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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The School of Recreation (1684 edition), by 
+Robert Howlett
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The School of Recreation (1684 edition)
+       Or, The Gentlemans Tutor, to those Most Ingenious Exercises
+       of Hunting, Racing, Hawking, Riding, Cock-fighting, Fowling,
+       Fishing
+
+Author: Robert Howlett
+
+Release Date: December 9, 2007 [EBook #23776]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SCHOOL OF RECREATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Louise Hope, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber’s Note:
+
+This text uses utf-8 (unicode) file encoding. If the apostrophes and
+quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your
+text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode
+(UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font. As a last
+resort, use the latin-1 version of the file instead.
+
+Words shown in +marks+ were printed in blackletter (“gothic”) type.
+Spelling, punctuation and capitalization-- including the variation
+between W and VV-- are as in the original. Errors are listed at the
+end of the text.
+
+The chapter on “Ringing” almost certainly contains undetected
+typographical errors. Readers interested in solid information may
+prefer _Tintinnalogia_ (1671), Project Gutenberg e-text 18567.]
+
+
+
+
+  [Illustration:
+  The School of Recreation.
+  Printed for Henry Rodes near Bride Lane in Fleet Street.]
+
+
+
+
+                      The
+                     SCHOOL
+                       of
+                 +RECREATION:+
+
+                    Or, The
+                  Gentlemans
+                     TUTOR,
+
+                    To those
+            Most Ingenious Exercises
+
+                       of
+
+          Hunting.       } { Fishing.
+          Racing.        } { Shooting.
+          Hawking.       } { Bowling.
+          Riding.        } { Tennis.
+          Cock-Fighting. } { Ringing.
+          Fowling.       } { Billiards.
+
+                    By R. H.
+
+    _London_, Printed for _H. Rodes_,
+    next door to the _Bear-Tavern_
+    near _Bride-Lane_ in _Fleet-Street_, 1684.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE READER.
+
+
+_Man, the Abridgement of the Creation, or the _Compendium_ of all Gods
+Works, having divested himself by Sin of that Original Innocence and
+Angelical State of Life wherein his Creator had placed him, and thereby
+Subjected his collapsed Nature to the Malediction of God, _In the sweat
+of thy Face thou shalt eat thy Bread_, &c. It pleased however the
+Almighty to continue and confirm that Original grand _Charter_ he had at
+first granted him, of being _Lord of the Creatures_: Hereby intimating,
+That tho man is now _Born to Trouble, Labour _and Cares_, as the Sparks
+fly upward_; yet God has not deprived him of any Comfort or Felicity,
+which the Earth or Creatures of it can afford; but has invested him with
+a superior Authority and _Dominion over the Beast of the Feild, the Fowl
+of the Air, and the Fish of the Sea_. Thus it comes to pass, that every
+Creature payes a _Duty and a Subjection_, (as it were) to man, as to
+their _Master_; and notwithstanding the Ferocity and Salvageness of
+their Natures, become tame and submissive to the _Empire_ of Man. They
+court his Favour and mutely supplicate his Friendship and Confederacy,
+for the subduing the Enemies of their several _Species_: They readily
+obey his Precepts, and ravisht with his Service willingly execute his
+Commands. And thus by this prime Priviledg from God, Man is allowed the
+Liberty of subduing the Creature, and recreating his Mind by _Hunting,
+Fowling, Fishing_ and the like; and by observing the Natural _Instincts_
+of every Species, the innate _Enmity and Cunning_ of every Creature, may
+glorify the Immense Wisdom of his Creator._
+
+_And as the Liberty of Recreation in lawful Exercises is thus
+_Naturall_, so is it highly _Necessary_ and Useful too. Recreation keeps
+up the strength and Alacrity of the bodily Forces, without which the
+Soul cannot work: I mean those brisk and violent Exercises, which the
+Following sheets specifie. They cause the Body to _transpire_ plentiful
+sweats, and exhale those black and fuliginous Vapours which too much
+oppress some men, and remove the Obstructions which hinder the
+Circulation of Nature. _Brisk Exercises_ render a man Active, Vigorous,
+Strong, and Hardy, and attenuate and disperse that _Stagnation_ of
+humors, Benummedness and Dulness, which _Idleness_ contracts: Nay, (as
+one excellently observes) divers bodily Infirmities, Diseases and
+Undecencies are hereby regulated and amended: _Riding_ was used by the
+great _Drusus_ for the Strengthening his weak and small Thighs and Legs;
+and by his late _Majesty_, especially after Dinner; and is also good for
+the Head: _Shooting in a long Bow_ for the Breast and Arms; and helps
+Squinting: _Bowling_ for the Reins, Stone, Gravel, &c._
+
+_Nor are the several other _Games_ commonly practised, less
+_Commendable_, were they used with a _modest_ and _prudent_ Care:
+I recomend them as useful as the other, were a _right use_ made of them.
+I would not have them made a _Trade_, instead of a _Divertisement_. But
+especially those that are managed by _Skill_, and not Fortune, may be
+Learned, for these acquaint a man with _Numbring_, and quicken the Fancy
+and Memory, and recreate the Mind._
+
+_And as Recreation is thus natural and necessary, so is it _Commendable_
+too, and recommended by the Practises of all Ages; as well sacred as
+prophane Histories plainly testifying the Truth of it. But I shall not
+trouble you any longer by detaining you at the Door, and enumerating the
+various _Examples_, which may Authorize a vertuous Use of Recreations,
+and apologize for this Work: The severest _Stoick_ being never so cruel
+to himself or Nature, as not to give his mind some _Relaxation_, and
+recreate it in some more pleasant Pathes, than the miry heavy wayes of
+his own sullen and wilful _Resolutions_. Nor do our _Modern Stoicks_,
+tho of the strictest Lives, deny themselves some _Mental_, if not bodily
+Recreations; altho perhaps _Infirmity_, _Age_, _Station_, _Degree_, may
+render their Divertisements the more _private_, yet not totally denyed.
+_Solomon_ had his _Ittan_ for Recreations, as _Josephus_ informes us,
+and the _Heathen_ Sages their _Olympiques_, wherein were exercised,
+_Wrestling_, _Running_ with _Horses_, _Leaping_, _Coursing_ with
+_Chariots_, _Contention of Poets_, _Rhetoricians_, _Disputations of
+Phylosophers_, &c._
+
+_And because _Velle suum cuique_, every Mans Nature claimes a special
+Prerogative, in the electing a Recreation _Suitable_ to it self, one
+thing being very pleasing and delightful to one, and offensive and
+troublesome to another, I have therefore like the industrious _Bee_
+gathered _Honey_ from various _Flowers_, and according to your _Palate_
+taste and Eat; I have carefully _Delineated_ and drawn to the Life the
+divers _Figures_ of the several Recreations, and leave you to admire
+that _Peice_ you fancy best; intreating you to put them to the best
+_Use_, not to make them your Trade instead of _Recreation_; in which
+sence I would have you to accept this: And now you may walk in and view
+the Structure._
+
+
+
+
+OF
+
+Hunting.
+
+
+_Hunting_, being a Recreation that challenges the sublime Epithets of
+_Royal_, _Artificial_, _Manly_, and _Warlike_, for its Stateliness,
+Cunning, and Indurance, claims above all other Sports the Precedency;
+and therefore I was induced to place it at the Head to usher in the
+rest; and of which take this concise Definition, _viz._ That since
+Nature has equally imparted unto every Beast a wonderful Knowledge of
+_Offence_ and _Security_, herein we may observe, _The curious Search and
+Conquest of one Creature over another, hurried on by an innate natural
+Antipathy, and performed or wrought by a Distinction of Smells._
+
+And now to come to the Purpose, and the Design of this Tract, briefly to
+inform the young _Hunter_, as yet raw in the true Knowledge of this
+_Royal Sport_, with what is meerly _necessary_ and _useful_, without
+amusing him with _superfluous_ Observations for his Instruction: I shall
+therefore observe throughout this Treatise this Method: 1. The several
+_Chases_ or _Games_ which fall under the first Denomination, _Hunting_.
+2. The genuine or infallible _Rules_ whereby we are to direct our
+selves, for the obtaining the true Pleasure in prosecuting the same, and
+the desired Effects of it.
+
+Know then; There are five _Beasts of Venery_ or _Forest_, viz. The
+_Hart_, _Hinde_, _Hare_, _Boar_, _Wolf_.
+
+As likewise five Wild Beasts, or _Beasts of Chace_, viz. The _Buck_,
+_Doe_, _Fox_, _Martern_, _Roe_.
+
+The _Beasts of Warren_, are three, _viz._ _Hares_, _Coneys_, _Roes_.
+
+_Note_, The _Hart_ and _Hinde_ before spoken of, though they are of
+_one_ kind, yet, because their _Seasons_ are several, are esteemed
+_distinct_ Beasts; and in the _Hart_ is included the _Stag_, and all
+_red Deer_ of Antlier.
+
+And because I reckon it the most necessary part of the _Hunter_ to
+understand the _Names_, _Degrees_, _Ages_, and _Seasons_ of the
+aforesaid different Beasts of _Forest_ or _Venery_, _Chace_, and
+_Warren_; I shall therefore, in the next place, present him with these
+following
+
+
+_Beasts of Forrest_, &c.
+
+The _Hart_, the first Year is called a _Hinde-Calf_, 2 A _Knobber_, 3 A
+_Brock_, 4 A _Staggard_, 5 A _Stagg_, 6 A _Hart_.
+
+The _Hinde_, the first Year a _Calf_, 2 A _Hearse_, 3 A _Hinde_.
+
+The _Hare_, the first Year a _Leveret_, 2 A _Hare_, 3 A _Great Hare_.
+
+The _Wild-Boar_ and _Woolf_, being no _English_ Chace, I omit.
+
+
+_Beasts of Chace._
+
+The _Buck_, the first Year is called a _Fawn_, 2 A _Pricket_, 3 A
+_Sorrel_, 4 A _Sore_, 5 A _Buck of the first Head_, 6 A _Great Buck_.
+
+The _Doe_, the first Year a _Fawn_, 2 A _Teg_, 3 A _Doe_.
+
+The _Fox_, the first Year a _Cub_, 2 A _Fox_.
+
+The _Martern_, the first Year a _Cub_, 2 A _Martern_.
+
+The _Roe_, the first Year a _Kid_, 2 A _Gyrl_, 3 a _Hemuse_, 4 A
+_Roe-Buck of the first Head_, 5 A _Fair Roe-Buck_.
+
+As for the _Beasts of Warren_, the _Hare_ being spoken of before, little
+or nothing is to be said. The _Coney_ is first a _Rabbet_, and then an
+_Old Coney_.
+
+Thus much for their Names, Degrees, and Ages: Now let us next observe
+their _proper Seasons_ for Hunting.
+
+The _Hart_ or _Buck_, beginneth _fifteen_ Days after _Mid-Summer-Day_,
+and lasteth till _Holy-Rood-Day_.
+
+The _Fox_, from _Christmass_, and lasteth till the _Annunciation of the
+blessed Virgin Mary_.
+
+The _Hinde_, or _Doe_, from _Holy-Rood-Day_, till _Candlemas_.
+
+The _Roe-Buck_, from _Easter_, till _Michaelmas_.
+
+The _Roe_, from _Michaelmas_, till _Candlemas_.
+
+The _Hare_, from _Michaelmas_, to the end of _February_.
+
+Thus much I thought fit to speak briefly of the proper _Names_,
+_Degrees_, _Ages_, & _Seasons_ of the several Chaces which we Hunt: But
+having almost forgot some, I shall insert here, as intending to speak
+somewhat of them, and they are the _Badger_, _Otter_, and _Wild-Goat_;
+the last being a _Welch_-Game: Many more there are which I might here
+enumerate, but being _Forreign_ Chaces, I omit, as directing my
+Discourse to the _English-Man_.
+
+As for the _Terms of Art_ appropriated to Hunting, as the Huntsmans
+_Dialect_, they are so many and various, that should I go about to note
+them here, it would swell my Treatise to too big a Volume; and therefore
+I refer you to the _Dictionaries_ which speak of them. And now I bring
+you to the second thing I proposed, _viz._ The _Rules And Measures_ we
+are to learn and observe in the aforementioned Sports or Chaces; and in
+this we must begin with the _Pursuers or Conquerors_ of these Chaces,
+namely;
+
+
+_Of Hounds._
+
+There are several kinds of _Hounds_, endued with Qualities suitable to
+the Country where they are bred; and therefore consult his _Country_,
+and you will soon understand his _Nature_ & _Use_: As for instance, The
+_Western_ Counties of _England_, and Wood-land, Mountainous Countries,
+as also _Cheshire_, and _Lancashire_, breed the _slow-Hound_; a large
+great Dog, tall and heavy. _Worcestershire_, _Bedfordshire_, and many
+other well mixt Soyls, where the Champaign and Covert are equally large,
+produce the _Middle-sized Dog_; of a more nimble Composure than the
+fore-mentioned, and fitter for Chace. _Yorkshire_, _Cumberland_,
+_Northumberland_, and the _North_ parts, breed the Light, Nimble, _swift
+slender Dog_. And our open Champaigns train up excellent _Grey-Hounds_,
+hugely admired for his Swiftness, Strength, and Sagacity. And lastly,
+the _little Beagle_ bred in all Countries, is of exceeding Cunning, and
+curious Scent in Hunting. All these Dogs are highly set by in all remote
+Parts, whose Princes and Lords tenderly cherish them as _Excellencies_,
+and ambitiously sue for as _Rarities_.
+
+For the _Choice_ of Hounds we are to rely much on their _Colours_, and
+accordingly make our Election. The Best and most Beautiful of all for a
+general Kennel, is, The _White Hound_, with black Ears, and a black spot
+at the setting on of the Tail, and is ever found to be both of good
+Scent, and good Condition, and will Hunt any Chace, but especially the
+_Hare_, _Stag_, _Buck_, _Roe_, or _Otter_, not sticking at Woods or
+Waters. The next is, the _Black_, the black-tann’d, or all Liver-hew’d,
+or the milk White Hound, which is the true _Talbot_, is best for the
+_String_, or _Line_, as delighting in Blood; the _Largest_ is the
+comliest and best. The _Grizled_, usually shag-hair’d, are the best
+Verminers, and so fittest for the _Fox_, _Badger_, or other hot Scents;
+a couple of which let not your Kennel be without, as being exceeding
+good cunning _Finders_.
+
+For the _Shape_ of your _Hound_, you must consult the Climate of his
+Breed, and the natural Composition of his Body; but by these following
+Characters you may know a good _Hound_. If you like a large, _heavy_,
+true _Talbot-like_ Hound, See
+
+His _Head_ be round and thick. _Nose_ short and uprising. _Nostrils_
+wide and large. _Eares_ large and down-hanging. _Upper-Lip-Flews_ lower
+than his Nether Chaps. _Back_ strong and rising. _Fillets_ thick and
+great. _Thighs_ and _Huckle-bones_ round. _Hams_ streight. _Tail_ long
+and rush-grown. The _Hair of his Belly_ hard and stiff. _Legs_ big and
+lean. _Foot_ like a _Fox_’s, well clawd and round. _Sole_ dry and hard.
+All these shew an _able Hound_.
+
+If you would choose a swift _light Hound_, the _Yorkshire_ one in the
+generality will please you; for that (as these have) he ought to have a
+_slenderer_ Head, _longer_ Nose, _shallower_ Ears and Flews, _broad_
+Back, _gaunt_ Belly, _small Tayl_, _long_ Joints, _round_ Foot; and in
+fine of a _Gray-Hound-like_ Make.
+
+Thus much to direct the Choice of _Hounds_; now something ought to be
+spoken of the _Composition of Kennels_, wherein I must appeal to the
+Affection of the Gentleman, the Lover of this Sport, and let him tell me
+the _Reasons_ that induced him to take pleasure in _Hounds_, Whether it
+be he fancies _Cunning in Hunting_? Or _Sweetness_, _Loudness_, or
+_Deepness of Cry_? Or for the _Training his Horses_? Or for the
+_Exercise of his Body_ only?
+
+If for _Cunning_ Hunting; breed your Dogs from the slowest and largest
+of the forementioned _Northern_ Hounds, and the swiftest and slenderest
+of the _West Country_, of both Kinds, approved to be not given to lie
+off, or look for Advantages, but staunch, fair, even-running, and of
+perfect fine Scent. These will make a Horse gallop fast, and not run;
+being middle-siz’d; not too swift as to out-run, or too slow as to lose
+the Scent; are the best for the true Art and Use of Hunting.
+
+If for _Sweetness of Cry_; compound your Kennel of some large Dogs, of
+deep solemn Mouths, and swift in spending, as the _Base_ in the Consort;
+Then twice so many roaring, loud ringing Mouths, as the _Counter-Tenor_:
+And lastly, some hollow plain sweet Mouths, as the _Mean_: So shall your
+Cry be perfect. Observe that this Composition be of the swiftest and
+largest deep Mouth’d Dog, the slowest and middle-siz’d, and the shortest
+Legged slender Dog. For these run even together; and warble forth their
+musical Notes most sweetly.
+
+If for _Loudness of Mouth_, choose the Loud clanging (redoubling as it
+were) Mouth, and to this put the roaring, spending, and Whining Mouth,
+which will be loud, smart, and pleasant: Such are for the most part your
+_Shropshire_, and _Worcestershire_ Dogs.
+
+If (Lastly) for _Deepness of Cry_, the largest Dogs having the greatest
+Mouths, and deepest Flews, are the best; such are your _West-Country_,
+_Cheshire_, and _Lancashire_ Dogs.
+
+But if you have your Kennel for _Training Horses_ only; then compound
+your Kennel of the lightest, nimblest, and swiftest Dogs, such as your
+_Northern_ Hounds are. For the strong and violent Exercises of their
+Horses, through the natural Velocity of their Hounds, in the _North_
+parts, have render’d them famous for Truth and Swiftness above all other
+parts of _England_; though they have not attained this through a better
+Breeding of their Horses than others, but by daily acquainting them with
+the Violence of such Exercises, which made it both familiar and natural
+to them. And _He that doth not train up his Horse so, puts a Cheat upon
+himself_.
+
+Lastly, If for the _Maintenance of your Health_, by preventing
+Infirmities and Grossness of Humours, you compose your Kennel; consult
+first your own _Ability_ for this Exercise; and if you think you are
+able to _foot_ it away, then the _Biggest and slowest Dogs_ you can get
+are best; which you may bring so to your Command, as to make them Hunt
+with no more speed than you please to lead them. And herein you are
+surrounded with a double Delight; to hear their _Musick_, and observe
+their ambitious and eager _Striving to out-go one another_, in the
+Pursuit of their Game, and yet restrained by a submissive Compliance to
+their Masters Pleasure, beyond which they dare not presume to pass. But
+if you would _pad it_ away through an Unability of footing it, Then
+choose the _slowest or middle-sized Hounds_, of good Mouths and Noses,
+for loud Cry, and ready Scent.
+
+Thus far for the Composing a Kennel: I come now to the _Kennel it self_,
+of which I need say little, as indeed unnecessary, leaving that to the
+Discretion of the _Huntsman_; Only I would have him observe, that it be
+built some pretty way distant from the Dwelling-House, in a warm dry
+place, free from Vermine, and near some Pond or River of fresh Water;
+and so placed, that the Morning Sun may shine upon it. Be sure to keep
+it clean, and let them not want fresh Straw every day. Feed them early
+in the Morning at Sun-rising, and at Sun-set in the Evening. As for
+their _Meat_, I leave to the ingenious Huntsman to get; Only this I must
+tell him, Three Bushels of Oates or Barley-Meal, with the half so much
+Bran or Mill-dust, besides the Horse-Flesh, Scraps, Bones, Crusts, &c.
+which the painful Huntsman can procure, is a fit weekly Proportion to
+keep _nine_ or _ten_ Couple of Hounds. When they come from Hunting,
+after you have fed them well, let them to their Kennel, and wash their
+Feet with Beer and Butter, or some such thing, and pick and search their
+Cleys, for Thorns, Stubs, or the like: If it is in _Winter_, let a fire
+be made, and let them beak and stretch themselves for an hour or so at
+the fire, and suffer them to lick, pick, and trim themselves; hereby to
+prevent the _Diseases_ incident to them, upon sudden Cooling, as the
+_Mange_, _Itch_, _Feavors_, &c. of which I come now to speak.
+
+But before I treat of the keeping your Hounds in Health by curing their
+diseases, I must speak a Word or two of the way to _Breed good Whelps_,
+viz. Having a Hound and a Bratch of that general Goodness in Size,
+Voice, Speed, Scent, and Proportion you like, put them together to
+ingender in _January_, _February_, or _March_, as the properest Months
+for Hounds, Bitches, and Bratches to be Limed in; because of not _losing
+time_ to enter them. When you put them together, observe, as near as you
+can, if the _Moon_ be in _Aquarius_ or _Gemini_; because the Whelps will
+then never run Mad, and the Litter, will be double as many Dog, as
+Bitch, Whelps. When your Bitch is near her _Whelping_, separate her from
+the other Hounds, and make her a Kennel particularly by her self; and
+see her Kennell’d every Night, that she might be acquainted and
+delighted with it, and so not seek out unwholsom Places; for if you
+remove the Whelps after they are Whelp’d, the Bitch will carry them up
+and down till she come to their first Place of Littering; and that’s
+very dangerous. Suffer not your Whelps to Suck above two Months, and
+then _Weane_ them.
+
+When your Whelps are brought up, _enter_ them not into Hunting till they
+are at least a Year and half old: That is, if whelpt in _March_, enter
+them _September_ come Twelve-Month; if in _April_, in _October_ come
+Twelve-months after, _&c._
+
+When you would _enter_ them, bring them abroad, with the most Staunch
+and best Hunting Hounds; (all babling and flying Curs being left at
+home:) and a _Hare being the best entering Chase_, get your _Hare_ ready
+before, and putting her from her Form, view which way she takes, and
+then lay on your Hounds, giving them all the Advantages may be; if she
+is caught, do not suffer them to break her, but immediately taking her,
+strip off her Skin, and cutting her to peices, give every part to your
+young Whelps; and that will beget in them a Delight in Hunting, and
+animate them with Courage. And now let us return to speak of
+
+
+_Diseases incident to Dogs, and their Cures._
+
+Because I should think it a very odd Humor for a Person to select these
+Creatures (Hounds) as instruments for the procurement of his Health
+Satisfaction, and Delight, and should be so inhumane as to suffer them
+to perish in their _Diseases_, because they cannot communicate their
+_Ailings_, and beseech _Redress_; therefore I have briefly summed up the
+immediate _Cures_ for their several Diseases, and by preventing his
+Excuse of _Ignorance_, desire his Application, as need require.
+
+_For Sick Dogs._ Take Sheeps-heads, Wooll and all, hack, hew, and bruise
+them into pieces, make Pottage of it, with Oatmeal, and _Penny-Royal_,
+and give it warm.
+
+_Lice and Fleas._ Boyl four or five handfuls of _Rue_ or _Herb of
+Grace_, in a gallon of running Water, till a pottle be consumed, strain
+it, and put two Ounces of _Staves-acre_ poudered, and bathe them with it
+warm.
+
+_Itch._ Take Oyl of _Flower-de-Lys_, powder of _Brimstone_, & dry’d
+_Elicampane_ Roots, of each a like quantity, and _Bay-Salt_ powdered;
+mix these Powders with the Oyl, and warm it, anoint, scratch, and make
+it bleed, will do well.
+
+_Tetter._ Take Black _Ink_, Juice of _Mint_ & _Vinegar_, of each a like,
+mix them altogether with the Powder of _Brimstone_ to a Salve, and
+Anoint it.
+
+_Worms._ Give your Hound _Brimstone_ and new Milk, will kill them.
+
+_Gauling._ May _Butter_, yellow _Wax_, and unslackt _Lime_, made to a
+Salve, and Anoint therewith, is a present Remedy.
+
+_Mange._ Take two handfuls of _Wild-Cresses_, of _Elecampane_, of the
+Leaves and Roots of _Roerb_ and _Sorrel_, the like quantity, and two
+pound of the Roots of _Frodels_, Boyl them all well in Lye and Vinegar,
+strain it, and put therein two pound of _Grey soap_, and after ’tis
+melted, rub your Hound with it four or five dayes together; and ’tis an
+excellent Remedy.
+
+_For any Ear Disease._ Mix _Verjuice_ and _Chervile_ Water together, and
+drop into his Eares a spoonful or two, morning and Evening.
+
+_Sore Eyes._ Chew a Leaf or two of _Ground Ivy_, and spit the Juice into
+his Eyes.
+
+_Surbaiting._ Wash his Feet with _Beer_ and _Butter_, and bind young red
+_Nettles_ beaten to a Salve to his Soles.
+
+_Biting by Snake, Adder,_ &c. Beat the herb _Calaminth_ with
+_Turpentine_, and yellow _Wax_ to a Salve, and apply it. To expel the
+inward Poyson, give the said Herb in Milk.
+
+_Biting by a Mad Dog._ Wash the place with _Sea-Water_, or strong
+_Brine_, will Cure him. The quantity of a Hazel-Nut of _Mithridate_,
+dissolved in sweet Wine, will prevent inward Infection.
+
+_Madness._ Lastly, If your Hound be Mad, which you will soon find by his
+separating himself from the rest, throwing his Head into the Wind,
+foaming and slavering at Mouth, snatching at every thing he meets, red
+fiery Eyes, stinking filthy Breath; then to Knock him in the Head, is a
+present Remedy, and you’l prevent infinite Dangers.
+
+And now I proceed to give some brief Instructions for Hunting the
+several _Chases_ used in _England_, for which we have chosen our Hounds;
+I mean the _Time when?_ and the _Manner how?_
+
+Having your Kennel of Hounds in good order and plight, and being
+desirous to enjoy those Pleasures, for which we have observed the
+aforesaid Rules; Lead them forth, and to your Game (Gentlemen:) Only
+take this _Caution_ along with you; Do not forget to have in your Pack a
+couple of _Hounds_, called _Hunters in the Highwayes_, that will Scent
+upon hard Ground, where we cannot perceive Pricks or Impressions; and
+for your Huntsman’s and your own Ease, let a couple of _Old stench
+Hounds_ accompany you, by whose sure Scent, the too great Swiftness of
+the young and unexperienced Ones may be restrained and regulated; and if
+you please, take the following Observations with you, and away.
+
+
+Of _Hart_ or _Stag-Hunting_.
+
+Waving the Praises of this Creature, and the large _Encomiums_ due to
+his several Excellencies, we’ll come to the Doctrinal Part, and
+understand the _Age_ of this our Game, which is known by several Marks,
+amongst which this is the most authentick: That if you take his view in
+the ground, and perceive he has a large Foot, a thick Heel, a deep
+Print, open Cleft and long space, then be assured he is Old; as the
+Contrary concludes him Young.
+
+But _Where_ and _When_ shall we find him? Examine the following Annual
+or monethly Season-Description, and you shall find him; begining at the
+end of Rutting-time, that is, In
+
+_November_, in Heaths among Furs, Shrubs and Whines.
+
+_December_, in Forrests among thick and strong Woods.
+
+_January_, in Corners of the Forrests, Corn-fields, _Wheat_, _Rye_, &c.
+
+_February_ and _March_, Amongst young and thick Bushes.
+
+_April_ and _May_, in Coppices and Springs.
+
+_June_ and _July_, in Out-Woods and Purlieus nearest the Corn Fields.
+
+_September_ and _October_, After the first showers of Rain, they leave
+their Thickets, and go to Rut, during which time there is no certain
+place to find them in.
+
+When you have found him in any of these places, be careful to go up the
+Wind; and the best time to find him is _before Sun-rising_, when he goes
+to feed; then watch him to his Leir, and having lodged him, go and
+prepare; if he is not forced, he will not budge till Evening.
+Approaching his Lodging, cast off your _Finders_, who having Hunted him
+a Ring or two, cast in the rest; and being in full Cry and maine Chace,
+Comfort and Cheer them with Horne and Voice. Be sure to take notice of
+him by some _Mark_, and if your Dogs make _Default_, rate them off and
+bring them to the Default back, and make them cast about till they have
+undertaken the first Deer; Then cheer them to the utmost, and so
+continue till they have either set up or slain him. It is the Nature of
+a _Stag_, to seek for one of his kind, when he is Imbost or weary, and
+beating him up, ly down in his place; therefore have a watchful eye unto
+_Change_. As likewise by taking _Soil_ (_i. e._ Water) he will swim a
+River just in the middle down the Stream, covering himself all over, but
+his Nose, keeping the middle, least by touching any Boughes he leave a
+Scent for the Hounds; And by his Crossings and Doublings he will
+endeavour to baffle his Pursuers: In these Cases have regard to your
+_Old Hounds_, as I said before. When he is _Imbost_ or weary, may be
+known thus: By his Creeping into holes, and often lying down, or by his
+running stiff, high and lumpering, slavering and foaming at Mouth,
+shining and blackness of his Hair, and much Sweat; And thus much for
+_Stag_ or _Hart Hunting_. As for the _Buck_ I shall not speak any thing,
+for he that can Hunt a _Stag_ well, cannot fail Hunting a _Buck_ well.
+As likewise for the _Roe-Hunting_, I refer you to what is spoken of the
+_Hart_ or _Stag_.
+
+
+_Of Hare Hunting._
+
+As for the _Time_, the most proper to begin this Game, note; That about
+the middle of _September_ is best and to end towards the latter end of
+_February_, when surcease, and destroy not the young early Brood of
+_Leverets_; and this season is most agreeable likewise to the nature of
+_Hounds_; moist and cool. Now for the _Place_ where to find her, you
+must examine and observe the Seasons of the Year; for in Summer or
+Spring time, you shall find them in Corn-fields and open places, not
+sitting in Bushes, for fear of Snakes, Adders, _&c._ In _Winter_ they
+love Tuffs of Thorns and Brambles, near Houses: In these places you must
+regard the _Oldness_ or _Newness_ of her _Forme_ or Seat, to prevent
+Labour in Vain: If it be plain and smooth within, and the Pad before it
+flat and worn, and the Prickles so new and perceptible, that the Earth
+seems black, and fresh broken, then assure your self the Forme is new,
+and from thence you may Hunt and recover the _Hare_; if the contrary
+(which narrowly observe) it is Old, and if your _Hounds_ call upon it,
+rate them off; the Scent is Old. When the _Hare_ is started and on Foot,
+step in where you saw her pass, and hollow in your _Hounds_ till they
+have undertaken it, then go on with full Cry. Above all be sure to
+observe her first Doubling, which must be your direction for all that
+day; for all her other after Doublings will be like that. When she is
+thus reduced to the _slights_ and _shifts_ she makes by Doublings and
+Windings, give your Dogs _Time_ and _Place_ enough to cast about your
+Rings, for unwinding the same; and observe her _leaps_ and _skips_
+before she squat, and beat curiously all likely places of Harbour: She
+is soon your Prey now.
+
+
+_Of Coney-Catching._
+
+Their _Seasons_ are alwayes, and the way of taking them thus: Set
+Pursenets on their Holes, and put in a _Ferret_ close muzzled, and she
+will bolt them out (being a natural Enemy to them) into the Nets: Or
+blow on the suddain the Drone of a Bag-Pipe into the Burrows, and they
+will boult out: Or for want of either of these two, take powder of
+_Orpine_ and _Brimstone_ and boult them out with the Smother: But pray
+use this last seldom, unless you would destroy your Warren. But for this
+sport _Hays_ are to be preferred above all.
+
+
+_Of Fox Hunting._
+
+_January_, _February_, and _March_, are the best Seasons for Hunting the
+_Fox_ above ground, the scent being then strong, and the coldest Weather
+for the _Hounds_, and best finding his Earthing. Cast off your sure
+Finders first, and as the _Drag_ mends, more; but not too many at once,
+because of the Variety of Chaces in Woods and Coverts. The night before
+the day of Hunting, when the _Fox_ goes to prey at midnight, find his
+Earths, and stop them with Black Thorns and Earth. To find him draw your
+_Hounds_ about Groves, Thickets, and Bushes near Villages; Pigs and
+Poultrey inviting him to such Places to Lurk in. They make their Earths
+in hard Clay, stony ground, and amongst Roots of Trees; and have but one
+Hole straight and long. He is usually taken, with _Hounds_,
+_Grey-Hounds_, _Terriers_, _Nets_ and _Gins_.
+
+
+_Of Badger-Hunting._
+
+This Creature has several Names, as _Gray_, _Brock_, _Boreson_, or
+_Bauson_; and is hunted thus. First go seek the Earths and Burrows where
+he lieth, and in a clear Moon-shine Night, stop all the Holes but one or
+two, and in these fasten Sacks with drawing strings; and being thus set,
+cast off your _Hounds_ and beat all the Groves, Hedges, and Tuffs within
+a mile or two about, and being alarum’d by the Doggs they will repair to
+their Burrows and Kennells, and running into the Bags are taken. Other
+Methods there are which are used, but the Common usage makes me omit.
+
+
+_Of the Martern or wild-Cat._
+
+These two Chaces are usually hunted in _England_, and are as great
+Infesters of Warrens, as the two last mentioned Vermine, but are not
+purposely to be sought after; unless the Huntsman see their place of
+Prey, and can go to it; and if the _Hound_ chance to cross them, sport
+may be had. But no Rule can be prescribed how to find or hunt them.
+
+
+_Of the Otter._
+
+This Creature useth to lye near Rivers in his Lodging, which he
+cunningly & artificially builds with Boughs, Twiggs and Sticks. A great
+Devourer of Fish, and eatable in some Countries, where they have _good
+stomacks_. It is a very sagacious and exquisitely smelling Creature, and
+much Cunning and Craft is required to hunt him. But to take him, observe
+this in short: Being provided with _Otter-Spears_ to watch his Vents,
+and good _Otter-Hounds_, beat both sides of the Rivers banks, and you’ll
+soon find if there is any. If you find him, and perceive where he swims
+under Water, get to stand before him when he _Vents_, (_i. e._ takes
+breath) and endeavour to strike him with the spear: If you miss him,
+follow him with your Hound, and if they are good for _Otter_, they will
+certainly beat every Tree-root, _Bulrush-Bed_, or _Osier-Bed_, so that
+he cannot escape you.
+
+
+_Of the Wild Goat._
+
+This being a _Welsh-Chace_, I thought it not amiss to say something of
+it, as not altogether Forreign. The _Wild-Goat_ is as bigg and as fleshy
+as a _Hart_, but not so long-legg’d. The best time for hunting them is,
+at _All-hollontide_; and having observed the Advantages of the Coasts,
+Rocks, and places where the _Goats_ lie, set Nets and Toiles towards the
+Rivers and Bottoms; for ’tis not to be imagined, the Doggs can follow
+them down every place of the Mountaines. Stand some on the tops of the
+Rocks, and as Occasion offers throw down Stones; and place your Relays
+at the small Brooks or Waters, where the _Goat_ comes down; but let them
+not tarry till the _Hounds_ come in, that were cast off.
+
+_Thus much for Hunting._
+
+
+
+
+Of Racing.
+
+
+As all _Beasts_ are Subservient to _Man_, and he a Liberty and Power to
+Use them, and make them his Instruments, for the Procurement of his
+_Profit_, or _Pleasure_; so is there not a Creature more Serviceable to
+man in either of these, as the _Horse_. A _Beast_ Valiant, Strong,
+Nimble and Hardy, the Vivacity of whose Spirits, neither Heat can
+scorch, or dry up, nor Cold benumb or freez; he is Valiant, Watchfull,
+and Laborious, naturally Cleanly, and of exquisite Scent; Gentle and
+Loving to man, docile, and of a retentive Memory, and Apt or Fit for the
+performing any Service wherein man employes him. And for the Use of
+which I am now speaking (_Racing_) he ought to be endued with these
+Qualifications. That he have the _Finest Cleanest Shape_ possible, and
+above all, _Nimble_, _Quick_, and _Fiery_, _apt to Fly with the least
+Motion_; nor is a long Bodied contemptible, it assuring _Speed_, tho it
+signifies _Weakness_ too. The _Arabian_, _Barbary_, or his Bastard, are
+esteemed the best for this Use, these excelling _Jennets_, though they
+are good too.
+
+Having furnished your self with a _Horse_ thus qualified, you are to
+observe his right and due _Ordering_, before your designed _Racing_.
+_Bartholomew-tide_ is the most proper time to _take him from Grass_; the
+day before being Dry, Fair, and Pleasant: That Night let him stand
+conveniently, to empty his Body; the next day _Stable_ him, and feed him
+with _Wheat-straw_ that day, and no longer; lest you exceeding that
+time, it straighten his _Guts_, heat his _Liver_, and hurt his _Blood_;
+for want of _Straw_, Riding him Morning and Evening to _Water_, Airing,
+or other moderate Exercises will serve. Then feed him with good old
+sweet _Hay_, and according to the Season, and Temperature of his Body
+clothe him; for a _Smooth Coat_ shews _Cloth_ enough, and a _Rough Coat_
+want of it. Observe likewise where you _Water_ your _Race-Horse_, that
+it be a Running _Water_, or Clear _Spring_, far distant (a Mile or more)
+from the _Stable_, adjoyning to some _Levell_; where after he has once
+well drunk, Gallop him, and so _Water_ and _Scope_ him, till that he
+refuse to drink more, for that time; then Walk him gently Home, (being
+an Hour on your way, or more) clothe, and stop him round with soft
+_Whisps_, and let him stand an Hour upon his _Bridle_, and after feed
+him with sweet sound _Oats_, throughly dryed either with _Age_, _Kilne_,
+or _Sun_; if he be low of Flesh, or bad Stomacht, add a third part of
+Clean Old _Beans_, to two parts of _Oats_, or wash his _Oats_ in Strong
+_Beer_ or _Ale_.
+
+For _Dressing_ take these _Rules_. _Dress_ your _Horse_ twice a day,
+before you _Water_ him, both Morning, and Evening, thus: _Curry_ him
+after he is uncloath’d, from his _Ear-tips_ to his _Tayle_, and his
+whole Body intirely (save his Legs under the Knees, and Cambrels) with
+an _Iron Comb_; then Dust him, and Rub him with a _Brush_ of _Bristles_
+over again. Dust him again, and wetting your hand in clean Water, rub
+off all the loose Hairs, and so rub him dry as at first; then with a
+fine _Hair Cloth_ rub him all over; and Lastly, with a fine _Linnen
+Cloth_; and then pick his _Eyes_, _Nostrils_, _Sheath_, _Cods_, _Tuel_,
+and _Feet_, clean.
+
+The best _Food_ for your _Racer_, is good, sweet, well dryed, sunned,
+and beaten _Oats_: Or else _Bread_ made of one part _Beans_, and two
+parts _Wheat_ (_i. e._) two _Bushells_ of _Wheat_, to one of _Beans_,
+ground together: Boult through a fine _Range_ half a _Bushell_ of fine
+_Meal_, and bake that in two or three _Loaves_ by it self, and with
+_Water_, and good store of _Barme_, knead up, and bake the rest in great
+_Loaves_, having sifted it through a _Meal-sieve_: [But to your _Finer_,
+you would do well to put the _Whites_ of Twenty or Thirty _Eggs_, and
+with the _Barme_ a little _Ale_, ’tis no matter how little _Water_:]
+With the _Courser_ feed him on his Resting dayes, on his Labouring dayes
+with the _Finer_.
+
+The best _Time for feeding_ your _Runner_ on his _Resting-dayes_ is;
+After his _Watering_ in the Morning, at _One_ a Clock at Noon, after his
+_VVatering_ in the Evening, and at _Nine_ or _Ten_ a Clock at Nights: On
+his _Dayes of Labour_, Two Hours after he is throughly Cold, outwardly
+and inwardly, as before.
+
+As for the Proportion of Meat, I shall not confine your Love to a
+Quantity, only give him a little at once, as long as his Appetite is
+Good: When he begins to fumble and play with his Meat, hold your Hand,
+shut up your Sack.
+
+As for his _Exercise_ it ought to be Thrice a Week, as his bodily
+Condition requires; if he be foul, moderate Exercise will break his
+Grease; if clean, then as you judge best, taking heed of breaking his
+Mettle, or discouraging him, or laming his Limbs. Before you air him to
+add to his Wind, it is requisite to give him a raw Egg broken in his
+mouth: If your Horse be very _Fat_, air him before Sun-rising and after
+Sun-set; if _Lean_, deprive him not of the least strength and Comfort of
+the _Sun_ you can devise. To make him _Sweat_ sometimes by coursing him
+in his Cloathes is necessary, if moderate; but without his Cloaths, let
+it be sharp and swift. See that he be _empty before you Course him_; and
+it is wholesome to wash his Tongue and Nostrills with _Vinegar_, or
+_piss_ in his Mouth, before you back him. And after his Exercise, cool
+him before you come home, house, litter and rub him well and dry; then
+cloath him, and give him after every Course a Scouring thus prepared.
+
+
+_For scouring a Race Horse._
+
+Take 20 _Raisins of the Sun_ stoned, 10. _Figgs_ slit in the midst,
+boyle them till they be thick in a Pottle of Fair Water, mix it with
+Powder of _Annis-Seeds_, _Lycoras_, and _Sugar-candy_, till it come to a
+stiff Paste, make them into round Balls, roul them in Butter, and give
+him three or four of them the next morning after his Course, and ride
+him an hour after, and then set him up Warm. Or this may be preferred,
+being both a Purge and a Restorative, a Cleanser and a Comforter, thus
+prepared.
+
+Take three Ounces of _Annis-Seeds_, six Drams of _Cummin-Seeds_, one
+Dram and half of _Carthamus_, one Ounce and two Drams of
+_Fennugreek-Seed_, one Ounce and half of _Brimstone_; Beat all these to
+a fine Powder, and searse them; then take a Pint and two Ounces of
+_Sallet Oyl_, a pint and half of _Honey_, and a Pottle of _White-wine_;
+then with a sufficient Quantity of fine white Meal, knead and work all
+well into a stiff Paste; keep it in a clean Cloath, for use. When
+occasion requires, dissolve a Ball of it in a Pail of Water, and after
+Exercise give it him to drink in the Dark, that he may not see the
+Colour, and refuse it: If he does refuse, let Fasting force him to be of
+another mind.
+
+To conclude, those Instructions, which are enumerated by Mr. _Markham_,
+I will give you in short before you run, and then away as fast as you
+can.
+
+_Course not your Horse hard four or five dayes before your Match, lest
+you make his Limbs sore, and abate his Speed._
+
+_Muzzle him not (except a foul Feeder) above two or three Nights before
+the Race, and the Night before his bloody Courses._
+
+_Give him sharp, as well as gentle, Courses on the Race he is to run._
+
+_Shoe him a day before you run him._
+
+_Let him be empty on the Match Day._
+
+_Saddle him in the Stable, and fix to him the Girths and Pannel with
+Shoo-makers Wax._
+
+_Lead him with all Gentleness to his Course, and let him smell other
+Horses Dung to provoke him to stale_, &c.
+
+And Lastly, Being come to the starting place rub him well, uncloath him,
+then take his Back, and the Word given, with all Gentleness and
+Quietness possible, start and away; _And God speed you well_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Hawking,
+
+
+I shall not insist on any large _Encomiums_ of this Recreation, only
+that it is a most _Princely and serious Pleasure_; nor shall I amuse you
+with subtle and nice _Distinctions_, and things no way material; But
+will inform you with what is meerly necessary for the right
+_Understanding and Use_ of this Noble Art. I shall begin then with
+_Hawks_, their _Names_ and _Flights_.
+
+
+_Of Hawks there are two sorts._
+
+The Long-Winged Hawks.
+
+  _Faulcon_ and _Tiercle-gentle_.
+  _Gerfaulcon_ and _Jerkin_.
+  _Saker_ and _Sakaret_.
+  _Lanner_ and _Lanneret_.
+  _Barbary Faulcon._
+  _Merlin_ and _Jack_.
+  _Hobby_ and _Jack_.
+
+The Short-Winged Hawks.
+
+  _Eagle_ and _Iron_.
+  _Goshawk_ and _Tiercel_.
+  _Sparrow-Hawk_ and _Musket_.
+
+There are others too of inferiour sort as,
+
+  _Ring-Tail._
+  _Raven_ and _Buzzard_.
+  _Forked Kite._
+  _Hen-driver_, &c.
+
+And as the _Age_ of these _Hawks_ is, so we name them, as
+
+  The First Year a _Soarage_.
+  The Second Year an _Intermewer_.
+  The Third Year a _White Hawk_.
+  The Fourth Year a _Hawk of the First Coat_.
+
+Thus much for their _Names_, now we come to speak of the _Flights_ of
+these _Hawks_; which are these
+
+  The _Faulcon-Gentle_, for _Partridge_ or _Mallard_.
+  _Gerfaulcon_, will fly at the _Herne_.
+  _Saker_, at the _Crane_ or _Bittern_.
+  _Lanner_, at the _Partridge_, _Pheasant_ or _Choofe_.
+  _Barbary-Faulcon_, at the _Partridge_ only.
+  _Merlin_ and _Hobby_, at the _Lark_, or any small Bird.
+  _Goshawk_ and _Tiercel_, at the _Partridge_, or _Hare_.
+  _Sparrow-Hawk_, at the _Partridge_ or _Black-Bird_. And the
+  _Musket_, at the _Bush_.
+
+Thus much for their several proper _Flights_, we are now come to their
+_Manning_, the Method of which being generally one and the same (though
+it has been the Labour of some to spend much Time, and many Words in
+treating of the various wayes of _Manning Hawks_, and yet comes all to
+one effect) I shall in short (according to the Design of this _Epitome_)
+lay down this Rule: That you watch, and keep them from Sleep,
+continually carrying them upon your _Fist_, familiarly stroak them with
+a Wing of some Dead _Fowle_, or the like, and play with them; Accustome
+to gaze, and look in their Face with a Loving, Smiling, Gentle
+Countenance; and that will make her acquainted, and familiar with Man.
+
+Having made them familiar, the next thing is to _Bring them to the
+Lure_, (which the _Faulconer_ makes of _Feathers_, and _Leather_ much
+like a _Fowle_, which he casts into the Air, and calls the _Hawk_ to)
+which is after this manner. Set your _Hawk_ on the _Perch_, unhood her,
+and shew her some _Meat_ within your _Fist_, call her by _Chirping_,
+_Whistling_ or the like, till she comes, then Feed her with it; if she
+comes not, let her Fast, and be sharp set: _Short-winged Hawks_, are
+properly said to be _Called_, not _Lured_. Make her bold, and acquainted
+with _Men_, _Dogs_, and _Horses_, and let her be eager and sharp-set,
+before you shew her the _Lure_; knowing her _Luring_ Hours; and let both
+sides of the _Lure_ be garnished with warm, and bloody _Meat_; let her
+likewise know your _Voice_ well; so that being well acquainted with
+_Voice_, and _Lure_, the Hearing of the one, or Sight of the other,
+makes her Obedient; which you must reward by _Feeding_, or punish by
+_Fasting_. But before _Luring_ (or any _Flight_) it is requisite to
+_Bathe_ your _Hawk_ in some quiet and still shallow _Brook_, or for want
+of that in a Large _Bason_, shallow _Tub_, or the like, lest being at
+Liberty, you lose your _Hawk_, (whose Nature requires such Bathing) and
+make her rangle. Now to make her know her _Lure_, is thus: Give your
+_Hawk_ to another, and having loosned in readiness her Hood-strings, and
+fastened a _Pullet_ to the _Lure_, go a little distance, cast it half
+the length of the string about your Head, still _Luring_ with your
+Voice, unhood your _Hawk_, and throw it a little way from her: If she
+stoop and seize, let her plume the _Pullet_, and feed on it upon the
+_Lure_: Then take her and Meat on your Fist, Hood her, and give her the
+Tiring of the Wing, or Foot of the said _Pullet_.
+
+Having _Manned_ and _Lured_ your _Hawk_, before you bring her to her
+_Flight_, one thing is to be observed and done, called in the
+_Faulconers Dialect_, _Enseaming_, which is to cleanse her from _Fat_,
+_Grease_, & _Glut_, known by her round _Thighs_, and full _Meutings_;
+and thus you may do it: In the Morning when you feed her, give her a bit
+or two of _Hot-meat_, and at Night very little or nothing. Then feed her
+Morning and Evening with a _Rook_, wash’d twice till the Pinions be
+tender; then give a Casting of Feathers as her Nature will bear; and
+once in two or three dayes give her a _Hens-neck_ well joynted and
+washt: Then a quick train _Pigeon_ every Morning; and after by these and
+her own Exercise, she has broken and dissolved the _Grease_, give her
+three or Four _Pellets_ of the Root of _Sellandine_, as bigg as a
+_Garden Pease_, steept in the Sirrup of _Roses_; and you have done this
+part of your Duty.
+
+To _Enter_ your _Hawks_, for _Partridge_ or _Fowle_, observe this. Lay
+an Old Feild-_Partridge_ in a Hole, covered with something, and fasten
+to it a small _Creance_ (_i. e._ a Fine small long Line of strong and
+even-wound Packthread fastned to the _Hawks_ Leash when first Lured,)
+and uncoupling your ranging _Spaniels_, pluck off the Covering of the
+Traine _Partridge_ and let it go, and the _Hawk_ after it; and as soon
+as she has slain it, reward her well with it. And thus to make her fly
+at _Fowle_, feed her well with the _Traine_ of the Fowle you would have;
+doing afterwards as above.
+
+The _Faults_ of _Hawks_ differ according to their Nature and Make:
+_Long-winged Hawks_ faults are thus helped. If she used _to take stand_,
+flying at the River, or in Champain Feilds, shun flying near Trees or
+Covert; or otherwise, let several Persons have _Trains_, and as she
+offers to stand, let him that’s next her cast out his Traine, and she
+killing it reward her. And indeed you ought never to be without some
+live Bird or Fowle in your Bag, as _Pigeon_, _Duck_, _Mallard_, &c. If
+she be _Froward_ and _Coy_; when she Kills, reward her not as usually,
+but slide some other meat under her, and let her take her pleasure on
+it; giving her some Feathers to make her scoure and cast. If she be
+_Wild_, _look not inward_, but mind _Check_, (_i. e._ other Game, as
+_Crows_, &c. that fly cross her) then lure her back, and stooping to it,
+reward her presently.
+
+The faults of _Short-Winged Hawks_ thus are helped. Sometimes the
+_Goshawk_ and _Sparrow-Hawks_, will neither kill, nor _Fly_ the Game to
+_Mark_, but will turn _Taile_ to it: Then encourage your Dogs to Hunt,
+cast a Traine _Partridge_ before your _Hawk_, make her seize it, and
+feed well upon it.
+
+If a _Hawk take a Tree_, and will not fly at all, feed her then upon
+quick Birds, and make her foot them, and in the plain Champaign Feilds
+unhood her, and riding up and down a while let one cast out a
+Feild-_Partridge_ before her, let her fly at it, and footing it feed on
+it. If they be _too fond of Man_, that after a stroke or two will not
+fly, be seldom familiar with her, and reward her not as she comes so
+improperly: Otherwise reward her well.
+
+As for _Mewing of Hawks_, the best time for _Long-winged Hawks_ is about
+the middle of _April_, and _March_ for the _Short-Winged Hawks_. There
+are two kinds of Mewings. 1. _At the stock or stone_; so called from its
+being low upon the ground, free from Noise, Vermin or ill Air. 2. _At
+large_; so called from being in a high Room, with open Windows towards
+the _North_ or _North-East_. The former is accounted the best Mewing.
+I shall not insist on the erecting or ordering of this Mew, leaving that
+to the Discretion of the Faulconer; only before he mews his _Hawk_, see
+if they have _Lice_, to pepper and scowre them too. The best _time to
+draw _the Field_-Hawk from the Mew_, is in _June_, and she will be ready
+to fly in _August_; the Hawks for the River in _August_, will be ready
+in _September_. And because _Hawks_ are subject to divers Infirmities
+and Diseases, I shall prescribe some Remedies, and so Conclude.
+
+
+_Cures for Hawks Diseases._
+
+The good Faulconer ought diligently to observe the Complexions of his
+_Hawks Castings_ and _Mewtings_, to judge of their Maladies, and is
+prescribed by some as an excellent way; and is indeed so; but an assured
+sign of knowing whether they are sick or distempered is this. Take your
+_Hawk_, turning up her Train, if you see her Tuel or Fundiment swelleth,
+or looketh red; Or, if her Eyes or Eares be of a fiery Complexion, it is
+an infallible sign of her being not well and in good health; and then
+Scouring is necessary first; which is done by the most Soveraign _Aloes
+Cicatrine_, about the quantity of a Bean, wrapt up in her Meat; and this
+avoids Grease, and kills Wormes too.
+
+_For the Cataract_: Take one Scruple of washt _Aloes_ finely beaten, and
+two Scruples of _Sugar-candy_, mix these together, and with a Quil blow
+it three or four times a day into your _Hawks_ Eye.
+
+_Pantus_ or _Asthma_: Pour the Oyl of sweet _Almonds_ into a Chickens
+Gutt, well washt, and give it the _Hawk_: Or, scower her with
+_Sellandine_-Pellets, and Oyle of _Roses_, and then wash her meat in the
+Decoction of _Coltsfoot_.
+
+_Filanders_ or _Wormes_: To prevent them, seeing your Hawk low and poor,
+give her once a month a Clove of _Garlick_. To cure or kill them; take
+half a dozen Cloves of _Garlick_, boyle them very tender in _Milk_, then
+take them and dry the Milk out of them; put them into a spoonful of the
+best _Oyle of Olives_, and having steept them all Night, give them both
+to your Hawk, when she has cast, in the morning; feed her not til two
+hours after, and then with warm Meat, and keep her warm all that day.
+
+_Lice_: Mail your Hawk in some Woollen Cloath, put between her Head and
+Hood a little Wool, and take a Pipe of _Tobacco_, put the little end in
+at the Tream, blow the smoak, and the Lice that escape Killing, will
+creep into the Cloth: _Probatum_.
+
+_Formica_: Take a little of the Gall of a _Bull_, and beating it with
+_Aloes_, anoint the Beak of the Hawk, Morning and Evening.
+
+_Frounce_: Take the Powder of _Allume_, reduced to a Salve with strong
+Wine Vinegar, and wash her mouth with it; then take the Juice of
+_Lollium_ and _Raddish_, mixt with Salt, and anoint the Sore.
+
+_Apoplex_: Gather the Herb _Asterion_ (the Moon being in the Waine and
+in the Sign _Virgo_) wash your Hawks meat with the Juice thereof when
+you feed her, is Soveraign.
+
+_Wounds_: Take the Juice of _English Tobacco_, or _Mouse-eare_, after
+you have sticht it up, with a little Lint, bathe the place is highly
+approved.
+
+Many other Diseases there are, which others have largely treatad of, and
+to whom I refer you in case of some Diseases, which may occur; and here
+take leave to conclude this my discourse of Hawking:
+
+
+
+
+Of Riding,
+
+
+This Noble Art being rightly and throughly learnt, qualifies a Gentleman
+for the three preceding Sports, and is for that Reason placed here, as a
+necessary Attendant of them. And here we must first examine the Ends &
+Design of our proposing this Art to our selves, & accordingly lay down
+as briefly as may be the necessary Rules and Lessons are to be observed
+and learnt, for the obtaining and prosecuting the same, and I take these
+to be the usual Perfections we aime at, _To Ride well the great _Horse_,
+for the Warrs or Service, and the _Horse_ for Pleasure_; of both which
+as concisely as I can, in their Order.
+
+As a _Preface_ to this, we must begin with _Taming a young Colt_. After
+you have kept your Colt at home some time, and made him so Familiar with
+you, as to suffer _Combing_, _Currying_, _Handling_, and _Stroaking_ any
+part, ’tis high time then to offer him the Saddle, which you must lay in
+the _Manger_ first, that by its smell, he may not be afraid of it, or
+the _Styrrups_ Noise. Then gently saddling him (after his dressing) take
+a sweet _Watring Trench_, anointed with Honey and Salt, and place it in
+his Mouth so, that it may hang directly over his _Tush_; then lead him
+abroad in your hand, and Water him; and after he has stood an hour
+rein’d thus, take off his Bridle and Saddle, and let him feed till
+Evening; Then do as in the morning; then dress and Cloath him, having
+_Cherisht_ him before, _i. e._ By the _Voice_ delivered smoothly and
+gently; or by the _Hand_ by gently stroaking and clapping him on the
+neck, or buttock; or lastly by the _Rod_, by rubbing it on his Withers
+or Main.
+
+On the next day as before; and after that, put him on a strong
+_Musrole_, or sharp _Cavezan_, and _Martingale_; which is the best guide
+to a Horse for setting his Head in due place, forming the Rein, and
+appearing Gracefull and Comely; it corrects the yerking out his Head, or
+Nose, and prevents his running away with his Rider. Observe therefore to
+place it right, that it be not buckled straight, but loose, and so low,
+that it rest on the tender Grissle of his Nose, to make him the more
+sensible of his Fault, and Correction; and so as you see you win his
+Head, bring him straighter by degrees; let him but gently feel it, till
+his Head be brought to its true Perfection.
+
+Having observed this well, lead him forth into some soft or new Plowed
+Land, and to take off his wanton knavish Tricks, trot him about in your
+hand a good while: Then offer to Mount; if he refuse to suffer you, Trot
+him again; then putting your foot into the _Styrrop_, mount half way; if
+he takes it impatient, correct him, and about again; if not cherish him,
+and place your self a moment in the Saddle, dismount, cherish, and feed
+him with _Grass_, or _Bread_: All things being well, remount, even in
+the Saddle, keeping your Rod from his Eye; then let one lead him by the
+_Chaff-Halter_, and ever and a-non make him stand, and cherish him, till
+he will of his one accord go forward; then come home, alight gently, and
+do a good Horsemans Duty, _To dress and feed him well_. This Course in
+few dayes will bring him to Trot, by following some other Horseman, stop
+him now and then gently, and forward; not forgetting seasonable
+_Cherishings_ and _Corrections_, by _Voice_, _Bridle_, _Rod_, _Spurs_.
+
+Being thus brought to some certainty of _Reine_, and _Trotting_
+forth-right, then to the _Treading forth of the large Rings_. And here
+first examine your Horses Nature, before you choose your Ground, for, if
+his Nature be dull and sloathful, yet strong, then _New-plow’d-Field_ is
+best; if _Active_, _Quick_, and _Fiery_, then _Sandy-ground_ is to be
+preferred; in the most proper of which mark out a large Ring, of a
+Hundred Paces circumference. Now then walk about it on the right seven
+or eight times, then by a little straightning your right Rein, and
+laying your left Leg Calf to his side, make a half Circle within the
+Ring upon your right down to its Center; then by straightning a little
+your left Rein, and laying your right Leg Calf to his side, make a half
+Circle to your left hand, from the Center to the outmost Verge, and
+these you see contrary turned make a Roman S. Now to your first large
+Compass, walk him about on your left hand, as oft as before on the
+right, and change to your right within your Ring; then Trot him first on
+the right-hand, then on the left, as long as you judge fit, and as often
+Mornings, and Evenings as the Nature of your Horse shall require. In the
+same manner you may make him to _Gallop_ the same Rings, though you must
+not enter it all at once, but by degrees, first a Quarter, then a
+Half-quarter; and the Lightness and Cheerfulness of your Body, not the
+Spur, must induce him to it.
+
+The next Lesson is to _Stop Fair, Comely, and without Danger_. First see
+that the Ground be hard and firm, then having cherisht your Horse, bring
+him to a swift Trot, about Fifty Paces, and then straightly and suddenly
+draw in your Bridle hand; then ease a little your hand to make him give
+backward, and in so doing, give him liberty, and cherish him; then
+drawing in your Bridle hand, make him retire, and go back; if he strike,
+ease your hand; if he refuse, let some by-stander put him back, that he
+may learn your intention; and thus he may Learn these Two Lessons at
+once.
+
+_To Advance before_, when he stoppeth, is thus taught: When you stop
+your Horse, without easing your hand, lay close and hard to his sides
+both the Calves of your Legs, and shaking your Rod cry, _Up, Up_; which
+he will understand by frequent Repetition, and Practice: This is a
+Gracefull, and Comely Motion, makes a Horse Agile, and Nimble, and ready
+to Turn; and therefore be carefull in it: That he take up his Legs
+_Even_ together, and bending to his Body; not too high, for fear of his
+coming over; not sprawling, or pawing; or for his own pleasure; in these
+faults correct him with Spur and Rod.
+
+To _Yerk out behind_ is the next Lesson, thus learnt: Presently upon
+your making him stop, give him a good brisk jerk near his Flank, which
+will make him soon understand you. When he does it, cherish him; and see
+he does it comely, for to yerk out his hinder Legs, till his Forelegs be
+above ground, is not graceful; or one Leg yerk’t further out than the
+other; or one Leg out while the other is on the ground; in this case a
+single Spur on the faulty side is best. But to help him in Yerking,
+staying his mouth on the Bridle, striking your Rod under his belly,
+or touching him on the Rump with it, are reckoned necessary.
+
+To _Turn readily on both hands_, thus: Bring his large Rings narrower,
+& therein gently walk him, till acquainted. Then carry your Bridle-hand
+steady and straight, the outmost rather straighter then the inmost Rein,
+to look from, rather than to the Ring; Trot him thus about, on one side
+and the other successively, as aforesaid. After some time stop, and make
+him advance twice or more, and retire in an even Line; then stop and
+cherish him. To it again, after the same manner, making him lap his
+outmost Leg above a foot over his inner. And thus the _Terra a Terra_,
+_Incavalere_ & _Chambletta_, are all taught together. Perfect your Horse
+in the large Ring, and the straight Ring is easily learnt.
+
+Your Horse being brought thus far to perfection, with the _Musrole_ and
+_Trench_, now let a gentle _Cavezan_ take their place; with a smooth
+Cannon-Bit in his Mouth, & a plain watering Chain, Cheek large, and the
+Kirble thick, round and big, loosely hanging on his nether Lip; and thus
+mount him, and perfect your Horse with the _Bit_ in all the ’foresaid
+Lessons, as you did with the _Snaffle_; which indeed is the easier to be
+done of the two.
+
+To teach your Horse _To go aside_, as a necessary Motion for shunning a
+blow from an Enemy, is thus: Draw up your Bridle-hand somewhat straight,
+and if you would have him go on the Right, lay your left Rein close to
+his Neck, and your left Calf likewise close to his side (as in the
+_Incavalere_ before) making him lap his left Leg over his Right; then
+turning your Rod backward, jerking him on the left hinder Thigh gently,
+make him to bring to the right side his Hinder parts, and stand as at
+first in an even direct Line: Then make him remove his Fore parts more,
+that he may stand as it were Cross over the even Line, and then bring
+his hinder parts after, and stand in an even Line again. And thus you
+must do, if you would have him go on the Left hand, using your
+Corrections & Cherishings on the right. Use it, and you may be sure of
+Perfection.
+
+As for the _Manages_, somewhat have bin spoken of them, there being but
+two (among many) useful call’d _Terra a Terra & Incavalere_ before
+treated of; & for the _Carreere_, only take this: Let it not extend in
+length above six-score yards, give your Horse warning before you start
+him by the Bridle hand, and running full speed, stop him suddenly, firme
+and close on his Buttock.
+
+For the _Horse of Pleasure_, these following Lessons are to be learnt.
+As first to _Bound aloft_, to do which: Trot him some sixteen yards,
+then stop, and make him twice advance; then straighten your Bridle-hand;
+then clap briskly both your Spurs even together to him, and he will
+rise, though it may at first amaze him; if he does it, cherish him, and
+repeat it often every day, till perfect.
+
+Next to _Corvet_ and _Capriole_ are Motions of the same nature, and in
+short are thus taught. Hollow the ground between two joyning Walls a
+Horses Length, by the side of which put a strong smooth Post of the same
+length from the Wall, and fasten at the Wall an Iron Ring over against
+the Post: Thus done, ride into the hollow place, and fasten one of the
+_Cavezan-Reins_ to the Post, and the other to the Ring; then cherish
+him, and by the help of the Calves of your Legs, make him advance two or
+three times; then pause, and Cherish him; make him advance again a dozen
+times more, and then rest; double your Advancings, and repeat them till
+it becomes habitual to him, to keep his _Ground_ certain, advance of an
+_equall height_ before and behind, and observe a _due Time_ with the
+motions of your Leggs. The Inequality of his advancing his hinder Legs,
+is helpt by a Jerk on the Fillets by some body behind him with a Rod.
+
+The laborious Motion of _going sideways_, being fitter for the
+War-Horse, than the Horse for Pleasure, usefull for the avoiding a Blow
+may come from an Enemy, I omit here, refering you to that.
+
+Thus much for those material Lessons which the Rider ought to teach his
+Horse for _War_ or _Pleasure_, and therefore I shall conclude this Head,
+with this _Caveat_, _That in whatever Lesson your Horse is most
+imperfect, begin and end with_; and remember, that _Exercise_ makes
+things as it were natural; when _Desuetude_ is the forerunner of
+Forgetfulness, and _Ignorance_ the Consequent of Both.
+
+
+
+OF
+
+Cock-fighting
+
+
+I shall not enlarge on the praises of this Recreation, its _Nobleness_,
+_Delight_, and _Simplicity_, devoyd of Cheat or Deceit, but what is most
+material to our purpose succinctly declare. And herein let us first
+observe the _Choice_ of a _Cock_ of the Game, directed by these four
+Characters following: That he be
+
+1. Of a strong _Shape_, proud and upright, and for this the
+_Middle-sized_, neither too small or too large, is best, because most
+matchable, strong and nimble. His _Head_ small like a _Spar-Hawks_; his
+_Eye_ large and quick; _Back_ strong, crook’t at the setting on, and
+coloured as the Plume of his Feathers; The _Beam of his Leg_ very
+strong, and colour’d as his Plume; _Spurs_ long, rough, and sharp,
+hooking inward.
+
+2. Of a good _Colour_, and herein the Gray, Yellow, or Red Pyle, with a
+black Breast, are to be preferred; the Pyde rarely good, and the White
+and Dun never. A Scarlet Head is a demonstration of Courage, but a Pale
+and wan of Faintness.
+
+3. Of _Courage_ true, which you shall observe by his proud, stately,
+upright Standing and Walking, and his frequent Crowing in his Pen.
+
+4. Of a _Sharp and ready Heel_, which is (in the Opinion of the best
+_Cock-Masters_,) of high Estimation; a _Sharp-heel’d Cock, tho somewhat
+false, is better_ (as dispatching his business soonest) _than a true
+Cock with a dull Heel_. Enfine choose your _Cock_ endued with all these
+Qualifications together above mentioned.
+
+For _Breeding_ good Cocks for the Game, or Battel, the best season is
+from the Moon’s Encrease in _February_, to her Encrease in _March_. The
+_March_ Bird is best. And now first get a _perfect Cock, to a perfect
+Hen_, as the best Breeding, and see the Hen be of an excellent
+Complexion (_i. e._) rightly plumed, as black, brown, speckt, grey,
+grissel, or yellowish; tufted on her Crowne, large bodied, well poked,
+and having Weapons, are Demonstrations of Excellency and Courage.
+Observe further her Comportment, if friendly to her Chickens, and
+revengeful of Injuries from other Hens. _Fortes creantur a Fortibus._
+
+Having placed her _Nest_, private from other Fowles disturbance, and
+warme, observe your Hen in sitting, if she be busie in turning her Eggs;
+if remiss, to help her. Set by her Sand, Gravel, Water and necessary
+food, to prevent her Straggling.
+
+After one and twenty dayes observe her _Hatching_, to take the newly
+hatcht Chickens, and wrap them in Wool and keep them warm by the fire
+till all be disclosed; then put them all under her, and let her keep
+them warm, and let none of them straggle abroad till they are three
+Weeks, or a Month old; and then let them run in some Grass-plat, or
+green Court, to pick Wormes, Grass and Chick-weed, to feed and scour
+themselves; but let them not ramble near Puddles, or filthy Channels;
+and to prevent any malady, a few Leek-blades minc’d small amongst their
+Meat is good.
+
+When they are grown so, as that their Sexes may be distinguish’t, assoon
+as the _Comb_ or _Wattles_ but appear, cut them away, and anoint the
+Sore with sweet _Butter_, till whole. This early cutting them, is highly
+necessary to prevent Flux of Blood, (which is dangerous in doing it
+later) and Gouty thick Heads.
+
+When the _Cock_, and _Hen-Chickens_, (going till now promiscuously one
+with another) begin to quarrel and peck each other, part them and
+separate their _Walks_: And the best for a _Fighting-Cock_, are private
+and undisturbed _Walks_, as, _Wind-mills_, _Water-mills_,
+_Grange-houses_, _Park-lodges_, &c. and their _Feeding-place_ on soft
+Ground, or Boards; and have for his Meat, _White Corn_, or _White-bread
+Tosts_, steept in _Drink_, or _Urine_, is good, both to Scowre, and Cool
+them. And do not debilitate and debauch his Courage and Strength, by
+having too many _Hens_ to walk with; Three _Hens_ are enough for one
+_Cock_.
+
+If before they be Six Months Old any of your _Chickens_ _Crow_ clear and
+loud, and unseasonable, then to the _Pot_ or _Spit_ with them, they are
+_Cowards_; the true _Cock_ is long ere he gets his Voice, and when he
+has gotten it, keeps good and judicious _Time_ in Crowing.
+
+Next observe your _Roosting-Perch_, for this makes or marrs a _Cock_;
+for forming of which, consult the best _Cock-Masters_ Feeding-Pens, and
+the Perches there, and accordingly proportion your own, therefore I
+shall not propose any form here; Only pray take care that the ground
+underneath the Perch be soft, for if the ground be rough and hard, in
+leaping down he will hurt his _Feet_, and make them Gouty and Knotty.
+
+For the _Dieting_, and _Ordering_ of your _Cock_ for _Battle_, observe
+these Rules. Let your _Cock_ be full two years Old, then in the latter
+end of _August_, take up and _Pen_ him, (it being now _Cocking-time_
+till the end of _May_) and see that he be sound, hard-feather’d, and
+full summed. As to the moving _Perch_, and _Pen_, take my foregoing
+Advice.
+
+The first four dayes after _Penning_; Feed him with the Crumb of Old
+_Manchet_ cut into square bits, thrice a day, and with the Coldest, and
+Sweetest Spring-water that can be had. And after you think by this time
+he is throughly purged of his _Corne_, _Wormes_, _Gravel_, and other
+course Feeding, take him in the Morning out of the _Pen_, and let him
+_Sparr_ with another _Cock_ some time to heat and chafe their Bodies,
+break Fat and Glut, and fit them for Purgation; first having covered
+their Spurs with Hots of Leather, to hinder their Wounding and drawing
+Blood of one another.
+
+After they have sufficiently _Sparred_, that they pant again, take them
+up, and remove their Hots, and prepare them for a Diaphoretick or
+Sweating Bout thus: Take _Butter_, and _Rosemary_ finely chopt, and
+_White-Sugar-candy_, mixt together; and give them the quantity of a
+_Wallnut_; which will scower, strengthen, and prolong Breath: Then
+having (purposely) deep _Straw Baskets_, fill them half way with
+_Straw_, put in your _Cock_, and cover him with _Straw_ to the top; lay
+the lid close, and let him stove till the Evening. At Five a Clock take
+him out, and lick his Head and Eyes with your Tongue, then Pen him, and
+fill his _Trough_ with _Manchet_ (as above) and hot _Urine_.
+
+After this, let his _Diet_ be of _Bread_ thus made: Take a _Gallon_ of
+_Wheat_, and _Oat-meal-flower_, and with _Ale_, half a score _Whites_ of
+_Eggs_, and _Butter_, work it into a stiff _Paste_; bake it into broad
+_Cakes_, and when four dayes Old, cut it into square Bits, as abovesaid.
+
+The second day after _Sparring_, bring your _Cock_ into a _Green Close_,
+and shew him in your Arms a _Dung-hill-Cock_, then run from him, and
+allure him thus to follow, suffering him now and then to strike the
+_Dunghill-Cock_, and so Chase him up and down for half an Hour, till he
+pants again; and thus heated, carry him home, and scower him with half a
+Pound of _Fresh-Butter_, beaten with the _Leaves_ of the _Herb_ of
+_Grace_, _Hysop_, and _Rosemary_, to the consistence of a _Salve_, and
+give him the quantity of a _VVallnut_, then _Stove_, and _Feed_ him as
+above. And thus for the first _Fortnight_, _Spar_ or _Chase_ him every
+other day.
+
+The second _Fortnight_, twice a Week will be enough to _Chase_ or _Spar_
+your _Cock_: Observing, that you _Stove_ and _Scower_ him,
+proportionable to his Heating.
+
+The Third and Last _Fortnight_ (for Six Weeks is long enough) _Feed_
+him as before, but do not _Spar_ him, but Chase him moderately twice,
+or thrice, as before; then roll his aforesaid scowring in
+_Brown-Sugar-candy_, to prevent his being Sick; rest him four dayes,
+and then to the Pit.
+
+Now, Gentlemen, _Match_ your Cock Carefully, or what you have hitherto
+done, is nothing. And here Observe the _Length_, and _Strength_ of
+Cocks. The _Length_ is thus known: Gripe the Cock by the Waste, and make
+him shoot out his Legs, and in this Posture compare, _And have your
+Judgment about you._ The _Strength_ is known by this Maxime, _The
+largest in the Garth, is the strongest Cock._ The Dimension of the
+_Garth_, is thus known: Gripe the Cock about from the joynts of your
+Thumb, to the points of your Great _Finger_, and you will find the
+Disadvantage. _The weak long _Cock_ is the quickest easier Riser, and
+the short strong one, the surest Striker._
+
+Thus being well Matcht, accoutre him for the Pit. Clip his _Main_ off
+close to his Neck, from his head to his shoulders. Clip his _Tail_ close
+to his _Rump_, the Redder it appears the better. His _Wings_ sloping,
+with sharp Points [ware Eye Adversary:] Scrape smooth, and sharpen his
+_Spurs_; leave no feathers on his Crown; then moisten his head with
+Spittle; and now favour us Fortune.
+
+
+The Battle done search, and suck your Cocks wounds, and wash them well
+with hot _Urine_, then give him a Roll of your best Scowring, and stove
+him for that Night. If he be swelled, the next morning, suck and bathe
+his Wounds again, and pounce them with the Powder of the Herb _Robert_,
+thro a fine Bag; give him an handfull of Bread in warm Urine, and stove
+him, till the swelling be down. If he be hurt in his Eye, chew a little
+ground _Ivy_, and Spit the Juice in it; which is good for _Films_,
+_Haws_, _Warts_, &c. Or if he hath _veined_ himself in his fight, by
+narrow striking, or other cross blows, when you have found the hurt,
+bind the soft Down of Hare to it, will cure it.
+
+When you visit your wounded _Cocks_, a month or two after you have put
+them to their Walks, if you find about their heads any swollen Bunches,
+hard and blackish at one end, then there are unsound Cores undoubtedly
+in them; therefore open them, and with your Thumb crush them out, suck
+out the Corruption, and fill the holes with fresh Butter; and that will
+infallibly cure them.
+
+
+_Cures for Distempers incident to the Cock or Chick of the Game._
+
+For _Lice_, being most common, I begin with; proceeding from corrupt
+Meat, and want of Bathing, _&c._ Take _Pepper_ beaten to Powder, mix it
+with warm Water, and wash them with it.
+
+For the _Roup_; a filthy swelling on the Rump, and very contagious to
+the whole body, the staring and turning back of the Feathers is it
+Symptome. Pull away the Feathers, open and thrust out the Core, and wash
+the Sore with Water and Salt, or Brine.
+
+For the _Pip_; visit the mouth, and examine what hinders your _Cocks_,
+_Hen_, or _Chicks_ feeding, and you’ll find a white thin Scale on the
+Tip of the Tongue, which pull off with your Naile, and rubbing the
+Tongue with Salt, will cure it.
+
+For the _Flux_; proceeding from eating too moist Meat, give them
+Pease-Bran scalded, will stop it.
+
+For the _Stoppage of the Belly_, that they cannot mute; Anoint their
+Vents, and give them either small bits of Bread or Corn, steep’d in
+Urine of Man.
+
+For the _Eyes_, I have spoken before, and refer you to that; and for
+other Infirmities, let Practise be your Directory.
+
+
+And now I have one Word of Advice to him that is a Lover (or would be
+so) of this _Royal-Sport_; and then have done: _Come not to the Pitt
+without Money in your Breeches, and a Judgment of Matches_; +Done+ and
++Done+ is _Cock-Pitt_ +Law+, and if you venture beyond your Pocket, you
+must look well to it, or you may loose an Eye by the Battle.
+
+Thus much for _Cock-Fighting_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Fowling.
+
+
+This is a Recreation so full of _Variety_; that it would take up a great
+many _Words_ and _Time_ to discover it; but varying indeed from this
+Design, I shall not dilate on its several parts, but as succinctly as
+may be, give you some methodical _Instructions_, as may make a man
+capable of the _Active_ as well as _Passive_ part of this Pleasure, and
+without the one he cannot have the other.
+
+Now then the _Ingenious Fowler_, like a Politick and sagacious Warrior,
+must first furnish and store himself with those several Stratagems and
+Engines, as suit with the diversities of _Occasion_ (_i. e. Time_,)
+_Place_, and _Game_; or else he cannot expect the _Conquest_.
+
+And first of _Nets_, which must be made of the best pack-thread, and for
+taking _Great Fowl_, the Meshes must be large, two Inches at least from
+point to point, the larger the better; (provided the Fowle creep not
+through;) two Fathom _deep_, and six in _Length_, is the best and most
+manageable Proportion; Verged with strong Cord on each side, and
+extended with long Poles at each end made on purpose. But for small
+_Water-Fowle_; Let your Nets be of the smallest and strongest
+Pack-thread, the Meshes so big, as for the great Fowle, about two or
+three foot deep: Line these on both sides with false Nets, every Mesh a
+foot and half Square. For the _Day-Net_, it must be made of fine
+Pack-thread, the Mesh an inch square, three Fathom long, and one broad,
+and extended on Poles according to its Length, as aforesaid.
+
+_Birdlime_ is the next, and thus made. Pill the _Bark of Holly_ from the
+Tree at _Midsummer_, fill a Vessel, and put to it running Water; boile
+it over the fire till the _Grey_ and _White Bark_ rise from the _Green_;
+take it off the fire, draine the Water well away, and seperate the
+Barks; and take the Green, lay it on some moist floor and close place,
+and cover it with _Hemblocks_, _Docks_, _Thistles_, and all manner of
+Weeds; let it lye a fortnight, and in that time it will rot, and turn to
+a filthy slimy Substance: Then put it into a Morter, beat it till you
+perceive not what it was; take it out and wash it soundly at some
+running stream, till the Foulness is gone: Then put it in a close
+Earthen pot; let it stand four or five dayes, look to its Purging, and
+scum it: When clean, put it into another Earthen Pot, and keep it close
+for Use.
+
+Your _Setting-Dog_ comes next, and sayes you must _Elect_ and _Train_
+him thus: He must be of exquisite Scent, and love naturally to hunt
+Feathers. The _Land-Spaniel_ is best, being of good nimble size, and
+couragious mettle, which you may know by his Breed; being of a good
+Ranger, _&c._
+
+Having chosen your Dog, begin to _instruct_ him at half a Year old.
+First make him familiar and acquainted well with your self above others,
+by feeding him your self, alwayes going abroad with you, and correcting
+him with _Words_ not Blows. So that he will follow none but you,
+distinguish your Frowns from smiles, rough from smooth Words.
+
+The first Lesson is, to make him _Crouch and lie down_ close to the
+ground; and this is done by frequent laying him on the ground and crying
+_Lye close_; upon his doing well reward him with Bread; and on the
+contrary chastise him with Words, not Blows.
+
+Next, To _creep to you with his Body and Head close upon the ground_, by
+saying, _Come nearer, Come nearer_, or the like Words; to understand and
+do it, entice him with shewing him Bread, or the like: Thrusting down
+any rising part of his Body or head, and roughly threatning him; if he
+slight that, a good Jerk or two with a slash of Whip-cord will reclaim
+his Obstinacy. Repeat his Lessons, and incourage his well doing. And
+this you may exercise in the Fields as you walk, calling him from his
+busie Ranging to his _Duty_. And then teach him to follow you close at
+the heels in a Line or string, without straining.
+
+By this time he is a year old, now (the season fit) into the Field, and
+let him _range_, [obediently.] If he wantonly babble or causelesly open,
+correct him by biting soundly the Roots of his Ears, or Lashing. Assoon
+as you find he approaches the Haunt of the _Partridge_, known by his
+Whining, and willing, but not daring, to open, speak and bid him, _Take
+heed_: If notwithstanding this he rush in and _Spring_ the _Partridge_,
+or opens, and so they escape, correct him severely. Then cast him off to
+another Haunt of a _Covie_, and if he mends his Error, and you take any
+by drawing your Net over them swiftly, reward them with the Heads,
+Necks, and Pinions.
+
+As for the _Water-Dog_, the Instructions above for the _Setter_ will
+serve; only to fetch and bring by loosing a Glove, or the like, is every
+mans common Observation, and therefore shall here for Brevities sake
+omit; only keep a strict Subjection in him, and Observance to your
+Commands.
+
+I shall say something too of the _Fowling-Piece_ and _Stalking-Horse_,
+and then to your sports. The longest _Barrel is the best Fowling-Peice_,
+five and half, or six foot long, with an indifferent Bore, under an
+_Harquebuse_; and shooting with the Wind, and side-wayes, or behind the
+Fowl, not in their faces, is to be observed; having your Dog in Command
+not to stir till you have shot.
+
+A _Stalking-Horse_ for shelter, to avoid being seen by the shie Fowle,
+is an old Jade trained on purpose; but this being rare and troublesome,
+have recourse to Art, to take Canvas, stuft and painted in the shape of
+a Horse grazing, and so light that you may carry him on one hand (not
+too bigg:) Others do make them in the shape of _Ox_, _Cow_, for Variety;
+and _Stag_, _Trees_, _&c._
+
+Thus being provided with necessary Engines for prosecuting and effecting
+so cunning and pleasant a work, _Let’s abroad_; and let not the
+_Ale-House_, _Tavern_, or _Brothel-Houses_, debauch and benumn our
+Spirits, but let us with the Fowler exhilerate our Minds, refresh our
+Bodies, & for a little Pains reap a great deal of Pleasure &
+Satisfaction, whet our Appetites, and get Meat too for them.
+
+Now then according to my proposed Method, let us first examine _Where_
+to find our Game? that is, The _Haunts of Fowle_, whether _Land_ or
+_Water_ Fowle; by which two Characters I distinguish them, because of
+their Variety and Multiplicity.
+
+The _greater Fowle_, or those who _divide the Foot_, reside by shallow
+Rivers sides, Brooks and Plashes of Water; and in low and boggy places,
+and sedgie, Marish, rotten Grounds. They also delight in the dry parts
+of drowned Fens, overgrown with long Reeds, Rushes and Sedges; as
+likewise in half-drowned Moors, hollow Vales of Downs, Heaths, _&c._
+Where obscurely they may lurk under the Shelter of Hedges, Hills,
+Bushes, _&c._
+
+The _Lesser_, or Web-footed, _Fowle_, allwayes haunt drowned Fens, as
+likewise the main streams of Rivers not subject to Freeze, the deeper
+and broader, the better; (tho of these the _Wild-Goose_ and _Barnacle_,
+if they cannot sound the depth, and reach the Ouze, change their
+Residence for shallow places, and delight in Green-Winter-Corn,
+especially if the Lands ends have Water about them:) _Small Fowle_ also
+frequent hugely little Brooks, Ponds, drowned Meadows, Pastures, Moors,
+Plashes, Meres, Loughs, and Lakes, stored with unfrequented Islands,
+Shrubs, _&c._
+
+
+_How to take all manner of Fowl or Birds._
+
+For taking the first (I mean the greater _Fowle_) with _Nets_, observe
+in general this: Come two hours before their feeding hours, Morning and
+Evening; and spreading your Net on the Ground smooth and flat, stake the
+two lower ends firm, and let the upper ends be extended on the long
+Cord; of which the further end must be fastned to the ground, three
+Fathom from the Net, the stake in a direct Line with the lower Verge of
+the Net; the other, ten or twelve fathoms long, have in your hand at the
+aforesaid distance, and get some shelter of Art or Nature, to keep you
+from the curious and shie Eye of your Game; having your Net so ready
+that the least pull may do your work, Strew’d over with Grass as it lies
+to hide it: A live _Herne_, or some other Fowle lately taken, according
+to what you seek for, will be very requisite for a _Stale_. And you will
+have sport from the Dawning, till the Sun is about an hour high; but no
+longer; and from Sun-set till Twilight; these being their feeding times.
+
+For the _small_ (Water) _Fowle_. Observe the Evening is best before
+Sun-set. Stake down your Nets on each side the River half a foot within
+the Water, the lower part so plumb’d as to sink no further; the upper
+slantwise shoaling against, but not touching by two foot, the Water, and
+the Strings which bear up this upper side fastned to small yeilding
+sticks prickt in the Bank, that as the Fowle strike may ply to the Nets
+to entangle them. And thus lay your Nets (as many as you please) about
+twelve score one from another, as the River or Brook will afford. And
+doubt not your success. To expedite it however, a _Gun_ fired three or
+four times in the _Fens_ and _Plashes_, a good distance from your Nets,
+will affright and post them to your Snares; and so do at the _Rivers_,
+when you lay in the _Fens_. Thus much in general for _Nets_, I come next
+to _Bird-Lime_.
+
+_Winter time_ is the most proper for taking all manner of _Small Birds_,
+as flocking then promiscuously together, _Larks_, _Lennets_,
+_Chaffinches_, _Goldfinches_, _Yellow-Hammers_, &c. with this
+_Bird-lime_, made as afore-spoken; only additionally thus ordered. Put
+to a quarter of a pound of _Bird-lime_, an Ounce of fresh _Lard_, or
+_Capons-grease_, and let it gently melt together over the Fire, but not
+Boyl; then take a quantity of _Wheat-ears_, as you think your use shall
+require, and cut the straw about a foot long besides the Ears, and from
+the Ear _Lime_ the straw Six inches; the warmer it is, the less
+discernable it will be: Then to the _Field_ adjacent, carrying a bag of
+Chaff, and thresh’d Ears, scatter them twenty Yards wide, and stick the
+_lim’d Ears_ (declining downwards) here, and there; Then traverse the
+_Fields_, disturb their _Haunts_, they will repair to your Snare, and
+pecking at the Ears, finding they stick to them, mount; and the _Lim’d_
+straws, lapping under their Wings, dead their flight, they cannot be
+disengaged, but fall and be taken they must. Do not go near them, till
+they rise of their own accord, and let not five or six entangled lead
+you to spoyl your Game, and incur the loss of five or six dozen.
+_Barn-doors_, _Thatcht-Houses_, and such like places, are excellent too
+for the use of these _Lime-straws_. _A Clap- Net_, and _Lanthorn_, in a
+dark night rub’d at the Eaves of Houses, is a common practice.
+
+_Lime-Twigs_, is another Expedient for taking of Great _Fowle_, being
+Rods that are long, small, straight, and pliable, the upper part (apt to
+play to and fro) being besmeared with _Bird-lime_ warm. Thus to be used,
+Observe the Haunts of the _Fowle_, have a _Stale_, (a living Fowle of
+the same kind you would take) and cross pricking your Rods, one into,
+and another against the Wind sloping, a foot distant one from the other,
+pin down your _Stale_, some distance from them, tying some small string
+to him, to pull and make him flutter to allure the _Fowle_ down. If any
+be caught, do not run presently upon them, their fluttering will
+encrease your Game. A well taught _Spaniel_ is not amiss to retake those
+that are entangled, and yet flutter away. Thus likewise for the _Water_,
+consult the Rivers depth, and let your Rods be proportionable; what is
+_Limed_ of them being above the Water, and a _Mallard_, &c. as a _Stale_
+placed here and there, as aforesaid. You need not wait on them, but
+three times a day visit them, and see your _Game_; if you miss any Rods
+(therefore know their Number) some Fowle entangled is got away with it,
+into some Hole, _&c._ and here your _Spaniel_ will be serviceable to
+find him.
+
+For _Small-Birds_, a _Lime-bush_ is best; thus, Cut down a great Bough
+of a _Birch_, or _Willow-Tree_, trim it clean, and _Lime_ it handsomely,
+within four fingers of the bottom: Place this _Bush_ so ordered, in some
+quick-set, or dead _Hedge_, in _Spring_ time: In _Harvest_, or _Summer_,
+in _Groves_, _Bushes_, _Hedges_, _Fruit-Trees_, _Flax_, and
+_Hemp-Lands_: In _Winter_, about _Houses_, _Hovells_, _Barns_, _Stacks_,
+&c. A _Bird-Call_ is here also necessary, or your own industrious skill
+in the Notes of several Birds. _Lime-twigs_ are likewise used, stuck on
+_Hemp-cocks_, which take vast Numbers of _Lennets_, and _Green-Birds_,
+that love that _Diet_. An _Owle_ placed near your _Lime-twigs_, is
+likewise an Excellent _Stale_, for being persecuted by all other
+_Birds_, they flock about him, and dye with Hatred; I mean, being taken
+by you, in their eager, and malicious Persecution of poor _Tom_. Some
+have Natural, others Artificial _Owles_, and with either fear not
+Success. And thus you may do, in any particular _Game_, with your
+_Twigs_, and _Stale_ of the same kind, as, _Snipes_, _Felfares_,
+_Pigeons_, &c.
+
+And here I must not forget the _Farmers_ Advantage, to destroy his
+_Corn_-destroyers, _Rooks_, but give him this Advice: Take some thick
+_Brown-paper_, divide a sheet into Eight parts, and make them into the
+fashion of _Sugar-Loaves_; _Lime_ them a little in the inside, and put
+some _Corn_ in them (if in _Ploughing_ time, _Wormes_, and _Maggots_)
+lay _Three_ or _Four Score_ up and down the Land, under (if you can)
+some Clod, early, before feeding time: Be at some distance, and behold
+the ensuing Sport. Your _Pigeons_, _Rooks_, _Crows_, &c. comeing to pick
+out the _Corn_ or _Worms_, the _Pyramidal-snare_ hangs on their heads,
+they fly straight upright, almost out of sight, and as if some _Gun_ in
+the Ayr had met with them, down they come tumbling (being spent) and
+become your Prey.
+
+Thus much in general of taking all manner of _Fowle_, by _Net_, or
+_Lime_, I come next to know their best Seasons, when to use them, and
+the first (the _Net_) is from the beginning of _May_, to the latter end
+of _October_; and the last (the _Lime_) in the _Winter_ only, beginning
+from _November_, and ending at _May_, in which times, there being no
+Leaves, your _Lime-Bushes_, and _Branches_ of _Trees_ are of one and the
+same Hue.
+
+And because Gentlemen who have _Fish-ponds_, wonder they loose so many
+_Fish_, and are apt to Censure sometimes undeservedly their Neighbours,
+when it is the insatiable _Hern_, that is the true cause: I shall next
+lay down the best and most approved way of taking the great
+_Fish-devouring Herne_, whose _Haunt_ having found, observe this Method
+to take him. Get three or four small _Roaches_, or _Dace_, take a strong
+_Hook_, (not too rank) with Wyre to it, and draw the Wyre just within
+the skin, from the side of the _Gills_, to the _Taile_ of the said
+_Fish_, and he will live four or five dayes, (if dead, the _Herne_ will
+not touch it.) Then having a strong Line, of a dark-_Green-Silk_,
+twisted with Wyre, about three yards long, tye a round stone of a pound
+to it, and lay three or four such hooks, but not too deep in the Water,
+out of the _Herne’s_ wading; and two or three Nights will answer your
+Expectation.
+
+And here I thought to conclude this Discourse of _Fowling_, but the
+young _Tyro_ or _Beginner_ in the Acquest of this Noble Art, pulls me
+back again, and whispers this Question in my Ear, How to take
+_Pheasants_, _Partridges_, &c. in particular, by either of the
+forementioned wayes, as, _Nets_, _Lime_, _Engine_, _Driving_, or
+_Setting_; because of all _Fowl_ for _Game_, these two are esteemed as
+the most Gentile, and Profitable? I shall answer his Curiosity, and for
+his Instruction, propose these ensuing Rules, though what I have said in
+general of Great _Fowl_ might suffice.
+
+
+_The severall wayes of taking _Pheasants_._
+
+For to take _Pheasants_ with _Nets_, first find their _Haunts_, or
+_Coverts_, which are generally in thick, young, well-grown _Copses_,
+solitary and untraced by Men or Cattle, and not in Old High _Woods_; and
+never in open _Fields_. Which having assured knowledge of, the next
+thing is to find out the _Eye_, or _Brood_ of _Pheasants_, wich
+according to the best Experience is thus. You must learn and understand
+the several Notes of a Natural _Pheasant-Call_, and how usefully to
+apply them. In the Morning just before, or at _Sun-rising_, call them to
+feed, and so at _Sun-setting_: In the _Forenoon_, and _Afternoon_, your
+Note must be to Cluck them together to _Brood_, or to chide them for
+straggling, or to notify some danger at hand.
+
+Thus skilled in their _Notes_, and by the Darkness, Solitaryness, and
+strong undergrowth of the place assured of their _Haunts_, closely lodge
+your self, and softly at first call; lest being near you, a loud _Note_
+affright them; and no Reply made, raise your _Note_ gradually, to the
+highest; and if there be a _Pheasant_ in hearing, he will answer you,
+in as loud a _Note_. Be sure it be Tunable. As soon as you are answered,
+creep nearer to it; if far off, and a single _Fowl_, as you call, and
+approach, so will the _Pheasant_. Having gotten sight of her, on the
+_Ground_, or _Perch_, cease calling, and with all silence possible,
+spread your _Net_ conveniently, between the _Pheasant_, and you, one end
+of the _Net_ fastned to the _Ground_, and the other end, hold by a long
+Line in your hand, by which you may pull it together, if strained; then
+call again, and as you see the _Pheasant_ come under your _Net_, rise
+and shew your self, and affrighting her, she will mount, and so is
+taken. Thus if on the contrary you have divers _Answers_, from several
+_Corners_ of the _Coppice_, and you keep your place and not stir, they
+will come to your Call, and then having a pair of _Nets_, spread one on
+each side, and do as before. Your _Nets_ must be made of _Green_ or
+_Black_ double-twin’d _Thread_, the _Mesh_ about an inch square, between
+_Knot_, and _Knot_, the whole _Net_ about three _Fathom_ long, and Seven
+_Foot_ broad, verged with strong small Cord on each side and ends, to
+lye hollow and compass-wise.
+
+The next way of taking _Pheasant-Powts_, is by _Driving_ thus. Having
+found the _Haunt_ of an _Eye of Pheasants_, known by the _Barrenness_ of
+the place, _Mutings_ and loose Feathers, then in the little Pads and
+Wayes, like Sheep-tracks, they have made, place your Nets (taking the
+wind with you) a-cross these Paths, hollow, loose and circularly, the
+nether part fixt to the ground, and the upper side hollow, _&c._ as
+aforesaid: Then to their _Haunt_, and there _call_ them together,
+if scattered; then with a _Driver_, an Instrument like that of
+_Cloath-dressers_, rake gently the Bushes and Boughs about you, the
+_Powts_ will run, and stop and listen; then give a nother rake, and so
+you will drive them like sheep into your Nets: Observe in this
+_Secrecy_, _Time_ and _Leisure_, or you spoyl your sport; _Secrecy_ in
+concealing your self from being seen by them; and _Time_ and _Leisure_,
+by not being too hasty.
+
+Lastly for taking _Pheasants_ with the _Lime-Bush_, or Rods, order
+these, as I have before prescribed; your Rods about twelve Inches long,
+and your Bush containing not above eight Twigs, with a pretty long
+Handle, sharpned to stick in the Ground, or Bushes, Shrubs, _&c._ and
+let it be planted as near the _Pheasants pearching Branch_, as may be.
+Place your Rods on the Ground, near the Bush; which will help the Bush;
+for when some are taken below by the Rods, they will scare up the others
+to get on the Bushes to seek what’s become of their Fellows, and there
+become your Prey themselves. Thus provided, keep close not to be
+discovered; out with your Call, and use it _Skilfully_ and well, and you
+need not fear Game. Number the Rods you planted, and if any be missing,
+some _Pheasant_ is crept away with it, and here let your Spaniel be
+employed to serve you in finding out the last sanctuary of the poor
+_Pheasant_, thus shunning his inevitable Captivity and Death.
+
+
+_For taking Partridge._
+
+As in all the foregoing Sports, the _Place_ where to find them is our
+first Enquiry, so here (as you did of the _Pheasant_) you must first
+find the _Partridges Haunt_. Which is mostly in standing-Corn-Fields,
+where they breed; as likewise in Stubble after the Corn is cut,
+especially Wheat-stubble till it is trodden, and then they repair to
+Barley-Stubble, if fresh; and the Furrows amongst the Clots, Brambles
+and long Grass, are sometimes their lurking places, for Twenty and
+upward in a Covy. In the _Winter_ in up-land Meadows, in the dead Grass
+or Fog under Hedges, among Mole-Hills; or under the Roots of Trees,
+_&c._ Various and uncertain are their _Haunts_. And tho some by the
+_Eye_, by distinguishing their Colour from the ground, others by the
+_Ear_, by hearing the Cock call earnestly the Hen, and the Hens
+answering, and chattering with Joy at meeting, do find _Partridge_; yet
+the best, easiest and safest way of finding them is (as you do the
+_Pheasant_) by the Call or Pipe; applying your Notes seasonable, as
+before prescribed, and they will come near to you, and you may count
+their Numbers, and to your sport.
+
+Surround your Covy, prepare your Nets, and pricking a stick fast in the
+ground, tye the one end to it, and let your Nets fall as you walk
+briskly round without stopping, and cover the _Partridge_; then rush in
+upon them to frighten them, and as they rise they are taken.
+
+For taking them with _Bird-Lime_, thus. Call first near the _Haunt_; if
+answered, stick about your _Lime-Straws_ (of which I have spoken before)
+a-cross in ranks two or three Lands, at some distance from you; then
+call again, and as they approach you, they are intercepted by the
+Straws; and to your Prey. This way is used most successfully in
+Stubble-Fields, from _August_ to _September_: And Rods in Woods,
+Pastures, _&c._ as for the _Pheasant_.
+
+But lastly, above all (to omit all others) the most pleasant way of
+taking Partridge is with a _Setting-Dog_ (of which I have spoken before
+and refer you thither) who having set them, (known by the already
+mentioned signs) use your Net, as you have heard just now: And by these
+Rules and Method, the _Railes_, _Quailes_, _Moorpootes_, _&c._ are to be
+taken; and are for _Hawks_ flight too. And here I must make an end of
+the most material part of _Fowling_.
+
+For as for treating of all manner of _Singing Birds_, their _Taking_,
+which in general hath been before observed, their _Preserving_ and
+_Keeping_, their _Natural Breeding_ and _Feeding_, is a Work of such
+common Observation, and so differing from the Design of this Treatise of
+_Violent_ and _Brisk Exercises_, that omitting it altogether here, shall
+refer you to the Venders of them, whom you may meet with in every
+Street, and furnish your self at easy rates; and are indeed but _Voces &
+præterea Nihil_.
+
+Thus much for _Fowling_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Fishing.
+
+
+So _Ancient_, so _Innocent_, so _Vertuous_, and so _Useful_ is this
+Recreation, that all the foregoing Divertisements, must needs give place
+to this, and however (inadvertently) it comes in here, challenges a
+Preference, and Acceptance before any Pleasure can by the heart of Man
+be desired. As for its _Antiquity_ some attribute its Knowledge to
+_Belus_ Son of _Nimrod_, who first invented all Vertuous Sports; others
+to _Seth_ and his Sons, he having left it on brazen Pillars engraven
+with indelible Characters not to be obliterated by the ensuing Flood.
+_Job_ makes mention of Fishing, who Lived as may be supposed before
+_Moses_; nor is it questionable, whether the illustrious Patriarchs used
+not this Recreation. Certain it is, there were many _Fishermen_ before
+_Christs_ Coming, whose sole Dependance was on this Innocent Art.
+_Innocent_ indeed and harmless, when the Lamb of God himself
+_recommended_ it (as I may say) as such, by his Divine Call of four
+_Fishermen_, to be his Disciples, and by distinguishing & dignifying
+them with the greatest _Intimacy_ with himself, and chiefest place in
+the _Apostolical Catalogue_; and by the Inspiration of his Spirit
+ennobled their Function; he made them Eminent _Fishers of men_. Nay, at
+the expence of a _Miracle_, he shewed the _Lawful Use_ of Fishing, when
+the mouth of _Peter’s_ Fish he commanded him to take, was the
+_Tribute-Money’s Purse_. And why our Saviour made his first Election of
+Fishermen, before others, this may be the undoubted Reason: Because he
+knew such men were naturally of more Contemplative and Serene Minds, of
+more Calme, Peaceable, and sweet Dispositions; And let me add too in the
+next place, because it is the School of Vertue (as I may call it)
+wherein the Primitive Christian Vertues are learnt and exercised.
+_Patience_ is the immediate Vertue wherewith the _Angler_ is endued,
+without which the Pleasure doth no longer exist; and attended with her
+three Sisters compleat his Delight. For _Justice_ directs him to the due
+Place of Sport, where he may freely exercise his Art, without Injury or
+Incivility to his Neighbours: _Temperance_ prescribes a _Measure_ to the
+Action, and moderates and rules the Affections. And lastly _Fortitude_
+encourages and strengthens his mind, to support the Labour and undergo
+with Perseverance all Disappointments, excludes _Passion_ (incident to
+other Recreations,) at the loss of a Hook, or (perhaps that he never
+had) a Fish. It makes him not fear Wind nor Weather, nor is his delight
+sowered at last with _Melancholy_ and Vexation; but tho the Anglers
+Reward is but a little Fish, for a great deal of Pains, the Contentment
+and Satisfaction is above that. Finally the _Usefulness_ of it is
+apparently great; for the cherishing the Body, and cheering the Mind,
+for diverting Sadness, and calming unquiet Thoughts, for moderating
+Passions and procuring Contentedness, and begetting Peace and Patience
+in those that profess and practise it. It has been the Recreation of
+Gods Saints, and Holy Fathers; and of many Worthy and Reverend Divines,
+this hath been and is now their beloved Pastime. And so I shall conclude
+this _Encomium_ of Fishing; Volumes may be written in its praise (in
+which I am something wanting in the other foregoing Sports, this
+claiming it as its just due above the rest) but I long to tell you
+_How_, _When_ and _Where_, you may taste its Delight.
+
+
+It hath been the Method of this whole Treatise, to divide the several
+distinct Heads of each Recreation into three Parts, to render the
+Observations and Rules the more plain and easy, for the prosecuting the
+Recreation we treat of.
+
+1. _What_ it is we pursue.
+
+2. _Where_ and _When_ to find that we would delight our selves in.
+
+3. _With what_ proper _Mediums_ or Measures we may obtain the desired
+Effects of our endeavours therein. And in this delightful Scene of
+Pastime, we now treat of, Fishing, so full of Variety and Choice,
+I shall observe the same Method.
+
+
+First then, _What_ we pursue is Fish, distinguished according to their
+sundry kinds by these following _Names_.
+
+  The _Barbel_, _Breame_, _Bleak_, _Bulhead_, or Millers-Thumb;
+  _Chevin_, _Char_, _Chub_, _Carp_; _Dace_, _Dare_; _Eel_; _Flounder_;
+  _Grayling_, _Gudgeon_, _Guiniad_; _Loach_; _Minnow_; _Pope_ or
+  _Pike_, _Pearch_; _Rud_, _Roach_; _Sticklebag_ or Bansticle,
+  _Salmon_, _Shad_, _Suant_; _Tench_, _Torcoth_, _Trout_, _Thwait_,
+  and _Umber_. All these Alphabetically thus named are the different
+  sorts of Fish, in taking which the Angler commonly exercises his
+  Art. We come next, _Where_ to find them.
+
+I. To know the _Haunts_ and Resorts of Fish, in which they are to be
+usually found, is the most Material thing the Angler ought to be
+instructed in, lest he vainly prepare _how to take_ them, and
+preposterously seek _where to find_ that he prepared for. To prevent
+which you are first to understand, That as the Season of the Year is, so
+_Fish_ change their places: In _Summer_, some keep near the Top, others
+the bottom of the Waters. In _Winter_, all _Fish_ in general resort to
+deep Waters. But more particularly,
+
+The _Barbel_, _Roach_, _Dace_, and _Ruff_, covet most _Sandy, Gravelly
+Ground_, the deepest part of the _River_, and the Shadows of _Trees_.
+
+_Breame_, _Pike_, and _Chub_, delight in a _Clay_, and _Ouzie Ground_:
+The _Bream_ chooseth the middle of the _River_, in a gentle not too
+rapid Stream: The _Pike_ prefereth still Waters, full of _Fry_, and
+absconding himself amongst _Bull-Rushes_, _Water-docks_, or under
+_Bushes_, that under these shelters he may more securely surprize and
+seize his Prey: The _Chub_ too chooses the same Ground, large Rivers and
+Streams, and is rarely destitute of some Tree to cover and shade him.
+
+_Carp_, _Tench_ and _Eel_, frequent foul muddy still Waters. The
+_greatest Eels_ lurk under Stones, or Roots; the _smallest_ ones are
+found in all sorts of Rivers or Soyls: The _Carp_ is for the deepest
+stillest part of Pond or River, and so is the _Tench_, and both delight
+in green Weeds.
+
+_Pearch_ delighteth in gentle Streams of a reasonable Depth, not too
+shallow; close by a Hollow Bank is their common Sanctuary.
+
+_Gudgeon_ covets Sandy, Gravelly, Gentle Streams, and smaller Rivers;
+not so much abounding in Brooks. He bites best in Spring, till they
+spawn, and a little after till _Wasp_ time.
+
+The _Salmon_ delights in large swift Rivers, which ebb and flow; and are
+there plentifully to be found: As likewise Rocky and Weedy Rivers. But
+in the latter end of the Year he is to be found high up in the Country,
+in swift and violent Cataracts, coming thither to spawn.
+
+The _Trout_ loves small swift purling Brooks or Rivers, that run upon
+Stones or Gravel, and in the swiftest deepest part of them, getteth
+behind some Stone-Block and there feeds. He delights in a Point of a
+River where the Water comes Whirling like the Eddy, to catch what the
+Stream brings down, especially if he has the Shade of a Tree: He hugely
+delights to lurk under some hollow Bank or Stone; seldom among Weeds.
+
+_Shad_, _Thwait_, _Plaice_, _Peel_, _Mullet_, _Suant_ and _Flownder_,
+covet chiefly to be in or near the Salt or Brackish Waters, which ebb
+and flow: The last, _viz._ the _Flownder_, have been taken in fresh
+Rivers, as coveting Sand and Gravel, deep gentle streams, near Banks,
+_&c._
+
+Lastly the _Umber_ affects Marly Clay Ground, clear and swift Streams,
+far from the Sea; the greatest Plenty of these Fish is found in
+_Derbyshire_ and _Staffordshire_.
+
+Thus much for the _Haunts_ of Fish; I come next to know _When_ is the
+most _seasonable time_ to catch them; which before I speak to, let him
+that would become a compleat Angler, take this Rule. That he observe
+narrowly what Pond or River soever he fisheth in, whether it be slimy,
+muddy, stoney or gravelly; whether of a swift or slow Motion; As
+likewise that he know the Nature of each Fish, and what Baits are most
+proper for every kind: Not to let his Knowledg be circumscribed to one
+or two particular Rivers, whither he is invited to Angle and take his
+Observations by the Vicinity of his House; but to let his Knowledge be
+_general_, and consequently his Sport will be so too. His Ignorance
+otherwise will oblige him to be a Spectator in another River, when his
+Excellency is confined to that only experienced one in or near his own
+Parish or House. But to proceed,
+
+II. To understand the best _Time when_ to Angle in, We must first
+consider Affirmatively, when most _Seasonable_: Or, 2. Negatively, when
+_Unseasonable_.
+
+1. _Seasonable_ Angling is, When the Weather is calme, serene and clear;
+tho the Cool cloudy Weather in Summer is to be preferred, provided the
+Wind blow not too boistrously, to hinder your easy Guiding your Tools;
+In the hottest Months the cooler the better.
+
+2. When a Violent shower hath disturbed the Water and mudded it, then
+with a _Red Worm_, Angle in the Stream at the ground.
+
+3. A little before Fish spawn, when they repair to Gravely Fords to rub
+and loosen their full Bellies; they bite freely.
+
+4. From Sun-rising till eight of the Clock in the Morning, and from four
+in the Afternoon till night for _Carp_ and _Tench_. In _June_ and
+_July_, _Carps_ shew themselves on the very rim of the Water, then Fish
+with a _Lob-Worm_, as you would with a Natural Flye. But be sure to keep
+out of sight.
+
+5. In _March_, _April_, and _September_, and all _VVinter_, when the Air
+is clear, serene and warm. And after a showre of Rain, which hath only
+beaten the _Gnats_, and _Flies_ into the _River_, without muddying. The
+two first mentioned Months with _May_, and part of _June_, are most
+proper for the _Fly_; _Nine_ in the Morning, and _Three_ a Clock in the
+Afternoon, is the best time; as likewise, when the _Gnats_ play much in
+a warm Evening.
+
+6. In a _Cloudy_, and _VVindy_ day, after a _Moon-shine_ clear Night,
+for the brightness of the Night (through fear) making them abstain from
+feeding, and the Gloominess of the Day emboldening and rendering them
+(through Hunger) sharp, and eager upon food, they bite then freely.
+
+7. _Lastly_, At the opening of _Mill-dams_ or _Sluces_, you will find
+_Trouts_, &c. come forth seeking food, brought down by the Water. We
+come next to demonstrate the time not proper, _i. e._
+
+2. _Unseasonable_ Angling in short is, When the Earth is parched, and
+scorched with Vehement _Heat_, and _Drought_; benummed and frozen with
+_Cold_, _Frost_, and _Snow_; or refrigerated with Spring _Hoar-Frosts_;
+or blasted with the sharp, bitter, nipping, _North_, or _East_ Winds: Or
+when blustring _Boreas_ disorders your well guiding your Tackling; or
+the _Sheep-Shearers Washings_ glutted the _Fish_, and anticipated your
+_Bait_; when the withdrawing of your sport, foretells a Storm, and
+advises you to some shelter; or Lastly, when the night proves Dark, and
+Cloudy, you need not trouble your self the next day, ’tis to no purpose,
+_&c._
+
+Thus much shall suffice for the two first Parts I proposed to treat of,
+_viz._ What we seek after in this Recreation, and Where, and When to
+find it; I come next to speak of the several _Implements_, and
+_Tackling_ we ought to be provided with, for the prosecuting the same;
+and then to our Sport.
+
+III. For providing _Stocks_, the best time is the Winter _Solstice_,
+when the Sap is in the Roots of Trees, and their Leaves gone. It is
+improper after _January_, the Sap then ascending into the Trunk, and
+expanding it self over all the Branches. See that your Stocks be
+_Taper-grown_, and your Tops of the best _Ground-Hazle_, that can be
+had, smooth, slender, and straight, of an Ell-long, pliant, and bending;
+and yet of a strength, that a reasonable jerk cannot break it, but it
+will return to its first straightness; lest otherwise you endanger your
+Line. Keep them two full years, before you use them; having preserved
+them from Worm-eating, or Rotting, by thrice a year rubbing and chaffing
+them well with Butter (if sweet) or Linsed or Sallet-Oyl; and if Bored,
+Oyl poured into the Holes, and bathed four and twenty houres in it, and
+then thrown out again, will exceedingly preserve them.
+
+But why should I further trouble my self with prescribing any Rules for
+the ordering the Angle-Rod, since every Cane-shop in _London_ will
+furnish us at an easy rate, with Rods of Cane, that shall suit with the
+sport we designe; the usual Objection of their _Colour_ and Stiffness
+being taken away, the first by covering it with Parchment or thin
+Leather, dyed as you please; and the other by the length and strength of
+the Top, being as before.
+
+The next thing we come to prepare is the _Line_, which though easy, yet
+admits of some Rule; wherefore to make it neat, handsome and strong,
+twist the Hair you make it of _even_, having seen if the Hair be of an
+equal bigness; then steep your Line in Water, to see if the Hairs
+shrink, if so, you must twist them over again. The _Colour_ of the Hair
+is best of _Sorrel_, _White_ and _Grey_; Sorrel for muddy boggy Rivers,
+and the two last for clear Waters. Nor is the _Pale watry green_
+contemptible, dyed thus: Take a pint of strong _Ale_, half a pound of
+_Soot_, a little of the Juice of _Walnut-Leaves_ and _Allum_; Boyle
+these together in a Pipkin half an hour, take it off, and when ’tis
+cold, put in your Hair. In making your Line of Hair mix not Silk; but
+either all Hair, or all Silk; as likewise distinguish the Line for the
+Ground Angle, and that for the Fly-Rod, the last must be stronger than
+the first; in that for the Artificial Fly, making the uppermost Link
+twenty Hairs long, less in the next, and so less till you come to the
+Fly. Lastly at each end of your Line make a Loop (called a _Bow_) the
+one _Larger_, to fasten to, and take it from the top of your Rod, and
+the other _Lesser_ to hang your Hook-line on.
+
+Your _Hook_ comes next, and requires your Care, That it be Long in the
+shank, something Round in compass, the point straight and even, and
+bending in the shank. Set on your Hook with strong small Silk, laying
+your Hair on the inside of the Hook.
+
+Your _Flote_ challenges divers wayes of making. Some using _Muscovy_
+Duck-quills for still Waters. Others the best sound Cork without flaws
+or holes, bored through with a hot Iron, and a Quill of a fit proportion
+put into it; then pared into a pyramidal Form, or in the fashion of a
+small Peare, to what bigness you please, and ground smooth with a
+Grindstone or Pumice; this is best for strong Streams.
+
+In fine, _To plum the Ground_, get a _Carbine_ Bullet bored through, and
+in a strong twist hanged on your _Hook_ or Rod. To sharpen your _Hook_,
+carry a little _Whetstone_. To carry your several Utensils without
+incommoding your Tackle, have several _Partitions_ of Parchment. And in
+short the Ingenious Angler will not be unprovided of his _Bob_ and
+_Palmer_; his _Boxes_ of all sizes for his _Hooks_, _Corks_, _Silk_,
+_Thread_, _Flies_, _Lead_, &c. His _Linnen_ and _Woollen Bait-Bags_; His
+splinted _Osier light Pannier_; And lastly his _Landing Hook_, with a
+Screw at the end to screw it into the socket of a Pole, & stricken into
+the Fish, to draw it to Land: To which socket, a Hook to cut up the
+Weeds, and another to pull out Wood, may be fastned.
+
+But all those Implements I have described, serve to no purpose, if we do
+not observe to have the _Agents_ and Effecters of our Pastime in store,
+I mean proper _Baits_ and Inticements to take your Fish. Which branch
+themselves into three Kinds.
+
+First, The _Life-baits_, which are all kind of _Worms_, _Redworm_,
+_Maggot_, _Dors_, _Froggs_, _Bobb_, _Brown-Flies_, _Grashoppers_,
+_Hornets_, _Wasps_, _Bees_, _Snails_, small _Roaches_, _Bleak_,
+_Gudgeon_, or _Loaches_.
+
+Secondly, _Artificial living Baits_, of _Flyes_ of all sorts and shapes,
+made about your Hooks with Silk and Feathers, at all times seasonable,
+especially in blustering Weather.
+
+Lastly, _Dead Baits_, Pasts of all maings, Wasps dryed or undryed,
+clotted _Sheeps-blood_, _Cheese_, _Bramble-berries_, _Corn_, _Seeds_,
+_Cherries_, &c. The two first good in _May_, _June_ and _July_, the two
+next in _April_; and the last in the _Fall_ of the Leaf.
+
+
+_Of Flies._
+
+Of _Natural_ Flies there are innumerable, and therefore it cannot be
+expected I can particularize all; but some of their Names I shall
+nominate, _viz._ The _Dun-Fly_, _Red-Fly_, _May-Fly_, _Tawny-Fly_,
+_Moor-Fly_, _Shell-Fly_, _Flag-Fly_, _Vine-Fly_, _Cloudy_ or
+_Blackish-Fly_, _Canker-Flies_, _Bear-Flies_, _Caterpillars_, and
+thousands more, differing according to the Soiles, Rivers or Plants.
+
+_Artificial Flies_, are made by the ingenious Angler, according to Art,
+in shape, colour and proportion like the Natural Fly, of _Fur_, _Wool_,
+_Silk_, _Feathers_, &c. To delineate which I must confess my self not so
+accurate and skilful a Painter, nor can any Pen-drawing illustrate their
+Various Colours so, as to direct their Artificial Counterfeit; Nature
+will help him in this by Observation, curiously Flourishing their
+several Orient and bright Colours, after which they take their names,
+as before said: And therefore to furnish your self with both Natural and
+Artificial _Flyes_, repair in the morning to the River, and with a Rod
+beat the Bushes that hang over the Water, and take your Choice; This is
+a Rule whereby you may know by their Number what _Fly_ the Fish affect
+most, and accordingly to use it; taking with you these following
+Directions.
+
+1. Observe to Angle with the Artificial _Fly_ in Rivers disturbed
+somewhat by Rain, or in a Cloudy day, the Wind blowing gently: If the
+Wind be not so high, but you may well guide your Tackle, in plain Deeps
+is to be found the best Fish, and best Sport: If small Wind breeze, in
+swift streams is best Angling: Be sure to keep your _Fly_ in perpetual
+slow motion; and observe that the Weather suit the Colour of your _Fly_,
+as the light Colour’d in a Clear day, the Darkish in a dark, _&c._ As
+likewise according to the Waters Complexions, have your Fly suitable.
+
+2. Let your Line be twice as long as your Rod: Keep as far as you can
+from the Waterside, the Sun on your back; In casting your Fly, let that
+fall first; your Line not touching the Water.
+
+3. Have a nimble Eye, and active quick Hand to strike presently upon the
+rising of the Fish, lest finding his mistake he spew out the Hook.
+
+4. In slow Rivers cast your Fly cross them, let it sink a little, draw
+it back gently, without breaking or circling the Water; let the Fly
+float with the Current, and you will not fail of excellent Sport.
+
+5. Observe to let the Wings of your _Salmon-Flys_ to be one behind
+another, whether two or four, and they and the Tail long, and of the
+finest gaudiest Colours you can choose.
+
+_Lastly_, In clear Rivers a small _Fly_ with slender Wings is best, and
+in muddied Rivers a Fly of a more than Ordinary large Body.
+
+
+Thus much for Flies, I come next to that I called _Dead-Baits_, and
+shall begin with the several Wayes of making Pastes.
+
+
+_Of Pastes._
+
+1. Beat in a Mortar the Leg of a young _Coney_ (Vulgarly called the
+_Almond_) or of a Whelp or Catling, and a quantity of Virgins Wax and
+_Sheeps_ suet, till they are incorporated, and temper them with
+clarified _Honey_ into Paste.
+
+2. _Sheeps_ Blood, _Cheese_, fine _Manchet_ and clarified _Honey_
+tempered as before.
+
+3. _Sheeps_-Kidney-Suet, _Cheese_, fine Flower, with clarified _Honey_
+tempered.
+
+4. _Cherries_, _Sheeps_ Blood, _Saffron_ and fine _Manchet_ made into a
+Paste.
+
+5. Beat into a Paste; the fattest Old _Cheese_, the strongest _Rennet_
+can be got, fine _Wheat-flower_ and _Annis-seed_ Water: If for a _Chub_
+you make the Paste, put a little rafty _Bacon_.
+
+Lastly, _Mutton_-Kidney Suet, and _Turmerick_ reduced to a fine Powder,
+the fattest old _Cheese_ and strongest _Rennet_, wrought to a Paste,
+adding _Turmerick_, till the Paste be of a curious Yellow; and is
+excellent and approved for _Chevin_.
+
+All which Pastes when you use them, that you may have the desired
+Effects of your Pains infallibly follow, anoint your Bait with this
+Confection: Take the Oyl of _Aspray_, _Coculus India_, and _Assa Fœtida_
+beaten, and mix with it as much Life-_Honey_; then dissolve them in the
+Oyle of _Polypody_, and keep it in a close Glass for your use. And that
+your Paste may not wash off your Hook, beat Cotten-Wool or Flax into it.
+
+
+_Of keeping Baits._
+
+For the keeping and preserving all quick Baits, you must keep them
+separately as they are several, not altogether; and feed them with that
+they most delight in; as for instance, in short:
+
+The _Red-Worm_, must be kept in a bag of Red Cloth, with a handful of
+chopt _Fennel_, mixt with half so much fresh, black and fertile Mould,
+will scoure and preserve them: All other Worms, with the Leaves of Trees
+they are bred on, renewing them often in a day. Only the _Cad-bait_,
+_Bob_ and _Canker_, &c. must be kept in the same things you find them.
+
+The great _White Maggots_, keep them in Sheeps-Tallow, or little bits of
+a beasts Liver; and to scoure them, hang them warm in a bag of
+Blanketing with Sand.
+
+The _Frogs and Grasshoppers_, in wet Moss and long Grass, frequently
+moistned; and when used, the Legs of the first, and the Wings of the
+other must be cut close off.
+
+The _Flies_ use them as you take them. Only the _Wasps_, _Hornets_ and
+_Humble-Bee_, must be dryed in an Oven, their heads dipt in Sheeps
+blood, and dryed again, may be kept in a Box for use.
+
+Thus much shall suffice for the Anglers Tools and Baits, I shall now
+lead him to his Sport, having first Clad himself with all inward and
+outward Ornaments.
+
+_Inward_, In having his Mind cloathed with these Qualifications, _viz._
+
+1. _Learning_, throughly to understand his Art, and skilfully argue and
+dispute its Excellency, _&c._
+
+2. _Faith_, to enjoy the Benefit of his Expectation.
+
+3. _Love_, to his Pleasure, not thinking it irksom and tedious, to his
+Neighbour, in not offending him.
+
+4. _Patience_, In not excruciating himself for Accidents of Losses,
+_&c._
+
+5. _Humility_, in wetting himself, lying down, kneeling, _&c._ as
+Occasion requires.
+
+6. _Liberality_, in dispencing to others the Fruits of his Labour.
+
+_Outward_, In cloathing his body with plain and comely Apparel, of sad
+dark Colours, as sad grayes, tawny, purple, hair or Musk Colour. Warm
+and well lined, to prevent the Evils which the Coldness of the Air,
+or Moistness of the Water may produce.
+
+And now thus equipt let us walk to the Rivers side, there give me leave
+to direct you in the _Measures_ you must take and observe, for the
+obtaining the End of what all our forementioned Preparations aime at;
+I mean the Catching those sundry kinds of Fish I enumerated at the
+begining of this Discourse; and observing that first method, I shall
+Alphabetically describe, what Baits are most Proper for taking them, and
+How to use them.
+
+To begin then with the _Barbel_. The best time for Angling for this Fish
+is at the latter end of _May_, _June_, _July_, and beginning of
+_August_, in his Haunts aforementioned; and the best Bait (omiting
+others) is the well-scoured _Lob-Worm_ (being of a curious cleanly
+Palate as well as shape) or Cheese steept an hour or two in clarified
+Honey. He is a subtile Fish, extraordinary strong, and dogged to be
+dealt with, and therefore be sure to have your Rod and Line strong and
+long, or you may endanger to break it.
+
+The _Breame_ is next in order; The most seasonable time to Angle for him
+is from St. _James_ tide till _Bartholomew_ tide. He spawneth in _June_
+or begining of _July_; is easily taken, as falling on his side after one
+or two gentle turnes, and so drawn easily to Land. The best Bait for him
+is that (most delightful to him) _Red-Worme_ (found in Commons &
+_Chalky_ Grounds after Rain) at the root of a great _Dock_, wrapt up in
+a round Clue. He loves also Paste, Flag-Wormes, Wasps, Green-Flies,
+Butter-Flies, and a Grass-hopper, without Leggs.
+
+Bait your Ground the night before with gross-ground Malt, boiled and
+strained, and then in the morning with the Red-Worm, bait your Hook, and
+plumbing your Ground within half an Inch, Fish.
+
+The _Bleak_, an eager Fish, is caught with all sorts of Worms bred on
+Trees or Herbs, also with _Flies_, _Cad-bait_, _Bobs_, _Paste_,
+_Sheeps-Blood_, _White Snails_, _Wasps_, _Gnats_, &c. In a warm clear
+day the small Flye at the rim of the Water is best; In a Cloudy day,
+_Gentles_ or _Cadis_ two foot under the Water.
+
+The _Bull-head_ or _Millers-thumb_, being Childrens Recreation, I shall
+speak little of, only being serviceable for Baits, I shall only say he
+is easily taken with a small Worm, being lazie and simple, and will
+swallow any thing; and the _Minnow_, _Loach_, and _Bansticle_ being of
+the same diet, I place here too.
+
+The _Chevin_, loveth all sorts of _Worms_, _Flies_, _Cheese_, _Grain_,
+and _Black Worms_, their Bellies being slit, that the White may be seen:
+And very much delighteth in the _Pith_ of an _Oxes back_, the tough
+outward skin being carefully taken off, without breaking the inward
+tender skin. In the Morning early angle for _Chevin_, with a _Snail_;
+in the heat of the day, with some other Bait; in the afternoon with the
+_Fly_; the great _Moth_, with a great Head, yellow Body, and whiteish
+Wings, usually found in _Gardens_, about the Evening: The larger the
+_Chevin_, the sooner taken; loving his Bait large, and variety on a
+Hook.
+
+The _Char_ is a _Lancashire Fish_, found in a _Mere_, called
+_Winander-Mere_ in that _County_, the largest in _England_; and being to
+be found no where else, I shall not lead my _London_ Angler thither to
+teach him to take it.
+
+The _Chub_, called by some a _Cheven_, by others a _Villain_, is a
+_Fish_ of no rare Meat; however, is good for a young Angler, and is thus
+to be taken: Bait your hook with a _Grass-hopper_, find the Hole where
+he lies, accompanied in a hot day, with twenty or more, floating almost
+on the very superficies of the Water; choose which you think best, and
+fairest, and drop your Hook some two foot before him, and he will bite
+at it greedily, and cannot break hold with his _Leather Mouth_; let him
+play and tire, lest you break your Line. If you cannot get a
+_Grass-hopper_, then any _Worm_, or _Fly_ you will. In cold Weather,
+fish for him near the Bottom, and the _Humble-Bee_ is the best Bait.
+Some appropriate Baits according to the Month, but I shall Omit that;
+The _Chub_ (being best and in his Prime in the Winter, and then
+excellent meat Baked) a Paste made of _Cheese_, and _Turpentine_, is the
+only Bait to take him.
+
+The _Carp_ is subtle, and full of Policy, will never bite in Cold
+Weather, but in Hot you cannot be too Early, or too Late. In _March_, he
+seldome refuseth the _Red-Worme_, in _June_ the _Cadice_, and the three
+next _Months_ the _Grass-hopper_: Pastes that are sweet, of which I have
+spoken before, are very delightfull to _Carps_: And especially; if you
+Bait your ground two or three dayes before you angle, with _Pellets_ of
+course Paste, _Chickens-guts_, _Garbage_, &c. _Gentles_ anointed, and a
+Piece of _Scarlet_ dipt in _Honey_, put them on the Hook, is an approved
+way.
+
+The _Dace_, _Dare_, _Rudd_, and _Roach_, being much of a kind, and
+feeding, I shall put together, and are easily taken with small _Worms_,
+_Bobs_, _Cadbaits_, _Flies_, _sheeps-Blood_, all sorts of _Worms_, bred
+on _Trees_ or _Herbs_, _Paste_, _Wasps_, _Gnats_, _Lipberries_, &c. The
+Heads of the _Wasps_, being dipt in Blood, is good for _Dace_, and
+_Dare_; as is likewise the _Ant-flie_.
+
+The _Eel_, takes great _Red-worms_, _Beef_, _Wasps_, _Guts_ of _Fowl_,
+or _Fish_, _Menow_, small _Roaches_ are good Bait for Night Hooks; the
+Hooks being in the Mouth of the _Fish_. Now because this is very
+delightfull to most, I shall prescribe three wayes of taking them, as
+are most full of Pleasure. The first way is called, _Sniggling_, or
+_Broggling_ for _Eels_, thus: Take a strong Line and Hook, baited with a
+_Lob_, or _Garden-Worm_, and observing where _Eels_ lurk in the day
+time, with a stick forked at the Top, gently put your Bait into the
+Hole, and if there be any _Eels_ there, you will not fail of a Bite, of
+as large _Eels_ as can be had, but pull not too hard lest you spoyl all.
+The second is called _Bobbing_, which is thus done: Take some large well
+scowred _Lobs_, and with a Needle, run some strong twisted _Silk_
+through them, from end to end, so many as are enough to wrap about a
+Board near a dozen times; tye them fast with the two ends of the _Silk_
+to hang in so many Hanks; then fasten all to a strong Cord, and a
+handfull above the _Worms_ fasten a _Plumb_ of three quarters of a
+pound, and your Cord to a strong _Pole_, and in muddy Waters, you may
+_Fish_, and find the _Eels_ tug lustily, and when you think they have
+swallowed them, draw up your Line, and a-shore with them. _Lastly_, the
+_Eel-Spear_ made with four Teeth, jagged on both sides, stricken into
+the Mud, on the bottom of a River, and if you chance to strike where
+they lye, you infallibly take.
+
+There is likewise an assured way of taking _Eels_, approved to excel any
+other, thus done: Take some Bottles of _Hay_, mixt with green _Osiers_,
+or _Willows_, Bait them with _Sheeps Guts_, or other _Beasts Garbage_,
+sink them down in the middle, to the bottom of your _Pond_, or by the
+_Bank-sides_, having fastned a Cord to the Bottles, that you may twitch
+them up at your pleasure, and all the best _Eels_ will resort to them,
+and you may take abundance.
+
+The _Flounder_, _Shad_, _Thwait_, _Suant_, and _Mullet_, are taken with
+_Red-Worms_ of all sorts, _Wasps_, and _Gentles_.
+
+The _Grayling_ is next; In _Angling_ for which, you must head your Hook
+upon the shank, with a very slender and narrow plate of _Lead_, that the
+Bait (a large _Grass-hopper_) may the more easily come over it; and at
+the point put a _Cadbait_, and keep the Bait in continual motion; not
+forgetting to pull off the _Grass-hoppers_ Wings.
+
+The _Gudgeon_, takes the smallest _Red-Worm_, _Wasps_, _Gentles_, and
+_Cadbaits_. When you _Fish_ for him, stir up the _Sand_ or _Gravel_ with
+a _Pole_, which will make them gather thither, and bite more eagerly.
+
+The _Guiniad_, I shall remit speaking to, only mentioning it in course,
+being no where found, but in a place called, _Pemble-Mere_, in which
+place they abound, as the River _Dee_ does with _Salmon_.
+
+The _Pope_, or _Ruff_, is excellent for a young _Angler_, bites
+greedily, and quantities may be taken, by Baiting the Ground with
+_Earth_, and your Hook with small Red _Worms_.
+
+The _Pike_, loveth all sorts of Baits (unless the _Fly_) _Gudgeon_,
+_Dace_, _Roaches_ and _Loaches_; and young _Frogs_ in _Summer_ time,
+of which the yellowest is best.
+
+The _Pearch_, taketh all sorts of _Earth-worms_, especially the
+_Lob-worm_, and _Brandling_, well scowred, _Bobs_, _Oak-worms_, _Dors_,
+_Gentles_, _Cole-wort-worms_, _Wasps_, _Cadbaits_, and _Menow_, or a
+little _Frog_, the Hook being fastned through the skin of his Leg,
+towards the upper part of it. Be sure you give the _Pearch_ time enough
+to pouch his Bait, before you strike.
+
+The _Salmon_, is taken best with _Lob-worms_, scented with the Oyl of
+_Ivy-berries_, or the Oyl of _Polypody_ of the _Oak_ mixt with
+_Turpentine_: Or the well-scowred _Garden-worm_, is an excellent Bait:
+The _Salmon_ bites best in _May_, _June_, and _July_, at three a _Clock_
+in the Afternoon, if the Water be clear, a little Wind stirring,
+especially near the _Sea_.
+
+The _Tench_, is a great lover of large Red _Worms_, first dipt in _Tar_.
+As also all sorts of Paste, made up with strong scented _Oyls_, or
+_Tar_, or a Paste made up of Brown _Bread_, and _Honey_. He will bite
+too at a _Cad-worm_, _Lob-worm_, _Flag-worm_, green _Gentle_, _Cadbait_,
+_Marsh-worm_, or soft boil’d _Bread-grain_.
+
+The _Torcoth_, being before mentioned, I only let you know, that he is
+only found, in the Pool _Linperis_ in _Carnarvan-shire_; and leave you
+to the _Welch-mens_ description, both of him and his _Bait_.
+
+The _Trout_, is fattest, and in his prime in _May_, and is caught with
+all sorts of _Worms_, especially _Brandlings_, commonly found in an Old
+_Dung-hill_, _Cow-dung_, _Hors-dung_, or _Tanners-bark_: Also with
+_Flies_, Natural and Artificial, with young _Frogs_, _Menow_, _Marsh_,
+_Dock_ or _Flag-worms_; all sorts of _Cad-bait_, _Dors_, _Bobs_,
+_Palmers_, _Gentles_, _Wasps_, _Hornets_, &c. and with the
+_Catterpiller_, used according to the Rule before prescribed for the
+_Grayling_.
+
+_Lastly_, The _Umber_, endeth our _Alphabet_, and _Discourse_ of
+_Fishing_ too, and gives me occasion to add no more, but that he is
+taken as the _Trout_, just now mentioned; And therefore now to your
+Sport: To assist your well effecting which, I have but this to add; Cast
+into your Haunts where you use to _Fish_, once in four or five dayes,
+soft boyled _Corn_ (or oftner for _Carp_, and _Tench_) Also _Garbage_,
+_Beasts Livers_, chopt _Worms_, _Grains_ steept in _Blood_, to attract
+them to the place; and to keep them together, throw in half a handfull
+of _Grains_ of ground _Malt_: But in a stream, cast it above your Hook,
+that floating towards you may draw the Fish thither.
+
+Before I conclude, I was afraid this discourse would have been
+imperfect, had not something been spoken of _Fish-ponds_, their
+Ordering, and Improving, that the private Gentleman may not be destitute
+of some appropriated place to himself, wherein he may Recreate himself
+in this excellent Pastime; great _Rivers_ belonging either to the King,
+or to Lords of Mannours, whose Authorities and Jurisdictions must be
+kept inviolate, and excludes our Intrusion there.
+
+
+_Of Fish-ponds._
+
+When you have a desire to dig a _Fish-pond_, coveting the several
+Advantages that do thence accrue to you, you must first of all consult,
+what _Grounds_ are most fit and proper to be cast into a Pond, _viz_,
+Those which are _Marrishy_; or _Boggy_; or full of _Springs_, unfit for
+_Grazing_, or to be put to any profitable use besides. Of these the
+last, full of _springs_, will yield the best Water; that which is
+_Marshy_ will feed Fish; and that which is _Boggy_ is best for a Defence
+against Thieves.
+
+Thus being furnished with a piece of Wast Ground, I now mentioned, let
+us now to work; And first draw by small Trenches all the Springs or
+moist Veines into one place, and so drain the rest of the Ground; then
+mark out the Head of your Pond, and make it the highest part of the
+ground in the Eye, tho it be the lowest in the true Level: Cut the
+Trench of your _Floodgate_ so, that when the VVater is let out, it may
+have a swift Fall: On each side of which Trench drive in great Stakes of
+_Oak_, _Ash_ or (which is best) _Elme_, six foot long, and six Inches
+square; place these in Rowes four foot distance one from another, as
+broad and wide from the _Floodgate_ as you intend the Head of your Pond
+shall go: Now give us the Spade _Tom_, and fetch us the Pick-ax _Jack_,
+and to digging of our Pond; Dig it as big and large a Compass as the
+Ground will permit, throw your Earth amongst the said stakes, and ram it
+between them, hard and firm, till you have covered the stakes: Drive in
+as many new ones more besides the heads of the first stakes, and ram
+more Earth above them too: Do thus with stakes above stakes till the
+head-sides be of a convenient Height: Taking care, that the inside of
+your Banks be smooth, even, hard and strong, that you may not fear the
+wearing of the Earth off the stakes by any Current of the Water.
+
+Having thus digged about _eight foot deep_, that so it may carry about
+_six foot_ VVater, pave all the _bottom_ and the Banks of the Pond with
+large Sods of _Flot-Grass_, laying them very close together, pin them
+down fast with small stakes and windings: This Grass is a great Feeder
+of Fish, and grows naturally under VVater. Stake down to the bottom of
+one side of the Pond divers Bavens and Brush-VVood-Faggots, into which
+the Fish may cast their spawn, and preserve it: In another place lay
+Sods upon Sods, the grass sides together to nourish and breed _Eels_.
+
+The Pond being thus made, let in the Water, and now observe to store it
+thus: Put your _Carp_, _Breame_ and _Tench_ by themselves: _Pike_,
+_Pearch_, _Eel_ and _Tench_ (the Fishes Physician) by themselves; & for
+Food of the greater Fishes, as well as Meat for your greater Dishes, put
+good store of _Roach_, _Dace_, _Loach_ and _Menow_; and Lastly to every
+one _Melter_ put three _Spawners_, and in three Years the Increase will
+be great; and in five Years with difficulty destroyed.
+
+At the end of three Years _Sue your Pond_; which you must ever continue
+so to do, for that the _Roach_, &c. will increase in such abundance,
+that eating up the sweetest food, will make your other Fish, as _Carps_,
+&c. be lean and hunger-starved: And therefore every Year view your Pond,
+and observe if any such Fry appears; and use your Discretion.
+
+And because the _Carp_ is a Fish of a general Acceptation, and is of a
+_bon goust_ almost in every mans palate; and being by the aforesaid
+little Devourers and Multiplyers, very often Deceived in your
+expectation of a fat _Carp_, large and sweet; I shall insert here an
+excellent VVay of making _Carps_ grow to an extraordinary Bigness in a
+Pond.
+
+
+_To make _Carps_ grow large, &c._
+
+About the Month of _April_, when you perceive your Pond grow low in
+VVater, rake all the sides where the VVater is fallen away with an Iron
+Rake, and sow _Hay-seeds_ there, and rake it well; and at the Latter end
+of Summer you shall have good store of Grass: The _Winter_ being come
+the VVater will encrease and over-top all the Grass, and there being
+VVater enough to carry them, the _Carps_ will resort to the seeds, and
+feed briskly and grow as fat as _Hoggs_: Thus do every _Summer_, till
+you sue your pond, and no River _Carp_ can surpass them.
+
+Thus much of _Fishing_ and _Fish-Ponds_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Shooting.
+
+
+The Use of the Bow is of so great Antiquity, and of so important a
+Consequence for a _defensive_ and _offensive Armes_, that I could not
+but a little consider, how needful the true knowledge of its Use was
+esteemed of Old, and how _little it is accounted_ now. It is uncertain,
+as well as (almost) unknown, who was the First Inventor of the Bow; but
+if we examine the _Probability_ there may be of its being derived from
+the Tyranical Government of _Nimrod_, that so _Mighty Hunter before the
+Lord_, we may _Conjecture_ him to be the first Inventor of the Bow: For
+as he is called the _First Founder_ of a _Monarchick Government_, by
+reducing and subduing a disordered People under the Government of
+himself; so was he likewise esteemed a _Mighty Hunter_ in another
+respect, for that he _Subdued likewise the Beasts of the Field_; as is
+observed of him and his Character, by sundry Commentators on him and his
+Family. So that in the whole we may suppose him to be the Inventor, or
+first Finder out of the Bow, as a Weapon of an infallible Execution and
+mortal Efficacy on that account. Nor can I find any mention made of the
+_Bow_ thro the whole Hystory of _Genesis_ from _Nimrod_ to _Esau_, they
+both being characterized with those Epithets of _Mighty and Cunning
+Hunters_, _Men of the Field_; who very well understood the Use of the
+Bow, as well for their _Profit_ as _Pleasure_; the last of which is
+particularly hinted in the commands of _Isaac_ to _Esau_, that with his
+_Quiver_ and his _Bow_, he should Hunt and take that only _Seasonable_
+Dish, which might procure and entaile a _Blessing_ on him and his
+Posterity. Nay, that Holy Patriarch _Jacob_ himself, in his last Will
+and Testament to his Illustrious Family, bequeaths a _singular Portion_
+to his beloved _Joseph_, which the _strength of his Bow_ had intitled
+him to. _Gen._ 48. 22.
+
+Nor are we to doubt in what Estimation it was held to the Reign of
+_David_ King of _Israel_, who thought it the most _Necessary
+Qualification_ of his Subjects, to be very well versed in the Use of the
+_Bow_. The _Bow_ which was the Famous _Signal_ between his beloved
+_Jonathan_ and himself, and made the private _Testimonial_ of the
+undeserv’d Fury of his Maliciously & Enviously incensed _Father Saul_:
+By reason of whose eminent Skill, in the expert use of it, he chants
+forth his _Mournful Elegy_, The _Bow of _Jonathan_ returned not empty,
+from the Blood of the slain_, &c. Nay further so useful (no doubt) he
+thought the Knowledge of the Bow was, and of so necessary a Consequence
+for a Defensive as well as Offensive Armes, that it is observable he
+issued out a particular Edict or Proclamation, commanding the _general
+Learning its use throughout_ Judah. And the Use of it continued and
+still does in the East, as the only Weapon they are skilled in.
+
+Dr. _Heylin_ in his Cosmographical Description of the World, tells us,
+That the _Czeremissi_, a People living in great Forrests, without
+Houses, feeding on Honey & the Flesh of Wild Beasts & Clothed with their
+Skins, under the Empire of the _Czar_ of _Russia_, are such excellent
+Archers, and so light of Foot, that they carry their Bows continually in
+their hands, and practise their Children so timely in it, that (after
+such an age) till they can hit a _White_ that is set before them, they
+give them nothing to eat.
+
+Further; it is recorded of the _Parthians_ (and indeed all the
+_Persians_ too) that their greatest Fame consisted in their skilful
+handling their _Bows_ and _Arrows_, & were deservedly reckon’d the best
+Archers in the World, having the Art of _Shooting backwards_, and making
+their _Retreat_ and _Flight_ more pernicious and terrible, than their
+_Charge_ and _Onset_. So that when _Marcus Crassus_ in his expedition
+against them, was told by an _Astrologer_, that having found an ill
+Aspect in _Scorpio_, he presaged his Enterprize would prove
+unsuccesseful, _Tush Man_ (quoth he) _I fear not Scorpio, but
+Sagittarius_.
+
+And to descend to our own Countrymen the English, the frequent Victories
+they obtained over the _French_ formerly, rendred them as famous and
+able Bow-men (next the _Parthians_) as were in the World.
+
+But since the Ingenious _Franciscan_ Fryer (_Bertholdus Swart_) appeared
+in _Germany_, his _Sulphureous_ Brain has quite (or almost) _blown_ up
+the Reputation of the Bow, and all other Ancient Devices and Engines of
+War, by his _Accidental Invention_ of that Fatal Instrument the _Gun_,
+which he first communicated to the _Venetians_, _Anno 1330_. Who gave by
+these (then so called) _Bombards_, a notable discomfiture to the
+_Genoys_; and was next made use of by the Inhabitants of the _Baltick
+Sea_; And at the Siege of _Callice_ _Anno 1347._ used by the _English_;
+who taught it the _Mounsieur Frenchman_, and he gratified him with the
+death of the Famous Leader, _Thomas Mountacute_ Earl of _Salisbury_,
+shot at the Siege of _Orleance_, _Anno. 1425_. After which _Spain_
+learnt it, and the _Jews_ and _Moors_ from thence taught the _Turk_; and
+from the first Invention of _large_ and _unweildy_, they were made fit
+for _Walls_ and _Hands_; and in fine _is a less expensive way of
+shedding blood than that of Archery is_.
+
+Thus you see how Ancient the Use of the _Bow_ is, and how lately its
+Disuse began (I mean in relation to the Common-Wealth, as a defensive,
+or offensive Weapon) and how great the Ancient Fame of our _English_ was
+in the knowledge of it: However the Glory of it is somewhat still
+preserved (though in a Pastime) by the Honourable City of _London_,
+whose _Lord Mayor_ annually appears to see a _Prize_ performed by
+_Shooting_ with a Pound _Arrow_: And therefore all I have to say more,
+is, That it is deservedly placed amongst my Recreations, having
+_Metamorphosed_ its Use, and become a Healthful Conserver, instead of
+Destroyer of mens Bodies. And is vulgarly distinguished into two sorts,
+the _Long-bow_, and the _Cross_ or _Crow-Bow_.
+
+I shall begin first with the _Long-bow_, whose Use is (now) thus to be
+understood. That it conduces much to the Health of our Body, disperses
+our stagnated Blood, extends our contracted Limbs, and renders the
+Members of our Bodies plyant, and flexible; and for the better obtaining
+these Effects, the following Rules are to be Observed.
+
+Before the _Archer_ goes to his Sport (to follow the Method of this
+Treatise) he must first provide himself with necessary _Accoutrements_,
+_viz_, The _Bow_ which claimes his first Care, must be the best (_as
+best is best Cheap_) of _Spanish_ or _English Yew_, (the _VVithen_, or
+_Elme_ being the worst:) Next his _Shaft_, which must be of _Birch_,
+_Sugar-Chest_, or _Brazeel_, with _Gray_, or _White Feathers_.
+
+Thus equipt, to the Field, and here we are to understand three sorts of
+_Marks_, _viz_, The _But_, which is a _Mark_ that is level, and requires
+a strong _Arrow_ with a broad Feather: The _Prick_, a _Mark_ of some
+compass, of a certain distance, requires an _Arrow_ that is strong, and
+nimble, with a middle Feather: The _Rover_, is an uncertain _Mark_, and
+Proportionable to the distance, suit your _Arrows_. But before you
+Shoot, hold a little, and hearken to your Charge.
+
+_First_, The _Archer_ must have a good _Eye_, to see and discern his
+_Mark_; attended with a _Knowing Judgment_, to Understand the distance
+of Ground, and in what compass his _Arrow_ must Fly, and to take the
+true Advantage of a Side-Wind; and a Dexterity to give his _Shaft_ a
+sharp strong and sudden Loose, and without hanging on the string, to
+draw his _Arrow_ close to the Head, and in an instant deliver it.
+
+_Secondly_, He must observe a _Decorum_ in his standing Posture, that
+his Body be fair, comely, and upright; his left Foot a convenient stride
+before his right, with both his Hams stiff, his left Arm holding his
+_Bow_ in the midst, stretch’d out streight; and with his three
+Fore-Fingers and Thumb of his right-hand, draw the string to his right
+Ear, the Notch of his _Arrow_ resting between his fore and long Fingers
+of his Right-Hand, and the _Steel_ of his _Arrow_ below the _Feathers_
+upon the middle _Knuckle_ of his fore-finger, on his Left-Hand, drawing
+it up close, as abovesaid.
+
+The _Cross-Bow_ (as I said in the Introduction to this _Treatise_) is of
+equal Benefit and Pleasure with the _Long-Bow_, when through an
+imbecillity in the _Arm_ or _Back_, that will not be a suitable
+Recreation: This _Bow_ must be made of the same Wood with the other, for
+_Gafel_ carried upon a string, and the other end being placed in a Rest,
+furnish your self with strong and heavy _Arrows_, suitable to your
+_Bows_ strength, and all the foregoing _Marks_, may afford you an equal
+Delight with the Former; but especially for Persons that have the
+unhappiness of looking asquint, it is an excellent Disposer of the
+sight, to a direct Line, and helps that _Watermans_ quality of _Looking
+one way, and Rowing another_. Thus much shall suffice for _Shooting_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Bowling,
+
+
+This is a Recreation of an Ancient Institution, the _Lydians_ being
+thought to have been the first Inventors of _Sphæromachia_, which
+signifies _Bowling_, as well as _Tennis-Playing_; besides these they
+instituted several other Games, as the _Dice_, _Tables_, _Cards_, &c.
+Necessity, and Hunger enforcing them to that Ingenuity, as _Persius_
+well observes, _Artis Magister, Ingenijque largitor Venter_: For that
+Country being Oppressed with a great Dearth and Famine, in the time of
+_Atis_, one of the Progenitors of _Omphale_, they Devised these Games,
+that every second day playing at them, they might beguile their Hungry
+Bellies, and drive away the Tediousness of the Famine. And indeed,
+according to its Original institution, of infinite use for the diverting
+Melancholly, for Exercise of the Body, by runing and stirring in this
+Game, for helping likewise sundry Bodily Infirmities, as the _Stone_,
+_Gravel_, _Reins_, &c. For which aforesaid ends several Pious, Learned
+and Sober Persons have sometimes made up the Company of a
+_Bowling-Green_ (tho I must confess rarely to be seen in those common
+_Bowling-Allies_ and _Bares_, which too usually are pestered with
+_Damming-Rooks_, _Cunning Betters_, _Crafty Matchers_, and base
+_Booty-Players_:) Herein we may see the World moralized, or
+emblematically described, where most are short, over, wide or
+wrong-Byassed, and few justle in to the Mistress _Fortune_: On one side
+we find _Heraclitus_ and his Followers fret, vex, rail, swear and cavil
+at every thing; on the other side _Democritus_, and his Company rejoice
+and laugh, as if they were created for that purpose. On one side you may
+see the _Mimick_ screwing and twisting his Body into several Postures,
+which he perswades himself adds either to the Swiftness or Slowness of
+his Bowl; On the other side the senseless _Orator_, with his perswasive
+Intreaties of _Rub, O Rub a little_; Or, _Flee, Flee_, and the like, to
+hasten or retard the Speed of his Bowl; when if the stupid Bowl lend a
+deaf Ear to his Perswasions, then he _belyes_ his Disobedience, by
+crying _Short, Short, O Short_, when tis gone ten yards over; and when
+tis bowled short of the _Jack_ six yards, he cryes, _Gone a Mile,
+a Mile, a Mile_, &c. But not to detain you any longer in characterizing
+this excellent sport: (_Excellent_ I mean if rightly used) I shall
+before I lead you into the _Green_ or _Bare_, instruct you in some
+Rules, how to choose your _Bowls_.
+
+The first and greatest Cunning to be observed in _Bowling_, is the right
+_chusing your Bowl_, which must be suitable to the Grounds you design to
+run on, thus: For _close Alleys_, your best Choice is the _Flat Bowl_:
+2. For _open Grounds_ of Advantage, the _Round-Byassed-Bowl_; 3. For
+_Green Swarths_, that are plain and level, the Bowl that is _Round as a
+Ball_.
+
+The next thing requires your Care is, _The chusing out your Ground_, and
+preventing the Windings, Hangings, and many turning _Advantages_ of the
+same, whether it be in open wide places, as _Bares_ and
+_Bowling-Greens_, or in close _Bowling-Alleys_.
+
+Lastly, Have your _Judgment_ about you to observe and distinguish the
+_Risings_, _Fallings_ and _Advantages_ of the Places where you Bowl:
+Have your _Wits_ about you to avoid being rookt of your Money: And have
+your Understanding about you, to know your best Time and Opportunity for
+this Recreation; and finally a studious Care of your Words and Passions,
+and then _Bowl_ away, and you may deserve, _Well have you Bowled
+indeed_.
+
+But methinks I cannot conclude here, without admiring how aptly a
+Bowling-Green is by the Divine _Quarles_ characterized, in the following
+Verses, thus.
+
+  _Brave pastime, _Readers_, to consume that Day,
+  Which without Pastime flies too swift away!
+  See how they Labour, as if Day and Night
+  Were both too short to serve their loose Delight?
+  See how their curved _Bodies_ wreath, and skrue
+  Such Antick shapes as _Proteus_ never knew:
+  One rapps an Oath, another deals a Curse,
+  He never better bowl’d, this never worse;
+  One rubs his itchless Elbow, shruggs and laughs,
+  The t’other bends his beetle-brows, and chafes;
+  Sometimes they whoop, sometimes the _Stygian_ Cryes,
+  Send their black _Santo’s_ to the blushing Skies:
+  Thus mingling Humours in a mad Confusion
+  They make bad Premisses and worse Conclusion._
+
+Thus much for _Bowling_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Tennis.
+
+
+This Recreation is of the same Date for its _Antiquity_ of Invention
+with _Bowling_, and for the _Violence_ of its Exercise to be preferred
+before it. This sport indeed is of so universal an Acceptance, that
+Majesty it self is pleased to design it its Recommendation, by tracking
+its laborious steps; and _Princes_ and _Lords_ admire it too for the
+most proper Recreation, to suit with _Innocence_, and _true Nobility_.
+Here the body is briskly exercised more than ordinary, and inured in
+_Agility_ and _Nimbleness_; this renders the Limbs flexible and
+mettlesom, and adapts them for the most Vigorous Enterprize: It makes
+the languid and slothful, _brisk_ and _sprightful_; and rejects
+_Effeminacy_ and _Delicacy_, as contemptible and unworthy so Royal and
+Noble a Recreation: And so General indeed is the Estimation this
+Exercise of _Tennis_ amongst most meets with, that it is reckoned one of
+the most absolute Qualifications of a well-bred Gentleman, throughly to
+understand this famous Game.
+
+But why should we wonder at the general Love Gentlemen have for this
+Recreation, since it must be acknowledged, it challengeth as deserving a
+place in the Catalogue of violent Exercises, as any that goes before it
+in this Treatise; indeed it may be well rankt among those great
+Excellencies of Exercise which rendered the _Lacedemonians_, Famous to
+all Posterity for instructing their young Gentlemen and Noblemen in: Nay
+for ought I know it is a _derivative Vertue_ which descended to the true
+_English_ Gentleman, from that so excellent Method of Education used
+amongst the Warlike Nation the _Gothes_: Who (as _Olaus Magnus_ informes
+us) amongst the greatest Severities, as _Beatings_ and _Wounds_, _Change
+of Heat into sudden Cold_, _lying_ (not on _Downe_ but) upon _Boards_,
+_coursely clad_, and _Feeding_ on _Ordinary_, but strong _Food_, used
+themselves to the most tedious, wearisome and Violent Exercises, as
+_Riding_, _Darting_, _Shooting_, &c. _Wearing heavy Armes_, _Swimming on
+Horse-Back and in Armour_; And had they been acquainted with this
+Exercise of _Tennis_, would not have omitted that neither: But I shall
+not enlarge any further on its _Encomium_, its being the Pastime of the
+most knowing and greatest men, shall stop any longer _Eulogies_ my Pen
+can make on its Worth and Excellence. All I have to say is, I am
+heartily sorry, there are no _Rules_ which fall within the Sphere of
+_Demonstration_, to be laid down for my Readers use, for the right
+prosecuting this Noble Game: Practice and Experience alone must be his
+Information and Direction, and not any Writing may be communicated to
+him: Only let me say this.
+
+_Tennis_ and _Baloon_ are Sports which are play’d almost with the same
+Instruments; and therefore may be under one and the same Head: The first
+is a pastime, used in close or open Courts, by striking a little _Round
+Ball_ to and fro, either with the _Palmes_ of the hands (and then is
+called _Pila palmaria_ in Latin) or else a _Racket_, made for the
+purpose, round with Net or Cat-gut, with a Handle: The other a strong
+and moving Sport in the Open Fields with a great Ball of a double
+Leather filled with Wind, and so driven to and fro with the strength of
+a Mans Arm, armed in a Brace of Wood: And thus much shall suffice to
+speak of the _Baloon_ and _Tennis_; only let me desire you, let not this
+or any other Pastime disturb your Minds; divert you from the diligent
+and careful Prosecution of your own lawful Business; or invite you to
+throw away your Time and Money too lavishly and idley; nor engage you in
+any Passion; that so you may not offend God, dislike your _Neighbour_,
+nor incomode your _Self_ and _Family_ in your Well-being and Felicity;
+and then you may recreate your self without Fear, and in this Recreation
+observe the ensuing Morality of
+
+
+The Tennis-Court.
+
+  _When as the Hand _at Tennis_ Playes,
+      And Men to Gaming fall,
+  _Love_ is the _Court_, _Hope_ is the _House_,
+      And _Favour_ serves the _Ball_._
+
+  _This _Ball_ it self is _due Desert_,
+      The _Line_ that measure showes
+  Is _Reason_, whereon _Judgment_ looks
+      Where Players win and lose._
+
+  _The _Tutties_ are _Deceitful Shifts_,
+      The _Stoppers_, _Jealousy_,
+  Which hath Sir _Argus_ hundred Eyes,
+      Wherewith to watch and pry._
+
+  _The _Fault_ whereon _Fifteen is lost_,
+      Is _Want of Wit and Sense_,
+  And he that brings the _Racket_ in
+      Is _Double Diligence_._
+
+  _But now the _Racket_ is _Free-Will_,
+      Which makes the _Ball_ rebound,
+  And noble _Beauty_ is the _Choice_,
+      And of each Game the _Ground_._
+
+  _Then _Racket_ strikes the _Ball_ away,
+      And there is _Over-sight_,
+  A _Bandy_ ho! the People cry,
+      And so the _Ball_ takes flight._
+
+  _Now at the length _Good-liking_ proves
+      _Content_ to be their _Gain_:
+  Thus in the _Tennis-Court_, _Love is
+      A Pleasure mixt with Pain_._
+
+
+
+
+Of Ringing.
+
+
+Since this Recreation of _Ringing_ is become so highly esteemed, for its
+excellent _Harmony of Musick_ it affords the _Ear_, for its
+_Mathematical Invention_ delighting the _Mind_, and for the _Violence of
+its Exercise_ bringing Health to the _Body_, causing it to transpire
+plentifully, and by Sweats dissipate and expel those Fuliginous thick
+_Vapours_, which _Idleness_, _Effeminacy_ and _Delicacy_ subject men to;
+I say for these and sundry other Reasons, I was induced to bring this of
+_Ringing_ into the Company of _Exercises_ in this Treatise, that I might
+as well recreate you with some health-conducing Pleasure at _home_, as I
+have carryed you _abroad_, and there endeavoured to please you in what
+Pastime your Inclinations may most peculiarly select.
+
+Whosoever would then become an accurate Master of this excellent Art and
+Pleasure, and is very desirous to be esteemed an Elaborate and Ingenious
+_Ringer_, and be enrolled amongst that Honoured _Society_ of +Colledge
+Youths+; I must beg Leave to instruct him before he enters the
+_Bell-free_, in these ensuing short Rules, which he must strictly
+observe. _viz._
+
+1. That as all _Musick_ consists in these six plain _Notes_, _La Sol Fa
+Mi Re Ut_; so in _Ringing_, a Peal of Bells is Tuned according to these
+Principles of Musick: For as each _Bell takes its Denomination from the
+Note it Sounds_, by its being flatter or deeper, as, _First_, or Treble,
+_Second_, _Third_, _Fourth_, &c. as they are in number to _Ten_ or
+_Twelve_ Bells, the Last being called the _Tennor_; So must they
+successively strike one after another both _Fore-stroke_ and
+_Back-stroke_, in a due Musical Time or Equidistance, to render their
+Harmony the more pleasant, and to make the Young Practitioner the better
+informed to observe the _Life of Musick_, and indeed of true Ringing,
+_Time_; and therefore is called, _Round-Ringing_.
+
+2. As in Musick, so in Ringing there are _three Concords_, so called
+from their Melodious Harmony and Agreement, which Principally are these;
+_Thirds_, _viz._ 1 3, 2 4. _&c._ _Fifths_ 1 5, 2 6 _&c._ _Eights_ 1 8,
+2 9, 3 10 &c. and these are the more pleasant according to the Number of
+Bells they are struck on, and as they are struck, whether seperately or
+mutually. From hence _Changes_ are made, which is only a Changing place
+of one _Note_ with another, so variously, as Musick may be heard a
+thousand wayes of Harmony; which being so obvious to common Observation,
+I shall not go about to demonstrate; for that if two may be varied two
+wayes, surely by the _Rule of Multiplication_, a Man may easily learn
+how many times 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 12 Bells Notes may be varied, which
+will run almost _ad infinitum_.
+
+3. For the better observing the Ringing of _Changes_ or _Rounds_, these
+three things are to be noted.
+
+1. _The Raising true in Peal._
+
+2. _Ringing at a low Compass_; And
+
+3. _Ceasing in true Peal_; All which three are the most essential Parts
+to render a Practitioner _Excellent_.
+
+1. For _Raising a Peal of Bells true_, the modern & best Practice
+recommends the _swiftest and quickest possible_, every one taking
+Assistance to raise his Bell, as its going requires: The _lesser_ Bells
+as _Treble_, _&c._ being by main strength _held down_ in their first
+Sway (or pull) to get time for the striking of the rest of Larger
+Compass; and so continued to be strong pulled till Frame-high, and then
+may be slackned: The _Bigger_, as _Tenor_, &c. must be _pincht_ or
+checkt over head, that the Notes may be heard to strike roundly and
+hansomely. Observe that all the Notes strike round at one Pull: I do not
+mean the First; but ’tis according to the Bigness and Weightiness of
+your Bells: However in raising a Peal, do not let one _Bell_ strike
+before the rest, or miss when the rest do; this is contrary to the
+Strict Rules of _true Ringing_: And this is called _Round-Ringing_. Now
+if you design to raise a Peal of Bells for _Changes_, you ought to raise
+them to a Set-Pull, as the most proper for commanding the Notes, and he
+who is not well skilled to manage his Bell at a _Set-Pull_, will be apt
+to drop or overturn it, be in a Wood, and fruitlessly toil and moil
+himself. Therefore in practising the Setting of a Bell, cast your Eye
+about the other Bell-Ropes, during your managing your own, that you may
+accustome your selfe to manage it according to the _Change_.
+
+2. For _Ringing at a Low Compass_, is thus observed: By keeping a due
+_punctum_ or beat of Time, in the successive striking one after another
+of every Bell; the _best Ringer_ being set to the _Treble_, that may
+guide and direct the rest of the Notes in their due _Measure_.
+
+3. For _Ceasing a Peal of Bells_; Let them fall gradually from a set
+_Peal_, checking them only at Sally, till the low Compass renders it
+useless; and when so low, that for want of Compass, they can scarce
+strike at Back-stroak; then let the _Treble_-Ringer stamp, as a Signal,
+to notify, that the next time they come to strike at the Fore-stroke,
+to check them down, to hinder their striking the Back-stroke; yet
+Fore-stroke continued, till brought to a neat and gracefull Chime, which
+may be the _Finis_ to that _Peal_.
+
+Thus much in short, for _Raising_, _Round-Ringing_, and _Ceasing_ a
+_Peal_ of _Bells_; I come next to lead you forth into that spacious
+_Field_ of Variety of _Changes_, and present you with Instructions that
+may be meerly necessary, for the right Understanding the several kinds
+of them.
+
+Now in _Ringing Changes_, two of our best Senses, are to be employed,
+_viz._ The _Ear_, and the _Eye_: The _Ear_, Hearing when to make a
+_Change_; and the _Eye_ directing the _Bell_ in making it: The _Bells_
+being the Object of the Former, and the _Bell-Ropes_ the Object of the
+Latter. And to render both the Eye and Ear Usefull in Ringing _Changes_,
+these _Five_ things are throughly to be Understood
+
+_First._ Endeavour to distinguish the _Notes_ of a _Peal_ of _Bells_,
+one from another while Ringing.
+
+_Secondly_, Learn to apprehend the Places of the _Notes_.
+
+_Thirdly_, Understand the Precendency of _Notes_.
+
+_Fourthly_, How to make a _Change_ in _Ringing_.
+
+_Fifthly_, and _Lastly_. How to Practise the four fore-going Notions in
+General.
+
+1. _To know the Notes of a Peal of Bells asunder_ (which is easy in
+_Round-Ringing_) in _Changes_ is thus: Get the skill of Tuning them with
+your _Voice_, by imitating their Notes while _Ringing_. Or if you are
+acquainted, either by your self or Friend, with some _Singing-master_,
+or one who has skill in _Singing_, get him to instruct you in the true
+Pitch of any _Note_, and aid your distinguishing them; otherwise you may
+be puzzled in this, to know which is _Treble_, which _Second_, &c. as in
+532641, _&c._
+
+2. To know the Places of the _Notes_, is no way better to be apprehended
+than thus: The Practitioner ought to form an _Idea_ in his Head of the
+Place of each _Note_, whether in a direct _Line_, or _Obliquely_; and
+representing them by a _Figure_ in his mind, see (as it were) by the Eye
+of his Understanding each stroke of the _Bell_, as the _Treble_, 1.
+_Second_ 2. _Third_ 3. _&c._ so that as the _Ear_ is to direct him, when
+to make the Change, so a right Apprehension of the _Motion_ and _Places_
+of the _Notes_, ought to be a means to guide his Ear.
+
+3. The Precedency of _Notes_, is of a very Obvious Demonstration; thus:
+In Ringing _Changes_, the Fore and Back-stroke, successively following
+one another, are properly said to _Lye behind_ one another, according to
+their places of striking. Or in short, in 12345. the _Note_ that leads
+either at Fore or Back-stroak, is said to _Lye before_ the rest, and the
+last to be behind. As the 2 is said to lye behind the 1, so it lyeth
+before the 3, as the 3 lyeth behind the 2, so it lyeth before the 4. And
+so of as many as are _Rung_.
+
+4. The manner of making a _Change_, is very common, and needs no
+particular, but general Rule; That it is made by moving one _Note_ into
+anothers place, Up and Down, as Occasion requires; but all usually made
+by two _Notes_ standing one next the other, as hereafter may be
+Observed.
+
+_Lastly_, In your Ringing _Changes_, these two things (in which consists
+the practick part of this Art) are to be rightly considered. _First_,
+Readily to know which two _Bells_ are to make the succeeding _Change_.
+And _Secondly_, to consider (if you are concern’d in it) what _Bell_ you
+are to follow in making it. To understand which the more perfectly, you
+must imprint in your memory, the Method of the _Changes_ prick’d in
+_Figures_, and to be expert likewise in setting them down divers wayes,
+and making any _Figure_ a _Hunt_ at Pleasure; and thus without pausing
+or hesitating to consider the Course, you may throughly understand the
+Methods; the Four preceding Observations being first perfectly
+understood.
+
+There are two wayes of _Ringing Changes_, viz. By _Walking_ them, as the
+Artists stile it; or by _Whole-pulls_, or _Half-pulls_: _Walking_ is,
+when in one _Change_ the _Bells_ go round, _Four_, _Six_, or _Eight_
+times; which is a most incomparable way to improve a young Practitioner,
+by giving him time to consider, which two _Bells_ do make the next
+succeeding _Change_, and in making it, what _Bell_ each is to follow;
+so that by this means (by his industry) he may be capable of Ringing at
+_Whole-Pulls_; Which is, when the _Bells_ go round in a Change at fore
+and back-stroke; and a new Change is made every time they are pulled
+down at Sally: This an Ancient Practice, but is now laid aside, since we
+have learnt a more advantageous way of hanging our _Bells_, that we can
+manage a _Bell_ with more ease at a Set-Pull than formerly: So that
+Ringing at _Half-Pulls_ is now the modern general Practice; that is,
+When one Change is made at Fore-Stroke, another at Back-Stroke, _&c._
+
+I have one Thing more to add in these _introductory_ Rules, and that in
+short is this: He that Rings the slowest _Hunt_, ought to notify the
+_extreme Changes_; which is, when the Leading _Bell_ is pulling down,
+that he might make the Change next before the Extreme, he ought to say,
+_Extreme_. By this means, betwixt the Warning and the Extreme there will
+be one compleat Change.
+
+
+_Of Changes_, &c.
+
+There are _two kinds of Changes_, viz. _Plain Changes_, and
+_Cross-Peals_; which Terms do denote the _Nature_ of them; for as the
+first is stiled _Plain_, so are its Methods easy; and as the second is
+called _Cross_, so are its Methods cross and intricate: The First have a
+general Method, in which all the Notes (except Three) have a direct
+_Hunting-Course_, moving gradually under each other, plainly and
+uniformly: _Plain_ are likewise termed _single Changes_, because there
+is but one single Change made in the striking all the Notes round,
+either at fore or back-stroke. But the Second is _various_, each Peal
+differing in its Course from all others; and _in Cross-Peals as many
+Changes may be made as the Notes will permit_. In short, as to
+_Plain-Changes_, I shall not dilate on them here, it being so _plainly_
+understood by every one that lately have rung a _Bell_ in peal; All
+therefore I shall add is this, That any two Notes that strike next
+together may make a Change, which may be done either _single_ or
+_double_, as you list. The _single_, by changing Two Notes; and the
+_Double_, by changing Four, _i. e._ Two to make one Change, and two
+another; which is however called _One double Change_, and not two
+Changes; because tis made in striking the Notes of the _Bells_ once
+round. For the rest, common Observation and Practice bids me stop here,
+and demands a Clearing those dark Intricacies which attend
+_Cross-Peals_.
+
+
+_Of Cross-Peals._
+
+_Art_, being a curious Searcher and Enquirer into the hidden and
+abstruse _Arcana_’s of Difficulties, having found out that dark and
+remote Corner of Obscurity, wherein the nature of these _Cross-Peals_
+lay at first invelopped, has exhibited by its _Proselytes_ the ensuing
+Demonstrations of that which before lay mantled up in Doubt: And to
+effect this, these _Favourites of Art_ have, like ingenious Architects,
+made Order and Method the _Basis_, on which the whole Structure depends:
+For in these _Cross-Peals_ we must observe the _prime Movement_, which
+sets the whole Frame a going, and that is called the _Hunt_, which hath
+_One constant Uniform Motion throughout the Peal_, and different from
+that of the other Notes; and indeed by this the whole Course of the Peal
+is Steered. This keeps a continual motion through the other Notes,
+_i. e._ From Leading, to strike behind, and from thence again to Lead;
+which is called one _compleat Course_.
+
+Some Peals upon _five Bells_ consist of _single_ Courses, wherein are
+ten Changes, and twelve Courses make the Peal. Others upon Five, consist
+of Double Courses, wherein are twenty Changes to every Course, and six
+Courses in the Peal.
+
+Upon _six Bells_ there are likewise _single_ and _double_ Courses,
+_viz._ Twelve Changes in every single Course, as in _Grandsire Bob_, &c.
+and Twenty-four Changes in every Double Course, as in _Colledge Bobs_,
+that being the first Change of every Course, wherein the _Hunt_ leaves
+Leading: In short, judiciously observe the first Course of any
+_Cross-Peal_, and you will soon see the general Method of the whole
+Peal: All Courses in Cross-Peals agreeing in these following three
+Respects. First, _In the motion of the Hunt_. Secondly, _In the motion
+of the rest of the Notes_: And Thirdly, _In making the Changes_. Which
+three things being well (to omit Instances of Demonstration) and
+narrowly observed, will be very helpful both in pricking and ringing
+Courses; the first and third for directing you in Pricking them, and the
+first and second in Ringing them.
+
+There is one _Difficulty_ to be removed e’re I can come to prick down
+those _Peals_ I design to be the Subject of the Discourse of this
+_Epitome_, and that is, _How to make the first Changes at the beginning
+of each Peal_; I mean to make the _Second_, _Third_, _Fourth_, &c.
+_whole Hunts_; and this in short is thus directed: In any _Cross-Peal_
+the _Whole Hunt_ may move either up or down at the beginning; and the
+Motion of the _Whole Hunt_, in the first Course of each of the following
+Peals, will direct the first Motion of any _Cross-hunt_, and by
+Consequence of making the first Changes in that Peal. Taking along with
+you this Observation.
+
+That whensoever the first Change of any Peal happens to be _single_, it
+must be made at the back-stroke, to prevent _cutting Compass_; and the
+like when a double Change happens first in a Peal of _Triples and
+doubles_: But when it happens, that the first Change is made at the
+Back-stroke, then Consequently the Bells at the end of the Peal will
+come round at a Fore-stroke Change.
+
+I shall omit speaking to any of the several _Peals_ on _four or five
+Bells_; for that in my Opinion little _Musick_ is heard, though much
+_practical Observation_ is made, from them; and therefore shall begin
+with _Grandsire-Bob_, as having mentioned it but just before in my
+general View I made of _Cross-Peals_.
+
+
+  _Grandsire Bob._
+
+_Bob_ Changes take their Name from this, _viz._ When the _Treble_ leads
+in the _Second_ and _Third_, and the _Fifth_ and _Sixth_’s places, then
+they are called _Bob-Changes_. In Ringing which you are to observe these
+Rules, _viz._
+
+Whatsoever Bells you follow when you _Hunt up_, the same Bells in the
+same order you must follow in _Hunting down_; as in the Changes here
+prickt, where the _Treble_ hunting up _First_ follow _Second_, then
+_Fourth_, and then _Sixth_; when it comes behind, _First_ follows
+_Second_, in hunting down _Fourth_; and when hunted up follows _Sixth_
+in the same Order: The like may be observed in Ringing any other Bell,
+with this Difference betwixt the Whole-hunt and the rest, _viz._ Every
+time the Whole-hunt leaves the _Treble_’s place, and hunts up, it
+followeth different Bells from what it did at its first hunting up.
+
+In the ensuing Peal here prickt are _Eighteen-score_ Changes, wanting
+one. It may be Rung with any _Hunts_, and begin the Changes _Triple_ and
+_Double_: You may make your Extreme at the first, second, or third
+_single Bob_; or the first, second, or third time, that the half and
+_quarter-hunts_ dodg behind; the _single_ must be made behind in either
+of these.
+
+  123456
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+  314256
+  132465
+  134256
+  312465
+  321645
+  236154
+  263514
+  625341
+  652431
+  564213
+  546123
+  451632
+  415362
+  143526
+  _bob._
+  134562
+  315426
+  351246
+  532164
+  523614
+  256341
+  265431
+  624513
+  642153
+  461235
+  416325
+  143652
+  _bob._
+  134625
+  316452
+  361542
+  635124
+  653214
+  562341
+  526431
+  254613
+  245163
+  421536
+  412356
+  143265
+  142356
+  ------
+  124536
+  125463
+  ------
+  152643
+  156234
+  ------
+  165324
+  163542
+  ------
+  136452
+  _bob._
+  163425
+  ------
+  136245
+  132654
+  ------
+  123564
+  125346
+  ------
+  152436
+  154263
+  ------
+  145623
+  _bob._
+  154632
+  ------
+  145362
+  _bob._
+  154326
+  ------
+  145236
+  142563
+  ------
+  124653
+  126435
+  ------
+  162345
+  163254
+  ------
+  136524
+  135642
+  ------
+  153462
+  _bob._
+  135426
+  ------
+  153246
+  152364
+  ------
+  125634
+  126543
+  ------
+  162453
+  164235
+  ------
+  146325
+  _bob._
+  164352
+  ------
+  146532
+  _bob._
+  164523
+  ------
+  146253
+  142635
+  ------
+  124365
+  ------
+  123456
+  ------
+
+Thus much for the _Grandsire-Bob_; I shall next collect what _London
+Peals_ I think most Harmonious, and agreeable, without troubling my self
+to go to _Oxford_, or _Nottingham_, or _Redding_, to enquire after their
+different Methods of _Peales_, as indeed needless; and my reason is
+this: Because I think the same Rules for _Peales_ that are suitable to
+our _London Genius_, may challenge likewise an Acceptance amongst other
+_Cities_; provided their _Steeples_ are furnished with as many, and as
+good _Bells_, and their _Belfree’s_ with as ingenious and elaborate
+_Ringers_ as here in _London_.
+
+I shall begin then with _Peales upon Six Bells_, and herein in order,
+measure out the Delights on _Peals_ from _Six_ to _Eight_ Bells, and
+setting out early, present you with
+
+
+  _The Morning Exercise._
+
+_Doubles_ and _Singles_. The whole _Hunt_ is the _Treble_, which
+_Hunteth_ up into the _Second_, _Third_, and _Fourth_ places, lying
+twice in each; and then lyeth still in the _Sixth_ place, having dodged
+behind, and makes another, and then _Hunts_ down as it _Hunted_ up, and
+then leads four times. Observing the manner of its Pricking, and its
+Practice, may excuse any further defining it.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  213456
+  231465
+  231456
+  234165
+  234156
+  243516
+  243561
+  245316
+  245361
+  254631
+  254613
+  256431
+  256413
+  265143
+  265134
+  261543  [printed as: 265143]
+  261534
+  216543
+  216534
+  126543
+  126534
+  162543
+  162534
+  ------
+  164352
+  164325
+  _bob._
+  163452
+  163425
+  ------
+  165243
+  165234
+  156243
+  156234
+  ------
+  154326
+  154362
+  _bob._
+  153426
+  153462
+  ------
+  152643
+  152634
+  125643
+  125634
+  ------
+  124365
+  124356
+  142365
+  142356
+  ------
+  146532
+  146523
+  _bob._
+  145632
+  145623
+  ------
+  143265
+  143256
+  134265
+  134256
+  ------
+  136524
+  136542
+  _bob._
+  135624
+  135642
+  ------
+  132465
+  132456
+  123465
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This will go a 120 _Changes_, and by making _Bobs_, 240, 360, 720.
+
+
+  _A Cure for _Melancholy_._
+  _Doubles_ and _Singles_.
+
+I should think it needless to explain the method of prick’d Peales, and
+give a large Definition of them, when their plain Demonstration might be
+sufficient; However, as the Old _Phrase_ is, _Because ’tis usual_,
+something shall be said of this too.
+
+The _Treble_ is the whole _Hunt_, as in the former, and leads four
+times, and lyeth behind as many, and twice in every other place; the two
+_Bells_ in the 3d. add 4th. places continue dodging, when the _Treble_
+moves out of the 4th. place; untill it comes down there again, and then
+the two hindmost dodge, till the _Treble_ displaceth them; who maketh
+every double _Change_, except when it lieth behind, and then the double
+is on the four first, and on the four last when it leads. Every Single
+(except when the _Treble_ lies there) is in the 5th. and 6th. places;
+or if possessed by the _Treble_, then in the 3d. and 4th. places: Every
+_Bell_ (except the _Treble_) lies four times in the Second place: But
+enough; a word is enough to the Wise. See it here Deciphered.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  213456
+  231465
+  231456
+  234165
+  234156
+  243516
+  245316
+  243561
+  245361
+  423561
+  425361
+  423516
+  425316
+  452136
+  452163
+  451236
+  451263
+  415236
+  415263
+  145236
+  145263
+  142536
+  142563
+  ------
+  156423
+  156432
+  _bob._
+  165423
+  165432
+  ------
+  143652
+  143625
+  _bob._
+  134652
+  134625
+  ------
+  162345
+  162354
+  163245
+  163254
+  ------
+  125634
+  125643
+  126534
+  126543
+  ------
+  154263
+  154236
+  152463
+  152436
+  ------
+  143526
+  143562
+  _bob._
+  134526
+  134562
+  ------
+  156423
+  156432
+  _bob._
+  165423
+  165432
+  ------
+  132654
+  132645
+  136254
+  136245
+  ------
+  124365
+  124356
+  123465
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This will go _Six-score Changes_, but by making _bobs_, it will go 240,
+360, or 720. The _bob_ is a double _Change_ at the leading of the
+_Treble_, in which the _Bell_ in the 4th Place lyeth still.
+
+
+  London Nightingale,
+  _Doubles_ and _Singles_.
+
+The Whole-_Hunt_ is the _Treble_, who lyeth four times before, and as
+many behind, and twice in every other place: The two hind _bells_
+continue dodging, when the _Treble_ moves down out of the _Fifth_ place,
+till he comes there again, the _bell_ in the _Fourth_ place lying still
+all the while: When the two hind _bells_ aforesaid leave dodging, then
+the two _First bells_ take their dodging places, till dispossessed
+again, by the return of the said Hind _bells_ to their dodging; and then
+they Cease.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  213456
+  231465
+  231456
+  234165
+  234156
+  243516
+  423516
+  243561
+  423561
+  245361
+  425361
+  245316
+  425316
+  452136
+  452163
+  451236
+  451263
+  415236
+  415263
+  145236
+  145263
+  154236
+  154263
+  ------
+  126543
+  126534
+  162543
+  162534
+  ------
+  153624
+  153642
+  _bob._
+  156324
+  156342
+  ------
+  134562
+  134526
+  _bob._
+  135462
+  135426
+  ------
+  142356
+  142365
+  124356
+  124365
+  ------
+  136245
+  136254
+  163245
+  163254
+  ------
+  125634
+  125643
+  152634
+  152643  [printed as: 152634]
+  ------
+  164523
+  164532
+  _bob._
+  165423
+  165432
+  ------
+  143652
+  143625
+  _bob._
+  146352
+  146325
+  ------
+  132465
+  132456
+  123465
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This will go 120, and by making _bobs_, 240, 360, or 720.
+
+
+  _Colledge Bobs._
+
+In this _bob_, when the _Treble_ leaves the two Hind _bells_, they dodge
+till it comes there again, and till the _Treble_ gives way for the
+dodging again of the said two Hind _bells_, the two _First bells_ dodge,
+but after Cease dodging, when the two Hind _bells_ dodge.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  214365
+  124356
+  213465
+  231456
+  324165
+  321456
+  234165
+  243615
+  426351
+  246315
+  423651
+  246351
+  423615
+  243651
+  426315
+  462135
+  641253
+  642135
+  461253
+  416235
+  142653
+  412635
+  146253
+  142635
+  416253
+  146235
+  412653
+  421635
+  246153
+  241635
+  426153
+  462513
+  _&c._
+  165432
+  _bob._
+  156423
+  ------
+  143526
+  _bob._
+  134562
+  ------
+  152364
+  153246
+  ------
+  126543
+  125634
+  ------
+  164235
+  162453
+  ------
+  143652
+  _bob._
+  134625
+  ------
+  165324
+  _bob._
+  156342
+  ------
+  132546
+  135264
+  ------
+  124365
+  123456
+  ------
+
+
+  _Another._
+
+Here, every _bell_, when it comes to lead, makes a dodge before, then
+after one _Change_, it lyeth still; after it has made another dodge,
+it moves up into the _4th._ place, where twice it lyeth still; and down
+again; except the _Treble_ happens to dodge with it in the _4th._ place,
+then it _Hunts_ up behind. When the _Treble_ moves down out of the _3d._
+place, the two _bells_ in the _3d._ and _4th._ place continue there,
+till the _Treble_ comes up thither again, the two hind _bells_ dodging
+in the mean time.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  214365
+  124356
+  213465
+  231645
+  326154
+  231654
+  326145
+  362415
+  634251
+  364215
+  632451
+  623541
+  265314
+  625341
+  263514
+  236154
+  321645
+  236145
+  321654
+  312564
+  135246
+  315264
+  132546
+  135264
+  312546
+  132564
+  315246
+  351426
+  534162
+  351462
+  534126
+  _&c._
+  153624
+  _bob._
+  135642
+  ------
+  153462
+  _bob._
+  135426
+  ------
+  153246
+  152364
+  ------
+  125634
+  126543
+  ------
+  162453
+  164235
+  ------
+  146325
+  _bob._
+  164352
+  ------
+  146532
+  _bob._
+  164523
+  ------
+  146253
+  142635
+  ------
+  124365
+  123456
+  ------
+
+Both these _bobs_ will go _One Hundred_ and _Twenty Changes_, and by
+making of _bobs_, they will go, 240, 360, or 720. And thus with little
+Variation, there are other _bobs_ may be made after the same manner, and
+afford as Admirable Musick, as possibly can be made on _bells_. I shall
+therefore hasten to finish this dayes Work, only first present you with
+this one more called,
+
+
+  The City Delight:
+  _Doubles_ and _Singles_.
+
+The whole _Hunt_ is the _Treble_, and lieth as before in the
+_Nightingale_: When the _Treble_ moves out of the _3d._ place, the
+_Singles_ are made in the _2d._ and _3d._ places, till the _Treble_
+repossesses his _3d_ place, and then behind, till it moves up again out
+of the _3d._ place. The two Hind _bells_ dodge, when the _Treble_ moves
+out of the _4th._ place, till he returns again; the _bell_ in the _4th._
+place lying still all the while.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  213456
+  231465
+  231456
+  234165
+  234156
+  243156
+  234615
+  243615
+  246351
+  264351
+  246531
+  264351
+  265413
+  256413
+  265143
+  256143
+  251634
+  251643
+  215634
+  215643
+  125634
+  125643
+  152634
+  152643
+  ------
+  154326
+  154362
+  _bob._
+  153426
+  153462
+  ------
+  156234
+  156243
+  165234
+  165243
+  ------
+  164352
+  164325
+  _bob._
+  163452
+  163425
+  ------
+  162534
+  162543
+  126534
+  126543
+  ------
+  124365
+  124356
+  142365
+  142356
+  ------
+  145623
+  145632
+  _bob._
+  146523
+  146532
+  ------
+  143265
+  143256
+  134265
+  134256
+  ------
+  135642
+  135624
+  _bob._
+  136542
+  136524
+  ------
+  132465
+  132456
+  123465
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This will go as many _Changes_ as the last mentioned, by making _bobs_.
+And here I will shut up this dayes Peal, upon Six Bells with
+
+
+  The Evening Delight.
+  _Doubles_ and _Singles_.
+
+The Whole-_Hunt_ is the _Treble_, and lyes as before specified, with
+this exception only: That it dodges in the _2d._ and _3d._ places, every
+time it _Hunts_ up, and down. Observe when _Treble_ goes to lead, and
+leaves of leading, the _bells_ in the _3d._ and _4th._ places lye still,
+_&c._ Note the pricking this _Peal_.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  231465
+  213645
+  231645
+  236154
+  263154
+  236514
+  263514
+  265314
+  256341
+  265431
+  256431
+  254613
+  245613
+  254163
+  245163
+  241536
+  214536
+  241356
+  214356
+  124365
+  142365
+  124635
+  142635
+  ------
+  146253
+  164235
+  _bob._
+  146253
+  164235
+  ------
+  162453
+  126453
+  _bob._
+  162435
+  126435
+  ------
+  124653
+  142653
+  124563
+  142563
+  ------
+  145236
+  154236
+  145326
+  154326
+  ------
+  153462
+  135462
+  153642
+  135642
+  ------
+  136524
+  163524
+  _bob._
+  136542
+  163542
+  ------
+  165324
+  156324
+  _bob._
+  165342
+  156342
+  ------
+  153624
+  135624
+  153264
+  135264
+  ------
+  132546
+  123546
+  132456
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This Peal will go 120 _Changes_, and by making _bobs_, as many as above.
+
+Note that in all the foregoing Peals upon _Six bells_, the _bobs_ are
+double _Changes_, and made alwayes at the leadings of the _Whole-Hunt_.
+He that Rings the _Half-Hunt_, may best call _bob_ in all Peales.
+
+
+I come now to the _Changes_ upon Seven _bells_, which though the seldom
+Practice of them might excuse my omitting them; yet because I promised
+to say somewhat of them, I shall be as good as my Word, (the Character
+of an Honest man) and present you with a couple of Examples, and then
+proceed to _Peales_ upon _Eight_: But this I must crave leave to
+premise, That Variety of _Changes_ may be prick’d upon Seven _bells_, as
+_Triples_, and _Doubles_, _Triples Doubles_, and _Single Doubles_, &c.
+and the same Methods may be prick’d upon _Seven_, as may be upon _Five_,
+the true difference of Proportion being observed; but to proceed.
+
+
+  _Dodging Triples._
+
+_Triples_ and _Doubles_, and indeed all _Peals_ upon Six, may likewise
+go upon Seven _Bells_, thus,
+
+  1234567
+  -------
+  2143576
+  2415367
+  4251376
+  4523167
+  5432617
+  4523671
+  5432761
+  4523716
+  5432176
+  5341267
+  3514276
+  3152467
+  1325476
+  1352746
+
+
+  Plain Triples.
+
+  1234567
+  -------
+  2143657
+  2416375
+  4261735
+  4627153
+  6472513
+  6745231
+  7654321
+  7563412
+  5736142
+  5371624
+  3517264
+  3152746
+  1325476
+
+In this all the Bells have a Hunting _Course_.
+
+
+  _Colledge Triples_, dodging before, and behind.
+
+  1234567
+  -------
+  2143576
+  2415367  [printed as: 2415357]
+  4251376
+  2453167
+  4235617
+  2436571
+  4263751
+  2467315
+  4276135
+  2471653
+  4217635
+  4126753
+  1462735
+  1467253
+  4176235
+  4712653
+  7421635
+  4726153
+  7462513
+  4765231
+
+This _Peal_ thus prick’t, will go, 84 _Changes_, and the _Treble_
+leading, and the _Half Hunt_ lying next it, and a parting _Change_
+(which is a _Double_ on the four middlemost of the Six hind _Bells_)
+being made, it will go 420, and by making _bobs_, 5040.
+
+Thus much shall suffice for _Peales_ upon Seven _Bells_, I proceed to
+_Changes_ upon _Eight_.
+
+
+  _Peals of Eight Bells._
+
+Without amusing our selves with what Notes are most _Musical_, to _lye
+behind_, we will come to the matter of Fact; for those Methods of
+_Peals_ that are prick’t on _Six_, may be the same upon _Eight_,
+Observing only, that _Triples_ and _Doubles_ upon _Six_, must be
+_Quadruples_, and _Triples_ upon _Eight_. _Doubles_ upon _Six_, must be
+_Triples_ upon _Eight_, &c. Now then to our purpose of Demonstration;
+We generally give preference to things, as they are dignified with some
+eminent Title, and are ready to suppose they may have something more
+than ordinary, that merits such Esteem, whereof the Title is but a Sign,
+or Token; which Custome induced me to head my Discourse upon _Changes_
+on _Eight Bells_, with that which carries the most _Swelling_ Title.
+
+
+  The Imperial Bob:
+  _Quadruples_ and _Triples_.
+
+The _Treble_ hath a dodging _Course_, the two first, and two last
+_Bells_ always dodge, till hindred by the _Treble_, the two next to
+these, lying still one _Change_, dodge the next, till the _Treble_
+hinders them too. Those in the 5th. and 6th. places dodge (the Treble
+being behind) and those in the 3d. and 4th. places likewise dodge (the
+Treble being before) and so till hindered by the Treble.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  12346578
+  21436587
+  24136578
+  42315687
+  24135678
+  42316587
+  24361578
+  42635187
+  24631578
+  42365187
+  24635817
+  42368571
+  24365817
+  42638571
+  24365871
+  42638517
+  24635871
+  42368517
+  24638157
+  42361875
+  24368157
+  42631875
+  24613857
+  42168375
+  24618357
+  42163857
+  41268357
+  14623875
+  41263857
+  14628375
+  14263857
+  41628375
+  14268357
+  41623875
+  46128357
+  64213875
+  46123857
+  64218375
+  46281357
+  _&c._
+  16847253
+  16482735
+  --------
+  18765432
+  _bob._
+  17864523
+  --------
+  16573824
+  _bob._
+  15678342
+  --------
+  17352648
+  17536284
+  --------
+  13274586
+  13725468
+  --------
+  12438765
+  12347856
+  --------
+  14826357
+  14283675
+  --------
+  18645273
+  18462537
+  --------
+  16587432
+  _bob._
+  15684732
+  --------
+  18753624
+  _bob._
+  17856342
+  --------
+  15372846
+  15738264
+  --------
+  13254768
+  13527486
+  --------
+  12436587
+  12345678
+  --------
+
+By this method, the Peal will go 224 Changes, and by making of Bobs it
+will go 448, 672, 1344. The Bob is a _Triple_ Change at the Leading of
+the Treble, wherein the Bell in the _Fourth_ place lies still.
+
+
+The next that comes to our Observation, and answers to what we first
+hinted at in the beginning of this discourse of Peals upon _Eight_ Bells
+I mean _Precedency in Title_, is the
+
+
+  Bob Major.
+  _Plain Quadruples_ and _Triples_.
+
+In this all the _Bells_ have a direct _Hunting Course_, until the Treble
+leads, and then the six hindmost _Bells_ dodge.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24163857
+  42618375
+  46281735
+  64827153
+  68472513
+  86745231
+  87654321
+  78563412
+  75836142
+  57381624
+  53718264
+  35172846
+  31527486
+  13254768
+  31527486
+
+By this method this will go 112. And by making _Bobs_, 224, 336, or 672.
+The _Bob_ is a _Triple Change_, as in the foregoing _Imperial_ is
+specified. By making two _Extreams_ it will go 1344, and with four
+_Extreams_, 2688.
+
+All Peals upon six Bells, wherein half the Changes are _Triples_, will
+go upon _Eight_ according the method before-going, thus; If it be a Peal
+upon _Six_, consisting of 360, or 720 Changes, then there must be five
+_Hunts_ in the Ringing of it upon _Eight_, the Treble being the first,
+2 the Second, _&c._
+
+
+  Colledge Bob Major.
+  _Quadruples_ and _Triples_.
+
+There is four wayes of Pricking these. The first hath single Dodging
+behind, and is thus Peal’d.
+
+
+  The First.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24163578
+  42615387
+  46251378
+  64523187
+  65432817
+  56348271
+  53684721
+  35867412
+  38576142
+  83751624
+  87315642
+  78136524
+  71863542
+  17685324
+  16758342
+
+
+  The Second.
+
+This hath Single Dodging before and behind, thus prickt.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24163578
+  42615387
+  24651378
+  42563187
+  24536817
+  42358671
+  24385761
+  42837516
+  24873156
+  42781365
+  24718356
+  42173865
+  41237856
+  14328765
+  13482756
+
+
+  The Third.
+
+This hath double Dodging behind, thus Prickt.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24135678
+  42316587
+  43261578
+  34625187
+  36452817
+  63548271
+  65384721
+  56837412
+  58673142
+  85761324
+  87216342
+  78153624
+  71856342
+  17583624
+  15786342
+
+
+  The Fourth.
+
+This hath double Dodging before and behind both thus.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24135678
+  42316587
+  24361578
+  42635187
+  24365817
+  42638571
+  24368751
+  42637815
+  24367185
+  42631758
+  24613785
+  42167358
+  41263785
+  14627358
+  16423785
+
+These may be prick’t several other wayes, but that I Omit here for
+Brevities sake; The _Dodging_ is without Intermission, except an
+hinderance comes by the _Treble_; as likewise between two Bells, until
+_Treble_ parts the Fray. The _Bobs_ are _Triple Changes_, as the
+_Treble_ leads; in the _1st._ _2d._ and _6th._ the Bell in the _4th._
+place lies still at the _Bobs_, and in the _3d._ _4th._ and _5th._ that
+in the _2d._ place lies still.
+
+Each of these will go 112 Changes, and by making Bobs 224, 336, or 672.
+
+
+  Colledge Triples Dodging both before and behind.
+
+This Peal is the same for _Bobs_, as the _Bob Major_, and will go as
+many Changes by making Bobs, or otherwise, as any of the foregoing Four,
+and is thus Peal’d.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24153678
+  42513687
+  24531678
+  42536187
+  24563817
+  42568371
+  24586731
+  42587613
+  24578163
+  42571836
+  24517863
+  42157836
+  41275863
+  14725836
+  17452863
+
+
+  The Wild-Goose Chace
+  _Triples._
+
+The Explanation shall follow the Peal; intending here to put an end to
+my _Epitome_ of the _Art of Ringing_, and therefore shall first present
+you with this Prick’t thus.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21536784
+  25163748
+  52613784
+  56231748
+  65327184
+  63572814
+  36758241
+  37625481
+  73265418
+  72356148
+  27531684
+  25713648
+  52173684
+  51237648
+  15327684
+  13572648
+  31752684
+  37125648
+  73215684
+  72351648
+
+In this Change the 4th. Bell must first hunt up into the Sevenths place,
+and then the 4 and 8 alwayes dodge behind throughout the Peal, unless
+when obstructed by the _Treble_. The Bell that moves up into the 6th.
+place, when the _Treble_ moves thence down, lies still there, till
+displaced by the _Treble_; during which time the two hind Bells dodge,
+and the _five first_ go a perfect _Hunting-Course_: And when likewise
+the _Treble_ moveth out the 5th. place the five first Bells go a
+_Hunting-Course_, till it comes down there again: By this method it will
+go 80 Changes, and by _Bobs_ 160, 240, or 480. The _Bob_ is made as in
+the foregoing Changes.
+
+And here I thought to make an end of the Art of Ringing, but _Cynthius
+aurem vellit_, the young Practitioner, whose only Information is hereby
+aimed at, plucks me by the Sleeve, and tells me in the Ear, That tho
+Peals upon six, as _Triples_ and _Doubles_, &c. make excellent Musick
+upon Eight _Bells_, 4 8, 6 8, 4 1, or 1 8 lying behind: Or, _Triples_
+and _Doubles_ upon the six middle _Bells_, the _Tennor_ lying behind;
+yet for him who is not arrived to such a perfection of Skill, at to Ring
+these compleat Peals, the most proper and easy for him are
+_Set-Changes_, which are founded on these _Grounds_.
+
+First, _Placing the Bells Fifths_; thus: The 4 must hunt up behind
+the 7, the 3, behind the 6, and the 2 behind the 5; Or the one may hunt
+down under the other, as the 5 under the 2, the 6 under 3, and 7
+under 4: Or if you will, first let a _Single_, next a _Double_, and then
+a _Triple_ Change be made on the Middle _Bells_, all coming to the same
+effect; for then the Changes will lye _Fifths_ thus, 1 5, 2 6, 3 7, 4 8.
+In the Peal four _Concords_ are to be regarded, The first 1 5; the
+second 2 6. the third 3 7. and the fourth 4 8.
+
+These four _Concords_ may go the Methods of any Changes upon four
+_Bells_; 1, 5 being taken for the _Treble_; 2, 6 for the _Second_; 3, 7
+for the _Third_; and 4, 8 for the _Fourth_; and the _Concords_ may
+Change places with one another, as you list. In which this Observation
+is highly necessary, That the two Notes of every Concord must constantly
+attend each other in their Motion; that is, whenever one of the two
+Notes moves, the other must follow it.
+
+Or Secondly, _Place the Bells_ Thirds; thus: The 6 4 and 2 must hunt up,
+or else the 3 5 7 down; or otherwise on the middle most _Bells_ let a
+_Triple_, _Double_ or _Single_ Change be made, they are to one effect;
+and then the _Bells_ will lie _Thirds_ thus, 1 3. 5 7. 2 4. 6 8. Herein
+are four _Concords_ observable; as in the former Peal, _viz_, 1 3. 5 7.
+2 4. 6 8. These _Concords_ may go the Methods of any Changes upon Four
+_Bells_, 1, 3 being taken for the Treble; 5, 7 for the Second; 2, 4 for
+the third; and 6, 8 for the fourth; moving in the same manner as before
+shewed.
+
+By these _Grounds_ Variety of excellent & Musical Changes are to be
+Rung; _Any Concord may be made a Hunt_, and to move up and down at the
+begining.
+
+In Ringing these _Set-Changes_, the Note will lye sometimes _Fifths_,
+sometimes _Thirds_, and sometimes _both_, and then to _Clam_ them, is
+admirable Musick: Clamming is, when each _Concord_ strike together;
+which being done true the 8 will strike as but four _Bells_, & make a
+Melodious Harmony. You may _Clam_ two or three bouts, and then strike as
+many times Open, alternatively, one _Clam_ one Pull, and Open the next,
+_&c._
+
+Thus much shall suffice for my treating of Ringing, and had not the
+Variety of its _Theme_, in which I was insensibly engaged, invited my
+Tast of something of every thing: I had not enlarged so much as I have;
+but I hope the pleasure it may produce, will attone for my dilating on
+so delightful a Subject; All I have therefore to add is, some _Advice_
+to the _Ringer_, in the Lawfull prosecuting this _Recreation_; and that
+is this.
+
+When God in _Israels Exodus_ out of _Egypt_, commanded _Moses_ to
+Consecrate _Aaron_, and his Sons, and invest them with those
+_Pontificial_ Vestments, according to the Pattern God had cut out, it is
+observable, that the _Robe_ of the _Ephod_, was with a particular
+Circumstance of Beauty to be Adorned, by hanging the _Hem_ of it with
+_Golden Bells_, and _Pomegranates_, each placed in an orderly Position,
+one by another round: This was the first institution we can read of, for
+the Use _Bells_ in Sacred Offices; but the reason was this: Because in
+_Aarons_ Ministration before God, when he entered into the Holy Place,
+and when he came out, the Sound of the _Bells_ might be heard in the
+_Temple_, for a _Memorial_ to the Children of his People. This Use of
+Bells continue in the _Aaronical_ Order, to this day. From hence the
+_Christian Church_ likewise (of which the Church under the _Mosaic_
+Dispensation was but a _Type_) has made Use of _Bells_, for the
+notifying the Time when the People are to Assemble, and made a Signal
+for convocating them together to the _Temple_; and herein differing from
+the _Mahometans_, in the _Steeples_ of whose _Temples_, are never found
+any _Bells_, but _Cryers_, Persons who with a loud Voyce call them to
+Prayers.
+
+Now then let us make this Use of the Institution of _Bells_. _First_,
+Let not only the _Musick_ and _Delight_ the _Bells_ give thee, invite
+thee to come to the _Temple_, to be partaker of that Pleasure they may
+afford thy Body, but let their _Musick_ invite thee to come thither when
+they call thee, to exercise thy Soul in Devotion; to God. Do not let thy
+frequent coming thither on _Week-days_ for thy Diversion, make thee
+absent thy self on _Sundays_ from thy Devotion; but let their Original
+Use make thee mindful of the _Sanctum Sanctorum_, the most Holy Place.
+Do not let the _Sunday_ Mornings Peal engage thy presence then, and the
+_Ale-House_ have thy company afterwards. Be as quick in hearing the
+_Chyming_ for _Prayers_, as thou art in the _Notes_ for _Pleasure_.
+
+  _When ere the _Old-Exchange_ of Profit Rings,
+  Her Silver _Saints-Bell_, of uncertain Gains,
+  Thy Merchant-soul can stretch both _Legs & Wings_,
+  How canst thou run, and take unwearied Pains?_
+
+And shouldst thou not be as nimble, when the _Saints-bell_ of the Church
+sounds in thy Ears, and calls thee to attend the _Priest_, who now
+signifyes his entrance into the _Holy-place_, and invites thee to joyn
+with him in the Sacrifice of Prayers and Praises.
+
+_Secondly_, Nor let the Bells be made thy Lullaby, to drown some
+Dissatisfaction, and so makes thee repair to the _Belfree_, (like the
+_Nurse_ to her _Whistle-Bells_) to quiet thy disturbed mind, and thus
+(as the Divine Poet excellently expresses it) to silence it with
+
+  Look, Look, What’s here! A dainty Golden thing?
+  See how the dancing _Bells_ turn round, and Ring
+  To please my _Bantling_! here’s a _Knack_ will breed,
+  An hundred Kisses; here’s a _Knack_ indeed, _&c._
+
+But let the _Altar_ have thy presence in Communion with God, in Prayers
+for his Grace, and Patience, to support any Calamity that may fall upon
+thee.
+
+_Lastly_, Let the Bells put you in mind to contemplate on _Death_, and
+every time you Ring, think how long it may be ere one of these may be
+your turn to have to sound
+
+  _The Nine sad Knolls of a Dull _Passing-Bell_,
+  With the loud Language of a Nightly Knell._
+
+This in short, is the use the _Ringer_ ought to make of this his
+Recreation, which if he makes duly and rightly, he may then Lawfully
+enjoy all the Benefit he can desire from it. And here I shall make an
+end of this Observation by way of Advice to the _Ringer_, which perhaps
+coming amongst Recreations may look unseasonable; But I know (at least
+presume) if I meet with an ingenious Reader, I shall need no Apology,
+for playing the Divine, in the directing the good Use of our Pleasures,
+and aiming at the furtherance of Virtue in all our Actions.
+
+Thus much for _Ringing_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Billiards,
+
+
+_Italy_ is asserted by universal Consent, to have been the Country
+whence this Recreation took its Birth and Original; and indeed ’tis no
+wonder that she who is called the _Queen_ or _Empress of the World_, the
+_Mistress of the Nations_, nay _the Paradise of the World_, should yield
+such Art and Ingenuity, and gentile Cunning, as her proper Product:
+A Country whose Inhabitants for their _Gravity_, _Respectiveness_, and
+_Ingenuity_ will ever stand Chronicled in the Books of Fame. A People
+that are _obedient_ to their _Superiors_, _Courteous_ to their
+Inferiors, full of all _Civility_ to their Equals, _Affable_ to
+Strangers, and most desirous by all fair and friendly Offices to win
+their Love. In their _Apparel_ fine and modest, in their _Furniture_ of
+their Houses sumptuous, and at their _Tables_ neat, sober in _Speech_,
+Enemies of all _ill Reports_ of others, and so tender of their own
+_Reputation_, that whosoever Slanders any one, and it reach the Parties
+Ear, the Slanderer certainly dies for it: _Thrifty_ they are generally
+of their Money and Expence, and love no more Cost, than what they are
+sure to Save by, or have great Thanks for; but otherwise for civil
+Behaviour and Deportment, surpassing all the Gentry of the World
+besides. But one thing I dare not omit in this Character of them, _viz._
+That they are extream _Jealous of their Wives_; and indeed not without
+some reason, if what is spoken proverbially of their Women, be true,
+That they are as _Magpies_ at the door, _Saints_ in the Church, _Goats_
+in the Garden, _Devils_ in the House, _Angels_ in the Streets, and
+_Syrens_ at the Windows; if Nature does not make them appear Beautiful,
+Art shall, as Paintings and other sophistical Helps; whence comes this
+Proverb among them, If _God make them tall and Fat_ (a _goodly_ Woman
+being a Title of great Value among them) _they will make themselves
+fair_. In fine, The Gentry are very Rich, live of all Men the most
+careless and contented Lives, keeping the Poor as Drudges and Slaves for
+them; and as it is said of the Tyrant _Polycrates_, _Have nothing to
+trouble them, but that they are troubled with nothing_.
+
+Thus I have given you a brief Character of the Inventors of this
+Recreation we are coming to treat of, and hence we may presume, how
+_fit_ such a People as this is, to give Birth to such a Recreation, so
+Gentile, so Cleanly, and so Ingenious, that as their Persons and Manners
+are emulously esteemed, so are their Pastimes ambitiously pursued, by
+most Nations in _Europe_; and this Sport is hugely valued by all in
+general, few Noblemen’s or private Gentlemen’s Families, nor few noted
+Towns in _England_, but have _Billiard Tables_, and admire the
+Excellency of it, both for the Exercise of the Body, and the Recreation
+of the Mind. But to the Matter in hand.
+
+_First_ then, He that would rightly understand this excellent Pastime,
+must be very careful of the _Form_ and _Make of the Table_, and the
+right ordering, framing, and fitting it for the Game, which is known by
+these ensuing Marks.
+
+1. The _Form_ of a _Billiard Table_ ought to be _Oblong_, that is to
+say, somewhat longer than it is broad; Both the length and breadth being
+left to your Discretion to make; proportionable to the Room you design
+it for; It ought to be _railed_ round, and this Rail or Ledge a little
+swelled or stufft with fine Flox or Cotton, that may yield to the Ball
+when struck against it, and expedites rather than deads the Flight of
+the Ball; though that happens according to the Violence of the Stroke or
+Push: The _Superficies_ of the Table ought to be covered with Green fine
+Cloath, clean and free from Knots: The Board must be levelled as exactly
+as is possible for the Eye and Hand of the most curious Joyner to Level,
+to the end your Ball may run true upon any part of the Table, without
+leaning or declining to any side of it: I must confess I do believe
+there are few have been so careful in this last thing, as they ought,
+because they have not timely foreseen, if the Boards, whereof the Table
+is made, be _well-seasoned_, and not subject to _Warp_, and that the
+_Floor_ whereon it stands be even and level; so that through the
+Ill-seasonedness of the one, or Unevennes of the other, as likewise in
+time by the weight of the Table, and the Gamesters yielding and giving
+way, there are very few found true. And indeed without a Table be
+exactly true, a good Gamester can never shew the Excellency of his Skill
+and Art, but a very Bungler sometimes, by being well acquainted with the
+Turnings and Windings of a false Table, may beat a good Gamester with
+great vexation and shame, who otherwise would have given him any odds
+whatsoever. Therefore let me tell you, it will conduce as much to the
+Interest of the Master of the House, where a _Billiard Table_ is kept,
+to see that it be well and truly levelled and kept, as it does to the
+Pleasure and satisfaction of a good Gamester, whose Skill is best seen
+and exhibited on such Tables, and never comes unattended with Company
+and Profit to the House, by his Recommendation he gives abroad of it.
+And now let us proceed to the rest of its parts, and fit it for our
+Play; and then let’s to’t as you list.
+
+2. The four Corners of the Table must be furnished with _four Holes_,
+and exactly in the middle of each side _one Hole_, and these Holes must
+be hung at the bottoms with _Nets_, Which Holes are named _Hazards_,
+because if either by Skill or Chance one Gamester strikes anothers Ball
+into these Holes, or Hazards, as we will now call them, he wins One; the
+_Nets_ are made to receive the Ball, and keep them from falling to the
+Ground when hazarded; and indeed is a very commendable way, far better
+than _Wooden_ Boxes which some use, these being apt to let a Ball to fly
+out again, when they are struck in by a stiff stroke, whereas the Nets
+keep them safe, and makes it impossible for them to rebound.
+
+_3dly._ The other _Utensils_ and _Instruments_ belonging to this first
+part of our Observations of the _Billiard Table_, are 1. An _Ivory
+Port_, this must be placed at one end of the Table. 2. An _Ivory King_,
+which must stand at the other end. 3. Two _Ivory Balls_, which must be
+compleatly round, or no good proof of your Play can be expected. 4. and
+Lastly, _Two Sticks_ made of _Brasile_, _Lignum-Vitæ_, or some other
+weighty Wood, to make them heavy, and at the broad end tipt with Ivory:
+And be sure to observe narrowly, if the _Heads_ be tight and fast, for
+if they should be loose you will never strike a smart stroke; and
+therefore if you fear this Defect, see if your stroke be hollow and
+dead, and your Ball run faintly, these are infallible Tokens that your
+Play will come to nothing without a fresh supply of other Sticks, or the
+heads of these fixt.
+
+Thus much for the Table, and all the other Implements belonging to it,
+which are necessary for our first Enquiry for the right understanding of
+this Game, I come next to those _Rules_ and _Measures_ which are to be
+observed for the rendring one a Gamester at this gentile Game.
+
+_Secondly_, This Game in its _Number_ is, according to the _Place_ and
+_Time_, when and where it is play’d; for in Gentlemens Houses they do
+not oblige themselves to a certain Number, but make as many as they
+please to admit up without any Restriction: But in Houses where part of
+their Subsistence has a Dependance upon a _Billiard Table_, the Game is
+_Five_ by Day-light or _Seven_, if odds be given, and _Three_ by
+Candle-light, or more, as the Rule of the House is. Now then having
+agreed upon what number we play, let us learn next how to manage our
+Game skillfully and with Art, and this we may understand by these
+following Rules.
+
+1. Let us know who must lead, which thus is resolved: You must stand on
+the one side of the Table opposite to the (so called) King, with your
+Ball laid near the Cushion, and your Adversary on the other placed in
+the like posture; and thus He of the two, that comes nearest the King,
+leads first.
+
+_2ly._ Having gotten the Lead, have a Care how you strike your Ball,
+that at the first stroke you touch not with your Ball the end of the
+Table, leading from the King to the Port, for if you touch it you lose
+One, as you shall observe hereafter in the Orders. But after the first
+Stroke you need not fear doing it: And you Leader be sure to lead so,
+that you may be in a possibility of passing the Port the next Stroke; or
+else to lye so cunningly, that you may probably hazard your Adversaries
+Ball the very Stroke you play after him.
+
+_3ly._ Generally the first Contest is who shall _pass first the Port_,
+and herein much Pains is taken, and all the Art and Cunning possible
+used to do it, and sometimes, nay frequently, an Opportunity of a
+_Hazard_ ends the Controversy: Sundry and various, as well as very
+pleasant, are the Policies and Tricks which are here used to obstruct
+each others Pass, as; _By turning the Port by a strong clever stroke_
+(the Sticks turning it, it is nothing, but to set aright again is the
+amends, though some would have the severity of the Orders inflicted on
+such an Offence by the Loss of One:) Next by _laying your Ball_ (when
+you see it impossible to pass) _in the Port_, or _before your
+Adversaries Ball_, for then let him do his utmost, he must Pass after
+you; if he has Past first, and you dare not venture to follow him, as
+fearing he should in the mean time touch the King, and so carry away the
+End; then you must wait upon him, and watch every Opportunity how you
+may hazard, or king him: Kinging of him is, when his Ball lyes in so
+advantageous a manner, as that if you strike his Ball, he must
+inevitably strike down the King, then you win, and prevent the Loss of
+that End: But with this Caution however, That you be careful how you
+strike, for if you do king him, and your Ball happens to fly over the
+Table, or into a Hazard, you shall lose One notwithstanding you have
+King’d him; and therefore a skillful Precaution must ever be had in
+this, and he that would prevent any such Chance, must
+
+_4ly._ Have a _curious Eye_, and a _good Judgment_, to take and quarter
+just so much of the Ball, that when he intends either to King or Hazard
+his Adversaries Ball, he may with Facility & Dexterity effect either.
+Which Observation must be noted, in passing on your Antagonists Ball, or
+corner of the Port: And indeed some are curious Effectors of this part
+of the Recreation, who with less than a fifth part of a Ball, will
+rarely miss a King or Hazard; which I must confess is an excellent part
+of a compleat Gamester in this Sport.
+
+_5ly._ Be careful that you _lay not your hand on the Table_ when you
+strike, nor let your Sleeve drag upon it, if you do it is a Loss; Or if
+you _smoke a Pipe of Spanish or Virginia_, being so wedded to that Fume,
+that were you sure to smother all the rest of the Company you are
+insensible of the Indecency, be careful that the Ashes fall not on the
+Table, lest the Cloth be burnt, which many times falls out: In these two
+Cases, let the Mulcts and Forfeitures of both, but especially the
+Hinderance the last gives a Man in the Skillful managing his Game, deter
+you from the lolling slovenly Posture of the first, and the stinking
+Indecency of the latter; because this Pastime being of a neat and
+cleanly Composition, will not admit any such Irregularities and
+Indecorums, without an absolute Violation of its Laws, and a Punishment
+attending such unhandsome Offences.
+
+_6thly._ As this cleanly Pastime exacts our diligent Care of keeping a
+_Decorum_, in the prosecuting the same, so does it require that we
+handle our Instruments with a neat and tractable hand, dislikes a
+Clumsey-Fist, which palms the Stick, as if he were handling a
+_Plough-share_: And therefore when you strike a long stroak, hold your
+stick neatly between your two fore-Fingers and your Thumb, and then
+strike a smart stroak; and by taking a steady and right Aim, (in this
+having your Eye and Judgment about you) you may when you list, either
+fetch back your Adversaries Ball, when he lyes fair for a Pass; or many
+times, when he lyes behind the _King_, and you at the other end of the
+Table, you may by a dextrous management of your stroke, _King_ him
+backward: Both which ways, I must confess, require a great deal of Care,
+and good Play, which he that would be, or already is, a Gamester, is
+never wanting in. But
+
+_7thly_, If you lye close, then the small end of your Stick, or the flat
+of the big end, raising up one end over your shoulder, is practicable
+and useful, and either of them to be used, as Occasion shall require,
+and as you judge most convenient and proper for the working the Effect
+you Aim at.
+
+_8thly_, There is one Fault, which tho its Demerits perhaps may not
+reach a Forfeiture, yet I must tell you will scarce admit of an Excuse,
+though this I presume is regulated according to the Agreement first
+stipulated between the Gamesters, and this Fault is called _Raking_,
+_i. e._ not striking your Ball cleanly, but gliding along, as it were;
+But in this, if you touch your Ball twice, it is a loss; as indeed
+repugnant to all _Rule_ and _Method_.
+
+_9thly_, There is another Caution you are to take at the Port, _viz._
+When you jobb your Ball with the great end of your stick through the
+Port, beware that you throw it not down, the doing of it is a loss; and
+therefore be careful to do it so handsomly, that at one stroke without
+turning the Port with your stick (which as I have mentioned before is a
+fault) you accomplish your Intention: But on the contrary observe
+
+_10thly_, It is good play to turn the Port with your _Ball_, (not with
+your stick) and so hinder your Adversary from passing: Nor is it amiss,
+to make your Adversary a _Fornicator_ if it lyes in your Power: I mean
+to make him a _Fornicator_ is, having past your self a little way, and
+your Adversaries ball being hardly through the port, you put him back
+again, and it may be quite out of pass, and so you may the sooner
+peradventure gain the end, having the Advantage of passing, by gently
+thrusting the other back again.
+
+_11thly_, Let Policy likewise be a guide to you, for obtaining the
+Conquest, and lying a-loof off, and laying a long Hazard sometimes for
+your Antagonist, will be an excellent way to entice and entrap him; for
+that he promising to himself the good fortune of Hazarding you, will be
+induced rashly to adventure at that distance, and supposing to strike
+your Ball, which cunningly lyes (to tempt him to that Venture) near the
+Hazard, is himself caught in that Trap he thought to throw you into, by
+reason that the distance, deceives his Expectation, and blows up his
+thoughts with fruitless Suppositions.
+
+_12thly_, Let Art likewise teach you Cunning, _i. e._ by lying abscond,
+or at Bo-peep with your Adversary; this is a subtlety which perhaps may
+gain the Advantage of a Pass or Hazard. For I must tell you, in this
+Game, is required much Cunning, and subtle Contrivance, as in any
+Recreation whatever, and therefore when you are to Play with an Expert
+Player, you must muster up all the forces of your Ingenuity and Wit, for
+the vanquishing of your Opponent.
+
+_Lastly_, Observe the Advantages may be gained, and endeavour to get
+them, if they fall within the sphere of your Activity. One of which I
+shall here insert, which is indeed the chief, _viz._ That if your
+Adversary hath not past the Port, and lies up by the King, take the
+Advantage of a Second Pass, endeavour to pass again, which if you
+dextrously perform, and after touch the King, you gain two; but if your
+too great Precipitancy and Inadvertency, or sometimes an unlucky Chance
+hurryes you on to throw down the King, then you loose.
+
+Some instead of a King use a string and Bell, so that after you have
+passed, you need not doubt the end, as being a thing not so ticklish, or
+requiring so much Art as the King does, to be toucht finely and gently
+at a distance, without throwing it down: This alone is to be preferred
+for ingenious Persons, the other for the use only of Bunglers.
+
+
+Thus much shall suffice for Rules for the right Playing at _Billiards_,
+which being a Recreation not Admitting of any further Observations and
+Methods to be made and shewn on it; Let Practice, and the Dictates of
+the ensuing Orders compleat your Perfection in this gentile Game.
+
+
+_ORDERS for Players at the Gentile Game of _Billiards_ to Observe._
+
+I.
+
+If the Leader touch the end of the Table with his Ball, at the first
+stroke, he loseth One.
+
+II.
+
+If the Follower intend to hit his Adversaries Ball, or pass at one
+Stroke, he must string his Ball, that is, Lay it even with the King, or
+he loseth One.
+
+III.
+
+He that Passeth through the Port hath the Advantage of touching the
+King, which is One, if not thrown down.
+
+IV.
+
+He that passeth twice, his Adversary not having passed at all, and
+toucheth the King, without throwing him down, wins two Ends.
+
+V.
+
+He that passeth not hath no other Advantage than the Hazards.
+
+VI.
+
+He that is a Fornicator (that is hath past through the Back of the Port)
+he must pass twice thro the fore-part, or he cannot have the Advantage
+of passing that end.
+
+VII.
+
+He that hits down the Port, or King, Hazards his own Ball, or strikes
+either Ball over the Table, loseth One.
+
+VIII.
+
+He that Hazards his Adversaries Ball, or makes it hit down the King,
+winneth the end.
+
+IX.
+
+If four Play, two against two, he that mistakes his stroke loseth one to
+that side he is of.
+
+X.
+
+He that after both Balls plaid, removes the Port without consent, or
+strikes his Ball twice together, or that his Adversaries Ball touch his
+stick, hand, or Clothes, or playeth his Adversaries Balls, loseth One.
+
+XI.
+
+He that sets not one foot upon the Ground, when he strikes his Ball
+shall lose an end, or if he layes his hand or Sleeve on the Cloth.
+
+XII.
+
+A stander-by, tho he betts shall not instruct, or speak in the Game
+without Consent, or being first asked; If after he is Advertised hereof
+he Offend in this nature, for every fault he shall instantly forfeit
+Two-pence for the good of the Company, or not be suffered to stay in the
+Room.
+
+XIII.
+
+He that Playes a Ball, while the other runs, or takes up a Ball before
+it lies still, loseth an End.
+
+XIV.
+
+He that removes the Port with his stick, when he strikes his Ball, and
+thereby prevents his Adversaries Ball from passing, loseth an end.
+
+XV.
+
+All Controversies are to be decided by the standers-by, upon asking
+Judgment.
+
+XVI.
+
+Whosoever breaks the King forfeits a Shilling, for the Port ten
+Shillings, and each stick Five Shillings.
+
+XVII.
+
+Five ends make a Game by Day-light, and Three by Candle-light.
+
+Many other Orders there are which concern the House, and thither I refer
+you for further Infomation; and here take leave to conclude this my
+_School of Recreation_.
+
+  Utrum horum Mavis accipe, _&c._
+
+
+_FINIS._
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+           *       *       *       *
+
+Some Books Printed for _Henry Rhodes_, near _Bride-Lane_ in
+_Fleet-Street_.
+
+
+The Strange Religions, Customes and Manners of sundry Nations, in
+_Twelves_, price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+The History of the Life and Glorious Reign of Queen _Elizabeth_, the 2d.
+Edition with Additions, by _S. Clark_ in _Twelves_ bound _One Shilling_.
+
+The History of King _Henry_ the eighth and _Edward_ the sixth,
+_Twelves_, Price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+_Coffee-House-Jests_, the third Edition, with Additions, in _Twelves_,
+Price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+The present State of _Turky_, _Twelves_, Price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+The _London Jilt_: Or, The _Politick Whore_, in two parts.
+
+_Witts Cabinet_, Twelves, Price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+Sundery Conversations, _Twelves_.
+
+The great Point of Succession, in _Folio_.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+           *       *       *       *
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Errors Noted by Transcriber:
+
+In several places the first line of a change-ringing chart was damaged
+or missing; since these lines always read “123456” they are not
+separately noted. Brackets in the body of the text are in the original.
+
+  _Infirmity_, _Age_, _Station_, _Degree_, may render
+    [_“may” printed in emphatic type like preceding words_]
+  Give him sharp, as well as gentle, Courses  [“as as well as”]
+  a bag of Chaff, and thresh’d Ears  [“aud”]
+  a-cross these Paths, hollow,  [“Paths ,ollow,”]
+  your Rods about twelve Inches long  [_“a-/about” at line break_]
+  To sharpen your _Hook_, carry a little _Whetstone_.
+    [_“a / a” at line-break]
+  curiously Flourishing their several Orient and bright Colours
+    [“Flourishng”]
+  without breaking or circling the Water
+    [_“the / the” at line-break]
+  Oyl of _Aspray_, _Coculus India_, and _Assa Fœtida_  [“Fætida”]
+  and skilfully argue and dispute its Excellency, _&c.  [, for .]
+  Warm and well lined  [_“and / and” at line-break]
+  whose _Lord Mayor_ annually appears   [“annnally”]
+  This will go a 120 _Changes_, and by making _Bobs_, 240, 360, 720.
+    [_text has “270” for 720_]
+  for the Use _Bells_ in Sacred Offices
+    [_text unchanged: “the Use of Bells”?_]
+  _Colledge Triples_ ... 2415367  [2415357]
+  and 4, 8 for the _Fourth_  [“for for”]
+  Thus much shall suffice for my treating of Ringing  [“Riging”]
+  _i. e._ not striking your Ball cleanly  [“i,e,”]
+  The great Point of Succession, in _Folio_.  [, for .]
+
+Invisible letters:
+
+“Invisible” means that the letter does not appear, but there is an
+appropriately sized blank space.
+
+  _Names_, _Degrees_, _Ages_, and _Seasons_  [_a of “Seasons”_]
+  and the _Lim’d_ straws, lapping under their Wings  [_d of “Lim’d”_]
+  seek _where to find_ that he prepared for  [_w of “where”_]
+  The _greatest Eels_ lurk under Stones  [_g of “greatest”_]
+  At the opening of _Mill-dams_ or _Sluces_  [_l of “Sluces”_]
+  lest you make his Limbs sore  [_e of “lest”_]
+  the general Method of the whole Peal  [_second e of “general”_]
+
+Period (full stop) missing or invisible:
+
+  _Madness._ Lastly, If your Hound be Mad
+  Rub him with a _Brush_ of _Bristles_ over again.
+  Chaffinches_, _Goldfinches_, _Yellow-Hammers_, &c.
+  with _Gray_, or _White Feathers_.
+  render a Practitioner _Excellent_.
+  _Secondly_, Learn to apprehend the Places of the _Notes_.
+
+Missing words or letters supplied from 1696 edition, with supplements
+shown in {braces}; full lines as printed:
+
+  Thus much for their Names, Degrees{,}
+  and Ages: Now let us next obser{ve}
+  their _proper Seasons_ for Hunting.
+    The _Hart_ or _Buck_, beginneth _fift{een}_
+  Days after _Mid-Summer-Day_, and l{ast-}
+  eth till _Holy-Rood-Day_.
+    The _Fox_, from _Christmass_, and l{ast-}
+  eth till the _Annunciation of the bless{ed}
+  Virgin Mary_.
+
+  self all over, but his Nose, keeping the
+  middle, least by touching any Boughe{s}
+  he leave a Scent for the Hounds; And {by}
+  his Crossings and Doublings he will e{n-}
+  deavour to baffle his Pursuers: In th{ese}
+  Cases have regard to your _Old Hou{nds_,}
+  as I said before. When he is _Imbost_ {or}
+  weary, may be known thus: By {his}
+  Creeping into holes, and often lying
+
+  {N}ow for the _Place_ where to find her,
+  {you} must examine and observe the Sea-
+  {sons} of the Year; for in Summer or
+  {Spring} time, you shall find them in
+  {Corn-}fields and open places, not sitting
+  {in Bushes}, for fear of Snakes, Adders,
+  {_&c._} In _Winter_ they love Tuffs of
+  {Tho}rns and Brambles, near Houses:
+  {In} these places you must regard the _Old-
+  ness_ or _Newness_ of her _Forme_ or Seat,
+
+  rected: In any _Cross-Peal_ {the _Whole}
+  Hunt_ may move either up or down at
+
+  _Peal{e}s_, as indeed needless; {and my}
+
+  And thus with little Variatio{n, there}
+
+Missing letters stuck to following page:
+
+  them together to inge{n}der in _January_,
+  _February_, or _March_, as {the} properest
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The School of Recreation (1684 edition), by 
+Robert Howlett
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The School of Recreation (1684 edition), by 
+Robert Howlett
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The School of Recreation (1684 edition)
+       Or, The Gentlemans Tutor, to those Most Ingenious Exercises
+       of Hunting, Racing, Hawking, Riding, Cock-fighting, Fowling,
+       Fishing
+
+Author: Robert Howlett
+
+Release Date: December 9, 2007 [EBook #23776]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SCHOOL OF RECREATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Louise Hope, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note:
+
+This text is intended for users whose text readers cannot use the "real"
+(unicode/utf-8) version. A few letters such as "oe" have been unpacked,
+and curly quotes and apostrophes have been replaced with the simpler]
+
+Words shown in +marks+ were printed in blackletter ("gothic") type.
+Spelling, punctuation and capitalization-- including the variation
+between W and VV-- are as in the original. Errors are listed at the
+end of the text.
+
+The chapter on "Ringing" almost certainly contains undetected
+typographical errors. Readers interested in solid information may
+prefer _Tintinnalogia_ (1671), Project Gutenberg e-text 18567.]
+
+
+
+
+  [Illustration:
+  The School of Recreation.
+  Printed for Henry Rodes near Bride Lane in Fleet Street.]
+
+
+
+
+                      The
+                     SCHOOL
+                       of
+                 +RECREATION:+
+
+                    Or, The
+                  Gentlemans
+                     TUTOR,
+
+                    To those
+            Most Ingenious Exercises
+
+                       of
+
+          Hunting.       } { Fishing.
+          Racing.        } { Shooting.
+          Hawking.       } { Bowling.
+          Riding.        } { Tennis.
+          Cock-Fighting. } { Ringing.
+          Fowling.       } { Billiards.
+
+                    By R. H.
+
+    _London_, Printed for _H. Rodes_,
+    next door to the _Bear-Tavern_
+    near _Bride-Lane_ in _Fleet-Street_, 1684.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE READER.
+
+
+_Man, the Abridgement of the Creation, or the _Compendium_ of all Gods
+Works, having divested himself by Sin of that Original Innocence and
+Angelical State of Life wherein his Creator had placed him, and thereby
+Subjected his collapsed Nature to the Malediction of God, _In the sweat
+of thy Face thou shalt eat thy Bread_, &c. It pleased however the
+Almighty to continue and confirm that Original grand _Charter_ he had at
+first granted him, of being _Lord of the Creatures_: Hereby intimating,
+That tho man is now _Born to Trouble, Labour _and Cares_, as the Sparks
+fly upward_; yet God has not deprived him of any Comfort or Felicity,
+which the Earth or Creatures of it can afford; but has invested him with
+a superior Authority and _Dominion over the Beast of the Feild, the Fowl
+of the Air, and the Fish of the Sea_. Thus it comes to pass, that every
+Creature payes a _Duty and a Subjection_, (as it were) to man, as to
+their _Master_; and notwithstanding the Ferocity and Salvageness of
+their Natures, become tame and submissive to the _Empire_ of Man. They
+court his Favour and mutely supplicate his Friendship and Confederacy,
+for the subduing the Enemies of their several _Species_: They readily
+obey his Precepts, and ravisht with his Service willingly execute his
+Commands. And thus by this prime Priviledg from God, Man is allowed the
+Liberty of subduing the Creature, and recreating his Mind by _Hunting,
+Fowling, Fishing_ and the like; and by observing the Natural _Instincts_
+of every Species, the innate _Enmity and Cunning_ of every Creature, may
+glorify the Immense Wisdom of his Creator._
+
+_And as the Liberty of Recreation in lawful Exercises is thus
+_Naturall_, so is it highly _Necessary_ and Useful too. Recreation keeps
+up the strength and Alacrity of the bodily Forces, without which the
+Soul cannot work: I�mean those brisk and violent Exercises, which the
+Following sheets specifie. They cause the Body to _transpire_ plentiful
+sweats, and exhale those black and fuliginous Vapours which too much
+oppress some men, and remove the Obstructions which hinder the
+Circulation of Nature. _Brisk Exercises_ render a man Active, Vigorous,
+Strong, and Hardy, and attenuate and disperse that _Stagnation_ of
+humors, Benummedness and Dulness, which _Idleness_ contracts: Nay, (as
+one excellently observes) divers bodily Infirmities, Diseases and
+Undecencies are hereby regulated and amended: _Riding_ was used by the
+great _Drusus_ for the Strengthening his weak and small Thighs and Legs;
+and by his late _Majesty_, especially after Dinner; and is also good for
+the Head: _Shooting in a long Bow_ for the Breast and Arms; and helps
+Squinting: _Bowling_ for the Reins, Stone, Gravel, &c._
+
+_Nor are the several other _Games_ commonly practised, less
+_Commendable_, were they used with a _modest_ and _prudent_ Care:
+I�recomend them as useful as the other, were a _right use_ made of them.
+I�would not have them made a _Trade_, instead of a _Divertisement_. But
+especially those that are managed by _Skill_, and not Fortune, may be
+Learned, for these acquaint a man with _Numbring_, and quicken the Fancy
+and Memory, and recreate the Mind._
+
+_And as Recreation is thus natural and necessary, so is it _Commendable_
+too, and recommended by the Practises of all Ages; as well sacred as
+prophane Histories plainly testifying the Truth of it. But I shall not
+trouble you any longer by detaining you at the Door, and enumerating the
+various _Examples_, which may Authorize a vertuous Use of Recreations,
+and apologize for this Work: The severest _Stoick_ being never so cruel
+to himself or Nature, as not to give his mind some _Relaxation_, and
+recreate it in some more pleasant Pathes, than the miry heavy wayes of
+his own sullen and wilful _Resolutions_. Nor do our _Modern Stoicks_,
+tho of the strictest Lives, deny themselves some _Mental_, if not bodily
+Recreations; altho perhaps _Infirmity_, _Age_, _Station_, _Degree_, may
+render their Divertisements the more _private_, yet not totally denyed.
+_Solomon_ had his _Ittan_ for Recreations, as _Josephus_ informes us,
+and the _Heathen_ Sages their _Olympiques_, wherein were exercised,
+_Wrestling_, _Running_ with _Horses_, _Leaping_, _Coursing_ with
+_Chariots_, _Contention of Poets_, _Rhetoricians_, _Disputations of
+Phylosophers_, &c._
+
+_And because _Velle suum cuique_, every Mans Nature claimes a special
+Prerogative, in the electing a Recreation _Suitable_ to it self, one
+thing being very pleasing and delightful to one, and offensive and
+troublesome to another, I�have therefore like the industrious _Bee_
+gathered _Honey_ from various _Flowers_, and according to your _Palate_
+taste and Eat; I�have carefully _Delineated_ and drawn to the Life the
+divers _Figures_ of the several Recreations, and leave you to admire
+that _Peice_ you fancy best; intreating you to put them to the best
+_Use_, not to make them your Trade instead of _Recreation_; in which
+sence I would have you to accept this: And now you may walk in and view
+the Structure._
+
+
+
+
+OF
+
+Hunting.
+
+
+_Hunting_, being a Recreation that challenges the sublime Epithets of
+_Royal_, _Artificial_, _Manly_, and _Warlike_, for its Stateliness,
+Cunning, and Indurance, claims above all other Sports the Precedency;
+and therefore I was induced to place it at the Head to usher in the
+rest; and of which take this concise Definition, _viz._ That since
+Nature has equally imparted unto every Beast a wonderful Knowledge of
+_Offence_ and _Security_, herein we may observe, _The curious Search and
+Conquest of one Creature over another, hurried on by an innate natural
+Antipathy, and performed or wrought by a Distinction of Smells._
+
+And now to come to the Purpose, and the Design of this Tract, briefly to
+inform the young _Hunter_, as yet raw in the true Knowledge of this
+_Royal Sport_, with what is meerly _necessary_ and _useful_, without
+amusing him with _superfluous_ Observations for his Instruction: I�shall
+therefore observe throughout this Treatise this Method: 1.�The several
+_Chases_ or _Games_ which fall under the first Denomination, _Hunting_.
+2.�The genuine or infallible _Rules_ whereby we are to direct our
+selves, for the obtaining the true Pleasure in prosecuting the same, and
+the desired Effects of�it.
+
+Know then; There are five _Beasts of Venery_ or _Forest_, viz. The
+_Hart_, _Hinde_, _Hare_, _Boar_, _Wolf_.
+
+As likewise five Wild Beasts, or _Beasts of Chace_, viz. The _Buck_,
+_Doe_, _Fox_, _Martern_, _Roe_.
+
+The _Beasts of Warren_, are three, _viz._ _Hares_, _Coneys_, _Roes_.
+
+_Note_, The _Hart_ and _Hinde_ before spoken of, though they are of
+_one_ kind, yet, because their _Seasons_ are several, are esteemed
+_distinct_ Beasts; and in the _Hart_ is included the _Stag_, and all
+_red Deer_ of Antlier.
+
+And because I reckon it the most necessary part of the _Hunter_ to
+understand the _Names_, _Degrees_, _Ages_, and _Seasons_ of the
+aforesaid different Beasts of _Forest_ or _Venery_, _Chace_, and
+_Warren_; I�shall therefore, in the next place, present him with these
+following
+
+
+_Beasts of Forrest_, &c.
+
+The _Hart_, the first Year is called a _Hinde-Calf_, 2�A _Knobber_, 3�A
+_Brock_, 4�A _Staggard_, 5�A _Stagg_, 6�A _Hart_.
+
+The _Hinde_, the first Year a _Calf_, 2�A _Hearse_, 3�A _Hinde_.
+
+The _Hare_, the first Year a _Leveret_, 2�A _Hare_, 3�A _Great Hare_.
+
+The _Wild-Boar_ and _Woolf_, being no _English_ Chace, I�omit.
+
+
+_Beasts of Chace._
+
+The _Buck_, the first Year is called a _Fawn_, 2�A _Pricket_, 3�A
+_Sorrel_, 4�A _Sore_, 5�A _Buck of the first Head_, 6�A _Great Buck_.
+
+The _Doe_, the first Year a _Fawn_, 2�A _Teg_, 3�A _Doe_.
+
+The _Fox_, the first Year a _Cub_, 2�A _Fox_.
+
+The _Martern_, the first Year a _Cub_, 2�A _Martern_.
+
+The _Roe_, the first Year a _Kid_, 2�A _Gyrl_, 3�a _Hemuse_, 4�A
+_Roe-Buck of the first Head_, 5�A _Fair Roe-Buck_.
+
+As for the _Beasts of Warren_, the _Hare_ being spoken of before, little
+or nothing is to be said. The _Coney_ is first a _Rabbet_, and then an
+_Old Coney_.
+
+Thus much for their Names, Degrees, and Ages: Now let us next observe
+their _proper Seasons_ for Hunting.
+
+The _Hart_ or _Buck_, beginneth _fifteen_ Days after _Mid-Summer-Day_,
+and lasteth till _Holy-Rood-Day_.
+
+The _Fox_, from _Christmass_, and lasteth till the _Annunciation of the
+blessed Virgin Mary_.
+
+The _Hinde_, or _Doe_, from _Holy-Rood-Day_, till _Candlemas_.
+
+The _Roe-Buck_, from _Easter_, till _Michaelmas_.
+
+The _Roe_, from _Michaelmas_, till _Candlemas_.
+
+The _Hare_, from _Michaelmas_, to the end of _February_.
+
+Thus much I thought fit to speak briefly of the proper _Names_,
+_Degrees_, _Ages_, & _Seasons_ of the several Chaces which we Hunt: But
+having almost forgot some, I�shall insert here, as intending to speak
+somewhat of them, and they are the _Badger_, _Otter_, and _Wild-Goat_;
+the last being a _Welch_-Game: Many more there are which I might here
+enumerate, but being _Forreign_ Chaces, I�omit, as directing my
+Discourse to the _English-Man_.
+
+As for the _Terms of Art_ appropriated to Hunting, as the Huntsmans
+_Dialect_, they are so many and various, that should I go about to note
+them here, it would swell my Treatise to too big a Volume; and therefore
+I refer you to the _Dictionaries_ which speak of them. And now I bring
+you to the second thing I proposed, _viz._ The _Rules And Measures_ we
+are to learn and observe in the aforementioned Sports or Chaces; and in
+this we must begin with the _Pursuers or Conquerors_ of these Chaces,
+namely;
+
+
+_Of Hounds._
+
+There are several kinds of _Hounds_, endued with Qualities suitable to
+the Country where they are bred; and therefore consult his _Country_,
+and you will soon understand his _Nature_ & _Use_: As for instance, The
+_Western_ Counties of _England_, and Wood-land, Mountainous Countries,
+as also _Cheshire_, and _Lancashire_, breed the _slow-Hound_; a�large
+great Dog, tall and heavy. _Worcestershire_, _Bedfordshire_, and many
+other well mixt Soyls, where the Champaign and Covert are equally large,
+produce the _Middle-sized Dog_; of a more nimble Composure than the
+fore-mentioned, and fitter for Chace. _Yorkshire_, _Cumberland_,
+_Northumberland_, and the _North_ parts, breed the Light, Nimble, _swift
+slender Dog_. And our open Champaigns train up excellent _Grey-Hounds_,
+hugely admired for his Swiftness, Strength, and Sagacity. And lastly,
+the _little Beagle_ bred in all Countries, is of exceeding Cunning, and
+curious Scent in Hunting. All these Dogs are highly set by in all remote
+Parts, whose Princes and Lords tenderly cherish them as _Excellencies_,
+and ambitiously sue for as _Rarities_.
+
+For the _Choice_ of Hounds we are to rely much on their _Colours_, and
+accordingly make our Election. The Best and most Beautiful of all for a
+general Kennel, is, The _White Hound_, with black Ears, and a black spot
+at the setting on of the Tail, and is ever found to be both of good
+Scent, and good Condition, and will Hunt any Chace, but especially the
+_Hare_, _Stag_, _Buck_, _Roe_, or _Otter_, not sticking at Woods or
+Waters. The next is, the _Black_, the black-tann'd, or all Liver-hew'd,
+or the milk White Hound, which is the true _Talbot_, is best for the
+_String_, or _Line_, as delighting in Blood; the _Largest_ is the
+comliest and best. The _Grizled_, usually shag-hair'd, are the best
+Verminers, and so fittest for the _Fox_, _Badger_, or other hot Scents;
+a�couple of which let not your Kennel be without, as being exceeding
+good cunning _Finders_.
+
+For the _Shape_ of your _Hound_, you must consult the Climate of his
+Breed, and the natural Composition of his Body; but by these following
+Characters you may know a good _Hound_. If you like a large, _heavy_,
+true _Talbot-like_ Hound, See
+
+His _Head_ be round and thick. _Nose_ short and uprising. _Nostrils_
+wide and large. _Eares_ large and down-hanging. _Upper-Lip-Flews_ lower
+than his Nether Chaps. _Back_ strong and rising. _Fillets_ thick and
+great. _Thighs_ and _Huckle-bones_ round. _Hams_ streight. _Tail_ long
+and rush-grown. The _Hair of his Belly_ hard and stiff. _Legs_ big and
+lean. _Foot_ like a _Fox_'s, well clawd and round. _Sole_ dry and hard.
+All these shew an _able Hound_.
+
+If you would choose a swift _light Hound_, the _Yorkshire_ one in the
+generality will please you; for that (as these have) he ought to have a
+_slenderer_ Head, _longer_ Nose, _shallower_ Ears and Flews, _broad_
+Back, _gaunt_ Belly, _small Tayl_, _long_ Joints, _round_ Foot; and in
+fine of a _Gray-Hound-like_ Make.
+
+Thus much to direct the Choice of _Hounds_; now something ought to be
+spoken of the _Composition of Kennels_, wherein I must appeal to the
+Affection of the Gentleman, the Lover of this Sport, and let him tell me
+the _Reasons_ that induced him to take pleasure in _Hounds_, Whether it
+be he fancies _Cunning in Hunting_? Or _Sweetness_, _Loudness_, or
+_Deepness of Cry_? Or for the _Training his Horses_? Or for the
+_Exercise of his Body_ only?
+
+If for _Cunning_ Hunting; breed your Dogs from the slowest and largest
+of the forementioned _Northern_ Hounds, and the swiftest and slenderest
+of the _West Country_, of both Kinds, approved to be not given to lie
+off, or look for Advantages, but staunch, fair, even-running, and of
+perfect fine Scent. These will make a Horse gallop fast, and not run;
+being middle-siz'd; not too swift as to out-run, or too slow as to lose
+the Scent; are the best for the true Art and Use of Hunting.
+
+If for _Sweetness of Cry_; compound your Kennel of some large Dogs, of
+deep solemn Mouths, and swift in spending, as the _Base_ in the Consort;
+Then twice so many roaring, loud ringing Mouths, as the _Counter-Tenor_:
+And lastly, some hollow plain sweet Mouths, as the _Mean_: So shall your
+Cry be perfect. Observe that this Composition be of the swiftest and
+largest deep Mouth'd Dog, the slowest and middle-siz'd, and the shortest
+Legged slender Dog. For these run even together; and warble forth their
+musical Notes most sweetly.
+
+If for _Loudness of Mouth_, choose the Loud clanging (redoubling as it
+were) Mouth, and to this put the roaring, spending, and Whining Mouth,
+which will be loud, smart, and pleasant: Such are for the most part your
+_Shropshire_, and _Worcestershire_ Dogs.
+
+If (Lastly) for _Deepness of Cry_, the largest Dogs having the greatest
+Mouths, and deepest Flews, are the best; such are your _West-Country_,
+_Cheshire_, and _Lancashire_ Dogs.
+
+But if you have your Kennel for _Training Horses_ only; then compound
+your Kennel of the lightest, nimblest, and swiftest Dogs, such as your
+_Northern_ Hounds are. For the strong and violent Exercises of their
+Horses, through the natural Velocity of their Hounds, in the _North_
+parts, have render'd them famous for Truth and Swiftness above all other
+parts of _England_; though they have not attained this through a better
+Breeding of their Horses than others, but by daily acquainting them with
+the Violence of such Exercises, which made it both familiar and natural
+to them. And _He that doth not train up his Horse so, puts a Cheat upon
+himself_.
+
+Lastly, If for the _Maintenance of your Health_, by preventing
+Infirmities and Grossness of Humours, you compose your Kennel; consult
+first your own _Ability_ for this Exercise; and if you think you are
+able to _foot_ it away, then the _Biggest and slowest Dogs_ you can get
+are best; which you may bring so to your Command, as to make them Hunt
+with no more speed than you please to lead them. And herein you are
+surrounded with a double Delight; to hear their _Musick_, and observe
+their ambitious and eager _Striving to out-go one another_, in the
+Pursuit of their Game, and yet restrained by a submissive Compliance to
+their Masters Pleasure, beyond which they dare not presume to pass. But
+if you would _pad it_ away through an Unability of footing it, Then
+choose the _slowest or middle-sized Hounds_, of good Mouths and Noses,
+for loud Cry, and ready Scent.
+
+Thus far for the Composing a Kennel: I come now to the _Kennel it self_,
+of which I need say little, as indeed unnecessary, leaving that to the
+Discretion of the _Huntsman_; Only I would have him observe, that it be
+built some pretty way distant from the Dwelling-House, in a warm dry
+place, free from Vermine, and near some Pond or River of fresh Water;
+and so placed, that the Morning Sun may shine upon it. Be sure to keep
+it clean, and let them not want fresh Straw every day. Feed them early
+in the Morning at Sun-rising, and at Sun-set in the Evening. As for
+their _Meat_, I�leave to the ingenious Huntsman to get; Only this I must
+tell him, Three Bushels of Oates or Barley-Meal, with the half so much
+Bran or Mill-dust, besides the Horse-Flesh, Scraps, Bones, Crusts, &c.
+which the painful Huntsman can procure, is a fit weekly Proportion to
+keep _nine_ or _ten_ Couple of Hounds. When they come from Hunting,
+after you have fed them well, let them to their Kennel, and wash their
+Feet with Beer and Butter, or some such thing, and pick and search their
+Cleys, for Thorns, Stubs, or the like: If it is in _Winter_, let a fire
+be made, and let them beak and stretch themselves for an hour or so at
+the fire, and suffer them to lick, pick, and trim themselves; hereby to
+prevent the _Diseases_ incident to them, upon sudden Cooling, as the
+_Mange_, _Itch_, _Feavors_, &c. of which I come now to speak.
+
+But before I treat of the keeping your Hounds in Health by curing their
+diseases, I�must speak a Word or two of the way to _Breed good Whelps_,
+viz. Having a Hound and a Bratch of that general Goodness in Size,
+Voice, Speed, Scent, and Proportion you like, put them together to
+ingender in _January_, _February_, or _March_, as the properest Months
+for Hounds, Bitches, and Bratches to be Limed in; because of not _losing
+time_ to enter them. When you put them together, observe, as near as you
+can, if the _Moon_ be in _Aquarius_ or _Gemini_; because the Whelps will
+then never run Mad, and the Litter, will be double as many Dog, as
+Bitch, Whelps. When your Bitch is near her _Whelping_, separate her from
+the other Hounds, and make her a Kennel particularly by her self; and
+see her Kennell'd every Night, that she might be acquainted and
+delighted with it, and so not seek out unwholsom Places; for if you
+remove the Whelps after they are Whelp'd, the Bitch will carry them up
+and down till she come to their first Place of Littering; and that's
+very dangerous. Suffer not your Whelps to Suck above two Months, and
+then _Weane_ them.
+
+When your Whelps are brought up, _enter_ them not into Hunting till they
+are at least a Year and half old: That is, if whelpt in _March_, enter
+them _September_ come Twelve-Month; if in _April_, in _October_ come
+Twelve-months after, _&c._
+
+When you would _enter_ them, bring them abroad, with the most Staunch
+and best Hunting Hounds; (all babling and flying Curs being left at
+home:) and a _Hare being the best entering Chase_, get your _Hare_ ready
+before, and putting her from her Form, view which way she takes, and
+then lay on your Hounds, giving them all the Advantages may be; if she
+is caught, do not suffer them to break her, but immediately taking her,
+strip off her Skin, and cutting her to peices, give every part to your
+young Whelps; and that will beget in them a Delight in Hunting, and
+animate them with Courage. And now let us return to speak of
+
+
+_Diseases incident to Dogs, and their Cures._
+
+Because I should think it a very odd Humor for a Person to select these
+Creatures (Hounds) as instruments for the procurement of his Health
+Satisfaction, and Delight, and should be so inhumane as to suffer them
+to perish in their _Diseases_, because they cannot communicate their
+_Ailings_, and beseech _Redress_; therefore I have briefly summed up the
+immediate _Cures_ for their several Diseases, and by preventing his
+Excuse of _Ignorance_, desire his Application, as need require.
+
+_For Sick Dogs._ Take Sheeps-heads, Wooll and all, hack, hew, and bruise
+them into pieces, make Pottage of it, with Oatmeal, and _Penny-Royal_,
+and give it warm.
+
+_Lice and Fleas._ Boyl four or five handfuls of _Rue_ or _Herb of
+Grace_, in a gallon of running Water, till a pottle be consumed, strain
+it, and put two Ounces of _Staves-acre_ poudered, and bathe them with it
+warm.
+
+_Itch._ Take Oyl of _Flower-de-Lys_, powder of _Brimstone_, & dry'd
+_Elicampane_ Roots, of each a like quantity, and _Bay-Salt_ powdered;
+mix these Powders with the Oyl, and warm it, anoint, scratch, and make
+it bleed, will do well.
+
+_Tetter._ Take Black _Ink_, Juice of _Mint_ & _Vinegar_, of each a like,
+mix them altogether with the Powder of _Brimstone_ to a Salve, and
+Anoint�it.
+
+_Worms._ Give your Hound _Brimstone_ and new Milk, will kill them.
+
+_Gauling._ May _Butter_, yellow _Wax_, and unslackt _Lime_, made to a
+Salve, and Anoint therewith, is a present Remedy.
+
+_Mange._ Take two handfuls of _Wild-Cresses_, of _Elecampane_, of the
+Leaves and Roots of _Roerb_ and _Sorrel_, the like quantity, and two
+pound of the Roots of _Frodels_, Boyl them all well in Lye and Vinegar,
+strain it, and put therein two pound of _Grey soap_, and after 'tis
+melted, rub your Hound with it four or five dayes together; and 'tis an
+excellent Remedy.
+
+_For any Ear Disease._ Mix _Verjuice_ and _Chervile_ Water together, and
+drop into his Eares a spoonful or two, morning and Evening.
+
+_Sore Eyes._ Chew a Leaf or two of _Ground Ivy_, and spit the Juice into
+his Eyes.
+
+_Surbaiting._ Wash his Feet with _Beer_ and _Butter_, and bind young red
+_Nettles_ beaten to a Salve to his Soles.
+
+_Biting by Snake, Adder,_ &c. Beat the herb _Calaminth_ with
+_Turpentine_, and yellow _Wax_ to a Salve, and apply it. To expel the
+inward Poyson, give the said Herb in Milk.
+
+_Biting by a Mad Dog._ Wash the place with _Sea-Water_, or strong
+_Brine_, will Cure him. The quantity of a Hazel-Nut of _Mithridate_,
+dissolved in sweet Wine, will prevent inward Infection.
+
+_Madness._ Lastly, If your Hound be Mad, which you will soon find by his
+separating himself from the rest, throwing his Head into the Wind,
+foaming and slavering at Mouth, snatching at every thing he meets, red
+fiery Eyes, stinking filthy Breath; then to Knock him in the Head, is a
+present Remedy, and you'l prevent infinite Dangers.
+
+And now I proceed to give some brief Instructions for Hunting the
+several _Chases_ used in _England_, for which we have chosen our Hounds;
+I�mean the _Time when?_ and the _Manner how?_
+
+Having your Kennel of Hounds in good order and plight, and being
+desirous to enjoy those Pleasures, for which we have observed the
+aforesaid Rules; Lead them forth, and to your Game (Gentlemen:) Only
+take this _Caution_ along with you; Do not forget to have in your Pack a
+couple of _Hounds_, called _Hunters in the Highwayes_, that will Scent
+upon hard Ground, where we cannot perceive Pricks or Impressions; and
+for your Huntsman's and your own Ease, let a couple of _Old stench
+Hounds_ accompany you, by whose sure Scent, the too great Swiftness of
+the young and unexperienced Ones may be restrained and regulated; and if
+you please, take the following Observations with you, and away.
+
+
+Of _Hart_ or _Stag-Hunting_.
+
+Waving the Praises of this Creature, and the large _Encomiums_ due to
+his several Excellencies, we'll come to the Doctrinal Part, and
+understand the _Age_ of this our Game, which is known by several Marks,
+amongst which this is the most authentick: That if you take his view in
+the ground, and perceive he has a large Foot, a�thick Heel, a�deep
+Print, open Cleft and long space, then be assured he is Old; as the
+Contrary concludes him Young.
+
+But _Where_ and _When_ shall we find him? Examine the following Annual
+or monethly Season-Description, and you shall find him; begining at the
+end of Rutting-time, that is, In
+
+_November_, in Heaths among Furs, Shrubs and Whines.
+
+_December_, in Forrests among thick and strong Woods.
+
+_January_, in Corners of the Forrests, Corn-fields, _Wheat_, _Rye_, &c.
+
+_February_ and _March_, Amongst young and thick Bushes.
+
+_April_ and _May_, in Coppices and Springs.
+
+_June_ and _July_, in Out-Woods and Purlieus nearest the Corn Fields.
+
+_September_ and _October_, After the first showers of Rain, they leave
+their Thickets, and go to Rut, during which time there is no certain
+place to find them�in.
+
+When you have found him in any of these places, be careful to go up the
+Wind; and the best time to find him is _before Sun-rising_, when he goes
+to feed; then watch him to his Leir, and having lodged him, go and
+prepare; if he is not forced, he will not budge till Evening.
+Approaching his Lodging, cast off your _Finders_, who having Hunted him
+a Ring or two, cast in the rest; and being in full Cry and maine Chace,
+Comfort and Cheer them with Horne and Voice. Be sure to take notice of
+him by some _Mark_, and if your Dogs make _Default_, rate them off and
+bring them to the Default back, and make them cast about till they have
+undertaken the first Deer; Then cheer them to the utmost, and so
+continue till they have either set up or slain him. It is the Nature of
+a _Stag_, to seek for one of his kind, when he is Imbost or weary, and
+beating him up, ly down in his place; therefore have a watchful eye unto
+_Change_. As likewise by taking _Soil_ (_i. e._ Water) he will swim a
+River just in the middle down the Stream, covering himself all over, but
+his Nose, keeping the middle, least by touching any Boughes he leave a
+Scent for the Hounds; And by his Crossings and Doublings he will
+endeavour to baffle his Pursuers: In these Cases have regard to your
+_Old Hounds_, as I said before. When he is _Imbost_ or weary, may be
+known thus: By his Creeping into holes, and often lying down, or by his
+running stiff, high and lumpering, slavering and foaming at Mouth,
+shining and blackness of his Hair, and much Sweat; And thus much for
+_Stag_ or _Hart Hunting_. As for the _Buck_ I shall not speak any thing,
+for he that can Hunt a _Stag_ well, cannot fail Hunting a _Buck_ well.
+As likewise for the _Roe-Hunting_, I�refer you to what is spoken of the
+_Hart_ or _Stag_.
+
+
+_Of Hare Hunting._
+
+As for the _Time_, the most proper to begin this Game, note; That about
+the middle of _September_ is best and to end towards the latter end of
+_February_, when surcease, and destroy not the young early Brood of
+_Leverets_; and this season is most agreeable likewise to the nature of
+_Hounds_; moist and cool. Now for the _Place_ where to find her, you
+must examine and observe the Seasons of the Year; for in Summer or
+Spring time, you shall find them in Corn-fields and open places, not
+sitting in Bushes, for fear of Snakes, Adders, _&c._ In _Winter_ they
+love Tuffs of Thorns and Brambles, near Houses: In these places you must
+regard the _Oldness_ or _Newness_ of her _Forme_ or Seat, to prevent
+Labour in Vain: If it be plain and smooth within, and the Pad before it
+flat and worn, and the Prickles so new and perceptible, that the Earth
+seems black, and fresh broken, then assure your self the Forme is new,
+and from thence you may Hunt and recover the _Hare_; if the contrary
+(which narrowly observe) it is Old, and if your _Hounds_ call upon it,
+rate them off; the Scent is Old. When the _Hare_ is started and on Foot,
+step in where you saw her pass, and hollow in your _Hounds_ till they
+have undertaken it, then go on with full Cry. Above all be sure to
+observe her first Doubling, which must be your direction for all that
+day; for all her other after Doublings will be like that. When she is
+thus reduced to the _slights_ and _shifts_ she makes by Doublings and
+Windings, give your Dogs _Time_ and _Place_ enough to cast about your
+Rings, for unwinding the same; and observe her _leaps_ and _skips_
+before she squat, and beat curiously all likely places of Harbour: She
+is soon your Prey now.
+
+
+_Of Coney-Catching._
+
+Their _Seasons_ are alwayes, and the way of taking them thus: Set
+Pursenets on their Holes, and put in a _Ferret_ close muzzled, and she
+will bolt them out (being a natural Enemy to them) into the Nets: Or
+blow on the suddain the Drone of a Bag-Pipe into the Burrows, and they
+will boult out: Or for want of either of these two, take powder of
+_Orpine_ and _Brimstone_ and boult them out with the Smother: But pray
+use this last seldom, unless you would destroy your Warren. But for this
+sport _Hays_ are to be preferred above all.
+
+
+_Of Fox Hunting._
+
+_January_, _February_, and _March_, are the best Seasons for Hunting the
+_Fox_ above ground, the scent being then strong, and the coldest Weather
+for the _Hounds_, and best finding his Earthing. Cast off your sure
+Finders first, and as the _Drag_ mends, more; but not too many at once,
+because of the Variety of Chaces in Woods and Coverts. The night before
+the day of Hunting, when the _Fox_ goes to prey at midnight, find his
+Earths, and stop them with Black Thorns and Earth. To find him draw your
+_Hounds_ about Groves, Thickets, and Bushes near Villages; Pigs and
+Poultrey inviting him to such Places to Lurk in. They make their Earths
+in hard Clay, stony ground, and amongst Roots of Trees; and have but one
+Hole straight and long. He is usually taken, with _Hounds_,
+_Grey-Hounds_, _Terriers_, _Nets_ and _Gins_.
+
+
+_Of Badger-Hunting._
+
+This Creature has several Names, as _Gray_, _Brock_, _Boreson_, or
+_Bauson_; and is hunted thus. First go seek the Earths and Burrows where
+he lieth, and in a clear Moon-shine Night, stop all the Holes but one or
+two, and in these fasten Sacks with drawing strings; and being thus set,
+cast off your _Hounds_ and beat all the Groves, Hedges, and Tuffs within
+a mile or two about, and being alarum'd by the Doggs they will repair to
+their Burrows and Kennells, and running into the Bags are taken. Other
+Methods there are which are used, but the Common usage makes me omit.
+
+
+_Of the Martern or wild-Cat._
+
+These two Chaces are usually hunted in _England_, and are as great
+Infesters of Warrens, as the two last mentioned Vermine, but are not
+purposely to be sought after; unless the Huntsman see their place of
+Prey, and can go to it; and if the _Hound_ chance to cross them, sport
+may be had. But no Rule can be prescribed how to find or hunt them.
+
+
+_Of the Otter._
+
+This Creature useth to lye near Rivers in his Lodging, which he
+cunningly & artificially builds with Boughs, Twiggs and Sticks. A�great
+Devourer of Fish, and eatable in some Countries, where they have _good
+stomacks_. It is a very sagacious and exquisitely smelling Creature, and
+much Cunning and Craft is required to hunt him. But to take him, observe
+this in short: Being provided with _Otter-Spears_ to watch his Vents,
+and good _Otter-Hounds_, beat both sides of the Rivers banks, and you'll
+soon find if there is any. If you find him, and perceive where he swims
+under Water, get to stand before him when he _Vents_, (_i. e._ takes
+breath) and endeavour to strike him with the spear: If you miss him,
+follow him with your Hound, and if they are good for _Otter_, they will
+certainly beat every Tree-root, _Bulrush-Bed_, or _Osier-Bed_, so that
+he cannot escape you.
+
+
+_Of the Wild Goat._
+
+This being a _Welsh-Chace_, I thought it not amiss to say something of
+it, as not altogether Forreign. The _Wild-Goat_ is as bigg and as fleshy
+as a _Hart_, but not so long-legg'd. The best time for hunting them is,
+at _All-hollontide_; and having observed the Advantages of the Coasts,
+Rocks, and places where the _Goats_ lie, set Nets and Toiles towards the
+Rivers and Bottoms; for 'tis not to be imagined, the Doggs can follow
+them down every place of the Mountaines. Stand some on the tops of the
+Rocks, and as Occasion offers throw down Stones; and place your Relays
+at the small Brooks or Waters, where the _Goat_ comes down; but let them
+not tarry till the _Hounds_ come in, that were cast off.
+
+_Thus much for Hunting._
+
+
+
+
+Of Racing.
+
+
+As all _Beasts_ are Subservient to _Man_, and he a Liberty and Power to
+Use them, and make them his Instruments, for the Procurement of his
+_Profit_, or _Pleasure_; so is there not a Creature more Serviceable to
+man in either of these, as the _Horse_. A�_Beast_ Valiant, Strong,
+Nimble and Hardy, the Vivacity of whose Spirits, neither Heat can
+scorch, or dry up, nor Cold benumb or freez; he is Valiant, Watchfull,
+and Laborious, naturally Cleanly, and of exquisite Scent; Gentle and
+Loving to man, docile, and of a retentive Memory, and Apt or Fit for the
+performing any Service wherein man employes him. And for the Use of
+which I am now speaking (_Racing_) he ought to be endued with these
+Qualifications. That he have the _Finest Cleanest Shape_ possible, and
+above all, _Nimble_, _Quick_, and _Fiery_, _apt to Fly with the least
+Motion_; nor is a long Bodied contemptible, it assuring _Speed_, tho it
+signifies _Weakness_ too. The _Arabian_, _Barbary_, or his Bastard, are
+esteemed the best for this Use, these excelling _Jennets_, though they
+are good too.
+
+Having furnished your self with a _Horse_ thus qualified, you are to
+observe his right and due _Ordering_, before your designed _Racing_.
+_Bartholomew-tide_ is the most proper time to _take him from Grass_; the
+day before being Dry, Fair, and Pleasant: That Night let him stand
+conveniently, to empty his Body; the next day _Stable_ him, and feed him
+with _Wheat-straw_ that day, and no longer; lest you exceeding that
+time, it straighten his _Guts_, heat his _Liver_, and hurt his _Blood_;
+for want of _Straw_, Riding him Morning and Evening to _Water_, Airing,
+or other moderate Exercises will serve. Then feed him with good old
+sweet _Hay_, and according to the Season, and Temperature of his Body
+clothe him; for a _Smooth Coat_ shews _Cloth_ enough, and a _Rough Coat_
+want of it. Observe likewise where you _Water_ your _Race-Horse_, that
+it be a Running _Water_, or Clear _Spring_, far distant (a�Mile or more)
+from the _Stable_, adjoyning to some _Levell_; where after he has once
+well drunk, Gallop him, and so _Water_ and _Scope_ him, till that he
+refuse to drink more, for that time; then Walk him gently Home, (being
+an Hour on your way, or more) clothe, and stop him round with soft
+_Whisps_, and let him stand an Hour upon his _Bridle_, and after feed
+him with sweet sound _Oats_, throughly dryed either with _Age_, _Kilne_,
+or _Sun_; if he be low of Flesh, or bad Stomacht, add a third part of
+Clean Old _Beans_, to two parts of _Oats_, or wash his _Oats_ in Strong
+_Beer_ or _Ale_.
+
+For _Dressing_ take these _Rules_. _Dress_ your _Horse_ twice a day,
+before you _Water_ him, both Morning, and Evening, thus: _Curry_ him
+after he is uncloath'd, from his _Ear-tips_ to his _Tayle_, and his
+whole Body intirely (save his Legs under the Knees, and Cambrels) with
+an _Iron Comb_; then Dust him, and Rub him with a _Brush_ of _Bristles_
+over again. Dust him again, and wetting your hand in clean Water, rub
+off all the loose Hairs, and so rub him dry as at first; then with a
+fine _Hair Cloth_ rub him all over; and Lastly, with a fine _Linnen
+Cloth_; and then pick his _Eyes_, _Nostrils_, _Sheath_, _Cods_, _Tuel_,
+and _Feet_, clean.
+
+The best _Food_ for your _Racer_, is good, sweet, well dryed, sunned,
+and beaten _Oats_: Or else _Bread_ made of one part _Beans_, and two
+parts _Wheat_ (_i.�e._) two _Bushells_ of _Wheat_, to one of _Beans_,
+ground together: Boult through a fine _Range_ half a _Bushell_ of fine
+_Meal_, and bake that in two or three _Loaves_ by it self, and with
+_Water_, and good store of _Barme_, knead up, and bake the rest in great
+_Loaves_, having sifted it through a _Meal-sieve_: [But to your _Finer_,
+you would do well to put the _Whites_ of Twenty or Thirty _Eggs_, and
+with the _Barme_ a little _Ale_, 'tis no matter how little _Water_:]
+With the _Courser_ feed him on his Resting dayes, on his Labouring dayes
+with the _Finer_.
+
+The best _Time for feeding_ your _Runner_ on his _Resting-dayes_ is;
+After his _Watering_ in the Morning, at _One_ a Clock at Noon, after his
+_VVatering_ in the Evening, and at _Nine_ or _Ten_ a Clock at Nights: On
+his _Dayes of Labour_, Two Hours after he is throughly Cold, outwardly
+and inwardly, as before.
+
+As for the Proportion of Meat, I shall not confine your Love to a
+Quantity, only give him a little at once, as long as his Appetite is
+Good: When he begins to fumble and play with his Meat, hold your Hand,
+shut up your Sack.
+
+As for his _Exercise_ it ought to be Thrice a Week, as his bodily
+Condition requires; if he be foul, moderate Exercise will break his
+Grease; if clean, then as you judge best, taking heed of breaking his
+Mettle, or discouraging him, or laming his Limbs. Before you air him to
+add to his Wind, it is requisite to give him a raw Egg broken in his
+mouth: If your Horse be very _Fat_, air him before Sun-rising and after
+Sun-set; if _Lean_, deprive him not of the least strength and Comfort of
+the _Sun_ you can devise. To make him _Sweat_ sometimes by coursing him
+in his Cloathes is necessary, if moderate; but without his Cloaths, let
+it be sharp and swift. See that he be _empty before you Course him_; and
+it is wholesome to wash his Tongue and Nostrills with _Vinegar_, or
+_piss_ in his Mouth, before you back him. And after his Exercise, cool
+him before you come home, house, litter and rub him well and dry; then
+cloath him, and give him after every Course a Scouring thus prepared.
+
+
+_For scouring a Race Horse._
+
+Take 20 _Raisins of the Sun_ stoned, 10. _Figgs_ slit in the midst,
+boyle them till they be thick in a Pottle of Fair Water, mix it with
+Powder of _Annis-Seeds_, _Lycoras_, and _Sugar-candy_, till it come to a
+stiff Paste, make them into round Balls, roul them in Butter, and give
+him three or four of them the next morning after his Course, and ride
+him an hour after, and then set him up Warm. Or this may be preferred,
+being both a Purge and a Restorative, a�Cleanser and a Comforter, thus
+prepared.
+
+Take three Ounces of _Annis-Seeds_, six Drams of _Cummin-Seeds_, one
+Dram and half of _Carthamus_, one Ounce and two Drams of
+_Fennugreek-Seed_, one Ounce and half of _Brimstone_; Beat all these to
+a fine Powder, and searse them; then take a Pint and two Ounces of
+_Sallet Oyl_, a�pint and half of _Honey_, and a Pottle of _White-wine_;
+then with a sufficient Quantity of fine white Meal, knead and work all
+well into a stiff Paste; keep it in a clean Cloath, for use. When
+occasion requires, dissolve a Ball of it in a Pail of Water, and after
+Exercise give it him to drink in the Dark, that he may not see the
+Colour, and refuse it: If he does refuse, let Fasting force him to be of
+another mind.
+
+To conclude, those Instructions, which are enumerated by Mr. _Markham_,
+I�will give you in short before you run, and then away as fast as you
+can.
+
+_Course not your Horse hard four or five dayes before your Match, lest
+you make his Limbs sore, and abate his Speed._
+
+_Muzzle him not (except a foul Feeder) above two or three Nights before
+the Race, and the Night before his bloody Courses._
+
+_Give him sharp, as well as gentle, Courses on the Race he is to run._
+
+_Shoe him a day before you run him._
+
+_Let him be empty on the Match Day._
+
+_Saddle him in the Stable, and fix to him the Girths and Pannel with
+Shoo-makers Wax._
+
+_Lead him with all Gentleness to his Course, and let him smell other
+Horses Dung to provoke him to stale_, &c.
+
+And Lastly, Being come to the starting place rub him well, uncloath him,
+then take his Back, and the Word given, with all Gentleness and
+Quietness possible, start and away; _And God speed you well_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Hawking,
+
+
+I shall not insist on any large _Encomiums_ of this Recreation, only
+that it is a most _Princely and serious Pleasure_; nor shall I amuse you
+with subtle and nice _Distinctions_, and things no way material; But
+will inform you with what is meerly necessary for the right
+_Understanding and Use_ of this Noble Art. I�shall begin then with
+_Hawks_, their _Names_ and _Flights_.
+
+
+_Of Hawks there are two sorts._
+
+The Long-Winged Hawks.
+
+  _Faulcon_ and _Tiercle-gentle_.
+  _Gerfaulcon_ and _Jerkin_.
+  _Saker_ and _Sakaret_.
+  _Lanner_ and _Lanneret_.
+  _Barbary Faulcon._
+  _Merlin_ and _Jack_.
+  _Hobby_ and _Jack_.
+
+The Short-Winged Hawks.
+
+  _Eagle_ and _Iron_.
+  _Goshawk_ and _Tiercel_.
+  _Sparrow-Hawk_ and _Musket_.
+
+There are others too of inferiour sort as,
+
+  _Ring-Tail._
+  _Raven_ and _Buzzard_.
+  _Forked Kite._
+  _Hen-driver_, &c.
+
+And as the _Age_ of these _Hawks_ is, so we name them, as
+
+  The First Year a _Soarage_.
+  The Second Year an _Intermewer_.
+  The Third Year a _White Hawk_.
+  The Fourth Year a _Hawk of the First Coat_.
+
+Thus much for their _Names_, now we come to speak of the _Flights_ of
+these _Hawks_; which are these
+
+  The _Faulcon-Gentle_, for _Partridge_ or _Mallard_.
+  _Gerfaulcon_, will fly at the _Herne_.
+  _Saker_, at the _Crane_ or _Bittern_.
+  _Lanner_, at the _Partridge_, _Pheasant_ or _Choofe_.
+  _Barbary-Faulcon_, at the _Partridge_ only.
+  _Merlin_ and _Hobby_, at the _Lark_, or any small Bird.
+  _Goshawk_ and _Tiercel_, at the _Partridge_, or _Hare_.
+  _Sparrow-Hawk_, at the _Partridge_ or _Black-Bird_. And the
+  _Musket_, at the _Bush_.
+
+Thus much for their several proper _Flights_, we are now come to their
+_Manning_, the Method of which being generally one and the same (though
+it has been the Labour of some to spend much Time, and many Words in
+treating of the various wayes of _Manning Hawks_, and yet comes all to
+one effect) I�shall in short (according to the Design of this _Epitome_)
+lay down this Rule: That you watch, and keep them from Sleep,
+continually carrying them upon your _Fist_, familiarly stroak them with
+a Wing of some Dead _Fowle_, or the like, and play with them; Accustome
+to gaze, and look in their Face with a Loving, Smiling, Gentle
+Countenance; and that will make her acquainted, and familiar with Man.
+
+Having made them familiar, the next thing is to _Bring them to the
+Lure_, (which the _Faulconer_ makes of _Feathers_, and _Leather_ much
+like a _Fowle_, which he casts into the Air, and calls the _Hawk_ to)
+which is after this manner. Set your _Hawk_ on the _Perch_, unhood her,
+and shew her some _Meat_ within your _Fist_, call her by _Chirping_,
+_Whistling_ or the like, till she comes, then Feed her with it; if she
+comes not, let her Fast, and be sharp set: _Short-winged Hawks_, are
+properly said to be _Called_, not _Lured_. Make her bold, and acquainted
+with _Men_, _Dogs_, and _Horses_, and let her be eager and sharp-set,
+before you shew her the _Lure_; knowing her _Luring_ Hours; and let both
+sides of the _Lure_ be garnished with warm, and bloody _Meat_; let her
+likewise know your _Voice_ well; so that being well acquainted with
+_Voice_, and _Lure_, the Hearing of the one, or Sight of the other,
+makes her Obedient; which you must reward by _Feeding_, or punish by
+_Fasting_. But before _Luring_ (or any _Flight_) it is requisite to
+_Bathe_ your _Hawk_ in some quiet and still shallow _Brook_, or for want
+of that in a Large _Bason_, shallow _Tub_, or the like, lest being at
+Liberty, you lose your _Hawk_, (whose Nature requires such Bathing) and
+make her rangle. Now to make her know her _Lure_, is thus: Give your
+_Hawk_ to another, and having loosned in readiness her Hood-strings, and
+fastened a _Pullet_ to the _Lure_, go a little distance, cast it half
+the length of the string about your Head, still _Luring_ with your
+Voice, unhood your _Hawk_, and throw it a little way from her: If she
+stoop and seize, let her plume the _Pullet_, and feed on it upon the
+_Lure_: Then take her and Meat on your Fist, Hood her, and give her the
+Tiring of the Wing, or Foot of the said _Pullet_.
+
+Having _Manned_ and _Lured_ your _Hawk_, before you bring her to her
+_Flight_, one thing is to be observed and done, called in the
+_Faulconers Dialect_, _Enseaming_, which is to cleanse her from _Fat_,
+_Grease_, & _Glut_, known by her round _Thighs_, and full _Meutings_;
+and thus you may do it: In the Morning when you feed her, give her a bit
+or two of _Hot-meat_, and at Night very little or nothing. Then feed her
+Morning and Evening with a _Rook_, wash'd twice till the Pinions be
+tender; then give a Casting of Feathers as her Nature will bear; and
+once in two or three dayes give her a _Hens-neck_ well joynted and
+washt: Then a quick train _Pigeon_ every Morning; and after by these and
+her own Exercise, she has broken and dissolved the _Grease_, give her
+three or Four _Pellets_ of the Root of _Sellandine_, as bigg as a
+_Garden Pease_, steept in the Sirrup of _Roses_; and you have done this
+part of your Duty.
+
+To _Enter_ your _Hawks_, for _Partridge_ or _Fowle_, observe this. Lay
+an Old Feild-_Partridge_ in a Hole, covered with something, and fasten
+to it a small _Creance_ (_i. e._ a Fine small long Line of strong and
+even-wound Packthread fastned to the _Hawks_ Leash when first Lured,)
+and uncoupling your ranging _Spaniels_, pluck off the Covering of the
+Traine _Partridge_ and let it go, and the _Hawk_ after it; and as soon
+as she has slain it, reward her well with it. And thus to make her fly
+at _Fowle_, feed her well with the _Traine_ of the Fowle you would have;
+doing afterwards as above.
+
+The _Faults_ of _Hawks_ differ according to their Nature and Make:
+_Long-winged Hawks_ faults are thus helped. If she used _to take stand_,
+flying at the River, or in Champain Feilds, shun flying near Trees or
+Covert; or otherwise, let several Persons have _Trains_, and as she
+offers to stand, let him that's next her cast out his Traine, and she
+killing it reward her. And indeed you ought never to be without some
+live Bird or Fowle in your Bag, as _Pigeon_, _Duck_, _Mallard_, &c. If
+she be _Froward_ and _Coy_; when she Kills, reward her not as usually,
+but slide some other meat under her, and let her take her pleasure on
+it; giving her some Feathers to make her scoure and cast. If she be
+_Wild_, _look not inward_, but mind _Check_, (_i. e._ other Game, as
+_Crows_, &c. that fly cross her) then lure her back, and stooping to it,
+reward her presently.
+
+The faults of _Short-Winged Hawks_ thus are helped. Sometimes the
+_Goshawk_ and _Sparrow-Hawks_, will neither kill, nor _Fly_ the Game to
+_Mark_, but will turn _Taile_ to it: Then encourage your Dogs to Hunt,
+cast a Traine _Partridge_ before your _Hawk_, make her seize it, and
+feed well upon�it.
+
+If a _Hawk take a Tree_, and will not fly at all, feed her then upon
+quick Birds, and make her foot them, and in the plain Champaign Feilds
+unhood her, and riding up and down a while let one cast out a
+Feild-_Partridge_ before her, let her fly at it, and footing it feed on
+it. If they be _too fond of Man_, that after a stroke or two will not
+fly, be seldom familiar with her, and reward her not as she comes so
+improperly: Otherwise reward her well.
+
+As for _Mewing of Hawks_, the best time for _Long-winged Hawks_ is about
+the middle of _April_, and _March_ for the _Short-Winged Hawks_. There
+are two kinds of Mewings. 1.�_At the stock or stone_; so called from its
+being low upon the ground, free from Noise, Vermin or ill Air. 2.�_At
+large_; so called from being in a high Room, with open Windows towards
+the _North_ or _North-East_. The former is accounted the best Mewing.
+I�shall not insist on the erecting or ordering of this Mew, leaving that
+to the Discretion of the Faulconer; only before he mews his _Hawk_, see
+if they have _Lice_, to pepper and scowre them too. The best _time to
+draw _the Field_-Hawk from the Mew_, is in _June_, and she will be ready
+to fly in _August_; the Hawks for the River in _August_, will be ready
+in _September_. And because _Hawks_ are subject to divers Infirmities
+and Diseases, I shall prescribe some Remedies, and so Conclude.
+
+
+_Cures for Hawks Diseases._
+
+The good Faulconer ought diligently to observe the Complexions of his
+_Hawks Castings_ and _Mewtings_, to judge of their Maladies, and is
+prescribed by some as an excellent way; and is indeed so; but an assured
+sign of knowing whether they are sick or distempered is this. Take your
+_Hawk_, turning up her Train, if you see her Tuel or Fundiment swelleth,
+or looketh red; Or, if her Eyes or Eares be of a fiery Complexion, it is
+an infallible sign of her being not well and in good health; and then
+Scouring is necessary first; which is done by the most Soveraign _Aloes
+Cicatrine_, about the quantity of a Bean, wrapt up in her Meat; and this
+avoids Grease, and kills Wormes too.
+
+_For the Cataract_: Take one Scruple of washt _Aloes_ finely beaten, and
+two Scruples of _Sugar-candy_, mix these together, and with a Quil blow
+it three or four times a day into your _Hawks_ Eye.
+
+_Pantus_ or _Asthma_: Pour the Oyl of sweet _Almonds_ into a Chickens
+Gutt, well washt, and give it the _Hawk_: Or, scower her with
+_Sellandine_-Pellets, and Oyle of _Roses_, and then wash her meat in the
+Decoction of _Coltsfoot_.
+
+_Filanders_ or _Wormes_: To prevent them, seeing your Hawk low and poor,
+give her once a month a Clove of _Garlick_. To cure or kill them; take
+half a dozen Cloves of _Garlick_, boyle them very tender in _Milk_, then
+take them and dry the Milk out of them; put them into a spoonful of the
+best _Oyle of Olives_, and having steept them all Night, give them both
+to your Hawk, when she has cast, in the morning; feed her not til two
+hours after, and then with warm Meat, and keep her warm all that day.
+
+_Lice_: Mail your Hawk in some Woollen Cloath, put between her Head and
+Hood a little Wool, and take a Pipe of _Tobacco_, put the little end in
+at the Tream, blow the smoak, and the Lice that escape Killing, will
+creep into the Cloth: _Probatum_.
+
+_Formica_: Take a little of the Gall of a _Bull_, and beating it with
+_Aloes_, anoint the Beak of the Hawk, Morning and Evening.
+
+_Frounce_: Take the Powder of _Allume_, reduced to a Salve with strong
+Wine Vinegar, and wash her mouth with it; then take the Juice of
+_Lollium_ and _Raddish_, mixt with Salt, and anoint the Sore.
+
+_Apoplex_: Gather the Herb _Asterion_ (the Moon being in the Waine and
+in the Sign _Virgo_) wash your Hawks meat with the Juice thereof when
+you feed her, is Soveraign.
+
+_Wounds_: Take the Juice of _English Tobacco_, or _Mouse-eare_, after
+you have sticht it up, with a little Lint, bathe the place is highly
+approved.
+
+Many other Diseases there are, which others have largely treatad of, and
+to whom I refer you in case of some Diseases, which may occur; and here
+take leave to conclude this my discourse of Hawking:
+
+
+
+
+Of Riding,
+
+
+This Noble Art being rightly and throughly learnt, qualifies a Gentleman
+for the three preceding Sports, and is for that Reason placed here, as a
+necessary Attendant of them. And here we must first examine the Ends &
+Design of our proposing this Art to our selves, & accordingly lay down
+as briefly as may be the necessary Rules and Lessons are to be observed
+and learnt, for the obtaining and prosecuting the same, and I take these
+to be the usual Perfections we aime at, _To Ride well the great _Horse_,
+for the Warrs or Service, and the _Horse_ for Pleasure_; of both which
+as concisely as I can, in their Order.
+
+As a _Preface_ to this, we must begin with _Taming a young Colt_. After
+you have kept your Colt at home some time, and made him so Familiar with
+you, as to suffer _Combing_, _Currying_, _Handling_, and _Stroaking_ any
+part, 'tis high time then to offer him the Saddle, which you must lay in
+the _Manger_ first, that by its smell, he may not be afraid of it, or
+the _Styrrups_ Noise. Then gently saddling him (after his dressing) take
+a sweet _Watring Trench_, anointed with Honey and Salt, and place it in
+his Mouth so, that it may hang directly over his _Tush_; then lead him
+abroad in your hand, and Water him; and after he has stood an hour
+rein'd thus, take off his Bridle and Saddle, and let him feed till
+Evening; Then do as in the morning; then dress and Cloath him, having
+_Cherisht_ him before, _i. e._ By the _Voice_ delivered smoothly and
+gently; or by the _Hand_ by gently stroaking and clapping him on the
+neck, or buttock; or lastly by the _Rod_, by rubbing it on his Withers
+or Main.
+
+On the next day as before; and after that, put him on a strong
+_Musrole_, or sharp _Cavezan_, and _Martingale_; which is the best guide
+to a Horse for setting his Head in due place, forming the Rein, and
+appearing Gracefull and Comely; it corrects the yerking out his Head, or
+Nose, and prevents his running away with his Rider. Observe therefore to
+place it right, that it be not buckled straight, but loose, and so low,
+that it rest on the tender Grissle of his Nose, to make him the more
+sensible of his Fault, and Correction; and so as you see you win his
+Head, bring him straighter by degrees; let him but gently feel it, till
+his Head be brought to its true Perfection.
+
+Having observed this well, lead him forth into some soft or new Plowed
+Land, and to take off his wanton knavish Tricks, trot him about in your
+hand a good while: Then offer to Mount; if he refuse to suffer you, Trot
+him again; then putting your foot into the _Styrrop_, mount half way; if
+he takes it impatient, correct him, and about again; if not cherish him,
+and place your self a moment in the Saddle, dismount, cherish, and feed
+him with _Grass_, or _Bread_: All things being well, remount, even in
+the Saddle, keeping your Rod from his Eye; then let one lead him by the
+_Chaff-Halter_, and ever and a-non make him stand, and cherish him, till
+he will of his one accord go forward; then come home, alight gently, and
+do a good Horsemans Duty, _To dress and feed him well_. This Course in
+few dayes will bring him to Trot, by following some other Horseman, stop
+him now and then gently, and forward; not forgetting seasonable
+_Cherishings_ and _Corrections_, by _Voice_, _Bridle_, _Rod_, _Spurs_.
+
+Being thus brought to some certainty of _Reine_, and _Trotting_
+forth-right, then to the _Treading forth of the large Rings_. And here
+first examine your Horses Nature, before you choose your Ground, for, if
+his Nature be dull and sloathful, yet strong, then _New-plow'd-Field_ is
+best; if _Active_, _Quick_, and _Fiery_, then _Sandy-ground_ is to be
+preferred; in the most proper of which mark out a large Ring, of a
+Hundred Paces circumference. Now then walk about it on the right seven
+or eight times, then by a little straightning your right Rein, and
+laying your left Leg Calf to his side, make a half Circle within the
+Ring upon your right down to its Center; then by straightning a little
+your left Rein, and laying your right Leg Calf to his side, make a half
+Circle to your left hand, from the Center to the outmost Verge, and
+these you see contrary turned make a Roman�S. Now to your first large
+Compass, walk him about on your left hand, as oft as before on the
+right, and change to your right within your Ring; then Trot him first on
+the right-hand, then on the left, as long as you judge fit, and as often
+Mornings, and Evenings as the Nature of your Horse shall require. In the
+same manner you may make him to _Gallop_ the same Rings, though you must
+not enter it all at once, but by degrees, first a Quarter, then a
+Half-quarter; and the Lightness and Cheerfulness of your Body, not the
+Spur, must induce him to�it.
+
+The next Lesson is to _Stop Fair, Comely, and without Danger_. First see
+that the Ground be hard and firm, then having cherisht your Horse, bring
+him to a swift Trot, about Fifty Paces, and then straightly and suddenly
+draw in your Bridle hand; then ease a little your hand to make him give
+backward, and in so doing, give him liberty, and cherish him; then
+drawing in your Bridle hand, make him retire, and go back; if he strike,
+ease your hand; if he refuse, let some by-stander put him back, that he
+may learn your intention; and thus he may Learn these Two Lessons at
+once.
+
+_To Advance before_, when he stoppeth, is thus taught: When you stop
+your Horse, without easing your hand, lay close and hard to his sides
+both the Calves of your Legs, and shaking your Rod cry, _Up, Up_; which
+he will understand by frequent Repetition, and Practice: This is a
+Gracefull, and Comely Motion, makes a Horse Agile, and Nimble, and ready
+to Turn; and therefore be carefull in it: That he take up his Legs
+_Even_ together, and bending to his Body; not too high, for fear of his
+coming over; not sprawling, or pawing; or for his own pleasure; in these
+faults correct him with Spur and Rod.
+
+To _Yerk out behind_ is the next Lesson, thus learnt: Presently upon
+your making him stop, give him a good brisk jerk near his Flank, which
+will make him soon understand you. When he does it, cherish him; and see
+he does it comely, for to yerk out his hinder Legs, till his Forelegs be
+above ground, is not graceful; or one Leg yerk't further out than the
+other; or one Leg out while the other is on the ground; in this case a
+single Spur on the faulty side is best. But to help him in Yerking,
+staying his mouth on the Bridle, striking your Rod under his belly,
+or touching him on the Rump with it, are reckoned necessary.
+
+To _Turn readily on both hands_, thus: Bring his large Rings narrower,
+& therein gently walk him, till acquainted. Then carry your Bridle-hand
+steady and straight, the outmost rather straighter then the inmost Rein,
+to look from, rather than to the Ring; Trot him thus about, on one side
+and the other successively, as aforesaid. After some time stop, and make
+him advance twice or more, and retire in an even Line; then stop and
+cherish him. To it again, after the same manner, making him lap his
+outmost Leg above a foot over his inner. And thus the _Terra a Terra_,
+_Incavalere_ & _Chambletta_, are all taught together. Perfect your Horse
+in the large Ring, and the straight Ring is easily learnt.
+
+Your Horse being brought thus far to perfection, with the _Musrole_ and
+_Trench_, now let a gentle _Cavezan_ take their place; with a smooth
+Cannon-Bit in his Mouth, & a�plain watering Chain, Cheek large, and the
+Kirble thick, round and big, loosely hanging on his nether Lip; and thus
+mount him, and perfect your Horse with the _Bit_ in all the 'foresaid
+Lessons, as you did with the _Snaffle_; which indeed is the easier to be
+done of the two.
+
+To teach your Horse _To go aside_, as a necessary Motion for shunning a
+blow from an Enemy, is thus: Draw up your Bridle-hand somewhat straight,
+and if you would have him go on the Right, lay your left Rein close to
+his Neck, and your left Calf likewise close to his side (as in the
+_Incavalere_ before) making him lap his left Leg over his Right; then
+turning your Rod backward, jerking him on the left hinder Thigh gently,
+make him to bring to the right side his Hinder parts, and stand as at
+first in an even direct Line: Then make him remove his Fore parts more,
+that he may stand as it were Cross over the even Line, and then bring
+his hinder parts after, and stand in an even Line again. And thus you
+must do, if you would have him go on the Left hand, using your
+Corrections & Cherishings on the right. Use it, and you may be sure of
+Perfection.
+
+As for the _Manages_, somewhat have bin spoken of them, there being but
+two (among many) useful call'd _Terra a Terra & Incavalere_ before
+treated of; & for the _Carreere_, only take this: Let it not extend in
+length above six-score yards, give your Horse warning before you start
+him by the Bridle hand, and running full speed, stop him suddenly, firme
+and close on his Buttock.
+
+For the _Horse of Pleasure_, these following Lessons are to be learnt.
+As first to _Bound aloft_, to do which: Trot him some sixteen yards,
+then stop, and make him twice advance; then straighten your Bridle-hand;
+then clap briskly both your Spurs even together to him, and he will
+rise, though it may at first amaze him; if he does it, cherish him, and
+repeat it often every day, till perfect.
+
+Next to _Corvet_ and _Capriole_ are Motions of the same nature, and in
+short are thus taught. Hollow the ground between two joyning Walls a
+Horses Length, by the side of which put a strong smooth Post of the same
+length from the Wall, and fasten at the Wall an Iron Ring over against
+the Post: Thus done, ride into the hollow place, and fasten one of the
+_Cavezan-Reins_ to the Post, and the other to the Ring; then cherish
+him, and by the help of the Calves of your Legs, make him advance two or
+three times; then pause, and Cherish him; make him advance again a dozen
+times more, and then rest; double your Advancings, and repeat them till
+it becomes habitual to him, to keep his _Ground_ certain, advance of an
+_equall height_ before and behind, and observe a _due Time_ with the
+motions of your Leggs. The Inequality of his advancing his hinder Legs,
+is helpt by a Jerk on the Fillets by some body behind him with a Rod.
+
+The laborious Motion of _going sideways_, being fitter for the
+War-Horse, than the Horse for Pleasure, usefull for the avoiding a Blow
+may come from an Enemy, I�omit here, refering you to that.
+
+Thus much for those material Lessons which the Rider ought to teach his
+Horse for _War_ or _Pleasure_, and therefore I shall conclude this Head,
+with this _Caveat_, _That in whatever Lesson your Horse is most
+imperfect, begin and end with_; and remember, that _Exercise_ makes
+things as it were natural; when _Desuetude_ is the forerunner of
+Forgetfulness, and _Ignorance_ the Consequent of Both.
+
+
+
+OF
+
+Cock-fighting
+
+
+I shall not enlarge on the praises of this Recreation, its _Nobleness_,
+_Delight_, and _Simplicity_, devoyd of Cheat or Deceit, but what is most
+material to our purpose succinctly declare. And herein let us first
+observe the _Choice_ of a _Cock_ of the Game, directed by these four
+Characters following: That he be
+
+1. Of a strong _Shape_, proud and upright, and for this the
+_Middle-sized_, neither too small or too large, is best, because most
+matchable, strong and nimble. His _Head_ small like a _Spar-Hawks_; his
+_Eye_ large and quick; _Back_ strong, crook't at the setting on, and
+coloured as the Plume of his Feathers; The _Beam of his Leg_ very
+strong, and colour'd as his Plume; _Spurs_ long, rough, and sharp,
+hooking inward.
+
+2. Of a good _Colour_, and herein the Gray, Yellow, or Red Pyle, with a
+black Breast, are to be preferred; the Pyde rarely good, and the White
+and Dun never. A�Scarlet Head is a demonstration of Courage, but a Pale
+and wan of Faintness.
+
+3. Of _Courage_ true, which you shall observe by his proud, stately,
+upright Standing and Walking, and his frequent Crowing in his Pen.
+
+4. Of a _Sharp and ready Heel_, which is (in the Opinion of the best
+_Cock-Masters_,) of high Estimation; a�_Sharp-heel'd Cock, tho somewhat
+false, is better_ (as dispatching his business soonest) _than a true
+Cock with a dull Heel_. Enfine choose your _Cock_ endued with all these
+Qualifications together above mentioned.
+
+For _Breeding_ good Cocks for the Game, or Battel, the best season is
+from the Moon's Encrease in _February_, to her Encrease in _March_. The
+_March_ Bird is best. And now first get a _perfect Cock, to a perfect
+Hen_, as the best Breeding, and see the Hen be of an excellent
+Complexion (_i.�e._) rightly plumed, as black, brown, speckt, grey,
+grissel, or yellowish; tufted on her Crowne, large bodied, well poked,
+and having Weapons, are Demonstrations of Excellency and Courage.
+Observe further her Comportment, if friendly to her Chickens, and
+revengeful of Injuries from other Hens. _Fortes creantur a Fortibus._
+
+Having placed her _Nest_, private from other Fowles disturbance, and
+warme, observe your Hen in sitting, if she be busie in turning her Eggs;
+if remiss, to help her. Set by her Sand, Gravel, Water and necessary
+food, to prevent her Straggling.
+
+After one and twenty dayes observe her _Hatching_, to take the newly
+hatcht Chickens, and wrap them in Wool and keep them warm by the fire
+till all be disclosed; then put them all under her, and let her keep
+them warm, and let none of them straggle abroad till they are three
+Weeks, or a Month old; and then let them run in some Grass-plat, or
+green Court, to pick Wormes, Grass and Chick-weed, to feed and scour
+themselves; but let them not ramble near Puddles, or filthy Channels;
+and to prevent any malady, a�few Leek-blades minc'd small amongst their
+Meat is good.
+
+When they are grown so, as that their Sexes may be distinguish't, assoon
+as the _Comb_ or _Wattles_ but appear, cut them away, and anoint the
+Sore with sweet _Butter_, till whole. This early cutting them, is highly
+necessary to prevent Flux of Blood, (which is dangerous in doing it
+later) and Gouty thick Heads.
+
+When the _Cock_, and _Hen-Chickens_, (going till now promiscuously one
+with another) begin to quarrel and peck each other, part them and
+separate their _Walks_: And the best for a _Fighting-Cock_, are private
+and undisturbed _Walks_, as, _Wind-mills_, _Water-mills_,
+_Grange-houses_, _Park-lodges_, &c. and their _Feeding-place_ on soft
+Ground, or Boards; and have for his Meat, _White Corn_, or _White-bread
+Tosts_, steept in _Drink_, or _Urine_, is good, both to Scowre, and Cool
+them. And do not debilitate and debauch his Courage and Strength, by
+having too many _Hens_ to walk with; Three _Hens_ are enough for one
+_Cock_.
+
+If before they be Six Months Old any of your _Chickens_ _Crow_ clear and
+loud, and unseasonable, then to the _Pot_ or _Spit_ with them, they are
+_Cowards_; the true _Cock_ is long ere he gets his Voice, and when he
+has gotten it, keeps good and judicious _Time_ in Crowing.
+
+Next observe your _Roosting-Perch_, for this makes or marrs a _Cock_;
+for forming of which, consult the best _Cock-Masters_ Feeding-Pens, and
+the Perches there, and accordingly proportion your own, therefore I
+shall not propose any form here; Only pray take care that the ground
+underneath the Perch be soft, for if the ground be rough and hard, in
+leaping down he will hurt his _Feet_, and make them Gouty and Knotty.
+
+For the _Dieting_, and _Ordering_ of your _Cock_ for _Battle_, observe
+these Rules. Let your _Cock_ be full two years Old, then in the latter
+end of _August_, take up and _Pen_ him, (it being now _Cocking-time_
+till the end of _May_) and see that he be sound, hard-feather'd, and
+full summed. As to the moving _Perch_, and _Pen_, take my foregoing
+Advice.
+
+The first four dayes after _Penning_; Feed him with the Crumb of Old
+_Manchet_ cut into square bits, thrice a day, and with the Coldest, and
+Sweetest Spring-water that can be had. And after you think by this time
+he is throughly purged of his _Corne_, _Wormes_, _Gravel_, and other
+course Feeding, take him in the Morning out of the _Pen_, and let him
+_Sparr_ with another _Cock_ some time to heat and chafe their Bodies,
+break Fat and Glut, and fit them for Purgation; first having covered
+their Spurs with Hots of Leather, to hinder their Wounding and drawing
+Blood of one another.
+
+After they have sufficiently _Sparred_, that they pant again, take them
+up, and remove their Hots, and prepare them for a Diaphoretick or
+Sweating Bout thus: Take _Butter_, and _Rosemary_ finely chopt, and
+_White-Sugar-candy_, mixt together; and give them the quantity of a
+_Wallnut_; which will scower, strengthen, and prolong Breath: Then
+having (purposely) deep _Straw Baskets_, fill them half way with
+_Straw_, put in your _Cock_, and cover him with _Straw_ to the top; lay
+the lid close, and let him stove till the Evening. At Five a Clock take
+him out, and lick his Head and Eyes with your Tongue, then Pen him, and
+fill his _Trough_ with _Manchet_ (as above) and hot _Urine_.
+
+After this, let his _Diet_ be of _Bread_ thus made: Take a _Gallon_ of
+_Wheat_, and _Oat-meal-flower_, and with _Ale_, half a score _Whites_ of
+_Eggs_, and _Butter_, work it into a stiff _Paste_; bake it into broad
+_Cakes_, and when four dayes Old, cut it into square Bits, as abovesaid.
+
+The second day after _Sparring_, bring your _Cock_ into a _Green Close_,
+and shew him in your Arms a _Dung-hill-Cock_, then run from him, and
+allure him thus to follow, suffering him now and then to strike the
+_Dunghill-Cock_, and so Chase him up and down for half an Hour, till he
+pants again; and thus heated, carry him home, and scower him with half a
+Pound of _Fresh-Butter_, beaten with the _Leaves_ of the _Herb_ of
+_Grace_, _Hysop_, and _Rosemary_, to the consistence of a _Salve_, and
+give him the quantity of a _VVallnut_, then _Stove_, and _Feed_ him as
+above. And thus for the first _Fortnight_, _Spar_ or _Chase_ him every
+other day.
+
+The second _Fortnight_, twice a Week will be enough to _Chase_ or _Spar_
+your _Cock_: Observing, that you _Stove_ and _Scower_ him,
+proportionable to his Heating.
+
+The Third and Last _Fortnight_ (for Six Weeks is long enough) _Feed_
+him as before, but do not _Spar_ him, but Chase him moderately twice,
+or thrice, as before; then roll his aforesaid scowring in
+_Brown-Sugar-candy_, to prevent his being Sick; rest him four dayes,
+and then to the Pit.
+
+Now, Gentlemen, _Match_ your Cock Carefully, or what you have hitherto
+done, is nothing. And here Observe the _Length_, and _Strength_ of
+Cocks. The _Length_ is thus known: Gripe the Cock by the Waste, and make
+him shoot out his Legs, and in this Posture compare, _And have your
+Judgment about you._ The _Strength_ is known by this Maxime, _The
+largest in the Garth, is the strongest Cock._ The Dimension of the
+_Garth_, is thus known: Gripe the Cock about from the joynts of your
+Thumb, to the points of your Great _Finger_, and you will find the
+Disadvantage. _The weak long _Cock_ is the quickest easier Riser, and
+the short strong one, the surest Striker._
+
+Thus being well Matcht, accoutre him for the Pit. Clip his _Main_ off
+close to his Neck, from his head to his shoulders. Clip his _Tail_ close
+to his _Rump_, the Redder it appears the better. His _Wings_ sloping,
+with sharp Points [ware Eye Adversary:] Scrape smooth, and sharpen his
+_Spurs_; leave no feathers on his Crown; then moisten his head with
+Spittle; and now favour us Fortune.
+
+
+The Battle done search, and suck your Cocks wounds, and wash them well
+with hot _Urine_, then give him a Roll of your best Scowring, and stove
+him for that Night. If he be swelled, the next morning, suck and bathe
+his Wounds again, and pounce them with the Powder of the Herb _Robert_,
+thro a fine Bag; give him an handfull of Bread in warm Urine, and stove
+him, till the swelling be down. If he be hurt in his Eye, chew a little
+ground _Ivy_, and Spit the Juice in it; which is good for _Films_,
+_Haws_, _Warts_, &c. Or if he hath _veined_ himself in his fight, by
+narrow striking, or other cross blows, when you have found the hurt,
+bind the soft Down of Hare to it, will cure�it.
+
+When you visit your wounded _Cocks_, a�month or two after you have put
+them to their Walks, if you find about their heads any swollen Bunches,
+hard and blackish at one end, then there are unsound Cores undoubtedly
+in them; therefore open them, and with your Thumb crush them out, suck
+out the Corruption, and fill the holes with fresh Butter; and that will
+infallibly cure them.
+
+
+_Cures for Distempers incident to the Cock or Chick of the Game._
+
+For _Lice_, being most common, I begin with; proceeding from corrupt
+Meat, and want of Bathing, _&c._ Take _Pepper_ beaten to Powder, mix it
+with warm Water, and wash them with�it.
+
+For the _Roup_; a filthy swelling on the Rump, and very contagious to
+the whole body, the staring and turning back of the Feathers is it
+Symptome. Pull away the Feathers, open and thrust out the Core, and wash
+the Sore with Water and Salt, or Brine.
+
+For the _Pip_; visit the mouth, and examine what hinders your _Cocks_,
+_Hen_, or _Chicks_ feeding, and you'll find a white thin Scale on the
+Tip of the Tongue, which pull off with your Naile, and rubbing the
+Tongue with Salt, will cure�it.
+
+For the _Flux_; proceeding from eating too moist Meat, give them
+Pease-Bran scalded, will stop�it.
+
+For the _Stoppage of the Belly_, that they cannot mute; Anoint their
+Vents, and give them either small bits of Bread or Corn, steep'd in
+Urine of Man.
+
+For the _Eyes_, I have spoken before, and refer you to that; and for
+other Infirmities, let Practise be your Directory.
+
+
+And now I have one Word of Advice to him that is a Lover (or would be
+so) of this _Royal-Sport_; and then have done: _Come not to the Pitt
+without Money in your Breeches, and a Judgment of Matches_; +Done+ and
++Done+ is _Cock-Pitt_ +Law+, and if you venture beyond your Pocket, you
+must look well to it, or you may loose an Eye by the Battle.
+
+Thus much for _Cock-Fighting_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Fowling.
+
+
+This is a Recreation so full of _Variety_; that it would take up a great
+many _Words_ and _Time_ to discover it; but varying indeed from this
+Design, I�shall not dilate on its several parts, but as succinctly as
+may be, give you some methodical _Instructions_, as may make a man
+capable of the _Active_ as well as _Passive_ part of this Pleasure, and
+without the one he cannot have the other.
+
+Now then the _Ingenious Fowler_, like a Politick and sagacious Warrior,
+must first furnish and store himself with those several Stratagems and
+Engines, as suit with the diversities of _Occasion_ (_i.�e. Time_,)
+_Place_, and _Game_; or else he cannot expect the _Conquest_.
+
+And first of _Nets_, which must be made of the best pack-thread, and for
+taking _Great Fowl_, the Meshes must be large, two Inches at least from
+point to point, the larger the better; (provided the Fowle creep not
+through;) two Fathom _deep_, and six in _Length_, is the best and most
+manageable Proportion; Verged with strong Cord on each side, and
+extended with long Poles at each end made on purpose. But for small
+_Water-Fowle_; Let your Nets be of the smallest and strongest
+Pack-thread, the Meshes so big, as for the great Fowle, about two or
+three foot deep: Line these on both sides with false Nets, every Mesh a
+foot and half Square. For the _Day-Net_, it must be made of fine
+Pack-thread, the Mesh an inch square, three Fathom long, and one broad,
+and extended on Poles according to its Length, as aforesaid.
+
+_Birdlime_ is the next, and thus made. Pill the _Bark of Holly_ from the
+Tree at _Midsummer_, fill a Vessel, and put to it running Water; boile
+it over the fire till the _Grey_ and _White Bark_ rise from the _Green_;
+take it off the fire, draine the Water well away, and seperate the
+Barks; and take the Green, lay it on some moist floor and close place,
+and cover it with _Hemblocks_, _Docks_, _Thistles_, and all manner of
+Weeds; let it lye a fortnight, and in that time it will rot, and turn to
+a filthy slimy Substance: Then put it into a Morter, beat it till you
+perceive not what it was; take it out and wash it soundly at some
+running stream, till the Foulness is gone: Then put it in a close
+Earthen pot; let it stand four or five dayes, look to its Purging, and
+scum it: When clean, put it into another Earthen Pot, and keep it close
+for Use.
+
+Your _Setting-Dog_ comes next, and sayes you must _Elect_ and _Train_
+him thus: He must be of exquisite Scent, and love naturally to hunt
+Feathers. The _Land-Spaniel_ is best, being of good nimble size, and
+couragious mettle, which you may know by his Breed; being of a good
+Ranger, _&c._
+
+Having chosen your Dog, begin to _instruct_ him at half a Year old.
+First make him familiar and acquainted well with your self above others,
+by feeding him your self, alwayes going abroad with you, and correcting
+him with _Words_ not Blows. So that he will follow none but you,
+distinguish your Frowns from smiles, rough from smooth Words.
+
+The first Lesson is, to make him _Crouch and lie down_ close to the
+ground; and this is done by frequent laying him on the ground and crying
+_Lye close_; upon his doing well reward him with Bread; and on the
+contrary chastise him with Words, not Blows.
+
+Next, To _creep to you with his Body and Head close upon the ground_, by
+saying, _Come nearer, Come nearer_, or the like Words; to understand and
+do it, entice him with shewing him Bread, or the like: Thrusting down
+any rising part of his Body or head, and roughly threatning him; if he
+slight that, a�good Jerk or two with a slash of Whip-cord will reclaim
+his Obstinacy. Repeat his Lessons, and incourage his well doing. And
+this you may exercise in the Fields as you walk, calling him from his
+busie Ranging to his _Duty_. And then teach him to follow you close at
+the heels in a Line or string, without straining.
+
+By this time he is a year old, now (the season fit) into the Field, and
+let him _range_, [obediently.] If he wantonly babble or causelesly open,
+correct him by biting soundly the Roots of his Ears, or Lashing. Assoon
+as you find he approaches the Haunt of the _Partridge_, known by his
+Whining, and willing, but not daring, to open, speak and bid him, _Take
+heed_: If notwithstanding this he rush in and _Spring_ the _Partridge_,
+or opens, and so they escape, correct him severely. Then cast him off to
+another Haunt of a _Covie_, and if he mends his Error, and you take any
+by drawing your Net over them swiftly, reward them with the Heads,
+Necks, and Pinions.
+
+As for the _Water-Dog_, the Instructions above for the _Setter_ will
+serve; only to fetch and bring by loosing a Glove, or the like, is every
+mans common Observation, and therefore shall here for Brevities sake
+omit; only keep a strict Subjection in him, and Observance to your
+Commands.
+
+I shall say something too of the _Fowling-Piece_ and _Stalking-Horse_,
+and then to your sports. The longest _Barrel is the best Fowling-Peice_,
+five and half, or six foot long, with an indifferent Bore, under an
+_Harquebuse_; and shooting with the Wind, and side-wayes, or behind the
+Fowl, not in their faces, is to be observed; having your Dog in Command
+not to stir till you have shot.
+
+A _Stalking-Horse_ for shelter, to avoid being seen by the shie Fowle,
+is an old Jade trained on purpose; but this being rare and troublesome,
+have recourse to Art, to take Canvas, stuft and painted in the shape of
+a Horse grazing, and so light that you may carry him on one hand (not
+too bigg:) Others do make them in the shape of _Ox_, _Cow_, for Variety;
+and _Stag_, _Trees_, _&c._
+
+Thus being provided with necessary Engines for prosecuting and effecting
+so cunning and pleasant a work, _Let's abroad_; and let not the
+_Ale-House_, _Tavern_, or _Brothel-Houses_, debauch and benumn our
+Spirits, but let us with the Fowler exhilerate our Minds, refresh our
+Bodies, & for a little Pains reap a great deal of Pleasure &
+Satisfaction, whet our Appetites, and get Meat too for them.
+
+Now then according to my proposed Method, let us first examine _Where_
+to find our Game? that is, The _Haunts of Fowle_, whether _Land_ or
+_Water_ Fowle; by which two Characters I distinguish them, because of
+their Variety and Multiplicity.
+
+The _greater Fowle_, or those who _divide the Foot_, reside by shallow
+Rivers sides, Brooks and Plashes of Water; and in low and boggy places,
+and sedgie, Marish, rotten Grounds. They also delight in the dry parts
+of drowned Fens, overgrown with long Reeds, Rushes and Sedges; as
+likewise in half-drowned Moors, hollow Vales of Downs, Heaths, _&c._
+Where obscurely they may lurk under the Shelter of Hedges, Hills,
+Bushes, _&c._
+
+The _Lesser_, or Web-footed, _Fowle_, allwayes haunt drowned Fens, as
+likewise the main streams of Rivers not subject to Freeze, the deeper
+and broader, the better; (tho of these the _Wild-Goose_ and _Barnacle_,
+if they cannot sound the depth, and reach the Ouze, change their
+Residence for shallow places, and delight in Green-Winter-Corn,
+especially if the Lands ends have Water about them:) _Small Fowle_ also
+frequent hugely little Brooks, Ponds, drowned Meadows, Pastures, Moors,
+Plashes, Meres, Loughs, and Lakes, stored with unfrequented Islands,
+Shrubs, _&c._
+
+
+_How to take all manner of Fowl or Birds._
+
+For taking the first (I mean the greater _Fowle_) with _Nets_, observe
+in general this: Come two hours before their feeding hours, Morning and
+Evening; and spreading your Net on the Ground smooth and flat, stake the
+two lower ends firm, and let the upper ends be extended on the long
+Cord; of which the further end must be fastned to the ground, three
+Fathom from the Net, the stake in a direct Line with the lower Verge of
+the Net; the other, ten or twelve fathoms long, have in your hand at the
+aforesaid distance, and get some shelter of Art or Nature, to keep you
+from the curious and shie Eye of your Game; having your Net so ready
+that the least pull may do your work, Strew'd over with Grass as it lies
+to hide it: A�live _Herne_, or some other Fowle lately taken, according
+to what you seek for, will be very requisite for a _Stale_. And you will
+have sport from the Dawning, till the Sun is about an hour high; but no
+longer; and from Sun-set till Twilight; these being their feeding times.
+
+For the _small_ (Water) _Fowle_. Observe the Evening is best before
+Sun-set. Stake down your Nets on each side the River half a foot within
+the Water, the lower part so plumb'd as to sink no further; the upper
+slantwise shoaling against, but not touching by two foot, the Water, and
+the Strings which bear up this upper side fastned to small yeilding
+sticks prickt in the Bank, that as the Fowle strike may ply to the Nets
+to entangle them. And thus lay your Nets (as many as you please) about
+twelve score one from another, as the River or Brook will afford. And
+doubt not your success. To expedite it however, a�_Gun_ fired three or
+four times in the _Fens_ and _Plashes_, a�good distance from your Nets,
+will affright and post them to your Snares; and so do at the _Rivers_,
+when you lay in the _Fens_. Thus much in general for _Nets_, I�come next
+to _Bird-Lime_.
+
+_Winter time_ is the most proper for taking all manner of _Small Birds_,
+as flocking then promiscuously together, _Larks_, _Lennets_,
+_Chaffinches_, _Goldfinches_, _Yellow-Hammers_, &c. with this
+_Bird-lime_, made as afore-spoken; only additionally thus ordered. Put
+to a quarter of a pound of _Bird-lime_, an Ounce of fresh _Lard_, or
+_Capons-grease_, and let it gently melt together over the Fire, but not
+Boyl; then take a quantity of _Wheat-ears_, as you think your use shall
+require, and cut the straw about a foot long besides the Ears, and from
+the Ear _Lime_ the straw Six inches; the warmer it is, the less
+discernable it will be: Then to the _Field_ adjacent, carrying a bag of
+Chaff, and thresh'd Ears, scatter them twenty Yards wide, and stick the
+_lim'd Ears_ (declining downwards) here, and there; Then traverse the
+_Fields_, disturb their _Haunts_, they will repair to your Snare, and
+pecking at the Ears, finding they stick to them, mount; and the _Lim'd_
+straws, lapping under their Wings, dead their flight, they cannot be
+disengaged, but fall and be taken they must. Do not go near them, till
+they rise of their own accord, and let not five or six entangled lead
+you to spoyl your Game, and incur the loss of five or six dozen.
+_Barn-doors_, _Thatcht-Houses_, and such like places, are excellent too
+for the use of these _Lime-straws_. _A Clap- Net_, and _Lanthorn_, in a
+dark night rub'd at the Eaves of Houses, is a common practice.
+
+_Lime-Twigs_, is another Expedient for taking of Great _Fowle_, being
+Rods that are long, small, straight, and pliable, the upper part (apt to
+play to and fro) being besmeared with _Bird-lime_ warm. Thus to be used,
+Observe the Haunts of the _Fowle_, have a _Stale_, (a�living Fowle of
+the same kind you would take) and cross pricking your Rods, one into,
+and another against the Wind sloping, a�foot distant one from the other,
+pin down your _Stale_, some distance from them, tying some small string
+to him, to pull and make him flutter to allure the _Fowle_ down. If any
+be caught, do not run presently upon them, their fluttering will
+encrease your Game. A�well taught _Spaniel_ is not amiss to retake those
+that are entangled, and yet flutter away. Thus likewise for the _Water_,
+consult the Rivers depth, and let your Rods be proportionable; what is
+_Limed_ of them being above the Water, and a _Mallard_, &c. as a _Stale_
+placed here and there, as aforesaid. You need not wait on them, but
+three times a day visit them, and see your _Game_; if you miss any Rods
+(therefore know their Number) some Fowle entangled is got away with it,
+into some Hole, _&c._ and here your _Spaniel_ will be serviceable to
+find him.
+
+For _Small-Birds_, a _Lime-bush_ is best; thus, Cut down a great Bough
+of a _Birch_, or _Willow-Tree_, trim it clean, and _Lime_ it handsomely,
+within four fingers of the bottom: Place this _Bush_ so ordered, in some
+quick-set, or dead _Hedge_, in _Spring_ time: In _Harvest_, or _Summer_,
+in _Groves_, _Bushes_, _Hedges_, _Fruit-Trees_, _Flax_, and
+_Hemp-Lands_: In _Winter_, about _Houses_, _Hovells_, _Barns_, _Stacks_,
+&c. A�_Bird-Call_ is here also necessary, or your own industrious skill
+in the Notes of several Birds. _Lime-twigs_ are likewise used, stuck on
+_Hemp-cocks_, which take vast Numbers of _Lennets_, and _Green-Birds_,
+that love that _Diet_. An _Owle_ placed near your _Lime-twigs_, is
+likewise an Excellent _Stale_, for being persecuted by all other
+_Birds_, they flock about him, and dye with Hatred; I�mean, being taken
+by you, in their eager, and malicious Persecution of poor _Tom_. Some
+have Natural, others Artificial _Owles_, and with either fear not
+Success. And thus you may do, in any particular _Game_, with your
+_Twigs_, and _Stale_ of the same kind, as, _Snipes_, _Felfares_,
+_Pigeons_, &c.
+
+And here I must not forget the _Farmers_ Advantage, to destroy his
+_Corn_-destroyers, _Rooks_, but give him this Advice: Take some thick
+_Brown-paper_, divide a sheet into Eight parts, and make them into the
+fashion of _Sugar-Loaves_; _Lime_ them a little in the inside, and put
+some _Corn_ in them (if in _Ploughing_ time, _Wormes_, and _Maggots_)
+lay _Three_ or _Four Score_ up and down the Land, under (if you can)
+some Clod, early, before feeding time: Be at some distance, and behold
+the ensuing Sport. Your _Pigeons_, _Rooks_, _Crows_, &c. comeing to pick
+out the _Corn_ or _Worms_, the _Pyramidal-snare_ hangs on their heads,
+they fly straight upright, almost out of sight, and as if some _Gun_ in
+the Ayr had met with them, down they come tumbling (being spent) and
+become your Prey.
+
+Thus much in general of taking all manner of _Fowle_, by _Net_, or
+_Lime_, I�come next to know their best Seasons, when to use them, and
+the first (the _Net_) is from the beginning of _May_, to the latter end
+of _October_; and the last (the _Lime_) in the _Winter_ only, beginning
+from _November_, and ending at _May_, in which times, there being no
+Leaves, your _Lime-Bushes_, and _Branches_ of _Trees_ are of one and the
+same Hue.
+
+And because Gentlemen who have _Fish-ponds_, wonder they loose so many
+_Fish_, and are apt to Censure sometimes undeservedly their Neighbours,
+when it is the insatiable _Hern_, that is the true cause: I�shall next
+lay down the best and most approved way of taking the great
+_Fish-devouring Herne_, whose _Haunt_ having found, observe this Method
+to take him. Get three or four small _Roaches_, or _Dace_, take a strong
+_Hook_, (not too rank) with Wyre to it, and draw the Wyre just within
+the skin, from the side of the _Gills_, to the _Taile_ of the said
+_Fish_, and he will live four or five dayes, (if dead, the _Herne_ will
+not touch it.) Then having a strong Line, of a dark-_Green-Silk_,
+twisted with Wyre, about three yards long, tye a round stone of a pound
+to it, and lay three or four such hooks, but not too deep in the Water,
+out of the _Herne's_ wading; and two or three Nights will answer your
+Expectation.
+
+And here I thought to conclude this Discourse of _Fowling_, but the
+young _Tyro_ or _Beginner_ in the Acquest of this Noble Art, pulls me
+back again, and whispers this Question in my Ear, How to take
+_Pheasants_, _Partridges_, &c. in particular, by either of the
+forementioned wayes, as, _Nets_, _Lime_, _Engine_, _Driving_, or
+_Setting_; because of all _Fowl_ for _Game_, these two are esteemed as
+the most Gentile, and Profitable? I�shall answer his Curiosity, and for
+his Instruction, propose these ensuing Rules, though what I have said in
+general of Great _Fowl_ might suffice.
+
+
+_The severall wayes of taking _Pheasants_._
+
+For to take _Pheasants_ with _Nets_, first find their _Haunts_, or
+_Coverts_, which are generally in thick, young, well-grown _Copses_,
+solitary and untraced by Men or Cattle, and not in Old High _Woods_; and
+never in open _Fields_. Which having assured knowledge of, the next
+thing is to find out the _Eye_, or _Brood_ of _Pheasants_, wich
+according to the best Experience is thus. You must learn and understand
+the several Notes of a Natural _Pheasant-Call_, and how usefully to
+apply them. In the Morning just before, or at _Sun-rising_, call them to
+feed, and so at _Sun-setting_: In the _Forenoon_, and _Afternoon_, your
+Note must be to Cluck them together to _Brood_, or to chide them for
+straggling, or to notify some danger at hand.
+
+Thus skilled in their _Notes_, and by the Darkness, Solitaryness, and
+strong undergrowth of the place assured of their _Haunts_, closely lodge
+your self, and softly at first call; lest being near you, a�loud _Note_
+affright them; and no Reply made, raise your _Note_ gradually, to the
+highest; and if there be a _Pheasant_ in hearing, he will answer you,
+in as loud a _Note_. Be sure it be Tunable. As soon as you are answered,
+creep nearer to it; if far off, and a single _Fowl_, as you call, and
+approach, so will the _Pheasant_. Having gotten sight of her, on the
+_Ground_, or _Perch_, cease calling, and with all silence possible,
+spread your _Net_ conveniently, between the _Pheasant_, and you, one end
+of the _Net_ fastned to the _Ground_, and the other end, hold by a long
+Line in your hand, by which you may pull it together, if strained; then
+call again, and as you see the _Pheasant_ come under your _Net_, rise
+and shew your self, and affrighting her, she will mount, and so is
+taken. Thus if on the contrary you have divers _Answers_, from several
+_Corners_ of the _Coppice_, and you keep your place and not stir, they
+will come to your Call, and then having a pair of _Nets_, spread one on
+each side, and do as before. Your _Nets_ must be made of _Green_ or
+_Black_ double-twin'd _Thread_, the _Mesh_ about an inch square, between
+_Knot_, and _Knot_, the whole _Net_ about three _Fathom_ long, and Seven
+_Foot_ broad, verged with strong small Cord on each side and ends, to
+lye hollow and compass-wise.
+
+The next way of taking _Pheasant-Powts_, is by _Driving_ thus. Having
+found the _Haunt_ of an _Eye of Pheasants_, known by the _Barrenness_ of
+the place, _Mutings_ and loose Feathers, then in the little Pads and
+Wayes, like Sheep-tracks, they have made, place your Nets (taking the
+wind with you) a-cross these Paths, hollow, loose and circularly, the
+nether part fixt to the ground, and the upper side hollow, _&c._ as
+aforesaid: Then to their _Haunt_, and there _call_ them together,
+if scattered; then with a _Driver_, an Instrument like that of
+_Cloath-dressers_, rake gently the Bushes and Boughs about you, the
+_Powts_ will run, and stop and listen; then give a nother rake, and so
+you will drive them like sheep into your Nets: Observe in this
+_Secrecy_, _Time_ and _Leisure_, or you spoyl your sport; _Secrecy_ in
+concealing your self from being seen by them; and _Time_ and _Leisure_,
+by not being too hasty.
+
+Lastly for taking _Pheasants_ with the _Lime-Bush_, or Rods, order
+these, as I have before prescribed; your Rods about twelve Inches long,
+and your Bush containing not above eight Twigs, with a pretty long
+Handle, sharpned to stick in the Ground, or Bushes, Shrubs, _&c._ and
+let it be planted as near the _Pheasants pearching Branch_, as may be.
+Place your Rods on the Ground, near the Bush; which will help the Bush;
+for when some are taken below by the Rods, they will scare up the others
+to get on the Bushes to seek what's become of their Fellows, and there
+become your Prey themselves. Thus provided, keep close not to be
+discovered; out with your Call, and use it _Skilfully_ and well, and you
+need not fear Game. Number the Rods you planted, and if any be missing,
+some _Pheasant_ is crept away with it, and here let your Spaniel be
+employed to serve you in finding out the last sanctuary of the poor
+_Pheasant_, thus shunning his inevitable Captivity and Death.
+
+
+_For taking Partridge._
+
+As in all the foregoing Sports, the _Place_ where to find them is our
+first Enquiry, so here (as you did of the _Pheasant_) you must first
+find the _Partridges Haunt_. Which is mostly in standing-Corn-Fields,
+where they breed; as likewise in Stubble after the Corn is cut,
+especially Wheat-stubble till it is trodden, and then they repair to
+Barley-Stubble, if fresh; and the Furrows amongst the Clots, Brambles
+and long Grass, are sometimes their lurking places, for Twenty and
+upward in a Covy. In the _Winter_ in up-land Meadows, in the dead Grass
+or Fog under Hedges, among Mole-Hills; or under the Roots of Trees,
+_&c._ Various and uncertain are their _Haunts_. And tho some by the
+_Eye_, by distinguishing their Colour from the ground, others by the
+_Ear_, by hearing the Cock call earnestly the Hen, and the Hens
+answering, and chattering with Joy at meeting, do find _Partridge_; yet
+the best, easiest and safest way of finding them is (as you do the
+_Pheasant_) by the Call or Pipe; applying your Notes seasonable, as
+before prescribed, and they will come near to you, and you may count
+their Numbers, and to your sport.
+
+Surround your Covy, prepare your Nets, and pricking a stick fast in the
+ground, tye the one end to it, and let your Nets fall as you walk
+briskly round without stopping, and cover the _Partridge_; then rush in
+upon them to frighten them, and as they rise they are taken.
+
+For taking them with _Bird-Lime_, thus. Call first near the _Haunt_; if
+answered, stick about your _Lime-Straws_ (of which I have spoken before)
+a-cross in ranks two or three Lands, at some distance from you; then
+call again, and as they approach you, they are intercepted by the
+Straws; and to your Prey. This way is used most successfully in
+Stubble-Fields, from _August_ to _September_: And Rods in Woods,
+Pastures, _&c._ as for the _Pheasant_.
+
+But lastly, above all (to omit all others) the most pleasant way of
+taking Partridge is with a _Setting-Dog_ (of which I have spoken before
+and refer you thither) who having set them, (known by the already
+mentioned signs) use your Net, as you have heard just now: And by these
+Rules and Method, the _Railes_, _Quailes_, _Moorpootes_, _&c._ are to be
+taken; and are for _Hawks_ flight too. And here I must make an end of
+the most material part of _Fowling_.
+
+For as for treating of all manner of _Singing Birds_, their _Taking_,
+which in general hath been before observed, their _Preserving_ and
+_Keeping_, their _Natural Breeding_ and _Feeding_, is a Work of such
+common Observation, and so differing from the Design of this Treatise of
+_Violent_ and _Brisk Exercises_, that omitting it altogether here, shall
+refer you to the Venders of them, whom you may meet with in every
+Street, and furnish your self at easy rates; and are indeed but _Voces &
+pr�terea Nihil_.
+
+Thus much for _Fowling_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Fishing.
+
+
+So _Ancient_, so _Innocent_, so _Vertuous_, and so _Useful_ is this
+Recreation, that all the foregoing Divertisements, must needs give place
+to this, and however (inadvertently) it comes in here, challenges a
+Preference, and Acceptance before any Pleasure can by the heart of Man
+be desired. As for its _Antiquity_ some attribute its Knowledge to
+_Belus_ Son of _Nimrod_, who first invented all Vertuous Sports; others
+to _Seth_ and his Sons, he having left it on brazen Pillars engraven
+with indelible Characters not to be obliterated by the ensuing Flood.
+_Job_ makes mention of Fishing, who Lived as may be supposed before
+_Moses_; nor is it questionable, whether the illustrious Patriarchs used
+not this Recreation. Certain it is, there were many _Fishermen_ before
+_Christs_ Coming, whose sole Dependance was on this Innocent Art.
+_Innocent_ indeed and harmless, when the Lamb of God himself
+_recommended_ it (as I may say) as such, by his Divine Call of four
+_Fishermen_, to be his Disciples, and by distinguishing & dignifying
+them with the greatest _Intimacy_ with himself, and chiefest place in
+the _Apostolical Catalogue_; and by the Inspiration of his Spirit
+ennobled their Function; he made them Eminent _Fishers of men_. Nay, at
+the expence of a _Miracle_, he shewed the _Lawful Use_ of Fishing, when
+the mouth of _Peter's_ Fish he commanded him to take, was the
+_Tribute-Money's Purse_. And why our Saviour made his first Election of
+Fishermen, before others, this may be the undoubted Reason: Because he
+knew such men were naturally of more Contemplative and Serene Minds, of
+more Calme, Peaceable, and sweet Dispositions; And let me add too in the
+next place, because it is the School of Vertue (as I may call it)
+wherein the Primitive Christian Vertues are learnt and exercised.
+_Patience_ is the immediate Vertue wherewith the _Angler_ is endued,
+without which the Pleasure doth no longer exist; and attended with her
+three Sisters compleat his Delight. For _Justice_ directs him to the due
+Place of Sport, where he may freely exercise his Art, without Injury or
+Incivility to his Neighbours: _Temperance_ prescribes a _Measure_ to the
+Action, and moderates and rules the Affections. And lastly _Fortitude_
+encourages and strengthens his mind, to support the Labour and undergo
+with Perseverance all Disappointments, excludes _Passion_ (incident to
+other Recreations,) at the loss of a Hook, or (perhaps that he never
+had) a�Fish. It makes him not fear Wind nor Weather, nor is his delight
+sowered at last with _Melancholy_ and Vexation; but tho the Anglers
+Reward is but a little Fish, for a great deal of Pains, the Contentment
+and Satisfaction is above that. Finally the _Usefulness_ of it is
+apparently great; for the cherishing the Body, and cheering the Mind,
+for diverting Sadness, and calming unquiet Thoughts, for moderating
+Passions and procuring Contentedness, and begetting Peace and Patience
+in those that profess and practise it. It has been the Recreation of
+Gods Saints, and Holy Fathers; and of many Worthy and Reverend Divines,
+this hath been and is now their beloved Pastime. And so I shall conclude
+this _Encomium_ of Fishing; Volumes may be written in its praise (in
+which I am something wanting in the other foregoing Sports, this
+claiming it as its just due above the rest) but I long to tell you
+_How_, _When_ and _Where_, you may taste its Delight.
+
+
+It hath been the Method of this whole Treatise, to divide the several
+distinct Heads of each Recreation into three Parts, to render the
+Observations and Rules the more plain and easy, for the prosecuting the
+Recreation we treat�of.
+
+1. _What_ it is we pursue.
+
+2. _Where_ and _When_ to find that we would delight our selves�in.
+
+3. _With what_ proper _Mediums_ or Measures we may obtain the desired
+Effects of our endeavours therein. And in this delightful Scene of
+Pastime, we now treat of, Fishing, so full of Variety and Choice,
+I�shall observe the same Method.
+
+
+First then, _What_ we pursue is Fish, distinguished according to their
+sundry kinds by these following _Names_.
+
+  The _Barbel_, _Breame_, _Bleak_, _Bulhead_, or Millers-Thumb;
+  _Chevin_, _Char_, _Chub_, _Carp_; _Dace_, _Dare_; _Eel_; _Flounder_;
+  _Grayling_, _Gudgeon_, _Guiniad_; _Loach_; _Minnow_; _Pope_ or
+  _Pike_, _Pearch_; _Rud_, _Roach_; _Sticklebag_ or Bansticle,
+  _Salmon_, _Shad_, _Suant_; _Tench_, _Torcoth_, _Trout_, _Thwait_,
+  and _Umber_. All these Alphabetically thus named are the different
+  sorts of Fish, in taking which the Angler commonly exercises his
+  Art. We come next, _Where_ to find them.
+
+I. To know the _Haunts_ and Resorts of Fish, in which they are to be
+usually found, is the most Material thing the Angler ought to be
+instructed in, lest he vainly prepare _how to take_ them, and
+preposterously seek _where to find_ that he prepared for. To prevent
+which you are first to understand, That as the Season of the Year is, so
+_Fish_ change their places: In _Summer_, some keep near the Top, others
+the bottom of the Waters. In _Winter_, all _Fish_ in general resort to
+deep Waters. But more particularly,
+
+The _Barbel_, _Roach_, _Dace_, and _Ruff_, covet most _Sandy, Gravelly
+Ground_, the deepest part of the _River_, and the Shadows of _Trees_.
+
+_Breame_, _Pike_, and _Chub_, delight in a _Clay_, and _Ouzie Ground_:
+The _Bream_ chooseth the middle of the _River_, in a gentle not too
+rapid Stream: The _Pike_ prefereth still Waters, full of _Fry_, and
+absconding himself amongst _Bull-Rushes_, _Water-docks_, or under
+_Bushes_, that under these shelters he may more securely surprize and
+seize his Prey: The _Chub_ too chooses the same Ground, large Rivers and
+Streams, and is rarely destitute of some Tree to cover and shade him.
+
+_Carp_, _Tench_ and _Eel_, frequent foul muddy still Waters. The
+_greatest Eels_ lurk under Stones, or Roots; the _smallest_ ones are
+found in all sorts of Rivers or Soyls: The _Carp_ is for the deepest
+stillest part of Pond or River, and so is the _Tench_, and both delight
+in green Weeds.
+
+_Pearch_ delighteth in gentle Streams of a reasonable Depth, not too
+shallow; close by a Hollow Bank is their common Sanctuary.
+
+_Gudgeon_ covets Sandy, Gravelly, Gentle Streams, and smaller Rivers;
+not so much abounding in Brooks. He bites best in Spring, till they
+spawn, and a little after till _Wasp_ time.
+
+The _Salmon_ delights in large swift Rivers, which ebb and flow; and are
+there plentifully to be found: As likewise Rocky and Weedy Rivers. But
+in the latter end of the Year he is to be found high up in the Country,
+in swift and violent Cataracts, coming thither to spawn.
+
+The _Trout_ loves small swift purling Brooks or Rivers, that run upon
+Stones or Gravel, and in the swiftest deepest part of them, getteth
+behind some Stone-Block and there feeds. He delights in a Point of a
+River where the Water comes Whirling like the Eddy, to catch what the
+Stream brings down, especially if he has the Shade of a Tree: He hugely
+delights to lurk under some hollow Bank or Stone; seldom among Weeds.
+
+_Shad_, _Thwait_, _Plaice_, _Peel_, _Mullet_, _Suant_ and _Flownder_,
+covet chiefly to be in or near the Salt or Brackish Waters, which ebb
+and flow: The last, _viz._ the _Flownder_, have been taken in fresh
+Rivers, as coveting Sand and Gravel, deep gentle streams, near Banks,
+_&c._
+
+Lastly the _Umber_ affects Marly Clay Ground, clear and swift Streams,
+far from the Sea; the greatest Plenty of these Fish is found in
+_Derbyshire_ and _Staffordshire_.
+
+Thus much for the _Haunts_ of Fish; I�come next to know _When_ is the
+most _seasonable time_ to catch them; which before I speak to, let him
+that would become a compleat Angler, take this Rule. That he observe
+narrowly what Pond or River soever he fisheth in, whether it be slimy,
+muddy, stoney or gravelly; whether of a swift or slow Motion; As
+likewise that he know the Nature of each Fish, and what Baits are most
+proper for every kind: Not to let his Knowledg be circumscribed to one
+or two particular Rivers, whither he is invited to Angle and take his
+Observations by the Vicinity of his House; but to let his Knowledge be
+_general_, and consequently his Sport will be so too. His Ignorance
+otherwise will oblige him to be a Spectator in another River, when his
+Excellency is confined to that only experienced one in or near his own
+Parish or House. But to proceed,
+
+II. To understand the best _Time when_ to Angle in, We must first
+consider Affirmatively, when most _Seasonable_: Or, 2.�Negatively, when
+_Unseasonable_.
+
+1. _Seasonable_ Angling is, When the Weather is calme, serene and clear;
+tho the Cool cloudy Weather in Summer is to be preferred, provided the
+Wind blow not too boistrously, to hinder your easy Guiding your Tools;
+In the hottest Months the cooler the better.
+
+2. When a Violent shower hath disturbed the Water and mudded it, then
+with a _Red Worm_, Angle in the Stream at the ground.
+
+3. A little before Fish spawn, when they repair to Gravely Fords to rub
+and loosen their full Bellies; they bite freely.
+
+4. From Sun-rising till eight of the Clock in the Morning, and from four
+in the Afternoon till night for _Carp_ and _Tench_. In _June_ and
+_July_, _Carps_ shew themselves on the very rim of the Water, then Fish
+with a _Lob-Worm_, as you would with a Natural Flye. But be sure to keep
+out of sight.
+
+5. In _March_, _April_, and _September_, and all _VVinter_, when the Air
+is clear, serene and warm. And after a showre of Rain, which hath only
+beaten the _Gnats_, and _Flies_ into the _River_, without muddying. The
+two first mentioned Months with _May_, and part of _June_, are most
+proper for the _Fly_; _Nine_ in the Morning, and _Three_ a Clock in the
+Afternoon, is the best time; as likewise, when the _Gnats_ play much in
+a warm Evening.
+
+6. In a _Cloudy_, and _VVindy_ day, after a _Moon-shine_ clear Night,
+for the brightness of the Night (through fear) making them abstain from
+feeding, and the Gloominess of the Day emboldening and rendering them
+(through Hunger) sharp, and eager upon food, they bite then freely.
+
+7. _Lastly_, At the opening of _Mill-dams_ or _Sluces_, you will find
+_Trouts_, &c. come forth seeking food, brought down by the Water. We
+come next to demonstrate the time not proper, _i.�e._
+
+2. _Unseasonable_ Angling in short is, When the Earth is parched, and
+scorched with Vehement _Heat_, and _Drought_; benummed and frozen with
+_Cold_, _Frost_, and _Snow_; or refrigerated with Spring _Hoar-Frosts_;
+or blasted with the sharp, bitter, nipping, _North_, or _East_ Winds: Or
+when blustring _Boreas_ disorders your well guiding your Tackling; or
+the _Sheep-Shearers Washings_ glutted the _Fish_, and anticipated your
+_Bait_; when the withdrawing of your sport, foretells a Storm, and
+advises you to some shelter; or Lastly, when the night proves Dark, and
+Cloudy, you need not trouble your self the next day, 'tis to no purpose,
+_&c._
+
+Thus much shall suffice for the two first Parts I proposed to treat of,
+_viz._ What we seek after in this Recreation, and Where, and When to
+find it; I�come next to speak of the several _Implements_, and
+_Tackling_ we ought to be provided with, for the prosecuting the same;
+and then to our Sport.
+
+III. For providing _Stocks_, the best time is the Winter _Solstice_,
+when the Sap is in the Roots of Trees, and their Leaves gone. It is
+improper after _January_, the Sap then ascending into the Trunk, and
+expanding it self over all the Branches. See that your Stocks be
+_Taper-grown_, and your Tops of the best _Ground-Hazle_, that can be
+had, smooth, slender, and straight, of an Ell-long, pliant, and bending;
+and yet of a strength, that a reasonable jerk cannot break it, but it
+will return to its first straightness; lest otherwise you endanger your
+Line. Keep them two full years, before you use them; having preserved
+them from Worm-eating, or Rotting, by thrice a year rubbing and chaffing
+them well with Butter (if sweet) or Linsed or Sallet-Oyl; and if Bored,
+Oyl poured into the Holes, and bathed four and twenty houres in it, and
+then thrown out again, will exceedingly preserve them.
+
+But why should I further trouble my self with prescribing any Rules for
+the ordering the Angle-Rod, since every Cane-shop in _London_ will
+furnish us at an easy rate, with Rods of Cane, that shall suit with the
+sport we designe; the usual Objection of their _Colour_ and Stiffness
+being taken away, the first by covering it with Parchment or thin
+Leather, dyed as you please; and the other by the length and strength of
+the Top, being as before.
+
+The next thing we come to prepare is the _Line_, which though easy, yet
+admits of some Rule; wherefore to make it neat, handsome and strong,
+twist the Hair you make it of _even_, having seen if the Hair be of an
+equal bigness; then steep your Line in Water, to see if the Hairs
+shrink, if so, you must twist them over again. The _Colour_ of the Hair
+is best of _Sorrel_, _White_ and _Grey_; Sorrel for muddy boggy Rivers,
+and the two last for clear Waters. Nor is the _Pale watry green_
+contemptible, dyed thus: Take a pint of strong _Ale_, half a pound of
+_Soot_, a�little of the Juice of _Walnut-Leaves_ and _Allum_; Boyle
+these together in a Pipkin half an hour, take it off, and when 'tis
+cold, put in your Hair. In making your Line of Hair mix not Silk; but
+either all Hair, or all Silk; as likewise distinguish the Line for the
+Ground Angle, and that for the Fly-Rod, the last must be stronger than
+the first; in that for the Artificial Fly, making the uppermost Link
+twenty Hairs long, less in the next, and so less till you come to the
+Fly. Lastly at each end of your Line make a Loop (called a _Bow_) the
+one _Larger_, to fasten to, and take it from the top of your Rod, and
+the other _Lesser_ to hang your Hook-line�on.
+
+Your _Hook_ comes next, and requires your Care, That it be Long in the
+shank, something Round in compass, the point straight and even, and
+bending in the shank. Set on your Hook with strong small Silk, laying
+your Hair on the inside of the Hook.
+
+Your _Flote_ challenges divers wayes of making. Some using _Muscovy_
+Duck-quills for still Waters. Others the best sound Cork without flaws
+or holes, bored through with a hot Iron, and a Quill of a fit proportion
+put into it; then pared into a pyramidal Form, or in the fashion of a
+small Peare, to what bigness you please, and ground smooth with a
+Grindstone or Pumice; this is best for strong Streams.
+
+In fine, _To plum the Ground_, get a _Carbine_ Bullet bored through, and
+in a strong twist hanged on your _Hook_ or Rod. To sharpen your _Hook_,
+carry a little _Whetstone_. To carry your several Utensils without
+incommoding your Tackle, have several _Partitions_ of Parchment. And in
+short the Ingenious Angler will not be unprovided of his _Bob_ and
+_Palmer_; his _Boxes_ of all sizes for his _Hooks_, _Corks_, _Silk_,
+_Thread_, _Flies_, _Lead_, &c. His _Linnen_ and _Woollen Bait-Bags_; His
+splinted _Osier light Pannier_; And lastly his _Landing Hook_, with a
+Screw at the end to screw it into the socket of a Pole, & stricken into
+the Fish, to draw it to Land: To which socket, a�Hook to cut up the
+Weeds, and another to pull out Wood, may be fastned.
+
+But all those Implements I have described, serve to no purpose, if we do
+not observe to have the _Agents_ and Effecters of our Pastime in store,
+I�mean proper _Baits_ and Inticements to take your Fish. Which branch
+themselves into three Kinds.
+
+First, The _Life-baits_, which are all kind of _Worms_, _Redworm_,
+_Maggot_, _Dors_, _Froggs_, _Bobb_, _Brown-Flies_, _Grashoppers_,
+_Hornets_, _Wasps_, _Bees_, _Snails_, small _Roaches_, _Bleak_,
+_Gudgeon_, or _Loaches_.
+
+Secondly, _Artificial living Baits_, of _Flyes_ of all sorts and shapes,
+made about your Hooks with Silk and Feathers, at all times seasonable,
+especially in blustering Weather.
+
+Lastly, _Dead Baits_, Pasts of all maings, Wasps dryed or undryed,
+clotted _Sheeps-blood_, _Cheese_, _Bramble-berries_, _Corn_, _Seeds_,
+_Cherries_, &c. The two first good in _May_, _June_ and _July_, the two
+next in _April_; and the last in the _Fall_ of the Leaf.
+
+
+_Of Flies._
+
+Of _Natural_ Flies there are innumerable, and therefore it cannot be
+expected I can particularize all; but some of their Names I shall
+nominate, _viz._ The _Dun-Fly_, _Red-Fly_, _May-Fly_, _Tawny-Fly_,
+_Moor-Fly_, _Shell-Fly_, _Flag-Fly_, _Vine-Fly_, _Cloudy_ or
+_Blackish-Fly_, _Canker-Flies_, _Bear-Flies_, _Caterpillars_, and
+thousands more, differing according to the Soiles, Rivers or Plants.
+
+_Artificial Flies_, are made by the ingenious Angler, according to Art,
+in shape, colour and proportion like the Natural Fly, of _Fur_, _Wool_,
+_Silk_, _Feathers_, &c. To delineate which I must confess my self not so
+accurate and skilful a Painter, nor can any Pen-drawing illustrate their
+Various Colours so, as to direct their Artificial Counterfeit; Nature
+will help him in this by Observation, curiously Flourishing their
+several Orient and bright Colours, after which they take their names,
+as before said: And therefore to furnish your self with both Natural and
+Artificial _Flyes_, repair in the morning to the River, and with a Rod
+beat the Bushes that hang over the Water, and take your Choice; This is
+a Rule whereby you may know by their Number what _Fly_ the Fish affect
+most, and accordingly to use it; taking with you these following
+Directions.
+
+1. Observe to Angle with the Artificial _Fly_ in Rivers disturbed
+somewhat by Rain, or in a Cloudy day, the Wind blowing gently: If the
+Wind be not so high, but you may well guide your Tackle, in plain Deeps
+is to be found the best Fish, and best Sport: If small Wind breeze, in
+swift streams is best Angling: Be sure to keep your _Fly_ in perpetual
+slow motion; and observe that the Weather suit the Colour of your _Fly_,
+as the light Colour'd in a Clear day, the Darkish in a dark, _&c._ As
+likewise according to the Waters Complexions, have your Fly suitable.
+
+2. Let your Line be twice as long as your Rod: Keep as far as you can
+from the Waterside, the Sun on your back; In casting your Fly, let that
+fall first; your Line not touching the Water.
+
+3. Have a nimble Eye, and active quick Hand to strike presently upon the
+rising of the Fish, lest finding his mistake he spew out the Hook.
+
+4. In slow Rivers cast your Fly cross them, let it sink a little, draw
+it back gently, without breaking or circling the Water; let the Fly
+float with the Current, and you will not fail of excellent Sport.
+
+5. Observe to let the Wings of your _Salmon-Flys_ to be one behind
+another, whether two or four, and they and the Tail long, and of the
+finest gaudiest Colours you can choose.
+
+_Lastly_, In clear Rivers a small _Fly_ with slender Wings is best, and
+in muddied Rivers a Fly of a more than Ordinary large Body.
+
+
+Thus much for Flies, I come next to that I called _Dead-Baits_, and
+shall begin with the several Wayes of making Pastes.
+
+
+_Of Pastes._
+
+1. Beat in a Mortar the Leg of a young _Coney_ (Vulgarly called the
+_Almond_) or of a Whelp or Catling, and a quantity of Virgins Wax and
+_Sheeps_ suet, till they are incorporated, and temper them with
+clarified _Honey_ into Paste.
+
+2. _Sheeps_ Blood, _Cheese_, fine _Manchet_ and clarified _Honey_
+tempered as before.
+
+3. _Sheeps_-Kidney-Suet, _Cheese_, fine Flower, with clarified _Honey_
+tempered.
+
+4. _Cherries_, _Sheeps_ Blood, _Saffron_ and fine _Manchet_ made into a
+Paste.
+
+5. Beat into a Paste; the fattest Old _Cheese_, the strongest _Rennet_
+can be got, fine _Wheat-flower_ and _Annis-seed_ Water: If for a _Chub_
+you make the Paste, put a little rafty _Bacon_.
+
+Lastly, _Mutton_-Kidney Suet, and _Turmerick_ reduced to a fine Powder,
+the fattest old _Cheese_ and strongest _Rennet_, wrought to a Paste,
+adding _Turmerick_, till the Paste be of a curious Yellow; and is
+excellent and approved for _Chevin_.
+
+All which Pastes when you use them, that you may have the desired
+Effects of your Pains infallibly follow, anoint your Bait with this
+Confection: Take the Oyl of _Aspray_, _Coculus India_, and _Assa Foetida_
+beaten, and mix with it as much Life-_Honey_; then dissolve them in the
+Oyle of _Polypody_, and keep it in a close Glass for your use. And that
+your Paste may not wash off your Hook, beat Cotten-Wool or Flax into�it.
+
+
+_Of keeping Baits._
+
+For the keeping and preserving all quick Baits, you must keep them
+separately as they are several, not altogether; and feed them with that
+they most delight in; as for instance, in short:
+
+The _Red-Worm_, must be kept in a bag of Red Cloth, with a handful of
+chopt _Fennel_, mixt with half so much fresh, black and fertile Mould,
+will scoure and preserve them: All other Worms, with the Leaves of Trees
+they are bred on, renewing them often in a day. Only the _Cad-bait_,
+_Bob_ and _Canker_, &c. must be kept in the same things you find them.
+
+The great _White Maggots_, keep them in Sheeps-Tallow, or little bits of
+a beasts Liver; and to scoure them, hang them warm in a bag of
+Blanketing with Sand.
+
+The _Frogs and Grasshoppers_, in wet Moss and long Grass, frequently
+moistned; and when used, the Legs of the first, and the Wings of the
+other must be cut close off.
+
+The _Flies_ use them as you take them. Only the _Wasps_, _Hornets_ and
+_Humble-Bee_, must be dryed in an Oven, their heads dipt in Sheeps
+blood, and dryed again, may be kept in a Box for use.
+
+Thus much shall suffice for the Anglers Tools and Baits, I�shall now
+lead him to his Sport, having first Clad himself with all inward and
+outward Ornaments.
+
+_Inward_, In having his Mind cloathed with these Qualifications, _viz._
+
+1. _Learning_, throughly to understand his Art, and skilfully argue and
+dispute its Excellency, _&c._
+
+2. _Faith_, to enjoy the Benefit of his Expectation.
+
+3. _Love_, to his Pleasure, not thinking it irksom and tedious, to his
+Neighbour, in not offending him.
+
+4. _Patience_, In not excruciating himself for Accidents of Losses,
+_&c._
+
+5. _Humility_, in wetting himself, lying down, kneeling, _&c._ as
+Occasion requires.
+
+6. _Liberality_, in dispencing to others the Fruits of his Labour.
+
+_Outward_, In cloathing his body with plain and comely Apparel, of sad
+dark Colours, as sad grayes, tawny, purple, hair or Musk Colour. Warm
+and well lined, to prevent the Evils which the Coldness of the Air,
+or Moistness of the Water may produce.
+
+And now thus equipt let us walk to the Rivers side, there give me leave
+to direct you in the _Measures_ you must take and observe, for the
+obtaining the End of what all our forementioned Preparations aime at;
+I�mean the Catching those sundry kinds of Fish I enumerated at the
+begining of this Discourse; and observing that first method, I�shall
+Alphabetically describe, what Baits are most Proper for taking them, and
+How to use them.
+
+To begin then with the _Barbel_. The best time for Angling for this Fish
+is at the latter end of _May_, _June_, _July_, and beginning of
+_August_, in his Haunts aforementioned; and the best Bait (omiting
+others) is the well-scoured _Lob-Worm_ (being of a curious cleanly
+Palate as well as shape) or Cheese steept an hour or two in clarified
+Honey. He is a subtile Fish, extraordinary strong, and dogged to be
+dealt with, and therefore be sure to have your Rod and Line strong and
+long, or you may endanger to break�it.
+
+The _Breame_ is next in order; The most seasonable time to Angle for him
+is from St. _James_ tide till _Bartholomew_ tide. He spawneth in _June_
+or begining of _July_; is easily taken, as falling on his side after one
+or two gentle turnes, and so drawn easily to Land. The best Bait for him
+is that (most delightful to him) _Red-Worme_ (found in Commons &
+_Chalky_ Grounds after Rain) at the root of a great _Dock_, wrapt up in
+a round Clue. He loves also Paste, Flag-Wormes, Wasps, Green-Flies,
+Butter-Flies, and a Grass-hopper, without Leggs.
+
+Bait your Ground the night before with gross-ground Malt, boiled and
+strained, and then in the morning with the Red-Worm, bait your Hook, and
+plumbing your Ground within half an Inch, Fish.
+
+The _Bleak_, an eager Fish, is caught with all sorts of Worms bred on
+Trees or Herbs, also with _Flies_, _Cad-bait_, _Bobs_, _Paste_,
+_Sheeps-Blood_, _White Snails_, _Wasps_, _Gnats_, &c. In a warm clear
+day the small Flye at the rim of the Water is best; In a Cloudy day,
+_Gentles_ or _Cadis_ two foot under the Water.
+
+The _Bull-head_ or _Millers-thumb_, being Childrens Recreation, I�shall
+speak little of, only being serviceable for Baits, I�shall only say he
+is easily taken with a small Worm, being lazie and simple, and will
+swallow any thing; and the _Minnow_, _Loach_, and _Bansticle_ being of
+the same diet, I�place here too.
+
+The _Chevin_, loveth all sorts of _Worms_, _Flies_, _Cheese_, _Grain_,
+and _Black Worms_, their Bellies being slit, that the White may be seen:
+And very much delighteth in the _Pith_ of an _Oxes back_, the tough
+outward skin being carefully taken off, without breaking the inward
+tender skin. In the Morning early angle for _Chevin_, with a _Snail_;
+in the heat of the day, with some other Bait; in the afternoon with the
+_Fly_; the great _Moth_, with a great Head, yellow Body, and whiteish
+Wings, usually found in _Gardens_, about the Evening: The larger the
+_Chevin_, the sooner taken; loving his Bait large, and variety on a
+Hook.
+
+The _Char_ is a _Lancashire Fish_, found in a _Mere_, called
+_Winander-Mere_ in that _County_, the largest in _England_; and being to
+be found no where else, I�shall not lead my _London_ Angler thither to
+teach him to take�it.
+
+The _Chub_, called by some a _Cheven_, by others a _Villain_, is a
+_Fish_ of no rare Meat; however, is good for a young Angler, and is thus
+to be taken: Bait your hook with a _Grass-hopper_, find the Hole where
+he lies, accompanied in a hot day, with twenty or more, floating almost
+on the very superficies of the Water; choose which you think best, and
+fairest, and drop your Hook some two foot before him, and he will bite
+at it greedily, and cannot break hold with his _Leather Mouth_; let him
+play and tire, lest you break your Line. If you cannot get a
+_Grass-hopper_, then any _Worm_, or _Fly_ you will. In cold Weather,
+fish for him near the Bottom, and the _Humble-Bee_ is the best Bait.
+Some appropriate Baits according to the Month, but I shall Omit that;
+The _Chub_ (being best and in his Prime in the Winter, and then
+excellent meat Baked) a�Paste made of _Cheese_, and _Turpentine_, is the
+only Bait to take him.
+
+The _Carp_ is subtle, and full of Policy, will never bite in Cold
+Weather, but in Hot you cannot be too Early, or too Late. In _March_, he
+seldome refuseth the _Red-Worme_, in _June_ the _Cadice_, and the three
+next _Months_ the _Grass-hopper_: Pastes that are sweet, of which I have
+spoken before, are very delightfull to _Carps_: And especially; if you
+Bait your ground two or three dayes before you angle, with _Pellets_ of
+course Paste, _Chickens-guts_, _Garbage_, &c. _Gentles_ anointed, and a
+Piece of _Scarlet_ dipt in _Honey_, put them on the Hook, is an approved
+way.
+
+The _Dace_, _Dare_, _Rudd_, and _Roach_, being much of a kind, and
+feeding, I�shall put together, and are easily taken with small _Worms_,
+_Bobs_, _Cadbaits_, _Flies_, _sheeps-Blood_, all sorts of _Worms_, bred
+on _Trees_ or _Herbs_, _Paste_, _Wasps_, _Gnats_, _Lipberries_, &c. The
+Heads of the _Wasps_, being dipt in Blood, is good for _Dace_, and
+_Dare_; as is likewise the _Ant-flie_.
+
+The _Eel_, takes great _Red-worms_, _Beef_, _Wasps_, _Guts_ of _Fowl_,
+or _Fish_, _Menow_, small _Roaches_ are good Bait for Night Hooks; the
+Hooks being in the Mouth of the _Fish_. Now because this is very
+delightfull to most, I�shall prescribe three wayes of taking them, as
+are most full of Pleasure. The first way is called, _Sniggling_, or
+_Broggling_ for _Eels_, thus: Take a strong Line and Hook, baited with a
+_Lob_, or _Garden-Worm_, and observing where _Eels_ lurk in the day
+time, with a stick forked at the Top, gently put your Bait into the
+Hole, and if there be any _Eels_ there, you will not fail of a Bite, of
+as large _Eels_ as can be had, but pull not too hard lest you spoyl all.
+The second is called _Bobbing_, which is thus done: Take some large well
+scowred _Lobs_, and with a Needle, run some strong twisted _Silk_
+through them, from end to end, so many as are enough to wrap about a
+Board near a dozen times; tye them fast with the two ends of the _Silk_
+to hang in so many Hanks; then fasten all to a strong Cord, and a
+handfull above the _Worms_ fasten a _Plumb_ of three quarters of a
+pound, and your Cord to a strong _Pole_, and in muddy Waters, you may
+_Fish_, and find the _Eels_ tug lustily, and when you think they have
+swallowed them, draw up your Line, and a-shore with them. _Lastly_, the
+_Eel-Spear_ made with four Teeth, jagged on both sides, stricken into
+the Mud, on the bottom of a River, and if you chance to strike where
+they lye, you infallibly take.
+
+There is likewise an assured way of taking _Eels_, approved to excel any
+other, thus done: Take some Bottles of _Hay_, mixt with green _Osiers_,
+or _Willows_, Bait them with _Sheeps Guts_, or other _Beasts Garbage_,
+sink them down in the middle, to the bottom of your _Pond_, or by the
+_Bank-sides_, having fastned a Cord to the Bottles, that you may twitch
+them up at your pleasure, and all the best _Eels_ will resort to them,
+and you may take abundance.
+
+The _Flounder_, _Shad_, _Thwait_, _Suant_, and _Mullet_, are taken with
+_Red-Worms_ of all sorts, _Wasps_, and _Gentles_.
+
+The _Grayling_ is next; In _Angling_ for which, you must head your Hook
+upon the shank, with a very slender and narrow plate of _Lead_, that the
+Bait (a�large _Grass-hopper_) may the more easily come over it; and at
+the point put a _Cadbait_, and keep the Bait in continual motion; not
+forgetting to pull off the _Grass-hoppers_ Wings.
+
+The _Gudgeon_, takes the smallest _Red-Worm_, _Wasps_, _Gentles_, and
+_Cadbaits_. When you _Fish_ for him, stir up the _Sand_ or _Gravel_ with
+a _Pole_, which will make them gather thither, and bite more eagerly.
+
+The _Guiniad_, I�shall remit speaking to, only mentioning it in course,
+being no where found, but in a place called, _Pemble-Mere_, in which
+place they abound, as the River _Dee_ does with _Salmon_.
+
+The _Pope_, or _Ruff_, is excellent for a young _Angler_, bites
+greedily, and quantities may be taken, by Baiting the Ground with
+_Earth_, and your Hook with small Red _Worms_.
+
+The _Pike_, loveth all sorts of Baits (unless the _Fly_) _Gudgeon_,
+_Dace_, _Roaches_ and _Loaches_; and young _Frogs_ in _Summer_ time,
+of which the yellowest is best.
+
+The _Pearch_, taketh all sorts of _Earth-worms_, especially the
+_Lob-worm_, and _Brandling_, well scowred, _Bobs_, _Oak-worms_, _Dors_,
+_Gentles_, _Cole-wort-worms_, _Wasps_, _Cadbaits_, and _Menow_, or a
+little _Frog_, the Hook being fastned through the skin of his Leg,
+towards the upper part of it. Be sure you give the _Pearch_ time enough
+to pouch his Bait, before you strike.
+
+The _Salmon_, is taken best with _Lob-worms_, scented with the Oyl of
+_Ivy-berries_, or the Oyl of _Polypody_ of the _Oak_ mixt with
+_Turpentine_: Or the well-scowred _Garden-worm_, is an excellent Bait:
+The _Salmon_ bites best in _May_, _June_, and _July_, at three a _Clock_
+in the Afternoon, if the Water be clear, a�little Wind stirring,
+especially near the _Sea_.
+
+The _Tench_, is a great lover of large Red _Worms_, first dipt in _Tar_.
+As also all sorts of Paste, made up with strong scented _Oyls_, or
+_Tar_, or a Paste made up of Brown _Bread_, and _Honey_. He will bite
+too at a _Cad-worm_, _Lob-worm_, _Flag-worm_, green _Gentle_, _Cadbait_,
+_Marsh-worm_, or soft boil'd _Bread-grain_.
+
+The _Torcoth_, being before mentioned, I�only let you know, that he is
+only found, in the Pool _Linperis_ in _Carnarvan-shire_; and leave you
+to the _Welch-mens_ description, both of him and his _Bait_.
+
+The _Trout_, is fattest, and in his prime in _May_, and is caught with
+all sorts of _Worms_, especially _Brandlings_, commonly found in an Old
+_Dung-hill_, _Cow-dung_, _Hors-dung_, or _Tanners-bark_: Also with
+_Flies_, Natural and Artificial, with young _Frogs_, _Menow_, _Marsh_,
+_Dock_ or _Flag-worms_; all sorts of _Cad-bait_, _Dors_, _Bobs_,
+_Palmers_, _Gentles_, _Wasps_, _Hornets_, &c. and with the
+_Catterpiller_, used according to the Rule before prescribed for the
+_Grayling_.
+
+_Lastly_, The _Umber_, endeth our _Alphabet_, and _Discourse_ of
+_Fishing_ too, and gives me occasion to add no more, but that he is
+taken as the _Trout_, just now mentioned; And therefore now to your
+Sport: To assist your well effecting which, I�have but this to add; Cast
+into your Haunts where you use to _Fish_, once in four or five dayes,
+soft boyled _Corn_ (or oftner for _Carp_, and _Tench_) Also _Garbage_,
+_Beasts Livers_, chopt _Worms_, _Grains_ steept in _Blood_, to attract
+them to the place; and to keep them together, throw in half a handfull
+of _Grains_ of ground _Malt_: But in a stream, cast it above your Hook,
+that floating towards you may draw the Fish thither.
+
+Before I conclude, I was afraid this discourse would have been
+imperfect, had not something been spoken of _Fish-ponds_, their
+Ordering, and Improving, that the private Gentleman may not be destitute
+of some appropriated place to himself, wherein he may Recreate himself
+in this excellent Pastime; great _Rivers_ belonging either to the King,
+or to Lords of Mannours, whose Authorities and Jurisdictions must be
+kept inviolate, and excludes our Intrusion there.
+
+
+_Of Fish-ponds._
+
+When you have a desire to dig a _Fish-pond_, coveting the several
+Advantages that do thence accrue to you, you must first of all consult,
+what _Grounds_ are most fit and proper to be cast into a Pond, _viz_,
+Those which are _Marrishy_; or _Boggy_; or full of _Springs_, unfit for
+_Grazing_, or to be put to any profitable use besides. Of these the
+last, full of _springs_, will yield the best Water; that which is
+_Marshy_ will feed Fish; and that which is _Boggy_ is best for a Defence
+against Thieves.
+
+Thus being furnished with a piece of Wast Ground, I�now mentioned, let
+us now to work; And first draw by small Trenches all the Springs or
+moist Veines into one place, and so drain the rest of the Ground; then
+mark out the Head of your Pond, and make it the highest part of the
+ground in the Eye, tho it be the lowest in the true Level: Cut the
+Trench of your _Floodgate_ so, that when the VVater is let out, it may
+have a swift Fall: On each side of which Trench drive in great Stakes of
+_Oak_, _Ash_ or (which is best) _Elme_, six foot long, and six Inches
+square; place these in Rowes four foot distance one from another, as
+broad and wide from the _Floodgate_ as you intend the Head of your Pond
+shall go: Now give us the Spade _Tom_, and fetch us the Pick-ax _Jack_,
+and to digging of our Pond; Dig it as big and large a Compass as the
+Ground will permit, throw your Earth amongst the said stakes, and ram it
+between them, hard and firm, till you have covered the stakes: Drive in
+as many new ones more besides the heads of the first stakes, and ram
+more Earth above them too: Do thus with stakes above stakes till the
+head-sides be of a convenient Height: Taking care, that the inside of
+your Banks be smooth, even, hard and strong, that you may not fear the
+wearing of the Earth off the stakes by any Current of the Water.
+
+Having thus digged about _eight foot deep_, that so it may carry about
+_six foot_ VVater, pave all the _bottom_ and the Banks of the Pond with
+large Sods of _Flot-Grass_, laying them very close together, pin them
+down fast with small stakes and windings: This Grass is a great Feeder
+of Fish, and grows naturally under VVater. Stake down to the bottom of
+one side of the Pond divers Bavens and Brush-VVood-Faggots, into which
+the Fish may cast their spawn, and preserve it: In another place lay
+Sods upon Sods, the grass sides together to nourish and breed _Eels_.
+
+The Pond being thus made, let in the Water, and now observe to store it
+thus: Put your _Carp_, _Breame_ and _Tench_ by themselves: _Pike_,
+_Pearch_, _Eel_ and _Tench_ (the Fishes Physician) by themselves; & for
+Food of the greater Fishes, as well as Meat for your greater Dishes, put
+good store of _Roach_, _Dace_, _Loach_ and _Menow_; and Lastly to every
+one _Melter_ put three _Spawners_, and in three Years the Increase will
+be great; and in five Years with difficulty destroyed.
+
+At the end of three Years _Sue your Pond_; which you must ever continue
+so to do, for that the _Roach_, &c. will increase in such abundance,
+that eating up the sweetest food, will make your other Fish, as _Carps_,
+&c. be lean and hunger-starved: And therefore every Year view your Pond,
+and observe if any such Fry appears; and use your Discretion.
+
+And because the _Carp_ is a Fish of a general Acceptation, and is of a
+_bon goust_ almost in every mans palate; and being by the aforesaid
+little Devourers and Multiplyers, very often Deceived in your
+expectation of a fat _Carp_, large and sweet; I�shall insert here an
+excellent VVay of making _Carps_ grow to an extraordinary Bigness in a
+Pond.
+
+
+_To make _Carps_ grow large, &c._
+
+About the Month of _April_, when you perceive your Pond grow low in
+VVater, rake all the sides where the VVater is fallen away with an Iron
+Rake, and sow _Hay-seeds_ there, and rake it well; and at the Latter end
+of Summer you shall have good store of Grass: The _Winter_ being come
+the VVater will encrease and over-top all the Grass, and there being
+VVater enough to carry them, the _Carps_ will resort to the seeds, and
+feed briskly and grow as fat as _Hoggs_: Thus do every _Summer_, till
+you sue your pond, and no River _Carp_ can surpass them.
+
+Thus much of _Fishing_ and _Fish-Ponds_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Shooting.
+
+
+The Use of the Bow is of so great Antiquity, and of so important a
+Consequence for a _defensive_ and _offensive Armes_, that I could not
+but a little consider, how needful the true knowledge of its Use was
+esteemed of Old, and how _little it is accounted_ now. It is uncertain,
+as well as (almost) unknown, who was the First Inventor of the Bow; but
+if we examine the _Probability_ there may be of its being derived from
+the Tyranical Government of _Nimrod_, that so _Mighty Hunter before the
+Lord_, we may _Conjecture_ him to be the first Inventor of the Bow: For
+as he is called the _First Founder_ of a _Monarchick Government_, by
+reducing and subduing a disordered People under the Government of
+himself; so was he likewise esteemed a _Mighty Hunter_ in another
+respect, for that he _Subdued likewise the Beasts of the Field_; as is
+observed of him and his Character, by sundry Commentators on him and his
+Family. So that in the whole we may suppose him to be the Inventor, or
+first Finder out of the Bow, as a Weapon of an infallible Execution and
+mortal Efficacy on that account. Nor can I find any mention made of the
+_Bow_ thro the whole Hystory of _Genesis_ from _Nimrod_ to _Esau_, they
+both being characterized with those Epithets of _Mighty and Cunning
+Hunters_, _Men of the Field_; who very well understood the Use of the
+Bow, as well for their _Profit_ as _Pleasure_; the last of which is
+particularly hinted in the commands of _Isaac_ to _Esau_, that with his
+_Quiver_ and his _Bow_, he should Hunt and take that only _Seasonable_
+Dish, which might procure and entaile a _Blessing_ on him and his
+Posterity. Nay, that Holy Patriarch _Jacob_ himself, in his last Will
+and Testament to his Illustrious Family, bequeaths a _singular Portion_
+to his beloved _Joseph_, which the _strength of his Bow_ had intitled
+him to. _Gen._ 48.�22.
+
+Nor are we to doubt in what Estimation it was held to the Reign of
+_David_ King of _Israel_, who thought it the most _Necessary
+Qualification_ of his Subjects, to be very well versed in the Use of the
+_Bow_. The _Bow_ which was the Famous _Signal_ between his beloved
+_Jonathan_ and himself, and made the private _Testimonial_ of the
+undeserv'd Fury of his Maliciously & Enviously incensed _Father Saul_:
+By reason of whose eminent Skill, in the expert use of it, he chants
+forth his _Mournful Elegy_, The _Bow of _Jonathan_ returned not empty,
+from the Blood of the slain_, &c. Nay further so useful (no doubt) he
+thought the Knowledge of the Bow was, and of so necessary a Consequence
+for a Defensive as well as Offensive Armes, that it is observable he
+issued out a particular Edict or Proclamation, commanding the _general
+Learning its use throughout_ Judah. And the Use of it continued and
+still does in the East, as the only Weapon they are skilled�in.
+
+Dr. _Heylin_ in his Cosmographical Description of the World, tells us,
+That the _Czeremissi_, a�People living in great Forrests, without
+Houses, feeding on Honey & the Flesh of Wild Beasts & Clothed with their
+Skins, under the Empire of the _Czar_ of _Russia_, are such excellent
+Archers, and so light of Foot, that they carry their Bows continually in
+their hands, and practise their Children so timely in it, that (after
+such an age) till they can hit a _White_ that is set before them, they
+give them nothing to eat.
+
+Further; it is recorded of the _Parthians_ (and indeed all the
+_Persians_ too) that their greatest Fame consisted in their skilful
+handling their _Bows_ and _Arrows_, & were deservedly reckon'd the best
+Archers in the World, having the Art of _Shooting backwards_, and making
+their _Retreat_ and _Flight_ more pernicious and terrible, than their
+_Charge_ and _Onset_. So that when _Marcus Crassus_ in his expedition
+against them, was told by an _Astrologer_, that having found an ill
+Aspect in _Scorpio_, he presaged his Enterprize would prove
+unsuccesseful, _Tush Man_ (quoth he) _I fear not Scorpio, but
+Sagittarius_.
+
+And to descend to our own Countrymen the English, the frequent Victories
+they obtained over the _French_ formerly, rendred them as famous and
+able Bow-men (next the _Parthians_) as were in the World.
+
+But since the Ingenious _Franciscan_ Fryer (_Bertholdus Swart_) appeared
+in _Germany_, his _Sulphureous_ Brain has quite (or almost) _blown_ up
+the Reputation of the Bow, and all other Ancient Devices and Engines of
+War, by his _Accidental Invention_ of that Fatal Instrument the _Gun_,
+which he first communicated to the _Venetians_, _Anno 1330_. Who gave by
+these (then so called) _Bombards_, a�notable discomfiture to the
+_Genoys_; and was next made use of by the Inhabitants of the _Baltick
+Sea_; And at the Siege of _Callice_ _Anno 1347._ used by the _English_;
+who taught it the _Mounsieur Frenchman_, and he gratified him with the
+death of the Famous Leader, _Thomas Mountacute_ Earl of _Salisbury_,
+shot at the Siege of _Orleance_, _Anno. 1425_. After which _Spain_
+learnt it, and the _Jews_ and _Moors_ from thence taught the _Turk_; and
+from the first Invention of _large_ and _unweildy_, they were made fit
+for _Walls_ and _Hands_; and in fine _is a less expensive way of
+shedding blood than that of Archery is_.
+
+Thus you see how Ancient the Use of the _Bow_ is, and how lately its
+Disuse began (I�mean in relation to the Common-Wealth, as a defensive,
+or offensive Weapon) and how great the Ancient Fame of our _English_ was
+in the knowledge of it: However the Glory of it is somewhat still
+preserved (though in a Pastime) by the Honourable City of _London_,
+whose _Lord Mayor_ annually appears to see a _Prize_ performed by
+_Shooting_ with a Pound _Arrow_: And therefore all I have to say more,
+is, That it is deservedly placed amongst my Recreations, having
+_Metamorphosed_ its Use, and become a Healthful Conserver, instead of
+Destroyer of mens Bodies. And is vulgarly distinguished into two sorts,
+the _Long-bow_, and the _Cross_ or _Crow-Bow_.
+
+I shall begin first with the _Long-bow_, whose Use is (now) thus to be
+understood. That it conduces much to the Health of our Body, disperses
+our stagnated Blood, extends our contracted Limbs, and renders the
+Members of our Bodies plyant, and flexible; and for the better obtaining
+these Effects, the following Rules are to be Observed.
+
+Before the _Archer_ goes to his Sport (to follow the Method of this
+Treatise) he must first provide himself with necessary _Accoutrements_,
+_viz_, The _Bow_ which claimes his first Care, must be the best (_as
+best is best Cheap_) of _Spanish_ or _English Yew_, (the _VVithen_, or
+_Elme_ being the worst:) Next his _Shaft_, which must be of _Birch_,
+_Sugar-Chest_, or _Brazeel_, with _Gray_, or _White Feathers_.
+
+Thus equipt, to the Field, and here we are to understand three sorts of
+_Marks_, _viz_, The _But_, which is a _Mark_ that is level, and requires
+a strong _Arrow_ with a broad Feather: The _Prick_, a�_Mark_ of some
+compass, of a certain distance, requires an _Arrow_ that is strong, and
+nimble, with a middle Feather: The _Rover_, is an uncertain _Mark_, and
+Proportionable to the distance, suit your _Arrows_. But before you
+Shoot, hold a little, and hearken to your Charge.
+
+_First_, The _Archer_ must have a good _Eye_, to see and discern his
+_Mark_; attended with a _Knowing Judgment_, to Understand the distance
+of Ground, and in what compass his _Arrow_ must Fly, and to take the
+true Advantage of a Side-Wind; and a Dexterity to give his _Shaft_ a
+sharp strong and sudden Loose, and without hanging on the string, to
+draw his _Arrow_ close to the Head, and in an instant deliver�it.
+
+_Secondly_, He must observe a _Decorum_ in his standing Posture, that
+his Body be fair, comely, and upright; his left Foot a convenient stride
+before his right, with both his Hams stiff, his left Arm holding his
+_Bow_ in the midst, stretch'd out streight; and with his three
+Fore-Fingers and Thumb of his right-hand, draw the string to his right
+Ear, the Notch of his _Arrow_ resting between his fore and long Fingers
+of his Right-Hand, and the _Steel_ of his _Arrow_ below the _Feathers_
+upon the middle _Knuckle_ of his fore-finger, on his Left-Hand, drawing
+it up close, as abovesaid.
+
+The _Cross-Bow_ (as I said in the Introduction to this _Treatise_) is of
+equal Benefit and Pleasure with the _Long-Bow_, when through an
+imbecillity in the _Arm_ or _Back_, that will not be a suitable
+Recreation: This _Bow_ must be made of the same Wood with the other, for
+_Gafel_ carried upon a string, and the other end being placed in a Rest,
+furnish your self with strong and heavy _Arrows_, suitable to your
+_Bows_ strength, and all the foregoing _Marks_, may afford you an equal
+Delight with the Former; but especially for Persons that have the
+unhappiness of looking asquint, it is an excellent Disposer of the
+sight, to a direct Line, and helps that _Watermans_ quality of _Looking
+one way, and Rowing another_. Thus much shall suffice for _Shooting_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Bowling,
+
+
+This is a Recreation of an Ancient Institution, the _Lydians_ being
+thought to have been the first Inventors of _Sph�romachia_, which
+signifies _Bowling_, as well as _Tennis-Playing_; besides these they
+instituted several other Games, as the _Dice_, _Tables_, _Cards_, &c.
+Necessity, and Hunger enforcing them to that Ingenuity, as _Persius_
+well observes, _Artis Magister, Ingenijque largitor Venter_: For that
+Country being Oppressed with a great Dearth and Famine, in the time of
+_Atis_, one of the Progenitors of _Omphale_, they Devised these Games,
+that every second day playing at them, they might beguile their Hungry
+Bellies, and drive away the Tediousness of the Famine. And indeed,
+according to its Original institution, of infinite use for the diverting
+Melancholly, for Exercise of the Body, by runing and stirring in this
+Game, for helping likewise sundry Bodily Infirmities, as the _Stone_,
+_Gravel_, _Reins_, &c. For which aforesaid ends several Pious, Learned
+and Sober Persons have sometimes made up the Company of a
+_Bowling-Green_ (tho I must confess rarely to be seen in those common
+_Bowling-Allies_ and _Bares_, which too usually are pestered with
+_Damming-Rooks_, _Cunning Betters_, _Crafty Matchers_, and base
+_Booty-Players_:) Herein we may see the World moralized, or
+emblematically described, where most are short, over, wide or
+wrong-Byassed, and few justle in to the Mistress _Fortune_: On one side
+we find _Heraclitus_ and his Followers fret, vex, rail, swear and cavil
+at every thing; on the other side _Democritus_, and his Company rejoice
+and laugh, as if they were created for that purpose. On one side you may
+see the _Mimick_ screwing and twisting his Body into several Postures,
+which he perswades himself adds either to the Swiftness or Slowness of
+his Bowl; On the other side the senseless _Orator_, with his perswasive
+Intreaties of _Rub, O�Rub a little_; Or, _Flee, Flee_, and the like, to
+hasten or retard the Speed of his Bowl; when if the stupid Bowl lend a
+deaf Ear to his Perswasions, then he _belyes_ his Disobedience, by
+crying _Short, Short, O�Short_, when tis gone ten yards over; and when
+tis bowled short of the _Jack_ six yards, he cryes, _Gone a Mile,
+a�Mile, a�Mile_, &c. But not to detain you any longer in characterizing
+this excellent sport: (_Excellent_ I mean if rightly used) I�shall
+before I lead you into the _Green_ or _Bare_, instruct you in some
+Rules, how to choose your _Bowls_.
+
+The first and greatest Cunning to be observed in _Bowling_, is the right
+_chusing your Bowl_, which must be suitable to the Grounds you design to
+run on, thus: For _close Alleys_, your best Choice is the _Flat Bowl_:
+2.�For _open Grounds_ of Advantage, the _Round-Byassed-Bowl_; 3.�For
+_Green Swarths_, that are plain and level, the Bowl that is _Round as a
+Ball_.
+
+The next thing requires your Care is, _The chusing out your Ground_, and
+preventing the Windings, Hangings, and many turning _Advantages_ of the
+same, whether it be in open wide places, as _Bares_ and
+_Bowling-Greens_, or in close _Bowling-Alleys_.
+
+Lastly, Have your _Judgment_ about you to observe and distinguish the
+_Risings_, _Fallings_ and _Advantages_ of the Places where you Bowl:
+Have your _Wits_ about you to avoid being rookt of your Money: And have
+your Understanding about you, to know your best Time and Opportunity for
+this Recreation; and finally a studious Care of your Words and Passions,
+and then _Bowl_ away, and you may deserve, _Well have you Bowled
+indeed_.
+
+But methinks I cannot conclude here, without admiring how aptly a
+Bowling-Green is by the Divine _Quarles_ characterized, in the following
+Verses, thus.
+
+  _Brave pastime, _Readers_, to consume that Day,
+  Which without Pastime flies too swift away!
+  See how they Labour, as if Day and Night
+  Were both too short to serve their loose Delight?
+  See how their curved _Bodies_ wreath, and skrue
+  Such Antick shapes as _Proteus_ never knew:
+  One rapps an Oath, another deals a Curse,
+  He never better bowl'd, this never worse;
+  One rubs his itchless Elbow, shruggs and laughs,
+  The t'other bends his beetle-brows, and chafes;
+  Sometimes they whoop, sometimes the _Stygian_ Cryes,
+  Send their black _Santo's_ to the blushing Skies:
+  Thus mingling Humours in a mad Confusion
+  They make bad Premisses and worse Conclusion._
+
+Thus much for _Bowling_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Tennis.
+
+
+This Recreation is of the same Date for its _Antiquity_ of Invention
+with _Bowling_, and for the _Violence_ of its Exercise to be preferred
+before it. This sport indeed is of so universal an Acceptance, that
+Majesty it self is pleased to design it its Recommendation, by tracking
+its laborious steps; and _Princes_ and _Lords_ admire it too for the
+most proper Recreation, to suit with _Innocence_, and _true Nobility_.
+Here the body is briskly exercised more than ordinary, and inured in
+_Agility_ and _Nimbleness_; this renders the Limbs flexible and
+mettlesom, and adapts them for the most Vigorous Enterprize: It makes
+the languid and slothful, _brisk_ and _sprightful_; and rejects
+_Effeminacy_ and _Delicacy_, as contemptible and unworthy so Royal and
+Noble a Recreation: And so General indeed is the Estimation this
+Exercise of _Tennis_ amongst most meets with, that it is reckoned one of
+the most absolute Qualifications of a well-bred Gentleman, throughly to
+understand this famous Game.
+
+But why should we wonder at the general Love Gentlemen have for this
+Recreation, since it must be acknowledged, it challengeth as deserving a
+place in the Catalogue of violent Exercises, as any that goes before it
+in this Treatise; indeed it may be well rankt among those great
+Excellencies of Exercise which rendered the _Lacedemonians_, Famous to
+all Posterity for instructing their young Gentlemen and Noblemen in: Nay
+for ought I know it is a _derivative Vertue_ which descended to the true
+_English_ Gentleman, from that so excellent Method of Education used
+amongst the Warlike Nation the _Gothes_: Who (as _Olaus Magnus_ informes
+us) amongst the greatest Severities, as _Beatings_ and _Wounds_, _Change
+of Heat into sudden Cold_, _lying_ (not on _Downe_ but) upon _Boards_,
+_coursely clad_, and _Feeding_ on _Ordinary_, but strong _Food_, used
+themselves to the most tedious, wearisome and Violent Exercises, as
+_Riding_, _Darting_, _Shooting_, &c. _Wearing heavy Armes_, _Swimming on
+Horse-Back and in Armour_; And had they been acquainted with this
+Exercise of _Tennis_, would not have omitted that neither: But I shall
+not enlarge any further on its _Encomium_, its being the Pastime of the
+most knowing and greatest men, shall stop any longer _Eulogies_ my Pen
+can make on its Worth and Excellence. All I have to say is, I�am
+heartily sorry, there are no _Rules_ which fall within the Sphere of
+_Demonstration_, to be laid down for my Readers use, for the right
+prosecuting this Noble Game: Practice and Experience alone must be his
+Information and Direction, and not any Writing may be communicated to
+him: Only let me say this.
+
+_Tennis_ and _Baloon_ are Sports which are play'd almost with the same
+Instruments; and therefore may be under one and the same Head: The first
+is a pastime, used in close or open Courts, by striking a little _Round
+Ball_ to and fro, either with the _Palmes_ of the hands (and then is
+called _Pila palmaria_ in Latin) or else a _Racket_, made for the
+purpose, round with Net or Cat-gut, with a Handle: The other a strong
+and moving Sport in the Open Fields with a great Ball of a double
+Leather filled with Wind, and so driven to and fro with the strength of
+a Mans Arm, armed in a Brace of Wood: And thus much shall suffice to
+speak of the _Baloon_ and _Tennis_; only let me desire you, let not this
+or any other Pastime disturb your Minds; divert you from the diligent
+and careful Prosecution of your own lawful Business; or invite you to
+throw away your Time and Money too lavishly and idley; nor engage you in
+any Passion; that so you may not offend God, dislike your _Neighbour_,
+nor incomode your _Self_ and _Family_ in your Well-being and Felicity;
+and then you may recreate your self without Fear, and in this Recreation
+observe the ensuing Morality of
+
+
+The Tennis-Court.
+
+  _When as the Hand _at Tennis_ Playes,
+      And Men to Gaming fall,
+  _Love_ is the _Court_, _Hope_ is the _House_,
+      And _Favour_ serves the _Ball_._
+
+  _This _Ball_ it self is _due Desert_,
+      The _Line_ that measure showes
+  Is _Reason_, whereon _Judgment_ looks
+      Where Players win and lose._
+
+  _The _Tutties_ are _Deceitful Shifts_,
+      The _Stoppers_, _Jealousy_,
+  Which hath Sir _Argus_ hundred Eyes,
+      Wherewith to watch and pry._
+
+  _The _Fault_ whereon _Fifteen is lost_,
+      Is _Want of Wit and Sense_,
+  And he that brings the _Racket_ in
+      Is _Double Diligence_._
+
+  _But now the _Racket_ is _Free-Will_,
+      Which makes the _Ball_ rebound,
+  And noble _Beauty_ is the _Choice_,
+      And of each Game the _Ground_._
+
+  _Then _Racket_ strikes the _Ball_ away,
+      And there is _Over-sight_,
+  A _Bandy_ ho! the People cry,
+      And so the _Ball_ takes flight._
+
+  _Now at the length _Good-liking_ proves
+      _Content_ to be their _Gain_:
+  Thus in the _Tennis-Court_, _Love is
+      A Pleasure mixt with Pain_._
+
+
+
+
+Of Ringing.
+
+
+Since this Recreation of _Ringing_ is become so highly esteemed, for its
+excellent _Harmony of Musick_ it affords the _Ear_, for its
+_Mathematical Invention_ delighting the _Mind_, and for the _Violence of
+its Exercise_ bringing Health to the _Body_, causing it to transpire
+plentifully, and by Sweats dissipate and expel those Fuliginous thick
+_Vapours_, which _Idleness_, _Effeminacy_ and _Delicacy_ subject men to;
+I�say for these and sundry other Reasons, I�was induced to bring this of
+_Ringing_ into the Company of _Exercises_ in this Treatise, that I might
+as well recreate you with some health-conducing Pleasure at _home_, as I
+have carryed you _abroad_, and there endeavoured to please you in what
+Pastime your Inclinations may most peculiarly select.
+
+Whosoever would then become an accurate Master of this excellent Art and
+Pleasure, and is very desirous to be esteemed an Elaborate and Ingenious
+_Ringer_, and be enrolled amongst that Honoured _Society_ of +Colledge
+Youths+; I�must beg Leave to instruct him before he enters the
+_Bell-free_, in these ensuing short Rules, which he must strictly
+observe. _viz._
+
+1. That as all _Musick_ consists in these six plain _Notes_, _La Sol Fa
+Mi Re Ut_; so in _Ringing_, a�Peal of Bells is Tuned according to these
+Principles of Musick: For as each _Bell takes its Denomination from the
+Note it Sounds_, by its being flatter or deeper, as, _First_, or Treble,
+_Second_, _Third_, _Fourth_, &c. as they are in number to _Ten_ or
+_Twelve_ Bells, the Last being called the _Tennor_; So must they
+successively strike one after another both _Fore-stroke_ and
+_Back-stroke_, in a due Musical Time or Equidistance, to render their
+Harmony the more pleasant, and to make the Young Practitioner the better
+informed to observe the _Life of Musick_, and indeed of true Ringing,
+_Time_; and therefore is called, _Round-Ringing_.
+
+2. As in Musick, so in Ringing there are _three Concords_, so called
+from their Melodious Harmony and Agreement, which Principally are these;
+_Thirds_, _viz._ 1�3, 2�4. _&c._ _Fifths_ 1�5, 2�6 _&c._ _Eights_ 1�8,
+2�9, 3�10 &c. and these are the more pleasant according to the Number of
+Bells they are struck on, and as they are struck, whether seperately or
+mutually. From hence _Changes_ are made, which is only a Changing place
+of one _Note_ with another, so variously, as Musick may be heard a
+thousand wayes of Harmony; which being so obvious to common Observation,
+I�shall not go about to demonstrate; for that if two may be varied two
+wayes, surely by the _Rule of Multiplication_, a�Man may easily learn
+how many times 6,�7, 8, 9, 10, or 12 Bells Notes may be varied, which
+will run almost _ad infinitum_.
+
+3. For the better observing the Ringing of _Changes_ or _Rounds_, these
+three things are to be noted.
+
+1. _The Raising true in Peal._
+
+2. _Ringing at a low Compass_; And
+
+3. _Ceasing in true Peal_; All which three are the most essential Parts
+to render a Practitioner _Excellent_.
+
+1. For _Raising a Peal of Bells true_, the modern & best Practice
+recommends the _swiftest and quickest possible_, every one taking
+Assistance to raise his Bell, as its going requires: The _lesser_ Bells
+as _Treble_, _&c._ being by main strength _held down_ in their first
+Sway (or pull) to get time for the striking of the rest of Larger
+Compass; and so continued to be strong pulled till Frame-high, and then
+may be slackned: The _Bigger_, as _Tenor_, &c. must be _pincht_ or
+checkt over head, that the Notes may be heard to strike roundly and
+hansomely. Observe that all the Notes strike round at one Pull: I�do not
+mean the First; but 'tis according to the Bigness and Weightiness of
+your Bells: However in raising a Peal, do not let one _Bell_ strike
+before the rest, or miss when the rest do; this is contrary to the
+Strict Rules of _true Ringing_: And this is called _Round-Ringing_. Now
+if you design to raise a Peal of Bells for _Changes_, you ought to raise
+them to a Set-Pull, as the most proper for commanding the Notes, and he
+who is not well skilled to manage his Bell at a _Set-Pull_, will be apt
+to drop or overturn it, be in a Wood, and fruitlessly toil and moil
+himself. Therefore in practising the Setting of a Bell, cast your Eye
+about the other Bell-Ropes, during your managing your own, that you may
+accustome your selfe to manage it according to the _Change_.
+
+2. For _Ringing at a Low Compass_, is thus observed: By keeping a due
+_punctum_ or beat of Time, in the successive striking one after another
+of every Bell; the _best Ringer_ being set to the _Treble_, that may
+guide and direct the rest of the Notes in their due _Measure_.
+
+3. For _Ceasing a Peal of Bells_; Let them fall gradually from a set
+_Peal_, checking them only at Sally, till the low Compass renders it
+useless; and when so low, that for want of Compass, they can scarce
+strike at Back-stroak; then let the _Treble_-Ringer stamp, as a Signal,
+to notify, that the next time they come to strike at the Fore-stroke,
+to check them down, to hinder their striking the Back-stroke; yet
+Fore-stroke continued, till brought to a neat and gracefull Chime, which
+may be the _Finis_ to that _Peal_.
+
+Thus much in short, for _Raising_, _Round-Ringing_, and _Ceasing_ a
+_Peal_ of _Bells_; I�come next to lead you forth into that spacious
+_Field_ of Variety of _Changes_, and present you with Instructions that
+may be meerly necessary, for the right Understanding the several kinds
+of them.
+
+Now in _Ringing Changes_, two of our best Senses, are to be employed,
+_viz._ The _Ear_, and the _Eye_: The _Ear_, Hearing when to make a
+_Change_; and the _Eye_ directing the _Bell_ in making it: The _Bells_
+being the Object of the Former, and the _Bell-Ropes_ the Object of the
+Latter. And to render both the Eye and Ear Usefull in Ringing _Changes_,
+these _Five_ things are throughly to be Understood
+
+_First._ Endeavour to distinguish the _Notes_ of a _Peal_ of _Bells_,
+one from another while Ringing.
+
+_Secondly_, Learn to apprehend the Places of the _Notes_.
+
+_Thirdly_, Understand the Precendency of _Notes_.
+
+_Fourthly_, How to make a _Change_ in _Ringing_.
+
+_Fifthly_, and _Lastly_. How to Practise the four fore-going Notions in
+General.
+
+1. _To know the Notes of a Peal of Bells asunder_ (which is easy in
+_Round-Ringing_) in _Changes_ is thus: Get the skill of Tuning them with
+your _Voice_, by imitating their Notes while _Ringing_. Or if you are
+acquainted, either by your self or Friend, with some _Singing-master_,
+or one who has skill in _Singing_, get him to instruct you in the true
+Pitch of any _Note_, and aid your distinguishing them; otherwise you may
+be puzzled in this, to know which is _Treble_, which _Second_, &c. as in
+532641, _&c._
+
+2. To know the Places of the _Notes_, is no way better to be apprehended
+than thus: The Practitioner ought to form an _Idea_ in his Head of the
+Place of each _Note_, whether in a direct _Line_, or _Obliquely_; and
+representing them by a _Figure_ in his mind, see (as it were) by the Eye
+of his Understanding each stroke of the _Bell_, as the _Treble_,�1.
+_Second_�2. _Third_�3. _&c._ so that as the _Ear_ is to direct him, when
+to make the Change, so a right Apprehension of the _Motion_ and _Places_
+of the _Notes_, ought to be a means to guide his Ear.
+
+3. The Precedency of _Notes_, is of a very Obvious Demonstration; thus:
+In Ringing _Changes_, the Fore and Back-stroke, successively following
+one another, are properly said to _Lye behind_ one another, according to
+their places of striking. Or in short, in 12345. the _Note_ that leads
+either at Fore or Back-stroak, is said to _Lye before_ the rest, and the
+last to be behind. As the 2 is said to lye behind the�1, so it lyeth
+before the�3, as the 3 lyeth behind the�2, so it lyeth before the�4. And
+so of as many as are _Rung_.
+
+4. The manner of making a _Change_, is very common, and needs no
+particular, but general Rule; That it is made by moving one _Note_ into
+anothers place, Up and Down, as Occasion requires; but all usually made
+by two _Notes_ standing one next the other, as hereafter may be
+Observed.
+
+_Lastly_, In your Ringing _Changes_, these two things (in which consists
+the practick part of this Art) are to be rightly considered. _First_,
+Readily to know which two _Bells_ are to make the succeeding _Change_.
+And _Secondly_, to consider (if you are concern'd in it) what _Bell_ you
+are to follow in making it. To understand which the more perfectly, you
+must imprint in your memory, the Method of the _Changes_ prick'd in
+_Figures_, and to be expert likewise in setting them down divers wayes,
+and making any _Figure_ a _Hunt_ at Pleasure; and thus without pausing
+or hesitating to consider the Course, you may throughly understand the
+Methods; the Four preceding Observations being first perfectly
+understood.
+
+There are two wayes of _Ringing Changes_, viz. By _Walking_ them, as the
+Artists stile it; or by _Whole-pulls_, or _Half-pulls_: _Walking_ is,
+when in one _Change_ the _Bells_ go round, _Four_, _Six_, or _Eight_
+times; which is a most incomparable way to improve a young Practitioner,
+by giving him time to consider, which two _Bells_ do make the next
+succeeding _Change_, and in making it, what _Bell_ each is to follow;
+so that by this means (by his industry) he may be capable of Ringing at
+_Whole-Pulls_; Which is, when the _Bells_ go round in a Change at fore
+and back-stroke; and a new Change is made every time they are pulled
+down at Sally: This an Ancient Practice, but is now laid aside, since we
+have learnt a more advantageous way of hanging our _Bells_, that we can
+manage a _Bell_ with more ease at a Set-Pull than formerly: So that
+Ringing at _Half-Pulls_ is now the modern general Practice; that is,
+When one Change is made at Fore-Stroke, another at Back-Stroke, _&c._
+
+I have one Thing more to add in these _introductory_ Rules, and that in
+short is this: He that Rings the slowest _Hunt_, ought to notify the
+_extreme Changes_; which is, when the Leading _Bell_ is pulling down,
+that he might make the Change next before the Extreme, he ought to say,
+_Extreme_. By this means, betwixt the Warning and the Extreme there will
+be one compleat Change.
+
+
+_Of Changes_, &c.
+
+There are _two kinds of Changes_, viz. _Plain Changes_, and
+_Cross-Peals_; which Terms do denote the _Nature_ of them; for as the
+first is stiled _Plain_, so are its Methods easy; and as the second is
+called _Cross_, so are its Methods cross and intricate: The First have a
+general Method, in which all the Notes (except Three) have a direct
+_Hunting-Course_, moving gradually under each other, plainly and
+uniformly: _Plain_ are likewise termed _single Changes_, because there
+is but one single Change made in the striking all the Notes round,
+either at fore or back-stroke. But the Second is _various_, each Peal
+differing in its Course from all others; and _in Cross-Peals as many
+Changes may be made as the Notes will permit_. In short, as to
+_Plain-Changes_, I�shall not dilate on them here, it being so _plainly_
+understood by every one that lately have rung a _Bell_ in peal; All
+therefore I shall add is this, That any two Notes that strike next
+together may make a Change, which may be done either _single_ or
+_double_, as you list. The _single_, by changing Two Notes; and the
+_Double_, by changing Four, _i. e._ Two to make one Change, and two
+another; which is however called _One double Change_, and not two
+Changes; because tis made in striking the Notes of the _Bells_ once
+round. For the rest, common Observation and Practice bids me stop here,
+and demands a Clearing those dark Intricacies which attend
+_Cross-Peals_.
+
+
+_Of Cross-Peals._
+
+_Art_, being a curious Searcher and Enquirer into the hidden and
+abstruse _Arcana_'s of Difficulties, having found out that dark and
+remote Corner of Obscurity, wherein the nature of these _Cross-Peals_
+lay at first invelopped, has exhibited by its _Proselytes_ the ensuing
+Demonstrations of that which before lay mantled up in Doubt: And to
+effect this, these _Favourites of Art_ have, like ingenious Architects,
+made Order and Method the _Basis_, on which the whole Structure depends:
+For in these _Cross-Peals_ we must observe the _prime Movement_, which
+sets the whole Frame a going, and that is called the _Hunt_, which hath
+_One constant Uniform Motion throughout the Peal_, and different from
+that of the other Notes; and indeed by this the whole Course of the Peal
+is Steered. This keeps a continual motion through the other Notes,
+_i.�e._ From Leading, to strike behind, and from thence again to Lead;
+which is called one _compleat Course_.
+
+Some Peals upon _five Bells_ consist of _single_ Courses, wherein are
+ten Changes, and twelve Courses make the Peal. Others upon Five, consist
+of Double Courses, wherein are twenty Changes to every Course, and six
+Courses in the Peal.
+
+Upon _six Bells_ there are likewise _single_ and _double_ Courses,
+_viz._ Twelve Changes in every single Course, as in _Grandsire Bob_, &c.
+and Twenty-four Changes in every Double Course, as in _Colledge Bobs_,
+that being the first Change of every Course, wherein the _Hunt_ leaves
+Leading: In short, judiciously observe the first Course of any
+_Cross-Peal_, and you will soon see the general Method of the whole
+Peal: All Courses in Cross-Peals agreeing in these following three
+Respects. First, _In the motion of the Hunt_. Secondly, _In the motion
+of the rest of the Notes_: And Thirdly, _In making the Changes_. Which
+three things being well (to omit Instances of Demonstration) and
+narrowly observed, will be very helpful both in pricking and ringing
+Courses; the first and third for directing you in Pricking them, and the
+first and second in Ringing them.
+
+There is one _Difficulty_ to be removed e're I can come to prick down
+those _Peals_ I design to be the Subject of the Discourse of this
+_Epitome_, and that is, _How to make the first Changes at the beginning
+of each Peal_; I�mean to make the _Second_, _Third_, _Fourth_, &c.
+_whole Hunts_; and this in short is thus directed: In any _Cross-Peal_
+the _Whole Hunt_ may move either up or down at the beginning; and the
+Motion of the _Whole Hunt_, in the first Course of each of the following
+Peals, will direct the first Motion of any _Cross-hunt_, and by
+Consequence of making the first Changes in that Peal. Taking along with
+you this Observation.
+
+That whensoever the first Change of any Peal happens to be _single_, it
+must be made at the back-stroke, to prevent _cutting Compass_; and the
+like when a double Change happens first in a Peal of _Triples and
+doubles_: But when it happens, that the first Change is made at the
+Back-stroke, then Consequently the Bells at the end of the Peal will
+come round at a Fore-stroke Change.
+
+I shall omit speaking to any of the several _Peals_ on _four or five
+Bells_; for that in my Opinion little _Musick_ is heard, though much
+_practical Observation_ is made, from them; and therefore shall begin
+with _Grandsire-Bob_, as having mentioned it but just before in my
+general View I made of _Cross-Peals_.
+
+
+  _Grandsire Bob._
+
+_Bob_ Changes take their Name from this, _viz._ When the _Treble_ leads
+in the _Second_ and _Third_, and the _Fifth_ and _Sixth_'s places, then
+they are called _Bob-Changes_. In Ringing which you are to observe these
+Rules, _viz._
+
+Whatsoever Bells you follow when you _Hunt up_, the same Bells in the
+same order you must follow in _Hunting down_; as in the Changes here
+prickt, where the _Treble_ hunting up _First_ follow _Second_, then
+_Fourth_, and then _Sixth_; when it comes behind, _First_ follows
+_Second_, in hunting down _Fourth_; and when hunted up follows _Sixth_
+in the same Order: The like may be observed in Ringing any other Bell,
+with this Difference betwixt the Whole-hunt and the rest, _viz._ Every
+time the Whole-hunt leaves the _Treble_'s place, and hunts up, it
+followeth different Bells from what it did at its first hunting�up.
+
+In the ensuing Peal here prickt are _Eighteen-score_ Changes, wanting
+one. It may be Rung with any _Hunts_, and begin the Changes _Triple_ and
+_Double_: You may make your Extreme at the first, second, or third
+_single Bob_; or the first, second, or third time, that the half and
+_quarter-hunts_ dodg behind; the _single_ must be made behind in either
+of these.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  214365
+  241635
+  426153
+  462513
+  645231
+  654321
+  563412
+  536142
+  351624
+  315264
+  132546
+  135264
+  312546
+  321456
+  234165
+  243615
+  426351
+  462531
+  645213
+  654123
+  561432
+  516342
+  153624
+  156342
+  513624
+  531264
+  352146
+  325416
+  234561
+  243651
+  426315
+  462135
+  641253
+  614523
+  165432
+  _bob._
+  156423
+  514632
+  541362
+  453126
+  435216
+  342561
+  324651
+  236415
+  263145
+  621354
+  612534
+  165243
+  162534
+  615243
+  651423
+  564132
+  546312
+  453621
+  435261
+  342516
+  324156
+  231465
+  213645
+  126354
+  123645
+  216354
+  261534
+  625143
+  652413
+  564231
+  546321
+  453612
+  435162
+  341526
+  314256
+  132465
+  134256
+  312465
+  321645
+  236154
+  263514
+  625341
+  652431
+  564213
+  546123
+  451632
+  415362
+  143526
+  _bob._
+  134562
+  315426
+  351246
+  532164
+  523614
+  256341
+  265431
+  624513
+  642153
+  461235
+  416325
+  143652
+  _bob._
+  134625
+  316452
+  361542
+  635124
+  653214
+  562341
+  526431
+  254613
+  245163
+  421536
+  412356
+  143265
+  142356
+  ------
+  124536
+  125463
+  ------
+  152643
+  156234
+  ------
+  165324
+  163542
+  ------
+  136452
+  _bob._
+  163425
+  ------
+  136245
+  132654
+  ------
+  123564
+  125346
+  ------
+  152436
+  154263
+  ------
+  145623
+  _bob._
+  154632
+  ------
+  145362
+  _bob._
+  154326
+  ------
+  145236
+  142563
+  ------
+  124653
+  126435
+  ------
+  162345
+  163254
+  ------
+  136524
+  135642
+  ------
+  153462
+  _bob._
+  135426
+  ------
+  153246
+  152364
+  ------
+  125634
+  126543
+  ------
+  162453
+  164235
+  ------
+  146325
+  _bob._
+  164352
+  ------
+  146532
+  _bob._
+  164523
+  ------
+  146253
+  142635
+  ------
+  124365
+  ------
+  123456
+  ------
+
+Thus much for the _Grandsire-Bob_; I�shall next collect what _London
+Peals_ I think most Harmonious, and agreeable, without troubling my self
+to go to _Oxford_, or _Nottingham_, or _Redding_, to enquire after their
+different Methods of _Peales_, as indeed needless; and my reason is
+this: Because I think the same Rules for _Peales_ that are suitable to
+our _London Genius_, may challenge likewise an Acceptance amongst other
+_Cities_; provided their _Steeples_ are furnished with as many, and as
+good _Bells_, and their _Belfree's_ with as ingenious and elaborate
+_Ringers_ as here in _London_.
+
+I shall begin then with _Peales upon Six Bells_, and herein in order,
+measure out the Delights on _Peals_ from _Six_ to _Eight_ Bells, and
+setting out early, present you with
+
+
+  _The Morning Exercise._
+
+_Doubles_ and _Singles_. The whole _Hunt_ is the _Treble_, which
+_Hunteth_ up into the _Second_, _Third_, and _Fourth_ places, lying
+twice in each; and then lyeth still in the _Sixth_ place, having dodged
+behind, and makes another, and then _Hunts_ down as it _Hunted_ up, and
+then leads four times. Observing the manner of its Pricking, and its
+Practice, may excuse any further defining�it.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  213456
+  231465
+  231456
+  234165
+  234156
+  243516
+  243561
+  245316
+  245361
+  254631
+  254613
+  256431
+  256413
+  265143
+  265134
+  261543  [printed as: 265143]
+  261534
+  216543
+  216534
+  126543
+  126534
+  162543
+  162534
+  ------
+  164352
+  164325
+  _bob._
+  163452
+  163425
+  ------
+  165243
+  165234
+  156243
+  156234
+  ------
+  154326
+  154362
+  _bob._
+  153426
+  153462
+  ------
+  152643
+  152634
+  125643
+  125634
+  ------
+  124365
+  124356
+  142365
+  142356
+  ------
+  146532
+  146523
+  _bob._
+  145632
+  145623
+  ------
+  143265
+  143256
+  134265
+  134256
+  ------
+  136524
+  136542
+  _bob._
+  135624
+  135642
+  ------
+  132465
+  132456
+  123465
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This will go a 120 _Changes_, and by making _Bobs_, 240, 360, 720.
+
+
+  _A Cure for _Melancholy_._
+  _Doubles_ and _Singles_.
+
+I should think it needless to explain the method of prick'd Peales, and
+give a large Definition of them, when their plain Demonstration might be
+sufficient; However, as the Old _Phrase_ is, _Because 'tis usual_,
+something shall be said of this too.
+
+The _Treble_ is the whole _Hunt_, as in the former, and leads four
+times, and lyeth behind as many, and twice in every other place; the two
+_Bells_ in the 3d. add 4th. places continue dodging, when the _Treble_
+moves out of the 4th. place; untill it comes down there again, and then
+the two hindmost dodge, till the _Treble_ displaceth them; who maketh
+every double _Change_, except when it lieth behind, and then the double
+is on the four first, and on the four last when it leads. Every Single
+(except when the _Treble_ lies there) is in the 5th. and 6th. places;
+or if possessed by the _Treble_, then in the 3d. and 4th. places: Every
+_Bell_ (except the _Treble_) lies four times in the Second place: But
+enough; a�word is enough to the Wise. See it here Deciphered.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  213456
+  231465
+  231456
+  234165
+  234156
+  243516
+  245316
+  243561
+  245361
+  423561
+  425361
+  423516
+  425316
+  452136
+  452163
+  451236
+  451263
+  415236
+  415263
+  145236
+  145263
+  142536
+  142563
+  ------
+  156423
+  156432
+  _bob._
+  165423
+  165432
+  ------
+  143652
+  143625
+  _bob._
+  134652
+  134625
+  ------
+  162345
+  162354
+  163245
+  163254
+  ------
+  125634
+  125643
+  126534
+  126543
+  ------
+  154263
+  154236
+  152463
+  152436
+  ------
+  143526
+  143562
+  _bob._
+  134526
+  134562
+  ------
+  156423
+  156432
+  _bob._
+  165423
+  165432
+  ------
+  132654
+  132645
+  136254
+  136245
+  ------
+  124365
+  124356
+  123465
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This will go _Six-score Changes_, but by making _bobs_, it will go 240,
+360, or 720. The _bob_ is a double _Change_ at the leading of the
+_Treble_, in which the _Bell_ in the 4th Place lyeth still.
+
+
+  London Nightingale,
+  _Doubles_ and _Singles_.
+
+The Whole-_Hunt_ is the _Treble_, who lyeth four times before, and as
+many behind, and twice in every other place: The two hind _bells_
+continue dodging, when the _Treble_ moves down out of the _Fifth_ place,
+till he comes there again, the _bell_ in the _Fourth_ place lying still
+all the while: When the two hind _bells_ aforesaid leave dodging, then
+the two _First bells_ take their dodging places, till dispossessed
+again, by the return of the said Hind _bells_ to their dodging; and then
+they Cease.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  213456
+  231465
+  231456
+  234165
+  234156
+  243516
+  423516
+  243561
+  423561
+  245361
+  425361
+  245316
+  425316
+  452136
+  452163
+  451236
+  451263
+  415236
+  415263
+  145236
+  145263
+  154236
+  154263
+  ------
+  126543
+  126534
+  162543
+  162534
+  ------
+  153624
+  153642
+  _bob._
+  156324
+  156342
+  ------
+  134562
+  134526
+  _bob._
+  135462
+  135426
+  ------
+  142356
+  142365
+  124356
+  124365
+  ------
+  136245
+  136254
+  163245
+  163254
+  ------
+  125634
+  125643
+  152634
+  152643  [printed as: 152634]
+  ------
+  164523
+  164532
+  _bob._
+  165423
+  165432
+  ------
+  143652
+  143625
+  _bob._
+  146352
+  146325
+  ------
+  132465
+  132456
+  123465
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This will go 120, and by making _bobs_, 240, 360, or 720.
+
+
+  _Colledge Bobs._
+
+In this _bob_, when the _Treble_ leaves the two Hind _bells_, they dodge
+till it comes there again, and till the _Treble_ gives way for the
+dodging again of the said two Hind _bells_, the two _First bells_ dodge,
+but after Cease dodging, when the two Hind _bells_ dodge.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  214365
+  124356
+  213465
+  231456
+  324165
+  321456
+  234165
+  243615
+  426351
+  246315
+  423651
+  246351
+  423615
+  243651
+  426315
+  462135
+  641253
+  642135
+  461253
+  416235
+  142653
+  412635
+  146253
+  142635
+  416253
+  146235
+  412653
+  421635
+  246153
+  241635
+  426153
+  462513
+  _&c._
+  165432
+  _bob._
+  156423
+  ------
+  143526
+  _bob._
+  134562
+  ------
+  152364
+  153246
+  ------
+  126543
+  125634
+  ------
+  164235
+  162453
+  ------
+  143652
+  _bob._
+  134625
+  ------
+  165324
+  _bob._
+  156342
+  ------
+  132546
+  135264
+  ------
+  124365
+  123456
+  ------
+
+
+  _Another._
+
+Here, every _bell_, when it comes to lead, makes a dodge before, then
+after one _Change_, it lyeth still; after it has made another dodge,
+it moves up into the _4th._ place, where twice it lyeth still; and down
+again; except the _Treble_ happens to dodge with it in the _4th._ place,
+then it _Hunts_ up behind. When the _Treble_ moves down out of the _3d._
+place, the two _bells_ in the _3d._ and _4th._ place continue there,
+till the _Treble_ comes up thither again, the two hind _bells_ dodging
+in the mean time.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  214365
+  124356
+  213465
+  231645
+  326154
+  231654
+  326145
+  362415
+  634251
+  364215
+  632451
+  623541
+  265314
+  625341
+  263514
+  236154
+  321645
+  236145
+  321654
+  312564
+  135246
+  315264
+  132546
+  135264
+  312546
+  132564
+  315246
+  351426
+  534162
+  351462
+  534126
+  _&c._
+  153624
+  _bob._
+  135642
+  ------
+  153462
+  _bob._
+  135426
+  ------
+  153246
+  152364
+  ------
+  125634
+  126543
+  ------
+  162453
+  164235
+  ------
+  146325
+  _bob._
+  164352
+  ------
+  146532
+  _bob._
+  164523
+  ------
+  146253
+  142635
+  ------
+  124365
+  123456
+  ------
+
+Both these _bobs_ will go _One Hundred_ and _Twenty Changes_, and by
+making of _bobs_, they will go, 240, 360, or 720. And thus with little
+Variation, there are other _bobs_ may be made after the same manner, and
+afford as Admirable Musick, as possibly can be made on _bells_. I�shall
+therefore hasten to finish this dayes Work, only first present you with
+this one more called,
+
+
+  The City Delight:
+  _Doubles_ and _Singles_.
+
+The whole _Hunt_ is the _Treble_, and lieth as before in the
+_Nightingale_: When the _Treble_ moves out of the _3d._ place, the
+_Singles_ are made in the _2d._ and _3d._ places, till the _Treble_
+repossesses his _3d_ place, and then behind, till it moves up again out
+of the _3d._ place. The two Hind _bells_ dodge, when the _Treble_ moves
+out of the _4th._ place, till he returns again; the _bell_ in the _4th._
+place lying still all the while.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  213456
+  231465
+  231456
+  234165
+  234156
+  243156
+  234615
+  243615
+  246351
+  264351
+  246531
+  264351
+  265413
+  256413
+  265143
+  256143
+  251634
+  251643
+  215634
+  215643
+  125634
+  125643
+  152634
+  152643
+  ------
+  154326
+  154362
+  _bob._
+  153426
+  153462
+  ------
+  156234
+  156243
+  165234
+  165243
+  ------
+  164352
+  164325
+  _bob._
+  163452
+  163425
+  ------
+  162534
+  162543
+  126534
+  126543
+  ------
+  124365
+  124356
+  142365
+  142356
+  ------
+  145623
+  145632
+  _bob._
+  146523
+  146532
+  ------
+  143265
+  143256
+  134265
+  134256
+  ------
+  135642
+  135624
+  _bob._
+  136542
+  136524
+  ------
+  132465
+  132456
+  123465
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This will go as many _Changes_ as the last mentioned, by making _bobs_.
+And here I will shut up this dayes Peal, upon Six Bells with
+
+
+  The Evening Delight.
+  _Doubles_ and _Singles_.
+
+The Whole-_Hunt_ is the _Treble_, and lyes as before specified, with
+this exception only: That it dodges in the _2d._ and _3d._ places, every
+time it _Hunts_ up, and down. Observe when _Treble_ goes to lead, and
+leaves of leading, the _bells_ in the _3d._ and _4th._ places lye still,
+_&c._ Note the pricking this _Peal_.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  231465
+  213645
+  231645
+  236154
+  263154
+  236514
+  263514
+  265314
+  256341
+  265431
+  256431
+  254613
+  245613
+  254163
+  245163
+  241536
+  214536
+  241356
+  214356
+  124365
+  142365
+  124635
+  142635
+  ------
+  146253
+  164235
+  _bob._
+  146253
+  164235
+  ------
+  162453
+  126453
+  _bob._
+  162435
+  126435
+  ------
+  124653
+  142653
+  124563
+  142563
+  ------
+  145236
+  154236
+  145326
+  154326
+  ------
+  153462
+  135462
+  153642
+  135642
+  ------
+  136524
+  163524
+  _bob._
+  136542
+  163542
+  ------
+  165324
+  156324
+  _bob._
+  165342
+  156342
+  ------
+  153624
+  135624
+  153264
+  135264
+  ------
+  132546
+  123546
+  132456
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This Peal will go 120 _Changes_, and by making _bobs_, as many as above.
+
+Note that in all the foregoing Peals upon _Six bells_, the _bobs_ are
+double _Changes_, and made alwayes at the leadings of the _Whole-Hunt_.
+He that Rings the _Half-Hunt_, may best call _bob_ in all Peales.
+
+
+I come now to the _Changes_ upon Seven _bells_, which though the seldom
+Practice of them might excuse my omitting them; yet because I promised
+to say somewhat of them, I�shall be as good as my Word, (the Character
+of an Honest man) and present you with a couple of Examples, and then
+proceed to _Peales_ upon _Eight_: But this I must crave leave to
+premise, That Variety of _Changes_ may be prick'd upon Seven _bells_, as
+_Triples_, and _Doubles_, _Triples Doubles_, and _Single Doubles_, &c.
+and the same Methods may be prick'd upon _Seven_, as may be upon _Five_,
+the true difference of Proportion being observed; but to proceed.
+
+
+  _Dodging Triples._
+
+_Triples_ and _Doubles_, and indeed all _Peals_ upon Six, may likewise
+go upon Seven _Bells_, thus,
+
+  1234567
+  -------
+  2143576
+  2415367
+  4251376
+  4523167
+  5432617
+  4523671
+  5432761
+  4523716
+  5432176
+  5341267
+  3514276
+  3152467
+  1325476
+  1352746
+
+
+  Plain Triples.
+
+  1234567
+  -------
+  2143657
+  2416375
+  4261735
+  4627153
+  6472513
+  6745231
+  7654321
+  7563412
+  5736142
+  5371624
+  3517264
+  3152746
+  1325476
+
+In this all the Bells have a Hunting _Course_.
+
+
+  _Colledge Triples_, dodging before, and behind.
+
+  1234567
+  -------
+  2143576
+  2415367  [printed as: 2415357]
+  4251376
+  2453167
+  4235617
+  2436571
+  4263751
+  2467315
+  4276135
+  2471653
+  4217635
+  4126753
+  1462735
+  1467253
+  4176235
+  4712653
+  7421635
+  4726153
+  7462513
+  4765231
+
+This _Peal_ thus prick't, will go, 84 _Changes_, and the _Treble_
+leading, and the _Half Hunt_ lying next it, and a parting _Change_
+(which is a _Double_ on the four middlemost of the Six hind _Bells_)
+being made, it will go 420, and by making _bobs_, 5040.
+
+Thus much shall suffice for _Peales_ upon Seven _Bells_, I�proceed to
+_Changes_ upon _Eight_.
+
+
+  _Peals of Eight Bells._
+
+Without amusing our selves with what Notes are most _Musical_, to _lye
+behind_, we will come to the matter of Fact; for those Methods of
+_Peals_ that are prick't on _Six_, may be the same upon _Eight_,
+Observing only, that _Triples_ and _Doubles_ upon _Six_, must be
+_Quadruples_, and _Triples_ upon _Eight_. _Doubles_ upon _Six_, must be
+_Triples_ upon _Eight_, &c. Now then to our purpose of Demonstration;
+We generally give preference to things, as they are dignified with some
+eminent Title, and are ready to suppose they may have something more
+than ordinary, that merits such Esteem, whereof the Title is but a Sign,
+or Token; which Custome induced me to head my Discourse upon _Changes_
+on _Eight Bells_, with that which carries the most _Swelling_ Title.
+
+
+  The Imperial Bob:
+  _Quadruples_ and _Triples_.
+
+The _Treble_ hath a dodging _Course_, the two first, and two last
+_Bells_ always dodge, till hindred by the _Treble_, the two next to
+these, lying still one _Change_, dodge the next, till the _Treble_
+hinders them too. Those in the 5th. and 6th. places dodge (the Treble
+being behind) and those in the 3d. and 4th. places likewise dodge (the
+Treble being before) and so till hindered by the Treble.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  12346578
+  21436587
+  24136578
+  42315687
+  24135678
+  42316587
+  24361578
+  42635187
+  24631578
+  42365187
+  24635817
+  42368571
+  24365817
+  42638571
+  24365871
+  42638517
+  24635871
+  42368517
+  24638157
+  42361875
+  24368157
+  42631875
+  24613857
+  42168375
+  24618357
+  42163857
+  41268357
+  14623875
+  41263857
+  14628375
+  14263857
+  41628375
+  14268357
+  41623875
+  46128357
+  64213875
+  46123857
+  64218375
+  46281357
+  _&c._
+  16847253
+  16482735
+  --------
+  18765432
+  _bob._
+  17864523
+  --------
+  16573824
+  _bob._
+  15678342
+  --------
+  17352648
+  17536284
+  --------
+  13274586
+  13725468
+  --------
+  12438765
+  12347856
+  --------
+  14826357
+  14283675
+  --------
+  18645273
+  18462537
+  --------
+  16587432
+  _bob._
+  15684732
+  --------
+  18753624
+  _bob._
+  17856342
+  --------
+  15372846
+  15738264
+  --------
+  13254768
+  13527486
+  --------
+  12436587
+  12345678
+  --------
+
+By this method, the Peal will go 224 Changes, and by making of Bobs it
+will go 448, 672, 1344. The Bob is a _Triple_ Change at the Leading of
+the Treble, wherein the Bell in the _Fourth_ place lies still.
+
+
+The next that comes to our Observation, and answers to what we first
+hinted at in the beginning of this discourse of Peals upon _Eight_ Bells
+I mean _Precedency in Title_, is the
+
+
+  Bob Major.
+  _Plain Quadruples_ and _Triples_.
+
+In this all the _Bells_ have a direct _Hunting Course_, until the Treble
+leads, and then the six hindmost _Bells_ dodge.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24163857
+  42618375
+  46281735
+  64827153
+  68472513
+  86745231
+  87654321
+  78563412
+  75836142
+  57381624
+  53718264
+  35172846
+  31527486
+  13254768
+  31527486
+
+By this method this will go 112. And by making _Bobs_, 224, 336, or 672.
+The _Bob_ is a _Triple Change_, as in the foregoing _Imperial_ is
+specified. By making two _Extreams_ it will go 1344, and with four
+_Extreams_, 2688.
+
+All Peals upon six Bells, wherein half the Changes are _Triples_, will
+go upon _Eight_ according the method before-going, thus; If it be a Peal
+upon _Six_, consisting of 360, or 720 Changes, then there must be five
+_Hunts_ in the Ringing of it upon _Eight_, the Treble being the first,
+2 the Second, _&c._
+
+
+  Colledge Bob Major.
+  _Quadruples_ and _Triples_.
+
+There is four wayes of Pricking these. The first hath single Dodging
+behind, and is thus Peal'd.
+
+
+  The First.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24163578
+  42615387
+  46251378
+  64523187
+  65432817
+  56348271
+  53684721
+  35867412
+  38576142
+  83751624
+  87315642
+  78136524
+  71863542
+  17685324
+  16758342
+
+
+  The Second.
+
+This hath Single Dodging before and behind, thus prickt.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24163578
+  42615387
+  24651378
+  42563187
+  24536817
+  42358671
+  24385761
+  42837516
+  24873156
+  42781365
+  24718356
+  42173865
+  41237856
+  14328765
+  13482756
+
+
+  The Third.
+
+This hath double Dodging behind, thus Prickt.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24135678
+  42316587
+  43261578
+  34625187
+  36452817
+  63548271
+  65384721
+  56837412
+  58673142
+  85761324
+  87216342
+  78153624
+  71856342
+  17583624
+  15786342
+
+
+  The Fourth.
+
+This hath double Dodging before and behind both thus.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24135678
+  42316587
+  24361578
+  42635187
+  24365817
+  42638571
+  24368751
+  42637815
+  24367185
+  42631758
+  24613785
+  42167358
+  41263785
+  14627358
+  16423785
+
+These may be prick't several other wayes, but that I Omit here for
+Brevities sake; The _Dodging_ is without Intermission, except an
+hinderance comes by the _Treble_; as likewise between two Bells, until
+_Treble_ parts the Fray. The _Bobs_ are _Triple Changes_, as the
+_Treble_ leads; in the _1st._ _2d._ and _6th._ the Bell in the _4th._
+place lies still at the _Bobs_, and in the _3d._ _4th._ and _5th._ that
+in the _2d._ place lies still.
+
+Each of these will go 112 Changes, and by making Bobs 224, 336, or 672.
+
+
+  Colledge Triples Dodging both before and behind.
+
+This Peal is the same for _Bobs_, as the _Bob Major_, and will go as
+many Changes by making Bobs, or otherwise, as any of the foregoing Four,
+and is thus Peal'd.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24153678
+  42513687
+  24531678
+  42536187
+  24563817
+  42568371
+  24586731
+  42587613
+  24578163
+  42571836
+  24517863
+  42157836
+  41275863
+  14725836
+  17452863
+
+
+  The Wild-Goose Chace
+  _Triples._
+
+The Explanation shall follow the Peal; intending here to put an end to
+my _Epitome_ of the _Art of Ringing_, and therefore shall first present
+you with this Prick't thus.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21536784
+  25163748
+  52613784
+  56231748
+  65327184
+  63572814
+  36758241
+  37625481
+  73265418
+  72356148
+  27531684
+  25713648
+  52173684
+  51237648
+  15327684
+  13572648
+  31752684
+  37125648
+  73215684
+  72351648
+
+In this Change the 4th. Bell must first hunt up into the Sevenths place,
+and then the 4 and 8 alwayes dodge behind throughout the Peal, unless
+when obstructed by the _Treble_. The Bell that moves up into the 6th.
+place, when the _Treble_ moves thence down, lies still there, till
+displaced by the _Treble_; during which time the two hind Bells dodge,
+and the _five first_ go a perfect _Hunting-Course_: And when likewise
+the _Treble_ moveth out the 5th. place the five first Bells go a
+_Hunting-Course_, till it comes down there again: By this method it will
+go 80 Changes, and by _Bobs_ 160, 240, or 480. The _Bob_ is made as in
+the foregoing Changes.
+
+And here I thought to make an end of the Art of Ringing, but _Cynthius
+aurem vellit_, the young Practitioner, whose only Information is hereby
+aimed at, plucks me by the Sleeve, and tells me in the Ear, That tho
+Peals upon six, as _Triples_ and _Doubles_, &c. make excellent Musick
+upon Eight _Bells_, 4�8, 6�8, 4�1, or 1�8 lying behind: Or, _Triples_
+and _Doubles_ upon the six middle _Bells_, the _Tennor_ lying behind;
+yet for him who is not arrived to such a perfection of Skill, at to Ring
+these compleat Peals, the most proper and easy for him are
+_Set-Changes_, which are founded on these _Grounds_.
+
+First, _Placing the Bells Fifths_; thus: The 4 must hunt up behind
+the�7, the�3, behind the�6, and the 2 behind the�5; Or the one may hunt
+down under the other, as the 5 under the�2, the 6 under�3, and 7
+under�4: Or if you will, first let a _Single_, next a _Double_, and then
+a _Triple_ Change be made on the Middle _Bells_, all coming to the same
+effect; for then the Changes will lye _Fifths_ thus, 1�5, 2�6, 3�7, 4�8.
+In the Peal four _Concords_ are to be regarded, The first 1�5; the
+second 2�6. the third 3�7. and the fourth 4�8.
+
+These four _Concords_ may go the Methods of any Changes upon four
+_Bells_; 1,�5 being taken for the _Treble_; 2,�6 for the _Second_; 3,�7
+for the _Third_; and 4,�8 for the _Fourth_; and the _Concords_ may
+Change places with one another, as you list. In which this Observation
+is highly necessary, That the two Notes of every Concord must constantly
+attend each other in their Motion; that is, whenever one of the two
+Notes moves, the other must follow�it.
+
+Or Secondly, _Place the Bells_ Thirds; thus: The 6�4 and 2 must hunt up,
+or else the 3�5�7 down; or otherwise on the middle most _Bells_ let a
+_Triple_, _Double_ or _Single_ Change be made, they are to one effect;
+and then the _Bells_ will lie _Thirds_ thus, 1�3. 5�7. 2�4. 6�8. Herein
+are four _Concords_ observable; as in the former Peal, _viz_, 1�3. 5�7.
+2�4. 6�8. These _Concords_ may go the Methods of any Changes upon Four
+_Bells_, 1,�3 being taken for the Treble; 5,�7 for the Second; 2,�4 for
+the third; and 6,�8 for the fourth; moving in the same manner as before
+shewed.
+
+By these _Grounds_ Variety of excellent & Musical Changes are to be
+Rung; _Any Concord may be made a Hunt_, and to move up and down at the
+begining.
+
+In Ringing these _Set-Changes_, the Note will lye sometimes _Fifths_,
+sometimes _Thirds_, and sometimes _both_, and then to _Clam_ them, is
+admirable Musick: Clamming is, when each _Concord_ strike together;
+which being done true the 8 will strike as but four _Bells_, & make a
+Melodious Harmony. You may _Clam_ two or three bouts, and then strike as
+many times Open, alternatively, one _Clam_ one Pull, and Open the next,
+_&c._
+
+Thus much shall suffice for my treating of Ringing, and had not the
+Variety of its _Theme_, in which I was insensibly engaged, invited my
+Tast of something of every thing: I�had not enlarged so much as I have;
+but I hope the pleasure it may produce, will attone for my dilating on
+so delightful a Subject; All I have therefore to add is, some _Advice_
+to the _Ringer_, in the Lawfull prosecuting this _Recreation_; and that
+is this.
+
+When God in _Israels Exodus_ out of _Egypt_, commanded _Moses_ to
+Consecrate _Aaron_, and his Sons, and invest them with those
+_Pontificial_ Vestments, according to the Pattern God had cut out, it is
+observable, that the _Robe_ of the _Ephod_, was with a particular
+Circumstance of Beauty to be Adorned, by hanging the _Hem_ of it with
+_Golden Bells_, and _Pomegranates_, each placed in an orderly Position,
+one by another round: This was the first institution we can read of, for
+the Use _Bells_ in Sacred Offices; but the reason was this: Because in
+_Aarons_ Ministration before God, when he entered into the Holy Place,
+and when he came out, the Sound of the _Bells_ might be heard in the
+_Temple_, for a _Memorial_ to the Children of his People. This Use of
+Bells continue in the _Aaronical_ Order, to this day. From hence the
+_Christian Church_ likewise (of which the Church under the _Mosaic_
+Dispensation was but a _Type_) has made Use of _Bells_, for the
+notifying the Time when the People are to Assemble, and made a Signal
+for convocating them together to the _Temple_; and herein differing from
+the _Mahometans_, in the _Steeples_ of whose _Temples_, are never found
+any _Bells_, but _Cryers_, Persons who with a loud Voyce call them to
+Prayers.
+
+Now then let us make this Use of the Institution of _Bells_. _First_,
+Let not only the _Musick_ and _Delight_ the _Bells_ give thee, invite
+thee to come to the _Temple_, to be partaker of that Pleasure they may
+afford thy Body, but let their _Musick_ invite thee to come thither when
+they call thee, to exercise thy Soul in Devotion; to God. Do not let thy
+frequent coming thither on _Week-days_ for thy Diversion, make thee
+absent thy self on _Sundays_ from thy Devotion; but let their Original
+Use make thee mindful of the _Sanctum Sanctorum_, the most Holy Place.
+Do not let the _Sunday_ Mornings Peal engage thy presence then, and the
+_Ale-House_ have thy company afterwards. Be as quick in hearing the
+_Chyming_ for _Prayers_, as thou art in the _Notes_ for _Pleasure_.
+
+  _When ere the _Old-Exchange_ of Profit Rings,
+  Her Silver _Saints-Bell_, of uncertain Gains,
+  Thy Merchant-soul can stretch both _Legs & Wings_,
+  How canst thou run, and take unwearied Pains?_
+
+And shouldst thou not be as nimble, when the _Saints-bell_ of the Church
+sounds in thy Ears, and calls thee to attend the _Priest_, who now
+signifyes his entrance into the _Holy-place_, and invites thee to joyn
+with him in the Sacrifice of Prayers and Praises.
+
+_Secondly_, Nor let the Bells be made thy Lullaby, to drown some
+Dissatisfaction, and so makes thee repair to the _Belfree_, (like the
+_Nurse_ to her _Whistle-Bells_) to quiet thy disturbed mind, and thus
+(as the Divine Poet excellently expresses it) to silence it with
+
+  Look, Look, What's here! A dainty Golden thing?
+  See how the dancing _Bells_ turn round, and Ring
+  To please my _Bantling_! here's a _Knack_ will breed,
+  An hundred Kisses; here's a _Knack_ indeed, _&c._
+
+But let the _Altar_ have thy presence in Communion with God, in Prayers
+for his Grace, and Patience, to support any Calamity that may fall upon
+thee.
+
+_Lastly_, Let the Bells put you in mind to contemplate on _Death_, and
+every time you Ring, think how long it may be ere one of these may be
+your turn to have to sound
+
+  _The Nine sad Knolls of a Dull _Passing-Bell_,
+  With the loud Language of a Nightly Knell._
+
+This in short, is the use the _Ringer_ ought to make of this his
+Recreation, which if he makes duly and rightly, he may then Lawfully
+enjoy all the Benefit he can desire from it. And here I shall make an
+end of this Observation by way of Advice to the _Ringer_, which perhaps
+coming amongst Recreations may look unseasonable; But I know (at least
+presume) if I meet with an ingenious Reader, I�shall need no Apology,
+for playing the Divine, in the directing the good Use of our Pleasures,
+and aiming at the furtherance of Virtue in all our Actions.
+
+Thus much for _Ringing_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Billiards,
+
+
+_Italy_ is asserted by universal Consent, to have been the Country
+whence this Recreation took its Birth and Original; and indeed 'tis no
+wonder that she who is called the _Queen_ or _Empress of the World_, the
+_Mistress of the Nations_, nay _the Paradise of the World_, should yield
+such Art and Ingenuity, and gentile Cunning, as her proper Product:
+A�Country whose Inhabitants for their _Gravity_, _Respectiveness_, and
+_Ingenuity_ will ever stand Chronicled in the Books of Fame. A�People
+that are _obedient_ to their _Superiors_, _Courteous_ to their
+Inferiors, full of all _Civility_ to their Equals, _Affable_ to
+Strangers, and most desirous by all fair and friendly Offices to win
+their Love. In their _Apparel_ fine and modest, in their _Furniture_ of
+their Houses sumptuous, and at their _Tables_ neat, sober in _Speech_,
+Enemies of all _ill Reports_ of others, and so tender of their own
+_Reputation_, that whosoever Slanders any one, and it reach the Parties
+Ear, the Slanderer certainly dies for it: _Thrifty_ they are generally
+of their Money and Expence, and love no more Cost, than what they are
+sure to Save by, or have great Thanks for; but otherwise for civil
+Behaviour and Deportment, surpassing all the Gentry of the World
+besides. But one thing I dare not omit in this Character of them, _viz._
+That they are extream _Jealous of their Wives_; and indeed not without
+some reason, if what is spoken proverbially of their Women, be true,
+That they are as _Magpies_ at the door, _Saints_ in the Church, _Goats_
+in the Garden, _Devils_ in the House, _Angels_ in the Streets, and
+_Syrens_ at the Windows; if Nature does not make them appear Beautiful,
+Art shall, as Paintings and other sophistical Helps; whence comes this
+Proverb among them, If _God make them tall and Fat_ (a�_goodly_ Woman
+being a Title of great Value among them) _they will make themselves
+fair_. In fine, The Gentry are very Rich, live of all Men the most
+careless and contented Lives, keeping the Poor as Drudges and Slaves for
+them; and as it is said of the Tyrant _Polycrates_, _Have nothing to
+trouble them, but that they are troubled with nothing_.
+
+Thus I have given you a brief Character of the Inventors of this
+Recreation we are coming to treat of, and hence we may presume, how
+_fit_ such a People as this is, to give Birth to such a Recreation, so
+Gentile, so Cleanly, and so Ingenious, that as their Persons and Manners
+are emulously esteemed, so are their Pastimes ambitiously pursued, by
+most Nations in _Europe_; and this Sport is hugely valued by all in
+general, few Noblemen's or private Gentlemen's Families, nor few noted
+Towns in _England_, but have _Billiard Tables_, and admire the
+Excellency of it, both for the Exercise of the Body, and the Recreation
+of the Mind. But to the Matter in hand.
+
+_First_ then, He that would rightly understand this excellent Pastime,
+must be very careful of the _Form_ and _Make of the Table_, and the
+right ordering, framing, and fitting it for the Game, which is known by
+these ensuing Marks.
+
+1. The _Form_ of a _Billiard Table_ ought to be _Oblong_, that is to
+say, somewhat longer than it is broad; Both the length and breadth being
+left to your Discretion to make; proportionable to the Room you design
+it for; It ought to be _railed_ round, and this Rail or Ledge a little
+swelled or stufft with fine Flox or Cotton, that may yield to the Ball
+when struck against it, and expedites rather than deads the Flight of
+the Ball; though that happens according to the Violence of the Stroke or
+Push: The _Superficies_ of the Table ought to be covered with Green fine
+Cloath, clean and free from Knots: The Board must be levelled as exactly
+as is possible for the Eye and Hand of the most curious Joyner to Level,
+to the end your Ball may run true upon any part of the Table, without
+leaning or declining to any side of it: I�must confess I do believe
+there are few have been so careful in this last thing, as they ought,
+because they have not timely foreseen, if the Boards, whereof the Table
+is made, be _well-seasoned_, and not subject to _Warp_, and that the
+_Floor_ whereon it stands be even and level; so that through the
+Ill-seasonedness of the one, or Unevennes of the other, as likewise in
+time by the weight of the Table, and the Gamesters yielding and giving
+way, there are very few found true. And indeed without a Table be
+exactly true, a�good Gamester can never shew the Excellency of his Skill
+and Art, but a very Bungler sometimes, by being well acquainted with the
+Turnings and Windings of a false Table, may beat a good Gamester with
+great vexation and shame, who otherwise would have given him any odds
+whatsoever. Therefore let me tell you, it will conduce as much to the
+Interest of the Master of the House, where a _Billiard Table_ is kept,
+to see that it be well and truly levelled and kept, as it does to the
+Pleasure and satisfaction of a good Gamester, whose Skill is best seen
+and exhibited on such Tables, and never comes unattended with Company
+and Profit to the House, by his Recommendation he gives abroad of it.
+And now let us proceed to the rest of its parts, and fit it for our
+Play; and then let's to't as you list.
+
+2. The four Corners of the Table must be furnished with _four Holes_,
+and exactly in the middle of each side _one Hole_, and these Holes must
+be hung at the bottoms with _Nets_, Which Holes are named _Hazards_,
+because if either by Skill or Chance one Gamester strikes anothers Ball
+into these Holes, or Hazards, as we will now call them, he wins One; the
+_Nets_ are made to receive the Ball, and keep them from falling to the
+Ground when hazarded; and indeed is a very commendable way, far better
+than _Wooden_ Boxes which some use, these being apt to let a Ball to fly
+out again, when they are struck in by a stiff stroke, whereas the Nets
+keep them safe, and makes it impossible for them to rebound.
+
+_3dly._ The other _Utensils_ and _Instruments_ belonging to this first
+part of our Observations of the _Billiard Table_, are 1.�An _Ivory
+Port_, this must be placed at one end of the Table. 2.�An _Ivory King_,
+which must stand at the other end. 3.�Two _Ivory Balls_, which must be
+compleatly round, or no good proof of your Play can be expected. 4.�and
+Lastly, _Two Sticks_ made of _Brasile_, _Lignum-Vit�_, or some other
+weighty Wood, to make them heavy, and at the broad end tipt with Ivory:
+And be sure to observe narrowly, if the _Heads_ be tight and fast, for
+if they should be loose you will never strike a smart stroke; and
+therefore if you fear this Defect, see if your stroke be hollow and
+dead, and your Ball run faintly, these are infallible Tokens that your
+Play will come to nothing without a fresh supply of other Sticks, or the
+heads of these fixt.
+
+Thus much for the Table, and all the other Implements belonging to it,
+which are necessary for our first Enquiry for the right understanding of
+this Game, I�come next to those _Rules_ and _Measures_ which are to be
+observed for the rendring one a Gamester at this gentile Game.
+
+_Secondly_, This Game in its _Number_ is, according to the _Place_ and
+_Time_, when and where it is play'd; for in Gentlemens Houses they do
+not oblige themselves to a certain Number, but make as many as they
+please to admit up without any Restriction: But in Houses where part of
+their Subsistence has a Dependance upon a _Billiard Table_, the Game is
+_Five_ by Day-light or _Seven_, if odds be given, and _Three_ by
+Candle-light, or more, as the Rule of the House is. Now then having
+agreed upon what number we play, let us learn next how to manage our
+Game skillfully and with Art, and this we may understand by these
+following Rules.
+
+1. Let us know who must lead, which thus is resolved: You must stand on
+the one side of the Table opposite to the (so called) King, with your
+Ball laid near the Cushion, and your Adversary on the other placed in
+the like posture; and thus He of the two, that comes nearest the King,
+leads first.
+
+_2ly._ Having gotten the Lead, have a Care how you strike your Ball,
+that at the first stroke you touch not with your Ball the end of the
+Table, leading from the King to the Port, for if you touch it you lose
+One, as you shall observe hereafter in the Orders. But after the first
+Stroke you need not fear doing it: And you Leader be sure to lead so,
+that you may be in a possibility of passing the Port the next Stroke; or
+else to lye so cunningly, that you may probably hazard your Adversaries
+Ball the very Stroke you play after him.
+
+_3ly._ Generally the first Contest is who shall _pass first the Port_,
+and herein much Pains is taken, and all the Art and Cunning possible
+used to do it, and sometimes, nay frequently, an Opportunity of a
+_Hazard_ ends the Controversy: Sundry and various, as well as very
+pleasant, are the Policies and Tricks which are here used to obstruct
+each others Pass, as; _By turning the Port by a strong clever stroke_
+(the Sticks turning it, it is nothing, but to set aright again is the
+amends, though some would have the severity of the Orders inflicted on
+such an Offence by the Loss of One:) Next by _laying your Ball_ (when
+you see it impossible to pass) _in the Port_, or _before your
+Adversaries Ball_, for then let him do his utmost, he must Pass after
+you; if he has Past first, and you dare not venture to follow him, as
+fearing he should in the mean time touch the King, and so carry away the
+End; then you must wait upon him, and watch every Opportunity how you
+may hazard, or king him: Kinging of him is, when his Ball lyes in so
+advantageous a manner, as that if you strike his Ball, he must
+inevitably strike down the King, then you win, and prevent the Loss of
+that End: But with this Caution however, That you be careful how you
+strike, for if you do king him, and your Ball happens to fly over the
+Table, or into a Hazard, you shall lose One notwithstanding you have
+King'd him; and therefore a skillful Precaution must ever be had in
+this, and he that would prevent any such Chance, must
+
+_4ly._ Have a _curious Eye_, and a _good Judgment_, to take and quarter
+just so much of the Ball, that when he intends either to King or Hazard
+his Adversaries Ball, he may with Facility & Dexterity effect either.
+Which Observation must be noted, in passing on your Antagonists Ball, or
+corner of the Port: And indeed some are curious Effectors of this part
+of the Recreation, who with less than a fifth part of a Ball, will
+rarely miss a King or Hazard; which I must confess is an excellent part
+of a compleat Gamester in this Sport.
+
+_5ly._ Be careful that you _lay not your hand on the Table_ when you
+strike, nor let your Sleeve drag upon it, if you do it is a Loss; Or if
+you _smoke a Pipe of Spanish or Virginia_, being so wedded to that Fume,
+that were you sure to smother all the rest of the Company you are
+insensible of the Indecency, be careful that the Ashes fall not on the
+Table, lest the Cloth be burnt, which many times falls out: In these two
+Cases, let the Mulcts and Forfeitures of both, but especially the
+Hinderance the last gives a Man in the Skillful managing his Game, deter
+you from the lolling slovenly Posture of the first, and the stinking
+Indecency of the latter; because this Pastime being of a neat and
+cleanly Composition, will not admit any such Irregularities and
+Indecorums, without an absolute Violation of its Laws, and a Punishment
+attending such unhandsome Offences.
+
+_6thly._ As this cleanly Pastime exacts our diligent Care of keeping a
+_Decorum_, in the prosecuting the same, so does it require that we
+handle our Instruments with a neat and tractable hand, dislikes a
+Clumsey-Fist, which palms the Stick, as if he were handling a
+_Plough-share_: And therefore when you strike a long stroak, hold your
+stick neatly between your two fore-Fingers and your Thumb, and then
+strike a smart stroak; and by taking a steady and right Aim, (in this
+having your Eye and Judgment about you) you may when you list, either
+fetch back your Adversaries Ball, when he lyes fair for a Pass; or many
+times, when he lyes behind the _King_, and you at the other end of the
+Table, you may by a dextrous management of your stroke, _King_ him
+backward: Both which ways, I�must confess, require a great deal of Care,
+and good Play, which he that would be, or already is, a�Gamester, is
+never wanting in. But
+
+_7thly_, If you lye close, then the small end of your Stick, or the flat
+of the big end, raising up one end over your shoulder, is practicable
+and useful, and either of them to be used, as Occasion shall require,
+and as you judge most convenient and proper for the working the Effect
+you Aim�at.
+
+_8thly_, There is one Fault, which tho its Demerits perhaps may not
+reach a Forfeiture, yet I must tell you will scarce admit of an Excuse,
+though this I presume is regulated according to the Agreement first
+stipulated between the Gamesters, and this Fault is called _Raking_,
+_i.�e._ not striking your Ball cleanly, but gliding along, as it were;
+But in this, if you touch your Ball twice, it is a loss; as indeed
+repugnant to all _Rule_ and _Method_.
+
+_9thly_, There is another Caution you are to take at the Port, _viz._
+When you jobb your Ball with the great end of your stick through the
+Port, beware that you throw it not down, the doing of it is a loss; and
+therefore be careful to do it so handsomly, that at one stroke without
+turning the Port with your stick (which as I have mentioned before is a
+fault) you accomplish your Intention: But on the contrary observe
+
+_10thly_, It is good play to turn the Port with your _Ball_, (not with
+your stick) and so hinder your Adversary from passing: Nor is it amiss,
+to make your Adversary a _Fornicator_ if it lyes in your Power: I�mean
+to make him a _Fornicator_ is, having past your self a little way, and
+your Adversaries ball being hardly through the port, you put him back
+again, and it may be quite out of pass, and so you may the sooner
+peradventure gain the end, having the Advantage of passing, by gently
+thrusting the other back again.
+
+_11thly_, Let Policy likewise be a guide to you, for obtaining the
+Conquest, and lying a-loof off, and laying a long Hazard sometimes for
+your Antagonist, will be an excellent way to entice and entrap him; for
+that he promising to himself the good fortune of Hazarding you, will be
+induced rashly to adventure at that distance, and supposing to strike
+your Ball, which cunningly lyes (to tempt him to that Venture) near the
+Hazard, is himself caught in that Trap he thought to throw you into, by
+reason that the distance, deceives his Expectation, and blows up his
+thoughts with fruitless Suppositions.
+
+_12thly_, Let Art likewise teach you Cunning, _i.�e._ by lying abscond,
+or at Bo-peep with your Adversary; this is a subtlety which perhaps may
+gain the Advantage of a Pass or Hazard. For I must tell you, in this
+Game, is required much Cunning, and subtle Contrivance, as in any
+Recreation whatever, and therefore when you are to Play with an Expert
+Player, you must muster up all the forces of your Ingenuity and Wit, for
+the vanquishing of your Opponent.
+
+_Lastly_, Observe the Advantages may be gained, and endeavour to get
+them, if they fall within the sphere of your Activity. One of which I
+shall here insert, which is indeed the chief, _viz._ That if your
+Adversary hath not past the Port, and lies up by the King, take the
+Advantage of a Second Pass, endeavour to pass again, which if you
+dextrously perform, and after touch the King, you gain two; but if your
+too great Precipitancy and Inadvertency, or sometimes an unlucky Chance
+hurryes you on to throw down the King, then you loose.
+
+Some instead of a King use a string and Bell, so that after you have
+passed, you need not doubt the end, as being a thing not so ticklish, or
+requiring so much Art as the King does, to be toucht finely and gently
+at a distance, without throwing it down: This alone is to be preferred
+for ingenious Persons, the other for the use only of Bunglers.
+
+
+Thus much shall suffice for Rules for the right Playing at _Billiards_,
+which being a Recreation not Admitting of any further Observations and
+Methods to be made and shewn on it; Let Practice, and the Dictates of
+the ensuing Orders compleat your Perfection in this gentile Game.
+
+
+_ORDERS for Players at the Gentile Game of _Billiards_ to Observe._
+
+I.
+
+If the Leader touch the end of the Table with his Ball, at the first
+stroke, he loseth One.
+
+II.
+
+If the Follower intend to hit his Adversaries Ball, or pass at one
+Stroke, he must string his Ball, that is, Lay it even with the King, or
+he loseth One.
+
+III.
+
+He that Passeth through the Port hath the Advantage of touching the
+King, which is One, if not thrown down.
+
+IV.
+
+He that passeth twice, his Adversary not having passed at all, and
+toucheth the King, without throwing him down, wins two Ends.
+
+V.
+
+He that passeth not hath no other Advantage than the Hazards.
+
+VI.
+
+He that is a Fornicator (that is hath past through the Back of the Port)
+he must pass twice thro the fore-part, or he cannot have the Advantage
+of passing that end.
+
+VII.
+
+He that hits down the Port, or King, Hazards his own Ball, or strikes
+either Ball over the Table, loseth One.
+
+VIII.
+
+He that Hazards his Adversaries Ball, or makes it hit down the King,
+winneth the end.
+
+IX.
+
+If four Play, two against two, he that mistakes his stroke loseth one to
+that side he is�of.
+
+X.
+
+He that after both Balls plaid, removes the Port without consent, or
+strikes his Ball twice together, or that his Adversaries Ball touch his
+stick, hand, or Clothes, or playeth his Adversaries Balls, loseth One.
+
+XI.
+
+He that sets not one foot upon the Ground, when he strikes his Ball
+shall lose an end, or if he layes his hand or Sleeve on the Cloth.
+
+XII.
+
+A stander-by, tho he betts shall not instruct, or speak in the Game
+without Consent, or being first asked; If after he is Advertised hereof
+he Offend in this nature, for every fault he shall instantly forfeit
+Two-pence for the good of the Company, or not be suffered to stay in the
+Room.
+
+XIII.
+
+He that Playes a Ball, while the other runs, or takes up a Ball before
+it lies still, loseth an End.
+
+XIV.
+
+He that removes the Port with his stick, when he strikes his Ball, and
+thereby prevents his Adversaries Ball from passing, loseth an end.
+
+XV.
+
+All Controversies are to be decided by the standers-by, upon asking
+Judgment.
+
+XVI.
+
+Whosoever breaks the King forfeits a Shilling, for the Port ten
+Shillings, and each stick Five Shillings.
+
+XVII.
+
+Five ends make a Game by Day-light, and Three by Candle-light.
+
+Many other Orders there are which concern the House, and thither I refer
+you for further Infomation; and here take leave to conclude this my
+_School of Recreation_.
+
+  Utrum horum Mavis accipe, _&c._
+
+
+_FINIS._
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+           *       *       *       *
+
+Some Books Printed for _Henry Rhodes_, near _Bride-Lane_ in
+_Fleet-Street_.
+
+
+The Strange Religions, Customes and Manners of sundry Nations, in
+_Twelves_, price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+The History of the Life and Glorious Reign of Queen _Elizabeth_, the 2d.
+Edition with Additions, by _S.�Clark_ in _Twelves_ bound _One Shilling_.
+
+The History of King _Henry_ the eighth and _Edward_ the sixth,
+_Twelves_, Price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+_Coffee-House-Jests_, the third Edition, with Additions, in _Twelves_,
+Price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+The present State of _Turky_, _Twelves_, Price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+The _London Jilt_: Or, The _Politick Whore_, in two parts.
+
+_Witts Cabinet_, Twelves, Price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+Sundery Conversations, _Twelves_.
+
+The great Point of Succession, in _Folio_.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+           *       *       *       *
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Errors Noted by Transcriber:
+
+In several places the first line of a change-ringing chart was damaged
+or missing; since these lines always read "123456" they are not
+separately noted. Brackets in the body of the text are in the original.
+
+  _Infirmity_, _Age_, _Station_, _Degree_, may render
+    [_"may" printed in emphatic type like preceding words_]
+  Give him sharp, as well as gentle, Courses  ["as as well as"]
+  a bag of Chaff, and thresh'd Ears  ["aud"]
+  a-cross these Paths, hollow,  ["Paths ,ollow,"]
+  your Rods about twelve Inches long  [_"a-/about" at line break_]
+  To sharpen your _Hook_, carry a little _Whetstone_.
+    [_"a / a" at line-break]
+  curiously Flourishing their several Orient and bright Colours
+    ["Flourishng"]
+  without breaking or circling the Water
+    [_"the / the" at line-break]
+  Oyl of _Aspray_, _Coculus India_, and _Assa Foetida_  ["F�tida"]
+  and skilfully argue and dispute its Excellency, _&c.  [, for .]
+  Warm and well lined  [_"and / and" at line-break]
+  whose _Lord Mayor_ annually appears   ["annnally"]
+  This will go a 120 _Changes_, and by making _Bobs_, 240, 360, 720.
+    [_text has "270" for 720_]
+  for the Use _Bells_ in Sacred Offices
+    [_text unchanged: "the Use of Bells"?_]
+  _Colledge Triples_ ... 2415367  [2415357]
+  and 4,�8 for the _Fourth_  ["for for"]
+  Thus much shall suffice for my treating of Ringing  ["Riging"]
+  _i. e._ not striking your Ball cleanly  ["i,e,"]
+  The great Point of Succession, in _Folio_.  [, for .]
+
+Invisible letters:
+
+"Invisible" means that the letter does not appear, but there is an
+appropriately sized blank space.
+
+  _Names_, _Degrees_, _Ages_, and _Seasons_  [_a of "Seasons"_]
+  and the _Lim'd_ straws, lapping under their Wings  [_d of "Lim'd"_]
+  seek _where to find_ that he prepared for  [_w of "where"_]
+  The _greatest Eels_ lurk under Stones  [_g of "greatest"_]
+  At the opening of _Mill-dams_ or _Sluces_  [_l of "Sluces"_]
+  lest you make his Limbs sore  [_e of "lest"_]
+  the general Method of the whole Peal  [_second e of "general"_]
+
+Period (full stop) missing or invisible:
+
+  _Madness._ Lastly, If your Hound be Mad
+  Rub him with a _Brush_ of _Bristles_ over again.
+  Chaffinches_, _Goldfinches_, _Yellow-Hammers_, &c.
+  with _Gray_, or _White Feathers_.
+  render a Practitioner _Excellent_.
+  _Secondly_, Learn to apprehend the Places of the _Notes_.
+
+Missing words or letters supplied from 1696 edition, with supplements
+shown in {braces}; full lines as printed:
+
+  Thus much for their Names, Degrees{,}
+  and Ages: Now let us next obser{ve}
+  their _proper Seasons_ for Hunting.
+    The _Hart_ or _Buck_, beginneth _fift{een}_
+  Days after _Mid-Summer-Day_, and l{ast-}
+  eth till _Holy-Rood-Day_.
+    The _Fox_, from _Christmass_, and l{ast-}
+  eth till the _Annunciation of the bless{ed}
+  Virgin Mary_.
+
+  self all over, but his Nose, keeping the
+  middle, least by touching any Boughe{s}
+  he leave a Scent for the Hounds; And {by}
+  his Crossings and Doublings he will e{n-}
+  deavour to baffle his Pursuers: In th{ese}
+  Cases have regard to your _Old Hou{nds_,}
+  as I said before. When he is _Imbost_ {or}
+  weary, may be known thus: By {his}
+  Creeping into holes, and often lying
+
+  {N}ow for the _Place_ where to find her,
+  {you} must examine and observe the Sea-
+  {sons} of the Year; for in Summer or
+  {Spring} time, you shall find them in
+  {Corn-}fields and open places, not sitting
+  {in Bushes}, for fear of Snakes, Adders,
+  {_&c._} In _Winter_ they love Tuffs of
+  {Tho}rns and Brambles, near Houses:
+  {In} these places you must regard the _Old-
+  ness_ or _Newness_ of her _Forme_ or Seat,
+
+  rected: In any _Cross-Peal_ {the _Whole}
+  Hunt_ may move either up or down at
+
+  _Peal{e}s_, as indeed needless; {and my}
+
+  And thus with little Variatio{n, there}
+
+Missing letters stuck to following page:
+
+  them together to inge{n}der in _January_,
+  _February_, or _March_, as {the} properest
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The School of Recreation (1684 edition), by 
+Robert Howlett
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The School of Recreation (1684 edition), by 
+Robert Howlett
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The School of Recreation (1684 edition)
+       Or, The Gentlemans Tutor, to those Most Ingenious Exercises
+              of Hunting, Racing, Hawking, Riding, Cock-fighting, Fowling,
+              Fishing
+
+Author: Robert Howlett
+
+Release Date: December 9, 2007 [EBook #23776]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SCHOOL OF RECREATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Louise Hope, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class = "mynote">
+
+<p>This text uses utf-8 (unicode) file encoding. If the apostrophes and
+quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an
+incompatible browser or unavailable fonts. First, make sure that the
+browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).
+You may also need to change your browser’s default font.</p>
+
+<p>Spelling, punctuation and capitalization&mdash; including the
+variation between W and VV&mdash; are as in the original. Clear errors
+are noted with <ins class = "correction" title = "like this">mouse-hover
+popups</ins>. Some parts of the original text were illegible. Missing
+words and letters were taken from the 1696 edition. They are printed in
+<span class = "missing">lighter type</span>; page images showing
+reconstructions are at the <a href = "#recon">end of the text</a>.</p>
+
+<p>The chapter on “Ringing” almost certainly contains undetected
+typographical errors. Readers interested in solid information may
+prefer <i>Tintinnalogia</i> (1671), Project Gutenberg <a href =
+"http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/18567" target = "_blank">e-text
+18567</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Since there is no table of contents, the twelve bracketed items on
+the title page (“Hunting”, “Racing”...) have been made into links to the
+corresponding chapters.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<p class = "illustration">
+<img src = "images/frontis.png" width = "309" height = "536"
+alt = "The School of Recreation.
+Printed for Henry Rodes near Bride Lane in Fleet Street."></p>
+
+
+<table class = "titlepage" summary = "title page, outlined">
+<tr><td>
+<a name = "titlepage" id = "titlepage">&nbsp;</a>
+<h4 class = "extended">THE</h4>
+
+<h1 class = "extended">SCHOOL</h1>
+
+<h5 class = "extended">OF</h5>
+
+<h2><b>RECREATION:</b></h2>
+
+<h4>Or, The</h4>
+
+<h2 class = "extended">Gentlemans</h2>
+
+<h2 class = "extended">TUTOR,</h2>
+
+<h5>To those</h5>
+
+<h3>Most Ingenious Exercises</h3>
+
+<h5 class = "extended">OF</h5>
+
+<table class = "bracket" summary = "list with brackets">
+<tr>
+<td class = "bracket lft">
+<a href = "#hunting">Hunting</a>.<br>
+<a href = "#racing">Racing</a>.<br>
+<a href = "#hawking">Hawking</a>.<br>
+<a href = "#riding">Riding</a>.<br>
+<a href = "#cockfighting">Cock-Fighting</a>.<br>
+<a href = "#fowling">Fowling</a>.<br>
+</td>
+<td class = "bracket rt">
+<a href = "#fishing">Fishing</a>.<br>
+<a href = "#shooting">Shooting</a>.<br>
+<a href = "#bowling">Bowling</a>.<br>
+<a href = "#tennis">Tennis</a>.<br>
+<a href = "#ringing">Ringing</a>.<br>
+<a href = "#billiards">Billiards</a>.<br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr>
+<h4>By <b>R. H.</b></h4>
+<hr>
+
+<h6><i>London</i>, Printed for <i>H. Rodes</i>, next door to the<br>
+<i>Bear-Tavern</i> near <i>Bride-Lane</i> in <i>Fleet-Street</i>,
+1684.<br>
+&nbsp;</h6>
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class = "intro">
+
+<p class = "decoration">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<span class = "folionum">A3</span>
+<h4>TO THE</h4>
+
+<h1>READER.</h1>
+
+<p><span class = "firstletter">M</span>AN, the Abridgement of the
+Creation, or the <em>Compendium</em> of all Gods Works, having divested
+himself by Sin of that Original Innocence and Angelical State of Life
+wherein his Creator had placed him, and thereby Subjected his collapsed
+Nature to the Malediction of God, <em>In the sweat of thy Face thou
+shalt eat thy Bread</em>, &amp;c. It pleased however the Almighty to
+continue and confirm that Original
+<span class = "folionum">||</span>
+grand <em>Charter</em> he had at first granted him, of being <em>Lord of
+the Creatures</em>: Hereby intimating, That tho man is now <em>Born to
+Trouble, Labour <i>and Cares</i>, as the Sparks fly upward</em>; yet God
+has not deprived him of any Comfort or Felicity, which the Earth or
+Creatures of it can afford; but has invested him with a superior
+Authority and <em>Dominion over the Beast of the Feild, the Fowl of the
+Air, and the Fish of the Sea</em>. Thus it comes to pass, that every
+Creature payes a <em>Duty and a Subjection</em>, (as it were) to man, as
+to their <em>Master</em>; and notwithstanding the Ferocity and
+Salvageness of their Natures, become tame and submissive to the
+<em>Empire</em> of Man. They court his Favour and
+<span class = "folionum">A4</span>
+mutely supplicate his Friendship and Confederacy, for the subduing the
+Enemies of their several <em>Species</em>: They readily obey his
+Precepts, and ravisht with his Service willingly execute his Commands.
+And thus by this prime Priviledg from God, Man is allowed the Liberty of
+subduing the Creature, and recreating his Mind by <em>Hunting, Fowling,
+Fishing</em> and the like; and by observing the Natural
+<em>Instincts</em> of every Species, the innate <em>Enmity and
+Cunning</em> of every Creature, may glorify the Immense Wisdom of his
+Creator.</p>
+
+<p>And as the Liberty of Recreation in lawful Exercises is thus
+<em>Naturall</em>, so is it highly <em>Necessary</em> and Useful too.
+Recreation keeps up the strength and Alacrity of the
+<span class = "folionum">||</span>
+bodily Forces, without which the Soul cannot work: I&nbsp;mean those
+brisk and violent Exercises, which the Following sheets specifie. They
+cause the Body to <em>transpire</em> plentiful sweats, and exhale those
+black and fuliginous Vapours which too much oppress some men, and remove
+the Obstructions which hinder the Circulation of Nature. <em>Brisk
+Exercises</em> render a man Active, Vigorous, Strong, and Hardy, and
+attenuate and disperse that <em>Stagnation</em> of humors, Benummedness
+and Dulness, which <em>Idleness</em> contracts: Nay, (as one excellently
+observes) divers bodily Infirmities, Diseases and Undecencies are hereby
+regulated and amended: <em>Riding</em> was used by the great
+<em>Drusus</em> for the Strengthening his weak and small
+<span class = "folionum">||</span>
+Thighs and Legs; and by his late <em>Majesty</em>, especially after
+Dinner; and is also good for the Head: <em>Shooting in a long Bow</em>
+for the Breast and Arms; and helps Squinting: <em>Bowling</em> for the
+Reins, Stone, Gravel, <em>&amp;c.</em></p>
+
+<p>Nor are the several other <em>Games</em> commonly practised, less
+<em>Commendable</em>, were they used with a <em>modest</em> and
+<em>prudent</em> Care: I&nbsp;recomend them as useful as the other, were
+a <em>right use</em> made of them. I&nbsp;would not have them made a
+<em>Trade</em>, instead of a <em>Divertisement</em>. But especially
+those that are managed by <em>Skill</em>, and not Fortune, may be
+Learned, for these acquaint a man with <em>Numbring</em>, and quicken
+the Fancy and Memory, and recreate the Mind.</p>
+
+<span class = "folionum">||</span>
+<p>And as Recreation is thus natural and necessary, so is it
+<em>Commendable</em> too, and recommended by the Practises of all Ages;
+as well sacred as prophane Histories plainly testifying the Truth of it.
+But I shall not trouble you any longer by detaining you at the Door, and
+enumerating the various <em>Examples</em>, which may Authorize a
+vertuous Use of Recreations, and apologize for this Work: The severest
+<em>Stoick</em> being never so cruel to himself or Nature, as not to
+give his mind some <em>Relaxation</em>, and recreate it in some more
+pleasant Pathes, than the miry heavy wayes of his own sullen and wilful
+<em>Resolutions</em>. Nor do our <em>Modern Stoicks</em>, tho of the
+strictest Lives, deny themselves some <em>Mental</em>, if
+<span class = "folionum">||</span>
+not bodily Recreations; altho perhaps <em>Infirmity</em>, <em>Age</em>,
+<em>Station</em>, <em>Degree</em>, <ins class = "correction" title =
+"printed in roman (emphatic) type">may</ins> render their Divertisements
+the more <em>private</em>, yet not totally denyed. <em>Solomon</em> had
+his <em>Ittan</em> for Recreations, as <em>Josephus</em> informes us,
+and the <em>Heathen</em> Sages their <em>Olympiques</em>, wherein were
+exercised, <em>Wrestling</em>, <em>Running</em> with <em>Horses</em>,
+<em>Leaping</em>, <em>Coursing</em> with <em>Chariots</em>,
+<em>Contention of Poets</em>, <em>Rhetoricians</em>, <em>Disputations of
+Phylosophers</em>, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>And because <em>Velle suum cuique</em>, every Mans Nature claimes a
+special Prerogative, in the electing a Recreation <em>Suitable</em> to
+it self, one thing being very pleasing and delightful to one, and
+offensive and troublesome to another, I&nbsp;have
+<span class = "folionum">||</span>
+therefore like the industrious <em>Bee</em> gathered <em>Honey</em> from
+various <em>Flowers</em>, and according to your <em>Palate</em> taste
+and Eat; I&nbsp;have carefully <em>Delineated</em> and drawn to the Life
+the divers <em>Figures</em> of the several Recreations, and leave you to
+admire that <em>Peice</em> you fancy best; intreating you to put them to
+the best <em>Use</em>, not to make them your Trade instead of
+<em>Recreation</em>; in which sence I would have you to accept this: And
+now you may walk in and view the Structure.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class = "maintext">
+
+<span class = "pagenum">1</span>
+<span class = "folionum">B</span>
+
+<p class = "illustration">
+<a name = "hunting" id = "hunting" href = "#titlepage">OF<br>
+&nbsp;<br>
+<img src = "images/hd_hunting.png" width = "191" height = "48"
+alt = "Hunting"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+<p><img src = "images/capH.png" width = "94" height = "94"
+alt = "H (Hunting)" align = "left"><i>unting</i>, being a Recreation
+that challenges the sublime Epithets of <i>Royal</i>, <i>Artificial</i>,
+<i>Manly</i>, and <i>Warlike</i>, for its Stateliness, Cunning, and
+Indurance, claims above all other Sports the Precedency; and therefore I
+was induced to place it at the Head to usher in the rest; and of which
+take this concise Definition, <i>viz.</i> That since Nature has equally
+imparted unto every Beast a wonderful Knowledge of <i>Offence</i> and
+<i>Security</i>, herein we may observe, <i>The curious Search and
+Conquest of one Creature over another, hurried on by an innate natural
+Antipathy, and performed or wrought by a Distinction of Smells.</i></p>
+
+<p>And now to come to the Purpose, and the Design of this Tract, briefly
+to inform the young <i>Hunter</i>, as yet
+<span class = "pagenum">2</span>
+raw in the true Knowledge of this <i>Royal Sport</i>, with what is
+meerly <i>necessary</i> and <i>useful</i>, without amusing him with
+<i>superfluous</i> Observations for his Instruction: I&nbsp;shall
+therefore observe throughout this Treatise this Method: 1.&nbsp;The
+several <i>Chases</i> or <i>Games</i> which fall under the first
+Denomination, <i>Hunting</i>. 2.&nbsp;The genuine or infallible
+<i>Rules</i> whereby we are to direct our selves, for the obtaining the
+true Pleasure in prosecuting the same, and the desired Effects
+of&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p>Know then; There are five <i>Beasts of Venery</i> or <i>Forest</i>,
+viz. The <i>Hart</i>, <i>Hinde</i>, <i>Hare</i>, <i>Boar</i>,
+<i>Wolf</i>.</p>
+
+<p>As likewise five Wild Beasts, or <i>Beasts of Chace</i>, viz. The
+<i>Buck</i>, <i>Doe</i>, <i>Fox</i>, <i>Martern</i>, <i>Roe</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Beasts of Warren</i>, are three, <i>viz.</i> <i>Hares</i>,
+<i>Coneys</i>, <i>Roes</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Note</i>, The <i>Hart</i> and <i>Hinde</i> before spoken of,
+though they are of <i>one</i> kind, yet, because their <i>Seasons</i>
+are several, are esteemed <i>distinct</i> Beasts; and in the <i>Hart</i>
+is included the <i>Stag</i>, and all <i>red Deer</i> of Antlier.</p>
+
+<p>And because I reckon it the most necessary part of the <i>Hunter</i>
+to understand the <i>Names</i>, <i>Degrees</i>, <i>Ages</i>, and <ins
+class = "correction" title = "‘a’ invisible"><i>Seasons</i></ins> of the
+aforesaid different Beasts
+<span class = "pagenum">3</span>
+<span class = "folionum">B2</span>
+of <i>Forest</i> or <i>Venery</i>, <i>Chace</i>, and <i>Warren</i>;
+I&nbsp;shall therefore, in the next place, present him with these
+following</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">Beasts of Forrest, <em>&amp;c.</em></h5>
+
+<p>The <i>Hart</i>, the first Year is called a <i>Hinde-Calf</i>,
+2&nbsp;A <i>Knobber</i>, 3&nbsp;A <i>Brock</i>, 4&nbsp;A
+<i>Staggard</i>, 5&nbsp;A <i>Stagg</i>, 6&nbsp;A <i>Hart</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Hinde</i>, the first Year a <i>Calf</i>, 2 A <i>Hearse</i>,
+3&nbsp;A <i>Hinde</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Hare</i>, the first Year a <i>Leveret</i>, 2 A <i>Hare</i>,
+3&nbsp;A <i>Great Hare</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Wild-Boar</i> and <i>Woolf</i>, being no <i>English</i> Chace,
+I&nbsp;omit.</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">Beasts of Chace.</h5>
+
+<p>The <i>Buck</i>, the first Year is called a <i>Fawn</i>, 2&nbsp;A
+<i>Pricket</i>, 3&nbsp;A <i>Sorrel</i>, 4&nbsp;A <i>Sore</i>, 5&nbsp;A
+<i>Buck of the first Head</i>, 6&nbsp;A <i>Great Buck</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Doe</i>, the first Year a <i>Fawn</i>, 2 A <i>Teg</i>,
+3&nbsp;A <i>Doe</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Fox</i>, the first Year a <i>Cub</i>, 2 A <i>Fox</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Martern</i>, the first Year a <i>Cub</i>, 2 A
+<i>Martern</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Roe</i>, the first Year a <i>Kid</i>, 2 A <i>Gyrl</i>,
+3&nbsp;a <i>Hemuse</i>, 4&nbsp;A <i>Roe-Buck of the first Head</i>,
+5&nbsp;A <i>Fair Roe-Buck</i>.</p>
+
+<p>As for the <i>Beasts of Warren</i>, the <i>Hare</i> being spoken of
+before, little or nothing
+<span class = "pagenum">4</span>
+is to be said. The <i>Coney</i> is first a <i>Rabbet</i>, and then an
+<i>Old Coney</i>.</p>
+
+<!-- missing words supplied from 1696 if matching -->
+
+<p>Thus much for their Names, Degrees<span class = "missing">,</span>
+and Ages: Now let us next obser<span class = "missing">ve</span> their
+<i>proper Seasons</i> for Hunting.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Hart</i> or <i>Buck</i>, beginneth <i>fift<span class =
+"missing">een</span></i> Days after <i>Mid-Summer-Day</i>, and l<span
+class = "missing">ast</span>eth till <i>Holy-Rood-Day</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Fox</i>, from <i>Christmass</i>, and l<span class =
+"missing">ast</span>eth till the <i>Annunciation of the bless<span class
+= "missing">ed</span> Virgin Mary</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Hinde</i>, or <i>Doe</i>, from <i>Holy-Rood-Day</i>, till
+<i>Candlemas</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Roe-Buck</i>, from <i>Easter</i>, till <i>Michaelmas</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Roe</i>, from <i>Michaelmas</i>, till <i>Candlemas</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Hare</i>, from <i>Michaelmas</i>, to the end of
+<i>February</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Thus much I thought fit to speak briefly of the proper <i>Names</i>,
+<i>Degrees</i>, <i>Ages</i>, &amp; <i>Seasons</i> of the several Chaces
+which we Hunt: But having almost forgot some<span class =
+"missing">,</span> I&nbsp;shall insert here, as intending to speak
+somewhat of them, and they are the <i>Badger</i>, <i>Otter</i>, and
+<i>Wild-Goat</i>; the last being a <i>Welch</i>-Game: Many more there
+are which I might here enumerate, but being <i>Forreign</i> Chaces,
+I&nbsp;omit, as directing my Discourse to the <i>English-Man</i>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">5</span>
+<span class = "folionum">B3</span>
+<p>As for the <i>Terms of Art</i> appropriated to Hunting, as the
+Huntsmans <i>Dialect</i>, they are so many and various, that should I go
+about to note them here, it would swell my Treatise to too big a Volume;
+and therefore I refer you to the <i>Dictionaries</i> which speak of
+them. And now I bring you to the second thing I proposed, <i>viz.</i>
+The <i>Rules And Measures</i> we are to learn and observe in the
+aforementioned Sports or Chaces; and in this we must begin with the
+<i>Pursuers or Conquerors</i> of these Chaces, namely;</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">Of Hounds.</h5>
+
+<p>There are several kinds of <i>Hounds</i>, endued with Qualities
+suitable to the Country where they are bred; and therefore consult his
+<i>Country</i>, and you will soon understand his <i>Nature</i> &amp;
+<i>Use</i>: As for instance, The <i>Western</i> Counties of
+<i>England</i>, and Wood-land, Mountainous Countries, as also
+<i>Cheshire</i>, and <i>Lancashire</i>, breed the <i>slow-Hound</i>;
+a&nbsp;large great Dog, tall and heavy. <i>Worcestershire</i>,
+<i>Bedfordshire</i>, and many other well mixt Soyls, where the Champaign
+and Covert are equally large, produce the <i>Middle-sized Dog</i>; of a
+more nimble
+<span class = "pagenum">6</span>
+Composure than the fore-mentioned, and fitter for Chace.
+<i>Yorkshire</i>, <i>Cumberland</i>, <i>Northumberland</i>, and the
+<i>North</i> parts, breed the Light, Nimble, <i>swift slender Dog</i>.
+And our open Champaigns train up excellent <i>Grey-Hounds</i>, hugely
+admired for his Swiftness, Strength, and Sagacity. And lastly, the
+<i>little Beagle</i> bred in all Countries, is of exceeding Cunning, and
+curious Scent in Hunting. All these Dogs are highly set by in all remote
+Parts, whose Princes and Lords tenderly cherish them as
+<i>Excellencies</i>, and ambitiously sue for as <i>Rarities</i>.</p>
+
+<p>For the <i>Choice</i> of Hounds we are to rely much on their
+<i>Colours</i>, and accordingly make our Election. The Best and most
+Beautiful of all for a general Kennel, is, The <i>White Hound</i>, with
+black Ears, and a black spot at the setting on of the Tail, and is ever
+found to be both of good Scent, and good Condition, and will Hunt any
+Chace, but especially the <i>Hare</i>, <i>Stag</i>, <i>Buck</i>,
+<i>Roe</i>, or <i>Otter</i>, not sticking at Woods or Waters. The next
+is, the <i>Black</i>, the black-tann’d, or all Liver-hew’d, or the milk
+White Hound, which is the true <i>Talbot</i>, is best for the
+<i>String</i>, or <i>Line</i>, as delighting
+<span class = "pagenum">7</span>
+<span class = "folionum">B4</span>
+in Blood; the <i>Largest</i> is the comliest and best. The
+<i>Grizled</i>, usually shag-hair’d, are the best Verminers, and so
+fittest for the <i>Fox</i>, <i>Badger</i>, or other hot Scents;
+a&nbsp;couple of which let not your Kennel be without, as being
+exceeding good cunning <i>Finders</i>.</p>
+
+<p>For the <i>Shape</i> of your <i>Hound</i>, you must consult the
+Climate of his Breed, and the natural Composition of his Body; but by
+these following Characters you may know a good <i>Hound</i>. If you like
+a large, <i>heavy</i>, true <i>Talbot-like</i> Hound, See</p>
+
+<p>His <i>Head</i> be round and thick. <i>Nose</i> short and uprising.
+<i>Nostrils</i> wide and large. <i>Eares</i> large and down-hanging.
+<i>Upper-Lip-Flews</i> lower than his Nether Chaps. <i>Back</i> strong
+and rising. <i>Fillets</i> thick and great. <i>Thighs</i> and
+<i>Huckle-bones</i> round. <i>Hams</i> streight. <i>Tail</i> long and
+rush-grown. The <i>Hair of his Belly</i> hard and stiff. <i>Legs</i> big
+and lean. <i>Foot</i> like a <i>Fox</i>’s, well clawd and round.
+<i>Sole</i> dry and hard. All these shew an <i>able Hound</i>.</p>
+
+<p>If you would choose a swift <i>light Hound</i>, the <i>Yorkshire</i>
+one in the generality will please you; for that (as these have) he ought
+to have a <i>slenderer</i>
+<span class = "pagenum">8</span>
+Head, <i>longer</i> Nose, <i>shallower</i> Ears and Flews, <i>broad</i>
+Back, <i>gaunt</i> Belly, <i>small Tayl</i>, <i>long</i> Joints,
+<i>round</i> Foot; and in fine of a <i>Gray-Hound-like</i> Make.</p>
+
+<p>Thus much to direct the Choice of <i>Hounds</i>; now something ought
+to be spoken of the <i>Composition of Kennels</i>, wherein I must appeal
+to the Affection of the Gentleman, the Lover of this Sport, and let him
+tell me the <i>Reasons</i> that induced him to take pleasure in
+<i>Hounds</i>, Whether it be he fancies <i>Cunning in Hunting</i>? Or
+<i>Sweetness</i>, <i>Loudness</i>, or <i>Deepness of Cry</i>? Or for the
+<i>Training his Horses</i>? Or for the <i>Exercise of his Body</i>
+only?</p>
+
+<p>If for <i>Cunning</i> Hunting; breed your Dogs from the slowest and
+largest of the forementioned <i>Northern</i> Hounds, and the swiftest
+and slenderest of the <i>West Country</i>, of both Kinds, approved to be
+not given to lie off, or look for Advantages, but staunch, fair,
+even-running, and of perfect fine Scent. These will make a Horse gallop
+fast, and not run; being middle-siz’d; not too swift as to out-run, or
+too slow as to lose the Scent; are the best for the true Art and Use of
+Hunting.</p>
+
+<p>If for <i>Sweetness of Cry</i>; compound your Kennel of some large
+Dogs, of
+<span class = "pagenum">9</span>
+<span class = "folionum">B5</span>
+deep solemn Mouths, and swift in spending, as the <i>Base</i> in the
+Consort; Then twice so many roaring, loud ringing Mouths, as the
+<i>Counter-Tenor</i>: And lastly, some hollow plain sweet Mouths, as the
+<i>Mean</i>: So shall your Cry be perfect. Observe that this Composition
+be of the swiftest and largest deep Mouth’d Dog, the slowest and
+middle-siz’d, and the shortest Legged slender Dog. For these run even
+together; and warble forth their musical Notes most sweetly.</p>
+
+<p>If for <i>Loudness of Mouth</i>, choose the Loud clanging (redoubling
+as it were) Mouth, and to this put the roaring, spending, and Whining
+Mouth, which will be loud, smart, and pleasant: Such are for the most
+part your <i>Shropshire</i>, and <i>Worcestershire</i> Dogs.</p>
+
+<p>If (Lastly) for <i>Deepness of Cry</i>, the largest Dogs having the
+greatest Mouths, and deepest Flews, are the best; such are your
+<i>West-Country</i>, <i>Cheshire</i>, and <i>Lancashire</i> Dogs.</p>
+
+<p>But if you have your Kennel for <i>Training Horses</i> only; then
+compound your Kennel of the lightest, nimblest, and swiftest Dogs, such
+as your <i>Northern</i> Hounds are. For the strong and violent Exercises
+<span class = "pagenum">10</span>
+of their Horses, through the natural Velocity of their Hounds, in the
+<i>North</i> parts, have render’d them famous for Truth and Swiftness
+above all other parts of <i>England</i>; though they have not attained
+this through a better Breeding of their Horses than others, but by daily
+acquainting them with the Violence of such Exercises, which made it both
+familiar and natural to them. And <i>He that doth not train up his Horse
+so, puts a Cheat upon himself</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Lastly, If for the <i>Maintenance of your Health</i>, by preventing
+Infirmities and Grossness of Humours, you compose your Kennel; consult
+first your own <i>Ability</i> for this Exercise; and if you think you
+are able to <i>foot</i> it away, then the <i>Biggest and slowest
+Dogs</i> you can get are best; which you may bring so to your Command,
+as to make them Hunt with no more speed than you please to lead them.
+And herein you are surrounded with a double Delight; to hear their
+<i>Musick</i>, and observe their ambitious and eager <i>Striving to
+out-go one another</i>, in the Pursuit of their Game, and yet restrained
+by a submissive Compliance to their Masters Pleasure, beyond which
+<span class = "pagenum">11</span>
+they dare not presume to pass. But if you would <i>pad it</i> away
+through an Unability of footing it, Then choose the <i>slowest or
+middle-sized Hounds</i>, of good Mouths and Noses, for loud Cry, and
+ready Scent.</p>
+
+<p>Thus far for the Composing a Kennel: I come now to the <i>Kennel it
+self</i>, of which I need say little, as indeed unnecessary, leaving
+that to the Discretion of the <i>Huntsman</i>; Only I would have him
+observe, that it be built some pretty way distant from the
+Dwelling-House, in a warm dry place, free from Vermine, and near some
+Pond or River of fresh Water; and so placed, that the Morning Sun may
+shine upon it. Be sure to keep it clean, and let them not want fresh
+Straw every day. Feed them early in the Morning at Sun-rising, and at
+Sun-set in the Evening. As for their <i>Meat</i>, I&nbsp;leave to the
+ingenious Huntsman to get; Only this I must tell him, Three Bushels of
+Oates or Barley-Meal, with the half so much Bran or Mill-dust, besides
+the Horse-Flesh, Scraps, Bones, Crusts, &amp;c. which the painful
+Huntsman can procure, is a fit weekly Proportion to keep <i>nine</i> or
+<i>ten</i> Couple of Hounds. When they
+<span class = "pagenum">12</span>
+come from Hunting, after you have fed them well, let them to their
+Kennel, and wash their Feet with Beer and Butter, or some such thing,
+and pick and search their Cleys, for Thorns, Stubs, or the like: If it
+is in <i>Winter</i>, let a fire be made, and let them beak and stretch
+themselves for an hour or so at the fire, and suffer them to lick, pick,
+and trim themselves; hereby to prevent the <i>Diseases</i> incident to
+them, upon sudden Cooling, as the <i>Mange</i>, <i>Itch</i>,
+<i>Feavors</i>, &amp;c. of which I come now to speak.</p>
+
+<!-- missing letters stuck to following page -->
+
+<p>But before I treat of the keeping your Hounds in Health by curing
+their diseases, I&nbsp;must speak a Word or two of the way to <i>Breed
+good Whelps</i>, viz. Having a Hound and a Bratch of that general
+Goodness in Size, Voice, Speed, Scent, and Proportion you like, put them
+together to <ins class = "correction" title = "second ‘n’ invisible">ingender</ins> in <i>January</i>, <i>February</i>, or
+<i>March</i>, as <span class = "missing">the</span> properest Months for
+Hounds, Bitches, and Bratches to be Limed in; because of not <i>losing
+time</i> to enter them. When you put them together, observe, as near as
+you can, if the <i>Moon</i> be in <i>Aquarius</i> or <i>Gemini</i>;
+because the Whelps will then never run Mad, and the Litter, will be
+<span class = "pagenum">13</span>
+double as many Dog, as Bitch, Whelps. When your Bitch is near her
+<i>Whelping</i>, separate her from the other Hounds, and make her a
+Kennel particularly by her self; and see her Kennell’d every Night, that
+she might be acquainted and delighted with it, and so not seek out
+unwholsom Places; for if you remove the Whelps after they are Whelp’d,
+the Bitch will carry them up and down till she come to their first Place
+of Littering; and that’s very dangerous. Suffer not your Whelps to Suck
+above two Months, and then <i>Weane</i> them.</p>
+
+<p>When your Whelps are brought up, <i>enter</i> them not into Hunting
+till they are at least a Year and half old: That is, if whelpt in
+<i>March</i>, enter them <i>September</i> come Twelve-Month; if in
+<i>April</i>, in <i>October</i> come Twelve-months after,
+<i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+
+<p>When you would <i>enter</i> them, bring them abroad, with the most
+Staunch and best Hunting Hounds; (all babling and flying Curs being left
+at home:) and a <i>Hare being the best entering Chase</i>, get your
+<i>Hare</i> ready before, and putting her from her Form, view which way
+she takes, and then lay on your
+<span class = "pagenum">14</span>
+Hounds, giving them all the Advantages may be; if she is caught, do not
+suffer them to break her, but immediately taking her, strip off her
+Skin, and cutting her to peices, give every part to your young Whelps;
+and that will beget in them a Delight in Hunting, and animate them with
+Courage. And now let us return to speak of</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">Diseases incident to Dogs, and their Cures.</h5>
+
+<p>Because I should think it a very odd Humor for a Person to select
+these Creatures (Hounds) as instruments for the procurement of his
+Health Satisfaction, and Delight, and should be so inhumane as to suffer
+them to perish in their <i>Diseases</i>, because they cannot communicate
+their <i>Ailings</i>, and beseech <i>Redress</i>; therefore I have
+briefly summed up the immediate <i>Cures</i> for their several Diseases,
+and by preventing his Excuse of <i>Ignorance</i>, desire his
+Application, as need require.</p>
+
+<p><i>For Sick Dogs.</i> Take Sheeps-heads, Wooll and all, hack, hew,
+and bruise them into pieces, make Pottage of it, with Oatmeal, and
+<i>Penny-Royal</i>, and give it warm.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">15</span>
+<p><i>Lice and Fleas.</i> Boyl four or five handfuls of <i>Rue</i> or
+<i>Herb of Grace</i>, in a gallon of running Water, till a pottle be
+consumed, strain it, and put two Ounces of <i>Staves-acre</i> poudered,
+and bathe them with it warm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Itch.</i> Take Oyl of <i>Flower-de-Lys</i>, powder of
+<i>Brimstone</i>, &amp; dry’d <i>Elicampane</i> Roots, of each a like
+quantity, and <i>Bay-Salt</i> powdered; mix these Powders with the Oyl,
+and warm it, anoint, scratch, and make it bleed, will do well.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tetter.</i> Take Black <i>Ink</i>, Juice of <i>Mint</i> &amp;
+<i>Vinegar</i>, of each a like, mix them altogether with the Powder of
+<i>Brimstone</i> to a Salve, and Anoint&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worms.</i> Give your Hound <i>Brimstone</i> and new Milk, will
+kill them.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gauling.</i> May <i>Butter</i>, yellow <i>Wax</i>, and unslackt
+<i>Lime</i>, made to a Salve, and Anoint therewith, is a present
+Remedy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mange.</i> Take two handfuls of <i>Wild-Cresses</i>, of
+<i>Elecampane</i>, of the Leaves and Roots of <i>Roerb</i> and
+<i>Sorrel</i>, the like quantity, and two pound of the Roots of
+<i>Frodels</i>, Boyl them all well in Lye and Vinegar, strain it, and
+put therein two pound of <i>Grey soap</i>, and after ’tis melted, rub
+your Hound with it four or five dayes together; and ’tis an excellent
+Remedy.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">16</span>
+<p><i>For any Ear Disease.</i> Mix <i>Verjuice</i> and <i>Chervile</i>
+Water together, and drop into his Eares a spoonful or two, morning and
+Evening.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sore Eyes.</i> Chew a Leaf or two of <i>Ground Ivy</i>, and spit
+the Juice into his Eyes.</p>
+
+<p><i>Surbaiting.</i> Wash his Feet with <i>Beer</i> and <i>Butter</i>,
+and bind young red <i>Nettles</i> beaten to a Salve to his Soles.</p>
+
+<p><i>Biting by Snake, Adder,</i> &amp;c. Beat the herb <i>Calaminth</i>
+with <i>Turpentine</i>, and yellow <i>Wax</i> to a Salve, and apply it.
+To expel the inward Poyson, give the said Herb in Milk.</p>
+
+<p><i>Biting by a Mad Dog.</i> Wash the place with <i>Sea-Water</i>, or
+strong <i>Brine</i>, will Cure him. The quantity of a Hazel-Nut of
+<i>Mithridate</i>, dissolved in sweet Wine, will prevent inward
+Infection.</p>
+
+<p><i>Madness<ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">.</ins></i>
+Lastly, If your Hound be Mad, which you will soon find by his separating
+himself from the rest, throwing his Head into the Wind, foaming and
+slavering at Mouth, snatching at every thing he meets, red fiery Eyes,
+stinking filthy Breath; then to Knock him in the Head, is a present
+Remedy, and you’l prevent infinite Dangers.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">17</span>
+<p>And now I proceed to give some brief Instructions for Hunting the
+several <i>Chases</i> used in <i>England</i>, for which we have chosen
+our Hounds; I&nbsp;mean the <i>Time when?</i> and the <i>Manner
+how?</i></p>
+
+<p>Having your Kennel of Hounds in good order and plight, and being
+desirous to enjoy those Pleasures, for which we have observed the
+aforesaid Rules; Lead them forth, and to your Game (Gentlemen:) Only
+take this <i>Caution</i> along with you; Do not forget to have in your
+Pack a couple of <i>Hounds</i>, called <i>Hunters in the Highwayes</i>,
+that will Scent upon hard Ground, where we cannot perceive Pricks or
+Impressions; and for your Huntsman’s and your own Ease, let a couple of
+<i>Old stench Hounds</i> accompany you, by whose sure Scent, the too
+great Swiftness of the young and unexperienced Ones may be restrained
+and regulated; and if you please, take the following Observations with
+you, and away.</p>
+
+
+<h5>Of <i>Hart</i> or <i>Stag-Hunting</i>.</h5>
+
+<p>Waving the Praises of this Creature, and the large <i>Encomiums</i>
+due to his several Excellencies, we’ll come to
+<span class = "pagenum">18</span>
+the Doctrinal Part, and understand the <i>Age</i> of this our Game,
+which is known by several Marks, amongst which this is the most
+authentick: That if you take his view in the ground, and perceive he has
+a large Foot, a&nbsp;thick Heel, a&nbsp;deep Print, open Cleft and long
+space, then be assured he is Old; as the Contrary concludes him
+Young.</p>
+
+<p>But <i>Where</i> and <i>When</i> shall we find him? Examine the
+following Annual or monethly Season-Description, and you shall find him;
+begining at the end of Rutting-time, that is, In</p>
+
+<p><i>November</i>, in Heaths among Furs, Shrubs and Whines.</p>
+
+<p><i>December</i>, in Forrests among thick and strong Woods.</p>
+
+<p><i>January</i>, in Corners of the Forrests, Corn-fields,
+<i>Wheat</i>, <i>Rye</i>, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p><i>February</i> and <i>March</i>, Amongst young and thick Bushes.</p>
+
+<p><i>April</i> and <i>May</i>, in Coppices and Springs.</p>
+
+<p><i>June</i> and <i>July</i>, in Out-Woods and Purlieus nearest the
+Corn Fields.</p>
+
+<p><i>September</i> and <i>October</i>, After the first showers of Rain,
+they leave their Thickets, and go to Rut, during which
+<span class = "pagenum">19</span>
+time there is no certain place to find them&nbsp;in.</p>
+
+<p>When you have found him in any of these places, be careful to go up
+the Wind; and the best time to find him is <i>before Sun-rising</i>,
+when he goes to feed; then watch him to his Leir, and having lodged him,
+go and prepare; if he is not forced, he will not budge till Evening.
+Approaching his Lodging, cast off your <i>Finders</i>, who having Hunted
+him a Ring or two, cast in the rest; and being in full Cry and maine
+Chace, Comfort and Cheer them with Horne and Voice. Be sure to take
+notice of him by some <i>Mark</i>, and if your Dogs make <i>Default</i>,
+rate them off and bring them to the Default back, and make them cast
+about till they have undertaken the first Deer; Then cheer them to the
+utmost, and so continue till they have either set up or slain him. It is
+the Nature of a <i>Stag</i>, to seek for one of his kind, when he is
+Imbost or weary, and beating him up, ly down in his place; therefore
+have a watchful eye unto <i>Change</i>. As likewise by taking
+<i>Soil</i> (<i>i. e.</i> Water) he will swim a River just in the middle
+down the Stream, covering himself
+<span class = "pagenum">20</span>
+all over, but his Nose, keeping the middle, least by touching any
+Boughe<span class = "missing">s</span> he leave a Scent for the Hounds;
+And <span class = "missing">by</span> his Crossings and Doublings he
+will e<span class = "missing">n</span>deavour to baffle his Pursuers: In
+th<span class = "missing">ese</span> Cases have regard to your <i>Old
+Hou<span class = "missing">nds,</span></i> as I said before. When he is
+<i>Imbost</i> <span class = "missing">or</span> weary, may be known
+thus: By <span class = "missing">his </span> Creeping into holes, and
+often lying down, or by his running stiff, high and lumpering, slavering
+and foaming at Mouth, shining and blackness of his Hair, and much Sweat;
+And thus much for <i>Stag</i> or <i>Hart Hunting</i>. As for the
+<i>Buck</i> I shall not speak any thing, for he that can Hunt a
+<i>Stag</i> well, cannot fail Hunting a <i>Buck</i> well. As likewise
+for the <i>Roe-Hunting</i>, I&nbsp;refer you to what is spoken of the
+<i>Hart</i> or <i>Stag</i>.</p>
+
+<!-- missing words supplied from 1696 if matching -->
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">Of Hare Hunting.</h5>
+
+<p>As for the <i>Time</i>, the most proper to begin this Game, note;
+That about the middle of <i>September</i> is best and to end towards the
+latter end of <i>February</i>, when surcease, and destroy not the young
+early Brood of <i>Leverets</i>; and this season is most agreeable
+likewise to the nature of <i>Hounds</i>; moist and cool.
+<span class = "pagenum">21</span>
+Now for the <i>Place</i> where to find her, <span class =
+"missing">you</span> must examine and observe the Sea<span class =
+"missing">sons</span> of the Year; for in Summer or <span class =
+"missing">Spring</span> time, you shall find them in <span class =
+"missing">Corn-</span>fields and open places, not sitting <span class =
+"missing">in Bushes</span>, for fear of Snakes, Adders, <span class =
+"missing"><i>&amp;c.</i></span> In <i>Winter</i> they love Tuffs of
+<span class = "missing">Thorns</span> and Brambles, near Houses: <span
+class = "missing">In</span> these places you must regard the
+<i>Oldness</i> or <i>Newness</i> of her <i>Forme</i> or Seat, to prevent
+Labour in Vain: If it be plain and smooth within, and the Pad before it
+flat and worn, and the Prickles so new and perceptible, that the Earth
+seems black, and fresh broken, then assure your self the Forme is new,
+and from thence you may Hunt and recover the <i>Hare</i>; if the
+contrary (which narrowly observe) it is Old, and if your <i>Hounds</i>
+call upon it, rate them off; the Scent is Old. When the <i>Hare</i> is
+started and on Foot, step in where you saw her pass, and hollow in your
+<i>Hounds</i> till they have undertaken it, then go on with full Cry.
+Above all be sure to observe her first Doubling, which must be your
+direction for all that day; for all her other after Doublings will be
+like that. When she is thus reduced to the <i>slights</i> and
+<i>shifts</i>
+<span class = "pagenum">22</span>
+she makes by Doublings and Windings, give your Dogs <i>Time</i> and
+<i>Place</i> enough to cast about your Rings, for unwinding the same;
+and observe her <i>leaps</i> and <i>skips</i> before she squat, and beat
+curiously all likely places of Harbour: She is soon your Prey now.</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">Of Coney-Catching.</h5>
+
+<p>Their <i>Seasons</i> are alwayes, and the way of taking them thus:
+Set Pursenets on their Holes, and put in a <i>Ferret</i> close muzzled,
+and she will bolt them out (being a natural Enemy to them) into the
+Nets: Or blow on the suddain the Drone of a Bag-Pipe into the Burrows,
+and they will boult out: Or for want of either of these two, take powder
+of <i>Orpine</i> and <i>Brimstone</i> and boult them out with the
+Smother: But pray use this last seldom, unless you would destroy your
+Warren. But for this sport <i>Hays</i> are to be preferred above
+all.</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">Of Fox Hunting.</h5>
+
+<p><i>January</i>, <i>February</i>, and <i>March</i>, are the best
+Seasons for Hunting the <i>Fox</i> above ground, the scent being then
+strong,
+<span class = "pagenum">23</span>
+and the coldest Weather for the <i>Hounds</i>, and best finding his
+Earthing. Cast off your sure Finders first, and as the <i>Drag</i>
+mends, more; but not too many at once, because of the Variety of Chaces
+in Woods and Coverts. The night before the day of Hunting, when the
+<i>Fox</i> goes to prey at midnight, find his Earths, and stop them with
+Black Thorns and Earth. To find him draw your <i>Hounds</i> about
+Groves, Thickets, and Bushes near Villages; Pigs and Poultrey inviting
+him to such Places to Lurk in. They make their Earths in hard Clay,
+stony ground, and amongst Roots of Trees; and have but one Hole straight
+and long. He is usually taken, with <i>Hounds</i>, <i>Grey-Hounds</i>,
+<i>Terriers</i>, <i>Nets</i> and <i>Gins</i>.</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">Of Badger-Hunting.</h5>
+
+<p>This Creature has several Names, as <i>Gray</i>, <i>Brock</i>,
+<i>Boreson</i>, or <i>Bauson</i>; and is hunted thus. First go seek the
+Earths and Burrows where he lieth, and in a clear Moon-shine Night, stop
+all the Holes but one or two, and in these fasten Sacks with drawing
+strings; and being thus set, cast off your <i>Hounds</i>
+<span class = "pagenum">24</span>
+and beat all the Groves, Hedges, and Tuffs within a mile or two about,
+and being alarum’d by the Doggs they will repair to their Burrows and
+Kennells, and running into the Bags are taken. Other Methods there are
+which are used, but the Common usage makes me omit.</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">Of the Martern or wild-Cat.</h5>
+
+<p>These two Chaces are usually hunted in <i>England</i>, and are as
+great Infesters of Warrens, as the two last mentioned Vermine, but are
+not purposely to be sought after; unless the Huntsman see their place of
+Prey, and can go to it; and if the <i>Hound</i> chance to cross them,
+sport may be had. But no Rule can be prescribed how to find or hunt
+them.</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">Of the Otter.</h5>
+
+<p>This Creature useth to lye near Rivers in his Lodging, which he
+cunningly &amp; artificially builds with Boughs, Twiggs and Sticks.
+A&nbsp;great Devourer of Fish, and eatable in some Countries, where they
+have <i>good stomacks</i>. It is a very sagacious and exquisitely
+smelling Creature, and much Cunning and Craft
+<span class = "pagenum">25</span>
+<span class = "folionum">C</span>
+is required to hunt him. But to take him, observe this in short: Being
+provided with <i>Otter-Spears</i> to watch his Vents, and good
+<i>Otter-Hounds</i>, beat both sides of the Rivers banks, and you’ll
+soon find if there is any. If you find him, and perceive where he swims
+under Water, get to stand before him when he <i>Vents</i>, (<i>i. e.</i>
+takes breath) and endeavour to strike him with the spear: If you miss
+him, follow him with your Hound, and if they are good for <i>Otter</i>,
+they will certainly beat every Tree-root, <i>Bulrush-Bed</i>, or
+<i>Osier-Bed</i>, so that he cannot escape you.</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">Of the Wild Goat.</h5>
+
+<p>This being a <i>Welsh-Chace</i>, I thought it not amiss to say
+something of it, as not altogether Forreign. The <i>Wild-Goat</i> is as
+bigg and as fleshy as a <i>Hart</i>, but not so long-legg’d. The best
+time for hunting them is, at <i>All-hollontide</i>; and having observed
+the Advantages of the Coasts, Rocks, and places where the <i>Goats</i>
+lie, set Nets and Toiles towards the Rivers and Bottoms; for ’tis not to
+be imagined, the Doggs can follow them down every place of the
+Mountaines.
+<span class = "pagenum">26</span>
+Stand some on the tops of the Rocks, and as Occasion offers throw down
+Stones; and place your Relays at the small Brooks or Waters, where the
+<i>Goat</i> comes down; but let them not tarry till the <i>Hounds</i>
+come in, that were cast off.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+<i>Thus much for Hunting.</i></p>
+
+
+
+
+<p class = "illustration">
+<a name = "racing" id = "racing" href = "#titlepage">
+<img src = "images/hd_racing.png" width = "235" height = "48"
+alt = "Of Racing"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class = "firstletter">A</span>s all <i>Beasts</i> are
+Subservient to <i>Man</i>, and he a Liberty and Power to Use them, and
+make them his Instruments, for the Procurement of his <i>Profit</i>, or
+<i>Pleasure</i>; so is there not a Creature more Serviceable to man in
+either of these, as the <i>Horse</i>. A&nbsp;<i>Beast</i> Valiant,
+Strong, Nimble and Hardy, the Vivacity of whose Spirits, neither Heat
+can scorch, or dry up, nor Cold benumb or freez; he is Valiant,
+Watchfull, and Laborious, naturally Cleanly, and of exquisite Scent;
+Gentle and Loving to man, docile, and of a retentive Memory, and Apt or
+Fit for the performing any Service wherein man
+<span class = "pagenum">27</span>
+<span class = "folionum">C2</span>
+employes him. And for the Use of which I am now speaking (<i>Racing</i>)
+he ought to be endued with these Qualifications. That he have the
+<i>Finest Cleanest Shape</i> possible, and above all, <i>Nimble</i>,
+<i>Quick</i>, and <i>Fiery</i>, <i>apt to Fly with the least Motion</i>;
+nor is a long Bodied contemptible, it assuring <i>Speed</i>, tho it
+signifies <i>Weakness</i> too. The <i>Arabian</i>, <i>Barbary</i>, or
+his Bastard, are esteemed the best for this Use, these excelling
+<i>Jennets</i>, though they are good too.</p>
+
+<p>Having furnished your self with a <i>Horse</i> thus qualified, you
+are to observe his right and due <i>Ordering</i>, before your designed
+<i>Racing</i>. <i>Bartholomew-tide</i> is the most proper time to
+<i>take him from Grass</i>; the day before being Dry, Fair, and
+Pleasant: That Night let him stand conveniently, to empty his Body; the
+next day <i>Stable</i> him, and feed him with <i>Wheat-straw</i> that
+day, and no longer; lest you exceeding that time, it straighten his
+<i>Guts</i>, heat his <i>Liver</i>, and hurt his <i>Blood</i>; for want
+of <i>Straw</i>, Riding him Morning and Evening to <i>Water</i>, Airing,
+or other moderate Exercises will serve. Then feed him with good old
+sweet <i>Hay</i>, and according to the Season, and Temperature of his
+Body
+<span class = "pagenum">28</span>
+clothe him; for a <i>Smooth Coat</i> shews <i>Cloth</i> enough, and a
+<i>Rough Coat</i> want of it. Observe likewise where you <i>Water</i>
+your <i>Race-Horse</i>, that it be a Running <i>Water</i>, or Clear
+<i>Spring</i>, far distant (a&nbsp;Mile or more) from the <i>Stable</i>,
+adjoyning to some <i>Levell</i>; where after he has once well drunk,
+Gallop him, and so <i>Water</i> and <i>Scope</i> him, till that he
+refuse to drink more, for that time; then Walk him gently Home, (being
+an Hour on your way, or more) clothe, and stop him round with soft
+<i>Whisps</i>, and let him stand an Hour upon his <i>Bridle</i>, and
+after feed him with sweet sound <i>Oats</i>, throughly dryed either with
+<i>Age</i>, <i>Kilne</i>, or <i>Sun</i>; if he be low of Flesh, or bad
+Stomacht, add a third part of Clean Old <i>Beans</i>, to two parts of
+<i>Oats</i>, or wash his <i>Oats</i> in Strong <i>Beer</i> or
+<i>Ale</i>.</p>
+
+<p>For <i>Dressing</i> take these <i>Rules</i>. <i>Dress</i> your
+<i>Horse</i> twice a day, before you <i>Water</i> him, both Morning, and
+Evening, thus: <i>Curry</i> him after he is uncloath’d, from his
+<i>Ear-tips</i> to his <i>Tayle</i>, and his whole Body intirely (save
+his Legs under the Knees, and Cambrels) with an <i>Iron Comb</i>; then
+Dust him, and Rub him with a <i>Brush</i> of <i>Bristles</i> over
+again<ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">.</ins>
+<span class = "pagenum">29</span>
+<span class = "folionum">C3</span>
+Dust him again, and wetting your hand in clean Water, rub off all the
+loose Hairs, and so rub him dry as at first; then with a fine <i>Hair
+Cloth</i> rub him all over; and Lastly, with a fine <i>Linnen Cloth</i>;
+and then pick his <i>Eyes</i>, <i>Nostrils</i>, <i>Sheath</i>,
+<i>Cods</i>, <i>Tuel</i>, and <i>Feet</i>, clean.</p>
+
+<p>The best <i>Food</i> for your <i>Racer</i>, is good, sweet, well
+dryed, sunned, and beaten <i>Oats</i>: Or else <i>Bread</i> made of one
+part <i>Beans</i>, and two parts <i>Wheat</i> (<i>i.&nbsp;e.</i>) two
+<i>Bushells</i> of <i>Wheat</i>, to one of <i>Beans</i>, ground
+together: Boult through a fine <i>Range</i> half a <i>Bushell</i> of
+fine <i>Meal</i>, and bake that in two or three <i>Loaves</i> by it
+self, and with <i>Water</i>, and good store of <i>Barme</i>, knead up,
+and bake the rest in great <i>Loaves</i>, having sifted it through a
+<i>Meal-sieve</i>: [But to your <i>Finer</i>, you would do well to put
+the <i>Whites</i> of Twenty or Thirty <i>Eggs</i>, and with the
+<i>Barme</i> a little <i>Ale</i>, ’tis no matter how little
+<i>Water</i>:] With the <i>Courser</i> feed him on his Resting dayes, on
+his Labouring dayes with the <i>Finer</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The best <i>Time for feeding</i> your <i>Runner</i> on his
+<i>Resting-dayes</i> is; After his <i>Watering</i> in the Morning, at
+<i>One</i> a Clock at Noon, after his <i>VVatering</i> in the
+<span class = "pagenum">30</span>
+Evening, and at <i>Nine</i> or <i>Ten</i> a Clock at Nights: On his
+<i>Dayes of Labour</i>, Two Hours after he is throughly Cold, outwardly
+and inwardly, as before.</p>
+
+<p>As for the Proportion of Meat, I shall not confine your Love to a
+Quantity, only give him a little at once, as long as his Appetite is
+Good: When he begins to fumble and play with his Meat, hold your Hand,
+shut up your Sack.</p>
+
+<p>As for his <i>Exercise</i> it ought to be Thrice a Week, as his
+bodily Condition requires; if he be foul, moderate Exercise will break
+his Grease; if clean, then as you judge best, taking heed of breaking
+his Mettle, or discouraging him, or laming his Limbs. Before you air him
+to add to his Wind, it is requisite to give him a raw Egg broken in his
+mouth: If your Horse be very <i>Fat</i>, air him before Sun-rising and
+after Sun-set; if <i>Lean</i>, deprive him not of the least strength and
+Comfort of the <i>Sun</i> you can devise. To make him <i>Sweat</i>
+sometimes by coursing him in his Cloathes is necessary, if moderate; but
+without his Cloaths, let it be sharp and swift. See that he be <i>empty
+before you Course him</i>; and it is wholesome to wash his Tongue and
+<span class = "pagenum">31</span>
+<span class = "folionum">C4</span>
+Nostrills with <i>Vinegar</i>, or <i>piss</i> in his Mouth, before you
+back him. And after his Exercise, cool him before you come home, house,
+litter and rub him well and dry; then cloath him, and give him after
+every Course a Scouring thus prepared.</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">For scouring a Race Horse.</h5>
+
+<p>Take 20 <i>Raisins of the Sun</i> stoned, 10. <i>Figgs</i> slit in
+the midst, boyle them till they be thick in a Pottle of Fair Water, mix
+it with Powder of <i>Annis-Seeds</i>, <i>Lycoras</i>, and
+<i>Sugar-candy</i>, till it come to a stiff Paste, make them into round
+Balls, roul them in Butter, and give him three or four of them the next
+morning after his Course, and ride him an hour after, and then set him
+up Warm. Or this may be preferred, being both a Purge and a Restorative,
+a&nbsp;Cleanser and a Comforter, thus prepared.</p>
+
+<p>Take three Ounces of <i>Annis-Seeds</i>, six Drams of
+<i>Cummin-Seeds</i>, one Dram and half of <i>Carthamus</i>, one Ounce
+and two Drams of <i>Fennugreek-Seed</i>, one Ounce and half of
+<i>Brimstone</i>; Beat all these to a fine Powder, and searse them;
+<span class = "pagenum">32</span>
+then take a Pint and two Ounces of <i>Sallet Oyl</i>, a&nbsp;pint and
+half of <i>Honey</i>, and a Pottle of <i>White-wine</i>; then with a
+sufficient Quantity of fine white Meal, knead and work all well into a
+stiff Paste; keep it in a clean Cloath, for use. When occasion requires,
+dissolve a Ball of it in a Pail of Water, and after Exercise give it him
+to drink in the Dark, that he may not see the Colour, and refuse it: If
+he does refuse, let Fasting force him to be of another mind.</p>
+
+<p>To conclude, those Instructions, which are enumerated by Mr.
+<i>Markham</i>, I&nbsp;will give you in short before you run, and then
+away as fast as you can.</p>
+
+<p><i>Course not your Horse hard four or five dayes before your Match,
+lest you make his Limbs sore, and abate his Speed.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Muzzle him not (except a foul Feeder) above two or three Nights
+before the Race, and the Night before his bloody Courses.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Give him sharp, <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘as / as’">as</ins>
+well as gentle, Courses on the Race he is to run.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Shoe him a day before you run him.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Let him be empty on the Match Day.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Saddle him in the Stable, and fix to him the Girths and Pannel
+with Shoo-makers Wax.</i></p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">33</span>
+<p><i>Lead him with all Gentleness to his Course, and let him smell
+other Horses Dung to provoke him to stale</i>, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>And Lastly, Being come to the starting place rub him well, uncloath
+him, then take his Back, and the Word given, with all Gentleness and
+Quietness possible, start and away; <i>And God speed you well</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<p class = "illustration">
+<a name = "hawking" id = "hawking" href = "#titlepage">
+<img src = "images/hd_hawking.png" width = "279" height = "47"
+alt = "Of Hawking"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class = "firstletter">I</span> shall not insist on any large
+<i>Encomiums</i> of this Recreation, only that it is a most <i>Princely
+and serious Pleasure</i>; nor shall I amuse you with subtle and nice
+<i>Distinctions</i>, and things no way material; But will inform you
+with what is meerly necessary for the right <i>Understanding and Use</i>
+of this Noble Art. I&nbsp;shall begin then with <i>Hawks</i>, their
+<i>Names</i> and <i>Flights</i>.</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">Of Hawks there are two sorts.</h5>
+
+<p>The Long-Winged Hawks.</p>
+
+<div class = "hanging">
+<p><i>Faulcon</i> and <i>Tiercle-gentle</i>.</p>
+<span class = "pagenum">34</span>
+<p><i>Gerfaulcon</i> and <i>Jerkin</i>.</p>
+<p><i>Saker</i> and <i>Sakaret</i>.</p>
+<p><i>Lanner</i> and <i>Lanneret</i>.</p>
+<p><i>Barbary Faulcon.</i></p>
+<p><i>Merlin</i> and <i>Jack</i>.</p>
+<p><i>Hobby</i> and <i>Jack</i>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Short-Winged Hawks.</p>
+
+<div class = "hanging">
+<p><i>Eagle</i> and <i>Iron</i>.</p>
+<p><i>Goshawk</i> and <i>Tiercel</i>.</p>
+<p><i>Sparrow-Hawk</i> and <i>Musket</i>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There are others too of inferiour sort as,</p>
+
+<div class = "hanging">
+<p><i>Ring-Tail.</i></p>
+<p><i>Raven</i> and <i>Buzzard</i>.</p>
+<p><i>Forked Kite.</i></p>
+<p><i>Hen-driver</i>, &amp;c.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>And as the <i>Age</i> of these <i>Hawks</i> is, so we name them,
+as</p>
+
+<div class = "hanging">
+<p>The First Year a <i>Soarage</i>.</p>
+<p>The Second Year an <i>Intermewer</i>.</p>
+<p>The Third Year a <i>White Hawk</i>.</p>
+<p>The Fourth Year a <i>Hawk of the First Coat</i>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Thus much for their <i>Names</i>, now we come to speak of the
+<i>Flights</i> of these <i>Hawks</i>; which are these</p>
+
+<div class = "hanging">
+<p>The <i>Faulcon-Gentle</i>, for <i>Partridge</i> or
+<i>Mallard</i>.</p>
+<p><i>Gerfaulcon</i>, will fly at the <i>Herne</i>.</p>
+<p><i>Saker</i>, at the <i>Crane</i> or <i>Bittern</i>.</p>
+<span class = "pagenum">35</span>
+<p><i>Lanner</i>, at the <i>Partridge</i>, <i>Pheasant</i> or
+<i>Choofe</i>.</p>
+<p><i>Barbary-Faulcon</i>, at the <i>Partridge</i> only.</p>
+<p><i>Merlin</i> and <i>Hobby</i>, at the <i>Lark</i>, or any small
+Bird.</p>
+<p><i>Goshawk</i> and <i>Tiercel</i>, at the <i>Partridge</i>, or
+<i>Hare</i>.</p>
+<p><i>Sparrow-Hawk</i>, at the <i>Partridge</i> or <i>Black-Bird</i>.
+And the</p>
+<p><i>Musket</i>, at the <i>Bush</i>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Thus much for their several proper <i>Flights</i>, we are now come to
+their <i>Manning</i>, the Method of which being generally one and the
+same (though it has been the Labour of some to spend much Time, and many
+Words in treating of the various wayes of <i>Manning Hawks</i>, and yet
+comes all to one effect) I&nbsp;shall in short (according to the Design
+of this <i>Epitome</i>) lay down this Rule: That you watch, and keep
+them from Sleep, continually carrying them upon your <i>Fist</i>,
+familiarly stroak them with a Wing of some Dead <i>Fowle</i>, or the
+like, and play with them; Accustome to gaze, and look in their Face with
+a Loving, Smiling, Gentle Countenance; and that will make her
+acquainted, and familiar with Man.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">36</span>
+<p>Having made them familiar, the next thing is to <i>Bring them to the
+Lure</i>, (which the <i>Faulconer</i> makes of <i>Feathers</i>, and
+<i>Leather</i> much like a <i>Fowle</i>, which he casts into the Air,
+and calls the <i>Hawk</i> to) which is after this manner. Set your
+<i>Hawk</i> on the <i>Perch</i>, unhood her, and shew her some
+<i>Meat</i> within your <i>Fist</i>, call her by <i>Chirping</i>,
+<i>Whistling</i> or the like, till she comes, then Feed her with it; if
+she comes not, let her Fast, and be sharp set: <i>Short-winged
+Hawks</i>, are properly said to be <i>Called</i>, not <i>Lured</i>. Make
+her bold, and acquainted with <i>Men</i>, <i>Dogs</i>, and
+<i>Horses</i>, and let her be eager and sharp-set, before you shew her
+the <i>Lure</i>; knowing her <i>Luring</i> Hours; and let both sides of
+the <i>Lure</i> be garnished with warm, and bloody <i>Meat</i>; let her
+likewise know your <i>Voice</i> well; so that being well acquainted with
+<i>Voice</i>, and <i>Lure</i>, the Hearing of the one, or Sight of the
+other, makes her Obedient; which you must reward by <i>Feeding</i>, or
+punish by <i>Fasting</i>. But before <i>Luring</i> (or any
+<i>Flight</i>) it is requisite to <i>Bathe</i> your <i>Hawk</i> in some
+quiet and still shallow <i>Brook</i>, or for want of that in a Large
+<i>Bason</i>, shallow <i>Tub</i>, or the like, lest being at
+<span class = "pagenum">37</span>
+Liberty, you lose your <i>Hawk</i>, (whose Nature requires such Bathing)
+and make her rangle. Now to make her know her <i>Lure</i>, is thus: Give
+your <i>Hawk</i> to another, and having loosned in readiness her
+Hood-strings, and fastened a <i>Pullet</i> to the <i>Lure</i>, go a
+little distance, cast it half the length of the string about your Head,
+still <i>Luring</i> with your Voice, unhood your <i>Hawk</i>, and throw
+it a little way from her: If she stoop and seize, let her plume the
+<i>Pullet</i>, and feed on it upon the <i>Lure</i>: Then take her and
+Meat on your Fist, Hood her, and give her the Tiring of the Wing, or
+Foot of the said <i>Pullet</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Having <i>Manned</i> and <i>Lured</i> your <i>Hawk</i>, before you
+bring her to her <i>Flight</i>, one thing is to be observed and done,
+called in the <i>Faulconers Dialect</i>, <i>Enseaming</i>, which is to
+cleanse her from <i>Fat</i>, <i>Grease</i>, &amp; <i>Glut</i>, known by
+her round <i>Thighs</i>, and full <i>Meutings</i>; and thus you may do
+it: In the Morning when you feed her, give her a bit or two of
+<i>Hot-meat</i>, and at Night very little or nothing. Then feed her
+Morning and Evening with a <i>Rook</i>, wash’d twice till the Pinions be
+tender; then give a Casting of Feathers as her Nature will bear; and
+once in
+<span class = "pagenum">38</span>
+two or three dayes give her a <i>Hens-neck</i> well joynted and washt:
+Then a quick train <i>Pigeon</i> every Morning; and after by these and
+her own Exercise, she has broken and dissolved the <i>Grease</i>, give
+her three or Four <i>Pellets</i> of the Root of <i>Sellandine</i>, as
+bigg as a <i>Garden Pease</i>, steept in the Sirrup of <i>Roses</i>; and
+you have done this part of your Duty.</p>
+
+<p>To <i>Enter</i> your <i>Hawks</i>, for <i>Partridge</i> or
+<i>Fowle</i>, observe this. Lay an Old Feild-<i>Partridge</i> in a Hole,
+covered with something, and fasten to it a small <i>Creance</i> (<i>i.
+e.</i> a Fine small long Line of strong and even-wound Packthread
+fastned to the <i>Hawks</i> Leash when first Lured,) and uncoupling your
+ranging <i>Spaniels</i>, pluck off the Covering of the Traine
+<i>Partridge</i> and let it go, and the <i>Hawk</i> after it; and as
+soon as she has slain it, reward her well with it. And thus to make her
+fly at <i>Fowle</i>, feed her well with the <i>Traine</i> of the Fowle
+you would have; doing afterwards as above.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Faults</i> of <i>Hawks</i> differ according to their Nature
+and Make: <i>Long-winged Hawks</i> faults are thus helped. If she used
+<i>to take stand</i>, flying at the River, or
+<span class = "pagenum">39</span>
+in Champain Feilds, shun flying near Trees or Covert; or otherwise, let
+several Persons have <i>Trains</i>, and as she offers to stand, let him
+that’s next her cast out his Traine, and she killing it reward her. And
+indeed you ought never to be without some live Bird or Fowle in your
+Bag, as <i>Pigeon</i>, <i>Duck</i>, <i>Mallard</i>, &amp;c. If she be
+<i>Froward</i> and <i>Coy</i>; when she Kills, reward her not as
+usually, but slide some other meat under her, and let her take her
+pleasure on it; giving her some Feathers to make her scoure and cast. If
+she be <i>Wild</i>, <i>look not inward</i>, but mind <i>Check</i>,
+(<i>i. e.</i> other Game, as <i>Crows</i>, &amp;c. that fly cross her)
+then lure her back, and stooping to it, reward her presently.</p>
+
+<p>The faults of <i>Short-Winged Hawks</i> thus are helped. Sometimes
+the <i>Goshawk</i> and <i>Sparrow-Hawks</i>, will neither kill, nor
+<i>Fly</i> the Game to <i>Mark</i>, but will turn <i>Taile</i> to it:
+Then encourage your Dogs to Hunt, cast a Traine <i>Partridge</i> before
+your <i>Hawk</i>, make her seize it, and feed well upon&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p>If a <i>Hawk take a Tree</i>, and will not fly at all, feed her then
+upon quick Birds, and make her foot them, and in the plain Champaign
+Feilds unhood
+<span class = "pagenum">40</span>
+her, and riding up and down a while let one cast out a
+Feild-<i>Partridge</i> before her, let her fly at it, and footing it
+feed on it. If they be <i>too fond of Man</i>, that after a stroke or
+two will not fly, be seldom familiar with her, and reward her not as she
+comes so improperly: Otherwise reward her well.</p>
+
+<p>As for <i>Mewing of Hawks</i>, the best time for <i>Long-winged
+Hawks</i> is about the middle of <i>April</i>, and <i>March</i> for the
+<i>Short-Winged Hawks</i>. There are two kinds of Mewings. 1.&nbsp;<i>At
+the stock or stone</i>; so called from its being low upon the ground,
+free from Noise, Vermin or ill Air. 2.&nbsp;<i>At large</i>; so called
+from being in a high Room, with open Windows towards the <i>North</i> or
+<i>North-East</i>. The former is accounted the best Mewing. I&nbsp;shall
+not insist on the erecting or ordering of this Mew, leaving that to the
+Discretion of the Faulconer; only before he mews his <i>Hawk</i>, see if
+they have <i>Lice</i>, to pepper and scowre them too. The best <i>time
+to draw</i> the Field-<i>Hawk</i> <i>from the Mew</i>, is in
+<i>June</i>, and she will be ready to fly in <i>August</i>; the Hawks
+for the River in <i>August</i>, will be ready in <i>September</i>. And
+because <i>Hawks</i> are subject to divers Infirmities and Diseases, I
+<span class = "pagenum">41</span>
+shall prescribe some Remedies, and so Conclude.</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">Cures for Hawks Diseases.</h5>
+
+<p>The good Faulconer ought diligently to observe the Complexions of his
+<i>Hawks Castings</i> and <i>Mewtings</i>, to judge of their Maladies,
+and is prescribed by some as an excellent way; and is indeed so; but an
+assured sign of knowing whether they are sick or distempered is this.
+Take your <i>Hawk</i>, turning up her Train, if you see her Tuel or
+Fundiment swelleth, or looketh red; Or, if her Eyes or Eares be of a
+fiery Complexion, it is an infallible sign of her being not well and in
+good health; and then Scouring is necessary first; which is done by the
+most Soveraign <i>Aloes Cicatrine</i>, about the quantity of a Bean,
+wrapt up in her Meat; and this avoids Grease, and kills Wormes too.</p>
+
+<p><i>For the Cataract</i>: Take one Scruple of washt <i>Aloes</i>
+finely beaten, and two Scruples of <i>Sugar-candy</i>, mix these
+together, and with a Quil blow it three or four times a day into your
+<i>Hawks</i> Eye.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pantus</i> or <i>Asthma</i>: Pour the Oyl of sweet <i>Almonds</i>
+into a Chickens Gutt,
+<span class = "pagenum">42</span>
+well washt, and give it the <i>Hawk</i>: Or, scower her with
+<i>Sellandine</i>-Pellets, and Oyle of <i>Roses</i>, and then wash her
+meat in the Decoction of <i>Coltsfoot</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Filanders</i> or <i>Wormes</i>: To prevent them, seeing your Hawk
+low and poor, give her once a month a Clove of <i>Garlick</i>. To cure
+or kill them; take half a dozen Cloves of <i>Garlick</i>, boyle them
+very tender in <i>Milk</i>, then take them and dry the Milk out of them;
+put them into a spoonful of the best <i>Oyle of Olives</i>, and having
+steept them all Night, give them both to your Hawk, when she has cast,
+in the morning; feed her not til two hours after, and then with warm
+Meat, and keep her warm all that day.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lice</i>: Mail your Hawk in some Woollen Cloath, put between her
+Head and Hood a little Wool, and take a Pipe of <i>Tobacco</i>, put the
+little end in at the Tream, blow the smoak, and the Lice that escape
+Killing, will creep into the Cloth: <i>Probatum</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Formica</i>: Take a little of the Gall of a <i>Bull</i>, and
+beating it with <i>Aloes</i>, anoint the Beak of the Hawk, Morning and
+Evening.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">43</span>
+<p><i>Frounce</i>: Take the Powder of <i>Allume</i>, reduced to a Salve
+with strong Wine Vinegar, and wash her mouth with it; then take the
+Juice of <i>Lollium</i> and <i>Raddish</i>, mixt with Salt, and anoint
+the Sore.</p>
+
+<p><i>Apoplex</i>: Gather the Herb <i>Asterion</i> (the Moon being in
+the Waine and in the Sign <i>Virgo</i>) wash your Hawks meat with the
+Juice thereof when you feed her, is Soveraign.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wounds</i>: Take the Juice of <i>English Tobacco</i>, or
+<i>Mouse-eare</i>, after you have sticht it up, with a little Lint,
+bathe the place is highly approved.</p>
+
+<p>Many other Diseases there are, which others have largely treatad of,
+and to whom I refer you in case of some Diseases, which may occur; and
+here take leave to conclude this my discourse of Hawking:</p>
+
+
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">44</span>
+<p class = "illustration">
+<a name = "riding" id = "riding" href = "#titlepage">
+<img src = "images/hd_riding.png" width = "233" height = "47"
+alt = "Of Riding"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class = "firstletter">T</span>his Noble Art being rightly and
+throughly learnt, qualifies a Gentleman for the three preceding Sports,
+and is for that Reason placed here, as a necessary Attendant of them.
+And here we must first examine the Ends &amp; Design of our proposing
+this Art to our selves, &amp; accordingly lay down as briefly as may be
+the necessary Rules and Lessons are to be observed and learnt, for the
+obtaining and prosecuting the same, and I take these to be the usual
+Perfections we aime at, <i>To Ride well the great <em>Horse</em>, for
+the Warrs or Service, and the <em>Horse</em> for Pleasure</i>; of both
+which as concisely as I can, in their Order.</p>
+
+<p>As a <i>Preface</i> to this, we must begin with <i>Taming a young
+Colt</i>. After you have kept your Colt at home some time, and made him
+so Familiar with you, as to suffer <i>Combing</i>, <i>Currying</i>,
+<i>Handling</i>, and <i>Stroaking</i> any part, ’tis high time then to
+offer him the Saddle, which you must lay in the <i>Manger</i> first,
+that by its smell, he may not be afraid of it, or the <i>Styrrups</i>
+Noise.
+<span class = "pagenum">45</span>
+Then gently saddling him (after his dressing) take a sweet <i>Watring
+Trench</i>, anointed with Honey and Salt, and place it in his Mouth so,
+that it may hang directly over his <i>Tush</i>; then lead him abroad in
+your hand, and Water him; and after he has stood an hour rein’d thus,
+take off his Bridle and Saddle, and let him feed till Evening; Then do
+as in the morning; then dress and Cloath him, having <i>Cherisht</i> him
+before, <i>i. e.</i> By the <i>Voice</i> delivered smoothly and gently;
+or by the <i>Hand</i> by gently stroaking and clapping him on the neck,
+or buttock; or lastly by the <i>Rod</i>, by rubbing it on his Withers or
+Main.</p>
+
+<p>On the next day as before; and after that, put him on a strong
+<i>Musrole</i>, or sharp <i>Cavezan</i>, and <i>Martingale</i>; which is
+the best guide to a Horse for setting his Head in due place, forming the
+Rein, and appearing Gracefull and Comely; it corrects the yerking out
+his Head, or Nose, and prevents his running away with his Rider. Observe
+therefore to place it right, that it be not buckled straight, but loose,
+and so low, that it rest on the tender Grissle of his Nose, to make him
+the
+<span class = "pagenum">46</span>
+more sensible of his Fault, and Correction; and so as you see you win
+his Head, bring him straighter by degrees; let him but gently feel it,
+till his Head be brought to its true Perfection.</p>
+
+<p>Having observed this well, lead him forth into some soft or new
+Plowed Land, and to take off his wanton knavish Tricks, trot him about
+in your hand a good while: Then offer to Mount; if he refuse to suffer
+you, Trot him again; then putting your foot into the <i>Styrrop</i>,
+mount half way; if he takes it impatient, correct him, and about again;
+if not cherish him, and place your self a moment in the Saddle,
+dismount, cherish, and feed him with <i>Grass</i>, or <i>Bread</i>: All
+things being well, remount, even in the Saddle, keeping your Rod from
+his Eye; then let one lead him by the <i>Chaff-Halter</i>, and ever and
+a-non make him stand, and cherish him, till he will of his one accord go
+forward; then come home, alight gently, and do a good Horsemans Duty,
+<i>To dress and feed him well</i>. This Course in few dayes will bring
+him to Trot, by following some other Horseman, stop him now and then
+gently, and forward; not forgetting seasonable
+<span class = "pagenum">47</span>
+<i>Cherishings</i> and <i>Corrections</i>, by <i>Voice</i>,
+<i>Bridle</i>, <i>Rod</i>, <i>Spurs</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Being thus brought to some certainty of <i>Reine</i>, and
+<i>Trotting</i> forth-right, then to the <i>Treading forth of the large
+Rings</i>. And here first examine your Horses Nature, before you choose
+your Ground, for, if his Nature be dull and sloathful, yet strong, then
+<i>New-plow’d-Field</i> is best; if <i>Active</i>, <i>Quick</i>, and
+<i>Fiery</i>, then <i>Sandy-ground</i> is to be preferred; in the most
+proper of which mark out a large Ring, of a Hundred Paces circumference.
+Now then walk about it on the right seven or eight times, then by a
+little straightning your right Rein, and laying your left Leg Calf to
+his side, make a half Circle within the Ring upon your right down to its
+Center; then by straightning a little your left Rein, and laying your
+right Leg Calf to his side, make a half Circle to your left hand, from
+the Center to the outmost Verge, and these you see contrary turned make
+a Roman&nbsp;S. Now to your first large Compass, walk him about on your
+left hand, as oft as before on the right, and change to your right
+within your Ring; then Trot him first on the right-hand, then on the
+left, as long as
+<span class = "pagenum">48</span>
+you judge fit, and as often Mornings, and Evenings as the Nature of your
+Horse shall require. In the same manner you may make him to
+<i>Gallop</i> the same Rings, though you must not enter it all at once,
+but by degrees, first a Quarter, then a Half-quarter; and the Lightness
+and Cheerfulness of your Body, not the Spur, must induce him
+to&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p>The next Lesson is to <i>Stop Fair, Comely, and without Danger</i>.
+First see that the Ground be hard and firm, then having cherisht your
+Horse, bring him to a swift Trot, about Fifty Paces, and then straightly
+and suddenly draw in your Bridle hand; then ease a little your hand to
+make him give backward, and in so doing, give him liberty, and cherish
+him; then drawing in your Bridle hand, make him retire, and go back; if
+he strike, ease your hand; if he refuse, let some by-stander put him
+back, that he may learn your intention; and thus he may Learn these Two
+Lessons at once.</p>
+
+<p><i>To Advance before</i>, when he stoppeth, is thus taught: When you
+stop your Horse, without easing your hand, lay close and hard to his
+sides both the
+<span class = "pagenum">49</span>
+<span class = "folionum">D</span>
+Calves of your Legs, and shaking your Rod cry, <i>Up, Up</i>; which he
+will understand by frequent Repetition, and Practice: This is a
+Gracefull, and Comely Motion, makes a Horse Agile, and Nimble, and ready
+to Turn; and therefore be carefull in it: That he take up his Legs
+<i>Even</i> together, and bending to his Body; not too high, for fear of
+his coming over; not sprawling, or pawing; or for his own pleasure; in
+these faults correct him with Spur and Rod.</p>
+
+<p>To <i>Yerk out behind</i> is the next Lesson, thus learnt: Presently
+upon your making him stop, give him a good brisk jerk near his Flank,
+which will make him soon understand you. When he does it, cherish him;
+and see he does it comely, for to yerk out his hinder Legs, till his
+Forelegs be above ground, is not graceful; or one Leg yerk’t further out
+than the other; or one Leg out while the other is on the ground; in this
+case a single Spur on the faulty side is best. But to help him in
+Yerking, staying his mouth on the Bridle, striking your Rod under his
+belly, or touching him on the Rump with it, are reckoned necessary.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">50</span>
+<p>To <i>Turn readily on both hands</i>, thus: Bring his large Rings
+narrower, &amp; therein gently walk him, till acquainted. Then carry
+your Bridle-hand steady and straight, the outmost rather straighter then
+the inmost Rein, to look from, rather than to the Ring; Trot him thus
+about, on one side and the other successively, as aforesaid. After some
+time stop, and make him advance twice or more, and retire in an even
+Line; then stop and cherish him. To it again, after the same manner,
+making him lap his outmost Leg above a foot over his inner. And thus the
+<i>Terra a Terra</i>, <i>Incavalere</i> &amp; <i>Chambletta</i>, are all
+taught together. Perfect your Horse in the large Ring, and the straight
+Ring is easily learnt.</p>
+
+<p>Your Horse being brought thus far to perfection, with the
+<i>Musrole</i> and <i>Trench</i>, now let a gentle <i>Cavezan</i> take
+their place; with a smooth Cannon-Bit in his Mouth, &amp; a&nbsp;plain
+watering Chain, Cheek large, and the Kirble thick, round and big,
+loosely hanging on his nether Lip; and thus mount him, and perfect your
+Horse with the <i>Bit</i> in all the ’foresaid Lessons, as you did with
+the <i>Snaffle</i>; which indeed is the easier to be done of the
+two.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">51</span>
+<span class = "folionum">D2</span>
+<p>To teach your Horse <i>To go aside</i>, as a necessary Motion for
+shunning a blow from an Enemy, is thus: Draw up your Bridle-hand
+somewhat straight, and if you would have him go on the Right, lay your
+left Rein close to his Neck, and your left Calf likewise close to his
+side (as in the <i>Incavalere</i> before) making him lap his left Leg
+over his Right; then turning your Rod backward, jerking him on the left
+hinder Thigh gently, make him to bring to the right side his Hinder
+parts, and stand as at first in an even direct Line: Then make him
+remove his Fore parts more, that he may stand as it were Cross over the
+even Line, and then bring his hinder parts after, and stand in an even
+Line again. And thus you must do, if you would have him go on the Left
+hand, using your Corrections &amp; Cherishings on the right. Use it, and
+you may be sure of Perfection.</p>
+
+<p>As for the <i>Manages</i>, somewhat have bin spoken of them, there
+being but two (among many) useful call’d <i>Terra a Terra &amp;
+Incavalere</i> before treated of; &amp; for the <i>Carreere</i>, only
+take this: Let it not extend in length above six-score yards, give your
+Horse warning before you start
+<span class = "pagenum">52</span>
+him by the Bridle hand, and running full speed, stop him suddenly, firme
+and close on his Buttock.</p>
+
+<p>For the <i>Horse of Pleasure</i>, these following Lessons are to be
+learnt. As first to <i>Bound aloft</i>, to do which: Trot him some
+sixteen yards, then stop, and make him twice advance; then straighten
+your Bridle-hand; then clap briskly both your Spurs even together to
+him, and he will rise, though it may at first amaze him; if he does it,
+cherish him, and repeat it often every day, till perfect.</p>
+
+<p>Next to <i>Corvet</i> and <i>Capriole</i> are Motions of the same
+nature, and in short are thus taught. Hollow the ground between two
+joyning Walls a Horses Length, by the side of which put a strong smooth
+Post of the same length from the Wall, and fasten at the Wall an Iron
+Ring over against the Post: Thus done, ride into the hollow place, and
+fasten one of the <i>Cavezan-Reins</i> to the Post, and the other to the
+Ring; then cherish him, and by the help of the Calves of your Legs, make
+him advance two or three times; then pause, and Cherish him; make him
+advance again a dozen times more, and then rest; double your Advancings,
+<span class = "pagenum">53</span>
+and repeat them till it becomes habitual to him, to keep his
+<i>Ground</i> certain, advance of an <i>equall height</i> before and
+behind, and observe a <i>due Time</i> with the motions of your Leggs.
+The Inequality of his advancing his hinder Legs, is helpt by a Jerk on
+the Fillets by some body behind him with a Rod.</p>
+
+<p>The laborious Motion of <i>going sideways</i>, being fitter for the
+War-Horse, than the Horse for Pleasure, usefull for the avoiding a Blow
+may come from an Enemy, I&nbsp;omit here, refering you to that.</p>
+
+<p>Thus much for those material Lessons which the Rider ought to teach
+his Horse for <i>War</i> or <i>Pleasure</i>, and therefore I shall
+conclude this Head, with this <i>Caveat</i>, <i>That in whatever Lesson
+your Horse is most imperfect, begin and end with</i>; and remember, that
+<i>Exercise</i> makes things as it were natural; when <i>Desuetude</i>
+is the forerunner of Forgetfulness, and <i>Ignorance</i> the Consequent
+of Both.</p>
+
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">54</span>
+<p class = "illustration">
+<a name = "cockfighting" id = "cockfighting" href = "#titlepage">OF<br>
+&nbsp;<br>
+<img src = "images/hd_cockfighting.png" width = "277" height = "50"
+alt = "Cock-fighting"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class = "firstletter">I</span> shall not enlarge on the praises
+of this Recreation, its <i>Nobleness</i>, <i>Delight</i>, and
+<i>Simplicity</i>, devoyd of Cheat or Deceit, but what is most material
+to our purpose succinctly declare. And herein let us first observe the
+<i>Choice</i> of a <i>Cock</i> of the Game, directed by these four
+Characters following: That he be</p>
+
+<p>1. Of a strong <i>Shape</i>, proud and upright, and for this the
+<i>Middle-sized</i>, neither too small or too large, is best, because
+most matchable, strong and nimble. His <i>Head</i> small like a
+<i>Spar-Hawks</i>; his <i>Eye</i> large and quick; <i>Back</i> strong,
+crook’t at the setting on, and coloured as the Plume of his Feathers;
+The <i>Beam of his Leg</i> very strong, and colour’d as his Plume;
+<i>Spurs</i> long, rough, and sharp, hooking inward.</p>
+
+<p>2. Of a good <i>Colour</i>, and herein the Gray, Yellow, or Red Pyle,
+with a black Breast, are to be preferred; the
+<span class = "pagenum">55</span>
+<span class = "folionum">D4</span>
+Pyde rarely good, and the White and Dun never. A&nbsp;Scarlet Head is a
+demonstration of Courage, but a Pale and wan of Faintness.</p>
+
+<p>3. Of <i>Courage</i> true, which you shall observe by his proud,
+stately, upright Standing and Walking, and his frequent Crowing in his
+Pen.</p>
+
+<p>4. Of a <i>Sharp and ready Heel</i>, which is (in the Opinion of the
+best <i>Cock-Masters</i>,) of high Estimation; a&nbsp;<i>Sharp-heel’d
+Cock, tho somewhat false, is better</i> (as dispatching his business
+soonest) <i>than a true Cock with a dull Heel</i>. Enfine choose your
+<i>Cock</i> endued with all these Qualifications together above
+mentioned.</p>
+
+<p>For <i>Breeding</i> good Cocks for the Game, or Battel, the best
+season is from the Moon’s Encrease in <i>February</i>, to her Encrease
+in <i>March</i>. The <i>March</i> Bird is best. And now first get a
+<i>perfect Cock, to a perfect Hen</i>, as the best Breeding, and see the
+Hen be of an excellent Complexion (<i>i.&nbsp;e.</i>) rightly plumed, as
+black, brown, speckt, grey, grissel, or yellowish; tufted on her Crowne,
+large bodied, well poked, and having Weapons, are Demonstrations of
+Excellency and Courage. Observe
+<span class = "pagenum">56</span>
+further her Comportment, if friendly to her Chickens, and revengeful of
+Injuries from other Hens. <i>Fortes creantur a Fortibus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Having placed her <i>Nest</i>, private from other Fowles disturbance,
+and warme, observe your Hen in sitting, if she be busie in turning her
+Eggs; if remiss, to help her. Set by her Sand, Gravel, Water and
+necessary food, to prevent her Straggling.</p>
+
+<p>After one and twenty dayes observe her <i>Hatching</i>, to take the
+newly hatcht Chickens, and wrap them in Wool and keep them warm by the
+fire till all be disclosed; then put them all under her, and let her
+keep them warm, and let none of them straggle abroad till they are three
+Weeks, or a Month old; and then let them run in some Grass-plat, or
+green Court, to pick Wormes, Grass and Chick-weed, to feed and scour
+themselves; but let them not ramble near Puddles, or filthy Channels;
+and to prevent any malady, a&nbsp;few Leek-blades minc’d small amongst
+their Meat is good.</p>
+
+<p>When they are grown so, as that their Sexes may be distinguish’t,
+assoon as the <i>Comb</i> or <i>Wattles</i> but appear, cut them away,
+and anoint the Sore with sweet
+<span class = "pagenum">57</span>
+<span class = "folionum">D5</span>
+<i>Butter</i>, till whole. This early cutting them, is highly necessary
+to prevent Flux of Blood, (which is dangerous in doing it later) and
+Gouty thick Heads.</p>
+
+<p>When the <i>Cock</i>, and <i>Hen-Chickens</i>, (going till now
+promiscuously one with another) begin to quarrel and peck each other,
+part them and separate their <i>Walks</i>: And the best for a
+<i>Fighting-Cock</i>, are private and undisturbed <i>Walks</i>, as,
+<i>Wind-mills</i>, <i>Water-mills</i>, <i>Grange-houses</i>,
+<i>Park-lodges</i>, &amp;c. and their <i>Feeding-place</i> on soft
+Ground, or Boards; and have for his Meat, <i>White Corn</i>, or
+<i>White-bread Tosts</i>, steept in <i>Drink</i>, or <i>Urine</i>, is
+good, both to Scowre, and Cool them. And do not debilitate and debauch
+his Courage and Strength, by having too many <i>Hens</i> to walk with;
+Three <i>Hens</i> are enough for one <i>Cock</i>.</p>
+
+<p>If before they be Six Months Old any of your <i>Chickens</i>
+<i>Crow</i> clear and loud, and unseasonable, then to the <i>Pot</i> or
+<i>Spit</i> with them, they are <i>Cowards</i>; the true <i>Cock</i> is
+long ere he gets his Voice, and when he has gotten it, keeps good and
+judicious <i>Time</i> in Crowing.</p>
+
+<p>Next observe your <i>Roosting-Perch</i>, for this makes or marrs a
+<i>Cock</i>; for forming
+<span class = "pagenum">58</span>
+of which, consult the best <i>Cock-Masters</i> Feeding-Pens, and the
+Perches there, and accordingly proportion your own, therefore I shall
+not propose any form here; Only pray take care that the ground
+underneath the Perch be soft, for if the ground be rough and hard, in
+leaping down he will hurt his <i>Feet</i>, and make them Gouty and
+Knotty.</p>
+
+<p>For the <i>Dieting</i>, and <i>Ordering</i> of your <i>Cock</i> for
+<i>Battle</i>, observe these Rules. Let your <i>Cock</i> be full two
+years Old, then in the latter end of <i>August</i>, take up and
+<i>Pen</i> him, (it being now <i>Cocking-time</i> till the end of
+<i>May</i>) and see that he be sound, hard-feather’d, and full summed.
+As to the moving <i>Perch</i>, and <i>Pen</i>, take my foregoing
+Advice.</p>
+
+<p>The first four dayes after <i>Penning</i>; Feed him with the Crumb of
+Old <i>Manchet</i> cut into square bits, thrice a day, and with the
+Coldest, and Sweetest Spring-water that can be had. And after you think
+by this time he is throughly purged of his <i>Corne</i>, <i>Wormes</i>,
+<i>Gravel</i>, and other course Feeding, take him in the Morning out of
+the <i>Pen</i>, and let him <i>Sparr</i> with another <i>Cock</i> some
+time to heat and chafe their Bodies, break
+<span class = "pagenum">59</span>
+Fat and Glut, and fit them for Purgation; first having covered their
+Spurs with Hots of Leather, to hinder their Wounding and drawing Blood
+of one another.</p>
+
+<p>After they have sufficiently <i>Sparred</i>, that they pant again,
+take them up, and remove their Hots, and prepare them for a Diaphoretick
+or Sweating Bout thus: Take <i>Butter</i>, and <i>Rosemary</i> finely
+chopt, and <i>White-Sugar-candy</i>, mixt together; and give them the
+quantity of a <i>Wallnut</i>; which will scower, strengthen, and prolong
+Breath: Then having (purposely) deep <i>Straw Baskets</i>, fill them
+half way with <i>Straw</i>, put in your <i>Cock</i>, and cover him with
+<i>Straw</i> to the top; lay the lid close, and let him stove till the
+Evening. At Five a Clock take him out, and lick his Head and Eyes with
+your Tongue, then Pen him, and fill his <i>Trough</i> with
+<i>Manchet</i> (as above) and hot <i>Urine</i>.</p>
+
+<p>After this, let his <i>Diet</i> be of <i>Bread</i> thus made: Take a
+<i>Gallon</i> of <i>Wheat</i>, and <i>Oat-meal-flower</i>, and with
+<i>Ale</i>, half a score <i>Whites</i> of <i>Eggs</i>, and
+<i>Butter</i>, work it into a stiff <i>Paste</i>; bake it into broad
+<i>Cakes</i>, and when four dayes Old, cut it into square Bits, as
+abovesaid.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">60</span>
+<p>The second day after <i>Sparring</i>, bring your <i>Cock</i> into a
+<i>Green Close</i>, and shew him in your Arms a <i>Dung-hill-Cock</i>,
+then run from him, and allure him thus to follow, suffering him now and
+then to strike the <i>Dunghill-Cock</i>, and so Chase him up and down
+for half an Hour, till he pants again; and thus heated, carry him home,
+and scower him with half a Pound of <i>Fresh-Butter</i>, beaten with the
+<i>Leaves</i> of the <i>Herb</i> of <i>Grace</i>, <i>Hysop</i>, and
+<i>Rosemary</i>, to the consistence of a <i>Salve</i>, and give him the
+quantity of a <i>VVallnut</i>, then <i>Stove</i>, and <i>Feed</i> him as
+above. And thus for the first <i>Fortnight</i>, <i>Spar</i> or
+<i>Chase</i> him every other day.</p>
+
+<p>The second <i>Fortnight</i>, twice a Week will be enough to
+<i>Chase</i> or <i>Spar</i> your <i>Cock</i>: Observing, that you
+<i>Stove</i> and <i>Scower</i> him, proportionable to his Heating.</p>
+
+<p>The Third and Last <i>Fortnight</i> (for Six Weeks is long enough)
+<i>Feed</i> him as before, but do not <i>Spar</i> him, but Chase him
+moderately twice, or thrice, as before; then roll his aforesaid scowring
+in <i>Brown-Sugar-candy</i>, to prevent his being Sick; rest him four
+dayes, and then to the Pit.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">61</span>
+<p>Now, Gentlemen, <i>Match</i> your Cock Carefully, or what you have
+hitherto done, is nothing. And here Observe the <i>Length</i>, and
+<i>Strength</i> of Cocks. The <i>Length</i> is thus known: Gripe the
+Cock by the Waste, and make him shoot out his Legs, and in this Posture
+compare, <i>And have your Judgment about you.</i> The <i>Strength</i> is
+known by this Maxime, <i>The largest in the Garth, is the strongest
+Cock.</i> The Dimension of the <i>Garth</i>, is thus known: Gripe the
+Cock about from the joynts of your Thumb, to the points of your Great
+<i>Finger</i>, and you will find the Disadvantage. <i>The weak long
+<em>Cock</em> is the quickest easier Riser, and the short strong one,
+the surest Striker.</i></p>
+
+<p>Thus being well Matcht, accoutre him for the Pit. Clip his
+<i>Main</i> off close to his Neck, from his head to his shoulders. Clip
+his <i>Tail</i> close to his <i>Rump</i>, the Redder it appears the
+better. His <i>Wings</i> sloping, with sharp Points [ware Eye
+Adversary:] Scrape smooth, and sharpen his <i>Spurs</i>; leave no
+feathers on his Crown; then moisten his head with Spittle; and now
+favour us Fortune.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+The Battle done search, and suck your Cocks wounds, and wash them well
+with
+<span class = "pagenum">62</span>
+hot <i>Urine</i>, then give him a Roll of your best Scowring, and stove
+him for that Night. If he be swelled, the next morning, suck and bathe
+his Wounds again, and pounce them with the Powder of the Herb
+<i>Robert</i>, thro a fine Bag; give him an handfull of Bread in warm
+Urine, and stove him, till the swelling be down. If he be hurt in his
+Eye, chew a little ground <i>Ivy</i>, and Spit the Juice in it; which is
+good for <i>Films</i>, <i>Haws</i>, <i>Warts</i>, &amp;c. Or if he hath
+<i>veined</i> himself in his fight, by narrow striking, or other cross
+blows, when you have found the hurt, bind the soft Down of Hare to it,
+will cure&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p>When you visit your wounded <i>Cocks</i>, a month or two after you
+have put them to their Walks, if you find about their heads any swollen
+Bunches, hard and blackish at one end, then there are unsound Cores
+undoubtedly in them; therefore open them, and with your Thumb crush them
+out, suck out the Corruption, and fill the holes with fresh Butter; and
+that will infallibly cure them.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">63</span>
+<h5 class = "ital">Cures for Distempers incident to the Cock or Chick of
+the Game.</h5>
+
+<p>For <i>Lice</i>, being most common, I begin with; proceeding from
+corrupt Meat, and want of Bathing, <i>&amp;c.</i> Take <i>Pepper</i>
+beaten to Powder, mix it with warm Water, and wash them
+with&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p>For the <i>Roup</i>; a filthy swelling on the Rump, and very
+contagious to the whole body, the staring and turning back of the
+Feathers is it Symptome. Pull away the Feathers, open and thrust out the
+Core, and wash the Sore with Water and Salt, or Brine.</p>
+
+<p>For the <i>Pip</i>; visit the mouth, and examine what hinders your
+<i>Cocks</i>, <i>Hen</i>, or <i>Chicks</i> feeding, and you’ll find a
+white thin Scale on the Tip of the Tongue, which pull off with your
+Naile, and rubbing the Tongue with Salt, will cure&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p>For the <i>Flux</i>; proceeding from eating too moist Meat, give them
+Pease-Bran scalded, will stop&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p>For the <i>Stoppage of the Belly</i>, that they cannot mute; Anoint
+their Vents, and give them either small bits of
+<span class = "pagenum">64</span>
+Bread or Corn, steep’d in Urine of Man.</p>
+
+<p>For the <i>Eyes</i>, I have spoken before, and refer you to that; and
+for other Infirmities, let Practise be your Directory.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+And now I have one Word of Advice to him that is a Lover (or would be
+so) of this <i>Royal-Sport</i>; and then have done: <i>Come not to the
+Pitt without Money in your Breeches, and a Judgment of Matches</i>;
+<b>Done</b> and <b>Done</b> is <i>Cock-Pitt</i> <b>Law</b>, and if you
+venture beyond your Pocket, you must look well to it, or you may loose
+an Eye by the Battle.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+Thus much for <i>Cock-Fighting</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">65</span>
+<p class = "illustration">
+<a name = "fowling" id = "fowling" href = "#titlepage">
+<img src = "images/hd_fowling.png" width = "280" height = "49"
+alt = "Of Fowling"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class = "firstletter">T</span>his is a Recreation so full of
+<i>Variety</i>; that it would take up a great many <i>Words</i> and
+<i>Time</i> to discover it; but varying indeed from this Design,
+I&nbsp;shall not dilate on its several parts, but as succinctly as may
+be, give you some methodical <i>Instructions</i>, as may make a man
+capable of the <i>Active</i> as well as <i>Passive</i> part of this
+Pleasure, and without the one he cannot have the other.</p>
+
+<p>Now then the <i>Ingenious Fowler</i>, like a Politick and sagacious
+Warrior, must first furnish and store himself with those several
+Stratagems and Engines, as suit with the diversities of <i>Occasion</i>
+(<i>i.&nbsp;e. Time</i>,) <i>Place</i>, and <i>Game</i>; or else he
+cannot expect the <i>Conquest</i>.</p>
+
+<p>And first of <i>Nets</i>, which must be made of the best pack-thread,
+and for taking <i>Great Fowl</i>, the Meshes must be large, two Inches
+at least from point to point, the larger the better; (provided the Fowle
+creep not through;) two Fathom <i>deep</i>, and six in <i>Length</i>, is
+the
+<span class = "pagenum">66</span>
+best and most manageable Proportion; Verged with strong Cord on each
+side, and extended with long Poles at each end made on purpose. But for
+small <i>Water-Fowle</i>; Let your Nets be of the smallest and strongest
+Pack-thread, the Meshes so big, as for the great Fowle, about two or
+three foot deep: Line these on both sides with false Nets, every Mesh a
+foot and half Square. For the <i>Day-Net</i>, it must be made of fine
+Pack-thread, the Mesh an inch square, three Fathom long, and one broad,
+and extended on Poles according to its Length, as aforesaid.</p>
+
+<p><i>Birdlime</i> is the next, and thus made. Pill the <i>Bark of
+Holly</i> from the Tree at <i>Midsummer</i>, fill a Vessel, and put to
+it running Water; boile it over the fire till the <i>Grey</i> and
+<i>White Bark</i> rise from the <i>Green</i>; take it off the fire,
+draine the Water well away, and seperate the Barks; and take the Green,
+lay it on some moist floor and close place, and cover it with
+<i>Hemblocks</i>, <i>Docks</i>, <i>Thistles</i>, and all manner of
+Weeds; let it lye a fortnight, and in that time it will rot, and turn to
+a filthy slimy Substance: Then put it into a Morter, beat it till you
+perceive not what it
+<span class = "pagenum">67</span>
+was; take it out and wash it soundly at some running stream, till the
+Foulness is gone: Then put it in a close Earthen pot; let it stand four
+or five dayes, look to its Purging, and scum it: When clean, put it into
+another Earthen Pot, and keep it close for Use.</p>
+
+<p>Your <i>Setting-Dog</i> comes next, and sayes you must <i>Elect</i>
+and <i>Train</i> him thus: He must be of exquisite Scent, and love
+naturally to hunt Feathers. The <i>Land-Spaniel</i> is best, being of
+good nimble size, and couragious mettle, which you may know by his
+Breed; being of a good Ranger, <i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+
+<p>Having chosen your Dog, begin to <i>instruct</i> him at half a Year
+old. First make him familiar and acquainted well with your self above
+others, by feeding him your self, alwayes going abroad with you, and
+correcting him with <i>Words</i> not Blows. So that he will follow none
+but you, distinguish your Frowns from smiles, rough from smooth
+Words.</p>
+
+<p>The first Lesson is, to make him <i>Crouch and lie down</i> close to
+the ground; and this is done by frequent laying him on the ground and
+crying <i>Lye close</i>; upon his doing well reward him with Bread;
+<span class = "pagenum">68</span>
+and on the contrary chastise him with Words, not Blows.</p>
+
+<p>Next, To <i>creep to you with his Body and Head close upon the
+ground</i>, by saying, <i>Come nearer, Come nearer</i>, or the like
+Words; to understand and do it, entice him with shewing him Bread, or
+the like: Thrusting down any rising part of his Body or head, and
+roughly threatning him; if he slight that, a&nbsp;good Jerk or two with
+a slash of Whip-cord will reclaim his Obstinacy. Repeat his Lessons, and
+incourage his well doing. And this you may exercise in the Fields as you
+walk, calling him from his busie Ranging to his <i>Duty</i>. And then
+teach him to follow you close at the heels in a Line or string, without
+straining.</p>
+
+<p>By this time he is a year old, now (the season fit) into the Field,
+and let him <i>range</i>, [obediently.] If he wantonly babble or
+causelesly open, correct him by biting soundly the Roots of his
+Ears,<!--eek! --> or Lashing. Assoon as you find he approaches the Haunt
+of the <i>Partridge</i>, known by his Whining, and willing, but not
+daring, to open, speak and bid him, <i>Take heed</i>: If notwithstanding
+this he rush in and <i>Spring</i> the <i>Partridge</i>,
+<span class = "pagenum">69</span>
+or opens, and so they escape, correct him severely. Then cast him off to
+another Haunt of a <i>Covie</i>, and if he mends his Error, and you take
+any by drawing your Net over them swiftly, reward them with the Heads,
+Necks, and Pinions.</p>
+
+<p>As for the <i>Water-Dog</i>, the Instructions above for the
+<i>Setter</i> will serve; only to fetch and bring by loosing a Glove, or
+the like, is every mans common Observation, and therefore shall here for
+Brevities sake omit; only keep a strict Subjection in him, and
+Observance to your Commands.</p>
+
+<p>I shall say something too of the <i>Fowling-Piece</i> and
+<i>Stalking-Horse</i>, and then to your sports. The longest <i>Barrel is
+the best Fowling-Peice</i>, five and half, or six foot long, with an
+indifferent Bore, under an <i>Harquebuse</i>; and shooting with the
+Wind, and side-wayes, or behind the Fowl, not in their faces, is to be
+observed; having your Dog in Command not to stir till you have shot.</p>
+
+<p>A <i>Stalking-Horse</i> for shelter, to avoid being seen by the shie
+Fowle, is an old Jade trained on purpose; but this being rare and
+troublesome, have recourse to Art, to take Canvas,
+<span class = "pagenum">70</span>
+stuft and painted in the shape of a Horse grazing, and so light that you
+may carry him on one hand (not too bigg:) Others do make them in the
+shape of <i>Ox</i>, <i>Cow</i>, for Variety; and <i>Stag</i>,
+<i>Trees</i>, <i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+
+<p>Thus being provided with necessary Engines for prosecuting and
+effecting so cunning and pleasant a work, <i>Let’s abroad</i>; and let
+not the <i>Ale-House</i>, <i>Tavern</i>, or <i>Brothel-Houses</i>,
+debauch and benumn our Spirits, but let us with the Fowler exhilerate
+our Minds, refresh our Bodies, &amp; for a little Pains reap a great
+deal of Pleasure &amp; Satisfaction, whet our Appetites, and get Meat
+too for them.</p>
+
+<p>Now then according to my proposed Method, let us first examine
+<i>Where</i> to find our Game? that is, The <i>Haunts of Fowle</i>,
+whether <i>Land</i> or <i>Water</i> Fowle; by which two Characters I
+distinguish them, because of their Variety and Multiplicity.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>greater Fowle</i>, or those who <i>divide the Foot</i>, reside
+by shallow Rivers sides, Brooks and Plashes of Water; and in low and
+boggy places, and sedgie, Marish, rotten Grounds. They also delight in
+the dry parts of drowned Fens, overgrown with long Reeds, Rushes and
+Sedges; as likewise in half-drowned
+<span class = "pagenum">71</span>
+Moors, hollow Vales of Downs, Heaths, <i>&amp;c.</i> Where obscurely
+they may lurk under the Shelter of Hedges, Hills, Bushes,
+<i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+
+<p>The <i>Lesser</i>, or Web-footed, <i>Fowle</i>, allwayes haunt
+drowned Fens, as likewise the main streams of Rivers not subject to
+Freeze, the deeper and broader, the better; (tho of these the
+<i>Wild-Goose</i> and <i>Barnacle</i>, if they cannot sound the depth,
+and reach the Ouze, change their Residence for shallow places, and
+delight in Green-Winter-Corn, especially if the Lands ends have Water
+about them:) <i>Small Fowle</i> also frequent hugely little Brooks,
+Ponds, drowned Meadows, Pastures, Moors, Plashes, Meres, Loughs, and
+Lakes, stored with unfrequented Islands, Shrubs, <i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">How to take all manner of Fowl or Birds.</h5>
+
+<p>For taking the first (I mean the greater <i>Fowle</i>) with
+<i>Nets</i>, observe in general this: Come two hours before their
+feeding hours, Morning and Evening; and spreading your Net on the Ground
+smooth and flat, stake the two lower ends firm, and let the upper ends
+be
+<span class = "pagenum">72</span>
+extended on the long Cord; of which the further end must be fastned to
+the ground, three Fathom from the Net, the stake in a direct Line with
+the lower Verge of the Net; the other, ten or twelve fathoms long, have
+in your hand at the aforesaid distance, and get some shelter of Art or
+Nature, to keep you from the curious and shie Eye of your Game; having
+your Net so ready that the least pull may do your work, Strew’d over
+with Grass as it lies to hide it: A&nbsp;live <i>Herne</i>, or some
+other Fowle lately taken, according to what you seek for, will be very
+requisite for a <i>Stale</i>. And you will have sport from the Dawning,
+till the Sun is about an hour high; but no longer; and from Sun-set till
+Twilight; these being their feeding times.</p>
+
+<p>For the <i>small</i> (Water) <i>Fowle</i>. Observe the Evening is
+best before Sun-set. Stake down your Nets on each side the River half a
+foot within the Water, the lower part so plumb’d as to sink no further;
+the upper slantwise shoaling against, but not touching by two foot, the
+Water, and the Strings which bear up this upper side fastned to small
+yeilding sticks prickt in the Bank,
+<span class = "pagenum">73</span>
+<span class = "folionum">E</span>
+that as the Fowle strike may ply to the Nets to entangle them. And thus
+lay your Nets (as many as you please) about twelve score one from
+another, as the River or Brook will afford. And doubt not your success.
+To expedite it however, a&nbsp;<i>Gun</i> fired three or four times in
+the <i>Fens</i> and <i>Plashes</i>, a&nbsp;good distance from your Nets,
+will affright and post them to your Snares; and so do at the
+<i>Rivers</i>, when you lay in the <i>Fens</i>. Thus much in general for
+<i>Nets</i>, I&nbsp;come next to <i>Bird-Lime</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winter time</i> is the most proper for taking all manner of
+<i>Small Birds</i>, as flocking then promiscuously together,
+<i>Larks</i>, <i>Lennets</i>, <i>Chaffinches</i>, <i>Goldfinches</i>,
+<i>Yellow-Hammers</i>, &amp;c<ins class = "correction" title =
+". invisible">. </ins>with this <i>Bird-lime</i>, made as afore-spoken;
+only additionally thus ordered. Put to a quarter of a pound of
+<i>Bird-lime</i>, an Ounce of fresh <i>Lard</i>, or
+<i>Capons-grease</i>, and let it gently melt together over the Fire, but
+not Boyl; then take a quantity of <i>Wheat-ears</i>, as you think your
+use shall require, and cut the straw about a foot long besides the Ears,
+and from the Ear <i>Lime</i> the straw Six inches; the warmer it is, the
+less discernable it will be: Then to the <i>Field</i> adjacent,
+<span class = "pagenum">74</span>
+carrying a bag of Chaff, <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘aud’">and</ins>
+thresh’d Ears, scatter them twenty Yards wide, and
+stick the <i>lim’d Ears</i> (declining downwards) here, and there; Then
+traverse the <i>Fields</i>, disturb their <i>Haunts</i>, they will
+repair to your Snare, and pecking at the Ears, finding they stick to
+them, mount; and the <ins class = "correction" title =
+"‘d’ invisible"><i>Lim’d</i></ins> straws, lapping under their Wings, dead
+their flight, they cannot be disengaged, but fall and be taken they
+must. Do not go near them, till they rise of their own accord, and let
+not five or six entangled lead you to spoyl your Game, and incur the
+loss of five or six dozen. <i>Barn-doors</i>, <i>Thatcht-Houses</i>, and
+such like places, are excellent too for the use of these
+<i>Lime-straws</i>. <i>A Clap- Net</i>, and <i>Lanthorn</i>, in a dark
+night rub’d at the Eaves of Houses, is a common practice.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lime-Twigs</i>, is another Expedient for taking of Great
+<i>Fowle</i>, being Rods that are long, small, straight, and pliable,
+the upper part (apt to play to and fro) being besmeared with
+<i>Bird-lime</i> warm. Thus to be used, Observe the Haunt<span class =
+"missing">s</span> of the <i>Fowle</i>, have a <i>Stale</i>,
+(a&nbsp;livin<span class = "missing">g </span> Fowle of the same kind
+you would take<span class = "missing">)</span> and cross pricking your
+Rods, one into,
+<span class = "pagenum">75</span>
+<span class = "folionum">E2</span>
+and another against the Wind sloping, a&nbsp;foot distant one from the
+other, pin down your <ins class = "correction" title =
+"‘e’ invisible"><i>Stale</i></ins>, some distance from them, tying some small
+string to him, to pull and make him flutter to allure the <i>Fowle</i>
+down. If any be caught, do not run presently upon them, their fluttering
+will encrease your Game. A&nbsp;well taught <i>Spaniel</i> is not amiss
+to retake those that are entangled, and yet flutter away. Thus likewise
+for the <i>Water</i>, consult the Rivers depth, and let your Rods be
+proportionable; what is <i>Limed</i> of them being above the Water, and
+a <i>Mallard</i>, &amp;c. as a <i>Stale</i> placed here and there, as
+aforesaid. You need not wait on them, but three times a day visit them,
+and see your <i>Game</i>; if you miss any Rods (therefore know their
+Number) some Fowle entangled is got away with it, into some Hole,
+<i>&amp;c</i>. and here your <i>Spaniel</i> will be serviceable to find
+him.</p>
+
+<p>For <i>Small-Birds</i>, a <i>Lime-bush</i> is best; thus, Cut down a
+great Bough of a <i>Birch</i>, or <i>Willow-Tree</i>, trim it clean, and
+<i>Lime</i> it handsomely, within four fingers of the bottom: Place this
+<i>Bush</i> so ordered, in some quick-set, or dead
+<span class = "pagenum">76</span>
+<i>Hedge</i>, in <i>Spring</i> time: In <i>Harvest</i>, or
+<i>Summer</i>, in <i>Groves</i>, <i>Bushes</i>, <i>Hedges</i>,
+<i>Fruit-Trees</i>, <i>Flax</i>, and <i>Hemp-Lands</i>: In
+<i>Winter</i>, about <i>Houses</i>, <i>Hovells</i>, <i>Barns</i>,
+<i>Stacks</i>, &amp;c. A&nbsp;<i>Bird-Call</i> is here also necessary,
+or your own industrious skill in the Notes of several Birds.
+<i>Lime-twigs</i> are likewise used, stuck on <i>Hemp-cocks</i>, which
+take vast Numbers of <i>Lennets</i>, and <i>Green-Birds</i>, that love
+that <i>Diet</i>. An <i>Owle</i> placed near your <i>Lime-twigs</i>, is
+likewise an Excellent <i>Stale</i>, for being persecuted by all other
+<i>Birds</i>, they flock about him, and dye with Hatred; I&nbsp;mean,
+being taken by you, in their eager, and malicious Persecution of poor
+<i>Tom</i>. Some have Natural, others Artificial <i>Owles</i>, and with
+either fear not Success. And thus you may do, in any particular
+<i>Game</i>, with your <i>Twigs</i>, and <i>Stale</i> of the same kind,
+as, <i>Snipes</i>, <i>Felfares</i>, <i>Pigeons</i>, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>And here I must not forget the <i>Farmers</i> Advantage, to destroy
+his <i>Corn</i>-destroyers, <i>Rooks</i>, but give him this Advice: Take
+some thick <i>Brown-paper</i>, divide a sheet into Eight parts, and make
+them into the fashion of <i>Sugar-Loaves</i>; <i>Lime</i> them a little
+in the inside, and put some <i>Corn</i> in them (if in
+<span class = "pagenum">77</span>
+<span class = "folionum">E3</span>
+<i>Ploughing</i> time, <i>Wormes</i>, and <i>Maggots</i>) lay
+<i>Three</i> or <i>Four Score</i> up and down the Land, under (if you
+can) some Clod, early, before feeding time: Be at some distance, and
+behold the ensuing Sport. Your <i>Pigeons</i>, <i>Rooks</i>,
+<i>Crows</i>, &amp;c. comeing to pick out the <i>Corn</i> or
+<i>Worms</i>, the <i>Pyramidal-snare</i> hangs on their heads, they fly
+straight upright, almost out of sight, and as if some <i>Gun</i> in the
+Ayr had met with them, down they come tumbling (being spent) and become
+your Prey.</p>
+
+<p>Thus much in general of taking all manner of <i>Fowle</i>, by
+<i>Net</i>, or <i>Lime</i>, I&nbsp;come next to know their best Seasons,
+when to use them, and the first (the <i>Net</i>) is from the beginning
+of <i>May</i>, to the latter end of <i>October</i>; and the last (the
+<i>Lime</i>) in the <i>Winter</i> only, beginning from <i>November</i>,
+and ending at <i>May</i>, in which times, there being no Leaves, your
+<i>Lime-Bushes</i>, and <i>Branches</i> of <i>Trees</i> are of one and
+the same Hue.</p>
+
+<p>And because Gentlemen who have <i>Fish-ponds</i>, wonder they loose
+so many <i>Fish</i>, and are apt to Censure sometimes undeservedly their
+Neighbours, when it is the insatiable <i>Hern</i>, that is the true
+cause: I&nbsp;shall next lay down the best and
+<span class = "pagenum">78</span>
+most approved way of taking the great <i>Fish-devouring Herne</i>, whose
+<i>Haunt</i> having found, observe this Method to take him. Get three or
+four small <i>Roaches</i>, or <i>Dace</i>, take a strong <i>Hook</i>,
+(not too rank) with Wyre to it, and draw the Wyre just within the skin,
+from the side of the <i>Gills</i>, to the <i>Taile</i> of the said
+<i>Fish</i>, and he will live four or five dayes, (if dead, the
+<i>Herne</i> will not touch it.) Then having a strong Line, of a
+dark-<i>Green-Silk</i>, twisted with Wyre, about three yards long, tye a
+round stone of a pound to it, and lay three or four such hooks, but not
+too deep in the Water, out of the <i>Herne’s</i> wading; and two or
+three Nights will answer your Expectation.</p>
+
+<p>And here I thought to conclude this Discourse of <i>Fowling</i>, but
+the young <i>Tyro</i> or <i>Beginner</i> in the Acquest of this Noble
+Art, pulls me back again, and whispers this Question in my Ear, How to
+take <i>Pheasants</i>, <i>Partridges</i>, &amp;c. in particular, by
+either of the forementioned wayes, as, <i>Nets</i>, <i>Lime</i>,
+<i>Engine</i>, <i>Driving</i>, or <i>Setting</i>; because of all
+<i>Fowl</i> for <i>Game</i>, these two are esteemed as the most Gentile,
+and Profitable? I&nbsp;shall answer his Curiosity, and for his
+Instruction,
+<span class = "pagenum">79</span>
+<span class = "folionum">E4</span>
+propose these ensuing Rules, though what I have said in general of Great
+<i>Fowl</i> might suffice.</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">The severall wayes of taking <em>Pheasants</em>.</h5>
+
+<p>For to take <i>Pheasants</i> with <i>Nets</i>, first find their
+<i>Haunts</i>, or <i>Coverts</i>, which are generally in thick, young,
+well-grown <i>Copses</i>, solitary and untraced by Men or Cattle, and
+not in Old High <i>Woods</i>; and never in open <i>Fields</i>. Which
+having assured knowledge of, the next thing is to find out the
+<i>Eye</i>, or <i>Brood</i> of <i>Pheasants</i>, wich according to the
+best Experience is thus. You must learn and understand the several Notes
+of a Natural <i>Pheasant-Call</i>, and how usefully to apply them. In
+the Morning just before, or at <i>Sun-rising</i>, call them to feed, and
+so at <i>Sun-setting</i>: In the <i>Forenoon</i>, and <i>Afternoon</i>,
+your Note must be to Cluck them together to <i>Brood</i>, or to chide
+them for straggling, or to notify some danger at hand.</p>
+
+<p>Thus skilled in their <i>Notes</i>, and by the Darkness,
+Solitaryness, and strong undergrowth of the place assured of their
+<i>Haunts</i>, closely lodge your self, and softly at first call; lest
+being near
+<span class = "pagenum">80</span>
+you, a&nbsp;loud <i>Note</i> affright them; and no Reply made, raise
+your <i>Note</i> gradually, to the highest; and if there be a
+<i>Pheasant</i> in hearing, he will answer you, in as loud a
+<i>Note</i>. Be sure it be Tunable. As soon as you are answered, creep
+nearer to it; if far off, and a single <i>Fowl</i>, as you call, and
+approach, so will the <i>Pheasant</i>. Having gotten sight of her, on
+the <i>Ground</i>, or <i>Perch</i>, cease calling, and with all silence
+possible, spread your <i>Net</i> conveniently, between the
+<i>Pheasant</i>, and you, one end of the <i>Net</i> fastned to the
+<i>Ground</i>, and the other end, hold by a long Line in your hand, by
+which you may pull it together, if strained; then call again, and as you
+see the <i>Pheasant</i> come under your <i>Net</i>, rise and shew your
+self, and affrighting her, she will mount, and so is taken. Thus if on
+the contrary you have divers <i>Answers</i>, from several <i>Corners</i>
+of the <i>Coppice</i>, and you keep your place and not stir, they will
+come to your Call, and then having a pair of <i>Nets</i>, spread one on
+each side, and do as before. Your <i>Nets</i> must be made of
+<i>Green</i> or <i>Black</i> double-twin’d <i>Thread</i>, the
+<i>Mesh</i> about an inch square, between <i>Knot</i>, and <i>Knot</i>,
+<span class = "pagenum">81</span>
+<span class = "folionum">E5</span>
+the whole <i>Net</i> about three <i>Fathom</i> long, and Seven
+<i>Foot</i> broad, verged with strong small Cord on each side and ends,
+to lye hollow and compass-wise.</p>
+
+<p>The next way of taking <i>Pheasant-Powts</i>, is by <i>Driving</i>
+thus. Having found the <i>Haunt</i> of an <i>Eye of Pheasants</i>, known
+by the <i>Barrenness</i> of the place, <i>Mutings</i> and loose
+Feathers, then in the little Pads and Wayes, like Sheep-tracks, they
+have made, place your Nets (taking the wind with you) a-cross these <ins
+class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘Paths ,ollow’">Paths,
+hollow</ins>, loose and circularly, the nether part fixt to the ground,
+and the upper side hollow, <i>&amp;c.</i> as aforesaid: Then to their
+<i>Haunt</i>, and there <i>call</i> them together, if scattered; then
+with a <i>Driver</i>, an Instrument like that of <i>Cloath-dressers</i>,
+rake gently the Bushes and Boughs about you, the <i>Powts</i> will run,
+and stop and listen; then give a nother rake, and so you will drive them
+like sheep into your Nets: Observe in this <i>Secrecy</i>, <i>Time</i>
+and <i>Leisure</i>, or you spoyl your sport; <i>Secrecy</i> in
+concealing your self from being seen by them; and <i>Time</i> and
+<i>Leisure</i>, by not being too hasty.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">82</span>
+<p>Lastly for taking <i>Pheasants</i> with the <i>Lime-Bush</i>, or
+Rods, order these, as I have before prescribed; your Rods <ins class =
+"correction" title = "text reads ‘a- / about’ at line break">about</ins>
+twelve Inches long, and your Bush containing not above eight Twigs, with
+a pretty long Handle, sharpned to stick in the Ground, or Bushes,
+Shrubs, <i>&amp;c.</i> and let it be planted as near the <i>Pheasants
+pearching Branch</i>, as may be. Place your Rods on the Ground, near the
+Bush; which will help the Bush; for when some are taken below by the
+Rods, they will scare up the others to get on the Bushes to seek what’s
+become of their Fellows, and there become your Prey themselves. Thus
+provided, keep close not to be discovered; out with your Call, and use
+it <i>Skilfully</i> and well, and you need not fear Game. Number the
+Rods you planted, and if any be missing, some <i>Pheasant</i> is crept
+away with it, and here let your Spaniel be employed to serve you in
+finding out the last sanctuary of the poor <i>Pheasant</i>, thus
+shunning his inevitable Captivity and Death.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">83</span>
+<h5 class = "ital">For taking Partridge.</h5>
+
+<p>As in all the foregoing Sports, the <i>Place</i> where to find them
+is our first Enquiry, so here (as you did of the <i>Pheasant</i>) you
+must first find the <i>Partridges Haunt</i>. Which is mostly in
+standing-Corn-Fields, where they breed; as likewise in Stubble after the
+Corn is cut, especially Wheat-stubble till it is trodden, and then they
+repair to Barley-Stubble, if fresh; and the Furrows amongst the Clots,
+Brambles and long Grass, are sometimes their lurking places, for Twenty
+and upward in a Covy. In the <i>Winter</i> in up-land Meadows, in the
+dead Grass or Fog under Hedges, among Mole-Hills; or under the Roots of
+Trees, <i>&amp;c.</i> Various and uncertain are their <i>Haunts</i>. And
+tho some by the <i>Eye</i>, by distinguishing their Colour from the
+ground, others by the <i>Ear</i>, by hearing the Cock call earnestly the
+Hen, and the Hens answering, and chattering with Joy at meeting, do find
+<i>Partridge</i>; yet the best, easiest and safest way of finding them
+is (as you do the <i>Pheasant</i>) by
+<span class = "pagenum">84</span>
+the Call or Pipe; applying your Notes seasonable, as before prescribed,
+and they will come near to you, and you may count their Numbers, and to
+your sport.</p>
+
+<p>Surround your Covy, prepare your Nets, and pricking a stick fast in
+the ground, tye the one end to it, and let your Nets fall as you walk
+briskly round without stopping, and cover the <i>Partridge</i>; then
+rush in upon them to frighten them, and as they rise they are taken.</p>
+
+<p>For taking them with <i>Bird-Lime</i>, thus. Call first near the
+<i>Haunt</i>; if answered, stick about your <i>Lime-Straws</i> (of which
+I have spoken before) a-cross in ranks two or three Lands, at some
+distance from you; then call again, and as they approach you, they are
+intercepted by the Straws; and to your Prey. This way is used most
+successfully in Stubble-Fields, from <i>August</i> to <i>September</i>:
+And Rods in Woods, Pastures, <i>&amp;c.</i> as for the
+<i>Pheasant</i>.</p>
+
+<p>But lastly, above all (to omit all others) the most pleasant way of
+taking Partridge is with a <i>Setting-Dog</i> (of which I have spoken
+before and refer you thither) who having set them, (known by
+<span class = "pagenum">85</span>
+the already mentioned signs) use your Net, as you have heard just now:
+And by these Rules and Method, the <i>Railes</i>, <i>Quailes</i>,
+<i>Moorpootes</i>, <i>&amp;c.</i> are to be taken; and are for
+<i>Hawks</i> flight too. And here I must make an end of the most
+material part of <i>Fowling</i>.</p>
+
+<p>For as for treating of all manner of <i>Singing Birds</i>, their
+<i>Taking</i>, which in general hath been before observed, their
+<i>Preserving</i> and <i>Keeping</i>, their <i>Natural Breeding</i> and
+<i>Feeding</i>, is a Work of such common Observation, and so differing
+from the Design of this Treatise of <i>Violent</i> and <i>Brisk
+Exercises</i>, that omitting it altogether here, shall refer you to the
+Venders of them, whom you may meet with in every Street, and furnish
+your self at easy rates; and are indeed but <i>Voces &amp; præterea
+Nihil</i>.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+Thus much for <i>Fowling</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">86</span>
+<p class = "illustration">
+<a name = "fishing" id = "fishing" href = "#titlepage">
+<img src = "images/hd_fishing.png" width = "257" height = "51"
+alt = "Of Fishing"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class = "firstletter">S</span>o <i>Ancient</i>, so
+<i>Innocent</i>, so <i>Vertuous</i>, and so <i>Useful</i> is this
+Recreation, that all the foregoing Divertisements, must needs give place
+to this, and however (inadvertently) it comes in here, challenges a
+Preference, and Acceptance before any Pleasure can by the heart of Man
+be desired. As for its <i>Antiquity</i> some attribute its Knowledge to
+<i>Belus</i> Son of <i>Nimrod</i>, who first invented all Vertuous
+Sports; others to <i>Seth</i> and his Sons, he having left it on brazen
+Pillars engraven with indelible Characters not to be obliterated by the
+ensuing Flood. <i>Job</i> makes mention of Fishing, who Lived as may be
+supposed before <i>Moses</i>; nor is it questionable, whether the
+illustrious Patriarchs used not this Recreation. Certain it is, there
+were many <i>Fishermen</i> before <i>Christs</i> Coming, whose sole
+Dependance was on this Innocent Art. <i>Innocent</i> indeed and
+harmless, when the Lamb of God himself <i>recommended</i> it (as I may
+say) as such, by his Divine
+<span class = "pagenum">87</span>
+Call of four <i>Fishermen</i>, to be his Disciples, and by
+distinguishing &amp; dignifying them with the greatest <i>Intimacy</i>
+with himself, and chiefest place in the <i>Apostolical Catalogue</i>;
+and by the Inspiration of his Spirit ennobled their Function; he made
+them Eminent <i>Fishers of men</i>. Nay, at the expence of a
+<i>Miracle</i>, he shewed the <i>Lawful Use</i> of Fishing, when the
+mouth of <i>Peter’s</i> Fish he commanded him to take, was the
+<i>Tribute-Money’s Purse</i>. And why our Saviour made his first
+Election of Fishermen, before others, this may be the undoubted Reason:
+Because he knew such men were naturally of more Contemplative and Serene
+Minds, of more Calme, Peaceable, and sweet Dispositions; And let me add
+too in the next place, because it is the School of Vertue (as I may call
+it) wherein the Primitive Christian Vertues are learnt and exercised.
+<i>Patience</i> is the immediate Vertue wherewith the <i>Angler</i> is
+endued, without which the Pleasure doth no longer exist; and attended
+with her three Sisters compleat his Delight. For <i>Justice</i> directs
+him to the due Place of Sport, where he may freely exercise his Art,
+without Injury or Incivility to his Neighbours: <i>Temperance</i>
+prescribes a
+<span class = "pagenum">88</span>
+<i>Measure</i> to the Action, and moderates and rules the Affections.
+And lastly <i>Fortitude</i> encourages and strengthens his mind, to
+support the Labour and undergo with Perseverance all Disappointments,
+excludes <i>Passion</i> (incident to other Recreations,) at the loss of
+a Hook, or (perhaps that he never had) a&nbsp;Fish. It makes him not
+fear Wind nor Weather, nor is his delight sowered at last with
+<i>Melancholy</i> and Vexation; but tho the Anglers Reward is but a
+little Fish, for a great deal of Pains, the Contentment and Satisfaction
+is above that. Finally the <i>Usefulness</i> of it is apparently great;
+for the cherishing the Body, and cheering the Mind, for diverting
+Sadness, and calming unquiet Thoughts, for moderating Passions and
+procuring Contentedness, and begetting Peace and Patience in those that
+profess and practise it. It has been the Recreation of Gods Saints, and
+Holy Fathers; and of many Worthy and Reverend Divines, this hath been
+and is now their beloved Pastime. And so I shall conclude this
+<i>Encomium</i> of Fishing; Volumes may be written in its praise (in
+which I am something wanting in the other foregoing Sports, this
+claiming it as its just due above the rest)
+<span class = "pagenum">89</span>
+but I long to tell you <i>How</i>, <i>When</i> and <i>Where</i>, you may
+taste its Delight.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+It hath been the Method of this whole Treatise, to divide the several
+distinct Heads of each Recreation into three Parts, to render the
+Observations and Rules the more plain and easy, for the prosecuting the
+Recreation we treat&nbsp;of.</p>
+
+<p>1. <i>What</i> it is we pursue.</p>
+
+<p>2. <i>Where</i> and <i>When</i> to find that we would delight our
+selves&nbsp;in.</p>
+
+<p>3. <i>With what</i> proper <i>Mediums</i> or Measures we may obtain
+the desired Effects of our endeavours therein. And in this delightful
+Scene of Pastime, we now treat of, Fishing, so full of Variety and
+Choice, I&nbsp;shall observe the same Method.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+First then, <i>What</i> we pursue is Fish, distinguished according to
+their sundry kinds by these following <i>Names</i>.</p>
+
+<p class = "hanging">
+The <i>Barbel</i>, <i>Breame</i>, <i>Bleak</i>, <i>Bulhead</i>, or
+Millers-Thumb; <i>Chevin</i>, <i>Char</i>, <i>Chub</i>, <i>Carp</i>;
+<i>Dace</i>, <i>Dare</i>; <i>Eel</i>; <i>Flounder</i>; <i>Grayling</i>,
+<i>Gudgeon</i>, <i>Guiniad</i>; <i>Loach</i>; <i>Minnow</i>; <i>Pope</i>
+or <i>Pike</i>, <i>Pearch</i>; <i>Rud</i>, <i>Roach</i>;
+<i>Sticklebag</i> or Bansticle, <i>Salmon</i>, <i>Shad</i>,
+<i>Suant</i>; <i>Tench</i>, <i>Torcoth</i>,
+<span class = "pagenum">90</span>
+<i>Trout</i>, <i>Thwait</i>, and <i>Umber</i>. All these Alphabetically
+thus named are the different sorts of Fish, in taking which the Angler
+commonly exercises his Art. We come next, <i>Where</i> to find them.
+</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+I. To know the <i>Haunts</i> and Resorts of Fish, in which they are to
+be usually found, is the most Material thing the Angler ought to be
+instructed in, lest he vainly prepare <i>how to take</i> them, and
+preposterously seek <i><ins class = "correction" title =
+"‘w’ invisible">where</ins> to find</i> that he prepared for. To prevent
+which you are first to understand, That as the Season of the Year is, so
+<i>Fish</i> change their places: In <i>Summer</i>, some keep near the
+Top, others the bottom of the Waters. In <i>Winter</i>, all <i>Fish</i>
+in general resort to deep Waters. But more particularly,</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Barbel</i>, <i>Roach</i>, <i>Dace</i>, and <i>Ruff</i>, covet
+most <i>Sandy, Gravelly Ground</i>, the deepest part of the
+<i>River</i>, and the Shadows of <i>Trees</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Breame</i>, <i>Pike</i>, and <i>Chub</i>, delight in a
+<i>Clay</i>, and <i>Ouzie Ground</i>: The <i>Bream</i> chooseth the
+middle of the <i>River</i>, in a gentle not too rapid Stream: The
+<i>Pike</i> prefereth still Waters, full of <i>Fry</i>, and absconding
+himself amongst <i>Bull-Rushes</i>,
+<span class = "pagenum">91</span>
+<i>Water-docks</i>, or under <i>Bushes</i>, that under these shelters he
+may more securely surprize and seize his Prey: The <i>Chub</i> too
+chooses the same Ground, large Rivers and Streams, and is rarely
+destitute of some Tree to cover and shade him.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carp</i>, <i>Tench</i> and <i>Eel</i>, frequent foul muddy still
+Waters. The <i><ins class = "correction" title =
+"‘g’ invisible">greatest </ins> Eels</i> lurk under Stones, or Roots; the
+<i>smallest</i> ones are found in all sorts of Rivers or Soyls: The
+<i>Carp</i> is for the deepest stillest part of Pond or River, and so is
+the <i>Tench</i>, and both delight in green Weeds.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pearch</i> delighteth in gentle Streams of a reasonable Depth, not
+too shallow; close by a Hollow Bank is their common Sanctuary.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gudgeon</i> covets Sandy, Gravelly, Gentle Streams, and smaller
+Rivers; not so much abounding in Brooks. He bites best in Spring, till
+they spawn, and a little after till <i>Wasp</i> time.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Salmon</i> delights in large swift Rivers, which ebb and flow;
+and are there plentifully to be found: As likewise Rocky and Weedy
+Rivers. But in the latter end of the Year he is to be found high up in
+the Country, in swift
+<span class = "pagenum">92</span>
+and violent Cataracts, coming thither to spawn.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Trout</i> loves small swift purling Brooks or Rivers, that run
+upon Stones or Gravel, and in the swiftest deepest part of them, getteth
+behind some Stone-Block and there feeds. He delights in a Point of a
+River where the Water comes Whirling like the Eddy, to catch what the
+Stream brings down, especially if he has the Shade of a Tree: He hugely
+delights to lurk under some hollow Bank or Stone; seldom among
+Weeds.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shad</i>, <i>Thwait</i>, <i>Plaice</i>, <i>Peel</i>,
+<i>Mullet</i>, <i>Suant</i> and <i>Flownder</i>, covet chiefly to be in
+or near the Salt or Brackish Waters, which ebb and flow: The last,
+<i>viz.</i> the <i>Flownder</i>, have been taken in fresh Rivers, as
+coveting Sand and Gravel, deep gentle streams, near Banks,
+<i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+
+<p>Lastly the <i>Umber</i> affects Marly Clay Ground, clear and swift
+Streams, far from the Sea; the greatest Plenty of these Fish is found in
+<i>Derbyshire</i> and <i>Staffordshire</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Thus much for the <i>Haunts</i> of Fish; I come next to know
+<i>When</i> is the most <i>seasonable time</i> to catch them; which
+before I speak to, let him that would become a
+<span class = "pagenum">93</span>
+compleat Angler, take this Rule. That he observe narrowly what Pond or
+River soever he fisheth in, whether it be slimy, muddy, stoney or
+gravelly; whether of a swift or slow Motion; As likewise that he know
+the Nature of each Fish, and what Baits are most proper for every kind:
+Not to let his Knowledg be circumscribed to one or two particular
+Rivers, whither he is invited to Angle and take his Observations by the
+Vicinity of his House; but to let his Knowledge be <i>general</i>, and
+consequently his Sport will be so too. His Ignorance otherwise will
+oblige him to be a Spectator in another River, when his Excellency is
+confined to that only experienced one in or near his own Parish or
+House. But to proceed,</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+II. To understand the best <i>Time when</i> to Angle in, We must first
+consider Affirmatively, when most <i>Seasonable</i>: Or,
+2.&nbsp;Negatively, when <i>Unseasonable</i>.</p>
+
+<p>1. <i>Seasonable</i> Angling is, When the Weather is calme, serene
+and clear; tho the Cool cloudy Weather in Summer
+<span class = "pagenum">94</span>
+is to be preferred, provided the Wind blow not too boistrously, to
+hinder your easy Guiding your Tools; In the hottest Months the cooler
+the better.</p>
+
+<p>2. When a Violent shower hath disturbed the Water and mudded it, then
+with a <i>Red Worm</i>, Angle in the Stream at the ground.</p>
+
+<p>3. A little before Fish spawn, when they repair to Gravely Fords to
+rub and loosen their full Bellies; they bite freely.</p>
+
+<p>4. From Sun-rising till eight of the Clock in the Morning, and from
+four in the Afternoon till night for <i>Carp</i> and <i>Tench</i>. In
+<i>June</i> and <i>July</i>, <i>Carps</i> shew themselves on the very
+rim of the Water, then Fish with a <i>Lob-Worm</i>, as you would with a
+Natural Flye. But be sure to keep out of sight.</p>
+
+<p>5. In <i>March</i>, <i>April</i>, and <i>September</i>, and all
+<i>VVinter</i>, when the Air is clear, serene and warm. And after a
+showre of Rain, which hath only beaten the <i>Gnats</i>, and
+<i>Flies</i> into the <i>River</i>, without muddying. The two first
+mentioned Months with <i>May</i>, and part of <i>June</i>, are most
+proper for the <i>Fly</i>; <i>Nine</i> in the Morning, and <i>Three</i>
+a Clock in the
+<span class = "pagenum">95</span>
+Afternoon, is the best time; as likewise, when the <i>Gnats</i> play
+much in a warm Evening.</p>
+
+<p>6. In a <i>Cloudy</i>, and <i>VVindy</i> day, after a
+<i>Moon-shine</i> clear Night, for the brightness of the Night (through
+fear) making them abstain from feeding, and the Gloominess of the Day
+emboldening and rendering them (through Hunger) sharp, and eager upon
+food, they bite then freely.</p>
+
+<p>7. <i>Lastly</i>, At the opening of <i>Mill-dams</i> or <ins class =
+"correction" title = "‘l’ invisible"><i>Sluces</i></ins>, you will find
+<i>Trouts</i>, &amp;c. come forth seeking food, brought down by the
+Water. We come next to demonstrate the time not proper,
+<i>i.&nbsp;e.</i></p>
+
+<p>2. <i>Unseasonable</i> Angling in short is, When the Earth is
+parched, and scorched with Vehement <i>Heat</i>, and <i>Drought</i>;
+benummed and frozen with <i>Cold</i>, <i>Frost</i>, and <i>Snow</i>; or
+refrigerated with Spring <i>Hoar-Frosts</i>; or blasted with the sharp,
+bitter, nipping, <i>North</i>, or <i>East</i> Winds: Or when blustring
+<i>Boreas</i> disorders your well guiding your Tackling; or the
+<i>Sheep-Shearers Washings</i> glutted the <i>Fish</i>, and anticipated
+your <i>Bait</i>; when the withdrawing of your sport, foretells a Storm,
+and advises you to some shelter; or Lastly, when the night
+<span class = "pagenum">96</span>
+proves Dark, and Cloudy, you need not trouble your self the next day,
+’tis to no purpose, <i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+
+<p>Thus much shall suffice for the two first Parts I proposed to treat
+of, <i>viz.</i> What we seek after in this Recreation, and Where, and
+When to find it; I&nbsp;come next to speak of the several
+<i>Implements</i>, and <i>Tackling</i> we ought to be provided with, for
+the prosecuting the same; and then to our Sport.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+III. For providing <i>Stocks</i>, the best time is the Winter
+<i>Solstice</i>, when the Sap is in the Roots of Trees, and their Leaves
+gone. It is improper after <i>January</i>, the Sap then ascending into
+the Trunk, and expanding it self over all the Branches. See that your
+Stocks be <i>Taper-grown</i>, and your Tops of the best
+<i>Ground-Hazle</i>, that can be had, smooth, slender, and straight, of
+an Ell-long, pliant, and bending; and yet of a strength, that a
+reasonable jerk cannot break it, but it will return to its first
+straightness; lest otherwise you endanger your Line. Keep them two full
+years, before you use them; having preserved them from Worm-eating, or
+Rotting, by thrice a year rubbing
+<span class = "pagenum">97</span>
+<span class = "folionum">F</span>
+and chaffing them well with Butter (if sweet) or Linsed or Sallet-Oyl;
+and if Bored, Oyl poured into the Holes, and bathed four and twenty
+houres in it, and then thrown out again, will exceedingly preserve
+them.</p>
+
+<p>But why should I further trouble my self with prescribing any Rules
+for the ordering the Angle-Rod, since every Cane-shop in <i>London</i>
+will furnish us at an easy rate, with Rods of Cane, that shall suit with
+the sport we designe; the usual Objection of their <i>Colour</i> and
+Stiffness being taken away, the first by covering it with Parchment or
+thin Leather, dyed as you please; and the other by the length and
+strength of the Top, being as before.</p>
+
+<p>The next thing we come to prepare is the <i>Line</i>, which though
+easy, yet admits of some Rule; wherefore to make it neat, handsome and
+strong, twist the Hair you make it of <i>even</i>, having seen if the
+Hair be of an equal bigness; then steep your Line in Water, to see if
+the Hairs shrink, if so, you must twist them over again. The
+<i>Colour</i> of the Hair is best of <i>Sorrel</i>, <i>White</i> and
+<i>Grey</i>; Sorrel for muddy boggy Rivers, and the two last for clear
+Waters.
+<span class = "pagenum">98</span>
+Nor is the <i>Pale watry green</i> contemptible, dyed thus: Take a pint
+of strong <i>Ale</i>, half a pound of <i>Soot</i>, a&nbsp;little of the
+Juice of <i>Walnut-Leaves</i> and <i>Allum</i>; Boyle these together in
+a Pipkin half an hour, take it off, and when ’tis cold, put in your
+Hair. In making your Line of Hair mix not Silk; but either all Hair, or
+all Silk; as likewise distinguish the Line for the Ground Angle, and
+that for the Fly-Rod, the last must be stronger than the first; in that
+for the Artificial Fly, making the uppermost Link twenty Hairs long,
+less in the next, and so less till you come to the Fly. Lastly at each
+end of your Line make a Loop (called a <i>Bow</i>) the one
+<i>Larger</i>, to fasten to, and take it from the top of your Rod, and
+the other <i>Lesser</i> to hang your Hook-line&nbsp;on.</p>
+
+<p>Your <i>Hook</i> comes next, and requires your Care, That it be Long
+in the shank, something Round in compass, the point straight and even,
+and bending in the shank. Set on your Hook with strong small Silk,
+laying your Hair on the inside of the Hook.</p>
+
+<p>Your <i>Flote</i> challenges divers wayes of making. Some using
+<i>Muscovy</i> Duck-quills for still Waters. Others the
+<span class = "pagenum">99</span>
+<span class = "folionum">F2</span>
+best sound Cork without flaws or holes, bored through with a hot Iron,
+and a Quill of a fit proportion put into it; then pared into a pyramidal
+Form, or in the fashion of a small Peare, to what bigness you please,
+and ground smooth with a Grindstone or Pumice; this is best for strong
+Streams.</p>
+
+<p>In fine, <i>To plum the Ground</i>, get a <i>Carbine</i> Bullet bored
+through, and in a strong twist hanged on your <i>Hook</i> or Rod. To
+sharpen your <i>Hook</i>, carry <ins class = "correction" title =
+"text reads ‘a / a’ at line break">a</ins> little <i>Whetstone</i>. To carry
+your several Utensils without incommoding your Tackle, have several
+<i>Partitions</i> of Parchment. And in short the Ingenious Angler will
+not be unprovided of his <i>Bob</i> and <i>Palmer</i>; his <i>Boxes</i>
+of all sizes for his <i>Hooks</i>, <i>Corks</i>, <i>Silk</i>,
+<i>Thread</i>, <i>Flies</i>, <i>Lead</i>, &amp;c. His <i>Linnen</i> and
+<i>Woollen Bait-Bags</i>; His splinted <i>Osier light Pannier</i>; And
+lastly his <i>Landing Hook</i>, with a Screw at the end to screw it into
+the socket of a Pole, &amp; stricken into the Fish, to draw it to Land:
+To which socket, a&nbsp;Hook to cut up the Weeds, and another to pull
+out Wood, may be fastned.</p>
+
+<p>But all those Implements I have described, serve to no purpose, if we
+do not observe to have the <i>Agents</i> and
+<span class = "pagenum">100</span>
+Effecters of our Pastime in store, I&nbsp;mean proper <i>Baits</i> and
+Inticements to take your Fish. Which branch themselves into three
+Kinds.</p>
+
+<p>First, The <i>Life-baits</i>, which are all kind of <i>Worms</i>,
+<i>Redworm</i>, <i>Maggot</i>, <i>Dors</i>, <i>Froggs</i>, <i>Bobb</i>,
+<i>Brown-Flies</i>, <i>Grashoppers</i>, <i>Hornets</i>, <i>Wasps</i>,
+<i>Bees</i>, <i>Snails</i>, small <i>Roaches</i>, <i>Bleak</i>,
+<i>Gudgeon</i>, or <i>Loaches</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Secondly, <i>Artificial living Baits</i>, of <i>Flyes</i> of all
+sorts and shapes, made about your Hooks with Silk and Feathers, at all
+times seasonable, especially in blustering Weather.</p>
+
+<p>Lastly, <i>Dead Baits</i>, Pasts of all maings, Wasps dryed or
+undryed, clotted <i>Sheeps-blood</i>, <i>Cheese</i>,
+<i>Bramble-berries</i>, <i>Corn</i>, <i>Seeds</i>, <i>Cherries</i>,
+&amp;c. The two first good in <i>May</i>, <i>June</i> and <i>July</i>,
+the two next in <i>April</i>; and the last in the <i>Fall</i> of the
+Leaf.</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">
+Of Flies.</h5>
+
+<p>Of <i>Natural</i> Flies there are innumerable, and therefore it
+cannot be expected I can particularize all; but some of their Names I
+shall nominate, <i>viz.</i> The <i>Dun-Fly</i>, <i>Red-Fly</i>,
+<i>May-Fly</i>, <i>Tawny-Fly</i>, <i>Moor-Fly</i>, <i>Shell-Fly</i>,
+<i>Flag-Fly</i>, <i>Vine-Fly</i>,
+<span class = "pagenum">101</span>
+<span class = "folionum">F3</span>
+<i>Cloudy</i> or <i>Blackish-Fly</i>, <i>Canker-Flies</i>,
+<i>Bear-Flies</i>, <i>Caterpillars</i>, and thousands more, differing
+according to the Soiles, Rivers or Plants.</p>
+
+<p><i>Artificial Flies</i>, are made by the ingenious Angler, according
+to Art, in shape, colour and proportion like the Natural Fly, of
+<i>Fur</i>, <i>Wool</i>, <i>Silk</i>, <i>Feathers</i>, &amp;c. To
+delineate which I must confess my self not so accurate and skilful a
+Painter, nor can any Pen-drawing illustrate their Various Colours so, as
+to direct their Artificial Counterfeit; Nature will help him in this by
+Observation, curiously <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘Flourishng’">Flourishing</ins> their several Orient and bright Colours,
+after which they take their names, as before said: And therefore to
+furnish your self with both Natural and Artificial <i>Flyes</i>, repair
+in the morning to the River, and with a Rod beat the Bushes that hang
+over the Water, and take your Choice; This is a Rule whereby you may
+know by their Number what <i>Fly</i> the Fish affect most, and
+accordingly to use it; taking with you these following Directions.</p>
+
+<p>1. Observe to Angle with the Artificial <i>Fly</i> in Rivers
+disturbed somewhat by Rain, or in a Cloudy day, the
+<span class = "pagenum">102</span>
+Wind blowing gently: If the Wind be not so high, but you may well guide
+your Tackle, in plain Deeps is to be found the best Fish, and best
+Sport: If small Wind breeze, in swift streams is best Angling: Be sure
+to keep your <i>Fly</i> in perpetual slow motion; and observe that the
+Weather suit the Colour of your <i>Fly</i>, as the light Colour’d in a
+Clear day, the Darkish in a dark, <i>&amp;c.</i> As likewise according
+to the Waters Complexions, have your Fly suitable.</p>
+
+<p>2. Let your Line be twice as long as your Rod: Keep as far as you can
+from the Waterside, the Sun on your back; In casting your Fly, let that
+fall first; your Line not touching the Water.</p>
+
+<p>3. Have a nimble Eye, and active quick Hand to strike presently upon
+the rising of the Fish, lest finding his mistake he spew out the
+Hook.</p>
+
+<p>4. In slow Rivers cast your Fly cross them, let it sink a little,
+draw it back gently, without breaking or circling <ins class =
+"correction" title = "text reads ‘the / the’ at line break">the</ins>
+Water; let the Fly float with the Current, and you will not fail of
+excellent Sport.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">103</span>
+<span class = "folionum">F4</span>
+<p>5. Observe to let the Wings of your <i>Salmon-Flys</i> to be one
+behind another, whether two or four, and they and the Tail long, and of
+the finest gaudiest Colours you can choose.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lastly</i>, In clear Rivers a small <i>Fly</i> with slender Wings
+is best, and in muddied Rivers a Fly of a more than Ordinary large
+Body.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+Thus much for Flies, I come next to that I called <i>Dead-Baits</i>, and
+shall begin with the several Wayes of making Pastes.</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">
+Of Pastes.</h5>
+
+<p>1. Beat in a Mortar the Leg of a young <i>Coney</i> (Vulgarly called
+the <i>Almond</i>) or of a Whelp or Catling, and a quantity of Virgins
+Wax and <i>Sheeps</i> suet, till they are incorporated, and temper them
+with clarified <i>Honey</i> into Paste.</p>
+
+<p>2. <i>Sheeps</i> Blood, <i>Cheese</i>, fine <i>Manchet</i> and
+clarified <i>Honey</i> tempered as before.</p>
+
+<p>3. <i>Sheeps</i>-Kidney-Suet, <i>Cheese</i>, fine Flower, with
+clarified <i>Honey</i> tempered.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">104</span>
+<p>4. <i>Cherries</i>, <i>Sheeps</i> Blood, <i>Saffron</i> and fine
+<i>Manchet</i> made into a Paste.</p>
+
+<p>5. Beat into a Paste; the fattest Old <i>Cheese</i>, the strongest
+<i>Rennet</i> can be got, fine <i>Wheat-flower</i> and <i>Annis-seed</i>
+Water: If for a <i>Chub</i> you make the Paste, put a little rafty
+<i>Bacon</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Lastly, <i>Mutton</i>-Kidney Suet, and <i>Turmerick</i> reduced to a
+fine Powder, the fattest old <i>Cheese</i> and strongest <i>Rennet</i>,
+wrought to a Paste, adding <i>Turmerick</i>, till the Paste be of a
+curious Yellow; and is excellent and approved for <i>Chevin</i>.</p>
+
+<p>All which Pastes when you use them, that you may have the desired
+Effects of your Pains infallibly follow, anoint your Bait with this
+Confection: Take the Oyl of <i>Aspray</i>, <i>Coculus India</i>, and
+<i>Assa <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘Fætida’">Fœtida</ins></i> beaten, and mix with it as much
+Life-<i>Honey</i>; then dissolve them in the Oyle of <i>Polypody</i>,
+and keep it in a close Glass for your use. And that your Paste may not
+wash off your Hook, beat Cotten-Wool or Flax into&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">105</span>
+<span class = "folionum">F5</span>
+<h5 class = "ital">
+Of keeping Baits.</h5>
+
+<p>For the keeping and preserving all quick Baits, you must keep them
+separately as they are several, not altogether; and feed them with that
+they most delight in; as for instance, in short:</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Red-Worm</i>, must be kept in a bag of Red Cloth, with a
+handful of chopt <i>Fennel</i>, mixt with half so much fresh, black and
+fertile Mould, will scoure and preserve them: All other Worms, with the
+Leaves of Trees they are bred on, renewing them often in a day. Only the
+<i>Cad-bait</i>, <i>Bob</i> and <i>Canker</i>, &amp;c. must be kept in
+the same things you find them.</p>
+
+<p>The great <i>White Maggots</i>, keep them in Sheeps-Tallow, or little
+bits of a beasts Liver; and to scoure them, hang them warm in a bag of
+Blanketing with Sand.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Frogs and Grasshoppers</i>, in wet Moss and long Grass,
+frequently moistned; and when used, the Legs of the first, and the Wings
+of the other must be cut close off.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">106</span>
+<p>The <i>Flies</i> use them as you take them. Only the <i>Wasps</i>,
+<i>Hornets</i> and <i>Humble-Bee</i>, must be dryed in an Oven, their
+heads dipt in Sheeps blood, and dryed again, may be kept in a Box for
+use.</p>
+
+<p>Thus much shall suffice for the Anglers Tools and Baits, I&nbsp;shall
+now lead him to his Sport, having first Clad himself with all inward and
+outward Ornaments.</p>
+
+<p><i>Inward</i>, In having his Mind cloathed with these Qualifications,
+<i>viz.</i></p>
+
+<p>1. <i>Learning</i>, throughly to understand his Art, and skilfully
+argue and dispute its Excellency, <i>&amp;c<ins class = "correction"
+title = ", for .">. </ins></i></p>
+
+<p>2. <i>Faith</i>, to enjoy the Benefit of his Expectation.</p>
+
+<p>3. <i>Love</i>, to his Pleasure, not thinking it irksom and tedious,
+to his Neighbour, in not offending him.</p>
+
+<p>4. <i>Patience</i>, In not excruciating himself for Accidents of
+Losses, <i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+
+<p>5. <i>Humility</i>, in wetting himself, lying down, kneeling,
+<i>&amp;c.</i> as Occasion requires.</p>
+
+<p>6. <i>Liberality</i>, in dispencing to others the Fruits of his
+Labour.</p>
+
+<p><i>Outward</i>, In cloathing his body with plain and comely Apparel,
+of sad dark
+<span class = "pagenum">107</span>
+Colours, as sad grayes, tawny, purple, hair or Musk Colour. Warm <ins
+class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘and / and’ at line break">and</ins> well lined, to prevent the Evils which the Coldness of
+the Air, or Moistness of the Water may produce.</p>
+
+<p>And now thus equipt let us walk to the Rivers side, there give me
+leave to direct you in the <i>Measures</i> you must take and observe,
+for the obtaining the End of what all our forementioned Preparations
+aime at; I&nbsp;mean the Catching those sundry kinds of Fish I
+enumerated at the begining of this Discourse; and observing that first
+method, I&nbsp;shall Alphabetically describe, what Baits are most Proper
+for taking them, and How to use them.</p>
+
+<p>To begin then with the <i>Barbel</i>. The best time for Angling for
+this Fish is at the latter end of <i>May</i>, <i>June</i>, <i>July</i>,
+and beginning of <i>August</i>, in his Haunts aforementioned; and the
+best Bait (omiting others) is the well-scoured <i>Lob-Worm</i> (being of
+a curious cleanly Palate as well as shape) or Cheese steept an hour or
+two in clarified Honey. He is a subtile Fish, extraordinary strong, and
+dogged to be dealt with, and therefore be sure to have your Rod and Line
+strong and
+<span class = "pagenum">108</span>
+long, or you may endanger to break&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Breame</i> is next in order; The most seasonable time to Angle
+for him is from St. <i>James</i> tide till <i>Bartholomew</i> tide. He
+spawneth in <i>June</i> or begining of <i>July</i>; is easily taken, as
+falling on his side after one or two gentle turnes, and so drawn easily
+to Land. The best Bait for him is that (most delightful to him)
+<i>Red-Worme</i> (found in Commons &amp; <i>Chalky</i> Grounds after
+Rain) at the root of a great <i>Dock</i>, wrapt up in a round Clue. He
+loves also Paste, Flag-Wormes, Wasps, Green-Flies, Butter-Flies, and a
+Grass-hopper, without Leggs.</p>
+
+<p>Bait your Ground the night before with gross-ground Malt, boiled and
+strained, and then in the morning with the Red-Worm, bait your Hook, and
+plumbing your Ground within half an Inch, Fish.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Bleak</i>, an eager Fish, is caught with all sorts of Worms
+bred on Trees or Herbs, also with <i>Flies</i>, <i>Cad-bait</i>,
+<i>Bobs</i>, <i>Paste</i>, <i>Sheeps-Blood</i>, <i>White Snails</i>,
+<i>Wasps</i>, <i>Gnats</i>, &amp;c. In a warm clear day the small Flye
+at the rim of the Water
+<span class = "pagenum">109</span>
+is best; In a Cloudy day, <i>Gentles</i> or <i>Cadis</i> two foot under
+the Water.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Bull-head</i> or <i>Millers-thumb</i>, being Childrens
+Recreation, I&nbsp;shall speak little of, only being serviceable for
+Baits, I&nbsp;shall only say he is easily taken with a small Worm, being
+lazie and simple, and will swallow any thing; and the <i>Minnow</i>,
+<i>Loach</i>, and <i>Bansticle</i> being of the same diet, I&nbsp;place
+here too.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Chevin</i>, loveth all sorts of <i>Worms</i>, <i>Flies</i>,
+<i>Cheese</i>, <i>Grain</i>, and <i>Black Worms</i>, their Bellies being
+slit, that the White may be seen: And very much delighteth in the
+<i>Pith</i> of an <i>Oxes back</i>, the tough outward skin being
+carefully taken off, without breaking the inward tender skin. In the
+Morning early angle for <i>Chevin</i>, with a <i>Snail</i>; in the heat
+of the day, with some other Bait; in the afternoon with the <i>Fly</i>;
+the great <i>Moth</i>, with a great Head, yellow Body, and whiteish
+Wings, usually found in <i>Gardens</i>, about the Evening: The larger
+the <i>Chevin</i>, the sooner taken; loving his Bait large, and variety
+on a Hook.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Char</i> is a <i>Lancashire Fish</i>, found in a <i>Mere</i>,
+called <i>Winander-Mere</i> in that <i>County</i>, the largest in
+<i>England</i>; and being
+<span class = "pagenum">110</span>
+to be found no where else, I&nbsp;shall not lead my <i>London</i> Angler
+thither to teach him to take&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Chub</i>, called by some a <i>Cheven</i>, by others a
+<i>Villain</i>, is a <i>Fish</i> of no rare Meat; however, is good for a
+young Angler, and is thus to be taken: Bait your hook with a
+<i>Grass-hopper</i>, find the Hole where he lies, accompanied in a hot
+day, with twenty or more, floating almost on the very superficies of the
+Water; choose which you think best, and fairest, and drop your Hook some
+two foot before him, and he will bite at it greedily, and cannot break
+hold with his <i>Leather Mouth</i>; let him play and tire, lest you
+break your Line. If you cannot get a <i>Grass-hopper</i>, then any
+<i>Worm</i>, or <i>Fly</i> you will. In cold Weather, fish for him near
+the Bottom, and the <i>Humble-Bee</i> is the best Bait. Some appropriate
+Baits according to the Month, but I shall Omit that; The <i>Chub</i>
+(being best and in his Prime in the Winter, and then excellent meat
+Baked) a&nbsp;Paste made of <i>Cheese</i>, and <i>Turpentine</i>, is the
+only Bait to take him.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Carp</i> is subtle, and full of Policy, will never bite in
+Cold Weather,
+<span class = "pagenum">111</span>
+but in Hot you cannot be too Early, or too Late. In <i>March</i>, he
+seldome refuseth the <i>Red-Worme</i>, in <i>June</i> the <i>Cadice</i>,
+and the three next <i>Months</i> the <i>Grass-hopper</i>: Pastes that
+are sweet, of which I have spoken before, are very delightfull to
+<i>Carps</i>: And especially; if you Bait your ground two or three dayes
+before you angle, with <i>Pellets</i> of course Paste,
+<i>Chickens-guts</i>, <i>Garbage</i>, &amp;c. <i>Gentles</i> anointed,
+and a Piece of <i>Scarlet</i> dipt in <i>Honey</i>, put them on the
+Hook, is an approved way.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Dace</i>, <i>Dare</i>, <i>Rudd</i>, and <i>Roach</i>, being
+much of a kind, and feeding, I&nbsp;shall put together, and are easily
+taken with small <i>Worms</i>, <i>Bobs</i>, <i>Cadbaits</i>,
+<i>Flies</i>, <i>sheeps-Blood</i>, all sorts of <i>Worms</i>, bred on
+<i>Trees</i> or <i>Herbs</i>, <i>Paste</i>, <i>Wasps</i>, <i>Gnats</i>,
+<i>Lipberries</i>, &amp;c. The Heads of the <i>Wasps</i>, being dipt in
+Blood, is good for <i>Dace</i>, and <i>Dare</i>; as is likewise the
+<i>Ant-flie</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Eel</i>, takes great <i>Red-worms</i>, <i>Beef</i>,
+<i>Wasps</i>, <i>Guts</i> of <i>Fowl</i>, or <i>Fish</i>, <i>Menow</i>,
+small <i>Roaches</i> are good Bait for Night Hooks; the Hooks being in
+the Mouth of the <i>Fish</i>. Now because this is very delightfull to
+most, I&nbsp;shall prescribe three wayes of taking them, as are most
+<span class = "pagenum">112</span>
+full of Pleasure. The first way is called, <i>Sniggling</i>, or
+<i>Broggling</i> for <i>Eels</i>, thus: Take a strong Line and Hook,
+baited with a <i>Lob</i>, or <i>Garden-Worm</i>, and observing where
+<i>Eels</i> lurk in the day time, with a stick forked at the Top, gently
+put your Bait into the Hole, and if there be any <i>Eels</i> there, you
+will not fail of a Bite, of as large <i>Eels</i> as can be had, but pull
+not too hard lest you spoyl all. The second is called <i>Bobbing</i>,
+which is thus done: Take some large well scowred <i>Lobs</i>, and with a
+Needle, run some strong twisted <i>Silk</i> through them, from end to
+end, so many as are enough to wrap about a Board near a dozen times; tye
+them fast with the two ends of the <i>Silk</i> to hang in so many Hanks;
+then fasten all to a strong Cord, and a handfull above the <i>Worms</i>
+fasten a <i>Plumb</i> of three quarters of a pound, and your Cord to a
+strong <i>Pole</i>, and in muddy Waters, you may <i>Fish</i>, and find
+the <i>Eels</i> tug lustily, and when you think they have swallowed
+them, draw up your Line, and a-shore with them. <i>Lastly</i>, the
+<i>Eel-Spear</i> made with four Teeth, jagged on both sides, stricken
+into the Mud, on the bottom of a River, and if you chance to strike
+<span class = "pagenum">113</span>
+where they lye, you infallibly take.</p>
+
+<p>There is likewise an assured way of taking <i>Eels</i>, approved to
+excel any other, thus done: Take some Bottles of <i>Hay</i>, mixt with
+green <i>Osiers</i>, or <i>Willows</i>, Bait them with <i>Sheeps
+Guts</i>, or other <i>Beasts Garbage</i>, sink them down in the middle,
+to the bottom of your <i>Pond</i>, or by the <i>Bank-sides</i>, having
+fastned a Cord to the Bottles, that you may twitch them up at your
+pleasure, and all the best <i>Eels</i> will resort to them, and you may
+take abundance.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Flounder</i>, <i>Shad</i>, <i>Thwait</i>, <i>Suant</i>, and
+<i>Mullet</i>, are taken with <i>Red-Worms</i> of all sorts,
+<i>Wasps</i>, and <i>Gentles</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Grayling</i> is next; In <i>Angling</i> for which, you must
+head your Hook upon the shank, with a very slender and narrow plate of
+<i>Lead</i>, that the Bait (a&nbsp;large <i>Grass-hopper</i>) may the
+more easily come over it; and at the point put a <i>Cadbait</i>, and
+keep the Bait in continual motion; not forgetting to pull off the
+<i>Grass-hoppers</i> Wings.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Gudgeon</i>, takes the smallest <i>Red-Worm</i>, <i>Wasps</i>,
+<i>Gentles</i>, and <i>Cadbaits</i>. When you <i>Fish</i> for him, stir
+up the <i>Sand</i> or <i>Gravel</i> with a <i>Pole</i>, which will make
+them gather thither, and bite more eagerly.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">114</span>
+<p>The <i>Guiniad</i>, I shall remit speaking to, only mentioning it in
+course, being no where found, but in a place called, <i>Pemble-Mere</i>,
+in which place they abound, as the River <i>Dee</i> does with
+<i>Salmon</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Pope</i>, or <i>Ruff</i>, is excellent for a young
+<i>Angler</i>, bites greedily, and quantities may be taken, by Baiting
+the Ground with <i>Earth</i>, and your Hook with small Red
+<i>Worms</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Pike</i>, loveth all sorts of Baits (unless the <i>Fly</i>)
+<i>Gudgeon</i>, <i>Dace</i>, <i>Roaches</i> and <i>Loaches</i>; and
+young <i>Frogs</i> in <i>Summer</i> time, of which the yellowest is
+best.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Pearch</i>, taketh all sorts of <i>Earth-worms</i>, especially
+the <i>Lob-worm</i>, and <i>Brandling</i>, well scowred, <i>Bobs</i>,
+<i>Oak-worms</i>, <i>Dors</i>, <i>Gentles</i>, <i>Cole-wort-worms</i>,
+<i>Wasps</i>, <i>Cadbaits</i>, and <i>Menow</i>, or a little
+<i>Frog</i>, the Hook being fastned through the skin of his Leg, towards
+the upper part of it. Be sure you give the <i>Pearch</i> time enough to
+pouch his Bait, before you strike.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Salmon</i>, is taken best with <i>Lob-worms</i>, scented with
+the Oyl of <i>Ivy-berries</i>, or the Oyl of <i>Polypody</i> of the
+<i>Oak</i> mixt with <i>Turpentine</i>: Or the well-scowred
+<i>Garden-worm</i>, is an excellent
+<span class = "pagenum">115</span>
+Bait: The <i>Salmon</i> bites best in <i>May</i>, <i>June</i>, and
+<i>July</i>, at three a <i>Clock</i> in the Afternoon, if the Water be
+clear, a&nbsp;little Wind stirring, especially near the <i>Sea</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Tench</i>, is a great lover of large Red <i>Worms</i>, first
+dipt in <i>Tar</i>. As also all sorts of Paste, made up with strong
+scented <i>Oyls</i>, or <i>Tar</i>, or a Paste made up of Brown
+<i>Bread</i>, and <i>Honey</i>. He will bite too at a <i>Cad-worm</i>,
+<i>Lob-worm</i>, <i>Flag-worm</i>, green <i>Gentle</i>, <i>Cadbait</i>,
+<i>Marsh-worm</i>, or soft boil’d <i>Bread-grain</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Torcoth</i>, being before mentioned, I only let you know, that
+he is only found, in the Pool <i>Linperis</i> in <i>Carnarvan-shire</i>;
+and leave you to the <i>Welch-mens</i> description, both of him and his
+<i>Bait</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Trout</i>, is fattest, and in his prime in <i>May</i>, and is
+caught with all sorts of <i>Worms</i>, especially <i>Brandlings</i>,
+commonly found in an Old <i>Dung-hill</i>, <i>Cow-dung</i>,
+<i>Hors-dung</i>, or <i>Tanners-bark</i>: Also with <i>Flies</i>,
+Natural and Artificial, with young <i>Frogs</i>, <i>Menow</i>,
+<i>Marsh</i>, <i>Dock</i> or <i>Flag-worms</i>; all sorts of
+<i>Cad-bait</i>, <i>Dors</i>, <i>Bobs</i>, <i>Palmers</i>,
+<i>Gentles</i>, <i>Wasps</i>, <i>Hornets</i>, &amp;c. and with the
+<i>Catterpiller</i>, used according to the Rule before prescribed for
+the <i>Grayling</i>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">116</span>
+<p><i>Lastly</i>, The <i>Umber</i>, endeth our <i>Alphabet</i>, and
+<i>Discourse</i> of <i>Fishing</i> too, and gives me occasion to add no
+more, but that he is taken as the <i>Trout</i>, just now mentioned; And
+therefore now to your Sport: To assist your well effecting which,
+I&nbsp;have but this to add; Cast into your Haunts where you use to
+<i>Fish</i>, once in four or five dayes, soft boyled <i>Corn</i> (or
+oftner for <i>Carp</i>, and <i>Tench</i>) Also <i>Garbage</i>, <i>Beasts
+Livers</i>, chopt <i>Worms</i>, <i>Grains</i> steept in <i>Blood</i>, to
+attract them to the place; and to keep them together, throw in half a
+handfull of <i>Grains</i> of ground <i>Malt</i>: But in a stream, cast
+it above your Hook, that floating towards you may draw the Fish
+thither.</p>
+
+<p>Before I conclude, I was afraid this discourse would have been
+imperfect, had not something been spoken of <i>Fish-ponds</i>, their
+Ordering, and Improving, that the private Gentleman may not be destitute
+of some appropriated place to himself, wherein he may Recreate himself
+in this excellent Pastime; great <i>Rivers</i> belonging either to the
+King, or to Lords of Mannours, whose Authorities and Jurisdictions must
+be kept inviolate, and excludes our Intrusion there.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">117</span>
+<h5 class = "ital">
+Of Fish-ponds.</h5>
+
+<p>When you have a desire to dig a <i>Fish-pond</i>, coveting the
+several Advantages that do thence accrue to you, you must first of all
+consult, what <i>Grounds</i> are most fit and proper to be cast into a
+Pond, <i>viz</i>, Those which are <i>Marrishy</i>; or <i>Boggy</i>; or
+full of <i>Springs</i>, unfit for <i>Grazing</i>, or to be put to any
+profitable use besides. Of these the last, full of <i>springs</i>, will
+yield the best Water; that which is <i>Marshy</i> will feed Fish; and
+that which is <i>Boggy</i> is best for a Defence against Thieves.</p>
+
+<p>Thus being furnished with a piece of Wast Ground, I now mentioned,
+let us now to work; And first draw by small Trenches all the Springs or
+moist Veines into one place, and so drain the rest of the Ground; then
+mark out the Head of your Pond, and make it the highest part of the
+ground in the Eye, tho it be the lowest in the true Level: Cut the
+Trench of your <i>Floodgate</i> so, that when the VVater is let out, it
+may have a swift Fall: On each side of which Trench drive in great
+Stakes of <i>Oak</i>, <i>Ash</i> or (which is
+<span class = "pagenum">118</span>
+best) <i>Elme</i>, six foot long, and six Inches square; place these in
+Rowes four foot distance one from another, as broad and wide from the
+<i>Floodgate</i> as you intend the Head of your Pond shall go: Now give
+us the Spade <i>Tom</i>, and fetch us the Pick-ax <i>Jack</i>, and to
+digging of our Pond; Dig it as big and large a Compass as the Ground
+will permit, throw your Earth amongst the said stakes, and ram it
+between them, hard and firm, till you have covered the stakes: Drive in
+as many new ones more besides the heads of the first stakes, and ram
+more Earth above them too: Do thus with stakes above stakes till the
+head-sides be of a convenient Height: Taking care, that the inside of
+your Banks be smooth, even, hard and strong, that you may not fear the
+wearing of the Earth off the stakes by any Current of the Water.</p>
+
+<p>Having thus digged about <i>eight foot deep</i>, that so it may carry
+about <i>six foot</i> VVater, pave all the <i>bottom</i> and the Banks
+of the Pond with large Sods of <i>Flot-Grass</i>, laying them very close
+together, pin them down fast with small stakes and windings: This Grass
+is a great Feeder of Fish, and grows naturally
+<span class = "pagenum">119</span>
+under VVater. Stake down to the bottom of one side of the Pond divers
+Bavens and Brush-VVood-Faggots, into which the Fish may cast their
+spawn, and preserve it: In another place lay Sods upon Sods, the grass
+sides together to nourish and breed <i>Eels</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The Pond being thus made, let in the Water, and now observe to store
+it thus: Put your <i>Carp</i>, <i>Breame</i> and <i>Tench</i> by
+themselves: <i>Pike</i>, <i>Pearch</i>, <i>Eel</i> and <i>Tench</i> (the
+Fishes Physician) by themselves; &amp; for Food of the greater Fishes,
+as well as Meat for your greater Dishes, put good store of <i>Roach</i>,
+<i>Dace</i>, <i>Loach</i> and <i>Menow</i>; and Lastly to every one
+<i>Melter</i> put three <i>Spawners</i>, and in three Years the Increase
+will be great; and in five Years with difficulty destroyed.</p>
+
+<p>At the end of three Years <i>Sue your Pond</i>; which you must ever
+continue so to do, for that the <i>Roach</i>, &amp;c. will increase in
+such abundance, that eating up the sweetest food, will make your other
+Fish, as <i>Carps</i>, &amp;c. be lean and hunger-starved: And therefore
+every Year view your Pond, and observe if any such Fry appears; and use
+your Discretion.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">120</span>
+<p>And because the <i>Carp</i> is a Fish of a general Acceptation, and
+is of a <i>bon goust</i> almost in every mans palate; and being by the
+aforesaid little Devourers and Multiplyers, very often Deceived in your
+expectation of a fat <i>Carp</i>, large and sweet; I&nbsp;shall insert
+here an excellent VVay of making <i>Carps</i> grow to an extraordinary
+Bigness in a Pond.</p>
+
+
+<h5 class = "ital">
+To make <em>Carps</em> grow large, <em>&amp;c.</em></h5>
+
+<p>About the Month of <i>April</i>, when you perceive your Pond grow low
+in VVater, rake all the sides where the VVater is fallen away with an
+Iron Rake, and sow <i>Hay-seeds</i> there, and rake it well; and at the
+Latter end of Summer you shall have good store of Grass: The
+<i>Winter</i> being come the VVater will encrease and over-top all the
+Grass, and there being VVater enough to carry them, the <i>Carps</i>
+will resort to the seeds, and feed briskly and grow as fat as
+<i>Hoggs</i>: Thus do every <i>Summer</i>, till you sue your pond, and
+no River <i>Carp</i> can surpass them.</p>
+
+<p>Thus much of <i>Fishing</i> and <i>Fish-Ponds</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">121</span>
+<span class = "folionum">G</span>
+<p class = "illustration">
+<a name = "shooting" id = "shooting" href = "#titlepage">
+<img src = "images/hd_shooting.png" width = "281" height = "51"
+alt = "Of Shooting"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class = "firstletter">T</span>he Use of the Bow is of so great
+Antiquity, and of so important a Consequence for a <i>defensive</i> and
+<i>offensive Armes</i>, that I could not but a little consider, how
+needful the true knowledge of its Use was esteemed of Old, and how
+<i>little it is accounted</i> now. It is uncertain, as well as (almost)
+unknown, who was the First Inventor of the Bow; but if we examine the
+<i>Probability</i> there may be of its being derived from the Tyranical
+Government of <i>Nimrod</i>, that so <i>Mighty Hunter before the
+Lord</i>, we may <i>Conjecture</i> him to be the first Inventor of the
+Bow: For as he is called the <i>First Founder</i> of a <i>Monarchick
+Government</i>, by reducing and subduing a disordered People under the
+Government of himself; so was he likewise esteemed a <i>Mighty
+Hunter</i> in another respect, for that he <i>Subdued likewise the
+Beasts of the Field</i>; as is observed of him and his Character, by
+sundry Commentators on him and his Family. So that in the whole we may
+<span class = "pagenum">122</span>
+suppose him to be the Inventor, or first Finder out of the Bow, as a
+Weapon of an infallible Execution and mortal Efficacy on that account.
+Nor can I find any mention made of the <i>Bow</i> thro the whole Hystory
+of <i>Genesis</i> from <i>Nimrod</i> to <i>Esau</i>, they both being
+characterized with those Epithets of <i>Mighty and Cunning Hunters</i>,
+<i>Men of the Field</i>; who very well understood the Use of the Bow, as
+well for their <i>Profit</i> as <i>Pleasure</i>; the last of which is
+particularly hinted in the commands of <i>Isaac</i> to <i>Esau</i>, that
+with his <i>Quiver</i> and his <i>Bow</i>, he should Hunt and take that
+only <i>Seasonable</i> Dish, which might procure and entaile a
+<i>Blessing</i> on him and his Posterity. Nay, that Holy Patriarch
+<i>Jacob</i> himself, in his last Will and Testament to his Illustrious
+Family, bequeaths a <i>singular Portion</i> to his beloved
+<i>Joseph</i>, which the <i>strength of his Bow</i> had intitled him to.
+<i>Gen.</i> 48.&nbsp;22.</p>
+
+<p>Nor are we to doubt in what Estimation it was held to the Reign of
+<i>David</i> King of <i>Israel</i>, who thought it the most <i>Necessary
+Qualification</i> of his Subjects, to be very well versed in the Use of
+the <i>Bow</i>. The <i>Bow</i> which was the Famous <i>Signal</i>
+between his beloved
+<span class = "pagenum">123</span>
+<span class = "folionum">G2</span>
+<i>Jonathan</i> and himself, and made the private <i>Testimonial</i> of
+the undeserv’d Fury of his Maliciously &amp; Enviously incensed
+<i>Father Saul</i>: By reason of whose eminent Skill, in the expert use
+of it, he chants forth his <i>Mournful Elegy</i>, The <i>Bow of
+<em>Jonathan</em> returned not empty, from the Blood of the slain</i>,
+&amp;c. Nay further so useful (no doubt) he thought the Knowledge of the
+Bow was, and of so necessary a Consequence for a Defensive as well as
+Offensive Armes, that it is observable he issued out a particular Edict
+or Proclamation, commanding the <i>general Learning its use
+throughout</i> Judah. And the Use of it continued and still does in the
+East, as the only Weapon they are skilled&nbsp;in.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. <i>Heylin</i> in his Cosmographical Description of the World,
+tells us, That the <i>Czeremissi</i>, a&nbsp;People living in great
+Forrests, without Houses, feeding on Honey &amp; the Flesh of Wild
+Beasts &amp; Clothed with their Skins, under the Empire of the
+<i>Czar</i> of <i>Russia</i>, are such excellent Archers, and so light
+of Foot, that they carry their Bows continually in their hands, and
+practise their Children so timely in it, that (after such an age) till
+they can hit a <i>White</i>
+<span class = "pagenum">124</span>
+that is set before them, they give them nothing to eat.</p>
+
+<p>Further; it is recorded of the <i>Parthians</i> (and indeed all the
+<i>Persians</i> too) that their greatest Fame consisted in their skilful
+handling their <i>Bows</i> and <i>Arrows</i>, &amp; were deservedly
+reckon’d the best Archers in the World, having the Art of <i>Shooting
+backwards</i>, and making their <i>Retreat</i> and <i>Flight</i> more
+pernicious and terrible, than their <i>Charge</i> and <i>Onset</i>. So
+that when <i>Marcus Crassus</i> in his expedition against them, was told
+by an <i>Astrologer</i>, that having found an ill Aspect in
+<i>Scorpio</i>, he presaged his Enterprize would prove unsuccesseful,
+<i>Tush Man</i> (quoth he) <i>I fear not Scorpio, but
+Sagittarius</i>.</p>
+
+<p>And to descend to our own Countrymen the English, the frequent
+Victories they obtained over the <i>French</i> formerly, rendred them as
+famous and able Bow-men (next the <i>Parthians</i>) as were in the
+World.</p>
+
+<p>But since the Ingenious <i>Franciscan</i> Fryer (<i>Bertholdus
+Swart</i>) appeared in <i>Germany</i>, his <i>Sulphureous</i> Brain has
+quite (or almost) <i>blown</i> up the Reputation of the Bow, and all
+other Ancient Devices and Engines of War, by his <i>Accidental
+Invention</i> of that Fatal Instrument
+<span class = "pagenum">125</span>
+<span class = "folionum">G3</span>
+the <i>Gun</i>, which he first communicated to the <i>Venetians</i>,
+<i>Anno 1330</i>. Who gave by these (then so called) <i>Bombards</i>,
+a&nbsp;notable discomfiture to the <i>Genoys</i>; and was next made use
+of by the Inhabitants of the <i>Baltick Sea</i>; And at the Siege of
+<i>Callice</i> <i>Anno 1347.</i> used by the <i>English</i>; who taught
+it the <i>Mounsieur Frenchman</i>, and he gratified him with the death
+of the Famous Leader, <i>Thomas Mountacute</i> Earl of <i>Salisbury</i>,
+shot at the Siege of <i>Orleance</i>, <i>Anno. 1425</i>. After which
+<i>Spain</i> learnt it, and the <i>Jews</i> and <i>Moors</i> from thence
+taught the <i>Turk</i>; and from the first Invention of <i>large</i> and
+<i>unweildy</i>, they were made fit for <i>Walls</i> and <i>Hands</i>;
+and in fine <i>is a less expensive way of shedding blood than that of
+Archery is</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Thus you see how Ancient the Use of the <i>Bow</i> is, and how lately
+its Disuse began (I&nbsp;mean in relation to the Common-Wealth, as a
+defensive, or offensive Weapon) and how great the Ancient Fame of our
+<i>English</i> was in the knowledge of it: However the Glory of it is
+somewhat still preserved (though in a Pastime) by the Honourable City of
+<i>London</i>, whose <i>Lord Mayor</i> <ins class = "correction" title =
+"text reads ‘annnally’">annually</ins> appears to see a <i>Prize</i>
+performed by
+<span class = "pagenum">126</span>
+<i>Shooting</i> with a Pound <i>Arrow</i>: And therefore all I have to
+say more, is, That it is deservedly placed amongst my Recreations,
+having <i>Metamorphosed</i> its Use, and become a Healthful Conserver,
+instead of Destroyer of mens Bodies. And is vulgarly distinguished into
+two sorts, the <i>Long-bow</i>, and the <i>Cross</i> or
+<i>Crow-Bow</i>.</p>
+
+<p>I shall begin first with the <i>Long-bow</i>, whose Use is (now) thus
+to be understood. That it conduces much to the Health of our Body,
+disperses our stagnated Blood, extends our contracted Limbs, and renders
+the Members of our Bodies plyant, and flexible; and for the better
+obtaining these Effects, the following Rules are to be Observed.</p>
+
+<p>Before the <i>Archer</i> goes to his Sport (to follow the Method of
+this Treatise) he must first provide himself with necessary
+<i>Accoutrements</i>, <i>viz</i>, The <i>Bow</i> which claimes his first
+Care, must be the best (<i>as best is best Cheap</i>) of <i>Spanish</i>
+or <i>English Yew</i>, (the <i>VVithen</i>, or <i>Elme</i> being the
+worst:) Next his <i>Shaft</i>, which must be of <i>Birch</i>,
+<i>Sugar-Chest</i>, or <i>Brazeel</i>, with <i>Gray</i>, or <i>White
+Feathers</i><ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">. </ins></p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">127</span>
+<span class = "folionum">G4</span>
+<p>Thus equipt, to the Field, and here we are to understand three sorts
+of <i>Marks</i>, <i>viz</i>, The <i>But</i>, which is a <i>Mark</i> that
+is level, and requires a strong <i>Arrow</i> with a broad Feather: The
+<i>Prick</i>, a&nbsp;<i>Mark</i> of some compass, of a certain distance,
+requires an <i>Arrow</i> that is strong, and nimble, with a middle
+Feather: The <i>Rover</i>, is an uncertain <i>Mark</i>, and
+Proportionable to the distance, suit your <i>Arrows</i>. But before you
+Shoot, hold a little, and hearken to your Charge.</p>
+
+<p><i>First</i>, The <i>Archer</i> must have a good <i>Eye</i>, to see
+and discern his <i>Mark</i>; attended with a <i>Knowing Judgment</i>, to
+Understand the distance of Ground, and in what compass his <i>Arrow</i>
+must Fly, and to take the true Advantage of a Side-Wind; and a Dexterity
+to give his <i>Shaft</i> a sharp strong and sudden Loose, and without
+hanging on the string, to draw his <i>Arrow</i> close to the Head, and
+in an instant deliver&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p><i>Secondly</i>, He must observe a <i>Decorum</i> in his standing
+Posture, that his Body be fair, comely, and upright; his left Foot a
+convenient stride before his right, with both his Hams stiff, his left
+Arm holding his <i>Bow</i> in the midst,
+<span class = "pagenum">128</span>
+stretch’d out streight; and with his three Fore-Fingers and Thumb of his
+right-hand, draw the string to his right Ear, the Notch of his
+<i>Arrow</i> resting between his fore and long Fingers of his
+Right-Hand, and the <i>Steel</i> of his <i>Arrow</i> below the
+<i>Feathers</i> upon the middle <i>Knuckle</i> of his fore-finger, on
+his Left-Hand, drawing it up close, as abovesaid.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Cross-Bow</i> (as I said in the Introduction to this
+<i>Treatise</i>) is of equal Benefit and Pleasure with the
+<i>Long-Bow</i>, when through an imbecillity in the <i>Arm</i> or
+<i>Back</i>, that will not be a suitable Recreation: This <i>Bow</i>
+must be made of the same Wood with the other, for <i>Gafel</i> carried
+upon a string, and the other end being placed in a Rest, furnish your
+self with strong and heavy <i>Arrows</i>, suitable to your <i>Bows</i>
+strength, and all the foregoing <i>Marks</i>, may afford you an equal
+Delight with the Former; but especially for Persons that have the
+unhappiness of looking asquint, it is an excellent Disposer of the
+sight, to a direct Line, and helps that <i>Watermans</i> quality of
+<i>Looking one way, and Rowing another</i>. Thus much shall suffice for
+<i>Shooting</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">129</span>
+<span class = "folionum">G5</span>
+<p class = "illustration">
+<a name = "bowling" id = "bowling" href = "#titlepage">
+<img src = "images/hd_bowling.png" width = "278" height = "49"
+alt = "Of Bowling"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class = "firstletter">T</span>his is a Recreation of an Ancient
+Institution, the <i>Lydians</i> being thought to have been the first
+Inventors of <i>Sphæromachia</i>, which signifies <i>Bowling</i>, as
+well as <i>Tennis-Playing</i>; besides these they instituted several
+other Games, as the <i>Dice</i>, <i>Tables</i>, <i>Cards</i>, &amp;c.
+Necessity, and Hunger enforcing them to that Ingenuity, as
+<i>Persius</i> well observes, <i>Artis Magister, Ingenijque largitor
+Venter</i>: For that Country being Oppressed with a great Dearth and
+Famine, in the time of <i>Atis</i>, one of the Progenitors of
+<i>Omphale</i>, they Devised these Games, that every second day playing
+at them, they might beguile their Hungry Bellies, and drive away the
+Tediousness of the Famine. And indeed, according to its Original
+institution, of infinite use for the diverting Melancholly, for Exercise
+of the Body, by runing and stirring in this Game, for helping likewise
+sundry Bodily Infirmities, as the <i>Stone</i>, <i>Gravel</i>,
+<i>Reins</i>, &amp;c. For which aforesaid ends several
+<span class = "pagenum">130</span>
+Pious, Learned and Sober Persons have sometimes made up the Company of a
+<i>Bowling-Green</i> (tho I must confess rarely to be seen in those
+common <i>Bowling-Allies</i> and <i>Bares</i>, which too usually are
+pestered with <i>Damming-Rooks</i>, <i>Cunning Betters</i>, <i>Crafty
+Matchers</i>, and base <i>Booty-Players</i>:) Herein we may see the
+World moralized, or emblematically described, where most are short,
+over, wide or wrong-Byassed, and few justle in to the Mistress
+<i>Fortune</i>: On one side we find <i>Heraclitus</i> and his Followers
+fret, vex, rail, swear and cavil at every thing; on the other side
+<i>Democritus</i>, and his Company rejoice and laugh, as if they were
+created for that purpose. On one side you may see the <i>Mimick</i>
+screwing and twisting his Body into several Postures, which he perswades
+himself adds either to the Swiftness or Slowness of his Bowl; On the
+other side the senseless <i>Orator</i>, with his perswasive Intreaties
+of <i>Rub, O&nbsp;Rub a little</i>; Or, <i>Flee, Flee</i>, and the like,
+to hasten or retard the Speed of his Bowl; when if the stupid Bowl lend
+a deaf Ear to his Perswasions, then he <i>belyes</i> his Disobedience,
+by crying <i>Short, Short, O&nbsp;Short</i>, when tis gone ten yards
+over; and when tis bowled short of the
+<span class = "pagenum">131</span>
+<i>Jack</i> six yards, he cryes, <i>Gone a Mile, a&nbsp;Mile,
+a&nbsp;Mile</i>, &amp;c. But not to detain you any longer in
+characterizing this excellent sport: (<i>Excellent</i> I mean if rightly
+used) I&nbsp;shall before I lead you into the <i>Green</i> or
+<i>Bare</i>, instruct you in some Rules, how to choose your
+<i>Bowls</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The first and greatest Cunning to be observed in <i>Bowling</i>, is
+the right <i>chusing your Bowl</i>, which must be suitable to the
+Grounds you design to run on, thus: For <i>close Alleys</i>, your best
+Choice is the <i>Flat Bowl</i>: 2.&nbsp;For <i>open Grounds</i> of
+Advantage, the <i>Round-Byassed-Bowl</i>; 3.&nbsp;For <i>Green
+Swarths</i>, that are plain and level, the Bowl that is <i>Round as a
+Ball</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The next thing requires your Care is, <i>The chusing out your
+Ground</i>, and preventing the Windings, Hangings, and many turning
+<i>Advantages</i> of the same, whether it be in open wide places, as
+<i>Bares</i> and <i>Bowling-Greens</i>, or in close
+<i>Bowling-Alleys</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Lastly, Have your <i>Judgment</i> about you to observe and
+distinguish the <i>Risings</i>, <i>Fallings</i> and <i>Advantages</i> of
+the Places where you Bowl: Have your <i>Wits</i> about you to avoid
+being rookt of your Money: And have your Understanding
+<span class = "pagenum">132</span>
+about you, to know your best Time and Opportunity for this Recreation;
+and finally a studious Care of your Words and Passions, and then
+<i>Bowl</i> away, and you may deserve, <i>Well have you Bowled
+indeed</i>.</p>
+
+<p>But methinks I cannot conclude here, without admiring how aptly a
+Bowling-Green is by the Divine <i>Quarles</i> characterized, in the
+following Verses, thus.</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>Brave pastime, <em>Readers</em>, to consume that Day,</p>
+<p>Which without Pastime flies too swift away!</p>
+<p>See how they Labour, as if Day and Night</p>
+<p>Were both too short to serve their loose Delight?</p>
+<p>See how their curved <em>Bodies</em> wreath, and skrue</p>
+<p>Such Antick shapes as <em>Proteus</em> never knew:</p>
+<p>One rapps an Oath, another deals a Curse,</p>
+<p>He never better bowl’d, this never worse;</p>
+<p>One rubs his itchless Elbow, shruggs and laughs,</p>
+<p>The t’other bends his beetle-brows, and chafes;</p>
+<p>Sometimes they whoop, sometimes the <em>Stygian</em> Cryes,</p>
+<p>Send their black <em>Santo’s</em> to the blushing Skies:</p>
+<p>Thus mingling Humours in a mad Confusion</p>
+<p>They make bad Premisses and worse Conclusion.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Thus much for <i>Bowling</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">133</span>
+<p class = "illustration">
+<a name = "tennis" id = "tennis" href = "#titlepage">
+<img src = "images/hd_tennis.png" width = "240" height = "46"
+alt = "Of Tennis."></a>
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class = "firstletter">T</span>his Recreation is of the same
+Date for its <i>Antiquity</i> of Invention with <i>Bowling</i>, and for
+the <i>Violence</i> of its Exercise to be preferred before it. This
+sport indeed is of so universal an Acceptance, that Majesty it self is
+pleased to design it its Recommendation, by tracking its laborious
+steps; and <i>Princes</i> and <i>Lords</i> admire it too for the most
+proper Recreation, to suit with <i>Innocence</i>, and <i>true
+Nobility</i>. Here the body is briskly exercised more than ordinary, and
+inured in <i>Agility</i> and <i>Nimbleness</i>; this renders the Limbs
+flexible and mettlesom, and adapts them for the most Vigorous
+Enterprize: It makes the languid and slothful, <i>brisk</i> and
+<i>sprightful</i>; and rejects <i>Effeminacy</i> and <i>Delicacy</i>, as
+contemptible and unworthy so Royal and Noble a Recreation: And so
+General indeed is the Estimation this Exercise of <i>Tennis</i> amongst
+most meets with, that it is reckoned one of the most absolute
+Qualifications of a
+<span class = "pagenum">134</span>
+well-bred Gentleman, throughly to understand this famous Game.</p>
+
+<p>But why should we wonder at the general Love Gentlemen have for this
+Recreation, since it must be acknowledged, it challengeth as deserving a
+place in the Catalogue of violent Exercises, as any that goes before it
+in this Treatise; indeed it may be well rankt among those great
+Excellencies of Exercise which rendered the <i>Lacedemonians</i>, Famous
+to all Posterity for instructing their young Gentlemen and Noblemen in:
+Nay for ought I know it is a <i>derivative Vertue</i> which descended to
+the true <i>English</i> Gentleman, from that so excellent Method of
+Education used amongst the Warlike Nation the <i>Gothes</i>: Who (as
+<i>Olaus Magnus</i> informes us) amongst the greatest Severities, as
+<i>Beatings</i> and <i>Wounds</i>, <i>Change of Heat into sudden
+Cold</i>, <i>lying</i> (not on <i>Downe</i> but) upon <i>Boards</i>,
+<i>coursely clad</i>, and <i>Feeding</i> on <i>Ordinary</i>, but strong
+<i>Food</i>, used themselves to the most tedious, wearisome and Violent
+Exercises, as <i>Riding</i>, <i>Darting</i>, <i>Shooting</i>, &amp;c.
+<i>Wearing heavy Armes</i>, <i>Swimming on Horse-Back and in Armour</i>;
+And had they been acquainted with this Exercise of <i>Tennis</i>,
+<span class = "pagenum">135</span>
+would not have omitted that neither: But I shall not enlarge any further
+on its <i>Encomium</i>, its being the Pastime of the most knowing and
+greatest men, shall stop any longer <i>Eulogies</i> my Pen can make on
+its Worth and Excellence. All I have to say is, I&nbsp;am heartily
+sorry, there are no <i>Rules</i> which fall within the Sphere of
+<i>Demonstration</i>, to be laid down for my Readers use, for the right
+prosecuting this Noble Game: Practice and Experience alone must be his
+Information and Direction, and not any Writing may be communicated to
+him: Only let me say this.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tennis</i> and <i>Baloon</i> are Sports which are play’d almost
+with the same Instruments; and therefore may be under one and the same
+Head: The first is a pastime, used in close or open Courts, by striking
+a little <i>Round Ball</i> to and fro, either with the <i>Palmes</i> of
+the hands (and then is called <i>Pila palmaria</i> in Latin) or else a
+<i>Racket</i>, made for the purpose, round with Net or Cat-gut, with a
+Handle: The other a strong and moving Sport in the Open Fields with a
+great Ball of a double Leather filled with Wind, and so driven to and
+fro with the strength of a Mans Arm,
+<span class = "pagenum">136</span>
+armed in a Brace of Wood: And thus much shall suffice to speak of the
+<i>Baloon</i> and <i>Tennis</i>; only let me desire you, let not this or
+any other Pastime disturb your Minds; divert you from the diligent and
+careful Prosecution of your own lawful Business; or invite you to throw
+away your Time and Money too lavishly and idley; nor engage you in any
+Passion; that so you may not offend God, dislike your <i>Neighbour</i>,
+nor incomode your <i>Self</i> and <i>Family</i> in your Well-being and
+Felicity; and then you may recreate your self without Fear, and in this
+Recreation observe the ensuing Morality of</p>
+
+
+<h4 class = "long">The
+<img src = "images/tenniscourt.png" width = "124" height = "19"
+alt = "The Tennis-Court"></h4>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>When as the Hand <em>at Tennis</em> Playes,</p>
+<p class = "in1">And Men to Gaming fall,</p>
+<p><em>Love</em> is the <em>Court</em>, <em>Hope</em> is the
+<em>House</em>,</p>
+<p class = "in1">And <em>Favour</em> serves the <em>Ball</em>.</p>
+
+<p class = "stanza">
+This <em>Ball</em> it self is <em>due Desert</em>,</p>
+<p class = "in1">The <em>Line</em> that measure showes</p>
+<p>Is <em>Reason</em>, whereon <em>Judgment</em> looks</p>
+<p class = "in1">Where Players win and lose.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">137</span>
+<p class = "stanza">
+The <em>Tutties</em> are <em>Deceitful Shifts</em>,
+<p class = "in1">The <em>Stoppers</em>, <em>Jealousy</em>,</p>
+<p>Which hath Sir <em>Argus</em> hundred Eyes,</p>
+<p class = "in1">Wherewith to watch and pry.</p>
+
+<p class = "stanza">
+The <em>Fault</em> whereon <em>Fifteen is lost</em>,</p>
+<p class = "in1">Is <em>Want of Wit and Sense</em>,</p>
+<p>And he that brings the <em>Racket</em> in</p>
+<p class = "in1">Is <em>Double Diligence</em>.</p>
+
+<p class = "stanza">
+But now the <em>Racket</em> is <em>Free-Will</em>,</p>
+<p class = "in1">Which makes the <em>Ball</em> rebound,</p>
+<p>And noble <em>Beauty</em> is the <em>Choice</em>,</p>
+<p class = "in1">And of each Game the <em>Ground</em>.</p>
+
+<p class = "stanza">
+Then <em>Racket</em> strikes the <em>Ball</em> away,</p>
+<p class = "in1">And there is <em>Over-sight</em>,</p>
+<p>A <em>Bandy</em> ho! the People cry,</p>
+<p class = "in1">And so the <em>Ball</em> takes flight.</p>
+
+<p class = "stanza">
+Now at the length <em>Good-liking</em> proves</p>
+<p class = "in1"><em>Content</em> to be their <em>Gain</em>:</p>
+<p>Thus in the <em>Tennis-Court</em>, <em>Love is</em></p>
+<p class = "in1"><em>A Pleasure mixt with Pain</em>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">138</span>
+<p class = "illustration">
+<a name = "ringing" id = "ringing" href = "#titlepage">
+<img src = "images/hd_ringing.png" width = "269" height = "50"
+alt = "Of Ringing"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class = "firstletter">S</span>ince this Recreation of
+<i>Ringing</i> is become so highly esteemed, for its excellent
+<i>Harmony of Musick</i> it affords the <i>Ear</i>, for its
+<i>Mathematical Invention</i> delighting the <i>Mind</i>, and for the
+<i>Violence of its Exercise</i> bringing Health to the <i>Body</i>,
+causing it to transpire plentifully, and by Sweats dissipate and expel
+those Fuliginous thick <i>Vapours</i>, which <i>Idleness</i>,
+<i>Effeminacy</i> and <i>Delicacy</i> subject men to; I&nbsp;say for
+these and sundry other Reasons, I&nbsp;was induced to bring this of
+<i>Ringing</i> into the Company of <i>Exercises</i> in this Treatise,
+that I might as well recreate you with some health-conducing Pleasure at
+<i>home</i>, as I have carryed you <i>abroad</i>, and there endeavoured
+to please you in what Pastime your Inclinations may most peculiarly
+select.</p>
+
+<p>Whosoever would then become an accurate Master of this excellent Art
+and Pleasure, and is very desirous to be esteemed an Elaborate and
+Ingenious <i>Ringer</i>, and be enrolled amongst
+<span class = "pagenum">139</span>
+that Honoured <i>Society</i> of <b>Colledge Youths</b>; I&nbsp;must beg
+Leave to instruct him before he enters the <i>Bell-free</i>, in these
+ensuing short Rules, which he must strictly observe. <i>viz.</i></p>
+
+<p>1. That as all <i>Musick</i> consists in these six plain
+<i>Notes</i>, <i>La Sol Fa Mi Re Ut</i>; so in <i>Ringing</i>,
+a&nbsp;Peal of Bells is Tuned according to these Principles of Musick:
+For as each <i>Bell takes its Denomination from the Note it Sounds</i>,
+by its being flatter or deeper, as, <i>First</i>, or Treble,
+<i>Second</i>, <i>Third</i>, <i>Fourth</i>, &amp;c. as they are in
+number to <i>Ten</i> or <i>Twelve</i> Bells, the Last being called the
+<i>Tennor</i>; So must they successively strike one after another both
+<i>Fore-stroke</i> and <i>Back-stroke</i>, in a due Musical Time or
+Equidistance, to render their Harmony the more pleasant, and to make the
+Young Practitioner the better informed to observe the <i>Life of
+Musick</i>, and indeed of true Ringing, <i>Time</i>; and therefore is
+called, <i>Round-Ringing</i>.</p>
+
+<p>2. As in Musick, so in Ringing there are <i>three Concords</i>, so
+called from their Melodious Harmony and Agreement, which Principally are
+these; <i>Thirds</i>, <i>viz.</i> 1&nbsp;3, 2&nbsp;4. <i>&amp;c.</i>
+<i>Fifths</i> 1&nbsp;5, 2&nbsp;6 <i>&amp;c.</i> <i>Eights</i> 1&nbsp;8,
+2&nbsp;9, 3&nbsp;10 &amp;c. and these are the more
+<span class = "pagenum">140</span>
+pleasant according to the Number of Bells they are struck on, and as
+they are struck, whether seperately or mutually. From hence
+<i>Changes</i> are made, which is only a Changing place of one
+<i>Note</i> with another, so variously, as Musick may be heard a
+thousand wayes of Harmony; which being so obvious to common Observation,
+I&nbsp;shall not go about to demonstrate; for that if two may be varied
+two wayes, surely by the <i>Rule of Multiplication</i>, a&nbsp;Man may
+easily learn how many times 6,&nbsp;7, 8, 9, 10, or 12 Bells Notes may
+be varied, which will run almost <i>ad infinitum</i>.</p>
+
+<p>3. For the better observing the Ringing of <i>Changes</i> or
+<i>Rounds</i>, these three things are to be noted.</p>
+
+<p>1. <i>The Raising true in Peal.</i></p>
+
+<p>2. <i>Ringing at a low Compass</i>; And</p>
+
+<p>3. <i>Ceasing in true Peal</i>; All which three are the most
+essential Parts to render a Practitioner <i>Excellent</i><ins class =
+"correction" title = ". invisible">. </ins></p>
+
+<p>1. For <i>Raising a Peal of Bells true</i>, the modern &amp; best
+Practice recommends the <i>swiftest and quickest possible</i>, every one
+taking Assistance to raise his Bell, as its going requires: The
+<i>lesser</i> Bells as <i>Treble</i>, <i>&amp;c.</i> being by main
+strength <i>held down</i> in their first Sway (or pull)
+<span class = "pagenum">141</span>
+to get time for the striking of the rest of Larger Compass; and so
+continued to be strong pulled till Frame-high, and then may be slackned:
+The <i>Bigger</i>, as <i>Tenor</i>, &amp;c. must be <i>pincht</i> or
+checkt over head, that the Notes may be heard to strike roundly and
+hansomely. Observe that all the Notes strike round at one Pull:
+I&nbsp;do not mean the First; but ’tis according to the Bigness and
+Weightiness of your Bells: However in raising a Peal, do not let one
+<i>Bell</i> strike before the rest, or miss when the rest do; this is
+contrary to the Strict Rules of <i>true Ringing</i>: And this is called
+<i>Round-Ringing</i>. Now if you design to raise a Peal of Bells for
+<i>Changes</i>, you ought to raise them to a Set-Pull, as the most
+proper for commanding the Notes, and he who is not well skilled to
+manage his Bell at a <i>Set-Pull</i>, will be apt to drop or overturn
+it, be in a Wood, and fruitlessly toil and moil himself. Therefore in
+practising the Setting of a Bell, cast your Eye about the other
+Bell-Ropes, during your managing your own, that you may accustome your
+selfe to manage it according to the <i>Change</i>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">142</span>
+<p>2. For <i>Ringing at a Low Compass</i>, is thus observed: By keeping
+a due <i>punctum</i> or beat of Time, in the successive striking one
+after another of every Bell; the <i>best Ringer</i> being set to the
+<i>Treble</i>, that may guide and direct the rest of the Notes in their
+due <i>Measure</i>.</p>
+
+<p>3. For <i>Ceasing a Peal of Bells</i>; Let them fall gradually from a
+set <i>Peal</i>, checking them only at Sally, till the low Compass
+renders it useless; and when so low, that for want of Compass, they can
+scarce strike at Back-stroak; then let the <i>Treble</i>-Ringer stamp,
+as a Signal, to notify, that the next time they come to strike at the
+Fore-stroke, to check them down, to hinder their striking the
+Back-stroke; yet Fore-stroke continued, till brought to a neat and
+gracefull Chime, which may be the <i>Finis</i> to that <i>Peal</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Thus much in short, for <i>Raising</i>, <i>Round-Ringing</i>, and
+<i>Ceasing</i> a <i>Peal</i> of <i>Bells</i>; I&nbsp;come next to lead
+you forth into that spacious <i>Field</i> of Variety of <i>Changes</i>,
+and present you with Instructions that may be meerly necessary, for the
+right Understanding the several kinds of them.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">143</span>
+<p>Now in <i>Ringing Changes</i>, two of our best Senses, are to be
+employed, <i>viz.</i> The <i>Ear</i>, and the <i>Eye</i>: The
+<i>Ear</i>, Hearing when to make a <i>Change</i>; and the <i>Eye</i>
+directing the <i>Bell</i> in making it: The <i>Bells</i> being the
+Object of the Former, and the <i>Bell-Ropes</i> the Object of the
+Latter. And to render both the Eye and Ear Usefull in Ringing
+<i>Changes</i>, these <i>Five</i> things are throughly to be
+Understood</p>
+
+<p><i>First.</i> Endeavour to distinguish the <i>Notes</i> of a
+<i>Peal</i> of <i>Bells</i>, one from another while Ringing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Secondly</i>, Learn to apprehend the Places of the
+<i>Notes</i><ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">. </ins></p>
+
+<p><i>Thirdly</i>, Understand the Precendency of <i>Notes</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fourthly</i>, How to make a <i>Change</i> in <i>Ringing</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fifthly</i>, and <i>Lastly</i>. How to Practise the four
+fore-going Notions in General.</p>
+
+<p>1. <i>To know the Notes of a Peal of Bells asunder</i> (which is easy
+in <i>Round-Ringing</i>) in <i>Changes</i> is thus: Get the skill of
+Tuning them with your <i>Voice</i>, by imitating their Notes while
+<i>Ringing</i>. Or if you are acquainted, either by your self or Friend,
+with some <i>Singing-master</i>, or one who has skill in <i>Singing</i>,
+<span class = "pagenum">144</span>
+get him to instruct you in the true Pitch of any <i>Note</i>, and aid
+your distinguishing them; otherwise you may be puzzled in this, to know
+which is <i>Treble</i>, which <i>Second</i>, &amp;c. as in 532641,
+<i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+
+<p>2. To know the Places of the <i>Notes</i>, is no way better to be
+apprehended than thus: The Practitioner ought to form an <i>Idea</i> in
+his Head of the Place of each <i>Note</i>, whether in a direct
+<i>Line</i>, or <i>Obliquely</i>; and representing them by a
+<i>Figure</i> in his mind, see (as it were) by the Eye of his
+Understanding each stroke of the <i>Bell</i>, as the
+<i>Treble</i>,&nbsp;1. <i>Second</i>&nbsp;2. <i>Third</i>&nbsp;3.
+<i>&amp;c.</i> so that as the <i>Ear</i> is to direct him, when to make
+the Change, so a right Apprehension of the <i>Motion</i> and
+<i>Places</i> of the <i>Notes</i>, ought to be a means to guide his
+Ear.</p>
+
+<p>3. The Precedency of <i>Notes</i>, is of a very Obvious
+Demonstration; thus: In Ringing <i>Changes</i>, the Fore and
+Back-stroke, successively following one another, are properly said to
+<i>Lye behind</i> one another, according to their places of striking. Or
+in short, in 12345. the <i>Note</i> that leads either at Fore or
+Back-stroak, is said to <i>Lye before</i> the rest, and the last to be
+behind. As
+<span class = "pagenum">145</span>
+<span class = "folionum">H</span>
+the 2 is said to lye behind the&nbsp;1, so it lyeth before the&nbsp;3,
+as the 3 lyeth behind the&nbsp;2, so it lyeth before the&nbsp;4. And so
+of as many as are <i>Rung</i>.</p>
+
+<p>4. The manner of making a <i>Change</i>, is very common, and needs no
+particular, but general Rule; That it is made by moving one <i>Note</i>
+into anothers place, Up and Down, as Occasion requires; but all usually
+made by two <i>Notes</i> standing one next the other, as hereafter may
+be Observed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lastly</i>, In your Ringing <i>Changes</i>, these two things (in
+which consists the practick part of this Art) are to be rightly
+considered. <i>First</i>, Readily to know which two <i>Bells</i> are to
+make the succeeding <i>Change</i>. And <i>Secondly</i>, to consider (if
+you are concern’d in it) what <i>Bell</i> you are to follow in making
+it. To understand which the more perfectly, you must imprint in your
+memory, the Method of the <i>Changes</i> prick’d in <i>Figures</i>, and
+to be expert likewise in setting them down divers wayes, and making any
+<i>Figure</i> a <i>Hunt</i> at Pleasure; and thus without pausing or
+hesitating to consider the Course, you may throughly understand the
+Methods; the Four preceding Observations being first perfectly
+understood.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">146</span>
+<p>There are two wayes of <i>Ringing Changes</i>, viz. By <i>Walking</i>
+them, as the Artists stile it; or by <i>Whole-pulls</i>, or
+<i>Half-pulls</i>: <i>Walking</i> is, when in one <i>Change</i> the
+<i>Bells</i> go round, <i>Four</i>, <i>Six</i>, or <i>Eight</i> times;
+which is a most incomparable way to improve a young Practitioner, by
+giving him time to consider, which two <i>Bells</i> do make the next
+succeeding <i>Change</i>, and in making it, what <i>Bell</i> each is to
+follow; so that by this means (by his industry) he may be capable of
+Ringing at <i>Whole-Pulls</i>; Which is, when the <i>Bells</i> go round
+in a Change at fore and back-stroke; and a new Change is made every time
+they are pulled down at Sally: This an Ancient Practice, but is now laid
+aside, since we have learnt a more advantageous way of hanging our
+<i>Bells</i>, that we can manage a <i>Bell</i> with more ease at a
+Set-Pull than formerly: So that Ringing at <i>Half-Pulls</i> is now the
+modern general Practice; that is, When one Change is made at
+Fore-Stroke, another at Back-Stroke, <i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+
+<p>I have one Thing more to add in these <i>introductory</i> Rules, and
+that in short is this: He that Rings the slowest <i>Hunt</i>, ought to
+notify the <i>extreme Changes</i>;
+<span class = "pagenum">147</span>
+<span class = "folionum">H2</span>
+which is, when the Leading <i>Bell</i> is pulling down, that he might
+make the Change next before the Extreme, he ought to say,
+<i>Extreme</i>. By this means, betwixt the Warning and the Extreme there
+will be one compleat Change.</p>
+
+
+<h5><i>Of Changes</i>, &amp;c.</h5>
+
+<p>There are <i>two kinds of Changes</i>, viz. <i>Plain Changes</i>, and
+<i>Cross-Peals</i>; which Terms do denote the <i>Nature</i> of them; for
+as the first is stiled <i>Plain</i>, so are its Methods easy; and as the
+second is called <i>Cross</i>, so are its Methods cross and intricate:
+The First have a general Method, in which all the Notes (except Three)
+have a direct <i>Hunting-Course</i>, moving gradually under each other,
+plainly and uniformly: <i>Plain</i> are likewise termed <i>single
+Changes</i>, because there is but one single Change made in the striking
+all the Notes round, either at fore or back-stroke. But the Second is
+<i>various</i>, each Peal differing in its Course from all others; and
+<i>in Cross-Peals as many Changes may be made as the Notes will
+permit</i>. In short, as to <i>Plain-Changes</i>, I&nbsp;shall not
+dilate on them here, it being so <i>plainly</i> understood by
+<span class = "pagenum">148</span>
+every one that lately have rung a <i>Bell</i> in peal; All therefore I
+shall add is this, That any two Notes that strike next together may make
+a Change, which may be done either <i>single</i> or <i>double</i>, as
+you list. The <i>single</i>, by changing Two Notes; and the
+<i>Double</i>, by changing Four, <i>i. e.</i> Two to make one Change,
+and two another; which is however called <i>One double Change</i>, and
+not two Changes; because tis made in striking the Notes of the
+<i>Bells</i> once round. For the rest, common Observation and Practice
+bids me stop here, and demands a Clearing those dark Intricacies which
+attend <i>Cross-Peals</i>.</p>
+
+
+<h5><i>Of Cross-Peals.</i></h5>
+
+<p><i>Art</i>, being a curious Searcher and Enquirer into the hidden and
+abstruse <i>Arcana</i>’s of Difficulties, having found out that dark and
+remote Corner of Obscurity, wherein the nature of these
+<i>Cross-Peals</i> lay at first invelopped, has exhibited by its
+<i>Proselytes</i> the ensuing Demonstrations of that which before lay
+mantled up in Doubt: And to effect this, these <i>Favourites of Art</i>
+have, like ingenious Architects, made Order
+<span class = "pagenum">149</span>
+<span class = "folionum">H3</span>
+and Method the <i>Basis</i>, on which the whole Structure depends: For
+in these <i>Cross-Peals</i> we must observe the <i>prime Movement</i>,
+which sets the whole Frame a going, and that is called the <i>Hunt</i>,
+which hath <i>One constant Uniform Motion throughout the Peal</i>, and
+different from that of the other Notes; and indeed by this the whole
+Course of the Peal is Steered. This keeps a continual motion through the
+other Notes, <i>i.&nbsp;e.</i> From Leading, to strike behind, and from
+thence again to Lead; which is called one <i>compleat Course</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Some Peals upon <i>five Bells</i> consist of <i>single</i> Courses,
+wherein are ten Changes, and twelve Courses make the Peal. Others upon
+Five, consist of Double Courses, wherein are twenty Changes to every
+Course, and six Courses in the Peal.</p>
+
+<p>Upon <i>six Bells</i> there are likewise <i>single</i> and
+<i>double</i> Courses, <i>viz.</i> Twelve Changes in every single
+Course, as in <i>Grandsire Bob</i>, &amp;c. and Twenty-four Changes in
+every Double Course, as in <i>Colledge Bobs</i>, that being the first
+Change of every Course, wherein the <i>Hunt</i> leaves Leading: In
+short, judiciously observe the first Course of any <i>Cross-Peal</i>,
+<span class = "pagenum">150</span>
+and you will soon see the <ins class = "correction" title = "second ‘e’ invisible">general</ins> Method of the whole Peal: All Courses in
+Cross-Peals agreeing in these following three Respects. First, <i>In the
+motion of the Hunt</i>. Secondly, <i>In the motion of the rest of the
+Notes</i>: And Thirdly, <i>In making the Changes</i>. Which three things
+being well (to omit Instances of Demonstration) and narrowly observed,
+will be very helpful both in pricking and ringing Courses; the first and
+third for directing you in Pricking them, and the first and second in
+Ringing them.</p>
+
+<p>There is one <i>Difficulty</i> to be removed e’re I can come to prick
+down those <i>Peals</i> I design to be the Subject of the Discourse of
+this <i>Epitome</i>, and that is, <i>How to make the first Changes at
+the beginning of each Peal</i>; I&nbsp;mean to make the <i>Second</i>,
+<i>Third</i>, <i>Fourth</i>, &amp;c. <i>whole Hunts</i>; and this in
+short is thus directed: In any <i>Cross-Peal</i> the <span class =
+"missing"><i>Whole Hunt</i></span> may move either up or down at the
+beginning; and the Motion of the <i>Whole Hunt</i>, in the first Course
+of each of the following Peals, will direct the first Motion of any
+<i>Cross-hunt</i>, and by Consequence of making the first Changes in
+that Peal. Taking along with you this Observation.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">151</span>
+<span class = "folionum">H4</span>
+<p>That whensoever the first Change of any Peal happens to be
+<i>single</i>, it must be made at the back-stroke, to prevent <i>cutting
+Compass</i>; and the like when a double Change happens first in a Peal
+of <i>Triples and doubles</i>: But when it happens, that the first
+Change is made at the Back-stroke, then Consequently the Bells at the
+end of the Peal will come round at a Fore-stroke Change.</p>
+
+<p>I shall omit speaking to any of the several <i>Peals</i> on <i>four
+or five Bells</i>; for that in my Opinion little <i>Musick</i> is heard,
+though much <i>practical Observation</i> is made, from them; and
+therefore shall begin with <i>Grandsire-Bob</i>, as having mentioned it
+but just before in my general View I made of <i>Cross-Peals</i>.</p>
+
+
+<h5><i>Grandsire Bob.</i></h5>
+
+<p><i>Bob</i> Changes take their Name from this, <i>viz.</i> When the
+<i>Treble</i> leads in the <i>Second</i> and <i>Third</i>, and the
+<i>Fifth</i> and <i>Sixth</i>’s places, then they are called
+<i>Bob-Changes</i>. In Ringing which you are to observe these Rules,
+<i>viz.</i></p>
+
+<p>Whatsoever Bells you follow when you <i>Hunt up</i>, the same Bells
+in the same order you must follow in <i>Hunting
+<span class = "pagenum">152</span>
+down</i>; as in the Changes here prickt, where the <i>Treble</i> hunting
+up <i>First</i> follow <i>Second</i>, then <i>Fourth</i>, and then
+<i>Sixth</i>; when it comes behind, <i>First</i> follows <i>Second</i>,
+in hunting down <i>Fourth</i>; and when hunted up follows <i>Sixth</i>
+in the same Order: The like may be observed in Ringing any other Bell,
+with this Difference betwixt the Whole-hunt and the rest, <i>viz.</i>
+Every time the Whole-hunt leaves the <i>Treble</i>’s place, and hunts
+up, it followeth different Bells from what it did at its first
+hunting&nbsp;up.</p>
+
+<p>In the ensuing Peal here prickt are <i>Eighteen-score</i> Changes,
+wanting one. It may be Rung with any <i>Hunts</i>, and begin the Changes
+<i>Triple</i> and <i>Double</i>: You may make your Extreme at the first,
+second, or third <i>single Bob</i>; or the first, second, or third time,
+that the half and <i>quarter-hunts</i> dodg behind; the <i>single</i>
+must be made behind in either of these.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">153</span>
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>4365<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<span class = "hunt">1</span>635<br>
+4<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<span class = "hunt">1</span>53<br>
+46<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br>
+645<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+6543<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+5634<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+536<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+35<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<br>
+3<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">2</span>64<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<span class = "hunt2">2</span>546<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>35<span class = "hunt2">2</span>64<br>
+3<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>546<br>
+3<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>456<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>34<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>436<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br>
+4<span class = "hunt2">2</span>635<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+46<span class = "hunt2">2</span>53<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+645<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br>
+654<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<br>
+56<span class = "hunt">1</span>43<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+5<span class = "hunt">1</span>634<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>536<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>5634<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+5<span class = "hunt">1</span>36<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<br>
+53<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>64<br>
+35<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>46<br>
+3<span class = "hunt2">2</span>54<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3456<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4365<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+4<span class = "hunt2">2</span>63<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br>
+46<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>35<br>
+64<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>53<br>
+6<span class = "hunt">1</span>45<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>6543<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>564<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<br>
+5<span class = "hunt">1</span>463<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+54<span class = "hunt">1</span>36<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+453<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<br>
+435<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+34<span class = "hunt2">2</span>56<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+3<span class = "hunt2">2</span>465<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>364<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>63<span class = "hunt">1</span>45<br>
+6<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>354<br>
+6<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>534<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<span class = "hunt2">2</span>43<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt2">2</span>534<br>
+6<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">2</span>43<br>
+65<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<br>
+564<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+5463<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+4536<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+435<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+34<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+3<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<span class = "hunt">1</span>56<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<span class = "hunt">1</span>465<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>3645<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>6354<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>3645<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>6354<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<span class = "hunt">1</span>534<br>
+6<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>43<br>
+65<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br>
+564<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+5463<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+4536<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+435<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+34<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<br>
+3<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt2">2</span>56<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<span class = "hunt2">2</span>465<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>34<span class = "hunt2">2</span>56<br>
+3<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>465<br>
+3<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>645<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>36<span class = "hunt">1</span>54<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>635<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br>
+6<span class = "hunt2">2</span>534<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+65<span class = "hunt2">2</span>43<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+564<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br>
+546<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<br>
+45<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>536<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>435<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>3456<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+3<span class = "hunt">1</span>54<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<br>
+35<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>46<br>
+53<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>64<br>
+5<span class = "hunt2">2</span>36<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5634<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6543<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+6<span class = "hunt2">2</span>45<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br>
+64<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>53<br>
+46<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>35<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>4365<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>346<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5<br>
+3<span class = "hunt">1</span>645<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+36<span class = "hunt">1</span>54<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+635<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<br>
+653<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br>
+56<span class = "hunt2">2</span>34<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+5<span class = "hunt2">2</span>643<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>546<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>45<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<br>
+4<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>536<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>356<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>43<span class = "hunt2">2</span>65<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">14<span class = "hunt2">2</span>356</span><br>
+1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4536<br>
+<span class = "underline">1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5463</span><br>
+15<span class = "hunt2">2</span>643<br>
+<span class = "underline">156<span class = "hunt2">2</span>34</span><br>
+1653<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<br>
+<span class = "underline">16354<span class = "hunt2">2</span></span><br>
+<span class = "pagenum">154</span>
+13645<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">1634<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5</span><br>
+136<span class = "hunt2">2</span>45<br>
+<span class = "underline">13<span class = "hunt2">2</span>654</span><br>
+1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3564<br>
+<span class = "underline">1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5346</span><br>
+15<span class = "hunt2">2</span>436<br>
+<span class = "underline">154<span class = "hunt2">2</span>63</span><br>
+1456<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">15463<span class = "hunt2">2</span></span><br>
+14536<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">1543<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6</span><br>
+145<span class = "hunt2">2</span>36<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">14<span class = "hunt2">2</span>563</span><br>
+1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4653<br>
+<span class = "underline">1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6435</span><br>
+16<span class = "hunt2">2</span>345<br>
+<span class = "underline">163<span class = "hunt2">2</span>54</span><br>
+1365<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<br>
+<span class = "underline">13564<span class = "hunt2">2</span></span><br>
+15346<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">1354<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6</span><br>
+153<span class = "hunt2">2</span>46<br>
+<span class = "underline">15<span class = "hunt2">2</span>364</span><br>
+1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5634<br>
+<span class = "underline">1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6543</span><br>
+16<span class = "hunt2">2</span>453<br>
+<span class = "underline">164<span class = "hunt2">2</span>35</span><br>
+1463<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">16435<span class = "hunt2">2</span></span><br>
+14653<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">1645<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3</span><br>
+146<span class = "hunt2">2</span>53<br>
+<span class = "underline">14<span class = "hunt2">2</span>635</span><br>
+<span class = "underline">1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4365</span><br>
+<span class = "underline">1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3456</span><br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Thus much for the <i>Grandsire-Bob</i>; I shall next collect what
+<i>London Peals</i> I think most Harmonious, and agreeable, without
+troubling my self to go to <i>Oxford</i>, or <i>Nottingham</i>, or
+<i>Redding</i>, to enquire after their different Methods of <i>Peal<ins
+class = "correction" title = "invisible">e</ins>s</i>, as indeed
+needless; <ins class = "correction" title = "words supplied from 1696">and my</ins> reason is this: Because I think the same Rules for
+<i>Peales</i> that are suitable to our <i>London Genius</i>, may
+challenge likewise an Acceptance amongst other <i>Cities</i>; provided
+their <i>Steeples</i> are furnished with as many, and as good
+<i>Bells</i>, and their <i>Belfree’s</i> with as ingenious
+<span class = "pagenum">155</span>
+and elaborate <i>Ringers</i> as here in <i>London</i>.</p>
+
+<p>I shall begin then with <i>Peales upon Six Bells</i>, and herein in
+order, measure out the Delights on <i>Peals</i> from <i>Six</i> to
+<i>Eight</i> Bells, and setting out early, present you with</p>
+
+
+<h5><i>The Morning Exercise.</i></h5>
+
+<p><i>Doubles</i> and <i>Singles</i>. The whole <i>Hunt</i> is the
+<i>Treble</i>, which <i>Hunteth</i> up into the <i>Second</i>,
+<i>Third</i>, and <i>Fourth</i> places, lying twice in each; and then
+lyeth still in the <i>Sixth</i> place, having dodged behind, and makes
+another, and then <i>Hunts</i> down as it <i>Hunted</i> up, and then
+leads four times. Observing the manner of its Pricking, and its
+Practice, may excuse any further defining&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3465<br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3456<br>
+23<span class = "hunt">1</span>465<br>
+23<span class = "hunt">1</span>456<br>
+234<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<br>
+234<span class = "hunt">1</span>56<br>
+2435<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+24356<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+2453<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+24536<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+25463<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+2546<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br>
+25643<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+2564<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br>
+265<span class = "hunt">1</span>43<br>
+265<span class = "hunt">1</span>34<br>
+26<ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘51’"><span class =
+"hunt">1</span>5</ins>43<br>
+26<span class = "hunt">1</span>534<br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>6543<br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>6534<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>26543<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>26534<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>62543<br>
+<span class = "underline"><span class = "hunt">1</span>62534</span><br>
+164352<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+164325<br>
+<span class = "pagenum">156</span>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+163452<br>
+<span class = "underline">163425</span><br>
+165243<br>
+165234<br>
+156243<br>
+<span class = "underline">156234</span><br>
+154326<br>
+154362<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+153426<br>
+<span class = "underline">153462</span><br>
+152643<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+152634<br>
+125643<br>
+<span class = "underline">125634</span><br>
+124365<br>
+124356<br>
+142365<br>
+<span class = "underline">142356</span><br>
+146532<br>
+146523<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+145632<br>
+<span class = "underline">145623</span><br>
+143265<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+143256<br>
+134265<br>
+<span class = "underline">134256</span><br>
+136524<br>
+136542<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+135624<br>
+<span class = "underline">135642</span><br>
+132465<br>
+132456<br>
+123465<br>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>This will go a 120 <i>Changes</i>, and by making <i>Bobs</i>, 240,
+360, <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘270’">720</ins>.</p>
+
+
+<h4><i>A Cure for <em>Melancholy</em>.</i><br>
+<span class = "subhead"><i>Doubles</i> and <i>Singles</i>.</span></h4>
+
+<p>I should think it needless to explain the method of prick’d Peales,
+and give a large Definition of them, when their plain Demonstration
+might be sufficient; However, as the Old <i>Phrase</i> is, <i>Because
+’tis usual</i>, something shall be said of this too.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">157</span>
+<p>The <i>Treble</i> is the whole <i>Hunt</i>, as in the former, and
+leads four times, and lyeth behind as many, and twice in every other
+place; the two <i>Bells</i> in the 3d. add 4th. places continue dodging,
+when the <i>Treble</i> moves out of the 4th. place; untill it comes down
+there again, and then the two hindmost dodge, till the <i>Treble</i>
+displaceth them; who maketh every double <i>Change</i>, except when it
+lieth behind, and then the double is on the four first, and on the four
+last when it leads. Every Single (except when the <i>Treble</i> lies
+there) is in the 5th. and 6th. places; or if possessed by the
+<i>Treble</i>, then in the 3d. and 4th. places: Every <i>Bell</i>
+(except the <i>Treble</i>) lies four times in the Second place: But
+enough; a&nbsp;word is enough to the Wise. See it here Deciphered.</p>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3465<br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3456<br>
+23<span class = "hunt">1</span>465<br>
+23<span class = "hunt">1</span>456<br>
+234<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<br>
+234<span class = "hunt">1</span>56<br>
+2435<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+2453<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+24356<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+24536<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+42356<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+42536<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+4235<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+4253<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+452<span class = "hunt">1</span>36<br>
+452<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<br>
+45<span class = "hunt">1</span>236<br>
+45<span class = "hunt">1</span>263<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>5236<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>5263<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>45236<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>45263<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+142536<br>
+<span class = "underline">142563</span><br>
+156423<br>
+156432<br>
+<span class = "pagenum">158</span>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+165423<br>
+<span class = "underline">165432</span><br>
+143652<br>
+143625<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+134652<br>
+<span class = "underline">134625</span><br>
+162345<br>
+162354<br>
+163245<br>
+<span class = "underline">163254</span><br>
+125634<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+125643<br>
+126534<br>
+<span class = "underline">126543</span><br>
+154263<br>
+154236<br>
+152463<br>
+<span class = "underline">152436</span><br>
+143526<br>
+143562<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+134526<br>
+<span class = "underline">134562</span><br>
+156423<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+156432<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+165423<br>
+<span class = "underline">165432</span><br>
+132654<br>
+132645<br>
+136254<br>
+<span class = "underline">136245</span><br>
+124365<br>
+124356<br>
+123465<br>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>This will go <i>Six-score Changes</i>, but by making <i>bobs</i>, it
+will go 240, 360, or 720. The <i>bob</i> is a double <i>Change</i> at
+the leading of the <i>Treble</i>, in which the <i>Bell</i> in the 4th
+Place lyeth still.</p>
+
+
+<h4>London Nightingale,<br>
+<span class = "subhead"><i>Doubles</i> and <i>Singles</i>.</span></h4>
+
+<p>The Whole-<i>Hunt</i> is the <i>Treble</i>, who lyeth four times
+before, and as many behind, and twice in every other place: The two hind
+<i>bells</i> continue dodging, when the <i>Treble</i> moves down out of
+the
+<span class = "pagenum">159</span>
+<i>Fifth</i> place, till he comes there again, the <i>bell</i> in the
+<i>Fourth</i> place lying still all the while: When the two hind
+<i>bells</i> aforesaid leave dodging, then the two <i>First bells</i>
+take their dodging places, till dispossessed again, by the return of the
+said Hind <i>bells</i> to their dodging; and then they Cease.</p>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3465<br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3456<br>
+23<span class = "hunt">1</span>465<br>
+23<span class = "hunt">1</span>456<br>
+234<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<br>
+234<span class = "hunt">1</span>56<br>
+2435<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+4235<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+24356<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+42356<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+24536<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+42536<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+&nbsp;<br>
+2453<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+4253<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+452<span class = "hunt">1</span>36<br>
+452<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<br>
+45<span class = "hunt">1</span>236<br>
+45<span class = "hunt">1</span>263<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>5236<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>5263<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>45236<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>45263<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>54236<br>
+<span class = "underline"><span class = "hunt">1</span>54263</span><br>
+126543<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+126534<br>
+162543<br>
+<span class = "underline">162534</span><br>
+153624<br>
+153642<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+156324<br>
+<span class = "underline">156342</span><br>
+134562<br>
+134526<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+135462<br>
+<span class = "underline">135426</span><br>
+142356<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+142365<br>
+124356<br>
+<span class = "underline">124365</span><br>
+136245<br>
+136254<br>
+163245<br>
+<span class = "underline">163254</span><br>
+125634<br>
+125643<br>
+152634<br>
+<span class = "underline">1526<ins class = "correction"
+title = "text reads ‘34’">43</ins></span><br>
+164523<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+164532<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+165423<br>
+<span class = "underline">165432</span><br>
+143652<br>
+143625<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+146352<br>
+<span class = "underline">146325</span><br>
+132465<br>
+132456<br>
+123465<br>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">160</span>
+<p>This will go 120, and by making <i>bobs</i>, 240, 360, or 720.</p>
+
+
+<h5><i>Colledge Bobs.</i></h5>
+
+<p>In this <i>bob</i>, when the <i>Treble</i> leaves the two Hind
+<i>bells</i>, they dodge till it comes there again, and till the
+<i>Treble</i> gives way for the dodging again of the said two Hind
+<i>bells</i>, the two <i>First bells</i> dodge, but after Cease dodging,
+when the two Hind <i>bells</i> dodge.</p>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4365<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>24356<br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3465<br>
+23<span class = "hunt">1</span>456<br>
+324<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<br>
+32<span class = "hunt">1</span>456<br>
+234<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<br>
+2436<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br>
+42635<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+2463<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br>
+42365<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+24635<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+4236<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br>
+24365<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+4263<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br>
+462<span class = "hunt">1</span>35<br>
+64<span class = "hunt">1</span>253<br>
+642<span class = "hunt">1</span>35<br>
+46<span class = "hunt">1</span>253<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>6235<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>42653<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>2635<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>46253<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>42635<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>6253<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>46235<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>2653<br>
+42<span class = "hunt">1</span>635<br>
+246<span class = "hunt">1</span>53<br>
+24<span class = "hunt">1</span>635<br>
+426<span class = "hunt">1</span>53<br>
+4625<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br>
+<i>&amp;c.</i><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+165432<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">156423</span><br>
+143526<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">134562</span><br>
+152364<br>
+<span class = "pagenum">161</span>
+<span class = "underline">153246</span><br>
+126543<br>
+<span class = "underline">125634</span><br>
+164235<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">162453</span><br>
+143652<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">134625</span><br>
+165324<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">156342</span><br>
+132546<br>
+<span class = "underline">135264</span><br>
+124365<br>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<h5><i>Another.</i></h5>
+
+<p>Here, every <i>bell</i>, when it comes to lead, makes a dodge before,
+then after one <i>Change</i>, it lyeth still; after it has made another
+dodge, it moves up into the <i>4th.</i> place, where twice it lyeth
+still; and down again; except the <i>Treble</i> happens to dodge with it
+in the <i>4th.</i> place, then it <i>Hunts</i> up behind. When the
+<i>Treble</i> moves down out of the <i>3d.</i> place, the two
+<i>bells</i> in the <i>3d.</i> and <i>4th.</i> place continue there,
+till the <i>Treble</i> comes up thither again, the two hind <i>bells</i>
+dodging in the mean time.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">162</span>
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4365<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>24356<br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3465<br>
+23<span class = "hunt">1</span>645<br>
+326<span class = "hunt">1</span>54<br>
+23<span class = "hunt">1</span>654<br>
+326<span class = "hunt">1</span>45<br>
+3624<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br>
+63425<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+3642<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br>
+63245<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+62354<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+2653<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br>
+62534<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+2635<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br>
+236<span class = "hunt">1</span>54<br>
+32<span class = "hunt">1</span>645<br>
+236<span class = "hunt">1</span>45<br>
+32<span class = "hunt">1</span>654<br>
+3<span class = "hunt">1</span>2564<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>35246<br>
+3<span class = "hunt">1</span>5264<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>32546<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>35264<br>
+3<span class = "hunt">1</span>2546<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>32564<br>
+3<span class = "hunt">1</span>5246<br>
+35<span class = "hunt">1</span>426<br>
+534<span class = "hunt">1</span>62<br>
+35<span class = "hunt">1</span>462<br>
+534<span class = "hunt">1</span>26<br>
+<i>&amp;c.</i><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+153624<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">135642</span><br>
+153462<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">135426</span><br>
+153246<br>
+<span class = "underline">152364</span><br>
+125634<br>
+<span class = "underline">126543</span><br>
+162453<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">164235</span><br>
+146325<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">164352</span><br>
+146532<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">164523</span><br>
+146253<br>
+<span class = "underline">142635</span><br>
+124365<br>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Both these <i>bobs</i> will go <i>One Hundred</i> and <i>Twenty
+Changes</i>, and by making of <i>bobs</i>, they will go, 240, 360, or
+720. And thus with little Variatio<span class = "missing">n,
+there</span> are other <i>bobs</i> may be made after the same manner,
+and afford as Admirable Musick, as possibly can be made on <i>bells</i>.
+I&nbsp;shall therefore hasten to finish this dayes Work, only first
+present you with this one more called,</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">163</span>
+<h4>The City Delight:<br>
+<span class = "subhead"><i>Doubles</i> and <i>Singles</i>.</span></h4>
+
+<p>The whole <i>Hunt</i> is the <i>Treble</i>, and lieth as before in
+the <i>Nightingale</i>: When the <i>Treble</i> moves out of the
+<i>3d.</i> place, the <i>Singles</i> are made in the <i>2d.</i> and
+<i>3d.</i> places, till the <i>Treble</i> repossesses his <i>3d</i>
+place, and then behind, till it moves up again out of the <i>3d.</i>
+place. The two Hind <i>bells</i> dodge, when the <i>Treble</i> moves out
+of the <i>4th.</i> place, till he returns again; the <i>bell</i> in the
+<i>4th.</i> place lying still all the while.</p>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3465<br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3456<br>
+23<span class = "hunt">1</span>465<br>
+23<span class = "hunt">1</span>456<br>
+234<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<br>
+234<span class = "hunt">1</span>56<br>
+243<span class = "hunt">1</span>56<br> <!-- wrong? -->
+2346<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br>
+2436<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br>
+24635<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+26435<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+24653<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+26435<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+2654<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br>
+2564<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br>
+265<span class = "hunt">1</span>43<br>
+256<span class = "hunt">1</span>43<br>
+25<span class = "hunt">1</span>634<br>
+25<span class = "hunt">1</span>643<br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>5634<br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>5643<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>25634<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>25643<br>
+152634<br>
+<span class = "underline">152643</span><br>
+154326<br>
+154362<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+153426<br>
+<span class = "underline">153462</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+156234<br>
+156243<br>
+165234<br>
+<span class = "underline">165243</span><br>
+164352<br>
+164325<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+163452<br>
+<span class = "underline">163425</span><br>
+162534<br>
+162543<br>
+126534<br>
+<span class = "underline">126543</span><br>
+124365<br>
+124356<br>
+142365<br>
+<span class = "underline">142356</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+145623<br>
+145632<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+146523<br>
+<span class = "underline">146532</span><br>
+143265<br>
+143256<br>
+134265<br>
+<span class = "underline">134256</span><br>
+135642<br>
+135624<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+136542<br>
+<span class = "underline">136524</span><br>
+132465<br>
+132456<br>
+123465<br>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">164</span>
+<p>This will go as many <i>Changes</i> as the last mentioned, by making
+<i>bobs</i>. And here I will shut up this dayes Peal, upon Six Bells
+with</p>
+
+
+<h4>The Evening Delight.<br>
+<span class = "subhead"><i>Doubles</i> and <i>Singles</i>.</span></h4>
+
+<p>The Whole-<i>Hunt</i> is the <i>Treble</i>, and lyes as before
+specified, with this exception only: That it dodges in the <i>2d.</i>
+and <i>3d.</i> places, every time it <i>Hunts</i> up, and down. Observe
+when <i>Treble</i> goes to lead, and leaves of leading, the <i>bells</i>
+in the <i>3d.</i> and <i>4th.</i> places lye still, <i>&amp;c.</i> Note
+the pricking this <i>Peal</i>.</p>
+
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3465<br>
+23<span class = "hunt">1</span>465<br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3645<br>
+23<span class = "hunt">1</span>645<br>
+236<span class = "hunt">1</span>54<br>
+263<span class = "hunt">1</span>54<br>
+2365<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br>
+2635<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br>
+2653<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br>
+25634<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+26543<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+25643<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+2546<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+2456<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br>
+254<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<br>
+245<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<br>
+24<span class = "hunt">1</span>536<br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4536<br>
+24<span class = "hunt">1</span>356<br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4356<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>24365<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>42365<br>
+124635<br>
+<span class = "underline">142635</span><br>
+146253<br>
+164235<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+146253<br>
+<span class = "underline">164235</span><br>
+162453<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+126453<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+162435<br>
+<span class = "underline">126435</span><br>
+124653<br>
+142653<br>
+124563<br>
+<span class = "underline">142563</span><br>
+145236<br>
+154236<br>
+145326<br>
+<span class = "underline">154326</span><br>
+<span class = "pagenum">165</span>
+153462<br>
+135462<br>
+153642<br>
+<span class = "underline">135642</span><br>
+136524<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+163524<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+136542<br>
+<span class = "underline">163542</span><br>
+165324<br>
+156324<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+165342<br>
+<span class = "underline">156342</span><br>
+153624<br>
+135624<br>
+153264<br>
+<span class = "underline">135264</span><br>
+132546<br>
+123546<br>
+132456<br>
+<span class = "underline">123456</span><br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>This Peal will go 120 <i>Changes</i>, and by making <i>bobs</i>, as
+many as above.</p>
+
+<p>Note that in all the foregoing Peals upon <i>Six bells</i>, the
+<i>bobs</i> are double <i>Changes</i>, and made alwayes at the leadings
+of the <i>Whole-Hunt</i>. He that Rings the <i>Half-Hunt</i>, may best
+call <i>bob</i> in all Peales.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+I come now to the <i>Changes</i> upon Seven <i>bells</i>, which though
+the seldom Practice of them might excuse my omitting them; yet because I
+promised to say somewhat of them, I&nbsp;shall be as good as my Word,
+(the Character of an Honest man) and present you with a couple of
+Examples, and then proceed to <i>Peales</i> upon <i>Eight</i>: But this
+I must crave leave to premise, That Variety of <i>Changes</i> may be
+prick’d upon Seven <i>bells</i>, as <i>Triples</i>, and <i>Doubles</i>,
+<i>Triples Doubles</i>, and <i>Single Doubles</i>, &amp;c.
+<span class = "pagenum">166</span>
+and the same Methods may be prick’d upon <i>Seven</i>, as may be upon
+<i>Five</i>, the true difference of Proportion being observed; but to
+proceed.</p>
+
+
+<h5><i>Dodging Triples.</i></h5>
+
+<p><i>Triples</i> and <i>Doubles</i>, and indeed all <i>Peals</i> upon
+Six, may likewise go upon Seven <i>Bells</i>, thus,</p>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">1234567</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt2">3</span>576<br>
+24<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">3</span>67<br>
+425<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span>76<br>
+452<span class = "hunt2">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>67<br>
+54<span class = "hunt2">3</span>26<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br>
+452<span class = "hunt2">3</span>67<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+54<span class = "hunt2">3</span>276<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+452<span class = "hunt2">3</span>7<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+54<span class = "hunt2">3</span>2<span class = "hunt">1</span>76<br>
+5<span class = "hunt2">3</span>4<span class = "hunt">1</span>267<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>4276<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>52467<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span>25476<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span>52746<br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<h5>Plain Triples.</h5>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">1234567</span><br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt2">3</span>657<br>
+24<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt2">3</span>75<br>
+426<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<br>
+4627<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">3</span><br>
+64725<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span><br>
+67452<span class = "hunt2">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+7654<span class = "hunt2">3</span>2<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+756<span class = "hunt2">3</span>4<span class = "hunt">1</span>2<br>
+57<span class = "hunt2">3</span>6<span class = "hunt">1</span>42<br>
+5<span class = "hunt2">3</span>7<span class = "hunt">1</span>624<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>7264<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>52746<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span>25476<br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>In this all the Bells have a Hunting <i>Course</i>.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">167</span>
+<h5><i>Colledge Triples</i>, dodging before, and behind.</h5>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">1234567</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt2">3</span>576<br>
+24<span class = "hunt">1</span><ins class = "correction"
+title = "text reads ‘535’">5<span class = "hunt2">3</span>6</ins>7<br>
+425<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span>76<br>
+245<span class = "hunt2">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>67<br>
+42<span class = "hunt2">3</span>56<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br>
+24<span class = "hunt2">3</span>657<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+426<span class = "hunt2">3</span>75<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+2467<span class = "hunt2">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br>
+4276<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<br>
+247<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<span class = "hunt2">3</span><br>
+42<span class = "hunt">1</span>76<span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>2675<span class = "hunt2">3</span><br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>4627<span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>46725<span class = "hunt2">3</span><br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>762<span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<br>
+47<span class = "hunt">1</span>265<span class = "hunt2">3</span><br>
+742<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<br>
+4726<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">3</span><br>
+74625<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span><br>
+47652<span class = "hunt2">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>This <i>Peal</i> thus prick’t, will go, 84 <i>Changes</i>, and the
+<i>Treble</i> leading, and the <i>Half Hunt</i> lying next it, and a
+parting <i>Change</i> (which is a <i>Double</i> on the four middlemost
+of the Six hind <i>Bells</i>) being made, it will go 420, and by making
+<i>bobs</i>, 5040.</p>
+
+<p>Thus much shall suffice for <i>Peales</i> upon Seven <i>Bells</i>,
+I&nbsp;proceed to <i>Changes</i> upon <i>Eight</i>.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">168</span>
+<h5><i>Peals of Eight Bells.</i></h5>
+
+<p>Without amusing our selves with what Notes are most <i>Musical</i>,
+to <i>lye behind</i>, we will come to the matter of Fact; for those
+Methods of <i>Peals</i> that are prick’t on <i>Six</i>, may be the same
+upon <i>Eight</i>, Observing only, that <i>Triples</i> and
+<i>Doubles</i> upon <i>Six</i>, must be <i>Quadruples</i>, and
+<i>Triples</i> upon <i>Eight</i>. <i>Doubles</i> upon <i>Six</i>, must
+be <i>Triples</i> upon <i>Eight</i>, &amp;c. Now then to our purpose of
+Demonstration; We generally give preference to things, as they are
+dignified with some eminent Title, and are ready to suppose they may
+have something more than ordinary, that merits such Esteem, whereof the
+Title is but a Sign, or Token; which Custome induced me to head my
+Discourse upon <i>Changes</i> on <i>Eight Bells</i>, with that which
+carries the most <i>Swelling</i> Title.</p>
+
+
+<h4>The Imperial Bob:<br>
+<span class = "subhead"><i>Quadruples</i> and
+<i>Triples</i>.</span></h4>
+
+<p>The <i>Treble</i> hath a dodging <i>Course</i>, the two first, and
+two last <i>Bells</i> always dodge, till hindred by the <i>Treble</i>,
+the
+<span class = "pagenum">169</span>
+<span class = "folionum">I</span>
+two next to these, lying still one <i>Change</i>, dodge the next, till
+the <i>Treble</i> hinders them too. Those in the 5th. and 6th. places
+dodge (the Treble being behind) and those in the 3d. and 4th. places
+likewise dodge (the Treble being before) and so till hindered by the
+Treble.</p>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>436587<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>2346578<br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>436587<br>
+24<span class = "hunt">1</span>36578<br>
+423<span class = "hunt">1</span>5687<br>
+24<span class = "hunt">1</span>35678<br>
+423<span class = "hunt">1</span>6587<br>
+2436<span class = "hunt">1</span>578<br>
+42635<span class = "hunt">1</span>87<br>
+2463<span class = "hunt">1</span>578<br>
+42365<span class = "hunt">1</span>87<br>
+246358<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br>
+4236857<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+243658<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br>
+4263857<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+2436587<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+426385<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br>
+2463587<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+423685<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br>
+24638<span class = "hunt">1</span>57<br>
+4236<span class = "hunt">1</span>875<br>
+24368<span class = "hunt">1</span>57<br>
+4263<span class = "hunt">1</span>875<br>
+246<span class = "hunt">1</span>3857<br>
+42<span class = "hunt">1</span>68375<br>
+246<span class = "hunt">1</span>8357<br>
+42<span class = "hunt">1</span>63857<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>268357<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>4623875<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>263857<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>4628375<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>4263857<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>628375<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>4268357<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>623875<br>
+46<span class = "hunt">1</span>28357<br>
+642<span class = "hunt">1</span>3875<br>
+46<span class = "hunt">1</span>23857<br>
+642<span class = "hunt">1</span>8375<br>
+4628<span class = "hunt">1</span>357<br>
+<i>&amp;c.</i><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+16847253<br>
+<span class = "underline">16482735</span><br>
+18765432<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">17864523</span><br>
+16573824<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">15678342</span><br>
+17352648<br>
+<span class = "pagenum">170</span>
+<span class = "underline">17536284</span><br>
+13274586<br>
+<span class = "underline">13725468</span><br>
+12438765<br>
+<span class = "underline">12347856</span><br>
+14826357<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">14283675</span><br>
+18645273<br>
+<span class = "underline">18462537</span><br>
+16587432<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">15684732</span><br>
+18753624<br>
+<i>bob.</i><br>
+<span class = "underline">17856342</span><br>
+15372846<br>
+<span class = "underline">15738264</span><br>
+13254768<br>
+<span class = "underline">13527486</span><br>
+12436587<br>
+<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>By this method, the Peal will go 224 Changes, and by making of Bobs
+it will go 448, 672, 1344. The Bob is a <i>Triple</i> Change at the
+Leading of the Treble, wherein the Bell in the <i>Fourth</i> place lies
+still.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+The next that comes to our Observation, and answers to what we first
+hinted at in the beginning of this discourse of Peals upon <i>Eight</i>
+Bells I mean <i>Precedency in Title</i>, is the</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">171</span>
+<span class = "folionum">I2</span>
+
+<h4>Bob Major.<br>
+<span class = "subhead"><i>Plain Quadruples</i> and
+<i>Triples</i>.</span></h4>
+
+<p>In this all the <i>Bells</i> have a direct <i>Hunting Course</i>,
+until the Treble leads, and then the six hindmost <i>Bells</i>
+dodge.</p>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class
+= "hunt3">3</span>6587<br>
+<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class
+= "hunt3">3</span>857<br>
+4<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<span class = "hunt">1</span>8<span
+class = "hunt3">3</span>75<br>
+46<span class = "hunt2">2</span>8<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<span
+class = "hunt3">3</span>5<br>
+648<span class = "hunt2">2</span>7<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span
+class = "hunt3">3</span><br>
+6847<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span><span
+class = "hunt3">3</span><br>
+86745<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span><span
+class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+87654<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span><span
+class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+7856<span class = "hunt3">3</span>4<span class = "hunt">1</span><span
+class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+758<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span
+class = "hunt2">2</span><br>
+57<span class = "hunt3">3</span>8<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span
+class = "hunt2">2</span>4<br>
+5<span class = "hunt3">3</span>7<span class = "hunt">1</span>8<span
+class = "hunt2">2</span>64<br>
+<span class = "hunt3">3</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<span class
+= "hunt2">2</span>846<br>
+3<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">2</span>7486<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<span class = "hunt2">2</span>54768<br>
+3<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">2</span>7486<br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>By this method this will go 112. And by making <i>Bobs</i>, 224, 336,
+or 672. The <i>Bob</i> is a <i>Triple Change</i>, as in the foregoing
+<i>Imperial</i> is specified. By making two <i>Extreams</i> it will go
+1344, and with four <i>Extreams</i>, 2688.</p>
+
+<p>All Peals upon six Bells, wherein half the Changes are
+<i>Triples</i>, will go upon <i>Eight</i> according the method
+before-going, thus; If it be a Peal
+<span class = "pagenum">172</span>
+upon <i>Six</i>, consisting of 360, or 720 Changes, then there must be
+five <i>Hunts</i> in the Ringing of it upon <i>Eight</i>, the Treble
+being the first, 2 the Second, <i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+
+
+<h4>Colledge Bob Major.<br>
+<span class = "subhead"><i>Quadruples</i> and
+<i>Triples</i>.</span></h4>
+
+<p>There is four wayes of Pricking these. The first hath single Dodging
+behind, and is thus Peal’d.</p>
+
+
+<h5>The First.</h5>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6587<br>
+24<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt3">3</span>578<br>
+426<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt3">3</span>87<br>
+4625<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>78<br>
+6452<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>87<br>
+654<span class = "hunt3">3</span>28<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br>
+56<span class = "hunt3">3</span>4827<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+5<span class = "hunt3">3</span>68472<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+<span class = "hunt3">3</span>58674<span class = "hunt">1</span>2<br>
+<span class = "hunt3">3</span>8576<span class = "hunt">1</span>42<br>
+8<span class = "hunt3">3</span>75<span class = "hunt">1</span>624<br>
+87<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>5642<br>
+78<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>6524<br>
+7<span class = "hunt">1</span>86<span class = "hunt3">3</span>542<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>7685<span class = "hunt3">3</span>24<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>6758<span class = "hunt3">3</span>42<br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">173</span>
+<span class = "folionum">I3</span>
+<h5>The Second.</h5>
+
+<p>This hath Single Dodging before and behind, thus prickt.</p>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6587<br>
+24<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt3">3</span>578<br>
+426<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt3">3</span>87<br>
+2465<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>78<br>
+4256<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>87<br>
+245<span class = "hunt3">3</span>68<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br>
+42<span class = "hunt3">3</span>5867<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+24<span class = "hunt3">3</span>8576<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+428<span class = "hunt3">3</span>75<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br>
+2487<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>56<br>
+4278<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>65<br>
+247<span class = "hunt">1</span>8<span class = "hunt3">3</span>56<br>
+42<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<span class = "hunt3">3</span>865<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>2<span class = "hunt3">3</span>7856<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt3">3</span>28765<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>482756<br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<h5>The Third.</h5>
+
+<p>This hath double Dodging behind, thus Prickt.</p>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6587<br>
+24<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>5678<br>
+42<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>6587<br>
+4<span class = "hunt3">3</span>26<span class = "hunt">1</span>578<br>
+<span class = "hunt3">3</span>4625<span class = "hunt">1</span>87<br>
+<span class = "hunt3">3</span>64528<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br>
+6<span class = "hunt3">3</span>54827<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+65<span class = "hunt3">3</span>8472<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+568<span class = "hunt3">3</span>74<span class = "hunt">1</span>2<br>
+5867<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>42<br>
+8576<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>24<br>
+872<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt3">3</span>42<br>
+78<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt3">3</span>624<br>
+7<span class = "hunt">1</span>856<span class = "hunt3">3</span>42<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>758<span class = "hunt3">3</span>624<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>5786<span class = "hunt3">3</span>42<br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">174</span>
+<h5>The Fourth.</h5>
+
+<p>This hath double Dodging before and behind both thus.</p>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6587<br>
+24<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>5678<br>
+42<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>6587<br>
+24<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6<span class = "hunt">1</span>578<br>
+426<span class = "hunt3">3</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>87<br>
+24<span class = "hunt3">3</span>658<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br>
+426<span class = "hunt3">3</span>857<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+24<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6875<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+426<span class = "hunt3">3</span>78<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br>
+24<span class = "hunt3">3</span>67<span class = "hunt">1</span>85<br>
+426<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>758<br>
+246<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>785<br>
+42<span class = "hunt">1</span>67<span class = "hunt3">3</span>58<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>26<span class = "hunt3">3</span>785<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>4627<span class = "hunt3">3</span>58<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>642<span class = "hunt3">3</span>785<br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>These may be prick’t several other wayes, but that I Omit here for
+Brevities sake; The <i>Dodging</i> is without Intermission, except an
+hinderance comes by the <i>Treble</i>; as likewise between two Bells,
+until <i>Treble</i> parts the Fray. The <i>Bobs</i> are <i>Triple
+Changes</i>, as the <i>Treble</i> leads; in the <i>1st.</i> <i>2d.</i>
+and <i>6th.</i> the Bell in the <i>4th.</i> place lies still at the
+<i>Bobs</i>, and in the <i>3d.</i> <i>4th.</i> and <i>5th.</i> that in
+the <i>2d.</i> place lies still.</p>
+
+<p>Each of these will go 112 Changes, and by making Bobs 224, 336, or
+672.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">175</span>
+<span class = "folionum">I4</span>
+<h5>Colledge Triples Dodging both before and behind.</h5>
+
+<p>This Peal is the same for <i>Bobs</i>, as the <i>Bob Major</i>, and
+will go as many Changes by making Bobs, or otherwise, as any of the
+foregoing Four, and is thus Peal’d.</p>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>436587<br>
+24<span class = "hunt">1</span>53678<br>
+425<span class = "hunt">1</span>3687<br>
+2453<span class = "hunt">1</span>678<br>
+42536<span class = "hunt">1</span>87<br>
+245638<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br>
+4256837<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+2458673<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+425876<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br>
+24578<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<br>
+4257<span class = "hunt">1</span>836<br>
+245<span class = "hunt">1</span>7863<br>
+42<span class = "hunt">1</span>57836<br>
+4<span class = "hunt">1</span>275863<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>4725836<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>7452863<br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">176</span>
+<h4>The Wild-Goose Chace<br>
+<span class = "subhead"><i>Triples.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>The Explanation shall follow the Peal; intending here to put an end
+to my <i>Epitome</i> of the <i>Art of Ringing</i>, and therefore shall
+first present you with this Prick’t thus.</p>
+
+<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart">
+<tr>
+<td>
+<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br>
+2<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6784<br>
+25<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt3">3</span>748<br>
+526<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>784<br>
+562<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>748<br>
+65<span class = "hunt3">3</span>27<span class = "hunt">1</span>84<br>
+6<span class = "hunt3">3</span>5728<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br>
+<span class = "hunt3">3</span>675824<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+</td>
+<td>
+<span class = "hunt3">3</span>762548<span class = "hunt">1</span><br>
+7<span class = "hunt3">3</span>2654<span class = "hunt">1</span>8<br>
+72<span class = "hunt3">3</span>56<span class = "hunt">1</span>48<br>
+275<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>684<br>
+257<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>648<br>
+52<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<span class = "hunt3">3</span>684<br>
+5<span class = "hunt">1</span>2<span class = "hunt3">3</span>7648<br>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt3">3</span>27684<br>
+</td>
+<td>
+<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>572648<br>
+<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>752684<br>
+<span class = "hunt3">3</span>7<span class = "hunt">1</span>25648<br>
+7<span class = "hunt3">3</span>2<span class = "hunt">1</span>5684<br>
+72<span class = "hunt3">3</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>648<br>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>In this Change the 4th. Bell must first hunt up into the Sevenths
+place, and then the 4 and 8 alwayes dodge behind throughout the Peal,
+unless when obstructed by the <i>Treble</i>. The Bell that moves up into
+the 6th. place, when the <i>Treble</i> moves thence down, lies still
+there, till displaced by the <i>Treble</i>; during
+<span class = "pagenum">177</span>
+<span class = "folionum">I5</span>
+which time the two hind Bells dodge, and the <i>five first</i> go a
+perfect <i>Hunting-Course</i>: And when likewise the <i>Treble</i>
+moveth out the 5th. place the five first Bells go a
+<i>Hunting-Course</i>, till it comes down there again: By this method it
+will go 80 Changes, and by <i>Bobs</i> 160, 240, or 480. The <i>Bob</i>
+is made as in the foregoing Changes.</p>
+
+<p>And here I thought to make an end of the Art of Ringing, but
+<i>Cynthius aurem vellit</i>, the young Practitioner, whose only
+Information is hereby aimed at, plucks me by the Sleeve, and tells me in
+the Ear, That tho Peals upon six, as <i>Triples</i> and <i>Doubles</i>,
+&amp;c. make excellent Musick upon Eight <i>Bells</i>, 4&nbsp;8,
+6&nbsp;8, 4&nbsp;1, or 1&nbsp;8 lying behind: Or, <i>Triples</i> and
+<i>Doubles</i> upon the six middle <i>Bells</i>, the <i>Tennor</i> lying
+behind; yet for him who is not arrived to such a perfection of Skill, at
+to Ring these compleat Peals, the most proper and easy for him are
+<i>Set-Changes</i>, which are founded on these <i>Grounds</i>.</p>
+
+<p>First, <i>Placing the Bells Fifths</i>; thus: The 4 must hunt up
+behind the&nbsp;7, the&nbsp;3, behind the&nbsp;6, and the 2 behind
+the&nbsp;5; Or the one may hunt down under the other, as the 5 under
+the&nbsp;2, the 6
+<span class = "pagenum">178</span>
+under&nbsp;3, and 7 under&nbsp;4: Or if you will, first let a
+<i>Single</i>, next a <i>Double</i>, and then a <i>Triple</i> Change be
+made on the Middle <i>Bells</i>, all coming to the same effect; for then
+the Changes will lye <i>Fifths</i> thus, 1&nbsp;5, 2&nbsp;6, 3&nbsp;7,
+4&nbsp;8. In the Peal four <i>Concords</i> are to be regarded, The first
+1&nbsp;5; the second 2&nbsp;6. the third 3&nbsp;7. and the fourth
+4&nbsp;8.</p>
+
+<p>These four <i>Concords</i> may go the Methods of any Changes upon
+four <i>Bells</i>; 1,&nbsp;5 being taken for the <i>Treble</i>;
+2,&nbsp;6 for the <i>Second</i>; 3,&nbsp;7 for the <i>Third</i>; and
+4,&nbsp;8 <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘for / for’">for</ins> the <i>Fourth</i>; and the <i>Concords</i> may Change
+places with one another, as you list. In which this Observation is
+highly necessary, That the two Notes of every Concord must constantly
+attend each other in their Motion; that is, whenever one of the two
+Notes moves, the other must follow&nbsp;it.</p>
+
+<p>Or Secondly, <i>Place the Bells</i> Thirds; thus: The 6 4 and 2 must
+hunt up, or else the 3&nbsp;5&nbsp;7 down; or otherwise on the middle
+most <i>Bells</i> let a <i>Triple</i>, <i>Double</i> or <i>Single</i>
+Change be made, they are to one effect; and then the <i>Bells</i> will
+lie <i>Thirds</i> thus, 1&nbsp;3. 5&nbsp;7. 2&nbsp;4. 6&nbsp;8. Herein
+are four <i>Concords</i> observable;
+<span class = "pagenum">179</span>
+as in the former Peal, <i>viz</i>, 1&nbsp;3. 5&nbsp;7. 2&nbsp;4.
+6&nbsp;8. These <i>Concords</i> may go the Methods of any Changes upon
+Four <i>Bells</i>, 1,&nbsp;3 being taken for the Treble; 5,&nbsp;7 for
+the Second; 2,&nbsp;4 for the third; and 6,&nbsp;8 for the fourth;
+moving in the same manner as before shewed.</p>
+
+<p>By these <i>Grounds</i> Variety of excellent &amp; Musical Changes
+are to be Rung; <i>Any Concord may be made a Hunt</i>, and to move up
+and down at the begining.</p>
+
+<p>In Ringing these <i>Set-Changes</i>, the Note will lye sometimes
+<i>Fifths</i>, sometimes <i>Thirds</i>, and sometimes <i>both</i>, and
+then to <i>Clam</i> them, is admirable Musick: Clamming is, when each
+<i>Concord</i> strike together; which being done true the 8 will strike
+as but four <i>Bells</i>, &amp; make a Melodious Harmony. You may
+<i>Clam</i> two or three bouts, and then strike as many times Open,
+alternatively, one <i>Clam</i> one Pull, and Open the next,
+<i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+
+<p>Thus much shall suffice for my treating of <ins class = "correction"
+title = "text reads ‘Riging’">Ringing</ins>, and had not the Variety of
+its <i>Theme</i>, in which I was insensibly engaged, invited my Tast of
+something of every thing: I&nbsp;had not enlarged so much as I have; but
+I hope the pleasure
+<span class = "pagenum">180</span>
+it may produce, will attone for my dilating on so delightful a Subject;
+All I have therefore to add is, some <i>Advice</i> to the <i>Ringer</i>,
+in the Lawfull prosecuting this <i>Recreation</i>; and that is this.</p>
+
+<p>When God in <i>Israels Exodus</i> out of <i>Egypt</i>, commanded
+<i>Moses</i> to Consecrate <i>Aaron</i>, and his Sons, and invest them
+with those <i>Pontificial</i> Vestments, according to the Pattern God
+had cut out, it is observable, that the <i>Robe</i> of the <i>Ephod</i>,
+was with a particular Circumstance of Beauty to be Adorned, by hanging
+the <i>Hem</i> of it with <i>Golden Bells</i>, and <i>Pomegranates</i>,
+each placed in an orderly Position, one by another round: This was the
+first institution we can read of, for <ins class = "correction" title =
+"text unchanged: missing ‘of’?">the Use <i>Bells</i></ins> in Sacred
+Offices; but the reason was this: Because in <i>Aarons</i> Ministration
+before God, when he entered into the Holy Place, and when he came out,
+the Sound of the <i>Bells</i> might be heard in the <i>Temple</i>, for a
+<i>Memorial</i> to the Children of his People. This Use of Bells
+continue in the <i>Aaronical</i> Order, to this day. From hence the
+<i>Christian Church</i> likewise (of which the Church under the
+<i>Mosaic</i> Dispensation
+<span class = "pagenum">181</span>
+was but a <i>Type</i>) has made Use of <i>Bells</i>, for the notifying
+the Time when the People are to Assemble, and made a Signal for
+convocating them together to the <i>Temple</i>; and herein differing
+from the <i>Mahometans</i>, in the <i>Steeples</i> of whose
+<i>Temples</i>, are never found any <i>Bells</i>, but <i>Cryers</i>,
+Persons who with a loud Voyce call them to Prayers.</p>
+
+<p>Now then let us make this Use of the Institution of <i>Bells</i>.
+<i>First</i>, Let not only the <i>Musick</i> and <i>Delight</i> the
+<i>Bells</i> give thee, invite thee to come to the <i>Temple</i>, to be
+partaker of that Pleasure they may afford thy Body, but let their
+<i>Musick</i> invite thee to come thither when they call thee, to
+exercise thy Soul in Devotion; to God. Do not let thy frequent coming
+thither on <i>Week-days</i> for thy Diversion, make thee absent thy self
+on <i>Sundays</i> from thy Devotion; but let their Original Use make
+thee mindful of the <i>Sanctum Sanctorum</i>, the most Holy Place. Do
+not let the <i>Sunday</i> Mornings Peal engage thy presence then, and
+the <i>Ale-House</i> have thy company afterwards. Be as quick in hearing
+the <i>Chyming</i> for <i>Prayers</i>, as thou art in the <i>Notes</i>
+for <i>Pleasure</i>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">182</span>
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>When ere the <em>Old-Exchange</em> of Profit Rings,</p>
+<p>Her Silver <em>Saints-Bell</em>, of uncertain Gains,</p>
+<p>Thy Merchant-soul can stretch both <em>Legs &amp; Wings</em>,</p>
+<p>How canst thou run, and take unwearied Pains?</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>And shouldst thou not be as nimble, when the <i>Saints-bell</i> of
+the Church sounds in thy Ears, and calls thee to attend the
+<i>Priest</i>, who now signifyes his entrance into the
+<i>Holy-place</i>, and invites thee to joyn with him in the Sacrifice of
+Prayers and Praises.</p>
+
+<p><i>Secondly</i>, Nor let the Bells be made thy Lullaby, to drown some
+Dissatisfaction, and so makes thee repair to the <i>Belfree</i>, (like
+the <i>Nurse</i> to her <i>Whistle-Bells</i>) to quiet thy disturbed
+mind, and thus (as the Divine Poet excellently expresses it) to silence
+it with</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>Look, Look, What’s here! A dainty Golden thing?</p>
+<p>See how the dancing <em>Bells</em> turn round, and Ring</p>
+<p>To please my <em>Bantling</em>! here’s a <em>Knack</em> will
+breed,</p>
+<p>An hundred Kisses; here’s a <em>Knack</em> indeed,
+<em>&amp;c.</em></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>But let the <i>Altar</i> have thy presence in Communion with God, in
+Prayers for his Grace, and Patience, to support any Calamity that may
+fall upon thee.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lastly</i>, Let the Bells put you in mind
+<span class = "pagenum">183</span>
+to contemplate on <i>Death</i>, and every time you Ring, think how long
+it may be ere one of these may be your turn to have to sound</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>The Nine sad Knolls of a Dull <em>Passing-Bell</em>,</p>
+<p>With the loud Language of a Nightly Knell.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This in short, is the use the <i>Ringer</i> ought to make of this his
+Recreation, which if he makes duly and rightly, he may then Lawfully
+enjoy all the Benefit he can desire from it. And here I shall make an
+end of this Observation by way of Advice to the <i>Ringer</i>, which
+perhaps coming amongst Recreations may look unseasonable; But I know (at
+least presume) if I meet with an ingenious Reader, I&nbsp;shall need no
+Apology, for playing the Divine, in the directing the good Use of our
+Pleasures, and aiming at the furtherance of Virtue in all our
+Actions.</p>
+
+<p>Thus much for <i>Ringing</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">184</span>
+
+<p class = "illustration">
+<a name = "billiards" id = "billiards" href = "#titlepage">
+<img src = "images/hd_billiards.png" width = "275" height = "43"
+alt = "Of Billiards"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+<p><i><span class = "firstletter">I</span>taly</i> is asserted by
+universal Consent, to have been the Country whence this Recreation took
+its Birth and Original; and indeed ’tis no wonder that she who is called
+the <i>Queen</i> or <i>Empress of the World</i>, the <i>Mistress of the
+Nations</i>, nay <i>the Paradise of the World</i>, should yield such Art
+and Ingenuity, and gentile Cunning, as her proper Product:
+A&nbsp;Country whose Inhabitants for their <i>Gravity</i>,
+<i>Respectiveness</i>, and <i>Ingenuity</i> will ever stand Chronicled
+in the Books of Fame. A&nbsp;People that are <i>obedient</i> to their
+<i>Superiors</i>, <i>Courteous</i> to their Inferiors, full of all
+<i>Civility</i> to their Equals, <i>Affable</i> to Strangers, and most
+desirous by all fair and friendly Offices to win their Love. In their
+<i>Apparel</i> fine and modest, in their <i>Furniture</i> of their
+Houses sumptuous, and at their <i>Tables</i> neat, sober in
+<i>Speech</i>, Enemies of all <i>ill Reports</i> of others, and so
+tender of their own <i>Reputation</i>, that whosoever Slanders any one,
+and it reach the Parties Ear, the Slanderer
+<span class = "pagenum">185</span>
+certainly dies for it: <i>Thrifty</i> they are generally of their Money
+and Expence, and love no more Cost, than what they are sure to Save by,
+or have great Thanks for; but otherwise for civil Behaviour and
+Deportment, surpassing all the Gentry of the World besides. But one
+thing I dare not omit in this Character of them, <i>viz.</i> That they
+are extream <i>Jealous of their Wives</i>; and indeed not without some
+reason, if what is spoken proverbially of their Women, be true, That
+they are as <i>Magpies</i> at the door, <i>Saints</i> in the Church,
+<i>Goats</i> in the Garden, <i>Devils</i> in the House, <i>Angels</i> in
+the Streets, and <i>Syrens</i> at the Windows; if Nature does not make
+them appear Beautiful, Art shall, as Paintings and other sophistical
+Helps; whence comes this Proverb among them, If <i>God make them tall
+and Fat</i> (a&nbsp;<i>goodly</i> Woman being a Title of great Value
+among them) <i>they will make themselves fair</i>. In fine, The Gentry
+are very Rich, live of all Men the most careless and contented Lives,
+keeping the Poor as Drudges and Slaves for them; and as it is said of
+the Tyrant <i>Polycrates</i>, <i>Have nothing to trouble them, but that
+they are troubled with nothing</i>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">186</span>
+<p>Thus I have given you a brief Character of the Inventors of this
+Recreation we are coming to treat of, and hence we may presume, how
+<i>fit</i> such a People as this is, to give Birth to such a Recreation,
+so Gentile, so Cleanly, and so Ingenious, that as their Persons and
+Manners are emulously esteemed, so are their Pastimes ambitiously
+pursued, by most Nations in <i>Europe</i>; and this Sport is hugely
+valued by all in general, few Noblemen’s or private Gentlemen’s
+Families, nor few noted Towns in <i>England</i>, but have <i>Billiard
+Tables</i>, and admire the Excellency of it, both for the Exercise of
+the Body, and the Recreation of the Mind. But to the Matter in hand.</p>
+
+<p><i>First</i> then, He that would rightly understand this excellent
+Pastime, must be very careful of the <i>Form</i> and <i>Make of the
+Table</i>, and the right ordering, framing, and fitting it for the Game,
+which is known by these ensuing Marks.</p>
+
+<p>1. The <i>Form</i> of a <i>Billiard Table</i> ought to be
+<i>Oblong</i>, that is to say, somewhat longer than it is broad; Both
+the length and breadth being left to your Discretion to make;
+proportionable to the Room you design it for; It ought to be
+<i>railed</i> round, and this
+<span class = "pagenum">187</span>
+Rail or Ledge a little swelled or stufft with fine Flox or Cotton, that
+may yield to the Ball when struck against it, and expedites rather than
+deads the Flight of the Ball; though that happens according to the
+Violence of the Stroke or Push: The <i>Superficies</i> of the Table
+ought to be covered with Green fine Cloath, clean and free from Knots:
+The Board must be levelled as exactly as is possible for the Eye and
+Hand of the most curious Joyner to Level, to the end your Ball may run
+true upon any part of the Table, without leaning or declining to any
+side of it: I&nbsp;must confess I do believe there are few have been so
+careful in this last thing, as they ought, because they have not timely
+foreseen, if the Boards, whereof the Table is made, be
+<i>well-seasoned</i>, and not subject to <i>Warp</i>, and that the
+<i>Floor</i> whereon it stands be even and level; so that through the
+Ill-seasonedness of the one, or Unevennes of the other, as likewise in
+time by the weight of the Table, and the Gamesters yielding and giving
+way, there are very few found true. And indeed without a Table be
+exactly true, a&nbsp;good Gamester can never shew the Excellency of his
+<span class = "pagenum">188</span>
+Skill and Art, but a very Bungler sometimes, by being well acquainted
+with the Turnings and Windings of a false Table, may beat a good
+Gamester with great vexation and shame, who otherwise would have given
+him any odds whatsoever. Therefore let me tell you, it will conduce as
+much to the Interest of the Master of the House, where a <i>Billiard
+Table</i> is kept, to see that it be well and truly levelled and kept,
+as it does to the Pleasure and satisfaction of a good Gamester, whose
+Skill is best seen and exhibited on such Tables, and never comes
+unattended with Company and Profit to the House, by his Recommendation
+he gives abroad of it. And now let us proceed to the rest of its parts,
+and fit it for our Play; and then let’s to’t as you list.</p>
+
+<p>2. The four Corners of the Table must be furnished with <i>four
+Holes</i>, and exactly in the middle of each side <i>one Hole</i>, and
+these Holes must be hung at the bottoms with <i>Nets</i>, Which Holes
+are named <i>Hazards</i>, because if either by Skill or Chance one
+Gamester strikes anothers Ball into these Holes, or Hazards, as we will
+now call them, he wins One; the <i>Nets</i> are made to receive
+<span class = "pagenum">189</span>
+the Ball, and keep them from falling to the Ground when hazarded; and
+indeed is a very commendable way, far better than <i>Wooden</i> Boxes
+which some use, these being apt to let a Ball to fly out again, when
+they are struck in by a stiff stroke, whereas the Nets keep them safe,
+and makes it impossible for them to rebound.</p>
+
+<p><i>3dly.</i> The other <i>Utensils</i> and <i>Instruments</i>
+belonging to this first part of our Observations of the <i>Billiard
+Table</i>, are 1.&nbsp;An <i>Ivory Port</i>, this must be placed at one
+end of the Table. 2.&nbsp;An <i>Ivory King</i>, which must stand at the
+other end. 3.&nbsp;Two <i>Ivory Balls</i>, which must be compleatly
+round, or no good proof of your Play can be expected. 4.&nbsp;and
+Lastly, <i>Two Sticks</i> made of <i>Brasile</i>, <i>Lignum-Vitæ</i>, or
+some other weighty Wood, to make them heavy, and at the broad end tipt
+with Ivory: And be sure to observe narrowly, if the <i>Heads</i> be
+tight and fast, for if they should be loose you will never strike a
+smart stroke; and therefore if you fear this Defect, see if your stroke
+be hollow and dead, and your Ball run faintly, these are infallible
+Tokens that your Play will come to nothing without a fresh supply
+<span class = "pagenum">190</span>
+of other Sticks, or the heads of these fixt.</p>
+
+<p>Thus much for the Table, and all the other Implements belonging to
+it, which are necessary for our first Enquiry for the right
+understanding of this Game, I&nbsp;come next to those <i>Rules</i> and
+<i>Measures</i> which are to be observed for the rendring one a Gamester
+at this gentile Game.</p>
+
+<p><i>Secondly</i>, This Game in its <i>Number</i> is, according to the
+<i>Place</i> and <i>Time</i>, when and where it is play’d; for in
+Gentlemens Houses they do not oblige themselves to a certain Number, but
+make as many as they please to admit up without any Restriction: But in
+Houses where part of their Subsistence has a Dependance upon a
+<i>Billiard Table</i>, the Game is <i>Five</i> by Day-light or
+<i>Seven</i>, if odds be given, and <i>Three</i> by Candle-light, or
+more, as the Rule of the House is. Now then having agreed upon what
+number we play, let us learn next how to manage our Game skillfully and
+with Art, and this we may understand by these following Rules.</p>
+
+<p>1. Let us know who must lead, which thus is resolved: You must stand
+on the one side of the Table opposite to
+<span class = "pagenum">191</span>
+the (so called) King, with your Ball laid near the Cushion, and your
+Adversary on the other placed in the like posture; and thus He of the
+two, that comes nearest the King, leads first.</p>
+
+<p><i>2ly.</i> Having gotten the Lead, have a Care how you strike your
+Ball, that at the first stroke you touch not with your Ball the end of
+the Table, leading from the King to the Port, for if you touch it you
+lose One, as you shall observe hereafter in the Orders. But after the
+first Stroke you need not fear doing it: And you Leader be sure to lead
+so, that you may be in a possibility of passing the Port the next
+Stroke; or else to lye so cunningly, that you may probably hazard your
+Adversaries Ball the very Stroke you play after him.</p>
+
+<p><i>3ly.</i> Generally the first Contest is who shall <i>pass first
+the Port</i>, and herein much Pains is taken, and all the Art and
+Cunning possible used to do it, and sometimes, nay frequently, an
+Opportunity of a <i>Hazard</i> ends the Controversy: Sundry and various,
+as well as very pleasant, are the Policies and Tricks which are here
+used to obstruct each others Pass, as; <i>By turning the Port by
+<span class = "pagenum">192</span>
+a strong clever stroke</i> (the Sticks turning it, it is nothing, but to
+set aright again is the amends, though some would have the severity of
+the Orders inflicted on such an Offence by the Loss of One:) Next by
+<i>laying your Ball</i> (when you see it impossible to pass) <i>in the
+Port</i>, or <i>before your Adversaries Ball</i>, for then let him do
+his utmost, he must Pass after you; if he has Past first, and you dare
+not venture to follow him, as fearing he should in the mean time touch
+the King, and so carry away the End; then you must wait upon him, and
+watch every Opportunity how you may hazard, or king him: Kinging of him
+is, when his Ball lyes in so advantageous a manner, as that if you
+strike his Ball, he must inevitably strike down the King, then you win,
+and prevent the Loss of that End: But with this Caution however, That
+you be careful how you strike, for if you do king him, and your Ball
+happens to fly over the Table, or into a Hazard, you shall lose One
+notwithstanding you have King’d him; and therefore a skillful Precaution
+must ever be had in this, and he that would prevent any such Chance,
+must</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">193</span>
+<span class = "folionum">K</span>
+<p><i>4ly.</i> Have a <i>curious Eye</i>, and a <i>good Judgment</i>, to
+take and quarter just so much of the Ball, that when he intends either
+to King or Hazard his Adversaries Ball, he may with Facility &amp;
+Dexterity effect either. Which Observation must be noted, in passing on
+your Antagonists Ball, or corner of the Port: And indeed some are
+curious Effectors of this part of the Recreation, who with less than a
+fifth part of a Ball, will rarely miss a King or Hazard; which I must
+confess is an excellent part of a compleat Gamester in this Sport.</p>
+
+<p><i>5ly.</i> Be careful that you <i>lay not your hand on the Table</i>
+when you strike, nor let your Sleeve drag upon it, if you do it is a
+Loss; Or if you <i>smoke a Pipe of Spanish or Virginia</i>, being so
+wedded to that Fume, that were you sure to smother all the rest of the
+Company you are insensible of the Indecency, be careful that the Ashes
+fall not on the Table, lest the Cloth be burnt, which many times falls
+out: In these two Cases, let the Mulcts and Forfeitures of both, but
+especially the Hinderance the last gives a Man in the Skillful managing
+his Game, deter you from the lolling slovenly Posture of the first, and
+<span class = "pagenum">194</span>
+the stinking Indecency of the latter; because this Pastime being of a
+neat and cleanly Composition, will not admit any such Irregularities and
+Indecorums, without an absolute Violation of its Laws, and a Punishment
+attending such unhandsome Offences.</p>
+
+<p><i>6thly.</i> As this cleanly Pastime exacts our diligent Care of
+keeping a <i>Decorum</i>, in the prosecuting the same, so does it
+require that we handle our Instruments with a neat and tractable hand,
+dislikes a Clumsey-Fist, which palms the Stick, as if he were handling a
+<i>Plough-share</i>: And therefore when you strike a long stroak, hold
+your stick neatly between your two fore-Fingers and your Thumb, and then
+strike a smart stroak; and by taking a steady and right Aim, (in this
+having your Eye and Judgment about you) you may when you list, either
+fetch back your Adversaries Ball, when he lyes fair for a Pass; or many
+times, when he lyes behind the <i>King</i>, and you at the other end of
+the Table, you may by a dextrous management of your stroke, <i>King</i>
+him backward: Both which ways, I&nbsp;must confess, require a great deal
+of Care, and good Play, which
+<span class = "pagenum">195</span>
+<span class = "folionum">K2</span>
+he that would be, or already is, a&nbsp;Gamester, is never wanting in.
+But</p>
+
+<p><i>7thly</i>, If you lye close, then the small end of your Stick, or
+the flat of the big end, raising up one end over your shoulder, is
+practicable and useful, and either of them to be used, as Occasion shall
+require, and as you judge most convenient and proper for the working the
+Effect you Aim&nbsp;at.</p>
+
+<p><i>8thly</i>, There is one Fault, which tho its Demerits perhaps may
+not reach a Forfeiture, yet I must tell you will scarce admit of an
+Excuse, though this I presume is regulated according to the Agreement
+first stipulated between the Gamesters, and this Fault is called
+<i>Raking</i>, <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘i,e,’"><i>i.e.</i></ins> not striking your Ball cleanly, but gliding
+along, as it were; But in this, if you touch your Ball twice, it is a
+loss; as indeed repugnant to all <i>Rule</i> and <i>Method</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>9thly</i>, There is another Caution you are to take at the Port,
+<i>viz.</i> When you jobb your Ball with the great end of your stick
+through the Port, beware that you throw it not down, the doing of it is
+a loss; and therefore be careful to do it so handsomly, that at one
+stroke without turning the
+<span class = "pagenum">196</span>
+Port with your stick (which as I have mentioned before is a fault) you
+accomplish your Intention: But on the contrary observe</p>
+
+<p><i>10thly</i>, It is good play to turn the Port with your
+<i>Ball</i>, (not with your stick) and so hinder your Adversary from
+passing: Nor is it amiss, to make your Adversary a <i>Fornicator</i> if
+it lyes in your Power: I&nbsp;mean to make him a <i>Fornicator</i> is,
+having past your self a little way, and your Adversaries ball being
+hardly through the port, you put him back again, and it may be quite out
+of pass, and so you may the sooner peradventure gain the end, having the
+Advantage of passing, by gently thrusting the other back again.</p>
+
+<p><i>11thly</i>, Let Policy likewise be a guide to you, for obtaining
+the Conquest, and lying a-loof off, and laying a long Hazard sometimes
+for your Antagonist, will be an excellent way to entice and entrap him;
+for that he promising to himself the good fortune of Hazarding you, will
+be induced rashly to adventure at that distance, and supposing to strike
+your Ball, which cunningly lyes (to tempt him to that Venture) near the
+Hazard, is himself caught
+<span class = "pagenum">197</span>
+<span class = "folionum">K3</span>
+in that Trap he thought to throw you into, by reason that the distance,
+deceives his Expectation, and blows up his thoughts with fruitless
+Suppositions.</p>
+
+<p><i>12thly</i>, Let Art likewise teach you Cunning, <i>i.&nbsp;e.</i>
+by lying abscond, or at Bo-peep with your Adversary; this is a subtlety
+which perhaps may gain the Advantage of a Pass or Hazard. For I must
+tell you, in this Game, is required much Cunning, and subtle
+Contrivance, as in any Recreation whatever, and therefore when you are
+to Play with an Expert Player, you must muster up all the forces of your
+Ingenuity and Wit, for the vanquishing of your Opponent.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lastly</i>, Observe the Advantages may be gained, and endeavour to
+get them, if they fall within the sphere of your Activity. One of which
+I shall here insert, which is indeed the chief, <i>viz.</i> That if your
+Adversary hath not past the Port, and lies up by the King, take the
+Advantage of a Second Pass, endeavour to pass again, which if you
+dextrously perform, and after touch the King, you gain two; but if your
+too great Precipitancy and Inadvertency,
+<span class = "pagenum">198</span>
+or sometimes an unlucky Chance hurryes you on to throw down the King,
+then you loose.</p>
+
+<p>Some instead of a King use a string and Bell, so that after you have
+passed, you need not doubt the end, as being a thing not so ticklish, or
+requiring so much Art as the King does, to be toucht finely and gently
+at a distance, without throwing it down: This alone is to be preferred
+for ingenious Persons, the other for the use only of Bunglers.</p>
+
+<p class = "space">
+Thus much shall suffice for Rules for the right Playing at
+<i>Billiards</i>, which being a Recreation not Admitting of any further
+Observations and Methods to be made and shewn on it; Let Practice, and
+the Dictates of the ensuing Orders compleat your Perfection in this
+gentile Game.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum">199</span>
+<span class = "folionum">K4</span>
+<h4 class = "long ital">ORDERS for Players at the Gentile Game of
+<em>Billiards</em> to Observe.</h4>
+
+<h5>I.</h5>
+
+<p>If the Leader touch the end of the Table with his Ball, at the first
+stroke, he loseth One.</p>
+
+<h5>II.</h5>
+
+<p>If the Follower intend to hit his Adversaries Ball, or pass at one
+Stroke, he must string his Ball, that is, Lay it even with the King, or
+he loseth One.</p>
+
+<h5>III.</h5>
+
+<p>He that Passeth through the Port hath the Advantage of touching the
+King, which is One, if not thrown down.</p>
+
+<h5>IV.</h5>
+
+<p>He that passeth twice, his Adversary not having passed at all, and
+toucheth the King, without throwing him down, wins two Ends.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">200</span>
+<h5>V.</h5>
+
+<p>He that passeth not hath no other Advantage than the Hazards.</p>
+
+<h5>VI.</h5>
+
+<p>He that is a Fornicator (that is hath past through the Back of the
+Port) he must pass twice thro the fore-part, or he cannot have the
+Advantage of passing that end.</p>
+
+<h5>VII.</h5>
+
+<p>He that hits down the Port, or King, Hazards his own Ball, or strikes
+either Ball over the Table, loseth One.</p>
+
+<h5>VIII.</h5>
+
+<p>He that Hazards his Adversaries Ball, or makes it hit down the King,
+winneth the end.</p>
+
+<h5>IX.</h5>
+
+<p>If four Play, two against two, he that mistakes his stroke loseth one
+to that side he is&nbsp;of.</p>
+
+<h5>X.</h5>
+
+<p>He that after both Balls plaid, removes the Port without consent, or
+strikes his Ball twice together, or
+<span class = "pagenum">201</span>
+that his Adversaries Ball touch his stick, hand, or Clothes, or playeth
+his Adversaries Balls, loseth One.</p>
+
+<h5>XI.</h5>
+
+<p>He that sets not one foot upon the Ground, when he strikes his Ball
+shall lose an end, or if he layes his hand or Sleeve on the Cloth.</p>
+
+<h5>XII.</h5>
+
+<p>A stander-by, tho he betts shall not instruct, or speak in the Game
+without Consent, or being first asked; If after he is Advertised hereof
+he Offend in this nature, for every fault he shall instantly forfeit
+Two-pence for the good of the Company, or not be suffered to stay in the
+Room.</p>
+
+<h5>XIII.</h5>
+
+<p>He that Playes a Ball, while the other runs, or takes up a Ball
+before it lies still, loseth an End.</p>
+
+<h5>XIV.</h5>
+
+<p>He that removes the Port with his stick, when he strikes his Ball,
+and thereby prevents his Adversaries Ball from passing, loseth an
+end.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">202</span>
+<h5>XV.</h5>
+
+<p>All Controversies are to be decided by the standers-by, upon asking
+Judgment.</p>
+
+<h5>XVI.</h5>
+
+<p>Whosoever breaks the King forfeits a Shilling, for the Port ten
+Shillings, and each stick Five Shillings.</p>
+
+<h5>XVII.</h5>
+
+<p>Five ends make a Game by Day-light, and Three by Candle-light.</p>
+
+<p>Many other Orders there are which concern the House, and thither I
+refer you for further Infomation; and here take leave to conclude this
+my <i>School of Recreation</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Utrum horum Mavis accipe, </i>&amp;c.</p>
+
+<hr>
+
+<h4 class = "extended"><i>FINIS.</i></h4>
+
+</div> <!-- end div maintext -->
+
+<div class = "advert">
+
+<span class = "pagenum">203</span>
+<h5 class = "long">
+Some Books Printed for <i>Henry Rhodes</i>, near <i>Bride-Lane</i> in
+<i>Fleet-Street</i>.</h5>
+
+
+<p>The Strange Religions, Customes and Manners of sundry Nations, in
+<i>Twelves</i>, price bound <i>One Shilling</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The History of the Life and Glorious Reign of Queen <i>Elizabeth</i>,
+the 2d. Edition with Additions, by <i>S.&nbsp;Clark</i> in
+<i>Twelves</i> bound <i>One Shilling</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The History of King <i>Henry</i> the eighth and <i>Edward</i> the
+sixth, <i>Twelves</i>, Price bound <i>One Shilling</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Coffee-House-Jests</i>, the third Edition, with Additions, in
+<i>Twelves</i>, Price bound <i>One Shilling</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The present State of <i>Turky</i>, <i>Twelves</i>, Price bound <i>One
+Shilling</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>London Jilt</i>: Or, The <i>Politick Whore</i>, in two
+parts.</p>
+
+<p><i>Witts Cabinet</i>, <ins class = "correction" title = "Roman type in original">Twelves</ins>, Price bound <i>One Shilling</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Sundery Conversations, <i>Twelves</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The great Point of Succession, in <i>Folio</i><ins class =
+"correction" title = ", for .">.&nbsp;</ins></p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class = "endnote">
+
+<h4><a name = "recon" id = "recon">
+Text reconstructed from 1696 edition:</a></h4>
+
+<p class = "hanging">
+Page 4:<br>
+<img src = "images/page4recon.png" width = "281" height = "252"
+alt = "page image">
+</p>
+
+<p class = "hanging">
+Page 12:<br>
+<img src = "images/page12recon.png" width = "288" height = "101"
+alt = "page image">
+</p>
+
+<p class = "hanging">
+Page 13 (including text rubbed off from facing page 12):<br>
+<img src = "images/page13recon.png" width = "288" height = "86"
+alt = "page image">
+</p>
+
+<p class = "hanging">
+Page 150:<br>
+<img src = "images/page150recon.png" width = "284" height = "103"
+alt = "page image">
+</p>
+
+<p class = "hanging">
+Page 154:<br>
+<img src = "images/page154recon.png" width = "280" height = "67"
+alt = "page image">
+</p>
+
+<p class = "hanging">
+Page 156:<br>
+<img src = "images/page156recon.png" width = "282" height = "37"
+alt = "page image">
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The School of Recreation (1684 edition), by 
+Robert Howlett
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+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The School of Recreation (1684 edition), by
+Robert Howlett
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The School of Recreation (1684 edition)
+       Or, The Gentlemans Tutor, to those Most Ingenious Exercises
+       of Hunting, Racing, Hawking, Riding, Cock-fighting, Fowling,
+       Fishing
+
+Author: Robert Howlett
+
+Release Date: December 9, 2007 [EBook #23776]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SCHOOL OF RECREATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Louise Hope, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note:
+
+This text is intended for users whose text readers cannot use the "real"
+(unicode/utf-8) version. A few letters such as "oe" have been unpacked,
+and curly quotes and apostrophes have been replaced with the simpler]
+
+Words shown in +marks+ were printed in blackletter ("gothic") type.
+Spelling, punctuation and capitalization-- including the variation
+between W and VV-- are as in the original. Errors are listed at the
+end of the text.
+
+The chapter on "Ringing" almost certainly contains undetected
+typographical errors. Readers interested in solid information may
+prefer _Tintinnalogia_ (1671), Project Gutenberg e-text 18567.]
+
+
+
+
+  [Illustration:
+  The School of Recreation.
+  Printed for Henry Rodes near Bride Lane in Fleet Street.]
+
+
+
+
+                      The
+                     SCHOOL
+                       of
+                 +RECREATION:+
+
+                    Or, The
+                  Gentlemans
+                     TUTOR,
+
+                    To those
+            Most Ingenious Exercises
+
+                       of
+
+          Hunting.       } { Fishing.
+          Racing.        } { Shooting.
+          Hawking.       } { Bowling.
+          Riding.        } { Tennis.
+          Cock-Fighting. } { Ringing.
+          Fowling.       } { Billiards.
+
+                    By R. H.
+
+    _London_, Printed for _H. Rodes_,
+    next door to the _Bear-Tavern_
+    near _Bride-Lane_ in _Fleet-Street_, 1684.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE READER.
+
+
+_Man, the Abridgement of the Creation, or the _Compendium_ of all Gods
+Works, having divested himself by Sin of that Original Innocence and
+Angelical State of Life wherein his Creator had placed him, and thereby
+Subjected his collapsed Nature to the Malediction of God, _In the sweat
+of thy Face thou shalt eat thy Bread_, &c. It pleased however the
+Almighty to continue and confirm that Original grand _Charter_ he had at
+first granted him, of being _Lord of the Creatures_: Hereby intimating,
+That tho man is now _Born to Trouble, Labour _and Cares_, as the Sparks
+fly upward_; yet God has not deprived him of any Comfort or Felicity,
+which the Earth or Creatures of it can afford; but has invested him with
+a superior Authority and _Dominion over the Beast of the Feild, the Fowl
+of the Air, and the Fish of the Sea_. Thus it comes to pass, that every
+Creature payes a _Duty and a Subjection_, (as it were) to man, as to
+their _Master_; and notwithstanding the Ferocity and Salvageness of
+their Natures, become tame and submissive to the _Empire_ of Man. They
+court his Favour and mutely supplicate his Friendship and Confederacy,
+for the subduing the Enemies of their several _Species_: They readily
+obey his Precepts, and ravisht with his Service willingly execute his
+Commands. And thus by this prime Priviledg from God, Man is allowed the
+Liberty of subduing the Creature, and recreating his Mind by _Hunting,
+Fowling, Fishing_ and the like; and by observing the Natural _Instincts_
+of every Species, the innate _Enmity and Cunning_ of every Creature, may
+glorify the Immense Wisdom of his Creator._
+
+_And as the Liberty of Recreation in lawful Exercises is thus
+_Naturall_, so is it highly _Necessary_ and Useful too. Recreation keeps
+up the strength and Alacrity of the bodily Forces, without which the
+Soul cannot work: I mean those brisk and violent Exercises, which the
+Following sheets specifie. They cause the Body to _transpire_ plentiful
+sweats, and exhale those black and fuliginous Vapours which too much
+oppress some men, and remove the Obstructions which hinder the
+Circulation of Nature. _Brisk Exercises_ render a man Active, Vigorous,
+Strong, and Hardy, and attenuate and disperse that _Stagnation_ of
+humors, Benummedness and Dulness, which _Idleness_ contracts: Nay, (as
+one excellently observes) divers bodily Infirmities, Diseases and
+Undecencies are hereby regulated and amended: _Riding_ was used by the
+great _Drusus_ for the Strengthening his weak and small Thighs and Legs;
+and by his late _Majesty_, especially after Dinner; and is also good for
+the Head: _Shooting in a long Bow_ for the Breast and Arms; and helps
+Squinting: _Bowling_ for the Reins, Stone, Gravel, &c._
+
+_Nor are the several other _Games_ commonly practised, less
+_Commendable_, were they used with a _modest_ and _prudent_ Care:
+I recomend them as useful as the other, were a _right use_ made of them.
+I would not have them made a _Trade_, instead of a _Divertisement_. But
+especially those that are managed by _Skill_, and not Fortune, may be
+Learned, for these acquaint a man with _Numbring_, and quicken the Fancy
+and Memory, and recreate the Mind._
+
+_And as Recreation is thus natural and necessary, so is it _Commendable_
+too, and recommended by the Practises of all Ages; as well sacred as
+prophane Histories plainly testifying the Truth of it. But I shall not
+trouble you any longer by detaining you at the Door, and enumerating the
+various _Examples_, which may Authorize a vertuous Use of Recreations,
+and apologize for this Work: The severest _Stoick_ being never so cruel
+to himself or Nature, as not to give his mind some _Relaxation_, and
+recreate it in some more pleasant Pathes, than the miry heavy wayes of
+his own sullen and wilful _Resolutions_. Nor do our _Modern Stoicks_,
+tho of the strictest Lives, deny themselves some _Mental_, if not bodily
+Recreations; altho perhaps _Infirmity_, _Age_, _Station_, _Degree_, may
+render their Divertisements the more _private_, yet not totally denyed.
+_Solomon_ had his _Ittan_ for Recreations, as _Josephus_ informes us,
+and the _Heathen_ Sages their _Olympiques_, wherein were exercised,
+_Wrestling_, _Running_ with _Horses_, _Leaping_, _Coursing_ with
+_Chariots_, _Contention of Poets_, _Rhetoricians_, _Disputations of
+Phylosophers_, &c._
+
+_And because _Velle suum cuique_, every Mans Nature claimes a special
+Prerogative, in the electing a Recreation _Suitable_ to it self, one
+thing being very pleasing and delightful to one, and offensive and
+troublesome to another, I have therefore like the industrious _Bee_
+gathered _Honey_ from various _Flowers_, and according to your _Palate_
+taste and Eat; I have carefully _Delineated_ and drawn to the Life the
+divers _Figures_ of the several Recreations, and leave you to admire
+that _Peice_ you fancy best; intreating you to put them to the best
+_Use_, not to make them your Trade instead of _Recreation_; in which
+sence I would have you to accept this: And now you may walk in and view
+the Structure._
+
+
+
+
+OF
+
+Hunting.
+
+
+_Hunting_, being a Recreation that challenges the sublime Epithets of
+_Royal_, _Artificial_, _Manly_, and _Warlike_, for its Stateliness,
+Cunning, and Indurance, claims above all other Sports the Precedency;
+and therefore I was induced to place it at the Head to usher in the
+rest; and of which take this concise Definition, _viz._ That since
+Nature has equally imparted unto every Beast a wonderful Knowledge of
+_Offence_ and _Security_, herein we may observe, _The curious Search and
+Conquest of one Creature over another, hurried on by an innate natural
+Antipathy, and performed or wrought by a Distinction of Smells._
+
+And now to come to the Purpose, and the Design of this Tract, briefly to
+inform the young _Hunter_, as yet raw in the true Knowledge of this
+_Royal Sport_, with what is meerly _necessary_ and _useful_, without
+amusing him with _superfluous_ Observations for his Instruction: I shall
+therefore observe throughout this Treatise this Method: 1. The several
+_Chases_ or _Games_ which fall under the first Denomination, _Hunting_.
+2. The genuine or infallible _Rules_ whereby we are to direct our
+selves, for the obtaining the true Pleasure in prosecuting the same, and
+the desired Effects of it.
+
+Know then; There are five _Beasts of Venery_ or _Forest_, viz. The
+_Hart_, _Hinde_, _Hare_, _Boar_, _Wolf_.
+
+As likewise five Wild Beasts, or _Beasts of Chace_, viz. The _Buck_,
+_Doe_, _Fox_, _Martern_, _Roe_.
+
+The _Beasts of Warren_, are three, _viz._ _Hares_, _Coneys_, _Roes_.
+
+_Note_, The _Hart_ and _Hinde_ before spoken of, though they are of
+_one_ kind, yet, because their _Seasons_ are several, are esteemed
+_distinct_ Beasts; and in the _Hart_ is included the _Stag_, and all
+_red Deer_ of Antlier.
+
+And because I reckon it the most necessary part of the _Hunter_ to
+understand the _Names_, _Degrees_, _Ages_, and _Seasons_ of the
+aforesaid different Beasts of _Forest_ or _Venery_, _Chace_, and
+_Warren_; I shall therefore, in the next place, present him with these
+following
+
+
+_Beasts of Forrest_, &c.
+
+The _Hart_, the first Year is called a _Hinde-Calf_, 2 A _Knobber_, 3 A
+_Brock_, 4 A _Staggard_, 5 A _Stagg_, 6 A _Hart_.
+
+The _Hinde_, the first Year a _Calf_, 2 A _Hearse_, 3 A _Hinde_.
+
+The _Hare_, the first Year a _Leveret_, 2 A _Hare_, 3 A _Great Hare_.
+
+The _Wild-Boar_ and _Woolf_, being no _English_ Chace, I omit.
+
+
+_Beasts of Chace._
+
+The _Buck_, the first Year is called a _Fawn_, 2 A _Pricket_, 3 A
+_Sorrel_, 4 A _Sore_, 5 A _Buck of the first Head_, 6 A _Great Buck_.
+
+The _Doe_, the first Year a _Fawn_, 2 A _Teg_, 3 A _Doe_.
+
+The _Fox_, the first Year a _Cub_, 2 A _Fox_.
+
+The _Martern_, the first Year a _Cub_, 2 A _Martern_.
+
+The _Roe_, the first Year a _Kid_, 2 A _Gyrl_, 3 a _Hemuse_, 4 A
+_Roe-Buck of the first Head_, 5 A _Fair Roe-Buck_.
+
+As for the _Beasts of Warren_, the _Hare_ being spoken of before, little
+or nothing is to be said. The _Coney_ is first a _Rabbet_, and then an
+_Old Coney_.
+
+Thus much for their Names, Degrees, and Ages: Now let us next observe
+their _proper Seasons_ for Hunting.
+
+The _Hart_ or _Buck_, beginneth _fifteen_ Days after _Mid-Summer-Day_,
+and lasteth till _Holy-Rood-Day_.
+
+The _Fox_, from _Christmass_, and lasteth till the _Annunciation of the
+blessed Virgin Mary_.
+
+The _Hinde_, or _Doe_, from _Holy-Rood-Day_, till _Candlemas_.
+
+The _Roe-Buck_, from _Easter_, till _Michaelmas_.
+
+The _Roe_, from _Michaelmas_, till _Candlemas_.
+
+The _Hare_, from _Michaelmas_, to the end of _February_.
+
+Thus much I thought fit to speak briefly of the proper _Names_,
+_Degrees_, _Ages_, & _Seasons_ of the several Chaces which we Hunt: But
+having almost forgot some, I shall insert here, as intending to speak
+somewhat of them, and they are the _Badger_, _Otter_, and _Wild-Goat_;
+the last being a _Welch_-Game: Many more there are which I might here
+enumerate, but being _Forreign_ Chaces, I omit, as directing my
+Discourse to the _English-Man_.
+
+As for the _Terms of Art_ appropriated to Hunting, as the Huntsmans
+_Dialect_, they are so many and various, that should I go about to note
+them here, it would swell my Treatise to too big a Volume; and therefore
+I refer you to the _Dictionaries_ which speak of them. And now I bring
+you to the second thing I proposed, _viz._ The _Rules And Measures_ we
+are to learn and observe in the aforementioned Sports or Chaces; and in
+this we must begin with the _Pursuers or Conquerors_ of these Chaces,
+namely;
+
+
+_Of Hounds._
+
+There are several kinds of _Hounds_, endued with Qualities suitable to
+the Country where they are bred; and therefore consult his _Country_,
+and you will soon understand his _Nature_ & _Use_: As for instance, The
+_Western_ Counties of _England_, and Wood-land, Mountainous Countries,
+as also _Cheshire_, and _Lancashire_, breed the _slow-Hound_; a large
+great Dog, tall and heavy. _Worcestershire_, _Bedfordshire_, and many
+other well mixt Soyls, where the Champaign and Covert are equally large,
+produce the _Middle-sized Dog_; of a more nimble Composure than the
+fore-mentioned, and fitter for Chace. _Yorkshire_, _Cumberland_,
+_Northumberland_, and the _North_ parts, breed the Light, Nimble, _swift
+slender Dog_. And our open Champaigns train up excellent _Grey-Hounds_,
+hugely admired for his Swiftness, Strength, and Sagacity. And lastly,
+the _little Beagle_ bred in all Countries, is of exceeding Cunning, and
+curious Scent in Hunting. All these Dogs are highly set by in all remote
+Parts, whose Princes and Lords tenderly cherish them as _Excellencies_,
+and ambitiously sue for as _Rarities_.
+
+For the _Choice_ of Hounds we are to rely much on their _Colours_, and
+accordingly make our Election. The Best and most Beautiful of all for a
+general Kennel, is, The _White Hound_, with black Ears, and a black spot
+at the setting on of the Tail, and is ever found to be both of good
+Scent, and good Condition, and will Hunt any Chace, but especially the
+_Hare_, _Stag_, _Buck_, _Roe_, or _Otter_, not sticking at Woods or
+Waters. The next is, the _Black_, the black-tann'd, or all Liver-hew'd,
+or the milk White Hound, which is the true _Talbot_, is best for the
+_String_, or _Line_, as delighting in Blood; the _Largest_ is the
+comliest and best. The _Grizled_, usually shag-hair'd, are the best
+Verminers, and so fittest for the _Fox_, _Badger_, or other hot Scents;
+a couple of which let not your Kennel be without, as being exceeding
+good cunning _Finders_.
+
+For the _Shape_ of your _Hound_, you must consult the Climate of his
+Breed, and the natural Composition of his Body; but by these following
+Characters you may know a good _Hound_. If you like a large, _heavy_,
+true _Talbot-like_ Hound, See
+
+His _Head_ be round and thick. _Nose_ short and uprising. _Nostrils_
+wide and large. _Eares_ large and down-hanging. _Upper-Lip-Flews_ lower
+than his Nether Chaps. _Back_ strong and rising. _Fillets_ thick and
+great. _Thighs_ and _Huckle-bones_ round. _Hams_ streight. _Tail_ long
+and rush-grown. The _Hair of his Belly_ hard and stiff. _Legs_ big and
+lean. _Foot_ like a _Fox_'s, well clawd and round. _Sole_ dry and hard.
+All these shew an _able Hound_.
+
+If you would choose a swift _light Hound_, the _Yorkshire_ one in the
+generality will please you; for that (as these have) he ought to have a
+_slenderer_ Head, _longer_ Nose, _shallower_ Ears and Flews, _broad_
+Back, _gaunt_ Belly, _small Tayl_, _long_ Joints, _round_ Foot; and in
+fine of a _Gray-Hound-like_ Make.
+
+Thus much to direct the Choice of _Hounds_; now something ought to be
+spoken of the _Composition of Kennels_, wherein I must appeal to the
+Affection of the Gentleman, the Lover of this Sport, and let him tell me
+the _Reasons_ that induced him to take pleasure in _Hounds_, Whether it
+be he fancies _Cunning in Hunting_? Or _Sweetness_, _Loudness_, or
+_Deepness of Cry_? Or for the _Training his Horses_? Or for the
+_Exercise of his Body_ only?
+
+If for _Cunning_ Hunting; breed your Dogs from the slowest and largest
+of the forementioned _Northern_ Hounds, and the swiftest and slenderest
+of the _West Country_, of both Kinds, approved to be not given to lie
+off, or look for Advantages, but staunch, fair, even-running, and of
+perfect fine Scent. These will make a Horse gallop fast, and not run;
+being middle-siz'd; not too swift as to out-run, or too slow as to lose
+the Scent; are the best for the true Art and Use of Hunting.
+
+If for _Sweetness of Cry_; compound your Kennel of some large Dogs, of
+deep solemn Mouths, and swift in spending, as the _Base_ in the Consort;
+Then twice so many roaring, loud ringing Mouths, as the _Counter-Tenor_:
+And lastly, some hollow plain sweet Mouths, as the _Mean_: So shall your
+Cry be perfect. Observe that this Composition be of the swiftest and
+largest deep Mouth'd Dog, the slowest and middle-siz'd, and the shortest
+Legged slender Dog. For these run even together; and warble forth their
+musical Notes most sweetly.
+
+If for _Loudness of Mouth_, choose the Loud clanging (redoubling as it
+were) Mouth, and to this put the roaring, spending, and Whining Mouth,
+which will be loud, smart, and pleasant: Such are for the most part your
+_Shropshire_, and _Worcestershire_ Dogs.
+
+If (Lastly) for _Deepness of Cry_, the largest Dogs having the greatest
+Mouths, and deepest Flews, are the best; such are your _West-Country_,
+_Cheshire_, and _Lancashire_ Dogs.
+
+But if you have your Kennel for _Training Horses_ only; then compound
+your Kennel of the lightest, nimblest, and swiftest Dogs, such as your
+_Northern_ Hounds are. For the strong and violent Exercises of their
+Horses, through the natural Velocity of their Hounds, in the _North_
+parts, have render'd them famous for Truth and Swiftness above all other
+parts of _England_; though they have not attained this through a better
+Breeding of their Horses than others, but by daily acquainting them with
+the Violence of such Exercises, which made it both familiar and natural
+to them. And _He that doth not train up his Horse so, puts a Cheat upon
+himself_.
+
+Lastly, If for the _Maintenance of your Health_, by preventing
+Infirmities and Grossness of Humours, you compose your Kennel; consult
+first your own _Ability_ for this Exercise; and if you think you are
+able to _foot_ it away, then the _Biggest and slowest Dogs_ you can get
+are best; which you may bring so to your Command, as to make them Hunt
+with no more speed than you please to lead them. And herein you are
+surrounded with a double Delight; to hear their _Musick_, and observe
+their ambitious and eager _Striving to out-go one another_, in the
+Pursuit of their Game, and yet restrained by a submissive Compliance to
+their Masters Pleasure, beyond which they dare not presume to pass. But
+if you would _pad it_ away through an Unability of footing it, Then
+choose the _slowest or middle-sized Hounds_, of good Mouths and Noses,
+for loud Cry, and ready Scent.
+
+Thus far for the Composing a Kennel: I come now to the _Kennel it self_,
+of which I need say little, as indeed unnecessary, leaving that to the
+Discretion of the _Huntsman_; Only I would have him observe, that it be
+built some pretty way distant from the Dwelling-House, in a warm dry
+place, free from Vermine, and near some Pond or River of fresh Water;
+and so placed, that the Morning Sun may shine upon it. Be sure to keep
+it clean, and let them not want fresh Straw every day. Feed them early
+in the Morning at Sun-rising, and at Sun-set in the Evening. As for
+their _Meat_, I leave to the ingenious Huntsman to get; Only this I must
+tell him, Three Bushels of Oates or Barley-Meal, with the half so much
+Bran or Mill-dust, besides the Horse-Flesh, Scraps, Bones, Crusts, &c.
+which the painful Huntsman can procure, is a fit weekly Proportion to
+keep _nine_ or _ten_ Couple of Hounds. When they come from Hunting,
+after you have fed them well, let them to their Kennel, and wash their
+Feet with Beer and Butter, or some such thing, and pick and search their
+Cleys, for Thorns, Stubs, or the like: If it is in _Winter_, let a fire
+be made, and let them beak and stretch themselves for an hour or so at
+the fire, and suffer them to lick, pick, and trim themselves; hereby to
+prevent the _Diseases_ incident to them, upon sudden Cooling, as the
+_Mange_, _Itch_, _Feavors_, &c. of which I come now to speak.
+
+But before I treat of the keeping your Hounds in Health by curing their
+diseases, I must speak a Word or two of the way to _Breed good Whelps_,
+viz. Having a Hound and a Bratch of that general Goodness in Size,
+Voice, Speed, Scent, and Proportion you like, put them together to
+ingender in _January_, _February_, or _March_, as the properest Months
+for Hounds, Bitches, and Bratches to be Limed in; because of not _losing
+time_ to enter them. When you put them together, observe, as near as you
+can, if the _Moon_ be in _Aquarius_ or _Gemini_; because the Whelps will
+then never run Mad, and the Litter, will be double as many Dog, as
+Bitch, Whelps. When your Bitch is near her _Whelping_, separate her from
+the other Hounds, and make her a Kennel particularly by her self; and
+see her Kennell'd every Night, that she might be acquainted and
+delighted with it, and so not seek out unwholsom Places; for if you
+remove the Whelps after they are Whelp'd, the Bitch will carry them up
+and down till she come to their first Place of Littering; and that's
+very dangerous. Suffer not your Whelps to Suck above two Months, and
+then _Weane_ them.
+
+When your Whelps are brought up, _enter_ them not into Hunting till they
+are at least a Year and half old: That is, if whelpt in _March_, enter
+them _September_ come Twelve-Month; if in _April_, in _October_ come
+Twelve-months after, _&c._
+
+When you would _enter_ them, bring them abroad, with the most Staunch
+and best Hunting Hounds; (all babling and flying Curs being left at
+home:) and a _Hare being the best entering Chase_, get your _Hare_ ready
+before, and putting her from her Form, view which way she takes, and
+then lay on your Hounds, giving them all the Advantages may be; if she
+is caught, do not suffer them to break her, but immediately taking her,
+strip off her Skin, and cutting her to peices, give every part to your
+young Whelps; and that will beget in them a Delight in Hunting, and
+animate them with Courage. And now let us return to speak of
+
+
+_Diseases incident to Dogs, and their Cures._
+
+Because I should think it a very odd Humor for a Person to select these
+Creatures (Hounds) as instruments for the procurement of his Health
+Satisfaction, and Delight, and should be so inhumane as to suffer them
+to perish in their _Diseases_, because they cannot communicate their
+_Ailings_, and beseech _Redress_; therefore I have briefly summed up the
+immediate _Cures_ for their several Diseases, and by preventing his
+Excuse of _Ignorance_, desire his Application, as need require.
+
+_For Sick Dogs._ Take Sheeps-heads, Wooll and all, hack, hew, and bruise
+them into pieces, make Pottage of it, with Oatmeal, and _Penny-Royal_,
+and give it warm.
+
+_Lice and Fleas._ Boyl four or five handfuls of _Rue_ or _Herb of
+Grace_, in a gallon of running Water, till a pottle be consumed, strain
+it, and put two Ounces of _Staves-acre_ poudered, and bathe them with it
+warm.
+
+_Itch._ Take Oyl of _Flower-de-Lys_, powder of _Brimstone_, & dry'd
+_Elicampane_ Roots, of each a like quantity, and _Bay-Salt_ powdered;
+mix these Powders with the Oyl, and warm it, anoint, scratch, and make
+it bleed, will do well.
+
+_Tetter._ Take Black _Ink_, Juice of _Mint_ & _Vinegar_, of each a like,
+mix them altogether with the Powder of _Brimstone_ to a Salve, and
+Anoint it.
+
+_Worms._ Give your Hound _Brimstone_ and new Milk, will kill them.
+
+_Gauling._ May _Butter_, yellow _Wax_, and unslackt _Lime_, made to a
+Salve, and Anoint therewith, is a present Remedy.
+
+_Mange._ Take two handfuls of _Wild-Cresses_, of _Elecampane_, of the
+Leaves and Roots of _Roerb_ and _Sorrel_, the like quantity, and two
+pound of the Roots of _Frodels_, Boyl them all well in Lye and Vinegar,
+strain it, and put therein two pound of _Grey soap_, and after 'tis
+melted, rub your Hound with it four or five dayes together; and 'tis an
+excellent Remedy.
+
+_For any Ear Disease._ Mix _Verjuice_ and _Chervile_ Water together, and
+drop into his Eares a spoonful or two, morning and Evening.
+
+_Sore Eyes._ Chew a Leaf or two of _Ground Ivy_, and spit the Juice into
+his Eyes.
+
+_Surbaiting._ Wash his Feet with _Beer_ and _Butter_, and bind young red
+_Nettles_ beaten to a Salve to his Soles.
+
+_Biting by Snake, Adder,_ &c. Beat the herb _Calaminth_ with
+_Turpentine_, and yellow _Wax_ to a Salve, and apply it. To expel the
+inward Poyson, give the said Herb in Milk.
+
+_Biting by a Mad Dog._ Wash the place with _Sea-Water_, or strong
+_Brine_, will Cure him. The quantity of a Hazel-Nut of _Mithridate_,
+dissolved in sweet Wine, will prevent inward Infection.
+
+_Madness._ Lastly, If your Hound be Mad, which you will soon find by his
+separating himself from the rest, throwing his Head into the Wind,
+foaming and slavering at Mouth, snatching at every thing he meets, red
+fiery Eyes, stinking filthy Breath; then to Knock him in the Head, is a
+present Remedy, and you'l prevent infinite Dangers.
+
+And now I proceed to give some brief Instructions for Hunting the
+several _Chases_ used in _England_, for which we have chosen our Hounds;
+I mean the _Time when?_ and the _Manner how?_
+
+Having your Kennel of Hounds in good order and plight, and being
+desirous to enjoy those Pleasures, for which we have observed the
+aforesaid Rules; Lead them forth, and to your Game (Gentlemen:) Only
+take this _Caution_ along with you; Do not forget to have in your Pack a
+couple of _Hounds_, called _Hunters in the Highwayes_, that will Scent
+upon hard Ground, where we cannot perceive Pricks or Impressions; and
+for your Huntsman's and your own Ease, let a couple of _Old stench
+Hounds_ accompany you, by whose sure Scent, the too great Swiftness of
+the young and unexperienced Ones may be restrained and regulated; and if
+you please, take the following Observations with you, and away.
+
+
+Of _Hart_ or _Stag-Hunting_.
+
+Waving the Praises of this Creature, and the large _Encomiums_ due to
+his several Excellencies, we'll come to the Doctrinal Part, and
+understand the _Age_ of this our Game, which is known by several Marks,
+amongst which this is the most authentick: That if you take his view in
+the ground, and perceive he has a large Foot, a thick Heel, a deep
+Print, open Cleft and long space, then be assured he is Old; as the
+Contrary concludes him Young.
+
+But _Where_ and _When_ shall we find him? Examine the following Annual
+or monethly Season-Description, and you shall find him; begining at the
+end of Rutting-time, that is, In
+
+_November_, in Heaths among Furs, Shrubs and Whines.
+
+_December_, in Forrests among thick and strong Woods.
+
+_January_, in Corners of the Forrests, Corn-fields, _Wheat_, _Rye_, &c.
+
+_February_ and _March_, Amongst young and thick Bushes.
+
+_April_ and _May_, in Coppices and Springs.
+
+_June_ and _July_, in Out-Woods and Purlieus nearest the Corn Fields.
+
+_September_ and _October_, After the first showers of Rain, they leave
+their Thickets, and go to Rut, during which time there is no certain
+place to find them in.
+
+When you have found him in any of these places, be careful to go up the
+Wind; and the best time to find him is _before Sun-rising_, when he goes
+to feed; then watch him to his Leir, and having lodged him, go and
+prepare; if he is not forced, he will not budge till Evening.
+Approaching his Lodging, cast off your _Finders_, who having Hunted him
+a Ring or two, cast in the rest; and being in full Cry and maine Chace,
+Comfort and Cheer them with Horne and Voice. Be sure to take notice of
+him by some _Mark_, and if your Dogs make _Default_, rate them off and
+bring them to the Default back, and make them cast about till they have
+undertaken the first Deer; Then cheer them to the utmost, and so
+continue till they have either set up or slain him. It is the Nature of
+a _Stag_, to seek for one of his kind, when he is Imbost or weary, and
+beating him up, ly down in his place; therefore have a watchful eye unto
+_Change_. As likewise by taking _Soil_ (_i. e._ Water) he will swim a
+River just in the middle down the Stream, covering himself all over, but
+his Nose, keeping the middle, least by touching any Boughes he leave a
+Scent for the Hounds; And by his Crossings and Doublings he will
+endeavour to baffle his Pursuers: In these Cases have regard to your
+_Old Hounds_, as I said before. When he is _Imbost_ or weary, may be
+known thus: By his Creeping into holes, and often lying down, or by his
+running stiff, high and lumpering, slavering and foaming at Mouth,
+shining and blackness of his Hair, and much Sweat; And thus much for
+_Stag_ or _Hart Hunting_. As for the _Buck_ I shall not speak any thing,
+for he that can Hunt a _Stag_ well, cannot fail Hunting a _Buck_ well.
+As likewise for the _Roe-Hunting_, I refer you to what is spoken of the
+_Hart_ or _Stag_.
+
+
+_Of Hare Hunting._
+
+As for the _Time_, the most proper to begin this Game, note; That about
+the middle of _September_ is best and to end towards the latter end of
+_February_, when surcease, and destroy not the young early Brood of
+_Leverets_; and this season is most agreeable likewise to the nature of
+_Hounds_; moist and cool. Now for the _Place_ where to find her, you
+must examine and observe the Seasons of the Year; for in Summer or
+Spring time, you shall find them in Corn-fields and open places, not
+sitting in Bushes, for fear of Snakes, Adders, _&c._ In _Winter_ they
+love Tuffs of Thorns and Brambles, near Houses: In these places you must
+regard the _Oldness_ or _Newness_ of her _Forme_ or Seat, to prevent
+Labour in Vain: If it be plain and smooth within, and the Pad before it
+flat and worn, and the Prickles so new and perceptible, that the Earth
+seems black, and fresh broken, then assure your self the Forme is new,
+and from thence you may Hunt and recover the _Hare_; if the contrary
+(which narrowly observe) it is Old, and if your _Hounds_ call upon it,
+rate them off; the Scent is Old. When the _Hare_ is started and on Foot,
+step in where you saw her pass, and hollow in your _Hounds_ till they
+have undertaken it, then go on with full Cry. Above all be sure to
+observe her first Doubling, which must be your direction for all that
+day; for all her other after Doublings will be like that. When she is
+thus reduced to the _slights_ and _shifts_ she makes by Doublings and
+Windings, give your Dogs _Time_ and _Place_ enough to cast about your
+Rings, for unwinding the same; and observe her _leaps_ and _skips_
+before she squat, and beat curiously all likely places of Harbour: She
+is soon your Prey now.
+
+
+_Of Coney-Catching._
+
+Their _Seasons_ are alwayes, and the way of taking them thus: Set
+Pursenets on their Holes, and put in a _Ferret_ close muzzled, and she
+will bolt them out (being a natural Enemy to them) into the Nets: Or
+blow on the suddain the Drone of a Bag-Pipe into the Burrows, and they
+will boult out: Or for want of either of these two, take powder of
+_Orpine_ and _Brimstone_ and boult them out with the Smother: But pray
+use this last seldom, unless you would destroy your Warren. But for this
+sport _Hays_ are to be preferred above all.
+
+
+_Of Fox Hunting._
+
+_January_, _February_, and _March_, are the best Seasons for Hunting the
+_Fox_ above ground, the scent being then strong, and the coldest Weather
+for the _Hounds_, and best finding his Earthing. Cast off your sure
+Finders first, and as the _Drag_ mends, more; but not too many at once,
+because of the Variety of Chaces in Woods and Coverts. The night before
+the day of Hunting, when the _Fox_ goes to prey at midnight, find his
+Earths, and stop them with Black Thorns and Earth. To find him draw your
+_Hounds_ about Groves, Thickets, and Bushes near Villages; Pigs and
+Poultrey inviting him to such Places to Lurk in. They make their Earths
+in hard Clay, stony ground, and amongst Roots of Trees; and have but one
+Hole straight and long. He is usually taken, with _Hounds_,
+_Grey-Hounds_, _Terriers_, _Nets_ and _Gins_.
+
+
+_Of Badger-Hunting._
+
+This Creature has several Names, as _Gray_, _Brock_, _Boreson_, or
+_Bauson_; and is hunted thus. First go seek the Earths and Burrows where
+he lieth, and in a clear Moon-shine Night, stop all the Holes but one or
+two, and in these fasten Sacks with drawing strings; and being thus set,
+cast off your _Hounds_ and beat all the Groves, Hedges, and Tuffs within
+a mile or two about, and being alarum'd by the Doggs they will repair to
+their Burrows and Kennells, and running into the Bags are taken. Other
+Methods there are which are used, but the Common usage makes me omit.
+
+
+_Of the Martern or wild-Cat._
+
+These two Chaces are usually hunted in _England_, and are as great
+Infesters of Warrens, as the two last mentioned Vermine, but are not
+purposely to be sought after; unless the Huntsman see their place of
+Prey, and can go to it; and if the _Hound_ chance to cross them, sport
+may be had. But no Rule can be prescribed how to find or hunt them.
+
+
+_Of the Otter._
+
+This Creature useth to lye near Rivers in his Lodging, which he
+cunningly & artificially builds with Boughs, Twiggs and Sticks. A great
+Devourer of Fish, and eatable in some Countries, where they have _good
+stomacks_. It is a very sagacious and exquisitely smelling Creature, and
+much Cunning and Craft is required to hunt him. But to take him, observe
+this in short: Being provided with _Otter-Spears_ to watch his Vents,
+and good _Otter-Hounds_, beat both sides of the Rivers banks, and you'll
+soon find if there is any. If you find him, and perceive where he swims
+under Water, get to stand before him when he _Vents_, (_i. e._ takes
+breath) and endeavour to strike him with the spear: If you miss him,
+follow him with your Hound, and if they are good for _Otter_, they will
+certainly beat every Tree-root, _Bulrush-Bed_, or _Osier-Bed_, so that
+he cannot escape you.
+
+
+_Of the Wild Goat._
+
+This being a _Welsh-Chace_, I thought it not amiss to say something of
+it, as not altogether Forreign. The _Wild-Goat_ is as bigg and as fleshy
+as a _Hart_, but not so long-legg'd. The best time for hunting them is,
+at _All-hollontide_; and having observed the Advantages of the Coasts,
+Rocks, and places where the _Goats_ lie, set Nets and Toiles towards the
+Rivers and Bottoms; for 'tis not to be imagined, the Doggs can follow
+them down every place of the Mountaines. Stand some on the tops of the
+Rocks, and as Occasion offers throw down Stones; and place your Relays
+at the small Brooks or Waters, where the _Goat_ comes down; but let them
+not tarry till the _Hounds_ come in, that were cast off.
+
+_Thus much for Hunting._
+
+
+
+
+Of Racing.
+
+
+As all _Beasts_ are Subservient to _Man_, and he a Liberty and Power to
+Use them, and make them his Instruments, for the Procurement of his
+_Profit_, or _Pleasure_; so is there not a Creature more Serviceable to
+man in either of these, as the _Horse_. A _Beast_ Valiant, Strong,
+Nimble and Hardy, the Vivacity of whose Spirits, neither Heat can
+scorch, or dry up, nor Cold benumb or freez; he is Valiant, Watchfull,
+and Laborious, naturally Cleanly, and of exquisite Scent; Gentle and
+Loving to man, docile, and of a retentive Memory, and Apt or Fit for the
+performing any Service wherein man employes him. And for the Use of
+which I am now speaking (_Racing_) he ought to be endued with these
+Qualifications. That he have the _Finest Cleanest Shape_ possible, and
+above all, _Nimble_, _Quick_, and _Fiery_, _apt to Fly with the least
+Motion_; nor is a long Bodied contemptible, it assuring _Speed_, tho it
+signifies _Weakness_ too. The _Arabian_, _Barbary_, or his Bastard, are
+esteemed the best for this Use, these excelling _Jennets_, though they
+are good too.
+
+Having furnished your self with a _Horse_ thus qualified, you are to
+observe his right and due _Ordering_, before your designed _Racing_.
+_Bartholomew-tide_ is the most proper time to _take him from Grass_; the
+day before being Dry, Fair, and Pleasant: That Night let him stand
+conveniently, to empty his Body; the next day _Stable_ him, and feed him
+with _Wheat-straw_ that day, and no longer; lest you exceeding that
+time, it straighten his _Guts_, heat his _Liver_, and hurt his _Blood_;
+for want of _Straw_, Riding him Morning and Evening to _Water_, Airing,
+or other moderate Exercises will serve. Then feed him with good old
+sweet _Hay_, and according to the Season, and Temperature of his Body
+clothe him; for a _Smooth Coat_ shews _Cloth_ enough, and a _Rough Coat_
+want of it. Observe likewise where you _Water_ your _Race-Horse_, that
+it be a Running _Water_, or Clear _Spring_, far distant (a Mile or more)
+from the _Stable_, adjoyning to some _Levell_; where after he has once
+well drunk, Gallop him, and so _Water_ and _Scope_ him, till that he
+refuse to drink more, for that time; then Walk him gently Home, (being
+an Hour on your way, or more) clothe, and stop him round with soft
+_Whisps_, and let him stand an Hour upon his _Bridle_, and after feed
+him with sweet sound _Oats_, throughly dryed either with _Age_, _Kilne_,
+or _Sun_; if he be low of Flesh, or bad Stomacht, add a third part of
+Clean Old _Beans_, to two parts of _Oats_, or wash his _Oats_ in Strong
+_Beer_ or _Ale_.
+
+For _Dressing_ take these _Rules_. _Dress_ your _Horse_ twice a day,
+before you _Water_ him, both Morning, and Evening, thus: _Curry_ him
+after he is uncloath'd, from his _Ear-tips_ to his _Tayle_, and his
+whole Body intirely (save his Legs under the Knees, and Cambrels) with
+an _Iron Comb_; then Dust him, and Rub him with a _Brush_ of _Bristles_
+over again. Dust him again, and wetting your hand in clean Water, rub
+off all the loose Hairs, and so rub him dry as at first; then with a
+fine _Hair Cloth_ rub him all over; and Lastly, with a fine _Linnen
+Cloth_; and then pick his _Eyes_, _Nostrils_, _Sheath_, _Cods_, _Tuel_,
+and _Feet_, clean.
+
+The best _Food_ for your _Racer_, is good, sweet, well dryed, sunned,
+and beaten _Oats_: Or else _Bread_ made of one part _Beans_, and two
+parts _Wheat_ (_i. e._) two _Bushells_ of _Wheat_, to one of _Beans_,
+ground together: Boult through a fine _Range_ half a _Bushell_ of fine
+_Meal_, and bake that in two or three _Loaves_ by it self, and with
+_Water_, and good store of _Barme_, knead up, and bake the rest in great
+_Loaves_, having sifted it through a _Meal-sieve_: [But to your _Finer_,
+you would do well to put the _Whites_ of Twenty or Thirty _Eggs_, and
+with the _Barme_ a little _Ale_, 'tis no matter how little _Water_:]
+With the _Courser_ feed him on his Resting dayes, on his Labouring dayes
+with the _Finer_.
+
+The best _Time for feeding_ your _Runner_ on his _Resting-dayes_ is;
+After his _Watering_ in the Morning, at _One_ a Clock at Noon, after his
+_VVatering_ in the Evening, and at _Nine_ or _Ten_ a Clock at Nights: On
+his _Dayes of Labour_, Two Hours after he is throughly Cold, outwardly
+and inwardly, as before.
+
+As for the Proportion of Meat, I shall not confine your Love to a
+Quantity, only give him a little at once, as long as his Appetite is
+Good: When he begins to fumble and play with his Meat, hold your Hand,
+shut up your Sack.
+
+As for his _Exercise_ it ought to be Thrice a Week, as his bodily
+Condition requires; if he be foul, moderate Exercise will break his
+Grease; if clean, then as you judge best, taking heed of breaking his
+Mettle, or discouraging him, or laming his Limbs. Before you air him to
+add to his Wind, it is requisite to give him a raw Egg broken in his
+mouth: If your Horse be very _Fat_, air him before Sun-rising and after
+Sun-set; if _Lean_, deprive him not of the least strength and Comfort of
+the _Sun_ you can devise. To make him _Sweat_ sometimes by coursing him
+in his Cloathes is necessary, if moderate; but without his Cloaths, let
+it be sharp and swift. See that he be _empty before you Course him_; and
+it is wholesome to wash his Tongue and Nostrills with _Vinegar_, or
+_piss_ in his Mouth, before you back him. And after his Exercise, cool
+him before you come home, house, litter and rub him well and dry; then
+cloath him, and give him after every Course a Scouring thus prepared.
+
+
+_For scouring a Race Horse._
+
+Take 20 _Raisins of the Sun_ stoned, 10. _Figgs_ slit in the midst,
+boyle them till they be thick in a Pottle of Fair Water, mix it with
+Powder of _Annis-Seeds_, _Lycoras_, and _Sugar-candy_, till it come to a
+stiff Paste, make them into round Balls, roul them in Butter, and give
+him three or four of them the next morning after his Course, and ride
+him an hour after, and then set him up Warm. Or this may be preferred,
+being both a Purge and a Restorative, a Cleanser and a Comforter, thus
+prepared.
+
+Take three Ounces of _Annis-Seeds_, six Drams of _Cummin-Seeds_, one
+Dram and half of _Carthamus_, one Ounce and two Drams of
+_Fennugreek-Seed_, one Ounce and half of _Brimstone_; Beat all these to
+a fine Powder, and searse them; then take a Pint and two Ounces of
+_Sallet Oyl_, a pint and half of _Honey_, and a Pottle of _White-wine_;
+then with a sufficient Quantity of fine white Meal, knead and work all
+well into a stiff Paste; keep it in a clean Cloath, for use. When
+occasion requires, dissolve a Ball of it in a Pail of Water, and after
+Exercise give it him to drink in the Dark, that he may not see the
+Colour, and refuse it: If he does refuse, let Fasting force him to be of
+another mind.
+
+To conclude, those Instructions, which are enumerated by Mr. _Markham_,
+I will give you in short before you run, and then away as fast as you
+can.
+
+_Course not your Horse hard four or five dayes before your Match, lest
+you make his Limbs sore, and abate his Speed._
+
+_Muzzle him not (except a foul Feeder) above two or three Nights before
+the Race, and the Night before his bloody Courses._
+
+_Give him sharp, as well as gentle, Courses on the Race he is to run._
+
+_Shoe him a day before you run him._
+
+_Let him be empty on the Match Day._
+
+_Saddle him in the Stable, and fix to him the Girths and Pannel with
+Shoo-makers Wax._
+
+_Lead him with all Gentleness to his Course, and let him smell other
+Horses Dung to provoke him to stale_, &c.
+
+And Lastly, Being come to the starting place rub him well, uncloath him,
+then take his Back, and the Word given, with all Gentleness and
+Quietness possible, start and away; _And God speed you well_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Hawking,
+
+
+I shall not insist on any large _Encomiums_ of this Recreation, only
+that it is a most _Princely and serious Pleasure_; nor shall I amuse you
+with subtle and nice _Distinctions_, and things no way material; But
+will inform you with what is meerly necessary for the right
+_Understanding and Use_ of this Noble Art. I shall begin then with
+_Hawks_, their _Names_ and _Flights_.
+
+
+_Of Hawks there are two sorts._
+
+The Long-Winged Hawks.
+
+  _Faulcon_ and _Tiercle-gentle_.
+  _Gerfaulcon_ and _Jerkin_.
+  _Saker_ and _Sakaret_.
+  _Lanner_ and _Lanneret_.
+  _Barbary Faulcon._
+  _Merlin_ and _Jack_.
+  _Hobby_ and _Jack_.
+
+The Short-Winged Hawks.
+
+  _Eagle_ and _Iron_.
+  _Goshawk_ and _Tiercel_.
+  _Sparrow-Hawk_ and _Musket_.
+
+There are others too of inferiour sort as,
+
+  _Ring-Tail._
+  _Raven_ and _Buzzard_.
+  _Forked Kite._
+  _Hen-driver_, &c.
+
+And as the _Age_ of these _Hawks_ is, so we name them, as
+
+  The First Year a _Soarage_.
+  The Second Year an _Intermewer_.
+  The Third Year a _White Hawk_.
+  The Fourth Year a _Hawk of the First Coat_.
+
+Thus much for their _Names_, now we come to speak of the _Flights_ of
+these _Hawks_; which are these
+
+  The _Faulcon-Gentle_, for _Partridge_ or _Mallard_.
+  _Gerfaulcon_, will fly at the _Herne_.
+  _Saker_, at the _Crane_ or _Bittern_.
+  _Lanner_, at the _Partridge_, _Pheasant_ or _Choofe_.
+  _Barbary-Faulcon_, at the _Partridge_ only.
+  _Merlin_ and _Hobby_, at the _Lark_, or any small Bird.
+  _Goshawk_ and _Tiercel_, at the _Partridge_, or _Hare_.
+  _Sparrow-Hawk_, at the _Partridge_ or _Black-Bird_. And the
+  _Musket_, at the _Bush_.
+
+Thus much for their several proper _Flights_, we are now come to their
+_Manning_, the Method of which being generally one and the same (though
+it has been the Labour of some to spend much Time, and many Words in
+treating of the various wayes of _Manning Hawks_, and yet comes all to
+one effect) I shall in short (according to the Design of this _Epitome_)
+lay down this Rule: That you watch, and keep them from Sleep,
+continually carrying them upon your _Fist_, familiarly stroak them with
+a Wing of some Dead _Fowle_, or the like, and play with them; Accustome
+to gaze, and look in their Face with a Loving, Smiling, Gentle
+Countenance; and that will make her acquainted, and familiar with Man.
+
+Having made them familiar, the next thing is to _Bring them to the
+Lure_, (which the _Faulconer_ makes of _Feathers_, and _Leather_ much
+like a _Fowle_, which he casts into the Air, and calls the _Hawk_ to)
+which is after this manner. Set your _Hawk_ on the _Perch_, unhood her,
+and shew her some _Meat_ within your _Fist_, call her by _Chirping_,
+_Whistling_ or the like, till she comes, then Feed her with it; if she
+comes not, let her Fast, and be sharp set: _Short-winged Hawks_, are
+properly said to be _Called_, not _Lured_. Make her bold, and acquainted
+with _Men_, _Dogs_, and _Horses_, and let her be eager and sharp-set,
+before you shew her the _Lure_; knowing her _Luring_ Hours; and let both
+sides of the _Lure_ be garnished with warm, and bloody _Meat_; let her
+likewise know your _Voice_ well; so that being well acquainted with
+_Voice_, and _Lure_, the Hearing of the one, or Sight of the other,
+makes her Obedient; which you must reward by _Feeding_, or punish by
+_Fasting_. But before _Luring_ (or any _Flight_) it is requisite to
+_Bathe_ your _Hawk_ in some quiet and still shallow _Brook_, or for want
+of that in a Large _Bason_, shallow _Tub_, or the like, lest being at
+Liberty, you lose your _Hawk_, (whose Nature requires such Bathing) and
+make her rangle. Now to make her know her _Lure_, is thus: Give your
+_Hawk_ to another, and having loosned in readiness her Hood-strings, and
+fastened a _Pullet_ to the _Lure_, go a little distance, cast it half
+the length of the string about your Head, still _Luring_ with your
+Voice, unhood your _Hawk_, and throw it a little way from her: If she
+stoop and seize, let her plume the _Pullet_, and feed on it upon the
+_Lure_: Then take her and Meat on your Fist, Hood her, and give her the
+Tiring of the Wing, or Foot of the said _Pullet_.
+
+Having _Manned_ and _Lured_ your _Hawk_, before you bring her to her
+_Flight_, one thing is to be observed and done, called in the
+_Faulconers Dialect_, _Enseaming_, which is to cleanse her from _Fat_,
+_Grease_, & _Glut_, known by her round _Thighs_, and full _Meutings_;
+and thus you may do it: In the Morning when you feed her, give her a bit
+or two of _Hot-meat_, and at Night very little or nothing. Then feed her
+Morning and Evening with a _Rook_, wash'd twice till the Pinions be
+tender; then give a Casting of Feathers as her Nature will bear; and
+once in two or three dayes give her a _Hens-neck_ well joynted and
+washt: Then a quick train _Pigeon_ every Morning; and after by these and
+her own Exercise, she has broken and dissolved the _Grease_, give her
+three or Four _Pellets_ of the Root of _Sellandine_, as bigg as a
+_Garden Pease_, steept in the Sirrup of _Roses_; and you have done this
+part of your Duty.
+
+To _Enter_ your _Hawks_, for _Partridge_ or _Fowle_, observe this. Lay
+an Old Feild-_Partridge_ in a Hole, covered with something, and fasten
+to it a small _Creance_ (_i. e._ a Fine small long Line of strong and
+even-wound Packthread fastned to the _Hawks_ Leash when first Lured,)
+and uncoupling your ranging _Spaniels_, pluck off the Covering of the
+Traine _Partridge_ and let it go, and the _Hawk_ after it; and as soon
+as she has slain it, reward her well with it. And thus to make her fly
+at _Fowle_, feed her well with the _Traine_ of the Fowle you would have;
+doing afterwards as above.
+
+The _Faults_ of _Hawks_ differ according to their Nature and Make:
+_Long-winged Hawks_ faults are thus helped. If she used _to take stand_,
+flying at the River, or in Champain Feilds, shun flying near Trees or
+Covert; or otherwise, let several Persons have _Trains_, and as she
+offers to stand, let him that's next her cast out his Traine, and she
+killing it reward her. And indeed you ought never to be without some
+live Bird or Fowle in your Bag, as _Pigeon_, _Duck_, _Mallard_, &c. If
+she be _Froward_ and _Coy_; when she Kills, reward her not as usually,
+but slide some other meat under her, and let her take her pleasure on
+it; giving her some Feathers to make her scoure and cast. If she be
+_Wild_, _look not inward_, but mind _Check_, (_i. e._ other Game, as
+_Crows_, &c. that fly cross her) then lure her back, and stooping to it,
+reward her presently.
+
+The faults of _Short-Winged Hawks_ thus are helped. Sometimes the
+_Goshawk_ and _Sparrow-Hawks_, will neither kill, nor _Fly_ the Game to
+_Mark_, but will turn _Taile_ to it: Then encourage your Dogs to Hunt,
+cast a Traine _Partridge_ before your _Hawk_, make her seize it, and
+feed well upon it.
+
+If a _Hawk take a Tree_, and will not fly at all, feed her then upon
+quick Birds, and make her foot them, and in the plain Champaign Feilds
+unhood her, and riding up and down a while let one cast out a
+Feild-_Partridge_ before her, let her fly at it, and footing it feed on
+it. If they be _too fond of Man_, that after a stroke or two will not
+fly, be seldom familiar with her, and reward her not as she comes so
+improperly: Otherwise reward her well.
+
+As for _Mewing of Hawks_, the best time for _Long-winged Hawks_ is about
+the middle of _April_, and _March_ for the _Short-Winged Hawks_. There
+are two kinds of Mewings. 1. _At the stock or stone_; so called from its
+being low upon the ground, free from Noise, Vermin or ill Air. 2. _At
+large_; so called from being in a high Room, with open Windows towards
+the _North_ or _North-East_. The former is accounted the best Mewing.
+I shall not insist on the erecting or ordering of this Mew, leaving that
+to the Discretion of the Faulconer; only before he mews his _Hawk_, see
+if they have _Lice_, to pepper and scowre them too. The best _time to
+draw _the Field_-Hawk from the Mew_, is in _June_, and she will be ready
+to fly in _August_; the Hawks for the River in _August_, will be ready
+in _September_. And because _Hawks_ are subject to divers Infirmities
+and Diseases, I shall prescribe some Remedies, and so Conclude.
+
+
+_Cures for Hawks Diseases._
+
+The good Faulconer ought diligently to observe the Complexions of his
+_Hawks Castings_ and _Mewtings_, to judge of their Maladies, and is
+prescribed by some as an excellent way; and is indeed so; but an assured
+sign of knowing whether they are sick or distempered is this. Take your
+_Hawk_, turning up her Train, if you see her Tuel or Fundiment swelleth,
+or looketh red; Or, if her Eyes or Eares be of a fiery Complexion, it is
+an infallible sign of her being not well and in good health; and then
+Scouring is necessary first; which is done by the most Soveraign _Aloes
+Cicatrine_, about the quantity of a Bean, wrapt up in her Meat; and this
+avoids Grease, and kills Wormes too.
+
+_For the Cataract_: Take one Scruple of washt _Aloes_ finely beaten, and
+two Scruples of _Sugar-candy_, mix these together, and with a Quil blow
+it three or four times a day into your _Hawks_ Eye.
+
+_Pantus_ or _Asthma_: Pour the Oyl of sweet _Almonds_ into a Chickens
+Gutt, well washt, and give it the _Hawk_: Or, scower her with
+_Sellandine_-Pellets, and Oyle of _Roses_, and then wash her meat in the
+Decoction of _Coltsfoot_.
+
+_Filanders_ or _Wormes_: To prevent them, seeing your Hawk low and poor,
+give her once a month a Clove of _Garlick_. To cure or kill them; take
+half a dozen Cloves of _Garlick_, boyle them very tender in _Milk_, then
+take them and dry the Milk out of them; put them into a spoonful of the
+best _Oyle of Olives_, and having steept them all Night, give them both
+to your Hawk, when she has cast, in the morning; feed her not til two
+hours after, and then with warm Meat, and keep her warm all that day.
+
+_Lice_: Mail your Hawk in some Woollen Cloath, put between her Head and
+Hood a little Wool, and take a Pipe of _Tobacco_, put the little end in
+at the Tream, blow the smoak, and the Lice that escape Killing, will
+creep into the Cloth: _Probatum_.
+
+_Formica_: Take a little of the Gall of a _Bull_, and beating it with
+_Aloes_, anoint the Beak of the Hawk, Morning and Evening.
+
+_Frounce_: Take the Powder of _Allume_, reduced to a Salve with strong
+Wine Vinegar, and wash her mouth with it; then take the Juice of
+_Lollium_ and _Raddish_, mixt with Salt, and anoint the Sore.
+
+_Apoplex_: Gather the Herb _Asterion_ (the Moon being in the Waine and
+in the Sign _Virgo_) wash your Hawks meat with the Juice thereof when
+you feed her, is Soveraign.
+
+_Wounds_: Take the Juice of _English Tobacco_, or _Mouse-eare_, after
+you have sticht it up, with a little Lint, bathe the place is highly
+approved.
+
+Many other Diseases there are, which others have largely treatad of, and
+to whom I refer you in case of some Diseases, which may occur; and here
+take leave to conclude this my discourse of Hawking:
+
+
+
+
+Of Riding,
+
+
+This Noble Art being rightly and throughly learnt, qualifies a Gentleman
+for the three preceding Sports, and is for that Reason placed here, as a
+necessary Attendant of them. And here we must first examine the Ends &
+Design of our proposing this Art to our selves, & accordingly lay down
+as briefly as may be the necessary Rules and Lessons are to be observed
+and learnt, for the obtaining and prosecuting the same, and I take these
+to be the usual Perfections we aime at, _To Ride well the great _Horse_,
+for the Warrs or Service, and the _Horse_ for Pleasure_; of both which
+as concisely as I can, in their Order.
+
+As a _Preface_ to this, we must begin with _Taming a young Colt_. After
+you have kept your Colt at home some time, and made him so Familiar with
+you, as to suffer _Combing_, _Currying_, _Handling_, and _Stroaking_ any
+part, 'tis high time then to offer him the Saddle, which you must lay in
+the _Manger_ first, that by its smell, he may not be afraid of it, or
+the _Styrrups_ Noise. Then gently saddling him (after his dressing) take
+a sweet _Watring Trench_, anointed with Honey and Salt, and place it in
+his Mouth so, that it may hang directly over his _Tush_; then lead him
+abroad in your hand, and Water him; and after he has stood an hour
+rein'd thus, take off his Bridle and Saddle, and let him feed till
+Evening; Then do as in the morning; then dress and Cloath him, having
+_Cherisht_ him before, _i. e._ By the _Voice_ delivered smoothly and
+gently; or by the _Hand_ by gently stroaking and clapping him on the
+neck, or buttock; or lastly by the _Rod_, by rubbing it on his Withers
+or Main.
+
+On the next day as before; and after that, put him on a strong
+_Musrole_, or sharp _Cavezan_, and _Martingale_; which is the best guide
+to a Horse for setting his Head in due place, forming the Rein, and
+appearing Gracefull and Comely; it corrects the yerking out his Head, or
+Nose, and prevents his running away with his Rider. Observe therefore to
+place it right, that it be not buckled straight, but loose, and so low,
+that it rest on the tender Grissle of his Nose, to make him the more
+sensible of his Fault, and Correction; and so as you see you win his
+Head, bring him straighter by degrees; let him but gently feel it, till
+his Head be brought to its true Perfection.
+
+Having observed this well, lead him forth into some soft or new Plowed
+Land, and to take off his wanton knavish Tricks, trot him about in your
+hand a good while: Then offer to Mount; if he refuse to suffer you, Trot
+him again; then putting your foot into the _Styrrop_, mount half way; if
+he takes it impatient, correct him, and about again; if not cherish him,
+and place your self a moment in the Saddle, dismount, cherish, and feed
+him with _Grass_, or _Bread_: All things being well, remount, even in
+the Saddle, keeping your Rod from his Eye; then let one lead him by the
+_Chaff-Halter_, and ever and a-non make him stand, and cherish him, till
+he will of his one accord go forward; then come home, alight gently, and
+do a good Horsemans Duty, _To dress and feed him well_. This Course in
+few dayes will bring him to Trot, by following some other Horseman, stop
+him now and then gently, and forward; not forgetting seasonable
+_Cherishings_ and _Corrections_, by _Voice_, _Bridle_, _Rod_, _Spurs_.
+
+Being thus brought to some certainty of _Reine_, and _Trotting_
+forth-right, then to the _Treading forth of the large Rings_. And here
+first examine your Horses Nature, before you choose your Ground, for, if
+his Nature be dull and sloathful, yet strong, then _New-plow'd-Field_ is
+best; if _Active_, _Quick_, and _Fiery_, then _Sandy-ground_ is to be
+preferred; in the most proper of which mark out a large Ring, of a
+Hundred Paces circumference. Now then walk about it on the right seven
+or eight times, then by a little straightning your right Rein, and
+laying your left Leg Calf to his side, make a half Circle within the
+Ring upon your right down to its Center; then by straightning a little
+your left Rein, and laying your right Leg Calf to his side, make a half
+Circle to your left hand, from the Center to the outmost Verge, and
+these you see contrary turned make a Roman S. Now to your first large
+Compass, walk him about on your left hand, as oft as before on the
+right, and change to your right within your Ring; then Trot him first on
+the right-hand, then on the left, as long as you judge fit, and as often
+Mornings, and Evenings as the Nature of your Horse shall require. In the
+same manner you may make him to _Gallop_ the same Rings, though you must
+not enter it all at once, but by degrees, first a Quarter, then a
+Half-quarter; and the Lightness and Cheerfulness of your Body, not the
+Spur, must induce him to it.
+
+The next Lesson is to _Stop Fair, Comely, and without Danger_. First see
+that the Ground be hard and firm, then having cherisht your Horse, bring
+him to a swift Trot, about Fifty Paces, and then straightly and suddenly
+draw in your Bridle hand; then ease a little your hand to make him give
+backward, and in so doing, give him liberty, and cherish him; then
+drawing in your Bridle hand, make him retire, and go back; if he strike,
+ease your hand; if he refuse, let some by-stander put him back, that he
+may learn your intention; and thus he may Learn these Two Lessons at
+once.
+
+_To Advance before_, when he stoppeth, is thus taught: When you stop
+your Horse, without easing your hand, lay close and hard to his sides
+both the Calves of your Legs, and shaking your Rod cry, _Up, Up_; which
+he will understand by frequent Repetition, and Practice: This is a
+Gracefull, and Comely Motion, makes a Horse Agile, and Nimble, and ready
+to Turn; and therefore be carefull in it: That he take up his Legs
+_Even_ together, and bending to his Body; not too high, for fear of his
+coming over; not sprawling, or pawing; or for his own pleasure; in these
+faults correct him with Spur and Rod.
+
+To _Yerk out behind_ is the next Lesson, thus learnt: Presently upon
+your making him stop, give him a good brisk jerk near his Flank, which
+will make him soon understand you. When he does it, cherish him; and see
+he does it comely, for to yerk out his hinder Legs, till his Forelegs be
+above ground, is not graceful; or one Leg yerk't further out than the
+other; or one Leg out while the other is on the ground; in this case a
+single Spur on the faulty side is best. But to help him in Yerking,
+staying his mouth on the Bridle, striking your Rod under his belly,
+or touching him on the Rump with it, are reckoned necessary.
+
+To _Turn readily on both hands_, thus: Bring his large Rings narrower,
+& therein gently walk him, till acquainted. Then carry your Bridle-hand
+steady and straight, the outmost rather straighter then the inmost Rein,
+to look from, rather than to the Ring; Trot him thus about, on one side
+and the other successively, as aforesaid. After some time stop, and make
+him advance twice or more, and retire in an even Line; then stop and
+cherish him. To it again, after the same manner, making him lap his
+outmost Leg above a foot over his inner. And thus the _Terra a Terra_,
+_Incavalere_ & _Chambletta_, are all taught together. Perfect your Horse
+in the large Ring, and the straight Ring is easily learnt.
+
+Your Horse being brought thus far to perfection, with the _Musrole_ and
+_Trench_, now let a gentle _Cavezan_ take their place; with a smooth
+Cannon-Bit in his Mouth, & a plain watering Chain, Cheek large, and the
+Kirble thick, round and big, loosely hanging on his nether Lip; and thus
+mount him, and perfect your Horse with the _Bit_ in all the 'foresaid
+Lessons, as you did with the _Snaffle_; which indeed is the easier to be
+done of the two.
+
+To teach your Horse _To go aside_, as a necessary Motion for shunning a
+blow from an Enemy, is thus: Draw up your Bridle-hand somewhat straight,
+and if you would have him go on the Right, lay your left Rein close to
+his Neck, and your left Calf likewise close to his side (as in the
+_Incavalere_ before) making him lap his left Leg over his Right; then
+turning your Rod backward, jerking him on the left hinder Thigh gently,
+make him to bring to the right side his Hinder parts, and stand as at
+first in an even direct Line: Then make him remove his Fore parts more,
+that he may stand as it were Cross over the even Line, and then bring
+his hinder parts after, and stand in an even Line again. And thus you
+must do, if you would have him go on the Left hand, using your
+Corrections & Cherishings on the right. Use it, and you may be sure of
+Perfection.
+
+As for the _Manages_, somewhat have bin spoken of them, there being but
+two (among many) useful call'd _Terra a Terra & Incavalere_ before
+treated of; & for the _Carreere_, only take this: Let it not extend in
+length above six-score yards, give your Horse warning before you start
+him by the Bridle hand, and running full speed, stop him suddenly, firme
+and close on his Buttock.
+
+For the _Horse of Pleasure_, these following Lessons are to be learnt.
+As first to _Bound aloft_, to do which: Trot him some sixteen yards,
+then stop, and make him twice advance; then straighten your Bridle-hand;
+then clap briskly both your Spurs even together to him, and he will
+rise, though it may at first amaze him; if he does it, cherish him, and
+repeat it often every day, till perfect.
+
+Next to _Corvet_ and _Capriole_ are Motions of the same nature, and in
+short are thus taught. Hollow the ground between two joyning Walls a
+Horses Length, by the side of which put a strong smooth Post of the same
+length from the Wall, and fasten at the Wall an Iron Ring over against
+the Post: Thus done, ride into the hollow place, and fasten one of the
+_Cavezan-Reins_ to the Post, and the other to the Ring; then cherish
+him, and by the help of the Calves of your Legs, make him advance two or
+three times; then pause, and Cherish him; make him advance again a dozen
+times more, and then rest; double your Advancings, and repeat them till
+it becomes habitual to him, to keep his _Ground_ certain, advance of an
+_equall height_ before and behind, and observe a _due Time_ with the
+motions of your Leggs. The Inequality of his advancing his hinder Legs,
+is helpt by a Jerk on the Fillets by some body behind him with a Rod.
+
+The laborious Motion of _going sideways_, being fitter for the
+War-Horse, than the Horse for Pleasure, usefull for the avoiding a Blow
+may come from an Enemy, I omit here, refering you to that.
+
+Thus much for those material Lessons which the Rider ought to teach his
+Horse for _War_ or _Pleasure_, and therefore I shall conclude this Head,
+with this _Caveat_, _That in whatever Lesson your Horse is most
+imperfect, begin and end with_; and remember, that _Exercise_ makes
+things as it were natural; when _Desuetude_ is the forerunner of
+Forgetfulness, and _Ignorance_ the Consequent of Both.
+
+
+
+OF
+
+Cock-fighting
+
+
+I shall not enlarge on the praises of this Recreation, its _Nobleness_,
+_Delight_, and _Simplicity_, devoyd of Cheat or Deceit, but what is most
+material to our purpose succinctly declare. And herein let us first
+observe the _Choice_ of a _Cock_ of the Game, directed by these four
+Characters following: That he be
+
+1. Of a strong _Shape_, proud and upright, and for this the
+_Middle-sized_, neither too small or too large, is best, because most
+matchable, strong and nimble. His _Head_ small like a _Spar-Hawks_; his
+_Eye_ large and quick; _Back_ strong, crook't at the setting on, and
+coloured as the Plume of his Feathers; The _Beam of his Leg_ very
+strong, and colour'd as his Plume; _Spurs_ long, rough, and sharp,
+hooking inward.
+
+2. Of a good _Colour_, and herein the Gray, Yellow, or Red Pyle, with a
+black Breast, are to be preferred; the Pyde rarely good, and the White
+and Dun never. A Scarlet Head is a demonstration of Courage, but a Pale
+and wan of Faintness.
+
+3. Of _Courage_ true, which you shall observe by his proud, stately,
+upright Standing and Walking, and his frequent Crowing in his Pen.
+
+4. Of a _Sharp and ready Heel_, which is (in the Opinion of the best
+_Cock-Masters_,) of high Estimation; a _Sharp-heel'd Cock, tho somewhat
+false, is better_ (as dispatching his business soonest) _than a true
+Cock with a dull Heel_. Enfine choose your _Cock_ endued with all these
+Qualifications together above mentioned.
+
+For _Breeding_ good Cocks for the Game, or Battel, the best season is
+from the Moon's Encrease in _February_, to her Encrease in _March_. The
+_March_ Bird is best. And now first get a _perfect Cock, to a perfect
+Hen_, as the best Breeding, and see the Hen be of an excellent
+Complexion (_i. e._) rightly plumed, as black, brown, speckt, grey,
+grissel, or yellowish; tufted on her Crowne, large bodied, well poked,
+and having Weapons, are Demonstrations of Excellency and Courage.
+Observe further her Comportment, if friendly to her Chickens, and
+revengeful of Injuries from other Hens. _Fortes creantur a Fortibus._
+
+Having placed her _Nest_, private from other Fowles disturbance, and
+warme, observe your Hen in sitting, if she be busie in turning her Eggs;
+if remiss, to help her. Set by her Sand, Gravel, Water and necessary
+food, to prevent her Straggling.
+
+After one and twenty dayes observe her _Hatching_, to take the newly
+hatcht Chickens, and wrap them in Wool and keep them warm by the fire
+till all be disclosed; then put them all under her, and let her keep
+them warm, and let none of them straggle abroad till they are three
+Weeks, or a Month old; and then let them run in some Grass-plat, or
+green Court, to pick Wormes, Grass and Chick-weed, to feed and scour
+themselves; but let them not ramble near Puddles, or filthy Channels;
+and to prevent any malady, a few Leek-blades minc'd small amongst their
+Meat is good.
+
+When they are grown so, as that their Sexes may be distinguish't, assoon
+as the _Comb_ or _Wattles_ but appear, cut them away, and anoint the
+Sore with sweet _Butter_, till whole. This early cutting them, is highly
+necessary to prevent Flux of Blood, (which is dangerous in doing it
+later) and Gouty thick Heads.
+
+When the _Cock_, and _Hen-Chickens_, (going till now promiscuously one
+with another) begin to quarrel and peck each other, part them and
+separate their _Walks_: And the best for a _Fighting-Cock_, are private
+and undisturbed _Walks_, as, _Wind-mills_, _Water-mills_,
+_Grange-houses_, _Park-lodges_, &c. and their _Feeding-place_ on soft
+Ground, or Boards; and have for his Meat, _White Corn_, or _White-bread
+Tosts_, steept in _Drink_, or _Urine_, is good, both to Scowre, and Cool
+them. And do not debilitate and debauch his Courage and Strength, by
+having too many _Hens_ to walk with; Three _Hens_ are enough for one
+_Cock_.
+
+If before they be Six Months Old any of your _Chickens_ _Crow_ clear and
+loud, and unseasonable, then to the _Pot_ or _Spit_ with them, they are
+_Cowards_; the true _Cock_ is long ere he gets his Voice, and when he
+has gotten it, keeps good and judicious _Time_ in Crowing.
+
+Next observe your _Roosting-Perch_, for this makes or marrs a _Cock_;
+for forming of which, consult the best _Cock-Masters_ Feeding-Pens, and
+the Perches there, and accordingly proportion your own, therefore I
+shall not propose any form here; Only pray take care that the ground
+underneath the Perch be soft, for if the ground be rough and hard, in
+leaping down he will hurt his _Feet_, and make them Gouty and Knotty.
+
+For the _Dieting_, and _Ordering_ of your _Cock_ for _Battle_, observe
+these Rules. Let your _Cock_ be full two years Old, then in the latter
+end of _August_, take up and _Pen_ him, (it being now _Cocking-time_
+till the end of _May_) and see that he be sound, hard-feather'd, and
+full summed. As to the moving _Perch_, and _Pen_, take my foregoing
+Advice.
+
+The first four dayes after _Penning_; Feed him with the Crumb of Old
+_Manchet_ cut into square bits, thrice a day, and with the Coldest, and
+Sweetest Spring-water that can be had. And after you think by this time
+he is throughly purged of his _Corne_, _Wormes_, _Gravel_, and other
+course Feeding, take him in the Morning out of the _Pen_, and let him
+_Sparr_ with another _Cock_ some time to heat and chafe their Bodies,
+break Fat and Glut, and fit them for Purgation; first having covered
+their Spurs with Hots of Leather, to hinder their Wounding and drawing
+Blood of one another.
+
+After they have sufficiently _Sparred_, that they pant again, take them
+up, and remove their Hots, and prepare them for a Diaphoretick or
+Sweating Bout thus: Take _Butter_, and _Rosemary_ finely chopt, and
+_White-Sugar-candy_, mixt together; and give them the quantity of a
+_Wallnut_; which will scower, strengthen, and prolong Breath: Then
+having (purposely) deep _Straw Baskets_, fill them half way with
+_Straw_, put in your _Cock_, and cover him with _Straw_ to the top; lay
+the lid close, and let him stove till the Evening. At Five a Clock take
+him out, and lick his Head and Eyes with your Tongue, then Pen him, and
+fill his _Trough_ with _Manchet_ (as above) and hot _Urine_.
+
+After this, let his _Diet_ be of _Bread_ thus made: Take a _Gallon_ of
+_Wheat_, and _Oat-meal-flower_, and with _Ale_, half a score _Whites_ of
+_Eggs_, and _Butter_, work it into a stiff _Paste_; bake it into broad
+_Cakes_, and when four dayes Old, cut it into square Bits, as abovesaid.
+
+The second day after _Sparring_, bring your _Cock_ into a _Green Close_,
+and shew him in your Arms a _Dung-hill-Cock_, then run from him, and
+allure him thus to follow, suffering him now and then to strike the
+_Dunghill-Cock_, and so Chase him up and down for half an Hour, till he
+pants again; and thus heated, carry him home, and scower him with half a
+Pound of _Fresh-Butter_, beaten with the _Leaves_ of the _Herb_ of
+_Grace_, _Hysop_, and _Rosemary_, to the consistence of a _Salve_, and
+give him the quantity of a _VVallnut_, then _Stove_, and _Feed_ him as
+above. And thus for the first _Fortnight_, _Spar_ or _Chase_ him every
+other day.
+
+The second _Fortnight_, twice a Week will be enough to _Chase_ or _Spar_
+your _Cock_: Observing, that you _Stove_ and _Scower_ him,
+proportionable to his Heating.
+
+The Third and Last _Fortnight_ (for Six Weeks is long enough) _Feed_
+him as before, but do not _Spar_ him, but Chase him moderately twice,
+or thrice, as before; then roll his aforesaid scowring in
+_Brown-Sugar-candy_, to prevent his being Sick; rest him four dayes,
+and then to the Pit.
+
+Now, Gentlemen, _Match_ your Cock Carefully, or what you have hitherto
+done, is nothing. And here Observe the _Length_, and _Strength_ of
+Cocks. The _Length_ is thus known: Gripe the Cock by the Waste, and make
+him shoot out his Legs, and in this Posture compare, _And have your
+Judgment about you._ The _Strength_ is known by this Maxime, _The
+largest in the Garth, is the strongest Cock._ The Dimension of the
+_Garth_, is thus known: Gripe the Cock about from the joynts of your
+Thumb, to the points of your Great _Finger_, and you will find the
+Disadvantage. _The weak long _Cock_ is the quickest easier Riser, and
+the short strong one, the surest Striker._
+
+Thus being well Matcht, accoutre him for the Pit. Clip his _Main_ off
+close to his Neck, from his head to his shoulders. Clip his _Tail_ close
+to his _Rump_, the Redder it appears the better. His _Wings_ sloping,
+with sharp Points [ware Eye Adversary:] Scrape smooth, and sharpen his
+_Spurs_; leave no feathers on his Crown; then moisten his head with
+Spittle; and now favour us Fortune.
+
+
+The Battle done search, and suck your Cocks wounds, and wash them well
+with hot _Urine_, then give him a Roll of your best Scowring, and stove
+him for that Night. If he be swelled, the next morning, suck and bathe
+his Wounds again, and pounce them with the Powder of the Herb _Robert_,
+thro a fine Bag; give him an handfull of Bread in warm Urine, and stove
+him, till the swelling be down. If he be hurt in his Eye, chew a little
+ground _Ivy_, and Spit the Juice in it; which is good for _Films_,
+_Haws_, _Warts_, &c. Or if he hath _veined_ himself in his fight, by
+narrow striking, or other cross blows, when you have found the hurt,
+bind the soft Down of Hare to it, will cure it.
+
+When you visit your wounded _Cocks_, a month or two after you have put
+them to their Walks, if you find about their heads any swollen Bunches,
+hard and blackish at one end, then there are unsound Cores undoubtedly
+in them; therefore open them, and with your Thumb crush them out, suck
+out the Corruption, and fill the holes with fresh Butter; and that will
+infallibly cure them.
+
+
+_Cures for Distempers incident to the Cock or Chick of the Game._
+
+For _Lice_, being most common, I begin with; proceeding from corrupt
+Meat, and want of Bathing, _&c._ Take _Pepper_ beaten to Powder, mix it
+with warm Water, and wash them with it.
+
+For the _Roup_; a filthy swelling on the Rump, and very contagious to
+the whole body, the staring and turning back of the Feathers is it
+Symptome. Pull away the Feathers, open and thrust out the Core, and wash
+the Sore with Water and Salt, or Brine.
+
+For the _Pip_; visit the mouth, and examine what hinders your _Cocks_,
+_Hen_, or _Chicks_ feeding, and you'll find a white thin Scale on the
+Tip of the Tongue, which pull off with your Naile, and rubbing the
+Tongue with Salt, will cure it.
+
+For the _Flux_; proceeding from eating too moist Meat, give them
+Pease-Bran scalded, will stop it.
+
+For the _Stoppage of the Belly_, that they cannot mute; Anoint their
+Vents, and give them either small bits of Bread or Corn, steep'd in
+Urine of Man.
+
+For the _Eyes_, I have spoken before, and refer you to that; and for
+other Infirmities, let Practise be your Directory.
+
+
+And now I have one Word of Advice to him that is a Lover (or would be
+so) of this _Royal-Sport_; and then have done: _Come not to the Pitt
+without Money in your Breeches, and a Judgment of Matches_; +Done+ and
++Done+ is _Cock-Pitt_ +Law+, and if you venture beyond your Pocket, you
+must look well to it, or you may loose an Eye by the Battle.
+
+Thus much for _Cock-Fighting_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Fowling.
+
+
+This is a Recreation so full of _Variety_; that it would take up a great
+many _Words_ and _Time_ to discover it; but varying indeed from this
+Design, I shall not dilate on its several parts, but as succinctly as
+may be, give you some methodical _Instructions_, as may make a man
+capable of the _Active_ as well as _Passive_ part of this Pleasure, and
+without the one he cannot have the other.
+
+Now then the _Ingenious Fowler_, like a Politick and sagacious Warrior,
+must first furnish and store himself with those several Stratagems and
+Engines, as suit with the diversities of _Occasion_ (_i. e. Time_,)
+_Place_, and _Game_; or else he cannot expect the _Conquest_.
+
+And first of _Nets_, which must be made of the best pack-thread, and for
+taking _Great Fowl_, the Meshes must be large, two Inches at least from
+point to point, the larger the better; (provided the Fowle creep not
+through;) two Fathom _deep_, and six in _Length_, is the best and most
+manageable Proportion; Verged with strong Cord on each side, and
+extended with long Poles at each end made on purpose. But for small
+_Water-Fowle_; Let your Nets be of the smallest and strongest
+Pack-thread, the Meshes so big, as for the great Fowle, about two or
+three foot deep: Line these on both sides with false Nets, every Mesh a
+foot and half Square. For the _Day-Net_, it must be made of fine
+Pack-thread, the Mesh an inch square, three Fathom long, and one broad,
+and extended on Poles according to its Length, as aforesaid.
+
+_Birdlime_ is the next, and thus made. Pill the _Bark of Holly_ from the
+Tree at _Midsummer_, fill a Vessel, and put to it running Water; boile
+it over the fire till the _Grey_ and _White Bark_ rise from the _Green_;
+take it off the fire, draine the Water well away, and seperate the
+Barks; and take the Green, lay it on some moist floor and close place,
+and cover it with _Hemblocks_, _Docks_, _Thistles_, and all manner of
+Weeds; let it lye a fortnight, and in that time it will rot, and turn to
+a filthy slimy Substance: Then put it into a Morter, beat it till you
+perceive not what it was; take it out and wash it soundly at some
+running stream, till the Foulness is gone: Then put it in a close
+Earthen pot; let it stand four or five dayes, look to its Purging, and
+scum it: When clean, put it into another Earthen Pot, and keep it close
+for Use.
+
+Your _Setting-Dog_ comes next, and sayes you must _Elect_ and _Train_
+him thus: He must be of exquisite Scent, and love naturally to hunt
+Feathers. The _Land-Spaniel_ is best, being of good nimble size, and
+couragious mettle, which you may know by his Breed; being of a good
+Ranger, _&c._
+
+Having chosen your Dog, begin to _instruct_ him at half a Year old.
+First make him familiar and acquainted well with your self above others,
+by feeding him your self, alwayes going abroad with you, and correcting
+him with _Words_ not Blows. So that he will follow none but you,
+distinguish your Frowns from smiles, rough from smooth Words.
+
+The first Lesson is, to make him _Crouch and lie down_ close to the
+ground; and this is done by frequent laying him on the ground and crying
+_Lye close_; upon his doing well reward him with Bread; and on the
+contrary chastise him with Words, not Blows.
+
+Next, To _creep to you with his Body and Head close upon the ground_, by
+saying, _Come nearer, Come nearer_, or the like Words; to understand and
+do it, entice him with shewing him Bread, or the like: Thrusting down
+any rising part of his Body or head, and roughly threatning him; if he
+slight that, a good Jerk or two with a slash of Whip-cord will reclaim
+his Obstinacy. Repeat his Lessons, and incourage his well doing. And
+this you may exercise in the Fields as you walk, calling him from his
+busie Ranging to his _Duty_. And then teach him to follow you close at
+the heels in a Line or string, without straining.
+
+By this time he is a year old, now (the season fit) into the Field, and
+let him _range_, [obediently.] If he wantonly babble or causelesly open,
+correct him by biting soundly the Roots of his Ears, or Lashing. Assoon
+as you find he approaches the Haunt of the _Partridge_, known by his
+Whining, and willing, but not daring, to open, speak and bid him, _Take
+heed_: If notwithstanding this he rush in and _Spring_ the _Partridge_,
+or opens, and so they escape, correct him severely. Then cast him off to
+another Haunt of a _Covie_, and if he mends his Error, and you take any
+by drawing your Net over them swiftly, reward them with the Heads,
+Necks, and Pinions.
+
+As for the _Water-Dog_, the Instructions above for the _Setter_ will
+serve; only to fetch and bring by loosing a Glove, or the like, is every
+mans common Observation, and therefore shall here for Brevities sake
+omit; only keep a strict Subjection in him, and Observance to your
+Commands.
+
+I shall say something too of the _Fowling-Piece_ and _Stalking-Horse_,
+and then to your sports. The longest _Barrel is the best Fowling-Peice_,
+five and half, or six foot long, with an indifferent Bore, under an
+_Harquebuse_; and shooting with the Wind, and side-wayes, or behind the
+Fowl, not in their faces, is to be observed; having your Dog in Command
+not to stir till you have shot.
+
+A _Stalking-Horse_ for shelter, to avoid being seen by the shie Fowle,
+is an old Jade trained on purpose; but this being rare and troublesome,
+have recourse to Art, to take Canvas, stuft and painted in the shape of
+a Horse grazing, and so light that you may carry him on one hand (not
+too bigg:) Others do make them in the shape of _Ox_, _Cow_, for Variety;
+and _Stag_, _Trees_, _&c._
+
+Thus being provided with necessary Engines for prosecuting and effecting
+so cunning and pleasant a work, _Let's abroad_; and let not the
+_Ale-House_, _Tavern_, or _Brothel-Houses_, debauch and benumn our
+Spirits, but let us with the Fowler exhilerate our Minds, refresh our
+Bodies, & for a little Pains reap a great deal of Pleasure &
+Satisfaction, whet our Appetites, and get Meat too for them.
+
+Now then according to my proposed Method, let us first examine _Where_
+to find our Game? that is, The _Haunts of Fowle_, whether _Land_ or
+_Water_ Fowle; by which two Characters I distinguish them, because of
+their Variety and Multiplicity.
+
+The _greater Fowle_, or those who _divide the Foot_, reside by shallow
+Rivers sides, Brooks and Plashes of Water; and in low and boggy places,
+and sedgie, Marish, rotten Grounds. They also delight in the dry parts
+of drowned Fens, overgrown with long Reeds, Rushes and Sedges; as
+likewise in half-drowned Moors, hollow Vales of Downs, Heaths, _&c._
+Where obscurely they may lurk under the Shelter of Hedges, Hills,
+Bushes, _&c._
+
+The _Lesser_, or Web-footed, _Fowle_, allwayes haunt drowned Fens, as
+likewise the main streams of Rivers not subject to Freeze, the deeper
+and broader, the better; (tho of these the _Wild-Goose_ and _Barnacle_,
+if they cannot sound the depth, and reach the Ouze, change their
+Residence for shallow places, and delight in Green-Winter-Corn,
+especially if the Lands ends have Water about them:) _Small Fowle_ also
+frequent hugely little Brooks, Ponds, drowned Meadows, Pastures, Moors,
+Plashes, Meres, Loughs, and Lakes, stored with unfrequented Islands,
+Shrubs, _&c._
+
+
+_How to take all manner of Fowl or Birds._
+
+For taking the first (I mean the greater _Fowle_) with _Nets_, observe
+in general this: Come two hours before their feeding hours, Morning and
+Evening; and spreading your Net on the Ground smooth and flat, stake the
+two lower ends firm, and let the upper ends be extended on the long
+Cord; of which the further end must be fastned to the ground, three
+Fathom from the Net, the stake in a direct Line with the lower Verge of
+the Net; the other, ten or twelve fathoms long, have in your hand at the
+aforesaid distance, and get some shelter of Art or Nature, to keep you
+from the curious and shie Eye of your Game; having your Net so ready
+that the least pull may do your work, Strew'd over with Grass as it lies
+to hide it: A live _Herne_, or some other Fowle lately taken, according
+to what you seek for, will be very requisite for a _Stale_. And you will
+have sport from the Dawning, till the Sun is about an hour high; but no
+longer; and from Sun-set till Twilight; these being their feeding times.
+
+For the _small_ (Water) _Fowle_. Observe the Evening is best before
+Sun-set. Stake down your Nets on each side the River half a foot within
+the Water, the lower part so plumb'd as to sink no further; the upper
+slantwise shoaling against, but not touching by two foot, the Water, and
+the Strings which bear up this upper side fastned to small yeilding
+sticks prickt in the Bank, that as the Fowle strike may ply to the Nets
+to entangle them. And thus lay your Nets (as many as you please) about
+twelve score one from another, as the River or Brook will afford. And
+doubt not your success. To expedite it however, a _Gun_ fired three or
+four times in the _Fens_ and _Plashes_, a good distance from your Nets,
+will affright and post them to your Snares; and so do at the _Rivers_,
+when you lay in the _Fens_. Thus much in general for _Nets_, I come next
+to _Bird-Lime_.
+
+_Winter time_ is the most proper for taking all manner of _Small Birds_,
+as flocking then promiscuously together, _Larks_, _Lennets_,
+_Chaffinches_, _Goldfinches_, _Yellow-Hammers_, &c. with this
+_Bird-lime_, made as afore-spoken; only additionally thus ordered. Put
+to a quarter of a pound of _Bird-lime_, an Ounce of fresh _Lard_, or
+_Capons-grease_, and let it gently melt together over the Fire, but not
+Boyl; then take a quantity of _Wheat-ears_, as you think your use shall
+require, and cut the straw about a foot long besides the Ears, and from
+the Ear _Lime_ the straw Six inches; the warmer it is, the less
+discernable it will be: Then to the _Field_ adjacent, carrying a bag of
+Chaff, and thresh'd Ears, scatter them twenty Yards wide, and stick the
+_lim'd Ears_ (declining downwards) here, and there; Then traverse the
+_Fields_, disturb their _Haunts_, they will repair to your Snare, and
+pecking at the Ears, finding they stick to them, mount; and the _Lim'd_
+straws, lapping under their Wings, dead their flight, they cannot be
+disengaged, but fall and be taken they must. Do not go near them, till
+they rise of their own accord, and let not five or six entangled lead
+you to spoyl your Game, and incur the loss of five or six dozen.
+_Barn-doors_, _Thatcht-Houses_, and such like places, are excellent too
+for the use of these _Lime-straws_. _A Clap- Net_, and _Lanthorn_, in a
+dark night rub'd at the Eaves of Houses, is a common practice.
+
+_Lime-Twigs_, is another Expedient for taking of Great _Fowle_, being
+Rods that are long, small, straight, and pliable, the upper part (apt to
+play to and fro) being besmeared with _Bird-lime_ warm. Thus to be used,
+Observe the Haunts of the _Fowle_, have a _Stale_, (a living Fowle of
+the same kind you would take) and cross pricking your Rods, one into,
+and another against the Wind sloping, a foot distant one from the other,
+pin down your _Stale_, some distance from them, tying some small string
+to him, to pull and make him flutter to allure the _Fowle_ down. If any
+be caught, do not run presently upon them, their fluttering will
+encrease your Game. A well taught _Spaniel_ is not amiss to retake those
+that are entangled, and yet flutter away. Thus likewise for the _Water_,
+consult the Rivers depth, and let your Rods be proportionable; what is
+_Limed_ of them being above the Water, and a _Mallard_, &c. as a _Stale_
+placed here and there, as aforesaid. You need not wait on them, but
+three times a day visit them, and see your _Game_; if you miss any Rods
+(therefore know their Number) some Fowle entangled is got away with it,
+into some Hole, _&c._ and here your _Spaniel_ will be serviceable to
+find him.
+
+For _Small-Birds_, a _Lime-bush_ is best; thus, Cut down a great Bough
+of a _Birch_, or _Willow-Tree_, trim it clean, and _Lime_ it handsomely,
+within four fingers of the bottom: Place this _Bush_ so ordered, in some
+quick-set, or dead _Hedge_, in _Spring_ time: In _Harvest_, or _Summer_,
+in _Groves_, _Bushes_, _Hedges_, _Fruit-Trees_, _Flax_, and
+_Hemp-Lands_: In _Winter_, about _Houses_, _Hovells_, _Barns_, _Stacks_,
+&c. A _Bird-Call_ is here also necessary, or your own industrious skill
+in the Notes of several Birds. _Lime-twigs_ are likewise used, stuck on
+_Hemp-cocks_, which take vast Numbers of _Lennets_, and _Green-Birds_,
+that love that _Diet_. An _Owle_ placed near your _Lime-twigs_, is
+likewise an Excellent _Stale_, for being persecuted by all other
+_Birds_, they flock about him, and dye with Hatred; I mean, being taken
+by you, in their eager, and malicious Persecution of poor _Tom_. Some
+have Natural, others Artificial _Owles_, and with either fear not
+Success. And thus you may do, in any particular _Game_, with your
+_Twigs_, and _Stale_ of the same kind, as, _Snipes_, _Felfares_,
+_Pigeons_, &c.
+
+And here I must not forget the _Farmers_ Advantage, to destroy his
+_Corn_-destroyers, _Rooks_, but give him this Advice: Take some thick
+_Brown-paper_, divide a sheet into Eight parts, and make them into the
+fashion of _Sugar-Loaves_; _Lime_ them a little in the inside, and put
+some _Corn_ in them (if in _Ploughing_ time, _Wormes_, and _Maggots_)
+lay _Three_ or _Four Score_ up and down the Land, under (if you can)
+some Clod, early, before feeding time: Be at some distance, and behold
+the ensuing Sport. Your _Pigeons_, _Rooks_, _Crows_, &c. comeing to pick
+out the _Corn_ or _Worms_, the _Pyramidal-snare_ hangs on their heads,
+they fly straight upright, almost out of sight, and as if some _Gun_ in
+the Ayr had met with them, down they come tumbling (being spent) and
+become your Prey.
+
+Thus much in general of taking all manner of _Fowle_, by _Net_, or
+_Lime_, I come next to know their best Seasons, when to use them, and
+the first (the _Net_) is from the beginning of _May_, to the latter end
+of _October_; and the last (the _Lime_) in the _Winter_ only, beginning
+from _November_, and ending at _May_, in which times, there being no
+Leaves, your _Lime-Bushes_, and _Branches_ of _Trees_ are of one and the
+same Hue.
+
+And because Gentlemen who have _Fish-ponds_, wonder they loose so many
+_Fish_, and are apt to Censure sometimes undeservedly their Neighbours,
+when it is the insatiable _Hern_, that is the true cause: I shall next
+lay down the best and most approved way of taking the great
+_Fish-devouring Herne_, whose _Haunt_ having found, observe this Method
+to take him. Get three or four small _Roaches_, or _Dace_, take a strong
+_Hook_, (not too rank) with Wyre to it, and draw the Wyre just within
+the skin, from the side of the _Gills_, to the _Taile_ of the said
+_Fish_, and he will live four or five dayes, (if dead, the _Herne_ will
+not touch it.) Then having a strong Line, of a dark-_Green-Silk_,
+twisted with Wyre, about three yards long, tye a round stone of a pound
+to it, and lay three or four such hooks, but not too deep in the Water,
+out of the _Herne's_ wading; and two or three Nights will answer your
+Expectation.
+
+And here I thought to conclude this Discourse of _Fowling_, but the
+young _Tyro_ or _Beginner_ in the Acquest of this Noble Art, pulls me
+back again, and whispers this Question in my Ear, How to take
+_Pheasants_, _Partridges_, &c. in particular, by either of the
+forementioned wayes, as, _Nets_, _Lime_, _Engine_, _Driving_, or
+_Setting_; because of all _Fowl_ for _Game_, these two are esteemed as
+the most Gentile, and Profitable? I shall answer his Curiosity, and for
+his Instruction, propose these ensuing Rules, though what I have said in
+general of Great _Fowl_ might suffice.
+
+
+_The severall wayes of taking _Pheasants_._
+
+For to take _Pheasants_ with _Nets_, first find their _Haunts_, or
+_Coverts_, which are generally in thick, young, well-grown _Copses_,
+solitary and untraced by Men or Cattle, and not in Old High _Woods_; and
+never in open _Fields_. Which having assured knowledge of, the next
+thing is to find out the _Eye_, or _Brood_ of _Pheasants_, wich
+according to the best Experience is thus. You must learn and understand
+the several Notes of a Natural _Pheasant-Call_, and how usefully to
+apply them. In the Morning just before, or at _Sun-rising_, call them to
+feed, and so at _Sun-setting_: In the _Forenoon_, and _Afternoon_, your
+Note must be to Cluck them together to _Brood_, or to chide them for
+straggling, or to notify some danger at hand.
+
+Thus skilled in their _Notes_, and by the Darkness, Solitaryness, and
+strong undergrowth of the place assured of their _Haunts_, closely lodge
+your self, and softly at first call; lest being near you, a loud _Note_
+affright them; and no Reply made, raise your _Note_ gradually, to the
+highest; and if there be a _Pheasant_ in hearing, he will answer you,
+in as loud a _Note_. Be sure it be Tunable. As soon as you are answered,
+creep nearer to it; if far off, and a single _Fowl_, as you call, and
+approach, so will the _Pheasant_. Having gotten sight of her, on the
+_Ground_, or _Perch_, cease calling, and with all silence possible,
+spread your _Net_ conveniently, between the _Pheasant_, and you, one end
+of the _Net_ fastned to the _Ground_, and the other end, hold by a long
+Line in your hand, by which you may pull it together, if strained; then
+call again, and as you see the _Pheasant_ come under your _Net_, rise
+and shew your self, and affrighting her, she will mount, and so is
+taken. Thus if on the contrary you have divers _Answers_, from several
+_Corners_ of the _Coppice_, and you keep your place and not stir, they
+will come to your Call, and then having a pair of _Nets_, spread one on
+each side, and do as before. Your _Nets_ must be made of _Green_ or
+_Black_ double-twin'd _Thread_, the _Mesh_ about an inch square, between
+_Knot_, and _Knot_, the whole _Net_ about three _Fathom_ long, and Seven
+_Foot_ broad, verged with strong small Cord on each side and ends, to
+lye hollow and compass-wise.
+
+The next way of taking _Pheasant-Powts_, is by _Driving_ thus. Having
+found the _Haunt_ of an _Eye of Pheasants_, known by the _Barrenness_ of
+the place, _Mutings_ and loose Feathers, then in the little Pads and
+Wayes, like Sheep-tracks, they have made, place your Nets (taking the
+wind with you) a-cross these Paths, hollow, loose and circularly, the
+nether part fixt to the ground, and the upper side hollow, _&c._ as
+aforesaid: Then to their _Haunt_, and there _call_ them together,
+if scattered; then with a _Driver_, an Instrument like that of
+_Cloath-dressers_, rake gently the Bushes and Boughs about you, the
+_Powts_ will run, and stop and listen; then give a nother rake, and so
+you will drive them like sheep into your Nets: Observe in this
+_Secrecy_, _Time_ and _Leisure_, or you spoyl your sport; _Secrecy_ in
+concealing your self from being seen by them; and _Time_ and _Leisure_,
+by not being too hasty.
+
+Lastly for taking _Pheasants_ with the _Lime-Bush_, or Rods, order
+these, as I have before prescribed; your Rods about twelve Inches long,
+and your Bush containing not above eight Twigs, with a pretty long
+Handle, sharpned to stick in the Ground, or Bushes, Shrubs, _&c._ and
+let it be planted as near the _Pheasants pearching Branch_, as may be.
+Place your Rods on the Ground, near the Bush; which will help the Bush;
+for when some are taken below by the Rods, they will scare up the others
+to get on the Bushes to seek what's become of their Fellows, and there
+become your Prey themselves. Thus provided, keep close not to be
+discovered; out with your Call, and use it _Skilfully_ and well, and you
+need not fear Game. Number the Rods you planted, and if any be missing,
+some _Pheasant_ is crept away with it, and here let your Spaniel be
+employed to serve you in finding out the last sanctuary of the poor
+_Pheasant_, thus shunning his inevitable Captivity and Death.
+
+
+_For taking Partridge._
+
+As in all the foregoing Sports, the _Place_ where to find them is our
+first Enquiry, so here (as you did of the _Pheasant_) you must first
+find the _Partridges Haunt_. Which is mostly in standing-Corn-Fields,
+where they breed; as likewise in Stubble after the Corn is cut,
+especially Wheat-stubble till it is trodden, and then they repair to
+Barley-Stubble, if fresh; and the Furrows amongst the Clots, Brambles
+and long Grass, are sometimes their lurking places, for Twenty and
+upward in a Covy. In the _Winter_ in up-land Meadows, in the dead Grass
+or Fog under Hedges, among Mole-Hills; or under the Roots of Trees,
+_&c._ Various and uncertain are their _Haunts_. And tho some by the
+_Eye_, by distinguishing their Colour from the ground, others by the
+_Ear_, by hearing the Cock call earnestly the Hen, and the Hens
+answering, and chattering with Joy at meeting, do find _Partridge_; yet
+the best, easiest and safest way of finding them is (as you do the
+_Pheasant_) by the Call or Pipe; applying your Notes seasonable, as
+before prescribed, and they will come near to you, and you may count
+their Numbers, and to your sport.
+
+Surround your Covy, prepare your Nets, and pricking a stick fast in the
+ground, tye the one end to it, and let your Nets fall as you walk
+briskly round without stopping, and cover the _Partridge_; then rush in
+upon them to frighten them, and as they rise they are taken.
+
+For taking them with _Bird-Lime_, thus. Call first near the _Haunt_; if
+answered, stick about your _Lime-Straws_ (of which I have spoken before)
+a-cross in ranks two or three Lands, at some distance from you; then
+call again, and as they approach you, they are intercepted by the
+Straws; and to your Prey. This way is used most successfully in
+Stubble-Fields, from _August_ to _September_: And Rods in Woods,
+Pastures, _&c._ as for the _Pheasant_.
+
+But lastly, above all (to omit all others) the most pleasant way of
+taking Partridge is with a _Setting-Dog_ (of which I have spoken before
+and refer you thither) who having set them, (known by the already
+mentioned signs) use your Net, as you have heard just now: And by these
+Rules and Method, the _Railes_, _Quailes_, _Moorpootes_, _&c._ are to be
+taken; and are for _Hawks_ flight too. And here I must make an end of
+the most material part of _Fowling_.
+
+For as for treating of all manner of _Singing Birds_, their _Taking_,
+which in general hath been before observed, their _Preserving_ and
+_Keeping_, their _Natural Breeding_ and _Feeding_, is a Work of such
+common Observation, and so differing from the Design of this Treatise of
+_Violent_ and _Brisk Exercises_, that omitting it altogether here, shall
+refer you to the Venders of them, whom you may meet with in every
+Street, and furnish your self at easy rates; and are indeed but _Voces &
+praeterea Nihil_.
+
+Thus much for _Fowling_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Fishing.
+
+
+So _Ancient_, so _Innocent_, so _Vertuous_, and so _Useful_ is this
+Recreation, that all the foregoing Divertisements, must needs give place
+to this, and however (inadvertently) it comes in here, challenges a
+Preference, and Acceptance before any Pleasure can by the heart of Man
+be desired. As for its _Antiquity_ some attribute its Knowledge to
+_Belus_ Son of _Nimrod_, who first invented all Vertuous Sports; others
+to _Seth_ and his Sons, he having left it on brazen Pillars engraven
+with indelible Characters not to be obliterated by the ensuing Flood.
+_Job_ makes mention of Fishing, who Lived as may be supposed before
+_Moses_; nor is it questionable, whether the illustrious Patriarchs used
+not this Recreation. Certain it is, there were many _Fishermen_ before
+_Christs_ Coming, whose sole Dependance was on this Innocent Art.
+_Innocent_ indeed and harmless, when the Lamb of God himself
+_recommended_ it (as I may say) as such, by his Divine Call of four
+_Fishermen_, to be his Disciples, and by distinguishing & dignifying
+them with the greatest _Intimacy_ with himself, and chiefest place in
+the _Apostolical Catalogue_; and by the Inspiration of his Spirit
+ennobled their Function; he made them Eminent _Fishers of men_. Nay, at
+the expence of a _Miracle_, he shewed the _Lawful Use_ of Fishing, when
+the mouth of _Peter's_ Fish he commanded him to take, was the
+_Tribute-Money's Purse_. And why our Saviour made his first Election of
+Fishermen, before others, this may be the undoubted Reason: Because he
+knew such men were naturally of more Contemplative and Serene Minds, of
+more Calme, Peaceable, and sweet Dispositions; And let me add too in the
+next place, because it is the School of Vertue (as I may call it)
+wherein the Primitive Christian Vertues are learnt and exercised.
+_Patience_ is the immediate Vertue wherewith the _Angler_ is endued,
+without which the Pleasure doth no longer exist; and attended with her
+three Sisters compleat his Delight. For _Justice_ directs him to the due
+Place of Sport, where he may freely exercise his Art, without Injury or
+Incivility to his Neighbours: _Temperance_ prescribes a _Measure_ to the
+Action, and moderates and rules the Affections. And lastly _Fortitude_
+encourages and strengthens his mind, to support the Labour and undergo
+with Perseverance all Disappointments, excludes _Passion_ (incident to
+other Recreations,) at the loss of a Hook, or (perhaps that he never
+had) a Fish. It makes him not fear Wind nor Weather, nor is his delight
+sowered at last with _Melancholy_ and Vexation; but tho the Anglers
+Reward is but a little Fish, for a great deal of Pains, the Contentment
+and Satisfaction is above that. Finally the _Usefulness_ of it is
+apparently great; for the cherishing the Body, and cheering the Mind,
+for diverting Sadness, and calming unquiet Thoughts, for moderating
+Passions and procuring Contentedness, and begetting Peace and Patience
+in those that profess and practise it. It has been the Recreation of
+Gods Saints, and Holy Fathers; and of many Worthy and Reverend Divines,
+this hath been and is now their beloved Pastime. And so I shall conclude
+this _Encomium_ of Fishing; Volumes may be written in its praise (in
+which I am something wanting in the other foregoing Sports, this
+claiming it as its just due above the rest) but I long to tell you
+_How_, _When_ and _Where_, you may taste its Delight.
+
+
+It hath been the Method of this whole Treatise, to divide the several
+distinct Heads of each Recreation into three Parts, to render the
+Observations and Rules the more plain and easy, for the prosecuting the
+Recreation we treat of.
+
+1. _What_ it is we pursue.
+
+2. _Where_ and _When_ to find that we would delight our selves in.
+
+3. _With what_ proper _Mediums_ or Measures we may obtain the desired
+Effects of our endeavours therein. And in this delightful Scene of
+Pastime, we now treat of, Fishing, so full of Variety and Choice,
+I shall observe the same Method.
+
+
+First then, _What_ we pursue is Fish, distinguished according to their
+sundry kinds by these following _Names_.
+
+  The _Barbel_, _Breame_, _Bleak_, _Bulhead_, or Millers-Thumb;
+  _Chevin_, _Char_, _Chub_, _Carp_; _Dace_, _Dare_; _Eel_; _Flounder_;
+  _Grayling_, _Gudgeon_, _Guiniad_; _Loach_; _Minnow_; _Pope_ or
+  _Pike_, _Pearch_; _Rud_, _Roach_; _Sticklebag_ or Bansticle,
+  _Salmon_, _Shad_, _Suant_; _Tench_, _Torcoth_, _Trout_, _Thwait_,
+  and _Umber_. All these Alphabetically thus named are the different
+  sorts of Fish, in taking which the Angler commonly exercises his
+  Art. We come next, _Where_ to find them.
+
+I. To know the _Haunts_ and Resorts of Fish, in which they are to be
+usually found, is the most Material thing the Angler ought to be
+instructed in, lest he vainly prepare _how to take_ them, and
+preposterously seek _where to find_ that he prepared for. To prevent
+which you are first to understand, That as the Season of the Year is, so
+_Fish_ change their places: In _Summer_, some keep near the Top, others
+the bottom of the Waters. In _Winter_, all _Fish_ in general resort to
+deep Waters. But more particularly,
+
+The _Barbel_, _Roach_, _Dace_, and _Ruff_, covet most _Sandy, Gravelly
+Ground_, the deepest part of the _River_, and the Shadows of _Trees_.
+
+_Breame_, _Pike_, and _Chub_, delight in a _Clay_, and _Ouzie Ground_:
+The _Bream_ chooseth the middle of the _River_, in a gentle not too
+rapid Stream: The _Pike_ prefereth still Waters, full of _Fry_, and
+absconding himself amongst _Bull-Rushes_, _Water-docks_, or under
+_Bushes_, that under these shelters he may more securely surprize and
+seize his Prey: The _Chub_ too chooses the same Ground, large Rivers and
+Streams, and is rarely destitute of some Tree to cover and shade him.
+
+_Carp_, _Tench_ and _Eel_, frequent foul muddy still Waters. The
+_greatest Eels_ lurk under Stones, or Roots; the _smallest_ ones are
+found in all sorts of Rivers or Soyls: The _Carp_ is for the deepest
+stillest part of Pond or River, and so is the _Tench_, and both delight
+in green Weeds.
+
+_Pearch_ delighteth in gentle Streams of a reasonable Depth, not too
+shallow; close by a Hollow Bank is their common Sanctuary.
+
+_Gudgeon_ covets Sandy, Gravelly, Gentle Streams, and smaller Rivers;
+not so much abounding in Brooks. He bites best in Spring, till they
+spawn, and a little after till _Wasp_ time.
+
+The _Salmon_ delights in large swift Rivers, which ebb and flow; and are
+there plentifully to be found: As likewise Rocky and Weedy Rivers. But
+in the latter end of the Year he is to be found high up in the Country,
+in swift and violent Cataracts, coming thither to spawn.
+
+The _Trout_ loves small swift purling Brooks or Rivers, that run upon
+Stones or Gravel, and in the swiftest deepest part of them, getteth
+behind some Stone-Block and there feeds. He delights in a Point of a
+River where the Water comes Whirling like the Eddy, to catch what the
+Stream brings down, especially if he has the Shade of a Tree: He hugely
+delights to lurk under some hollow Bank or Stone; seldom among Weeds.
+
+_Shad_, _Thwait_, _Plaice_, _Peel_, _Mullet_, _Suant_ and _Flownder_,
+covet chiefly to be in or near the Salt or Brackish Waters, which ebb
+and flow: The last, _viz._ the _Flownder_, have been taken in fresh
+Rivers, as coveting Sand and Gravel, deep gentle streams, near Banks,
+_&c._
+
+Lastly the _Umber_ affects Marly Clay Ground, clear and swift Streams,
+far from the Sea; the greatest Plenty of these Fish is found in
+_Derbyshire_ and _Staffordshire_.
+
+Thus much for the _Haunts_ of Fish; I come next to know _When_ is the
+most _seasonable time_ to catch them; which before I speak to, let him
+that would become a compleat Angler, take this Rule. That he observe
+narrowly what Pond or River soever he fisheth in, whether it be slimy,
+muddy, stoney or gravelly; whether of a swift or slow Motion; As
+likewise that he know the Nature of each Fish, and what Baits are most
+proper for every kind: Not to let his Knowledg be circumscribed to one
+or two particular Rivers, whither he is invited to Angle and take his
+Observations by the Vicinity of his House; but to let his Knowledge be
+_general_, and consequently his Sport will be so too. His Ignorance
+otherwise will oblige him to be a Spectator in another River, when his
+Excellency is confined to that only experienced one in or near his own
+Parish or House. But to proceed,
+
+II. To understand the best _Time when_ to Angle in, We must first
+consider Affirmatively, when most _Seasonable_: Or, 2. Negatively, when
+_Unseasonable_.
+
+1. _Seasonable_ Angling is, When the Weather is calme, serene and clear;
+tho the Cool cloudy Weather in Summer is to be preferred, provided the
+Wind blow not too boistrously, to hinder your easy Guiding your Tools;
+In the hottest Months the cooler the better.
+
+2. When a Violent shower hath disturbed the Water and mudded it, then
+with a _Red Worm_, Angle in the Stream at the ground.
+
+3. A little before Fish spawn, when they repair to Gravely Fords to rub
+and loosen their full Bellies; they bite freely.
+
+4. From Sun-rising till eight of the Clock in the Morning, and from four
+in the Afternoon till night for _Carp_ and _Tench_. In _June_ and
+_July_, _Carps_ shew themselves on the very rim of the Water, then Fish
+with a _Lob-Worm_, as you would with a Natural Flye. But be sure to keep
+out of sight.
+
+5. In _March_, _April_, and _September_, and all _VVinter_, when the Air
+is clear, serene and warm. And after a showre of Rain, which hath only
+beaten the _Gnats_, and _Flies_ into the _River_, without muddying. The
+two first mentioned Months with _May_, and part of _June_, are most
+proper for the _Fly_; _Nine_ in the Morning, and _Three_ a Clock in the
+Afternoon, is the best time; as likewise, when the _Gnats_ play much in
+a warm Evening.
+
+6. In a _Cloudy_, and _VVindy_ day, after a _Moon-shine_ clear Night,
+for the brightness of the Night (through fear) making them abstain from
+feeding, and the Gloominess of the Day emboldening and rendering them
+(through Hunger) sharp, and eager upon food, they bite then freely.
+
+7. _Lastly_, At the opening of _Mill-dams_ or _Sluces_, you will find
+_Trouts_, &c. come forth seeking food, brought down by the Water. We
+come next to demonstrate the time not proper, _i. e._
+
+2. _Unseasonable_ Angling in short is, When the Earth is parched, and
+scorched with Vehement _Heat_, and _Drought_; benummed and frozen with
+_Cold_, _Frost_, and _Snow_; or refrigerated with Spring _Hoar-Frosts_;
+or blasted with the sharp, bitter, nipping, _North_, or _East_ Winds: Or
+when blustring _Boreas_ disorders your well guiding your Tackling; or
+the _Sheep-Shearers Washings_ glutted the _Fish_, and anticipated your
+_Bait_; when the withdrawing of your sport, foretells a Storm, and
+advises you to some shelter; or Lastly, when the night proves Dark, and
+Cloudy, you need not trouble your self the next day, 'tis to no purpose,
+_&c._
+
+Thus much shall suffice for the two first Parts I proposed to treat of,
+_viz._ What we seek after in this Recreation, and Where, and When to
+find it; I come next to speak of the several _Implements_, and
+_Tackling_ we ought to be provided with, for the prosecuting the same;
+and then to our Sport.
+
+III. For providing _Stocks_, the best time is the Winter _Solstice_,
+when the Sap is in the Roots of Trees, and their Leaves gone. It is
+improper after _January_, the Sap then ascending into the Trunk, and
+expanding it self over all the Branches. See that your Stocks be
+_Taper-grown_, and your Tops of the best _Ground-Hazle_, that can be
+had, smooth, slender, and straight, of an Ell-long, pliant, and bending;
+and yet of a strength, that a reasonable jerk cannot break it, but it
+will return to its first straightness; lest otherwise you endanger your
+Line. Keep them two full years, before you use them; having preserved
+them from Worm-eating, or Rotting, by thrice a year rubbing and chaffing
+them well with Butter (if sweet) or Linsed or Sallet-Oyl; and if Bored,
+Oyl poured into the Holes, and bathed four and twenty houres in it, and
+then thrown out again, will exceedingly preserve them.
+
+But why should I further trouble my self with prescribing any Rules for
+the ordering the Angle-Rod, since every Cane-shop in _London_ will
+furnish us at an easy rate, with Rods of Cane, that shall suit with the
+sport we designe; the usual Objection of their _Colour_ and Stiffness
+being taken away, the first by covering it with Parchment or thin
+Leather, dyed as you please; and the other by the length and strength of
+the Top, being as before.
+
+The next thing we come to prepare is the _Line_, which though easy, yet
+admits of some Rule; wherefore to make it neat, handsome and strong,
+twist the Hair you make it of _even_, having seen if the Hair be of an
+equal bigness; then steep your Line in Water, to see if the Hairs
+shrink, if so, you must twist them over again. The _Colour_ of the Hair
+is best of _Sorrel_, _White_ and _Grey_; Sorrel for muddy boggy Rivers,
+and the two last for clear Waters. Nor is the _Pale watry green_
+contemptible, dyed thus: Take a pint of strong _Ale_, half a pound of
+_Soot_, a little of the Juice of _Walnut-Leaves_ and _Allum_; Boyle
+these together in a Pipkin half an hour, take it off, and when 'tis
+cold, put in your Hair. In making your Line of Hair mix not Silk; but
+either all Hair, or all Silk; as likewise distinguish the Line for the
+Ground Angle, and that for the Fly-Rod, the last must be stronger than
+the first; in that for the Artificial Fly, making the uppermost Link
+twenty Hairs long, less in the next, and so less till you come to the
+Fly. Lastly at each end of your Line make a Loop (called a _Bow_) the
+one _Larger_, to fasten to, and take it from the top of your Rod, and
+the other _Lesser_ to hang your Hook-line on.
+
+Your _Hook_ comes next, and requires your Care, That it be Long in the
+shank, something Round in compass, the point straight and even, and
+bending in the shank. Set on your Hook with strong small Silk, laying
+your Hair on the inside of the Hook.
+
+Your _Flote_ challenges divers wayes of making. Some using _Muscovy_
+Duck-quills for still Waters. Others the best sound Cork without flaws
+or holes, bored through with a hot Iron, and a Quill of a fit proportion
+put into it; then pared into a pyramidal Form, or in the fashion of a
+small Peare, to what bigness you please, and ground smooth with a
+Grindstone or Pumice; this is best for strong Streams.
+
+In fine, _To plum the Ground_, get a _Carbine_ Bullet bored through, and
+in a strong twist hanged on your _Hook_ or Rod. To sharpen your _Hook_,
+carry a little _Whetstone_. To carry your several Utensils without
+incommoding your Tackle, have several _Partitions_ of Parchment. And in
+short the Ingenious Angler will not be unprovided of his _Bob_ and
+_Palmer_; his _Boxes_ of all sizes for his _Hooks_, _Corks_, _Silk_,
+_Thread_, _Flies_, _Lead_, &c. His _Linnen_ and _Woollen Bait-Bags_; His
+splinted _Osier light Pannier_; And lastly his _Landing Hook_, with a
+Screw at the end to screw it into the socket of a Pole, & stricken into
+the Fish, to draw it to Land: To which socket, a Hook to cut up the
+Weeds, and another to pull out Wood, may be fastned.
+
+But all those Implements I have described, serve to no purpose, if we do
+not observe to have the _Agents_ and Effecters of our Pastime in store,
+I mean proper _Baits_ and Inticements to take your Fish. Which branch
+themselves into three Kinds.
+
+First, The _Life-baits_, which are all kind of _Worms_, _Redworm_,
+_Maggot_, _Dors_, _Froggs_, _Bobb_, _Brown-Flies_, _Grashoppers_,
+_Hornets_, _Wasps_, _Bees_, _Snails_, small _Roaches_, _Bleak_,
+_Gudgeon_, or _Loaches_.
+
+Secondly, _Artificial living Baits_, of _Flyes_ of all sorts and shapes,
+made about your Hooks with Silk and Feathers, at all times seasonable,
+especially in blustering Weather.
+
+Lastly, _Dead Baits_, Pasts of all maings, Wasps dryed or undryed,
+clotted _Sheeps-blood_, _Cheese_, _Bramble-berries_, _Corn_, _Seeds_,
+_Cherries_, &c. The two first good in _May_, _June_ and _July_, the two
+next in _April_; and the last in the _Fall_ of the Leaf.
+
+
+_Of Flies._
+
+Of _Natural_ Flies there are innumerable, and therefore it cannot be
+expected I can particularize all; but some of their Names I shall
+nominate, _viz._ The _Dun-Fly_, _Red-Fly_, _May-Fly_, _Tawny-Fly_,
+_Moor-Fly_, _Shell-Fly_, _Flag-Fly_, _Vine-Fly_, _Cloudy_ or
+_Blackish-Fly_, _Canker-Flies_, _Bear-Flies_, _Caterpillars_, and
+thousands more, differing according to the Soiles, Rivers or Plants.
+
+_Artificial Flies_, are made by the ingenious Angler, according to Art,
+in shape, colour and proportion like the Natural Fly, of _Fur_, _Wool_,
+_Silk_, _Feathers_, &c. To delineate which I must confess my self not so
+accurate and skilful a Painter, nor can any Pen-drawing illustrate their
+Various Colours so, as to direct their Artificial Counterfeit; Nature
+will help him in this by Observation, curiously Flourishing their
+several Orient and bright Colours, after which they take their names,
+as before said: And therefore to furnish your self with both Natural and
+Artificial _Flyes_, repair in the morning to the River, and with a Rod
+beat the Bushes that hang over the Water, and take your Choice; This is
+a Rule whereby you may know by their Number what _Fly_ the Fish affect
+most, and accordingly to use it; taking with you these following
+Directions.
+
+1. Observe to Angle with the Artificial _Fly_ in Rivers disturbed
+somewhat by Rain, or in a Cloudy day, the Wind blowing gently: If the
+Wind be not so high, but you may well guide your Tackle, in plain Deeps
+is to be found the best Fish, and best Sport: If small Wind breeze, in
+swift streams is best Angling: Be sure to keep your _Fly_ in perpetual
+slow motion; and observe that the Weather suit the Colour of your _Fly_,
+as the light Colour'd in a Clear day, the Darkish in a dark, _&c._ As
+likewise according to the Waters Complexions, have your Fly suitable.
+
+2. Let your Line be twice as long as your Rod: Keep as far as you can
+from the Waterside, the Sun on your back; In casting your Fly, let that
+fall first; your Line not touching the Water.
+
+3. Have a nimble Eye, and active quick Hand to strike presently upon the
+rising of the Fish, lest finding his mistake he spew out the Hook.
+
+4. In slow Rivers cast your Fly cross them, let it sink a little, draw
+it back gently, without breaking or circling the Water; let the Fly
+float with the Current, and you will not fail of excellent Sport.
+
+5. Observe to let the Wings of your _Salmon-Flys_ to be one behind
+another, whether two or four, and they and the Tail long, and of the
+finest gaudiest Colours you can choose.
+
+_Lastly_, In clear Rivers a small _Fly_ with slender Wings is best, and
+in muddied Rivers a Fly of a more than Ordinary large Body.
+
+
+Thus much for Flies, I come next to that I called _Dead-Baits_, and
+shall begin with the several Wayes of making Pastes.
+
+
+_Of Pastes._
+
+1. Beat in a Mortar the Leg of a young _Coney_ (Vulgarly called the
+_Almond_) or of a Whelp or Catling, and a quantity of Virgins Wax and
+_Sheeps_ suet, till they are incorporated, and temper them with
+clarified _Honey_ into Paste.
+
+2. _Sheeps_ Blood, _Cheese_, fine _Manchet_ and clarified _Honey_
+tempered as before.
+
+3. _Sheeps_-Kidney-Suet, _Cheese_, fine Flower, with clarified _Honey_
+tempered.
+
+4. _Cherries_, _Sheeps_ Blood, _Saffron_ and fine _Manchet_ made into a
+Paste.
+
+5. Beat into a Paste; the fattest Old _Cheese_, the strongest _Rennet_
+can be got, fine _Wheat-flower_ and _Annis-seed_ Water: If for a _Chub_
+you make the Paste, put a little rafty _Bacon_.
+
+Lastly, _Mutton_-Kidney Suet, and _Turmerick_ reduced to a fine Powder,
+the fattest old _Cheese_ and strongest _Rennet_, wrought to a Paste,
+adding _Turmerick_, till the Paste be of a curious Yellow; and is
+excellent and approved for _Chevin_.
+
+All which Pastes when you use them, that you may have the desired
+Effects of your Pains infallibly follow, anoint your Bait with this
+Confection: Take the Oyl of _Aspray_, _Coculus India_, and _Assa Foetida_
+beaten, and mix with it as much Life-_Honey_; then dissolve them in the
+Oyle of _Polypody_, and keep it in a close Glass for your use. And that
+your Paste may not wash off your Hook, beat Cotten-Wool or Flax into it.
+
+
+_Of keeping Baits._
+
+For the keeping and preserving all quick Baits, you must keep them
+separately as they are several, not altogether; and feed them with that
+they most delight in; as for instance, in short:
+
+The _Red-Worm_, must be kept in a bag of Red Cloth, with a handful of
+chopt _Fennel_, mixt with half so much fresh, black and fertile Mould,
+will scoure and preserve them: All other Worms, with the Leaves of Trees
+they are bred on, renewing them often in a day. Only the _Cad-bait_,
+_Bob_ and _Canker_, &c. must be kept in the same things you find them.
+
+The great _White Maggots_, keep them in Sheeps-Tallow, or little bits of
+a beasts Liver; and to scoure them, hang them warm in a bag of
+Blanketing with Sand.
+
+The _Frogs and Grasshoppers_, in wet Moss and long Grass, frequently
+moistned; and when used, the Legs of the first, and the Wings of the
+other must be cut close off.
+
+The _Flies_ use them as you take them. Only the _Wasps_, _Hornets_ and
+_Humble-Bee_, must be dryed in an Oven, their heads dipt in Sheeps
+blood, and dryed again, may be kept in a Box for use.
+
+Thus much shall suffice for the Anglers Tools and Baits, I shall now
+lead him to his Sport, having first Clad himself with all inward and
+outward Ornaments.
+
+_Inward_, In having his Mind cloathed with these Qualifications, _viz._
+
+1. _Learning_, throughly to understand his Art, and skilfully argue and
+dispute its Excellency, _&c._
+
+2. _Faith_, to enjoy the Benefit of his Expectation.
+
+3. _Love_, to his Pleasure, not thinking it irksom and tedious, to his
+Neighbour, in not offending him.
+
+4. _Patience_, In not excruciating himself for Accidents of Losses,
+_&c._
+
+5. _Humility_, in wetting himself, lying down, kneeling, _&c._ as
+Occasion requires.
+
+6. _Liberality_, in dispencing to others the Fruits of his Labour.
+
+_Outward_, In cloathing his body with plain and comely Apparel, of sad
+dark Colours, as sad grayes, tawny, purple, hair or Musk Colour. Warm
+and well lined, to prevent the Evils which the Coldness of the Air,
+or Moistness of the Water may produce.
+
+And now thus equipt let us walk to the Rivers side, there give me leave
+to direct you in the _Measures_ you must take and observe, for the
+obtaining the End of what all our forementioned Preparations aime at;
+I mean the Catching those sundry kinds of Fish I enumerated at the
+begining of this Discourse; and observing that first method, I shall
+Alphabetically describe, what Baits are most Proper for taking them, and
+How to use them.
+
+To begin then with the _Barbel_. The best time for Angling for this Fish
+is at the latter end of _May_, _June_, _July_, and beginning of
+_August_, in his Haunts aforementioned; and the best Bait (omiting
+others) is the well-scoured _Lob-Worm_ (being of a curious cleanly
+Palate as well as shape) or Cheese steept an hour or two in clarified
+Honey. He is a subtile Fish, extraordinary strong, and dogged to be
+dealt with, and therefore be sure to have your Rod and Line strong and
+long, or you may endanger to break it.
+
+The _Breame_ is next in order; The most seasonable time to Angle for him
+is from St. _James_ tide till _Bartholomew_ tide. He spawneth in _June_
+or begining of _July_; is easily taken, as falling on his side after one
+or two gentle turnes, and so drawn easily to Land. The best Bait for him
+is that (most delightful to him) _Red-Worme_ (found in Commons &
+_Chalky_ Grounds after Rain) at the root of a great _Dock_, wrapt up in
+a round Clue. He loves also Paste, Flag-Wormes, Wasps, Green-Flies,
+Butter-Flies, and a Grass-hopper, without Leggs.
+
+Bait your Ground the night before with gross-ground Malt, boiled and
+strained, and then in the morning with the Red-Worm, bait your Hook, and
+plumbing your Ground within half an Inch, Fish.
+
+The _Bleak_, an eager Fish, is caught with all sorts of Worms bred on
+Trees or Herbs, also with _Flies_, _Cad-bait_, _Bobs_, _Paste_,
+_Sheeps-Blood_, _White Snails_, _Wasps_, _Gnats_, &c. In a warm clear
+day the small Flye at the rim of the Water is best; In a Cloudy day,
+_Gentles_ or _Cadis_ two foot under the Water.
+
+The _Bull-head_ or _Millers-thumb_, being Childrens Recreation, I shall
+speak little of, only being serviceable for Baits, I shall only say he
+is easily taken with a small Worm, being lazie and simple, and will
+swallow any thing; and the _Minnow_, _Loach_, and _Bansticle_ being of
+the same diet, I place here too.
+
+The _Chevin_, loveth all sorts of _Worms_, _Flies_, _Cheese_, _Grain_,
+and _Black Worms_, their Bellies being slit, that the White may be seen:
+And very much delighteth in the _Pith_ of an _Oxes back_, the tough
+outward skin being carefully taken off, without breaking the inward
+tender skin. In the Morning early angle for _Chevin_, with a _Snail_;
+in the heat of the day, with some other Bait; in the afternoon with the
+_Fly_; the great _Moth_, with a great Head, yellow Body, and whiteish
+Wings, usually found in _Gardens_, about the Evening: The larger the
+_Chevin_, the sooner taken; loving his Bait large, and variety on a
+Hook.
+
+The _Char_ is a _Lancashire Fish_, found in a _Mere_, called
+_Winander-Mere_ in that _County_, the largest in _England_; and being to
+be found no where else, I shall not lead my _London_ Angler thither to
+teach him to take it.
+
+The _Chub_, called by some a _Cheven_, by others a _Villain_, is a
+_Fish_ of no rare Meat; however, is good for a young Angler, and is thus
+to be taken: Bait your hook with a _Grass-hopper_, find the Hole where
+he lies, accompanied in a hot day, with twenty or more, floating almost
+on the very superficies of the Water; choose which you think best, and
+fairest, and drop your Hook some two foot before him, and he will bite
+at it greedily, and cannot break hold with his _Leather Mouth_; let him
+play and tire, lest you break your Line. If you cannot get a
+_Grass-hopper_, then any _Worm_, or _Fly_ you will. In cold Weather,
+fish for him near the Bottom, and the _Humble-Bee_ is the best Bait.
+Some appropriate Baits according to the Month, but I shall Omit that;
+The _Chub_ (being best and in his Prime in the Winter, and then
+excellent meat Baked) a Paste made of _Cheese_, and _Turpentine_, is the
+only Bait to take him.
+
+The _Carp_ is subtle, and full of Policy, will never bite in Cold
+Weather, but in Hot you cannot be too Early, or too Late. In _March_, he
+seldome refuseth the _Red-Worme_, in _June_ the _Cadice_, and the three
+next _Months_ the _Grass-hopper_: Pastes that are sweet, of which I have
+spoken before, are very delightfull to _Carps_: And especially; if you
+Bait your ground two or three dayes before you angle, with _Pellets_ of
+course Paste, _Chickens-guts_, _Garbage_, &c. _Gentles_ anointed, and a
+Piece of _Scarlet_ dipt in _Honey_, put them on the Hook, is an approved
+way.
+
+The _Dace_, _Dare_, _Rudd_, and _Roach_, being much of a kind, and
+feeding, I shall put together, and are easily taken with small _Worms_,
+_Bobs_, _Cadbaits_, _Flies_, _sheeps-Blood_, all sorts of _Worms_, bred
+on _Trees_ or _Herbs_, _Paste_, _Wasps_, _Gnats_, _Lipberries_, &c. The
+Heads of the _Wasps_, being dipt in Blood, is good for _Dace_, and
+_Dare_; as is likewise the _Ant-flie_.
+
+The _Eel_, takes great _Red-worms_, _Beef_, _Wasps_, _Guts_ of _Fowl_,
+or _Fish_, _Menow_, small _Roaches_ are good Bait for Night Hooks; the
+Hooks being in the Mouth of the _Fish_. Now because this is very
+delightfull to most, I shall prescribe three wayes of taking them, as
+are most full of Pleasure. The first way is called, _Sniggling_, or
+_Broggling_ for _Eels_, thus: Take a strong Line and Hook, baited with a
+_Lob_, or _Garden-Worm_, and observing where _Eels_ lurk in the day
+time, with a stick forked at the Top, gently put your Bait into the
+Hole, and if there be any _Eels_ there, you will not fail of a Bite, of
+as large _Eels_ as can be had, but pull not too hard lest you spoyl all.
+The second is called _Bobbing_, which is thus done: Take some large well
+scowred _Lobs_, and with a Needle, run some strong twisted _Silk_
+through them, from end to end, so many as are enough to wrap about a
+Board near a dozen times; tye them fast with the two ends of the _Silk_
+to hang in so many Hanks; then fasten all to a strong Cord, and a
+handfull above the _Worms_ fasten a _Plumb_ of three quarters of a
+pound, and your Cord to a strong _Pole_, and in muddy Waters, you may
+_Fish_, and find the _Eels_ tug lustily, and when you think they have
+swallowed them, draw up your Line, and a-shore with them. _Lastly_, the
+_Eel-Spear_ made with four Teeth, jagged on both sides, stricken into
+the Mud, on the bottom of a River, and if you chance to strike where
+they lye, you infallibly take.
+
+There is likewise an assured way of taking _Eels_, approved to excel any
+other, thus done: Take some Bottles of _Hay_, mixt with green _Osiers_,
+or _Willows_, Bait them with _Sheeps Guts_, or other _Beasts Garbage_,
+sink them down in the middle, to the bottom of your _Pond_, or by the
+_Bank-sides_, having fastned a Cord to the Bottles, that you may twitch
+them up at your pleasure, and all the best _Eels_ will resort to them,
+and you may take abundance.
+
+The _Flounder_, _Shad_, _Thwait_, _Suant_, and _Mullet_, are taken with
+_Red-Worms_ of all sorts, _Wasps_, and _Gentles_.
+
+The _Grayling_ is next; In _Angling_ for which, you must head your Hook
+upon the shank, with a very slender and narrow plate of _Lead_, that the
+Bait (a large _Grass-hopper_) may the more easily come over it; and at
+the point put a _Cadbait_, and keep the Bait in continual motion; not
+forgetting to pull off the _Grass-hoppers_ Wings.
+
+The _Gudgeon_, takes the smallest _Red-Worm_, _Wasps_, _Gentles_, and
+_Cadbaits_. When you _Fish_ for him, stir up the _Sand_ or _Gravel_ with
+a _Pole_, which will make them gather thither, and bite more eagerly.
+
+The _Guiniad_, I shall remit speaking to, only mentioning it in course,
+being no where found, but in a place called, _Pemble-Mere_, in which
+place they abound, as the River _Dee_ does with _Salmon_.
+
+The _Pope_, or _Ruff_, is excellent for a young _Angler_, bites
+greedily, and quantities may be taken, by Baiting the Ground with
+_Earth_, and your Hook with small Red _Worms_.
+
+The _Pike_, loveth all sorts of Baits (unless the _Fly_) _Gudgeon_,
+_Dace_, _Roaches_ and _Loaches_; and young _Frogs_ in _Summer_ time,
+of which the yellowest is best.
+
+The _Pearch_, taketh all sorts of _Earth-worms_, especially the
+_Lob-worm_, and _Brandling_, well scowred, _Bobs_, _Oak-worms_, _Dors_,
+_Gentles_, _Cole-wort-worms_, _Wasps_, _Cadbaits_, and _Menow_, or a
+little _Frog_, the Hook being fastned through the skin of his Leg,
+towards the upper part of it. Be sure you give the _Pearch_ time enough
+to pouch his Bait, before you strike.
+
+The _Salmon_, is taken best with _Lob-worms_, scented with the Oyl of
+_Ivy-berries_, or the Oyl of _Polypody_ of the _Oak_ mixt with
+_Turpentine_: Or the well-scowred _Garden-worm_, is an excellent Bait:
+The _Salmon_ bites best in _May_, _June_, and _July_, at three a _Clock_
+in the Afternoon, if the Water be clear, a little Wind stirring,
+especially near the _Sea_.
+
+The _Tench_, is a great lover of large Red _Worms_, first dipt in _Tar_.
+As also all sorts of Paste, made up with strong scented _Oyls_, or
+_Tar_, or a Paste made up of Brown _Bread_, and _Honey_. He will bite
+too at a _Cad-worm_, _Lob-worm_, _Flag-worm_, green _Gentle_, _Cadbait_,
+_Marsh-worm_, or soft boil'd _Bread-grain_.
+
+The _Torcoth_, being before mentioned, I only let you know, that he is
+only found, in the Pool _Linperis_ in _Carnarvan-shire_; and leave you
+to the _Welch-mens_ description, both of him and his _Bait_.
+
+The _Trout_, is fattest, and in his prime in _May_, and is caught with
+all sorts of _Worms_, especially _Brandlings_, commonly found in an Old
+_Dung-hill_, _Cow-dung_, _Hors-dung_, or _Tanners-bark_: Also with
+_Flies_, Natural and Artificial, with young _Frogs_, _Menow_, _Marsh_,
+_Dock_ or _Flag-worms_; all sorts of _Cad-bait_, _Dors_, _Bobs_,
+_Palmers_, _Gentles_, _Wasps_, _Hornets_, &c. and with the
+_Catterpiller_, used according to the Rule before prescribed for the
+_Grayling_.
+
+_Lastly_, The _Umber_, endeth our _Alphabet_, and _Discourse_ of
+_Fishing_ too, and gives me occasion to add no more, but that he is
+taken as the _Trout_, just now mentioned; And therefore now to your
+Sport: To assist your well effecting which, I have but this to add; Cast
+into your Haunts where you use to _Fish_, once in four or five dayes,
+soft boyled _Corn_ (or oftner for _Carp_, and _Tench_) Also _Garbage_,
+_Beasts Livers_, chopt _Worms_, _Grains_ steept in _Blood_, to attract
+them to the place; and to keep them together, throw in half a handfull
+of _Grains_ of ground _Malt_: But in a stream, cast it above your Hook,
+that floating towards you may draw the Fish thither.
+
+Before I conclude, I was afraid this discourse would have been
+imperfect, had not something been spoken of _Fish-ponds_, their
+Ordering, and Improving, that the private Gentleman may not be destitute
+of some appropriated place to himself, wherein he may Recreate himself
+in this excellent Pastime; great _Rivers_ belonging either to the King,
+or to Lords of Mannours, whose Authorities and Jurisdictions must be
+kept inviolate, and excludes our Intrusion there.
+
+
+_Of Fish-ponds._
+
+When you have a desire to dig a _Fish-pond_, coveting the several
+Advantages that do thence accrue to you, you must first of all consult,
+what _Grounds_ are most fit and proper to be cast into a Pond, _viz_,
+Those which are _Marrishy_; or _Boggy_; or full of _Springs_, unfit for
+_Grazing_, or to be put to any profitable use besides. Of these the
+last, full of _springs_, will yield the best Water; that which is
+_Marshy_ will feed Fish; and that which is _Boggy_ is best for a Defence
+against Thieves.
+
+Thus being furnished with a piece of Wast Ground, I now mentioned, let
+us now to work; And first draw by small Trenches all the Springs or
+moist Veines into one place, and so drain the rest of the Ground; then
+mark out the Head of your Pond, and make it the highest part of the
+ground in the Eye, tho it be the lowest in the true Level: Cut the
+Trench of your _Floodgate_ so, that when the VVater is let out, it may
+have a swift Fall: On each side of which Trench drive in great Stakes of
+_Oak_, _Ash_ or (which is best) _Elme_, six foot long, and six Inches
+square; place these in Rowes four foot distance one from another, as
+broad and wide from the _Floodgate_ as you intend the Head of your Pond
+shall go: Now give us the Spade _Tom_, and fetch us the Pick-ax _Jack_,
+and to digging of our Pond; Dig it as big and large a Compass as the
+Ground will permit, throw your Earth amongst the said stakes, and ram it
+between them, hard and firm, till you have covered the stakes: Drive in
+as many new ones more besides the heads of the first stakes, and ram
+more Earth above them too: Do thus with stakes above stakes till the
+head-sides be of a convenient Height: Taking care, that the inside of
+your Banks be smooth, even, hard and strong, that you may not fear the
+wearing of the Earth off the stakes by any Current of the Water.
+
+Having thus digged about _eight foot deep_, that so it may carry about
+_six foot_ VVater, pave all the _bottom_ and the Banks of the Pond with
+large Sods of _Flot-Grass_, laying them very close together, pin them
+down fast with small stakes and windings: This Grass is a great Feeder
+of Fish, and grows naturally under VVater. Stake down to the bottom of
+one side of the Pond divers Bavens and Brush-VVood-Faggots, into which
+the Fish may cast their spawn, and preserve it: In another place lay
+Sods upon Sods, the grass sides together to nourish and breed _Eels_.
+
+The Pond being thus made, let in the Water, and now observe to store it
+thus: Put your _Carp_, _Breame_ and _Tench_ by themselves: _Pike_,
+_Pearch_, _Eel_ and _Tench_ (the Fishes Physician) by themselves; & for
+Food of the greater Fishes, as well as Meat for your greater Dishes, put
+good store of _Roach_, _Dace_, _Loach_ and _Menow_; and Lastly to every
+one _Melter_ put three _Spawners_, and in three Years the Increase will
+be great; and in five Years with difficulty destroyed.
+
+At the end of three Years _Sue your Pond_; which you must ever continue
+so to do, for that the _Roach_, &c. will increase in such abundance,
+that eating up the sweetest food, will make your other Fish, as _Carps_,
+&c. be lean and hunger-starved: And therefore every Year view your Pond,
+and observe if any such Fry appears; and use your Discretion.
+
+And because the _Carp_ is a Fish of a general Acceptation, and is of a
+_bon goust_ almost in every mans palate; and being by the aforesaid
+little Devourers and Multiplyers, very often Deceived in your
+expectation of a fat _Carp_, large and sweet; I shall insert here an
+excellent VVay of making _Carps_ grow to an extraordinary Bigness in a
+Pond.
+
+
+_To make _Carps_ grow large, &c._
+
+About the Month of _April_, when you perceive your Pond grow low in
+VVater, rake all the sides where the VVater is fallen away with an Iron
+Rake, and sow _Hay-seeds_ there, and rake it well; and at the Latter end
+of Summer you shall have good store of Grass: The _Winter_ being come
+the VVater will encrease and over-top all the Grass, and there being
+VVater enough to carry them, the _Carps_ will resort to the seeds, and
+feed briskly and grow as fat as _Hoggs_: Thus do every _Summer_, till
+you sue your pond, and no River _Carp_ can surpass them.
+
+Thus much of _Fishing_ and _Fish-Ponds_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Shooting.
+
+
+The Use of the Bow is of so great Antiquity, and of so important a
+Consequence for a _defensive_ and _offensive Armes_, that I could not
+but a little consider, how needful the true knowledge of its Use was
+esteemed of Old, and how _little it is accounted_ now. It is uncertain,
+as well as (almost) unknown, who was the First Inventor of the Bow; but
+if we examine the _Probability_ there may be of its being derived from
+the Tyranical Government of _Nimrod_, that so _Mighty Hunter before the
+Lord_, we may _Conjecture_ him to be the first Inventor of the Bow: For
+as he is called the _First Founder_ of a _Monarchick Government_, by
+reducing and subduing a disordered People under the Government of
+himself; so was he likewise esteemed a _Mighty Hunter_ in another
+respect, for that he _Subdued likewise the Beasts of the Field_; as is
+observed of him and his Character, by sundry Commentators on him and his
+Family. So that in the whole we may suppose him to be the Inventor, or
+first Finder out of the Bow, as a Weapon of an infallible Execution and
+mortal Efficacy on that account. Nor can I find any mention made of the
+_Bow_ thro the whole Hystory of _Genesis_ from _Nimrod_ to _Esau_, they
+both being characterized with those Epithets of _Mighty and Cunning
+Hunters_, _Men of the Field_; who very well understood the Use of the
+Bow, as well for their _Profit_ as _Pleasure_; the last of which is
+particularly hinted in the commands of _Isaac_ to _Esau_, that with his
+_Quiver_ and his _Bow_, he should Hunt and take that only _Seasonable_
+Dish, which might procure and entaile a _Blessing_ on him and his
+Posterity. Nay, that Holy Patriarch _Jacob_ himself, in his last Will
+and Testament to his Illustrious Family, bequeaths a _singular Portion_
+to his beloved _Joseph_, which the _strength of his Bow_ had intitled
+him to. _Gen._ 48. 22.
+
+Nor are we to doubt in what Estimation it was held to the Reign of
+_David_ King of _Israel_, who thought it the most _Necessary
+Qualification_ of his Subjects, to be very well versed in the Use of the
+_Bow_. The _Bow_ which was the Famous _Signal_ between his beloved
+_Jonathan_ and himself, and made the private _Testimonial_ of the
+undeserv'd Fury of his Maliciously & Enviously incensed _Father Saul_:
+By reason of whose eminent Skill, in the expert use of it, he chants
+forth his _Mournful Elegy_, The _Bow of _Jonathan_ returned not empty,
+from the Blood of the slain_, &c. Nay further so useful (no doubt) he
+thought the Knowledge of the Bow was, and of so necessary a Consequence
+for a Defensive as well as Offensive Armes, that it is observable he
+issued out a particular Edict or Proclamation, commanding the _general
+Learning its use throughout_ Judah. And the Use of it continued and
+still does in the East, as the only Weapon they are skilled in.
+
+Dr. _Heylin_ in his Cosmographical Description of the World, tells us,
+That the _Czeremissi_, a People living in great Forrests, without
+Houses, feeding on Honey & the Flesh of Wild Beasts & Clothed with their
+Skins, under the Empire of the _Czar_ of _Russia_, are such excellent
+Archers, and so light of Foot, that they carry their Bows continually in
+their hands, and practise their Children so timely in it, that (after
+such an age) till they can hit a _White_ that is set before them, they
+give them nothing to eat.
+
+Further; it is recorded of the _Parthians_ (and indeed all the
+_Persians_ too) that their greatest Fame consisted in their skilful
+handling their _Bows_ and _Arrows_, & were deservedly reckon'd the best
+Archers in the World, having the Art of _Shooting backwards_, and making
+their _Retreat_ and _Flight_ more pernicious and terrible, than their
+_Charge_ and _Onset_. So that when _Marcus Crassus_ in his expedition
+against them, was told by an _Astrologer_, that having found an ill
+Aspect in _Scorpio_, he presaged his Enterprize would prove
+unsuccesseful, _Tush Man_ (quoth he) _I fear not Scorpio, but
+Sagittarius_.
+
+And to descend to our own Countrymen the English, the frequent Victories
+they obtained over the _French_ formerly, rendred them as famous and
+able Bow-men (next the _Parthians_) as were in the World.
+
+But since the Ingenious _Franciscan_ Fryer (_Bertholdus Swart_) appeared
+in _Germany_, his _Sulphureous_ Brain has quite (or almost) _blown_ up
+the Reputation of the Bow, and all other Ancient Devices and Engines of
+War, by his _Accidental Invention_ of that Fatal Instrument the _Gun_,
+which he first communicated to the _Venetians_, _Anno 1330_. Who gave by
+these (then so called) _Bombards_, a notable discomfiture to the
+_Genoys_; and was next made use of by the Inhabitants of the _Baltick
+Sea_; And at the Siege of _Callice_ _Anno 1347._ used by the _English_;
+who taught it the _Mounsieur Frenchman_, and he gratified him with the
+death of the Famous Leader, _Thomas Mountacute_ Earl of _Salisbury_,
+shot at the Siege of _Orleance_, _Anno. 1425_. After which _Spain_
+learnt it, and the _Jews_ and _Moors_ from thence taught the _Turk_; and
+from the first Invention of _large_ and _unweildy_, they were made fit
+for _Walls_ and _Hands_; and in fine _is a less expensive way of
+shedding blood than that of Archery is_.
+
+Thus you see how Ancient the Use of the _Bow_ is, and how lately its
+Disuse began (I mean in relation to the Common-Wealth, as a defensive,
+or offensive Weapon) and how great the Ancient Fame of our _English_ was
+in the knowledge of it: However the Glory of it is somewhat still
+preserved (though in a Pastime) by the Honourable City of _London_,
+whose _Lord Mayor_ annually appears to see a _Prize_ performed by
+_Shooting_ with a Pound _Arrow_: And therefore all I have to say more,
+is, That it is deservedly placed amongst my Recreations, having
+_Metamorphosed_ its Use, and become a Healthful Conserver, instead of
+Destroyer of mens Bodies. And is vulgarly distinguished into two sorts,
+the _Long-bow_, and the _Cross_ or _Crow-Bow_.
+
+I shall begin first with the _Long-bow_, whose Use is (now) thus to be
+understood. That it conduces much to the Health of our Body, disperses
+our stagnated Blood, extends our contracted Limbs, and renders the
+Members of our Bodies plyant, and flexible; and for the better obtaining
+these Effects, the following Rules are to be Observed.
+
+Before the _Archer_ goes to his Sport (to follow the Method of this
+Treatise) he must first provide himself with necessary _Accoutrements_,
+_viz_, The _Bow_ which claimes his first Care, must be the best (_as
+best is best Cheap_) of _Spanish_ or _English Yew_, (the _VVithen_, or
+_Elme_ being the worst:) Next his _Shaft_, which must be of _Birch_,
+_Sugar-Chest_, or _Brazeel_, with _Gray_, or _White Feathers_.
+
+Thus equipt, to the Field, and here we are to understand three sorts of
+_Marks_, _viz_, The _But_, which is a _Mark_ that is level, and requires
+a strong _Arrow_ with a broad Feather: The _Prick_, a _Mark_ of some
+compass, of a certain distance, requires an _Arrow_ that is strong, and
+nimble, with a middle Feather: The _Rover_, is an uncertain _Mark_, and
+Proportionable to the distance, suit your _Arrows_. But before you
+Shoot, hold a little, and hearken to your Charge.
+
+_First_, The _Archer_ must have a good _Eye_, to see and discern his
+_Mark_; attended with a _Knowing Judgment_, to Understand the distance
+of Ground, and in what compass his _Arrow_ must Fly, and to take the
+true Advantage of a Side-Wind; and a Dexterity to give his _Shaft_ a
+sharp strong and sudden Loose, and without hanging on the string, to
+draw his _Arrow_ close to the Head, and in an instant deliver it.
+
+_Secondly_, He must observe a _Decorum_ in his standing Posture, that
+his Body be fair, comely, and upright; his left Foot a convenient stride
+before his right, with both his Hams stiff, his left Arm holding his
+_Bow_ in the midst, stretch'd out streight; and with his three
+Fore-Fingers and Thumb of his right-hand, draw the string to his right
+Ear, the Notch of his _Arrow_ resting between his fore and long Fingers
+of his Right-Hand, and the _Steel_ of his _Arrow_ below the _Feathers_
+upon the middle _Knuckle_ of his fore-finger, on his Left-Hand, drawing
+it up close, as abovesaid.
+
+The _Cross-Bow_ (as I said in the Introduction to this _Treatise_) is of
+equal Benefit and Pleasure with the _Long-Bow_, when through an
+imbecillity in the _Arm_ or _Back_, that will not be a suitable
+Recreation: This _Bow_ must be made of the same Wood with the other, for
+_Gafel_ carried upon a string, and the other end being placed in a Rest,
+furnish your self with strong and heavy _Arrows_, suitable to your
+_Bows_ strength, and all the foregoing _Marks_, may afford you an equal
+Delight with the Former; but especially for Persons that have the
+unhappiness of looking asquint, it is an excellent Disposer of the
+sight, to a direct Line, and helps that _Watermans_ quality of _Looking
+one way, and Rowing another_. Thus much shall suffice for _Shooting_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Bowling,
+
+
+This is a Recreation of an Ancient Institution, the _Lydians_ being
+thought to have been the first Inventors of _Sphaeromachia_, which
+signifies _Bowling_, as well as _Tennis-Playing_; besides these they
+instituted several other Games, as the _Dice_, _Tables_, _Cards_, &c.
+Necessity, and Hunger enforcing them to that Ingenuity, as _Persius_
+well observes, _Artis Magister, Ingenijque largitor Venter_: For that
+Country being Oppressed with a great Dearth and Famine, in the time of
+_Atis_, one of the Progenitors of _Omphale_, they Devised these Games,
+that every second day playing at them, they might beguile their Hungry
+Bellies, and drive away the Tediousness of the Famine. And indeed,
+according to its Original institution, of infinite use for the diverting
+Melancholly, for Exercise of the Body, by runing and stirring in this
+Game, for helping likewise sundry Bodily Infirmities, as the _Stone_,
+_Gravel_, _Reins_, &c. For which aforesaid ends several Pious, Learned
+and Sober Persons have sometimes made up the Company of a
+_Bowling-Green_ (tho I must confess rarely to be seen in those common
+_Bowling-Allies_ and _Bares_, which too usually are pestered with
+_Damming-Rooks_, _Cunning Betters_, _Crafty Matchers_, and base
+_Booty-Players_:) Herein we may see the World moralized, or
+emblematically described, where most are short, over, wide or
+wrong-Byassed, and few justle in to the Mistress _Fortune_: On one side
+we find _Heraclitus_ and his Followers fret, vex, rail, swear and cavil
+at every thing; on the other side _Democritus_, and his Company rejoice
+and laugh, as if they were created for that purpose. On one side you may
+see the _Mimick_ screwing and twisting his Body into several Postures,
+which he perswades himself adds either to the Swiftness or Slowness of
+his Bowl; On the other side the senseless _Orator_, with his perswasive
+Intreaties of _Rub, O Rub a little_; Or, _Flee, Flee_, and the like, to
+hasten or retard the Speed of his Bowl; when if the stupid Bowl lend a
+deaf Ear to his Perswasions, then he _belyes_ his Disobedience, by
+crying _Short, Short, O Short_, when tis gone ten yards over; and when
+tis bowled short of the _Jack_ six yards, he cryes, _Gone a Mile,
+a Mile, a Mile_, &c. But not to detain you any longer in characterizing
+this excellent sport: (_Excellent_ I mean if rightly used) I shall
+before I lead you into the _Green_ or _Bare_, instruct you in some
+Rules, how to choose your _Bowls_.
+
+The first and greatest Cunning to be observed in _Bowling_, is the right
+_chusing your Bowl_, which must be suitable to the Grounds you design to
+run on, thus: For _close Alleys_, your best Choice is the _Flat Bowl_:
+2. For _open Grounds_ of Advantage, the _Round-Byassed-Bowl_; 3. For
+_Green Swarths_, that are plain and level, the Bowl that is _Round as a
+Ball_.
+
+The next thing requires your Care is, _The chusing out your Ground_, and
+preventing the Windings, Hangings, and many turning _Advantages_ of the
+same, whether it be in open wide places, as _Bares_ and
+_Bowling-Greens_, or in close _Bowling-Alleys_.
+
+Lastly, Have your _Judgment_ about you to observe and distinguish the
+_Risings_, _Fallings_ and _Advantages_ of the Places where you Bowl:
+Have your _Wits_ about you to avoid being rookt of your Money: And have
+your Understanding about you, to know your best Time and Opportunity for
+this Recreation; and finally a studious Care of your Words and Passions,
+and then _Bowl_ away, and you may deserve, _Well have you Bowled
+indeed_.
+
+But methinks I cannot conclude here, without admiring how aptly a
+Bowling-Green is by the Divine _Quarles_ characterized, in the following
+Verses, thus.
+
+  _Brave pastime, _Readers_, to consume that Day,
+  Which without Pastime flies too swift away!
+  See how they Labour, as if Day and Night
+  Were both too short to serve their loose Delight?
+  See how their curved _Bodies_ wreath, and skrue
+  Such Antick shapes as _Proteus_ never knew:
+  One rapps an Oath, another deals a Curse,
+  He never better bowl'd, this never worse;
+  One rubs his itchless Elbow, shruggs and laughs,
+  The t'other bends his beetle-brows, and chafes;
+  Sometimes they whoop, sometimes the _Stygian_ Cryes,
+  Send their black _Santo's_ to the blushing Skies:
+  Thus mingling Humours in a mad Confusion
+  They make bad Premisses and worse Conclusion._
+
+Thus much for _Bowling_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Tennis.
+
+
+This Recreation is of the same Date for its _Antiquity_ of Invention
+with _Bowling_, and for the _Violence_ of its Exercise to be preferred
+before it. This sport indeed is of so universal an Acceptance, that
+Majesty it self is pleased to design it its Recommendation, by tracking
+its laborious steps; and _Princes_ and _Lords_ admire it too for the
+most proper Recreation, to suit with _Innocence_, and _true Nobility_.
+Here the body is briskly exercised more than ordinary, and inured in
+_Agility_ and _Nimbleness_; this renders the Limbs flexible and
+mettlesom, and adapts them for the most Vigorous Enterprize: It makes
+the languid and slothful, _brisk_ and _sprightful_; and rejects
+_Effeminacy_ and _Delicacy_, as contemptible and unworthy so Royal and
+Noble a Recreation: And so General indeed is the Estimation this
+Exercise of _Tennis_ amongst most meets with, that it is reckoned one of
+the most absolute Qualifications of a well-bred Gentleman, throughly to
+understand this famous Game.
+
+But why should we wonder at the general Love Gentlemen have for this
+Recreation, since it must be acknowledged, it challengeth as deserving a
+place in the Catalogue of violent Exercises, as any that goes before it
+in this Treatise; indeed it may be well rankt among those great
+Excellencies of Exercise which rendered the _Lacedemonians_, Famous to
+all Posterity for instructing their young Gentlemen and Noblemen in: Nay
+for ought I know it is a _derivative Vertue_ which descended to the true
+_English_ Gentleman, from that so excellent Method of Education used
+amongst the Warlike Nation the _Gothes_: Who (as _Olaus Magnus_ informes
+us) amongst the greatest Severities, as _Beatings_ and _Wounds_, _Change
+of Heat into sudden Cold_, _lying_ (not on _Downe_ but) upon _Boards_,
+_coursely clad_, and _Feeding_ on _Ordinary_, but strong _Food_, used
+themselves to the most tedious, wearisome and Violent Exercises, as
+_Riding_, _Darting_, _Shooting_, &c. _Wearing heavy Armes_, _Swimming on
+Horse-Back and in Armour_; And had they been acquainted with this
+Exercise of _Tennis_, would not have omitted that neither: But I shall
+not enlarge any further on its _Encomium_, its being the Pastime of the
+most knowing and greatest men, shall stop any longer _Eulogies_ my Pen
+can make on its Worth and Excellence. All I have to say is, I am
+heartily sorry, there are no _Rules_ which fall within the Sphere of
+_Demonstration_, to be laid down for my Readers use, for the right
+prosecuting this Noble Game: Practice and Experience alone must be his
+Information and Direction, and not any Writing may be communicated to
+him: Only let me say this.
+
+_Tennis_ and _Baloon_ are Sports which are play'd almost with the same
+Instruments; and therefore may be under one and the same Head: The first
+is a pastime, used in close or open Courts, by striking a little _Round
+Ball_ to and fro, either with the _Palmes_ of the hands (and then is
+called _Pila palmaria_ in Latin) or else a _Racket_, made for the
+purpose, round with Net or Cat-gut, with a Handle: The other a strong
+and moving Sport in the Open Fields with a great Ball of a double
+Leather filled with Wind, and so driven to and fro with the strength of
+a Mans Arm, armed in a Brace of Wood: And thus much shall suffice to
+speak of the _Baloon_ and _Tennis_; only let me desire you, let not this
+or any other Pastime disturb your Minds; divert you from the diligent
+and careful Prosecution of your own lawful Business; or invite you to
+throw away your Time and Money too lavishly and idley; nor engage you in
+any Passion; that so you may not offend God, dislike your _Neighbour_,
+nor incomode your _Self_ and _Family_ in your Well-being and Felicity;
+and then you may recreate your self without Fear, and in this Recreation
+observe the ensuing Morality of
+
+
+The Tennis-Court.
+
+  _When as the Hand _at Tennis_ Playes,
+      And Men to Gaming fall,
+  _Love_ is the _Court_, _Hope_ is the _House_,
+      And _Favour_ serves the _Ball_._
+
+  _This _Ball_ it self is _due Desert_,
+      The _Line_ that measure showes
+  Is _Reason_, whereon _Judgment_ looks
+      Where Players win and lose._
+
+  _The _Tutties_ are _Deceitful Shifts_,
+      The _Stoppers_, _Jealousy_,
+  Which hath Sir _Argus_ hundred Eyes,
+      Wherewith to watch and pry._
+
+  _The _Fault_ whereon _Fifteen is lost_,
+      Is _Want of Wit and Sense_,
+  And he that brings the _Racket_ in
+      Is _Double Diligence_._
+
+  _But now the _Racket_ is _Free-Will_,
+      Which makes the _Ball_ rebound,
+  And noble _Beauty_ is the _Choice_,
+      And of each Game the _Ground_._
+
+  _Then _Racket_ strikes the _Ball_ away,
+      And there is _Over-sight_,
+  A _Bandy_ ho! the People cry,
+      And so the _Ball_ takes flight._
+
+  _Now at the length _Good-liking_ proves
+      _Content_ to be their _Gain_:
+  Thus in the _Tennis-Court_, _Love is
+      A Pleasure mixt with Pain_._
+
+
+
+
+Of Ringing.
+
+
+Since this Recreation of _Ringing_ is become so highly esteemed, for its
+excellent _Harmony of Musick_ it affords the _Ear_, for its
+_Mathematical Invention_ delighting the _Mind_, and for the _Violence of
+its Exercise_ bringing Health to the _Body_, causing it to transpire
+plentifully, and by Sweats dissipate and expel those Fuliginous thick
+_Vapours_, which _Idleness_, _Effeminacy_ and _Delicacy_ subject men to;
+I say for these and sundry other Reasons, I was induced to bring this of
+_Ringing_ into the Company of _Exercises_ in this Treatise, that I might
+as well recreate you with some health-conducing Pleasure at _home_, as I
+have carryed you _abroad_, and there endeavoured to please you in what
+Pastime your Inclinations may most peculiarly select.
+
+Whosoever would then become an accurate Master of this excellent Art and
+Pleasure, and is very desirous to be esteemed an Elaborate and Ingenious
+_Ringer_, and be enrolled amongst that Honoured _Society_ of +Colledge
+Youths+; I must beg Leave to instruct him before he enters the
+_Bell-free_, in these ensuing short Rules, which he must strictly
+observe. _viz._
+
+1. That as all _Musick_ consists in these six plain _Notes_, _La Sol Fa
+Mi Re Ut_; so in _Ringing_, a Peal of Bells is Tuned according to these
+Principles of Musick: For as each _Bell takes its Denomination from the
+Note it Sounds_, by its being flatter or deeper, as, _First_, or Treble,
+_Second_, _Third_, _Fourth_, &c. as they are in number to _Ten_ or
+_Twelve_ Bells, the Last being called the _Tennor_; So must they
+successively strike one after another both _Fore-stroke_ and
+_Back-stroke_, in a due Musical Time or Equidistance, to render their
+Harmony the more pleasant, and to make the Young Practitioner the better
+informed to observe the _Life of Musick_, and indeed of true Ringing,
+_Time_; and therefore is called, _Round-Ringing_.
+
+2. As in Musick, so in Ringing there are _three Concords_, so called
+from their Melodious Harmony and Agreement, which Principally are these;
+_Thirds_, _viz._ 1 3, 2 4. _&c._ _Fifths_ 1 5, 2 6 _&c._ _Eights_ 1 8,
+2 9, 3 10 &c. and these are the more pleasant according to the Number of
+Bells they are struck on, and as they are struck, whether seperately or
+mutually. From hence _Changes_ are made, which is only a Changing place
+of one _Note_ with another, so variously, as Musick may be heard a
+thousand wayes of Harmony; which being so obvious to common Observation,
+I shall not go about to demonstrate; for that if two may be varied two
+wayes, surely by the _Rule of Multiplication_, a Man may easily learn
+how many times 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 12 Bells Notes may be varied, which
+will run almost _ad infinitum_.
+
+3. For the better observing the Ringing of _Changes_ or _Rounds_, these
+three things are to be noted.
+
+1. _The Raising true in Peal._
+
+2. _Ringing at a low Compass_; And
+
+3. _Ceasing in true Peal_; All which three are the most essential Parts
+to render a Practitioner _Excellent_.
+
+1. For _Raising a Peal of Bells true_, the modern & best Practice
+recommends the _swiftest and quickest possible_, every one taking
+Assistance to raise his Bell, as its going requires: The _lesser_ Bells
+as _Treble_, _&c._ being by main strength _held down_ in their first
+Sway (or pull) to get time for the striking of the rest of Larger
+Compass; and so continued to be strong pulled till Frame-high, and then
+may be slackned: The _Bigger_, as _Tenor_, &c. must be _pincht_ or
+checkt over head, that the Notes may be heard to strike roundly and
+hansomely. Observe that all the Notes strike round at one Pull: I do not
+mean the First; but 'tis according to the Bigness and Weightiness of
+your Bells: However in raising a Peal, do not let one _Bell_ strike
+before the rest, or miss when the rest do; this is contrary to the
+Strict Rules of _true Ringing_: And this is called _Round-Ringing_. Now
+if you design to raise a Peal of Bells for _Changes_, you ought to raise
+them to a Set-Pull, as the most proper for commanding the Notes, and he
+who is not well skilled to manage his Bell at a _Set-Pull_, will be apt
+to drop or overturn it, be in a Wood, and fruitlessly toil and moil
+himself. Therefore in practising the Setting of a Bell, cast your Eye
+about the other Bell-Ropes, during your managing your own, that you may
+accustome your selfe to manage it according to the _Change_.
+
+2. For _Ringing at a Low Compass_, is thus observed: By keeping a due
+_punctum_ or beat of Time, in the successive striking one after another
+of every Bell; the _best Ringer_ being set to the _Treble_, that may
+guide and direct the rest of the Notes in their due _Measure_.
+
+3. For _Ceasing a Peal of Bells_; Let them fall gradually from a set
+_Peal_, checking them only at Sally, till the low Compass renders it
+useless; and when so low, that for want of Compass, they can scarce
+strike at Back-stroak; then let the _Treble_-Ringer stamp, as a Signal,
+to notify, that the next time they come to strike at the Fore-stroke,
+to check them down, to hinder their striking the Back-stroke; yet
+Fore-stroke continued, till brought to a neat and gracefull Chime, which
+may be the _Finis_ to that _Peal_.
+
+Thus much in short, for _Raising_, _Round-Ringing_, and _Ceasing_ a
+_Peal_ of _Bells_; I come next to lead you forth into that spacious
+_Field_ of Variety of _Changes_, and present you with Instructions that
+may be meerly necessary, for the right Understanding the several kinds
+of them.
+
+Now in _Ringing Changes_, two of our best Senses, are to be employed,
+_viz._ The _Ear_, and the _Eye_: The _Ear_, Hearing when to make a
+_Change_; and the _Eye_ directing the _Bell_ in making it: The _Bells_
+being the Object of the Former, and the _Bell-Ropes_ the Object of the
+Latter. And to render both the Eye and Ear Usefull in Ringing _Changes_,
+these _Five_ things are throughly to be Understood
+
+_First._ Endeavour to distinguish the _Notes_ of a _Peal_ of _Bells_,
+one from another while Ringing.
+
+_Secondly_, Learn to apprehend the Places of the _Notes_.
+
+_Thirdly_, Understand the Precendency of _Notes_.
+
+_Fourthly_, How to make a _Change_ in _Ringing_.
+
+_Fifthly_, and _Lastly_. How to Practise the four fore-going Notions in
+General.
+
+1. _To know the Notes of a Peal of Bells asunder_ (which is easy in
+_Round-Ringing_) in _Changes_ is thus: Get the skill of Tuning them with
+your _Voice_, by imitating their Notes while _Ringing_. Or if you are
+acquainted, either by your self or Friend, with some _Singing-master_,
+or one who has skill in _Singing_, get him to instruct you in the true
+Pitch of any _Note_, and aid your distinguishing them; otherwise you may
+be puzzled in this, to know which is _Treble_, which _Second_, &c. as in
+532641, _&c._
+
+2. To know the Places of the _Notes_, is no way better to be apprehended
+than thus: The Practitioner ought to form an _Idea_ in his Head of the
+Place of each _Note_, whether in a direct _Line_, or _Obliquely_; and
+representing them by a _Figure_ in his mind, see (as it were) by the Eye
+of his Understanding each stroke of the _Bell_, as the _Treble_, 1.
+_Second_ 2. _Third_ 3. _&c._ so that as the _Ear_ is to direct him, when
+to make the Change, so a right Apprehension of the _Motion_ and _Places_
+of the _Notes_, ought to be a means to guide his Ear.
+
+3. The Precedency of _Notes_, is of a very Obvious Demonstration; thus:
+In Ringing _Changes_, the Fore and Back-stroke, successively following
+one another, are properly said to _Lye behind_ one another, according to
+their places of striking. Or in short, in 12345. the _Note_ that leads
+either at Fore or Back-stroak, is said to _Lye before_ the rest, and the
+last to be behind. As the 2 is said to lye behind the 1, so it lyeth
+before the 3, as the 3 lyeth behind the 2, so it lyeth before the 4. And
+so of as many as are _Rung_.
+
+4. The manner of making a _Change_, is very common, and needs no
+particular, but general Rule; That it is made by moving one _Note_ into
+anothers place, Up and Down, as Occasion requires; but all usually made
+by two _Notes_ standing one next the other, as hereafter may be
+Observed.
+
+_Lastly_, In your Ringing _Changes_, these two things (in which consists
+the practick part of this Art) are to be rightly considered. _First_,
+Readily to know which two _Bells_ are to make the succeeding _Change_.
+And _Secondly_, to consider (if you are concern'd in it) what _Bell_ you
+are to follow in making it. To understand which the more perfectly, you
+must imprint in your memory, the Method of the _Changes_ prick'd in
+_Figures_, and to be expert likewise in setting them down divers wayes,
+and making any _Figure_ a _Hunt_ at Pleasure; and thus without pausing
+or hesitating to consider the Course, you may throughly understand the
+Methods; the Four preceding Observations being first perfectly
+understood.
+
+There are two wayes of _Ringing Changes_, viz. By _Walking_ them, as the
+Artists stile it; or by _Whole-pulls_, or _Half-pulls_: _Walking_ is,
+when in one _Change_ the _Bells_ go round, _Four_, _Six_, or _Eight_
+times; which is a most incomparable way to improve a young Practitioner,
+by giving him time to consider, which two _Bells_ do make the next
+succeeding _Change_, and in making it, what _Bell_ each is to follow;
+so that by this means (by his industry) he may be capable of Ringing at
+_Whole-Pulls_; Which is, when the _Bells_ go round in a Change at fore
+and back-stroke; and a new Change is made every time they are pulled
+down at Sally: This an Ancient Practice, but is now laid aside, since we
+have learnt a more advantageous way of hanging our _Bells_, that we can
+manage a _Bell_ with more ease at a Set-Pull than formerly: So that
+Ringing at _Half-Pulls_ is now the modern general Practice; that is,
+When one Change is made at Fore-Stroke, another at Back-Stroke, _&c._
+
+I have one Thing more to add in these _introductory_ Rules, and that in
+short is this: He that Rings the slowest _Hunt_, ought to notify the
+_extreme Changes_; which is, when the Leading _Bell_ is pulling down,
+that he might make the Change next before the Extreme, he ought to say,
+_Extreme_. By this means, betwixt the Warning and the Extreme there will
+be one compleat Change.
+
+
+_Of Changes_, &c.
+
+There are _two kinds of Changes_, viz. _Plain Changes_, and
+_Cross-Peals_; which Terms do denote the _Nature_ of them; for as the
+first is stiled _Plain_, so are its Methods easy; and as the second is
+called _Cross_, so are its Methods cross and intricate: The First have a
+general Method, in which all the Notes (except Three) have a direct
+_Hunting-Course_, moving gradually under each other, plainly and
+uniformly: _Plain_ are likewise termed _single Changes_, because there
+is but one single Change made in the striking all the Notes round,
+either at fore or back-stroke. But the Second is _various_, each Peal
+differing in its Course from all others; and _in Cross-Peals as many
+Changes may be made as the Notes will permit_. In short, as to
+_Plain-Changes_, I shall not dilate on them here, it being so _plainly_
+understood by every one that lately have rung a _Bell_ in peal; All
+therefore I shall add is this, That any two Notes that strike next
+together may make a Change, which may be done either _single_ or
+_double_, as you list. The _single_, by changing Two Notes; and the
+_Double_, by changing Four, _i. e._ Two to make one Change, and two
+another; which is however called _One double Change_, and not two
+Changes; because tis made in striking the Notes of the _Bells_ once
+round. For the rest, common Observation and Practice bids me stop here,
+and demands a Clearing those dark Intricacies which attend
+_Cross-Peals_.
+
+
+_Of Cross-Peals._
+
+_Art_, being a curious Searcher and Enquirer into the hidden and
+abstruse _Arcana_'s of Difficulties, having found out that dark and
+remote Corner of Obscurity, wherein the nature of these _Cross-Peals_
+lay at first invelopped, has exhibited by its _Proselytes_ the ensuing
+Demonstrations of that which before lay mantled up in Doubt: And to
+effect this, these _Favourites of Art_ have, like ingenious Architects,
+made Order and Method the _Basis_, on which the whole Structure depends:
+For in these _Cross-Peals_ we must observe the _prime Movement_, which
+sets the whole Frame a going, and that is called the _Hunt_, which hath
+_One constant Uniform Motion throughout the Peal_, and different from
+that of the other Notes; and indeed by this the whole Course of the Peal
+is Steered. This keeps a continual motion through the other Notes,
+_i. e._ From Leading, to strike behind, and from thence again to Lead;
+which is called one _compleat Course_.
+
+Some Peals upon _five Bells_ consist of _single_ Courses, wherein are
+ten Changes, and twelve Courses make the Peal. Others upon Five, consist
+of Double Courses, wherein are twenty Changes to every Course, and six
+Courses in the Peal.
+
+Upon _six Bells_ there are likewise _single_ and _double_ Courses,
+_viz._ Twelve Changes in every single Course, as in _Grandsire Bob_, &c.
+and Twenty-four Changes in every Double Course, as in _Colledge Bobs_,
+that being the first Change of every Course, wherein the _Hunt_ leaves
+Leading: In short, judiciously observe the first Course of any
+_Cross-Peal_, and you will soon see the general Method of the whole
+Peal: All Courses in Cross-Peals agreeing in these following three
+Respects. First, _In the motion of the Hunt_. Secondly, _In the motion
+of the rest of the Notes_: And Thirdly, _In making the Changes_. Which
+three things being well (to omit Instances of Demonstration) and
+narrowly observed, will be very helpful both in pricking and ringing
+Courses; the first and third for directing you in Pricking them, and the
+first and second in Ringing them.
+
+There is one _Difficulty_ to be removed e're I can come to prick down
+those _Peals_ I design to be the Subject of the Discourse of this
+_Epitome_, and that is, _How to make the first Changes at the beginning
+of each Peal_; I mean to make the _Second_, _Third_, _Fourth_, &c.
+_whole Hunts_; and this in short is thus directed: In any _Cross-Peal_
+the _Whole Hunt_ may move either up or down at the beginning; and the
+Motion of the _Whole Hunt_, in the first Course of each of the following
+Peals, will direct the first Motion of any _Cross-hunt_, and by
+Consequence of making the first Changes in that Peal. Taking along with
+you this Observation.
+
+That whensoever the first Change of any Peal happens to be _single_, it
+must be made at the back-stroke, to prevent _cutting Compass_; and the
+like when a double Change happens first in a Peal of _Triples and
+doubles_: But when it happens, that the first Change is made at the
+Back-stroke, then Consequently the Bells at the end of the Peal will
+come round at a Fore-stroke Change.
+
+I shall omit speaking to any of the several _Peals_ on _four or five
+Bells_; for that in my Opinion little _Musick_ is heard, though much
+_practical Observation_ is made, from them; and therefore shall begin
+with _Grandsire-Bob_, as having mentioned it but just before in my
+general View I made of _Cross-Peals_.
+
+
+  _Grandsire Bob._
+
+_Bob_ Changes take their Name from this, _viz._ When the _Treble_ leads
+in the _Second_ and _Third_, and the _Fifth_ and _Sixth_'s places, then
+they are called _Bob-Changes_. In Ringing which you are to observe these
+Rules, _viz._
+
+Whatsoever Bells you follow when you _Hunt up_, the same Bells in the
+same order you must follow in _Hunting down_; as in the Changes here
+prickt, where the _Treble_ hunting up _First_ follow _Second_, then
+_Fourth_, and then _Sixth_; when it comes behind, _First_ follows
+_Second_, in hunting down _Fourth_; and when hunted up follows _Sixth_
+in the same Order: The like may be observed in Ringing any other Bell,
+with this Difference betwixt the Whole-hunt and the rest, _viz._ Every
+time the Whole-hunt leaves the _Treble_'s place, and hunts up, it
+followeth different Bells from what it did at its first hunting up.
+
+In the ensuing Peal here prickt are _Eighteen-score_ Changes, wanting
+one. It may be Rung with any _Hunts_, and begin the Changes _Triple_ and
+_Double_: You may make your Extreme at the first, second, or third
+_single Bob_; or the first, second, or third time, that the half and
+_quarter-hunts_ dodg behind; the _single_ must be made behind in either
+of these.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  214365
+  241635
+  426153
+  462513
+  645231
+  654321
+  563412
+  536142
+  351624
+  315264
+  132546
+  135264
+  312546
+  321456
+  234165
+  243615
+  426351
+  462531
+  645213
+  654123
+  561432
+  516342
+  153624
+  156342
+  513624
+  531264
+  352146
+  325416
+  234561
+  243651
+  426315
+  462135
+  641253
+  614523
+  165432
+  _bob._
+  156423
+  514632
+  541362
+  453126
+  435216
+  342561
+  324651
+  236415
+  263145
+  621354
+  612534
+  165243
+  162534
+  615243
+  651423
+  564132
+  546312
+  453621
+  435261
+  342516
+  324156
+  231465
+  213645
+  126354
+  123645
+  216354
+  261534
+  625143
+  652413
+  564231
+  546321
+  453612
+  435162
+  341526
+  314256
+  132465
+  134256
+  312465
+  321645
+  236154
+  263514
+  625341
+  652431
+  564213
+  546123
+  451632
+  415362
+  143526
+  _bob._
+  134562
+  315426
+  351246
+  532164
+  523614
+  256341
+  265431
+  624513
+  642153
+  461235
+  416325
+  143652
+  _bob._
+  134625
+  316452
+  361542
+  635124
+  653214
+  562341
+  526431
+  254613
+  245163
+  421536
+  412356
+  143265
+  142356
+  ------
+  124536
+  125463
+  ------
+  152643
+  156234
+  ------
+  165324
+  163542
+  ------
+  136452
+  _bob._
+  163425
+  ------
+  136245
+  132654
+  ------
+  123564
+  125346
+  ------
+  152436
+  154263
+  ------
+  145623
+  _bob._
+  154632
+  ------
+  145362
+  _bob._
+  154326
+  ------
+  145236
+  142563
+  ------
+  124653
+  126435
+  ------
+  162345
+  163254
+  ------
+  136524
+  135642
+  ------
+  153462
+  _bob._
+  135426
+  ------
+  153246
+  152364
+  ------
+  125634
+  126543
+  ------
+  162453
+  164235
+  ------
+  146325
+  _bob._
+  164352
+  ------
+  146532
+  _bob._
+  164523
+  ------
+  146253
+  142635
+  ------
+  124365
+  ------
+  123456
+  ------
+
+Thus much for the _Grandsire-Bob_; I shall next collect what _London
+Peals_ I think most Harmonious, and agreeable, without troubling my self
+to go to _Oxford_, or _Nottingham_, or _Redding_, to enquire after their
+different Methods of _Peales_, as indeed needless; and my reason is
+this: Because I think the same Rules for _Peales_ that are suitable to
+our _London Genius_, may challenge likewise an Acceptance amongst other
+_Cities_; provided their _Steeples_ are furnished with as many, and as
+good _Bells_, and their _Belfree's_ with as ingenious and elaborate
+_Ringers_ as here in _London_.
+
+I shall begin then with _Peales upon Six Bells_, and herein in order,
+measure out the Delights on _Peals_ from _Six_ to _Eight_ Bells, and
+setting out early, present you with
+
+
+  _The Morning Exercise._
+
+_Doubles_ and _Singles_. The whole _Hunt_ is the _Treble_, which
+_Hunteth_ up into the _Second_, _Third_, and _Fourth_ places, lying
+twice in each; and then lyeth still in the _Sixth_ place, having dodged
+behind, and makes another, and then _Hunts_ down as it _Hunted_ up, and
+then leads four times. Observing the manner of its Pricking, and its
+Practice, may excuse any further defining it.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  213456
+  231465
+  231456
+  234165
+  234156
+  243516
+  243561
+  245316
+  245361
+  254631
+  254613
+  256431
+  256413
+  265143
+  265134
+  261543  [printed as: 265143]
+  261534
+  216543
+  216534
+  126543
+  126534
+  162543
+  162534
+  ------
+  164352
+  164325
+  _bob._
+  163452
+  163425
+  ------
+  165243
+  165234
+  156243
+  156234
+  ------
+  154326
+  154362
+  _bob._
+  153426
+  153462
+  ------
+  152643
+  152634
+  125643
+  125634
+  ------
+  124365
+  124356
+  142365
+  142356
+  ------
+  146532
+  146523
+  _bob._
+  145632
+  145623
+  ------
+  143265
+  143256
+  134265
+  134256
+  ------
+  136524
+  136542
+  _bob._
+  135624
+  135642
+  ------
+  132465
+  132456
+  123465
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This will go a 120 _Changes_, and by making _Bobs_, 240, 360, 720.
+
+
+  _A Cure for _Melancholy_._
+  _Doubles_ and _Singles_.
+
+I should think it needless to explain the method of prick'd Peales, and
+give a large Definition of them, when their plain Demonstration might be
+sufficient; However, as the Old _Phrase_ is, _Because 'tis usual_,
+something shall be said of this too.
+
+The _Treble_ is the whole _Hunt_, as in the former, and leads four
+times, and lyeth behind as many, and twice in every other place; the two
+_Bells_ in the 3d. add 4th. places continue dodging, when the _Treble_
+moves out of the 4th. place; untill it comes down there again, and then
+the two hindmost dodge, till the _Treble_ displaceth them; who maketh
+every double _Change_, except when it lieth behind, and then the double
+is on the four first, and on the four last when it leads. Every Single
+(except when the _Treble_ lies there) is in the 5th. and 6th. places;
+or if possessed by the _Treble_, then in the 3d. and 4th. places: Every
+_Bell_ (except the _Treble_) lies four times in the Second place: But
+enough; a word is enough to the Wise. See it here Deciphered.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  213456
+  231465
+  231456
+  234165
+  234156
+  243516
+  245316
+  243561
+  245361
+  423561
+  425361
+  423516
+  425316
+  452136
+  452163
+  451236
+  451263
+  415236
+  415263
+  145236
+  145263
+  142536
+  142563
+  ------
+  156423
+  156432
+  _bob._
+  165423
+  165432
+  ------
+  143652
+  143625
+  _bob._
+  134652
+  134625
+  ------
+  162345
+  162354
+  163245
+  163254
+  ------
+  125634
+  125643
+  126534
+  126543
+  ------
+  154263
+  154236
+  152463
+  152436
+  ------
+  143526
+  143562
+  _bob._
+  134526
+  134562
+  ------
+  156423
+  156432
+  _bob._
+  165423
+  165432
+  ------
+  132654
+  132645
+  136254
+  136245
+  ------
+  124365
+  124356
+  123465
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This will go _Six-score Changes_, but by making _bobs_, it will go 240,
+360, or 720. The _bob_ is a double _Change_ at the leading of the
+_Treble_, in which the _Bell_ in the 4th Place lyeth still.
+
+
+  London Nightingale,
+  _Doubles_ and _Singles_.
+
+The Whole-_Hunt_ is the _Treble_, who lyeth four times before, and as
+many behind, and twice in every other place: The two hind _bells_
+continue dodging, when the _Treble_ moves down out of the _Fifth_ place,
+till he comes there again, the _bell_ in the _Fourth_ place lying still
+all the while: When the two hind _bells_ aforesaid leave dodging, then
+the two _First bells_ take their dodging places, till dispossessed
+again, by the return of the said Hind _bells_ to their dodging; and then
+they Cease.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  213456
+  231465
+  231456
+  234165
+  234156
+  243516
+  423516
+  243561
+  423561
+  245361
+  425361
+  245316
+  425316
+  452136
+  452163
+  451236
+  451263
+  415236
+  415263
+  145236
+  145263
+  154236
+  154263
+  ------
+  126543
+  126534
+  162543
+  162534
+  ------
+  153624
+  153642
+  _bob._
+  156324
+  156342
+  ------
+  134562
+  134526
+  _bob._
+  135462
+  135426
+  ------
+  142356
+  142365
+  124356
+  124365
+  ------
+  136245
+  136254
+  163245
+  163254
+  ------
+  125634
+  125643
+  152634
+  152643  [printed as: 152634]
+  ------
+  164523
+  164532
+  _bob._
+  165423
+  165432
+  ------
+  143652
+  143625
+  _bob._
+  146352
+  146325
+  ------
+  132465
+  132456
+  123465
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This will go 120, and by making _bobs_, 240, 360, or 720.
+
+
+  _Colledge Bobs._
+
+In this _bob_, when the _Treble_ leaves the two Hind _bells_, they dodge
+till it comes there again, and till the _Treble_ gives way for the
+dodging again of the said two Hind _bells_, the two _First bells_ dodge,
+but after Cease dodging, when the two Hind _bells_ dodge.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  214365
+  124356
+  213465
+  231456
+  324165
+  321456
+  234165
+  243615
+  426351
+  246315
+  423651
+  246351
+  423615
+  243651
+  426315
+  462135
+  641253
+  642135
+  461253
+  416235
+  142653
+  412635
+  146253
+  142635
+  416253
+  146235
+  412653
+  421635
+  246153
+  241635
+  426153
+  462513
+  _&c._
+  165432
+  _bob._
+  156423
+  ------
+  143526
+  _bob._
+  134562
+  ------
+  152364
+  153246
+  ------
+  126543
+  125634
+  ------
+  164235
+  162453
+  ------
+  143652
+  _bob._
+  134625
+  ------
+  165324
+  _bob._
+  156342
+  ------
+  132546
+  135264
+  ------
+  124365
+  123456
+  ------
+
+
+  _Another._
+
+Here, every _bell_, when it comes to lead, makes a dodge before, then
+after one _Change_, it lyeth still; after it has made another dodge,
+it moves up into the _4th._ place, where twice it lyeth still; and down
+again; except the _Treble_ happens to dodge with it in the _4th._ place,
+then it _Hunts_ up behind. When the _Treble_ moves down out of the _3d._
+place, the two _bells_ in the _3d._ and _4th._ place continue there,
+till the _Treble_ comes up thither again, the two hind _bells_ dodging
+in the mean time.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  214365
+  124356
+  213465
+  231645
+  326154
+  231654
+  326145
+  362415
+  634251
+  364215
+  632451
+  623541
+  265314
+  625341
+  263514
+  236154
+  321645
+  236145
+  321654
+  312564
+  135246
+  315264
+  132546
+  135264
+  312546
+  132564
+  315246
+  351426
+  534162
+  351462
+  534126
+  _&c._
+  153624
+  _bob._
+  135642
+  ------
+  153462
+  _bob._
+  135426
+  ------
+  153246
+  152364
+  ------
+  125634
+  126543
+  ------
+  162453
+  164235
+  ------
+  146325
+  _bob._
+  164352
+  ------
+  146532
+  _bob._
+  164523
+  ------
+  146253
+  142635
+  ------
+  124365
+  123456
+  ------
+
+Both these _bobs_ will go _One Hundred_ and _Twenty Changes_, and by
+making of _bobs_, they will go, 240, 360, or 720. And thus with little
+Variation, there are other _bobs_ may be made after the same manner, and
+afford as Admirable Musick, as possibly can be made on _bells_. I shall
+therefore hasten to finish this dayes Work, only first present you with
+this one more called,
+
+
+  The City Delight:
+  _Doubles_ and _Singles_.
+
+The whole _Hunt_ is the _Treble_, and lieth as before in the
+_Nightingale_: When the _Treble_ moves out of the _3d._ place, the
+_Singles_ are made in the _2d._ and _3d._ places, till the _Treble_
+repossesses his _3d_ place, and then behind, till it moves up again out
+of the _3d._ place. The two Hind _bells_ dodge, when the _Treble_ moves
+out of the _4th._ place, till he returns again; the _bell_ in the _4th._
+place lying still all the while.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  213456
+  231465
+  231456
+  234165
+  234156
+  243156
+  234615
+  243615
+  246351
+  264351
+  246531
+  264351
+  265413
+  256413
+  265143
+  256143
+  251634
+  251643
+  215634
+  215643
+  125634
+  125643
+  152634
+  152643
+  ------
+  154326
+  154362
+  _bob._
+  153426
+  153462
+  ------
+  156234
+  156243
+  165234
+  165243
+  ------
+  164352
+  164325
+  _bob._
+  163452
+  163425
+  ------
+  162534
+  162543
+  126534
+  126543
+  ------
+  124365
+  124356
+  142365
+  142356
+  ------
+  145623
+  145632
+  _bob._
+  146523
+  146532
+  ------
+  143265
+  143256
+  134265
+  134256
+  ------
+  135642
+  135624
+  _bob._
+  136542
+  136524
+  ------
+  132465
+  132456
+  123465
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This will go as many _Changes_ as the last mentioned, by making _bobs_.
+And here I will shut up this dayes Peal, upon Six Bells with
+
+
+  The Evening Delight.
+  _Doubles_ and _Singles_.
+
+The Whole-_Hunt_ is the _Treble_, and lyes as before specified, with
+this exception only: That it dodges in the _2d._ and _3d._ places, every
+time it _Hunts_ up, and down. Observe when _Treble_ goes to lead, and
+leaves of leading, the _bells_ in the _3d._ and _4th._ places lye still,
+_&c._ Note the pricking this _Peal_.
+
+  123456
+  ------
+  213465
+  231465
+  213645
+  231645
+  236154
+  263154
+  236514
+  263514
+  265314
+  256341
+  265431
+  256431
+  254613
+  245613
+  254163
+  245163
+  241536
+  214536
+  241356
+  214356
+  124365
+  142365
+  124635
+  142635
+  ------
+  146253
+  164235
+  _bob._
+  146253
+  164235
+  ------
+  162453
+  126453
+  _bob._
+  162435
+  126435
+  ------
+  124653
+  142653
+  124563
+  142563
+  ------
+  145236
+  154236
+  145326
+  154326
+  ------
+  153462
+  135462
+  153642
+  135642
+  ------
+  136524
+  163524
+  _bob._
+  136542
+  163542
+  ------
+  165324
+  156324
+  _bob._
+  165342
+  156342
+  ------
+  153624
+  135624
+  153264
+  135264
+  ------
+  132546
+  123546
+  132456
+  123456
+  ------
+
+This Peal will go 120 _Changes_, and by making _bobs_, as many as above.
+
+Note that in all the foregoing Peals upon _Six bells_, the _bobs_ are
+double _Changes_, and made alwayes at the leadings of the _Whole-Hunt_.
+He that Rings the _Half-Hunt_, may best call _bob_ in all Peales.
+
+
+I come now to the _Changes_ upon Seven _bells_, which though the seldom
+Practice of them might excuse my omitting them; yet because I promised
+to say somewhat of them, I shall be as good as my Word, (the Character
+of an Honest man) and present you with a couple of Examples, and then
+proceed to _Peales_ upon _Eight_: But this I must crave leave to
+premise, That Variety of _Changes_ may be prick'd upon Seven _bells_, as
+_Triples_, and _Doubles_, _Triples Doubles_, and _Single Doubles_, &c.
+and the same Methods may be prick'd upon _Seven_, as may be upon _Five_,
+the true difference of Proportion being observed; but to proceed.
+
+
+  _Dodging Triples._
+
+_Triples_ and _Doubles_, and indeed all _Peals_ upon Six, may likewise
+go upon Seven _Bells_, thus,
+
+  1234567
+  -------
+  2143576
+  2415367
+  4251376
+  4523167
+  5432617
+  4523671
+  5432761
+  4523716
+  5432176
+  5341267
+  3514276
+  3152467
+  1325476
+  1352746
+
+
+  Plain Triples.
+
+  1234567
+  -------
+  2143657
+  2416375
+  4261735
+  4627153
+  6472513
+  6745231
+  7654321
+  7563412
+  5736142
+  5371624
+  3517264
+  3152746
+  1325476
+
+In this all the Bells have a Hunting _Course_.
+
+
+  _Colledge Triples_, dodging before, and behind.
+
+  1234567
+  -------
+  2143576
+  2415367  [printed as: 2415357]
+  4251376
+  2453167
+  4235617
+  2436571
+  4263751
+  2467315
+  4276135
+  2471653
+  4217635
+  4126753
+  1462735
+  1467253
+  4176235
+  4712653
+  7421635
+  4726153
+  7462513
+  4765231
+
+This _Peal_ thus prick't, will go, 84 _Changes_, and the _Treble_
+leading, and the _Half Hunt_ lying next it, and a parting _Change_
+(which is a _Double_ on the four middlemost of the Six hind _Bells_)
+being made, it will go 420, and by making _bobs_, 5040.
+
+Thus much shall suffice for _Peales_ upon Seven _Bells_, I proceed to
+_Changes_ upon _Eight_.
+
+
+  _Peals of Eight Bells._
+
+Without amusing our selves with what Notes are most _Musical_, to _lye
+behind_, we will come to the matter of Fact; for those Methods of
+_Peals_ that are prick't on _Six_, may be the same upon _Eight_,
+Observing only, that _Triples_ and _Doubles_ upon _Six_, must be
+_Quadruples_, and _Triples_ upon _Eight_. _Doubles_ upon _Six_, must be
+_Triples_ upon _Eight_, &c. Now then to our purpose of Demonstration;
+We generally give preference to things, as they are dignified with some
+eminent Title, and are ready to suppose they may have something more
+than ordinary, that merits such Esteem, whereof the Title is but a Sign,
+or Token; which Custome induced me to head my Discourse upon _Changes_
+on _Eight Bells_, with that which carries the most _Swelling_ Title.
+
+
+  The Imperial Bob:
+  _Quadruples_ and _Triples_.
+
+The _Treble_ hath a dodging _Course_, the two first, and two last
+_Bells_ always dodge, till hindred by the _Treble_, the two next to
+these, lying still one _Change_, dodge the next, till the _Treble_
+hinders them too. Those in the 5th. and 6th. places dodge (the Treble
+being behind) and those in the 3d. and 4th. places likewise dodge (the
+Treble being before) and so till hindered by the Treble.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  12346578
+  21436587
+  24136578
+  42315687
+  24135678
+  42316587
+  24361578
+  42635187
+  24631578
+  42365187
+  24635817
+  42368571
+  24365817
+  42638571
+  24365871
+  42638517
+  24635871
+  42368517
+  24638157
+  42361875
+  24368157
+  42631875
+  24613857
+  42168375
+  24618357
+  42163857
+  41268357
+  14623875
+  41263857
+  14628375
+  14263857
+  41628375
+  14268357
+  41623875
+  46128357
+  64213875
+  46123857
+  64218375
+  46281357
+  _&c._
+  16847253
+  16482735
+  --------
+  18765432
+  _bob._
+  17864523
+  --------
+  16573824
+  _bob._
+  15678342
+  --------
+  17352648
+  17536284
+  --------
+  13274586
+  13725468
+  --------
+  12438765
+  12347856
+  --------
+  14826357
+  14283675
+  --------
+  18645273
+  18462537
+  --------
+  16587432
+  _bob._
+  15684732
+  --------
+  18753624
+  _bob._
+  17856342
+  --------
+  15372846
+  15738264
+  --------
+  13254768
+  13527486
+  --------
+  12436587
+  12345678
+  --------
+
+By this method, the Peal will go 224 Changes, and by making of Bobs it
+will go 448, 672, 1344. The Bob is a _Triple_ Change at the Leading of
+the Treble, wherein the Bell in the _Fourth_ place lies still.
+
+
+The next that comes to our Observation, and answers to what we first
+hinted at in the beginning of this discourse of Peals upon _Eight_ Bells
+I mean _Precedency in Title_, is the
+
+
+  Bob Major.
+  _Plain Quadruples_ and _Triples_.
+
+In this all the _Bells_ have a direct _Hunting Course_, until the Treble
+leads, and then the six hindmost _Bells_ dodge.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24163857
+  42618375
+  46281735
+  64827153
+  68472513
+  86745231
+  87654321
+  78563412
+  75836142
+  57381624
+  53718264
+  35172846
+  31527486
+  13254768
+  31527486
+
+By this method this will go 112. And by making _Bobs_, 224, 336, or 672.
+The _Bob_ is a _Triple Change_, as in the foregoing _Imperial_ is
+specified. By making two _Extreams_ it will go 1344, and with four
+_Extreams_, 2688.
+
+All Peals upon six Bells, wherein half the Changes are _Triples_, will
+go upon _Eight_ according the method before-going, thus; If it be a Peal
+upon _Six_, consisting of 360, or 720 Changes, then there must be five
+_Hunts_ in the Ringing of it upon _Eight_, the Treble being the first,
+2 the Second, _&c._
+
+
+  Colledge Bob Major.
+  _Quadruples_ and _Triples_.
+
+There is four wayes of Pricking these. The first hath single Dodging
+behind, and is thus Peal'd.
+
+
+  The First.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24163578
+  42615387
+  46251378
+  64523187
+  65432817
+  56348271
+  53684721
+  35867412
+  38576142
+  83751624
+  87315642
+  78136524
+  71863542
+  17685324
+  16758342
+
+
+  The Second.
+
+This hath Single Dodging before and behind, thus prickt.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24163578
+  42615387
+  24651378
+  42563187
+  24536817
+  42358671
+  24385761
+  42837516
+  24873156
+  42781365
+  24718356
+  42173865
+  41237856
+  14328765
+  13482756
+
+
+  The Third.
+
+This hath double Dodging behind, thus Prickt.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24135678
+  42316587
+  43261578
+  34625187
+  36452817
+  63548271
+  65384721
+  56837412
+  58673142
+  85761324
+  87216342
+  78153624
+  71856342
+  17583624
+  15786342
+
+
+  The Fourth.
+
+This hath double Dodging before and behind both thus.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24135678
+  42316587
+  24361578
+  42635187
+  24365817
+  42638571
+  24368751
+  42637815
+  24367185
+  42631758
+  24613785
+  42167358
+  41263785
+  14627358
+  16423785
+
+These may be prick't several other wayes, but that I Omit here for
+Brevities sake; The _Dodging_ is without Intermission, except an
+hinderance comes by the _Treble_; as likewise between two Bells, until
+_Treble_ parts the Fray. The _Bobs_ are _Triple Changes_, as the
+_Treble_ leads; in the _1st._ _2d._ and _6th._ the Bell in the _4th._
+place lies still at the _Bobs_, and in the _3d._ _4th._ and _5th._ that
+in the _2d._ place lies still.
+
+Each of these will go 112 Changes, and by making Bobs 224, 336, or 672.
+
+
+  Colledge Triples Dodging both before and behind.
+
+This Peal is the same for _Bobs_, as the _Bob Major_, and will go as
+many Changes by making Bobs, or otherwise, as any of the foregoing Four,
+and is thus Peal'd.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21436587
+  24153678
+  42513687
+  24531678
+  42536187
+  24563817
+  42568371
+  24586731
+  42587613
+  24578163
+  42571836
+  24517863
+  42157836
+  41275863
+  14725836
+  17452863
+
+
+  The Wild-Goose Chace
+  _Triples._
+
+The Explanation shall follow the Peal; intending here to put an end to
+my _Epitome_ of the _Art of Ringing_, and therefore shall first present
+you with this Prick't thus.
+
+  12345678
+  --------
+  21536784
+  25163748
+  52613784
+  56231748
+  65327184
+  63572814
+  36758241
+  37625481
+  73265418
+  72356148
+  27531684
+  25713648
+  52173684
+  51237648
+  15327684
+  13572648
+  31752684
+  37125648
+  73215684
+  72351648
+
+In this Change the 4th. Bell must first hunt up into the Sevenths place,
+and then the 4 and 8 alwayes dodge behind throughout the Peal, unless
+when obstructed by the _Treble_. The Bell that moves up into the 6th.
+place, when the _Treble_ moves thence down, lies still there, till
+displaced by the _Treble_; during which time the two hind Bells dodge,
+and the _five first_ go a perfect _Hunting-Course_: And when likewise
+the _Treble_ moveth out the 5th. place the five first Bells go a
+_Hunting-Course_, till it comes down there again: By this method it will
+go 80 Changes, and by _Bobs_ 160, 240, or 480. The _Bob_ is made as in
+the foregoing Changes.
+
+And here I thought to make an end of the Art of Ringing, but _Cynthius
+aurem vellit_, the young Practitioner, whose only Information is hereby
+aimed at, plucks me by the Sleeve, and tells me in the Ear, That tho
+Peals upon six, as _Triples_ and _Doubles_, &c. make excellent Musick
+upon Eight _Bells_, 4 8, 6 8, 4 1, or 1 8 lying behind: Or, _Triples_
+and _Doubles_ upon the six middle _Bells_, the _Tennor_ lying behind;
+yet for him who is not arrived to such a perfection of Skill, at to Ring
+these compleat Peals, the most proper and easy for him are
+_Set-Changes_, which are founded on these _Grounds_.
+
+First, _Placing the Bells Fifths_; thus: The 4 must hunt up behind
+the 7, the 3, behind the 6, and the 2 behind the 5; Or the one may hunt
+down under the other, as the 5 under the 2, the 6 under 3, and 7
+under 4: Or if you will, first let a _Single_, next a _Double_, and then
+a _Triple_ Change be made on the Middle _Bells_, all coming to the same
+effect; for then the Changes will lye _Fifths_ thus, 1 5, 2 6, 3 7, 4 8.
+In the Peal four _Concords_ are to be regarded, The first 1 5; the
+second 2 6. the third 3 7. and the fourth 4 8.
+
+These four _Concords_ may go the Methods of any Changes upon four
+_Bells_; 1, 5 being taken for the _Treble_; 2, 6 for the _Second_; 3, 7
+for the _Third_; and 4, 8 for the _Fourth_; and the _Concords_ may
+Change places with one another, as you list. In which this Observation
+is highly necessary, That the two Notes of every Concord must constantly
+attend each other in their Motion; that is, whenever one of the two
+Notes moves, the other must follow it.
+
+Or Secondly, _Place the Bells_ Thirds; thus: The 6 4 and 2 must hunt up,
+or else the 3 5 7 down; or otherwise on the middle most _Bells_ let a
+_Triple_, _Double_ or _Single_ Change be made, they are to one effect;
+and then the _Bells_ will lie _Thirds_ thus, 1 3. 5 7. 2 4. 6 8. Herein
+are four _Concords_ observable; as in the former Peal, _viz_, 1 3. 5 7.
+2 4. 6 8. These _Concords_ may go the Methods of any Changes upon Four
+_Bells_, 1, 3 being taken for the Treble; 5, 7 for the Second; 2, 4 for
+the third; and 6, 8 for the fourth; moving in the same manner as before
+shewed.
+
+By these _Grounds_ Variety of excellent & Musical Changes are to be
+Rung; _Any Concord may be made a Hunt_, and to move up and down at the
+begining.
+
+In Ringing these _Set-Changes_, the Note will lye sometimes _Fifths_,
+sometimes _Thirds_, and sometimes _both_, and then to _Clam_ them, is
+admirable Musick: Clamming is, when each _Concord_ strike together;
+which being done true the 8 will strike as but four _Bells_, & make a
+Melodious Harmony. You may _Clam_ two or three bouts, and then strike as
+many times Open, alternatively, one _Clam_ one Pull, and Open the next,
+_&c._
+
+Thus much shall suffice for my treating of Ringing, and had not the
+Variety of its _Theme_, in which I was insensibly engaged, invited my
+Tast of something of every thing: I had not enlarged so much as I have;
+but I hope the pleasure it may produce, will attone for my dilating on
+so delightful a Subject; All I have therefore to add is, some _Advice_
+to the _Ringer_, in the Lawfull prosecuting this _Recreation_; and that
+is this.
+
+When God in _Israels Exodus_ out of _Egypt_, commanded _Moses_ to
+Consecrate _Aaron_, and his Sons, and invest them with those
+_Pontificial_ Vestments, according to the Pattern God had cut out, it is
+observable, that the _Robe_ of the _Ephod_, was with a particular
+Circumstance of Beauty to be Adorned, by hanging the _Hem_ of it with
+_Golden Bells_, and _Pomegranates_, each placed in an orderly Position,
+one by another round: This was the first institution we can read of, for
+the Use _Bells_ in Sacred Offices; but the reason was this: Because in
+_Aarons_ Ministration before God, when he entered into the Holy Place,
+and when he came out, the Sound of the _Bells_ might be heard in the
+_Temple_, for a _Memorial_ to the Children of his People. This Use of
+Bells continue in the _Aaronical_ Order, to this day. From hence the
+_Christian Church_ likewise (of which the Church under the _Mosaic_
+Dispensation was but a _Type_) has made Use of _Bells_, for the
+notifying the Time when the People are to Assemble, and made a Signal
+for convocating them together to the _Temple_; and herein differing from
+the _Mahometans_, in the _Steeples_ of whose _Temples_, are never found
+any _Bells_, but _Cryers_, Persons who with a loud Voyce call them to
+Prayers.
+
+Now then let us make this Use of the Institution of _Bells_. _First_,
+Let not only the _Musick_ and _Delight_ the _Bells_ give thee, invite
+thee to come to the _Temple_, to be partaker of that Pleasure they may
+afford thy Body, but let their _Musick_ invite thee to come thither when
+they call thee, to exercise thy Soul in Devotion; to God. Do not let thy
+frequent coming thither on _Week-days_ for thy Diversion, make thee
+absent thy self on _Sundays_ from thy Devotion; but let their Original
+Use make thee mindful of the _Sanctum Sanctorum_, the most Holy Place.
+Do not let the _Sunday_ Mornings Peal engage thy presence then, and the
+_Ale-House_ have thy company afterwards. Be as quick in hearing the
+_Chyming_ for _Prayers_, as thou art in the _Notes_ for _Pleasure_.
+
+  _When ere the _Old-Exchange_ of Profit Rings,
+  Her Silver _Saints-Bell_, of uncertain Gains,
+  Thy Merchant-soul can stretch both _Legs & Wings_,
+  How canst thou run, and take unwearied Pains?_
+
+And shouldst thou not be as nimble, when the _Saints-bell_ of the Church
+sounds in thy Ears, and calls thee to attend the _Priest_, who now
+signifyes his entrance into the _Holy-place_, and invites thee to joyn
+with him in the Sacrifice of Prayers and Praises.
+
+_Secondly_, Nor let the Bells be made thy Lullaby, to drown some
+Dissatisfaction, and so makes thee repair to the _Belfree_, (like the
+_Nurse_ to her _Whistle-Bells_) to quiet thy disturbed mind, and thus
+(as the Divine Poet excellently expresses it) to silence it with
+
+  Look, Look, What's here! A dainty Golden thing?
+  See how the dancing _Bells_ turn round, and Ring
+  To please my _Bantling_! here's a _Knack_ will breed,
+  An hundred Kisses; here's a _Knack_ indeed, _&c._
+
+But let the _Altar_ have thy presence in Communion with God, in Prayers
+for his Grace, and Patience, to support any Calamity that may fall upon
+thee.
+
+_Lastly_, Let the Bells put you in mind to contemplate on _Death_, and
+every time you Ring, think how long it may be ere one of these may be
+your turn to have to sound
+
+  _The Nine sad Knolls of a Dull _Passing-Bell_,
+  With the loud Language of a Nightly Knell._
+
+This in short, is the use the _Ringer_ ought to make of this his
+Recreation, which if he makes duly and rightly, he may then Lawfully
+enjoy all the Benefit he can desire from it. And here I shall make an
+end of this Observation by way of Advice to the _Ringer_, which perhaps
+coming amongst Recreations may look unseasonable; But I know (at least
+presume) if I meet with an ingenious Reader, I shall need no Apology,
+for playing the Divine, in the directing the good Use of our Pleasures,
+and aiming at the furtherance of Virtue in all our Actions.
+
+Thus much for _Ringing_.
+
+
+
+
+Of Billiards,
+
+
+_Italy_ is asserted by universal Consent, to have been the Country
+whence this Recreation took its Birth and Original; and indeed 'tis no
+wonder that she who is called the _Queen_ or _Empress of the World_, the
+_Mistress of the Nations_, nay _the Paradise of the World_, should yield
+such Art and Ingenuity, and gentile Cunning, as her proper Product:
+A Country whose Inhabitants for their _Gravity_, _Respectiveness_, and
+_Ingenuity_ will ever stand Chronicled in the Books of Fame. A People
+that are _obedient_ to their _Superiors_, _Courteous_ to their
+Inferiors, full of all _Civility_ to their Equals, _Affable_ to
+Strangers, and most desirous by all fair and friendly Offices to win
+their Love. In their _Apparel_ fine and modest, in their _Furniture_ of
+their Houses sumptuous, and at their _Tables_ neat, sober in _Speech_,
+Enemies of all _ill Reports_ of others, and so tender of their own
+_Reputation_, that whosoever Slanders any one, and it reach the Parties
+Ear, the Slanderer certainly dies for it: _Thrifty_ they are generally
+of their Money and Expence, and love no more Cost, than what they are
+sure to Save by, or have great Thanks for; but otherwise for civil
+Behaviour and Deportment, surpassing all the Gentry of the World
+besides. But one thing I dare not omit in this Character of them, _viz._
+That they are extream _Jealous of their Wives_; and indeed not without
+some reason, if what is spoken proverbially of their Women, be true,
+That they are as _Magpies_ at the door, _Saints_ in the Church, _Goats_
+in the Garden, _Devils_ in the House, _Angels_ in the Streets, and
+_Syrens_ at the Windows; if Nature does not make them appear Beautiful,
+Art shall, as Paintings and other sophistical Helps; whence comes this
+Proverb among them, If _God make them tall and Fat_ (a _goodly_ Woman
+being a Title of great Value among them) _they will make themselves
+fair_. In fine, The Gentry are very Rich, live of all Men the most
+careless and contented Lives, keeping the Poor as Drudges and Slaves for
+them; and as it is said of the Tyrant _Polycrates_, _Have nothing to
+trouble them, but that they are troubled with nothing_.
+
+Thus I have given you a brief Character of the Inventors of this
+Recreation we are coming to treat of, and hence we may presume, how
+_fit_ such a People as this is, to give Birth to such a Recreation, so
+Gentile, so Cleanly, and so Ingenious, that as their Persons and Manners
+are emulously esteemed, so are their Pastimes ambitiously pursued, by
+most Nations in _Europe_; and this Sport is hugely valued by all in
+general, few Noblemen's or private Gentlemen's Families, nor few noted
+Towns in _England_, but have _Billiard Tables_, and admire the
+Excellency of it, both for the Exercise of the Body, and the Recreation
+of the Mind. But to the Matter in hand.
+
+_First_ then, He that would rightly understand this excellent Pastime,
+must be very careful of the _Form_ and _Make of the Table_, and the
+right ordering, framing, and fitting it for the Game, which is known by
+these ensuing Marks.
+
+1. The _Form_ of a _Billiard Table_ ought to be _Oblong_, that is to
+say, somewhat longer than it is broad; Both the length and breadth being
+left to your Discretion to make; proportionable to the Room you design
+it for; It ought to be _railed_ round, and this Rail or Ledge a little
+swelled or stufft with fine Flox or Cotton, that may yield to the Ball
+when struck against it, and expedites rather than deads the Flight of
+the Ball; though that happens according to the Violence of the Stroke or
+Push: The _Superficies_ of the Table ought to be covered with Green fine
+Cloath, clean and free from Knots: The Board must be levelled as exactly
+as is possible for the Eye and Hand of the most curious Joyner to Level,
+to the end your Ball may run true upon any part of the Table, without
+leaning or declining to any side of it: I must confess I do believe
+there are few have been so careful in this last thing, as they ought,
+because they have not timely foreseen, if the Boards, whereof the Table
+is made, be _well-seasoned_, and not subject to _Warp_, and that the
+_Floor_ whereon it stands be even and level; so that through the
+Ill-seasonedness of the one, or Unevennes of the other, as likewise in
+time by the weight of the Table, and the Gamesters yielding and giving
+way, there are very few found true. And indeed without a Table be
+exactly true, a good Gamester can never shew the Excellency of his Skill
+and Art, but a very Bungler sometimes, by being well acquainted with the
+Turnings and Windings of a false Table, may beat a good Gamester with
+great vexation and shame, who otherwise would have given him any odds
+whatsoever. Therefore let me tell you, it will conduce as much to the
+Interest of the Master of the House, where a _Billiard Table_ is kept,
+to see that it be well and truly levelled and kept, as it does to the
+Pleasure and satisfaction of a good Gamester, whose Skill is best seen
+and exhibited on such Tables, and never comes unattended with Company
+and Profit to the House, by his Recommendation he gives abroad of it.
+And now let us proceed to the rest of its parts, and fit it for our
+Play; and then let's to't as you list.
+
+2. The four Corners of the Table must be furnished with _four Holes_,
+and exactly in the middle of each side _one Hole_, and these Holes must
+be hung at the bottoms with _Nets_, Which Holes are named _Hazards_,
+because if either by Skill or Chance one Gamester strikes anothers Ball
+into these Holes, or Hazards, as we will now call them, he wins One; the
+_Nets_ are made to receive the Ball, and keep them from falling to the
+Ground when hazarded; and indeed is a very commendable way, far better
+than _Wooden_ Boxes which some use, these being apt to let a Ball to fly
+out again, when they are struck in by a stiff stroke, whereas the Nets
+keep them safe, and makes it impossible for them to rebound.
+
+_3dly._ The other _Utensils_ and _Instruments_ belonging to this first
+part of our Observations of the _Billiard Table_, are 1. An _Ivory
+Port_, this must be placed at one end of the Table. 2. An _Ivory King_,
+which must stand at the other end. 3. Two _Ivory Balls_, which must be
+compleatly round, or no good proof of your Play can be expected. 4. and
+Lastly, _Two Sticks_ made of _Brasile_, _Lignum-Vitae_, or some other
+weighty Wood, to make them heavy, and at the broad end tipt with Ivory:
+And be sure to observe narrowly, if the _Heads_ be tight and fast, for
+if they should be loose you will never strike a smart stroke; and
+therefore if you fear this Defect, see if your stroke be hollow and
+dead, and your Ball run faintly, these are infallible Tokens that your
+Play will come to nothing without a fresh supply of other Sticks, or the
+heads of these fixt.
+
+Thus much for the Table, and all the other Implements belonging to it,
+which are necessary for our first Enquiry for the right understanding of
+this Game, I come next to those _Rules_ and _Measures_ which are to be
+observed for the rendring one a Gamester at this gentile Game.
+
+_Secondly_, This Game in its _Number_ is, according to the _Place_ and
+_Time_, when and where it is play'd; for in Gentlemens Houses they do
+not oblige themselves to a certain Number, but make as many as they
+please to admit up without any Restriction: But in Houses where part of
+their Subsistence has a Dependance upon a _Billiard Table_, the Game is
+_Five_ by Day-light or _Seven_, if odds be given, and _Three_ by
+Candle-light, or more, as the Rule of the House is. Now then having
+agreed upon what number we play, let us learn next how to manage our
+Game skillfully and with Art, and this we may understand by these
+following Rules.
+
+1. Let us know who must lead, which thus is resolved: You must stand on
+the one side of the Table opposite to the (so called) King, with your
+Ball laid near the Cushion, and your Adversary on the other placed in
+the like posture; and thus He of the two, that comes nearest the King,
+leads first.
+
+_2ly._ Having gotten the Lead, have a Care how you strike your Ball,
+that at the first stroke you touch not with your Ball the end of the
+Table, leading from the King to the Port, for if you touch it you lose
+One, as you shall observe hereafter in the Orders. But after the first
+Stroke you need not fear doing it: And you Leader be sure to lead so,
+that you may be in a possibility of passing the Port the next Stroke; or
+else to lye so cunningly, that you may probably hazard your Adversaries
+Ball the very Stroke you play after him.
+
+_3ly._ Generally the first Contest is who shall _pass first the Port_,
+and herein much Pains is taken, and all the Art and Cunning possible
+used to do it, and sometimes, nay frequently, an Opportunity of a
+_Hazard_ ends the Controversy: Sundry and various, as well as very
+pleasant, are the Policies and Tricks which are here used to obstruct
+each others Pass, as; _By turning the Port by a strong clever stroke_
+(the Sticks turning it, it is nothing, but to set aright again is the
+amends, though some would have the severity of the Orders inflicted on
+such an Offence by the Loss of One:) Next by _laying your Ball_ (when
+you see it impossible to pass) _in the Port_, or _before your
+Adversaries Ball_, for then let him do his utmost, he must Pass after
+you; if he has Past first, and you dare not venture to follow him, as
+fearing he should in the mean time touch the King, and so carry away the
+End; then you must wait upon him, and watch every Opportunity how you
+may hazard, or king him: Kinging of him is, when his Ball lyes in so
+advantageous a manner, as that if you strike his Ball, he must
+inevitably strike down the King, then you win, and prevent the Loss of
+that End: But with this Caution however, That you be careful how you
+strike, for if you do king him, and your Ball happens to fly over the
+Table, or into a Hazard, you shall lose One notwithstanding you have
+King'd him; and therefore a skillful Precaution must ever be had in
+this, and he that would prevent any such Chance, must
+
+_4ly._ Have a _curious Eye_, and a _good Judgment_, to take and quarter
+just so much of the Ball, that when he intends either to King or Hazard
+his Adversaries Ball, he may with Facility & Dexterity effect either.
+Which Observation must be noted, in passing on your Antagonists Ball, or
+corner of the Port: And indeed some are curious Effectors of this part
+of the Recreation, who with less than a fifth part of a Ball, will
+rarely miss a King or Hazard; which I must confess is an excellent part
+of a compleat Gamester in this Sport.
+
+_5ly._ Be careful that you _lay not your hand on the Table_ when you
+strike, nor let your Sleeve drag upon it, if you do it is a Loss; Or if
+you _smoke a Pipe of Spanish or Virginia_, being so wedded to that Fume,
+that were you sure to smother all the rest of the Company you are
+insensible of the Indecency, be careful that the Ashes fall not on the
+Table, lest the Cloth be burnt, which many times falls out: In these two
+Cases, let the Mulcts and Forfeitures of both, but especially the
+Hinderance the last gives a Man in the Skillful managing his Game, deter
+you from the lolling slovenly Posture of the first, and the stinking
+Indecency of the latter; because this Pastime being of a neat and
+cleanly Composition, will not admit any such Irregularities and
+Indecorums, without an absolute Violation of its Laws, and a Punishment
+attending such unhandsome Offences.
+
+_6thly._ As this cleanly Pastime exacts our diligent Care of keeping a
+_Decorum_, in the prosecuting the same, so does it require that we
+handle our Instruments with a neat and tractable hand, dislikes a
+Clumsey-Fist, which palms the Stick, as if he were handling a
+_Plough-share_: And therefore when you strike a long stroak, hold your
+stick neatly between your two fore-Fingers and your Thumb, and then
+strike a smart stroak; and by taking a steady and right Aim, (in this
+having your Eye and Judgment about you) you may when you list, either
+fetch back your Adversaries Ball, when he lyes fair for a Pass; or many
+times, when he lyes behind the _King_, and you at the other end of the
+Table, you may by a dextrous management of your stroke, _King_ him
+backward: Both which ways, I must confess, require a great deal of Care,
+and good Play, which he that would be, or already is, a Gamester, is
+never wanting in. But
+
+_7thly_, If you lye close, then the small end of your Stick, or the flat
+of the big end, raising up one end over your shoulder, is practicable
+and useful, and either of them to be used, as Occasion shall require,
+and as you judge most convenient and proper for the working the Effect
+you Aim at.
+
+_8thly_, There is one Fault, which tho its Demerits perhaps may not
+reach a Forfeiture, yet I must tell you will scarce admit of an Excuse,
+though this I presume is regulated according to the Agreement first
+stipulated between the Gamesters, and this Fault is called _Raking_,
+_i. e._ not striking your Ball cleanly, but gliding along, as it were;
+But in this, if you touch your Ball twice, it is a loss; as indeed
+repugnant to all _Rule_ and _Method_.
+
+_9thly_, There is another Caution you are to take at the Port, _viz._
+When you jobb your Ball with the great end of your stick through the
+Port, beware that you throw it not down, the doing of it is a loss; and
+therefore be careful to do it so handsomly, that at one stroke without
+turning the Port with your stick (which as I have mentioned before is a
+fault) you accomplish your Intention: But on the contrary observe
+
+_10thly_, It is good play to turn the Port with your _Ball_, (not with
+your stick) and so hinder your Adversary from passing: Nor is it amiss,
+to make your Adversary a _Fornicator_ if it lyes in your Power: I mean
+to make him a _Fornicator_ is, having past your self a little way, and
+your Adversaries ball being hardly through the port, you put him back
+again, and it may be quite out of pass, and so you may the sooner
+peradventure gain the end, having the Advantage of passing, by gently
+thrusting the other back again.
+
+_11thly_, Let Policy likewise be a guide to you, for obtaining the
+Conquest, and lying a-loof off, and laying a long Hazard sometimes for
+your Antagonist, will be an excellent way to entice and entrap him; for
+that he promising to himself the good fortune of Hazarding you, will be
+induced rashly to adventure at that distance, and supposing to strike
+your Ball, which cunningly lyes (to tempt him to that Venture) near the
+Hazard, is himself caught in that Trap he thought to throw you into, by
+reason that the distance, deceives his Expectation, and blows up his
+thoughts with fruitless Suppositions.
+
+_12thly_, Let Art likewise teach you Cunning, _i. e._ by lying abscond,
+or at Bo-peep with your Adversary; this is a subtlety which perhaps may
+gain the Advantage of a Pass or Hazard. For I must tell you, in this
+Game, is required much Cunning, and subtle Contrivance, as in any
+Recreation whatever, and therefore when you are to Play with an Expert
+Player, you must muster up all the forces of your Ingenuity and Wit, for
+the vanquishing of your Opponent.
+
+_Lastly_, Observe the Advantages may be gained, and endeavour to get
+them, if they fall within the sphere of your Activity. One of which I
+shall here insert, which is indeed the chief, _viz._ That if your
+Adversary hath not past the Port, and lies up by the King, take the
+Advantage of a Second Pass, endeavour to pass again, which if you
+dextrously perform, and after touch the King, you gain two; but if your
+too great Precipitancy and Inadvertency, or sometimes an unlucky Chance
+hurryes you on to throw down the King, then you loose.
+
+Some instead of a King use a string and Bell, so that after you have
+passed, you need not doubt the end, as being a thing not so ticklish, or
+requiring so much Art as the King does, to be toucht finely and gently
+at a distance, without throwing it down: This alone is to be preferred
+for ingenious Persons, the other for the use only of Bunglers.
+
+
+Thus much shall suffice for Rules for the right Playing at _Billiards_,
+which being a Recreation not Admitting of any further Observations and
+Methods to be made and shewn on it; Let Practice, and the Dictates of
+the ensuing Orders compleat your Perfection in this gentile Game.
+
+
+_ORDERS for Players at the Gentile Game of _Billiards_ to Observe._
+
+I.
+
+If the Leader touch the end of the Table with his Ball, at the first
+stroke, he loseth One.
+
+II.
+
+If the Follower intend to hit his Adversaries Ball, or pass at one
+Stroke, he must string his Ball, that is, Lay it even with the King, or
+he loseth One.
+
+III.
+
+He that Passeth through the Port hath the Advantage of touching the
+King, which is One, if not thrown down.
+
+IV.
+
+He that passeth twice, his Adversary not having passed at all, and
+toucheth the King, without throwing him down, wins two Ends.
+
+V.
+
+He that passeth not hath no other Advantage than the Hazards.
+
+VI.
+
+He that is a Fornicator (that is hath past through the Back of the Port)
+he must pass twice thro the fore-part, or he cannot have the Advantage
+of passing that end.
+
+VII.
+
+He that hits down the Port, or King, Hazards his own Ball, or strikes
+either Ball over the Table, loseth One.
+
+VIII.
+
+He that Hazards his Adversaries Ball, or makes it hit down the King,
+winneth the end.
+
+IX.
+
+If four Play, two against two, he that mistakes his stroke loseth one to
+that side he is of.
+
+X.
+
+He that after both Balls plaid, removes the Port without consent, or
+strikes his Ball twice together, or that his Adversaries Ball touch his
+stick, hand, or Clothes, or playeth his Adversaries Balls, loseth One.
+
+XI.
+
+He that sets not one foot upon the Ground, when he strikes his Ball
+shall lose an end, or if he layes his hand or Sleeve on the Cloth.
+
+XII.
+
+A stander-by, tho he betts shall not instruct, or speak in the Game
+without Consent, or being first asked; If after he is Advertised hereof
+he Offend in this nature, for every fault he shall instantly forfeit
+Two-pence for the good of the Company, or not be suffered to stay in the
+Room.
+
+XIII.
+
+He that Playes a Ball, while the other runs, or takes up a Ball before
+it lies still, loseth an End.
+
+XIV.
+
+He that removes the Port with his stick, when he strikes his Ball, and
+thereby prevents his Adversaries Ball from passing, loseth an end.
+
+XV.
+
+All Controversies are to be decided by the standers-by, upon asking
+Judgment.
+
+XVI.
+
+Whosoever breaks the King forfeits a Shilling, for the Port ten
+Shillings, and each stick Five Shillings.
+
+XVII.
+
+Five ends make a Game by Day-light, and Three by Candle-light.
+
+Many other Orders there are which concern the House, and thither I refer
+you for further Infomation; and here take leave to conclude this my
+_School of Recreation_.
+
+  Utrum horum Mavis accipe, _&c._
+
+
+_FINIS._
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+           *       *       *       *
+
+Some Books Printed for _Henry Rhodes_, near _Bride-Lane_ in
+_Fleet-Street_.
+
+
+The Strange Religions, Customes and Manners of sundry Nations, in
+_Twelves_, price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+The History of the Life and Glorious Reign of Queen _Elizabeth_, the 2d.
+Edition with Additions, by _S. Clark_ in _Twelves_ bound _One Shilling_.
+
+The History of King _Henry_ the eighth and _Edward_ the sixth,
+_Twelves_, Price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+_Coffee-House-Jests_, the third Edition, with Additions, in _Twelves_,
+Price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+The present State of _Turky_, _Twelves_, Price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+The _London Jilt_: Or, The _Politick Whore_, in two parts.
+
+_Witts Cabinet_, Twelves, Price bound _One Shilling_.
+
+Sundery Conversations, _Twelves_.
+
+The great Point of Succession, in _Folio_.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+           *       *       *       *
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Errors Noted by Transcriber:
+
+In several places the first line of a change-ringing chart was damaged
+or missing; since these lines always read "123456" they are not
+separately noted. Brackets in the body of the text are in the original.
+
+  _Infirmity_, _Age_, _Station_, _Degree_, may render
+    [_"may" printed in emphatic type like preceding words_]
+  Give him sharp, as well as gentle, Courses  ["as as well as"]
+  a bag of Chaff, and thresh'd Ears  ["aud"]
+  a-cross these Paths, hollow,  ["Paths ,ollow,"]
+  your Rods about twelve Inches long  [_"a-/about" at line break_]
+  To sharpen your _Hook_, carry a little _Whetstone_.
+    [_"a / a" at line-break]
+  curiously Flourishing their several Orient and bright Colours
+    ["Flourishng"]
+  without breaking or circling the Water
+    [_"the / the" at line-break]
+  Oyl of _Aspray_, _Coculus India_, and _Assa Foetida_  ["Faetida"]
+  and skilfully argue and dispute its Excellency, _&c.  [, for .]
+  Warm and well lined  [_"and / and" at line-break]
+  whose _Lord Mayor_ annually appears   ["annnally"]
+  This will go a 120 _Changes_, and by making _Bobs_, 240, 360, 720.
+    [_text has "270" for 720_]
+  for the Use _Bells_ in Sacred Offices
+    [_text unchanged: "the Use of Bells"?_]
+  _Colledge Triples_ ... 2415367  [2415357]
+  and 4, 8 for the _Fourth_  ["for for"]
+  Thus much shall suffice for my treating of Ringing  ["Riging"]
+  _i. e._ not striking your Ball cleanly  ["i,e,"]
+  The great Point of Succession, in _Folio_.  [, for .]
+
+Invisible letters:
+
+"Invisible" means that the letter does not appear, but there is an
+appropriately sized blank space.
+
+  _Names_, _Degrees_, _Ages_, and _Seasons_  [_a of "Seasons"_]
+  and the _Lim'd_ straws, lapping under their Wings  [_d of "Lim'd"_]
+  seek _where to find_ that he prepared for  [_w of "where"_]
+  The _greatest Eels_ lurk under Stones  [_g of "greatest"_]
+  At the opening of _Mill-dams_ or _Sluces_  [_l of "Sluces"_]
+  lest you make his Limbs sore  [_e of "lest"_]
+  the general Method of the whole Peal  [_second e of "general"_]
+
+Period (full stop) missing or invisible:
+
+  _Madness._ Lastly, If your Hound be Mad
+  Rub him with a _Brush_ of _Bristles_ over again.
+  Chaffinches_, _Goldfinches_, _Yellow-Hammers_, &c.
+  with _Gray_, or _White Feathers_.
+  render a Practitioner _Excellent_.
+  _Secondly_, Learn to apprehend the Places of the _Notes_.
+
+Missing words or letters supplied from 1696 edition, with supplements
+shown in {braces}; full lines as printed:
+
+  Thus much for their Names, Degrees{,}
+  and Ages: Now let us next obser{ve}
+  their _proper Seasons_ for Hunting.
+    The _Hart_ or _Buck_, beginneth _fift{een}_
+  Days after _Mid-Summer-Day_, and l{ast-}
+  eth till _Holy-Rood-Day_.
+    The _Fox_, from _Christmass_, and l{ast-}
+  eth till the _Annunciation of the bless{ed}
+  Virgin Mary_.
+
+  self all over, but his Nose, keeping the
+  middle, least by touching any Boughe{s}
+  he leave a Scent for the Hounds; And {by}
+  his Crossings and Doublings he will e{n-}
+  deavour to baffle his Pursuers: In th{ese}
+  Cases have regard to your _Old Hou{nds_,}
+  as I said before. When he is _Imbost_ {or}
+  weary, may be known thus: By {his}
+  Creeping into holes, and often lying
+
+  {N}ow for the _Place_ where to find her,
+  {you} must examine and observe the Sea-
+  {sons} of the Year; for in Summer or
+  {Spring} time, you shall find them in
+  {Corn-}fields and open places, not sitting
+  {in Bushes}, for fear of Snakes, Adders,
+  {_&c._} In _Winter_ they love Tuffs of
+  {Tho}rns and Brambles, near Houses:
+  {In} these places you must regard the _Old-
+  ness_ or _Newness_ of her _Forme_ or Seat,
+
+  rected: In any _Cross-Peal_ {the _Whole}
+  Hunt_ may move either up or down at
+
+  _Peal{e}s_, as indeed needless; {and my}
+
+  And thus with little Variatio{n, there}
+
+Missing letters stuck to following page:
+
+  them together to inge{n}der in _January_,
+  _February_, or _March_, as {the} properest
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The School of Recreation (1684 edition), by
+Robert Howlett
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