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M. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + p.titleblock {margin-top: 0em; margin-bottom: 0em; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; line-height: 125%;} + p.nobot {margin-bottom: 0em} + p.nobot33 {margin-bottom: 0em; margin-left:33%} + p.rightsig {text-align: right; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom: 0.0em; margin-right: 5%;} + + h2,h4 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + hr.minor {width: 15%; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;} + hr.major {width: 55%; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0em; page-break-before: always;} + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;empty-cells: show} + td.lj {text-align:left;white-space:nowrap} + td.ljt {text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;text-indent:25%} + td.ljtt {text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;text-indent:50%} + td.rj {text-align:right;white-space:nowrap} + td.rjtb {text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;border-top:2px solid black} + .center table { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left} + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + .promo {font-size: smaller} + + div.tnote p {text-indent: 0; margin-top: .5em;} + div.tnote {border: dashed 1px; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em; + font-size: 90%; page-break-before: always} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + .smcapnorm {font-variant: small-caps;font-style:normal} + + .footnote {font-size: 95%;line-height:1.3em} + .footnote .label {float:left; text-align:left;width:1.5em} + .footnote a {text-decoration:none} + .fnanchor {font-size: 70%; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.5em; background-color: #fff} + .footnotes { max-width: 46em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: dotted 1px silver; + padding: 0 1em 1em 1em} + .footnotes h4 { border:none; text-align:center;margin-top: 0.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%} + + .pledge {margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6em} + .posit {font-weight:500;font-size: 115%} + .appeal {font-weight:500;font-size: 105%} + + .frontpageborder {background-image: url('images/titleborder.png'); + background-position: top center; background-repeat: no-repeat;} + + + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco, by +Orin Fowler + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco + and the Necessity of Immediate and Entire Reformation + +Author: Orin Fowler + +Release Date: January 20, 2008 [EBook #24366] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVILS OF TOBACCO *** + + + + +Produced by David Garcia, Joe Longo and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Kentuckiana Digital Library) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class="frontpageborder"> + +<table width="450" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> + <col style="width:0%;" /> <col style="width:100%;" /> + <tr> + <td align="left"><img height="770" width="1" src="images/pixel.gif" alt="" /></td> + <td align="center"> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 100%; margin-top: 2.5em;">A</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 165%;letter-spacing: 0.2em;">DISQUISITION</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 60%">ON THE</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 200%">EVILS OF USING TOBACCO,</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 85%">AND THE NECESSITY OF</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 48px;font-size: 110%">IMMEDIATE AND ENTIRE REFORMATION.</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 48px;font-size: 100%">By <span class="smcap">Rev.</span> ORIN FOWLER A. M.</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 48px;font-size: 65%;font-weight: 600">THIRD EDITION.</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="font-size: 100%">BOSTON:</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="font-size: 65%;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: 0.1em;">PUBLISHED BY GEO. GREGORY.</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="font-size: 60%">For sale by <span class="smcap">D. S. King</span>, No. 1 Cornhill; <span class="smcap">Jordan & Co.</span> 121<br /> +Washington Street. <span class="smcap">New York: John S. Taylor</span>,<br /> +145 Nassau Street. <span class="smcap">Providence: Wm.</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Aplin</span>, 65 South Main St.<br /> +1842.</p> +</td> + </tr> +</table> + + +</div> + +<table width="450" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="Title page 2" border="0"> + <col style="width:80%;" /> + <tr> + <td align="center"> +<br /><br /> +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 100%; margin-top: 36px;">A</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 165%;letter-spacing: 0.2em;">DISQUISITION</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 60%">ON THE</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 200%">EVILS OF USING TOBACCO,</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 75%">AND THE NECESSITY OF</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 100%">IMMEDIATE AND ENTIRE REFORMATION.</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 70%">Delivered before the Fall River Lyceum, and before the Congregation to whom +the Author statedly ministers</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="font-size: 118%">BY ORIN FOWLER A. M.,</p> +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 70%"> +PASTOR OF THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN FALL RIVER, MASS.</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 65%;font-weight: 600"><i>Third Edition.</i></p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="font-size: 75%">BOSTON:</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="font-size: 65%;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: 0.1em;">PUBLISHED BY GEO. GREGORY.</p> + +<p class="titleblock" +style="word-spacing: 0.2em;font-size: 68%">For sale by <span class="smcap">D. S. King</span>, No. 1. Cornhill; <span class="smcap">Jordan &. Co.</span> 121<br /> +Washington Street. <span class="smcap">New York: John S. Taylor</span>,<br /> +145 Nassau Street. <span class="smcap">Providence: Wm.</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Aplin</span>, 65 South Main St.<br /><br /> +1842. +</p> +</td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p class="center" style="margin-bottom:5em;margin-top:5em;"> +Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1842, by <span class="smcap">Orin<br /> +Fowler</span>, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.<br /> +</p> + +<hr class="major" /> +<h2>INTRODUCTORY REMARKS,</h2> + +<p class="center">BY THE PUBLISHER.</p> + +<p>Among the evils which a vitiated appetite has fastened upon mankind, +those that arise from the use of Tobacco hold a prominent place, +and call loudly for reform. We pity the poor Chinese, who stupifies +body and mind with opium, and the wretched Hindoo, who is under +a similar slavery to his favorite plant, the Betel; but <i>we</i> present the +humiliating spectacle of an enlightened and christian nation, wasting +annually more than twenty-five millions of dollars, and destroying the +health and the lives of thousands, by a practice not at all less degrading +than that of the Chinese or Hindoo.</p> + +<p>Whether, then, we consider the folly and indecency of the habit, +or the waste of property, health and life which it occasions, it is time +for the Patriot, the Philanthropist and the Christian, to put forth united, +vigorous and systematic efforts to banish this injurious and disgusting +habit from the community.</p> + +<p>It is a fact, that one reform not only prepares the way for another, +but often so depends upon it, that the complete triumph of the one cannot +be effected without that of the other. Such appears to be the relationship +existing between the use of intoxicating drinks and that of +the stimulating narcotic, tobacco. The use of tobacco almost always +accompanies the use of alcoholic drinks, and it may be feared that +total abstinence from the latter will not be <i>permanent</i>, unless there +is also a total abstinence from the former. Our temperance brethren, +particularly our worthy Washingtonians, will do well to bear +this in mind.</p> + +<p>The tobacco reform, being similar to that of temperance, must be +brought about by similar means. Information must be diffused, the +evils of the practice exposed, and the attention of the public aroused +to the subject. To aid in this, is the object of the following pamphlet, +two editions of which have already been put in circulation, and it is +said to have been re-published in England. The favorable reception +of the former editions, as shown by the repeated editorial remarks, +and the numerous letters of thanks addressed to the author, affords +much encouragement for a vigorous prosecution of the enterprise. +Three members of the church of which the author is pastor, placed +at his disposal a sum sufficient to supply, gratuitously, each of the +1000 Beneficiaries of the American Education Society, with a copy +of the essay. Orders were furnished for bundles for distribution. +An individual in Maine ordered 500 copies, and 1000 were ordered +by E. C. Delevan, of New York, the distinguished advocate of Temperance.</p> + +<p>Let the friends of true reform remember the early days of the temperance +cause, and take courage. All interested should exert themselves. +Clergymen can do much by lecturing and other means. +Churches should form Anti-Tobacco Societies, circulate information<!-- Page 4 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> +and induce as many as possible to take a stand against the evil, by +enrolling their names on a <i>Pledge</i>.</p> + +<p>Teachers should speak on the subject, and endeavor to prevent +the formation of so vile and tyranical a habit, by those under their +influence; for it is a fact that lads in many of our public schools try +to hasten their claims to <i>manliness</i>, by learning to chew, smoke or +snuff. This being the case, we may expect, of course, to find these +practices prevalent in our academies and colleges, our medical and +our law schools and theological seminaries.</p> + +<p>In the early records of Harvard University, says Dr. Mussey, is +a regulation ordering that "no scholar shall take tobacco unless permitted +by the President, with the consent of his parents, on good +reason first given by a physician, and then only in a sober and private +manner." How different now! Probably one half, at least, +of the students of our colleges are, not in a "sober and private +manner," but publicly addicted to this slovenly and disgusting practice.</p> + +<p>As the use of tobacco is injurious to health, it is the duty of physicians +to exert their influence against it. Their authority upon such +subjects is generally respected, and is therefore very important.</p> + +<p>To the ladies, it would hardly seem necessary to say a word, in order +to secure their aid in a reform that so intimately concerns themselves. +In this matter, as in the vice of intemperance, woman, +though comparatively innocent, is by far the greatest sufferer. With +what a melancholy prospect does a young lady marry a man who +uses the filthy plant in any form. He may <i>at first</i> do it in a neat, +or even a genteel manner, and neutralize the sickening odor by the +most grateful perfumes; but this trouble will soon be dispensed with, +and in all probability he will, at no distant day, become a sloven, +with his garments saturated with smoke, and himself steeped in tobacco +juice. Alas, to think of being annoyed a life-time by the +nauseous odor of the vile tobacco worm, and of wasting patience +and strength in vain endeavors to preserve neatness in his slimy trail! +Little can be accomplished in this, or any other reform, without the +aid of females. Let them take hold of the subject, and exert their +legimate influence, and public opinion will soon be corrected; young +men and old too, will soon learn that by no rule in the code of politeness +and good breeding, can the use of tobacco be tolerated.</p> + +<p>A word to dealers. How can a man who regards the morals, the +happiness and the prosperity of his neighborhood and his country, +deal out so useless, so filthy, and so injurious an article as tobacco? +Many will of course, excuse themselves by saying as the rum-sellers +once did, "If I don't sell it, others will," This plea did not justify +the rum-seller, neither will it, the dealer in tobacco. Others will +say, "I <i>must</i> sell it, or I shall offend my patrons and lose their custom." +But this is not valid even as a selfish argument. A large +and increasing portion of the community would be glad to patronize +traders who sell only the useful and necessary articles of life. +Let respectable traders cease to sell the article, and respectable customers +would soon cease to buy it.<!-- Page 5 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p> + +<p>The abominable filthiness of the practice of using tobacco, is a +sufficient argument to induce all decent people to wage war against +it. Stage coaches, rail cars, steamboats, public houses, courts of +justice, halls of legislation, and the temples of God, are all defiled +by the loathsome consumers of this dirty, Indian herb. For the +sake of decency, for the honor of humanity, let the land be purified +from this worse than beastly pollution!</p> + +<p>Let none be discouraged from engaging in this reform, because it +relates to a wide-spread and fashionable vice. With a moderate degree +of effort in each town and village, hundreds of thousands might +in one year's time, be induced to pledge themselves against all use +of tobacco.</p> + +<p>During the last winter I drew up the following pledge, and obtained +many signatures here and in other parts of the state.</p> + +<div class="pledge"><p class="center">ANTI-TOBACCO PLEDGE.</p> + +<p style="font-style: italic">We, the subscribers, believing that the use of <span class="smcapnorm">Tobacco</span>, in all its +forms, is injurious to health, and knowing it to be a slovenly, sluttish, +and disgusting habit, do pledge ourselves that we will not <span class="smcapnorm">smoke</span> it, +<span class="smcapnorm">chew</span> it, nor <span class="smcapnorm">snuff</span> it; and that we will use efforts to persuade those +addicted to the practice, to discontinue its use; and above all, that we +will not traffic in it, nor countenance those who do; and that we will +use our influence to banish the "vile stuff" from New England, our +country, and the world.</p></div> + +<p>A gentleman in North Bridgewater, to whom I lent a pamphlet on +this subject, said he had not read it half through, before he emptied +his pockets of tobacco, and resolved to use no more. He also +took a pledge to circulate among his neighbors.</p> + +<p>Another man who had chewed tobacco thirty-three years, abandoned +the habit and remarked that he would not return to it for fifty +dollars.</p> + +<p>Two benevolent individuals, in Providence, had two or three hundred +copies of the above pledge printed to circulate in the State of +Rhode Island. One of the principal clergymen in P. said, a member +of his church, a trader, told him that the money paid for tobacco +in the city was sufficient to support the public preaching. A +gentleman there, who has recently given up tobacco, said he would +not go back to its use for a thousand dollars, although it cost him a +great effort to refrain from it. A young man, after receiving a private +lecture from an anti-tobacco friend, committed to the flames +half a dozen cigars he had by him, and signed the pledge.</p> + +<p>I have conversed with very many addicted to the use of tobacco, +and nearly all express regret at having formed the habit.</p> + +<p>A few days since in a town not far from Providence, as I was sitting +in the stage about starting for the city, up came a reverend +gentleman, a very fine man by the way, with a big cigar about half +burned. He had too much good breeding to get into the stage with +it, and to all appearance, disliked to part with so good a friend; he<!-- Page 6 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> +accordingly stood outside and puffed away like a steamer, at the +same time keeping an eye on the driver; when all was ready, he +scrambled in, and we drove off. What an example, for a clergyman +to stand in a public street and puff a cigar like a loafer or a blackguard!</p> + +<p>Rev. Mr. C., in a village adjoining Providence relates, that a +brother clergyman called to preach for him. He was in the habit of +chewing tobacco, and Mr. C. took the opportunity to speak to him +on the subject. At first the brother remarked that there was nothing +wrong or injurious in it; but on Mr. C's pressing the matter and asking +how he could preach "righteousness, temperance" and good +habits in all things, when he was himself addicted to such a practice, +the brother frankly acknowledged that he knew he was setting a bad +example, and that tobacco was poisonous, injurious to health and +shortened life, but he excused himself by saying he <i>could not</i> give +it up, for he found it <i>impossible</i> to write a sermon or preach it with +any success, without taking tobacco. Sermons and preaching inspired +by tobacco! What better is this, than the inspiration of +brandy?</p> + +<p>Rev. Mr.——, now of Boston, formerly of a neighboring city, +is a most excessive smoker and chewer, so much so that it was a +matter of notoriety and remark among his congregation and acquaintances +of his former residence. He was a very agreeable +man in other respects, but his study, his library, and every thing +about him were so completely saturated with tobacco smoke, that +the ladies of his church rarely made him a call, and more rarely +borrowed a book from his extensive and excellent library.—Is it not +time for clergymen to reform themselves in this particular, and then +consistently to set about reforming others.</p> + +<p>I have recently learned that many <i>ladies</i> are in the habit of <i>chewing +snuff!</i> Some of them become so addicted to it as to use enormous +quantities in this way. "One of these snuff eaters," I was +told, "was accustomed to take herself by the under lip with one +hand, and with the thumb and four fingers of the other to fill in an +embankment between her lips and teeth." Shocking! Yet, what +young lady who carries a concealed snuff-box, can be sure of not +coming to this?</p> + +<p>I saw a woman who commenced with chewing snuff, and is now a +regular tobacco chewer. She said however, that she intended to give +up the habit and refrain from tobacco in all its forms.</p> + +<p>Unless something is done to check the evil, who can say that we +shall not become as bad as the inhabitants of Cuba, where, according +to Rev. Mr. Ingersoll, "not only men, but <i>women</i> and <i>children</i> +smoke, and some at a large expense." And according to Rev. Dr. +Abbot, "it was the common estimate that in Havana, there was an +average consumption of <i>ten thousand dollars worth of cigars in a +day</i>."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Boston</span>, July, 1842.<!-- Page 7 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p> + +<hr class="major" /> +<h2>RECOMMENDATIONS.</h2> + +<h4><i>From the Rochester Observer.</i></h4> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco</span>.—'A disquisition on the evils of +using tobacco, and the necessity of an immediate and entire reform,' by Rev. Orin +Fowler, of Fall River, Mass. This is a very valuable and instructive discourse. +We have for two years or more been fully convinced that the use of tobacco, in its +three common forms, ought immediately to be abandoned; but never were we so +fully sensible of the alarming extent and tremendous ravages of this evil, as when +we had read this production. We think no <i>christian</i>, who is willing to know and +do his duty, can read this pamphlet, without saying on the spot, if he uses tobacco, +(except it be judiciously prescribed by a physician.) the use of this poisonous, deleterious +weed is a <i>grievous sin</i>, and I will abandon it <i>immediately and forever</i>.</p> + +<p>Mr. F. lays down the position that it is the duty of every man and woman to abstain +immediately, entirely and forever, from all use of tobacco, whether by chewing, +smoking or snuffing, except it be as a medicine.</p> + +<p>In favor of this point he offers the following arguments, which we think he has +fully sustained, by well attested facts, quotations from approved authors, and the +deductions of sound reasoning.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> + +<p>1. The history of this loathsome weed. It has ever since its discovery been +considered exceedingly injurious, and its general use opposed by judicious men.</p> + +<p>2. Its ruinous effect upon the health and constitution of men.</p> + +<p>3. Its ruinous effects upon the intellect.</p> + +<p>4. Its ruinous effects upon public and private morals.</p> + +<p>5. The amazing waste of property which its use involves.</p> + +<p>6. The mortality which its use occasions.</p> + +<p>7. The apologies made by the lovers of tobacco.</p> + +<p>8. The eternal ruin which tobacco occasions.</p> + +</div> + +<p>We intend in our next to give extracts from this discourse. We hope it will +have a wide circulation, and would commend it to the careful perusal of all christians, +especially to ministers, who use this vile and ruinous plant."</p> + +<hr class="minor" /> + +<p>Edward C. Delevan, Secretary of the New York State Temperance Society, says, +in a letter just received—"The subject of your Essay is one of immense importance +to the world and to the temperance cause. The use of this vile weed has +been the medium of forming the appetite for strong drink, and ultimately destroying +thousands of the most promising youth of our country. You will hardly ever +meet with an intemperate person without finding him addicted to the use of tobacco. +The public only want light on this important subject, to act. Your able and +convincing Disquisition will be the means of doing much good. I hope funds will +be provided to furnish a copy to each clergyman in the United States. Send me +one thousand copies of the second edition, as soon as it is from the press."</p> + +<hr class="minor" /> + +<p class="nobot">"<span class="smcap">Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco</span>.—We are anxious to see this work +extensively circulated, for we are confident that it will do good. The pamphlet +contains much valuable information, and will be found well worth an attentive and +frequent perusal."</p> +<p class="rightsig"><i>The Unionist</i>, Brooklyn, Conn.</p> + +<hr class="minor" /> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco</span>.—The subject of which this pamphlet +treats is one which, we are persuaded, has received too small a share of attention +from those who are laboring to free our land, utterly and forever, from the +thraldom of intemperance. From our own observation, limited as it has been, we +are persuaded that the victims of intemperance in the use of this poisonous weed +are by no means inconsiderable in number. Probably Mr. Fowler is correct when<!-- Page 8 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> +he estimates the mortality occasioned by the use of tobacco in its various forms, at +five thousand annually. For ourself we are convinced that the suppression of intemperance +in spirituous liquors will never be effected while the agents and advocates +of our Temperance Societies, lecture with a pinch of snuff in their fingers and +a huge tobacco quid in their mouths. Tobacco slays its thousands, and doubtless +one tenth of the drunkards in our land have become so by first indulging in the +use of the dirty plant, and thus creating an unnatural thirst that called for liquid fire +to quench it.</p> + +<p class="nobot">Did our limits permit, we should be glad to give copious extracts from Mr. Fowler's +discourse."</p> +<p class="rightsig"><i>Batharia Palladium.</i></p> + +<hr class="minor" /> + +<p class="rightsig"><i>Lisbon, Feb. 3d, 1841.</i></p> +<p><span class="smcap">Mr Fowler</span>—</p> + +<p><i>Dear Sir</i>—We have in this county a monthly ministers' meeting.</p> + +<p>At the last the use of tobacco was discussed. I was appointed to write on the +subject, and derived important aid from your Disquisition on tobacco. I feel that +it is a very happy effort, and calculated to do much good, and that it is desirable +that it should have a much wider circulation.</p> + +<p>The thought occurred to me whether it might not be published by the Tract Society.</p> + +<p>This would give it the widest circulation it could have.</p> + +<p>I doubt not but you are desirous of having the greatest amount of good accomplished +by this effort, and will be ready to extend its circulation if possible.</p> + +<p>Should it become a Tract, be so good as to inform me—for I should be glad to +place it in every family in my parish.</p> + +<p class="nobot33">Fraternally yours,</p> +<p class="rightsig">JOSEPH AYER, Jr.</p> + +<hr class="minor" /> + +<p>Notice by Dr. Alcott, Editor of the Library of Health.</p> + +<p>"A disquisition on the evils of using Tobacco. By Orin Fowler, A. M. Second +Edition. This pamphlet finds favor, * * * *. While we have the kindliest feelings +towards those who chew this disgusting substance, we hold its use, in every +form, in the most unqualified contempt. We care not to whom the remark may +apply, whether he be farmer, mechanic, lawyer, doctor, minister, judge or president; +but if in the light which Mr. Fowler has shed on the subject, any man +should continue to smoke or chew tobacco, or take snuff, public opinion ought to +frown him out of the pale of all civilized society. He that will contribute in any +way to a tax upon this nation of $25,000,000 a year for such stuff, may well be set +down as a bad citizen, unless he does it in ignorance."<!-- Page 9 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p> + +<hr class="major" /> +<h2>DISQUISITION.</h2> + +<p>In this age of benevolent action, when much is being done to drive +away the darkness and delusions of many generations, and to diffuse +light and truth through the earth; it excites the liveliest joy in every +philanthropic bosom to witness the triumphant results already achieved. +Recent efforts to banish the use of intoxicating drinks, have +brought well nigh half the civilized world to a solemn pause: and the +work of reformation in this matter of spirit-drinking has gone so far, +and is yet making such sure progress, that many are rejoicing in the +lively hope that the day is nigh, even at the doors, when drunkenness, +with her burning legion of evils, will cease from the earth; and the +gospel of the grace of God will have free course and be glorified, and +the whole family of man become temperate, holy and happy. The +God of our salvation hasten that day apace; that our eyes may see it, +and rejoice and be glad in it, before we go to the grave.</p> + +<p>But ere that day shall fully come, there is much land to be possessed. +Many a battle must yet be fought,—many a victory must +yet be won. Much light must yet be poured forth,—much darkness +must yet be driven away. The world is not yet half reformed. The +majority in the best portions of the earth—in this country even—are +on the side of free indulgence in every thing that pleases the appetite.</p> + +<p>Intemperance in the use of intoxicating drinks,—and intemperance +in the use of <i>tobacco</i>, in the several forms of <i>smoking</i>, <i>snuffing</i> and +<i>chewing</i>; together with several other evils, which I need not here +specify, are even now predominant.</p> + +<p>By intemperance in the use of tobacco, I mean all use of this drug +except that which is under the direction of enlightened, judicious +medical advice. With this exception, <i>entire abstinence</i> from this narcotic +substance constitutes the only safe and genuine temperance.—This +principle has been adopted extensively, in its application to intoxicating +drinks; but before it shall be universally adopted in that +application, it must be applied, and applied universally, to the <i>quid</i>, +and the <i>pipe</i>, and the <i>snuff-box</i>. Rum-drinking will not cease, till +tobacco-chewing, and tobacco-smoking, and snuff-taking, shall cease. +Though all who are attached to the quid, the pipe, or the snuff-box, +are not attached to the bottle; yet a vast multitude become attached +to the bottle, and this attachment is continued and increased, through +the poisonous, bewitching, and debasing influence of tobacco.</p> + +<p>Moreover, the use of tobacco involves a train of evils, superadded +to its influence in perpetuating drunkenness, which cries aloud for +immediate and universal reformation. It is my present purpose to<!-- Page 10 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> +consider these evils. And I wish to premise that, in this consideration, +I shall urge; that it is the duty of every friend of humanity—of +every lover of his country—of every Christian—and of every minister +of Christ, to <i>abstain</i>, himself, <i>immediately</i>, and <i>forever</i>, from <i>all</i> +use of tobacco, whether by <i>chewing</i>, <i>smoking</i>, or <i>snuffing</i>, except it be +<i>medicinally</i>; and to use the whole weight of his influence and example +to persuade others—and especially the young men and maidens +of this nation—to practice entire abstinence.</p> + +<p>I am fully aware that the topic which I have selected, the position +which I lay down, and the purpose at which I aim, are not popular. +But what then? Did Clarkson and Wilberforce abandon the cause +of the enslaved African, when they found that abolition was unpopular +in the British Senate? Did Columbus abandon his purpose +of attempting to discover a new world, when he perceived that the +noble project of his noble soul was unpopular, with princes and people, +learned and ignorant? Did Jesus Christ abandon his purpose +to redeem a world lying in wickedness, when it became manifest that +his doctrines, and the pure benevolence of his holy soul, were unpopular. +And has it ever been <i>seemly</i> for one of his true and faithful +disciples to abandon the cause of human happiness, and the soul's +everlasting salvation, because the work of saving mercy is unpopular?</p> + +<p>The theme of our present consideration, is doubtless unpopular.—But +we <i>should</i> not, we <i>will</i> not, therefore abandon the purpose of exposing +the evils of smoking, and chewing, and snuffing, that dirty +weed, which is so hostile to animal life, and so offensive to every creature +on earth, that no living being but man—and a loathsome worm, +called the tobacco-worm—will taste, or touch, or handle it.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p> + + +<p>Though it be unpopular to expose the evils of using tobacco; these +evils are so appalling, it will not do to slumber over them longer.—We +must look at them; we must lay them open—we must raise our +voice against them; (we would gladly raise it so high that it should +reach every family in the nation.) Yes, we must cry aloud and +spare not; or give up our claim to patriotism, and benevolence.</p> + +<p>In approaching this subject, I am not unmindful of the pertinacity +with which men adhere to old habits. Dr. Rush speaks of a venerable +clergyman who closed a long sermon, in which he had controverted +what he supposed an heretical opinion, with these words: "I +tell you—I tell you, my brethren, I tell you again, that an <i>old error</i> +is better than a <i>new truth</i>." There are few who will assent to +this proposition in plain terms; but there are thousands upon thousands, +who act up to the very letter of it, constantly.—The history of +man is extensively a history of folly, delusion, and sin.</p> + +<p>No error has been so absurd as not to find advocates—no habit has +been so foolish, or so deadly, as not to find martyrs. But of all the +delusions, which have prevailed among civilized men, there have been +few—perhaps none, but that of intoxication—so disgusting, so inex<!-- Page 11 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>cusable, +so destructive to health, and wealth, and life, as the habit +which we now ask you to consider.</p> + +<p>It will be borne in mind that my position is this; it is the bounden +duty of every man and every woman to <i>abstain</i>, <i>immediately</i>, and +<i>forever</i>, from <i>all use</i> of tobacco, whether by <i>chewing</i>, <i>smoking</i>, or +<i>snuffing</i> except it be as a medicine. <span class="posit">This position I maintain,</span></p> + +<p><span class="posit">I. From a consideration of the <i>history</i> of this loathsome weed.—</span>The +tobacco plant is a native of America. It was unknown in Europe +until some time after the discovery of America, by Columbus. It was +first carried to Europe by Sir Francis Drake, about the year 1560, +less than three hundred years ago. The natives of this continent +called it <i>petun</i>; the natives of the islands called it <i>yoli</i>. The +Spaniards gave it the name of <i>tobacco</i>, from <i>Tobaco</i>, a province of +Yucatan in Mexico, where they first found it, and first learned its +use. Its botanic name is <i>Nicotiana</i>, which it received from John +Nicot, then Ambassador from Francis II. to Portugal, who brought +it from Lisbon, and presented some of it to the Queen Catharine de +Medicis, and to the Grand Prior of the house of Lorraine; whence +it was sometimes called the Queen's herb, and the Grand Prior's herb.</p> + +<p>The practice of smoking it in England, was introduced by Sir +Walter Raleigh, about the year 1584.</p> + +<p>The cultivation of it is not uncommon in various parts of the globe; +but the seat of its most extensive culture is Virginia and Maryland, +in this country. In England its cultivation was forbidden—and we +believe is still forbidden—on penalty of forfeiting forty shillings for +every rod of ground planted with it.</p> + +<p>James I. wrote a treatise against the use of it, which he called his +"Counterblast to Tobacco." Pope Urban VIII. issued a Bull, to excommunicate +all who used tobacco in the churches. The civil power +in Russia, Turkey, and Persia, was early arrayed against it. The +King of Denmark, who wrote a treatise against tobacco, observes +that "merchants often lay it in bog-houses, that, becoming impregnated +with the volatile salts of the excrements, it may be rendered +brisker, stronger, and more fÅ“tid." It is said to be a fact, that in +manufacturing tobacco, it is frequently sprinkled with stale urine.</p> + +<p>The use of tobacco never was general in Europe; and within the +last fifty or one hundred years, it has been banished from all the polite +circles of that part of the world. John Adams, the former President +of the United States, speaking of his own use of tobacco, and +referring to his residence in Europe, says: "Twice I gave up the +use of it; once when Minister at the Court of Hague; and afterwards +when Minister at the Court of London; for <i>no such offensive +practice is seen there</i>."</p> + +<p>But although the cultivation of tobacco has been forbidden in many +countries of Europe; and though the manufacture of it is frequently +attended with circumstances so disgusting and offensive, that the +modesty of this paper will not permit me to detail them,—and though +the use of it is abandoned by all the respectable and polished circles +of Europe; yet in this nation, and among the lower orders abroad,<!-- Page 12 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> +tobacco has triumphed: and the only hope of expelling it from our +land, lies in enlisting against it the power of enlightened public opinion—a +mightier power than any eastern despot wields.</p> + +<p>Now from this brief sketch of the history of tobacco, it appears that +it was unknown to all the civilized world, till within three hundred +years; and that even now, all the polished and enlightened portion +of community abroad—and we add, a very respectable portion at +home—have no fellowship with the filthy weed. And can any man +justify himself in the daily use of a disgusting plant, against the +practice, opinion, and remonstrances of so large a portion of the civilized +world? Can he be discharging the obligations of his duty, and +enjoying the full amount of his privilege, while he suffers himself to +be a bond-slave to his quid, his pipe, or his snuff-box? Either an +important article of the vegetable kingdom, lay hid from the civilized +world nearly six thousand years; or since its discovery, the lovers of +tobacco have formed an entirely erroneous opinion of its properties. +In the sequel, I trust it will appear, that so far from possessing <i>valuable</i> +properties, it is one of the most <i>noxious</i> weeds that grows; that, +as an article of medicine, it possesses scarcely a redeeming quality; +and that, though it was not made in vain, if the world had remained +ignorant of it six thousand years longer, no cause of regret would +have been occasioned.</p> + +<p class="posit">I maintain the position I have laid down,</p> + +<p class="posit">II. From a consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon +the <i>health</i> and <i>constitution</i> of men.</p> + +<p>In considering this point, let us examine the <i>properties</i> of this weed,—the +prominent diseases which the use of it induces,—and the <i>experiences</i> +of unprejudiced observers. The properties of tobacco are decidedly +<i>poisonous</i>. In proof of this assertion, I appeal to ample and +unquestionable authority.</p> + +<p>Professor Hitchcock says, "I group <i>alcohol</i>, <i>opium</i> and <i>tobacco</i> together, +as alike to be rejected; because they agree in being <i>poisonous</i> +in their natures." "In popular language," says he, "alcohol +is classed among the stimulants, and opium and tobacco among the +narcotics, whose ultimate effect upon the animal system is to produce +stupor and insensibility." He says, "Most of the powerful vegetable +poisons, such as hen-bane, hemlock, thorn-apple, prussic acid, deadly +night-shade, fox-glove and poison sumach, have an effect on the +animal system scarcely to be distinguished from that of opium and +<i>tobacco</i>. They impair the organs of digestion, and may bring on fatuity, +palsy, delirium, or apoplexy," He says, "In those not accustomed +to it, <i>tobacco</i> excites nausea, vomiting, dizziness, indigestion, +mental dejection, and in short, the whole train of <i>nervous</i> complaints."</p> + +<p>Dr. Rees, in his Cyclopedia, says; "A drop or two of the chemical +oil of tobacco, being put upon the tongue of a cat, produces violent +convulsions, and death itself in the space of a minute."</p> + +<p>Dr. Hossack classes <i>tobacco</i> with opium, ether, mercury, and other +articles of the materia medica. He calls tobacco a "<i>fashionable +poison</i>," in the various forms in which that narcotic is employed.<!-- Page 13 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span>— +He says, "The great increase of dyspepsia; the late alarming frequency +of apoplexy, palsy, epilepsy, and other diseases of the nervous +system; is attributable, in part, to the use of tobacco."</p> + +<p>Dr. Waterhouse says that Linnæus, in his natural arrangement, has +placed tobacco in the class <i>Luridæ</i>—which signifies, pale, ghastly, +livid, dismal and fatal. "To the same ominous class," he adds, +"belong fox-glove, hen-bane, deadly night-shade, lobelia, and another +poisonous plant, bearing the tremendous name Atropa, one of the +furies." He says, "When tobacco is taken into the stomach for +the first time, it creates nausea and extreme disgust. If swallowed, +it excites violent convulsions of the stomach and of the bowels to eject +the poison either upward or downward. If it be not very speedily +and entirety ejected, it produces great anxiety, vertigo, faintness, and +prostration of all the senses; and, in some instances, death has followed." +The oil of this plant, he adds, is one of the strongest vegetable +poisons, insomuch that we know of no animal that can resist its +mortal effects. Moreover, says Dr. Waterhouse, after a long and +honorable course of practice, "I never observed so many pallid faces, +and so many marks of declining health; nor ever knew so many +hectical habits, and consumptive affections, as of late years; and I +trace this alarming inroad on young constitutions, <i>principally</i> to the +pernicious custom of smoking cigars."</p> + +<p>Professor Graham says "Tobacco is one of the most <i>powerful</i> and +<i>deadly poisons</i> in the vegetable kingdom." "Its effects on the living +tissues of the animal system," he adds, "are always to destroy life; +as the experiments made on pigeons, cats, and other animals abundantly +prove."</p> + +<p>The Editors of the Journal of Health say, "Tobacco is in fact an +absolute poison. A very moderate quantity introduced into the system, +even applying the moistened leaves to the stomach, has been +known very suddenly to extinguish life. In whatever form it may be +employed, a portion of the active principles of tobacco, mixed with +the saliva, invariably finds its way to the stomach, and disturbs or +impairs the functions of that organ. Hence most, if not all, who +are accustomed to the use of tobacco, labor under dyspeptic symptoms. +Our advice is to desist immediately and entirely from the use +of tobacco in every form, and in any quantity, however small. A +reform, to be efficacious, must be entire and complete."</p> + +<p>Dr. Warren says, "The common belief that tobacco is beneficial +to the teeth, is entirely erroneous; on the contrary, by its poisonous +and relaxing qualities, it is positively injurious." Says another +physician, "Though snuff has been prescribed for the head-ache, +catarrh, and some species of opthalmia, and sometimes with good +effect; yet in all cases where its use is <i>continued</i>, it not only fails of +its medical effect, but commits great ravages on the whole nervous +system, superinducing hypochondria, tremors, a thickening of the +voice, and premature decay of all the intellectual powers."</p> + +<p>As a diuretic, Dr. Fowler, and others, have found it in some +cases to be valuable. Its narcotic properties have sometimes as<!-- Page 14 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>suaged +the tooth-ache; but it always hastens the destruction of the +teeth. But of all substances in pharmacy, there seems to be a general +agreement among medical writers, that tobacco, though occasionally +beneficial, is the most unmanageable, and used with the least +confidence.</p> + +<p>A multitude of cases, confirming these views, have actually occurred; +two or three of which I will cite. A clergyman, who commenced +the use of tobacco in youth, says, "that no very injurious +consequences were experienced till he entered the ministry, when +his system began to feel its dreadful effects. His voice, his appetite, +and his strength failed; and he was sorely afflicted with sickness +at the stomach, indigestion, emaciation, melancholy, and a prostration +of the whole nervous system. All this," says he, "I attribute +to the pernicious habit of smoking and chewing tobacco." At +length he abandoned the quid and the pipe. His voice, appetite, +and strength were soon restored; all aches subsided, and in a little +time general health was enjoyed.</p> + +<p>Another clergyman writes, "I thank God, and I thank you, for +your advice to abandon smoking; my strength has doubled since I +relinquished this abominable practice."</p> + +<p>A respectable gentleman in middle life, who commenced chewing +tobacco at the age of eighteen, was long afflicted with depression +of spirits, great emaciation, and the usual dyspeptic symptoms.—All +attempts to relieve him were fruitless, till he was persuaded to +dispense with his quid. Immediately his spirits revived, and he soon +regained his health.<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></p> + +<p>Cases of reform and cure are occurring by thousands, every year, +all over the land. Let every lover of tobacco, who is afflicted with +<i>dyspepsia</i>, and nervous maladies, <i>reform</i>, immediately and entirely; +and let him adopt a simple and rational system of diet, regimen, +and employment; and in nine cases out of ten, he may hope to enjoy +good health, and live long to bless the world.</p> + +<p>The conclusion from all this evidence is established, that tobacco +<i>is</i> an <i>active poison</i>; that its constant use induces the most distressing +and fatal diseases; and that, as a medicine, it is rarely needful, +and never used, even <i>medicinally</i>, with entire confidence. This +loathsome weed, then, should not be used, even <i>medicinally</i>, except in +extreme cases, and then in the hands of a skillful physician. For every +man—and especially for every boy, who has hardly entered +his teens—to take this poison into his own hands, and determine +for himself how much he will use, is as preposterous, as if he were +to take upon himself to deal out arsenic, corrosive sublimate, or calomel.</p> + +<p>No man can devote himself to the pipe, the quid, or the snuff-box, +without certain injury to his health and constitution. He may not<!-- Page 15 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> +perceive the injury at once, on account of immediate exhilaration; +but complicated chronic complaints will creep upon him apace, making +life a burden, and issuing in premature dissolution. And just so +certain as it is our duty to do no murder,—to use all lawful means +to preserve our lives, and the lives of others; as certain is it our duty +and our privilege to practice <i>entire abstinence</i> from the use of tobacco.</p> + +<p class="posit">I maintain the position I have laid down,</p> + +<p class="posit">III. From the consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon +the <i>intellect</i>.</p> + +<p>Here, again, let Professor Hitchcock speak. Says he, "Intoxicating +drinks, opium and tobacco, exert a pernicious influence upon +the intellect. They tend directly to debilitate the organs; and we +cannot take a more effectual course to cloud the understanding, +weaken the memory, unfix the attention, and confuse all the mental +operations, than by thus entailing upon ourselves the whole hateful +train of nervous maladies. These can bow down to the earth an intellect +of giant strength, and make it grind in bondage, like Sampson +shorn of his locks and deprived of his vision. The use of tobacco +may seem to soothe the feelings, and quicken the operations of the +mind; but to what purpose is it that the machine is furiously running +and buzzing after the balance wheel is taken off?"</p> + +<p>The late Gov. Sullivan, speaking of the use of tobacco, says, "It +has never failed to render me dull and heavy, to interrupt my usual +alertness of thought, and to weaken the powers of my mind in analyzing +subjects and defining ideas."</p> + +<p>The actual loss of <i>intellectual</i> power, which tobacco has hitherto +occasioned, and is still causing, in this Christian nation, is immense. +How immense, it is impossible accurately to calculate. Many a man +who might have been a giant, has not risen above mediocrity; and +many a man who might have been respectable and useful, has sunk +into obscurity, and buried his talents in the earth. This is a consideration +of deepest interest to every philanthropist, patriot, and +Christian in the land, and especially to all our youth. We live at +a time, and under circumstances, which call for the exertion of all +our intellectual strength, cultivated, improved and sanctified, to the +highest measure of possibility. Error, ignorance, and sin, must be +met and vanquished; they must be met and vanquished by light and +love. The eye of angels is upon us,—the eye of God is upon us,—and +shall we fetter, and palsy, and ruin our intellectual capabilities, +for the paltry pleasure of using one of the most poisonous, loathsome, +and destructive weeds found in the whole vegetable kingdom? Let +us rather shake off this abominable practice, and rise, as individuals +and as a nation, in all our intellectual potency,—and let us go forth +from day to day, to the noble purposes of our destiny, untrammelled +by the quid, or the pipe, or the snuff-box; and before another generation +shall lie down in the grave, our efforts and our example may +cause the light of human science, and the light of civil and religious +liberty, and the light of Bible truth, to blaze through all our valleys,<!-- Page 16 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> +and over all our hills, from Greenland to Cape Horn,—and with a +lustre that shall illumine the world.</p> + +<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p> + +<p class="posit">IV. From a consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon +public and private <i>morals</i>.</p> + +<p>The ruinous effects of tobacco upon public and private morals, are +seen in the idle, sauntering habits, which the use of it engenders,—in +the benumbing, grovelling, stupid sensations which it induces,—but +especially in perpetuating and extending the practice of using intoxicating +drinks.</p> + +<p>Governor Sullivan has truly said, "that the tobacco pipe excites a +demand for an extraordinary quantity of some beverage to supply the +waste of glandular secretion, in proportion to the expense of saliva; +and ardent spirits are the common substitutes; and the smoker is often +reduced to a state of dram drinking, and finishes his life as a sot."</p> + +<p>Dr. Agnew has truly said, that "the use of the pipe leads to the +immoderate use of ardent spirits."</p> + +<p>Dr. Rush has truly said, "that smoking and chewing tobacco, by +rendering water and other simple liquors insipid to the taste, dispose +very much to the stronger stimulus of ardent spirits; hence [says he] +the practice of smoking cigars, has been followed by the use of brandy +and water as common drink."</p> + +<p>A writer in the Genius of Temperance, says that his practice of +smoking and chewing the filthy weed, "produced a continual thirst +for stimulating drinks; and this tormenting thirst [says he] led me +into the habit of drinking ale, porter, brandy, and other kinds of spirit, +even to the extent, at times, of partial intoxication." He adds, +"I reformed; and after I had subdued this appetite for tobacco, I +lost all desire for stimulating drinks."</p> + +<p>Now the fact that some chew, and smoke, and snuff without becoming +sots, proves nothing against the general principle, that it is +the natural tendency of using tobacco to promote intoxication. Probably +<i>one tenth</i>, at least, of all the drunkards annually made in the nation, +and throughout the world, are made drunkards through the use +of tobacco. If thirty thousand drunkards are made annually in the +United States, three thousand must be charged to the use of tobacco. +If thirty thousand drunkards die annually, in the United States, three +thousand of these deaths must be charged to the use of tobacco. If +twenty thousand criminals are sentenced to our penitentiaries in +twenty years, through the influence of strong drink, two thousand +must be charged to the use of tobacco. If fifty-six millions of gallons +of ardent spirits have been annually consumed in this country, +five and a half millions must be charged to the use of tobacco. And +of all the Sabbath-breaking, profanity, quarrelling, and crime of every +description, caused by the use of intoxicating drink; a tithe must +be charged to the use of tobacco. And what friend of good morals,—what +friend of man,—what friend of his country,—what friend of +Christ and true religion,—and especially, what friend of the temperance +cause,—can look at these results with the eye of candor and<!-- Page 17 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> +compassion for his fellow-men, and then not deliberately resolve that +he will never chew another quid, nor smoke another whiff, nor snuff +another pinch of the dirty weed?</p> + +<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p> + +<p><span class="posit">V. From a consideration of the amazing <i>waste of property</i>, which +the use of tobacco involves.</span> On this point I have been unable to obtain +the means for making out a perfectly accurate statistical result. +I can only approximate a definite calculation. This approximation, +however, will serve all the purposes of this argument.</p> + +<p>We will examine <i>three items</i>: the <i>cost</i> of the article,—the <i>time</i> wasted +by the use of it,—and the <i>pauperism</i> it occasions. From a statement +lately furnished me from the Treasury department of our National +Government, exhibiting the quantity and value of cigars and +snuff, exported from and imported into the United States, annually, +from 1st October, 1820 to 30th September, 1832, it appears that the +value of cigars imported into the United States in 1821, was $113,601. +In 1827 it was $174,931. In 1832 it was $473,134; while +from the same document it appears that the value of cigars exported, +in each of those years, was about one quarter the value of imports.</p> + +<p>Hence it appears that, in 1832, about half a million of dollars were +paid for imported cigars; while in 1821, only $113,601 were paid; +being more than a four-fold increase in eleven years. Whether +there has been a corresponding increase in the value of domestic cigars +consumed, I have no means of determining. From the fact of +so prodigious an increase of imported cigars, I am led to fear that +the evil of cigar smoking has increased in this country within ten +years, far more rapidly than the increase of population. From this +treasury document, it appears also, that in 1824, the value of unmanufactured +tobacco exported from the United States, was</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" width="96%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="export value 1824"> + <col style="width:82.5%;" /><col style="width:17.5%;" /> +<tbody valign="top"> + <tr> + <td class="lj"> </td> + <td class="rj">$4,855,566</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="lj">Of manufactured tobacco, the value was</td> + <td class="rj">2,477,990</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="lj">Of snuff,</td> + <td class="rj">203,789</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="ljt">Making a total of</td> + <td class="rjtb">$7,537,345</td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> +</div> + +<p class="nobot">In 1832, the value of unmanufactured tobacco exported, was</p> +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" width="96%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="export value 1832"> + <col style="width:82.5%;" /><col style="width:17.5%;" /> +<tbody valign="top"> + <tr> + <td class="lj"> </td> + <td class="rj">$5,999,769</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="lj">Of manufactured tobacco,</td> + <td class="rj">3,456,071</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="lj">Of snuff,</td> + <td class="rj">295,771</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="ljt">Making a total of</td> + <td class="rjtb">$9,751,611</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="lj">for 1832, and an increase from the year 1824, of</td> + <td class="rj">$2,214,266</td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> +</div> + +<p>Whether the quantity consumed in this country equals the quantity +exported, or exceeds that quantity, I have no data enabling me to +give a definite answer. But from the fact that large quantities of tobacco +are raised in various other parts of the world, for foreign consumption; +and from the fact that the people of this country are, +above all other people under the sun, a chewing, smoking, snuffing +people; I have very little doubt that the amount used in this country<!-- Page 18 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> +is double that exported. If so, the sum total paid annually, for this +vile weed, in this christian country, is $19,503,222. But as I wish in +this examination, to put the estimate <i>below</i> rather than <i>above</i> the truth, +I will set down the value of tobacco, cigars, and snuff, consumed annually +in this nation, as equal to the amount exported; that is, in +round numbers, $10,000,000.</p> + +<p>That this is a very <i>low</i> estimate, will appear by another conclusive +calculation.</p> + +<p>According to the census of 1830, the population of the U. States, +over twenty years of age, is about six millions. Suppose one in four +of our adult population, use tobacco in some form; (and this is a +very moderate supposition,) it gives one million, five hundred thousand: +and suppose one in twelve of those who have not reached the +age of twenty, use it; it gives five hundred thousand more: making +a total of two millions—or one sixth of our population—who use tobacco +in some form.</p> + +<p>Now suppose the expense to the consumers of this noxious drug, +varies according to the quantity, and mode of using it. The expense +to some is two dollars a year, to some it is five, and to others +ten, twenty, and even fifty dollars a year. A laboring man, of my +acquaintance, who did not use tobacco extravagantly, and only by +chewing, told me that it cost him five dollars a year. A young lady +of my acquaintance, says her snuff costs eight dollars a year. If +a man pay three cents a day for cigars, it amounts to ten dollars, +ninety-five cents a year. If he pay six cents, it amounts to twenty-one +dollars, ninety cents a year. If he pay twelve and a half cents, +it amounts to forty-four dollars, sixty-two cents a year.</p> + +<p>It is the opinion of good judges, that very many, who smoke freely +and use Spanish cigars, pay more than fifty dollars a year for +this foolish gratification.</p> + +<p>King James, in his "Counterblast," says, "Some of the gentry +of this land, bestow three, some four hundred pounds a year, upon +this precious stink."</p> + +<p>It will certainly be a moderate calculation to put down one quarter +of the consumers at two dollars a year,—one quarter at five,—one +quarter at eight,—and one quarter at ten dollars a year. Then +the several items will stand thus:—</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" width="96%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="consumption"> + <col style="width:82.5%;" /><col style="width:17.5%;" /> +<tbody valign="top"> + <tr> + <td class="lj">Half a million at two dollars, is</td> + <td class="rj">$1,000,000</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="lj">Half a million at five dollars, is</td> + <td class="rj">2,500,000</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="lj">Half a million at eight dollars, is</td> + <td class="rj">4,000,000</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="lj">Half a million at ten dollars, is</td> + <td class="rj"> 5,000,000</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="ljtt">Total</td> + <td class="rjtb">$12,500,000.</td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> +</div> + +<p>Again: the amount of tobacco annually consumed in France, as +appears from authentic documents, is about seven millions of pounds; +which is about one pound to every four persons. The amount annually +consumed in England, as appears from authentic documents, +is about seventeen millions; which is about one pound to every man,<!-- Page 19 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> +woman and child, in that nation.<a name="FNanchor_C_3" id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> In the United States, probably +there are eight times as much used as in France, and three times as +much as in England, in proportion to our population. If so, the +quantity used in this country cannot fall short of thirty-five millions +of pounds;<a name="FNanchor_D_4" id="FNanchor_D_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a> which, at thirty cents a pound, amounts to ten and a +half millions of dollars; not including cigars and snuff, which cost +half as much more; making the total sum fifteen and three fourths +millions of dollars. And this enormous sum is doubtless <i>below</i> what +the article actually cost the consumers.</p> + +<p>From these <i>three</i> results, we believe there cannot be a doubt that +the actual expense of tobacco, in its various forms, to the consumers +in this country, may safely be set down at <i>ten millions of dollars a +year</i>.</p> + +<p>The amount of <i>time</i> lost by the consumers of tobacco, is another +item of no inconsiderable moment. Some spend two, three, and four +hours a day in this vile indulgence. To all who use the article, in +any way, it occasions the loss of more or less time. If we put down +the average amount at half an hour a day; and reckon the time thus +lost at four cents an hour, it will amount—not reckoning Sabbaths—to +six dollars, twenty-six cents a year, for each individual; which, +for the whole company of consumers, is an amount of $12,520,000.</p> + +<p>The <i>pauperism</i> which tobacco occasions, is another fearful item. +Multitudes who are scarcely able to procure the necessaries of life, +will shift, by sacrificing health and comfort, to procure the daily +<i>quantum sufficit</i> of tobacco. Many very poor families use tobacco, +in all ways. Now suppose a poor family use twenty-five cents' +worth of tobacco a week; it will amount to twelve dollars fifty cents +a year,—and in fifty years, reckoning principal and interest, it will +amount to three thousand five hundred and fifty-two dollars.</p> + +<p>Just look at this tax for snuff and tobacco, in a single aspect more. +Many think it will make <i>no</i> man the poorer, to pay six cents a day +for this indulgence. It will make <i>every</i> man the poorer. Let any +young mechanic, or farmer, or merchant, consume six and a quarter +cents' worth of this drug a day—beginning at twenty years of +age, and continuing until he is sixty years old—and the sum total, +reckoning principal and interest, will amount, in these forty years, +to three thousand five hundred and twenty-nine dollars, thirty-six +cents.</p> + +<p>If the <i>cost</i> of tobacco,—the <i>neglect of business</i> which it occasions,—the +expense of the <i>pipes</i> and the <i>boxes</i>, and the various <i>apparatus</i> +which the use of it involves,—and the <i>intoxication</i> to which it leads,—all +be reckoned up, the amount of <i>pauperism</i> which this weed +brings upon the nation, cannot be less than one quarter of the sum +total of all our pauperism. And the sum total of the pauperism in<!-- Page 20 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> +this nation, has been shown, again and again, to be not less than +twelve millions of dollars, annually. Hence the pauper tax, occasioned +by the use of tobacco, may be set down at three millions of +dollars, annually.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" width="96%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="consumption"> + <col style="width:82.5%;" /><col style="width:17.5%;" /> +<tbody valign="top"> + <tr> + <td class="lj">Here we have, then, the <i>expense</i> of tobacco,</td> + <td class="rj">$10,000,000</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="lj">The <i>time</i> lost by the use of it,</td> + <td class="rj">$12,520,000</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="lj">The <i>pauper tax</i> which it occasions,</td> + <td class="rj"> $3,000,000</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="ljtt">Total</td> + <td class="rjtb">$25,520,000</td> + </tr> +</tbody> +</table> +</div> + +<p>To this sum should be added one-tenth of the waste of property, +which strong drink occasions; inasmuch as one-tenth of the rum-drinking +must be charged to tobacco. Now, it has been estimated +that the whole cost of strong drink used annually, in this country, +amounts to one hundred and twenty-five millions of dollars; a tenth +of which is twelve and a half millions of dollars. If this tithe be added +to the above estimate, it will make the sum total thirty-eight and +a half millions. But as I intend my estimates shall be <i>moderate</i>, I +will say nothing of the waste of property which tobacco occasions in +connection with strong drink. I will put down the sum total as +above twenty-five millions of dollars.</p> + +<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars, consumed by the use of tobacco, +in this Christian nation, annually; and not a little of it by professors +of religion, and ministers of the gospel, who are required by +their Lord and Master to deny themselves,—to take up their cross,—to +let their light shine before men, that they may see their good +works, and glorify our Father in heaven. Nearly the whole of this +twenty-five millions of dollars is a <i>dead loss</i> to the nation; yes, it is +infinitely <i>worse</i> than a dead loss; it not only does no good, but it +actually goes to make fools and beggars, idlers and sots,—to purchase +dyspepsia, early graves and everlasting shame. And what would +this vast amount of property accomplish, if saved and devoted to useful +purposes.</p> + +<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars annually, if applied to the improvement +of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and to the advancement +of the arts, sciences, and true religion, would accomplish +everything for this nation, that the enlightened patriot and true +Christian can ask for.</p> + +<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, would soon furnish canals, +and rail-roads, and all other desirable facilities for intercommunication +throughout the nation. Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, +would sustain all our colleges, academies and other schools, +and all the religious and benevolent institutions of this whole country. +It would rear seminaries of learning in every State where they are +needed; and it would plant a Sabbath school, with a sufficient library +in every school district.</p> + +<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, if applied in all feasible +and suitable ways, would give freedom, with all the blessings of +Christianity to the colored race in our own country, and throughout<!-- Page 21 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> +the continent of Africa in a very few years: and would terminate +slavery and the slave-trade in every part of the world.</p> + +<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars annually, would send forth to the +nations now perishing in heathen darkness, ten thousand missionaries, +and five millions of tracts, every year, provided the men could +be found.</p> + +<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, would, in five years, furnish +all the money necessary to carry into complete execution, that +noble purpose of the American Bible Society, of giving a copy of the +Bible, within a specified time, to every accessible family on the +earth. And what friend of man is there among us,—what patriot +is there,—what Christian is there,—who can look at these truths, +and not make up his mind to abandon all use of tobacco, <i>forever</i>; +and to exert the whole weight of his influence and example to persuade +others to do the same?</p> + +<p>I am aware, indeed, that it may be said, if the whole company of +tobacco-chewers, smokers, and snuffers, should at once abandon all +use of this weed, and thus withdraw their whole patronage, this +twenty-five millions of dollars, which now gives wealth to many a +man engaged in growing, manufacturing, and vending the poison, +would be so much capital unemployed; and the means of living +would be cut off from many a family,—and bankruptcy, and wretchedness +would be the consequent portion of many an individual. This +may be true. And it may be true, too, that the like consequences +would follow the universal abandonment of intoxicating liquors. But +what then? Shall one sixth part of the nation continue to use this +poison, because, forsooth, the <i>producers</i> and <i>venders</i> of it will lose +their profits if it be abandoned? Shall the <i>intellect</i>, and <i>health</i>, and +<i>comfort</i>, and <i>wealth</i>, and <i>lives</i> of hundreds and thousands of our fellow +citizens, be sacrificed yearly; and widows and orphans be multiplied +by scores and fifties, in every section of this wide-spreading +country; and one of the prominent auxiliaries of <i>intemperance</i>,—and +consequently of <i>crime</i>, and <i>insanity</i>, and <i>eternal woe</i>—be cherished; +and twenty-five millions of dollars be <i>wasted</i>, and worse than wasted; +and all this, that the <i>producers</i> and <i>venders</i> may feed and fatten on +the gains? This objection lies equally against the temperance reform +and every other reform, where cupidity and avarice are involved.</p> + +<p>As to the producers, it is affirmed on good authority, that hemp +and corn, and other useful articles may be substituted without loss, +and even with advantage. As to the venders, their capital may all +be profitably employed upon valuable merchandise, without damage. +But if it were not so; where <i>health</i>, <i>life</i>, and <i>happiness</i> are involved, +no good man can hesitate. The path of duty is plain. We are bound +to walk in it, even though it run counter to the gains of those engaged +in unlawful commerce.</p> + +<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p> + +<p class="posit">VI. From a consideration of the <i>mortality</i> which tobacco occasions.</p> + +<p>Some of my readers may be startled at this consideration. They<!-- Page 22 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> +may not have dreamed, even, that tobacco <i>kills</i> any body. So insidious +are the effects of this poison, and so insensible have the community +been to its abominations, that very few have regarded the use of +tobacco as the cause of swelling our bills of mortality. But though +appalling, it is nevertheless true, that tobacco carries vast multitudes +to the grave, all over our country, every year. Says Dr. Salmon, +"I am confident more people have died of apoplexies, since the use +of snuff in one year, than have died of that disease in an hundred +years before; and most, if not all, whom I have observed to die, of +late of that disease, were extreme and constant snuff-takers." The +late Rev. Dr. Samuel Cooper, of Boston, by constant use of snuff, +brought on a disorder of the head, which was thought to have ended +his days. A very large quantity of hardened Scotch snuff was found, +by a <i>post mortem</i> examination, between the external nose and the +brain. The late Gov. Sullivan, speaking of Gov. Hancock, the early +President of Congress, says, "Gov. Hancock was an immoderate +chewer of tobacco; but being a well-bred man, and a perfect gentleman, +he, from a sense of decorum, refrained from spitting in company, +or in well-dressed rooms. This produced the habit of swallowing +the juice of the tobacco, the consequence of which was, his stomach +became inactive, and a natural appetite seldom returned; the +agreeable sensations of hunger could not be experienced but by the +use of stimulants, to satisfy which he swallowed more food than his +digestive powers could dispose of. This derangement in chylification +increased his gout, his stomach became paralytic, and he died at the +age of fifty-eight."</p> + +<p>Again, says Governor Sullivan, "My own brother, the active +General Sullivan, began early in life to take snuff. It injured essentially +a fine voice which he possessed as a public speaker. When +he was an officer in the American army, he carried his snuff loose +in his pocket. He said he did this because the opening of a snuff-box +in the field of review, or on the field of battle, was inconvenient. +At times he had violent pains in the head; the intervals grew shorter +and shorter, and the returns more violent, when his sufferings +ended in a stroke of palsy, which rendered him insensible to pain, +made him helpless and miserable, and lodged him in the grave before +he was fifty years of age; and I have no doubt [says the Governor,] +but all this sprung from the use of snuff." He adds, "I have known +some persons live to old age, in the extravagant use of tobacco; but +they bear a small proportion to those who, by the habit of using tobacco, +have been swept into the grave in <i>early</i> or <i>middle</i> life."</p> + +<p>Professor Silliman mentions two affecting cases of young men, +in the Institution with which he is connected, who were carried to +an early grave by tobacco. One of them, he says, entered college +with an athletic frame; but he acquired the habit of using tobacco, +and would sit and smoke by the hour together. His friends tried to +persuade him to quit the practice; but he loved his lust, and would +have it, live or die: the consequence was, he went down to the +grave, a suicide.<!-- Page 23 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p> + +<p>One of the German periodicals says, the chief German physiologists +compute, that of twenty deaths of men between eighteen and +twenty-five, ten, that is, one half, originate in the waste of the constitution +by smoking. They declare, also, with much truth, that tobacco +burns out the <i>blood</i>, the <i>teeth</i>, the <i>eyes</i>, and the <i>brain</i>.</p> + +<p>To this unequivocal testimony, which is confirmed by the observation +of every intelligent person who has turned his attention to this +matter, much more might be added; but it is unnecessary. How +large a proportion of the twenty thousand deaths—reckoning one +death to a hundred souls—which occur annually, among the two +millions of tobacco consumers in this country, are to be charged to +the use of this deadly narcotic, I am unable definitely to determine. +If we suppose one quarter of these deaths to be caused by tobacco, +it will give us the number of five thousand. Five thousand deaths +in these United States, every year from the use of tobacco! and +this is doubtless far below the actual number. Five thousand valuable +lives sacrificed in this enlightened land, annually, in the use of +a dirty plant, that no living creature, except man and the tobacco +worm, will touch, or taste, or handle. Five thousand men and women +carried to the grave, yearly, by a poisonous weed, which does +<i>no good</i>, and which, for filthiness and disgust, scarcely has its parallel +in the whole vegetable kingdom. Is there a <i>Christian</i>,—is there +a <i>patriot</i>,—is there a <i>friend</i> of humanity,—is there an <i>individual</i>, that +values his own probationary existence,—who can look at the sweeping +mortality which tobacco brings upon the nation, and longer indulge +his attachment to his quid, his pipe or his snuff-box? Is there +one who will pause and look at this matter, and not resolve that he +will, <i>forthwith</i>, <i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>, abandon a practice which does +so much to people the grave?</p> + +<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p> + +<p class="posit">VII.—From a consideration of the <i>apologies</i> of the lovers of tobacco.</p> + +<p>I call them <i>apologies</i>. They cannot be considered <i>reasons</i>. Almost +every lover of the dirty weed, feels that he needs an apology. One +will tell us he has a cold, watery stomach, and he thinks that tobacco, +by promoting expectoration, relieves the difficulty. Another +will tell us he is very much troubled with indigestion, and he thinks +tobacco relieves the difficulty; though, in truth, tobacco is the very +worst drug he could use to relieve that disease, and is among the +primordial causes of inducing it. Another will tell us that he is afflicted +with the rising of his food after eating, and he thinks tobacco +gives immediate relief; not suspecting, perhaps, that this rising of +the food is occasioned by over eating. Another will tell us he has +a distressing difficulty in the head, and brain, and he thinks a little +good Scotch snuff affords relief; as though the filling the pores, +and cavities of the head, and clogging up the brain, with this dirty +stuff, would remove a disease which in most cases it originates.</p> + +<p>Others use tobacco to preserve the teeth; and this, though it is a +solemn truth, that many a one loses his teeth by smoking and chew<!-- Page 24 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>ing +the poisonous plant. Others, again, use tobacco to excite the +mind to more vigorous intellectual effort. But when and where do +we find great lovers of tobacco great students, and intellectual giants? +Dr. Rush says, "I suspect tobacco is oftener used for the +<i>want</i> of ideas, than to excite them." There are some whose apology +for using tobacco is, that it guards them against the power of +contagious diseases. But Dr. Rees affirms that tobacco does not +contain an antidote against contagion, and that, in general, it has no +antiseptic power; and is therefore of no special use. There is +another class still, who use tobacco because it soothes the irksomeness +of life. They fear solitude; and to prevent self-examination, +and to while away their probation time, they fly to the <i>pipe</i>, <i>quid</i>, and +<i>snuff-box</i>; and soon, by an easy transition, to the wine-glass and +brandy-bottle.</p> + +<p>These are the <i>usual apologies</i> of the devotees to tobacco. And +what do they amount to? In truth, the common opinion that tobacco +is good for the head-ache,—weak eyes,—cold and watery stomachs,—the +preservation of the teeth,—and the like, is sheer delusion. +Let every man and woman, who would live long, and usefully, and +happily, awake from this delusion; and let no one, as he values +health, life, and salvation, <i>taste</i>, <i>touch</i>, or <i>handle</i>, the filthy poison.</p> + +<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p> + +<p><span class="posit">VIII, <span class="smcap">and lastly</span>.—From a consideration of the <i>eternal ruin</i> +which tobacco occasions.</span> On this point, a word or two only, will +suffice. That tobacco carries many a soul down to the pit of eternal +woe, is manifest from its connection with drunkenness, and from +its inducing disease and death. Every man who dies a drunkard, +and every man who, knowingly and recklessly, brings upon +himself disease and death through the influence of tobacco, is a +<i>suicide</i>. And drunkards and suicides cannot inherit the kingdom of +God. How many will at last, ascribe their eternal ruin to alcohol +and tobacco, cannot now be told.</p> + +<p>That it will be a great multitude, (perhaps a great multitude which +no man can number,) we have no reason to doubt.</p> + +<p>What then, I ask, <i>ought</i> to be <i>done</i>? What <i>can</i> be done? What +<i>must</i> be done? If this poisonous narcotic be of <i>recent</i> origin; if it +be ruinous to the <i>health</i> and <i>constitution</i>, and <i>intellect</i>, and <i>public</i> +and <i>private morals</i>; if it occasions an amazing <i>waste of property</i>,—and +a multitude of <i>deaths</i>,—and <i>eternal ruin</i> to many precious souls; +and if it do no good,—and there be no <i>apology</i> for using it, which +will bear examination; then <i>something ought to be done</i>, and it ought +to be done <i>immediately</i>. And, <i>only one</i> thing need be done. And +that <i>can</i> be done, and it ought to be done. It is this:—<i>tobacco can +be abandoned</i>. And if moral influence enough can be enlisted, it <i>will</i> +be abandoned.</p> + +<p>TOTAL ABSTINENCE is the only sure remedy. TOTAL +ABSTINENCE will deliver us from all the evils which this weed +has brought down upon individuals and families, and the nation.—Nothing +else will do it. And total abstinence can be adopted and<!-- Page 25 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> +practiced. True; in some cases, it may cost an <i>effort</i>; but, in every +instance, three weeks' perseverance will overcome the habit. +Three weeks' <i>total abstinence</i>, will disenthrall every victim, and give +him the prospect of <i>freedom</i>, <i>plenty</i>, <i>health</i>, and <i>happiness</i>. And +shall this effort be made? A <i>mighty</i> effort it must be, to liberate and +save this whole nation—and especially our young men and maidens—from +the curses of the <i>quid</i>, the <i>pipe</i>, and the <i>snuff-box</i>.</p> + +<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to my fellow citizens. I appeal to the <i>nation</i>, and the +<i>whole nation</i>.</span> <i>Shall</i> the effort be made?</p> + +<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to <i>patriots</i>.</span> Patriotism forbids the man who loves his +country, to shrink from any personal sacrifice, if he can thereby arrest +some great national evil. That the use of tobacco is a great national +evil, appears from the considerations which have been laid before +you. It has been shown that tobacco is weakening the physical +and mental energies of this nation,—that it is depraving our morals, +and destroying the public conscience,—and that it is causing an amazing +waste of property, and health and life. I ask every patriot to +look at this portentous evil. Every true patriot, who will examine +the length, breadth, and depth of this evil, cannot but feel that it +claims his attention. And he will enquire what efforts, what sacrifices, +can deliver us from the curses of this narcotic? The answer +to this inquiry is an <i>easy</i> answer,—the effort is an <i>easy</i> effort,—the +sacrifice is an <i>easy</i> sacrifice. Let every true patriot in our country +abstain from the poison, <i>immediately</i>, <i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>; and let +him use the whole weight of his influence and example to persuade +others—and especially the young men and maidens of this republic—to +practice entire abstinence; and the work will soon be done. +We put the question to every true patriot: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p> + +<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to <i>Christians</i>.</span> Your religion requires you to abstain +from the very appearance of evil. It requires you to deny yourselves, +to take up your cross, and to follow Christ through evil, as well +as through good report. Is there no appearance of evil, in the use +of tobacco? Can the Christian deny himself and follow Christ, with +the quid, or pipe in his mouth, or the contents of the snuff-box in +his nose? If Christ himself, were here on earth, in this age of action, +when six hundred millions of men, for whom he died, are perishing +for lack of vision—think you he would waste a single cent of +<i>property</i>, or a single moment of <i>time</i>, or a single ounce of health +and mental energy, in the habitual use of this narcotic? Would he +<i>handle</i>, <i>touch</i>, or <i>taste</i>, the poison? And will <i>you</i>, whose names are +written in his book,—<i>you</i>, who have been bought with his blood, +and sanctified through his grace, and made heirs of all the riches of +his kingdom,—<i>you</i>, whom he requires to be <i>examples</i> in all things,—will +you <i>handle</i>, or <i>touch</i> or <i>taste</i> it? Let every Christian in our +country, abstain from this poison, <i>immediately</i>, <i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>; +and let him use the whole weight of his influence and example, to +persuade others to practice <i>entire abstinence</i>; and this work of reform +will soon be done. We put the question to every true Christian:<span class="appeal"> +<i>will you do it</i>?</span><!-- Page 26 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p> + +<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to the <i>youth</i> of both sexes.</span> You are the flower and the +hope not only of this nation, but of all nations struggling for freedom. +The destinies of this republic are about being placed, under +God, in your hands; and inasmuch as all the friends of freedom, +everywhere, are looking up to our institutions for light and aid, the +destinies of the world will rest with a mightier weight of responsibility +upon your shoulders, than upon any other generation that has +come forth upon the stage of action, for twenty centuries. The importance +of sound and enlightened principles—of pure and elevated +examples, and independent and decided action in <i>you</i>, is above all +estimation. You are placed in the moral Thermopylæ of the world. +The evils arising from <i>alcohol</i> and <i>tobacco</i>, which you have it in your +power to avert from your country, are more dreadful than the invasion +of Xerxes with his millions. The cause of moral reform, in +the use of the latter of these articles, which we urge upon you with +deepest and sincerest solicitude, is far more urgent than that in which +the Bruti and the Gracchi offered up their lives. Some of you have +not yet handled or tasted the fatal drug. Let all such stand firm +henceforward, and never yield to the power of custom, temptation +and lust. Some of you, on the other hand, have permitted yourselves +to become the victims of this drug. Let all such be urged +by the voice of patriotism, religion, self-respect, reason, conscience, +and duty, to <i>abstain</i> from this poison, <i>immediately</i>, <i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>. +And then every young man, and every young woman, in the +republic, shall be free from all the calamities attending the use of +this narcotic; and love, and peace, and joy, will run through the +land, and flow over the world. We put the question to every +youth: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p> + +<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to the <i>friends of temperance</i>.</span> You have enlisted your energies +to expel intoxicating drinks from common use throughout the +world. Go on, and prosper. But, as you go, remember, that complete +success will not crown your exertions unless you are consistent,—unless +you abandon all use of tobacco, the companion and sister +of alcohol. As you go forth to the noble work you have undertaken, +you will be met at every corner, with the declaration of A. B. +and C., <i>I</i> am ready to abstain from alcohol when <i>you</i> do from tobacco; +and how effectually will this declaration shut your mouth, and +destroy your influence. Be <i>consistent</i>. Carry your principles into +<i>all</i> your evil habits, and a moral potency will be diffused through +what you say and do, that nothing can resist. We put the question +to every friend of temperance: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p> + +<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to American <i>females</i>.</span> As mothers, wives and daughters, +you have it in your power (without turning aside from your appropriate +duties) to put an end to the use of this disgusting weed. The +children and youth of this nation, to say nothing of the young men +and fathers, are almost exclusively under your control; and may be +moulded at your pleasure. You know how <i>filthy</i>, <i>disgusting</i>, <i>ruinous</i>, +is the practice against which we ask you to set your faces. Only +practice ENTIRE ABSTINENCE yourselves, and urge this +practice upon all within your reach; and in less than twenty years,<!-- Page 27 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> +this reformation will be completed. We put the question to every +mother, wife, daughter: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p> + +<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to the <i>medical</i> profession.</span> You are the guardians of the +health of the republic. You are acquainted with the deadly properties +of the drug in question. You can understand the necessity, and +appreciate the importance of reform. You know that <i>entire abstinence</i> +is urged by paramount considerations. In the work of reform +from spirit-drinking, you have acted in a manner that reflects honor +upon your profession. In the work of reform now urged upon your +notice, we calculate upon your active, hearty co-operation. If you +put your hand to this work, by <i>precept</i>, and by <i>example</i>; if you abstain +<i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>, from all use of this plant, and inculcate +entire abstinence, as you have opportunity; the work which now +bespeaks your attention will soon be done. We put the question to +every medical man: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p> + +<p><span class="appeal">Finally—I appeal to <i>ministers</i> of the Gospel.</span> You are stationed +on the watch-towers of Zion, as guardians of the public morals. +Against every abomination your great Master requires you to cry +aloud and spare not; to lift up your voice like a trumpet; to show +the people their transgressions, and the house of Jacob their sins. +He requires you to be <i>examples</i> to the flock, in all things, that, while</p> + +<p class="center" style="font-size:90%">"You allure to brighter worlds,"</p> + +<p>you "may lead the way." I ask you to look at the influence of tobacco +upon the <i>health</i>, <i>wealth</i>, <i>morals</i>, and <i>lives</i> of this republic; and +then to decide, as in the fear of God, whether the blood of souls may +not be found on your garments, if you do not <i>abstain</i> yourselves +from all common use of this drug, and warn every man around you +to do likewise.<a name="FNanchor_E_5" id="FNanchor_E_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_5" class="fnanchor">[E]</a> Suffer us to point you to Him who went about doing +good, and pleased not himself, and set a pure and perfect example in +everything; and also to that early servant of his, who would abstain +from things good and lawful, rather than prejudice the interests of +Zion. What reception would the Apostles have met, when they +went about to enlighten and reform the world, if they had carried +with them their <i>snuff-boxes</i>, <i>pipes</i>, <i>cigars</i>, and <i>pig-tail</i> tobacco? But +a word to the wise is sufficient. Let all who minister in holy things, +abstain from this poison, immediately, entirely, and forever; and +let them use the whole weight of their influence, and example, to +persuade others—and especially our youth—to practice entire abstinence; +and this good work will soon be done. We put the question +to every minister of Christ: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p> + +<div class="footnotes"> +<h4 class="footnotes">FOOTNOTES</h4> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> It has recently been affirmed that there is a dirty goat in South America which +will eat this dirty plant.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Extracts in point might here be given from numerous letters received by the +Author, since the publication of the first edition; but it is unnecessary.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> The tobacco imported and used for home consumption in Great Britain and +Ireland in 1832, amounted to 20,313,651 pounds—the duty on which was 15,300,000 +dollars.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_D_4" id="Footnote_D_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_4"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> 1,765,000 pounds of tobacco passed up the Erie Canal in seven and a half +months in 1834.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_E_5" id="Footnote_E_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_5"><span class="label">[E]</span></a> Says a distinguished correspondent—the most efficient officer of one of our benevolent +institutions, "Not long since a clergyman called on me as agent for one +of the most popular Societies for spreading the knowledge of Christ crucified +throughout the world: his breath was intolerable, and the tobacco juice had formed +a current from each corner of his mouth downward. I need not describe to +you my feelings at this exhibition."</p></div> + +</div> + +<hr class="major" /> +<h2>JUST PUBLISHED.</h2> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Facts and Important Information from distinguished Physicians +and other sources</span>." Fourth Edition. Published by Geo. +Gregory. For sale by D. S. King, 1 Cornhill, Jordan & Co., 121 +Washington St., Boston—John S. Taylor, 145 Nassau St., N. Y.—Wm. +Aplin, 65 South Main Street, Providence.</p> + +<p>Price—12 1-2 cts. single, $1 per dozen, $8 a hundred, and $7 a +hundred, by the thousand. All communications addressed, post paid, +to either of the sellers, and all orders accompanied with the cash, +will receive prompt attention.</p> + +<p>This little work relates to an important subject and it has met with +a remarkably favorable reception; as shown by the fact, that four +editions—<i>twenty thousand</i> copies in all—have been published within +ten months; and the sale is rapidly increasing.</p> + +<hr class="minor" /> +<h4>RECOMMENDATIONS.</h4> + +<p><i>The following highly valuable testimonials are from President</i> <span class="smcap">Edwards</span>, +<i>Professor</i> <span class="smcap">Stuart</span>, <i>Rev. Dr.</i> <span class="smcap">Woods</span>, <i>and Professor</i> <span class="smcap">Emerson</span>, +<i>of the Andover Theological Seminary</i>.</p> + +<p>Having read the <span class="smcap">Facts</span>, &c., I am satisfied that it is well adapted +to do good, and wish that it may have an extensive circulation among +the youth of our country.</p> + +<p class="nobot"><i>Andover, Aug. 16, 1841</i>.</p> + +<p class="rightsig">J. EDWARDS.</p> +<hr class="minor" /> + +<p class="rightsig"><i>Andover, 29th, July, 1841</i>.</p> + +<p>I have read a pamphlet entitled "<span class="smcap">Facts</span>, etc., from <span class="smcap">Distinguished +Physicians and Other Sources</span>," respecting a vice which is undermining +the health and happiness of many, and degrading them, in +some respects, below the brute creation.</p> + +<p>I think there is nothing in the manner of this pamphlet which can +be matter of just offence to any considerate mind. I am persuaded, +that, delicate as the task may be, the time has come when benevolence +demands that some effort should be made to enlighten the public +mind on the subject of which this pamphlet treats; and both the +remarks of the pamphlet, and the facts stated in it, seem to be well +adapted for this purpose. Most heartily do I wish success to that +benevolence which is willing to undertake a task so delicate and so +difficult as this.</p> + +<p>It is time for those who love the purity, the well-being and the +most interesting relations of human society, to speak out upon a vice +which is dangerous in proportion to the secrecy and silence in +which it has been involved.</p> + +<p class="nobot33">We fully concur in the above.</p> + +<p class="rightsig"> +M. STUART.<br /> +L. WOODS.<br /> +R. EMERSON. +</p> + +<div class="promo"> +<p>Recommended by the Boston Recorder, Zion's Herald, and many other papers; +also by numerous clergymen, teachers, physicians, &c.</p> +<hr class="minor" /> +<p>Dr. Woodward, of the Worcester Hospital, has done much to expose this solitary +vice. He says no cause is more influential in producing insanity. According +to the Report of the Institution, for 1838, out of 199 patients, 42 are considered victims +of masturbation.</p> + +<h4>RECOMMENDATIONS.</h4> + +<p class="center"><i>From President Humphrey, of Amherst College.</i></p> + +<p class="rightsig"><span class="smcap">Amherst College</span>, April 17, 1842.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Rev. Orin Fowler</span>:—Rev. and Dear Sir—I thank you heartily for your +pamphlet, on the use of that vile narcotic, <i>tobacco</i>. It ought to be the abhorring +of all mankind, as it is of all other flesh; and the extensive circulation +of your timely and powerful antidote, cannot fail of doing great good. The +public in general have no idea of the enormous expense of smoking and +chewing in this country; much less of the waste of health and life occasioned +by it. I rejoice that your essay begins to be loudly called for, and wish that +as many copies might be circulated as there are miserable slaves to the habit, +which, next to alcoholic drinking, is stupefying more brains, and probably +shortening more lives than any other.</p> + +<p class="nobot33"> +Very sincerely and affectionately yours,</p> +<p class="rightsig">H. HUMPHREY.</p> + +<hr class="minor" /> +<p class="center"><i>From Rev. M. Tucker, D. D.</i></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Providence</span>, April 30, 1842.</p> + +<p>I have read with interest the Rev. Orin Fowler's Essay on the evils of the +use of Tobacco. A perusal cannot fail to convince every candid mind. The +use of tobacco in most cases is an evil. The subject is ably discussed in this +essay. The arguments are sound, the facts abundant, and the conclusions +fair and forcible. They who can resist such appeals must be slaves indeed. +I shall rejoice in its wide circulation.</p> + +<p class="rightsig">M. TUCKER.</p> + +<hr class="minor" /> +<p class="center"><i>From Edward C. Delevan</i>.</p> + +<p>E. C. Delevan, former Secretary of the New York State Temperance Society, +says, in a letter to the author—"The subject of your Essay is one of +immense importance to the world and to the temperance cause. The use of this +vile weed has been the medium of forming the appetite for strong drink, and +ultimately destroying thousands of the most promising youth of our country. +You will hardly ever meet with an intemperate person without finding him +addicted to the use of tobacco. The public only want light on this important +subject, to act. Your able and convincing Disquisition will be the means of +doing much good. I hope funds will be provided to furnish a copy to each +clergyman in the United States. Send me one thousand copies of the second +edition, as soon as it is from the press."</p> + +<p>For other recommendations, see 7th and 8th pages.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Price</span>.—12 1-2 single, $1 per dozen, $8 a hundred, and $7 a hundred by +the thousand.</p> + +<p>The co-operation of Societies, and of benevolent individuals, is earnestly +requested, in this important reform. Young men are invited to engage in +circulating this work.</p> + +<p>All communications addressed post paid, to either of the Booksellers named +on the cover; and all orders accompanied with the cash, will receive prompt +attention.</p> +</div> + +<div class="tnote"> +<p class="center">Transcriber’s Note</p> +<p>Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as possible, +including obsolete and variant spellings and other inconsistencies.</p> +<p>Minor punctuation and printing errors have been corrected.</p> +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Disquisition on the Evils of Using +Tobacco, by Orin Fowler + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVILS OF TOBACCO *** + +***** This file should be named 24366-h.htm or 24366-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/3/6/24366/ + +Produced by David Garcia, Joe Longo and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Kentuckiana Digital Library) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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