diff options
Diffstat (limited to '22639-8.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 22639-8.txt | 2218 |
1 files changed, 2218 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/22639-8.txt b/22639-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7470ee5 --- /dev/null +++ b/22639-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2218 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 68, February 15, +1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 68, February 15, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: September 16, 2007 [EBook #22639] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{113} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 68.] +SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 15. 1851. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + + NOTES:-- Page + Defence of the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots, by + J. Payne Collier 113 + "De Navorscher," by Bolton Corney 114 + A Bidding at Weddings in Wales, by W. Spurrell 114 + Coleridge's "Religious Musings" 115 + Folk Lore:--Lammer Beads--Engraved Warming-pans--Queen + Elizabeth's Christening Cloth 115 + Minor Notes:--The Breeches Bible--Origin of the + present Race of English--True Blue--"By Hook or + by Crook"--Record of Existing Monuments 115 + + QUERIES:-- + Five Queries and Notes on Books, Men, and Authors 117 + Minor Queries:--The Witches' Prayer--Water-buckets + given to Sheriffs--A Cracow Pike--Meaning + of Waste-book--Machell's MS. Collections for + Westmoreland and Cumberland--Decking Churches at + Christmas--Coinage of Germany--Titles of Peers + who are Bishops--At Sixes and Sevens--Shaking + Hands--George Steevens--Extradition--Singing of + Metrical Psalms and Hymns in Churches--Ormonde + Portraits--Tradescant--Arthur's Seat and Salisbury + Craigs--Lincoln Missal 118 + + REPLIES:-- + Meaning of Eisell, by Samuel Hickson and S. W. Singer 119 + Descent of Henry IV. 120 + Fossil Elk of Ireland 121 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Coverdale Bible--Epitaph-- + Probabilism--Old Hewson the Cobbler--Rodolph + Gualter--Burning the Hill--"Fronte capillata," &c.--Time + when Herodotus wrote--Herstmonceux Castle--Camden + and Curwen Families--Joan Sanderson, or the Cushion + Dance--North Sides of Churchyards--"Antiquitas + Sæculi Juventus Mundi"--Umbrella--Form + of Prayer at the Healing 122 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 126 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 127 + Notices to Correspondents 127 + Advertisements 127 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +DEFENCE OF THE EXECUTION OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. + +Allow me to supply a deficiency in my last volume of _Extracts from the +Registers of the Stationers' Company_, printed by the Shakspeare Society. +It occurs at p. 224., in reference to an entry of 11th Feb., 1587, in the +following terms: + + "John Wyndett. Lycensed alsoe to him, under the B. of London hand and + Mr. Denham, An Analogie or Resemblance betweene Johane, Queene of + Naples, and Marye, Queene of Scotland." + +In the note appended to this entry I point out a mistake by Herbert (ii. +1126. of his _History of Printing_), who fancied that the _Defence of the +Execution of Mary Queen of Scots_, and Kyffin's _Blessedness of Britain_, +were the same work; and I add that "the _Analogy_ here entered is not +recorded among the productions of John Windet's press." This is true; but +Mr. David Laing, of Edinburgh, has kindly taken the trouble to send me, all +the way from Scotland, a very rare volume, which proves that the _Analogy_ +in question was printed by Windet in consequence of the registration, and +that it was, in fact, part of a volume which that printer put forth under +the following title: + + "A Defence of the Honorable Sentence of Execution of the Queene of + Scots: exampled with Analogies, and Diverse Presidents of Emperors, + Kings, and Popes. With the Opinions of learned Men in the Point, &c.; + together with the Answere to certaine Objections made by the favourites + of the late Scottish Queene, &c. At London, printed by John Windet." + +It has no date: but it may be supplied by the entry at Stationer's Hall, +and by the subject of the volume. The first chapter of the work is headed +"An Analogie or Resemblance betweene Ione, queene of Naples, and Marie, +queene of Scotland," which are the terms of the entry; and the probability +seems to be, that when Windet took, or sent, it to be licensed, the book +had no other title, and that the clerk adopted the heading of the first +chapter as that of the whole volume. It consists, in fact, of eight +chapters, besides a "conclusion," and a sort of supplement, with distinct +signatures (beginning with D, and possibly originally forming part of some +other work), of Babington's letter to Mary, her letter to Babington, the +heads of a letter from Mary to Bernardin Mendoza, and "points" out of other +letters, subscribed by Curle. The whole is a very interesting collection in +relation to the history and end of Mary Queen of Scots; but nobody who had +not seen the book could be aware that the entry in the Stationers' +Registers, of "_An Analogie_," &c., applied to this general _Defence_ of +her execution. The manner in which the "analogy" is made out may be seen by +the two first paragraphs, which your readers may like to see quoted:-- + + "Ione, Queene of Naples, being in love with the Duke of Tarent, caused + her husband Andrasius (or, as {114} some terme him, Andreas), King of + Naples (whom she little favoured), to be strangled, in the yeare of our + Lord God 1348." + + "Marie, Queene of Scotland, being (as appeareth by the Chronicles of + Scotlande and hir owne letters) in love with the Earle of Bothwell, + caused hir husband, Henrie Lorde Darley, King of Scotland (whome she + made small account of long time before) to be strangled, and the house + where he lodged, called Kirk of Fielde, to be blowen up with gunpowder, + the 10th of Februarie in the yeare of our Lord God 1567." + +In this way the analogy is pursued through twelve pages; but, for my +present purpose, it is not necessary to extract more of it. I beg leave +publicly to express my thanks to Mr. Laing for thus enabling me to furnish +information which I should have been glad to supply, had it been in my +power, when I prepared volume ii. of _Extracts from the Stationers' +Registers_. + +J. PAYNE COLLIER. + + * * * * * + +DE NAVORSCHER. + +An idea recorded in 1841, is to be realized in 1851--which promises, in +various ways, to be the _annus mirabilis_! + +In an appeal to residents at Paris for a transcript of certain inedited +notes on Jean Paul Marana, which are preserved in the _bibliothèque +royale_, I made this remark:-- + + "If men of letters, of whatever nation, were more disposed to + interchange commodities in such a manner, the beneficial effects of it + in promoting mutual riches, would soon become visible."--_Gent. Mag._ + XV. 270. N. S. + +The appeal was unsuccessful, and I could not but ascribe the failure of it +to the want of a convenient channel of communication. A remedy is now +provided--thanks to the example set at home, and the enterprising spirit of +Mr. Frederik Muller of Amsterdam. + +We contemplate Holland as the school of classical and oriental literature, +and as the _studio_ of painters and engravers; we admire her delicate +Elzevirs and her magnificent folios; we commend her for the establishment +of public libraries, _made available by printed catalogues_; we do justice +to the discoveries of her early navigators; but we had scarcely heard of +her vernacular literature before the publications of Bosworth, and Bowring. + +As M. Van Kampen observes, "La litérature hollandaise est presque inconnue +aux étrangers à cause de la langue peu répandue qui lui sert d'organe." +Under such circumstances it may be presumed that many a query will now be +made, and many a new fact elicited. We may expect, by the means of _De +Navorscher_, the further gratification of rational curiosity, and the +improvement of historical and bibliographic literature. + +In assuming that some slight credit may be due to one who gives public +expression to a novel and plausible idea, it may become me to declare that +I renounce all claim to the substantial merit of having devised the means +of carrying it into effect. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + + * * * * * + +A BIDDING AT WEDDINGS IN WALES. + +The practice of "making a bidding" and sending "bidding letters," of which +the following is a specimen, is so general in most parts of Wales, that +printers usually keep the form in type, and make alteration in it as +occasion requires. The custom is confined to servants and mechanics in +towns; but in the country, farmers of the humbler sort make biddings. Of +late years tea parties have in Carmarthen been substituted for the bidding; +but persons attending pay for what they get, and so incur no obligation; +but givers at a bidding are expected and generally do return "all gifts of +the above nature whenever called for on a similar occasion." When a bidding +is made, it is usual for a large procession to accompany the young couple +to church, and thence to the house where the bidding is held. Accompanying +is considered an addition to the obligation conferred by the gift. I have +seen, I dare say, six hundred persons in a wedding procession, and have +been in one or two myself (when a child). The men walk together and the +women together to church; but in returning they walk in pairs, or often in +trios, one man between two women. The last time I was at such a wedding I +had three strapping wenches attached to my person. In the country they +ride, and generally there is a desperate race home to the bidding, where +you would be surprised to see a comely lass, with Welsh hat on head and +ordinary dress, often take the lead of fifty or a hundred smart fellows +over rough roads that would shake your Astley riders out of their seats and +propriety. + + "Carmarthen, October 2. 1850. + + "As we intend to enter the Matrimonial State, on Tuesday, the 22nd of + October instant, we are encouraged by our Friends to make a Bidding on + the occasion the same day, at the New Market House, near the Market + Place; when and where the favour of your good and agreeable company is + respectfully solicited, and whatever donation you may be pleased to + confer on us then, will be thankfully received, warmly acknowledged, + and cheerfully repaid whenever called for on a similar occasion, + + By your most obedient Servants, HENRY JONES, (Shoemaker,) ELIZA DAVIES. + + "The Young Man, his Father (John Jones, Shoemaker), his Sister (Mary + Jones), his Grandmother (Nurse Jones), his Uncle and Aunt (George + Jones, {115} Painter, and Mary, his wife), and his Aunt (Elizabeth + Rees), desire that all gifts due to them be returned to the Young Man + on the above day, and will be thankful for all additional favours. + + "The Young Woman, her Father and Mother (Evan Davies, Pig-drover, and + Margaret, his wife), and her Brother and Sisters (John, Hannah, Jane, + and Anne Davies), desire that all gifts of the above nature due to them + be returned to the Young Woman on the above day, and will be thankful + for all additional favours conferred." + +W. SPURRELL. + + * * * * * + +COLERIDGE'S "RELIGIOUS MUSINGS." + +Some readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" may be interested in a reading of a few +lines in this poem which varies from that given in Pickering's edition of +the _Poems_, 1844. In that edition the verses I refer to stand thus (p. +69): + + "For in his own, and in his Father's might, + The Saviour comes! While as the Thousand Years + Lead up their mystic dance, the Desert shouts! + Old Ocean claps his hands! The mighty Dead + Rise to new life, whoe'er from earliest time + With conscious zeal had urged Love's wondrous plan, + Coadjutors of God." + +I happen to be in possession of these lines as originally written, in +Coleridge's own hand, on a detached piece of paper. It will be seen that +they have been much altered in the printed edition above cited. I am now +copying from Coleridge's autograph: + + "For in his own, and in his Father's Might, + Heaven blazing in his train, the SAVIOUR comes! + To solemn symphonies of Truth and Love + The THOUSAND YEARS lead up their mystic dance. + Old Ocean claps his hands, the Desert shouts, + And vernal Breezes wafting seraph sounds + Melt the primæval North. The Mighty Dead + Rise from their tombs, whoe'e[r] from earliest time + With conscious zeal had aided the vast plan + Of Love Almighty." + +The variations of the printed poem from this MS. fragment appear to me of +sufficient importance to warrant my supposition that many readers and +admirers of Coleridge may be glad to have the original text restored. + +H. G. T. + +Launceston. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Lammer Beads_--Lammer, or Lama beads are so called from an order of +priests of that name among the western Tartars. The Lamas are extremely +superstitious, and pretend to magic. Amber was in high repute as a charm +during the plague of London, and was worn by prelates of the Church. John +Baptist Van Helmont (_Ternary of Paradoxes_, London, 1650) says, that + + "A translucid piece of amber rubbed on the jugular artery, on the hand + wrists, near the instep, and on the throne of the heart, and then hung + about the neck," + +was a most certain preventative of (if not a cure for) the plague; the +profound success of which Van Helmont attributes to its magnetic or +sympathetic virtue. + +BLOWEN. + + * * * * * + +_Engraved Warming-pans_.--Allow me to add another illustration to the list +furnished by H. G. T., p. 84. One which I purchased a few years ago of a +cottager at Shotover, in Oxfordshire, has the royal arms surmounted by +C. R., and surrounded by + + "FEARE GOD HONNOR Y^E KING, 1662." + +The lid and pan are of brass, the handle of iron. + +E. B. PRICE. + + * * * * * + +_Queen Elizabeth's Christening Cloth_.--The mention (in the first No. of +your 3rd Vol.) of some damasked linen which belonged to James II. reminds +me of a relic which I possess, and the description of which may interest +some of your readers. + +It is the half of Queen Elizabeth's christening cloth, which came into my +possession through a Mrs. Goodwin. A scrap of paper which accompanies it +gives the following account of it: + + "It was given by an old lady to Mrs. Goodwin; she obtained it from one + of the Strafford family, who was an attendant upon the Queen. The other + half Mrs. Goodwin has seen at High Fernby, in Yorkshire, a place + belonging to the family of the Rooks, in high preservation. In its + original state, it was lined with a rose-coloured lutestring, with a + flounce of the same about a quarter deep. The old lady being very + notable, found some use for the silk, and used to cover the china which + stood in the best parlour with this remains of antiquity." + +The christening cloth is of a thread net, worked in with blue and yellow +silk, and gold cord. It must have been once very handsome, but is now +somewhat the worse for wear and time. It is about 2½ feet wide and 3½ feet +in length, so that the entire length must have been about 7 feet. + +Can any one inform me whether the remaining half of this interesting relic +STILL exists; as the notice attached to it, and mentioning its locality, +must now be fifty years old at least? + +H. A. B. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_The Breeches Bible_.--The able and interesting article on the Breeches +Bible which appeared in a late number of "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. iii., p. +17.) is calculated to remove the deep-rooted popular error which affixes +great pecuniary value to {116} every edition of the Bible in which the +words "made themselves breeches" are to be found, by showing that such +Bibles are generally only worth about as many shillings as they are +supposed to be worth pounds. It is worth noting, with reference to this +translation, that in the valuable early English version, known as +Wickliffe's Bible, just published by the university of Oxford, the passage +in Genesis (cap. iii. v. 7.) is translated "thei soweden togidre leeues of +a fige tree and maden hem brechis." + +EFFESSA. + +_Origin of the present Race of English._--In Southey's _Letters of +Espriella_ (Letter xxiv., p. 274., 3rd edit.), there is a remark, that the +dark hair of the English people, as compared with the Northern Germans, +seems to indicate a considerable admixture of southern blood. Now, in all +modern ethnological works, this fact of present complexion seems to be +entirely overlooked. But it is a fact, and deserves attention. Either it is +the effect of climate, in which case the moral as well as the physical man +must have altered from the original stock, or it arises from there being +more "ungerman" blood flowing in English veins than is acknowledged. May I +hazard a few conjectures? + +1. Are we not apt to underrate the number of Romanised Celts remaining in +England after the Saxon Conquest? The victors would surely enslave a vast +multitude, and marry many Celtic women; while those who fled at the first +danger would gradually return to their old haunts. Under such +circumstances, that the language should have been changed is no wonder. + +2. Long before the Norman Conquest there was a great intercourse between +England and France, and many settlers from the latter country came over +here. This, by the way, may account for that gradual change of the +Anglo-Saxon language mentioned as observable prior to the Conquest. + +3. The army of the Conqueror was recruited from all parts of France, and +was not simply Norman. When the men who composed it came into possession of +this country, they clearly must have sent home for their wives and +families; and many who took no part in the invasion no doubt came to share +the spoils. Taking this into account, we shall find the Norman part of the +population to have borne no small proportion to the _then_ inhabitants of +England. It is important to bear in mind the probable increase of +population since 1066 A.D. + +TERRA MARTIS. + +_True Blue._--I find the following account of this phrase in my note-book, +but I cannot at present say whence I obtained it:-- + + "The first assumption of the phrase 'true blue' was by the Covenanters + in opposition to the scarlet badge of Charles I., and hence it was + taken by the troops of Leslie in 1639. The adoption of the colour was + one of those religious pedantries in which the Covenanters affected a + Pharisaical observance of the scriptural letter and the usages of the + Hebrews; and thus, as they named their children Habakkuk and + Zerubbabel, and their chapels Zion and Ebenezer, they decorated their + persons with blue ribbons because the following sumptuary precept was + given in the law of Moses:-- + + "'Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them to make to themselves + fringes on the borders of their garments, putting in them ribbons of + blue.'"--_Numb._ xv. 38. + +E. L. N. + +"_By Hook or by Crook._"--The destruction caused by the Fire of London, +A.D. 1666, during which some 13,200 houses, &c., were burnt down, in very +many cases obliterated all the boundary-marks requisite to determine the +extent of land, and even the very sites occupied by buildings, previously +to this terrible visitation. When the rubbish was removed, and the land +cleared, the disputes and entangled claims of those whose houses had been +destroyed, both as to the position and extent of their property, promised +not only interminable occupation to the courts of law, but made the far +more serious evil of delaying the rebuilding of the city, until these +disputes were settled, inevitable. Impelled by the necessity of coming to a +more speedy settlement of their respective claims than could be hoped for +from legal process, it was determined that the claims and interests of all +persons concerned should be referred to the judgment and decision of two of +the most experienced land-surveyors of that day,--men who had been +thoroughly acquainted with London previously to the fire; and in order to +escape from the numerous and vast evils which mere delay must occasion, +that the decision of these two arbitrators should be final and binding. The +surveyors appointed to determine the rights of the various claimants were +Mr. Hook and Mr. Crook, who by the justice of their decisions gave general +satisfaction to the interested parties, and by their speedy determination +of the different claims, permitted the rebuilding of the city to proceed +without the least delay. Hence arose the saying above quoted, usually +applied to the extrication of persons or things from a difficulty. The +above anecdote was told the other evening by an old citizen upwards of +eighty, by no means of an imaginative temperament. + +J. D. S. + +Putney, Feb. 1. 1851. + + [We insert the above, as one of the many explanations which have been + given of this very popular phrase--although we believe the correct + origin to be the right of taking _fire-bote by hook or by crook_. See + NOTES AND QUERIES, Vol. i., pp. 281. and 405.] + +_Record of Existing Monuments._--I have some time since read your remarks +in Vol. iii., p. 14. of "NOTES AND QUERIES," on the Rev. J. Hewett's +_Monumentarum_ of Exeter Cathedral, and intend in {117} a short time to +follow the advice you have there given to "superabundant brass-rubbers," of +copying the inscriptions in the churches and churchyards of the hundred of +Manley. The plan I intend to pursue is, to copy in full every inscription +of an earlier date than 1750; also, all more modern ones which are in any +way remarkable as relating to distinguished persons, or containing any +peculiarity worthy of note. The rest I shall reduce into a tabular form. + +The inscriptions of each church I shall arrange chronologically, and form +an alphabetical index to each inscription in the hundred. + +By this means I flatter myself a great mass of valuable matter may be +accumulated, a transcript of which may not be entirely unworthy of a place +on the shelves of the British Museum. + +I have taken the liberty of informing you of my intention, and beg that if +you can suggest to me any plan which is better calculated for the purpose +than the one I have described, you will do so. + +Would it not be possible, if a few persons in each county were to begin to +copy the inscriptions on the plan that I have described, that in process of +time a copy of every inscription in every church in England might be ready +for reference in our national library? + +Perhaps you will have the goodness, if you know of any one who like myself +is about to undertake the task of copying inscriptions in his own +neighbourhood, to inform me, that I may communicate with him, so that, if +possible, our plans may be in unison. + +EDW. PEACOCK, JUN. + +Bottesford Moors, Messingham, Kirton Lindsey. + + [We trust the example set by Mr. Hewett, and now about to be followed + by our correspondent, is destined to find many imitators.] + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +FIVE QUERIES AND NOTES ON BOOKS, MEN, AND AUTHORS. + +1. _Newburgh Hamilton_.--Can any of your readers inform me who Newburgh +Hamilton was? He wrote two pieces in my library, viz. (1.) _Petticoat +Plotter_, a farce in two acts; acted at Drury Lane and Lincoln's Inn +Fields, London, 1720, 12mo. This has been mutilated by Henry Ward, a York +comedian, and actually printed by him as his _own_ production, in the +collection of plays and poems going under his name, published in 1745, +8vo., a copy of which I purchased at Nassau's sale, many years since. (2.) +_The Doating Lovers, or the Libertine Tamed_, a comedy in five acts; acted +in Lincoln's Inn Fields. It is dedicated to the Duchess of Hamilton and +Brandon, whose "elegant taste and nice judgment in the most polite +entertainments of the age," as well as her "piercing wit," are eulogised. +Accident gave me a copy of Mr. Hamilton's book-plate, which consists of the +crest and motto of the ducal race of Hamilton in a very curious +framework,--the top being a row of music-books, whilst the sides and bottom +are decorated with musical instruments, indicative, probably, of the tastes +of Mr. Hamilton. + +2. _The Children's Petition._--I have also a very extraordinary little +book, of which I never saw another copy. It formerly belonged to Michael +Lort, and is entitled + + "The Children's Petition, or a Modest Remonstrance of that Intolerable + Grievance our Youth lie under, in the accustomed Severities of the + School Discipline of this Nation. Humbly presented to the Consideration + of the Parliament. Licensed Nov. 10. 1669, by Roger L'Estrange. London, + 1669. 18mo." + +The object of this most singular production is to put down the flagellation +of boys in that particular part of the body wherein honour is said to be +placed; and the arguments adduced are not very easily answered. The author, +whoever he was, had reason, as well as learning, on his side. I am not +aware of any other copy north the Tweed; but there may be copies in some of +the libraries south of that river. + +3. _Dr. Anthony Horneck._--Do any of the letters of the once celebrated Dr. +Anthony Horneck exist in any library, public or private? His only daughter +married Mr. Barneveldt; and his son, who served with Marlborough, left +issue, which failed in the male line, but still exists in the female line, +in the representative of Henry William Bunting, Esq., the caricaturist. The +writer of these Queries is the direct descendant of Mrs. Barneveldt, and is +anxious to know whether any unpublished MSS. of his ancestors still exist. +There was a Philip Horneck who in 1709 published an ode inscribed to his +excellency the Earl of Wharton, wherein he is described as LL.B., a copy of +which I have. There can be no doubt he is the individual introduced by Pope +in the _Dunciad_, book iii. line 152.; but what I wish to know is, whether +he was a son of Dr. Horneck, and a brother of the general. + +4. In Clifford's _History of the Paul of Tixall_, the name of the real +author of _Gaudentio di Lucca_ is given. Every reliance may be attached to +the accuracy of the information there given, not only on account of the +undoubted respectability of the author, but from the evident means of +knowledge which he, as a Roman Catholic of distinction, must have had. + +5. _The Travels of Baron Munchausen_ were written to ridicule Bruce, the +Abyssinian traveller, whose adventures were at the time deemed fictitious. +Bruce was a most upright, honest man, and recorded nothing but what he had +seen; nevertheless, as is always the case, a host of detractors buzzed +about him, and he was so much vexed at the impeachment of his veracity, +that he let them get their own way. Munchausen, a veritable {118} name--the +real possessor of which died in October, 1817--was assumed, and poor Bruce +was travestied very cleverly, but most unjustly. The real author has not +been ascertained; but at one time it was believed to have been James +Grahame, afterwards a Scotch barrister, and author of a poem of much +beauty, called _The Sabbath_. Circumstances which came to my knowledge, +coupled with the exceedingly loveable character of Grahame, render this +belief now incredible; but undoubtedly he knew who the real author was. The +copy in my library is in two volumes: the _first_, said to be the second +edition, "considerably enlarged, and ornamented with twenty explanatory +engravings from original designs," is entitled _Gulliver Revived: or the +Vice of Lying properly exposed_, and was printed for the Kearsleys, at +London, 1793. The _second_ volume is called _A Sequel to the Adventures of +Baron Munchausen_, and is described as "a new edition, with twenty capital +copperplates, including the Baron's portrait; humbly dedicated to Mr. +Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller," was published by H. D. Symonds, +Paternoster Row, 1796. I had for years sought for an original copy of this +very singular work, and I at last was so successful as to purchase the one +above described, which had been picked up by a bookseller at the sale of +some books originally forming part of the library at Hoddam Castle. + +On looking over a copy of Sir John Mandeville, + + "Printed for J. Osborne, near Dockhead, Southwark; and James Hodges, at + the Looking Glass, on London Bridge:" + +I observe he gives--at least there--no account whatever of his +peregrinations to the polar regions; and the notion of ascribing to him the +story of the frozen words is preposterous. I have not in my library, but +have read, the best edition of Sir John's _Travels_ (I don't mean the +abominable reprint), but I do not remember anything of the kind there. +Indeed Sir John, like Marco Polo, was perfectly honest, though some of +their informants may not have been so. + +J. ME. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_The Witches' Prayer._--Can you inform me where I can find the epigram +alluded to by Addison, in No. 61. of the _Spectator_, as "The Witches' +Prayer," which falls into verse either way, only that it reads "cursing" +one way, and "blessing" the other? Or is the epigram only a creation of the +pleasing author's fertile imagination? + +DOUBTFUL. + +St. John's Wood. + +_Water-buckets given to Sheriffs._--Can any of your readers inform me the +origin of the delivery of water-buckets, glazed and painted with the city +arms, given to the sheriffs of London and Middlesex at the expiration of +the year of their shrievalty? + +J. B. K. + +Temple. + +_A Cracow Pike._--Can any of your readers tell me what _a Cracow pike_ is? +I have searched Meyrick's works on _Ancient Armour_ without finding any +notice of such a weapon; but as those works have no indexes one cannot be +certain that there may not be some mention of it. I shall be obliged by a +description of the Cracow pike, or a reference to any authorities +mentioning it, or its use. + +I. H. T. + +_Meaning of Waste Book._--Can you or any of your readers inform me the +origin of the term used in book-keeping, viz., _"Waste" book_? + +I am the book-keeper and cashier in an extensive firm, and I know there is +very little _wasted_ that goes into our books bearing that name. + +ONE WHO OFTEN RUNS FOR THE GREAT LEDGER. + +_Machell's MS. Collections for Westmoreland and Cumberland._--In the +library of the dean and chapter at Carlisle, are preserved six volumes in +folio, which purport to be _Collections for the History of Westmoreland and +Cumberland, made in the Reign of Charles II., by the Reverend Thomas +Machell_. Have these collections been carefully examined, and their +contents made use of in any topographical publication? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Decking Churches at Christmas._--Does the custom of dressing the churches +at Christmas with holly, and other evergreens, prevail in any country +besides England? + +L. + +_Coinage of Germany._--I should wish to be referred to the names of the +principal works on the coinage of Germany; not merely the imperial, but +that of sovereign prelates, abbeys, &c., that struck money. + +A. N. + +_Titles of Peers who are Bishops_ (Vol. iii., p. 23.).--Why is Lord Crewe +always called so, and not Bishop of Durham, considering his spiritual +precedency? Was not Lord Bristol (who was an Earl) always called Bishop of +Derry? + +Cx. + +_At Sixes and Sevens._--Shakspeare uses the well-known adage--"at sixes and +sevens;" Bacon, Hudibras, Arbuthnot, Swift, all use the proverb. Why should +sixes and sevens be more congruous with disorder than "twos and threes?" +and whence comes the saying? + +D. C. + +_Shaking Hands._--What is the origin of the custom of _shaking hands_ in +token of friendship? And were the _clasped hands_ (now the common symbol of +Benefit Clubs) ever used as a signet, prior to their adoption as such by +the early Christians in their wedding rings; or, did these rings {119} bear +any other motto, or posy, than "Fides annulus castus" (i. e. _simplex et +sine gemmâ_)? + +J. SANSOM. + +_George Steevens._--Can any of your readers inform me whether a memoir of +George Steevens, the Shakspearian commentator, ever was published? Of +course I have seen the biographical sketch in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, +the paragraph in Nichols' _Anecdotes_, and many like incidental notices. +Steevens, who died in January, 1800, left the bulk of his property to his +cousin, Miss Elizabeth Steevens, of Poplar; and as there is no reservation +nor special bequest in the will, I presume she took possession of his books +and manuscripts. The books were sold by auction; but what has become of the +manuscripts? + +A. Z. + +_Extradition._--The discussion which was occasioned, some time ago, by the +sudden transference of the word _extradition_ into our diplomatic +phraseology, must be still in the recollection of your readers. Some were +opposed to this change on the ground that _extradition_ is not English; +others justified its adoption, for the very reason that we have no +corresponding term for it; and one gentleman resolved the question by +urging that, "si le mot n'est pas Anglais, il mérite de l'être." I believe +there is no reference in "NOTES AND QUERIES" to this controversy; nor do I +now refer to it with any intention of reviving discussion on a point which +seems to have been set at rest by the acquiescence of public opinion. I +wish merely to put one or two Queries, which have been suggested to me by +the _fact_ that _extradition_ is now generally employed as an English word. + +1. Is there any contingency in which the meaning of the word _extradition_ +may not be sufficiently expressed by the verb _to deliver up_, or the +substantive _restitution_? + +2. If so, how has its place been supplied heretofore in our diplomatic +correspondence? + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia, Dec. 1850. + +_Singing of Metrical Psalms and Hymns in Churches._--1. When and how did +the custom of singing metrical psalms and hymns in churches originate? 2. +By what authority was it sanctioned? 3. At what parts of the service were +these psalms and hymns directed to be introduced? 4. Was this custom +contemplated by the compilers of the Book of Common Prayer? + +ARUN. + +_Ormonde Portraits._--I shall feel much obliged by information on the +following points:-- + +1. Whether _any_ portrait of Thomas Earl of Ormonde has been published? He +died in the year 1614. + +2. _How many_ engraved portraits of Thomas, the famous Lord Ossory, have +been issued? their dates, and the engravers' names. + +3. _How many_ engraved portraits of the first and second Dukes of Ormonde, +respectively, have appeared? their dates, and engravers' names. + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny, Jan. 31. 1851. + +_Tradescant._--In the inscription on the tomb of the Tradescants in Lambeth +churchyard, which it is proposed to restore as soon as possible, these two +lines occur: + + "These famous antiquarians, that had been + Both gardeners to the Rose and Lily queen." + +Can any of your readers inform me _when_ the elder Tradescant came over to +England, and when he was appointed royal gardener? Was it not in the reign +of Elizabeth? + +J. C. B. + +Lambeth. + +_Arthur's Seat and Salisbury Craigs._--L. M. M. R. is very anxious to be +informed as to the origin of the name of Arthur's Seat and Salisbury +Craigs, the well-known hill and rocks close to Edinburgh. + +_Lincoln Missal._--Is a manuscript of the missal, according to the use of +the church of Lincoln, known to exist? and, if so, where may it be seen? + +EDWARD PEACOCK, JUN. + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +MEANING OF EISELL. + +(Vol. iii., p. 66.) + +I must beg a very small portion of your space to reply to your +correspondent H. K. S. C., who criticises so pleasantly my remarks on the +meaning of "eisell." The question is: Does the meaning MR. SINGER attaches +to this word require in the passage cited the expression of quantity to +make it definite? I am disposed to think that a definite quantity may be +sometimes understood, in a well-defined act, although it be _not_ +expressed. On the other hand, your correspondent should know that English +idiom requires that the name of a river should be preceded by the definite +article, unless it be personified; and that whenever it is used without the +article, it is represented by the personal pronoun _he_. Though a man were +able "to drink _the Thames_ dry," he could no more "drink up _Thames_" than +he could drink up _Neptune_, or the sea-serpent, or do any other impossible +feat. + +I observed before, that "the notion of drinking up a river would be both +unmeaning and out of place." I said this, with the conviction that there +was a purpose in everything that Shakspeare wrote; and being still of this +persuasion, allow me to protest against the terms "mere verbiage" and +"extravagant rant," which your correspondent applies to the passage in +question. The poet does not present common things as they appear to all +men. Shakspeare's art was equally great, {120} whether he spoke with the +tongues of madmen or philosophers. H. K. S. C. cannot conceive why each +feat of daring should be a tame possibility, save only the last; but I say +that they are _all_ possible; that it was a daring to do not impossible but +extravagant feats. As far as quantity is concerned, to eat a crocodile +would be more than to eat an ox. Crocodile may be a very delicate meat, for +anything I know to the contrary; but I must confess it appears to me to be +introduced as something loathsome or repulsive, and (on the poet's part) to +cap the absurdity of the preceding feat. The use made by other writers of a +passage is one of the most valuable kinds of comment. In a burlesque some +years ago, I recollect a passage was brought to a climax with the very +words, "Wilt eat a crocodile?" The immediate and natural response +was--_not_ "the thing's impossible!" but--"you nasty beast!" What a descent +then from the drinking up of a river to a merely disagreeable repast. In +the one case the object is clear and intelligible, and the last feat is +suggested by the not so difficult but little less extravagant preceding +one; in the other, each is unmeaning (in reference to the speaker), +unsuggested, and, unconnected with the other; and, regarding the order an +artist would observe, out of place. + +SAMUEL HICKSON. + +St. John's Wood, Jan. 27. 1851. + +P.S. In replying to Mr. G. STEPHENS, in reference to the meaning of a +passage in the _Tempest_, I expressed a wish that he would give the meaning +of what he called a "common ellipsis" "stated _at full_." This stands in +your columns (Vol. ii., p. 499.) "at first," in which expression I am +afraid he would be puzzled to find any meaning. + + * * * * * + +I might safely leave H. K. S. C. to the same gentle correction bestowed +upon a neighbour of his at Brixton some time since, by MR. HICKSON, but I +must not allow him to support his dogmatic and flippant hypercriticism by +falsehood and unfounded insinuation, and I therefore beg leave to assure +him that I have no claim to the enviable distinction of being designated as +the friend of MR. HICKSON, to whom I am an utter stranger, having never +seen him, and knowing nothing of that gentleman but what his very valuable +communications to your publication conveys. + +I have further to complain of the want of truth in the very first paragraph +of your correspondent's note: the question respecting the meaning of +"Eisell" does _not_ "remain substantially where Steevens and Malone left +it;" for I have at least shown that _Eisell_ meant _Wormwood_, and that +Shakspeare has elsewhere undoubtedly used it in that sense. + +Again: the remark about the fashion of extravagant feats, such as +swallowing nauseous draughts in honour of a mistress, was quite uncalled +for. Your correspondent would insinuate that I attribute to Shakspeare's +time "what in reality belongs to the age of Du Guesclin and the +Troubadours." Does he mean to infer that it did not in reality equally +belong to Shakspeare's age? or that I was ignorant of its earlier +prevalence? + +The purport of such remarks is but too obvious; but he may rest assured +that they will not tend to strengthen his argument, if argument it can be +called, for I must confess I do not understand what he means by his +"definite quantity." But the phrase _drink up_ is his stalking-horse; and +as he is no doubt familiar with the _Nursery Rhymes_[1], a passage in +them-- + + "Eat up your cake, Jenny, + _Drink up_ your wine." + +may perhaps afford him further apt illustration. + +The proverb tells us "It is dangerous playing with edge tools," and so it +is with bad puns: he has shown himself an unskilful engineer in the use of +MR. HICKSON's canon, with which he was to have "blown up" MR. HICKSON's +argument and my proposition; with what success may be fairly left to the +judgment of your readers. I will, however, give him another canon, which +may be of use to him on some future occasion: "When a probable solution of +a difficulty is to be found by a parallelism in the poet's pages, it is +better to adopt it than to charge him with a blunder of our own creating." + +The allusion to "breaking Priscian's head" reminds one of the remark of a +witty friend on a similar occasion, that "there are some heads not easily +broken, but the owners of them have often the fatuity to run them against +stumbling-blocks of their own making." + +S. W. SINGER. + +[Footnote 1: _Nursery Rhymes_, edited by James Orchard Halliwell, Esq., F. +R. S., &c.] + + * * * * * + +DESCENT OF HENRY IV. + +(Vol. ii., p. 375.) + +Under the head of "Descent of Edward IV.," S. A. Y. asks for information +concerning "a popular, though probably groundless tradition," by which that +prince sought to prove his title to the throne of England. S. A. Y., or his +authority, Professor Millar, is mistaken in ascribing it to Edward IV.--it +was Henry IV. who so sought to establish his claim. + + "Upon Richard II.'s resignation ... Henry, Duke of Lancaster, having + then a large army in the kingdom ... it was impossible for any other + title to be asserted with safety, and he became king under the title of + Henry IV. He was, nevertheless, not admitted to the crown until he had + declared that he {121} claimed, not as a conqueror (which he was much + inclined to do), but as a successor descended by right line of the + blood royal.... And in order to this he set up a show of two titles: + the one upon the pretence of being the first of the blood royal of the + entire male line; whereas the Duke of Clarence (Lionel, elder brother + of John of Gaunt) left only one daughter, Philippa: the other, by + reviving an exploded rumour, first propagated by John of Gaunt, that + Edmond Earl of Lancaster (to whom Henry's mother was heiress) was in + reality the elder brother of King Edward I., though his parents, on + account of his personal deformity, had imposed him on the world for the + younger."--Blackstone's _Commentaries_, book i. ch. iii. p. 203. of + edit. 1787. + +This Edmond, Earl of Lancaster, was succeeded by his son Thomas, who in the +fifteenth year of the reign of Edward II. was attainted of high treason. In +the first of Edward III. his attainder was reversed, and his son Henry +inherited his titles, and subsequently was created Duke of Lancaster. +Blanche, daughter of Henry, first Duke of Lancaster, subsequently became +his heir, and was second wife to John of Gaunt, and mother to Henry IV. + +Edward IV.'s claim to the throne was by descent from Lionel, Duke of +Clarence, third son of Edward III., his mother being Cicely, youngest +daughter of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland. Lionel married Elizabeth +de Burgh, an Irish heiress, who died shortly after, leaving one daughter, +Philippa. As William of Hatfield, second son of Edward III., died at an +early age, without issue, according to all our ideas of hereditary +succession Philippa, only child of Edward III.'s third son, ought to have +inherited before the son of his fourth son; and Sir Edward Coke expressly +declares, that the right of the crown was in the descent from Philippa, +daughter and heir of Lionel, Duke of Clarence. Henry IV.'s right, however, +was incontestable, being based on overwhelming might. Philippa married +Edward Mortimer, Earl of March. Roger, their son, succeeded his father in +his titles, and left one daughter, Anne, who married Richard, Earl of +Cambridge, son of Edmund Langley, Duke of York, which Edmund, Duke of York, +was the fifth son of Edward III.; and thus the line of York, though a +younger branch of the royal family, took precedence, _de jure_, of the +Lancaster line. From this union sprang Richard, Duke of York, who was +killed under the walls of Sandal Castle, and who left his titles and +pretensions to Edward, afterwards the fourth king of that name. + +The above is taken from several authorities, among which are Blackstone's +_Comm._, book i. ch. iii.; and Miss Strickland's _Lives of the Queens of +England_, vols. ii. iii. iv. + +TEE BEE. + + * * * * * + +FOSSIL ELK OF IRELAND. + +(Vol. ii., p. 494.; Vol. iii., p. 26.) + +W. R. C. states that he is anxious to collect all possible information as +to this once noble animal. I would have offered the following notes and +references sooner, but that I was confident that some abler contributor to +the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES" would have brought out of his stores much +to interest your natural history readers (whose Queries I regret are so few +and far between), and at the same time elucidate some points touched upon +by W. R. C., as to the period of its becoming extinct. Perhaps he would +favour me with the particulars of "its being shot in 1553," and a +particular reference to the plate alluded to in the _Nuremberg Chronicle_, +as I have not been able to recognise in _any_ of its plates the Cervus +Megaceros, and I am disposed to question the correctness of the statement, +that the animal existed so lately as the period referred to. + +There is in the splendid collections of the Royal Dublin Society (which, +unfortunately, is not arranged as it should be, from want of proper space), +a fine _skeleton_ of this animal, the _first_ perfect one possessed by any +public body in Europe: + + "It is perfect" [I quote the admirable memoir drawn up for the Royal + Dublin Society by that able comparative anatomist Dr. John Hart, which + will amply repay a perusal by W. R. C., or any other naturalist who may + feel an interest in the subject] "in every single bone of the framework + which contributes to form a part of the general outline, the spine, the + chest, the pelvis, and the extremities are all complete in this + respect; and when surmounted by the head and _beautifully expanded + antlers_, which extend out to a distance of nearly six feet on either + side, form a splendid display of the reliques of the former grandeur of + the animal kingdom, and carries back the imagination to the period when + whole herds of this noble animal wandered at large over the face of the + country." + +Until Baron Cuvier published his account of these remains, they were +generally supposed to be the same as those of the Moose deer or elk of N. +America. (Vide _Ann. du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle_, tom. xii., and +_Ossemens Fossiles_, tom. iv.) This error seems to have originated with Dr. +Molyneux in 1697. (Vide _Phil. Trans._, vol. xix.) + +The perforated rib referred to was presented to the society by Archdeacon +Maunsell, and + + "contains an oval opening towards its lower edge, the long diameter of + which is parallel to the length of the rib, its margin is depressed on + the outer and raised on the inner surface; round which there is an + irregular effusion of callus.... In fact, such a wound as would be + produced by the head of an arrow remaining in the wound after the shaft + had broken off."--Hart's _Memoir_, p. 29. + +There are in the Museum of Trinity College, Dublin, a very complete and +interesting series of {122} antlered skulls of this animal. Should W. R. C. +or any other reader of "NOTES AND QUERIES," desire further information on +this subject, I will gladly, if in my power, afford it. + +S. P. H. T. (a M. R. D. S.) + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Coverdale Bible_ (Vol. iii., p. 54.).--Your correspondent ECHO is quite +right in declaring Mr. Granville Penn's statement, that Coverdale used +Tyndale's _New Test_. in his Bible of 1535, to be quite wrong. Mr. Penn +very probably took his statement from the Preface to D'Oyley and Mant's +Bible, as published by the Christian Knowledge Society, which contains a +very erroneous account of the earliest English versions. + +Tyndale's version of the New Testament was not incorporated in any version +of the whole Bible till the publication of what is called Matthewe's Bible +in 1537. + +For more particular statements confirmed by proofs, your correspondent may +consult Anderson's _Annals of the English Bible_, under the dates of the +respective editions, or his appendix to vol. ii., pp. viii., ix.; or Mr. +Pearson's biographical notice of Coverdale, prefixed to the Parker Soc. +edit. of his _Remains_; or the biographical notice of Tyndale, prefixed to +the Parker Soc. edit. of his Works, pp. lxxiv., lxxv.; or _Two Letters to +Bishop Marsh on the Independence of the Authorised Version_, published for +me by Hatchard in 1827 and 1828. + +HENRY WALTER. + + * * * * * + +_Epitaph_ (Vol. iii., p. 57.).--The name of the "worthie knyght" is _Sir +Thomas Gravener_, as A. B. R. might have seen in the printed Catalogue of +the Harleian MSS. Who he was, is a more difficult question to answer; but +there was a family of that name settled in Staffordshire, as appears from +MS. Harl. 1476. fol. 250. The epitaph in question (at fol. 28 b of the old +numbering, or 24 b of the new, _not_ fol. 25 b.) is inserted among several +short poems written by Sir Thomas Wyatt; and the epitaph itself has a +capital W affixed to it, as if it were also of his composition: but I do +not find it inserted in Dr. Nott's edition of his poetical works, in 1816; +nor does this MS. appear to have been consulted by Dr. Nott. And here I may +take the liberty of remarking, how desirable it is that your +correspondents, in sending any extracts from old English MSS. to the "NOTES +AND QUERIES," should adhere strictly to the original orthography, or else +modernise it altogether. A. B. R. evidently intends to retain the ancient +spelling; yet, from haste or inadvertence, he has committed no less than +forty-four _literal_ errors in transcribing this short epitaph, and three +_verbal_ ones, namely, _itt_ for _that_ (l. 11.), _Hys_ for _The_ (l. 14.), +and _or_ for _and_ (l. 17.). Another curious source of error may here be +pointed out. Nearly all the MSS. contained in the British Museum +collections are not only distinguished by a number, but have a _press-mark_ +stamped on the back, which is denoted by _Plut._ (an abbreviation of +_Pluteus_, press), with the number and shelf. Thus the Harleian MS. 78., +referred to by A. B. R., stands in _press_ (_Plut._) LXIII. _shelf_ E. In +consequence of the Cottonian collection having been originally designated +after the names of the twelve Cæsars (whose busts, together with those of +Cleopatra and Faustina, stood above the presses), it appears to have been +supposed that other classical names served as references to the remaining +portions of the manuscript department. In A. B. R.'s communication, _Plut._ +is expressed by the name of _Pluto_; in a volume of Miss Strickland's +_Lives of the Queens of Scotland_, lately published, it is metamorphosed +into _Plutus_; and the late Dr. Adam Clarke refers to some of Dr. Dee's +MSS. in the _Sloane_ (more correctly, _Cottonian_) library, under +_Plutarch_ xvi. G! (See _Catalogue_ of his MSS., 8vo., 1835, p. 62.) The +same amusing error is more formally repeated by Dr. J. F. Payen, in a +recent pamphlet, entitled _Nouveaux Documents inédits ou peu connus sur +Montaigne_, 8vo., 1850, at p. 24. of which he refers to "Bibl. Egerton, +vol. 23., _Plutarch_, f. 167.," [_Plut._ CLXVII. F.], and adds in a note: + + "On sait que dans nos bibliothèques les grandes divisions sont marquées + par les lettres de l'alphabet; _au Musée Britannique c'est par des noms + de personnages célèbres qu'on les designe_." + +[mu]. + + * * * * * + +_Probabilism_ (Vol. iii., p. 61.).--Probabilism, so far as it means the +principle of reasoning or acting upon the opinion of eminent teachers or +writers, was the principle of the Pythagoreans, whose _ipse dixit_, +speaking of their master, is proverbial; and of Aristotle, in his Topics. + +But probabilism, in its strict sense, I presume, means the doctrine so +common among the Jesuits, 200 years ago, and so well stated by Pascal, that +it is lawful to act upon an opinion expressed by a single writer of weight, +though contrary to one's own opinion, and entirely overbalanced, either in +weight or numbers, by the opinion of other writers. + +Jeremy Taylor, in his _Ductor Dubitantium_, tells us that this doctrine, +though very prevalent, was quite modern; and that the old Casuists, +according to the plain suggestions of common sense, held directly the +contrary, namely, that the less probable opinion must give way to the more +probable. + +All this may be no answer to the deeper research, perhaps, of your +enquirer,--but it may possibly be interesting to general readers, as well +as the following refined and ingenious sophism which was used in its +support:--They said that all agreed that you could not be wrong in using +the more probable, best supported, {123} opinion of the two. Now, let that +in the particular case in question be A, and the less probable B. But the +doctrine that you may lawfully take the less probable in general is the +more probable doctrine; meaning at that time the doctrine of the greater +number of authorities: therefore they said, even upon your principles it is +lawful to take B. + +C. B. + +_Old Hewson the Cobbler_ (Vol. iii., pp. 11. 73.).--The most satisfactory +account of "old Hewson" is the following, extracted from _The Loyal +Martyrology, by William Winstanley_, small 8vo. 1665, (p. 123.):-- + + "John Hewson, who, from a cobbler, rose by degrees to be a colonel, and + though a person of no parts either in body or mind, yet made by + Cromwell one of his pageant lords. He was a fellow fit for any + mischief, and capable of nothing else; a sordid lump of ignorance and + impiety, and therefore the more fit to share in Cromwell's designs, and + to act in that horrid murther of his Majesty. Upon the turn of the + times, he ran away for fear of Squire Dun [the common hangman], and (by + report) is since dead, and buried at Amsterdam." + +In the collection of songs entitled _The Rump_, 1666, may be found two +ballads relative to Hewson, viz., "A Hymne to the Gentle Craft; or Hewson's +Lamentation. To the tune of the Blind Beggar:" + + "Listen a while to what I shall say + Of a blind cobbler that's gone astray + Out of the parliament's high way, + Good people pity the blind." + +"The Cobbler's Last Will and Testament; or the Lord Hewson's translation:" + + "To Christians all, I greeting send, + That they may learn their souls to amend + By viewing, of my _cobbler's end_." + +Lord Hewson's "one eye" is a frequent subject of ridicule in the political +songs of the period. Thus in "The Bloody Bed-roll, or Treason displayed in +its Colours:" + + "Make room for one-ey'd HEWSON, + A Lord of such account, + 'Twas a pretty jest + That such a beast + Should to such honour mount." + +The song inquired for by my friend MR. CHAPELL, beginning, "My name is old +Hewson," is not contained in any of the well-known printed collections of +political songs and ballads, nor is it to be found among the broadsides +preserved in the King's Pamphlets. A full index to the latter is now before +me, so I make this statement _positively_, and to save others the trouble +of a search. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Old Hewson and Smollett's "Strap."_--Perhaps the enclosed extract from an +old newspaper of April, 1809, will throw some light upon this subject: + + "SMOLLETT'S CELEBRATED HUGH STRAP. + + "On Sunday was interred, in the burial-ground of St. + Martin's-in-the-Fields, the remains of Hugh Hewson, who died at the age + of 85. The deceased was a man of no mean celebrity. He had passed more + than forty years in the parish of St. Martin's, and kept a + hair-dresser's shop, being no less a personage than the identical _Hugh + Strap_, whom Dr. Smollett rendered so conspicuously interesting in his + life and adventures of Roderick Random. The deceased was a very + intelligent man, and took delight in recounting the scenes of his early + life. He spoke with pleasure of the time he passed in the service of + the Doctor; and it was his pride, as well as boast, to say, that he had + been educated at the same seminary with so learned and distinguished a + character. His shop was hung round with Latin quotations, and he would + frequently point out to his acquaintance the several scenes in Roderick + Random, pertaining to himself, which had their foundation, not in the + Doctor's inventive fancy, but in truth and reality. The Doctor's + meeting with him at a barber's shop at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the + subsequent mistake at the Inn, their arrival together in London, and + the assistance they experienced from _Strap's_ friend were all of that + description. The deceased, to the last, obtained a comfortable + subsistence by his industry, and of late years had been paid a weekly + salary by the inhabitants of the Adelphi, for keeping the entrances to + Villiers-walk, and securing the promenade from the intrusion of + strangers." + +JOHN FRANCIS. + +_Rodolph Gualter_ (Vol. iii., p. 8.).--From letters to and from Rodolph +Gualter (in _Zurich_, and _Original Letters, Parker Society_) little can be +gathered; thus much have I gleaned, that though mention is oftentimes made +of Scotland, yet not sufficient to identify Gualter as being a native of +that country; yet it should be observed that he dedicated his Homilies on +the Galatians to the King of Scotland, _Zurich Letters_ (second series) +cxviii., see also, cxxix., cxxx. These remarks may tend perchance to put +J. C. R. on the right track for obtaining true information. + +N. E. R. (a Subscriber.) + +_Burning the Hill_ (Vol. ii., pp. 441. 498.).--The provision for _burning +out_ a delinquent miner, contained in the Mendip mine laws, called Lord +C. J. Choke's laws, first appeared in print in 1687; at least I can find no +earlier notice of them in any _book_; but as the usages sanctioned by them +are incidentally mentioned in proceedings in the Exchequer in 21 and 22 +Elizabeth, they are no doubt of early date. Article 6. certainly has a very +sanguinary aspect; but as the thief, whose hut and tools are to be burnt, +is himself to be "_banished_ from his occupation before the miners for +ever," it cannot be intended that he should be himself burnt also. If any +instance of the exercise of a {124} custom or law so clearly illegal had +ever occurred within recent times, we should have assuredly found some +record of it in the annals of criminal justice, as the executioner would +infallibly have been hanged. The regulations are probably an attempt by +some private hand to embody the local customs of the district, so far as +regards lead mining; and they contain the substance of the usual customs +prevalent in most metallic regions, where mines have been worked _ab +antiquo_. The first report of the Dean Forest Commission, 1839, f. 12., +adverts to a similar practice among the coal and iron miners in that +forest. It seems to be an instance of the _Droit des arsins_, or right of +arson, formerly claimed and exercised to a considerable extent, and with +great solemnity, in Picardy, Flanders, and other places; but I know of no +instance in which this wild species of metallifodine justice has been +claimed to apply to anything but the culprit's local habitation and tools +of trade. I need not add that the custom, even with this limitation, would +now be treated by the courts as a vulgar error, and handed over to the +exclusive jurisdiction of the legal antiquaries and collectors of the Juris +amoenitates. + +E. SMIRKE. + +"_Fronte capillata_," &c. (vol. iii., pp. 8. 43.).--The couplet is much +older than G. A. S. seems to think. The author is Dionysius +Cato,--"Catoun," as Chaucer calls him--in his book, _Distichorum de +Moribus_, lib. ii. D. xxvi.: + + "Rem tibi quam nosces aptam, dimittere noli: + Fronte capillata, post est Occasio calva." + _Corp. Poet. Lat._, Frankfurt, 1832, p. 1195. + +The history of this Dionysius Cato is unknown; and it has been hotly +disputed whether he were a Heathen or Christian; but he is _at least_ as +old as the fourth century of the Christian era, being mentioned by +Vindicianus, chief physician in ordinary to the emperor, in a letter to +Valentinian I., A.D. 365. In the illustrations of _The Baptistery_, Parker, +Oxford, 1842, which are re-engraved from the originals in the _Via Vitæ +Eternæ_, designed by Boetius a Bolswert, the figure of "Occasion" is always +drawn with the hair hanging loose in front, according to the distich. + +E. A. D. + +_Time when Herodotus wrote_ (vol. ii., p. 405.; Vol. iii., p. 30.)--The +passage in Herodotus (i. 5.) is certainly curious, and had escaped my +notice, until pointed out by your correspondent. I am unable at present to +refer to Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology_; +but I doubt whether the reading of the poem or title, in Aristotle's +_Rhetoric_ (II. 9. § 1.), has received much attention. In my forthcoming +translation of the "Pseudo-Herodotean Life of Homer" prefixed to the +_Odysseia_ (Bohn's _Classical Library_), note 1., I have thus given it:-- + + "This is the exposition of the historical researches of Herodotus of + _Thurium_," &c. + +Now Aristotle makes no remark on the passage as being unusual, and it +therefore inclines me to think that, at the time of that philosopher and +critic, both editions were in use. + +The date of the building of Thurium is B.C. 444, and Herodotus was there at +its foundation, being then about forty years of age. Most likely he had +published a smaller edition of this book before that time, bearing the +original date from Halicarnassus, which he revised, _enlarged_, corrected, +and _partly re-wrote_ at Thurium. I think this would not be difficult to +prove; and I would add that this retouching would be found more apparent at +the beginning of the volume than elsewhere. This may be easily accounted +for by the feeling that modern as well as ancient authors have, viz., that +of laziness and inertness; revising the first 100 pages carefully, but +decreasing from that point. But to return: Later editors, I conceive, +erased the word Thurium used by Herodotus, who was piqued and vexed at his +native city, and substituted, or restored, Halicarnassus; not, however, +changing the text. + +A learned friend of mine wished for the bibliographical history of the +classics. I told him then, as I tell the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" +now, "Search for that history in the pages of the classics themselves; +extend to them the critical spirit that is applied to our own Chaucer, +Shakspeare, and Milton, and your trouble will not be in vain. The history +of any book (that is the general history of the gradual development of its +ideas) is written in its own pages." In truth, the prose classics deserve +as much attention as the poems of Homer. + +KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE. + +January 20. 1851. + +_Herstmonceux Castle_ (Vol. ii., p. 477.).--E. V. asks for an explanation +of certain entries in the Fine Rolls, A.D. 1199 and 1205, which I can, in +part, supply. The first is a fine for having seisin of the lands of the +deceased mother of the two suitors, William de Warburton and Ingelram de +Monceaux. As they claim as joint-heirs or parceners, the land must have +been subject to partibility, and therefore of socage tenure. If the land +was not in Kent, the entry is a proof that the exclusive right of +primogeniture was not then universally established, as we know it was not +in the reign of Henry II. See _Glanville_, lib. vii. cap. 3. + +The next entry records the fine paid for suing out a writ _de rationabili +parte_ against (_versus_) one of the above coheirs. The demandant is either +the same coheir named above, viz. Ingelram, altered by a clerical error +into Waleram,--such errors being of common occurrence, sometimes from +oscitancy, and sometimes because the clerk had to guess at the extended +form of a contracted name,--or he is a descendant and heir of Ingelram, +{125} claiming the share of his ancestor. I incline to adopt the former +explanation of the two here suggested. The form of writ is in the Register +of Writs, and corresponds exactly with the abridged note of it in the Fine +Roll. The "esnecia," mentioned in the last entry (not extracted by E. V.), +is the majorat or senior heir's perquisite of the capital mansion. E. V. +will pardon me for saying, that his translation of the passages is a little +deficient in exactness. As to E. V.'s query 4., does he think it worth +while to go further in search of a reason for calling the bedroom floor of +Herstmonceux Castle by the name of _Bethlem_, when the early spelling and +common and constant pronunciation of the word supply so plausible an +explanation? I myself knew, in my earliest days, a house where that +department was constantly so nicknamed. But there certainly _may_ be a more +recondite origin of the name; and something may depend on the date at which +he finds it first applied. + +E. SMIRKE. + +_Camden and Curwen Families_ (Vol. iii., p. 89.).--Camden's mother was +Elizabeth, daughter of Gyles Curwen, of Poulton Hall, in the county of +Lancaster. In the "visitation" of Lancashire made in 1613, it is stated +that this Gyles Curwen was "descended from Curwen of Workenton in co. +Cumberland;" but the descent is not given, and I presume it rests merely on +tradition. + +LLEWELLYN. + +_Joan Sanderson, or the Cushion Dance_ (Vol. ii., p. 517.).--Your +correspondent MAC asks for the "correct date" of the _Cushion Dance_. +Searching out the history and origin of an old custom or ballad is like +endeavouring to ascertain the source and flight of December's snow. I am +afraid MAC will not obtain what he now wishes for. + +The _earliest_ mention, that I have noticed, of this popular old dance +occurs in Heywood's play, _A Woman kill'd with Kindness_, 1600. Nicholas, +one of the characters, says: + + "I have, ere now, deserved a cushion: call for the _Cushion Dance_." + +The musical notes are preserved in _The English Dancing Master_, 1686; in +_The Harmonicon_, a musical journal; in Davies Gilbert's _Christmas Carols_ +(2nd edition); and in Chappell's _National English Melodies_. In the +first-named work it is called "Joan Sanderson, or the Cushion Dance, an old +Round Dance." + +In a curious collection of old songs and tunes, _Neder-Landtsche +Gedenck-clank door Adrianum Valerium_, printed at Haerlem in 1626, is +preserved a tune called "Sweet Margaret," which, upon examination, proves +to be the same as the _Cushion Dance_. This favourite dance was well known +in Holland in the early part of the seventeenth century, and an interesting +engraving of it may be seen in the _Emblems_ of John de Brunnes, printed at +Amsterdam in 1624. + +The last-named work (a copy of the edition of 1661 of which is now before +me) is exceedingly curious to the lovers of our popular sports and +pastimes. The engravings are by William Pass, C. Blon, &c., and among them +are representations of Kiss in the Ring, the game of Forfeits, rolling +Snow-balls, the Interior of a Barber's Shop, with citherns and lutes +hanging against the wall, for the use of the customers, &c. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_North Sides of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., p. 93.).--In an appendix to our +registers I find the following entry, where I conceive the _backside_ means +the northside. Though now the whole of our churchyard is so full that we +have much difficulty in finding any new ground, what we do find, however, +is on the north side. + + "1750, Oct. 23. One Mary Davies, of Pentrobin, single woman, though + excommunicated with the _Greater Excommunication_, was on this day, + _within night_, on account of some particular circumstances alleged by + neighbours of credit in her favour (as to her resolving to come and + reconcile herself, and do penance if she recovered), indulged by being + interred on the _backside_ the church, but no service or tolling + allowed." + +From this I conclude that _here_ at least there was no part of the +churchyard left unconsecrated for the burial of persons excommunicate, as +one of your correspondents suggests; or burial in such place would have +been no indulgence, as evidently it was regarded in this case. It would be +interesting to ascertain from accredited instances _how late_ this power of +excommunication has been _exercised_, and thereby how long it has really +been in abeyance. I expect the period would not be found so great as is +generally imagined. + +WALDEGRAVE BREWSTER. + +_Antiquitas Sæculi Juventus Mundi_ (Vol. ii., p. 466.).--Dugald Stewart, in +his Dissertation prefixed to the _Encyclopædia Britannica_, ed. 7., p. 30., +points out two passages of writers anterior to Lord Bacon, in which this +thought occurs. The first is in his namesake, Roger Bacon, who died in +1292: + + "Quanto juniores tanto perspicaciores, quia juniores posteriores + successione temporum ingrediuntor labores priorum."--_Opus Majus_, p. + 9. ed. Jebb. + +The _Opus Majus_ of Roger Bacon was not, however, printed until the last +century, and could not have been known to Lord Bacon unless he had read it +in manuscript. + +The second is from Ludovicus Vives, _De Caus. Corrupt. Art._, lib. i., of +which Mr. Stewart gives the following version:-- + + "The similitude which many have fancied between the superiority of the + moderns to the ancients, and the elevation of a dwarf on the back of a + giant, is {126} altogether false and puerile. Neither were they giants, + nor are we dwarfs, but all of us men of the same standard; and _we_, + the taller of the two, by adding their height to our own. Provided + always that we do not yield to them in study, attention, vigilance, and + love of truth; for if these qualities be wanting, so far from mounting + on the giant's shoulders, we throw away the advantages of our own just + stature, by remaining prostrate on the ground." + +Ludovicus Vives, the eminent Spanish writer, died in 1540, and therefore +preceded the active period of Lord Bacon's mind by about half a century. + +Mr. Stewart likewise cites the following sentences of Seneca, which, +however, can hardly be said to contain the germ of this thought:-- + + "Veniet tempus quo ista quæ nunc latent, in lucem dies extrahet, et + longioris ævi diligentia.... Veniet tempus, quo posteri nostri tam + aperta nos nescisse mirabuntur."--_Quæst. Nat._ viii. 25. + +L. + +_Umbrella_ (Vol. i., p. 414.; Vol. ii., pp. 25. 93. 126. 346. 491. 523.; +Vol. iii., p. 37.).--Although I conceive that ample proof has been given in +your columns that umbrellas were generally known at an earlier period than +had been commonly supposed, yet the following additional facts may not +perhaps be unacceptable to your readers. + +In Bailey's _Dictionary_, vol. i. (8th edit. 1737), are these articles:-- + + "PARASOL, a sort of small canopy or umbrella, to keep off the rain." + + "UMBELLA, _a little shadow_; an umbrella, bon-grace, skreen-fan, &c., + which women bear in their hands to shade them." + + "UMBELLIFORUS _Plants_ [among _botanists_]. Plants which have round + tufts, or small stalks standing upon greater; or have their tops + branched and spread like a lady's _umbrella_." + + "UMBRELLO [_Ombrelle_, F.; _Ombrella_, Ital. of _Umbrella_, or + _Umbrecula_, L.], a sort of skreen that is held over the head for + preserving from the sun or rain; also a wooden frame covered with cloth + or stuff, to keep off the sun from a window." + +In Bailey's _Dictionary_, vol. ii. (3rd edit. 1737), is the following:-- + + "UMBELLATED [_Umbellatus_, L.]; bossed. In _botan. writ._ is said of + flowers when many of them grow together, disposed somewhat like an + _umbrella_. The make is a sort of broad, roundish surface of the whole, + &c. &c." + +Horace Walpole (_Memoirs of the Reign of George II._, vol. iii. p. 153.), +narrating the punishment of Dr. Shebbeare for a libel, 5th December, 1758, +says,-- + + "The man stood in the pillory, having a footman holding an umbrella to + keep off the rain." + +In Burrow's _Reports_ (vol. ii. p. 792.), is an account of the proceedings +in the Court of King's Bench against Arthur Beardmore, under-sheriff of +Middlesex, for contempt of court in remitting part of the sentence on Dr. +Shebbeare. The affidavits produced by the Attorney-General stated-- + + "That the defendant only stood _upon the_ platform of the pillory, + unconfined, and at his ease, attended by a _servant_ in _livery_ (which + servant and livery were hired for this occasion only) holding an + umbrella over his head, all the time:" + +and Mr. Justice Dennison, in pronouncing sentence on Beardmore, did not +omit to allude to the umbrella. + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge, January 25. 1851. + +_Form of Prayer at the Healing_ (Vol. iii., p. 42.).--A copy of this +service of an earlier date than those mentioned is before me. It was +printed in folio at the Hague, 1650; and is appended to "a Form of Prayer +used in King Charles II.'s Chappel upon _Tuesdays_, in the times of his +trouble and distress." Charles I. was executed on that day of the week. + +J. H. M. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +"Thoughts take up no room," saith Jeremy Collier, in a curious passage +which Mr. Elmes has adopted as the motto of a pretty little volume, which +he has just put forth under the following characteristic title: _Horæ +Vacivæ, a Thought-book of the Wise Spirits of all Ages and all Countries, +fit for all Men and all Hours_. The work appears to have furnished a source +of occupation to its editor when partially recovering from a deprivation of +sight. It is well described by him as a "Spicilegium of golden thoughts of +wise spirits, who, though dead, yet speak;" and being printed in +Whittingham's quaintest style, and suitably bound, this Thought-book is as +externally tempting as it is intrinsically valuable. + +_The Calendar of the Anglican Church Illustrated, with Brief Accounts of +the Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names, or whose Images are +most frequently met with in England; the Early Christian and Mediæval +Symbols; and an Index of Emblems_, is sufficiently described in its +title-page. The editor very properly explains that the work is of an +archæological, not of a theological character--and as such it is certainly +one which English archæologists and ecclesiologists have long wanted. The +editor, while judiciously availing himself of the labours of Alt, Radowitz, +Didron, and other foreign writers, has not spared his own, having, with the +view to one portion of it, compiled a list of all the churches in England, +with the saints after whom they were named. This is sufficient to show that +the work is one of research, and consequently of value; that value being +materially increased by the numerous woodcuts admirably engraved by Mr. O. +Jewitt, with which it is illustrated. + +_Books Received._--_Helena, The Physician's Orphan_. The third number of +Mrs. Clarke's interesting series of tales, entitled, _The Girlhood of +Shakspeare's Heroines_. {127} _Every-day Wonders, or Facts in Physiology +which all should know:_ a very successful endeavour to present a few of the +truths of that science which treats of the structure of the human body, and +of the adaptation of the external world to it in such a form as that they +be readily apprehended. Great pains have been taken that the information +imparted should be accurate; and it is made more intelligible by means of +some admirable woodcuts. + +_Catalogues Received._--John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) No. 18. of +Catalogues of Books Old and New; J. Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street) +Catalogue Part II. of an Extensive Collection of Choice, Useful, and +Curious Books. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +RECHERCHES HISTORIQUES SUR LES CONGRÉGATIONS HOSPITALIERS DES FRÈRES +PONTIFES. A. GRÉGOIRE. Paris, 1818, 8vo. 72 pp. + +SEPULCHRAL MEMORIALS OF A MARKET TOWN, by DAWSON TURNER. Yarmouth, 1848. + +STEPHEN'S CENTRAL AMERICA, 2 vols. 8vo. plates. + +WHARTONI ANGLIA SACRA. The best edition. + +NOVUM TESTAMENTUM GR. Ex recensione Greisbach, cum var. lect. 4 vols. 4to. +Leipsic, 1806 or 1803. Engraved Frontispiece. + +LARDNER ON THE TRINITY. + +GOODRIDGE, JOHN, THE PHOENIX; or, Reasons for believing that the Comet, &c. +London, 1781, 8vo. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_We have many articles in type which we are compelled, by want of space, to +postpone until next week, when the publication of our double number will +enable us to insert many interesting communications which are only waiting +for room._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED. _St. Pancras--Daresbury--Plafery--Touching for the +Evil--Munchausen--Cold Harbour--Landwade Church--Bacon and Fagan--Soul's +Dark Cottage--Fine by Degrees--Simon Bache--Away let nought--Mythology of +the Stars--Adur--Burying in Church Walls--Sir Clowdesley Shovel--Lynch +Law--Cardinal's Monument--Inns of Court--True +Blue--Averia--Dragons--Brandon the Juggler--Words are Men's +Daughters--Sonnet by Milton--Dryden's Essay upon Satire--Ring Dials--Sir +Hilary--Arthur Massinger--Cranmer's Descendants--Post Conquestum--Prince of +Wales' Feathers--Verbum Græcum--Visions of Hell--Musical Plagiarism--Lady +Bingham--Cockade--Saint Paul's Clock--By and by--Aristophanes on the Modern +Stage._ + +LITURGICUS, _who writes on the subject of the letters_ M. _and_ N. _in the +Catechism and Marriage Service, is referred to our First Volume, pp._ 415. +_and_ 468. + +F. M. B. Hicks' Hall _was so called from its builder, Sir Baptist Hicks, +afterwards Viscount Camden; and the name of the_ Old Bailey, _says Stow, +"is likely to have arisen of some Count of old time there kept."--See +Cunningham's_ Handbook of London. + +K. R. H. M. _received_. + +E. T. (Liverpool). _We propose to issue a volume similar to our first and +second, at the termination of every half-year._ + +E. S. T. T. _For origin of_ + + "Tempora mutantur," &c., + +_see our First Volume, pp._ 234. 419. + +GEORGE PETIT. _The book called_ Elegantiæ Latinæ, _published under the name +of the learned Joh. Meursius, was written by Chorier of Grenoble. Meursius +had no share in it_. + +H. A. R. _Much information concerning the general and social condition of +Lunatics before 1828 will be found in Reports of Committees of House of +Commons of 1815, 1816, and 1827, and of the House of Lords of 1828._ + +A. C. P. _The explanation furnished is one about which there can be no +doubt, but for obvious reasons we do not insert it._ + +K. R. H. M. _We cannot promise until we see the article; but, if brief, we +shall have every disposition to insert it._ + +C. H. P. _Surely there is no doubt that Lord Howard of Effingham, who +commanded the Armada, was a Protestant._ + +VOLUME THE SECOND OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with very copious_ INDEX, _is now +ready, price_ 9s. 6d. _strongly bound in cloth_. VOL. I. _is reprinted, and +may also be had at the same price_. + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels_. + +_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be +addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. + +_Erratum_.--No. 65. p. 67. col. 2. l. 12., for "me_l_t" read "me_e_t." + + * * * * * + + +MR. T. RICHARDS (late of St. Martin's Lane), PRINTER and Agent to the PERCY +and HAKLUYT SOCIETIES, has removed to 37. Great Queen Street, +Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, where he respectfully requests all Letters may be +addressed to him. + + * * * * * + + +Whereshall we go this morning? Such is usually the query over the breakfast +table with visitors to London. Let us answer the question. If you can +admire the most beautiful specimens of PAPIER MACHE MANUFACTURE which are +produced in this country, displayed in the most attractive forms--if you +want a handsome or useful dressing-case, work-box, or writing-desk, if you +need any requisite for the work-table or toilet, or if you desire to see +one of the most elegant emporiums in London--then you will go to MECHI'S, +4. Leadenhall-street, near the India-house, in whose show-rooms you may +lounge away an hour very pleasantly. + + * * * * * + + +Messrs. Hope and Co.'s New Publications. + +I. + +FAC-SIMILE AUTOGRAPH LETTERS of JUNIUS, LORD CHESTERFIELD, and MRS. +DAGRALLES; shewing that the Wife of Mr. Solomon Dagralles was the +Amanuensis employed in copying the Letters of Junius for the Printer. With +a Postscript to the first essay on Junius and his works. By WILLIAM CRAMP, +author of the "Philosophy of Language." Price 2_s_. + +II. + +THE STATESMAN'S PORTFOLIO AND PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW: Consisting of Original +Articles and Correspondence on all the important Topics of the day, with a +Review of Parliamentary Business. Invaluable to Statesmen and others +interested in the Acts of the British Senate. On the 1st of March, to be +continued monthly, price 1_s_. + +London: HOPE and Co., 16. Great Marlborough Street. + + * * * * * + + +Price 1d., by Post 2d., or 5s. per Hundred for Distribution. + +WESTMINSTER AND DR. WISEMAN; or, FACTS _v._ FICTION. By WILLIAM PAGE WOOD, +Esq., M.P., Q.C. Reprinted from _The Times_, with an Advertisement on the +subject of the WESTMINSTER SPIRITUAL AID FUND, and more especially on the +Duty and Justice of applying the Revenues of the suspended Stalls of the +Abbey for the adequate Endowment of the District Churches in the immediate +neighbourhood. + +Second Edition, with an Appendix. + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; Messrs. RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's +Church-yard, and Waterloo Place; and THOMAS HATCHARD, 187. Piccadilly; and +_by Order_ of all Booksellers. + + * * * * * + + +{128} + +NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS. + + * * * * * + +THE CALENDAR OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH ILLUSTRATED. With brief Accounts of the +Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names, or whose Images are most +frequently met with in England; the early Christian and Mediæval Symbols; +and an Index of Emblems. With numerous Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo. 10s. 6d. + + "It is perhaps hardly necessary to observe that this work is of an + archæological, not of a theological character; the Editor has not + considered it his business to examine into the truth or falsehood of + the legends of which he narrates the substance; he gives them merely as + legends, and in general so much of them only as is necessary to explain + why particular emblems were used with a particular saint, or why + Churches in a given locality are named after this or that + saint."--_Preface._ + +THE FAMILY ALMANACK and EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for the YEAR of OUR LORD 1851. +Containing, in addition to the usual Contents of an Almanack, a List of the +Foundation and Grammar Schools in England and Wales; together with an +Account of the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them. Post 8vo. 4s. + +THE PAPAL SUPREMACY, its RISE and PROGRESS, traced in Three Lectures. By +the Rev. R. HUSSEY, B.D., Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History. Fcap. +8vo. 5s. + +THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY CALENDAR for 1851. 12mo. 6s. + +THE HISTORY of the PELOPONNESIAN WAR, by THUCYDIDES. The Text of ARNOLD, +with his Argument. The Indexes now first adapted to his Sections, and the +Greek Index greatly enlarged. By the Rev. G. R. P. TIDDEMAN, M.A., of +Magdalen Hall, Oxford. In 1 thick vol. 8vo. 12s. + +A COLLECTION of ANTHEMS used in the Cathedral and Collegiate Churches of +England and Wales. By WILLIAM MARSHALL, Mus. Doc., late Organist of Christ +Church Cathedral, and of St. John's College, Oxford. Second Edition. 12mo. +3s. + +AN ESSAY on the ORIGIN and DEVELOPMENT of WINDOW TRACERY in ENGLAND, with +numerous Illustrations. By EDWARD A. FREEMAN, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity +College, Oxford; Author of the "History of Architecture." 8vo. price 21s. +in cloth. + +DR. PUSEY'S DEFENCE of HIS OWN PRINCIPLES. A Letter to the Right Hon. and +Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of London, in explanation of some Statements +contained in a Letter by the Rev. W. Dodsworth. (Second Edition in the +Press.) + +A GLOSSARY of TERMS USED in GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, and GOTHIC +ARCHITECTURE. Exemplified by upwards of Eighteen Hundred Illustrations, +drawn from the best Examples. Fifth Edition. 3 vols. 8vo. cloth, gilt tops, +2l. 8s. + +SPECULATION: A TALE. Fcap. 8vo. 5s. + +THE DAILY SERVICES of the CHURCH of ENGLAND; complete in one portable +volume. Price 10s. 6d. bound; or 16s. in morocco. + +SERMONS, MOSTLY ACADEMICAL. With a Preface, containing a Refutation of the +Theory founded upon the Syriac Fragments of the Epistles of St. Ignatius. +By ROBERT HUSSEY, B.D., Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History, late +Censor of Christ Church, and Whitehall Preacher. 8vo. 10s. 6d. + +LYRA INNOCENTIUM: THOUGHTS in VERSE on CHRISTIAN CHILDREN, their WAYS and +their PRIVILEGES. By the Author of "The Christian Year." Fifth and Cheaper +Edition. Price in cloth, 1s. 6d.; or, neatly bound, with gilt edges, 2s. + +THE CHRISTIAN YEAR. A Cheaper Edition of this work is now ready. Price in +cloth, 1s. 6d.; or neatly bound, with gilt edges, 2s. It may also be had in +various other sizes and prices, from 3s. 6d. upwards. + +SERMONS CHIEFLY on the RESPONSIBILITIES of the MINISTERIAL OFFICE. By the +Rev. E. MONRO. 8vo. 7s. + +A MANUAL of DAILY PRAYERS, with an Office of Preparation for the Holy +Communion, and Companion to the Altar. 18mo. 8d. + +THE CHARACTER of PILATE and the SPIRIT of the AGE. A Course of Sermons +preached at the Chapel Royal, Whitehall, by the Rev. W. SEWELL, B.D., +Fellow and Tutor of Exeter College, and Whitehall Preacher. 12mo. price 4s. +6d. + +KENNETH; or, the REAR-GUARD of the GRAND ARMY. By the Author of "The Kings +of England." Fcap. 8vo. 5s. + +THE SEVEN DAYS; or, the OLD and NEW CREATION. By the Author of "The +Cathedral." Fcap. 8vo. cloth, 10s. 6d.; morocco, 14s. + +THE HISTORY of POPISH TRANSUBSTANTIATION. By JOHN COSIN, DD., Lord Bishop +of Durham. A New Edition, revised, with the Authorities printed in full +length, to which is added a Memoir of the Author by the Rev. J. BREWER, +M.A., of Queen's College, Oxford, and Classical Tutor in King's College, +London. Fcap. 8vo. 5_s_. + +COTTAGE PRINTS from SACRED SUBJECTS, intended chiefly for distribution +among the Poor. Edited by the Rev. H. J. ROSE, B.D., Rector of Houghton +Conquest, Beds., late Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, and the Rev. +JOHN WILLIAM BURGON, M.A., Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. To be completed +in Twelve Monthly Parts, containing in all at least fifty Prints. Price of +the set, 1l. 1s. Eight Parts are now ready. + + * * * * * + +OXFORD: JOHN HENRY PARKER; AND 377. STRAND, LONDON. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, February 15. 1851. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 68, February +15, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 22639-8.txt or 22639-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/2/6/3/22639/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |