylor</span>,<br />
145 Nassau Street. <span class="smcap">Providence: Wm.</span><br />
<span class="smcap">Aplin</span>, 65 South Main St.<br /><br />
1842.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="center" style="margin-bottom:5em;margin-top:5em;">
Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1842, by <span class="smcap">Orin<br />
Fowler</span>, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.<br />
</p>
<hr class="major" />
<h2>INTRODUCTORY REMARKS,</h2>
<p class="center">BY THE PUBLISHER.</p>
<p>Among the evils which a vitiated appetite has fastened upon mankind,
those that arise from the use of Tobacco hold a prominent place,
and call loudly for reform. We pity the poor Chinese, who stupifies
body and mind with opium, and the wretched Hindoo, who is under
a similar slavery to his favorite plant, the Betel; but <i>we</i> present the
humiliating spectacle of an enlightened and christian nation, wasting
annually more than twenty-five millions of dollars, and destroying the
health and the lives of thousands, by a practice not at all less degrading
than that of the Chinese or Hindoo.</p>
<p>Whether, then, we consider the folly and indecency of the habit,
or the waste of property, health and life which it occasions, it is time
for the Patriot, the Philanthropist and the Christian, to put forth united,
vigorous and systematic efforts to banish this injurious and disgusting
habit from the community.</p>
<p>It is a fact, that one reform not only prepares the way for another,
but often so depends upon it, that the complete triumph of the one cannot
be effected without that of the other. Such appears to be the relationship
existing between the use of intoxicating drinks and that of
the stimulating narcotic, tobacco. The use of tobacco almost always
accompanies the use of alcoholic drinks, and it may be feared that
total abstinence from the latter will not be <i>permanent</i>, unless there
is also a total abstinence from the former. Our temperance brethren,
particularly our worthy Washingtonians, will do well to bear
this in mind.</p>
<p>The tobacco reform, being similar to that of temperance, must be
brought about by similar means. Information must be diffused, the
evils of the practice exposed, and the attention of the public aroused
to the subject. To aid in this, is the object of the following pamphlet,
two editions of which have already been put in circulation, and it is
said to have been re-published in England. The favorable reception
of the former editions, as shown by the repeated editorial remarks,
and the numerous letters of thanks addressed to the author, affords
much encouragement for a vigorous prosecution of the enterprise.
Three members of the church of which the author is pastor, placed
at his disposal a sum sufficient to supply, gratuitously, each of the
1000 Beneficiaries of the American Education Society, with a copy
of the essay. Orders were furnished for bundles for distribution.
An individual in Maine ordered 500 copies, and 1000 were ordered
by E. C. Delevan, of New York, the distinguished advocate of Temperance.</p>
<p>Let the friends of true reform remember the early days of the temperance
cause, and take courage. All interested should exert themselves.
Clergymen can do much by lecturing and other means.
Churches should form Anti-Tobacco Societies, circulate information<!-- Page 4 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span>
and induce as many as possible to take a stand against the evil, by
enrolling their names on a <i>Pledge</i>.</p>
<p>Teachers should speak on the subject, and endeavor to prevent
the formation of so vile and tyranical a habit, by those under their
influence; for it is a fact that lads in many of our public schools try
to hasten their claims to <i>manliness</i>, by learning to chew, smoke or
snuff. This being the case, we may expect, of course, to find these
practices prevalent in our academies and colleges, our medical and
our law schools and theological seminaries.</p>
<p>In the early records of Harvard University, says Dr. Mussey, is
a regulation ordering that "no scholar shall take tobacco unless permitted
by the President, with the consent of his parents, on good
reason first given by a physician, and then only in a sober and private
manner." How different now! Probably one half, at least,
of the students of our colleges are, not in a "sober and private
manner," but publicly addicted to this slovenly and disgusting practice.</p>
<p>As the use of tobacco is injurious to health, it is the duty of physicians
to exert their influence against it. Their authority upon such
subjects is generally respected, and is therefore very important.</p>
<p>To the ladies, it would hardly seem necessary to say a word, in order
to secure their aid in a reform that so intimately concerns themselves.
In this matter, as in the vice of intemperance, woman,
though comparatively innocent, is by far the greatest sufferer. With
what a melancholy prospect does a young lady marry a man who
uses the filthy plant in any form. He may <i>at first</i> do it in a neat,
or even a genteel manner, and neutralize the sickening odor by the
most grateful perfumes; but this trouble will soon be dispensed with,
and in all probability he will, at no distant day, become a sloven,
with his garments saturated with smoke, and himself steeped in tobacco
juice. Alas, to think of being annoyed a life-time by the
nauseous odor of the vile tobacco worm, and of wasting patience
and strength in vain endeavors to preserve neatness in his slimy trail!
Little can be accomplished in this, or any other reform, without the
aid of females. Let them take hold of the subject, and exert their
legimate influence, and public opinion will soon be corrected; young
men and old too, will soon learn that by no rule in the code of politeness
and good breeding, can the use of tobacco be tolerated.</p>
<p>A word to dealers. How can a man who regards the morals, the
happiness and the prosperity of his neighborhood and his country,
deal out so useless, so filthy, and so injurious an article as tobacco?
Many will of course, excuse themselves by saying as the rum-sellers
once did, "If I don't sell it, others will," This plea did not justify
the rum-seller, neither will it, the dealer in tobacco. Others will
say, "I <i>must</i> sell it, or I shall offend my patrons and lose their custom."
But this is not valid even as a selfish argument. A large
and increasing portion of the community would be glad to patronize
traders who sell only the useful and necessary articles of life.
Let respectable traders cease to sell the article, and respectable customers
would soon cease to buy it.<!-- Page 5 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
<p>The abominable filthiness of the practice of using tobacco, is a
sufficient argument to induce all decent people to wage war against
it. Stage coaches, rail cars, steamboats, public houses, courts of
justice, halls of legislation, and the temples of God, are all defiled
by the loathsome consumers of this dirty, Indian herb. For the
sake of decency, for the honor of humanity, let the land be purified
from this worse than beastly pollution!</p>
<p>Let none be discouraged from engaging in this reform, because it
relates to a wide-spread and fashionable vice. With a moderate degree
of effort in each town and village, hundreds of thousands might
in one year's time, be induced to pledge themselves against all use
of tobacco.</p>
<p>During the last winter I drew up the following pledge, and obtained
many signatures here and in other parts of the state.</p>
<div class="pledge"><p class="center">ANTI-TOBACCO PLEDGE.</p>
<p style="font-style: italic">We, the subscribers, believing that the use of <span class="smcapnorm">Tobacco</span>, in all its
forms, is injurious to health, and knowing it to be a slovenly, sluttish,
and disgusting habit, do pledge ourselves that we will not <span class="smcapnorm">smoke</span> it,
<span class="smcapnorm">chew</span> it, nor <span class="smcapnorm">snuff</span> it; and that we will use efforts to persuade those
addicted to the practice, to discontinue its use; and above all, that we
will not traffic in it, nor countenance those who do; and that we will
use our influence to banish the "vile stuff" from New England, our
country, and the world.</p></div>
<p>A gentleman in North Bridgewater, to whom I lent a pamphlet on
this subject, said he had not read it half through, before he emptied
his pockets of tobacco, and resolved to use no more. He also
took a pledge to circulate among his neighbors.</p>
<p>Another man who had chewed tobacco thirty-three years, abandoned
the habit and remarked that he would not return to it for fifty
dollars.</p>
<p>Two benevolent individuals, in Providence, had two or three hundred
copies of the above pledge printed to circulate in the State of
Rhode Island. One of the principal clergymen in P. said, a member
of his church, a trader, told him that the money paid for tobacco
in the city was sufficient to support the public preaching. A
gentleman there, who has recently given up tobacco, said he would
not go back to its use for a thousand dollars, although it cost him a
great effort to refrain from it. A young man, after receiving a private
lecture from an anti-tobacco friend, committed to the flames
half a dozen cigars he had by him, and signed the pledge.</p>
<p>I have conversed with very many addicted to the use of tobacco,
and nearly all express regret at having formed the habit.</p>
<p>A few days since in a town not far from Providence, as I was sitting
in the stage about starting for the city, up came a reverend
gentleman, a very fine man by the way, with a big cigar about half
burned. He had too much good breeding to get into the stage with
it, and to all appearance, disliked to part with so good a friend; he<!-- Page 6 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>
accordingly stood outside and puffed away like a steamer, at the
same time keeping an eye on the driver; when all was ready, he
scrambled in, and we drove off. What an example, for a clergyman
to stand in a public street and puff a cigar like a loafer or a blackguard!</p>
<p>Rev. Mr. C., in a village adjoining Providence relates, that a
brother clergyman called to preach for him. He was in the habit of
chewing tobacco, and Mr. C. took the opportunity to speak to him
on the subject. At first the brother remarked that there was nothing
wrong or injurious in it; but on Mr. C's pressing the matter and asking
how he could preach "righteousness, temperance" and good
habits in all things, when he was himself addicted to such a practice,
the brother frankly acknowledged that he knew he was setting a bad
example, and that tobacco was poisonous, injurious to health and
shortened life, but he excused himself by saying he <i>could not</i> give
it up, for he found it <i>impossible</i> to write a sermon or preach it with
any success, without taking tobacco. Sermons and preaching inspired
by tobacco! What better is this, than the inspiration of
brandy?</p>
<p>Rev. Mr.——, now of Boston, formerly of a neighboring city,
is a most excessive smoker and chewer, so much so that it was a
matter of notoriety and remark among his congregation and acquaintances
of his former residence. He was a very agreeable
man in other respects, but his study, his library, and every thing
about him were so completely saturated with tobacco smoke, that
the ladies of his church rarely made him a call, and more rarely
borrowed a book from his extensive and excellent library.—Is it not
time for clergymen to reform themselves in this particular, and then
consistently to set about reforming others.</p>
<p>I have recently learned that many <i>ladies</i> are in the habit of <i>chewing
snuff!</i> Some of them become so addicted to it as to use enormous
quantities in this way. "One of these snuff eaters," I was
told, "was accustomed to take herself by the under lip with one
hand, and with the thumb and four fingers of the other to fill in an
embankment between her lips and teeth." Shocking! Yet, what
young lady who carries a concealed snuff-box, can be sure of not
coming to this?</p>
<p>I saw a woman who commenced with chewing snuff, and is now a
regular tobacco chewer. She said however, that she intended to give
up the habit and refrain from tobacco in all its forms.</p>
<p>Unless something is done to check the evil, who can say that we
shall not become as bad as the inhabitants of Cuba, where, according
to Rev. Mr. Ingersoll, "not only men, but <i>women</i> and <i>children</i>
smoke, and some at a large expense." And according to Rev. Dr.
Abbot, "it was the common estimate that in Havana, there was an
average consumption of <i>ten thousand dollars worth of cigars in a
day</i>."</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Boston</span>, July, 1842.<!-- Page 7 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
<hr class="major" />
<h2>RECOMMENDATIONS.</h2>
<h4><i>From the Rochester Observer.</i></h4>
<p>"<span class="smcap">Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco</span>.—'A disquisition on the evils of
using tobacco, and the necessity of an immediate and entire reform,' by Rev. Orin
Fowler, of Fall River, Mass. This is a very valuable and instructive discourse.
We have for two years or more been fully convinced that the use of tobacco, in its
three common forms, ought immediately to be abandoned; but never were we so
fully sensible of the alarming extent and tremendous ravages of this evil, as when
we had read this production. We think no <i>christian</i>, who is willing to know and
do his duty, can read this pamphlet, without saying on the spot, if he uses tobacco,
(except it be judiciously prescribed by a physician.) the use of this poisonous, deleterious
weed is a <i>grievous sin</i>, and I will abandon it <i>immediately and forever</i>.</p>
<p>Mr. F. lays down the position that it is the duty of every man and woman to abstain
immediately, entirely and forever, from all use of tobacco, whether by chewing,
smoking or snuffing, except it be as a medicine.</p>
<p>In favor of this point he offers the following arguments, which we think he has
fully sustained, by well attested facts, quotations from approved authors, and the
deductions of sound reasoning.</p>
<div class="blockquot">
<p>1. The history of this loathsome weed. It has ever since its discovery been
considered exceedingly injurious, and its general use opposed by judicious men.</p>
<p>2. Its ruinous effect upon the health and constitution of men.</p>
<p>3. Its ruinous effects upon the intellect.</p>
<p>4. Its ruinous effects upon public and private morals.</p>
<p>5. The amazing waste of property which its use involves.</p>
<p>6. The mortality which its use occasions.</p>
<p>7. The apologies made by the lovers of tobacco.</p>
<p>8. The eternal ruin which tobacco occasions.</p>
</div>
<p>We intend in our next to give extracts from this discourse. We hope it will
have a wide circulation, and would commend it to the careful perusal of all christians,
especially to ministers, who use this vile and ruinous plant."</p>
<hr class="minor" />
<p>Edward C. Delevan, Secretary of the New York State Temperance Society, says,
in a letter just received—"The subject of your Essay is one of immense importance
to the world and to the temperance cause. The use of this vile weed has
been the medium of forming the appetite for strong drink, and ultimately destroying
thousands of the most promising youth of our country. You will hardly ever
meet with an intemperate person without finding him addicted to the use of tobacco.
The public only want light on this important subject, to act. Your able and
convincing Disquisition will be the means of doing much good. I hope funds will
be provided to furnish a copy to each clergyman in the United States. Send me
one thousand copies of the second edition, as soon as it is from the press."</p>
<hr class="minor" />
<p class="nobot">"<span class="smcap">Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco</span>.—We are anxious to see this work
extensively circulated, for we are confident that it will do good. The pamphlet
contains much valuable information, and will be found well worth an attentive and
frequent perusal."</p>
<p class="rightsig"><i>The Unionist</i>, Brooklyn, Conn.</p>
<hr class="minor" />
<p>"<span class="smcap">Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco</span>.—The subject of which this pamphlet
treats is one which, we are persuaded, has received too small a share of attention
from those who are laboring to free our land, utterly and forever, from the
thraldom of intemperance. From our own observation, limited as it has been, we
are persuaded that the victims of intemperance in the use of this poisonous weed
are by no means inconsiderable in number. Probably Mr. Fowler is correct when<!-- Page 8 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>
he estimates the mortality occasioned by the use of tobacco in its various forms, at
five thousand annually. For ourself we are convinced that the suppression of intemperance
in spirituous liquors will never be effected while the agents and advocates
of our Temperance Societies, lecture with a pinch of snuff in their fingers and
a huge tobacco quid in their mouths. Tobacco slays its thousands, and doubtless
one tenth of the drunkards in our land have become so by first indulging in the
use of the dirty plant, and thus creating an unnatural thirst that called for liquid fire
to quench it.</p>
<p class="nobot">Did our limits permit, we should be glad to give copious extracts from Mr. Fowler's
discourse."</p>
<p class="rightsig"><i>Batharia Palladium.</i></p>
<hr class="minor" />
<p class="rightsig"><i>Lisbon, Feb. 3d, 1841.</i></p>
<p><span class="smcap">Mr Fowler</span>—</p>
<p><i>Dear Sir</i>—We have in this county a monthly ministers' meeting.</p>
<p>At the last the use of tobacco was discussed. I was appointed to write on the
subject, and derived important aid from your Disquisition on tobacco. I feel that
it is a very happy effort, and calculated to do much good, and that it is desirable
that it should have a much wider circulation.</p>
<p>The thought occurred to me whether it might not be published by the Tract Society.</p>
<p>This would give it the widest circulation it could have.</p>
<p>I doubt not but you are desirous of having the greatest amount of good accomplished
by this effort, and will be ready to extend its circulation if possible.</p>
<p>Should it become a Tract, be so good as to inform me—for I should be glad to
place it in every family in my parish.</p>
<p class="nobot33">Fraternally yours,</p>
<p class="rightsig">JOSEPH AYER, Jr.</p>
<hr class="minor" />
<p>Notice by Dr. Alcott, Editor of the Library of Health.</p>
<p>"A disquisition on the evils of using Tobacco. By Orin Fowler, A. M. Second
Edition. This pamphlet finds favor, * * * *. While we have the kindliest feelings
towards those who chew this disgusting substance, we hold its use, in every
form, in the most unqualified contempt. We care not to whom the remark may
apply, whether he be farmer, mechanic, lawyer, doctor, minister, judge or president;
but if in the light which Mr. Fowler has shed on the subject, any man
should continue to smoke or chew tobacco, or take snuff, public opinion ought to
frown him out of the pale of all civilized society. He that will contribute in any
way to a tax upon this nation of $25,000,000 a year for such stuff, may well be set
down as a bad citizen, unless he does it in ignorance."<!-- Page 9 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
<hr class="major" />
<h2>DISQUISITION.</h2>
<p>In this age of benevolent action, when much is being done to drive
away the darkness and delusions of many generations, and to diffuse
light and truth through the earth; it excites the liveliest joy in every
philanthropic bosom to witness the triumphant results already achieved.
Recent efforts to banish the use of intoxicating drinks, have
brought well nigh half the civilized world to a solemn pause: and the
work of reformation in this matter of spirit-drinking has gone so far,
and is yet making such sure progress, that many are rejoicing in the
lively hope that the day is nigh, even at the doors, when drunkenness,
with her burning legion of evils, will cease from the earth; and the
gospel of the grace of God will have free course and be glorified, and
the whole family of man become temperate, holy and happy. The
God of our salvation hasten that day apace; that our eyes may see it,
and rejoice and be glad in it, before we go to the grave.</p>
<p>But ere that day shall fully come, there is much land to be possessed.
Many a battle must yet be fought,—many a victory must
yet be won. Much light must yet be poured forth,—much darkness
must yet be driven away. The world is not yet half reformed. The
majority in the best portions of the earth—in this country even—are
on the side of free indulgence in every thing that pleases the appetite.</p>
<p>Intemperance in the use of intoxicating drinks,—and intemperance
in the use of <i>tobacco</i>, in the several forms of <i>smoking</i>, <i>snuffing</i> and
<i>chewing</i>; together with several other evils, which I need not here
specify, are even now predominant.</p>
<p>By intemperance in the use of tobacco, I mean all use of this drug
except that which is under the direction of enlightened, judicious
medical advice. With this exception, <i>entire abstinence</i> from this narcotic
substance constitutes the only safe and genuine temperance.—This
principle has been adopted extensively, in its application to intoxicating
drinks; but before it shall be universally adopted in that
application, it must be applied, and applied universally, to the <i>quid</i>,
and the <i>pipe</i>, and the <i>snuff-box</i>. Rum-drinking will not cease, till
tobacco-chewing, and tobacco-smoking, and snuff-taking, shall cease.
Though all who are attached to the quid, the pipe, or the snuff-box,
are not attached to the bottle; yet a vast multitude become attached
to the bottle, and this attachment is continued and increased, through
the poisonous, bewitching, and debasing influence of tobacco.</p>
<p>Moreover, the use of tobacco involves a train of evils, superadded
to its influence in perpetuating drunkenness, which cries aloud for
immediate and universal reformation. It is my present purpose to<!-- Page 10 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>
consider these evils. And I wish to premise that, in this consideration,
I shall urge; that it is the duty of every friend of humanity—of
every lover of his country—of every Christian—and of every minister
of Christ, to <i>abstain</i>, himself, <i>immediately</i>, and <i>forever</i>, from <i>all</i>
use of tobacco, whether by <i>chewing</i>, <i>smoking</i>, or <i>snuffing</i>, except it be
<i>medicinally</i>; and to use the whole weight of his influence and example
to persuade others—and especially the young men and maidens
of this nation—to practice entire abstinence.</p>
<p>I am fully aware that the topic which I have selected, the position
which I lay down, and the purpose at which I aim, are not popular.
But what then? Did Clarkson and Wilberforce abandon the cause
of the enslaved African, when they found that abolition was unpopular
in the British Senate? Did Columbus abandon his purpose
of attempting to discover a new world, when he perceived that the
noble project of his noble soul was unpopular, with princes and people,
learned and ignorant? Did Jesus Christ abandon his purpose
to redeem a world lying in wickedness, when it became manifest that
his doctrines, and the pure benevolence of his holy soul, were unpopular.
And has it ever been <i>seemly</i> for one of his true and faithful
disciples to abandon the cause of human happiness, and the soul's
everlasting salvation, because the work of saving mercy is unpopular?</p>
<p>The theme of our present consideration, is doubtless unpopular.—But
we <i>should</i> not, we <i>will</i> not, therefore abandon the purpose of exposing
the evils of smoking, and chewing, and snuffing, that dirty
weed, which is so hostile to animal life, and so offensive to every creature
on earth, that no living being but man—and a loathsome worm,
called the tobacco-worm—will taste, or touch, or handle it.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
<p>Though it be unpopular to expose the evils of using tobacco; these
evils are so appalling, it will not do to slumber over them longer.—We
must look at them; we must lay them open—we must raise our
voice against them; (we would gladly raise it so high that it should
reach every family in the nation.) Yes, we must cry aloud and
spare not; or give up our claim to patriotism, and benevolence.</p>
<p>In approaching this subject, I am not unmindful of the pertinacity
with which men adhere to old habits. Dr. Rush speaks of a venerable
clergyman who closed a long sermon, in which he had controverted
what he supposed an heretical opinion, with these words: "I
tell you—I tell you, my brethren, I tell you again, that an <i>old error</i>
is better than a <i>new truth</i>." There are few who will assent to
this proposition in plain terms; but there are thousands upon thousands,
who act up to the very letter of it, constantly.—The history of
man is extensively a history of folly, delusion, and sin.</p>
<p>No error has been so absurd as not to find advocates—no habit has
been so foolish, or so deadly, as not to find martyrs. But of all the
delusions, which have prevailed among civilized men, there have been
few—perhaps none, but that of intoxication—so disgusting, so inex<!-- Page 11 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>cusable,
so destructive to health, and wealth, and life, as the habit
which we now ask you to consider.</p>
<p>It will be borne in mind that my position is this; it is the bounden
duty of every man and every woman to <i>abstain</i>, <i>immediately</i>, and
<i>forever</i>, from <i>all use</i> of tobacco, whether by <i>chewing</i>, <i>smoking</i>, or
<i>snuffing</i> except it be as a medicine. <span class="posit">This position I maintain,</span></p>
<p><span class="posit">I. From a consideration of the <i>history</i> of this loathsome weed.—</span>The
tobacco plant is a native of America. It was unknown in Europe
until some time after the discovery of America, by Columbus. It was
first carried to Europe by Sir Francis Drake, about the year 1560,
less than three hundred years ago. The natives of this continent
called it <i>petun</i>; the natives of the islands called it <i>yoli</i>. The
Spaniards gave it the name of <i>tobacco</i>, from <i>Tobaco</i>, a province of
Yucatan in Mexico, where they first found it, and first learned its
use. Its botanic name is <i>Nicotiana</i>, which it received from John
Nicot, then Ambassador from Francis II. to Portugal, who brought
it from Lisbon, and presented some of it to the Queen Catharine de
Medicis, and to the Grand Prior of the house of Lorraine; whence
it was sometimes called the Queen's herb, and the Grand Prior's herb.</p>
<p>The practice of smoking it in England, was introduced by Sir
Walter Raleigh, about the year 1584.</p>
<p>The cultivation of it is not uncommon in various parts of the globe;
but the seat of its most extensive culture is Virginia and Maryland,
in this country. In England its cultivation was forbidden—and we
believe is still forbidden—on penalty of forfeiting forty shillings for
every rod of ground planted with it.</p>
<p>James I. wrote a treatise against the use of it, which he called his
"Counterblast to Tobacco." Pope Urban VIII. issued a Bull, to excommunicate
all who used tobacco in the churches. The civil power
in Russia, Turkey, and Persia, was early arrayed against it. The
King of Denmark, who wrote a treatise against tobacco, observes
that "merchants often lay it in bog-houses, that, becoming impregnated
with the volatile salts of the excrements, it may be rendered
brisker, stronger, and more fœtid." It is said to be a fact, that in
manufacturing tobacco, it is frequently sprinkled with stale urine.</p>
<p>The use of tobacco never was general in Europe; and within the
last fifty or one hundred years, it has been banished from all the polite
circles of that part of the world. John Adams, the former President
of the United States, speaking of his own use of tobacco, and
referring to his residence in Europe, says: "Twice I gave up the
use of it; once when Minister at the Court of Hague; and afterwards
when Minister at the Court of London; for <i>no such offensive
practice is seen there</i>."</p>
<p>But although the cultivation of tobacco has been forbidden in many
countries of Europe; and though the manufacture of it is frequently
attended with circumstances so disgusting and offensive, that the
modesty of this paper will not permit me to detail them,—and though
the use of it is abandoned by all the respectable and polished circles
of Europe; yet in this nation, and among the lower orders abroad,<!-- Page 12 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>
tobacco has triumphed: and the only hope of expelling it from our
land, lies in enlisting against it the power of enlightened public opinion—a
mightier power than any eastern despot wields.</p>
<p>Now from this brief sketch of the history of tobacco, it appears that
it was unknown to all the civilized world, till within three hundred
years; and that even now, all the polished and enlightened portion
of community abroad—and we add, a very respectable portion at
home—have no fellowship with the filthy weed. And can any man
justify himself in the daily use of a disgusting plant, against the
practice, opinion, and remonstrances of so large a portion of the civilized
world? Can he be discharging the obligations of his duty, and
enjoying the full amount of his privilege, while he suffers himself to
be a bond-slave to his quid, his pipe, or his snuff-box? Either an
important article of the vegetable kingdom, lay hid from the civilized
world nearly six thousand years; or since its discovery, the lovers of
tobacco have formed an entirely erroneous opinion of its properties.
In the sequel, I trust it will appear, that so far from possessing <i>valuable</i>
properties, it is one of the most <i>noxious</i> weeds that grows; that,
as an article of medicine, it possesses scarcely a redeeming quality;
and that, though it was not made in vain, if the world had remained
ignorant of it six thousand years longer, no cause of regret would
have been occasioned.</p>
<p class="posit">I maintain the position I have laid down,</p>
<p class="posit">II. From a consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon
the <i>health</i> and <i>constitution</i> of men.</p>
<p>In considering this point, let us examine the <i>properties</i> of this weed,—the
prominent diseases which the use of it induces,—and the <i>experiences</i>
of unprejudiced observers. The properties of tobacco are decidedly
<i>poisonous</i>. In proof of this assertion, I appeal to ample and
unquestionable authority.</p>
<p>Professor Hitchcock says, "I group <i>alcohol</i>, <i>opium</i> and <i>tobacco</i> together,
as alike to be rejected; because they agree in being <i>poisonous</i>
in their natures." "In popular language," says he, "alcohol
is classed among the stimulants, and opium and tobacco among the
narcotics, whose ultimate effect upon the animal system is to produce
stupor and insensibility." He says, "Most of the powerful vegetable
poisons, such as hen-bane, hemlock, thorn-apple, prussic acid, deadly
night-shade, fox-glove and poison sumach, have an effect on the
animal system scarcely to be distinguished from that of opium and
<i>tobacco</i>. They impair the organs of digestion, and may bring on fatuity,
palsy, delirium, or apoplexy," He says, "In those not accustomed
to it, <i>tobacco</i> excites nausea, vomiting, dizziness, indigestion,
mental dejection, and in short, the whole train of <i>nervous</i> complaints."</p>
<p>Dr. Rees, in his Cyclopedia, says; "A drop or two of the chemical
oil of tobacco, being put upon the tongue of a cat, produces violent
convulsions, and death itself in the space of a minute."</p>
<p>Dr. Hossack classes <i>tobacco</i> with opium, ether, mercury, and other
articles of the materia medica. He calls tobacco a "<i>fashionable
poison</i>," in the various forms in which that narcotic is employed.<!-- Page 13 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span>—
He says, "The great increase of dyspepsia; the late alarming frequency
of apoplexy, palsy, epilepsy, and other diseases of the nervous
system; is attributable, in part, to the use of tobacco."</p>
<p>Dr. Waterhouse says that Linnæus, in his natural arrangement, has
placed tobacco in the class <i>Luridæ</i>—which signifies, pale, ghastly,
livid, dismal and fatal. "To the same ominous class," he adds,
"belong fox-glove, hen-bane, deadly night-shade, lobelia, and another
poisonous plant, bearing the tremendous name Atropa, one of the
furies." He says, "When tobacco is taken into the stomach for
the first time, it creates nausea and extreme disgust. If swallowed,
it excites violent convulsions of the stomach and of the bowels to eject
the poison either upward or downward. If it be not very speedily
and entirety ejected, it produces great anxiety, vertigo, faintness, and
prostration of all the senses; and, in some instances, death has followed."
The oil of this plant, he adds, is one of the strongest vegetable
poisons, insomuch that we know of no animal that can resist its
mortal effects. Moreover, says Dr. Waterhouse, after a long and
honorable course of practice, "I never observed so many pallid faces,
and so many marks of declining health; nor ever knew so many
hectical habits, and consumptive affections, as of late years; and I
trace this alarming inroad on young constitutions, <i>principally</i> to the
pernicious custom of smoking cigars."</p>
<p>Professor Graham says "Tobacco is one of the most <i>powerful</i> and
<i>deadly poisons</i> in the vegetable kingdom." "Its effects on the living
tissues of the animal system," he adds, "are always to destroy life;
as the experiments made on pigeons, cats, and other animals abundantly
prove."</p>
<p>The Editors of the Journal of Health say, "Tobacco is in fact an
absolute poison. A very moderate quantity introduced into the system,
even applying the moistened leaves to the stomach, has been
known very suddenly to extinguish life. In whatever form it may be
employed, a portion of the active principles of tobacco, mixed with
the saliva, invariably finds its way to the stomach, and disturbs or
impairs the functions of that organ. Hence most, if not all, who
are accustomed to the use of tobacco, labor under dyspeptic symptoms.
Our advice is to desist immediately and entirely from the use
of tobacco in every form, and in any quantity, however small. A
reform, to be efficacious, must be entire and complete."</p>
<p>Dr. Warren says, "The common belief that tobacco is beneficial
to the teeth, is entirely erroneous; on the contrary, by its poisonous
and relaxing qualities, it is positively injurious." Says another
physician, "Though snuff has been prescribed for the head-ache,
catarrh, and some species of opthalmia, and sometimes with good
effect; yet in all cases where its use is <i>continued</i>, it not only fails of
its medical effect, but commits great ravages on the whole nervous
system, superinducing hypochondria, tremors, a thickening of the
voice, and premature decay of all the intellectual powers."</p>
<p>As a diuretic, Dr. Fowler, and others, have found it in some
cases to be valuable. Its narcotic properties have sometimes as<!-- Page 14 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>suaged
the tooth-ache; but it always hastens the destruction of the
teeth. But of all substances in pharmacy, there seems to be a general
agreement among medical writers, that tobacco, though occasionally
beneficial, is the most unmanageable, and used with the least
confidence.</p>
<p>A multitude of cases, confirming these views, have actually occurred;
two or three of which I will cite. A clergyman, who commenced
the use of tobacco in youth, says, "that no very injurious
consequences were experienced till he entered the ministry, when
his system began to feel its dreadful effects. His voice, his appetite,
and his strength failed; and he was sorely afflicted with sickness
at the stomach, indigestion, emaciation, melancholy, and a prostration
of the whole nervous system. All this," says he, "I attribute
to the pernicious habit of smoking and chewing tobacco." At
length he abandoned the quid and the pipe. His voice, appetite,
and strength were soon restored; all aches subsided, and in a little
time general health was enjoyed.</p>
<p>Another clergyman writes, "I thank God, and I thank you, for
your advice to abandon smoking; my strength has doubled since I
relinquished this abominable practice."</p>
<p>A respectable gentleman in middle life, who commenced chewing
tobacco at the age of eighteen, was long afflicted with depression
of spirits, great emaciation, and the usual dyspeptic symptoms.—All
attempts to relieve him were fruitless, till he was persuaded to
dispense with his quid. Immediately his spirits revived, and he soon
regained his health.<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></p>
<p>Cases of reform and cure are occurring by thousands, every year,
all over the land. Let every lover of tobacco, who is afflicted with
<i>dyspepsia</i>, and nervous maladies, <i>reform</i>, immediately and entirely;
and let him adopt a simple and rational system of diet, regimen,
and employment; and in nine cases out of ten, he may hope to enjoy
good health, and live long to bless the world.</p>
<p>The conclusion from all this evidence is established, that tobacco
<i>is</i> an <i>active poison</i>; that its constant use induces the most distressing
and fatal diseases; and that, as a medicine, it is rarely needful,
and never used, even <i>medicinally</i>, with entire confidence. This
loathsome weed, then, should not be used, even <i>medicinally</i>, except in
extreme cases, and then in the hands of a skillful physician. For every
man—and especially for every boy, who has hardly entered
his teens—to take this poison into his own hands, and determine
for himself how much he will use, is as preposterous, as if he were
to take upon himself to deal out arsenic, corrosive sublimate, or calomel.</p>
<p>No man can devote himself to the pipe, the quid, or the snuff-box,
without certain injury to his health and constitution. He may not<!-- Page 15 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>
perceive the injury at once, on account of immediate exhilaration;
but complicated chronic complaints will creep upon him apace, making
life a burden, and issuing in premature dissolution. And just so
certain as it is our duty to do no murder,—to use all lawful means
to preserve our lives, and the lives of others; as certain is it our duty
and our privilege to practice <i>entire abstinence</i> from the use of tobacco.</p>
<p class="posit">I maintain the position I have laid down,</p>
<p class="posit">III. From the consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon
the <i>intellect</i>.</p>
<p>Here, again, let Professor Hitchcock speak. Says he, "Intoxicating
drinks, opium and tobacco, exert a pernicious influence upon
the intellect. They tend directly to debilitate the organs; and we
cannot take a more effectual course to cloud the understanding,
weaken the memory, unfix the attention, and confuse all the mental
operations, than by thus entailing upon ourselves the whole hateful
train of nervous maladies. These can bow down to the earth an intellect
of giant strength, and make it grind in bondage, like Sampson
shorn of his locks and deprived of his vision. The use of tobacco
may seem to soothe the feelings, and quicken the operations of the
mind; but to what purpose is it that the machine is furiously running
and buzzing after the balance wheel is taken off?"</p>
<p>The late Gov. Sullivan, speaking of the use of tobacco, says, "It
has never failed to render me dull and heavy, to interrupt my usual
alertness of thought, and to weaken the powers of my mind in analyzing
subjects and defining ideas."</p>
<p>The actual loss of <i>intellectual</i> power, which tobacco has hitherto
occasioned, and is still causing, in this Christian nation, is immense.
How immense, it is impossible accurately to calculate. Many a man
who might have been a giant, has not risen above mediocrity; and
many a man who might have been respectable and useful, has sunk
into obscurity, and buried his talents in the earth. This is a consideration
of deepest interest to every philanthropist, patriot, and
Christian in the land, and especially to all our youth. We live at
a time, and under circumstances, which call for the exertion of all
our intellectual strength, cultivated, improved and sanctified, to the
highest measure of possibility. Error, ignorance, and sin, must be
met and vanquished; they must be met and vanquished by light and
love. The eye of angels is upon us,—the eye of God is upon us,—and
shall we fetter, and palsy, and ruin our intellectual capabilities,
for the paltry pleasure of using one of the most poisonous, loathsome,
and destructive weeds found in the whole vegetable kingdom? Let
us rather shake off this abominable practice, and rise, as individuals
and as a nation, in all our intellectual potency,—and let us go forth
from day to day, to the noble purposes of our destiny, untrammelled
by the quid, or the pipe, or the snuff-box; and before another generation
shall lie down in the grave, our efforts and our example may
cause the light of human science, and the light of civil and religious
liberty, and the light of Bible truth, to blaze through all our valleys,<!-- Page 16 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>
and over all our hills, from Greenland to Cape Horn,—and with a
lustre that shall illumine the world.</p>
<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p>
<p class="posit">IV. From a consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon
public and private <i>morals</i>.</p>
<p>The ruinous effects of tobacco upon public and private morals, are
seen in the idle, sauntering habits, which the use of it engenders,—in
the benumbing, grovelling, stupid sensations which it induces,—but
especially in perpetuating and extending the practice of using intoxicating
drinks.</p>
<p>Governor Sullivan has truly said, "that the tobacco pipe excites a
demand for an extraordinary quantity of some beverage to supply the
waste of glandular secretion, in proportion to the expense of saliva;
and ardent spirits are the common substitutes; and the smoker is often
reduced to a state of dram drinking, and finishes his life as a sot."</p>
<p>Dr. Agnew has truly said, that "the use of the pipe leads to the
immoderate use of ardent spirits."</p>
<p>Dr. Rush has truly said, "that smoking and chewing tobacco, by
rendering water and other simple liquors insipid to the taste, dispose
very much to the stronger stimulus of ardent spirits; hence [says he]
the practice of smoking cigars, has been followed by the use of brandy
and water as common drink."</p>
<p>A writer in the Genius of Temperance, says that his practice of
smoking and chewing the filthy weed, "produced a continual thirst
for stimulating drinks; and this tormenting thirst [says he] led me
into the habit of drinking ale, porter, brandy, and other kinds of spirit,
even to the extent, at times, of partial intoxication." He adds,
"I reformed; and after I had subdued this appetite for tobacco, I
lost all desire for stimulating drinks."</p>
<p>Now the fact that some chew, and smoke, and snuff without becoming
sots, proves nothing against the general principle, that it is
the natural tendency of using tobacco to promote intoxication. Probably
<i>one tenth</i>, at least, of all the drunkards annually made in the nation,
and throughout the world, are made drunkards through the use
of tobacco. If thirty thousand drunkards are made annually in the
United States, three thousand must be charged to the use of tobacco.
If thirty thousand drunkards die annually, in the United States, three
thousand of these deaths must be charged to the use of tobacco. If
twenty thousand criminals are sentenced to our penitentiaries in
twenty years, through the influence of strong drink, two thousand
must be charged to the use of tobacco. If fifty-six millions of gallons
of ardent spirits have been annually consumed in this country,
five and a half millions must be charged to the use of tobacco. And
of all the Sabbath-breaking, profanity, quarrelling, and crime of every
description, caused by the use of intoxicating drink; a tithe must
be charged to the use of tobacco. And what friend of good morals,—what
friend of man,—what friend of his country,—what friend of
Christ and true religion,—and especially, what friend of the temperance
cause,—can look at these results with the eye of candor and<!-- Page 17 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>
compassion for his fellow-men, and then not deliberately resolve that
he will never chew another quid, nor smoke another whiff, nor snuff
another pinch of the dirty weed?</p>
<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p>
<p><span class="posit">V. From a consideration of the amazing <i>waste of property</i>, which
the use of tobacco involves.</span> On this point I have been unable to obtain
the means for making out a perfectly accurate statistical result.
I can only approximate a definite calculation. This approximation,
however, will serve all the purposes of this argument.</p>
<p>We will examine <i>three items</i>: the <i>cost</i> of the article,—the <i>time</i> wasted
by the use of it,—and the <i>pauperism</i> it occasions. From a statement
lately furnished me from the Treasury department of our National
Government, exhibiting the quantity and value of cigars and
snuff, exported from and imported into the United States, annually,
from 1st October, 1820 to 30th September, 1832, it appears that the
value of cigars imported into the United States in 1821, was $113,601.
In 1827 it was $174,931. In 1832 it was $473,134; while
from the same document it appears that the value of cigars exported,
in each of those years, was about one quarter the value of imports.</p>
<p>Hence it appears that, in 1832, about half a million of dollars were
paid for imported cigars; while in 1821, only $113,601 were paid;
being more than a four-fold increase in eleven years. Whether
there has been a corresponding increase in the value of domestic cigars
consumed, I have no means of determining. From the fact of
so prodigious an increase of imported cigars, I am led to fear that
the evil of cigar smoking has increased in this country within ten
years, far more rapidly than the increase of population. From this
treasury document, it appears also, that in 1824, the value of unmanufactured
tobacco exported from the United States, was</p>
<div class="center">
<table border="0" width="96%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="export value 1824">
<col style="width:82.5%;" /><col style="width:17.5%;" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td class="lj"> </td>
<td class="rj">$4,855,566</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="lj">Of manufactured tobacco, the value was</td>
<td class="rj">2,477,990</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="lj">Of snuff,</td>
<td class="rj">203,789</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="ljt">Making a total of</td>
<td class="rjtb">$7,537,345</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p class="nobot">In 1832, the value of unmanufactured tobacco exported, was</p>
<div class="center">
<table border="0" width="96%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="export value 1832">
<col style="width:82.5%;" /><col style="width:17.5%;" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td class="lj"> </td>
<td class="rj">$5,999,769</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="lj">Of manufactured tobacco,</td>
<td class="rj">3,456,071</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="lj">Of snuff,</td>
<td class="rj">295,771</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="ljt">Making a total of</td>
<td class="rjtb">$9,751,611</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="lj">for 1832, and an increase from the year 1824, of</td>
<td class="rj">$2,214,266</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Whether the quantity consumed in this country equals the quantity
exported, or exceeds that quantity, I have no data enabling me to
give a definite answer. But from the fact that large quantities of tobacco
are raised in various other parts of the world, for foreign consumption;
and from the fact that the people of this country are,
above all other people under the sun, a chewing, smoking, snuffing
people; I have very little doubt that the amount used in this country<!-- Page 18 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>
is double that exported. If so, the sum total paid annually, for this
vile weed, in this christian country, is $19,503,222. But as I wish in
this examination, to put the estimate <i>below</i> rather than <i>above</i> the truth,
I will set down the value of tobacco, cigars, and snuff, consumed annually
in this nation, as equal to the amount exported; that is, in
round numbers, $10,000,000.</p>
<p>That this is a very <i>low</i> estimate, will appear by another conclusive
calculation.</p>
<p>According to the census of 1830, the population of the U. States,
over twenty years of age, is about six millions. Suppose one in four
of our adult population, use tobacco in some form; (and this is a
very moderate supposition,) it gives one million, five hundred thousand:
and suppose one in twelve of those who have not reached the
age of twenty, use it; it gives five hundred thousand more: making
a total of two millions—or one sixth of our population—who use tobacco
in some form.</p>
<p>Now suppose the expense to the consumers of this noxious drug,
varies according to the quantity, and mode of using it. The expense
to some is two dollars a year, to some it is five, and to others
ten, twenty, and even fifty dollars a year. A laboring man, of my
acquaintance, who did not use tobacco extravagantly, and only by
chewing, told me that it cost him five dollars a year. A young lady
of my acquaintance, says her snuff costs eight dollars a year. If
a man pay three cents a day for cigars, it amounts to ten dollars,
ninety-five cents a year. If he pay six cents, it amounts to twenty-one
dollars, ninety cents a year. If he pay twelve and a half cents,
it amounts to forty-four dollars, sixty-two cents a year.</p>
<p>It is the opinion of good judges, that very many, who smoke freely
and use Spanish cigars, pay more than fifty dollars a year for
this foolish gratification.</p>
<p>King James, in his "Counterblast," says, "Some of the gentry
of this land, bestow three, some four hundred pounds a year, upon
this precious stink."</p>
<p>It will certainly be a moderate calculation to put down one quarter
of the consumers at two dollars a year,—one quarter at five,—one
quarter at eight,—and one quarter at ten dollars a year. Then
the several items will stand thus:—</p>
<div class="center">
<table border="0" width="96%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="consumption">
<col style="width:82.5%;" /><col style="width:17.5%;" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td class="lj">Half a million at two dollars, is</td>
<td class="rj">$1,000,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="lj">Half a million at five dollars, is</td>
<td class="rj">2,500,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="lj">Half a million at eight dollars, is</td>
<td class="rj">4,000,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="lj">Half a million at ten dollars, is</td>
<td class="rj"> 5,000,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="ljtt">Total</td>
<td class="rjtb">$12,500,000.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Again: the amount of tobacco annually consumed in France, as
appears from authentic documents, is about seven millions of pounds;
which is about one pound to every four persons. The amount annually
consumed in England, as appears from authentic documents,
is about seventeen millions; which is about one pound to every man,<!-- Page 19 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>
woman and child, in that nation.<a name="FNanchor_C_3" id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> In the United States, probably
there are eight times as much used as in France, and three times as
much as in England, in proportion to our population. If so, the
quantity used in this country cannot fall short of thirty-five millions
of pounds;<a name="FNanchor_D_4" id="FNanchor_D_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a> which, at thirty cents a pound, amounts to ten and a
half millions of dollars; not including cigars and snuff, which cost
half as much more; making the total sum fifteen and three fourths
millions of dollars. And this enormous sum is doubtless <i>below</i> what
the article actually cost the consumers.</p>
<p>From these <i>three</i> results, we believe there cannot be a doubt that
the actual expense of tobacco, in its various forms, to the consumers
in this country, may safely be set down at <i>ten millions of dollars a
year</i>.</p>
<p>The amount of <i>time</i> lost by the consumers of tobacco, is another
item of no inconsiderable moment. Some spend two, three, and four
hours a day in this vile indulgence. To all who use the article, in
any way, it occasions the loss of more or less time. If we put down
the average amount at half an hour a day; and reckon the time thus
lost at four cents an hour, it will amount—not reckoning Sabbaths—to
six dollars, twenty-six cents a year, for each individual; which,
for the whole company of consumers, is an amount of $12,520,000.</p>
<p>The <i>pauperism</i> which tobacco occasions, is another fearful item.
Multitudes who are scarcely able to procure the necessaries of life,
will shift, by sacrificing health and comfort, to procure the daily
<i>quantum sufficit</i> of tobacco. Many very poor families use tobacco,
in all ways. Now suppose a poor family use twenty-five cents'
worth of tobacco a week; it will amount to twelve dollars fifty cents
a year,—and in fifty years, reckoning principal and interest, it will
amount to three thousand five hundred and fifty-two dollars.</p>
<p>Just look at this tax for snuff and tobacco, in a single aspect more.
Many think it will make <i>no</i> man the poorer, to pay six cents a day
for this indulgence. It will make <i>every</i> man the poorer. Let any
young mechanic, or farmer, or merchant, consume six and a quarter
cents' worth of this drug a day—beginning at twenty years of
age, and continuing until he is sixty years old—and the sum total,
reckoning principal and interest, will amount, in these forty years,
to three thousand five hundred and twenty-nine dollars, thirty-six
cents.</p>
<p>If the <i>cost</i> of tobacco,—the <i>neglect of business</i> which it occasions,—the
expense of the <i>pipes</i> and the <i>boxes</i>, and the various <i>apparatus</i>
which the use of it involves,—and the <i>intoxication</i> to which it leads,—all
be reckoned up, the amount of <i>pauperism</i> which this weed
brings upon the nation, cannot be less than one quarter of the sum
total of all our pauperism. And the sum total of the pauperism in<!-- Page 20 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span>
this nation, has been shown, again and again, to be not less than
twelve millions of dollars, annually. Hence the pauper tax, occasioned
by the use of tobacco, may be set down at three millions of
dollars, annually.</p>
<div class="center">
<table border="0" width="96%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="consumption">
<col style="width:82.5%;" /><col style="width:17.5%;" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td class="lj">Here we have, then, the <i>expense</i> of tobacco,</td>
<td class="rj">$10,000,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="lj">The <i>time</i> lost by the use of it,</td>
<td class="rj">$12,520,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="lj">The <i>pauper tax</i> which it occasions,</td>
<td class="rj"> $3,000,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="ljtt">Total</td>
<td class="rjtb">$25,520,000</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>To this sum should be added one-tenth of the waste of property,
which strong drink occasions; inasmuch as one-tenth of the rum-drinking
must be charged to tobacco. Now, it has been estimated
that the whole cost of strong drink used annually, in this country,
amounts to one hundred and twenty-five millions of dollars; a tenth
of which is twelve and a half millions of dollars. If this tithe be added
to the above estimate, it will make the sum total thirty-eight and
a half millions. But as I intend my estimates shall be <i>moderate</i>, I
will say nothing of the waste of property which tobacco occasions in
connection with strong drink. I will put down the sum total as
above twenty-five millions of dollars.</p>
<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars, consumed by the use of tobacco,
in this Christian nation, annually; and not a little of it by professors
of religion, and ministers of the gospel, who are required by
their Lord and Master to deny themselves,—to take up their cross,—to
let their light shine before men, that they may see their good
works, and glorify our Father in heaven. Nearly the whole of this
twenty-five millions of dollars is a <i>dead loss</i> to the nation; yes, it is
infinitely <i>worse</i> than a dead loss; it not only does no good, but it
actually goes to make fools and beggars, idlers and sots,—to purchase
dyspepsia, early graves and everlasting shame. And what would
this vast amount of property accomplish, if saved and devoted to useful
purposes.</p>
<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars annually, if applied to the improvement
of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and to the advancement
of the arts, sciences, and true religion, would accomplish
everything for this nation, that the enlightened patriot and true
Christian can ask for.</p>
<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, would soon furnish canals,
and rail-roads, and all other desirable facilities for intercommunication
throughout the nation. Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually,
would sustain all our colleges, academies and other schools,
and all the religious and benevolent institutions of this whole country.
It would rear seminaries of learning in every State where they are
needed; and it would plant a Sabbath school, with a sufficient library
in every school district.</p>
<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, if applied in all feasible
and suitable ways, would give freedom, with all the blessings of
Christianity to the colored race in our own country, and throughout<!-- Page 21 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span>
the continent of Africa in a very few years: and would terminate
slavery and the slave-trade in every part of the world.</p>
<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars annually, would send forth to the
nations now perishing in heathen darkness, ten thousand missionaries,
and five millions of tracts, every year, provided the men could
be found.</p>
<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, would, in five years, furnish
all the money necessary to carry into complete execution, that
noble purpose of the American Bible Society, of giving a copy of the
Bible, within a specified time, to every accessible family on the
earth. And what friend of man is there among us,—what patriot
is there,—what Christian is there,—who can look at these truths,
and not make up his mind to abandon all use of tobacco, <i>forever</i>;
and to exert the whole weight of his influence and example to persuade
others to do the same?</p>
<p>I am aware, indeed, that it may be said, if the whole company of
tobacco-chewers, smokers, and snuffers, should at once abandon all
use of this weed, and thus withdraw their whole patronage, this
twenty-five millions of dollars, which now gives wealth to many a
man engaged in growing, manufacturing, and vending the poison,
would be so much capital unemployed; and the means of living
would be cut off from many a family,—and bankruptcy, and wretchedness
would be the consequent portion of many an individual. This
may be true. And it may be true, too, that the like consequences
would follow the universal abandonment of intoxicating liquors. But
what then? Shall one sixth part of the nation continue to use this
poison, because, forsooth, the <i>producers</i> and <i>venders</i> of it will lose
their profits if it be abandoned? Shall the <i>intellect</i>, and <i>health</i>, and
<i>comfort</i>, and <i>wealth</i>, and <i>lives</i> of hundreds and thousands of our fellow
citizens, be sacrificed yearly; and widows and orphans be multiplied
by scores and fifties, in every section of this wide-spreading
country; and one of the prominent auxiliaries of <i>intemperance</i>,—and
consequently of <i>crime</i>, and <i>insanity</i>, and <i>eternal woe</i>—be cherished;
and twenty-five millions of dollars be <i>wasted</i>, and worse than wasted;
and all this, that the <i>producers</i> and <i>venders</i> may feed and fatten on
the gains? This objection lies equally against the temperance reform
and every other reform, where cupidity and avarice are involved.</p>
<p>As to the producers, it is affirmed on good authority, that hemp
and corn, and other useful articles may be substituted without loss,
and even with advantage. As to the venders, their capital may all
be profitably employed upon valuable merchandise, without damage.
But if it were not so; where <i>health</i>, <i>life</i>, and <i>happiness</i> are involved,
no good man can hesitate. The path of duty is plain. We are bound
to walk in it, even though it run counter to the gains of those engaged
in unlawful commerce.</p>
<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p>
<p class="posit">VI. From a consideration of the <i>mortality</i> which tobacco occasions.</p>
<p>Some of my readers may be startled at this consideration. They<!-- Page 22 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span>
may not have dreamed, even, that tobacco <i>kills</i> any body. So insidious
are the effects of this poison, and so insensible have the community
been to its abominations, that very few have regarded the use of
tobacco as the cause of swelling our bills of mortality. But though
appalling, it is nevertheless true, that tobacco carries vast multitudes
to the grave, all over our country, every year. Says Dr. Salmon,
"I am confident more people have died of apoplexies, since the use
of snuff in one year, than have died of that disease in an hundred
years before; and most, if not all, whom I have observed to die, of
late of that disease, were extreme and constant snuff-takers." The
late Rev. Dr. Samuel Cooper, of Boston, by constant use of snuff,
brought on a disorder of the head, which was thought to have ended
his days. A very large quantity of hardened Scotch snuff was found,
by a <i>post mortem</i> examination, between the external nose and the
brain. The late Gov. Sullivan, speaking of Gov. Hancock, the early
President of Congress, says, "Gov. Hancock was an immoderate
chewer of tobacco; but being a well-bred man, and a perfect gentleman,
he, from a sense of decorum, refrained from spitting in company,
or in well-dressed rooms. This produced the habit of swallowing
the juice of the tobacco, the consequence of which was, his stomach
became inactive, and a natural appetite seldom returned; the
agreeable sensations of hunger could not be experienced but by the
use of stimulants, to satisfy which he swallowed more food than his
digestive powers could dispose of. This derangement in chylification
increased his gout, his stomach became paralytic, and he died at the
age of fifty-eight."</p>
<p>Again, says Governor Sullivan, "My own brother, the active
General Sullivan, began early in life to take snuff. It injured essentially
a fine voice which he possessed as a public speaker. When
he was an officer in the American army, he carried his snuff loose
in his pocket. He said he did this because the opening of a snuff-box
in the field of review, or on the field of battle, was inconvenient.
At times he had violent pains in the head; the intervals grew shorter
and shorter, and the returns more violent, when his sufferings
ended in a stroke of palsy, which rendered him insensible to pain,
made him helpless and miserable, and lodged him in the grave before
he was fifty years of age; and I have no doubt [says the Governor,]
but all this sprung from the use of snuff." He adds, "I have known
some persons live to old age, in the extravagant use of tobacco; but
they bear a small proportion to those who, by the habit of using tobacco,
have been swept into the grave in <i>early</i> or <i>middle</i> life."</p>
<p>Professor Silliman mentions two affecting cases of young men,
in the Institution with which he is connected, who were carried to
an early grave by tobacco. One of them, he says, entered college
with an athletic frame; but he acquired the habit of using tobacco,
and would sit and smoke by the hour together. His friends tried to
persuade him to quit the practice; but he loved his lust, and would
have it, live or die: the consequence was, he went down to the
grave, a suicide.<!-- Page 23 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
<p>One of the German periodicals says, the chief German physiologists
compute, that of twenty deaths of men between eighteen and
twenty-five, ten, that is, one half, originate in the waste of the constitution
by smoking. They declare, also, with much truth, that tobacco
burns out the <i>blood</i>, the <i>teeth</i>, the <i>eyes</i>, and the <i>brain</i>.</p>
<p>To this unequivocal testimony, which is confirmed by the observation
of every intelligent person who has turned his attention to this
matter, much more might be added; but it is unnecessary. How
large a proportion of the twenty thousand deaths—reckoning one
death to a hundred souls—which occur annually, among the two
millions of tobacco consumers in this country, are to be charged to
the use of this deadly narcotic, I am unable definitely to determine.
If we suppose one quarter of these deaths to be caused by tobacco,
it will give us the number of five thousand. Five thousand deaths
in these United States, every year from the use of tobacco! and
this is doubtless far below the actual number. Five thousand valuable
lives sacrificed in this enlightened land, annually, in the use of
a dirty plant, that no living creature, except man and the tobacco
worm, will touch, or taste, or handle. Five thousand men and women
carried to the grave, yearly, by a poisonous weed, which does
<i>no good</i>, and which, for filthiness and disgust, scarcely has its parallel
in the whole vegetable kingdom. Is there a <i>Christian</i>,—is there
a <i>patriot</i>,—is there a <i>friend</i> of humanity,—is there an <i>individual</i>, that
values his own probationary existence,—who can look at the sweeping
mortality which tobacco brings upon the nation, and longer indulge
his attachment to his quid, his pipe or his snuff-box? Is there
one who will pause and look at this matter, and not resolve that he
will, <i>forthwith</i>, <i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>, abandon a practice which does
so much to people the grave?</p>
<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p>
<p class="posit">VII.—From a consideration of the <i>apologies</i> of the lovers of tobacco.</p>
<p>I call them <i>apologies</i>. They cannot be considered <i>reasons</i>. Almost
every lover of the dirty weed, feels that he needs an apology. One
will tell us he has a cold, watery stomach, and he thinks that tobacco,
by promoting expectoration, relieves the difficulty. Another
will tell us he is very much troubled with indigestion, and he thinks
tobacco relieves the difficulty; though, in truth, tobacco is the very
worst drug he could use to relieve that disease, and is among the
primordial causes of inducing it. Another will tell us that he is afflicted
with the rising of his food after eating, and he thinks tobacco
gives immediate relief; not suspecting, perhaps, that this rising of
the food is occasioned by over eating. Another will tell us he has
a distressing difficulty in the head, and brain, and he thinks a little
good Scotch snuff affords relief; as though the filling the pores,
and cavities of the head, and clogging up the brain, with this dirty
stuff, would remove a disease which in most cases it originates.</p>
<p>Others use tobacco to preserve the teeth; and this, though it is a
solemn truth, that many a one loses his teeth by smoking and chew<!-- Page 24 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>ing
the poisonous plant. Others, again, use tobacco to excite the
mind to more vigorous intellectual effort. But when and where do
we find great lovers of tobacco great students, and intellectual giants?
Dr. Rush says, "I suspect tobacco is oftener used for the
<i>want</i> of ideas, than to excite them." There are some whose apology
for using tobacco is, that it guards them against the power of
contagious diseases. But Dr. Rees affirms that tobacco does not
contain an antidote against contagion, and that, in general, it has no
antiseptic power; and is therefore of no special use. There is
another class still, who use tobacco because it soothes the irksomeness
of life. They fear solitude; and to prevent self-examination,
and to while away their probation time, they fly to the <i>pipe</i>, <i>quid</i>, and
<i>snuff-box</i>; and soon, by an easy transition, to the wine-glass and
brandy-bottle.</p>
<p>These are the <i>usual apologies</i> of the devotees to tobacco. And
what do they amount to? In truth, the common opinion that tobacco
is good for the head-ache,—weak eyes,—cold and watery stomachs,—the
preservation of the teeth,—and the like, is sheer delusion.
Let every man and woman, who would live long, and usefully, and
happily, awake from this delusion; and let no one, as he values
health, life, and salvation, <i>taste</i>, <i>touch</i>, or <i>handle</i>, the filthy poison.</p>
<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p>
<p><span class="posit">VIII, <span class="smcap">and lastly</span>.—From a consideration of the <i>eternal ruin</i>
which tobacco occasions.</span> On this point, a word or two only, will
suffice. That tobacco carries many a soul down to the pit of eternal
woe, is manifest from its connection with drunkenness, and from
its inducing disease and death. Every man who dies a drunkard,
and every man who, knowingly and recklessly, brings upon
himself disease and death through the influence of tobacco, is a
<i>suicide</i>. And drunkards and suicides cannot inherit the kingdom of
God. How many will at last, ascribe their eternal ruin to alcohol
and tobacco, cannot now be told.</p>
<p>That it will be a great multitude, (perhaps a great multitude which
no man can number,) we have no reason to doubt.</p>
<p>What then, I ask, <i>ought</i> to be <i>done</i>? What <i>can</i> be done? What
<i>must</i> be done? If this poisonous narcotic be of <i>recent</i> origin; if it
be ruinous to the <i>health</i> and <i>constitution</i>, and <i>intellect</i>, and <i>public</i>
and <i>private morals</i>; if it occasions an amazing <i>waste of property</i>,—and
a multitude of <i>deaths</i>,—and <i>eternal ruin</i> to many precious souls;
and if it do no good,—and there be no <i>apology</i> for using it, which
will bear examination; then <i>something ought to be done</i>, and it ought
to be done <i>immediately</i>. And, <i>only one</i> thing need be done. And
that <i>can</i> be done, and it ought to be done. It is this:—<i>tobacco can
be abandoned</i>. And if moral influence enough can be enlisted, it <i>will</i>
be abandoned.</p>
<p>TOTAL ABSTINENCE is the only sure remedy. TOTAL
ABSTINENCE will deliver us from all the evils which this weed
has brought down upon individuals and families, and the nation.—Nothing
else will do it. And total abstinence can be adopted and<!-- Page 25 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>
practiced. True; in some cases, it may cost an <i>effort</i>; but, in every
instance, three weeks' perseverance will overcome the habit.
Three weeks' <i>total abstinence</i>, will disenthrall every victim, and give
him the prospect of <i>freedom</i>, <i>plenty</i>, <i>health</i>, and <i>happiness</i>. And
shall this effort be made? A <i>mighty</i> effort it must be, to liberate and
save this whole nation—and especially our young men and maidens—from
the curses of the <i>quid</i>, the <i>pipe</i>, and the <i>snuff-box</i>.</p>
<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to my fellow citizens. I appeal to the <i>nation</i>, and the
<i>whole nation</i>.</span> <i>Shall</i> the effort be made?</p>
<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to <i>patriots</i>.</span> Patriotism forbids the man who loves his
country, to shrink from any personal sacrifice, if he can thereby arrest
some great national evil. That the use of tobacco is a great national
evil, appears from the considerations which have been laid before
you. It has been shown that tobacco is weakening the physical
and mental energies of this nation,—that it is depraving our morals,
and destroying the public conscience,—and that it is causing an amazing
waste of property, and health and life. I ask every patriot to
look at this portentous evil. Every true patriot, who will examine
the length, breadth, and depth of this evil, cannot but feel that it
claims his attention. And he will enquire what efforts, what sacrifices,
can deliver us from the curses of this narcotic? The answer
to this inquiry is an <i>easy</i> answer,—the effort is an <i>easy</i> effort,—the
sacrifice is an <i>easy</i> sacrifice. Let every true patriot in our country
abstain from the poison, <i>immediately</i>, <i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>; and let
him use the whole weight of his influence and example to persuade
others—and especially the young men and maidens of this republic—to
practice entire abstinence; and the work will soon be done.
We put the question to every true patriot: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p>
<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to <i>Christians</i>.</span> Your religion requires you to abstain
from the very appearance of evil. It requires you to deny yourselves,
to take up your cross, and to follow Christ through evil, as well
as through good report. Is there no appearance of evil, in the use
of tobacco? Can the Christian deny himself and follow Christ, with
the quid, or pipe in his mouth, or the contents of the snuff-box in
his nose? If Christ himself, were here on earth, in this age of action,
when six hundred millions of men, for whom he died, are perishing
for lack of vision—think you he would waste a single cent of
<i>property</i>, or a single moment of <i>time</i>, or a single ounce of health
and mental energy, in the habitual use of this narcotic? Would he
<i>handle</i>, <i>touch</i>, or <i>taste</i>, the poison? And will <i>you</i>, whose names are
written in his book,—<i>you</i>, who have been bought with his blood,
and sanctified through his grace, and made heirs of all the riches of
his kingdom,—<i>you</i>, whom he requires to be <i>examples</i> in all things,—will
you <i>handle</i>, or <i>touch</i> or <i>taste</i> it? Let every Christian in our
country, abstain from this poison, <i>immediately</i>, <i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>;
and let him use the whole weight of his influence and example, to
persuade others to practice <i>entire abstinence</i>; and this work of reform
will soon be done. We put the question to every true Christian:<span class="appeal">
<i>will you do it</i>?</span><!-- Page 26 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to the <i>youth</i> of both sexes.</span> You are the flower and the
hope not only of this nation, but of all nations struggling for freedom.
The destinies of this republic are about being placed, under
God, in your hands; and inasmuch as all the friends of freedom,
everywhere, are looking up to our institutions for light and aid, the
destinies of the world will rest with a mightier weight of responsibility
upon your shoulders, than upon any other generation that has
come forth upon the stage of action, for twenty centuries. The importance
of sound and enlightened principles—of pure and elevated
examples, and independent and decided action in <i>you</i>, is above all
estimation. You are placed in the moral Thermopylæ of the world.
The evils arising from <i>alcohol</i> and <i>tobacco</i>, which you have it in your
power to avert from your country, are more dreadful than the invasion
of Xerxes with his millions. The cause of moral reform, in
the use of the latter of these articles, which we urge upon you with
deepest and sincerest solicitude, is far more urgent than that in which
the Bruti and the Gracchi offered up their lives. Some of you have
not yet handled or tasted the fatal drug. Let all such stand firm
henceforward, and never yield to the power of custom, temptation
and lust. Some of you, on the other hand, have permitted yourselves
to become the victims of this drug. Let all such be urged
by the voice of patriotism, religion, self-respect, reason, conscience,
and duty, to <i>abstain</i> from this poison, <i>immediately</i>, <i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>.
And then every young man, and every young woman, in the
republic, shall be free from all the calamities attending the use of
this narcotic; and love, and peace, and joy, will run through the
land, and flow over the world. We put the question to every
youth: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p>
<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to the <i>friends of temperance</i>.</span> You have enlisted your energies
to expel intoxicating drinks from common use throughout the
world. Go on, and prosper. But, as you go, remember, that complete
success will not crown your exertions unless you are consistent,—unless
you abandon all use of tobacco, the companion and sister
of alcohol. As you go forth to the noble work you have undertaken,
you will be met at every corner, with the declaration of A. B.
and C., <i>I</i> am ready to abstain from alcohol when <i>you</i> do from tobacco;
and how effectually will this declaration shut your mouth, and
destroy your influence. Be <i>consistent</i>. Carry your principles into
<i>all</i> your evil habits, and a moral potency will be diffused through
what you say and do, that nothing can resist. We put the question
to every friend of temperance: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p>
<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to American <i>females</i>.</span> As mothers, wives and daughters,
you have it in your power (without turning aside from your appropriate
duties) to put an end to the use of this disgusting weed. The
children and youth of this nation, to say nothing of the young men
and fathers, are almost exclusively under your control; and may be
moulded at your pleasure. You know how <i>filthy</i>, <i>disgusting</i>, <i>ruinous</i>,
is the practice against which we ask you to set your faces. Only
practice ENTIRE ABSTINENCE yourselves, and urge this
practice upon all within your reach; and in less than twenty years,<!-- Page 27 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>
this reformation will be completed. We put the question to every
mother, wife, daughter: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p>
<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to the <i>medical</i> profession.</span> You are the guardians of the
health of the republic. You are acquainted with the deadly properties
of the drug in question. You can understand the necessity, and
appreciate the importance of reform. You know that <i>entire abstinence</i>
is urged by paramount considerations. In the work of reform
from spirit-drinking, you have acted in a manner that reflects honor
upon your profession. In the work of reform now urged upon your
notice, we calculate upon your active, hearty co-operation. If you
put your hand to this work, by <i>precept</i>, and by <i>example</i>; if you abstain
<i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>, from all use of this plant, and inculcate
entire abstinence, as you have opportunity; the work which now
bespeaks your attention will soon be done. We put the question to
every medical man: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p>
<p><span class="appeal">Finally—I appeal to <i>ministers</i> of the Gospel.</span> You are stationed
on the watch-towers of Zion, as guardians of the public morals.
Against every abomination your great Master requires you to cry
aloud and spare not; to lift up your voice like a trumpet; to show
the people their transgressions, and the house of Jacob their sins.
He requires you to be <i>examples</i> to the flock, in all things, that, while</p>
<p class="center" style="font-size:90%">"You allure to brighter worlds,"</p>
<p>you "may lead the way." I ask you to look at the influence of tobacco
upon the <i>health</i>, <i>wealth</i>, <i>morals</i>, and <i>lives</i> of this republic; and
then to decide, as in the fear of God, whether the blood of souls may
not be found on your garments, if you do not <i>abstain</i> yourselves
from all common use of this drug, and warn every man around you
to do likewise.<a name="FNanchor_E_5" id="FNanchor_E_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_5" class="fnanchor">[E]</a> Suffer us to point you to Him who went about doing
good, and pleased not himself, and set a pure and perfect example in
everything; and also to that early servant of his, who would abstain
from things good and lawful, rather than prejudice the interests of
Zion. What reception would the Apostles have met, when they
went about to enlighten and reform the world, if they had carried
with them their <i>snuff-boxes</i>, <i>pipes</i>, <i>cigars</i>, and <i>pig-tail</i> tobacco? But
a word to the wise is sufficient. Let all who minister in holy things,
abstain from this poison, immediately, entirely, and forever; and
let them use the whole weight of their influence, and example, to
persuade others—and especially our youth—to practice entire abstinence;
and this good work will soon be done. We put the question
to every minister of Christ: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p>
<div class="footnotes">
<h4 class="footnotes">FOOTNOTES</h4>
<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> It has recently been affirmed that there is a dirty goat in South America which
will eat this dirty plant.</p></div>
<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Extracts in point might here be given from numerous letters received by the
Author, since the publication of the first edition; but it is unnecessary.</p></div>
<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> The tobacco imported and used for home consumption in Great Britain and
Ireland in 1832, amounted to 20,313,651 pounds—the duty on which was 15,300,000
dollars.</p></div>
<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_D_4" id="Footnote_D_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_4"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> 1,765,000 pounds of tobacco passed up the Erie Canal in seven and a half
months in 1834.</p></div>
<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_E_5" id="Footnote_E_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_5"><span class="label">[E]</span></a> Says a distinguished correspondent—the most efficient officer of one of our benevolent
institutions, "Not long since a clergyman called on me as agent for one
of the most popular Societies for spreading the knowledge of Christ crucified
throughout the world: his breath was intolerable, and the tobacco juice had formed
a current from each corner of his mouth downward. I need not describe to
you my feelings at this exhibition."</p></div>
</div>
<hr class="major" />
<h2>JUST PUBLISHED.</h2>
<p>"<span class="smcap">Facts and Important Information from distinguished Physicians
and other sources</span>." Fourth Edition. Published by Geo.
Gregory. For sale by D. S. King, 1 Cornhill, Jordan & Co., 121
Washington St., Boston—John S. Taylor, 145 Nassau St., N. Y.—Wm.
Aplin, 65 South Main Street, Providence.</p>
<p>Price—12 1-2 cts. single, $1 per dozen, $8 a hundred, and $7 a
hundred, by the thousand. All communications addressed, post paid,
to either of the sellers, and all orders accompanied with the cash,
will receive prompt attention.</p>
<p>This little work relates to an important subject and it has met with
a remarkably favorable reception; as shown by the fact, that four
editions—<i>twenty thousand</i> copies in all—have been published within
ten months; and the sale is rapidly increasing.</p>
<hr class="minor" />
<h4>RECOMMENDATIONS.</h4>
<p><i>The following highly valuable testimonials are from President</i> <span class="smcap">Edwards</span>,
<i>Professor</i> <span class="smcap">Stuart</span>, <i>Rev. Dr.</i> <span class="smcap">Woods</span>, <i>and Professor</i> <span class="smcap">Emerson</span>,
<i>of the Andover Theological Seminary</i>.</p>
<p>Having read the <span class="smcap">Facts</span>, &c., I am satisfied that it is well adapted
to do good, and wish that it may have an extensive circulation among
the youth of our country.</p>
<p class="nobot"><i>Andover, Aug. 16, 1841</i>.</p>
<p class="rightsig">J. EDWARDS.</p>
<hr class="minor" />
<p class="rightsig"><i>Andover, 29th, July, 1841</i>.</p>
<p>I have read a pamphlet entitled "<span class="smcap">Facts</span>, etc., from <span class="smcap">Distinguished
Physicians and Other Sources</span>," respecting a vice which is undermining
the health and happiness of many, and degrading them, in
some respects, below the brute creation.</p>
<p>I think there is nothing in the manner of this pamphlet which can
be matter of just offence to any considerate mind. I am persuaded,
that, delicate as the task may be, the time has come when benevolence
demands that some effort should be made to enlighten the public
mind on the subject of which this pamphlet treats; and both the
remarks of the pamphlet, and the facts stated in it, seem to be well
adapted for this purpose. Most heartily do I wish success to that
benevolence which is willing to undertake a task so delicate and so
difficult as this.</p>
<p>It is time for those who love the purity, the well-being and the
most interesting relations of human society, to speak out upon a vice
which is dangerous in proportion to the secrecy and silence in
which it has been involved.</p>
<p class="nobot33">We fully concur in the above.</p>
<p class="rightsig">
M. STUART.<br />
L. WOODS.<br />
R. EMERSON.
</p>
<div class="promo">
<p>Recommended by the Boston Recorder, Zion's Herald, and many other papers;
also by numerous clergymen, teachers, physicians, &c.</p>
<hr class="minor" />
<p>Dr. Woodward, of the Worcester Hospital, has done much to expose this solitary
vice. He says no cause is more influential in producing insanity. According
to the Report of the Institution, for 1838, out of 199 patients, 42 are considered victims
of masturbation.</p>
<h4>RECOMMENDATIONS.</h4>
<p class="center"><i>From President Humphrey, of Amherst College.</i></p>
<p class="rightsig"><span class="smcap">Amherst College</span>, April 17, 1842.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Rev. Orin Fowler</span>:—Rev. and Dear Sir—I thank you heartily for your
pamphlet, on the use of that vile narcotic, <i>tobacco</i>. It ought to be the abhorring
of all mankind, as it is of all other flesh; and the extensive circulation
of your timely and powerful antidote, cannot fail of doing great good. The
public in general have no idea of the enormous expense of smoking and
chewing in this country; much less of the waste of health and life occasioned
by it. I rejoice that your essay begins to be loudly called for, and wish that
as many copies might be circulated as there are miserable slaves to the habit,
which, next to alcoholic drinking, is stupefying more brains, and probably
shortening more lives than any other.</p>
<p class="nobot33">
Very sincerely and affectionately yours,</p>
<p class="rightsig">H. HUMPHREY.</p>
<hr class="minor" />
<p class="center"><i>From Rev. M. Tucker, D. D.</i></p>
<p><span class="smcap">Providence</span>, April 30, 1842.</p>
<p>I have read with interest the Rev. Orin Fowler's Essay on the evils of the
use of Tobacco. A perusal cannot fail to convince every candid mind. The
use of tobacco in most cases is an evil. The subject is ably discussed in this
essay. The arguments are sound, the facts abundant, and the conclusions
fair and forcible. They who can resist such appeals must be slaves indeed.
I shall rejoice in its wide circulation.</p>
<p class="rightsig">M. TUCKER.</p>
<hr class="minor" />
<p class="center"><i>From Edward C. Delevan</i>.</p>
<p>E. C. Delevan, former Secretary of the New York State Temperance Society,
says, in a letter to the author—"The subject of your Essay is one of
immense importance to the world and to the temperance cause. The use of this
vile weed has been the medium of forming the appetite for strong drink, and
ultimately destroying thousands of the most promising youth of our country.
You will hardly ever meet with an intemperate person without finding him
addicted to the use of tobacco. The public only want light on this important
subject, to act. Your able and convincing Disquisition will be the means of
doing much good. I hope funds will be provided to furnish a copy to each
clergyman in the United States. Send me one thousand copies of the second
edition, as soon as it is from the press."</p>
<p>For other recommendations, see 7th and 8th pages.</p>
<p><span class="smcap">Price</span>.—12 1-2 single, $1 per dozen, $8 a hundred, and $7 a hundred by
the thousand.</p>
<p>The co-operation of Societies, and of benevolent individuals, is earnestly
requested, in this important reform. Young men are invited to engage in
circulating this work.</p>
<p>All communications addressed post paid, to either of the Booksellers named
on the cover; and all orders accompanied with the cash, will receive prompt
attention.</p>
</div>
<div class="tnote">
<p class="center">Transcriber’s Note</p>
<p>Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as possible,
including obsolete and variant spellings and other inconsistencies.</p>
<p>Minor punctuation and printing errors have been corrected.</p>
</div>
<pre>
End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Disquisition on the Evils of Using
Tobacco, by Orin Fowler
*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVILS OF TOBACCO ***
***** This file should be named 24366-h.htm or 24366-h.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/3/6/24366/
Produced by David Garcia, Joe Longo and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Kentuckiana Digital Library)
Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.
Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.
*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
http://gutenberg.org/license).
Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that
- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is
owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments
must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg-tm works.
- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
of receipt of the work.
- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at
809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact
information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
page at http://pglaf.org
For additional contact information:
Dr. Gregory B. Newby
Chief Executive and Director
gbnewby@pglaf.org
Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation
Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To
SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
particular state visit http://pglaf.org
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.
Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
http://www.gutenberg.org
This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
</pre>
</body>
</html>
|
