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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco, by 
+Orin Fowler
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco
+       and the Necessity of Immediate and Entire Reformation
+
+Author: Orin Fowler
+
+Release Date: January 20, 2008 [EBook #24366]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVILS OF TOBACCO ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Garcia, Joe Longo and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Kentuckiana Digital Library)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+A
+
+DISQUISITION
+
+ON THE
+
+EVILS OF USING TOBACCO,
+
+AND THE NECESSITY OF
+
+IMMEDIATE AND ENTIRE REFORMATION.
+
+By REV. ORIN FOWLER A. M.
+
+THIRD EDITION.
+
+BOSTON:
+
+PUBLISHED BY GEO. GREGORY.
+
+For sale by D. S. KING, No. 1 Cornhill; JORDAN & CO. 121
+Washington Street. NEW YORK: JOHN S. TAYLOR,
+145 Nassau Street. PROVIDENCE: WM.
+APLIN, 65 South Main St.
+1842.
+
+
+
+
+A
+
+DISQUISITION
+
+ON THE
+
+EVILS OF USING TOBACCO,
+
+AND THE NECESSITY OF
+
+IMMEDIATE AND ENTIRE REFORMATION.
+
+Delivered before the Fall River Lyceum, and before the Congregation to whom
+the Author statedly ministers
+
+BY ORIN FOWLER, A. M.,
+
+PASTOR OF THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN FALL RIVER, MASS.
+
+Third Edition.
+
+BOSTON:
+PUBLISHED BY GEO. GREGORY.
+
+For sale by D. S. KING, No. 1. Cornhill; JORDAN &. CO. 121
+Washington Street. NEW YORK: JOHN S. TAYLOR,
+145 Nassau Street. PROVIDENCE: WM.
+APLIN, 65 South Main St.
+
+1842.
+
+
+
+
+Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1842, by ORIN
+FOWLER, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTORY REMARKS,
+
+BY THE PUBLISHER.
+
+
+Among the evils which a vitiated appetite has fastened upon mankind,
+those that arise from the use of Tobacco hold a prominent place, and
+call loudly for reform. We pity the poor Chinese, who stupifies body and
+mind with opium, and the wretched Hindoo, who is under a similar slavery
+to his favorite plant, the Betel; but _we_ present the humiliating
+spectacle of an enlightened and christian nation, wasting annually more
+than twenty-five millions of dollars, and destroying the health and the
+lives of thousands, by a practice not at all less degrading than that of
+the Chinese or Hindoo.
+
+Whether, then, we consider the folly and indecency of the habit, or the
+waste of property, health and life which it occasions, it is time for
+the Patriot, the Philanthropist and the Christian, to put forth united,
+vigorous and systematic efforts to banish this injurious and disgusting
+habit from the community.
+
+It is a fact, that one reform not only prepares the way for another, but
+often so depends upon it, that the complete triumph of the one cannot be
+effected without that of the other. Such appears to be the relationship
+existing between the use of intoxicating drinks and that of the
+stimulating narcotic, tobacco. The use of tobacco almost always
+accompanies the use of alcoholic drinks, and it may be feared that total
+abstinence from the latter will not be _permanent_, unless there is also
+a total abstinence from the former. Our temperance brethren,
+particularly our worthy Washingtonians, will do well to bear this in
+mind.
+
+The tobacco reform, being similar to that of temperance, must be brought
+about by similar means. Information must be diffused, the evils of the
+practice exposed, and the attention of the public aroused to the
+subject. To aid in this, is the object of the following pamphlet, two
+editions of which have already been put in circulation, and it is said
+to have been re-published in England. The favorable reception of the
+former editions, as shown by the repeated editorial remarks, and the
+numerous letters of thanks addressed to the author, affords much
+encouragement for a vigorous prosecution of the enterprise. Three
+members of the church of which the author is pastor, placed at his
+disposal a sum sufficient to supply, gratuitously, each of the 1000
+Beneficiaries of the American Education Society, with a copy of the
+essay. Orders were furnished for bundles for distribution. An individual
+in Maine ordered 500 copies, and 1000 were ordered by E. C. Delevan, of
+New York, the distinguished advocate of Temperance.
+
+Let the friends of true reform remember the early days of the temperance
+cause, and take courage. All interested should exert themselves.
+Clergymen can do much by lecturing and other means. Churches should form
+Anti-Tobacco Societies, circulate information and induce as many as
+possible to take a stand against the evil, by enrolling their names on a
+_Pledge_.
+
+Teachers should speak on the subject, and endeavor to prevent the
+formation of so vile and tyranical a habit, by those under their
+influence; for it is a fact that lads in many of our public schools try
+to hasten their claims to _manliness_, by learning to chew, smoke or
+snuff. This being the case, we may expect, of course, to find these
+practices prevalent in our academies and colleges, our medical and our
+law schools and theological seminaries.
+
+In the early records of Harvard University, says Dr. Mussey, is a
+regulation ordering that "no scholar shall take tobacco unless permitted
+by the President, with the consent of his parents, on good reason first
+given by a physician, and then only in a sober and private manner." How
+different now! Probably one half, at least, of the students of our
+colleges are, not in a "sober and private manner," but publicly addicted
+to this slovenly and disgusting practice.
+
+As the use of tobacco is injurious to health, it is the duty of
+physicians to exert their influence against it. Their authority upon
+such subjects is generally respected, and is therefore very important.
+
+To the ladies, it would hardly seem necessary to say a word, in order to
+secure their aid in a reform that so intimately concerns themselves. In
+this matter, as in the vice of intemperance, woman, though comparatively
+innocent, is by far the greatest sufferer. With what a melancholy
+prospect does a young lady marry a man who uses the filthy plant in any
+form. He may _at first_ do it in a neat, or even a genteel manner, and
+neutralize the sickening odor by the most grateful perfumes; but this
+trouble will soon be dispensed with, and in all probability he will, at
+no distant day, become a sloven, with his garments saturated with smoke,
+and himself steeped in tobacco juice. Alas, to think of being annoyed a
+life-time by the nauseous odor of the vile tobacco worm, and of wasting
+patience and strength in vain endeavors to preserve neatness in his
+slimy trail! Little can be accomplished in this, or any other reform,
+without the aid of females. Let them take hold of the subject, and exert
+their legimate influence, and public opinion will soon be corrected;
+young men and old too, will soon learn that by no rule in the code of
+politeness and good breeding, can the use of tobacco be tolerated.
+
+A word to dealers. How can a man who regards the morals, the happiness
+and the prosperity of his neighborhood and his country, deal out so
+useless, so filthy, and so injurious an article as tobacco? Many will of
+course, excuse themselves by saying as the rum-sellers once did, "If I
+don't sell it, others will," This plea did not justify the rum-seller,
+neither will it, the dealer in tobacco. Others will say, "I _must_ sell
+it, or I shall offend my patrons and lose their custom." But this is not
+valid even as a selfish argument. A large and increasing portion of the
+community would be glad to patronize traders who sell only the useful
+and necessary articles of life. Let respectable traders cease to sell
+the article, and respectable customers would soon cease to buy it.
+
+The abominable filthiness of the practice of using tobacco, is a
+sufficient argument to induce all decent people to wage war against it.
+Stage coaches, rail cars, steamboats, public houses, courts of justice,
+halls of legislation, and the temples of God, are all defiled by the
+loathsome consumers of this dirty, Indian herb. For the sake of decency,
+for the honor of humanity, let the land be purified from this worse than
+beastly pollution!
+
+Let none be discouraged from engaging in this reform, because it relates
+to a wide-spread and fashionable vice. With a moderate degree of effort
+in each town and village, hundreds of thousands might in one year's
+time, be induced to pledge themselves against all use of tobacco.
+
+During the last winter I drew up the following pledge, and obtained many
+signatures here and in other parts of the state.
+
+  ANTI-TOBACCO PLEDGE.
+
+  _We, the subscribers, believing that the use of_ TOBACCO,
+  _in all its forms, is injurious to health, and knowing it to
+  be a slovenly, sluttish, and disgusting habit, do pledge
+  ourselves that we will not_ SMOKE _it_, CHEW _it, nor_ SNUFF
+  _it; and that we will use efforts to persuade those addicted
+  to the practice, to discontinue its use; and above all, that
+  we will not traffic in it, nor countenance those who do; and
+  that we will use our influence to banish the "vile stuff"
+  from New England, our country, and the world._
+
+A gentleman in North Bridgewater, to whom I lent a pamphlet on this
+subject, said he had not read it half through, before he emptied his
+pockets of tobacco, and resolved to use no more. He also took a pledge
+to circulate among his neighbors.
+
+Another man who had chewed tobacco thirty-three years, abandoned the
+habit and remarked that he would not return to it for fifty dollars.
+
+Two benevolent individuals, in Providence, had two or three hundred
+copies of the above pledge printed to circulate in the State of Rhode
+Island. One of the principal clergymen in P. said, a member of his
+church, a trader, told him that the money paid for tobacco in the city
+was sufficient to support the public preaching. A gentleman there, who
+has recently given up tobacco, said he would not go back to its use for
+a thousand dollars, although it cost him a great effort to refrain from
+it. A young man, after receiving a private lecture from an anti-tobacco
+friend, committed to the flames half a dozen cigars he had by him, and
+signed the pledge.
+
+I have conversed with very many addicted to the use of tobacco, and
+nearly all express regret at having formed the habit.
+
+A few days since in a town not far from Providence, as I was sitting in
+the stage about starting for the city, up came a reverend gentleman, a
+very fine man by the way, with a big cigar about half burned. He had too
+much good breeding to get into the stage with it, and to all appearance,
+disliked to part with so good a friend; he accordingly stood outside
+and puffed away like a steamer, at the same time keeping an eye on the
+driver; when all was ready, he scrambled in, and we drove off. What an
+example, for a clergyman to stand in a public street and puff a cigar
+like a loafer or a blackguard!
+
+Rev. Mr. C., in a village adjoining Providence relates, that a brother
+clergyman called to preach for him. He was in the habit of chewing
+tobacco, and Mr. C. took the opportunity to speak to him on the subject.
+At first the brother remarked that there was nothing wrong or injurious
+in it; but on Mr. C's pressing the matter and asking how he could preach
+"righteousness, temperance" and good habits in all things, when he was
+himself addicted to such a practice, the brother frankly acknowledged
+that he knew he was setting a bad example, and that tobacco was
+poisonous, injurious to health and shortened life, but he excused
+himself by saying he _could not_ give it up, for he found it
+_impossible_ to write a sermon or preach it with any success, without
+taking tobacco. Sermons and preaching inspired by tobacco! What better
+is this, than the inspiration of brandy?
+
+Rev. Mr.----, now of Boston, formerly of a neighboring city, is a most
+excessive smoker and chewer, so much so that it was a matter of
+notoriety and remark among his congregation and acquaintances of his
+former residence. He was a very agreeable man in other respects, but his
+study, his library, and every thing about him were so completely
+saturated with tobacco smoke, that the ladies of his church rarely made
+him a call, and more rarely borrowed a book from his extensive and
+excellent library.--Is it not time for clergymen to reform themselves in
+this particular, and then consistently to set about reforming others.
+
+I have recently learned that many _ladies_ are in the habit of _chewing
+snuff!_ Some of them become so addicted to it as to use enormous
+quantities in this way. "One of these snuff eaters," I was told, "was
+accustomed to take herself by the under lip with one hand, and with the
+thumb and four fingers of the other to fill in an embankment between her
+lips and teeth." Shocking! Yet, what young lady who carries a concealed
+snuff-box, can be sure of not coming to this?
+
+I saw a woman who commenced with chewing snuff, and is now a regular
+tobacco chewer. She said however, that she intended to give up the habit
+and refrain from tobacco in all its forms.
+
+Unless something is done to check the evil, who can say that we shall
+not become as bad as the inhabitants of Cuba, where, according to Rev.
+Mr. Ingersoll, "not only men, but _women_ and _children_ smoke, and some
+at a large expense." And according to Rev. Dr. Abbot, "it was the common
+estimate that in Havana, there was an average consumption of _ten
+thousand dollars worth of cigars in a day_."
+
+BOSTON, July, 1842.
+
+
+
+
+RECOMMENDATIONS.
+
+
+_From the Rochester Observer._
+
+"Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco.--'A disquisition on the evils of
+using tobacco, and the necessity of an immediate and entire reform,' by
+Rev. Orin Fowler, of Fall River, Mass. This is a very valuable and
+instructive discourse. We have for two years or more been fully
+convinced that the use of tobacco, in its three common forms, ought
+immediately to be abandoned; but never were we so fully sensible of the
+alarming extent and tremendous ravages of this evil, as when we had read
+this production. We think no _christian_, who is willing to know and do
+his duty, can read this pamphlet, without saying on the spot, if he uses
+tobacco, (except it be judiciously prescribed by a physician.) the use
+of this poisonous, deleterious weed is a _grievous sin_, and I will
+abandon it _immediately and forever_.
+
+Mr. F. lays down the position that it is the duty of every man and woman
+to abstain immediately, entirely and forever, from all use of tobacco,
+whether by chewing, smoking or snuffing, except it be as a medicine.
+
+In favor of this point he offers the following arguments, which we think
+he has fully sustained, by well attested facts, quotations from approved
+authors, and the deductions of sound reasoning.
+
+1. The history of this loathsome weed. It has ever since its discovery
+been considered exceedingly injurious, and its general use opposed by
+judicious men.
+
+2. Its ruinous effect upon the health and constitution of men.
+
+3. Its ruinous effects upon the intellect.
+
+4. Its ruinous effects upon public and private morals.
+
+5. The amazing waste of property which its use involves.
+
+6. The mortality which its use occasions.
+
+7. The apologies made by the lovers of tobacco.
+
+8. The eternal ruin which tobacco occasions.
+
+We intend in our next to give extracts from this discourse. We hope it
+will have a wide circulation, and would commend it to the careful
+perusal of all christians, especially to ministers, who use this vile
+and ruinous plant."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Edward C. Delevan, Secretary of the New York State Temperance Society,
+says, in a letter just received--"The subject of your Essay is one of
+immense importance to the world and to the temperance cause. The use of
+this vile weed has been the medium of forming the appetite for strong
+drink, and ultimately destroying thousands of the most promising youth
+of our country. You will hardly ever meet with an intemperate person
+without finding him addicted to the use of tobacco. The public only want
+light on this important subject, to act. Your able and convincing
+Disquisition will be the means of doing much good. I hope funds will be
+provided to furnish a copy to each clergyman in the United States. Send
+me one thousand copies of the second edition, as soon as it is from the
+press."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco.--We are anxious to see this work
+extensively circulated, for we are confident that it will do good. The
+pamphlet contains much valuable information, and will be found well
+worth an attentive and frequent perusal."
+
+                                        _The Unionist_, Brooklyn, Conn.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco.--The subject of which this
+pamphlet treats is one which, we are persuaded, has received too small a
+share of attention from those who are laboring to free our land, utterly
+and forever, from the thraldom of intemperance. From our own
+observation, limited as it has been, we are persuaded that the victims
+of intemperance in the use of this poisonous weed are by no means
+inconsiderable in number. Probably Mr. Fowler is correct when he
+estimates the mortality occasioned by the use of tobacco in its various
+forms, at five thousand annually. For ourself we are convinced that the
+suppression of intemperance in spirituous liquors will never be effected
+while the agents and advocates of our Temperance Societies, lecture with
+a pinch of snuff in their fingers and a huge tobacco quid in their
+mouths. Tobacco slays its thousands, and doubtless one tenth of the
+drunkards in our land have become so by first indulging in the use of
+the dirty plant, and thus creating an unnatural thirst that called for
+liquid fire to quench it.
+
+Did our limits permit, we should be glad to give copious extracts from
+Mr. Fowler's discourse."                          _Batharia Palladium._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                                               _Lisbon, Feb. 3d, 1841._
+Mr Fowler--
+
+_Dear Sir_--We have in this county a monthly ministers' meeting.
+
+At the last the use of tobacco was discussed. I was appointed to write
+on the subject, and derived important aid from your Disquisition on
+tobacco. I feel that it is a very happy effort, and calculated to do
+much good, and that it is desirable that it should have a much wider
+circulation.
+
+The thought occurred to me whether it might not be published by the
+Tract Society.
+
+This would give it the widest circulation it could have.
+
+I doubt not but you are desirous of having the greatest amount of good
+accomplished by this effort, and will be ready to extend its circulation
+if possible.
+
+Should it become a Tract, be so good as to inform me--for I should be
+glad to place it in every family in my parish.
+
+                              Fraternally yours,       JOSEPH AYER, Jr.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notice by Dr. Alcott, Editor of the Library of Health.
+
+"A disquisition on the evils of using Tobacco. By Orin Fowler, A. M.
+Second Edition. This pamphlet finds favor, * * * *. While we have the
+kindliest feelings towards those who chew this disgusting substance, we
+hold its use, in every form, in the most unqualified contempt. We care
+not to whom the remark may apply, whether he be farmer, mechanic,
+lawyer, doctor, minister, judge or president; but if in the light which
+Mr. Fowler has shed on the subject, any man should continue to smoke or
+chew tobacco, or take snuff, public opinion ought to frown him out of
+the pale of all civilized society. He that will contribute in any way to
+a tax upon this nation of $25,000,000 a year for such stuff, may well be
+set down as a bad citizen, unless he does it in ignorance."
+
+
+
+
+DISQUISITION.
+
+
+In this age of benevolent action, when much is being done to drive away
+the darkness and delusions of many generations, and to diffuse light and
+truth through the earth; it excites the liveliest joy in every
+philanthropic bosom to witness the triumphant results already achieved.
+Recent efforts to banish the use of intoxicating drinks, have brought
+well nigh half the civilized world to a solemn pause: and the work of
+reformation in this matter of spirit-drinking has gone so far, and is
+yet making such sure progress, that many are rejoicing in the lively
+hope that the day is nigh, even at the doors, when drunkenness, with her
+burning legion of evils, will cease from the earth; and the gospel of
+the grace of God will have free course and be glorified, and the whole
+family of man become temperate, holy and happy. The God of our salvation
+hasten that day apace; that our eyes may see it, and rejoice and be glad
+in it, before we go to the grave.
+
+But ere that day shall fully come, there is much land to be possessed.
+Many a battle must yet be fought,--many a victory must yet be won. Much
+light must yet be poured forth,--much darkness must yet be driven away.
+The world is not yet half reformed. The majority in the best portions of
+the earth--in this country even--are on the side of free indulgence in
+every thing that pleases the appetite.
+
+Intemperance in the use of intoxicating drinks,--and intemperance in the
+use of _tobacco_, in the several forms of _smoking_, _snuffing_ and
+_chewing_; together with several other evils, which I need not here
+specify, are even now predominant.
+
+By intemperance in the use of tobacco, I mean all use of this drug
+except that which is under the direction of enlightened, judicious
+medical advice. With this exception, _entire abstinence_ from this
+narcotic substance constitutes the only safe and genuine
+temperance.--This principle has been adopted extensively, in its
+application to intoxicating drinks; but before it shall be universally
+adopted in that application, it must be applied, and applied
+universally, to the _quid_, and the _pipe_, and the _snuff-box_.
+Rum-drinking will not cease, till tobacco-chewing, and tobacco-smoking,
+and snuff-taking, shall cease. Though all who are attached to the quid,
+the pipe, or the snuff-box, are not attached to the bottle; yet a vast
+multitude become attached to the bottle, and this attachment is
+continued and increased, through the poisonous, bewitching, and debasing
+influence of tobacco.
+
+Moreover, the use of tobacco involves a train of evils, superadded to
+its influence in perpetuating drunkenness, which cries aloud for
+immediate and universal reformation. It is my present purpose to
+consider these evils. And I wish to premise that, in this consideration,
+I shall urge; that it is the duty of every friend of humanity--of every
+lover of his country--of every Christian--and of every minister of
+Christ, to _abstain_, himself, _immediately_, and _forever_, from _all_
+use of tobacco, whether by _chewing_, _smoking_, or _snuffing_, except
+it be _medicinally_; and to use the whole weight of his influence and
+example to persuade others--and especially the young men and maidens of
+this nation--to practice entire abstinence.
+
+I am fully aware that the topic which I have selected, the position
+which I lay down, and the purpose at which I aim, are not popular. But
+what then? Did Clarkson and Wilberforce abandon the cause of the
+enslaved African, when they found that abolition was unpopular in the
+British Senate? Did Columbus abandon his purpose of attempting to
+discover a new world, when he perceived that the noble project of his
+noble soul was unpopular, with princes and people, learned and ignorant?
+Did Jesus Christ abandon his purpose to redeem a world lying in
+wickedness, when it became manifest that his doctrines, and the pure
+benevolence of his holy soul, were unpopular. And has it ever been
+_seemly_ for one of his true and faithful disciples to abandon the cause
+of human happiness, and the soul's everlasting salvation, because the
+work of saving mercy is unpopular?
+
+The theme of our present consideration, is doubtless unpopular.--But we
+_should_ not, we _will_ not, therefore abandon the purpose of exposing
+the evils of smoking, and chewing, and snuffing, that dirty weed, which
+is so hostile to animal life, and so offensive to every creature on
+earth, that no living being but man--and a loathsome worm, called the
+tobacco-worm--will taste, or touch, or handle it.[A]
+
+[A] It has recently been affirmed that there is a dirty goat in South
+America which will eat this dirty plant.
+
+Though it be unpopular to expose the evils of using tobacco; these evils
+are so appalling, it will not do to slumber over them longer.--We must
+look at them; we must lay them open--we must raise our voice against
+them; (we would gladly raise it so high that it should reach every
+family in the nation.) Yes, we must cry aloud and spare not; or give up
+our claim to patriotism, and benevolence.
+
+In approaching this subject, I am not unmindful of the pertinacity with
+which men adhere to old habits. Dr. Rush speaks of a venerable clergyman
+who closed a long sermon, in which he had controverted what he supposed
+an heretical opinion, with these words: "I tell you--I tell you, my
+brethren, I tell you again, that an _old error_ is better than a _new
+truth_." There are few who will assent to this proposition in plain
+terms; but there are thousands upon thousands, who act up to the very
+letter of it, constantly.--The history of man is extensively a history
+of folly, delusion, and sin.
+
+No error has been so absurd as not to find advocates--no habit has been
+so foolish, or so deadly, as not to find martyrs. But of all the
+delusions, which have prevailed among civilized men, there have been
+few--perhaps none, but that of intoxication--so disgusting, so
+inexcusable, so destructive to health, and wealth, and life, as the
+habit which we now ask you to consider.
+
+It will be borne in mind that my position is this; it is the bounden
+duty of every man and every woman to _abstain_, _immediately_, and
+_forever_, from _all use_ of tobacco, whether by _chewing_, _smoking_,
+or _snuffing_ except it be as a medicine. This position I maintain,
+
+I. From a consideration of the _history_ of this loathsome weed.--The
+tobacco plant is a native of America. It was unknown in Europe until
+some time after the discovery of America, by Columbus. It was first
+carried to Europe by Sir Francis Drake, about the year 1560, less than
+three hundred years ago. The natives of this continent called it
+_petun_; the natives of the islands called it _yoli_. The Spaniards gave
+it the name of _tobacco_, from _Tobaco_, a province of Yucatan in
+Mexico, where they first found it, and first learned its use. Its
+botanic name is _Nicotiana_, which it received from John Nicot, then
+Ambassador from Francis II. to Portugal, who brought it from Lisbon, and
+presented some of it to the Queen Catharine de Medicis, and to the Grand
+Prior of the house of Lorraine; whence it was sometimes called the
+Queen's herb, and the Grand Prior's herb.
+
+The practice of smoking it in England, was introduced by Sir Walter
+Raleigh, about the year 1584.
+
+The cultivation of it is not uncommon in various parts of the globe; but
+the seat of its most extensive culture is Virginia and Maryland, in this
+country. In England its cultivation was forbidden--and we believe is
+still forbidden--on penalty of forfeiting forty shillings for every rod
+of ground planted with it.
+
+James I. wrote a treatise against the use of it, which he called his
+"Counterblast to Tobacco." Pope Urban VIII. issued a Bull, to
+excommunicate all who used tobacco in the churches. The civil power in
+Russia, Turkey, and Persia, was early arrayed against it. The King of
+Denmark, who wrote a treatise against tobacco, observes that "merchants
+often lay it in bog-houses, that, becoming impregnated with the volatile
+salts of the excrements, it may be rendered brisker, stronger, and more
+f[oe]tid." It is said to be a fact, that in manufacturing tobacco, it is
+frequently sprinkled with stale urine.
+
+The use of tobacco never was general in Europe; and within the last
+fifty or one hundred years, it has been banished from all the polite
+circles of that part of the world. John Adams, the former President of
+the United States, speaking of his own use of tobacco, and referring to
+his residence in Europe, says: "Twice I gave up the use of it; once when
+Minister at the Court of Hague; and afterwards when Minister at the
+Court of London; for _no such offensive practice is seen there_."
+
+But although the cultivation of tobacco has been forbidden in many
+countries of Europe; and though the manufacture of it is frequently
+attended with circumstances so disgusting and offensive, that the
+modesty of this paper will not permit me to detail them,--and though the
+use of it is abandoned by all the respectable and polished circles of
+Europe; yet in this nation, and among the lower orders abroad, tobacco
+has triumphed: and the only hope of expelling it from our land, lies in
+enlisting against it the power of enlightened public opinion--a mightier
+power than any eastern despot wields.
+
+Now from this brief sketch of the history of tobacco, it appears that it
+was unknown to all the civilized world, till within three hundred years;
+and that even now, all the polished and enlightened portion of community
+abroad--and we add, a very respectable portion at home--have no
+fellowship with the filthy weed. And can any man justify himself in the
+daily use of a disgusting plant, against the practice, opinion, and
+remonstrances of so large a portion of the civilized world? Can he be
+discharging the obligations of his duty, and enjoying the full amount of
+his privilege, while he suffers himself to be a bond-slave to his quid,
+his pipe, or his snuff-box? Either an important article of the vegetable
+kingdom, lay hid from the civilized world nearly six thousand years; or
+since its discovery, the lovers of tobacco have formed an entirely
+erroneous opinion of its properties. In the sequel, I trust it will
+appear, that so far from possessing _valuable_ properties, it is one of
+the most _noxious_ weeds that grows; that, as an article of medicine, it
+possesses scarcely a redeeming quality; and that, though it was not made
+in vain, if the world had remained ignorant of it six thousand years
+longer, no cause of regret would have been occasioned.
+
+I maintain the position I have laid down,
+
+II. From a consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon the
+_health_ and _constitution_ of men.
+
+In considering this point, let us examine the _properties_ of this
+weed,--the prominent diseases which the use of it induces,--and the
+_experiences_ of unprejudiced observers. The properties of tobacco are
+decidedly _poisonous_. In proof of this assertion, I appeal to ample and
+unquestionable authority.
+
+Professor Hitchcock says, "I group _alcohol_, _opium_ and _tobacco_
+together, as alike to be rejected; because they agree in being
+_poisonous_ in their natures." "In popular language," says he, "alcohol
+is classed among the stimulants, and opium and tobacco among the
+narcotics, whose ultimate effect upon the animal system is to produce
+stupor and insensibility." He says, "Most of the powerful vegetable
+poisons, such as hen-bane, hemlock, thorn-apple, prussic acid, deadly
+night-shade, fox-glove and poison sumach, have an effect on the animal
+system scarcely to be distinguished from that of opium and _tobacco_.
+They impair the organs of digestion, and may bring on fatuity, palsy,
+delirium, or apoplexy," He says, "In those not accustomed to it,
+_tobacco_ excites nausea, vomiting, dizziness, indigestion, mental
+dejection, and in short, the whole train of _nervous_ complaints."
+
+Dr. Rees, in his Cyclopedia, says; "A drop or two of the chemical oil of
+tobacco, being put upon the tongue of a cat, produces violent
+convulsions, and death itself in the space of a minute."
+
+Dr. Hossack classes _tobacco_ with opium, ether, mercury, and other
+articles of the materia medica. He calls tobacco a "_fashionable
+poison_," in the various forms in which that narcotic is employed.--He
+says, "The great increase of dyspepsia; the late alarming frequency of
+apoplexy, palsy, epilepsy, and other diseases of the nervous system; is
+attributable, in part, to the use of tobacco."
+
+Dr. Waterhouse says that Linnæus, in his natural arrangement, has placed
+tobacco in the class _Luridæ_--which signifies, pale, ghastly, livid,
+dismal and fatal. "To the same ominous class," he adds, "belong
+fox-glove, hen-bane, deadly night-shade, lobelia, and another poisonous
+plant, bearing the tremendous name Atropa, one of the furies." He says,
+"When tobacco is taken into the stomach for the first time, it creates
+nausea and extreme disgust. If swallowed, it excites violent convulsions
+of the stomach and of the bowels to eject the poison either upward or
+downward. If it be not very speedily and entirety ejected, it produces
+great anxiety, vertigo, faintness, and prostration of all the senses;
+and, in some instances, death has followed." The oil of this plant, he
+adds, is one of the strongest vegetable poisons, insomuch that we know
+of no animal that can resist its mortal effects. Moreover, says Dr.
+Waterhouse, after a long and honorable course of practice, "I never
+observed so many pallid faces, and so many marks of declining health;
+nor ever knew so many hectical habits, and consumptive affections, as of
+late years; and I trace this alarming inroad on young constitutions,
+_principally_ to the pernicious custom of smoking cigars."
+
+Professor Graham says "Tobacco is one of the most _powerful_ and _deadly
+poisons_ in the vegetable kingdom." "Its effects on the living tissues
+of the animal system," he adds, "are always to destroy life; as the
+experiments made on pigeons, cats, and other animals abundantly prove."
+
+The Editors of the Journal of Health say, "Tobacco is in fact an
+absolute poison. A very moderate quantity introduced into the system,
+even applying the moistened leaves to the stomach, has been known very
+suddenly to extinguish life. In whatever form it may be employed, a
+portion of the active principles of tobacco, mixed with the saliva,
+invariably finds its way to the stomach, and disturbs or impairs the
+functions of that organ. Hence most, if not all, who are accustomed to
+the use of tobacco, labor under dyspeptic symptoms. Our advice is to
+desist immediately and entirely from the use of tobacco in every form,
+and in any quantity, however small. A reform, to be efficacious, must be
+entire and complete."
+
+Dr. Warren says, "The common belief that tobacco is beneficial to the
+teeth, is entirely erroneous; on the contrary, by its poisonous and
+relaxing qualities, it is positively injurious." Says another physician,
+"Though snuff has been prescribed for the head-ache, catarrh, and some
+species of opthalmia, and sometimes with good effect; yet in all cases
+where its use is _continued_, it not only fails of its medical effect,
+but commits great ravages on the whole nervous system, superinducing
+hypochondria, tremors, a thickening of the voice, and premature decay of
+all the intellectual powers."
+
+As a diuretic, Dr. Fowler, and others, have found it in some cases to be
+valuable. Its narcotic properties have sometimes assuaged the
+tooth-ache; but it always hastens the destruction of the teeth. But of
+all substances in pharmacy, there seems to be a general agreement among
+medical writers, that tobacco, though occasionally beneficial, is the
+most unmanageable, and used with the least confidence.
+
+A multitude of cases, confirming these views, have actually occurred;
+two or three of which I will cite. A clergyman, who commenced the use of
+tobacco in youth, says, "that no very injurious consequences were
+experienced till he entered the ministry, when his system began to feel
+its dreadful effects. His voice, his appetite, and his strength failed;
+and he was sorely afflicted with sickness at the stomach, indigestion,
+emaciation, melancholy, and a prostration of the whole nervous system.
+All this," says he, "I attribute to the pernicious habit of smoking and
+chewing tobacco." At length he abandoned the quid and the pipe. His
+voice, appetite, and strength were soon restored; all aches subsided,
+and in a little time general health was enjoyed.
+
+Another clergyman writes, "I thank God, and I thank you, for your advice
+to abandon smoking; my strength has doubled since I relinquished this
+abominable practice."
+
+A respectable gentleman in middle life, who commenced chewing tobacco at
+the age of eighteen, was long afflicted with depression of spirits,
+great emaciation, and the usual dyspeptic symptoms.--All attempts to
+relieve him were fruitless, till he was persuaded to dispense with his
+quid. Immediately his spirits revived, and he soon regained his
+health.[A]
+
+[A] Extracts in point might here be given from numerous letters received
+by the Author, since the publication of the first edition; but it is
+unnecessary.
+
+Cases of reform and cure are occurring by thousands, every year, all
+over the land. Let every lover of tobacco, who is afflicted with
+_dyspepsia_, and nervous maladies, _reform_, immediately and entirely;
+and let him adopt a simple and rational system of diet, regimen, and
+employment; and in nine cases out of ten, he may hope to enjoy good
+health, and live long to bless the world.
+
+The conclusion from all this evidence is established, that tobacco _is_
+an _active poison_; that its constant use induces the most distressing
+and fatal diseases; and that, as a medicine, it is rarely needful, and
+never used, even _medicinally_, with entire confidence. This loathsome
+weed, then, should not be used, even _medicinally_, except in extreme
+cases, and then in the hands of a skillful physician. For every man--and
+especially for every boy, who has hardly entered his teens--to take this
+poison into his own hands, and determine for himself how much he will
+use, is as preposterous, as if he were to take upon himself to deal out
+arsenic, corrosive sublimate, or calomel.
+
+No man can devote himself to the pipe, the quid, or the snuff-box,
+without certain injury to his health and constitution. He may not
+perceive the injury at once, on account of immediate exhilaration; but
+complicated chronic complaints will creep upon him apace, making life a
+burden, and issuing in premature dissolution. And just so certain as it
+is our duty to do no murder,--to use all lawful means to preserve our
+lives, and the lives of others; as certain is it our duty and our
+privilege to practice _entire abstinence_ from the use of tobacco.
+
+I maintain the position I have laid down,
+
+III. From the consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon the
+_intellect_.
+
+Here, again, let Professor Hitchcock speak. Says he, "Intoxicating
+drinks, opium and tobacco, exert a pernicious influence upon the
+intellect. They tend directly to debilitate the organs; and we cannot
+take a more effectual course to cloud the understanding, weaken the
+memory, unfix the attention, and confuse all the mental operations, than
+by thus entailing upon ourselves the whole hateful train of nervous
+maladies. These can bow down to the earth an intellect of giant
+strength, and make it grind in bondage, like Sampson shorn of his locks
+and deprived of his vision. The use of tobacco may seem to soothe the
+feelings, and quicken the operations of the mind; but to what purpose is
+it that the machine is furiously running and buzzing after the balance
+wheel is taken off?"
+
+The late Gov. Sullivan, speaking of the use of tobacco, says, "It has
+never failed to render me dull and heavy, to interrupt my usual
+alertness of thought, and to weaken the powers of my mind in analyzing
+subjects and defining ideas."
+
+The actual loss of _intellectual_ power, which tobacco has hitherto
+occasioned, and is still causing, in this Christian nation, is immense.
+How immense, it is impossible accurately to calculate. Many a man who
+might have been a giant, has not risen above mediocrity; and many a man
+who might have been respectable and useful, has sunk into obscurity, and
+buried his talents in the earth. This is a consideration of deepest
+interest to every philanthropist, patriot, and Christian in the land,
+and especially to all our youth. We live at a time, and under
+circumstances, which call for the exertion of all our intellectual
+strength, cultivated, improved and sanctified, to the highest measure of
+possibility. Error, ignorance, and sin, must be met and vanquished; they
+must be met and vanquished by light and love. The eye of angels is upon
+us,--the eye of God is upon us,--and shall we fetter, and palsy, and
+ruin our intellectual capabilities, for the paltry pleasure of using one
+of the most poisonous, loathsome, and destructive weeds found in the
+whole vegetable kingdom? Let us rather shake off this abominable
+practice, and rise, as individuals and as a nation, in all our
+intellectual potency,--and let us go forth from day to day, to the noble
+purposes of our destiny, untrammelled by the quid, or the pipe, or the
+snuff-box; and before another generation shall lie down in the grave,
+our efforts and our example may cause the light of human science, and
+the light of civil and religious liberty, and the light of Bible truth,
+to blaze through all our valleys, and over all our hills, from
+Greenland to Cape Horn,--and with a lustre that shall illumine the
+world.
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+IV. From a consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon public
+and private _morals_.
+
+The ruinous effects of tobacco upon public and private morals, are seen
+in the idle, sauntering habits, which the use of it engenders,--in the
+benumbing, grovelling, stupid sensations which it induces,--but
+especially in perpetuating and extending the practice of using
+intoxicating drinks.
+
+Governor Sullivan has truly said, "that the tobacco pipe excites a
+demand for an extraordinary quantity of some beverage to supply the
+waste of glandular secretion, in proportion to the expense of saliva;
+and ardent spirits are the common substitutes; and the smoker is often
+reduced to a state of dram drinking, and finishes his life as a sot."
+
+Dr. Agnew has truly said, that "the use of the pipe leads to the
+immoderate use of ardent spirits."
+
+Dr. Rush has truly said, "that smoking and chewing tobacco, by rendering
+water and other simple liquors insipid to the taste, dispose very much
+to the stronger stimulus of ardent spirits; hence [says he] the practice
+of smoking cigars, has been followed by the use of brandy and water as
+common drink."
+
+A writer in the Genius of Temperance, says that his practice of smoking
+and chewing the filthy weed, "produced a continual thirst for
+stimulating drinks; and this tormenting thirst [says he] led me into the
+habit of drinking ale, porter, brandy, and other kinds of spirit, even
+to the extent, at times, of partial intoxication." He adds, "I reformed;
+and after I had subdued this appetite for tobacco, I lost all desire for
+stimulating drinks."
+
+Now the fact that some chew, and smoke, and snuff without becoming sots,
+proves nothing against the general principle, that it is the natural
+tendency of using tobacco to promote intoxication. Probably _one tenth_,
+at least, of all the drunkards annually made in the nation, and
+throughout the world, are made drunkards through the use of tobacco. If
+thirty thousand drunkards are made annually in the United States, three
+thousand must be charged to the use of tobacco. If thirty thousand
+drunkards die annually, in the United States, three thousand of these
+deaths must be charged to the use of tobacco. If twenty thousand
+criminals are sentenced to our penitentiaries in twenty years, through
+the influence of strong drink, two thousand must be charged to the use
+of tobacco. If fifty-six millions of gallons of ardent spirits have been
+annually consumed in this country, five and a half millions must be
+charged to the use of tobacco. And of all the Sabbath-breaking,
+profanity, quarrelling, and crime of every description, caused by the
+use of intoxicating drink; a tithe must be charged to the use of
+tobacco. And what friend of good morals,--what friend of man,--what
+friend of his country,--what friend of Christ and true religion,--and
+especially, what friend of the temperance cause,--can look at these
+results with the eye of candor and compassion for his fellow-men, and
+then not deliberately resolve that he will never chew another quid, nor
+smoke another whiff, nor snuff another pinch of the dirty weed?
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+V. From a consideration of the amazing _waste of property_, which the
+use of tobacco involves. On this point I have been unable to obtain the
+means for making out a perfectly accurate statistical result. I can only
+approximate a definite calculation. This approximation, however, will
+serve all the purposes of this argument.
+
+We will examine _three items_: the _cost_ of the article,--the _time_
+wasted by the use of it,--and the _pauperism_ it occasions. From a
+statement lately furnished me from the Treasury department of our
+National Government, exhibiting the quantity and value of cigars and
+snuff, exported from and imported into the United States, annually, from
+1st October, 1820 to 30th September, 1832, it appears that the value of
+cigars imported into the United States in 1821, was $113,601. In 1827 it
+was $174,931. In 1832 it was $473,134; while from the same document it
+appears that the value of cigars exported, in each of those years, was
+about one quarter the value of imports.
+
+Hence it appears that, in 1832, about half a million of dollars were
+paid for imported cigars; while in 1821, only $113,601 were paid; being
+more than a four-fold increase in eleven years. Whether there has been a
+corresponding increase in the value of domestic cigars consumed, I have
+no means of determining. From the fact of so prodigious an increase of
+imported cigars, I am led to fear that the evil of cigar smoking has
+increased in this country within ten years, far more rapidly than the
+increase of population. From this treasury document, it appears also,
+that in 1824, the value of unmanufactured tobacco exported from the
+United States, was
+
+                                                          $4,855,566
+ Of manufactured tobacco, the value was                    2,477,990
+ Of snuff,                                                   203,789
+                                                          ----------
+ Making a total of                                        $7,537,345
+
+In 1832, the value of unmanufactured tobacco exported,
+ was                                                      $5,999,769
+ Of manufactured tobacco,                                  3,456,071
+ Of snuff,                                                   295,771
+                                                          ----------
+ Making a total of                                        $9,751,611
+ for 1832, and an increase from the year 1824, of         $2,214,266
+
+Whether the quantity consumed in this country equals the quantity
+exported, or exceeds that quantity, I have no data enabling me to give a
+definite answer. But from the fact that large quantities of tobacco are
+raised in various other parts of the world, for foreign consumption; and
+from the fact that the people of this country are, above all other
+people under the sun, a chewing, smoking, snuffing people; I have very
+little doubt that the amount used in this country is double that
+exported. If so, the sum total paid annually, for this vile weed, in
+this christian country, is $19,503,222. But as I wish in this
+examination, to put the estimate _below_ rather than _above_ the truth,
+I will set down the value of tobacco, cigars, and snuff, consumed
+annually in this nation, as equal to the amount exported; that is, in
+round numbers, $10,000,000.
+
+That this is a very _low_ estimate, will appear by another conclusive
+calculation.
+
+According to the census of 1830, the population of the U. States, over
+twenty years of age, is about six millions. Suppose one in four of our
+adult population, use tobacco in some form; (and this is a very moderate
+supposition,) it gives one million, five hundred thousand: and suppose
+one in twelve of those who have not reached the age of twenty, use it;
+it gives five hundred thousand more: making a total of two millions--or
+one sixth of our population--who use tobacco in some form.
+
+Now suppose the expense to the consumers of this noxious drug, varies
+according to the quantity, and mode of using it. The expense to some is
+two dollars a year, to some it is five, and to others ten, twenty, and
+even fifty dollars a year. A laboring man, of my acquaintance, who did
+not use tobacco extravagantly, and only by chewing, told me that it cost
+him five dollars a year. A young lady of my acquaintance, says her snuff
+costs eight dollars a year. If a man pay three cents a day for cigars,
+it amounts to ten dollars, ninety-five cents a year. If he pay six
+cents, it amounts to twenty-one dollars, ninety cents a year. If he pay
+twelve and a half cents, it amounts to forty-four dollars, sixty-two
+cents a year.
+
+It is the opinion of good judges, that very many, who smoke freely and
+use Spanish cigars, pay more than fifty dollars a year for this foolish
+gratification.
+
+King James, in his "Counterblast," says, "Some of the gentry of this
+land, bestow three, some four hundred pounds a year, upon this precious
+stink."
+
+It will certainly be a moderate calculation to put down one quarter of
+the consumers at two dollars a year,--one quarter at five,--one quarter
+at eight,--and one quarter at ten dollars a year. Then the several items
+will stand thus:--
+
+ Half a million at two dollars, is      $1,000,000
+ Half a million at five dollars, is      2,500,000
+ Half a million at eight dollars, is     4,000,000
+ Half a million at ten dollars, is       5,000,000
+                                         _________
+                              Total,   $12,500,000.
+
+Again: the amount of tobacco annually consumed in France, as appears
+from authentic documents, is about seven millions of pounds; which is
+about one pound to every four persons. The amount annually consumed in
+England, as appears from authentic documents, is about seventeen
+millions; which is about one pound to every man, woman and child, in
+that nation.[A] In the United States, probably there are eight times as
+much used as in France, and three times as much as in England, in
+proportion to our population. If so, the quantity used in this country
+cannot fall short of thirty-five millions of pounds;[B] which, at thirty
+cents a pound, amounts to ten and a half millions of dollars; not
+including cigars and snuff, which cost half as much more; making the
+total sum fifteen and three fourths millions of dollars. And this
+enormous sum is doubtless _below_ what the article actually cost the
+consumers.
+
+[A] The tobacco imported and used for home consumption in Great Britain
+and Ireland in 1832, amounted to 20,313,651 pounds--the duty on which
+was 15,300,000 dollars.
+
+[B] 1,765,000 pounds of tobacco passed up the Erie Canal in seven and a
+half months in 1834.
+
+From these _three_ results, we believe there cannot be a doubt that the
+actual expense of tobacco, in its various forms, to the consumers in
+this country, may safely be set down at _ten millions of dollars a
+year_.
+
+The amount of _time_ lost by the consumers of tobacco, is another item
+of no inconsiderable moment. Some spend two, three, and four hours a day
+in this vile indulgence. To all who use the article, in any way, it
+occasions the loss of more or less time. If we put down the average
+amount at half an hour a day; and reckon the time thus lost at four
+cents an hour, it will amount--not reckoning Sabbaths--to six dollars,
+twenty-six cents a year, for each individual; which, for the whole
+company of consumers, is an amount of $12,520,000.
+
+The _pauperism_ which tobacco occasions, is another fearful item.
+Multitudes who are scarcely able to procure the necessaries of life,
+will shift, by sacrificing health and comfort, to procure the daily
+_quantum sufficit_ of tobacco. Many very poor families use tobacco, in
+all ways. Now suppose a poor family use twenty-five cents' worth of
+tobacco a week; it will amount to twelve dollars fifty cents a
+year,--and in fifty years, reckoning principal and interest, it will
+amount to three thousand five hundred and fifty-two dollars.
+
+Just look at this tax for snuff and tobacco, in a single aspect more.
+Many think it will make _no_ man the poorer, to pay six cents a day for
+this indulgence. It will make _every_ man the poorer. Let any young
+mechanic, or farmer, or merchant, consume six and a quarter cents' worth
+of this drug a day--beginning at twenty years of age, and continuing
+until he is sixty years old--and the sum total, reckoning principal and
+interest, will amount, in these forty years, to three thousand five
+hundred and twenty-nine dollars, thirty-six cents.
+
+If the _cost_ of tobacco,--the _neglect of business_ which it
+occasions,--the expense of the _pipes_ and the _boxes_, and the various
+_apparatus_ which the use of it involves,--and the _intoxication_ to
+which it leads,--all be reckoned up, the amount of _pauperism_ which
+this weed brings upon the nation, cannot be less than one quarter of the
+sum total of all our pauperism. And the sum total of the pauperism in
+this nation, has been shown, again and again, to be not less than twelve
+millions of dollars, annually. Hence the pauper tax, occasioned by the
+use of tobacco, may be set down at three millions of dollars, annually.
+
+ Here we have, then, the _expense_ of tobacco,  $10,000,000
+ The _time_ lost by the use of it,              $12,520,000
+ The _pauper tax_ which it occasions,            $3,000,000
+                                                ___________
+                                       Total,   $25,520,000
+
+To this sum should be added one-tenth of the waste of property, which
+strong drink occasions; inasmuch as one-tenth of the rum-drinking must
+be charged to tobacco. Now, it has been estimated that the whole cost of
+strong drink used annually, in this country, amounts to one hundred and
+twenty-five millions of dollars; a tenth of which is twelve and a half
+millions of dollars. If this tithe be added to the above estimate, it
+will make the sum total thirty-eight and a half millions. But as I
+intend my estimates shall be _moderate_, I will say nothing of the waste
+of property which tobacco occasions in connection with strong drink. I
+will put down the sum total as above twenty-five millions of dollars.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars, consumed by the use of tobacco, in this
+Christian nation, annually; and not a little of it by professors of
+religion, and ministers of the gospel, who are required by their Lord
+and Master to deny themselves,--to take up their cross,--to let their
+light shine before men, that they may see their good works, and glorify
+our Father in heaven. Nearly the whole of this twenty-five millions of
+dollars is a _dead loss_ to the nation; yes, it is infinitely _worse_
+than a dead loss; it not only does no good, but it actually goes to make
+fools and beggars, idlers and sots,--to purchase dyspepsia, early graves
+and everlasting shame. And what would this vast amount of property
+accomplish, if saved and devoted to useful purposes.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars annually, if applied to the improvement
+of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and to the advancement of
+the arts, sciences, and true religion, would accomplish everything for
+this nation, that the enlightened patriot and true Christian can ask
+for.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, would soon furnish canals,
+and rail-roads, and all other desirable facilities for
+intercommunication throughout the nation. Twenty-five millions of
+dollars, annually, would sustain all our colleges, academies and other
+schools, and all the religious and benevolent institutions of this whole
+country. It would rear seminaries of learning in every State where they
+are needed; and it would plant a Sabbath school, with a sufficient
+library in every school district.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, if applied in all feasible
+and suitable ways, would give freedom, with all the blessings of
+Christianity to the colored race in our own country, and throughout the
+continent of Africa in a very few years: and would terminate slavery and
+the slave-trade in every part of the world.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars annually, would send forth to the
+nations now perishing in heathen darkness, ten thousand missionaries,
+and five millions of tracts, every year, provided the men could be
+found.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, would, in five years, furnish
+all the money necessary to carry into complete execution, that noble
+purpose of the American Bible Society, of giving a copy of the Bible,
+within a specified time, to every accessible family on the earth. And
+what friend of man is there among us,--what patriot is there,--what
+Christian is there,--who can look at these truths, and not make up his
+mind to abandon all use of tobacco, _forever_; and to exert the whole
+weight of his influence and example to persuade others to do the same?
+
+I am aware, indeed, that it may be said, if the whole company of
+tobacco-chewers, smokers, and snuffers, should at once abandon all use
+of this weed, and thus withdraw their whole patronage, this twenty-five
+millions of dollars, which now gives wealth to many a man engaged in
+growing, manufacturing, and vending the poison, would be so much capital
+unemployed; and the means of living would be cut off from many a
+family,--and bankruptcy, and wretchedness would be the consequent
+portion of many an individual. This may be true. And it may be true,
+too, that the like consequences would follow the universal abandonment
+of intoxicating liquors. But what then? Shall one sixth part of the
+nation continue to use this poison, because, forsooth, the _producers_
+and _venders_ of it will lose their profits if it be abandoned? Shall
+the _intellect_, and _health_, and _comfort_, and _wealth_, and _lives_
+of hundreds and thousands of our fellow citizens, be sacrificed yearly;
+and widows and orphans be multiplied by scores and fifties, in every
+section of this wide-spreading country; and one of the prominent
+auxiliaries of _intemperance_,--and consequently of _crime_, and
+_insanity_, and _eternal woe_--be cherished; and twenty-five millions of
+dollars be _wasted_, and worse than wasted; and all this, that the
+_producers_ and _venders_ may feed and fatten on the gains? This
+objection lies equally against the temperance reform and every other
+reform, where cupidity and avarice are involved.
+
+As to the producers, it is affirmed on good authority, that hemp and
+corn, and other useful articles may be substituted without loss, and
+even with advantage. As to the venders, their capital may all be
+profitably employed upon valuable merchandise, without damage. But if it
+were not so; where _health_, _life_, and _happiness_ are involved, no
+good man can hesitate. The path of duty is plain. We are bound to walk
+in it, even though it run counter to the gains of those engaged in
+unlawful commerce.
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+VI. From a consideration of the _mortality_ which tobacco occasions.
+
+Some of my readers may be startled at this consideration. They may not
+have dreamed, even, that tobacco _kills_ any body. So insidious are the
+effects of this poison, and so insensible have the community been to its
+abominations, that very few have regarded the use of tobacco as the
+cause of swelling our bills of mortality. But though appalling, it is
+nevertheless true, that tobacco carries vast multitudes to the grave,
+all over our country, every year. Says Dr. Salmon, "I am confident more
+people have died of apoplexies, since the use of snuff in one year, than
+have died of that disease in an hundred years before; and most, if not
+all, whom I have observed to die, of late of that disease, were extreme
+and constant snuff-takers." The late Rev. Dr. Samuel Cooper, of Boston,
+by constant use of snuff, brought on a disorder of the head, which was
+thought to have ended his days. A very large quantity of hardened Scotch
+snuff was found, by a _post mortem_ examination, between the external
+nose and the brain. The late Gov. Sullivan, speaking of Gov. Hancock,
+the early President of Congress, says, "Gov. Hancock was an immoderate
+chewer of tobacco; but being a well-bred man, and a perfect gentleman,
+he, from a sense of decorum, refrained from spitting in company, or in
+well-dressed rooms. This produced the habit of swallowing the juice of
+the tobacco, the consequence of which was, his stomach became inactive,
+and a natural appetite seldom returned; the agreeable sensations of
+hunger could not be experienced but by the use of stimulants, to satisfy
+which he swallowed more food than his digestive powers could dispose of.
+This derangement in chylification increased his gout, his stomach became
+paralytic, and he died at the age of fifty-eight."
+
+Again, says Governor Sullivan, "My own brother, the active General
+Sullivan, began early in life to take snuff. It injured essentially a
+fine voice which he possessed as a public speaker. When he was an
+officer in the American army, he carried his snuff loose in his pocket.
+He said he did this because the opening of a snuff-box in the field of
+review, or on the field of battle, was inconvenient. At times he had
+violent pains in the head; the intervals grew shorter and shorter, and
+the returns more violent, when his sufferings ended in a stroke of
+palsy, which rendered him insensible to pain, made him helpless and
+miserable, and lodged him in the grave before he was fifty years of age;
+and I have no doubt [says the Governor,] but all this sprung from the
+use of snuff." He adds, "I have known some persons live to old age, in
+the extravagant use of tobacco; but they bear a small proportion to
+those who, by the habit of using tobacco, have been swept into the grave
+in _early_ or _middle_ life."
+
+Professor Silliman mentions two affecting cases of young men, in the
+Institution with which he is connected, who were carried to an early
+grave by tobacco. One of them, he says, entered college with an athletic
+frame; but he acquired the habit of using tobacco, and would sit and
+smoke by the hour together. His friends tried to persuade him to quit
+the practice; but he loved his lust, and would have it, live or die: the
+consequence was, he went down to the grave, a suicide.
+
+One of the German periodicals says, the chief German physiologists
+compute, that of twenty deaths of men between eighteen and twenty-five,
+ten, that is, one half, originate in the waste of the constitution by
+smoking. They declare, also, with much truth, that tobacco burns out the
+_blood_, the _teeth_, the _eyes_, and the _brain_.
+
+To this unequivocal testimony, which is confirmed by the observation of
+every intelligent person who has turned his attention to this matter,
+much more might be added; but it is unnecessary. How large a proportion
+of the twenty thousand deaths--reckoning one death to a hundred
+souls--which occur annually, among the two millions of tobacco consumers
+in this country, are to be charged to the use of this deadly narcotic, I
+am unable definitely to determine. If we suppose one quarter of these
+deaths to be caused by tobacco, it will give us the number of five
+thousand. Five thousand deaths in these United States, every year from
+the use of tobacco! and this is doubtless far below the actual number.
+Five thousand valuable lives sacrificed in this enlightened land,
+annually, in the use of a dirty plant, that no living creature, except
+man and the tobacco worm, will touch, or taste, or handle. Five thousand
+men and women carried to the grave, yearly, by a poisonous weed, which
+does _no good_, and which, for filthiness and disgust, scarcely has its
+parallel in the whole vegetable kingdom. Is there a _Christian_,--is
+there a _patriot_,--is there a _friend_ of humanity,--is there an
+_individual_, that values his own probationary existence,--who can look
+at the sweeping mortality which tobacco brings upon the nation, and
+longer indulge his attachment to his quid, his pipe or his snuff-box? Is
+there one who will pause and look at this matter, and not resolve that
+he will, _forthwith_, _entirely_, and _forever_, abandon a practice
+which does so much to people the grave?
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+VII.--From a consideration of the _apologies_ of the lovers of tobacco.
+
+I call them _apologies_. They cannot be considered _reasons_. Almost
+every lover of the dirty weed, feels that he needs an apology. One will
+tell us he has a cold, watery stomach, and he thinks that tobacco, by
+promoting expectoration, relieves the difficulty. Another will tell us
+he is very much troubled with indigestion, and he thinks tobacco
+relieves the difficulty; though, in truth, tobacco is the very worst
+drug he could use to relieve that disease, and is among the primordial
+causes of inducing it. Another will tell us that he is afflicted with
+the rising of his food after eating, and he thinks tobacco gives
+immediate relief; not suspecting, perhaps, that this rising of the food
+is occasioned by over eating. Another will tell us he has a distressing
+difficulty in the head, and brain, and he thinks a little good Scotch
+snuff affords relief; as though the filling the pores, and cavities of
+the head, and clogging up the brain, with this dirty stuff, would remove
+a disease which in most cases it originates.
+
+Others use tobacco to preserve the teeth; and this, though it is a
+solemn truth, that many a one loses his teeth by smoking and chewing
+the poisonous plant. Others, again, use tobacco to excite the mind to
+more vigorous intellectual effort. But when and where do we find great
+lovers of tobacco great students, and intellectual giants? Dr. Rush
+says, "I suspect tobacco is oftener used for the _want_ of ideas, than
+to excite them." There are some whose apology for using tobacco is, that
+it guards them against the power of contagious diseases. But Dr. Rees
+affirms that tobacco does not contain an antidote against contagion, and
+that, in general, it has no antiseptic power; and is therefore of no
+special use. There is another class still, who use tobacco because it
+soothes the irksomeness of life. They fear solitude; and to prevent
+self-examination, and to while away their probation time, they fly to
+the _pipe_, _quid_, and _snuff-box_; and soon, by an easy transition, to
+the wine-glass and brandy-bottle.
+
+These are the _usual apologies_ of the devotees to tobacco. And what do
+they amount to? In truth, the common opinion that tobacco is good for
+the head-ache,--weak eyes,--cold and watery stomachs,--the preservation
+of the teeth,--and the like, is sheer delusion. Let every man and woman,
+who would live long, and usefully, and happily, awake from this
+delusion; and let no one, as he values health, life, and salvation,
+_taste_, _touch_, or _handle_, the filthy poison.
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+VIII, AND LASTLY.--From a consideration of the _eternal ruin_ which
+tobacco occasions. On this point, a word or two only, will suffice. That
+tobacco carries many a soul down to the pit of eternal woe, is manifest
+from its connection with drunkenness, and from its inducing disease and
+death. Every man who dies a drunkard, and every man who, knowingly and
+recklessly, brings upon himself disease and death through the influence
+of tobacco, is a _suicide_. And drunkards and suicides cannot inherit
+the kingdom of God. How many will at last, ascribe their eternal ruin to
+alcohol and tobacco, cannot now be told.
+
+That it will be a great multitude, (perhaps a great multitude which no
+man can number,) we have no reason to doubt.
+
+What then, I ask, _ought_ to be _done_? What _can_ be done? What _must_
+be done? If this poisonous narcotic be of _recent_ origin; if it be
+ruinous to the _health_ and _constitution_, and _intellect_, and
+_public_ and _private morals_; if it occasions an amazing _waste of
+property_,--and a multitude of _deaths_,--and _eternal ruin_ to many
+precious souls; and if it do no good,--and there be no _apology_ for
+using it, which will bear examination; then _something ought to be
+done_, and it ought to be done _immediately_. And, _only one_ thing need
+be done. And that _can_ be done, and it ought to be done. It is
+this:--_tobacco can be abandoned_. And if moral influence enough can be
+enlisted, it _will_ be abandoned.
+
+TOTAL ABSTINENCE is the only sure remedy. TOTAL ABSTINENCE will deliver
+us from all the evils which this weed has brought down upon individuals
+and families, and the nation.--Nothing else will do it. And total
+abstinence can be adopted and practiced. True; in some cases, it may
+cost an _effort_; but, in every instance, three weeks' perseverance will
+overcome the habit. Three weeks' _total abstinence_, will disenthrall
+every victim, and give him the prospect of _freedom_, _plenty_,
+_health_, and _happiness_. And shall this effort be made? A _mighty_
+effort it must be, to liberate and save this whole nation--and
+especially our young men and maidens--from the curses of the _quid_, the
+_pipe_, and the _snuff-box_.
+
+I appeal to my fellow citizens. I appeal to the _nation_, and the _whole
+nation_. _Shall_ the effort be made?
+
+I appeal to _patriots_. Patriotism forbids the man who loves his
+country, to shrink from any personal sacrifice, if he can thereby arrest
+some great national evil. That the use of tobacco is a great national
+evil, appears from the considerations which have been laid before you.
+It has been shown that tobacco is weakening the physical and mental
+energies of this nation,--that it is depraving our morals, and
+destroying the public conscience,--and that it is causing an amazing
+waste of property, and health and life. I ask every patriot to look at
+this portentous evil. Every true patriot, who will examine the length,
+breadth, and depth of this evil, cannot but feel that it claims his
+attention. And he will enquire what efforts, what sacrifices, can
+deliver us from the curses of this narcotic? The answer to this inquiry
+is an _easy_ answer,--the effort is an _easy_ effort,--the sacrifice is
+an _easy_ sacrifice. Let every true patriot in our country abstain from
+the poison, _immediately_, _entirely_, and _forever_; and let him use
+the whole weight of his influence and example to persuade others--and
+especially the young men and maidens of this republic--to practice
+entire abstinence; and the work will soon be done. We put the question
+to every true patriot: _will you do it_?
+
+I appeal to _Christians_. Your religion requires you to abstain from the
+very appearance of evil. It requires you to deny yourselves, to take up
+your cross, and to follow Christ through evil, as well as through good
+report. Is there no appearance of evil, in the use of tobacco? Can the
+Christian deny himself and follow Christ, with the quid, or pipe in his
+mouth, or the contents of the snuff-box in his nose? If Christ himself,
+were here on earth, in this age of action, when six hundred millions of
+men, for whom he died, are perishing for lack of vision--think you he
+would waste a single cent of _property_, or a single moment of _time_,
+or a single ounce of health and mental energy, in the habitual use of
+this narcotic? Would he _handle_, _touch_, or _taste_, the poison? And
+will _you_, whose names are written in his book,--_you_, who have been
+bought with his blood, and sanctified through his grace, and made heirs
+of all the riches of his kingdom,--_you_, whom he requires to be
+_examples_ in all things,--will you _handle_, or _touch_ or _taste_ it?
+Let every Christian in our country, abstain from this poison,
+_immediately_, _entirely_, and _forever_; and let him use the whole
+weight of his influence and example, to persuade others to practice
+_entire abstinence_; and this work of reform will soon be done. We put
+the question to every true Christian: _will you do it_?
+
+I appeal to the _youth_ of both sexes. You are the flower and the hope
+not only of this nation, but of all nations struggling for freedom. The
+destinies of this republic are about being placed, under God, in your
+hands; and inasmuch as all the friends of freedom, everywhere, are
+looking up to our institutions for light and aid, the destinies of the
+world will rest with a mightier weight of responsibility upon your
+shoulders, than upon any other generation that has come forth upon the
+stage of action, for twenty centuries. The importance of sound and
+enlightened principles--of pure and elevated examples, and independent
+and decided action in _you_, is above all estimation. You are placed in
+the moral Thermopylæ of the world. The evils arising from _alcohol_ and
+_tobacco_, which you have it in your power to avert from your country,
+are more dreadful than the invasion of Xerxes with his millions. The
+cause of moral reform, in the use of the latter of these articles, which
+we urge upon you with deepest and sincerest solicitude, is far more
+urgent than that in which the Bruti and the Gracchi offered up their
+lives. Some of you have not yet handled or tasted the fatal drug. Let
+all such stand firm henceforward, and never yield to the power of
+custom, temptation and lust. Some of you, on the other hand, have
+permitted yourselves to become the victims of this drug. Let all such be
+urged by the voice of patriotism, religion, self-respect, reason,
+conscience, and duty, to _abstain_ from this poison, _immediately_,
+_entirely_, and _forever_. And then every young man, and every young
+woman, in the republic, shall be free from all the calamities attending
+the use of this narcotic; and love, and peace, and joy, will run through
+the land, and flow over the world. We put the question to every youth:
+_will you do it_?
+
+I appeal to the _friends of temperance_. You have enlisted your energies
+to expel intoxicating drinks from common use throughout the world. Go
+on, and prosper. But, as you go, remember, that complete success will
+not crown your exertions unless you are consistent,--unless you abandon
+all use of tobacco, the companion and sister of alcohol. As you go forth
+to the noble work you have undertaken, you will be met at every corner,
+with the declaration of A. B. and C., _I_ am ready to abstain from
+alcohol when _you_ do from tobacco; and how effectually will this
+declaration shut your mouth, and destroy your influence. Be
+_consistent_. Carry your principles into _all_ your evil habits, and a
+moral potency will be diffused through what you say and do, that nothing
+can resist. We put the question to every friend of temperance: _will you
+do it_?
+
+I appeal to American _females_. As mothers, wives and daughters, you
+have it in your power (without turning aside from your appropriate
+duties) to put an end to the use of this disgusting weed. The children
+and youth of this nation, to say nothing of the young men and fathers,
+are almost exclusively under your control; and may be moulded at your
+pleasure. You know how _filthy_, _disgusting_, _ruinous_, is the
+practice against which we ask you to set your faces. Only practice
+ENTIRE ABSTINENCE yourselves, and urge this practice upon all within
+your reach; and in less than twenty years, this reformation will be
+completed. We put the question to every mother, wife, daughter: _will
+you do it_?
+
+I appeal to the _medical_ profession. You are the guardians of the
+health of the republic. You are acquainted with the deadly properties of
+the drug in question. You can understand the necessity, and appreciate
+the importance of reform. You know that _entire abstinence_ is urged by
+paramount considerations. In the work of reform from spirit-drinking,
+you have acted in a manner that reflects honor upon your profession. In
+the work of reform now urged upon your notice, we calculate upon your
+active, hearty co-operation. If you put your hand to this work, by
+_precept_, and by _example_; if you abstain _entirely_, and _forever_,
+from all use of this plant, and inculcate entire abstinence, as you have
+opportunity; the work which now bespeaks your attention will soon be
+done. We put the question to every medical man: _will you do it_?
+
+Finally--I appeal to _ministers_ of the Gospel. You are stationed on the
+watch-towers of Zion, as guardians of the public morals. Against every
+abomination your great Master requires you to cry aloud and spare not;
+to lift up your voice like a trumpet; to show the people their
+transgressions, and the house of Jacob their sins. He requires you to be
+_examples_ to the flock, in all things, that, while
+
+  "You allure to brighter worlds,"
+
+you "may lead the way." I ask you to look at the influence of tobacco
+upon the _health_, _wealth_, _morals_, and _lives_ of this republic; and
+then to decide, as in the fear of God, whether the blood of souls may
+not be found on your garments, if you do not _abstain_ yourselves from
+all common use of this drug, and warn every man around you to do
+likewise.[A] Suffer us to point you to Him who went about doing good,
+and pleased not himself, and set a pure and perfect example in
+everything; and also to that early servant of his, who would abstain
+from things good and lawful, rather than prejudice the interests of
+Zion. What reception would the Apostles have met, when they went about
+to enlighten and reform the world, if they had carried with them their
+_snuff-boxes_, _pipes_, _cigars_, and _pig-tail_ tobacco? But a word to
+the wise is sufficient. Let all who minister in holy things, abstain
+from this poison, immediately, entirely, and forever; and let them use
+the whole weight of their influence, and example, to persuade
+others--and especially our youth--to practice entire abstinence; and
+this good work will soon be done. We put the question to every minister
+of Christ: _will you do it_?
+
+[A] Says a distinguished correspondent--the most efficient officer of
+one of our benevolent institutions, "Not long since a clergyman called
+on me as agent for one of the most popular Societies for spreading the
+knowledge of Christ crucified throughout the world: his breath was
+intolerable, and the tobacco juice had formed a current from each corner
+of his mouth downward. I need not describe to you my feelings at this
+exhibition."
+
+
+
+
+JUST PUBLISHED.
+
+
+"Facts and Important Information from distinguished Physicians and other
+sources." Fourth Edition. Published by Geo. Gregory. For sale by D. S.
+King, 1 Cornhill, Jordan & Co., 121 Washington St., Boston--John S.
+Taylor, 145 Nassau St., N. Y.--Wm. Aplin, 65 South Main Street,
+Providence.
+
+Price--12 1-2 cts. single, $1 per dozen, $8 a hundred, and $7 a hundred,
+by the thousand. All communications addressed, post paid, to either of
+the sellers, and all orders accompanied with the cash, will receive
+prompt attention.
+
+This little work relates to an important subject and it has met with a
+remarkably favorable reception; as shown by the fact, that four
+editions--_twenty thousand_ copies in all--have been published within
+ten months; and the sale is rapidly increasing.
+
+
+RECOMMENDATIONS.
+
+_The following highly valuable testimonials are from President_ EDWARDS,
+_Professor_ STUART, _Rev. Dr._ WOODS, _and Professor_ EMERSON, _of the
+Andover Theological Seminary_.
+
+Having read the FACTS, &c., I am satisfied that it is well adapted to do
+good, and wish that it may have an extensive circulation among the youth
+of our country.
+
+                                                        J. EDWARDS.
+
+_Andover, Aug. 16, 1841._
+
+                                        _Andover, 29th, July, 1841._
+
+I have read a pamphlet entitled "FACTS, etc., from DISTINGUISHED
+PHYSICIANS AND OTHER SOURCES," respecting a vice which is undermining
+the health and happiness of many, and degrading them, in some respects,
+below the brute creation.
+
+I think there is nothing in the manner of this pamphlet which can be
+matter of just offence to any considerate mind. I am persuaded, that,
+delicate as the task may be, the time has come when benevolence demands
+that some effort should be made to enlighten the public mind on the
+subject of which this pamphlet treats; and both the remarks of the
+pamphlet, and the facts stated in it, seem to be well adapted for this
+purpose. Most heartily do I wish success to that benevolence which is
+willing to undertake a task so delicate and so difficult as this.
+
+It is time for those who love the purity, the well-being and the most
+interesting relations of human society, to speak out upon a vice which
+is dangerous in proportion to the secrecy and silence in which it has
+been involved.
+
+          We fully concur in the above.                  M. STUART.
+                                                          L. WOODS.
+                                                        R. EMERSON.
+
+Recommended by the Boston Recorder, Zion's Herald, and many other
+papers; also by numerous clergymen, teachers, physicians, &c.
+
+Dr. Woodward, of the Worcester Hospital, has done much to expose this
+solitary vice. He says no cause is more influential in producing
+insanity. According to the Report of the Institution, for 1838, out of
+199 patients, 42 are considered victims of masturbation.
+
+
+RECOMMENDATIONS.
+
+_From President Humphrey, of Amherst College._
+
+                                   AMHERST COLLEGE, April 17, 1842.
+
+REV. ORIN FOWLER:--Rev. and Dear Sir--I thank you heartily for your
+pamphlet, on the use of that vile narcotic, _tobacco_. It ought to be
+the abhorring of all mankind, as it is of all other flesh; and the
+extensive circulation of your timely and powerful antidote, cannot fail
+of doing great good. The public in general have no idea of the enormous
+expense of smoking and chewing in this country; much less of the waste
+of health and life occasioned by it. I rejoice that your essay begins to
+be loudly called for, and wish that as many copies might be circulated
+as there are miserable slaves to the habit, which, next to alcoholic
+drinking, is stupefying more brains, and probably shortening more lives
+than any other.
+
+             Very sincerely and affectionately yours,
+                                                       H. HUMPHREY.
+
+
+_From Rev. M. Tucker, D. D._
+
+PROVIDENCE, April 30, 1842.
+
+I have read with interest the Rev. Orin Fowler's Essay on the evils of
+the use of Tobacco. A perusal cannot fail to convince every candid mind.
+The use of tobacco in most cases is an evil. The subject is ably
+discussed in this essay. The arguments are sound, the facts abundant,
+and the conclusions fair and forcible. They who can resist such appeals
+must be slaves indeed. I shall rejoice in its wide circulation.
+
+                                                         M. TUCKER.
+
+
+_From Edward C. Delevan_.
+
+E. C. Delevan, former Secretary of the New York State Temperance
+Society, says, in a letter to the author--"The subject of your Essay is
+one of immense importance to the world and to the temperance cause. The
+use of this vile weed has been the medium of forming the appetite for
+strong drink, and ultimately destroying thousands of the most promising
+youth of our country. You will hardly ever meet with an intemperate
+person without finding him addicted to the use of tobacco. The public
+only want light on this important subject, to act. Your able and
+convincing Disquisition will be the means of doing much good. I hope
+funds will be provided to furnish a copy to each clergyman in the United
+States. Send me one thousand copies of the second edition, as soon as it
+is from the press."
+
+For other recommendations, see 7th and 8th pages.
+
+PRICE.--12 1-2 single, $1 per dozen, $8 a hundred, and $7 a hundred by
+the thousand.
+
+The co-operation of Societies, and of benevolent individuals, is
+earnestly requested, in this important reform. Young men are invited to
+engage in circulating this work.
+
+All communications addressed post paid, to either of the Booksellers
+named on the cover; and all orders accompanied with the cash, will
+receive prompt attention.
+
+
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+|                      Transcriber’s Note                            |
+| Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as |
+| possible, including obsolete and variant spellings and other       |
+| inconsistencies.                                                   |
+|                                                                    |
+| Minor punctuation and printing errors have been corrected.         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco, by 
+Orin Fowler
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco
+       and the Necessity of Immediate and Entire Reformation
+
+Author: Orin Fowler
+
+Release Date: January 20, 2008 [EBook #24366]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVILS OF TOBACCO ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Garcia, Joe Longo and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Kentuckiana Digital Library)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+A
+
+DISQUISITION
+
+ON THE
+
+EVILS OF USING TOBACCO,
+
+AND THE NECESSITY OF
+
+IMMEDIATE AND ENTIRE REFORMATION.
+
+By REV. ORIN FOWLER A. M.
+
+THIRD EDITION.
+
+BOSTON:
+
+PUBLISHED BY GEO. GREGORY.
+
+For sale by D. S. KING, No. 1 Cornhill; JORDAN & CO. 121
+Washington Street. NEW YORK: JOHN S. TAYLOR,
+145 Nassau Street. PROVIDENCE: WM.
+APLIN, 65 South Main St.
+1842.
+
+
+
+
+A
+
+DISQUISITION
+
+ON THE
+
+EVILS OF USING TOBACCO,
+
+AND THE NECESSITY OF
+
+IMMEDIATE AND ENTIRE REFORMATION.
+
+Delivered before the Fall River Lyceum, and before the Congregation to whom
+the Author statedly ministers
+
+BY ORIN FOWLER, A. M.,
+
+PASTOR OF THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN FALL RIVER, MASS.
+
+Third Edition.
+
+BOSTON:
+PUBLISHED BY GEO. GREGORY.
+
+For sale by D. S. KING, No. 1. Cornhill; JORDAN &. CO. 121
+Washington Street. NEW YORK: JOHN S. TAYLOR,
+145 Nassau Street. PROVIDENCE: WM.
+APLIN, 65 South Main St.
+
+1842.
+
+
+
+
+Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1842, by ORIN
+FOWLER, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTORY REMARKS,
+
+BY THE PUBLISHER.
+
+
+Among the evils which a vitiated appetite has fastened upon mankind,
+those that arise from the use of Tobacco hold a prominent place, and
+call loudly for reform. We pity the poor Chinese, who stupifies body and
+mind with opium, and the wretched Hindoo, who is under a similar slavery
+to his favorite plant, the Betel; but _we_ present the humiliating
+spectacle of an enlightened and christian nation, wasting annually more
+than twenty-five millions of dollars, and destroying the health and the
+lives of thousands, by a practice not at all less degrading than that of
+the Chinese or Hindoo.
+
+Whether, then, we consider the folly and indecency of the habit, or the
+waste of property, health and life which it occasions, it is time for
+the Patriot, the Philanthropist and the Christian, to put forth united,
+vigorous and systematic efforts to banish this injurious and disgusting
+habit from the community.
+
+It is a fact, that one reform not only prepares the way for another, but
+often so depends upon it, that the complete triumph of the one cannot be
+effected without that of the other. Such appears to be the relationship
+existing between the use of intoxicating drinks and that of the
+stimulating narcotic, tobacco. The use of tobacco almost always
+accompanies the use of alcoholic drinks, and it may be feared that total
+abstinence from the latter will not be _permanent_, unless there is also
+a total abstinence from the former. Our temperance brethren,
+particularly our worthy Washingtonians, will do well to bear this in
+mind.
+
+The tobacco reform, being similar to that of temperance, must be brought
+about by similar means. Information must be diffused, the evils of the
+practice exposed, and the attention of the public aroused to the
+subject. To aid in this, is the object of the following pamphlet, two
+editions of which have already been put in circulation, and it is said
+to have been re-published in England. The favorable reception of the
+former editions, as shown by the repeated editorial remarks, and the
+numerous letters of thanks addressed to the author, affords much
+encouragement for a vigorous prosecution of the enterprise. Three
+members of the church of which the author is pastor, placed at his
+disposal a sum sufficient to supply, gratuitously, each of the 1000
+Beneficiaries of the American Education Society, with a copy of the
+essay. Orders were furnished for bundles for distribution. An individual
+in Maine ordered 500 copies, and 1000 were ordered by E. C. Delevan, of
+New York, the distinguished advocate of Temperance.
+
+Let the friends of true reform remember the early days of the temperance
+cause, and take courage. All interested should exert themselves.
+Clergymen can do much by lecturing and other means. Churches should form
+Anti-Tobacco Societies, circulate information and induce as many as
+possible to take a stand against the evil, by enrolling their names on a
+_Pledge_.
+
+Teachers should speak on the subject, and endeavor to prevent the
+formation of so vile and tyranical a habit, by those under their
+influence; for it is a fact that lads in many of our public schools try
+to hasten their claims to _manliness_, by learning to chew, smoke or
+snuff. This being the case, we may expect, of course, to find these
+practices prevalent in our academies and colleges, our medical and our
+law schools and theological seminaries.
+
+In the early records of Harvard University, says Dr. Mussey, is a
+regulation ordering that "no scholar shall take tobacco unless permitted
+by the President, with the consent of his parents, on good reason first
+given by a physician, and then only in a sober and private manner." How
+different now! Probably one half, at least, of the students of our
+colleges are, not in a "sober and private manner," but publicly addicted
+to this slovenly and disgusting practice.
+
+As the use of tobacco is injurious to health, it is the duty of
+physicians to exert their influence against it. Their authority upon
+such subjects is generally respected, and is therefore very important.
+
+To the ladies, it would hardly seem necessary to say a word, in order to
+secure their aid in a reform that so intimately concerns themselves. In
+this matter, as in the vice of intemperance, woman, though comparatively
+innocent, is by far the greatest sufferer. With what a melancholy
+prospect does a young lady marry a man who uses the filthy plant in any
+form. He may _at first_ do it in a neat, or even a genteel manner, and
+neutralize the sickening odor by the most grateful perfumes; but this
+trouble will soon be dispensed with, and in all probability he will, at
+no distant day, become a sloven, with his garments saturated with smoke,
+and himself steeped in tobacco juice. Alas, to think of being annoyed a
+life-time by the nauseous odor of the vile tobacco worm, and of wasting
+patience and strength in vain endeavors to preserve neatness in his
+slimy trail! Little can be accomplished in this, or any other reform,
+without the aid of females. Let them take hold of the subject, and exert
+their legimate influence, and public opinion will soon be corrected;
+young men and old too, will soon learn that by no rule in the code of
+politeness and good breeding, can the use of tobacco be tolerated.
+
+A word to dealers. How can a man who regards the morals, the happiness
+and the prosperity of his neighborhood and his country, deal out so
+useless, so filthy, and so injurious an article as tobacco? Many will of
+course, excuse themselves by saying as the rum-sellers once did, "If I
+don't sell it, others will," This plea did not justify the rum-seller,
+neither will it, the dealer in tobacco. Others will say, "I _must_ sell
+it, or I shall offend my patrons and lose their custom." But this is not
+valid even as a selfish argument. A large and increasing portion of the
+community would be glad to patronize traders who sell only the useful
+and necessary articles of life. Let respectable traders cease to sell
+the article, and respectable customers would soon cease to buy it.
+
+The abominable filthiness of the practice of using tobacco, is a
+sufficient argument to induce all decent people to wage war against it.
+Stage coaches, rail cars, steamboats, public houses, courts of justice,
+halls of legislation, and the temples of God, are all defiled by the
+loathsome consumers of this dirty, Indian herb. For the sake of decency,
+for the honor of humanity, let the land be purified from this worse than
+beastly pollution!
+
+Let none be discouraged from engaging in this reform, because it relates
+to a wide-spread and fashionable vice. With a moderate degree of effort
+in each town and village, hundreds of thousands might in one year's
+time, be induced to pledge themselves against all use of tobacco.
+
+During the last winter I drew up the following pledge, and obtained many
+signatures here and in other parts of the state.
+
+  ANTI-TOBACCO PLEDGE.
+
+  _We, the subscribers, believing that the use of_ TOBACCO,
+  _in all its forms, is injurious to health, and knowing it to
+  be a slovenly, sluttish, and disgusting habit, do pledge
+  ourselves that we will not_ SMOKE _it_, CHEW _it, nor_ SNUFF
+  _it; and that we will use efforts to persuade those addicted
+  to the practice, to discontinue its use; and above all, that
+  we will not traffic in it, nor countenance those who do; and
+  that we will use our influence to banish the "vile stuff"
+  from New England, our country, and the world._
+
+A gentleman in North Bridgewater, to whom I lent a pamphlet on this
+subject, said he had not read it half through, before he emptied his
+pockets of tobacco, and resolved to use no more. He also took a pledge
+to circulate among his neighbors.
+
+Another man who had chewed tobacco thirty-three years, abandoned the
+habit and remarked that he would not return to it for fifty dollars.
+
+Two benevolent individuals, in Providence, had two or three hundred
+copies of the above pledge printed to circulate in the State of Rhode
+Island. One of the principal clergymen in P. said, a member of his
+church, a trader, told him that the money paid for tobacco in the city
+was sufficient to support the public preaching. A gentleman there, who
+has recently given up tobacco, said he would not go back to its use for
+a thousand dollars, although it cost him a great effort to refrain from
+it. A young man, after receiving a private lecture from an anti-tobacco
+friend, committed to the flames half a dozen cigars he had by him, and
+signed the pledge.
+
+I have conversed with very many addicted to the use of tobacco, and
+nearly all express regret at having formed the habit.
+
+A few days since in a town not far from Providence, as I was sitting in
+the stage about starting for the city, up came a reverend gentleman, a
+very fine man by the way, with a big cigar about half burned. He had too
+much good breeding to get into the stage with it, and to all appearance,
+disliked to part with so good a friend; he accordingly stood outside
+and puffed away like a steamer, at the same time keeping an eye on the
+driver; when all was ready, he scrambled in, and we drove off. What an
+example, for a clergyman to stand in a public street and puff a cigar
+like a loafer or a blackguard!
+
+Rev. Mr. C., in a village adjoining Providence relates, that a brother
+clergyman called to preach for him. He was in the habit of chewing
+tobacco, and Mr. C. took the opportunity to speak to him on the subject.
+At first the brother remarked that there was nothing wrong or injurious
+in it; but on Mr. C's pressing the matter and asking how he could preach
+"righteousness, temperance" and good habits in all things, when he was
+himself addicted to such a practice, the brother frankly acknowledged
+that he knew he was setting a bad example, and that tobacco was
+poisonous, injurious to health and shortened life, but he excused
+himself by saying he _could not_ give it up, for he found it
+_impossible_ to write a sermon or preach it with any success, without
+taking tobacco. Sermons and preaching inspired by tobacco! What better
+is this, than the inspiration of brandy?
+
+Rev. Mr.----, now of Boston, formerly of a neighboring city, is a most
+excessive smoker and chewer, so much so that it was a matter of
+notoriety and remark among his congregation and acquaintances of his
+former residence. He was a very agreeable man in other respects, but his
+study, his library, and every thing about him were so completely
+saturated with tobacco smoke, that the ladies of his church rarely made
+him a call, and more rarely borrowed a book from his extensive and
+excellent library.--Is it not time for clergymen to reform themselves in
+this particular, and then consistently to set about reforming others.
+
+I have recently learned that many _ladies_ are in the habit of _chewing
+snuff!_ Some of them become so addicted to it as to use enormous
+quantities in this way. "One of these snuff eaters," I was told, "was
+accustomed to take herself by the under lip with one hand, and with the
+thumb and four fingers of the other to fill in an embankment between her
+lips and teeth." Shocking! Yet, what young lady who carries a concealed
+snuff-box, can be sure of not coming to this?
+
+I saw a woman who commenced with chewing snuff, and is now a regular
+tobacco chewer. She said however, that she intended to give up the habit
+and refrain from tobacco in all its forms.
+
+Unless something is done to check the evil, who can say that we shall
+not become as bad as the inhabitants of Cuba, where, according to Rev.
+Mr. Ingersoll, "not only men, but _women_ and _children_ smoke, and some
+at a large expense." And according to Rev. Dr. Abbot, "it was the common
+estimate that in Havana, there was an average consumption of _ten
+thousand dollars worth of cigars in a day_."
+
+BOSTON, July, 1842.
+
+
+
+
+RECOMMENDATIONS.
+
+
+_From the Rochester Observer._
+
+"Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco.--'A disquisition on the evils of
+using tobacco, and the necessity of an immediate and entire reform,' by
+Rev. Orin Fowler, of Fall River, Mass. This is a very valuable and
+instructive discourse. We have for two years or more been fully
+convinced that the use of tobacco, in its three common forms, ought
+immediately to be abandoned; but never were we so fully sensible of the
+alarming extent and tremendous ravages of this evil, as when we had read
+this production. We think no _christian_, who is willing to know and do
+his duty, can read this pamphlet, without saying on the spot, if he uses
+tobacco, (except it be judiciously prescribed by a physician.) the use
+of this poisonous, deleterious weed is a _grievous sin_, and I will
+abandon it _immediately and forever_.
+
+Mr. F. lays down the position that it is the duty of every man and woman
+to abstain immediately, entirely and forever, from all use of tobacco,
+whether by chewing, smoking or snuffing, except it be as a medicine.
+
+In favor of this point he offers the following arguments, which we think
+he has fully sustained, by well attested facts, quotations from approved
+authors, and the deductions of sound reasoning.
+
+1. The history of this loathsome weed. It has ever since its discovery
+been considered exceedingly injurious, and its general use opposed by
+judicious men.
+
+2. Its ruinous effect upon the health and constitution of men.
+
+3. Its ruinous effects upon the intellect.
+
+4. Its ruinous effects upon public and private morals.
+
+5. The amazing waste of property which its use involves.
+
+6. The mortality which its use occasions.
+
+7. The apologies made by the lovers of tobacco.
+
+8. The eternal ruin which tobacco occasions.
+
+We intend in our next to give extracts from this discourse. We hope it
+will have a wide circulation, and would commend it to the careful
+perusal of all christians, especially to ministers, who use this vile
+and ruinous plant."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Edward C. Delevan, Secretary of the New York State Temperance Society,
+says, in a letter just received--"The subject of your Essay is one of
+immense importance to the world and to the temperance cause. The use of
+this vile weed has been the medium of forming the appetite for strong
+drink, and ultimately destroying thousands of the most promising youth
+of our country. You will hardly ever meet with an intemperate person
+without finding him addicted to the use of tobacco. The public only want
+light on this important subject, to act. Your able and convincing
+Disquisition will be the means of doing much good. I hope funds will be
+provided to furnish a copy to each clergyman in the United States. Send
+me one thousand copies of the second edition, as soon as it is from the
+press."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco.--We are anxious to see this work
+extensively circulated, for we are confident that it will do good. The
+pamphlet contains much valuable information, and will be found well
+worth an attentive and frequent perusal."
+
+                                        _The Unionist_, Brooklyn, Conn.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco.--The subject of which this
+pamphlet treats is one which, we are persuaded, has received too small a
+share of attention from those who are laboring to free our land, utterly
+and forever, from the thraldom of intemperance. From our own
+observation, limited as it has been, we are persuaded that the victims
+of intemperance in the use of this poisonous weed are by no means
+inconsiderable in number. Probably Mr. Fowler is correct when he
+estimates the mortality occasioned by the use of tobacco in its various
+forms, at five thousand annually. For ourself we are convinced that the
+suppression of intemperance in spirituous liquors will never be effected
+while the agents and advocates of our Temperance Societies, lecture with
+a pinch of snuff in their fingers and a huge tobacco quid in their
+mouths. Tobacco slays its thousands, and doubtless one tenth of the
+drunkards in our land have become so by first indulging in the use of
+the dirty plant, and thus creating an unnatural thirst that called for
+liquid fire to quench it.
+
+Did our limits permit, we should be glad to give copious extracts from
+Mr. Fowler's discourse."                          _Batharia Palladium._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                                               _Lisbon, Feb. 3d, 1841._
+Mr Fowler--
+
+_Dear Sir_--We have in this county a monthly ministers' meeting.
+
+At the last the use of tobacco was discussed. I was appointed to write
+on the subject, and derived important aid from your Disquisition on
+tobacco. I feel that it is a very happy effort, and calculated to do
+much good, and that it is desirable that it should have a much wider
+circulation.
+
+The thought occurred to me whether it might not be published by the
+Tract Society.
+
+This would give it the widest circulation it could have.
+
+I doubt not but you are desirous of having the greatest amount of good
+accomplished by this effort, and will be ready to extend its circulation
+if possible.
+
+Should it become a Tract, be so good as to inform me--for I should be
+glad to place it in every family in my parish.
+
+                              Fraternally yours,       JOSEPH AYER, Jr.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notice by Dr. Alcott, Editor of the Library of Health.
+
+"A disquisition on the evils of using Tobacco. By Orin Fowler, A. M.
+Second Edition. This pamphlet finds favor, * * * *. While we have the
+kindliest feelings towards those who chew this disgusting substance, we
+hold its use, in every form, in the most unqualified contempt. We care
+not to whom the remark may apply, whether he be farmer, mechanic,
+lawyer, doctor, minister, judge or president; but if in the light which
+Mr. Fowler has shed on the subject, any man should continue to smoke or
+chew tobacco, or take snuff, public opinion ought to frown him out of
+the pale of all civilized society. He that will contribute in any way to
+a tax upon this nation of $25,000,000 a year for such stuff, may well be
+set down as a bad citizen, unless he does it in ignorance."
+
+
+
+
+DISQUISITION.
+
+
+In this age of benevolent action, when much is being done to drive away
+the darkness and delusions of many generations, and to diffuse light and
+truth through the earth; it excites the liveliest joy in every
+philanthropic bosom to witness the triumphant results already achieved.
+Recent efforts to banish the use of intoxicating drinks, have brought
+well nigh half the civilized world to a solemn pause: and the work of
+reformation in this matter of spirit-drinking has gone so far, and is
+yet making such sure progress, that many are rejoicing in the lively
+hope that the day is nigh, even at the doors, when drunkenness, with her
+burning legion of evils, will cease from the earth; and the gospel of
+the grace of God will have free course and be glorified, and the whole
+family of man become temperate, holy and happy. The God of our salvation
+hasten that day apace; that our eyes may see it, and rejoice and be glad
+in it, before we go to the grave.
+
+But ere that day shall fully come, there is much land to be possessed.
+Many a battle must yet be fought,--many a victory must yet be won. Much
+light must yet be poured forth,--much darkness must yet be driven away.
+The world is not yet half reformed. The majority in the best portions of
+the earth--in this country even--are on the side of free indulgence in
+every thing that pleases the appetite.
+
+Intemperance in the use of intoxicating drinks,--and intemperance in the
+use of _tobacco_, in the several forms of _smoking_, _snuffing_ and
+_chewing_; together with several other evils, which I need not here
+specify, are even now predominant.
+
+By intemperance in the use of tobacco, I mean all use of this drug
+except that which is under the direction of enlightened, judicious
+medical advice. With this exception, _entire abstinence_ from this
+narcotic substance constitutes the only safe and genuine
+temperance.--This principle has been adopted extensively, in its
+application to intoxicating drinks; but before it shall be universally
+adopted in that application, it must be applied, and applied
+universally, to the _quid_, and the _pipe_, and the _snuff-box_.
+Rum-drinking will not cease, till tobacco-chewing, and tobacco-smoking,
+and snuff-taking, shall cease. Though all who are attached to the quid,
+the pipe, or the snuff-box, are not attached to the bottle; yet a vast
+multitude become attached to the bottle, and this attachment is
+continued and increased, through the poisonous, bewitching, and debasing
+influence of tobacco.
+
+Moreover, the use of tobacco involves a train of evils, superadded to
+its influence in perpetuating drunkenness, which cries aloud for
+immediate and universal reformation. It is my present purpose to
+consider these evils. And I wish to premise that, in this consideration,
+I shall urge; that it is the duty of every friend of humanity--of every
+lover of his country--of every Christian--and of every minister of
+Christ, to _abstain_, himself, _immediately_, and _forever_, from _all_
+use of tobacco, whether by _chewing_, _smoking_, or _snuffing_, except
+it be _medicinally_; and to use the whole weight of his influence and
+example to persuade others--and especially the young men and maidens of
+this nation--to practice entire abstinence.
+
+I am fully aware that the topic which I have selected, the position
+which I lay down, and the purpose at which I aim, are not popular. But
+what then? Did Clarkson and Wilberforce abandon the cause of the
+enslaved African, when they found that abolition was unpopular in the
+British Senate? Did Columbus abandon his purpose of attempting to
+discover a new world, when he perceived that the noble project of his
+noble soul was unpopular, with princes and people, learned and ignorant?
+Did Jesus Christ abandon his purpose to redeem a world lying in
+wickedness, when it became manifest that his doctrines, and the pure
+benevolence of his holy soul, were unpopular. And has it ever been
+_seemly_ for one of his true and faithful disciples to abandon the cause
+of human happiness, and the soul's everlasting salvation, because the
+work of saving mercy is unpopular?
+
+The theme of our present consideration, is doubtless unpopular.--But we
+_should_ not, we _will_ not, therefore abandon the purpose of exposing
+the evils of smoking, and chewing, and snuffing, that dirty weed, which
+is so hostile to animal life, and so offensive to every creature on
+earth, that no living being but man--and a loathsome worm, called the
+tobacco-worm--will taste, or touch, or handle it.[A]
+
+[A] It has recently been affirmed that there is a dirty goat in South
+America which will eat this dirty plant.
+
+Though it be unpopular to expose the evils of using tobacco; these evils
+are so appalling, it will not do to slumber over them longer.--We must
+look at them; we must lay them open--we must raise our voice against
+them; (we would gladly raise it so high that it should reach every
+family in the nation.) Yes, we must cry aloud and spare not; or give up
+our claim to patriotism, and benevolence.
+
+In approaching this subject, I am not unmindful of the pertinacity with
+which men adhere to old habits. Dr. Rush speaks of a venerable clergyman
+who closed a long sermon, in which he had controverted what he supposed
+an heretical opinion, with these words: "I tell you--I tell you, my
+brethren, I tell you again, that an _old error_ is better than a _new
+truth_." There are few who will assent to this proposition in plain
+terms; but there are thousands upon thousands, who act up to the very
+letter of it, constantly.--The history of man is extensively a history
+of folly, delusion, and sin.
+
+No error has been so absurd as not to find advocates--no habit has been
+so foolish, or so deadly, as not to find martyrs. But of all the
+delusions, which have prevailed among civilized men, there have been
+few--perhaps none, but that of intoxication--so disgusting, so
+inexcusable, so destructive to health, and wealth, and life, as the
+habit which we now ask you to consider.
+
+It will be borne in mind that my position is this; it is the bounden
+duty of every man and every woman to _abstain_, _immediately_, and
+_forever_, from _all use_ of tobacco, whether by _chewing_, _smoking_,
+or _snuffing_ except it be as a medicine. This position I maintain,
+
+I. From a consideration of the _history_ of this loathsome weed.--The
+tobacco plant is a native of America. It was unknown in Europe until
+some time after the discovery of America, by Columbus. It was first
+carried to Europe by Sir Francis Drake, about the year 1560, less than
+three hundred years ago. The natives of this continent called it
+_petun_; the natives of the islands called it _yoli_. The Spaniards gave
+it the name of _tobacco_, from _Tobaco_, a province of Yucatan in
+Mexico, where they first found it, and first learned its use. Its
+botanic name is _Nicotiana_, which it received from John Nicot, then
+Ambassador from Francis II. to Portugal, who brought it from Lisbon, and
+presented some of it to the Queen Catharine de Medicis, and to the Grand
+Prior of the house of Lorraine; whence it was sometimes called the
+Queen's herb, and the Grand Prior's herb.
+
+The practice of smoking it in England, was introduced by Sir Walter
+Raleigh, about the year 1584.
+
+The cultivation of it is not uncommon in various parts of the globe; but
+the seat of its most extensive culture is Virginia and Maryland, in this
+country. In England its cultivation was forbidden--and we believe is
+still forbidden--on penalty of forfeiting forty shillings for every rod
+of ground planted with it.
+
+James I. wrote a treatise against the use of it, which he called his
+"Counterblast to Tobacco." Pope Urban VIII. issued a Bull, to
+excommunicate all who used tobacco in the churches. The civil power in
+Russia, Turkey, and Persia, was early arrayed against it. The King of
+Denmark, who wrote a treatise against tobacco, observes that "merchants
+often lay it in bog-houses, that, becoming impregnated with the volatile
+salts of the excrements, it may be rendered brisker, stronger, and more
+f[oe]tid." It is said to be a fact, that in manufacturing tobacco, it is
+frequently sprinkled with stale urine.
+
+The use of tobacco never was general in Europe; and within the last
+fifty or one hundred years, it has been banished from all the polite
+circles of that part of the world. John Adams, the former President of
+the United States, speaking of his own use of tobacco, and referring to
+his residence in Europe, says: "Twice I gave up the use of it; once when
+Minister at the Court of Hague; and afterwards when Minister at the
+Court of London; for _no such offensive practice is seen there_."
+
+But although the cultivation of tobacco has been forbidden in many
+countries of Europe; and though the manufacture of it is frequently
+attended with circumstances so disgusting and offensive, that the
+modesty of this paper will not permit me to detail them,--and though the
+use of it is abandoned by all the respectable and polished circles of
+Europe; yet in this nation, and among the lower orders abroad, tobacco
+has triumphed: and the only hope of expelling it from our land, lies in
+enlisting against it the power of enlightened public opinion--a mightier
+power than any eastern despot wields.
+
+Now from this brief sketch of the history of tobacco, it appears that it
+was unknown to all the civilized world, till within three hundred years;
+and that even now, all the polished and enlightened portion of community
+abroad--and we add, a very respectable portion at home--have no
+fellowship with the filthy weed. And can any man justify himself in the
+daily use of a disgusting plant, against the practice, opinion, and
+remonstrances of so large a portion of the civilized world? Can he be
+discharging the obligations of his duty, and enjoying the full amount of
+his privilege, while he suffers himself to be a bond-slave to his quid,
+his pipe, or his snuff-box? Either an important article of the vegetable
+kingdom, lay hid from the civilized world nearly six thousand years; or
+since its discovery, the lovers of tobacco have formed an entirely
+erroneous opinion of its properties. In the sequel, I trust it will
+appear, that so far from possessing _valuable_ properties, it is one of
+the most _noxious_ weeds that grows; that, as an article of medicine, it
+possesses scarcely a redeeming quality; and that, though it was not made
+in vain, if the world had remained ignorant of it six thousand years
+longer, no cause of regret would have been occasioned.
+
+I maintain the position I have laid down,
+
+II. From a consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon the
+_health_ and _constitution_ of men.
+
+In considering this point, let us examine the _properties_ of this
+weed,--the prominent diseases which the use of it induces,--and the
+_experiences_ of unprejudiced observers. The properties of tobacco are
+decidedly _poisonous_. In proof of this assertion, I appeal to ample and
+unquestionable authority.
+
+Professor Hitchcock says, "I group _alcohol_, _opium_ and _tobacco_
+together, as alike to be rejected; because they agree in being
+_poisonous_ in their natures." "In popular language," says he, "alcohol
+is classed among the stimulants, and opium and tobacco among the
+narcotics, whose ultimate effect upon the animal system is to produce
+stupor and insensibility." He says, "Most of the powerful vegetable
+poisons, such as hen-bane, hemlock, thorn-apple, prussic acid, deadly
+night-shade, fox-glove and poison sumach, have an effect on the animal
+system scarcely to be distinguished from that of opium and _tobacco_.
+They impair the organs of digestion, and may bring on fatuity, palsy,
+delirium, or apoplexy," He says, "In those not accustomed to it,
+_tobacco_ excites nausea, vomiting, dizziness, indigestion, mental
+dejection, and in short, the whole train of _nervous_ complaints."
+
+Dr. Rees, in his Cyclopedia, says; "A drop or two of the chemical oil of
+tobacco, being put upon the tongue of a cat, produces violent
+convulsions, and death itself in the space of a minute."
+
+Dr. Hossack classes _tobacco_ with opium, ether, mercury, and other
+articles of the materia medica. He calls tobacco a "_fashionable
+poison_," in the various forms in which that narcotic is employed.--He
+says, "The great increase of dyspepsia; the late alarming frequency of
+apoplexy, palsy, epilepsy, and other diseases of the nervous system; is
+attributable, in part, to the use of tobacco."
+
+Dr. Waterhouse says that Linnæus, in his natural arrangement, has placed
+tobacco in the class _Luridæ_--which signifies, pale, ghastly, livid,
+dismal and fatal. "To the same ominous class," he adds, "belong
+fox-glove, hen-bane, deadly night-shade, lobelia, and another poisonous
+plant, bearing the tremendous name Atropa, one of the furies." He says,
+"When tobacco is taken into the stomach for the first time, it creates
+nausea and extreme disgust. If swallowed, it excites violent convulsions
+of the stomach and of the bowels to eject the poison either upward or
+downward. If it be not very speedily and entirety ejected, it produces
+great anxiety, vertigo, faintness, and prostration of all the senses;
+and, in some instances, death has followed." The oil of this plant, he
+adds, is one of the strongest vegetable poisons, insomuch that we know
+of no animal that can resist its mortal effects. Moreover, says Dr.
+Waterhouse, after a long and honorable course of practice, "I never
+observed so many pallid faces, and so many marks of declining health;
+nor ever knew so many hectical habits, and consumptive affections, as of
+late years; and I trace this alarming inroad on young constitutions,
+_principally_ to the pernicious custom of smoking cigars."
+
+Professor Graham says "Tobacco is one of the most _powerful_ and _deadly
+poisons_ in the vegetable kingdom." "Its effects on the living tissues
+of the animal system," he adds, "are always to destroy life; as the
+experiments made on pigeons, cats, and other animals abundantly prove."
+
+The Editors of the Journal of Health say, "Tobacco is in fact an
+absolute poison. A very moderate quantity introduced into the system,
+even applying the moistened leaves to the stomach, has been known very
+suddenly to extinguish life. In whatever form it may be employed, a
+portion of the active principles of tobacco, mixed with the saliva,
+invariably finds its way to the stomach, and disturbs or impairs the
+functions of that organ. Hence most, if not all, who are accustomed to
+the use of tobacco, labor under dyspeptic symptoms. Our advice is to
+desist immediately and entirely from the use of tobacco in every form,
+and in any quantity, however small. A reform, to be efficacious, must be
+entire and complete."
+
+Dr. Warren says, "The common belief that tobacco is beneficial to the
+teeth, is entirely erroneous; on the contrary, by its poisonous and
+relaxing qualities, it is positively injurious." Says another physician,
+"Though snuff has been prescribed for the head-ache, catarrh, and some
+species of opthalmia, and sometimes with good effect; yet in all cases
+where its use is _continued_, it not only fails of its medical effect,
+but commits great ravages on the whole nervous system, superinducing
+hypochondria, tremors, a thickening of the voice, and premature decay of
+all the intellectual powers."
+
+As a diuretic, Dr. Fowler, and others, have found it in some cases to be
+valuable. Its narcotic properties have sometimes assuaged the
+tooth-ache; but it always hastens the destruction of the teeth. But of
+all substances in pharmacy, there seems to be a general agreement among
+medical writers, that tobacco, though occasionally beneficial, is the
+most unmanageable, and used with the least confidence.
+
+A multitude of cases, confirming these views, have actually occurred;
+two or three of which I will cite. A clergyman, who commenced the use of
+tobacco in youth, says, "that no very injurious consequences were
+experienced till he entered the ministry, when his system began to feel
+its dreadful effects. His voice, his appetite, and his strength failed;
+and he was sorely afflicted with sickness at the stomach, indigestion,
+emaciation, melancholy, and a prostration of the whole nervous system.
+All this," says he, "I attribute to the pernicious habit of smoking and
+chewing tobacco." At length he abandoned the quid and the pipe. His
+voice, appetite, and strength were soon restored; all aches subsided,
+and in a little time general health was enjoyed.
+
+Another clergyman writes, "I thank God, and I thank you, for your advice
+to abandon smoking; my strength has doubled since I relinquished this
+abominable practice."
+
+A respectable gentleman in middle life, who commenced chewing tobacco at
+the age of eighteen, was long afflicted with depression of spirits,
+great emaciation, and the usual dyspeptic symptoms.--All attempts to
+relieve him were fruitless, till he was persuaded to dispense with his
+quid. Immediately his spirits revived, and he soon regained his
+health.[A]
+
+[A] Extracts in point might here be given from numerous letters received
+by the Author, since the publication of the first edition; but it is
+unnecessary.
+
+Cases of reform and cure are occurring by thousands, every year, all
+over the land. Let every lover of tobacco, who is afflicted with
+_dyspepsia_, and nervous maladies, _reform_, immediately and entirely;
+and let him adopt a simple and rational system of diet, regimen, and
+employment; and in nine cases out of ten, he may hope to enjoy good
+health, and live long to bless the world.
+
+The conclusion from all this evidence is established, that tobacco _is_
+an _active poison_; that its constant use induces the most distressing
+and fatal diseases; and that, as a medicine, it is rarely needful, and
+never used, even _medicinally_, with entire confidence. This loathsome
+weed, then, should not be used, even _medicinally_, except in extreme
+cases, and then in the hands of a skillful physician. For every man--and
+especially for every boy, who has hardly entered his teens--to take this
+poison into his own hands, and determine for himself how much he will
+use, is as preposterous, as if he were to take upon himself to deal out
+arsenic, corrosive sublimate, or calomel.
+
+No man can devote himself to the pipe, the quid, or the snuff-box,
+without certain injury to his health and constitution. He may not
+perceive the injury at once, on account of immediate exhilaration; but
+complicated chronic complaints will creep upon him apace, making life a
+burden, and issuing in premature dissolution. And just so certain as it
+is our duty to do no murder,--to use all lawful means to preserve our
+lives, and the lives of others; as certain is it our duty and our
+privilege to practice _entire abstinence_ from the use of tobacco.
+
+I maintain the position I have laid down,
+
+III. From the consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon the
+_intellect_.
+
+Here, again, let Professor Hitchcock speak. Says he, "Intoxicating
+drinks, opium and tobacco, exert a pernicious influence upon the
+intellect. They tend directly to debilitate the organs; and we cannot
+take a more effectual course to cloud the understanding, weaken the
+memory, unfix the attention, and confuse all the mental operations, than
+by thus entailing upon ourselves the whole hateful train of nervous
+maladies. These can bow down to the earth an intellect of giant
+strength, and make it grind in bondage, like Sampson shorn of his locks
+and deprived of his vision. The use of tobacco may seem to soothe the
+feelings, and quicken the operations of the mind; but to what purpose is
+it that the machine is furiously running and buzzing after the balance
+wheel is taken off?"
+
+The late Gov. Sullivan, speaking of the use of tobacco, says, "It has
+never failed to render me dull and heavy, to interrupt my usual
+alertness of thought, and to weaken the powers of my mind in analyzing
+subjects and defining ideas."
+
+The actual loss of _intellectual_ power, which tobacco has hitherto
+occasioned, and is still causing, in this Christian nation, is immense.
+How immense, it is impossible accurately to calculate. Many a man who
+might have been a giant, has not risen above mediocrity; and many a man
+who might have been respectable and useful, has sunk into obscurity, and
+buried his talents in the earth. This is a consideration of deepest
+interest to every philanthropist, patriot, and Christian in the land,
+and especially to all our youth. We live at a time, and under
+circumstances, which call for the exertion of all our intellectual
+strength, cultivated, improved and sanctified, to the highest measure of
+possibility. Error, ignorance, and sin, must be met and vanquished; they
+must be met and vanquished by light and love. The eye of angels is upon
+us,--the eye of God is upon us,--and shall we fetter, and palsy, and
+ruin our intellectual capabilities, for the paltry pleasure of using one
+of the most poisonous, loathsome, and destructive weeds found in the
+whole vegetable kingdom? Let us rather shake off this abominable
+practice, and rise, as individuals and as a nation, in all our
+intellectual potency,--and let us go forth from day to day, to the noble
+purposes of our destiny, untrammelled by the quid, or the pipe, or the
+snuff-box; and before another generation shall lie down in the grave,
+our efforts and our example may cause the light of human science, and
+the light of civil and religious liberty, and the light of Bible truth,
+to blaze through all our valleys, and over all our hills, from
+Greenland to Cape Horn,--and with a lustre that shall illumine the
+world.
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+IV. From a consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon public
+and private _morals_.
+
+The ruinous effects of tobacco upon public and private morals, are seen
+in the idle, sauntering habits, which the use of it engenders,--in the
+benumbing, grovelling, stupid sensations which it induces,--but
+especially in perpetuating and extending the practice of using
+intoxicating drinks.
+
+Governor Sullivan has truly said, "that the tobacco pipe excites a
+demand for an extraordinary quantity of some beverage to supply the
+waste of glandular secretion, in proportion to the expense of saliva;
+and ardent spirits are the common substitutes; and the smoker is often
+reduced to a state of dram drinking, and finishes his life as a sot."
+
+Dr. Agnew has truly said, that "the use of the pipe leads to the
+immoderate use of ardent spirits."
+
+Dr. Rush has truly said, "that smoking and chewing tobacco, by rendering
+water and other simple liquors insipid to the taste, dispose very much
+to the stronger stimulus of ardent spirits; hence [says he] the practice
+of smoking cigars, has been followed by the use of brandy and water as
+common drink."
+
+A writer in the Genius of Temperance, says that his practice of smoking
+and chewing the filthy weed, "produced a continual thirst for
+stimulating drinks; and this tormenting thirst [says he] led me into the
+habit of drinking ale, porter, brandy, and other kinds of spirit, even
+to the extent, at times, of partial intoxication." He adds, "I reformed;
+and after I had subdued this appetite for tobacco, I lost all desire for
+stimulating drinks."
+
+Now the fact that some chew, and smoke, and snuff without becoming sots,
+proves nothing against the general principle, that it is the natural
+tendency of using tobacco to promote intoxication. Probably _one tenth_,
+at least, of all the drunkards annually made in the nation, and
+throughout the world, are made drunkards through the use of tobacco. If
+thirty thousand drunkards are made annually in the United States, three
+thousand must be charged to the use of tobacco. If thirty thousand
+drunkards die annually, in the United States, three thousand of these
+deaths must be charged to the use of tobacco. If twenty thousand
+criminals are sentenced to our penitentiaries in twenty years, through
+the influence of strong drink, two thousand must be charged to the use
+of tobacco. If fifty-six millions of gallons of ardent spirits have been
+annually consumed in this country, five and a half millions must be
+charged to the use of tobacco. And of all the Sabbath-breaking,
+profanity, quarrelling, and crime of every description, caused by the
+use of intoxicating drink; a tithe must be charged to the use of
+tobacco. And what friend of good morals,--what friend of man,--what
+friend of his country,--what friend of Christ and true religion,--and
+especially, what friend of the temperance cause,--can look at these
+results with the eye of candor and compassion for his fellow-men, and
+then not deliberately resolve that he will never chew another quid, nor
+smoke another whiff, nor snuff another pinch of the dirty weed?
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+V. From a consideration of the amazing _waste of property_, which the
+use of tobacco involves. On this point I have been unable to obtain the
+means for making out a perfectly accurate statistical result. I can only
+approximate a definite calculation. This approximation, however, will
+serve all the purposes of this argument.
+
+We will examine _three items_: the _cost_ of the article,--the _time_
+wasted by the use of it,--and the _pauperism_ it occasions. From a
+statement lately furnished me from the Treasury department of our
+National Government, exhibiting the quantity and value of cigars and
+snuff, exported from and imported into the United States, annually, from
+1st October, 1820 to 30th September, 1832, it appears that the value of
+cigars imported into the United States in 1821, was $113,601. In 1827 it
+was $174,931. In 1832 it was $473,134; while from the same document it
+appears that the value of cigars exported, in each of those years, was
+about one quarter the value of imports.
+
+Hence it appears that, in 1832, about half a million of dollars were
+paid for imported cigars; while in 1821, only $113,601 were paid; being
+more than a four-fold increase in eleven years. Whether there has been a
+corresponding increase in the value of domestic cigars consumed, I have
+no means of determining. From the fact of so prodigious an increase of
+imported cigars, I am led to fear that the evil of cigar smoking has
+increased in this country within ten years, far more rapidly than the
+increase of population. From this treasury document, it appears also,
+that in 1824, the value of unmanufactured tobacco exported from the
+United States, was
+
+                                                          $4,855,566
+ Of manufactured tobacco, the value was                    2,477,990
+ Of snuff,                                                   203,789
+                                                          ----------
+ Making a total of                                        $7,537,345
+
+In 1832, the value of unmanufactured tobacco exported,
+ was                                                      $5,999,769
+ Of manufactured tobacco,                                  3,456,071
+ Of snuff,                                                   295,771
+                                                          ----------
+ Making a total of                                        $9,751,611
+ for 1832, and an increase from the year 1824, of         $2,214,266
+
+Whether the quantity consumed in this country equals the quantity
+exported, or exceeds that quantity, I have no data enabling me to give a
+definite answer. But from the fact that large quantities of tobacco are
+raised in various other parts of the world, for foreign consumption; and
+from the fact that the people of this country are, above all other
+people under the sun, a chewing, smoking, snuffing people; I have very
+little doubt that the amount used in this country is double that
+exported. If so, the sum total paid annually, for this vile weed, in
+this christian country, is $19,503,222. But as I wish in this
+examination, to put the estimate _below_ rather than _above_ the truth,
+I will set down the value of tobacco, cigars, and snuff, consumed
+annually in this nation, as equal to the amount exported; that is, in
+round numbers, $10,000,000.
+
+That this is a very _low_ estimate, will appear by another conclusive
+calculation.
+
+According to the census of 1830, the population of the U. States, over
+twenty years of age, is about six millions. Suppose one in four of our
+adult population, use tobacco in some form; (and this is a very moderate
+supposition,) it gives one million, five hundred thousand: and suppose
+one in twelve of those who have not reached the age of twenty, use it;
+it gives five hundred thousand more: making a total of two millions--or
+one sixth of our population--who use tobacco in some form.
+
+Now suppose the expense to the consumers of this noxious drug, varies
+according to the quantity, and mode of using it. The expense to some is
+two dollars a year, to some it is five, and to others ten, twenty, and
+even fifty dollars a year. A laboring man, of my acquaintance, who did
+not use tobacco extravagantly, and only by chewing, told me that it cost
+him five dollars a year. A young lady of my acquaintance, says her snuff
+costs eight dollars a year. If a man pay three cents a day for cigars,
+it amounts to ten dollars, ninety-five cents a year. If he pay six
+cents, it amounts to twenty-one dollars, ninety cents a year. If he pay
+twelve and a half cents, it amounts to forty-four dollars, sixty-two
+cents a year.
+
+It is the opinion of good judges, that very many, who smoke freely and
+use Spanish cigars, pay more than fifty dollars a year for this foolish
+gratification.
+
+King James, in his "Counterblast," says, "Some of the gentry of this
+land, bestow three, some four hundred pounds a year, upon this precious
+stink."
+
+It will certainly be a moderate calculation to put down one quarter of
+the consumers at two dollars a year,--one quarter at five,--one quarter
+at eight,--and one quarter at ten dollars a year. Then the several items
+will stand thus:--
+
+ Half a million at two dollars, is      $1,000,000
+ Half a million at five dollars, is      2,500,000
+ Half a million at eight dollars, is     4,000,000
+ Half a million at ten dollars, is       5,000,000
+                                         _________
+                              Total,   $12,500,000.
+
+Again: the amount of tobacco annually consumed in France, as appears
+from authentic documents, is about seven millions of pounds; which is
+about one pound to every four persons. The amount annually consumed in
+England, as appears from authentic documents, is about seventeen
+millions; which is about one pound to every man, woman and child, in
+that nation.[A] In the United States, probably there are eight times as
+much used as in France, and three times as much as in England, in
+proportion to our population. If so, the quantity used in this country
+cannot fall short of thirty-five millions of pounds;[B] which, at thirty
+cents a pound, amounts to ten and a half millions of dollars; not
+including cigars and snuff, which cost half as much more; making the
+total sum fifteen and three fourths millions of dollars. And this
+enormous sum is doubtless _below_ what the article actually cost the
+consumers.
+
+[A] The tobacco imported and used for home consumption in Great Britain
+and Ireland in 1832, amounted to 20,313,651 pounds--the duty on which
+was 15,300,000 dollars.
+
+[B] 1,765,000 pounds of tobacco passed up the Erie Canal in seven and a
+half months in 1834.
+
+From these _three_ results, we believe there cannot be a doubt that the
+actual expense of tobacco, in its various forms, to the consumers in
+this country, may safely be set down at _ten millions of dollars a
+year_.
+
+The amount of _time_ lost by the consumers of tobacco, is another item
+of no inconsiderable moment. Some spend two, three, and four hours a day
+in this vile indulgence. To all who use the article, in any way, it
+occasions the loss of more or less time. If we put down the average
+amount at half an hour a day; and reckon the time thus lost at four
+cents an hour, it will amount--not reckoning Sabbaths--to six dollars,
+twenty-six cents a year, for each individual; which, for the whole
+company of consumers, is an amount of $12,520,000.
+
+The _pauperism_ which tobacco occasions, is another fearful item.
+Multitudes who are scarcely able to procure the necessaries of life,
+will shift, by sacrificing health and comfort, to procure the daily
+_quantum sufficit_ of tobacco. Many very poor families use tobacco, in
+all ways. Now suppose a poor family use twenty-five cents' worth of
+tobacco a week; it will amount to twelve dollars fifty cents a
+year,--and in fifty years, reckoning principal and interest, it will
+amount to three thousand five hundred and fifty-two dollars.
+
+Just look at this tax for snuff and tobacco, in a single aspect more.
+Many think it will make _no_ man the poorer, to pay six cents a day for
+this indulgence. It will make _every_ man the poorer. Let any young
+mechanic, or farmer, or merchant, consume six and a quarter cents' worth
+of this drug a day--beginning at twenty years of age, and continuing
+until he is sixty years old--and the sum total, reckoning principal and
+interest, will amount, in these forty years, to three thousand five
+hundred and twenty-nine dollars, thirty-six cents.
+
+If the _cost_ of tobacco,--the _neglect of business_ which it
+occasions,--the expense of the _pipes_ and the _boxes_, and the various
+_apparatus_ which the use of it involves,--and the _intoxication_ to
+which it leads,--all be reckoned up, the amount of _pauperism_ which
+this weed brings upon the nation, cannot be less than one quarter of the
+sum total of all our pauperism. And the sum total of the pauperism in
+this nation, has been shown, again and again, to be not less than twelve
+millions of dollars, annually. Hence the pauper tax, occasioned by the
+use of tobacco, may be set down at three millions of dollars, annually.
+
+ Here we have, then, the _expense_ of tobacco,  $10,000,000
+ The _time_ lost by the use of it,              $12,520,000
+ The _pauper tax_ which it occasions,            $3,000,000
+                                                ___________
+                                       Total,   $25,520,000
+
+To this sum should be added one-tenth of the waste of property, which
+strong drink occasions; inasmuch as one-tenth of the rum-drinking must
+be charged to tobacco. Now, it has been estimated that the whole cost of
+strong drink used annually, in this country, amounts to one hundred and
+twenty-five millions of dollars; a tenth of which is twelve and a half
+millions of dollars. If this tithe be added to the above estimate, it
+will make the sum total thirty-eight and a half millions. But as I
+intend my estimates shall be _moderate_, I will say nothing of the waste
+of property which tobacco occasions in connection with strong drink. I
+will put down the sum total as above twenty-five millions of dollars.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars, consumed by the use of tobacco, in this
+Christian nation, annually; and not a little of it by professors of
+religion, and ministers of the gospel, who are required by their Lord
+and Master to deny themselves,--to take up their cross,--to let their
+light shine before men, that they may see their good works, and glorify
+our Father in heaven. Nearly the whole of this twenty-five millions of
+dollars is a _dead loss_ to the nation; yes, it is infinitely _worse_
+than a dead loss; it not only does no good, but it actually goes to make
+fools and beggars, idlers and sots,--to purchase dyspepsia, early graves
+and everlasting shame. And what would this vast amount of property
+accomplish, if saved and devoted to useful purposes.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars annually, if applied to the improvement
+of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and to the advancement of
+the arts, sciences, and true religion, would accomplish everything for
+this nation, that the enlightened patriot and true Christian can ask
+for.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, would soon furnish canals,
+and rail-roads, and all other desirable facilities for
+intercommunication throughout the nation. Twenty-five millions of
+dollars, annually, would sustain all our colleges, academies and other
+schools, and all the religious and benevolent institutions of this whole
+country. It would rear seminaries of learning in every State where they
+are needed; and it would plant a Sabbath school, with a sufficient
+library in every school district.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, if applied in all feasible
+and suitable ways, would give freedom, with all the blessings of
+Christianity to the colored race in our own country, and throughout the
+continent of Africa in a very few years: and would terminate slavery and
+the slave-trade in every part of the world.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars annually, would send forth to the
+nations now perishing in heathen darkness, ten thousand missionaries,
+and five millions of tracts, every year, provided the men could be
+found.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, would, in five years, furnish
+all the money necessary to carry into complete execution, that noble
+purpose of the American Bible Society, of giving a copy of the Bible,
+within a specified time, to every accessible family on the earth. And
+what friend of man is there among us,--what patriot is there,--what
+Christian is there,--who can look at these truths, and not make up his
+mind to abandon all use of tobacco, _forever_; and to exert the whole
+weight of his influence and example to persuade others to do the same?
+
+I am aware, indeed, that it may be said, if the whole company of
+tobacco-chewers, smokers, and snuffers, should at once abandon all use
+of this weed, and thus withdraw their whole patronage, this twenty-five
+millions of dollars, which now gives wealth to many a man engaged in
+growing, manufacturing, and vending the poison, would be so much capital
+unemployed; and the means of living would be cut off from many a
+family,--and bankruptcy, and wretchedness would be the consequent
+portion of many an individual. This may be true. And it may be true,
+too, that the like consequences would follow the universal abandonment
+of intoxicating liquors. But what then? Shall one sixth part of the
+nation continue to use this poison, because, forsooth, the _producers_
+and _venders_ of it will lose their profits if it be abandoned? Shall
+the _intellect_, and _health_, and _comfort_, and _wealth_, and _lives_
+of hundreds and thousands of our fellow citizens, be sacrificed yearly;
+and widows and orphans be multiplied by scores and fifties, in every
+section of this wide-spreading country; and one of the prominent
+auxiliaries of _intemperance_,--and consequently of _crime_, and
+_insanity_, and _eternal woe_--be cherished; and twenty-five millions of
+dollars be _wasted_, and worse than wasted; and all this, that the
+_producers_ and _venders_ may feed and fatten on the gains? This
+objection lies equally against the temperance reform and every other
+reform, where cupidity and avarice are involved.
+
+As to the producers, it is affirmed on good authority, that hemp and
+corn, and other useful articles may be substituted without loss, and
+even with advantage. As to the venders, their capital may all be
+profitably employed upon valuable merchandise, without damage. But if it
+were not so; where _health_, _life_, and _happiness_ are involved, no
+good man can hesitate. The path of duty is plain. We are bound to walk
+in it, even though it run counter to the gains of those engaged in
+unlawful commerce.
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+VI. From a consideration of the _mortality_ which tobacco occasions.
+
+Some of my readers may be startled at this consideration. They may not
+have dreamed, even, that tobacco _kills_ any body. So insidious are the
+effects of this poison, and so insensible have the community been to its
+abominations, that very few have regarded the use of tobacco as the
+cause of swelling our bills of mortality. But though appalling, it is
+nevertheless true, that tobacco carries vast multitudes to the grave,
+all over our country, every year. Says Dr. Salmon, "I am confident more
+people have died of apoplexies, since the use of snuff in one year, than
+have died of that disease in an hundred years before; and most, if not
+all, whom I have observed to die, of late of that disease, were extreme
+and constant snuff-takers." The late Rev. Dr. Samuel Cooper, of Boston,
+by constant use of snuff, brought on a disorder of the head, which was
+thought to have ended his days. A very large quantity of hardened Scotch
+snuff was found, by a _post mortem_ examination, between the external
+nose and the brain. The late Gov. Sullivan, speaking of Gov. Hancock,
+the early President of Congress, says, "Gov. Hancock was an immoderate
+chewer of tobacco; but being a well-bred man, and a perfect gentleman,
+he, from a sense of decorum, refrained from spitting in company, or in
+well-dressed rooms. This produced the habit of swallowing the juice of
+the tobacco, the consequence of which was, his stomach became inactive,
+and a natural appetite seldom returned; the agreeable sensations of
+hunger could not be experienced but by the use of stimulants, to satisfy
+which he swallowed more food than his digestive powers could dispose of.
+This derangement in chylification increased his gout, his stomach became
+paralytic, and he died at the age of fifty-eight."
+
+Again, says Governor Sullivan, "My own brother, the active General
+Sullivan, began early in life to take snuff. It injured essentially a
+fine voice which he possessed as a public speaker. When he was an
+officer in the American army, he carried his snuff loose in his pocket.
+He said he did this because the opening of a snuff-box in the field of
+review, or on the field of battle, was inconvenient. At times he had
+violent pains in the head; the intervals grew shorter and shorter, and
+the returns more violent, when his sufferings ended in a stroke of
+palsy, which rendered him insensible to pain, made him helpless and
+miserable, and lodged him in the grave before he was fifty years of age;
+and I have no doubt [says the Governor,] but all this sprung from the
+use of snuff." He adds, "I have known some persons live to old age, in
+the extravagant use of tobacco; but they bear a small proportion to
+those who, by the habit of using tobacco, have been swept into the grave
+in _early_ or _middle_ life."
+
+Professor Silliman mentions two affecting cases of young men, in the
+Institution with which he is connected, who were carried to an early
+grave by tobacco. One of them, he says, entered college with an athletic
+frame; but he acquired the habit of using tobacco, and would sit and
+smoke by the hour together. His friends tried to persuade him to quit
+the practice; but he loved his lust, and would have it, live or die: the
+consequence was, he went down to the grave, a suicide.
+
+One of the German periodicals says, the chief German physiologists
+compute, that of twenty deaths of men between eighteen and twenty-five,
+ten, that is, one half, originate in the waste of the constitution by
+smoking. They declare, also, with much truth, that tobacco burns out the
+_blood_, the _teeth_, the _eyes_, and the _brain_.
+
+To this unequivocal testimony, which is confirmed by the observation of
+every intelligent person who has turned his attention to this matter,
+much more might be added; but it is unnecessary. How large a proportion
+of the twenty thousand deaths--reckoning one death to a hundred
+souls--which occur annually, among the two millions of tobacco consumers
+in this country, are to be charged to the use of this deadly narcotic, I
+am unable definitely to determine. If we suppose one quarter of these
+deaths to be caused by tobacco, it will give us the number of five
+thousand. Five thousand deaths in these United States, every year from
+the use of tobacco! and this is doubtless far below the actual number.
+Five thousand valuable lives sacrificed in this enlightened land,
+annually, in the use of a dirty plant, that no living creature, except
+man and the tobacco worm, will touch, or taste, or handle. Five thousand
+men and women carried to the grave, yearly, by a poisonous weed, which
+does _no good_, and which, for filthiness and disgust, scarcely has its
+parallel in the whole vegetable kingdom. Is there a _Christian_,--is
+there a _patriot_,--is there a _friend_ of humanity,--is there an
+_individual_, that values his own probationary existence,--who can look
+at the sweeping mortality which tobacco brings upon the nation, and
+longer indulge his attachment to his quid, his pipe or his snuff-box? Is
+there one who will pause and look at this matter, and not resolve that
+he will, _forthwith_, _entirely_, and _forever_, abandon a practice
+which does so much to people the grave?
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+VII.--From a consideration of the _apologies_ of the lovers of tobacco.
+
+I call them _apologies_. They cannot be considered _reasons_. Almost
+every lover of the dirty weed, feels that he needs an apology. One will
+tell us he has a cold, watery stomach, and he thinks that tobacco, by
+promoting expectoration, relieves the difficulty. Another will tell us
+he is very much troubled with indigestion, and he thinks tobacco
+relieves the difficulty; though, in truth, tobacco is the very worst
+drug he could use to relieve that disease, and is among the primordial
+causes of inducing it. Another will tell us that he is afflicted with
+the rising of his food after eating, and he thinks tobacco gives
+immediate relief; not suspecting, perhaps, that this rising of the food
+is occasioned by over eating. Another will tell us he has a distressing
+difficulty in the head, and brain, and he thinks a little good Scotch
+snuff affords relief; as though the filling the pores, and cavities of
+the head, and clogging up the brain, with this dirty stuff, would remove
+a disease which in most cases it originates.
+
+Others use tobacco to preserve the teeth; and this, though it is a
+solemn truth, that many a one loses his teeth by smoking and chewing
+the poisonous plant. Others, again, use tobacco to excite the mind to
+more vigorous intellectual effort. But when and where do we find great
+lovers of tobacco great students, and intellectual giants? Dr. Rush
+says, "I suspect tobacco is oftener used for the _want_ of ideas, than
+to excite them." There are some whose apology for using tobacco is, that
+it guards them against the power of contagious diseases. But Dr. Rees
+affirms that tobacco does not contain an antidote against contagion, and
+that, in general, it has no antiseptic power; and is therefore of no
+special use. There is another class still, who use tobacco because it
+soothes the irksomeness of life. They fear solitude; and to prevent
+self-examination, and to while away their probation time, they fly to
+the _pipe_, _quid_, and _snuff-box_; and soon, by an easy transition, to
+the wine-glass and brandy-bottle.
+
+These are the _usual apologies_ of the devotees to tobacco. And what do
+they amount to? In truth, the common opinion that tobacco is good for
+the head-ache,--weak eyes,--cold and watery stomachs,--the preservation
+of the teeth,--and the like, is sheer delusion. Let every man and woman,
+who would live long, and usefully, and happily, awake from this
+delusion; and let no one, as he values health, life, and salvation,
+_taste_, _touch_, or _handle_, the filthy poison.
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+VIII, AND LASTLY.--From a consideration of the _eternal ruin_ which
+tobacco occasions. On this point, a word or two only, will suffice. That
+tobacco carries many a soul down to the pit of eternal woe, is manifest
+from its connection with drunkenness, and from its inducing disease and
+death. Every man who dies a drunkard, and every man who, knowingly and
+recklessly, brings upon himself disease and death through the influence
+of tobacco, is a _suicide_. And drunkards and suicides cannot inherit
+the kingdom of God. How many will at last, ascribe their eternal ruin to
+alcohol and tobacco, cannot now be told.
+
+That it will be a great multitude, (perhaps a great multitude which no
+man can number,) we have no reason to doubt.
+
+What then, I ask, _ought_ to be _done_? What _can_ be done? What _must_
+be done? If this poisonous narcotic be of _recent_ origin; if it be
+ruinous to the _health_ and _constitution_, and _intellect_, and
+_public_ and _private morals_; if it occasions an amazing _waste of
+property_,--and a multitude of _deaths_,--and _eternal ruin_ to many
+precious souls; and if it do no good,--and there be no _apology_ for
+using it, which will bear examination; then _something ought to be
+done_, and it ought to be done _immediately_. And, _only one_ thing need
+be done. And that _can_ be done, and it ought to be done. It is
+this:--_tobacco can be abandoned_. And if moral influence enough can be
+enlisted, it _will_ be abandoned.
+
+TOTAL ABSTINENCE is the only sure remedy. TOTAL ABSTINENCE will deliver
+us from all the evils which this weed has brought down upon individuals
+and families, and the nation.--Nothing else will do it. And total
+abstinence can be adopted and practiced. True; in some cases, it may
+cost an _effort_; but, in every instance, three weeks' perseverance will
+overcome the habit. Three weeks' _total abstinence_, will disenthrall
+every victim, and give him the prospect of _freedom_, _plenty_,
+_health_, and _happiness_. And shall this effort be made? A _mighty_
+effort it must be, to liberate and save this whole nation--and
+especially our young men and maidens--from the curses of the _quid_, the
+_pipe_, and the _snuff-box_.
+
+I appeal to my fellow citizens. I appeal to the _nation_, and the _whole
+nation_. _Shall_ the effort be made?
+
+I appeal to _patriots_. Patriotism forbids the man who loves his
+country, to shrink from any personal sacrifice, if he can thereby arrest
+some great national evil. That the use of tobacco is a great national
+evil, appears from the considerations which have been laid before you.
+It has been shown that tobacco is weakening the physical and mental
+energies of this nation,--that it is depraving our morals, and
+destroying the public conscience,--and that it is causing an amazing
+waste of property, and health and life. I ask every patriot to look at
+this portentous evil. Every true patriot, who will examine the length,
+breadth, and depth of this evil, cannot but feel that it claims his
+attention. And he will enquire what efforts, what sacrifices, can
+deliver us from the curses of this narcotic? The answer to this inquiry
+is an _easy_ answer,--the effort is an _easy_ effort,--the sacrifice is
+an _easy_ sacrifice. Let every true patriot in our country abstain from
+the poison, _immediately_, _entirely_, and _forever_; and let him use
+the whole weight of his influence and example to persuade others--and
+especially the young men and maidens of this republic--to practice
+entire abstinence; and the work will soon be done. We put the question
+to every true patriot: _will you do it_?
+
+I appeal to _Christians_. Your religion requires you to abstain from the
+very appearance of evil. It requires you to deny yourselves, to take up
+your cross, and to follow Christ through evil, as well as through good
+report. Is there no appearance of evil, in the use of tobacco? Can the
+Christian deny himself and follow Christ, with the quid, or pipe in his
+mouth, or the contents of the snuff-box in his nose? If Christ himself,
+were here on earth, in this age of action, when six hundred millions of
+men, for whom he died, are perishing for lack of vision--think you he
+would waste a single cent of _property_, or a single moment of _time_,
+or a single ounce of health and mental energy, in the habitual use of
+this narcotic? Would he _handle_, _touch_, or _taste_, the poison? And
+will _you_, whose names are written in his book,--_you_, who have been
+bought with his blood, and sanctified through his grace, and made heirs
+of all the riches of his kingdom,--_you_, whom he requires to be
+_examples_ in all things,--will you _handle_, or _touch_ or _taste_ it?
+Let every Christian in our country, abstain from this poison,
+_immediately_, _entirely_, and _forever_; and let him use the whole
+weight of his influence and example, to persuade others to practice
+_entire abstinence_; and this work of reform will soon be done. We put
+the question to every true Christian: _will you do it_?
+
+I appeal to the _youth_ of both sexes. You are the flower and the hope
+not only of this nation, but of all nations struggling for freedom. The
+destinies of this republic are about being placed, under God, in your
+hands; and inasmuch as all the friends of freedom, everywhere, are
+looking up to our institutions for light and aid, the destinies of the
+world will rest with a mightier weight of responsibility upon your
+shoulders, than upon any other generation that has come forth upon the
+stage of action, for twenty centuries. The importance of sound and
+enlightened principles--of pure and elevated examples, and independent
+and decided action in _you_, is above all estimation. You are placed in
+the moral Thermopylæ of the world. The evils arising from _alcohol_ and
+_tobacco_, which you have it in your power to avert from your country,
+are more dreadful than the invasion of Xerxes with his millions. The
+cause of moral reform, in the use of the latter of these articles, which
+we urge upon you with deepest and sincerest solicitude, is far more
+urgent than that in which the Bruti and the Gracchi offered up their
+lives. Some of you have not yet handled or tasted the fatal drug. Let
+all such stand firm henceforward, and never yield to the power of
+custom, temptation and lust. Some of you, on the other hand, have
+permitted yourselves to become the victims of this drug. Let all such be
+urged by the voice of patriotism, religion, self-respect, reason,
+conscience, and duty, to _abstain_ from this poison, _immediately_,
+_entirely_, and _forever_. And then every young man, and every young
+woman, in the republic, shall be free from all the calamities attending
+the use of this narcotic; and love, and peace, and joy, will run through
+the land, and flow over the world. We put the question to every youth:
+_will you do it_?
+
+I appeal to the _friends of temperance_. You have enlisted your energies
+to expel intoxicating drinks from common use throughout the world. Go
+on, and prosper. But, as you go, remember, that complete success will
+not crown your exertions unless you are consistent,--unless you abandon
+all use of tobacco, the companion and sister of alcohol. As you go forth
+to the noble work you have undertaken, you will be met at every corner,
+with the declaration of A. B. and C., _I_ am ready to abstain from
+alcohol when _you_ do from tobacco; and how effectually will this
+declaration shut your mouth, and destroy your influence. Be
+_consistent_. Carry your principles into _all_ your evil habits, and a
+moral potency will be diffused through what you say and do, that nothing
+can resist. We put the question to every friend of temperance: _will you
+do it_?
+
+I appeal to American _females_. As mothers, wives and daughters, you
+have it in your power (without turning aside from your appropriate
+duties) to put an end to the use of this disgusting weed. The children
+and youth of this nation, to say nothing of the young men and fathers,
+are almost exclusively under your control; and may be moulded at your
+pleasure. You know how _filthy_, _disgusting_, _ruinous_, is the
+practice against which we ask you to set your faces. Only practice
+ENTIRE ABSTINENCE yourselves, and urge this practice upon all within
+your reach; and in less than twenty years, this reformation will be
+completed. We put the question to every mother, wife, daughter: _will
+you do it_?
+
+I appeal to the _medical_ profession. You are the guardians of the
+health of the republic. You are acquainted with the deadly properties of
+the drug in question. You can understand the necessity, and appreciate
+the importance of reform. You know that _entire abstinence_ is urged by
+paramount considerations. In the work of reform from spirit-drinking,
+you have acted in a manner that reflects honor upon your profession. In
+the work of reform now urged upon your notice, we calculate upon your
+active, hearty co-operation. If you put your hand to this work, by
+_precept_, and by _example_; if you abstain _entirely_, and _forever_,
+from all use of this plant, and inculcate entire abstinence, as you have
+opportunity; the work which now bespeaks your attention will soon be
+done. We put the question to every medical man: _will you do it_?
+
+Finally--I appeal to _ministers_ of the Gospel. You are stationed on the
+watch-towers of Zion, as guardians of the public morals. Against every
+abomination your great Master requires you to cry aloud and spare not;
+to lift up your voice like a trumpet; to show the people their
+transgressions, and the house of Jacob their sins. He requires you to be
+_examples_ to the flock, in all things, that, while
+
+  "You allure to brighter worlds,"
+
+you "may lead the way." I ask you to look at the influence of tobacco
+upon the _health_, _wealth_, _morals_, and _lives_ of this republic; and
+then to decide, as in the fear of God, whether the blood of souls may
+not be found on your garments, if you do not _abstain_ yourselves from
+all common use of this drug, and warn every man around you to do
+likewise.[A] Suffer us to point you to Him who went about doing good,
+and pleased not himself, and set a pure and perfect example in
+everything; and also to that early servant of his, who would abstain
+from things good and lawful, rather than prejudice the interests of
+Zion. What reception would the Apostles have met, when they went about
+to enlighten and reform the world, if they had carried with them their
+_snuff-boxes_, _pipes_, _cigars_, and _pig-tail_ tobacco? But a word to
+the wise is sufficient. Let all who minister in holy things, abstain
+from this poison, immediately, entirely, and forever; and let them use
+the whole weight of their influence, and example, to persuade
+others--and especially our youth--to practice entire abstinence; and
+this good work will soon be done. We put the question to every minister
+of Christ: _will you do it_?
+
+[A] Says a distinguished correspondent--the most efficient officer of
+one of our benevolent institutions, "Not long since a clergyman called
+on me as agent for one of the most popular Societies for spreading the
+knowledge of Christ crucified throughout the world: his breath was
+intolerable, and the tobacco juice had formed a current from each corner
+of his mouth downward. I need not describe to you my feelings at this
+exhibition."
+
+
+
+
+JUST PUBLISHED.
+
+
+"Facts and Important Information from distinguished Physicians and other
+sources." Fourth Edition. Published by Geo. Gregory. For sale by D. S.
+King, 1 Cornhill, Jordan & Co., 121 Washington St., Boston--John S.
+Taylor, 145 Nassau St., N. Y.--Wm. Aplin, 65 South Main Street,
+Providence.
+
+Price--12 1-2 cts. single, $1 per dozen, $8 a hundred, and $7 a hundred,
+by the thousand. All communications addressed, post paid, to either of
+the sellers, and all orders accompanied with the cash, will receive
+prompt attention.
+
+This little work relates to an important subject and it has met with a
+remarkably favorable reception; as shown by the fact, that four
+editions--_twenty thousand_ copies in all--have been published within
+ten months; and the sale is rapidly increasing.
+
+
+RECOMMENDATIONS.
+
+_The following highly valuable testimonials are from President_ EDWARDS,
+_Professor_ STUART, _Rev. Dr._ WOODS, _and Professor_ EMERSON, _of the
+Andover Theological Seminary_.
+
+Having read the FACTS, &c., I am satisfied that it is well adapted to do
+good, and wish that it may have an extensive circulation among the youth
+of our country.
+
+                                                        J. EDWARDS.
+
+_Andover, Aug. 16, 1841._
+
+                                        _Andover, 29th, July, 1841._
+
+I have read a pamphlet entitled "FACTS, etc., from DISTINGUISHED
+PHYSICIANS AND OTHER SOURCES," respecting a vice which is undermining
+the health and happiness of many, and degrading them, in some respects,
+below the brute creation.
+
+I think there is nothing in the manner of this pamphlet which can be
+matter of just offence to any considerate mind. I am persuaded, that,
+delicate as the task may be, the time has come when benevolence demands
+that some effort should be made to enlighten the public mind on the
+subject of which this pamphlet treats; and both the remarks of the
+pamphlet, and the facts stated in it, seem to be well adapted for this
+purpose. Most heartily do I wish success to that benevolence which is
+willing to undertake a task so delicate and so difficult as this.
+
+It is time for those who love the purity, the well-being and the most
+interesting relations of human society, to speak out upon a vice which
+is dangerous in proportion to the secrecy and silence in which it has
+been involved.
+
+          We fully concur in the above.                  M. STUART.
+                                                          L. WOODS.
+                                                        R. EMERSON.
+
+Recommended by the Boston Recorder, Zion's Herald, and many other
+papers; also by numerous clergymen, teachers, physicians, &c.
+
+Dr. Woodward, of the Worcester Hospital, has done much to expose this
+solitary vice. He says no cause is more influential in producing
+insanity. According to the Report of the Institution, for 1838, out of
+199 patients, 42 are considered victims of masturbation.
+
+
+RECOMMENDATIONS.
+
+_From President Humphrey, of Amherst College._
+
+                                   AMHERST COLLEGE, April 17, 1842.
+
+REV. ORIN FOWLER:--Rev. and Dear Sir--I thank you heartily for your
+pamphlet, on the use of that vile narcotic, _tobacco_. It ought to be
+the abhorring of all mankind, as it is of all other flesh; and the
+extensive circulation of your timely and powerful antidote, cannot fail
+of doing great good. The public in general have no idea of the enormous
+expense of smoking and chewing in this country; much less of the waste
+of health and life occasioned by it. I rejoice that your essay begins to
+be loudly called for, and wish that as many copies might be circulated
+as there are miserable slaves to the habit, which, next to alcoholic
+drinking, is stupefying more brains, and probably shortening more lives
+than any other.
+
+             Very sincerely and affectionately yours,
+                                                       H. HUMPHREY.
+
+
+_From Rev. M. Tucker, D. D._
+
+PROVIDENCE, April 30, 1842.
+
+I have read with interest the Rev. Orin Fowler's Essay on the evils of
+the use of Tobacco. A perusal cannot fail to convince every candid mind.
+The use of tobacco in most cases is an evil. The subject is ably
+discussed in this essay. The arguments are sound, the facts abundant,
+and the conclusions fair and forcible. They who can resist such appeals
+must be slaves indeed. I shall rejoice in its wide circulation.
+
+                                                         M. TUCKER.
+
+
+_From Edward C. Delevan_.
+
+E. C. Delevan, former Secretary of the New York State Temperance
+Society, says, in a letter to the author--"The subject of your Essay is
+one of immense importance to the world and to the temperance cause. The
+use of this vile weed has been the medium of forming the appetite for
+strong drink, and ultimately destroying thousands of the most promising
+youth of our country. You will hardly ever meet with an intemperate
+person without finding him addicted to the use of tobacco. The public
+only want light on this important subject, to act. Your able and
+convincing Disquisition will be the means of doing much good. I hope
+funds will be provided to furnish a copy to each clergyman in the United
+States. Send me one thousand copies of the second edition, as soon as it
+is from the press."
+
+For other recommendations, see 7th and 8th pages.
+
+PRICE.--12 1-2 single, $1 per dozen, $8 a hundred, and $7 a hundred by
+the thousand.
+
+The co-operation of Societies, and of benevolent individuals, is
+earnestly requested, in this important reform. Young men are invited to
+engage in circulating this work.
+
+All communications addressed post paid, to either of the Booksellers
+named on the cover; and all orders accompanied with the cash, will
+receive prompt attention.
+
+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                      Transcriber's Note                            |
+| Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as |
+| possible, including obsolete and variant spellings and other       |
+| inconsistencies.                                                   |
+|                                                                    |
+| Minor punctuation and printing errors have been corrected.         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Disquisition on the Evils of Using
+Tobacco, by Orin Fowler
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+    <meta name="DC.creator" content="Rev. Orin Fowler" />
+    <meta name="DC.title" content="A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco" />
+    <meta name="DC.title" content="and the Necessity of Immediate and Entire Reformation" />
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco, by 
+Orin Fowler
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco
+       and the Necessity of Immediate and Entire Reformation
+
+Author: Orin Fowler
+
+Release Date: January 20, 2008 [EBook #24366]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVILS OF TOBACCO ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Garcia, Joe Longo and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Kentuckiana Digital Library)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class="frontpageborder">
+
+<table width="450" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
+  <col style="width:0%;" /> <col style="width:100%;" />
+  <tr>
+  <td align="left"><img height="770" width="1" src="images/pixel.gif" alt="" /></td>
+  <td align="center">
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 100%; margin-top: 2.5em;">A</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 165%;letter-spacing: 0.2em;">DISQUISITION</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 60%">ON THE</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 200%">EVILS OF USING TOBACCO,</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 85%">AND THE NECESSITY OF</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 48px;font-size: 110%">IMMEDIATE AND ENTIRE REFORMATION.</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 48px;font-size: 100%">By <span class="smcap">Rev.</span> ORIN FOWLER A. M.</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 48px;font-size: 65%;font-weight: 600">THIRD EDITION.</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="font-size: 100%">BOSTON:</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="font-size: 65%;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: 0.1em;">PUBLISHED BY GEO. GREGORY.</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="font-size: 60%">For sale by <span class="smcap">D. S. King</span>, No. 1 Cornhill; <span class="smcap">Jordan &amp; Co.</span> 121<br />
+Washington Street. <span class="smcap">New York: John S. Taylor</span>,<br />
+145 Nassau Street. <span class="smcap">Providence: Wm.</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Aplin</span>, 65 South Main St.<br />
+1842.</p>
+</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<table width="450" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="Title page 2" border="0">
+  <col style="width:80%;" />
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center">
+<br /><br />
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 100%; margin-top: 36px;">A</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 165%;letter-spacing: 0.2em;">DISQUISITION</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 60%">ON THE</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 200%">EVILS OF USING TOBACCO,</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 75%">AND THE NECESSITY OF</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 100%">IMMEDIATE AND ENTIRE REFORMATION.</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 70%">Delivered before the Fall River Lyceum, and before the Congregation to whom
+the Author statedly ministers</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="font-size: 118%">BY ORIN FOWLER A. M.,</p>
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 70%">
+PASTOR OF THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN FALL RIVER, MASS.</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="margin-bottom: 24px;font-size: 65%;font-weight: 600"><i>Third Edition.</i></p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="font-size: 75%">BOSTON:</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="font-size: 65%;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: 0.1em;">PUBLISHED BY GEO. GREGORY.</p>
+
+<p class="titleblock"
+style="word-spacing: 0.2em;font-size: 68%">For sale by <span class="smcap">D. S. King</span>, No. 1. Cornhill; <span class="smcap">Jordan &amp;. Co.</span> 121<br />
+Washington Street. <span class="smcap">New York: John S. Taylor</span>,<br />
+145 Nassau Street. <span class="smcap">Providence: Wm.</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Aplin</span>, 65 South Main St.<br /><br />
+1842.
+</p>
+</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-bottom:5em;margin-top:5em;">
+Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1842, by <span class="smcap">Orin<br />
+Fowler</span>, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr class="major" />
+<h2>INTRODUCTORY REMARKS,</h2>
+
+<p class="center">BY THE PUBLISHER.</p>
+
+<p>Among the evils which a vitiated appetite has fastened upon mankind,
+those that arise from the use of Tobacco hold a prominent place,
+and call loudly for reform. We pity the poor Chinese, who stupifies
+body and mind with opium, and the wretched Hindoo, who is under
+a similar slavery to his favorite plant, the Betel; but <i>we</i> present the
+humiliating spectacle of an enlightened and christian nation, wasting
+annually more than twenty-five millions of dollars, and destroying the
+health and the lives of thousands, by a practice not at all less degrading
+than that of the Chinese or Hindoo.</p>
+
+<p>Whether, then, we consider the folly and indecency of the habit,
+or the waste of property, health and life which it occasions, it is time
+for the Patriot, the Philanthropist and the Christian, to put forth united,
+vigorous and systematic efforts to banish this injurious and disgusting
+habit from the community.</p>
+
+<p>It is a fact, that one reform not only prepares the way for another,
+but often so depends upon it, that the complete triumph of the one cannot
+be effected without that of the other. Such appears to be the relationship
+existing between the use of intoxicating drinks and that of
+the stimulating narcotic, tobacco. The use of tobacco almost always
+accompanies the use of alcoholic drinks, and it may be feared that
+total abstinence from the latter will not be <i>permanent</i>, unless there
+is also a total abstinence from the former. Our temperance brethren,
+particularly our worthy Washingtonians, will do well to bear
+this in mind.</p>
+
+<p>The tobacco reform, being similar to that of temperance, must be
+brought about by similar means. Information must be diffused, the
+evils of the practice exposed, and the attention of the public aroused
+to the subject. To aid in this, is the object of the following pamphlet,
+two editions of which have already been put in circulation, and it is
+said to have been re-published in England. The favorable reception
+of the former editions, as shown by the repeated editorial remarks,
+and the numerous letters of thanks addressed to the author, affords
+much encouragement for a vigorous prosecution of the enterprise.
+Three members of the church of which the author is pastor, placed
+at his disposal a sum sufficient to supply, gratuitously, each of the
+1000 Beneficiaries of the American Education Society, with a copy
+of the essay. Orders were furnished for bundles for distribution.
+An individual in Maine ordered 500 copies, and 1000 were ordered
+by E. C. Delevan, of New York, the distinguished advocate of Temperance.</p>
+
+<p>Let the friends of true reform remember the early days of the temperance
+cause, and take courage. All interested should exert themselves.
+Clergymen can do much by lecturing and other means.
+Churches should form Anti-Tobacco Societies, circulate information<!-- Page 4 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span>
+and induce as many as possible to take a stand against the evil, by
+enrolling their names on a <i>Pledge</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Teachers should speak on the subject, and endeavor to prevent
+the formation of so vile and tyranical a habit, by those under their
+influence; for it is a fact that lads in many of our public schools try
+to hasten their claims to <i>manliness</i>, by learning to chew, smoke or
+snuff. This being the case, we may expect, of course, to find these
+practices prevalent in our academies and colleges, our medical and
+our law schools and theological seminaries.</p>
+
+<p>In the early records of Harvard University, says Dr. Mussey, is
+a regulation ordering that "no scholar shall take tobacco unless permitted
+by the President, with the consent of his parents, on good
+reason first given by a physician, and then only in a sober and private
+manner." How different now! Probably one half, at least,
+of the students of our colleges are, not in a "sober and private
+manner," but publicly addicted to this slovenly and disgusting practice.</p>
+
+<p>As the use of tobacco is injurious to health, it is the duty of physicians
+to exert their influence against it. Their authority upon such
+subjects is generally respected, and is therefore very important.</p>
+
+<p>To the ladies, it would hardly seem necessary to say a word, in order
+to secure their aid in a reform that so intimately concerns themselves.
+In this matter, as in the vice of intemperance, woman,
+though comparatively innocent, is by far the greatest sufferer. With
+what a melancholy prospect does a young lady marry a man who
+uses the filthy plant in any form. He may <i>at first</i> do it in a neat,
+or even a genteel manner, and neutralize the sickening odor by the
+most grateful perfumes; but this trouble will soon be dispensed with,
+and in all probability he will, at no distant day, become a sloven,
+with his garments saturated with smoke, and himself steeped in tobacco
+juice. Alas, to think of being annoyed a life-time by the
+nauseous odor of the vile tobacco worm, and of wasting patience
+and strength in vain endeavors to preserve neatness in his slimy trail!
+Little can be accomplished in this, or any other reform, without the
+aid of females. Let them take hold of the subject, and exert their
+legimate influence, and public opinion will soon be corrected; young
+men and old too, will soon learn that by no rule in the code of politeness
+and good breeding, can the use of tobacco be tolerated.</p>
+
+<p>A word to dealers. How can a man who regards the morals, the
+happiness and the prosperity of his neighborhood and his country,
+deal out so useless, so filthy, and so injurious an article as tobacco?
+Many will of course, excuse themselves by saying as the rum-sellers
+once did, "If I don't sell it, others will," This plea did not justify
+the rum-seller, neither will it, the dealer in tobacco. Others will
+say, "I <i>must</i> sell it, or I shall offend my patrons and lose their custom."
+But this is not valid even as a selfish argument. A large
+and increasing portion of the community would be glad to patronize
+traders who sell only the useful and necessary articles of life.
+Let respectable traders cease to sell the article, and respectable customers
+would soon cease to buy it.<!-- Page 5 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The abominable filthiness of the practice of using tobacco, is a
+sufficient argument to induce all decent people to wage war against
+it. Stage coaches, rail cars, steamboats, public houses, courts of
+justice, halls of legislation, and the temples of God, are all defiled
+by the loathsome consumers of this dirty, Indian herb. For the
+sake of decency, for the honor of humanity, let the land be purified
+from this worse than beastly pollution!</p>
+
+<p>Let none be discouraged from engaging in this reform, because it
+relates to a wide-spread and fashionable vice. With a moderate degree
+of effort in each town and village, hundreds of thousands might
+in one year's time, be induced to pledge themselves against all use
+of tobacco.</p>
+
+<p>During the last winter I drew up the following pledge, and obtained
+many signatures here and in other parts of the state.</p>
+
+<div class="pledge"><p class="center">ANTI-TOBACCO PLEDGE.</p>
+
+<p style="font-style: italic">We, the subscribers, believing that the use of <span class="smcapnorm">Tobacco</span>, in all its
+forms, is injurious to health, and knowing it to be a slovenly, sluttish,
+and disgusting habit, do pledge ourselves that we will not <span class="smcapnorm">smoke</span> it,
+<span class="smcapnorm">chew</span> it, nor <span class="smcapnorm">snuff</span> it; and that we will use efforts to persuade those
+addicted to the practice, to discontinue its use; and above all, that we
+will not traffic in it, nor countenance those who do; and that we will
+use our influence to banish the "vile stuff" from New England, our
+country, and the world.</p></div>
+
+<p>A gentleman in North Bridgewater, to whom I lent a pamphlet on
+this subject, said he had not read it half through, before he emptied
+his pockets of tobacco, and resolved to use no more. He also
+took a pledge to circulate among his neighbors.</p>
+
+<p>Another man who had chewed tobacco thirty-three years, abandoned
+the habit and remarked that he would not return to it for fifty
+dollars.</p>
+
+<p>Two benevolent individuals, in Providence, had two or three hundred
+copies of the above pledge printed to circulate in the State of
+Rhode Island. One of the principal clergymen in P. said, a member
+of his church, a trader, told him that the money paid for tobacco
+in the city was sufficient to support the public preaching. A
+gentleman there, who has recently given up tobacco, said he would
+not go back to its use for a thousand dollars, although it cost him a
+great effort to refrain from it. A young man, after receiving a private
+lecture from an anti-tobacco friend, committed to the flames
+half a dozen cigars he had by him, and signed the pledge.</p>
+
+<p>I have conversed with very many addicted to the use of tobacco,
+and nearly all express regret at having formed the habit.</p>
+
+<p>A few days since in a town not far from Providence, as I was sitting
+in the stage about starting for the city, up came a reverend
+gentleman, a very fine man by the way, with a big cigar about half
+burned. He had too much good breeding to get into the stage with
+it, and to all appearance, disliked to part with so good a friend; he<!-- Page 6 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>
+accordingly stood outside and puffed away like a steamer, at the
+same time keeping an eye on the driver; when all was ready, he
+scrambled in, and we drove off. What an example, for a clergyman
+to stand in a public street and puff a cigar like a loafer or a blackguard!</p>
+
+<p>Rev. Mr. C., in a village adjoining Providence relates, that a
+brother clergyman called to preach for him. He was in the habit of
+chewing tobacco, and Mr. C. took the opportunity to speak to him
+on the subject. At first the brother remarked that there was nothing
+wrong or injurious in it; but on Mr. C's pressing the matter and asking
+how he could preach "righteousness, temperance" and good
+habits in all things, when he was himself addicted to such a practice,
+the brother frankly acknowledged that he knew he was setting a bad
+example, and that tobacco was poisonous, injurious to health and
+shortened life, but he excused himself by saying he <i>could not</i> give
+it up, for he found it <i>impossible</i> to write a sermon or preach it with
+any success, without taking tobacco. Sermons and preaching inspired
+by tobacco! What better is this, than the inspiration of
+brandy?</p>
+
+<p>Rev. Mr.&mdash;&mdash;, now of Boston, formerly of a neighboring city,
+is a most excessive smoker and chewer, so much so that it was a
+matter of notoriety and remark among his congregation and acquaintances
+of his former residence. He was a very agreeable
+man in other respects, but his study, his library, and every thing
+about him were so completely saturated with tobacco smoke, that
+the ladies of his church rarely made him a call, and more rarely
+borrowed a book from his extensive and excellent library.&mdash;Is it not
+time for clergymen to reform themselves in this particular, and then
+consistently to set about reforming others.</p>
+
+<p>I have recently learned that many <i>ladies</i> are in the habit of <i>chewing
+snuff!</i> Some of them become so addicted to it as to use enormous
+quantities in this way. "One of these snuff eaters," I was
+told, "was accustomed to take herself by the under lip with one
+hand, and with the thumb and four fingers of the other to fill in an
+embankment between her lips and teeth." Shocking! Yet, what
+young lady who carries a concealed snuff-box, can be sure of not
+coming to this?</p>
+
+<p>I saw a woman who commenced with chewing snuff, and is now a
+regular tobacco chewer. She said however, that she intended to give
+up the habit and refrain from tobacco in all its forms.</p>
+
+<p>Unless something is done to check the evil, who can say that we
+shall not become as bad as the inhabitants of Cuba, where, according
+to Rev. Mr. Ingersoll, "not only men, but <i>women</i> and <i>children</i>
+smoke, and some at a large expense." And according to Rev. Dr.
+Abbot, "it was the common estimate that in Havana, there was an
+average consumption of <i>ten thousand dollars worth of cigars in a
+day</i>."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Boston</span>, July, 1842.<!-- Page 7 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="major" />
+<h2>RECOMMENDATIONS.</h2>
+
+<h4><i>From the Rochester Observer.</i></h4>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco</span>.&mdash;'A disquisition on the evils of
+using tobacco, and the necessity of an immediate and entire reform,' by Rev. Orin
+Fowler, of Fall River, Mass. This is a very valuable and instructive discourse.
+We have for two years or more been fully convinced that the use of tobacco, in its
+three common forms, ought immediately to be abandoned; but never were we so
+fully sensible of the alarming extent and tremendous ravages of this evil, as when
+we had read this production. We think no <i>christian</i>, who is willing to know and
+do his duty, can read this pamphlet, without saying on the spot, if he uses tobacco,
+(except it be judiciously prescribed by a physician.) the use of this poisonous, deleterious
+weed is a <i>grievous sin</i>, and I will abandon it <i>immediately and forever</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. F. lays down the position that it is the duty of every man and woman to abstain
+immediately, entirely and forever, from all use of tobacco, whether by chewing,
+smoking or snuffing, except it be as a medicine.</p>
+
+<p>In favor of this point he offers the following arguments, which we think he has
+fully sustained, by well attested facts, quotations from approved authors, and the
+deductions of sound reasoning.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>1. The history of this loathsome weed. It has ever since its discovery been
+considered exceedingly injurious, and its general use opposed by judicious men.</p>
+
+<p>2. Its ruinous effect upon the health and constitution of men.</p>
+
+<p>3. Its ruinous effects upon the intellect.</p>
+
+<p>4. Its ruinous effects upon public and private morals.</p>
+
+<p>5. The amazing waste of property which its use involves.</p>
+
+<p>6. The mortality which its use occasions.</p>
+
+<p>7. The apologies made by the lovers of tobacco.</p>
+
+<p>8. The eternal ruin which tobacco occasions.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>We intend in our next to give extracts from this discourse. We hope it will
+have a wide circulation, and would commend it to the careful perusal of all christians,
+especially to ministers, who use this vile and ruinous plant."</p>
+
+<hr class="minor" />
+
+<p>Edward C. Delevan, Secretary of the New York State Temperance Society, says,
+in a letter just received&mdash;"The subject of your Essay is one of immense importance
+to the world and to the temperance cause. The use of this vile weed has
+been the medium of forming the appetite for strong drink, and ultimately destroying
+thousands of the most promising youth of our country. You will hardly ever
+meet with an intemperate person without finding him addicted to the use of tobacco.
+The public only want light on this important subject, to act. Your able and
+convincing Disquisition will be the means of doing much good. I hope funds will
+be provided to furnish a copy to each clergyman in the United States. Send me
+one thousand copies of the second edition, as soon as it is from the press."</p>
+
+<hr class="minor" />
+
+<p class="nobot">"<span class="smcap">Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco</span>.&mdash;We are anxious to see this work
+extensively circulated, for we are confident that it will do good. The pamphlet
+contains much valuable information, and will be found well worth an attentive and
+frequent perusal."</p>
+<p class="rightsig"><i>The Unionist</i>, Brooklyn, Conn.</p>
+
+<hr class="minor" />
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco</span>.&mdash;The subject of which this pamphlet
+treats is one which, we are persuaded, has received too small a share of attention
+from those who are laboring to free our land, utterly and forever, from the
+thraldom of intemperance. From our own observation, limited as it has been, we
+are persuaded that the victims of intemperance in the use of this poisonous weed
+are by no means inconsiderable in number. Probably Mr. Fowler is correct when<!-- Page 8 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>
+he estimates the mortality occasioned by the use of tobacco in its various forms, at
+five thousand annually. For ourself we are convinced that the suppression of intemperance
+in spirituous liquors will never be effected while the agents and advocates
+of our Temperance Societies, lecture with a pinch of snuff in their fingers and
+a huge tobacco quid in their mouths. Tobacco slays its thousands, and doubtless
+one tenth of the drunkards in our land have become so by first indulging in the
+use of the dirty plant, and thus creating an unnatural thirst that called for liquid fire
+to quench it.</p>
+
+<p class="nobot">Did our limits permit, we should be glad to give copious extracts from Mr. Fowler's
+discourse."</p>
+<p class="rightsig"><i>Batharia Palladium.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="minor" />
+
+<p class="rightsig"><i>Lisbon, Feb. 3d, 1841.</i></p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr Fowler</span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><i>Dear Sir</i>&mdash;We have in this county a monthly ministers' meeting.</p>
+
+<p>At the last the use of tobacco was discussed. I was appointed to write on the
+subject, and derived important aid from your Disquisition on tobacco. I feel that
+it is a very happy effort, and calculated to do much good, and that it is desirable
+that it should have a much wider circulation.</p>
+
+<p>The thought occurred to me whether it might not be published by the Tract Society.</p>
+
+<p>This would give it the widest circulation it could have.</p>
+
+<p>I doubt not but you are desirous of having the greatest amount of good accomplished
+by this effort, and will be ready to extend its circulation if possible.</p>
+
+<p>Should it become a Tract, be so good as to inform me&mdash;for I should be glad to
+place it in every family in my parish.</p>
+
+<p class="nobot33">Fraternally yours,</p>
+<p class="rightsig">JOSEPH AYER, Jr.</p>
+
+<hr class="minor" />
+
+<p>Notice by Dr. Alcott, Editor of the Library of Health.</p>
+
+<p>"A disquisition on the evils of using Tobacco. By Orin Fowler, A. M. Second
+Edition. This pamphlet finds favor, * * * *. While we have the kindliest feelings
+towards those who chew this disgusting substance, we hold its use, in every
+form, in the most unqualified contempt. We care not to whom the remark may
+apply, whether he be farmer, mechanic, lawyer, doctor, minister, judge or president;
+but if in the light which Mr. Fowler has shed on the subject, any man
+should continue to smoke or chew tobacco, or take snuff, public opinion ought to
+frown him out of the pale of all civilized society. He that will contribute in any
+way to a tax upon this nation of $25,000,000 a year for such stuff, may well be set
+down as a bad citizen, unless he does it in ignorance."<!-- Page 9 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="major" />
+<h2>DISQUISITION.</h2>
+
+<p>In this age of benevolent action, when much is being done to drive
+away the darkness and delusions of many generations, and to diffuse
+light and truth through the earth; it excites the liveliest joy in every
+philanthropic bosom to witness the triumphant results already achieved.
+Recent efforts to banish the use of intoxicating drinks, have
+brought well nigh half the civilized world to a solemn pause: and the
+work of reformation in this matter of spirit-drinking has gone so far,
+and is yet making such sure progress, that many are rejoicing in the
+lively hope that the day is nigh, even at the doors, when drunkenness,
+with her burning legion of evils, will cease from the earth; and the
+gospel of the grace of God will have free course and be glorified, and
+the whole family of man become temperate, holy and happy. The
+God of our salvation hasten that day apace; that our eyes may see it,
+and rejoice and be glad in it, before we go to the grave.</p>
+
+<p>But ere that day shall fully come, there is much land to be possessed.
+Many a battle must yet be fought,&mdash;many a victory must
+yet be won. Much light must yet be poured forth,&mdash;much darkness
+must yet be driven away. The world is not yet half reformed. The
+majority in the best portions of the earth&mdash;in this country even&mdash;are
+on the side of free indulgence in every thing that pleases the appetite.</p>
+
+<p>Intemperance in the use of intoxicating drinks,&mdash;and intemperance
+in the use of <i>tobacco</i>, in the several forms of <i>smoking</i>, <i>snuffing</i> and
+<i>chewing</i>; together with several other evils, which I need not here
+specify, are even now predominant.</p>
+
+<p>By intemperance in the use of tobacco, I mean all use of this drug
+except that which is under the direction of enlightened, judicious
+medical advice. With this exception, <i>entire abstinence</i> from this narcotic
+substance constitutes the only safe and genuine temperance.&mdash;This
+principle has been adopted extensively, in its application to intoxicating
+drinks; but before it shall be universally adopted in that
+application, it must be applied, and applied universally, to the <i>quid</i>,
+and the <i>pipe</i>, and the <i>snuff-box</i>. Rum-drinking will not cease, till
+tobacco-chewing, and tobacco-smoking, and snuff-taking, shall cease.
+Though all who are attached to the quid, the pipe, or the snuff-box,
+are not attached to the bottle; yet a vast multitude become attached
+to the bottle, and this attachment is continued and increased, through
+the poisonous, bewitching, and debasing influence of tobacco.</p>
+
+<p>Moreover, the use of tobacco involves a train of evils, superadded
+to its influence in perpetuating drunkenness, which cries aloud for
+immediate and universal reformation. It is my present purpose to<!-- Page 10 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>
+consider these evils. And I wish to premise that, in this consideration,
+I shall urge; that it is the duty of every friend of humanity&mdash;of
+every lover of his country&mdash;of every Christian&mdash;and of every minister
+of Christ, to <i>abstain</i>, himself, <i>immediately</i>, and <i>forever</i>, from <i>all</i>
+use of tobacco, whether by <i>chewing</i>, <i>smoking</i>, or <i>snuffing</i>, except it be
+<i>medicinally</i>; and to use the whole weight of his influence and example
+to persuade others&mdash;and especially the young men and maidens
+of this nation&mdash;to practice entire abstinence.</p>
+
+<p>I am fully aware that the topic which I have selected, the position
+which I lay down, and the purpose at which I aim, are not popular.
+But what then? Did Clarkson and Wilberforce abandon the cause
+of the enslaved African, when they found that abolition was unpopular
+in the British Senate? Did Columbus abandon his purpose
+of attempting to discover a new world, when he perceived that the
+noble project of his noble soul was unpopular, with princes and people,
+learned and ignorant? Did Jesus Christ abandon his purpose
+to redeem a world lying in wickedness, when it became manifest that
+his doctrines, and the pure benevolence of his holy soul, were unpopular.
+And has it ever been <i>seemly</i> for one of his true and faithful
+disciples to abandon the cause of human happiness, and the soul's
+everlasting salvation, because the work of saving mercy is unpopular?</p>
+
+<p>The theme of our present consideration, is doubtless unpopular.&mdash;But
+we <i>should</i> not, we <i>will</i> not, therefore abandon the purpose of exposing
+the evils of smoking, and chewing, and snuffing, that dirty
+weed, which is so hostile to animal life, and so offensive to every creature
+on earth, that no living being but man&mdash;and a loathsome worm,
+called the tobacco-worm&mdash;will taste, or touch, or handle it.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+
+<p>Though it be unpopular to expose the evils of using tobacco; these
+evils are so appalling, it will not do to slumber over them longer.&mdash;We
+must look at them; we must lay them open&mdash;we must raise our
+voice against them; (we would gladly raise it so high that it should
+reach every family in the nation.) Yes, we must cry aloud and
+spare not; or give up our claim to patriotism, and benevolence.</p>
+
+<p>In approaching this subject, I am not unmindful of the pertinacity
+with which men adhere to old habits. Dr. Rush speaks of a venerable
+clergyman who closed a long sermon, in which he had controverted
+what he supposed an heretical opinion, with these words: "I
+tell you&mdash;I tell you, my brethren, I tell you again, that an <i>old error</i>
+is better than a <i>new truth</i>." There are few who will assent to
+this proposition in plain terms; but there are thousands upon thousands,
+who act up to the very letter of it, constantly.&mdash;The history of
+man is extensively a history of folly, delusion, and sin.</p>
+
+<p>No error has been so absurd as not to find advocates&mdash;no habit has
+been so foolish, or so deadly, as not to find martyrs. But of all the
+delusions, which have prevailed among civilized men, there have been
+few&mdash;perhaps none, but that of intoxication&mdash;so disgusting, so inex<!-- Page 11 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>cusable,
+so destructive to health, and wealth, and life, as the habit
+which we now ask you to consider.</p>
+
+<p>It will be borne in mind that my position is this; it is the bounden
+duty of every man and every woman to <i>abstain</i>, <i>immediately</i>, and
+<i>forever</i>, from <i>all use</i> of tobacco, whether by <i>chewing</i>, <i>smoking</i>, or
+<i>snuffing</i> except it be as a medicine. <span class="posit">This position I maintain,</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="posit">I. From a consideration of the <i>history</i> of this loathsome weed.&mdash;</span>The
+tobacco plant is a native of America. It was unknown in Europe
+until some time after the discovery of America, by Columbus. It was
+first carried to Europe by Sir Francis Drake, about the year 1560,
+less than three hundred years ago. The natives of this continent
+called it <i>petun</i>; the natives of the islands called it <i>yoli</i>. The
+Spaniards gave it the name of <i>tobacco</i>, from <i>Tobaco</i>, a province of
+Yucatan in Mexico, where they first found it, and first learned its
+use. Its botanic name is <i>Nicotiana</i>, which it received from John
+Nicot, then Ambassador from Francis II. to Portugal, who brought
+it from Lisbon, and presented some of it to the Queen Catharine de
+Medicis, and to the Grand Prior of the house of Lorraine; whence
+it was sometimes called the Queen's herb, and the Grand Prior's herb.</p>
+
+<p>The practice of smoking it in England, was introduced by Sir
+Walter Raleigh, about the year 1584.</p>
+
+<p>The cultivation of it is not uncommon in various parts of the globe;
+but the seat of its most extensive culture is Virginia and Maryland,
+in this country. In England its cultivation was forbidden&mdash;and we
+believe is still forbidden&mdash;on penalty of forfeiting forty shillings for
+every rod of ground planted with it.</p>
+
+<p>James I. wrote a treatise against the use of it, which he called his
+"Counterblast to Tobacco." Pope Urban VIII. issued a Bull, to excommunicate
+all who used tobacco in the churches. The civil power
+in Russia, Turkey, and Persia, was early arrayed against it. The
+King of Denmark, who wrote a treatise against tobacco, observes
+that "merchants often lay it in bog-houses, that, becoming impregnated
+with the volatile salts of the excrements, it may be rendered
+brisker, stronger, and more fœtid." It is said to be a fact, that in
+manufacturing tobacco, it is frequently sprinkled with stale urine.</p>
+
+<p>The use of tobacco never was general in Europe; and within the
+last fifty or one hundred years, it has been banished from all the polite
+circles of that part of the world. John Adams, the former President
+of the United States, speaking of his own use of tobacco, and
+referring to his residence in Europe, says: "Twice I gave up the
+use of it; once when Minister at the Court of Hague; and afterwards
+when Minister at the Court of London; for <i>no such offensive
+practice is seen there</i>."</p>
+
+<p>But although the cultivation of tobacco has been forbidden in many
+countries of Europe; and though the manufacture of it is frequently
+attended with circumstances so disgusting and offensive, that the
+modesty of this paper will not permit me to detail them,&mdash;and though
+the use of it is abandoned by all the respectable and polished circles
+of Europe; yet in this nation, and among the lower orders abroad,<!-- Page 12 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>
+tobacco has triumphed: and the only hope of expelling it from our
+land, lies in enlisting against it the power of enlightened public opinion&mdash;a
+mightier power than any eastern despot wields.</p>
+
+<p>Now from this brief sketch of the history of tobacco, it appears that
+it was unknown to all the civilized world, till within three hundred
+years; and that even now, all the polished and enlightened portion
+of community abroad&mdash;and we add, a very respectable portion at
+home&mdash;have no fellowship with the filthy weed. And can any man
+justify himself in the daily use of a disgusting plant, against the
+practice, opinion, and remonstrances of so large a portion of the civilized
+world? Can he be discharging the obligations of his duty, and
+enjoying the full amount of his privilege, while he suffers himself to
+be a bond-slave to his quid, his pipe, or his snuff-box? Either an
+important article of the vegetable kingdom, lay hid from the civilized
+world nearly six thousand years; or since its discovery, the lovers of
+tobacco have formed an entirely erroneous opinion of its properties.
+In the sequel, I trust it will appear, that so far from possessing <i>valuable</i>
+properties, it is one of the most <i>noxious</i> weeds that grows; that,
+as an article of medicine, it possesses scarcely a redeeming quality;
+and that, though it was not made in vain, if the world had remained
+ignorant of it six thousand years longer, no cause of regret would
+have been occasioned.</p>
+
+<p class="posit">I maintain the position I have laid down,</p>
+
+<p class="posit">II. From a consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon
+the <i>health</i> and <i>constitution</i> of men.</p>
+
+<p>In considering this point, let us examine the <i>properties</i> of this weed,&mdash;the
+prominent diseases which the use of it induces,&mdash;and the <i>experiences</i>
+of unprejudiced observers. The properties of tobacco are decidedly
+<i>poisonous</i>. In proof of this assertion, I appeal to ample and
+unquestionable authority.</p>
+
+<p>Professor Hitchcock says, "I group <i>alcohol</i>, <i>opium</i> and <i>tobacco</i> together,
+as alike to be rejected; because they agree in being <i>poisonous</i>
+in their natures." "In popular language," says he, "alcohol
+is classed among the stimulants, and opium and tobacco among the
+narcotics, whose ultimate effect upon the animal system is to produce
+stupor and insensibility." He says, "Most of the powerful vegetable
+poisons, such as hen-bane, hemlock, thorn-apple, prussic acid, deadly
+night-shade, fox-glove and poison sumach, have an effect on the
+animal system scarcely to be distinguished from that of opium and
+<i>tobacco</i>. They impair the organs of digestion, and may bring on fatuity,
+palsy, delirium, or apoplexy," He says, "In those not accustomed
+to it, <i>tobacco</i> excites nausea, vomiting, dizziness, indigestion,
+mental dejection, and in short, the whole train of <i>nervous</i> complaints."</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Rees, in his Cyclopedia, says; "A drop or two of the chemical
+oil of tobacco, being put upon the tongue of a cat, produces violent
+convulsions, and death itself in the space of a minute."</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Hossack classes <i>tobacco</i> with opium, ether, mercury, and other
+articles of the materia medica. He calls tobacco a "<i>fashionable
+poison</i>," in the various forms in which that narcotic is employed.<!-- Page 13 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span>&mdash;
+He says, "The great increase of dyspepsia; the late alarming frequency
+of apoplexy, palsy, epilepsy, and other diseases of the nervous
+system; is attributable, in part, to the use of tobacco."</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Waterhouse says that Linn&aelig;us, in his natural arrangement, has
+placed tobacco in the class <i>Lurid&aelig;</i>&mdash;which signifies, pale, ghastly,
+livid, dismal and fatal. "To the same ominous class," he adds,
+"belong fox-glove, hen-bane, deadly night-shade, lobelia, and another
+poisonous plant, bearing the tremendous name Atropa, one of the
+furies." He says, "When tobacco is taken into the stomach for
+the first time, it creates nausea and extreme disgust. If swallowed,
+it excites violent convulsions of the stomach and of the bowels to eject
+the poison either upward or downward. If it be not very speedily
+and entirety ejected, it produces great anxiety, vertigo, faintness, and
+prostration of all the senses; and, in some instances, death has followed."
+The oil of this plant, he adds, is one of the strongest vegetable
+poisons, insomuch that we know of no animal that can resist its
+mortal effects. Moreover, says Dr. Waterhouse, after a long and
+honorable course of practice, "I never observed so many pallid faces,
+and so many marks of declining health; nor ever knew so many
+hectical habits, and consumptive affections, as of late years; and I
+trace this alarming inroad on young constitutions, <i>principally</i> to the
+pernicious custom of smoking cigars."</p>
+
+<p>Professor Graham says "Tobacco is one of the most <i>powerful</i> and
+<i>deadly poisons</i> in the vegetable kingdom." "Its effects on the living
+tissues of the animal system," he adds, "are always to destroy life;
+as the experiments made on pigeons, cats, and other animals abundantly
+prove."</p>
+
+<p>The Editors of the Journal of Health say, "Tobacco is in fact an
+absolute poison. A very moderate quantity introduced into the system,
+even applying the moistened leaves to the stomach, has been
+known very suddenly to extinguish life. In whatever form it may be
+employed, a portion of the active principles of tobacco, mixed with
+the saliva, invariably finds its way to the stomach, and disturbs or
+impairs the functions of that organ. Hence most, if not all, who
+are accustomed to the use of tobacco, labor under dyspeptic symptoms.
+Our advice is to desist immediately and entirely from the use
+of tobacco in every form, and in any quantity, however small. A
+reform, to be efficacious, must be entire and complete."</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Warren says, "The common belief that tobacco is beneficial
+to the teeth, is entirely erroneous; on the contrary, by its poisonous
+and relaxing qualities, it is positively injurious." Says another
+physician, "Though snuff has been prescribed for the head-ache,
+catarrh, and some species of opthalmia, and sometimes with good
+effect; yet in all cases where its use is <i>continued</i>, it not only fails of
+its medical effect, but commits great ravages on the whole nervous
+system, superinducing hypochondria, tremors, a thickening of the
+voice, and premature decay of all the intellectual powers."</p>
+
+<p>As a diuretic, Dr. Fowler, and others, have found it in some
+cases to be valuable. Its narcotic properties have sometimes as<!-- Page 14 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>suaged
+the tooth-ache; but it always hastens the destruction of the
+teeth. But of all substances in pharmacy, there seems to be a general
+agreement among medical writers, that tobacco, though occasionally
+beneficial, is the most unmanageable, and used with the least
+confidence.</p>
+
+<p>A multitude of cases, confirming these views, have actually occurred;
+two or three of which I will cite. A clergyman, who commenced
+the use of tobacco in youth, says, "that no very injurious
+consequences were experienced till he entered the ministry, when
+his system began to feel its dreadful effects. His voice, his appetite,
+and his strength failed; and he was sorely afflicted with sickness
+at the stomach, indigestion, emaciation, melancholy, and a prostration
+of the whole nervous system. All this," says he, "I attribute
+to the pernicious habit of smoking and chewing tobacco." At
+length he abandoned the quid and the pipe. His voice, appetite,
+and strength were soon restored; all aches subsided, and in a little
+time general health was enjoyed.</p>
+
+<p>Another clergyman writes, "I thank God, and I thank you, for
+your advice to abandon smoking; my strength has doubled since I
+relinquished this abominable practice."</p>
+
+<p>A respectable gentleman in middle life, who commenced chewing
+tobacco at the age of eighteen, was long afflicted with depression
+of spirits, great emaciation, and the usual dyspeptic symptoms.&mdash;All
+attempts to relieve him were fruitless, till he was persuaded to
+dispense with his quid. Immediately his spirits revived, and he soon
+regained his health.<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></p>
+
+<p>Cases of reform and cure are occurring by thousands, every year,
+all over the land. Let every lover of tobacco, who is afflicted with
+<i>dyspepsia</i>, and nervous maladies, <i>reform</i>, immediately and entirely;
+and let him adopt a simple and rational system of diet, regimen,
+and employment; and in nine cases out of ten, he may hope to enjoy
+good health, and live long to bless the world.</p>
+
+<p>The conclusion from all this evidence is established, that tobacco
+<i>is</i> an <i>active poison</i>; that its constant use induces the most distressing
+and fatal diseases; and that, as a medicine, it is rarely needful,
+and never used, even <i>medicinally</i>, with entire confidence. This
+loathsome weed, then, should not be used, even <i>medicinally</i>, except in
+extreme cases, and then in the hands of a skillful physician. For every
+man&mdash;and especially for every boy, who has hardly entered
+his teens&mdash;to take this poison into his own hands, and determine
+for himself how much he will use, is as preposterous, as if he were
+to take upon himself to deal out arsenic, corrosive sublimate, or calomel.</p>
+
+<p>No man can devote himself to the pipe, the quid, or the snuff-box,
+without certain injury to his health and constitution. He may not<!-- Page 15 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>
+perceive the injury at once, on account of immediate exhilaration;
+but complicated chronic complaints will creep upon him apace, making
+life a burden, and issuing in premature dissolution. And just so
+certain as it is our duty to do no murder,&mdash;to use all lawful means
+to preserve our lives, and the lives of others; as certain is it our duty
+and our privilege to practice <i>entire abstinence</i> from the use of tobacco.</p>
+
+<p class="posit">I maintain the position I have laid down,</p>
+
+<p class="posit">III. From the consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon
+the <i>intellect</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Here, again, let Professor Hitchcock speak. Says he, "Intoxicating
+drinks, opium and tobacco, exert a pernicious influence upon
+the intellect. They tend directly to debilitate the organs; and we
+cannot take a more effectual course to cloud the understanding,
+weaken the memory, unfix the attention, and confuse all the mental
+operations, than by thus entailing upon ourselves the whole hateful
+train of nervous maladies. These can bow down to the earth an intellect
+of giant strength, and make it grind in bondage, like Sampson
+shorn of his locks and deprived of his vision. The use of tobacco
+may seem to soothe the feelings, and quicken the operations of the
+mind; but to what purpose is it that the machine is furiously running
+and buzzing after the balance wheel is taken off?"</p>
+
+<p>The late Gov. Sullivan, speaking of the use of tobacco, says, "It
+has never failed to render me dull and heavy, to interrupt my usual
+alertness of thought, and to weaken the powers of my mind in analyzing
+subjects and defining ideas."</p>
+
+<p>The actual loss of <i>intellectual</i> power, which tobacco has hitherto
+occasioned, and is still causing, in this Christian nation, is immense.
+How immense, it is impossible accurately to calculate. Many a man
+who might have been a giant, has not risen above mediocrity; and
+many a man who might have been respectable and useful, has sunk
+into obscurity, and buried his talents in the earth. This is a consideration
+of deepest interest to every philanthropist, patriot, and
+Christian in the land, and especially to all our youth. We live at
+a time, and under circumstances, which call for the exertion of all
+our intellectual strength, cultivated, improved and sanctified, to the
+highest measure of possibility. Error, ignorance, and sin, must be
+met and vanquished; they must be met and vanquished by light and
+love. The eye of angels is upon us,&mdash;the eye of God is upon us,&mdash;and
+shall we fetter, and palsy, and ruin our intellectual capabilities,
+for the paltry pleasure of using one of the most poisonous, loathsome,
+and destructive weeds found in the whole vegetable kingdom? Let
+us rather shake off this abominable practice, and rise, as individuals
+and as a nation, in all our intellectual potency,&mdash;and let us go forth
+from day to day, to the noble purposes of our destiny, untrammelled
+by the quid, or the pipe, or the snuff-box; and before another generation
+shall lie down in the grave, our efforts and our example may
+cause the light of human science, and the light of civil and religious
+liberty, and the light of Bible truth, to blaze through all our valleys,<!-- Page 16 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>
+and over all our hills, from Greenland to Cape Horn,&mdash;and with a
+lustre that shall illumine the world.</p>
+
+<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p>
+
+<p class="posit">IV. From a consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon
+public and private <i>morals</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The ruinous effects of tobacco upon public and private morals, are
+seen in the idle, sauntering habits, which the use of it engenders,&mdash;in
+the benumbing, grovelling, stupid sensations which it induces,&mdash;but
+especially in perpetuating and extending the practice of using intoxicating
+drinks.</p>
+
+<p>Governor Sullivan has truly said, "that the tobacco pipe excites a
+demand for an extraordinary quantity of some beverage to supply the
+waste of glandular secretion, in proportion to the expense of saliva;
+and ardent spirits are the common substitutes; and the smoker is often
+reduced to a state of dram drinking, and finishes his life as a sot."</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Agnew has truly said, that "the use of the pipe leads to the
+immoderate use of ardent spirits."</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Rush has truly said, "that smoking and chewing tobacco, by
+rendering water and other simple liquors insipid to the taste, dispose
+very much to the stronger stimulus of ardent spirits; hence [says he]
+the practice of smoking cigars, has been followed by the use of brandy
+and water as common drink."</p>
+
+<p>A writer in the Genius of Temperance, says that his practice of
+smoking and chewing the filthy weed, "produced a continual thirst
+for stimulating drinks; and this tormenting thirst [says he] led me
+into the habit of drinking ale, porter, brandy, and other kinds of spirit,
+even to the extent, at times, of partial intoxication." He adds,
+"I reformed; and after I had subdued this appetite for tobacco, I
+lost all desire for stimulating drinks."</p>
+
+<p>Now the fact that some chew, and smoke, and snuff without becoming
+sots, proves nothing against the general principle, that it is
+the natural tendency of using tobacco to promote intoxication. Probably
+<i>one tenth</i>, at least, of all the drunkards annually made in the nation,
+and throughout the world, are made drunkards through the use
+of tobacco. If thirty thousand drunkards are made annually in the
+United States, three thousand must be charged to the use of tobacco.
+If thirty thousand drunkards die annually, in the United States, three
+thousand of these deaths must be charged to the use of tobacco. If
+twenty thousand criminals are sentenced to our penitentiaries in
+twenty years, through the influence of strong drink, two thousand
+must be charged to the use of tobacco. If fifty-six millions of gallons
+of ardent spirits have been annually consumed in this country,
+five and a half millions must be charged to the use of tobacco. And
+of all the Sabbath-breaking, profanity, quarrelling, and crime of every
+description, caused by the use of intoxicating drink; a tithe must
+be charged to the use of tobacco. And what friend of good morals,&mdash;what
+friend of man,&mdash;what friend of his country,&mdash;what friend of
+Christ and true religion,&mdash;and especially, what friend of the temperance
+cause,&mdash;can look at these results with the eye of candor and<!-- Page 17 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>
+compassion for his fellow-men, and then not deliberately resolve that
+he will never chew another quid, nor smoke another whiff, nor snuff
+another pinch of the dirty weed?</p>
+
+<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p>
+
+<p><span class="posit">V. From a consideration of the amazing <i>waste of property</i>, which
+the use of tobacco involves.</span> On this point I have been unable to obtain
+the means for making out a perfectly accurate statistical result.
+I can only approximate a definite calculation. This approximation,
+however, will serve all the purposes of this argument.</p>
+
+<p>We will examine <i>three items</i>: the <i>cost</i> of the article,&mdash;the <i>time</i> wasted
+by the use of it,&mdash;and the <i>pauperism</i> it occasions. From a statement
+lately furnished me from the Treasury department of our National
+Government, exhibiting the quantity and value of cigars and
+snuff, exported from and imported into the United States, annually,
+from 1st October, 1820 to 30th September, 1832, it appears that the
+value of cigars imported into the United States in 1821, was $113,601.
+In 1827 it was $174,931. In 1832 it was $473,134; while
+from the same document it appears that the value of cigars exported,
+in each of those years, was about one quarter the value of imports.</p>
+
+<p>Hence it appears that, in 1832, about half a million of dollars were
+paid for imported cigars; while in 1821, only $113,601 were paid;
+being more than a four-fold increase in eleven years. Whether
+there has been a corresponding increase in the value of domestic cigars
+consumed, I have no means of determining. From the fact of
+so prodigious an increase of imported cigars, I am led to fear that
+the evil of cigar smoking has increased in this country within ten
+years, far more rapidly than the increase of population. From this
+treasury document, it appears also, that in 1824, the value of unmanufactured
+tobacco exported from the United States, was</p>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table border="0" width="96%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="export value 1824">
+  <col style="width:82.5%;" /><col style="width:17.5%;" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+    <tr>
+      <td class="lj">&nbsp;</td>
+      <td class="rj">$4,855,566</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td class="lj">Of manufactured tobacco, the value was</td>
+      <td class="rj">2,477,990</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td class="lj">Of snuff,</td>
+      <td class="rj">203,789</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td class="ljt">Making a total of</td>
+      <td class="rjtb">$7,537,345</td>
+    </tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p class="nobot">In 1832, the value of unmanufactured tobacco exported, was</p>
+<div class="center">
+<table border="0" width="96%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="export value 1832">
+  <col style="width:82.5%;" /><col style="width:17.5%;" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+    <tr>
+      <td class="lj">&nbsp;</td>
+      <td class="rj">$5,999,769</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td class="lj">Of manufactured tobacco,</td>
+      <td class="rj">3,456,071</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td class="lj">Of snuff,</td>
+      <td class="rj">295,771</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td class="ljt">Making a total of</td>
+      <td class="rjtb">$9,751,611</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td class="lj">for 1832, and an increase from the year 1824, of</td>
+      <td class="rj">$2,214,266</td>
+    </tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p>Whether the quantity consumed in this country equals the quantity
+exported, or exceeds that quantity, I have no data enabling me to
+give a definite answer. But from the fact that large quantities of tobacco
+are raised in various other parts of the world, for foreign consumption;
+and from the fact that the people of this country are,
+above all other people under the sun, a chewing, smoking, snuffing
+people; I have very little doubt that the amount used in this country<!-- Page 18 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>
+is double that exported. If so, the sum total paid annually, for this
+vile weed, in this christian country, is $19,503,222. But as I wish in
+this examination, to put the estimate <i>below</i> rather than <i>above</i> the truth,
+I will set down the value of tobacco, cigars, and snuff, consumed annually
+in this nation, as equal to the amount exported; that is, in
+round numbers, $10,000,000.</p>
+
+<p>That this is a very <i>low</i> estimate, will appear by another conclusive
+calculation.</p>
+
+<p>According to the census of 1830, the population of the U. States,
+over twenty years of age, is about six millions. Suppose one in four
+of our adult population, use tobacco in some form; (and this is a
+very moderate supposition,) it gives one million, five hundred thousand:
+and suppose one in twelve of those who have not reached the
+age of twenty, use it; it gives five hundred thousand more: making
+a total of two millions&mdash;or one sixth of our population&mdash;who use tobacco
+in some form.</p>
+
+<p>Now suppose the expense to the consumers of this noxious drug,
+varies according to the quantity, and mode of using it. The expense
+to some is two dollars a year, to some it is five, and to others
+ten, twenty, and even fifty dollars a year. A laboring man, of my
+acquaintance, who did not use tobacco extravagantly, and only by
+chewing, told me that it cost him five dollars a year. A young lady
+of my acquaintance, says her snuff costs eight dollars a year. If
+a man pay three cents a day for cigars, it amounts to ten dollars,
+ninety-five cents a year. If he pay six cents, it amounts to twenty-one
+dollars, ninety cents a year. If he pay twelve and a half cents,
+it amounts to forty-four dollars, sixty-two cents a year.</p>
+
+<p>It is the opinion of good judges, that very many, who smoke freely
+and use Spanish cigars, pay more than fifty dollars a year for
+this foolish gratification.</p>
+
+<p>King James, in his "Counterblast," says, "Some of the gentry
+of this land, bestow three, some four hundred pounds a year, upon
+this precious stink."</p>
+
+<p>It will certainly be a moderate calculation to put down one quarter
+of the consumers at two dollars a year,&mdash;one quarter at five,&mdash;one
+quarter at eight,&mdash;and one quarter at ten dollars a year. Then
+the several items will stand thus:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table border="0" width="96%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="consumption">
+  <col style="width:82.5%;" /><col style="width:17.5%;" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+    <tr>
+      <td class="lj">Half a million at two dollars, is</td>
+      <td class="rj">$1,000,000</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td class="lj">Half a million at five dollars, is</td>
+      <td class="rj">2,500,000</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td class="lj">Half a million at eight dollars, is</td>
+      <td class="rj">4,000,000</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td class="lj">Half a million at ten dollars, is</td>
+      <td class="rj"> 5,000,000</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td class="ljtt">Total</td>
+      <td class="rjtb">$12,500,000.</td>
+    </tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p>Again: the amount of tobacco annually consumed in France, as
+appears from authentic documents, is about seven millions of pounds;
+which is about one pound to every four persons. The amount annually
+consumed in England, as appears from authentic documents,
+is about seventeen millions; which is about one pound to every man,<!-- Page 19 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>
+woman and child, in that nation.<a name="FNanchor_C_3" id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> In the United States, probably
+there are eight times as much used as in France, and three times as
+much as in England, in proportion to our population. If so, the
+quantity used in this country cannot fall short of thirty-five millions
+of pounds;<a name="FNanchor_D_4" id="FNanchor_D_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a> which, at thirty cents a pound, amounts to ten and a
+half millions of dollars; not including cigars and snuff, which cost
+half as much more; making the total sum fifteen and three fourths
+millions of dollars. And this enormous sum is doubtless <i>below</i> what
+the article actually cost the consumers.</p>
+
+<p>From these <i>three</i> results, we believe there cannot be a doubt that
+the actual expense of tobacco, in its various forms, to the consumers
+in this country, may safely be set down at <i>ten millions of dollars a
+year</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The amount of <i>time</i> lost by the consumers of tobacco, is another
+item of no inconsiderable moment. Some spend two, three, and four
+hours a day in this vile indulgence. To all who use the article, in
+any way, it occasions the loss of more or less time. If we put down
+the average amount at half an hour a day; and reckon the time thus
+lost at four cents an hour, it will amount&mdash;not reckoning Sabbaths&mdash;to
+six dollars, twenty-six cents a year, for each individual; which,
+for the whole company of consumers, is an amount of $12,520,000.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>pauperism</i> which tobacco occasions, is another fearful item.
+Multitudes who are scarcely able to procure the necessaries of life,
+will shift, by sacrificing health and comfort, to procure the daily
+<i>quantum sufficit</i> of tobacco. Many very poor families use tobacco,
+in all ways. Now suppose a poor family use twenty-five cents'
+worth of tobacco a week; it will amount to twelve dollars fifty cents
+a year,&mdash;and in fifty years, reckoning principal and interest, it will
+amount to three thousand five hundred and fifty-two dollars.</p>
+
+<p>Just look at this tax for snuff and tobacco, in a single aspect more.
+Many think it will make <i>no</i> man the poorer, to pay six cents a day
+for this indulgence. It will make <i>every</i> man the poorer. Let any
+young mechanic, or farmer, or merchant, consume six and a quarter
+cents' worth of this drug a day&mdash;beginning at twenty years of
+age, and continuing until he is sixty years old&mdash;and the sum total,
+reckoning principal and interest, will amount, in these forty years,
+to three thousand five hundred and twenty-nine dollars, thirty-six
+cents.</p>
+
+<p>If the <i>cost</i> of tobacco,&mdash;the <i>neglect of business</i> which it occasions,&mdash;the
+expense of the <i>pipes</i> and the <i>boxes</i>, and the various <i>apparatus</i>
+which the use of it involves,&mdash;and the <i>intoxication</i> to which it leads,&mdash;all
+be reckoned up, the amount of <i>pauperism</i> which this weed
+brings upon the nation, cannot be less than one quarter of the sum
+total of all our pauperism. And the sum total of the pauperism in<!-- Page 20 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span>
+this nation, has been shown, again and again, to be not less than
+twelve millions of dollars, annually. Hence the pauper tax, occasioned
+by the use of tobacco, may be set down at three millions of
+dollars, annually.</p>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table border="0" width="96%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="consumption">
+  <col style="width:82.5%;" /><col style="width:17.5%;" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+    <tr>
+      <td class="lj">Here we have, then, the <i>expense</i> of tobacco,</td>
+      <td class="rj">$10,000,000</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td class="lj">The <i>time</i> lost by the use of it,</td>
+      <td class="rj">$12,520,000</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td class="lj">The <i>pauper tax</i> which it occasions,</td>
+      <td class="rj"> $3,000,000</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td class="ljtt">Total</td>
+      <td class="rjtb">$25,520,000</td>
+    </tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p>To this sum should be added one-tenth of the waste of property,
+which strong drink occasions; inasmuch as one-tenth of the rum-drinking
+must be charged to tobacco. Now, it has been estimated
+that the whole cost of strong drink used annually, in this country,
+amounts to one hundred and twenty-five millions of dollars; a tenth
+of which is twelve and a half millions of dollars. If this tithe be added
+to the above estimate, it will make the sum total thirty-eight and
+a half millions. But as I intend my estimates shall be <i>moderate</i>, I
+will say nothing of the waste of property which tobacco occasions in
+connection with strong drink. I will put down the sum total as
+above twenty-five millions of dollars.</p>
+
+<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars, consumed by the use of tobacco,
+in this Christian nation, annually; and not a little of it by professors
+of religion, and ministers of the gospel, who are required by
+their Lord and Master to deny themselves,&mdash;to take up their cross,&mdash;to
+let their light shine before men, that they may see their good
+works, and glorify our Father in heaven. Nearly the whole of this
+twenty-five millions of dollars is a <i>dead loss</i> to the nation; yes, it is
+infinitely <i>worse</i> than a dead loss; it not only does no good, but it
+actually goes to make fools and beggars, idlers and sots,&mdash;to purchase
+dyspepsia, early graves and everlasting shame. And what would
+this vast amount of property accomplish, if saved and devoted to useful
+purposes.</p>
+
+<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars annually, if applied to the improvement
+of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and to the advancement
+of the arts, sciences, and true religion, would accomplish
+everything for this nation, that the enlightened patriot and true
+Christian can ask for.</p>
+
+<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, would soon furnish canals,
+and rail-roads, and all other desirable facilities for intercommunication
+throughout the nation. Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually,
+would sustain all our colleges, academies and other schools,
+and all the religious and benevolent institutions of this whole country.
+It would rear seminaries of learning in every State where they are
+needed; and it would plant a Sabbath school, with a sufficient library
+in every school district.</p>
+
+<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, if applied in all feasible
+and suitable ways, would give freedom, with all the blessings of
+Christianity to the colored race in our own country, and throughout<!-- Page 21 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span>
+the continent of Africa in a very few years: and would terminate
+slavery and the slave-trade in every part of the world.</p>
+
+<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars annually, would send forth to the
+nations now perishing in heathen darkness, ten thousand missionaries,
+and five millions of tracts, every year, provided the men could
+be found.</p>
+
+<p>Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, would, in five years, furnish
+all the money necessary to carry into complete execution, that
+noble purpose of the American Bible Society, of giving a copy of the
+Bible, within a specified time, to every accessible family on the
+earth. And what friend of man is there among us,&mdash;what patriot
+is there,&mdash;what Christian is there,&mdash;who can look at these truths,
+and not make up his mind to abandon all use of tobacco, <i>forever</i>;
+and to exert the whole weight of his influence and example to persuade
+others to do the same?</p>
+
+<p>I am aware, indeed, that it may be said, if the whole company of
+tobacco-chewers, smokers, and snuffers, should at once abandon all
+use of this weed, and thus withdraw their whole patronage, this
+twenty-five millions of dollars, which now gives wealth to many a
+man engaged in growing, manufacturing, and vending the poison,
+would be so much capital unemployed; and the means of living
+would be cut off from many a family,&mdash;and bankruptcy, and wretchedness
+would be the consequent portion of many an individual. This
+may be true. And it may be true, too, that the like consequences
+would follow the universal abandonment of intoxicating liquors. But
+what then? Shall one sixth part of the nation continue to use this
+poison, because, forsooth, the <i>producers</i> and <i>venders</i> of it will lose
+their profits if it be abandoned? Shall the <i>intellect</i>, and <i>health</i>, and
+<i>comfort</i>, and <i>wealth</i>, and <i>lives</i> of hundreds and thousands of our fellow
+citizens, be sacrificed yearly; and widows and orphans be multiplied
+by scores and fifties, in every section of this wide-spreading
+country; and one of the prominent auxiliaries of <i>intemperance</i>,&mdash;and
+consequently of <i>crime</i>, and <i>insanity</i>, and <i>eternal woe</i>&mdash;be cherished;
+and twenty-five millions of dollars be <i>wasted</i>, and worse than wasted;
+and all this, that the <i>producers</i> and <i>venders</i> may feed and fatten on
+the gains? This objection lies equally against the temperance reform
+and every other reform, where cupidity and avarice are involved.</p>
+
+<p>As to the producers, it is affirmed on good authority, that hemp
+and corn, and other useful articles may be substituted without loss,
+and even with advantage. As to the venders, their capital may all
+be profitably employed upon valuable merchandise, without damage.
+But if it were not so; where <i>health</i>, <i>life</i>, and <i>happiness</i> are involved,
+no good man can hesitate. The path of duty is plain. We are bound
+to walk in it, even though it run counter to the gains of those engaged
+in unlawful commerce.</p>
+
+<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p>
+
+<p class="posit">VI. From a consideration of the <i>mortality</i> which tobacco occasions.</p>
+
+<p>Some of my readers may be startled at this consideration. They<!-- Page 22 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span>
+may not have dreamed, even, that tobacco <i>kills</i> any body. So insidious
+are the effects of this poison, and so insensible have the community
+been to its abominations, that very few have regarded the use of
+tobacco as the cause of swelling our bills of mortality. But though
+appalling, it is nevertheless true, that tobacco carries vast multitudes
+to the grave, all over our country, every year. Says Dr. Salmon,
+"I am confident more people have died of apoplexies, since the use
+of snuff in one year, than have died of that disease in an hundred
+years before; and most, if not all, whom I have observed to die, of
+late of that disease, were extreme and constant snuff-takers." The
+late Rev. Dr. Samuel Cooper, of Boston, by constant use of snuff,
+brought on a disorder of the head, which was thought to have ended
+his days. A very large quantity of hardened Scotch snuff was found,
+by a <i>post mortem</i> examination, between the external nose and the
+brain. The late Gov. Sullivan, speaking of Gov. Hancock, the early
+President of Congress, says, "Gov. Hancock was an immoderate
+chewer of tobacco; but being a well-bred man, and a perfect gentleman,
+he, from a sense of decorum, refrained from spitting in company,
+or in well-dressed rooms. This produced the habit of swallowing
+the juice of the tobacco, the consequence of which was, his stomach
+became inactive, and a natural appetite seldom returned; the
+agreeable sensations of hunger could not be experienced but by the
+use of stimulants, to satisfy which he swallowed more food than his
+digestive powers could dispose of. This derangement in chylification
+increased his gout, his stomach became paralytic, and he died at the
+age of fifty-eight."</p>
+
+<p>Again, says Governor Sullivan, "My own brother, the active
+General Sullivan, began early in life to take snuff. It injured essentially
+a fine voice which he possessed as a public speaker. When
+he was an officer in the American army, he carried his snuff loose
+in his pocket. He said he did this because the opening of a snuff-box
+in the field of review, or on the field of battle, was inconvenient.
+At times he had violent pains in the head; the intervals grew shorter
+and shorter, and the returns more violent, when his sufferings
+ended in a stroke of palsy, which rendered him insensible to pain,
+made him helpless and miserable, and lodged him in the grave before
+he was fifty years of age; and I have no doubt [says the Governor,]
+but all this sprung from the use of snuff." He adds, "I have known
+some persons live to old age, in the extravagant use of tobacco; but
+they bear a small proportion to those who, by the habit of using tobacco,
+have been swept into the grave in <i>early</i> or <i>middle</i> life."</p>
+
+<p>Professor Silliman mentions two affecting cases of young men,
+in the Institution with which he is connected, who were carried to
+an early grave by tobacco. One of them, he says, entered college
+with an athletic frame; but he acquired the habit of using tobacco,
+and would sit and smoke by the hour together. His friends tried to
+persuade him to quit the practice; but he loved his lust, and would
+have it, live or die: the consequence was, he went down to the
+grave, a suicide.<!-- Page 23 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One of the German periodicals says, the chief German physiologists
+compute, that of twenty deaths of men between eighteen and
+twenty-five, ten, that is, one half, originate in the waste of the constitution
+by smoking. They declare, also, with much truth, that tobacco
+burns out the <i>blood</i>, the <i>teeth</i>, the <i>eyes</i>, and the <i>brain</i>.</p>
+
+<p>To this unequivocal testimony, which is confirmed by the observation
+of every intelligent person who has turned his attention to this
+matter, much more might be added; but it is unnecessary. How
+large a proportion of the twenty thousand deaths&mdash;reckoning one
+death to a hundred souls&mdash;which occur annually, among the two
+millions of tobacco consumers in this country, are to be charged to
+the use of this deadly narcotic, I am unable definitely to determine.
+If we suppose one quarter of these deaths to be caused by tobacco,
+it will give us the number of five thousand. Five thousand deaths
+in these United States, every year from the use of tobacco! and
+this is doubtless far below the actual number. Five thousand valuable
+lives sacrificed in this enlightened land, annually, in the use of
+a dirty plant, that no living creature, except man and the tobacco
+worm, will touch, or taste, or handle. Five thousand men and women
+carried to the grave, yearly, by a poisonous weed, which does
+<i>no good</i>, and which, for filthiness and disgust, scarcely has its parallel
+in the whole vegetable kingdom. Is there a <i>Christian</i>,&mdash;is there
+a <i>patriot</i>,&mdash;is there a <i>friend</i> of humanity,&mdash;is there an <i>individual</i>, that
+values his own probationary existence,&mdash;who can look at the sweeping
+mortality which tobacco brings upon the nation, and longer indulge
+his attachment to his quid, his pipe or his snuff-box? Is there
+one who will pause and look at this matter, and not resolve that he
+will, <i>forthwith</i>, <i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>, abandon a practice which does
+so much to people the grave?</p>
+
+<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p>
+
+<p class="posit">VII.&mdash;From a consideration of the <i>apologies</i> of the lovers of tobacco.</p>
+
+<p>I call them <i>apologies</i>. They cannot be considered <i>reasons</i>. Almost
+every lover of the dirty weed, feels that he needs an apology. One
+will tell us he has a cold, watery stomach, and he thinks that tobacco,
+by promoting expectoration, relieves the difficulty. Another
+will tell us he is very much troubled with indigestion, and he thinks
+tobacco relieves the difficulty; though, in truth, tobacco is the very
+worst drug he could use to relieve that disease, and is among the
+primordial causes of inducing it. Another will tell us that he is afflicted
+with the rising of his food after eating, and he thinks tobacco
+gives immediate relief; not suspecting, perhaps, that this rising of
+the food is occasioned by over eating. Another will tell us he has
+a distressing difficulty in the head, and brain, and he thinks a little
+good Scotch snuff affords relief; as though the filling the pores,
+and cavities of the head, and clogging up the brain, with this dirty
+stuff, would remove a disease which in most cases it originates.</p>
+
+<p>Others use tobacco to preserve the teeth; and this, though it is a
+solemn truth, that many a one loses his teeth by smoking and chew<!-- Page 24 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>ing
+the poisonous plant. Others, again, use tobacco to excite the
+mind to more vigorous intellectual effort. But when and where do
+we find great lovers of tobacco great students, and intellectual giants?
+Dr. Rush says, "I suspect tobacco is oftener used for the
+<i>want</i> of ideas, than to excite them." There are some whose apology
+for using tobacco is, that it guards them against the power of
+contagious diseases. But Dr. Rees affirms that tobacco does not
+contain an antidote against contagion, and that, in general, it has no
+antiseptic power; and is therefore of no special use. There is
+another class still, who use tobacco because it soothes the irksomeness
+of life. They fear solitude; and to prevent self-examination,
+and to while away their probation time, they fly to the <i>pipe</i>, <i>quid</i>, and
+<i>snuff-box</i>; and soon, by an easy transition, to the wine-glass and
+brandy-bottle.</p>
+
+<p>These are the <i>usual apologies</i> of the devotees to tobacco. And
+what do they amount to? In truth, the common opinion that tobacco
+is good for the head-ache,&mdash;weak eyes,&mdash;cold and watery stomachs,&mdash;the
+preservation of the teeth,&mdash;and the like, is sheer delusion.
+Let every man and woman, who would live long, and usefully, and
+happily, awake from this delusion; and let no one, as he values
+health, life, and salvation, <i>taste</i>, <i>touch</i>, or <i>handle</i>, the filthy poison.</p>
+
+<p class="posit">I maintain my position,</p>
+
+<p><span class="posit">VIII, <span class="smcap">and lastly</span>.&mdash;From a consideration of the <i>eternal ruin</i>
+which tobacco occasions.</span> On this point, a word or two only, will
+suffice. That tobacco carries many a soul down to the pit of eternal
+woe, is manifest from its connection with drunkenness, and from
+its inducing disease and death. Every man who dies a drunkard,
+and every man who, knowingly and recklessly, brings upon
+himself disease and death through the influence of tobacco, is a
+<i>suicide</i>. And drunkards and suicides cannot inherit the kingdom of
+God. How many will at last, ascribe their eternal ruin to alcohol
+and tobacco, cannot now be told.</p>
+
+<p>That it will be a great multitude, (perhaps a great multitude which
+no man can number,) we have no reason to doubt.</p>
+
+<p>What then, I ask, <i>ought</i> to be <i>done</i>? What <i>can</i> be done? What
+<i>must</i> be done? If this poisonous narcotic be of <i>recent</i> origin; if it
+be ruinous to the <i>health</i> and <i>constitution</i>, and <i>intellect</i>, and <i>public</i>
+and <i>private morals</i>; if it occasions an amazing <i>waste of property</i>,&mdash;and
+a multitude of <i>deaths</i>,&mdash;and <i>eternal ruin</i> to many precious souls;
+and if it do no good,&mdash;and there be no <i>apology</i> for using it, which
+will bear examination; then <i>something ought to be done</i>, and it ought
+to be done <i>immediately</i>. And, <i>only one</i> thing need be done. And
+that <i>can</i> be done, and it ought to be done. It is this:&mdash;<i>tobacco can
+be abandoned</i>. And if moral influence enough can be enlisted, it <i>will</i>
+be abandoned.</p>
+
+<p>TOTAL ABSTINENCE is the only sure remedy. TOTAL
+ABSTINENCE will deliver us from all the evils which this weed
+has brought down upon individuals and families, and the nation.&mdash;Nothing
+else will do it. And total abstinence can be adopted and<!-- Page 25 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>
+practiced. True; in some cases, it may cost an <i>effort</i>; but, in every
+instance, three weeks' perseverance will overcome the habit.
+Three weeks' <i>total abstinence</i>, will disenthrall every victim, and give
+him the prospect of <i>freedom</i>, <i>plenty</i>, <i>health</i>, and <i>happiness</i>. And
+shall this effort be made? A <i>mighty</i> effort it must be, to liberate and
+save this whole nation&mdash;and especially our young men and maidens&mdash;from
+the curses of the <i>quid</i>, the <i>pipe</i>, and the <i>snuff-box</i>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to my fellow citizens. I appeal to the <i>nation</i>, and the
+<i>whole nation</i>.</span> <i>Shall</i> the effort be made?</p>
+
+<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to <i>patriots</i>.</span> Patriotism forbids the man who loves his
+country, to shrink from any personal sacrifice, if he can thereby arrest
+some great national evil. That the use of tobacco is a great national
+evil, appears from the considerations which have been laid before
+you. It has been shown that tobacco is weakening the physical
+and mental energies of this nation,&mdash;that it is depraving our morals,
+and destroying the public conscience,&mdash;and that it is causing an amazing
+waste of property, and health and life. I ask every patriot to
+look at this portentous evil. Every true patriot, who will examine
+the length, breadth, and depth of this evil, cannot but feel that it
+claims his attention. And he will enquire what efforts, what sacrifices,
+can deliver us from the curses of this narcotic? The answer
+to this inquiry is an <i>easy</i> answer,&mdash;the effort is an <i>easy</i> effort,&mdash;the
+sacrifice is an <i>easy</i> sacrifice. Let every true patriot in our country
+abstain from the poison, <i>immediately</i>, <i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>; and let
+him use the whole weight of his influence and example to persuade
+others&mdash;and especially the young men and maidens of this republic&mdash;to
+practice entire abstinence; and the work will soon be done.
+We put the question to every true patriot: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to <i>Christians</i>.</span> Your religion requires you to abstain
+from the very appearance of evil. It requires you to deny yourselves,
+to take up your cross, and to follow Christ through evil, as well
+as through good report. Is there no appearance of evil, in the use
+of tobacco? Can the Christian deny himself and follow Christ, with
+the quid, or pipe in his mouth, or the contents of the snuff-box in
+his nose? If Christ himself, were here on earth, in this age of action,
+when six hundred millions of men, for whom he died, are perishing
+for lack of vision&mdash;think you he would waste a single cent of
+<i>property</i>, or a single moment of <i>time</i>, or a single ounce of health
+and mental energy, in the habitual use of this narcotic? Would he
+<i>handle</i>, <i>touch</i>, or <i>taste</i>, the poison? And will <i>you</i>, whose names are
+written in his book,&mdash;<i>you</i>, who have been bought with his blood,
+and sanctified through his grace, and made heirs of all the riches of
+his kingdom,&mdash;<i>you</i>, whom he requires to be <i>examples</i> in all things,&mdash;will
+you <i>handle</i>, or <i>touch</i> or <i>taste</i> it? Let every Christian in our
+country, abstain from this poison, <i>immediately</i>, <i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>;
+and let him use the whole weight of his influence and example, to
+persuade others to practice <i>entire abstinence</i>; and this work of reform
+will soon be done. We put the question to every true Christian:<span class="appeal">
+<i>will you do it</i>?</span><!-- Page 26 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to the <i>youth</i> of both sexes.</span> You are the flower and the
+hope not only of this nation, but of all nations struggling for freedom.
+The destinies of this republic are about being placed, under
+God, in your hands; and inasmuch as all the friends of freedom,
+everywhere, are looking up to our institutions for light and aid, the
+destinies of the world will rest with a mightier weight of responsibility
+upon your shoulders, than upon any other generation that has
+come forth upon the stage of action, for twenty centuries. The importance
+of sound and enlightened principles&mdash;of pure and elevated
+examples, and independent and decided action in <i>you</i>, is above all
+estimation. You are placed in the moral Thermopyl&aelig; of the world.
+The evils arising from <i>alcohol</i> and <i>tobacco</i>, which you have it in your
+power to avert from your country, are more dreadful than the invasion
+of Xerxes with his millions. The cause of moral reform, in
+the use of the latter of these articles, which we urge upon you with
+deepest and sincerest solicitude, is far more urgent than that in which
+the Bruti and the Gracchi offered up their lives. Some of you have
+not yet handled or tasted the fatal drug. Let all such stand firm
+henceforward, and never yield to the power of custom, temptation
+and lust. Some of you, on the other hand, have permitted yourselves
+to become the victims of this drug. Let all such be urged
+by the voice of patriotism, religion, self-respect, reason, conscience,
+and duty, to <i>abstain</i> from this poison, <i>immediately</i>, <i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>.
+And then every young man, and every young woman, in the
+republic, shall be free from all the calamities attending the use of
+this narcotic; and love, and peace, and joy, will run through the
+land, and flow over the world. We put the question to every
+youth: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to the <i>friends of temperance</i>.</span> You have enlisted your energies
+to expel intoxicating drinks from common use throughout the
+world. Go on, and prosper. But, as you go, remember, that complete
+success will not crown your exertions unless you are consistent,&mdash;unless
+you abandon all use of tobacco, the companion and sister
+of alcohol. As you go forth to the noble work you have undertaken,
+you will be met at every corner, with the declaration of A. B.
+and C., <i>I</i> am ready to abstain from alcohol when <i>you</i> do from tobacco;
+and how effectually will this declaration shut your mouth, and
+destroy your influence. Be <i>consistent</i>. Carry your principles into
+<i>all</i> your evil habits, and a moral potency will be diffused through
+what you say and do, that nothing can resist. We put the question
+to every friend of temperance: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to American <i>females</i>.</span> As mothers, wives and daughters,
+you have it in your power (without turning aside from your appropriate
+duties) to put an end to the use of this disgusting weed. The
+children and youth of this nation, to say nothing of the young men
+and fathers, are almost exclusively under your control; and may be
+moulded at your pleasure. You know how <i>filthy</i>, <i>disgusting</i>, <i>ruinous</i>,
+is the practice against which we ask you to set your faces. Only
+practice ENTIRE ABSTINENCE yourselves, and urge this
+practice upon all within your reach; and in less than twenty years,<!-- Page 27 --><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>
+this reformation will be completed. We put the question to every
+mother, wife, daughter: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="appeal">I appeal to the <i>medical</i> profession.</span> You are the guardians of the
+health of the republic. You are acquainted with the deadly properties
+of the drug in question. You can understand the necessity, and
+appreciate the importance of reform. You know that <i>entire abstinence</i>
+is urged by paramount considerations. In the work of reform
+from spirit-drinking, you have acted in a manner that reflects honor
+upon your profession. In the work of reform now urged upon your
+notice, we calculate upon your active, hearty co-operation. If you
+put your hand to this work, by <i>precept</i>, and by <i>example</i>; if you abstain
+<i>entirely</i>, and <i>forever</i>, from all use of this plant, and inculcate
+entire abstinence, as you have opportunity; the work which now
+bespeaks your attention will soon be done. We put the question to
+every medical man: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="appeal">Finally&mdash;I appeal to <i>ministers</i> of the Gospel.</span> You are stationed
+on the watch-towers of Zion, as guardians of the public morals.
+Against every abomination your great Master requires you to cry
+aloud and spare not; to lift up your voice like a trumpet; to show
+the people their transgressions, and the house of Jacob their sins.
+He requires you to be <i>examples</i> to the flock, in all things, that, while</p>
+
+<p class="center" style="font-size:90%">"You allure to brighter worlds,"</p>
+
+<p>you "may lead the way." I ask you to look at the influence of tobacco
+upon the <i>health</i>, <i>wealth</i>, <i>morals</i>, and <i>lives</i> of this republic; and
+then to decide, as in the fear of God, whether the blood of souls may
+not be found on your garments, if you do not <i>abstain</i> yourselves
+from all common use of this drug, and warn every man around you
+to do likewise.<a name="FNanchor_E_5" id="FNanchor_E_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_5" class="fnanchor">[E]</a> Suffer us to point you to Him who went about doing
+good, and pleased not himself, and set a pure and perfect example in
+everything; and also to that early servant of his, who would abstain
+from things good and lawful, rather than prejudice the interests of
+Zion. What reception would the Apostles have met, when they
+went about to enlighten and reform the world, if they had carried
+with them their <i>snuff-boxes</i>, <i>pipes</i>, <i>cigars</i>, and <i>pig-tail</i> tobacco? But
+a word to the wise is sufficient. Let all who minister in holy things,
+abstain from this poison, immediately, entirely, and forever; and
+let them use the whole weight of their influence, and example, to
+persuade others&mdash;and especially our youth&mdash;to practice entire abstinence;
+and this good work will soon be done. We put the question
+to every minister of Christ: <span class="appeal"><i>will you do it</i>?</span></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<h4 class="footnotes">FOOTNOTES</h4>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> It has recently been affirmed that there is a dirty goat in South America which
+will eat this dirty plant.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Extracts in point might here be given from numerous letters received by the
+Author, since the publication of the first edition; but it is unnecessary.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> The tobacco imported and used for home consumption in Great Britain and
+Ireland in 1832, amounted to 20,313,651 pounds&mdash;the duty on which was 15,300,000
+dollars.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_D_4" id="Footnote_D_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_4"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> 1,765,000 pounds of tobacco passed up the Erie Canal in seven and a half
+months in 1834.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_E_5" id="Footnote_E_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_5"><span class="label">[E]</span></a> Says a distinguished correspondent&mdash;the most efficient officer of one of our benevolent
+institutions, "Not long since a clergyman called on me as agent for one
+of the most popular Societies for spreading the knowledge of Christ crucified
+throughout the world: his breath was intolerable, and the tobacco juice had formed
+a current from each corner of his mouth downward. I need not describe to
+you my feelings at this exhibition."</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="major" />
+<h2>JUST PUBLISHED.</h2>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Facts and Important Information from distinguished Physicians
+and other sources</span>." Fourth Edition. Published by Geo.
+Gregory. For sale by D. S. King, 1 Cornhill, Jordan &amp; Co., 121
+Washington St., Boston&mdash;John S. Taylor, 145 Nassau St., N. Y.&mdash;Wm.
+Aplin, 65 South Main Street, Providence.</p>
+
+<p>Price&mdash;12 1-2 cts. single, $1 per dozen, $8 a hundred, and $7 a
+hundred, by the thousand. All communications addressed, post paid,
+to either of the sellers, and all orders accompanied with the cash,
+will receive prompt attention.</p>
+
+<p>This little work relates to an important subject and it has met with
+a remarkably favorable reception; as shown by the fact, that four
+editions&mdash;<i>twenty thousand</i> copies in all&mdash;have been published within
+ten months; and the sale is rapidly increasing.</p>
+
+<hr class="minor" />
+<h4>RECOMMENDATIONS.</h4>
+
+<p><i>The following highly valuable testimonials are from President</i> <span class="smcap">Edwards</span>,
+<i>Professor</i> <span class="smcap">Stuart</span>, <i>Rev. Dr.</i> <span class="smcap">Woods</span>, <i>and Professor</i> <span class="smcap">Emerson</span>,
+<i>of the Andover Theological Seminary</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Having read the <span class="smcap">Facts</span>, &amp;c., I am satisfied that it is well adapted
+to do good, and wish that it may have an extensive circulation among
+the youth of our country.</p>
+
+<p class="nobot"><i>Andover, Aug. 16, 1841</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="rightsig">J. EDWARDS.</p>
+<hr class="minor" />
+
+<p class="rightsig"><i>Andover, 29th, July, 1841</i>.</p>
+
+<p>I have read a pamphlet entitled "<span class="smcap">Facts</span>, etc., from <span class="smcap">Distinguished
+Physicians and Other Sources</span>," respecting a vice which is undermining
+the health and happiness of many, and degrading them, in
+some respects, below the brute creation.</p>
+
+<p>I think there is nothing in the manner of this pamphlet which can
+be matter of just offence to any considerate mind. I am persuaded,
+that, delicate as the task may be, the time has come when benevolence
+demands that some effort should be made to enlighten the public
+mind on the subject of which this pamphlet treats; and both the
+remarks of the pamphlet, and the facts stated in it, seem to be well
+adapted for this purpose. Most heartily do I wish success to that
+benevolence which is willing to undertake a task so delicate and so
+difficult as this.</p>
+
+<p>It is time for those who love the purity, the well-being and the
+most interesting relations of human society, to speak out upon a vice
+which is dangerous in proportion to the secrecy and silence in
+which it has been involved.</p>
+
+<p class="nobot33">We fully concur in the above.</p>
+
+<p class="rightsig">
+M. STUART.<br />
+L. WOODS.<br />
+R. EMERSON.
+</p>
+
+<div class="promo">
+<p>Recommended by the Boston Recorder, Zion's Herald, and many other papers;
+also by numerous clergymen, teachers, physicians, &amp;c.</p>
+<hr class="minor" />
+<p>Dr. Woodward, of the Worcester Hospital, has done much to expose this solitary
+vice. He says no cause is more influential in producing insanity. According
+to the Report of the Institution, for 1838, out of 199 patients, 42 are considered victims
+of masturbation.</p>
+
+<h4>RECOMMENDATIONS.</h4>
+
+<p class="center"><i>From President Humphrey, of Amherst College.</i></p>
+
+<p class="rightsig"><span class="smcap">Amherst College</span>, April 17, 1842.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rev. Orin Fowler</span>:&mdash;Rev. and Dear Sir&mdash;I thank you heartily for your
+pamphlet, on the use of that vile narcotic, <i>tobacco</i>. It ought to be the abhorring
+of all mankind, as it is of all other flesh; and the extensive circulation
+of your timely and powerful antidote, cannot fail of doing great good. The
+public in general have no idea of the enormous expense of smoking and
+chewing in this country; much less of the waste of health and life occasioned
+by it. I rejoice that your essay begins to be loudly called for, and wish that
+as many copies might be circulated as there are miserable slaves to the habit,
+which, next to alcoholic drinking, is stupefying more brains, and probably
+shortening more lives than any other.</p>
+
+<p class="nobot33">
+Very sincerely and affectionately yours,</p>
+<p class="rightsig">H. HUMPHREY.</p>
+
+<hr class="minor" />
+<p class="center"><i>From Rev. M. Tucker, D. D.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Providence</span>, April 30, 1842.</p>
+
+<p>I have read with interest the Rev. Orin Fowler's Essay on the evils of the
+use of Tobacco. A perusal cannot fail to convince every candid mind. The
+use of tobacco in most cases is an evil. The subject is ably discussed in this
+essay. The arguments are sound, the facts abundant, and the conclusions
+fair and forcible. They who can resist such appeals must be slaves indeed.
+I shall rejoice in its wide circulation.</p>
+
+<p class="rightsig">M. TUCKER.</p>
+
+<hr class="minor" />
+<p class="center"><i>From Edward C. Delevan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>E. C. Delevan, former Secretary of the New York State Temperance Society,
+says, in a letter to the author&mdash;"The subject of your Essay is one of
+immense importance to the world and to the temperance cause. The use of this
+vile weed has been the medium of forming the appetite for strong drink, and
+ultimately destroying thousands of the most promising youth of our country.
+You will hardly ever meet with an intemperate person without finding him
+addicted to the use of tobacco. The public only want light on this important
+subject, to act. Your able and convincing Disquisition will be the means of
+doing much good. I hope funds will be provided to furnish a copy to each
+clergyman in the United States. Send me one thousand copies of the second
+edition, as soon as it is from the press."</p>
+
+<p>For other recommendations, see 7th and 8th pages.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Price</span>.&mdash;12 1-2 single, $1 per dozen, $8 a hundred, and $7 a hundred by
+the thousand.</p>
+
+<p>The co-operation of Societies, and of benevolent individuals, is earnestly
+requested, in this important reform. Young men are invited to engage in
+circulating this work.</p>
+
+<p>All communications addressed post paid, to either of the Booksellers named
+on the cover; and all orders accompanied with the cash, will receive prompt
+attention.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="tnote">
+<p class="center">Transcriber&#8217;s Note</p>
+<p>Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as possible,
+including obsolete and variant spellings and other inconsistencies.</p>
+<p>Minor punctuation and printing errors have been corrected.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Disquisition on the Evils of Using
+Tobacco, by Orin Fowler
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+</pre>
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+</body>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco, by
+Orin Fowler
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Disquisition on the Evils of Using Tobacco
+       and the Necessity of Immediate and Entire Reformation
+
+Author: Orin Fowler
+
+Release Date: January 20, 2008 [EBook #24366]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVILS OF TOBACCO ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Garcia, Joe Longo and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Kentuckiana Digital Library)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+A
+
+DISQUISITION
+
+ON THE
+
+EVILS OF USING TOBACCO,
+
+AND THE NECESSITY OF
+
+IMMEDIATE AND ENTIRE REFORMATION.
+
+By REV. ORIN FOWLER A. M.
+
+THIRD EDITION.
+
+BOSTON:
+
+PUBLISHED BY GEO. GREGORY.
+
+For sale by D. S. KING, No. 1 Cornhill; JORDAN & CO. 121
+Washington Street. NEW YORK: JOHN S. TAYLOR,
+145 Nassau Street. PROVIDENCE: WM.
+APLIN, 65 South Main St.
+1842.
+
+
+
+
+A
+
+DISQUISITION
+
+ON THE
+
+EVILS OF USING TOBACCO,
+
+AND THE NECESSITY OF
+
+IMMEDIATE AND ENTIRE REFORMATION.
+
+Delivered before the Fall River Lyceum, and before the Congregation to whom
+the Author statedly ministers
+
+BY ORIN FOWLER, A. M.,
+
+PASTOR OF THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN FALL RIVER, MASS.
+
+Third Edition.
+
+BOSTON:
+PUBLISHED BY GEO. GREGORY.
+
+For sale by D. S. KING, No. 1. Cornhill; JORDAN &. CO. 121
+Washington Street. NEW YORK: JOHN S. TAYLOR,
+145 Nassau Street. PROVIDENCE: WM.
+APLIN, 65 South Main St.
+
+1842.
+
+
+
+
+Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1842, by ORIN
+FOWLER, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTORY REMARKS,
+
+BY THE PUBLISHER.
+
+
+Among the evils which a vitiated appetite has fastened upon mankind,
+those that arise from the use of Tobacco hold a prominent place, and
+call loudly for reform. We pity the poor Chinese, who stupifies body and
+mind with opium, and the wretched Hindoo, who is under a similar slavery
+to his favorite plant, the Betel; but _we_ present the humiliating
+spectacle of an enlightened and christian nation, wasting annually more
+than twenty-five millions of dollars, and destroying the health and the
+lives of thousands, by a practice not at all less degrading than that of
+the Chinese or Hindoo.
+
+Whether, then, we consider the folly and indecency of the habit, or the
+waste of property, health and life which it occasions, it is time for
+the Patriot, the Philanthropist and the Christian, to put forth united,
+vigorous and systematic efforts to banish this injurious and disgusting
+habit from the community.
+
+It is a fact, that one reform not only prepares the way for another, but
+often so depends upon it, that the complete triumph of the one cannot be
+effected without that of the other. Such appears to be the relationship
+existing between the use of intoxicating drinks and that of the
+stimulating narcotic, tobacco. The use of tobacco almost always
+accompanies the use of alcoholic drinks, and it may be feared that total
+abstinence from the latter will not be _permanent_, unless there is also
+a total abstinence from the former. Our temperance brethren,
+particularly our worthy Washingtonians, will do well to bear this in
+mind.
+
+The tobacco reform, being similar to that of temperance, must be brought
+about by similar means. Information must be diffused, the evils of the
+practice exposed, and the attention of the public aroused to the
+subject. To aid in this, is the object of the following pamphlet, two
+editions of which have already been put in circulation, and it is said
+to have been re-published in England. The favorable reception of the
+former editions, as shown by the repeated editorial remarks, and the
+numerous letters of thanks addressed to the author, affords much
+encouragement for a vigorous prosecution of the enterprise. Three
+members of the church of which the author is pastor, placed at his
+disposal a sum sufficient to supply, gratuitously, each of the 1000
+Beneficiaries of the American Education Society, with a copy of the
+essay. Orders were furnished for bundles for distribution. An individual
+in Maine ordered 500 copies, and 1000 were ordered by E. C. Delevan, of
+New York, the distinguished advocate of Temperance.
+
+Let the friends of true reform remember the early days of the temperance
+cause, and take courage. All interested should exert themselves.
+Clergymen can do much by lecturing and other means. Churches should form
+Anti-Tobacco Societies, circulate information and induce as many as
+possible to take a stand against the evil, by enrolling their names on a
+_Pledge_.
+
+Teachers should speak on the subject, and endeavor to prevent the
+formation of so vile and tyranical a habit, by those under their
+influence; for it is a fact that lads in many of our public schools try
+to hasten their claims to _manliness_, by learning to chew, smoke or
+snuff. This being the case, we may expect, of course, to find these
+practices prevalent in our academies and colleges, our medical and our
+law schools and theological seminaries.
+
+In the early records of Harvard University, says Dr. Mussey, is a
+regulation ordering that "no scholar shall take tobacco unless permitted
+by the President, with the consent of his parents, on good reason first
+given by a physician, and then only in a sober and private manner." How
+different now! Probably one half, at least, of the students of our
+colleges are, not in a "sober and private manner," but publicly addicted
+to this slovenly and disgusting practice.
+
+As the use of tobacco is injurious to health, it is the duty of
+physicians to exert their influence against it. Their authority upon
+such subjects is generally respected, and is therefore very important.
+
+To the ladies, it would hardly seem necessary to say a word, in order to
+secure their aid in a reform that so intimately concerns themselves. In
+this matter, as in the vice of intemperance, woman, though comparatively
+innocent, is by far the greatest sufferer. With what a melancholy
+prospect does a young lady marry a man who uses the filthy plant in any
+form. He may _at first_ do it in a neat, or even a genteel manner, and
+neutralize the sickening odor by the most grateful perfumes; but this
+trouble will soon be dispensed with, and in all probability he will, at
+no distant day, become a sloven, with his garments saturated with smoke,
+and himself steeped in tobacco juice. Alas, to think of being annoyed a
+life-time by the nauseous odor of the vile tobacco worm, and of wasting
+patience and strength in vain endeavors to preserve neatness in his
+slimy trail! Little can be accomplished in this, or any other reform,
+without the aid of females. Let them take hold of the subject, and exert
+their legimate influence, and public opinion will soon be corrected;
+young men and old too, will soon learn that by no rule in the code of
+politeness and good breeding, can the use of tobacco be tolerated.
+
+A word to dealers. How can a man who regards the morals, the happiness
+and the prosperity of his neighborhood and his country, deal out so
+useless, so filthy, and so injurious an article as tobacco? Many will of
+course, excuse themselves by saying as the rum-sellers once did, "If I
+don't sell it, others will," This plea did not justify the rum-seller,
+neither will it, the dealer in tobacco. Others will say, "I _must_ sell
+it, or I shall offend my patrons and lose their custom." But this is not
+valid even as a selfish argument. A large and increasing portion of the
+community would be glad to patronize traders who sell only the useful
+and necessary articles of life. Let respectable traders cease to sell
+the article, and respectable customers would soon cease to buy it.
+
+The abominable filthiness of the practice of using tobacco, is a
+sufficient argument to induce all decent people to wage war against it.
+Stage coaches, rail cars, steamboats, public houses, courts of justice,
+halls of legislation, and the temples of God, are all defiled by the
+loathsome consumers of this dirty, Indian herb. For the sake of decency,
+for the honor of humanity, let the land be purified from this worse than
+beastly pollution!
+
+Let none be discouraged from engaging in this reform, because it relates
+to a wide-spread and fashionable vice. With a moderate degree of effort
+in each town and village, hundreds of thousands might in one year's
+time, be induced to pledge themselves against all use of tobacco.
+
+During the last winter I drew up the following pledge, and obtained many
+signatures here and in other parts of the state.
+
+  ANTI-TOBACCO PLEDGE.
+
+  _We, the subscribers, believing that the use of_ TOBACCO,
+  _in all its forms, is injurious to health, and knowing it to
+  be a slovenly, sluttish, and disgusting habit, do pledge
+  ourselves that we will not_ SMOKE _it_, CHEW _it, nor_ SNUFF
+  _it; and that we will use efforts to persuade those addicted
+  to the practice, to discontinue its use; and above all, that
+  we will not traffic in it, nor countenance those who do; and
+  that we will use our influence to banish the "vile stuff"
+  from New England, our country, and the world._
+
+A gentleman in North Bridgewater, to whom I lent a pamphlet on this
+subject, said he had not read it half through, before he emptied his
+pockets of tobacco, and resolved to use no more. He also took a pledge
+to circulate among his neighbors.
+
+Another man who had chewed tobacco thirty-three years, abandoned the
+habit and remarked that he would not return to it for fifty dollars.
+
+Two benevolent individuals, in Providence, had two or three hundred
+copies of the above pledge printed to circulate in the State of Rhode
+Island. One of the principal clergymen in P. said, a member of his
+church, a trader, told him that the money paid for tobacco in the city
+was sufficient to support the public preaching. A gentleman there, who
+has recently given up tobacco, said he would not go back to its use for
+a thousand dollars, although it cost him a great effort to refrain from
+it. A young man, after receiving a private lecture from an anti-tobacco
+friend, committed to the flames half a dozen cigars he had by him, and
+signed the pledge.
+
+I have conversed with very many addicted to the use of tobacco, and
+nearly all express regret at having formed the habit.
+
+A few days since in a town not far from Providence, as I was sitting in
+the stage about starting for the city, up came a reverend gentleman, a
+very fine man by the way, with a big cigar about half burned. He had too
+much good breeding to get into the stage with it, and to all appearance,
+disliked to part with so good a friend; he accordingly stood outside
+and puffed away like a steamer, at the same time keeping an eye on the
+driver; when all was ready, he scrambled in, and we drove off. What an
+example, for a clergyman to stand in a public street and puff a cigar
+like a loafer or a blackguard!
+
+Rev. Mr. C., in a village adjoining Providence relates, that a brother
+clergyman called to preach for him. He was in the habit of chewing
+tobacco, and Mr. C. took the opportunity to speak to him on the subject.
+At first the brother remarked that there was nothing wrong or injurious
+in it; but on Mr. C's pressing the matter and asking how he could preach
+"righteousness, temperance" and good habits in all things, when he was
+himself addicted to such a practice, the brother frankly acknowledged
+that he knew he was setting a bad example, and that tobacco was
+poisonous, injurious to health and shortened life, but he excused
+himself by saying he _could not_ give it up, for he found it
+_impossible_ to write a sermon or preach it with any success, without
+taking tobacco. Sermons and preaching inspired by tobacco! What better
+is this, than the inspiration of brandy?
+
+Rev. Mr.----, now of Boston, formerly of a neighboring city, is a most
+excessive smoker and chewer, so much so that it was a matter of
+notoriety and remark among his congregation and acquaintances of his
+former residence. He was a very agreeable man in other respects, but his
+study, his library, and every thing about him were so completely
+saturated with tobacco smoke, that the ladies of his church rarely made
+him a call, and more rarely borrowed a book from his extensive and
+excellent library.--Is it not time for clergymen to reform themselves in
+this particular, and then consistently to set about reforming others.
+
+I have recently learned that many _ladies_ are in the habit of _chewing
+snuff!_ Some of them become so addicted to it as to use enormous
+quantities in this way. "One of these snuff eaters," I was told, "was
+accustomed to take herself by the under lip with one hand, and with the
+thumb and four fingers of the other to fill in an embankment between her
+lips and teeth." Shocking! Yet, what young lady who carries a concealed
+snuff-box, can be sure of not coming to this?
+
+I saw a woman who commenced with chewing snuff, and is now a regular
+tobacco chewer. She said however, that she intended to give up the habit
+and refrain from tobacco in all its forms.
+
+Unless something is done to check the evil, who can say that we shall
+not become as bad as the inhabitants of Cuba, where, according to Rev.
+Mr. Ingersoll, "not only men, but _women_ and _children_ smoke, and some
+at a large expense." And according to Rev. Dr. Abbot, "it was the common
+estimate that in Havana, there was an average consumption of _ten
+thousand dollars worth of cigars in a day_."
+
+BOSTON, July, 1842.
+
+
+
+
+RECOMMENDATIONS.
+
+
+_From the Rochester Observer._
+
+"Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco.--'A disquisition on the evils of
+using tobacco, and the necessity of an immediate and entire reform,' by
+Rev. Orin Fowler, of Fall River, Mass. This is a very valuable and
+instructive discourse. We have for two years or more been fully
+convinced that the use of tobacco, in its three common forms, ought
+immediately to be abandoned; but never were we so fully sensible of the
+alarming extent and tremendous ravages of this evil, as when we had read
+this production. We think no _christian_, who is willing to know and do
+his duty, can read this pamphlet, without saying on the spot, if he uses
+tobacco, (except it be judiciously prescribed by a physician.) the use
+of this poisonous, deleterious weed is a _grievous sin_, and I will
+abandon it _immediately and forever_.
+
+Mr. F. lays down the position that it is the duty of every man and woman
+to abstain immediately, entirely and forever, from all use of tobacco,
+whether by chewing, smoking or snuffing, except it be as a medicine.
+
+In favor of this point he offers the following arguments, which we think
+he has fully sustained, by well attested facts, quotations from approved
+authors, and the deductions of sound reasoning.
+
+1. The history of this loathsome weed. It has ever since its discovery
+been considered exceedingly injurious, and its general use opposed by
+judicious men.
+
+2. Its ruinous effect upon the health and constitution of men.
+
+3. Its ruinous effects upon the intellect.
+
+4. Its ruinous effects upon public and private morals.
+
+5. The amazing waste of property which its use involves.
+
+6. The mortality which its use occasions.
+
+7. The apologies made by the lovers of tobacco.
+
+8. The eternal ruin which tobacco occasions.
+
+We intend in our next to give extracts from this discourse. We hope it
+will have a wide circulation, and would commend it to the careful
+perusal of all christians, especially to ministers, who use this vile
+and ruinous plant."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Edward C. Delevan, Secretary of the New York State Temperance Society,
+says, in a letter just received--"The subject of your Essay is one of
+immense importance to the world and to the temperance cause. The use of
+this vile weed has been the medium of forming the appetite for strong
+drink, and ultimately destroying thousands of the most promising youth
+of our country. You will hardly ever meet with an intemperate person
+without finding him addicted to the use of tobacco. The public only want
+light on this important subject, to act. Your able and convincing
+Disquisition will be the means of doing much good. I hope funds will be
+provided to furnish a copy to each clergyman in the United States. Send
+me one thousand copies of the second edition, as soon as it is from the
+press."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco.--We are anxious to see this work
+extensively circulated, for we are confident that it will do good. The
+pamphlet contains much valuable information, and will be found well
+worth an attentive and frequent perusal."
+
+                                        _The Unionist_, Brooklyn, Conn.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Fowler on the Evils of using Tobacco.--The subject of which this
+pamphlet treats is one which, we are persuaded, has received too small a
+share of attention from those who are laboring to free our land, utterly
+and forever, from the thraldom of intemperance. From our own
+observation, limited as it has been, we are persuaded that the victims
+of intemperance in the use of this poisonous weed are by no means
+inconsiderable in number. Probably Mr. Fowler is correct when he
+estimates the mortality occasioned by the use of tobacco in its various
+forms, at five thousand annually. For ourself we are convinced that the
+suppression of intemperance in spirituous liquors will never be effected
+while the agents and advocates of our Temperance Societies, lecture with
+a pinch of snuff in their fingers and a huge tobacco quid in their
+mouths. Tobacco slays its thousands, and doubtless one tenth of the
+drunkards in our land have become so by first indulging in the use of
+the dirty plant, and thus creating an unnatural thirst that called for
+liquid fire to quench it.
+
+Did our limits permit, we should be glad to give copious extracts from
+Mr. Fowler's discourse."                          _Batharia Palladium._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                                               _Lisbon, Feb. 3d, 1841._
+Mr Fowler--
+
+_Dear Sir_--We have in this county a monthly ministers' meeting.
+
+At the last the use of tobacco was discussed. I was appointed to write
+on the subject, and derived important aid from your Disquisition on
+tobacco. I feel that it is a very happy effort, and calculated to do
+much good, and that it is desirable that it should have a much wider
+circulation.
+
+The thought occurred to me whether it might not be published by the
+Tract Society.
+
+This would give it the widest circulation it could have.
+
+I doubt not but you are desirous of having the greatest amount of good
+accomplished by this effort, and will be ready to extend its circulation
+if possible.
+
+Should it become a Tract, be so good as to inform me--for I should be
+glad to place it in every family in my parish.
+
+                              Fraternally yours,       JOSEPH AYER, Jr.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notice by Dr. Alcott, Editor of the Library of Health.
+
+"A disquisition on the evils of using Tobacco. By Orin Fowler, A. M.
+Second Edition. This pamphlet finds favor, * * * *. While we have the
+kindliest feelings towards those who chew this disgusting substance, we
+hold its use, in every form, in the most unqualified contempt. We care
+not to whom the remark may apply, whether he be farmer, mechanic,
+lawyer, doctor, minister, judge or president; but if in the light which
+Mr. Fowler has shed on the subject, any man should continue to smoke or
+chew tobacco, or take snuff, public opinion ought to frown him out of
+the pale of all civilized society. He that will contribute in any way to
+a tax upon this nation of $25,000,000 a year for such stuff, may well be
+set down as a bad citizen, unless he does it in ignorance."
+
+
+
+
+DISQUISITION.
+
+
+In this age of benevolent action, when much is being done to drive away
+the darkness and delusions of many generations, and to diffuse light and
+truth through the earth; it excites the liveliest joy in every
+philanthropic bosom to witness the triumphant results already achieved.
+Recent efforts to banish the use of intoxicating drinks, have brought
+well nigh half the civilized world to a solemn pause: and the work of
+reformation in this matter of spirit-drinking has gone so far, and is
+yet making such sure progress, that many are rejoicing in the lively
+hope that the day is nigh, even at the doors, when drunkenness, with her
+burning legion of evils, will cease from the earth; and the gospel of
+the grace of God will have free course and be glorified, and the whole
+family of man become temperate, holy and happy. The God of our salvation
+hasten that day apace; that our eyes may see it, and rejoice and be glad
+in it, before we go to the grave.
+
+But ere that day shall fully come, there is much land to be possessed.
+Many a battle must yet be fought,--many a victory must yet be won. Much
+light must yet be poured forth,--much darkness must yet be driven away.
+The world is not yet half reformed. The majority in the best portions of
+the earth--in this country even--are on the side of free indulgence in
+every thing that pleases the appetite.
+
+Intemperance in the use of intoxicating drinks,--and intemperance in the
+use of _tobacco_, in the several forms of _smoking_, _snuffing_ and
+_chewing_; together with several other evils, which I need not here
+specify, are even now predominant.
+
+By intemperance in the use of tobacco, I mean all use of this drug
+except that which is under the direction of enlightened, judicious
+medical advice. With this exception, _entire abstinence_ from this
+narcotic substance constitutes the only safe and genuine
+temperance.--This principle has been adopted extensively, in its
+application to intoxicating drinks; but before it shall be universally
+adopted in that application, it must be applied, and applied
+universally, to the _quid_, and the _pipe_, and the _snuff-box_.
+Rum-drinking will not cease, till tobacco-chewing, and tobacco-smoking,
+and snuff-taking, shall cease. Though all who are attached to the quid,
+the pipe, or the snuff-box, are not attached to the bottle; yet a vast
+multitude become attached to the bottle, and this attachment is
+continued and increased, through the poisonous, bewitching, and debasing
+influence of tobacco.
+
+Moreover, the use of tobacco involves a train of evils, superadded to
+its influence in perpetuating drunkenness, which cries aloud for
+immediate and universal reformation. It is my present purpose to
+consider these evils. And I wish to premise that, in this consideration,
+I shall urge; that it is the duty of every friend of humanity--of every
+lover of his country--of every Christian--and of every minister of
+Christ, to _abstain_, himself, _immediately_, and _forever_, from _all_
+use of tobacco, whether by _chewing_, _smoking_, or _snuffing_, except
+it be _medicinally_; and to use the whole weight of his influence and
+example to persuade others--and especially the young men and maidens of
+this nation--to practice entire abstinence.
+
+I am fully aware that the topic which I have selected, the position
+which I lay down, and the purpose at which I aim, are not popular. But
+what then? Did Clarkson and Wilberforce abandon the cause of the
+enslaved African, when they found that abolition was unpopular in the
+British Senate? Did Columbus abandon his purpose of attempting to
+discover a new world, when he perceived that the noble project of his
+noble soul was unpopular, with princes and people, learned and ignorant?
+Did Jesus Christ abandon his purpose to redeem a world lying in
+wickedness, when it became manifest that his doctrines, and the pure
+benevolence of his holy soul, were unpopular. And has it ever been
+_seemly_ for one of his true and faithful disciples to abandon the cause
+of human happiness, and the soul's everlasting salvation, because the
+work of saving mercy is unpopular?
+
+The theme of our present consideration, is doubtless unpopular.--But we
+_should_ not, we _will_ not, therefore abandon the purpose of exposing
+the evils of smoking, and chewing, and snuffing, that dirty weed, which
+is so hostile to animal life, and so offensive to every creature on
+earth, that no living being but man--and a loathsome worm, called the
+tobacco-worm--will taste, or touch, or handle it.[A]
+
+[A] It has recently been affirmed that there is a dirty goat in South
+America which will eat this dirty plant.
+
+Though it be unpopular to expose the evils of using tobacco; these evils
+are so appalling, it will not do to slumber over them longer.--We must
+look at them; we must lay them open--we must raise our voice against
+them; (we would gladly raise it so high that it should reach every
+family in the nation.) Yes, we must cry aloud and spare not; or give up
+our claim to patriotism, and benevolence.
+
+In approaching this subject, I am not unmindful of the pertinacity with
+which men adhere to old habits. Dr. Rush speaks of a venerable clergyman
+who closed a long sermon, in which he had controverted what he supposed
+an heretical opinion, with these words: "I tell you--I tell you, my
+brethren, I tell you again, that an _old error_ is better than a _new
+truth_." There are few who will assent to this proposition in plain
+terms; but there are thousands upon thousands, who act up to the very
+letter of it, constantly.--The history of man is extensively a history
+of folly, delusion, and sin.
+
+No error has been so absurd as not to find advocates--no habit has been
+so foolish, or so deadly, as not to find martyrs. But of all the
+delusions, which have prevailed among civilized men, there have been
+few--perhaps none, but that of intoxication--so disgusting, so
+inexcusable, so destructive to health, and wealth, and life, as the
+habit which we now ask you to consider.
+
+It will be borne in mind that my position is this; it is the bounden
+duty of every man and every woman to _abstain_, _immediately_, and
+_forever_, from _all use_ of tobacco, whether by _chewing_, _smoking_,
+or _snuffing_ except it be as a medicine. This position I maintain,
+
+I. From a consideration of the _history_ of this loathsome weed.--The
+tobacco plant is a native of America. It was unknown in Europe until
+some time after the discovery of America, by Columbus. It was first
+carried to Europe by Sir Francis Drake, about the year 1560, less than
+three hundred years ago. The natives of this continent called it
+_petun_; the natives of the islands called it _yoli_. The Spaniards gave
+it the name of _tobacco_, from _Tobaco_, a province of Yucatan in
+Mexico, where they first found it, and first learned its use. Its
+botanic name is _Nicotiana_, which it received from John Nicot, then
+Ambassador from Francis II. to Portugal, who brought it from Lisbon, and
+presented some of it to the Queen Catharine de Medicis, and to the Grand
+Prior of the house of Lorraine; whence it was sometimes called the
+Queen's herb, and the Grand Prior's herb.
+
+The practice of smoking it in England, was introduced by Sir Walter
+Raleigh, about the year 1584.
+
+The cultivation of it is not uncommon in various parts of the globe; but
+the seat of its most extensive culture is Virginia and Maryland, in this
+country. In England its cultivation was forbidden--and we believe is
+still forbidden--on penalty of forfeiting forty shillings for every rod
+of ground planted with it.
+
+James I. wrote a treatise against the use of it, which he called his
+"Counterblast to Tobacco." Pope Urban VIII. issued a Bull, to
+excommunicate all who used tobacco in the churches. The civil power in
+Russia, Turkey, and Persia, was early arrayed against it. The King of
+Denmark, who wrote a treatise against tobacco, observes that "merchants
+often lay it in bog-houses, that, becoming impregnated with the volatile
+salts of the excrements, it may be rendered brisker, stronger, and more
+f[oe]tid." It is said to be a fact, that in manufacturing tobacco, it is
+frequently sprinkled with stale urine.
+
+The use of tobacco never was general in Europe; and within the last
+fifty or one hundred years, it has been banished from all the polite
+circles of that part of the world. John Adams, the former President of
+the United States, speaking of his own use of tobacco, and referring to
+his residence in Europe, says: "Twice I gave up the use of it; once when
+Minister at the Court of Hague; and afterwards when Minister at the
+Court of London; for _no such offensive practice is seen there_."
+
+But although the cultivation of tobacco has been forbidden in many
+countries of Europe; and though the manufacture of it is frequently
+attended with circumstances so disgusting and offensive, that the
+modesty of this paper will not permit me to detail them,--and though the
+use of it is abandoned by all the respectable and polished circles of
+Europe; yet in this nation, and among the lower orders abroad, tobacco
+has triumphed: and the only hope of expelling it from our land, lies in
+enlisting against it the power of enlightened public opinion--a mightier
+power than any eastern despot wields.
+
+Now from this brief sketch of the history of tobacco, it appears that it
+was unknown to all the civilized world, till within three hundred years;
+and that even now, all the polished and enlightened portion of community
+abroad--and we add, a very respectable portion at home--have no
+fellowship with the filthy weed. And can any man justify himself in the
+daily use of a disgusting plant, against the practice, opinion, and
+remonstrances of so large a portion of the civilized world? Can he be
+discharging the obligations of his duty, and enjoying the full amount of
+his privilege, while he suffers himself to be a bond-slave to his quid,
+his pipe, or his snuff-box? Either an important article of the vegetable
+kingdom, lay hid from the civilized world nearly six thousand years; or
+since its discovery, the lovers of tobacco have formed an entirely
+erroneous opinion of its properties. In the sequel, I trust it will
+appear, that so far from possessing _valuable_ properties, it is one of
+the most _noxious_ weeds that grows; that, as an article of medicine, it
+possesses scarcely a redeeming quality; and that, though it was not made
+in vain, if the world had remained ignorant of it six thousand years
+longer, no cause of regret would have been occasioned.
+
+I maintain the position I have laid down,
+
+II. From a consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon the
+_health_ and _constitution_ of men.
+
+In considering this point, let us examine the _properties_ of this
+weed,--the prominent diseases which the use of it induces,--and the
+_experiences_ of unprejudiced observers. The properties of tobacco are
+decidedly _poisonous_. In proof of this assertion, I appeal to ample and
+unquestionable authority.
+
+Professor Hitchcock says, "I group _alcohol_, _opium_ and _tobacco_
+together, as alike to be rejected; because they agree in being
+_poisonous_ in their natures." "In popular language," says he, "alcohol
+is classed among the stimulants, and opium and tobacco among the
+narcotics, whose ultimate effect upon the animal system is to produce
+stupor and insensibility." He says, "Most of the powerful vegetable
+poisons, such as hen-bane, hemlock, thorn-apple, prussic acid, deadly
+night-shade, fox-glove and poison sumach, have an effect on the animal
+system scarcely to be distinguished from that of opium and _tobacco_.
+They impair the organs of digestion, and may bring on fatuity, palsy,
+delirium, or apoplexy," He says, "In those not accustomed to it,
+_tobacco_ excites nausea, vomiting, dizziness, indigestion, mental
+dejection, and in short, the whole train of _nervous_ complaints."
+
+Dr. Rees, in his Cyclopedia, says; "A drop or two of the chemical oil of
+tobacco, being put upon the tongue of a cat, produces violent
+convulsions, and death itself in the space of a minute."
+
+Dr. Hossack classes _tobacco_ with opium, ether, mercury, and other
+articles of the materia medica. He calls tobacco a "_fashionable
+poison_," in the various forms in which that narcotic is employed.--He
+says, "The great increase of dyspepsia; the late alarming frequency of
+apoplexy, palsy, epilepsy, and other diseases of the nervous system; is
+attributable, in part, to the use of tobacco."
+
+Dr. Waterhouse says that Linnaeus, in his natural arrangement, has placed
+tobacco in the class _Luridae_--which signifies, pale, ghastly, livid,
+dismal and fatal. "To the same ominous class," he adds, "belong
+fox-glove, hen-bane, deadly night-shade, lobelia, and another poisonous
+plant, bearing the tremendous name Atropa, one of the furies." He says,
+"When tobacco is taken into the stomach for the first time, it creates
+nausea and extreme disgust. If swallowed, it excites violent convulsions
+of the stomach and of the bowels to eject the poison either upward or
+downward. If it be not very speedily and entirety ejected, it produces
+great anxiety, vertigo, faintness, and prostration of all the senses;
+and, in some instances, death has followed." The oil of this plant, he
+adds, is one of the strongest vegetable poisons, insomuch that we know
+of no animal that can resist its mortal effects. Moreover, says Dr.
+Waterhouse, after a long and honorable course of practice, "I never
+observed so many pallid faces, and so many marks of declining health;
+nor ever knew so many hectical habits, and consumptive affections, as of
+late years; and I trace this alarming inroad on young constitutions,
+_principally_ to the pernicious custom of smoking cigars."
+
+Professor Graham says "Tobacco is one of the most _powerful_ and _deadly
+poisons_ in the vegetable kingdom." "Its effects on the living tissues
+of the animal system," he adds, "are always to destroy life; as the
+experiments made on pigeons, cats, and other animals abundantly prove."
+
+The Editors of the Journal of Health say, "Tobacco is in fact an
+absolute poison. A very moderate quantity introduced into the system,
+even applying the moistened leaves to the stomach, has been known very
+suddenly to extinguish life. In whatever form it may be employed, a
+portion of the active principles of tobacco, mixed with the saliva,
+invariably finds its way to the stomach, and disturbs or impairs the
+functions of that organ. Hence most, if not all, who are accustomed to
+the use of tobacco, labor under dyspeptic symptoms. Our advice is to
+desist immediately and entirely from the use of tobacco in every form,
+and in any quantity, however small. A reform, to be efficacious, must be
+entire and complete."
+
+Dr. Warren says, "The common belief that tobacco is beneficial to the
+teeth, is entirely erroneous; on the contrary, by its poisonous and
+relaxing qualities, it is positively injurious." Says another physician,
+"Though snuff has been prescribed for the head-ache, catarrh, and some
+species of opthalmia, and sometimes with good effect; yet in all cases
+where its use is _continued_, it not only fails of its medical effect,
+but commits great ravages on the whole nervous system, superinducing
+hypochondria, tremors, a thickening of the voice, and premature decay of
+all the intellectual powers."
+
+As a diuretic, Dr. Fowler, and others, have found it in some cases to be
+valuable. Its narcotic properties have sometimes assuaged the
+tooth-ache; but it always hastens the destruction of the teeth. But of
+all substances in pharmacy, there seems to be a general agreement among
+medical writers, that tobacco, though occasionally beneficial, is the
+most unmanageable, and used with the least confidence.
+
+A multitude of cases, confirming these views, have actually occurred;
+two or three of which I will cite. A clergyman, who commenced the use of
+tobacco in youth, says, "that no very injurious consequences were
+experienced till he entered the ministry, when his system began to feel
+its dreadful effects. His voice, his appetite, and his strength failed;
+and he was sorely afflicted with sickness at the stomach, indigestion,
+emaciation, melancholy, and a prostration of the whole nervous system.
+All this," says he, "I attribute to the pernicious habit of smoking and
+chewing tobacco." At length he abandoned the quid and the pipe. His
+voice, appetite, and strength were soon restored; all aches subsided,
+and in a little time general health was enjoyed.
+
+Another clergyman writes, "I thank God, and I thank you, for your advice
+to abandon smoking; my strength has doubled since I relinquished this
+abominable practice."
+
+A respectable gentleman in middle life, who commenced chewing tobacco at
+the age of eighteen, was long afflicted with depression of spirits,
+great emaciation, and the usual dyspeptic symptoms.--All attempts to
+relieve him were fruitless, till he was persuaded to dispense with his
+quid. Immediately his spirits revived, and he soon regained his
+health.[A]
+
+[A] Extracts in point might here be given from numerous letters received
+by the Author, since the publication of the first edition; but it is
+unnecessary.
+
+Cases of reform and cure are occurring by thousands, every year, all
+over the land. Let every lover of tobacco, who is afflicted with
+_dyspepsia_, and nervous maladies, _reform_, immediately and entirely;
+and let him adopt a simple and rational system of diet, regimen, and
+employment; and in nine cases out of ten, he may hope to enjoy good
+health, and live long to bless the world.
+
+The conclusion from all this evidence is established, that tobacco _is_
+an _active poison_; that its constant use induces the most distressing
+and fatal diseases; and that, as a medicine, it is rarely needful, and
+never used, even _medicinally_, with entire confidence. This loathsome
+weed, then, should not be used, even _medicinally_, except in extreme
+cases, and then in the hands of a skillful physician. For every man--and
+especially for every boy, who has hardly entered his teens--to take this
+poison into his own hands, and determine for himself how much he will
+use, is as preposterous, as if he were to take upon himself to deal out
+arsenic, corrosive sublimate, or calomel.
+
+No man can devote himself to the pipe, the quid, or the snuff-box,
+without certain injury to his health and constitution. He may not
+perceive the injury at once, on account of immediate exhilaration; but
+complicated chronic complaints will creep upon him apace, making life a
+burden, and issuing in premature dissolution. And just so certain as it
+is our duty to do no murder,--to use all lawful means to preserve our
+lives, and the lives of others; as certain is it our duty and our
+privilege to practice _entire abstinence_ from the use of tobacco.
+
+I maintain the position I have laid down,
+
+III. From the consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon the
+_intellect_.
+
+Here, again, let Professor Hitchcock speak. Says he, "Intoxicating
+drinks, opium and tobacco, exert a pernicious influence upon the
+intellect. They tend directly to debilitate the organs; and we cannot
+take a more effectual course to cloud the understanding, weaken the
+memory, unfix the attention, and confuse all the mental operations, than
+by thus entailing upon ourselves the whole hateful train of nervous
+maladies. These can bow down to the earth an intellect of giant
+strength, and make it grind in bondage, like Sampson shorn of his locks
+and deprived of his vision. The use of tobacco may seem to soothe the
+feelings, and quicken the operations of the mind; but to what purpose is
+it that the machine is furiously running and buzzing after the balance
+wheel is taken off?"
+
+The late Gov. Sullivan, speaking of the use of tobacco, says, "It has
+never failed to render me dull and heavy, to interrupt my usual
+alertness of thought, and to weaken the powers of my mind in analyzing
+subjects and defining ideas."
+
+The actual loss of _intellectual_ power, which tobacco has hitherto
+occasioned, and is still causing, in this Christian nation, is immense.
+How immense, it is impossible accurately to calculate. Many a man who
+might have been a giant, has not risen above mediocrity; and many a man
+who might have been respectable and useful, has sunk into obscurity, and
+buried his talents in the earth. This is a consideration of deepest
+interest to every philanthropist, patriot, and Christian in the land,
+and especially to all our youth. We live at a time, and under
+circumstances, which call for the exertion of all our intellectual
+strength, cultivated, improved and sanctified, to the highest measure of
+possibility. Error, ignorance, and sin, must be met and vanquished; they
+must be met and vanquished by light and love. The eye of angels is upon
+us,--the eye of God is upon us,--and shall we fetter, and palsy, and
+ruin our intellectual capabilities, for the paltry pleasure of using one
+of the most poisonous, loathsome, and destructive weeds found in the
+whole vegetable kingdom? Let us rather shake off this abominable
+practice, and rise, as individuals and as a nation, in all our
+intellectual potency,--and let us go forth from day to day, to the noble
+purposes of our destiny, untrammelled by the quid, or the pipe, or the
+snuff-box; and before another generation shall lie down in the grave,
+our efforts and our example may cause the light of human science, and
+the light of civil and religious liberty, and the light of Bible truth,
+to blaze through all our valleys, and over all our hills, from
+Greenland to Cape Horn,--and with a lustre that shall illumine the
+world.
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+IV. From a consideration of the ruinous effects of tobacco upon public
+and private _morals_.
+
+The ruinous effects of tobacco upon public and private morals, are seen
+in the idle, sauntering habits, which the use of it engenders,--in the
+benumbing, grovelling, stupid sensations which it induces,--but
+especially in perpetuating and extending the practice of using
+intoxicating drinks.
+
+Governor Sullivan has truly said, "that the tobacco pipe excites a
+demand for an extraordinary quantity of some beverage to supply the
+waste of glandular secretion, in proportion to the expense of saliva;
+and ardent spirits are the common substitutes; and the smoker is often
+reduced to a state of dram drinking, and finishes his life as a sot."
+
+Dr. Agnew has truly said, that "the use of the pipe leads to the
+immoderate use of ardent spirits."
+
+Dr. Rush has truly said, "that smoking and chewing tobacco, by rendering
+water and other simple liquors insipid to the taste, dispose very much
+to the stronger stimulus of ardent spirits; hence [says he] the practice
+of smoking cigars, has been followed by the use of brandy and water as
+common drink."
+
+A writer in the Genius of Temperance, says that his practice of smoking
+and chewing the filthy weed, "produced a continual thirst for
+stimulating drinks; and this tormenting thirst [says he] led me into the
+habit of drinking ale, porter, brandy, and other kinds of spirit, even
+to the extent, at times, of partial intoxication." He adds, "I reformed;
+and after I had subdued this appetite for tobacco, I lost all desire for
+stimulating drinks."
+
+Now the fact that some chew, and smoke, and snuff without becoming sots,
+proves nothing against the general principle, that it is the natural
+tendency of using tobacco to promote intoxication. Probably _one tenth_,
+at least, of all the drunkards annually made in the nation, and
+throughout the world, are made drunkards through the use of tobacco. If
+thirty thousand drunkards are made annually in the United States, three
+thousand must be charged to the use of tobacco. If thirty thousand
+drunkards die annually, in the United States, three thousand of these
+deaths must be charged to the use of tobacco. If twenty thousand
+criminals are sentenced to our penitentiaries in twenty years, through
+the influence of strong drink, two thousand must be charged to the use
+of tobacco. If fifty-six millions of gallons of ardent spirits have been
+annually consumed in this country, five and a half millions must be
+charged to the use of tobacco. And of all the Sabbath-breaking,
+profanity, quarrelling, and crime of every description, caused by the
+use of intoxicating drink; a tithe must be charged to the use of
+tobacco. And what friend of good morals,--what friend of man,--what
+friend of his country,--what friend of Christ and true religion,--and
+especially, what friend of the temperance cause,--can look at these
+results with the eye of candor and compassion for his fellow-men, and
+then not deliberately resolve that he will never chew another quid, nor
+smoke another whiff, nor snuff another pinch of the dirty weed?
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+V. From a consideration of the amazing _waste of property_, which the
+use of tobacco involves. On this point I have been unable to obtain the
+means for making out a perfectly accurate statistical result. I can only
+approximate a definite calculation. This approximation, however, will
+serve all the purposes of this argument.
+
+We will examine _three items_: the _cost_ of the article,--the _time_
+wasted by the use of it,--and the _pauperism_ it occasions. From a
+statement lately furnished me from the Treasury department of our
+National Government, exhibiting the quantity and value of cigars and
+snuff, exported from and imported into the United States, annually, from
+1st October, 1820 to 30th September, 1832, it appears that the value of
+cigars imported into the United States in 1821, was $113,601. In 1827 it
+was $174,931. In 1832 it was $473,134; while from the same document it
+appears that the value of cigars exported, in each of those years, was
+about one quarter the value of imports.
+
+Hence it appears that, in 1832, about half a million of dollars were
+paid for imported cigars; while in 1821, only $113,601 were paid; being
+more than a four-fold increase in eleven years. Whether there has been a
+corresponding increase in the value of domestic cigars consumed, I have
+no means of determining. From the fact of so prodigious an increase of
+imported cigars, I am led to fear that the evil of cigar smoking has
+increased in this country within ten years, far more rapidly than the
+increase of population. From this treasury document, it appears also,
+that in 1824, the value of unmanufactured tobacco exported from the
+United States, was
+
+                                                          $4,855,566
+ Of manufactured tobacco, the value was                    2,477,990
+ Of snuff,                                                   203,789
+                                                          ----------
+ Making a total of                                        $7,537,345
+
+In 1832, the value of unmanufactured tobacco exported,
+ was                                                      $5,999,769
+ Of manufactured tobacco,                                  3,456,071
+ Of snuff,                                                   295,771
+                                                          ----------
+ Making a total of                                        $9,751,611
+ for 1832, and an increase from the year 1824, of         $2,214,266
+
+Whether the quantity consumed in this country equals the quantity
+exported, or exceeds that quantity, I have no data enabling me to give a
+definite answer. But from the fact that large quantities of tobacco are
+raised in various other parts of the world, for foreign consumption; and
+from the fact that the people of this country are, above all other
+people under the sun, a chewing, smoking, snuffing people; I have very
+little doubt that the amount used in this country is double that
+exported. If so, the sum total paid annually, for this vile weed, in
+this christian country, is $19,503,222. But as I wish in this
+examination, to put the estimate _below_ rather than _above_ the truth,
+I will set down the value of tobacco, cigars, and snuff, consumed
+annually in this nation, as equal to the amount exported; that is, in
+round numbers, $10,000,000.
+
+That this is a very _low_ estimate, will appear by another conclusive
+calculation.
+
+According to the census of 1830, the population of the U. States, over
+twenty years of age, is about six millions. Suppose one in four of our
+adult population, use tobacco in some form; (and this is a very moderate
+supposition,) it gives one million, five hundred thousand: and suppose
+one in twelve of those who have not reached the age of twenty, use it;
+it gives five hundred thousand more: making a total of two millions--or
+one sixth of our population--who use tobacco in some form.
+
+Now suppose the expense to the consumers of this noxious drug, varies
+according to the quantity, and mode of using it. The expense to some is
+two dollars a year, to some it is five, and to others ten, twenty, and
+even fifty dollars a year. A laboring man, of my acquaintance, who did
+not use tobacco extravagantly, and only by chewing, told me that it cost
+him five dollars a year. A young lady of my acquaintance, says her snuff
+costs eight dollars a year. If a man pay three cents a day for cigars,
+it amounts to ten dollars, ninety-five cents a year. If he pay six
+cents, it amounts to twenty-one dollars, ninety cents a year. If he pay
+twelve and a half cents, it amounts to forty-four dollars, sixty-two
+cents a year.
+
+It is the opinion of good judges, that very many, who smoke freely and
+use Spanish cigars, pay more than fifty dollars a year for this foolish
+gratification.
+
+King James, in his "Counterblast," says, "Some of the gentry of this
+land, bestow three, some four hundred pounds a year, upon this precious
+stink."
+
+It will certainly be a moderate calculation to put down one quarter of
+the consumers at two dollars a year,--one quarter at five,--one quarter
+at eight,--and one quarter at ten dollars a year. Then the several items
+will stand thus:--
+
+ Half a million at two dollars, is      $1,000,000
+ Half a million at five dollars, is      2,500,000
+ Half a million at eight dollars, is     4,000,000
+ Half a million at ten dollars, is       5,000,000
+                                         _________
+                              Total,   $12,500,000.
+
+Again: the amount of tobacco annually consumed in France, as appears
+from authentic documents, is about seven millions of pounds; which is
+about one pound to every four persons. The amount annually consumed in
+England, as appears from authentic documents, is about seventeen
+millions; which is about one pound to every man, woman and child, in
+that nation.[A] In the United States, probably there are eight times as
+much used as in France, and three times as much as in England, in
+proportion to our population. If so, the quantity used in this country
+cannot fall short of thirty-five millions of pounds;[B] which, at thirty
+cents a pound, amounts to ten and a half millions of dollars; not
+including cigars and snuff, which cost half as much more; making the
+total sum fifteen and three fourths millions of dollars. And this
+enormous sum is doubtless _below_ what the article actually cost the
+consumers.
+
+[A] The tobacco imported and used for home consumption in Great Britain
+and Ireland in 1832, amounted to 20,313,651 pounds--the duty on which
+was 15,300,000 dollars.
+
+[B] 1,765,000 pounds of tobacco passed up the Erie Canal in seven and a
+half months in 1834.
+
+From these _three_ results, we believe there cannot be a doubt that the
+actual expense of tobacco, in its various forms, to the consumers in
+this country, may safely be set down at _ten millions of dollars a
+year_.
+
+The amount of _time_ lost by the consumers of tobacco, is another item
+of no inconsiderable moment. Some spend two, three, and four hours a day
+in this vile indulgence. To all who use the article, in any way, it
+occasions the loss of more or less time. If we put down the average
+amount at half an hour a day; and reckon the time thus lost at four
+cents an hour, it will amount--not reckoning Sabbaths--to six dollars,
+twenty-six cents a year, for each individual; which, for the whole
+company of consumers, is an amount of $12,520,000.
+
+The _pauperism_ which tobacco occasions, is another fearful item.
+Multitudes who are scarcely able to procure the necessaries of life,
+will shift, by sacrificing health and comfort, to procure the daily
+_quantum sufficit_ of tobacco. Many very poor families use tobacco, in
+all ways. Now suppose a poor family use twenty-five cents' worth of
+tobacco a week; it will amount to twelve dollars fifty cents a
+year,--and in fifty years, reckoning principal and interest, it will
+amount to three thousand five hundred and fifty-two dollars.
+
+Just look at this tax for snuff and tobacco, in a single aspect more.
+Many think it will make _no_ man the poorer, to pay six cents a day for
+this indulgence. It will make _every_ man the poorer. Let any young
+mechanic, or farmer, or merchant, consume six and a quarter cents' worth
+of this drug a day--beginning at twenty years of age, and continuing
+until he is sixty years old--and the sum total, reckoning principal and
+interest, will amount, in these forty years, to three thousand five
+hundred and twenty-nine dollars, thirty-six cents.
+
+If the _cost_ of tobacco,--the _neglect of business_ which it
+occasions,--the expense of the _pipes_ and the _boxes_, and the various
+_apparatus_ which the use of it involves,--and the _intoxication_ to
+which it leads,--all be reckoned up, the amount of _pauperism_ which
+this weed brings upon the nation, cannot be less than one quarter of the
+sum total of all our pauperism. And the sum total of the pauperism in
+this nation, has been shown, again and again, to be not less than twelve
+millions of dollars, annually. Hence the pauper tax, occasioned by the
+use of tobacco, may be set down at three millions of dollars, annually.
+
+ Here we have, then, the _expense_ of tobacco,  $10,000,000
+ The _time_ lost by the use of it,              $12,520,000
+ The _pauper tax_ which it occasions,            $3,000,000
+                                                ___________
+                                       Total,   $25,520,000
+
+To this sum should be added one-tenth of the waste of property, which
+strong drink occasions; inasmuch as one-tenth of the rum-drinking must
+be charged to tobacco. Now, it has been estimated that the whole cost of
+strong drink used annually, in this country, amounts to one hundred and
+twenty-five millions of dollars; a tenth of which is twelve and a half
+millions of dollars. If this tithe be added to the above estimate, it
+will make the sum total thirty-eight and a half millions. But as I
+intend my estimates shall be _moderate_, I will say nothing of the waste
+of property which tobacco occasions in connection with strong drink. I
+will put down the sum total as above twenty-five millions of dollars.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars, consumed by the use of tobacco, in this
+Christian nation, annually; and not a little of it by professors of
+religion, and ministers of the gospel, who are required by their Lord
+and Master to deny themselves,--to take up their cross,--to let their
+light shine before men, that they may see their good works, and glorify
+our Father in heaven. Nearly the whole of this twenty-five millions of
+dollars is a _dead loss_ to the nation; yes, it is infinitely _worse_
+than a dead loss; it not only does no good, but it actually goes to make
+fools and beggars, idlers and sots,--to purchase dyspepsia, early graves
+and everlasting shame. And what would this vast amount of property
+accomplish, if saved and devoted to useful purposes.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars annually, if applied to the improvement
+of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and to the advancement of
+the arts, sciences, and true religion, would accomplish everything for
+this nation, that the enlightened patriot and true Christian can ask
+for.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, would soon furnish canals,
+and rail-roads, and all other desirable facilities for
+intercommunication throughout the nation. Twenty-five millions of
+dollars, annually, would sustain all our colleges, academies and other
+schools, and all the religious and benevolent institutions of this whole
+country. It would rear seminaries of learning in every State where they
+are needed; and it would plant a Sabbath school, with a sufficient
+library in every school district.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, if applied in all feasible
+and suitable ways, would give freedom, with all the blessings of
+Christianity to the colored race in our own country, and throughout the
+continent of Africa in a very few years: and would terminate slavery and
+the slave-trade in every part of the world.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars annually, would send forth to the
+nations now perishing in heathen darkness, ten thousand missionaries,
+and five millions of tracts, every year, provided the men could be
+found.
+
+Twenty-five millions of dollars, annually, would, in five years, furnish
+all the money necessary to carry into complete execution, that noble
+purpose of the American Bible Society, of giving a copy of the Bible,
+within a specified time, to every accessible family on the earth. And
+what friend of man is there among us,--what patriot is there,--what
+Christian is there,--who can look at these truths, and not make up his
+mind to abandon all use of tobacco, _forever_; and to exert the whole
+weight of his influence and example to persuade others to do the same?
+
+I am aware, indeed, that it may be said, if the whole company of
+tobacco-chewers, smokers, and snuffers, should at once abandon all use
+of this weed, and thus withdraw their whole patronage, this twenty-five
+millions of dollars, which now gives wealth to many a man engaged in
+growing, manufacturing, and vending the poison, would be so much capital
+unemployed; and the means of living would be cut off from many a
+family,--and bankruptcy, and wretchedness would be the consequent
+portion of many an individual. This may be true. And it may be true,
+too, that the like consequences would follow the universal abandonment
+of intoxicating liquors. But what then? Shall one sixth part of the
+nation continue to use this poison, because, forsooth, the _producers_
+and _venders_ of it will lose their profits if it be abandoned? Shall
+the _intellect_, and _health_, and _comfort_, and _wealth_, and _lives_
+of hundreds and thousands of our fellow citizens, be sacrificed yearly;
+and widows and orphans be multiplied by scores and fifties, in every
+section of this wide-spreading country; and one of the prominent
+auxiliaries of _intemperance_,--and consequently of _crime_, and
+_insanity_, and _eternal woe_--be cherished; and twenty-five millions of
+dollars be _wasted_, and worse than wasted; and all this, that the
+_producers_ and _venders_ may feed and fatten on the gains? This
+objection lies equally against the temperance reform and every other
+reform, where cupidity and avarice are involved.
+
+As to the producers, it is affirmed on good authority, that hemp and
+corn, and other useful articles may be substituted without loss, and
+even with advantage. As to the venders, their capital may all be
+profitably employed upon valuable merchandise, without damage. But if it
+were not so; where _health_, _life_, and _happiness_ are involved, no
+good man can hesitate. The path of duty is plain. We are bound to walk
+in it, even though it run counter to the gains of those engaged in
+unlawful commerce.
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+VI. From a consideration of the _mortality_ which tobacco occasions.
+
+Some of my readers may be startled at this consideration. They may not
+have dreamed, even, that tobacco _kills_ any body. So insidious are the
+effects of this poison, and so insensible have the community been to its
+abominations, that very few have regarded the use of tobacco as the
+cause of swelling our bills of mortality. But though appalling, it is
+nevertheless true, that tobacco carries vast multitudes to the grave,
+all over our country, every year. Says Dr. Salmon, "I am confident more
+people have died of apoplexies, since the use of snuff in one year, than
+have died of that disease in an hundred years before; and most, if not
+all, whom I have observed to die, of late of that disease, were extreme
+and constant snuff-takers." The late Rev. Dr. Samuel Cooper, of Boston,
+by constant use of snuff, brought on a disorder of the head, which was
+thought to have ended his days. A very large quantity of hardened Scotch
+snuff was found, by a _post mortem_ examination, between the external
+nose and the brain. The late Gov. Sullivan, speaking of Gov. Hancock,
+the early President of Congress, says, "Gov. Hancock was an immoderate
+chewer of tobacco; but being a well-bred man, and a perfect gentleman,
+he, from a sense of decorum, refrained from spitting in company, or in
+well-dressed rooms. This produced the habit of swallowing the juice of
+the tobacco, the consequence of which was, his stomach became inactive,
+and a natural appetite seldom returned; the agreeable sensations of
+hunger could not be experienced but by the use of stimulants, to satisfy
+which he swallowed more food than his digestive powers could dispose of.
+This derangement in chylification increased his gout, his stomach became
+paralytic, and he died at the age of fifty-eight."
+
+Again, says Governor Sullivan, "My own brother, the active General
+Sullivan, began early in life to take snuff. It injured essentially a
+fine voice which he possessed as a public speaker. When he was an
+officer in the American army, he carried his snuff loose in his pocket.
+He said he did this because the opening of a snuff-box in the field of
+review, or on the field of battle, was inconvenient. At times he had
+violent pains in the head; the intervals grew shorter and shorter, and
+the returns more violent, when his sufferings ended in a stroke of
+palsy, which rendered him insensible to pain, made him helpless and
+miserable, and lodged him in the grave before he was fifty years of age;
+and I have no doubt [says the Governor,] but all this sprung from the
+use of snuff." He adds, "I have known some persons live to old age, in
+the extravagant use of tobacco; but they bear a small proportion to
+those who, by the habit of using tobacco, have been swept into the grave
+in _early_ or _middle_ life."
+
+Professor Silliman mentions two affecting cases of young men, in the
+Institution with which he is connected, who were carried to an early
+grave by tobacco. One of them, he says, entered college with an athletic
+frame; but he acquired the habit of using tobacco, and would sit and
+smoke by the hour together. His friends tried to persuade him to quit
+the practice; but he loved his lust, and would have it, live or die: the
+consequence was, he went down to the grave, a suicide.
+
+One of the German periodicals says, the chief German physiologists
+compute, that of twenty deaths of men between eighteen and twenty-five,
+ten, that is, one half, originate in the waste of the constitution by
+smoking. They declare, also, with much truth, that tobacco burns out the
+_blood_, the _teeth_, the _eyes_, and the _brain_.
+
+To this unequivocal testimony, which is confirmed by the observation of
+every intelligent person who has turned his attention to this matter,
+much more might be added; but it is unnecessary. How large a proportion
+of the twenty thousand deaths--reckoning one death to a hundred
+souls--which occur annually, among the two millions of tobacco consumers
+in this country, are to be charged to the use of this deadly narcotic, I
+am unable definitely to determine. If we suppose one quarter of these
+deaths to be caused by tobacco, it will give us the number of five
+thousand. Five thousand deaths in these United States, every year from
+the use of tobacco! and this is doubtless far below the actual number.
+Five thousand valuable lives sacrificed in this enlightened land,
+annually, in the use of a dirty plant, that no living creature, except
+man and the tobacco worm, will touch, or taste, or handle. Five thousand
+men and women carried to the grave, yearly, by a poisonous weed, which
+does _no good_, and which, for filthiness and disgust, scarcely has its
+parallel in the whole vegetable kingdom. Is there a _Christian_,--is
+there a _patriot_,--is there a _friend_ of humanity,--is there an
+_individual_, that values his own probationary existence,--who can look
+at the sweeping mortality which tobacco brings upon the nation, and
+longer indulge his attachment to his quid, his pipe or his snuff-box? Is
+there one who will pause and look at this matter, and not resolve that
+he will, _forthwith_, _entirely_, and _forever_, abandon a practice
+which does so much to people the grave?
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+VII.--From a consideration of the _apologies_ of the lovers of tobacco.
+
+I call them _apologies_. They cannot be considered _reasons_. Almost
+every lover of the dirty weed, feels that he needs an apology. One will
+tell us he has a cold, watery stomach, and he thinks that tobacco, by
+promoting expectoration, relieves the difficulty. Another will tell us
+he is very much troubled with indigestion, and he thinks tobacco
+relieves the difficulty; though, in truth, tobacco is the very worst
+drug he could use to relieve that disease, and is among the primordial
+causes of inducing it. Another will tell us that he is afflicted with
+the rising of his food after eating, and he thinks tobacco gives
+immediate relief; not suspecting, perhaps, that this rising of the food
+is occasioned by over eating. Another will tell us he has a distressing
+difficulty in the head, and brain, and he thinks a little good Scotch
+snuff affords relief; as though the filling the pores, and cavities of
+the head, and clogging up the brain, with this dirty stuff, would remove
+a disease which in most cases it originates.
+
+Others use tobacco to preserve the teeth; and this, though it is a
+solemn truth, that many a one loses his teeth by smoking and chewing
+the poisonous plant. Others, again, use tobacco to excite the mind to
+more vigorous intellectual effort. But when and where do we find great
+lovers of tobacco great students, and intellectual giants? Dr. Rush
+says, "I suspect tobacco is oftener used for the _want_ of ideas, than
+to excite them." There are some whose apology for using tobacco is, that
+it guards them against the power of contagious diseases. But Dr. Rees
+affirms that tobacco does not contain an antidote against contagion, and
+that, in general, it has no antiseptic power; and is therefore of no
+special use. There is another class still, who use tobacco because it
+soothes the irksomeness of life. They fear solitude; and to prevent
+self-examination, and to while away their probation time, they fly to
+the _pipe_, _quid_, and _snuff-box_; and soon, by an easy transition, to
+the wine-glass and brandy-bottle.
+
+These are the _usual apologies_ of the devotees to tobacco. And what do
+they amount to? In truth, the common opinion that tobacco is good for
+the head-ache,--weak eyes,--cold and watery stomachs,--the preservation
+of the teeth,--and the like, is sheer delusion. Let every man and woman,
+who would live long, and usefully, and happily, awake from this
+delusion; and let no one, as he values health, life, and salvation,
+_taste_, _touch_, or _handle_, the filthy poison.
+
+I maintain my position,
+
+VIII, AND LASTLY.--From a consideration of the _eternal ruin_ which
+tobacco occasions. On this point, a word or two only, will suffice. That
+tobacco carries many a soul down to the pit of eternal woe, is manifest
+from its connection with drunkenness, and from its inducing disease and
+death. Every man who dies a drunkard, and every man who, knowingly and
+recklessly, brings upon himself disease and death through the influence
+of tobacco, is a _suicide_. And drunkards and suicides cannot inherit
+the kingdom of God. How many will at last, ascribe their eternal ruin to
+alcohol and tobacco, cannot now be told.
+
+That it will be a great multitude, (perhaps a great multitude which no
+man can number,) we have no reason to doubt.
+
+What then, I ask, _ought_ to be _done_? What _can_ be done? What _must_
+be done? If this poisonous narcotic be of _recent_ origin; if it be
+ruinous to the _health_ and _constitution_, and _intellect_, and
+_public_ and _private morals_; if it occasions an amazing _waste of
+property_,--and a multitude of _deaths_,--and _eternal ruin_ to many
+precious souls; and if it do no good,--and there be no _apology_ for
+using it, which will bear examination; then _something ought to be
+done_, and it ought to be done _immediately_. And, _only one_ thing need
+be done. And that _can_ be done, and it ought to be done. It is
+this:--_tobacco can be abandoned_. And if moral influence enough can be
+enlisted, it _will_ be abandoned.
+
+TOTAL ABSTINENCE is the only sure remedy. TOTAL ABSTINENCE will deliver
+us from all the evils which this weed has brought down upon individuals
+and families, and the nation.--Nothing else will do it. And total
+abstinence can be adopted and practiced. True; in some cases, it may
+cost an _effort_; but, in every instance, three weeks' perseverance will
+overcome the habit. Three weeks' _total abstinence_, will disenthrall
+every victim, and give him the prospect of _freedom_, _plenty_,
+_health_, and _happiness_. And shall this effort be made? A _mighty_
+effort it must be, to liberate and save this whole nation--and
+especially our young men and maidens--from the curses of the _quid_, the
+_pipe_, and the _snuff-box_.
+
+I appeal to my fellow citizens. I appeal to the _nation_, and the _whole
+nation_. _Shall_ the effort be made?
+
+I appeal to _patriots_. Patriotism forbids the man who loves his
+country, to shrink from any personal sacrifice, if he can thereby arrest
+some great national evil. That the use of tobacco is a great national
+evil, appears from the considerations which have been laid before you.
+It has been shown that tobacco is weakening the physical and mental
+energies of this nation,--that it is depraving our morals, and
+destroying the public conscience,--and that it is causing an amazing
+waste of property, and health and life. I ask every patriot to look at
+this portentous evil. Every true patriot, who will examine the length,
+breadth, and depth of this evil, cannot but feel that it claims his
+attention. And he will enquire what efforts, what sacrifices, can
+deliver us from the curses of this narcotic? The answer to this inquiry
+is an _easy_ answer,--the effort is an _easy_ effort,--the sacrifice is
+an _easy_ sacrifice. Let every true patriot in our country abstain from
+the poison, _immediately_, _entirely_, and _forever_; and let him use
+the whole weight of his influence and example to persuade others--and
+especially the young men and maidens of this republic--to practice
+entire abstinence; and the work will soon be done. We put the question
+to every true patriot: _will you do it_?
+
+I appeal to _Christians_. Your religion requires you to abstain from the
+very appearance of evil. It requires you to deny yourselves, to take up
+your cross, and to follow Christ through evil, as well as through good
+report. Is there no appearance of evil, in the use of tobacco? Can the
+Christian deny himself and follow Christ, with the quid, or pipe in his
+mouth, or the contents of the snuff-box in his nose? If Christ himself,
+were here on earth, in this age of action, when six hundred millions of
+men, for whom he died, are perishing for lack of vision--think you he
+would waste a single cent of _property_, or a single moment of _time_,
+or a single ounce of health and mental energy, in the habitual use of
+this narcotic? Would he _handle_, _touch_, or _taste_, the poison? And
+will _you_, whose names are written in his book,--_you_, who have been
+bought with his blood, and sanctified through his grace, and made heirs
+of all the riches of his kingdom,--_you_, whom he requires to be
+_examples_ in all things,--will you _handle_, or _touch_ or _taste_ it?
+Let every Christian in our country, abstain from this poison,
+_immediately_, _entirely_, and _forever_; and let him use the whole
+weight of his influence and example, to persuade others to practice
+_entire abstinence_; and this work of reform will soon be done. We put
+the question to every true Christian: _will you do it_?
+
+I appeal to the _youth_ of both sexes. You are the flower and the hope
+not only of this nation, but of all nations struggling for freedom. The
+destinies of this republic are about being placed, under God, in your
+hands; and inasmuch as all the friends of freedom, everywhere, are
+looking up to our institutions for light and aid, the destinies of the
+world will rest with a mightier weight of responsibility upon your
+shoulders, than upon any other generation that has come forth upon the
+stage of action, for twenty centuries. The importance of sound and
+enlightened principles--of pure and elevated examples, and independent
+and decided action in _you_, is above all estimation. You are placed in
+the moral Thermopylae of the world. The evils arising from _alcohol_ and
+_tobacco_, which you have it in your power to avert from your country,
+are more dreadful than the invasion of Xerxes with his millions. The
+cause of moral reform, in the use of the latter of these articles, which
+we urge upon you with deepest and sincerest solicitude, is far more
+urgent than that in which the Bruti and the Gracchi offered up their
+lives. Some of you have not yet handled or tasted the fatal drug. Let
+all such stand firm henceforward, and never yield to the power of
+custom, temptation and lust. Some of you, on the other hand, have
+permitted yourselves to become the victims of this drug. Let all such be
+urged by the voice of patriotism, religion, self-respect, reason,
+conscience, and duty, to _abstain_ from this poison, _immediately_,
+_entirely_, and _forever_. And then every young man, and every young
+woman, in the republic, shall be free from all the calamities attending
+the use of this narcotic; and love, and peace, and joy, will run through
+the land, and flow over the world. We put the question to every youth:
+_will you do it_?
+
+I appeal to the _friends of temperance_. You have enlisted your energies
+to expel intoxicating drinks from common use throughout the world. Go
+on, and prosper. But, as you go, remember, that complete success will
+not crown your exertions unless you are consistent,--unless you abandon
+all use of tobacco, the companion and sister of alcohol. As you go forth
+to the noble work you have undertaken, you will be met at every corner,
+with the declaration of A. B. and C., _I_ am ready to abstain from
+alcohol when _you_ do from tobacco; and how effectually will this
+declaration shut your mouth, and destroy your influence. Be
+_consistent_. Carry your principles into _all_ your evil habits, and a
+moral potency will be diffused through what you say and do, that nothing
+can resist. We put the question to every friend of temperance: _will you
+do it_?
+
+I appeal to American _females_. As mothers, wives and daughters, you
+have it in your power (without turning aside from your appropriate
+duties) to put an end to the use of this disgusting weed. The children
+and youth of this nation, to say nothing of the young men and fathers,
+are almost exclusively under your control; and may be moulded at your
+pleasure. You know how _filthy_, _disgusting_, _ruinous_, is the
+practice against which we ask you to set your faces. Only practice
+ENTIRE ABSTINENCE yourselves, and urge this practice upon all within
+your reach; and in less than twenty years, this reformation will be
+completed. We put the question to every mother, wife, daughter: _will
+you do it_?
+
+I appeal to the _medical_ profession. You are the guardians of the
+health of the republic. You are acquainted with the deadly properties of
+the drug in question. You can understand the necessity, and appreciate
+the importance of reform. You know that _entire abstinence_ is urged by
+paramount considerations. In the work of reform from spirit-drinking,
+you have acted in a manner that reflects honor upon your profession. In
+the work of reform now urged upon your notice, we calculate upon your
+active, hearty co-operation. If you put your hand to this work, by
+_precept_, and by _example_; if you abstain _entirely_, and _forever_,
+from all use of this plant, and inculcate entire abstinence, as you have
+opportunity; the work which now bespeaks your attention will soon be
+done. We put the question to every medical man: _will you do it_?
+
+Finally--I appeal to _ministers_ of the Gospel. You are stationed on the
+watch-towers of Zion, as guardians of the public morals. Against every
+abomination your great Master requires you to cry aloud and spare not;
+to lift up your voice like a trumpet; to show the people their
+transgressions, and the house of Jacob their sins. He requires you to be
+_examples_ to the flock, in all things, that, while
+
+  "You allure to brighter worlds,"
+
+you "may lead the way." I ask you to look at the influence of tobacco
+upon the _health_, _wealth_, _morals_, and _lives_ of this republic; and
+then to decide, as in the fear of God, whether the blood of souls may
+not be found on your garments, if you do not _abstain_ yourselves from
+all common use of this drug, and warn every man around you to do
+likewise.[A] Suffer us to point you to Him who went about doing good,
+and pleased not himself, and set a pure and perfect example in
+everything; and also to that early servant of his, who would abstain
+from things good and lawful, rather than prejudice the interests of
+Zion. What reception would the Apostles have met, when they went about
+to enlighten and reform the world, if they had carried with them their
+_snuff-boxes_, _pipes_, _cigars_, and _pig-tail_ tobacco? But a word to
+the wise is sufficient. Let all who minister in holy things, abstain
+from this poison, immediately, entirely, and forever; and let them use
+the whole weight of their influence, and example, to persuade
+others--and especially our youth--to practice entire abstinence; and
+this good work will soon be done. We put the question to every minister
+of Christ: _will you do it_?
+
+[A] Says a distinguished correspondent--the most efficient officer of
+one of our benevolent institutions, "Not long since a clergyman called
+on me as agent for one of the most popular Societies for spreading the
+knowledge of Christ crucified throughout the world: his breath was
+intolerable, and the tobacco juice had formed a current from each corner
+of his mouth downward. I need not describe to you my feelings at this
+exhibition."
+
+
+
+
+JUST PUBLISHED.
+
+
+"Facts and Important Information from distinguished Physicians and other
+sources." Fourth Edition. Published by Geo. Gregory. For sale by D. S.
+King, 1 Cornhill, Jordan & Co., 121 Washington St., Boston--John S.
+Taylor, 145 Nassau St., N. Y.--Wm. Aplin, 65 South Main Street,
+Providence.
+
+Price--12 1-2 cts. single, $1 per dozen, $8 a hundred, and $7 a hundred,
+by the thousand. All communications addressed, post paid, to either of
+the sellers, and all orders accompanied with the cash, will receive
+prompt attention.
+
+This little work relates to an important subject and it has met with a
+remarkably favorable reception; as shown by the fact, that four
+editions--_twenty thousand_ copies in all--have been published within
+ten months; and the sale is rapidly increasing.
+
+
+RECOMMENDATIONS.
+
+_The following highly valuable testimonials are from President_ EDWARDS,
+_Professor_ STUART, _Rev. Dr._ WOODS, _and Professor_ EMERSON, _of the
+Andover Theological Seminary_.
+
+Having read the FACTS, &c., I am satisfied that it is well adapted to do
+good, and wish that it may have an extensive circulation among the youth
+of our country.
+
+                                                        J. EDWARDS.
+
+_Andover, Aug. 16, 1841._
+
+                                        _Andover, 29th, July, 1841._
+
+I have read a pamphlet entitled "FACTS, etc., from DISTINGUISHED
+PHYSICIANS AND OTHER SOURCES," respecting a vice which is undermining
+the health and happiness of many, and degrading them, in some respects,
+below the brute creation.
+
+I think there is nothing in the manner of this pamphlet which can be
+matter of just offence to any considerate mind. I am persuaded, that,
+delicate as the task may be, the time has come when benevolence demands
+that some effort should be made to enlighten the public mind on the
+subject of which this pamphlet treats; and both the remarks of the
+pamphlet, and the facts stated in it, seem to be well adapted for this
+purpose. Most heartily do I wish success to that benevolence which is
+willing to undertake a task so delicate and so difficult as this.
+
+It is time for those who love the purity, the well-being and the most
+interesting relations of human society, to speak out upon a vice which
+is dangerous in proportion to the secrecy and silence in which it has
+been involved.
+
+          We fully concur in the above.                  M. STUART.
+                                                          L. WOODS.
+                                                        R. EMERSON.
+
+Recommended by the Boston Recorder, Zion's Herald, and many other
+papers; also by numerous clergymen, teachers, physicians, &c.
+
+Dr. Woodward, of the Worcester Hospital, has done much to expose this
+solitary vice. He says no cause is more influential in producing
+insanity. According to the Report of the Institution, for 1838, out of
+199 patients, 42 are considered victims of masturbation.
+
+
+RECOMMENDATIONS.
+
+_From President Humphrey, of Amherst College._
+
+                                   AMHERST COLLEGE, April 17, 1842.
+
+REV. ORIN FOWLER:--Rev. and Dear Sir--I thank you heartily for your
+pamphlet, on the use of that vile narcotic, _tobacco_. It ought to be
+the abhorring of all mankind, as it is of all other flesh; and the
+extensive circulation of your timely and powerful antidote, cannot fail
+of doing great good. The public in general have no idea of the enormous
+expense of smoking and chewing in this country; much less of the waste
+of health and life occasioned by it. I rejoice that your essay begins to
+be loudly called for, and wish that as many copies might be circulated
+as there are miserable slaves to the habit, which, next to alcoholic
+drinking, is stupefying more brains, and probably shortening more lives
+than any other.
+
+             Very sincerely and affectionately yours,
+                                                       H. HUMPHREY.
+
+
+_From Rev. M. Tucker, D. D._
+
+PROVIDENCE, April 30, 1842.
+
+I have read with interest the Rev. Orin Fowler's Essay on the evils of
+the use of Tobacco. A perusal cannot fail to convince every candid mind.
+The use of tobacco in most cases is an evil. The subject is ably
+discussed in this essay. The arguments are sound, the facts abundant,
+and the conclusions fair and forcible. They who can resist such appeals
+must be slaves indeed. I shall rejoice in its wide circulation.
+
+                                                         M. TUCKER.
+
+
+_From Edward C. Delevan_.
+
+E. C. Delevan, former Secretary of the New York State Temperance
+Society, says, in a letter to the author--"The subject of your Essay is
+one of immense importance to the world and to the temperance cause. The
+use of this vile weed has been the medium of forming the appetite for
+strong drink, and ultimately destroying thousands of the most promising
+youth of our country. You will hardly ever meet with an intemperate
+person without finding him addicted to the use of tobacco. The public
+only want light on this important subject, to act. Your able and
+convincing Disquisition will be the means of doing much good. I hope
+funds will be provided to furnish a copy to each clergyman in the United
+States. Send me one thousand copies of the second edition, as soon as it
+is from the press."
+
+For other recommendations, see 7th and 8th pages.
+
+PRICE.--12 1-2 single, $1 per dozen, $8 a hundred, and $7 a hundred by
+the thousand.
+
+The co-operation of Societies, and of benevolent individuals, is
+earnestly requested, in this important reform. Young men are invited to
+engage in circulating this work.
+
+All communications addressed post paid, to either of the Booksellers
+named on the cover; and all orders accompanied with the cash, will
+receive prompt attention.
+
+
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|                      Transcriber's Note                            |
+| Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as |
+| possible, including obsolete and variant spellings and other       |
+| inconsistencies.                                                   |
+|                                                                    |
+| Minor punctuation and printing errors have been corrected.         |
++--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Disquisition on the Evils of Using
+Tobacco, by Orin Fowler
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