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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 68, February 15,
+1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 68, February 15, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: September 16, 2007 [EBook #22639]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{113} NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 68.]
+SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 15. 1851.
+[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+  NOTES:--                                                   Page
+  Defence of the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots, by
+  J. Payne Collier                                            113
+  "De Navorscher," by Bolton Corney                           114
+  A Bidding at Weddings in Wales, by W. Spurrell              114
+  Coleridge's "Religious Musings"                             115
+  Folk Lore:--Lammer Beads--Engraved Warming-pans--Queen
+  Elizabeth's Christening Cloth                               115
+  Minor Notes:--The Breeches Bible--Origin of the
+  present Race of English--True Blue--"By Hook or
+  by Crook"--Record of Existing Monuments                     115
+
+  QUERIES:--
+  Five Queries and Notes on Books, Men, and Authors           117
+  Minor Queries:--The Witches' Prayer--Water-buckets
+  given to Sheriffs--A Cracow Pike--Meaning
+  of Waste-book--Machell's MS. Collections for
+  Westmoreland and Cumberland--Decking Churches at
+  Christmas--Coinage of Germany--Titles of Peers
+  who are Bishops--At Sixes and Sevens--Shaking
+  Hands--George Steevens--Extradition--Singing of
+  Metrical Psalms and Hymns in Churches--Ormonde
+  Portraits--Tradescant--Arthur's Seat and Salisbury
+  Craigs--Lincoln Missal                                      118
+
+  REPLIES:--
+  Meaning of Eisell, by Samuel Hickson and S. W. Singer       119
+  Descent of Henry IV.                                        120
+  Fossil Elk of Ireland                                       121
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--Coverdale Bible--Epitaph--
+  Probabilism--Old Hewson the Cobbler--Rodolph
+  Gualter--Burning the Hill--"Fronte capillata," &c.--Time
+  when Herodotus wrote--Herstmonceux Castle--Camden
+  and Curwen Families--Joan Sanderson, or the Cushion
+  Dance--North Sides of Churchyards--"Antiquitas
+  S�culi Juventus Mundi"--Umbrella--Form
+  of Prayer at the Healing                                    122
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                      126
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                127
+  Notices to Correspondents                                   127
+  Advertisements                                              127
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+DEFENCE OF THE EXECUTION OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS.
+
+Allow me to supply a deficiency in my last volume of _Extracts from the
+Registers of the Stationers' Company_, printed by the Shakspeare Society.
+It occurs at p. 224., in reference to an entry of 11th Feb., 1587, in the
+following terms:
+
+    "John Wyndett. Lycensed alsoe to him, under the B. of London hand and
+    Mr. Denham, An Analogie or Resemblance betweene Johane, Queene of
+    Naples, and Marye, Queene of Scotland."
+
+In the note appended to this entry I point out a mistake by Herbert (ii.
+1126. of his _History of Printing_), who fancied that the _Defence of the
+Execution of Mary Queen of Scots_, and Kyffin's _Blessedness of Britain_,
+were the same work; and I add that "the _Analogy_ here entered is not
+recorded among the productions of John Windet's press." This is true; but
+Mr. David Laing, of Edinburgh, has kindly taken the trouble to send me, all
+the way from Scotland, a very rare volume, which proves that the _Analogy_
+in question was printed by Windet in consequence of the registration, and
+that it was, in fact, part of a volume which that printer put forth under
+the following title:
+
+    "A Defence of the Honorable Sentence of Execution of the Queene of
+    Scots: exampled with Analogies, and Diverse Presidents of Emperors,
+    Kings, and Popes. With the Opinions of learned Men in the Point, &c.;
+    together with the Answere to certaine Objections made by the favourites
+    of the late Scottish Queene, &c. At London, printed by John Windet."
+
+It has no date: but it may be supplied by the entry at Stationer's Hall,
+and by the subject of the volume. The first chapter of the work is headed
+"An Analogie or Resemblance betweene Ione, queene of Naples, and Marie,
+queene of Scotland," which are the terms of the entry; and the probability
+seems to be, that when Windet took, or sent, it to be licensed, the book
+had no other title, and that the clerk adopted the heading of the first
+chapter as that of the whole volume. It consists, in fact, of eight
+chapters, besides a "conclusion," and a sort of supplement, with distinct
+signatures (beginning with D, and possibly originally forming part of some
+other work), of Babington's letter to Mary, her letter to Babington, the
+heads of a letter from Mary to Bernardin Mendoza, and "points" out of other
+letters, subscribed by Curle. The whole is a very interesting collection in
+relation to the history and end of Mary Queen of Scots; but nobody who had
+not seen the book could be aware that the entry in the Stationers'
+Registers, of "_An Analogie_," &c., applied to this general _Defence_ of
+her execution. The manner in which the "analogy" is made out may be seen by
+the two first paragraphs, which your readers may like to see quoted:--
+
+    "Ione, Queene of Naples, being in love with the Duke of Tarent, caused
+    her husband Andrasius (or, as {114} some terme him, Andreas), King of
+    Naples (whom she little favoured), to be strangled, in the yeare of our
+    Lord God 1348."
+
+    "Marie, Queene of Scotland, being (as appeareth by the Chronicles of
+    Scotlande and hir owne letters) in love with the Earle of Bothwell,
+    caused hir husband, Henrie Lorde Darley, King of Scotland (whome she
+    made small account of long time before) to be strangled, and the house
+    where he lodged, called Kirk of Fielde, to be blowen up with gunpowder,
+    the 10th of Februarie in the yeare of our Lord God 1567."
+
+In this way the analogy is pursued through twelve pages; but, for my
+present purpose, it is not necessary to extract more of it. I beg leave
+publicly to express my thanks to Mr. Laing for thus enabling me to furnish
+information which I should have been glad to supply, had it been in my
+power, when I prepared volume ii. of _Extracts from the Stationers'
+Registers_.
+
+J. PAYNE COLLIER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DE NAVORSCHER.
+
+An idea recorded in 1841, is to be realized in 1851--which promises, in
+various ways, to be the _annus mirabilis_!
+
+In an appeal to residents at Paris for a transcript of certain inedited
+notes on Jean Paul Marana, which are preserved in the _biblioth�que
+royale_, I made this remark:--
+
+    "If men of letters, of whatever nation, were more disposed to
+    interchange commodities in such a manner, the beneficial effects of it
+    in promoting mutual riches, would soon become visible."--_Gent. Mag._
+    XV. 270. N. S.
+
+The appeal was unsuccessful, and I could not but ascribe the failure of it
+to the want of a convenient channel of communication. A remedy is now
+provided--thanks to the example set at home, and the enterprising spirit of
+Mr. Frederik Muller of Amsterdam.
+
+We contemplate Holland as the school of classical and oriental literature,
+and as the _studio_ of painters and engravers; we admire her delicate
+Elzevirs and her magnificent folios; we commend her for the establishment
+of public libraries, _made available by printed catalogues_; we do justice
+to the discoveries of her early navigators; but we had scarcely heard of
+her vernacular literature before the publications of Bosworth, and Bowring.
+
+As M. Van Kampen observes, "La lit�rature hollandaise est presque inconnue
+aux �trangers � cause de la langue peu r�pandue qui lui sert d'organe."
+Under such circumstances it may be presumed that many a query will now be
+made, and many a new fact elicited. We may expect, by the means of _De
+Navorscher_, the further gratification of rational curiosity, and the
+improvement of historical and bibliographic literature.
+
+In assuming that some slight credit may be due to one who gives public
+expression to a novel and plausible idea, it may become me to declare that
+I renounce all claim to the substantial merit of having devised the means
+of carrying it into effect.
+
+BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A BIDDING AT WEDDINGS IN WALES.
+
+The practice of "making a bidding" and sending "bidding letters," of which
+the following is a specimen, is so general in most parts of Wales, that
+printers usually keep the form in type, and make alteration in it as
+occasion requires. The custom is confined to servants and mechanics in
+towns; but in the country, farmers of the humbler sort make biddings. Of
+late years tea parties have in Carmarthen been substituted for the bidding;
+but persons attending pay for what they get, and so incur no obligation;
+but givers at a bidding are expected and generally do return "all gifts of
+the above nature whenever called for on a similar occasion." When a bidding
+is made, it is usual for a large procession to accompany the young couple
+to church, and thence to the house where the bidding is held. Accompanying
+is considered an addition to the obligation conferred by the gift. I have
+seen, I dare say, six hundred persons in a wedding procession, and have
+been in one or two myself (when a child). The men walk together and the
+women together to church; but in returning they walk in pairs, or often in
+trios, one man between two women. The last time I was at such a wedding I
+had three strapping wenches attached to my person. In the country they
+ride, and generally there is a desperate race home to the bidding, where
+you would be surprised to see a comely lass, with Welsh hat on head and
+ordinary dress, often take the lead of fifty or a hundred smart fellows
+over rough roads that would shake your Astley riders out of their seats and
+propriety.
+
+    "Carmarthen, October 2. 1850.
+
+    "As we intend to enter the Matrimonial State, on Tuesday, the 22nd of
+    October instant, we are encouraged by our Friends to make a Bidding on
+    the occasion the same day, at the New Market House, near the Market
+    Place; when and where the favour of your good and agreeable company is
+    respectfully solicited, and whatever donation you may be pleased to
+    confer on us then, will be thankfully received, warmly acknowledged,
+    and cheerfully repaid whenever called for on a similar occasion,
+
+    By your most obedient Servants, HENRY JONES, (Shoemaker,) ELIZA DAVIES.
+
+    "The Young Man, his Father (John Jones, Shoemaker), his Sister (Mary
+    Jones), his Grandmother (Nurse Jones), his Uncle and Aunt (George
+    Jones, {115} Painter, and Mary, his wife), and his Aunt (Elizabeth
+    Rees), desire that all gifts due to them be returned to the Young Man
+    on the above day, and will be thankful for all additional favours.
+
+    "The Young Woman, her Father and Mother (Evan Davies, Pig-drover, and
+    Margaret, his wife), and her Brother and Sisters (John, Hannah, Jane,
+    and Anne Davies), desire that all gifts of the above nature due to them
+    be returned to the Young Woman on the above day, and will be thankful
+    for all additional favours conferred."
+
+W. SPURRELL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COLERIDGE'S "RELIGIOUS MUSINGS."
+
+Some readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" may be interested in a reading of a few
+lines in this poem which varies from that given in Pickering's edition of
+the _Poems_, 1844. In that edition the verses I refer to stand thus (p.
+69):
+
+ "For in his own, and in his Father's might,
+  The Saviour comes! While as the Thousand Years
+  Lead up their mystic dance, the Desert shouts!
+  Old Ocean claps his hands! The mighty Dead
+  Rise to new life, whoe'er from earliest time
+  With conscious zeal had urged Love's wondrous plan,
+  Coadjutors of God."
+
+I happen to be in possession of these lines as originally written, in
+Coleridge's own hand, on a detached piece of paper. It will be seen that
+they have been much altered in the printed edition above cited. I am now
+copying from Coleridge's autograph:
+
+ "For in his own, and in his Father's Might,
+  Heaven blazing in his train, the SAVIOUR comes!
+  To solemn symphonies of Truth and Love
+  The THOUSAND YEARS lead up their mystic dance.
+  Old Ocean claps his hands, the Desert shouts,
+  And vernal Breezes wafting seraph sounds
+  Melt the prim�val North. The Mighty Dead
+  Rise from their tombs, whoe'e[r] from earliest time
+  With conscious zeal had aided the vast plan
+  Of Love Almighty."
+
+The variations of the printed poem from this MS. fragment appear to me of
+sufficient importance to warrant my supposition that many readers and
+admirers of Coleridge may be glad to have the original text restored.
+
+H. G. T.
+
+Launceston.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Lammer Beads_--Lammer, or Lama beads are so called from an order of
+priests of that name among the western Tartars. The Lamas are extremely
+superstitious, and pretend to magic. Amber was in high repute as a charm
+during the plague of London, and was worn by prelates of the Church. John
+Baptist Van Helmont (_Ternary of Paradoxes_, London, 1650) says, that
+
+    "A translucid piece of amber rubbed on the jugular artery, on the hand
+    wrists, near the instep, and on the throne of the heart, and then hung
+    about the neck,"
+
+was a most certain preventative of (if not a cure for) the plague; the
+profound success of which Van Helmont attributes to its magnetic or
+sympathetic virtue.
+
+BLOWEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Engraved Warming-pans_.--Allow me to add another illustration to the list
+furnished by H. G. T., p. 84. One which I purchased a few years ago of a
+cottager at Shotover, in Oxfordshire, has the royal arms surmounted by
+C. R., and surrounded by
+
+    "FEARE GOD HONNOR Y^E KING, 1662."
+
+The lid and pan are of brass, the handle of iron.
+
+E. B. PRICE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Queen Elizabeth's Christening Cloth_.--The mention (in the first No. of
+your 3rd Vol.) of some damasked linen which belonged to James II. reminds
+me of a relic which I possess, and the description of which may interest
+some of your readers.
+
+It is the half of Queen Elizabeth's christening cloth, which came into my
+possession through a Mrs. Goodwin. A scrap of paper which accompanies it
+gives the following account of it:
+
+    "It was given by an old lady to Mrs. Goodwin; she obtained it from one
+    of the Strafford family, who was an attendant upon the Queen. The other
+    half Mrs. Goodwin has seen at High Fernby, in Yorkshire, a place
+    belonging to the family of the Rooks, in high preservation. In its
+    original state, it was lined with a rose-coloured lutestring, with a
+    flounce of the same about a quarter deep. The old lady being very
+    notable, found some use for the silk, and used to cover the china which
+    stood in the best parlour with this remains of antiquity."
+
+The christening cloth is of a thread net, worked in with blue and yellow
+silk, and gold cord. It must have been once very handsome, but is now
+somewhat the worse for wear and time. It is about 2� feet wide and 3� feet
+in length, so that the entire length must have been about 7 feet.
+
+Can any one inform me whether the remaining half of this interesting relic
+STILL exists; as the notice attached to it, and mentioning its locality,
+must now be fifty years old at least?
+
+H. A. B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_The Breeches Bible_.--The able and interesting article on the Breeches
+Bible which appeared in a late number of "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. iii., p.
+17.) is calculated to remove the deep-rooted popular error which affixes
+great pecuniary value to {116} every edition of the Bible in which the
+words "made themselves breeches" are to be found, by showing that such
+Bibles are generally only worth about as many shillings as they are
+supposed to be worth pounds. It is worth noting, with reference to this
+translation, that in the valuable early English version, known as
+Wickliffe's Bible, just published by the university of Oxford, the passage
+in Genesis (cap. iii. v. 7.) is translated "thei soweden togidre leeues of
+a fige tree and maden hem brechis."
+
+EFFESSA.
+
+_Origin of the present Race of English._--In Southey's _Letters of
+Espriella_ (Letter xxiv., p. 274., 3rd edit.), there is a remark, that the
+dark hair of the English people, as compared with the Northern Germans,
+seems to indicate a considerable admixture of southern blood. Now, in all
+modern ethnological works, this fact of present complexion seems to be
+entirely overlooked. But it is a fact, and deserves attention. Either it is
+the effect of climate, in which case the moral as well as the physical man
+must have altered from the original stock, or it arises from there being
+more "ungerman" blood flowing in English veins than is acknowledged. May I
+hazard a few conjectures?
+
+1. Are we not apt to underrate the number of Romanised Celts remaining in
+England after the Saxon Conquest? The victors would surely enslave a vast
+multitude, and marry many Celtic women; while those who fled at the first
+danger would gradually return to their old haunts. Under such
+circumstances, that the language should have been changed is no wonder.
+
+2. Long before the Norman Conquest there was a great intercourse between
+England and France, and many settlers from the latter country came over
+here. This, by the way, may account for that gradual change of the
+Anglo-Saxon language mentioned as observable prior to the Conquest.
+
+3. The army of the Conqueror was recruited from all parts of France, and
+was not simply Norman. When the men who composed it came into possession of
+this country, they clearly must have sent home for their wives and
+families; and many who took no part in the invasion no doubt came to share
+the spoils. Taking this into account, we shall find the Norman part of the
+population to have borne no small proportion to the _then_ inhabitants of
+England. It is important to bear in mind the probable increase of
+population since 1066 A.D.
+
+TERRA MARTIS.
+
+_True Blue._--I find the following account of this phrase in my note-book,
+but I cannot at present say whence I obtained it:--
+
+    "The first assumption of the phrase 'true blue' was by the Covenanters
+    in opposition to the scarlet badge of Charles I., and hence it was
+    taken by the troops of Leslie in 1639. The adoption of the colour was
+    one of those religious pedantries in which the Covenanters affected a
+    Pharisaical observance of the scriptural letter and the usages of the
+    Hebrews; and thus, as they named their children Habakkuk and
+    Zerubbabel, and their chapels Zion and Ebenezer, they decorated their
+    persons with blue ribbons because the following sumptuary precept was
+    given in the law of Moses:--
+
+    "'Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them to make to themselves
+    fringes on the borders of their garments, putting in them ribbons of
+    blue.'"--_Numb._ xv. 38.
+
+E. L. N.
+
+"_By Hook or by Crook._"--The destruction caused by the Fire of London,
+A.D. 1666, during which some 13,200 houses, &c., were burnt down, in very
+many cases obliterated all the boundary-marks requisite to determine the
+extent of land, and even the very sites occupied by buildings, previously
+to this terrible visitation. When the rubbish was removed, and the land
+cleared, the disputes and entangled claims of those whose houses had been
+destroyed, both as to the position and extent of their property, promised
+not only interminable occupation to the courts of law, but made the far
+more serious evil of delaying the rebuilding of the city, until these
+disputes were settled, inevitable. Impelled by the necessity of coming to a
+more speedy settlement of their respective claims than could be hoped for
+from legal process, it was determined that the claims and interests of all
+persons concerned should be referred to the judgment and decision of two of
+the most experienced land-surveyors of that day,--men who had been
+thoroughly acquainted with London previously to the fire; and in order to
+escape from the numerous and vast evils which mere delay must occasion,
+that the decision of these two arbitrators should be final and binding. The
+surveyors appointed to determine the rights of the various claimants were
+Mr. Hook and Mr. Crook, who by the justice of their decisions gave general
+satisfaction to the interested parties, and by their speedy determination
+of the different claims, permitted the rebuilding of the city to proceed
+without the least delay. Hence arose the saying above quoted, usually
+applied to the extrication of persons or things from a difficulty. The
+above anecdote was told the other evening by an old citizen upwards of
+eighty, by no means of an imaginative temperament.
+
+J. D. S.
+
+Putney, Feb. 1. 1851.
+
+    [We insert the above, as one of the many explanations which have been
+    given of this very popular phrase--although we believe the correct
+    origin to be the right of taking _fire-bote by hook or by crook_. See
+    NOTES AND QUERIES, Vol. i., pp. 281. and 405.]
+
+_Record of Existing Monuments._--I have some time since read your remarks
+in Vol. iii., p. 14. of "NOTES AND QUERIES," on the Rev. J. Hewett's
+_Monumentarum_ of Exeter Cathedral, and intend in {117} a short time to
+follow the advice you have there given to "superabundant brass-rubbers," of
+copying the inscriptions in the churches and churchyards of the hundred of
+Manley. The plan I intend to pursue is, to copy in full every inscription
+of an earlier date than 1750; also, all more modern ones which are in any
+way remarkable as relating to distinguished persons, or containing any
+peculiarity worthy of note. The rest I shall reduce into a tabular form.
+
+The inscriptions of each church I shall arrange chronologically, and form
+an alphabetical index to each inscription in the hundred.
+
+By this means I flatter myself a great mass of valuable matter may be
+accumulated, a transcript of which may not be entirely unworthy of a place
+on the shelves of the British Museum.
+
+I have taken the liberty of informing you of my intention, and beg that if
+you can suggest to me any plan which is better calculated for the purpose
+than the one I have described, you will do so.
+
+Would it not be possible, if a few persons in each county were to begin to
+copy the inscriptions on the plan that I have described, that in process of
+time a copy of every inscription in every church in England might be ready
+for reference in our national library?
+
+Perhaps you will have the goodness, if you know of any one who like myself
+is about to undertake the task of copying inscriptions in his own
+neighbourhood, to inform me, that I may communicate with him, so that, if
+possible, our plans may be in unison.
+
+EDW. PEACOCK, JUN.
+
+Bottesford Moors, Messingham, Kirton Lindsey.
+
+    [We trust the example set by Mr. Hewett, and now about to be followed
+    by our correspondent, is destined to find many imitators.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+FIVE QUERIES AND NOTES ON BOOKS, MEN, AND AUTHORS.
+
+1. _Newburgh Hamilton_.--Can any of your readers inform me who Newburgh
+Hamilton was? He wrote two pieces in my library, viz. (1.) _Petticoat
+Plotter_, a farce in two acts; acted at Drury Lane and Lincoln's Inn
+Fields, London, 1720, 12mo. This has been mutilated by Henry Ward, a York
+comedian, and actually printed by him as his _own_ production, in the
+collection of plays and poems going under his name, published in 1745,
+8vo., a copy of which I purchased at Nassau's sale, many years since. (2.)
+_The Doating Lovers, or the Libertine Tamed_, a comedy in five acts; acted
+in Lincoln's Inn Fields. It is dedicated to the Duchess of Hamilton and
+Brandon, whose "elegant taste and nice judgment in the most polite
+entertainments of the age," as well as her "piercing wit," are eulogised.
+Accident gave me a copy of Mr. Hamilton's book-plate, which consists of the
+crest and motto of the ducal race of Hamilton in a very curious
+framework,--the top being a row of music-books, whilst the sides and bottom
+are decorated with musical instruments, indicative, probably, of the tastes
+of Mr. Hamilton.
+
+2. _The Children's Petition._--I have also a very extraordinary little
+book, of which I never saw another copy. It formerly belonged to Michael
+Lort, and is entitled
+
+    "The Children's Petition, or a Modest Remonstrance of that Intolerable
+    Grievance our Youth lie under, in the accustomed Severities of the
+    School Discipline of this Nation. Humbly presented to the Consideration
+    of the Parliament. Licensed Nov. 10. 1669, by Roger L'Estrange. London,
+    1669. 18mo."
+
+The object of this most singular production is to put down the flagellation
+of boys in that particular part of the body wherein honour is said to be
+placed; and the arguments adduced are not very easily answered. The author,
+whoever he was, had reason, as well as learning, on his side. I am not
+aware of any other copy north the Tweed; but there may be copies in some of
+the libraries south of that river.
+
+3. _Dr. Anthony Horneck._--Do any of the letters of the once celebrated Dr.
+Anthony Horneck exist in any library, public or private? His only daughter
+married Mr. Barneveldt; and his son, who served with Marlborough, left
+issue, which failed in the male line, but still exists in the female line,
+in the representative of Henry William Bunting, Esq., the caricaturist. The
+writer of these Queries is the direct descendant of Mrs. Barneveldt, and is
+anxious to know whether any unpublished MSS. of his ancestors still exist.
+There was a Philip Horneck who in 1709 published an ode inscribed to his
+excellency the Earl of Wharton, wherein he is described as LL.B., a copy of
+which I have. There can be no doubt he is the individual introduced by Pope
+in the _Dunciad_, book iii. line 152.; but what I wish to know is, whether
+he was a son of Dr. Horneck, and a brother of the general.
+
+4. In Clifford's _History of the Paul of Tixall_, the name of the real
+author of _Gaudentio di Lucca_ is given. Every reliance may be attached to
+the accuracy of the information there given, not only on account of the
+undoubted respectability of the author, but from the evident means of
+knowledge which he, as a Roman Catholic of distinction, must have had.
+
+5. _The Travels of Baron Munchausen_ were written to ridicule Bruce, the
+Abyssinian traveller, whose adventures were at the time deemed fictitious.
+Bruce was a most upright, honest man, and recorded nothing but what he had
+seen; nevertheless, as is always the case, a host of detractors buzzed
+about him, and he was so much vexed at the impeachment of his veracity,
+that he let them get their own way. Munchausen, a veritable {118} name--the
+real possessor of which died in October, 1817--was assumed, and poor Bruce
+was travestied very cleverly, but most unjustly. The real author has not
+been ascertained; but at one time it was believed to have been James
+Grahame, afterwards a Scotch barrister, and author of a poem of much
+beauty, called _The Sabbath_. Circumstances which came to my knowledge,
+coupled with the exceedingly loveable character of Grahame, render this
+belief now incredible; but undoubtedly he knew who the real author was. The
+copy in my library is in two volumes: the _first_, said to be the second
+edition, "considerably enlarged, and ornamented with twenty explanatory
+engravings from original designs," is entitled _Gulliver Revived: or the
+Vice of Lying properly exposed_, and was printed for the Kearsleys, at
+London, 1793. The _second_ volume is called _A Sequel to the Adventures of
+Baron Munchausen_, and is described as "a new edition, with twenty capital
+copperplates, including the Baron's portrait; humbly dedicated to Mr.
+Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller," was published by H. D. Symonds,
+Paternoster Row, 1796. I had for years sought for an original copy of this
+very singular work, and I at last was so successful as to purchase the one
+above described, which had been picked up by a bookseller at the sale of
+some books originally forming part of the library at Hoddam Castle.
+
+On looking over a copy of Sir John Mandeville,
+
+    "Printed for J. Osborne, near Dockhead, Southwark; and James Hodges, at
+    the Looking Glass, on London Bridge:"
+
+I observe he gives--at least there--no account whatever of his
+peregrinations to the polar regions; and the notion of ascribing to him the
+story of the frozen words is preposterous. I have not in my library, but
+have read, the best edition of Sir John's _Travels_ (I don't mean the
+abominable reprint), but I do not remember anything of the kind there.
+Indeed Sir John, like Marco Polo, was perfectly honest, though some of
+their informants may not have been so.
+
+J. ME.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_The Witches' Prayer._--Can you inform me where I can find the epigram
+alluded to by Addison, in No. 61. of the _Spectator_, as "The Witches'
+Prayer," which falls into verse either way, only that it reads "cursing"
+one way, and "blessing" the other? Or is the epigram only a creation of the
+pleasing author's fertile imagination?
+
+DOUBTFUL.
+
+St. John's Wood.
+
+_Water-buckets given to Sheriffs._--Can any of your readers inform me the
+origin of the delivery of water-buckets, glazed and painted with the city
+arms, given to the sheriffs of London and Middlesex at the expiration of
+the year of their shrievalty?
+
+J. B. K.
+
+Temple.
+
+_A Cracow Pike._--Can any of your readers tell me what _a Cracow pike_ is?
+I have searched Meyrick's works on _Ancient Armour_ without finding any
+notice of such a weapon; but as those works have no indexes one cannot be
+certain that there may not be some mention of it. I shall be obliged by a
+description of the Cracow pike, or a reference to any authorities
+mentioning it, or its use.
+
+I. H. T.
+
+_Meaning of Waste Book._--Can you or any of your readers inform me the
+origin of the term used in book-keeping, viz., _"Waste" book_?
+
+I am the book-keeper and cashier in an extensive firm, and I know there is
+very little _wasted_ that goes into our books bearing that name.
+
+ONE WHO OFTEN RUNS FOR THE GREAT LEDGER.
+
+_Machell's MS. Collections for Westmoreland and Cumberland._--In the
+library of the dean and chapter at Carlisle, are preserved six volumes in
+folio, which purport to be _Collections for the History of Westmoreland and
+Cumberland, made in the Reign of Charles II., by the Reverend Thomas
+Machell_. Have these collections been carefully examined, and their
+contents made use of in any topographical publication?
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Decking Churches at Christmas._--Does the custom of dressing the churches
+at Christmas with holly, and other evergreens, prevail in any country
+besides England?
+
+L.
+
+_Coinage of Germany._--I should wish to be referred to the names of the
+principal works on the coinage of Germany; not merely the imperial, but
+that of sovereign prelates, abbeys, &c., that struck money.
+
+A. N.
+
+_Titles of Peers who are Bishops_ (Vol. iii., p. 23.).--Why is Lord Crewe
+always called so, and not Bishop of Durham, considering his spiritual
+precedency? Was not Lord Bristol (who was an Earl) always called Bishop of
+Derry?
+
+Cx.
+
+_At Sixes and Sevens._--Shakspeare uses the well-known adage--"at sixes and
+sevens;" Bacon, Hudibras, Arbuthnot, Swift, all use the proverb. Why should
+sixes and sevens be more congruous with disorder than "twos and threes?"
+and whence comes the saying?
+
+D. C.
+
+_Shaking Hands._--What is the origin of the custom of _shaking hands_ in
+token of friendship? And were the _clasped hands_ (now the common symbol of
+Benefit Clubs) ever used as a signet, prior to their adoption as such by
+the early Christians in their wedding rings; or, did these rings {119} bear
+any other motto, or posy, than "Fides annulus castus" (i. e. _simplex et
+sine gemm�_)?
+
+J. SANSOM.
+
+_George Steevens._--Can any of your readers inform me whether a memoir of
+George Steevens, the Shakspearian commentator, ever was published? Of
+course I have seen the biographical sketch in the _Gentleman's Magazine_,
+the paragraph in Nichols' _Anecdotes_, and many like incidental notices.
+Steevens, who died in January, 1800, left the bulk of his property to his
+cousin, Miss Elizabeth Steevens, of Poplar; and as there is no reservation
+nor special bequest in the will, I presume she took possession of his books
+and manuscripts. The books were sold by auction; but what has become of the
+manuscripts?
+
+A. Z.
+
+_Extradition._--The discussion which was occasioned, some time ago, by the
+sudden transference of the word _extradition_ into our diplomatic
+phraseology, must be still in the recollection of your readers. Some were
+opposed to this change on the ground that _extradition_ is not English;
+others justified its adoption, for the very reason that we have no
+corresponding term for it; and one gentleman resolved the question by
+urging that, "si le mot n'est pas Anglais, il m�rite de l'�tre." I believe
+there is no reference in "NOTES AND QUERIES" to this controversy; nor do I
+now refer to it with any intention of reviving discussion on a point which
+seems to have been set at rest by the acquiescence of public opinion. I
+wish merely to put one or two Queries, which have been suggested to me by
+the _fact_ that _extradition_ is now generally employed as an English word.
+
+1. Is there any contingency in which the meaning of the word _extradition_
+may not be sufficiently expressed by the verb _to deliver up_, or the
+substantive _restitution_?
+
+2. If so, how has its place been supplied heretofore in our diplomatic
+correspondence?
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia, Dec. 1850.
+
+_Singing of Metrical Psalms and Hymns in Churches._--1. When and how did
+the custom of singing metrical psalms and hymns in churches originate? 2.
+By what authority was it sanctioned? 3. At what parts of the service were
+these psalms and hymns directed to be introduced? 4. Was this custom
+contemplated by the compilers of the Book of Common Prayer?
+
+ARUN.
+
+_Ormonde Portraits._--I shall feel much obliged by information on the
+following points:--
+
+1. Whether _any_ portrait of Thomas Earl of Ormonde has been published? He
+died in the year 1614.
+
+2. _How many_ engraved portraits of Thomas, the famous Lord Ossory, have
+been issued? their dates, and the engravers' names.
+
+3. _How many_ engraved portraits of the first and second Dukes of Ormonde,
+respectively, have appeared? their dates, and engravers' names.
+
+JAMES GRAVES.
+
+Kilkenny, Jan. 31. 1851.
+
+_Tradescant._--In the inscription on the tomb of the Tradescants in Lambeth
+churchyard, which it is proposed to restore as soon as possible, these two
+lines occur:
+
+ "These famous antiquarians, that had been
+  Both gardeners to the Rose and Lily queen."
+
+Can any of your readers inform me _when_ the elder Tradescant came over to
+England, and when he was appointed royal gardener? Was it not in the reign
+of Elizabeth?
+
+J. C. B.
+
+Lambeth.
+
+_Arthur's Seat and Salisbury Craigs._--L. M. M. R. is very anxious to be
+informed as to the origin of the name of Arthur's Seat and Salisbury
+Craigs, the well-known hill and rocks close to Edinburgh.
+
+_Lincoln Missal._--Is a manuscript of the missal, according to the use of
+the church of Lincoln, known to exist? and, if so, where may it be seen?
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK, JUN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+MEANING OF EISELL.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 66.)
+
+I must beg a very small portion of your space to reply to your
+correspondent H. K. S. C., who criticises so pleasantly my remarks on the
+meaning of "eisell." The question is: Does the meaning MR. SINGER attaches
+to this word require in the passage cited the expression of quantity to
+make it definite? I am disposed to think that a definite quantity may be
+sometimes understood, in a well-defined act, although it be _not_
+expressed. On the other hand, your correspondent should know that English
+idiom requires that the name of a river should be preceded by the definite
+article, unless it be personified; and that whenever it is used without the
+article, it is represented by the personal pronoun _he_. Though a man were
+able "to drink _the Thames_ dry," he could no more "drink up _Thames_" than
+he could drink up _Neptune_, or the sea-serpent, or do any other impossible
+feat.
+
+I observed before, that "the notion of drinking up a river would be both
+unmeaning and out of place." I said this, with the conviction that there
+was a purpose in everything that Shakspeare wrote; and being still of this
+persuasion, allow me to protest against the terms "mere verbiage" and
+"extravagant rant," which your correspondent applies to the passage in
+question. The poet does not present common things as they appear to all
+men. Shakspeare's art was equally great, {120} whether he spoke with the
+tongues of madmen or philosophers. H. K. S. C. cannot conceive why each
+feat of daring should be a tame possibility, save only the last; but I say
+that they are _all_ possible; that it was a daring to do not impossible but
+extravagant feats. As far as quantity is concerned, to eat a crocodile
+would be more than to eat an ox. Crocodile may be a very delicate meat, for
+anything I know to the contrary; but I must confess it appears to me to be
+introduced as something loathsome or repulsive, and (on the poet's part) to
+cap the absurdity of the preceding feat. The use made by other writers of a
+passage is one of the most valuable kinds of comment. In a burlesque some
+years ago, I recollect a passage was brought to a climax with the very
+words, "Wilt eat a crocodile?" The immediate and natural response
+was--_not_ "the thing's impossible!" but--"you nasty beast!" What a descent
+then from the drinking up of a river to a merely disagreeable repast. In
+the one case the object is clear and intelligible, and the last feat is
+suggested by the not so difficult but little less extravagant preceding
+one; in the other, each is unmeaning (in reference to the speaker),
+unsuggested, and, unconnected with the other; and, regarding the order an
+artist would observe, out of place.
+
+SAMUEL HICKSON.
+
+St. John's Wood, Jan. 27. 1851.
+
+P.S. In replying to Mr. G. STEPHENS, in reference to the meaning of a
+passage in the _Tempest_, I expressed a wish that he would give the meaning
+of what he called a "common ellipsis" "stated _at full_." This stands in
+your columns (Vol. ii., p. 499.) "at first," in which expression I am
+afraid he would be puzzled to find any meaning.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I might safely leave H. K. S. C. to the same gentle correction bestowed
+upon a neighbour of his at Brixton some time since, by MR. HICKSON, but I
+must not allow him to support his dogmatic and flippant hypercriticism by
+falsehood and unfounded insinuation, and I therefore beg leave to assure
+him that I have no claim to the enviable distinction of being designated as
+the friend of MR. HICKSON, to whom I am an utter stranger, having never
+seen him, and knowing nothing of that gentleman but what his very valuable
+communications to your publication conveys.
+
+I have further to complain of the want of truth in the very first paragraph
+of your correspondent's note: the question respecting the meaning of
+"Eisell" does _not_ "remain substantially where Steevens and Malone left
+it;" for I have at least shown that _Eisell_ meant _Wormwood_, and that
+Shakspeare has elsewhere undoubtedly used it in that sense.
+
+Again: the remark about the fashion of extravagant feats, such as
+swallowing nauseous draughts in honour of a mistress, was quite uncalled
+for. Your correspondent would insinuate that I attribute to Shakspeare's
+time "what in reality belongs to the age of Du Guesclin and the
+Troubadours." Does he mean to infer that it did not in reality equally
+belong to Shakspeare's age? or that I was ignorant of its earlier
+prevalence?
+
+The purport of such remarks is but too obvious; but he may rest assured
+that they will not tend to strengthen his argument, if argument it can be
+called, for I must confess I do not understand what he means by his
+"definite quantity." But the phrase _drink up_ is his stalking-horse; and
+as he is no doubt familiar with the _Nursery Rhymes_[1], a passage in
+them--
+
+ "Eat up your cake, Jenny,
+  _Drink up_ your wine."
+
+may perhaps afford him further apt illustration.
+
+The proverb tells us "It is dangerous playing with edge tools," and so it
+is with bad puns: he has shown himself an unskilful engineer in the use of
+MR. HICKSON's canon, with which he was to have "blown up" MR. HICKSON's
+argument and my proposition; with what success may be fairly left to the
+judgment of your readers. I will, however, give him another canon, which
+may be of use to him on some future occasion: "When a probable solution of
+a difficulty is to be found by a parallelism in the poet's pages, it is
+better to adopt it than to charge him with a blunder of our own creating."
+
+The allusion to "breaking Priscian's head" reminds one of the remark of a
+witty friend on a similar occasion, that "there are some heads not easily
+broken, but the owners of them have often the fatuity to run them against
+stumbling-blocks of their own making."
+
+S. W. SINGER.
+
+[Footnote 1: _Nursery Rhymes_, edited by James Orchard Halliwell, Esq., F.
+R. S., &c.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DESCENT OF HENRY IV.
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 375.)
+
+Under the head of "Descent of Edward IV.," S. A. Y. asks for information
+concerning "a popular, though probably groundless tradition," by which that
+prince sought to prove his title to the throne of England. S. A. Y., or his
+authority, Professor Millar, is mistaken in ascribing it to Edward IV.--it
+was Henry IV. who so sought to establish his claim.
+
+    "Upon Richard II.'s resignation ... Henry, Duke of Lancaster, having
+    then a large army in the kingdom ... it was impossible for any other
+    title to be asserted with safety, and he became king under the title of
+    Henry IV. He was, nevertheless, not admitted to the crown until he had
+    declared that he {121} claimed, not as a conqueror (which he was much
+    inclined to do), but as a successor descended by right line of the
+    blood royal.... And in order to this he set up a show of two titles:
+    the one upon the pretence of being the first of the blood royal of the
+    entire male line; whereas the Duke of Clarence (Lionel, elder brother
+    of John of Gaunt) left only one daughter, Philippa: the other, by
+    reviving an exploded rumour, first propagated by John of Gaunt, that
+    Edmond Earl of Lancaster (to whom Henry's mother was heiress) was in
+    reality the elder brother of King Edward I., though his parents, on
+    account of his personal deformity, had imposed him on the world for the
+    younger."--Blackstone's _Commentaries_, book i. ch. iii. p. 203. of
+    edit. 1787.
+
+This Edmond, Earl of Lancaster, was succeeded by his son Thomas, who in the
+fifteenth year of the reign of Edward II. was attainted of high treason. In
+the first of Edward III. his attainder was reversed, and his son Henry
+inherited his titles, and subsequently was created Duke of Lancaster.
+Blanche, daughter of Henry, first Duke of Lancaster, subsequently became
+his heir, and was second wife to John of Gaunt, and mother to Henry IV.
+
+Edward IV.'s claim to the throne was by descent from Lionel, Duke of
+Clarence, third son of Edward III., his mother being Cicely, youngest
+daughter of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland. Lionel married Elizabeth
+de Burgh, an Irish heiress, who died shortly after, leaving one daughter,
+Philippa. As William of Hatfield, second son of Edward III., died at an
+early age, without issue, according to all our ideas of hereditary
+succession Philippa, only child of Edward III.'s third son, ought to have
+inherited before the son of his fourth son; and Sir Edward Coke expressly
+declares, that the right of the crown was in the descent from Philippa,
+daughter and heir of Lionel, Duke of Clarence. Henry IV.'s right, however,
+was incontestable, being based on overwhelming might. Philippa married
+Edward Mortimer, Earl of March. Roger, their son, succeeded his father in
+his titles, and left one daughter, Anne, who married Richard, Earl of
+Cambridge, son of Edmund Langley, Duke of York, which Edmund, Duke of York,
+was the fifth son of Edward III.; and thus the line of York, though a
+younger branch of the royal family, took precedence, _de jure_, of the
+Lancaster line. From this union sprang Richard, Duke of York, who was
+killed under the walls of Sandal Castle, and who left his titles and
+pretensions to Edward, afterwards the fourth king of that name.
+
+The above is taken from several authorities, among which are Blackstone's
+_Comm._, book i. ch. iii.; and Miss Strickland's _Lives of the Queens of
+England_, vols. ii. iii. iv.
+
+TEE BEE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOSSIL ELK OF IRELAND.
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 494.; Vol. iii., p. 26.)
+
+W. R. C. states that he is anxious to collect all possible information as
+to this once noble animal. I would have offered the following notes and
+references sooner, but that I was confident that some abler contributor to
+the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES" would have brought out of his stores much
+to interest your natural history readers (whose Queries I regret are so few
+and far between), and at the same time elucidate some points touched upon
+by W. R. C., as to the period of its becoming extinct. Perhaps he would
+favour me with the particulars of "its being shot in 1553," and a
+particular reference to the plate alluded to in the _Nuremberg Chronicle_,
+as I have not been able to recognise in _any_ of its plates the Cervus
+Megaceros, and I am disposed to question the correctness of the statement,
+that the animal existed so lately as the period referred to.
+
+There is in the splendid collections of the Royal Dublin Society (which,
+unfortunately, is not arranged as it should be, from want of proper space),
+a fine _skeleton_ of this animal, the _first_ perfect one possessed by any
+public body in Europe:
+
+    "It is perfect" [I quote the admirable memoir drawn up for the Royal
+    Dublin Society by that able comparative anatomist Dr. John Hart, which
+    will amply repay a perusal by W. R. C., or any other naturalist who may
+    feel an interest in the subject] "in every single bone of the framework
+    which contributes to form a part of the general outline, the spine, the
+    chest, the pelvis, and the extremities are all complete in this
+    respect; and when surmounted by the head and _beautifully expanded
+    antlers_, which extend out to a distance of nearly six feet on either
+    side, form a splendid display of the reliques of the former grandeur of
+    the animal kingdom, and carries back the imagination to the period when
+    whole herds of this noble animal wandered at large over the face of the
+    country."
+
+Until Baron Cuvier published his account of these remains, they were
+generally supposed to be the same as those of the Moose deer or elk of N.
+America. (Vide _Ann. du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle_, tom. xii., and
+_Ossemens Fossiles_, tom. iv.) This error seems to have originated with Dr.
+Molyneux in 1697. (Vide _Phil. Trans._, vol. xix.)
+
+The perforated rib referred to was presented to the society by Archdeacon
+Maunsell, and
+
+    "contains an oval opening towards its lower edge, the long diameter of
+    which is parallel to the length of the rib, its margin is depressed on
+    the outer and raised on the inner surface; round which there is an
+    irregular effusion of callus.... In fact, such a wound as would be
+    produced by the head of an arrow remaining in the wound after the shaft
+    had broken off."--Hart's _Memoir_, p. 29.
+
+There are in the Museum of Trinity College, Dublin, a very complete and
+interesting series of {122} antlered skulls of this animal. Should W. R. C.
+or any other reader of "NOTES AND QUERIES," desire further information on
+this subject, I will gladly, if in my power, afford it.
+
+S. P. H. T. (a M. R. D. S.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Coverdale Bible_ (Vol. iii., p. 54.).--Your correspondent ECHO is quite
+right in declaring Mr. Granville Penn's statement, that Coverdale used
+Tyndale's _New Test_. in his Bible of 1535, to be quite wrong. Mr. Penn
+very probably took his statement from the Preface to D'Oyley and Mant's
+Bible, as published by the Christian Knowledge Society, which contains a
+very erroneous account of the earliest English versions.
+
+Tyndale's version of the New Testament was not incorporated in any version
+of the whole Bible till the publication of what is called Matthewe's Bible
+in 1537.
+
+For more particular statements confirmed by proofs, your correspondent may
+consult Anderson's _Annals of the English Bible_, under the dates of the
+respective editions, or his appendix to vol. ii., pp. viii., ix.; or Mr.
+Pearson's biographical notice of Coverdale, prefixed to the Parker Soc.
+edit. of his _Remains_; or the biographical notice of Tyndale, prefixed to
+the Parker Soc. edit. of his Works, pp. lxxiv., lxxv.; or _Two Letters to
+Bishop Marsh on the Independence of the Authorised Version_, published for
+me by Hatchard in 1827 and 1828.
+
+HENRY WALTER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Epitaph_ (Vol. iii., p. 57.).--The name of the "worthie knyght" is _Sir
+Thomas Gravener_, as A. B. R. might have seen in the printed Catalogue of
+the Harleian MSS. Who he was, is a more difficult question to answer; but
+there was a family of that name settled in Staffordshire, as appears from
+MS. Harl. 1476. fol. 250. The epitaph in question (at fol. 28 b of the old
+numbering, or 24 b of the new, _not_ fol. 25 b.) is inserted among several
+short poems written by Sir Thomas Wyatt; and the epitaph itself has a
+capital W affixed to it, as if it were also of his composition: but I do
+not find it inserted in Dr. Nott's edition of his poetical works, in 1816;
+nor does this MS. appear to have been consulted by Dr. Nott. And here I may
+take the liberty of remarking, how desirable it is that your
+correspondents, in sending any extracts from old English MSS. to the "NOTES
+AND QUERIES," should adhere strictly to the original orthography, or else
+modernise it altogether. A. B. R. evidently intends to retain the ancient
+spelling; yet, from haste or inadvertence, he has committed no less than
+forty-four _literal_ errors in transcribing this short epitaph, and three
+_verbal_ ones, namely, _itt_ for _that_ (l. 11.), _Hys_ for _The_ (l. 14.),
+and _or_ for _and_ (l. 17.). Another curious source of error may here be
+pointed out. Nearly all the MSS. contained in the British Museum
+collections are not only distinguished by a number, but have a _press-mark_
+stamped on the back, which is denoted by _Plut._ (an abbreviation of
+_Pluteus_, press), with the number and shelf. Thus the Harleian MS. 78.,
+referred to by A. B. R., stands in _press_ (_Plut._) LXIII. _shelf_ E. In
+consequence of the Cottonian collection having been originally designated
+after the names of the twelve C�sars (whose busts, together with those of
+Cleopatra and Faustina, stood above the presses), it appears to have been
+supposed that other classical names served as references to the remaining
+portions of the manuscript department. In A. B. R.'s communication, _Plut._
+is expressed by the name of _Pluto_; in a volume of Miss Strickland's
+_Lives of the Queens of Scotland_, lately published, it is metamorphosed
+into _Plutus_; and the late Dr. Adam Clarke refers to some of Dr. Dee's
+MSS. in the _Sloane_ (more correctly, _Cottonian_) library, under
+_Plutarch_ xvi. G! (See _Catalogue_ of his MSS., 8vo., 1835, p. 62.) The
+same amusing error is more formally repeated by Dr. J. F. Payen, in a
+recent pamphlet, entitled _Nouveaux Documents in�dits ou peu connus sur
+Montaigne_, 8vo., 1850, at p. 24. of which he refers to "Bibl. Egerton,
+vol. 23., _Plutarch_, f. 167.," [_Plut._ CLXVII. F.], and adds in a note:
+
+    "On sait que dans nos biblioth�ques les grandes divisions sont marqu�es
+    par les lettres de l'alphabet; _au Mus�e Britannique c'est par des noms
+    de personnages c�l�bres qu'on les designe_."
+
+[mu].
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Probabilism_ (Vol. iii., p. 61.).--Probabilism, so far as it means the
+principle of reasoning or acting upon the opinion of eminent teachers or
+writers, was the principle of the Pythagoreans, whose _ipse dixit_,
+speaking of their master, is proverbial; and of Aristotle, in his Topics.
+
+But probabilism, in its strict sense, I presume, means the doctrine so
+common among the Jesuits, 200 years ago, and so well stated by Pascal, that
+it is lawful to act upon an opinion expressed by a single writer of weight,
+though contrary to one's own opinion, and entirely overbalanced, either in
+weight or numbers, by the opinion of other writers.
+
+Jeremy Taylor, in his _Ductor Dubitantium_, tells us that this doctrine,
+though very prevalent, was quite modern; and that the old Casuists,
+according to the plain suggestions of common sense, held directly the
+contrary, namely, that the less probable opinion must give way to the more
+probable.
+
+All this may be no answer to the deeper research, perhaps, of your
+enquirer,--but it may possibly be interesting to general readers, as well
+as the following refined and ingenious sophism which was used in its
+support:--They said that all agreed that you could not be wrong in using
+the more probable, best supported, {123} opinion of the two. Now, let that
+in the particular case in question be A, and the less probable B. But the
+doctrine that you may lawfully take the less probable in general is the
+more probable doctrine; meaning at that time the doctrine of the greater
+number of authorities: therefore they said, even upon your principles it is
+lawful to take B.
+
+C. B.
+
+_Old Hewson the Cobbler_ (Vol. iii., pp. 11. 73.).--The most satisfactory
+account of "old Hewson" is the following, extracted from _The Loyal
+Martyrology, by William Winstanley_, small 8vo. 1665, (p. 123.):--
+
+    "John Hewson, who, from a cobbler, rose by degrees to be a colonel, and
+    though a person of no parts either in body or mind, yet made by
+    Cromwell one of his pageant lords. He was a fellow fit for any
+    mischief, and capable of nothing else; a sordid lump of ignorance and
+    impiety, and therefore the more fit to share in Cromwell's designs, and
+    to act in that horrid murther of his Majesty. Upon the turn of the
+    times, he ran away for fear of Squire Dun [the common hangman], and (by
+    report) is since dead, and buried at Amsterdam."
+
+In the collection of songs entitled _The Rump_, 1666, may be found two
+ballads relative to Hewson, viz., "A Hymne to the Gentle Craft; or Hewson's
+Lamentation. To the tune of the Blind Beggar:"
+
+ "Listen a while to what I shall say
+  Of a blind cobbler that's gone astray
+  Out of the parliament's high way,
+      Good people pity the blind."
+
+"The Cobbler's Last Will and Testament; or the Lord Hewson's translation:"
+
+ "To Christians all, I greeting send,
+  That they may learn their souls to amend
+  By viewing, of my _cobbler's end_."
+
+Lord Hewson's "one eye" is a frequent subject of ridicule in the political
+songs of the period. Thus in "The Bloody Bed-roll, or Treason displayed in
+its Colours:"
+
+ "Make room for one-ey'd HEWSON,
+  A Lord of such account,
+   'Twas a pretty jest
+    That such a beast
+  Should to such honour mount."
+
+The song inquired for by my friend MR. CHAPELL, beginning, "My name is old
+Hewson," is not contained in any of the well-known printed collections of
+political songs and ballads, nor is it to be found among the broadsides
+preserved in the King's Pamphlets. A full index to the latter is now before
+me, so I make this statement _positively_, and to save others the trouble
+of a search.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Old Hewson and Smollett's "Strap."_--Perhaps the enclosed extract from an
+old newspaper of April, 1809, will throw some light upon this subject:
+
+    "SMOLLETT'S CELEBRATED HUGH STRAP.
+
+    "On Sunday was interred, in the burial-ground of St.
+    Martin's-in-the-Fields, the remains of Hugh Hewson, who died at the age
+    of 85. The deceased was a man of no mean celebrity. He had passed more
+    than forty years in the parish of St. Martin's, and kept a
+    hair-dresser's shop, being no less a personage than the identical _Hugh
+    Strap_, whom Dr. Smollett rendered so conspicuously interesting in his
+    life and adventures of Roderick Random. The deceased was a very
+    intelligent man, and took delight in recounting the scenes of his early
+    life. He spoke with pleasure of the time he passed in the service of
+    the Doctor; and it was his pride, as well as boast, to say, that he had
+    been educated at the same seminary with so learned and distinguished a
+    character. His shop was hung round with Latin quotations, and he would
+    frequently point out to his acquaintance the several scenes in Roderick
+    Random, pertaining to himself, which had their foundation, not in the
+    Doctor's inventive fancy, but in truth and reality. The Doctor's
+    meeting with him at a barber's shop at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the
+    subsequent mistake at the Inn, their arrival together in London, and
+    the assistance they experienced from _Strap's_ friend were all of that
+    description. The deceased, to the last, obtained a comfortable
+    subsistence by his industry, and of late years had been paid a weekly
+    salary by the inhabitants of the Adelphi, for keeping the entrances to
+    Villiers-walk, and securing the promenade from the intrusion of
+    strangers."
+
+JOHN FRANCIS.
+
+_Rodolph Gualter_ (Vol. iii., p. 8.).--From letters to and from Rodolph
+Gualter (in _Zurich_, and _Original Letters, Parker Society_) little can be
+gathered; thus much have I gleaned, that though mention is oftentimes made
+of Scotland, yet not sufficient to identify Gualter as being a native of
+that country; yet it should be observed that he dedicated his Homilies on
+the Galatians to the King of Scotland, _Zurich Letters_ (second series)
+cxviii., see also, cxxix., cxxx. These remarks may tend perchance to put
+J. C. R. on the right track for obtaining true information.
+
+N. E. R. (a Subscriber.)
+
+_Burning the Hill_ (Vol. ii., pp. 441. 498.).--The provision for _burning
+out_ a delinquent miner, contained in the Mendip mine laws, called Lord
+C. J. Choke's laws, first appeared in print in 1687; at least I can find no
+earlier notice of them in any _book_; but as the usages sanctioned by them
+are incidentally mentioned in proceedings in the Exchequer in 21 and 22
+Elizabeth, they are no doubt of early date. Article 6. certainly has a very
+sanguinary aspect; but as the thief, whose hut and tools are to be burnt,
+is himself to be "_banished_ from his occupation before the miners for
+ever," it cannot be intended that he should be himself burnt also. If any
+instance of the exercise of a {124} custom or law so clearly illegal had
+ever occurred within recent times, we should have assuredly found some
+record of it in the annals of criminal justice, as the executioner would
+infallibly have been hanged. The regulations are probably an attempt by
+some private hand to embody the local customs of the district, so far as
+regards lead mining; and they contain the substance of the usual customs
+prevalent in most metallic regions, where mines have been worked _ab
+antiquo_. The first report of the Dean Forest Commission, 1839, f. 12.,
+adverts to a similar practice among the coal and iron miners in that
+forest. It seems to be an instance of the _Droit des arsins_, or right of
+arson, formerly claimed and exercised to a considerable extent, and with
+great solemnity, in Picardy, Flanders, and other places; but I know of no
+instance in which this wild species of metallifodine justice has been
+claimed to apply to anything but the culprit's local habitation and tools
+of trade. I need not add that the custom, even with this limitation, would
+now be treated by the courts as a vulgar error, and handed over to the
+exclusive jurisdiction of the legal antiquaries and collectors of the Juris
+amoenitates.
+
+E. SMIRKE.
+
+"_Fronte capillata_," &c. (vol. iii., pp. 8. 43.).--The couplet is much
+older than G. A. S. seems to think. The author is Dionysius
+Cato,--"Catoun," as Chaucer calls him--in his book, _Distichorum de
+Moribus_, lib. ii. D. xxvi.:
+
+ "Rem tibi quam nosces aptam, dimittere noli:
+  Fronte capillata, post est Occasio calva."
+      _Corp. Poet. Lat._, Frankfurt, 1832, p. 1195.
+
+The history of this Dionysius Cato is unknown; and it has been hotly
+disputed whether he were a Heathen or Christian; but he is _at least_ as
+old as the fourth century of the Christian era, being mentioned by
+Vindicianus, chief physician in ordinary to the emperor, in a letter to
+Valentinian I., A.D. 365. In the illustrations of _The Baptistery_, Parker,
+Oxford, 1842, which are re-engraved from the originals in the _Via Vit�
+Etern�_, designed by Boetius a Bolswert, the figure of "Occasion" is always
+drawn with the hair hanging loose in front, according to the distich.
+
+E. A. D.
+
+_Time when Herodotus wrote_ (vol. ii., p. 405.; Vol. iii., p. 30.)--The
+passage in Herodotus (i. 5.) is certainly curious, and had escaped my
+notice, until pointed out by your correspondent. I am unable at present to
+refer to Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology_;
+but I doubt whether the reading of the poem or title, in Aristotle's
+_Rhetoric_ (II. 9. � 1.), has received much attention. In my forthcoming
+translation of the "Pseudo-Herodotean Life of Homer" prefixed to the
+_Odysseia_ (Bohn's _Classical Library_), note 1., I have thus given it:--
+
+    "This is the exposition of the historical researches of Herodotus of
+    _Thurium_," &c.
+
+Now Aristotle makes no remark on the passage as being unusual, and it
+therefore inclines me to think that, at the time of that philosopher and
+critic, both editions were in use.
+
+The date of the building of Thurium is B.C. 444, and Herodotus was there at
+its foundation, being then about forty years of age. Most likely he had
+published a smaller edition of this book before that time, bearing the
+original date from Halicarnassus, which he revised, _enlarged_, corrected,
+and _partly re-wrote_ at Thurium. I think this would not be difficult to
+prove; and I would add that this retouching would be found more apparent at
+the beginning of the volume than elsewhere. This may be easily accounted
+for by the feeling that modern as well as ancient authors have, viz., that
+of laziness and inertness; revising the first 100 pages carefully, but
+decreasing from that point. But to return: Later editors, I conceive,
+erased the word Thurium used by Herodotus, who was piqued and vexed at his
+native city, and substituted, or restored, Halicarnassus; not, however,
+changing the text.
+
+A learned friend of mine wished for the bibliographical history of the
+classics. I told him then, as I tell the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES"
+now, "Search for that history in the pages of the classics themselves;
+extend to them the critical spirit that is applied to our own Chaucer,
+Shakspeare, and Milton, and your trouble will not be in vain. The history
+of any book (that is the general history of the gradual development of its
+ideas) is written in its own pages." In truth, the prose classics deserve
+as much attention as the poems of Homer.
+
+KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+January 20. 1851.
+
+_Herstmonceux Castle_ (Vol. ii., p. 477.).--E. V. asks for an explanation
+of certain entries in the Fine Rolls, A.D. 1199 and 1205, which I can, in
+part, supply. The first is a fine for having seisin of the lands of the
+deceased mother of the two suitors, William de Warburton and Ingelram de
+Monceaux. As they claim as joint-heirs or parceners, the land must have
+been subject to partibility, and therefore of socage tenure. If the land
+was not in Kent, the entry is a proof that the exclusive right of
+primogeniture was not then universally established, as we know it was not
+in the reign of Henry II. See _Glanville_, lib. vii. cap. 3.
+
+The next entry records the fine paid for suing out a writ _de rationabili
+parte_ against (_versus_) one of the above coheirs. The demandant is either
+the same coheir named above, viz. Ingelram, altered by a clerical error
+into Waleram,--such errors being of common occurrence, sometimes from
+oscitancy, and sometimes because the clerk had to guess at the extended
+form of a contracted name,--or he is a descendant and heir of Ingelram,
+{125} claiming the share of his ancestor. I incline to adopt the former
+explanation of the two here suggested. The form of writ is in the Register
+of Writs, and corresponds exactly with the abridged note of it in the Fine
+Roll. The "esnecia," mentioned in the last entry (not extracted by E. V.),
+is the majorat or senior heir's perquisite of the capital mansion. E. V.
+will pardon me for saying, that his translation of the passages is a little
+deficient in exactness. As to E. V.'s query 4., does he think it worth
+while to go further in search of a reason for calling the bedroom floor of
+Herstmonceux Castle by the name of _Bethlem_, when the early spelling and
+common and constant pronunciation of the word supply so plausible an
+explanation? I myself knew, in my earliest days, a house where that
+department was constantly so nicknamed. But there certainly _may_ be a more
+recondite origin of the name; and something may depend on the date at which
+he finds it first applied.
+
+E. SMIRKE.
+
+_Camden and Curwen Families_ (Vol. iii., p. 89.).--Camden's mother was
+Elizabeth, daughter of Gyles Curwen, of Poulton Hall, in the county of
+Lancaster. In the "visitation" of Lancashire made in 1613, it is stated
+that this Gyles Curwen was "descended from Curwen of Workenton in co.
+Cumberland;" but the descent is not given, and I presume it rests merely on
+tradition.
+
+LLEWELLYN.
+
+_Joan Sanderson, or the Cushion Dance_ (Vol. ii., p. 517.).--Your
+correspondent MAC asks for the "correct date" of the _Cushion Dance_.
+Searching out the history and origin of an old custom or ballad is like
+endeavouring to ascertain the source and flight of December's snow. I am
+afraid MAC will not obtain what he now wishes for.
+
+The _earliest_ mention, that I have noticed, of this popular old dance
+occurs in Heywood's play, _A Woman kill'd with Kindness_, 1600. Nicholas,
+one of the characters, says:
+
+    "I have, ere now, deserved a cushion: call for the _Cushion Dance_."
+
+The musical notes are preserved in _The English Dancing Master_, 1686; in
+_The Harmonicon_, a musical journal; in Davies Gilbert's _Christmas Carols_
+(2nd edition); and in Chappell's _National English Melodies_. In the
+first-named work it is called "Joan Sanderson, or the Cushion Dance, an old
+Round Dance."
+
+In a curious collection of old songs and tunes, _Neder-Landtsche
+Gedenck-clank door Adrianum Valerium_, printed at Haerlem in 1626, is
+preserved a tune called "Sweet Margaret," which, upon examination, proves
+to be the same as the _Cushion Dance_. This favourite dance was well known
+in Holland in the early part of the seventeenth century, and an interesting
+engraving of it may be seen in the _Emblems_ of John de Brunnes, printed at
+Amsterdam in 1624.
+
+The last-named work (a copy of the edition of 1661 of which is now before
+me) is exceedingly curious to the lovers of our popular sports and
+pastimes. The engravings are by William Pass, C. Blon, &c., and among them
+are representations of Kiss in the Ring, the game of Forfeits, rolling
+Snow-balls, the Interior of a Barber's Shop, with citherns and lutes
+hanging against the wall, for the use of the customers, &c.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_North Sides of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., p. 93.).--In an appendix to our
+registers I find the following entry, where I conceive the _backside_ means
+the northside. Though now the whole of our churchyard is so full that we
+have much difficulty in finding any new ground, what we do find, however,
+is on the north side.
+
+    "1750, Oct. 23. One Mary Davies, of Pentrobin, single woman, though
+    excommunicated with the _Greater Excommunication_, was on this day,
+    _within night_, on account of some particular circumstances alleged by
+    neighbours of credit in her favour (as to her resolving to come and
+    reconcile herself, and do penance if she recovered), indulged by being
+    interred on the _backside_ the church, but no service or tolling
+    allowed."
+
+From this I conclude that _here_ at least there was no part of the
+churchyard left unconsecrated for the burial of persons excommunicate, as
+one of your correspondents suggests; or burial in such place would have
+been no indulgence, as evidently it was regarded in this case. It would be
+interesting to ascertain from accredited instances _how late_ this power of
+excommunication has been _exercised_, and thereby how long it has really
+been in abeyance. I expect the period would not be found so great as is
+generally imagined.
+
+WALDEGRAVE BREWSTER.
+
+_Antiquitas S�culi Juventus Mundi_ (Vol. ii., p. 466.).--Dugald Stewart, in
+his Dissertation prefixed to the _Encyclop�dia Britannica_, ed. 7., p. 30.,
+points out two passages of writers anterior to Lord Bacon, in which this
+thought occurs. The first is in his namesake, Roger Bacon, who died in
+1292:
+
+    "Quanto juniores tanto perspicaciores, quia juniores posteriores
+    successione temporum ingrediuntor labores priorum."--_Opus Majus_, p.
+    9. ed. Jebb.
+
+The _Opus Majus_ of Roger Bacon was not, however, printed until the last
+century, and could not have been known to Lord Bacon unless he had read it
+in manuscript.
+
+The second is from Ludovicus Vives, _De Caus. Corrupt. Art._, lib. i., of
+which Mr. Stewart gives the following version:--
+
+    "The similitude which many have fancied between the superiority of the
+    moderns to the ancients, and the elevation of a dwarf on the back of a
+    giant, is {126} altogether false and puerile. Neither were they giants,
+    nor are we dwarfs, but all of us men of the same standard; and _we_,
+    the taller of the two, by adding their height to our own. Provided
+    always that we do not yield to them in study, attention, vigilance, and
+    love of truth; for if these qualities be wanting, so far from mounting
+    on the giant's shoulders, we throw away the advantages of our own just
+    stature, by remaining prostrate on the ground."
+
+Ludovicus Vives, the eminent Spanish writer, died in 1540, and therefore
+preceded the active period of Lord Bacon's mind by about half a century.
+
+Mr. Stewart likewise cites the following sentences of Seneca, which,
+however, can hardly be said to contain the germ of this thought:--
+
+    "Veniet tempus quo ista qu� nunc latent, in lucem dies extrahet, et
+    longioris �vi diligentia.... Veniet tempus, quo posteri nostri tam
+    aperta nos nescisse mirabuntur."--_Qu�st. Nat._ viii. 25.
+
+L.
+
+_Umbrella_ (Vol. i., p. 414.; Vol. ii., pp. 25. 93. 126. 346. 491. 523.;
+Vol. iii., p. 37.).--Although I conceive that ample proof has been given in
+your columns that umbrellas were generally known at an earlier period than
+had been commonly supposed, yet the following additional facts may not
+perhaps be unacceptable to your readers.
+
+In Bailey's _Dictionary_, vol. i. (8th edit. 1737), are these articles:--
+
+    "PARASOL, a sort of small canopy or umbrella, to keep off the rain."
+
+    "UMBELLA, _a little shadow_; an umbrella, bon-grace, skreen-fan, &c.,
+    which women bear in their hands to shade them."
+
+    "UMBELLIFORUS _Plants_ [among _botanists_]. Plants which have round
+    tufts, or small stalks standing upon greater; or have their tops
+    branched and spread like a lady's _umbrella_."
+
+    "UMBRELLO [_Ombrelle_, F.; _Ombrella_, Ital. of _Umbrella_, or
+    _Umbrecula_, L.], a sort of skreen that is held over the head for
+    preserving from the sun or rain; also a wooden frame covered with cloth
+    or stuff, to keep off the sun from a window."
+
+In Bailey's _Dictionary_, vol. ii. (3rd edit. 1737), is the following:--
+
+    "UMBELLATED [_Umbellatus_, L.]; bossed. In _botan. writ._ is said of
+    flowers when many of them grow together, disposed somewhat like an
+    _umbrella_. The make is a sort of broad, roundish surface of the whole,
+    &c. &c."
+
+Horace Walpole (_Memoirs of the Reign of George II._, vol. iii. p. 153.),
+narrating the punishment of Dr. Shebbeare for a libel, 5th December, 1758,
+says,--
+
+    "The man stood in the pillory, having a footman holding an umbrella to
+    keep off the rain."
+
+In Burrow's _Reports_ (vol. ii. p. 792.), is an account of the proceedings
+in the Court of King's Bench against Arthur Beardmore, under-sheriff of
+Middlesex, for contempt of court in remitting part of the sentence on Dr.
+Shebbeare. The affidavits produced by the Attorney-General stated--
+
+    "That the defendant only stood _upon the_ platform of the pillory,
+    unconfined, and at his ease, attended by a _servant_ in _livery_ (which
+    servant and livery were hired for this occasion only) holding an
+    umbrella over his head, all the time:"
+
+and Mr. Justice Dennison, in pronouncing sentence on Beardmore, did not
+omit to allude to the umbrella.
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge, January 25. 1851.
+
+_Form of Prayer at the Healing_ (Vol. iii., p. 42.).--A copy of this
+service of an earlier date than those mentioned is before me. It was
+printed in folio at the Hague, 1650; and is appended to "a Form of Prayer
+used in King Charles II.'s Chappel upon _Tuesdays_, in the times of his
+trouble and distress." Charles I. was executed on that day of the week.
+
+J. H. M.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+"Thoughts take up no room," saith Jeremy Collier, in a curious passage
+which Mr. Elmes has adopted as the motto of a pretty little volume, which
+he has just put forth under the following characteristic title: _Hor�
+Vaciv�, a Thought-book of the Wise Spirits of all Ages and all Countries,
+fit for all Men and all Hours_. The work appears to have furnished a source
+of occupation to its editor when partially recovering from a deprivation of
+sight. It is well described by him as a "Spicilegium of golden thoughts of
+wise spirits, who, though dead, yet speak;" and being printed in
+Whittingham's quaintest style, and suitably bound, this Thought-book is as
+externally tempting as it is intrinsically valuable.
+
+_The Calendar of the Anglican Church Illustrated, with Brief Accounts of
+the Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names, or whose Images are
+most frequently met with in England; the Early Christian and Medi�val
+Symbols; and an Index of Emblems_, is sufficiently described in its
+title-page. The editor very properly explains that the work is of an
+arch�ological, not of a theological character--and as such it is certainly
+one which English arch�ologists and ecclesiologists have long wanted. The
+editor, while judiciously availing himself of the labours of Alt, Radowitz,
+Didron, and other foreign writers, has not spared his own, having, with the
+view to one portion of it, compiled a list of all the churches in England,
+with the saints after whom they were named. This is sufficient to show that
+the work is one of research, and consequently of value; that value being
+materially increased by the numerous woodcuts admirably engraved by Mr. O.
+Jewitt, with which it is illustrated.
+
+_Books Received._--_Helena, The Physician's Orphan_. The third number of
+Mrs. Clarke's interesting series of tales, entitled, _The Girlhood of
+Shakspeare's Heroines_. {127} _Every-day Wonders, or Facts in Physiology
+which all should know:_ a very successful endeavour to present a few of the
+truths of that science which treats of the structure of the human body, and
+of the adaptation of the external world to it in such a form as that they
+be readily apprehended. Great pains have been taken that the information
+imparted should be accurate; and it is made more intelligible by means of
+some admirable woodcuts.
+
+_Catalogues Received._--John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) No. 18. of
+Catalogues of Books Old and New; J. Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street)
+Catalogue Part II. of an Extensive Collection of Choice, Useful, and
+Curious Books.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+RECHERCHES HISTORIQUES SUR LES CONGR�GATIONS HOSPITALIERS DES FR�RES
+PONTIFES. A. GR�GOIRE. Paris, 1818, 8vo. 72 pp.
+
+SEPULCHRAL MEMORIALS OF A MARKET TOWN, by DAWSON TURNER. Yarmouth, 1848.
+
+STEPHEN'S CENTRAL AMERICA, 2 vols. 8vo. plates.
+
+WHARTONI ANGLIA SACRA. The best edition.
+
+NOVUM TESTAMENTUM GR. Ex recensione Greisbach, cum var. lect. 4 vols. 4to.
+Leipsic, 1806 or 1803. Engraved Frontispiece.
+
+LARDNER ON THE TRINITY.
+
+GOODRIDGE, JOHN, THE PHOENIX; or, Reasons for believing that the Comet, &c.
+London, 1781, 8vo.
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_We have many articles in type which we are compelled, by want of space, to
+postpone until next week, when the publication of our double number will
+enable us to insert many interesting communications which are only waiting
+for room._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED. _St. Pancras--Daresbury--Plafery--Touching for the
+Evil--Munchausen--Cold Harbour--Landwade Church--Bacon and Fagan--Soul's
+Dark Cottage--Fine by Degrees--Simon Bache--Away let nought--Mythology of
+the Stars--Adur--Burying in Church Walls--Sir Clowdesley Shovel--Lynch
+Law--Cardinal's Monument--Inns of Court--True
+Blue--Averia--Dragons--Brandon the Juggler--Words are Men's
+Daughters--Sonnet by Milton--Dryden's Essay upon Satire--Ring Dials--Sir
+Hilary--Arthur Massinger--Cranmer's Descendants--Post Conquestum--Prince of
+Wales' Feathers--Verbum Gr�cum--Visions of Hell--Musical Plagiarism--Lady
+Bingham--Cockade--Saint Paul's Clock--By and by--Aristophanes on the Modern
+Stage._
+
+LITURGICUS, _who writes on the subject of the letters_ M. _and_ N. _in the
+Catechism and Marriage Service, is referred to our First Volume, pp._ 415.
+_and_ 468.
+
+F. M. B. Hicks' Hall _was so called from its builder, Sir Baptist Hicks,
+afterwards Viscount Camden; and the name of the_ Old Bailey, _says Stow,
+"is likely to have arisen of some Count of old time there kept."--See
+Cunningham's_ Handbook of London.
+
+K. R. H. M. _received_.
+
+E. T. (Liverpool). _We propose to issue a volume similar to our first and
+second, at the termination of every half-year._
+
+E. S. T. T. _For origin of_
+
+ "Tempora mutantur," &c.,
+
+_see our First Volume, pp._ 234. 419.
+
+GEORGE PETIT. _The book called_ Eleganti� Latin�, _published under the name
+of the learned Joh. Meursius, was written by Chorier of Grenoble. Meursius
+had no share in it_.
+
+H. A. R. _Much information concerning the general and social condition of
+Lunatics before 1828 will be found in Reports of Committees of House of
+Commons of 1815, 1816, and 1827, and of the House of Lords of 1828._
+
+A. C. P. _The explanation furnished is one about which there can be no
+doubt, but for obvious reasons we do not insert it._
+
+K. R. H. M. _We cannot promise until we see the article; but, if brief, we
+shall have every disposition to insert it._
+
+C. H. P. _Surely there is no doubt that Lord Howard of Effingham, who
+commanded the Armada, was a Protestant._
+
+VOLUME THE SECOND OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with very copious_ INDEX, _is now
+ready, price_ 9s. 6d. _strongly bound in cloth_. VOL. I. _is reprinted, and
+may also be had at the same price_.
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
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+aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND
+QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels_.
+
+_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be
+addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
+
+_Erratum_.--No. 65. p. 67. col. 2. l. 12., for "me_l_t" read "me_e_t."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+MR. T. RICHARDS (late of St. Martin's Lane), PRINTER and Agent to the PERCY
+and HAKLUYT SOCIETIES, has removed to 37. Great Queen Street,
+Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, where he respectfully requests all Letters may be
+addressed to him.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Whereshall we go this morning? Such is usually the query over the breakfast
+table with visitors to London. Let us answer the question. If you can
+admire the most beautiful specimens of PAPIER MACHE MANUFACTURE which are
+produced in this country, displayed in the most attractive forms--if you
+want a handsome or useful dressing-case, work-box, or writing-desk, if you
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+4. Leadenhall-street, near the India-house, in whose show-rooms you may
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Messrs. Hope and Co.'s New Publications.
+
+I.
+
+FAC-SIMILE AUTOGRAPH LETTERS of JUNIUS, LORD CHESTERFIELD, and MRS.
+DAGRALLES; shewing that the Wife of Mr. Solomon Dagralles was the
+Amanuensis employed in copying the Letters of Junius for the Printer. With
+a Postscript to the first essay on Junius and his works. By WILLIAM CRAMP,
+author of the "Philosophy of Language." Price 2_s_.
+
+II.
+
+THE STATESMAN'S PORTFOLIO AND PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW: Consisting of Original
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+WESTMINSTER AND DR. WISEMAN; or, FACTS _v._ FICTION. By WILLIAM PAGE WOOD,
+Esq., M.P., Q.C. Reprinted from _The Times_, with an Advertisement on the
+subject of the WESTMINSTER SPIRITUAL AID FUND, and more especially on the
+Duty and Justice of applying the Revenues of the suspended Stalls of the
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+Second Edition, with an Appendix.
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+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; Messrs. RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's
+Church-yard, and Waterloo Place; and THOMAS HATCHARD, 187. Piccadilly; and
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+THE CALENDAR OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH ILLUSTRATED. With brief Accounts of the
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+frequently met with in England; the early Christian and Medi�val Symbols;
+and an Index of Emblems. With numerous Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo. 10s. 6d.
+
+    "It is perhaps hardly necessary to observe that this work is of an
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+THE FAMILY ALMANACK and EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for the YEAR of OUR LORD 1851.
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+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 68, February
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+    <title>
+      Notes And Queries, Issue 68.
+    </title>
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 68, February 15,
+1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 68, February 15, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: September 16, 2007 [EBook #22639]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<p><!-- Page 113 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page113"></a>{113}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 68.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, February 15. 1851.</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Threepence.<br />Stamped Edition 4d.</b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Defence of the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots, by J. Payne
+      Collier</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page113">113</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>"De Navorscher," by Bolton Corney</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page114">114</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>A Bidding at Weddings in Wales, by W. Spurrell</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page114">114</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Coleridge's "Religious Musings"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page115">115</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Folk Lore:&mdash;Lammer Beads&mdash;Engraved
+      Warming-pans&mdash;Queen Elizabeth's Christening Cloth</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page115">115</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Minor Notes:&mdash;The Breeches Bible&mdash;Origin of the present
+      Race of English&mdash;True Blue&mdash;"By Hook or by
+      Crook"&mdash;Record of Existing Monuments</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page115">115</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Five Queries and Notes on Books, Men, and Authors</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page117">117</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Minor Queries:&mdash;The Witches' Prayer&mdash;Water-buckets given
+      to Sheriffs&mdash;A Cracow Pike&mdash;Meaning of
+      Waste-book&mdash;Machell's MS. Collections for Westmoreland and
+      Cumberland&mdash;Decking Churches at Christmas&mdash;Coinage of
+      Germany&mdash;Titles of Peers who are Bishops&mdash;At Sixes and
+      Sevens&mdash;Shaking Hands&mdash;George
+      Steevens&mdash;Extradition&mdash;Singing of Metrical Psalms and Hymns
+      in Churches&mdash;Ormonde Portraits&mdash;Tradescant&mdash;Arthur's
+      Seat and Salisbury Craigs&mdash;Lincoln Missal</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page118">118</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Meaning of Eisell, by Samuel Hickson and S. W. Singer</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page119">119</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Descent of Henry IV.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page120">120</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Fossil Elk of Ireland</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page121">121</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Replies to Minor Queries:&mdash;Coverdale
+      Bible&mdash;Epitaph&mdash; Probabilism&mdash;Old Hewson the
+      Cobbler&mdash;Rodolph Gualter&mdash;Burning the Hill&mdash;"Fronte
+      capillata," &amp;c.&mdash;Time when Herodotus
+      wrote&mdash;Herstmonceux Castle&mdash;Camden and Curwen
+      Families&mdash;Joan Sanderson, or the Cushion Dance&mdash;North Sides
+      of Churchyards&mdash;"Antiquitas S�culi Juventus
+      Mundi"&mdash;Umbrella&mdash;Form of Prayer at the Healing</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page122">122</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page126">126</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page127">127</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page127">127</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Advertisements</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page127">127</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>DEFENCE OF THE EXECUTION OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS.</h3>
+
+  <p>Allow me to supply a deficiency in my last volume of <i>Extracts from
+  the Registers of the Stationers' Company</i>, printed by the Shakspeare
+  Society. It occurs at p. 224., in reference to an entry of 11th Feb.,
+  1587, in the following terms:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"John Wyndett. Lycensed alsoe to him, under the B. of London hand and
+  Mr. Denham, An Analogie or Resemblance betweene Johane, Queene of Naples,
+  and Marye, Queene of Scotland."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In the note appended to this entry I point out a mistake by Herbert
+  (ii. 1126. of his <i>History of Printing</i>), who fancied that the
+  <i>Defence of the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots</i>, and Kyffin's
+  <i>Blessedness of Britain</i>, were the same work; and I add that "the
+  <i>Analogy</i> here entered is not recorded among the productions of John
+  Windet's press." This is true; but Mr. David Laing, of Edinburgh, has
+  kindly taken the trouble to send me, all the way from Scotland, a very
+  rare volume, which proves that the <i>Analogy</i> in question was printed
+  by Windet in consequence of the registration, and that it was, in fact,
+  part of a volume which that printer put forth under the following
+  title:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A Defence of the Honorable Sentence of Execution of the Queene of
+  Scots: exampled with Analogies, and Diverse Presidents of Emperors,
+  Kings, and Popes. With the Opinions of learned Men in the Point, &amp;c.;
+  together with the Answere to certaine Objections made by the favourites
+  of the late Scottish Queene, &amp;c. At London, printed by John
+  Windet."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It has no date: but it may be supplied by the entry at Stationer's
+  Hall, and by the subject of the volume. The first chapter of the work is
+  headed "An Analogie or Resemblance betweene Ione, queene of Naples, and
+  Marie, queene of Scotland," which are the terms of the entry; and the
+  probability seems to be, that when Windet took, or sent, it to be
+  licensed, the book had no other title, and that the clerk adopted the
+  heading of the first chapter as that of the whole volume. It consists, in
+  fact, of eight chapters, besides a "conclusion," and a sort of
+  supplement, with distinct signatures (beginning with D, and possibly
+  originally forming part of some other work), of Babington's letter to
+  Mary, her letter to Babington, the heads of a letter from Mary to
+  Bernardin Mendoza, and "points" out of other letters, subscribed by
+  Curle. The whole is a very interesting collection in relation to the
+  history and end of Mary Queen of Scots; but nobody who had not seen the
+  book could be aware that the entry in the Stationers' Registers, of
+  "<i>An Analogie</i>," &amp;c., applied to this general <i>Defence</i> of
+  her execution. The manner in which the "analogy" is made out may be seen
+  by the two first paragraphs, which your readers may like to see
+  quoted:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Ione, Queene of Naples, being in love with the Duke of Tarent, caused
+  her husband Andrasius (or, as <!-- Page 114 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page114"></a>{114}</span>some terme him, Andreas), King of Naples
+  (whom she little favoured), to be strangled, in the yeare of our Lord God
+  1348."</p>
+
+  <p>"Marie, Queene of Scotland, being (as appeareth by the Chronicles of
+  Scotlande and hir owne letters) in love with the Earle of Bothwell,
+  caused hir husband, Henrie Lorde Darley, King of Scotland (whome she made
+  small account of long time before) to be strangled, and the house where
+  he lodged, called Kirk of Fielde, to be blowen up with gunpowder, the
+  10th of Februarie in the yeare of our Lord God 1567."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In this way the analogy is pursued through twelve pages; but, for my
+  present purpose, it is not necessary to extract more of it. I beg leave
+  publicly to express my thanks to Mr. Laing for thus enabling me to
+  furnish information which I should have been glad to supply, had it been
+  in my power, when I prepared volume ii. of <i>Extracts from the
+  Stationers' Registers</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Payne Collier</span>.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>DE NAVORSCHER.</h3>
+
+  <p>An idea recorded in 1841, is to be realized in 1851&mdash;which
+  promises, in various ways, to be the <i>annus mirabilis</i>!</p>
+
+  <p>In an appeal to residents at Paris for a transcript of certain
+  inedited notes on Jean Paul Marana, which are preserved in the
+  <i>biblioth�que royale</i>, I made this remark:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"If men of letters, of whatever nation, were more disposed to
+  interchange commodities in such a manner, the beneficial effects of it in
+  promoting mutual riches, would soon become visible."&mdash;<i>Gent.
+  Mag.</i> <span class="scac">XV.</span> 270. <span
+  class="scac">N.&nbsp;S.</span></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The appeal was unsuccessful, and I could not but ascribe the failure
+  of it to the want of a convenient channel of communication. A remedy is
+  now provided&mdash;thanks to the example set at home, and the
+  enterprising spirit of Mr. Frederik Muller of Amsterdam.</p>
+
+  <p>We contemplate Holland as the school of classical and oriental
+  literature, and as the <i>studio</i> of painters and engravers; we admire
+  her delicate Elzevirs and her magnificent folios; we commend her for the
+  establishment of public libraries, <i>made available by printed
+  catalogues</i>; we do justice to the discoveries of her early navigators;
+  but we had scarcely heard of her vernacular literature before the
+  publications of Bosworth, and Bowring.</p>
+
+  <p>As M. Van Kampen observes, "La lit�rature hollandaise est presque
+  inconnue aux �trangers � cause de la langue peu r�pandue qui lui sert
+  d'organe." Under such circumstances it may be presumed that many a query
+  will now be made, and many a new fact elicited. We may expect, by the
+  means of <i>De Navorscher</i>, the further gratification of rational
+  curiosity, and the improvement of historical and bibliographic
+  literature.</p>
+
+  <p>In assuming that some slight credit may be due to one who gives public
+  expression to a novel and plausible idea, it may become me to declare
+  that I renounce all claim to the substantial merit of having devised the
+  means of carrying it into effect.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bolton Corney</span>.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>A BIDDING AT WEDDINGS IN WALES.</h3>
+
+  <p>The practice of "making a bidding" and sending "bidding letters," of
+  which the following is a specimen, is so general in most parts of Wales,
+  that printers usually keep the form in type, and make alteration in it as
+  occasion requires. The custom is confined to servants and mechanics in
+  towns; but in the country, farmers of the humbler sort make biddings. Of
+  late years tea parties have in Carmarthen been substituted for the
+  bidding; but persons attending pay for what they get, and so incur no
+  obligation; but givers at a bidding are expected and generally do return
+  "all gifts of the above nature whenever called for on a similar
+  occasion." When a bidding is made, it is usual for a large procession to
+  accompany the young couple to church, and thence to the house where the
+  bidding is held. Accompanying is considered an addition to the obligation
+  conferred by the gift. I have seen, I dare say, six hundred persons in a
+  wedding procession, and have been in one or two myself (when a child).
+  The men walk together and the women together to church; but in returning
+  they walk in pairs, or often in trios, one man between two women. The
+  last time I was at such a wedding I had three strapping wenches attached
+  to my person. In the country they ride, and generally there is a
+  desperate race home to the bidding, where you would be surprised to see a
+  comely lass, with Welsh hat on head and ordinary dress, often take the
+  lead of fifty or a hundred smart fellows over rough roads that would
+  shake your Astley riders out of their seats and propriety.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p class="author">"Carmarthen, October 2. 1850.
+
+  <p>"As we intend to enter the Matrimonial State, on Tuesday, the 22nd of
+  October instant, we are encouraged by our Friends to make a Bidding on
+  the occasion the same day, at the New Market House, near the Market
+  Place; when and where the favour of your good and agreeable company is
+  respectfully solicited, and whatever donation you may be pleased to
+  confer on us then, will be thankfully received, warmly acknowledged, and
+  cheerfully repaid whenever called for on a similar occasion,</p>
+
+  <p class="author">By your most obedient Servants,<br /><span class="sc">Henry Jones</span>,<br />(Shoemaker,)<br /><span class="sc">Eliza Davies</span>.
+
+  <p>"The Young Man, his Father (John Jones, Shoemaker), his Sister (Mary
+  Jones), his Grandmother (Nurse Jones), his Uncle and Aunt (George Jones,
+  <!-- Page 115 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page115"></a>{115}</span>Painter, and Mary, his wife), and his Aunt
+  (Elizabeth Rees), desire that all gifts due to them be returned to the
+  Young Man on the above day, and will be thankful for all additional
+  favours.</p>
+
+  <p>"The Young Woman, her Father and Mother (Evan Davies, Pig-drover, and
+  Margaret, his wife), and her Brother and Sisters (John, Hannah, Jane, and
+  Anne Davies), desire that all gifts of the above nature due to them be
+  returned to the Young Woman on the above day, and will be thankful for
+  all additional favours conferred."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Spurrell</span>.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>COLERIDGE'S "RELIGIOUS MUSINGS."</h3>
+
+  <p>Some readers of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" may be
+  interested in a reading of a few lines in this poem which varies from
+  that given in Pickering's edition of the <i>Poems</i>, 1844. In that
+  edition the verses I refer to stand thus (p. 69):</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"For in his own, and in his Father's might,</p>
+      <p>The Saviour comes! While as the Thousand Years</p>
+      <p>Lead up their mystic dance, the Desert shouts!</p>
+      <p>Old Ocean claps his hands! The mighty Dead</p>
+      <p>Rise to new life, whoe'er from earliest time</p>
+      <p>With conscious zeal had urged Love's wondrous plan,</p>
+      <p>Coadjutors of God."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I happen to be in possession of these lines as originally written, in
+  Coleridge's own hand, on a detached piece of paper. It will be seen that
+  they have been much altered in the printed edition above cited. I am now
+  copying from Coleridge's autograph:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"For in his own, and in his Father's Might,</p>
+      <p>Heaven blazing in his train, the <span class="sc">Saviour</span> comes!</p>
+      <p>To solemn symphonies of Truth and Love</p>
+      <p>The <span class="sc">Thousand Years</span> lead up their mystic dance.</p>
+      <p>Old Ocean claps his hands, the Desert shouts,</p>
+      <p>And vernal Breezes wafting seraph sounds</p>
+      <p>Melt the prim�val North. The Mighty Dead</p>
+      <p>Rise from their tombs, whoe'e[r] from earliest time</p>
+      <p>With conscious zeal had aided the vast plan</p>
+      <p>Of Love Almighty."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The variations of the printed poem from this MS. fragment appear to me
+  of sufficient importance to warrant my supposition that many readers and
+  admirers of Coleridge may be glad to have the original text restored.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. G. T.
+
+  <p>Launceston.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Lammer Beads</i>&mdash;Lammer, or Lama beads are so called from an
+  order of priests of that name among the western Tartars. The Lamas are
+  extremely superstitious, and pretend to magic. Amber was in high repute
+  as a charm during the plague of London, and was worn by prelates of the
+  Church. John Baptist Van Helmont (<i>Ternary of Paradoxes</i>, London,
+  1650) says, that</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A translucid piece of amber rubbed on the jugular artery, on the hand
+  wrists, near the instep, and on the throne of the heart, and then hung
+  about the neck,"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>was a most certain preventative of (if not a cure for) the plague; the
+  profound success of which Van Helmont attributes to its magnetic or
+  sympathetic virtue.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Blowen</span>.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p><i>Engraved Warming-pans</i>.&mdash;Allow me to add another
+  illustration to the list furnished by H.&nbsp;G.&nbsp;T., p. 84. One which I
+  purchased a few years ago of a cottager at Shotover, in Oxfordshire, has
+  the royal arms surmounted by C.&nbsp;R., and surrounded by</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p><span class="scac">"FEARE GOD HONNOR Y<sup>E</sup> KING,
+  1662."</span></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The lid and pan are of brass, the handle of iron.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. B. Price</span>.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p><i>Queen Elizabeth's Christening Cloth</i>.&mdash;The mention (in the
+  first No. of your 3rd Vol.) of some damasked linen which belonged to
+  James II. reminds me of a relic which I possess, and the description of
+  which may interest some of your readers.</p>
+
+  <p>It is the half of Queen Elizabeth's christening cloth, which came into
+  my possession through a Mrs. Goodwin. A scrap of paper which accompanies
+  it gives the following account of it:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It was given by an old lady to Mrs. Goodwin; she obtained it from one
+  of the Strafford family, who was an attendant upon the Queen. The other
+  half Mrs. Goodwin has seen at High Fernby, in Yorkshire, a place
+  belonging to the family of the Rooks, in high preservation. In its
+  original state, it was lined with a rose-coloured lutestring, with a
+  flounce of the same about a quarter deep. The old lady being very
+  notable, found some use for the silk, and used to cover the china which
+  stood in the best parlour with this remains of antiquity."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The christening cloth is of a thread net, worked in with blue and
+  yellow silk, and gold cord. It must have been once very handsome, but is
+  now somewhat the worse for wear and time. It is about 2� feet wide and 3�
+  feet in length, so that the entire length must have been about 7
+  feet.</p>
+
+  <p>Can any one inform me whether the remaining half of this interesting
+  relic <span class="scac">STILL</span> exists; as the notice attached to
+  it, and mentioning its locality, must now be fifty years old at
+  least?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. A. B.
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>The Breeches Bible</i>.&mdash;The able and interesting article on
+  the Breeches Bible which appeared in a late number of "<span
+  class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" (Vol. iii., p. 17.) is calculated to
+  remove the deep-rooted popular error which affixes great pecuniary value
+  to <!-- Page 116 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page116"></a>{116}</span>every edition of the Bible in which the
+  words "made themselves breeches" are to be found, by showing that such
+  Bibles are generally only worth about as many shillings as they are
+  supposed to be worth pounds. It is worth noting, with reference to this
+  translation, that in the valuable early English version, known as
+  Wickliffe's Bible, just published by the university of Oxford, the
+  passage in Genesis (cap. iii. v. 7.) is translated "thei soweden togidre
+  leeues of a fige tree and maden hem brechis."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Effessa.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Origin of the present Race of English.</i>&mdash;In Southey's
+  <i>Letters of Espriella</i> (Letter xxiv., p. 274., 3rd edit.), there is
+  a remark, that the dark hair of the English people, as compared with the
+  Northern Germans, seems to indicate a considerable admixture of southern
+  blood. Now, in all modern ethnological works, this fact of present
+  complexion seems to be entirely overlooked. But it is a fact, and
+  deserves attention. Either it is the effect of climate, in which case the
+  moral as well as the physical man must have altered from the original
+  stock, or it arises from there being more "ungerman" blood flowing in
+  English veins than is acknowledged. May I hazard a few conjectures?</p>
+
+  <p>1. Are we not apt to underrate the number of Romanised Celts remaining
+  in England after the Saxon Conquest? The victors would surely enslave a
+  vast multitude, and marry many Celtic women; while those who fled at the
+  first danger would gradually return to their old haunts. Under such
+  circumstances, that the language should have been changed is no
+  wonder.</p>
+
+  <p>2. Long before the Norman Conquest there was a great intercourse
+  between England and France, and many settlers from the latter country
+  came over here. This, by the way, may account for that gradual change of
+  the Anglo-Saxon language mentioned as observable prior to the
+  Conquest.</p>
+
+  <p>3. The army of the Conqueror was recruited from all parts of France,
+  and was not simply Norman. When the men who composed it came into
+  possession of this country, they clearly must have sent home for their
+  wives and families; and many who took no part in the invasion no doubt
+  came to share the spoils. Taking this into account, we shall find the
+  Norman part of the population to have borne no small proportion to the
+  <i>then</i> inhabitants of England. It is important to bear in mind the
+  probable increase of population since 1066 <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Terra Martis.</span>
+
+  <p><i>True Blue.</i>&mdash;I find the following account of this phrase in
+  my note-book, but I cannot at present say whence I obtained
+  it:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The first assumption of the phrase 'true blue' was by the Covenanters
+  in opposition to the scarlet badge of Charles I., and hence it was taken
+  by the troops of Leslie in 1639. The adoption of the colour was one of
+  those religious pedantries in which the Covenanters affected a
+  Pharisaical observance of the scriptural letter and the usages of the
+  Hebrews; and thus, as they named their children Habakkuk and Zerubbabel,
+  and their chapels Zion and Ebenezer, they decorated their persons with
+  blue ribbons because the following sumptuary precept was given in the law
+  of Moses:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>"'Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them to make to themselves
+  fringes on the borders of their garments, putting in them ribbons of
+  blue.'"&mdash;<i>Numb.</i> xv. 38.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">E. L. N.
+
+  <p>"<i>By Hook or by Crook.</i>"&mdash;The destruction caused by the Fire
+  of London, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1666, during which some 13,200
+  houses, &amp;c., were burnt down, in very many cases obliterated all the
+  boundary-marks requisite to determine the extent of land, and even the
+  very sites occupied by buildings, previously to this terrible visitation.
+  When the rubbish was removed, and the land cleared, the disputes and
+  entangled claims of those whose houses had been destroyed, both as to the
+  position and extent of their property, promised not only interminable
+  occupation to the courts of law, but made the far more serious evil of
+  delaying the rebuilding of the city, until these disputes were settled,
+  inevitable. Impelled by the necessity of coming to a more speedy
+  settlement of their respective claims than could be hoped for from legal
+  process, it was determined that the claims and interests of all persons
+  concerned should be referred to the judgment and decision of two of the
+  most experienced land-surveyors of that day,&mdash;men who had been
+  thoroughly acquainted with London previously to the fire; and in order to
+  escape from the numerous and vast evils which mere delay must occasion,
+  that the decision of these two arbitrators should be final and binding.
+  The surveyors appointed to determine the rights of the various claimants
+  were Mr. Hook and Mr. Crook, who by the justice of their decisions gave
+  general satisfaction to the interested parties, and by their speedy
+  determination of the different claims, permitted the rebuilding of the
+  city to proceed without the least delay. Hence arose the saying above
+  quoted, usually applied to the extrication of persons or things from a
+  difficulty. The above anecdote was told the other evening by an old
+  citizen upwards of eighty, by no means of an imaginative temperament.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. D. S.
+
+  <p>Putney, Feb. 1. 1851.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[We insert the above, as one of the many explanations which have been
+  given of this very popular phrase&mdash;although we believe the correct
+  origin to be the right of taking <i>fire-bote by hook or by crook</i>.
+  See <span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>, Vol. i., pp. 281. and
+  405.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Record of Existing Monuments.</i>&mdash;I have some time since read
+  your remarks in Vol. iii., p. 14. of "<span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span>," on the Rev. J. Hewett's <i>Monumentarum</i> of Exeter
+  Cathedral, and intend in <!-- Page 117 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page117"></a>{117}</span>a short time to follow the advice you have
+  there given to "superabundant brass-rubbers," of copying the inscriptions
+  in the churches and churchyards of the hundred of Manley. The plan I
+  intend to pursue is, to copy in full every inscription of an earlier date
+  than 1750; also, all more modern ones which are in any way remarkable as
+  relating to distinguished persons, or containing any peculiarity worthy
+  of note. The rest I shall reduce into a tabular form.</p>
+
+  <p>The inscriptions of each church I shall arrange chronologically, and
+  form an alphabetical index to each inscription in the hundred.</p>
+
+  <p>By this means I flatter myself a great mass of valuable matter may be
+  accumulated, a transcript of which may not be entirely unworthy of a
+  place on the shelves of the British Museum.</p>
+
+  <p>I have taken the liberty of informing you of my intention, and beg
+  that if you can suggest to me any plan which is better calculated for the
+  purpose than the one I have described, you will do so.</p>
+
+  <p>Would it not be possible, if a few persons in each county were to
+  begin to copy the inscriptions on the plan that I have described, that in
+  process of time a copy of every inscription in every church in England
+  might be ready for reference in our national library?</p>
+
+  <p>Perhaps you will have the goodness, if you know of any one who like
+  myself is about to undertake the task of copying inscriptions in his own
+  neighbourhood, to inform me, that I may communicate with him, so that, if
+  possible, our plans may be in unison.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edw. Peacock, Jun.</span>
+
+  <p>Bottesford Moors, Messingham, Kirton Lindsey.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[We trust the example set by Mr. Hewett, and now about to be followed
+  by our correspondent, is destined to find many imitators.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>FIVE QUERIES AND NOTES ON BOOKS, MEN, AND AUTHORS.</h3>
+
+  <p>1. <i>Newburgh Hamilton</i>.&mdash;Can any of your readers inform me
+  who Newburgh Hamilton was? He wrote two pieces in my library, viz. (1.)
+  <i>Petticoat Plotter</i>, a farce in two acts; acted at Drury Lane and
+  Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, 1720, 12mo. This has been mutilated by
+  Henry Ward, a York comedian, and actually printed by him as his
+  <i>own</i> production, in the collection of plays and poems going under
+  his name, published in 1745, 8vo., a copy of which I purchased at
+  Nassau's sale, many years since. (2.) <i>The Doating Lovers, or the
+  Libertine Tamed</i>, a comedy in five acts; acted in Lincoln's Inn
+  Fields. It is dedicated to the Duchess of Hamilton and Brandon, whose
+  "elegant taste and nice judgment in the most polite entertainments of the
+  age," as well as her "piercing wit," are eulogised. Accident gave me a
+  copy of Mr. Hamilton's book-plate, which consists of the crest and motto
+  of the ducal race of Hamilton in a very curious framework,&mdash;the top
+  being a row of music-books, whilst the sides and bottom are decorated
+  with musical instruments, indicative, probably, of the tastes of Mr.
+  Hamilton.</p>
+
+  <p>2. <i>The Children's Petition.</i>&mdash;I have also a very
+  extraordinary little book, of which I never saw another copy. It formerly
+  belonged to Michael Lort, and is entitled</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Children's Petition, or a Modest Remonstrance of that Intolerable
+  Grievance our Youth lie under, in the accustomed Severities of the School
+  Discipline of this Nation. Humbly presented to the Consideration of the
+  Parliament. Licensed Nov. 10. 1669, by Roger L'Estrange. London, 1669.
+  18mo."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The object of this most singular production is to put down the
+  flagellation of boys in that particular part of the body wherein honour
+  is said to be placed; and the arguments adduced are not very easily
+  answered. The author, whoever he was, had reason, as well as learning, on
+  his side. I am not aware of any other copy north the Tweed; but there may
+  be copies in some of the libraries south of that river.</p>
+
+  <p>3. <i>Dr. Anthony Horneck.</i>&mdash;Do any of the letters of the once
+  celebrated Dr. Anthony Horneck exist in any library, public or private?
+  His only daughter married Mr. Barneveldt; and his son, who served with
+  Marlborough, left issue, which failed in the male line, but still exists
+  in the female line, in the representative of Henry William Bunting, Esq.,
+  the caricaturist. The writer of these Queries is the direct descendant of
+  Mrs. Barneveldt, and is anxious to know whether any unpublished MSS. of
+  his ancestors still exist. There was a Philip Horneck who in 1709
+  published an ode inscribed to his excellency the Earl of Wharton, wherein
+  he is described as LL.B., a copy of which I have. There can be no doubt
+  he is the individual introduced by Pope in the <i>Dunciad</i>, book iii.
+  line 152.; but what I wish to know is, whether he was a son of Dr.
+  Horneck, and a brother of the general.</p>
+
+  <p>4. In Clifford's <i>History of the Paul of Tixall</i>, the name of the
+  real author of <i>Gaudentio di Lucca</i> is given. Every reliance may be
+  attached to the accuracy of the information there given, not only on
+  account of the undoubted respectability of the author, but from the
+  evident means of knowledge which he, as a Roman Catholic of distinction,
+  must have had.</p>
+
+  <p>5. <i>The Travels of Baron Munchausen</i> were written to ridicule
+  Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller, whose adventures were at the time deemed
+  fictitious. Bruce was a most upright, honest man, and recorded nothing
+  but what he had seen; nevertheless, as is always the case, a host of
+  detractors buzzed about him, and he was so much vexed at the impeachment
+  of his veracity, that he let them get their own way. Munchausen, a
+  veritable <!-- Page 118 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page118"></a>{118}</span>name&mdash;the real possessor of which
+  died in October, 1817&mdash;was assumed, and poor Bruce was travestied
+  very cleverly, but most unjustly. The real author has not been
+  ascertained; but at one time it was believed to have been James Grahame,
+  afterwards a Scotch barrister, and author of a poem of much beauty,
+  called <i>The Sabbath</i>. Circumstances which came to my knowledge,
+  coupled with the exceedingly loveable character of Grahame, render this
+  belief now incredible; but undoubtedly he knew who the real author was.
+  The copy in my library is in two volumes: the <i>first</i>, said to be
+  the second edition, "considerably enlarged, and ornamented with twenty
+  explanatory engravings from original designs," is entitled <i>Gulliver
+  Revived: or the Vice of Lying properly exposed</i>, and was printed for
+  the Kearsleys, at London, 1793. The <i>second</i> volume is called <i>A
+  Sequel to the Adventures of Baron Munchausen</i>, and is described as "a
+  new edition, with twenty capital copperplates, including the Baron's
+  portrait; humbly dedicated to Mr. Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller," was
+  published by H.&nbsp;D. Symonds, Paternoster Row, 1796. I had for years sought
+  for an original copy of this very singular work, and I at last was so
+  successful as to purchase the one above described, which had been picked
+  up by a bookseller at the sale of some books originally forming part of
+  the library at Hoddam Castle.</p>
+
+  <p>On looking over a copy of Sir John Mandeville,</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Printed for J. Osborne, near Dockhead, Southwark; and James Hodges,
+  at the Looking Glass, on London Bridge:"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I observe he gives&mdash;at least there&mdash;no account whatever of
+  his peregrinations to the polar regions; and the notion of ascribing to
+  him the story of the frozen words is preposterous. I have not in my
+  library, but have read, the best edition of Sir John's <i>Travels</i> (I
+  don't mean the abominable reprint), but I do not remember anything of the
+  kind there. Indeed Sir John, like Marco Polo, was perfectly honest,
+  though some of their informants may not have been so.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Me.</span>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>The Witches' Prayer.</i>&mdash;Can you inform me where I can find
+  the epigram alluded to by Addison, in No. 61. of the <i>Spectator</i>, as
+  "The Witches' Prayer," which falls into verse either way, only that it
+  reads "cursing" one way, and "blessing" the other? Or is the epigram only
+  a creation of the pleasing author's fertile imagination?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Doubtful.</span>
+
+  <p>St. John's Wood.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Water-buckets given to Sheriffs.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers
+  inform me the origin of the delivery of water-buckets, glazed and painted
+  with the city arms, given to the sheriffs of London and Middlesex at the
+  expiration of the year of their shrievalty?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. B. K.
+
+  <p>Temple.</p>
+
+  <p><i>A Cracow Pike.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers tell me what <i>a
+  Cracow pike</i> is? I have searched Meyrick's works on <i>Ancient
+  Armour</i> without finding any notice of such a weapon; but as those
+  works have no indexes one cannot be certain that there may not be some
+  mention of it. I shall be obliged by a description of the Cracow pike, or
+  a reference to any authorities mentioning it, or its use.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">I. H. T.
+
+  <p><i>Meaning of Waste Book.</i>&mdash;Can you or any of your readers
+  inform me the origin of the term used in book-keeping, viz., <i>"Waste"
+  book</i>?</p>
+
+  <p>I am the book-keeper and cashier in an extensive firm, and I know
+  there is very little <i>wasted</i> that goes into our books bearing that
+  name.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">One who often runs for the Great Ledger.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Machell's MS. Collections for Westmoreland and
+  Cumberland.</i>&mdash;In the library of the dean and chapter at Carlisle,
+  are preserved six volumes in folio, which purport to be <i>Collections
+  for the History of Westmoreland and Cumberland, made in the Reign of
+  Charles II., by the Reverend Thomas Machell</i>. Have these collections
+  been carefully examined, and their contents made use of in any
+  topographical publication?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Decking Churches at Christmas.</i>&mdash;Does the custom of
+  dressing the churches at Christmas with holly, and other evergreens,
+  prevail in any country besides England?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">L.
+
+  <p><i>Coinage of Germany.</i>&mdash;I should wish to be referred to the
+  names of the principal works on the coinage of Germany; not merely the
+  imperial, but that of sovereign prelates, abbeys, &amp;c., that struck
+  money.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. N.
+
+  <p><i>Titles of Peers who are Bishops</i> (Vol. iii., p. 23.).&mdash;Why
+  is Lord Crewe always called so, and not Bishop of Durham, considering his
+  spiritual precedency? Was not Lord Bristol (who was an Earl) always
+  called Bishop of Derry?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Cx.
+
+  <p><i>At Sixes and Sevens.</i>&mdash;Shakspeare uses the well-known
+  adage&mdash;"at sixes and sevens;" Bacon, Hudibras, Arbuthnot, Swift, all
+  use the proverb. Why should sixes and sevens be more congruous with
+  disorder than "twos and threes?" and whence comes the saying?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">D. C.
+
+  <p><i>Shaking Hands.</i>&mdash;What is the origin of the custom of
+  <i>shaking hands</i> in token of friendship? And were the <i>clasped
+  hands</i> (now the common symbol of Benefit Clubs) ever used as a signet,
+  prior to their adoption as such by the early Christians in their wedding
+  rings; or, did these rings <!-- Page 119 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page119"></a>{119}</span>bear any other motto, or posy, than "Fides
+  annulus castus" (i. e. <i>simplex et sine gemm�</i>)?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Sansom.</span>
+
+  <p><i>George Steevens.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers inform me
+  whether a memoir of George Steevens, the Shakspearian commentator, ever
+  was published? Of course I have seen the biographical sketch in the
+  <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, the paragraph in Nichols' <i>Anecdotes</i>,
+  and many like incidental notices. Steevens, who died in January, 1800,
+  left the bulk of his property to his cousin, Miss Elizabeth Steevens, of
+  Poplar; and as there is no reservation nor special bequest in the will, I
+  presume she took possession of his books and manuscripts. The books were
+  sold by auction; but what has become of the manuscripts?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. Z.
+
+  <p><i>Extradition.</i>&mdash;The discussion which was occasioned, some
+  time ago, by the sudden transference of the word <i>extradition</i> into
+  our diplomatic phraseology, must be still in the recollection of your
+  readers. Some were opposed to this change on the ground that
+  <i>extradition</i> is not English; others justified its adoption, for the
+  very reason that we have no corresponding term for it; and one gentleman
+  resolved the question by urging that, "si le mot n'est pas Anglais, il
+  m�rite de l'�tre." I believe there is no reference in "<span
+  class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" to this controversy; nor do I now
+  refer to it with any intention of reviving discussion on a point which
+  seems to have been set at rest by the acquiescence of public opinion. I
+  wish merely to put one or two Queries, which have been suggested to me by
+  the <i>fact</i> that <i>extradition</i> is now generally employed as an
+  English word.</p>
+
+  <p>1. Is there any contingency in which the meaning of the word
+  <i>extradition</i> may not be sufficiently expressed by the verb <i>to
+  deliver up</i>, or the substantive <i>restitution</i>?</p>
+
+  <p>2. If so, how has its place been supplied heretofore in our diplomatic
+  correspondence?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span>
+
+  <p>St. Lucia, Dec. 1850.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Singing of Metrical Psalms and Hymns in Churches.</i>&mdash;1. When
+  and how did the custom of singing metrical psalms and hymns in churches
+  originate? 2. By what authority was it sanctioned? 3. At what parts of
+  the service were these psalms and hymns directed to be introduced? 4. Was
+  this custom contemplated by the compilers of the Book of Common
+  Prayer?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arun.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Ormonde Portraits.</i>&mdash;I shall feel much obliged by
+  information on the following points:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>1. Whether <i>any</i> portrait of Thomas Earl of Ormonde has been
+  published? He died in the year 1614.</p>
+
+  <p>2. <i>How many</i> engraved portraits of Thomas, the famous Lord
+  Ossory, have been issued? their dates, and the engravers' names.</p>
+
+  <p>3. <i>How many</i> engraved portraits of the first and second Dukes of
+  Ormonde, respectively, have appeared? their dates, and engravers'
+  names.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Graves.</span>
+
+  <p>Kilkenny, Jan. 31. 1851.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Tradescant.</i>&mdash;In the inscription on the tomb of the
+  Tradescants in Lambeth churchyard, which it is proposed to restore as
+  soon as possible, these two lines occur:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"These famous antiquarians, that had been</p>
+      <p>Both gardeners to the Rose and Lily queen."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Can any of your readers inform me <i>when</i> the elder Tradescant
+  came over to England, and when he was appointed royal gardener? Was it
+  not in the reign of Elizabeth?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. C. B.
+
+  <p>Lambeth.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Arthur's Seat and Salisbury Craigs.</i>&mdash;L. M. M. R. is very
+  anxious to be informed as to the origin of the name of Arthur's Seat and
+  Salisbury Craigs, the well-known hill and rocks close to Edinburgh.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Lincoln Missal.</i>&mdash;Is a manuscript of the missal, according
+  to the use of the church of Lincoln, known to exist? and, if so, where
+  may it be seen?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Peacock, Jun.</span>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>MEANING OF EISELL.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 66.)</p>
+
+  <p>I must beg a very small portion of your space to reply to your
+  correspondent H.&nbsp;K.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;C., who criticises so pleasantly my remarks on the
+  meaning of "eisell." The question is: Does the meaning <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Singer</span> attaches to this word require in the passage
+  cited the expression of quantity to make it definite? I am disposed to
+  think that a definite quantity may be sometimes understood, in a
+  well-defined act, although it be <i>not</i> expressed. On the other hand,
+  your correspondent should know that English idiom requires that the name
+  of a river should be preceded by the definite article, unless it be
+  personified; and that whenever it is used without the article, it is
+  represented by the personal pronoun <i>he</i>. Though a man were able "to
+  drink <i>the Thames</i> dry," he could no more "drink up <i>Thames</i>"
+  than he could drink up <i>Neptune</i>, or the sea-serpent, or do any
+  other impossible feat.</p>
+
+  <p>I observed before, that "the notion of drinking up a river would be
+  both unmeaning and out of place." I said this, with the conviction that
+  there was a purpose in everything that Shakspeare wrote; and being still
+  of this persuasion, allow me to protest against the terms "mere verbiage"
+  and "extravagant rant," which your correspondent applies to the passage
+  in question. The poet does not present common things as they appear to
+  all men. Shakspeare's art was equally great, <!-- Page 120 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page120"></a>{120}</span>whether he spoke with
+  the tongues of madmen or philosophers. H.&nbsp;K.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;C. cannot conceive why
+  each feat of daring should be a tame possibility, save only the last; but
+  I say that they are <i>all</i> possible; that it was a daring to do not
+  impossible but extravagant feats. As far as quantity is concerned, to eat
+  a crocodile would be more than to eat an ox. Crocodile may be a very
+  delicate meat, for anything I know to the contrary; but I must confess it
+  appears to me to be introduced as something loathsome or repulsive, and
+  (on the poet's part) to cap the absurdity of the preceding feat. The use
+  made by other writers of a passage is one of the most valuable kinds of
+  comment. In a burlesque some years ago, I recollect a passage was brought
+  to a climax with the very words, "Wilt eat a crocodile?" The immediate
+  and natural response was&mdash;<i>not</i> "the thing's impossible!"
+  but&mdash;"you nasty beast!" What a descent then from the drinking up of
+  a river to a merely disagreeable repast. In the one case the object is
+  clear and intelligible, and the last feat is suggested by the not so
+  difficult but little less extravagant preceding one; in the other, each
+  is unmeaning (in reference to the speaker), unsuggested, and, unconnected
+  with the other; and, regarding the order an artist would observe, out of
+  place.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Samuel Hickson</span>.
+
+  <p>St. John's Wood, Jan. 27. 1851.</p>
+
+  <p>P.S. In replying to Mr. G. <span class="sc">Stephens</span>, in
+  reference to the meaning of a passage in the <i>Tempest</i>, I expressed
+  a wish that he would give the meaning of what he called a "common
+  ellipsis" "stated <i>at full</i>." This stands in your columns (Vol. ii.,
+  p. 499.) "at first," in which expression I am afraid he would be puzzled
+  to find any meaning.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p>I might safely leave H. K. S. C. to the same gentle correction
+  bestowed upon a neighbour of his at Brixton some time since, by <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Hickson</span>, but I must not allow him to support his
+  dogmatic and flippant hypercriticism by falsehood and unfounded
+  insinuation, and I therefore beg leave to assure him that I have no claim
+  to the enviable distinction of being designated as the friend of <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Hickson</span>, to whom I am an utter stranger, having
+  never seen him, and knowing nothing of that gentleman but what his very
+  valuable communications to your publication conveys.</p>
+
+  <p>I have further to complain of the want of truth in the very first
+  paragraph of your correspondent's note: the question respecting the
+  meaning of "Eisell" does <i>not</i> "remain substantially where Steevens
+  and Malone left it;" for I have at least shown that <i>Eisell</i> meant
+  <i>Wormwood</i>, and that Shakspeare has elsewhere undoubtedly used it in
+  that sense.</p>
+
+  <p>Again: the remark about the fashion of extravagant feats, such as
+  swallowing nauseous draughts in honour of a mistress, was quite uncalled
+  for. Your correspondent would insinuate that I attribute to Shakspeare's
+  time "what in reality belongs to the age of Du Guesclin and the
+  Troubadours." Does he mean to infer that it did not in reality equally
+  belong to Shakspeare's age? or that I was ignorant of its earlier
+  prevalence?</p>
+
+  <p>The purport of such remarks is but too obvious; but he may rest
+  assured that they will not tend to strengthen his argument, if argument
+  it can be called, for I must confess I do not understand what he means by
+  his "definite quantity." But the phrase <i>drink up</i> is his
+  stalking-horse; and as he is no doubt familiar with the <i>Nursery
+  Rhymes</i><a name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>, a
+  passage in them&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Eat up your cake, Jenny,</p>
+      <p><i>Drink up</i> your wine."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>may perhaps afford him further apt illustration.</p>
+
+  <p>The proverb tells us "It is dangerous playing with edge tools," and so
+  it is with bad puns: he has shown himself an unskilful engineer in the
+  use of <span class="sc">Mr. Hickson</span>'s canon, with which he was to
+  have "blown up" <span class="sc">Mr. Hickson</span>'s argument and my
+  proposition; with what success may be fairly left to the judgment of your
+  readers. I will, however, give him another canon, which may be of use to
+  him on some future occasion: "When a probable solution of a difficulty is
+  to be found by a parallelism in the poet's pages, it is better to adopt
+  it than to charge him with a blunder of our own creating."</p>
+
+  <p>The allusion to "breaking Priscian's head" reminds one of the remark
+  of a witty friend on a similar occasion, that "there are some heads not
+  easily broken, but the owners of them have often the fatuity to run them
+  against stumbling-blocks of their own making."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">S. W. Singer</span>.
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p><i>Nursery Rhymes</i>, edited by James Orchard Halliwell, Esq., F. R.
+  S., &amp;c.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>DESCENT OF HENRY IV.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ii., p. 375.)</p>
+
+  <p>Under the head of "Descent of Edward IV.," S. A. Y. asks for
+  information concerning "a popular, though probably groundless tradition,"
+  by which that prince sought to prove his title to the throne of England.
+  S.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;Y., or his authority, Professor Millar, is mistaken in ascribing it
+  to Edward IV.&mdash;it was Henry IV. who so sought to establish his
+  claim.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Upon Richard II.'s resignation ... Henry, Duke of Lancaster, having
+  then a large army in the kingdom ... it was impossible for any other
+  title to be asserted with safety, and he became king under the title of
+  Henry IV. He was, nevertheless, not admitted to the crown until he had
+  declared that he <!-- Page 121 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page121"></a>{121}</span>claimed, not as a conqueror (which he was
+  much inclined to do), but as a successor descended by right line of the
+  blood royal.... And in order to this he set up a show of two titles: the
+  one upon the pretence of being the first of the blood royal of the entire
+  male line; whereas the Duke of Clarence (Lionel, elder brother of John of
+  Gaunt) left only one daughter, Philippa: the other, by reviving an
+  exploded rumour, first propagated by John of Gaunt, that Edmond Earl of
+  Lancaster (to whom Henry's mother was heiress) was in reality the elder
+  brother of King Edward I., though his parents, on account of his personal
+  deformity, had imposed him on the world for the
+  younger."&mdash;Blackstone's <i>Commentaries</i>, book i. ch. iii. p.
+  203. of edit. 1787.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This Edmond, Earl of Lancaster, was succeeded by his son Thomas, who
+  in the fifteenth year of the reign of Edward II. was attainted of high
+  treason. In the first of Edward III. his attainder was reversed, and his
+  son Henry inherited his titles, and subsequently was created Duke of
+  Lancaster. Blanche, daughter of Henry, first Duke of Lancaster,
+  subsequently became his heir, and was second wife to John of Gaunt, and
+  mother to Henry IV.</p>
+
+  <p>Edward IV.'s claim to the throne was by descent from Lionel, Duke of
+  Clarence, third son of Edward III., his mother being Cicely, youngest
+  daughter of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland. Lionel married Elizabeth
+  de Burgh, an Irish heiress, who died shortly after, leaving one daughter,
+  Philippa. As William of Hatfield, second son of Edward III., died at an
+  early age, without issue, according to all our ideas of hereditary
+  succession Philippa, only child of Edward III.'s third son, ought to have
+  inherited before the son of his fourth son; and Sir Edward Coke expressly
+  declares, that the right of the crown was in the descent from Philippa,
+  daughter and heir of Lionel, Duke of Clarence. Henry IV.'s right,
+  however, was incontestable, being based on overwhelming might. Philippa
+  married Edward Mortimer, Earl of March. Roger, their son, succeeded his
+  father in his titles, and left one daughter, Anne, who married Richard,
+  Earl of Cambridge, son of Edmund Langley, Duke of York, which Edmund,
+  Duke of York, was the fifth son of Edward III.; and thus the line of
+  York, though a younger branch of the royal family, took precedence, <i>de
+  jure</i>, of the Lancaster line. From this union sprang Richard, Duke of
+  York, who was killed under the walls of Sandal Castle, and who left his
+  titles and pretensions to Edward, afterwards the fourth king of that
+  name.</p>
+
+  <p>The above is taken from several authorities, among which are
+  Blackstone's <i>Comm.</i>, book i. ch. iii.; and Miss Strickland's
+  <i>Lives of the Queens of England</i>, vols. ii. iii. iv.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tee Bee</span>.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>FOSSIL ELK OF IRELAND.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ii., p. 494.; Vol. iii., p. 26.)</p>
+
+  <p>W. R. C. states that he is anxious to collect all possible information
+  as to this once noble animal. I would have offered the following notes
+  and references sooner, but that I was confident that some abler
+  contributor to the pages of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>"
+  would have brought out of his stores much to interest your natural
+  history readers (whose Queries I regret are so few and far between), and
+  at the same time elucidate some points touched upon by W.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;C., as to
+  the period of its becoming extinct. Perhaps he would favour me with the
+  particulars of "its being shot in 1553," and a particular reference to
+  the plate alluded to in the <i>Nuremberg Chronicle</i>, as I have not
+  been able to recognise in <i>any</i> of its plates the Cervus Megaceros,
+  and I am disposed to question the correctness of the statement, that the
+  animal existed so lately as the period referred to.</p>
+
+  <p>There is in the splendid collections of the Royal Dublin Society
+  (which, unfortunately, is not arranged as it should be, from want of
+  proper space), a fine <i>skeleton</i> of this animal, the <i>first</i>
+  perfect one possessed by any public body in Europe:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It is perfect" [I quote the admirable memoir drawn up for the Royal
+  Dublin Society by that able comparative anatomist Dr. John Hart, which
+  will amply repay a perusal by W.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;C., or any other naturalist who may
+  feel an interest in the subject] "in every single bone of the framework
+  which contributes to form a part of the general outline, the spine, the
+  chest, the pelvis, and the extremities are all complete in this respect;
+  and when surmounted by the head and <i>beautifully expanded antlers</i>,
+  which extend out to a distance of nearly six feet on either side, form a
+  splendid display of the reliques of the former grandeur of the animal
+  kingdom, and carries back the imagination to the period when whole herds
+  of this noble animal wandered at large over the face of the country."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Until Baron Cuvier published his account of these remains, they were
+  generally supposed to be the same as those of the Moose deer or elk of N.
+  America. (Vide <i>Ann. du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle</i>, tom. xii., and
+  <i>Ossemens Fossiles</i>, tom. iv.) This error seems to have originated
+  with Dr. Molyneux in 1697. (Vide <i>Phil. Trans.</i>, vol. xix.)</p>
+
+  <p>The perforated rib referred to was presented to the society by
+  Archdeacon Maunsell, and</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"contains an oval opening towards its lower edge, the long diameter of
+  which is parallel to the length of the rib, its margin is depressed on
+  the outer and raised on the inner surface; round which there is an
+  irregular effusion of callus.... In fact, such a wound as would be
+  produced by the head of an arrow remaining in the wound after the shaft
+  had broken off."&mdash;Hart's <i>Memoir</i>, p. 29.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>There are in the Museum of Trinity College, Dublin, a very complete
+  and interesting series of <!-- Page 122 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page122"></a>{122}</span>antlered skulls of this animal. Should
+  W.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;C. or any other reader of "<span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span>," desire further information on this subject, I will
+  gladly, if in my power, afford it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. P. H. T. (a M. R. D. S.)
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Coverdale Bible</i> (Vol. iii., p. 54.).&mdash;Your correspondent
+  <span class="sc">Echo</span> is quite right in declaring Mr. Granville
+  Penn's statement, that Coverdale used Tyndale's <i>New Test</i>. in his
+  Bible of 1535, to be quite wrong. Mr. Penn very probably took his
+  statement from the Preface to D'Oyley and Mant's Bible, as published by
+  the Christian Knowledge Society, which contains a very erroneous account
+  of the earliest English versions.</p>
+
+  <p>Tyndale's version of the New Testament was not incorporated in any
+  version of the whole Bible till the publication of what is called
+  Matthewe's Bible in 1537.</p>
+
+  <p>For more particular statements confirmed by proofs, your correspondent
+  may consult Anderson's <i>Annals of the English Bible</i>, under the
+  dates of the respective editions, or his appendix to vol. ii., pp. viii.,
+  ix.; or Mr. Pearson's biographical notice of Coverdale, prefixed to the
+  Parker Soc. edit. of his <i>Remains</i>; or the biographical notice of
+  Tyndale, prefixed to the Parker Soc. edit. of his Works, pp. lxxiv.,
+  lxxv.; or <i>Two Letters to Bishop Marsh on the Independence of the
+  Authorised Version</i>, published for me by Hatchard in 1827 and
+  1828.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Walter</span>.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p><i>Epitaph</i> (Vol. iii., p. 57.).&mdash;The name of the "worthie
+  knyght" is <i>Sir Thomas Gravener</i>, as A.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;R. might have seen in the
+  printed Catalogue of the Harleian MSS. Who he was, is a more difficult
+  question to answer; but there was a family of that name settled in
+  Staffordshire, as appears from MS. Harl. 1476. fol. 250. The epitaph in
+  question (at fol. 28 b of the old numbering, or 24 b of the new,
+  <i>not</i> fol. 25 b.) is inserted among several short poems written by
+  Sir Thomas Wyatt; and the epitaph itself has a capital W affixed to it,
+  as if it were also of his composition: but I do not find it inserted in
+  Dr. Nott's edition of his poetical works, in 1816; nor does this MS.
+  appear to have been consulted by Dr. Nott. And here I may take the
+  liberty of remarking, how desirable it is that your correspondents, in
+  sending any extracts from old English MSS. to the "<span class="sc">Notes
+  and Queries</span>," should adhere strictly to the original orthography,
+  or else modernise it altogether. A.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;R. evidently intends to retain the
+  ancient spelling; yet, from haste or inadvertence, he has committed no
+  less than forty-four <i>literal</i> errors in transcribing this short
+  epitaph, and three <i>verbal</i> ones, namely, <i>itt</i> for <i>that</i>
+  (l. 11.), <i>Hys</i> for <i>The</i> (l. 14.), and <i>or</i> for
+  <i>and</i> (l. 17.). Another curious source of error may here be pointed
+  out. Nearly all the MSS. contained in the British Museum collections are
+  not only distinguished by a number, but have a <i>press-mark</i> stamped
+  on the back, which is denoted by <i>Plut.</i> (an abbreviation of
+  <i>Pluteus</i>, press), with the number and shelf. Thus the Harleian MS.
+  78., referred to by A.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;R., stands in <i>press</i> (<i>Plut.</i>)
+  LXIII. <i>shelf</i> E. In consequence of the Cottonian collection having
+  been originally designated after the names of the twelve C�sars (whose
+  busts, together with those of Cleopatra and Faustina, stood above the
+  presses), it appears to have been supposed that other classical names
+  served as references to the remaining portions of the manuscript
+  department. In A.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;R.'s communication, <i>Plut.</i> is expressed by the
+  name of <i>Pluto</i>; in a volume of Miss Strickland's <i>Lives of the
+  Queens of Scotland</i>, lately published, it is metamorphosed into
+  <i>Plutus</i>; and the late Dr. Adam Clarke refers to some of Dr. Dee's
+  MSS. in the <i>Sloane</i> (more correctly, <i>Cottonian</i>) library,
+  under <i>Plutarch</i> xvi. G! (See <i>Catalogue</i> of his MSS., 8vo.,
+  1835, p. 62.) The same amusing error is more formally repeated by Dr.
+  J.&nbsp;F. Payen, in a recent pamphlet, entitled <i>Nouveaux Documents in�dits
+  ou peu connus sur Montaigne</i>, 8vo., 1850, at p. 24. of which he refers
+  to "Bibl. Egerton, vol. 23., <i>Plutarch</i>, f. 167.," [<i>Plut.</i>
+  CLXVII. F.], and adds in a note:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"On sait que dans nos biblioth�ques les grandes divisions sont
+  marqu�es par les lettres de l'alphabet; <i>au Mus�e Britannique c'est par
+  des noms de personnages c�l�bres qu'on les designe</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="grk">&mu;</span>.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p><i>Probabilism</i> (Vol. iii., p. 61.).&mdash;Probabilism, so far as
+  it means the principle of reasoning or acting upon the opinion of eminent
+  teachers or writers, was the principle of the Pythagoreans, whose <i>ipse
+  dixit</i>, speaking of their master, is proverbial; and of Aristotle, in
+  his Topics.</p>
+
+  <p>But probabilism, in its strict sense, I presume, means the doctrine so
+  common among the Jesuits, 200 years ago, and so well stated by Pascal,
+  that it is lawful to act upon an opinion expressed by a single writer of
+  weight, though contrary to one's own opinion, and entirely overbalanced,
+  either in weight or numbers, by the opinion of other writers.</p>
+
+  <p>Jeremy Taylor, in his <i>Ductor Dubitantium</i>, tells us that this
+  doctrine, though very prevalent, was quite modern; and that the old
+  Casuists, according to the plain suggestions of common sense, held
+  directly the contrary, namely, that the less probable opinion must give
+  way to the more probable.</p>
+
+  <p>All this may be no answer to the deeper research, perhaps, of your
+  enquirer,&mdash;but it may possibly be interesting to general readers, as
+  well as the following refined and ingenious sophism which was used in its
+  support:&mdash;They said that all agreed that you could not be wrong in
+  using the more probable, best supported, <!-- Page 123 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page123"></a>{123}</span>opinion of the two.
+  Now, let that in the particular case in question be A, and the less
+  probable B. But the doctrine that you may lawfully take the less probable
+  in general is the more probable doctrine; meaning at that time the
+  doctrine of the greater number of authorities: therefore they said, even
+  upon your principles it is lawful to take B.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. B.
+
+  <p><i>Old Hewson the Cobbler</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 11. 73.).&mdash;The most
+  satisfactory account of "old Hewson" is the following, extracted from
+  <i>The Loyal Martyrology, by William Winstanley</i>, small 8vo. 1665, (p.
+  123.):&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"John Hewson, who, from a cobbler, rose by degrees to be a colonel,
+  and though a person of no parts either in body or mind, yet made by
+  Cromwell one of his pageant lords. He was a fellow fit for any mischief,
+  and capable of nothing else; a sordid lump of ignorance and impiety, and
+  therefore the more fit to share in Cromwell's designs, and to act in that
+  horrid murther of his Majesty. Upon the turn of the times, he ran away
+  for fear of Squire Dun [the common hangman], and (by report) is since
+  dead, and buried at Amsterdam."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In the collection of songs entitled <i>The Rump</i>, 1666, may be
+  found two ballads relative to Hewson, viz., "A Hymne to the Gentle Craft;
+  or Hewson's Lamentation. To the tune of the Blind Beggar:"</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Listen a while to what I shall say</p>
+      <p>Of a blind cobbler that's gone astray</p>
+      <p>Out of the parliament's high way,</p>
+      <p class="i2">Good people pity the blind."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>"The Cobbler's Last Will and Testament; or the Lord Hewson's
+  translation:"</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"To Christians all, I greeting send,</p>
+      <p>That they may learn their souls to amend</p>
+      <p>By viewing, of my <i>cobbler's end</i>."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Lord Hewson's "one eye" is a frequent subject of ridicule in the
+  political songs of the period. Thus in "The Bloody Bed-roll, or Treason
+  displayed in its Colours:"</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Make room for one-ey'd <span class="sc">Hewson</span>,</p>
+      <p>A Lord of such account,</p>
+      <p class="i1hg1">'Twas a pretty jest</p>
+      <p class="i1">That such a beast</p>
+      <p>Should to such honour mount."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The song inquired for by my friend <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Chapell</span>, beginning, "My name is old Hewson," is not contained in
+  any of the well-known printed collections of political songs and ballads,
+  nor is it to be found among the broadsides preserved in the King's
+  Pamphlets. A full index to the latter is now before me, so I make this
+  statement <i>positively</i>, and to save others the trouble of a
+  search.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Old Hewson and Smollett's "Strap."</i>&mdash;Perhaps the enclosed
+  extract from an old newspaper of April, 1809, will throw some light upon
+  this subject:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+<p class="cenhead">"<span class="scac">SMOLLETT'S CELEBRATED HUGH STRAP.</span></p>
+
+  <p>"On Sunday was interred, in the burial-ground of St.
+  Martin's-in-the-Fields, the remains of Hugh Hewson, who died at the age
+  of 85. The deceased was a man of no mean celebrity. He had passed more
+  than forty years in the parish of St. Martin's, and kept a hair-dresser's
+  shop, being no less a personage than the identical <i>Hugh Strap</i>,
+  whom Dr. Smollett rendered so conspicuously interesting in his life and
+  adventures of Roderick Random. The deceased was a very intelligent man,
+  and took delight in recounting the scenes of his early life. He spoke
+  with pleasure of the time he passed in the service of the Doctor; and it
+  was his pride, as well as boast, to say, that he had been educated at the
+  same seminary with so learned and distinguished a character. His shop was
+  hung round with Latin quotations, and he would frequently point out to
+  his acquaintance the several scenes in Roderick Random, pertaining to
+  himself, which had their foundation, not in the Doctor's inventive fancy,
+  but in truth and reality. The Doctor's meeting with him at a barber's
+  shop at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the subsequent mistake at the Inn, their
+  arrival together in London, and the assistance they experienced from
+  <i>Strap's</i> friend were all of that description. The deceased, to the
+  last, obtained a comfortable subsistence by his industry, and of late
+  years had been paid a weekly salary by the inhabitants of the Adelphi,
+  for keeping the entrances to Villiers-walk, and securing the promenade
+  from the intrusion of strangers."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Francis</span>.
+
+  <p><i>Rodolph Gualter</i> (Vol. iii., p. 8.).&mdash;From letters to and
+  from Rodolph Gualter (in <i>Zurich</i>, and <i>Original Letters, Parker
+  Society</i>) little can be gathered; thus much have I gleaned, that
+  though mention is oftentimes made of Scotland, yet not sufficient to
+  identify Gualter as being a native of that country; yet it should be
+  observed that he dedicated his Homilies on the Galatians to the King of
+  Scotland, <i>Zurich Letters</i> (second series) cxviii., see also,
+  cxxix., cxxx. These remarks may tend perchance to put J.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;R. on the
+  right track for obtaining true information.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">N. E. R. (a Subscriber.)
+
+  <p><i>Burning the Hill</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 441. 498.).&mdash;The provision
+  for <i>burning out</i> a delinquent miner, contained in the Mendip mine
+  laws, called Lord C.&nbsp;J. Choke's laws, first appeared in print in 1687; at
+  least I can find no earlier notice of them in any <i>book</i>; but as the
+  usages sanctioned by them are incidentally mentioned in proceedings in
+  the Exchequer in 21 and 22 Elizabeth, they are no doubt of early date.
+  Article 6. certainly has a very sanguinary aspect; but as the thief,
+  whose hut and tools are to be burnt, is himself to be "<i>banished</i>
+  from his occupation before the miners for ever," it cannot be intended
+  that he should be himself burnt also. If any instance of the exercise of
+  a <!-- Page 124 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page124"></a>{124}</span>custom or law so clearly illegal had ever
+  occurred within recent times, we should have assuredly found some record
+  of it in the annals of criminal justice, as the executioner would
+  infallibly have been hanged. The regulations are probably an attempt by
+  some private hand to embody the local customs of the district, so far as
+  regards lead mining; and they contain the substance of the usual customs
+  prevalent in most metallic regions, where mines have been worked <i>ab
+  antiquo</i>. The first report of the Dean Forest Commission, 1839, f.
+  12., adverts to a similar practice among the coal and iron miners in that
+  forest. It seems to be an instance of the <i>Droit des arsins</i>, or
+  right of arson, formerly claimed and exercised to a considerable extent,
+  and with great solemnity, in Picardy, Flanders, and other places; but I
+  know of no instance in which this wild species of metallifodine justice
+  has been claimed to apply to anything but the culprit's local habitation
+  and tools of trade. I need not add that the custom, even with this
+  limitation, would now be treated by the courts as a vulgar error, and
+  handed over to the exclusive jurisdiction of the legal antiquaries and
+  collectors of the Juris am&oelig;nitates.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. Smirke</span>.
+
+  <p>"<i>Fronte capillata</i>," &amp;c. (vol. iii., pp. 8. 43.).&mdash;The
+  couplet is much older than G.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;S. seems to think. The author is
+  Dionysius Cato,&mdash;"Catoun," as Chaucer calls him&mdash;in his book,
+  <i>Distichorum de Moribus</i>, lib. ii. D. xxvi.:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Rem tibi quam nosces aptam, dimittere noli:</p>
+      <p>Fronte capillata, post est Occasio calva."</p>
+      <p class="i2"><i>Corp. Poet. Lat.</i>, Frankfurt, 1832, p. 1195.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The history of this Dionysius Cato is unknown; and it has been hotly
+  disputed whether he were a Heathen or Christian; but he is <i>at
+  least</i> as old as the fourth century of the Christian era, being
+  mentioned by Vindicianus, chief physician in ordinary to the emperor, in
+  a letter to Valentinian I., <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 365. In the
+  illustrations of <i>The Baptistery</i>, Parker, Oxford, 1842, which are
+  re-engraved from the originals in the <i>Via Vit� Etern�</i>, designed by
+  Boetius a Bolswert, the figure of "Occasion" is always drawn with the
+  hair hanging loose in front, according to the distich.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. A. D.
+
+  <p><i>Time when Herodotus wrote</i> (vol. ii., p. 405.; Vol. iii., p.
+  30.)&mdash;The passage in Herodotus (i. 5.) is certainly curious, and had
+  escaped my notice, until pointed out by your correspondent. I am unable
+  at present to refer to Smith's <i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography
+  and Mythology</i>; but I doubt whether the reading of the poem or title,
+  in Aristotle's <i>Rhetoric</i> (<span class="scac">II.</span> 9. � 1.),
+  has received much attention. In my forthcoming translation of the
+  "Pseudo-Herodotean Life of Homer" prefixed to the <i>Odysseia</i> (Bohn's
+  <i>Classical Library</i>), note 1., I have thus given it:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This is the exposition of the historical researches of Herodotus of
+  <i>Thurium</i>," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Now Aristotle makes no remark on the passage as being unusual, and it
+  therefore inclines me to think that, at the time of that philosopher and
+  critic, both editions were in use.</p>
+
+  <p>The date of the building of Thurium is <span class="scac">B.C.</span>
+  444, and Herodotus was there at its foundation, being then about forty
+  years of age. Most likely he had published a smaller edition of this book
+  before that time, bearing the original date from Halicarnassus, which he
+  revised, <i>enlarged</i>, corrected, and <i>partly re-wrote</i> at
+  Thurium. I think this would not be difficult to prove; and I would add
+  that this retouching would be found more apparent at the beginning of the
+  volume than elsewhere. This may be easily accounted for by the feeling
+  that modern as well as ancient authors have, viz., that of laziness and
+  inertness; revising the first 100 pages carefully, but decreasing from
+  that point. But to return: Later editors, I conceive, erased the word
+  Thurium used by Herodotus, who was piqued and vexed at his native city,
+  and substituted, or restored, Halicarnassus; not, however, changing the
+  text.</p>
+
+  <p>A learned friend of mine wished for the bibliographical history of the
+  classics. I told him then, as I tell the readers of the "<span
+  class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" now, "Search for that history in the
+  pages of the classics themselves; extend to them the critical spirit that
+  is applied to our own Chaucer, Shakspeare, and Milton, and your trouble
+  will not be in vain. The history of any book (that is the general history
+  of the gradual development of its ideas) is written in its own pages." In
+  truth, the prose classics deserve as much attention as the poems of
+  Homer.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie.</span>
+
+  <p>January 20. 1851.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Herstmonceux Castle</i> (Vol. ii., p. 477.).&mdash;E. V. asks for
+  an explanation of certain entries in the Fine Rolls, <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1199 and 1205, which I can, in part, supply. The
+  first is a fine for having seisin of the lands of the deceased mother of
+  the two suitors, William de Warburton and Ingelram de Monceaux. As they
+  claim as joint-heirs or parceners, the land must have been subject to
+  partibility, and therefore of socage tenure. If the land was not in Kent,
+  the entry is a proof that the exclusive right of primogeniture was not
+  then universally established, as we know it was not in the reign of Henry
+  II. See <i>Glanville</i>, lib. vii. cap. 3.</p>
+
+  <p>The next entry records the fine paid for suing out a writ <i>de
+  rationabili parte</i> against (<i>versus</i>) one of the above coheirs.
+  The demandant is either the same coheir named above, viz. Ingelram,
+  altered by a clerical error into Waleram,&mdash;such errors being of
+  common occurrence, sometimes from oscitancy, and sometimes because the
+  clerk had to guess at the extended form of a contracted name,&mdash;or he
+  is a descendant and heir of Ingelram, <!-- Page 125 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page125"></a>{125}</span>claiming the share of
+  his ancestor. I incline to adopt the former explanation of the two here
+  suggested. The form of writ is in the Register of Writs, and corresponds
+  exactly with the abridged note of it in the Fine Roll. The "esnecia,"
+  mentioned in the last entry (not extracted by E.&nbsp;V.), is the majorat or
+  senior heir's perquisite of the capital mansion. E.&nbsp;V. will pardon me for
+  saying, that his translation of the passages is a little deficient in
+  exactness. As to E.&nbsp;V.'s query 4., does he think it worth while to go
+  further in search of a reason for calling the bedroom floor of
+  Herstmonceux Castle by the name of <i>Bethlem</i>, when the early
+  spelling and common and constant pronunciation of the word supply so
+  plausible an explanation? I myself knew, in my earliest days, a house
+  where that department was constantly so nicknamed. But there certainly
+  <i>may</i> be a more recondite origin of the name; and something may
+  depend on the date at which he finds it first applied.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. Smirke.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Camden and Curwen Families</i> (Vol. iii., p. 89.).&mdash;Camden's
+  mother was Elizabeth, daughter of Gyles Curwen, of Poulton Hall, in the
+  county of Lancaster. In the "visitation" of Lancashire made in 1613, it
+  is stated that this Gyles Curwen was "descended from Curwen of Workenton
+  in co. Cumberland;" but the descent is not given, and I presume it rests
+  merely on tradition.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Llewellyn.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Joan Sanderson, or the Cushion Dance</i> (Vol. ii., p.
+  517.).&mdash;Your correspondent <span class="sc">Mac</span> asks for the
+  "correct date" of the <i>Cushion Dance</i>. Searching out the history and
+  origin of an old custom or ballad is like endeavouring to ascertain the
+  source and flight of December's snow. I am afraid <span
+  class="sc">Mac</span> will not obtain what he now wishes for.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>earliest</i> mention, that I have noticed, of this popular old
+  dance occurs in Heywood's play, <i>A Woman kill'd with Kindness</i>,
+  1600. Nicholas, one of the characters, says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I have, ere now, deserved a cushion: call for the <i>Cushion
+  Dance</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The musical notes are preserved in <i>The English Dancing Master</i>,
+  1686; in <i>The Harmonicon</i>, a musical journal; in Davies Gilbert's
+  <i>Christmas Carols</i> (2nd edition); and in Chappell's <i>National
+  English Melodies</i>. In the first-named work it is called "Joan
+  Sanderson, or the Cushion Dance, an old Round Dance."</p>
+
+  <p>In a curious collection of old songs and tunes, <i>Neder-Landtsche
+  Gedenck-clank door Adrianum Valerium</i>, printed at Haerlem in 1626, is
+  preserved a tune called "Sweet Margaret," which, upon examination, proves
+  to be the same as the <i>Cushion Dance</i>. This favourite dance was well
+  known in Holland in the early part of the seventeenth century, and an
+  interesting engraving of it may be seen in the <i>Emblems</i> of John de
+  Brunnes, printed at Amsterdam in 1624.</p>
+
+  <p>The last-named work (a copy of the edition of 1661 of which is now
+  before me) is exceedingly curious to the lovers of our popular sports and
+  pastimes. The engravings are by William Pass, C. Blon, &amp;c., and among
+  them are representations of Kiss in the Ring, the game of Forfeits,
+  rolling Snow-balls, the Interior of a Barber's Shop, with citherns and
+  lutes hanging against the wall, for the use of the customers, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span>
+
+  <p><i>North Sides of Churchyards</i> (Vol. ii., p. 93.).&mdash;In an
+  appendix to our registers I find the following entry, where I conceive
+  the <i>backside</i> means the northside. Though now the whole of our
+  churchyard is so full that we have much difficulty in finding any new
+  ground, what we do find, however, is on the north side.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"1750, Oct. 23. One Mary Davies, of Pentrobin, single woman, though
+  excommunicated with the <i>Greater Excommunication</i>, was on this day,
+  <i>within night</i>, on account of some particular circumstances alleged
+  by neighbours of credit in her favour (as to her resolving to come and
+  reconcile herself, and do penance if she recovered), indulged by being
+  interred on the <i>backside</i> the church, but no service or tolling
+  allowed."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>From this I conclude that <i>here</i> at least there was no part of
+  the churchyard left unconsecrated for the burial of persons
+  excommunicate, as one of your correspondents suggests; or burial in such
+  place would have been no indulgence, as evidently it was regarded in this
+  case. It would be interesting to ascertain from accredited instances
+  <i>how late</i> this power of excommunication has been <i>exercised</i>,
+  and thereby how long it has really been in abeyance. I expect the period
+  would not be found so great as is generally imagined.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Waldegrave Brewster.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Antiquitas S�culi Juventus Mundi</i> (Vol. ii., p.
+  466.).&mdash;Dugald Stewart, in his Dissertation prefixed to the
+  <i>Encyclop�dia Britannica</i>, ed. 7., p. 30., points out two passages
+  of writers anterior to Lord Bacon, in which this thought occurs. The
+  first is in his namesake, Roger Bacon, who died in 1292:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Quanto juniores tanto perspicaciores, quia juniores posteriores
+  successione temporum ingrediuntor labores priorum."&mdash;<i>Opus
+  Majus</i>, p. 9. ed. Jebb.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The <i>Opus Majus</i> of Roger Bacon was not, however, printed until
+  the last century, and could not have been known to Lord Bacon unless he
+  had read it in manuscript.</p>
+
+  <p>The second is from Ludovicus Vives, <i>De Caus. Corrupt. Art.</i>,
+  lib. i., of which Mr. Stewart gives the following version:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The similitude which many have fancied between the superiority of the
+  moderns to the ancients, and the elevation of a dwarf on the back of a
+  giant, is <!-- Page 126 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page126"></a>{126}</span>altogether false and puerile. Neither were
+  they giants, nor are we dwarfs, but all of us men of the same standard;
+  and <i>we</i>, the taller of the two, by adding their height to our own.
+  Provided always that we do not yield to them in study, attention,
+  vigilance, and love of truth; for if these qualities be wanting, so far
+  from mounting on the giant's shoulders, we throw away the advantages of
+  our own just stature, by remaining prostrate on the ground."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Ludovicus Vives, the eminent Spanish writer, died in 1540, and
+  therefore preceded the active period of Lord Bacon's mind by about half a
+  century.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Stewart likewise cites the following sentences of Seneca, which,
+  however, can hardly be said to contain the germ of this
+  thought:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Veniet tempus quo ista qu� nunc latent, in lucem dies extrahet, et
+  longioris �vi diligentia.... Veniet tempus, quo posteri nostri tam aperta
+  nos nescisse mirabuntur."&mdash;<i>Qu�st. Nat.</i> viii. 25.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">L.
+
+  <p><i>Umbrella</i> (Vol. i., p. 414.; Vol. ii., pp. 25. 93. 126. 346.
+  491. 523.; Vol. iii., p. 37.).&mdash;Although I conceive that ample proof
+  has been given in your columns that umbrellas were generally known at an
+  earlier period than had been commonly supposed, yet the following
+  additional facts may not perhaps be unacceptable to your readers.</p>
+
+  <p>In Bailey's <i>Dictionary</i>, vol. i. (8th edit. 1737), are these
+  articles:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Parasol</span>, a sort of small canopy or umbrella,
+  to keep off the rain."</p>
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Umbella</span>, <i>a little shadow</i>; an umbrella,
+  bon-grace, skreen-fan, &amp;c., which women bear in their hands to shade
+  them."</p>
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Umbelliforus</span> <i>Plants</i> [among
+  <i>botanists</i>]. Plants which have round tufts, or small stalks
+  standing upon greater; or have their tops branched and spread like a
+  lady's <i>umbrella</i>."</p>
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Umbrello</span> [<i>Ombrelle</i>, F.;
+  <i>Ombrella</i>, Ital. of <i>Umbrella</i>, or <i>Umbrecula</i>, L.], a
+  sort of skreen that is held over the head for preserving from the sun or
+  rain; also a wooden frame covered with cloth or stuff, to keep off the
+  sun from a window."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In Bailey's <i>Dictionary</i>, vol. ii. (3rd edit. 1737), is the
+  following:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Umbellated</span> [<i>Umbellatus</i>, L.]; bossed.
+  In <i>botan. writ.</i> is said of flowers when many of them grow
+  together, disposed somewhat like an <i>umbrella</i>. The make is a sort
+  of broad, roundish surface of the whole, &amp;c. &amp;c."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Horace Walpole (<i>Memoirs of the Reign of George II.</i>, vol. iii.
+  p. 153.), narrating the punishment of Dr. Shebbeare for a libel, 5th
+  December, 1758, says,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The man stood in the pillory, having a footman holding an umbrella to
+  keep off the rain."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In Burrow's <i>Reports</i> (vol. ii. p. 792.), is an account of the
+  proceedings in the Court of King's Bench against Arthur Beardmore,
+  under-sheriff of Middlesex, for contempt of court in remitting part of
+  the sentence on Dr. Shebbeare. The affidavits produced by the
+  Attorney-General stated&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"That the defendant only stood <i>upon the</i> platform of the
+  pillory, unconfined, and at his ease, attended by a <i>servant</i> in
+  <i>livery</i> (which servant and livery were hired for this occasion
+  only) holding an umbrella over his head, all the time:"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>and Mr. Justice Dennison, in pronouncing sentence on Beardmore, did
+  not omit to allude to the umbrella.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span>
+
+  <p>Cambridge, January 25. 1851.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Form of Prayer at the Healing</i> (Vol. iii., p. 42.).&mdash;A copy
+  of this service of an earlier date than those mentioned is before me. It
+  was printed in folio at the Hague, 1650; and is appended to "a Form of
+  Prayer used in King Charles II.'s Chappel upon <i>Tuesdays</i>, in the
+  times of his trouble and distress." Charles I. was executed on that day
+  of the week.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. H. M.
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3>
+
+  <p>"Thoughts take up no room," saith Jeremy Collier, in a curious passage
+  which Mr. Elmes has adopted as the motto of a pretty little volume, which
+  he has just put forth under the following characteristic title: <i>Hor�
+  Vaciv�, a Thought-book of the Wise Spirits of all Ages and all Countries,
+  fit for all Men and all Hours</i>. The work appears to have furnished a
+  source of occupation to its editor when partially recovering from a
+  deprivation of sight. It is well described by him as a "Spicilegium of
+  golden thoughts of wise spirits, who, though dead, yet speak;" and being
+  printed in Whittingham's quaintest style, and suitably bound, this
+  Thought-book is as externally tempting as it is intrinsically
+  valuable.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Calendar of the Anglican Church Illustrated, with Brief
+  Accounts of the Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names, or
+  whose Images are most frequently met with in England; the Early Christian
+  and Medi�val Symbols; and an Index of Emblems</i>, is sufficiently
+  described in its title-page. The editor very properly explains that the
+  work is of an arch�ological, not of a theological character&mdash;and as
+  such it is certainly one which English arch�ologists and ecclesiologists
+  have long wanted. The editor, while judiciously availing himself of the
+  labours of Alt, Radowitz, Didron, and other foreign writers, has not
+  spared his own, having, with the view to one portion of it, compiled a
+  list of all the churches in England, with the saints after whom they were
+  named. This is sufficient to show that the work is one of research, and
+  consequently of value; that value being materially increased by the
+  numerous woodcuts admirably engraved by Mr. O. Jewitt, with which it is
+  illustrated.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Books Received.</i>&mdash;<i>Helena, The Physician's Orphan</i>.
+  The third number of Mrs. Clarke's interesting series of tales, entitled,
+  <i>The Girlhood of Shakspeare's Heroines</i>. <!-- Page 127 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page127"></a>{127}</span><i>Every-day Wonders,
+  or Facts in Physiology which all should know:</i> a very successful
+  endeavour to present a few of the truths of that science which treats of
+  the structure of the human body, and of the adaptation of the external
+  world to it in such a form as that they be readily apprehended. Great
+  pains have been taken that the information imparted should be accurate;
+  and it is made more intelligible by means of some admirable woodcuts.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Catalogues Received.</i>&mdash;John Miller's (43. Chandos Street)
+  No. 18. of Catalogues of Books Old and New; J. Russell Smith's (4. Old
+  Compton Street) Catalogue Part II. of an Extensive Collection of Choice,
+  Useful, and Curious Books.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Recherches Historiques sur les Congr�gations
+  Hospitaliers Des Fr�res Pontifes.</span> <span class="sc">A.
+  Gr�goire.</span> Paris, 1818, 8vo. 72 pp.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Sepulchral Memorials of a Market Town</span>, by
+  <span class="sc">Dawson Turner</span>. Yarmouth, 1848.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Stephen's Central America</span>, 2 vols. 8vo.
+  plates.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Whartoni Anglia Sacra.</span> The best edition.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Novum Testamentum Gr.</span> Ex recensione Greisbach,
+  cum var. lect. 4 vols. 4to. Leipsic, 1806 or 1803. Engraved
+  Frontispiece.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Lardner on the Trinity.</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Goodridge, John</span>, <span class="sc">The
+  Ph&oelig;nix</span>; or, Reasons for believing that the Comet, &amp;c.
+  London, 1781, 8vo.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage
+  free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>We have many articles in type which we are compelled, by want of
+  space, to postpone until next week, when the publication of our double
+  number will enable us to insert many interesting communications which are
+  only waiting for room.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Replies Received.</span> <i>St.
+  Pancras&mdash;Daresbury&mdash;Plafery&mdash;Touching for the
+  Evil&mdash;Munchausen&mdash;Cold Harbour&mdash;Landwade
+  Church&mdash;Bacon and Fagan&mdash;Soul's Dark Cottage&mdash;Fine by
+  Degrees&mdash;Simon Bache&mdash;Away let nought&mdash;Mythology of the
+  Stars&mdash;Adur&mdash;Burying in Church Walls&mdash;Sir Clowdesley
+  Shovel&mdash;Lynch Law&mdash;Cardinal's Monument&mdash;Inns of
+  Court&mdash;True Blue&mdash;Averia&mdash;Dragons&mdash;Brandon the
+  Juggler&mdash;Words are Men's Daughters&mdash;Sonnet by
+  Milton&mdash;Dryden's Essay upon Satire&mdash;Ring Dials&mdash;Sir
+  Hilary&mdash;Arthur Massinger&mdash;Cranmer's Descendants&mdash;Post
+  Conquestum&mdash;Prince of Wales' Feathers&mdash;Verbum
+  Gr�cum&mdash;Visions of Hell&mdash;Musical Plagiarism&mdash;Lady
+  Bingham&mdash;Cockade&mdash;Saint Paul's Clock&mdash;By and
+  by&mdash;Aristophanes on the Modern Stage.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Liturgicus</span>, <i>who writes on the subject of
+  the letters</i> M. <i>and</i> N. <i>in the Catechism and Marriage
+  Service, is referred to our First Volume, pp.</i> 415. <i>and</i>
+  468.</p>
+
+  <p>F. M. B. Hicks' Hall <i>was so called from its builder, Sir Baptist
+  Hicks, afterwards Viscount Camden; and the name of the</i> Old Bailey,
+  <i>says Stow, "is likely to have arisen of some Count of old time there
+  kept."&mdash;See Cunningham's</i> Handbook of London.</p>
+
+  <p>K. R. H. M. <i>received</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>E. T. (Liverpool). <i>We propose to issue a volume similar to our
+  first and second, at the termination of every half-year.</i></p>
+
+  <p>E. S. T. T. <i>For origin of</i></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Tempora mutantur," &amp;c.,</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>see our First Volume, pp.</i> 234. 419.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">George Petit.</span> <i>The book called</i> Eleganti�
+  Latin�, <i>published under the name of the learned Joh. Meursius, was
+  written by Chorier of Grenoble. Meursius had no share in it</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>H. A. R. <i>Much information concerning the general and social
+  condition of Lunatics before 1828 will be found in Reports of Committees
+  of House of Commons of 1815, 1816, and 1827, and of the House of Lords of
+  1828.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A. C. P. <i>The explanation furnished is one about which there can be
+  no doubt, but for obvious reasons we do not insert it.</i></p>
+
+  <p>K. R. H. M. <i>We cannot promise until we see the article; but, if
+  brief, we shall have every disposition to insert it.</i></p>
+
+  <p>C. H. P. <i>Surely there is no doubt that Lord Howard of Effingham,
+  who commanded the Armada, was a Protestant.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Volume the Second of Notes and Queries</span>,
+  <i>with very copious</i> <span class="sc">Index</span>, <i>is now ready,
+  price</i> 9s. 6d. <i>strongly bound in cloth</i>. <span class="sc">Vol.
+  I.</span> <i>is reprinted, and may also be had at the same price</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> <i>may be procured, by
+  order, of all Booksellers and Newsvenders. It is published at noon on
+  Friday, so that our country Subscribers ought not to experience any
+  difficulty in procuring it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers,
+  &amp;c., are, probably, not yet aware of this arrangement, which will
+  enable them to receive</i> <span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>
+  <i>in their Saturday parcels</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>All communications for the Editor of</i> <span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span> <i>should be addressed to the care of</i> <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, No. 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Erratum</i>.&mdash;No. 65. p. 67. col. 2. l. 12., for "me<i>l</i>t"
+  read "me<i>e</i>t."</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+  <p>MR. T. RICHARDS (late of St. Martin's Lane), <span
+  class="sc">Printer</span> and Agent to the <span class="sc">Percy</span>
+  and <span class="sc">Hakluyt Societies</span>, has removed to 37. Great
+  Queen Street, Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, where he respectfully requests all
+  Letters may be addressed to him.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+  <p>Whereshall we go this morning? Such is usually the query over the
+  breakfast table with visitors to London. Let us answer the question. If
+  you can admire the most beautiful specimens of PAPIER MACHE MANUFACTURE
+  which are produced in this country, displayed in the most attractive
+  forms&mdash;if you want a handsome or useful dressing-case, work-box, or
+  writing-desk, if you need any requisite for the work-table or toilet, or
+  if you desire to see one of the most elegant emporiums in
+  London&mdash;then you will go to MECHI'S, 4. Leadenhall-street, near the
+  India-house, in whose show-rooms you may lounge away an hour very
+  pleasantly.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">Messrs. Hope and Co.'s New Publications.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">I.</span></p>
+
+  <p>FAC-SIMILE AUTOGRAPH LETTERS of JUNIUS, LORD CHESTERFIELD, and MRS.
+  DAGRALLES; shewing that the Wife of Mr. Solomon Dagralles was the
+  Amanuensis employed in copying the Letters of Junius for the Printer.
+  With a Postscript to the first essay on Junius and his works. By <span
+  class="sc">William Cramp</span>, author of the "Philosophy of Language."
+  Price 2<i>s</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">II.</span></p>
+
+  <p>THE STATESMAN'S PORTFOLIO AND PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW: Consisting of
+  Original Articles and Correspondence on all the important Topics of the
+  day, with a Review of Parliamentary Business. Invaluable to Statesmen and
+  others interested in the Acts of the British Senate. On the 1st of March,
+  to be continued monthly, price 1<i>s</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">Hope</span> and Co., 16. Great Marlborough Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">Price 1<i>d.</i>, by Post 2<i>d.</i>, or 5<i>s.</i> per Hundred for Distribution.</p>
+
+  <p>WESTMINSTER AND DR. WISEMAN; or, FACTS <i>v.</i> FICTION. By <span
+  class="sc">William Page Wood</span>, Esq., M.P., Q.C. Reprinted from
+  <i>The Times</i>, with an Advertisement on the subject of the <span
+  class="sc">Westminster Spiritual Aid Fund</span>, and more especially on
+  the Duty and Justice of applying the Revenues of the suspended Stalls of
+  the Abbey for the adequate Endowment of the District Churches in the
+  immediate neighbourhood.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Second Edition, with an Appendix.</p>
+
+  <p>London: <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, 186. Fleet Street;
+  Messrs. <span class="sc">Rivingtons</span>, St. Paul's Church-yard, and
+  Waterloo Place; and <span class="sc">Thomas Hatchard</span>, 187.
+  Piccadilly; and <i>by Order</i> of all Booksellers.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p><!-- Page 128 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page128"></a>{128}</span></p>
+
+<h2>NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS.</h2>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p>THE CALENDAR OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH ILLUSTRATED. With brief Accounts
+  of the Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names, or whose Images
+  are most frequently met with in England; the early Christian and Medi�val
+  Symbols; and an Index of Emblems. With numerous Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo.
+  10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It is perhaps hardly necessary to observe that this work is of an
+  arch�ological, not of a theological character; the Editor has not
+  considered it his business to examine into the truth or falsehood of the
+  legends of which he narrates the substance; he gives them merely as
+  legends, and in general so much of them only as is necessary to explain
+  why particular emblems were used with a particular saint, or why Churches
+  in a given locality are named after this or that
+  saint."&mdash;<i>Preface.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>THE FAMILY ALMANACK and EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for the YEAR of OUR LORD
+  1851. Containing, in addition to the usual Contents of an Almanack, a
+  List of the Foundation and Grammar Schools in England and Wales; together
+  with an Account of the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them.
+  Post 8vo. 4<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE PAPAL SUPREMACY, its RISE and PROGRESS, traced in Three Lectures.
+  By the Rev. R. <span class="sc">Hussey</span>, B.D., Regius Professor of
+  Ecclesiastical History. Fcap. 8vo. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY CALENDAR for 1851. 12mo. 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE HISTORY of the PELOPONNESIAN WAR, by <span
+  class="sc">Thucydides</span>. The Text of <span class="sc">Arnold</span>,
+  with his Argument. The Indexes now first adapted to his Sections, and the
+  Greek Index greatly enlarged. By the Rev. G. R. P. <span
+  class="sc">Tiddeman</span>, M.A., of Magdalen Hall, Oxford. In 1 thick
+  vol. 8vo. 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A COLLECTION of ANTHEMS used in the Cathedral and Collegiate Churches
+  of England and Wales. By <span class="sc">William Marshall</span>, Mus.
+  Doc., late Organist of Christ Church Cathedral, and of St. John's
+  College, Oxford. Second Edition. 12mo. 3<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>AN ESSAY on the ORIGIN and DEVELOPMENT of WINDOW TRACERY in ENGLAND,
+  with numerous Illustrations. By <span class="sc">Edward A. Freeman,
+  M.A.</span>, late Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford; Author of the
+  "History of Architecture." 8vo. price 21<i>s.</i> in cloth.</p>
+
+  <p>DR. PUSEY'S DEFENCE of HIS OWN PRINCIPLES. A Letter to the Right Hon.
+  and Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of London, in explanation of some
+  Statements contained in a Letter by the Rev. W. Dodsworth. (Second
+  Edition in the Press.)</p>
+
+  <p>A GLOSSARY of TERMS USED in GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, and GOTHIC
+  ARCHITECTURE. Exemplified by upwards of Eighteen Hundred Illustrations,
+  drawn from the best Examples. Fifth Edition. 3 vols. 8vo. cloth, gilt
+  tops, 2<i>l.</i> 8<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>SPECULATION: <span class="sc">A Tale.</span> Fcap. 8vo. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE DAILY SERVICES of the CHURCH of ENGLAND; complete in one portable
+  volume. Price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> bound; or 16<i>s.</i> in
+  morocco.</p>
+
+  <p>SERMONS, MOSTLY ACADEMICAL. With a Preface, containing a Refutation of
+  the Theory founded upon the Syriac Fragments of the Epistles of St.
+  Ignatius. By <span class="sc">Robert Hussey, B.D.</span>, Regius
+  Professor of Ecclesiastical History, late Censor of Christ Church, and
+  Whitehall Preacher. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>LYRA INNOCENTIUM: THOUGHTS in VERSE on CHRISTIAN CHILDREN, their WAYS
+  and their PRIVILEGES. By the Author of "The Christian Year." Fifth and
+  Cheaper Edition. Price in cloth, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; or, neatly bound,
+  with gilt edges, 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE CHRISTIAN YEAR. A Cheaper Edition of this work is now ready. Price
+  in cloth, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; or neatly bound, with gilt edges,
+  2<i>s.</i> It may also be had in various other sizes and prices, from
+  3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> upwards.</p>
+
+  <p>SERMONS CHIEFLY on the RESPONSIBILITIES of the MINISTERIAL OFFICE. By
+  the Rev. <span class="sc">E. Monro</span>. 8vo. 7<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A MANUAL of DAILY PRAYERS, with an Office of Preparation for the Holy
+  Communion, and Companion to the Altar. 18mo. 8<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE CHARACTER of PILATE and the SPIRIT of the AGE. A Course of Sermons
+  preached at the Chapel Royal, Whitehall, by the Rev. <span class="sc">W.
+  Sewell, B.D.</span>, Fellow and Tutor of Exeter College, and Whitehall
+  Preacher. 12mo. price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>KENNETH; or, the REAR-GUARD of the GRAND ARMY. By the Author of "The
+  Kings of England." Fcap. 8vo. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE SEVEN DAYS; or, the OLD and NEW CREATION. By the Author of "The
+  Cathedral." Fcap. 8vo. cloth, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; morocco,
+  14<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE HISTORY of POPISH TRANSUBSTANTIATION. By <span class="sc">John
+  Cosin, DD.</span>, Lord Bishop of Durham. A New Edition, revised, with
+  the Authorities printed in full length, to which is added a Memoir of the
+  Author by the Rev. <span class="sc">J. Brewer, M.A.</span>, of Queen's
+  College, Oxford, and Classical Tutor in King's College, London. Fcap.
+  8vo. 5<i>s</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>COTTAGE PRINTS from SACRED SUBJECTS, intended chiefly for distribution
+  among the Poor. Edited by the Rev. <span class="sc">H. J. Rose,
+  B.D.</span>, Rector of Houghton Conquest, Beds., late Fellow of St.
+  John's College, Cambridge, and the Rev. <span class="sc">John William
+  Burgon, M.A.</span>, Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. To be completed in
+  Twelve Monthly Parts, containing in all at least fifty Prints. Price of
+  the set, 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> Eight Parts are now ready.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Oxford: John Henry Parker; and 377. Strand, London.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 8. New
+  Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride,
+  in the City of London; and published by <span class="sc">George
+  Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in
+  the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street
+  aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, February 15. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 68, February
+15, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+***** This file should be named 22639-h.htm or 22639-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/2/2/6/3/22639/
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
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+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,2218 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 68, February 15,
+1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 68, February 15, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: September 16, 2007 [EBook #22639]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{113} NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 68.]
+SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 15. 1851.
+[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+  NOTES:--                                                   Page
+  Defence of the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots, by
+  J. Payne Collier                                            113
+  "De Navorscher," by Bolton Corney                           114
+  A Bidding at Weddings in Wales, by W. Spurrell              114
+  Coleridge's "Religious Musings"                             115
+  Folk Lore:--Lammer Beads--Engraved Warming-pans--Queen
+  Elizabeth's Christening Cloth                               115
+  Minor Notes:--The Breeches Bible--Origin of the
+  present Race of English--True Blue--"By Hook or
+  by Crook"--Record of Existing Monuments                     115
+
+  QUERIES:--
+  Five Queries and Notes on Books, Men, and Authors           117
+  Minor Queries:--The Witches' Prayer--Water-buckets
+  given to Sheriffs--A Cracow Pike--Meaning
+  of Waste-book--Machell's MS. Collections for
+  Westmoreland and Cumberland--Decking Churches at
+  Christmas--Coinage of Germany--Titles of Peers
+  who are Bishops--At Sixes and Sevens--Shaking
+  Hands--George Steevens--Extradition--Singing of
+  Metrical Psalms and Hymns in Churches--Ormonde
+  Portraits--Tradescant--Arthur's Seat and Salisbury
+  Craigs--Lincoln Missal                                      118
+
+  REPLIES:--
+  Meaning of Eisell, by Samuel Hickson and S. W. Singer       119
+  Descent of Henry IV.                                        120
+  Fossil Elk of Ireland                                       121
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--Coverdale Bible--Epitaph--
+  Probabilism--Old Hewson the Cobbler--Rodolph
+  Gualter--Burning the Hill--"Fronte capillata," &c.--Time
+  when Herodotus wrote--Herstmonceux Castle--Camden
+  and Curwen Families--Joan Sanderson, or the Cushion
+  Dance--North Sides of Churchyards--"Antiquitas
+  Saeculi Juventus Mundi"--Umbrella--Form
+  of Prayer at the Healing                                    122
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                      126
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                127
+  Notices to Correspondents                                   127
+  Advertisements                                              127
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+DEFENCE OF THE EXECUTION OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS.
+
+Allow me to supply a deficiency in my last volume of _Extracts from the
+Registers of the Stationers' Company_, printed by the Shakspeare Society.
+It occurs at p. 224., in reference to an entry of 11th Feb., 1587, in the
+following terms:
+
+    "John Wyndett. Lycensed alsoe to him, under the B. of London hand and
+    Mr. Denham, An Analogie or Resemblance betweene Johane, Queene of
+    Naples, and Marye, Queene of Scotland."
+
+In the note appended to this entry I point out a mistake by Herbert (ii.
+1126. of his _History of Printing_), who fancied that the _Defence of the
+Execution of Mary Queen of Scots_, and Kyffin's _Blessedness of Britain_,
+were the same work; and I add that "the _Analogy_ here entered is not
+recorded among the productions of John Windet's press." This is true; but
+Mr. David Laing, of Edinburgh, has kindly taken the trouble to send me, all
+the way from Scotland, a very rare volume, which proves that the _Analogy_
+in question was printed by Windet in consequence of the registration, and
+that it was, in fact, part of a volume which that printer put forth under
+the following title:
+
+    "A Defence of the Honorable Sentence of Execution of the Queene of
+    Scots: exampled with Analogies, and Diverse Presidents of Emperors,
+    Kings, and Popes. With the Opinions of learned Men in the Point, &c.;
+    together with the Answere to certaine Objections made by the favourites
+    of the late Scottish Queene, &c. At London, printed by John Windet."
+
+It has no date: but it may be supplied by the entry at Stationer's Hall,
+and by the subject of the volume. The first chapter of the work is headed
+"An Analogie or Resemblance betweene Ione, queene of Naples, and Marie,
+queene of Scotland," which are the terms of the entry; and the probability
+seems to be, that when Windet took, or sent, it to be licensed, the book
+had no other title, and that the clerk adopted the heading of the first
+chapter as that of the whole volume. It consists, in fact, of eight
+chapters, besides a "conclusion," and a sort of supplement, with distinct
+signatures (beginning with D, and possibly originally forming part of some
+other work), of Babington's letter to Mary, her letter to Babington, the
+heads of a letter from Mary to Bernardin Mendoza, and "points" out of other
+letters, subscribed by Curle. The whole is a very interesting collection in
+relation to the history and end of Mary Queen of Scots; but nobody who had
+not seen the book could be aware that the entry in the Stationers'
+Registers, of "_An Analogie_," &c., applied to this general _Defence_ of
+her execution. The manner in which the "analogy" is made out may be seen by
+the two first paragraphs, which your readers may like to see quoted:--
+
+    "Ione, Queene of Naples, being in love with the Duke of Tarent, caused
+    her husband Andrasius (or, as {114} some terme him, Andreas), King of
+    Naples (whom she little favoured), to be strangled, in the yeare of our
+    Lord God 1348."
+
+    "Marie, Queene of Scotland, being (as appeareth by the Chronicles of
+    Scotlande and hir owne letters) in love with the Earle of Bothwell,
+    caused hir husband, Henrie Lorde Darley, King of Scotland (whome she
+    made small account of long time before) to be strangled, and the house
+    where he lodged, called Kirk of Fielde, to be blowen up with gunpowder,
+    the 10th of Februarie in the yeare of our Lord God 1567."
+
+In this way the analogy is pursued through twelve pages; but, for my
+present purpose, it is not necessary to extract more of it. I beg leave
+publicly to express my thanks to Mr. Laing for thus enabling me to furnish
+information which I should have been glad to supply, had it been in my
+power, when I prepared volume ii. of _Extracts from the Stationers'
+Registers_.
+
+J. PAYNE COLLIER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DE NAVORSCHER.
+
+An idea recorded in 1841, is to be realized in 1851--which promises, in
+various ways, to be the _annus mirabilis_!
+
+In an appeal to residents at Paris for a transcript of certain inedited
+notes on Jean Paul Marana, which are preserved in the _bibliotheque
+royale_, I made this remark:--
+
+    "If men of letters, of whatever nation, were more disposed to
+    interchange commodities in such a manner, the beneficial effects of it
+    in promoting mutual riches, would soon become visible."--_Gent. Mag._
+    XV. 270. N. S.
+
+The appeal was unsuccessful, and I could not but ascribe the failure of it
+to the want of a convenient channel of communication. A remedy is now
+provided--thanks to the example set at home, and the enterprising spirit of
+Mr. Frederik Muller of Amsterdam.
+
+We contemplate Holland as the school of classical and oriental literature,
+and as the _studio_ of painters and engravers; we admire her delicate
+Elzevirs and her magnificent folios; we commend her for the establishment
+of public libraries, _made available by printed catalogues_; we do justice
+to the discoveries of her early navigators; but we had scarcely heard of
+her vernacular literature before the publications of Bosworth, and Bowring.
+
+As M. Van Kampen observes, "La literature hollandaise est presque inconnue
+aux etrangers a cause de la langue peu repandue qui lui sert d'organe."
+Under such circumstances it may be presumed that many a query will now be
+made, and many a new fact elicited. We may expect, by the means of _De
+Navorscher_, the further gratification of rational curiosity, and the
+improvement of historical and bibliographic literature.
+
+In assuming that some slight credit may be due to one who gives public
+expression to a novel and plausible idea, it may become me to declare that
+I renounce all claim to the substantial merit of having devised the means
+of carrying it into effect.
+
+BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A BIDDING AT WEDDINGS IN WALES.
+
+The practice of "making a bidding" and sending "bidding letters," of which
+the following is a specimen, is so general in most parts of Wales, that
+printers usually keep the form in type, and make alteration in it as
+occasion requires. The custom is confined to servants and mechanics in
+towns; but in the country, farmers of the humbler sort make biddings. Of
+late years tea parties have in Carmarthen been substituted for the bidding;
+but persons attending pay for what they get, and so incur no obligation;
+but givers at a bidding are expected and generally do return "all gifts of
+the above nature whenever called for on a similar occasion." When a bidding
+is made, it is usual for a large procession to accompany the young couple
+to church, and thence to the house where the bidding is held. Accompanying
+is considered an addition to the obligation conferred by the gift. I have
+seen, I dare say, six hundred persons in a wedding procession, and have
+been in one or two myself (when a child). The men walk together and the
+women together to church; but in returning they walk in pairs, or often in
+trios, one man between two women. The last time I was at such a wedding I
+had three strapping wenches attached to my person. In the country they
+ride, and generally there is a desperate race home to the bidding, where
+you would be surprised to see a comely lass, with Welsh hat on head and
+ordinary dress, often take the lead of fifty or a hundred smart fellows
+over rough roads that would shake your Astley riders out of their seats and
+propriety.
+
+    "Carmarthen, October 2. 1850.
+
+    "As we intend to enter the Matrimonial State, on Tuesday, the 22nd of
+    October instant, we are encouraged by our Friends to make a Bidding on
+    the occasion the same day, at the New Market House, near the Market
+    Place; when and where the favour of your good and agreeable company is
+    respectfully solicited, and whatever donation you may be pleased to
+    confer on us then, will be thankfully received, warmly acknowledged,
+    and cheerfully repaid whenever called for on a similar occasion,
+
+    By your most obedient Servants, HENRY JONES, (Shoemaker,) ELIZA DAVIES.
+
+    "The Young Man, his Father (John Jones, Shoemaker), his Sister (Mary
+    Jones), his Grandmother (Nurse Jones), his Uncle and Aunt (George
+    Jones, {115} Painter, and Mary, his wife), and his Aunt (Elizabeth
+    Rees), desire that all gifts due to them be returned to the Young Man
+    on the above day, and will be thankful for all additional favours.
+
+    "The Young Woman, her Father and Mother (Evan Davies, Pig-drover, and
+    Margaret, his wife), and her Brother and Sisters (John, Hannah, Jane,
+    and Anne Davies), desire that all gifts of the above nature due to them
+    be returned to the Young Woman on the above day, and will be thankful
+    for all additional favours conferred."
+
+W. SPURRELL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COLERIDGE'S "RELIGIOUS MUSINGS."
+
+Some readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" may be interested in a reading of a few
+lines in this poem which varies from that given in Pickering's edition of
+the _Poems_, 1844. In that edition the verses I refer to stand thus (p.
+69):
+
+ "For in his own, and in his Father's might,
+  The Saviour comes! While as the Thousand Years
+  Lead up their mystic dance, the Desert shouts!
+  Old Ocean claps his hands! The mighty Dead
+  Rise to new life, whoe'er from earliest time
+  With conscious zeal had urged Love's wondrous plan,
+  Coadjutors of God."
+
+I happen to be in possession of these lines as originally written, in
+Coleridge's own hand, on a detached piece of paper. It will be seen that
+they have been much altered in the printed edition above cited. I am now
+copying from Coleridge's autograph:
+
+ "For in his own, and in his Father's Might,
+  Heaven blazing in his train, the SAVIOUR comes!
+  To solemn symphonies of Truth and Love
+  The THOUSAND YEARS lead up their mystic dance.
+  Old Ocean claps his hands, the Desert shouts,
+  And vernal Breezes wafting seraph sounds
+  Melt the primaeval North. The Mighty Dead
+  Rise from their tombs, whoe'e[r] from earliest time
+  With conscious zeal had aided the vast plan
+  Of Love Almighty."
+
+The variations of the printed poem from this MS. fragment appear to me of
+sufficient importance to warrant my supposition that many readers and
+admirers of Coleridge may be glad to have the original text restored.
+
+H. G. T.
+
+Launceston.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Lammer Beads_--Lammer, or Lama beads are so called from an order of
+priests of that name among the western Tartars. The Lamas are extremely
+superstitious, and pretend to magic. Amber was in high repute as a charm
+during the plague of London, and was worn by prelates of the Church. John
+Baptist Van Helmont (_Ternary of Paradoxes_, London, 1650) says, that
+
+    "A translucid piece of amber rubbed on the jugular artery, on the hand
+    wrists, near the instep, and on the throne of the heart, and then hung
+    about the neck,"
+
+was a most certain preventative of (if not a cure for) the plague; the
+profound success of which Van Helmont attributes to its magnetic or
+sympathetic virtue.
+
+BLOWEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Engraved Warming-pans_.--Allow me to add another illustration to the list
+furnished by H. G. T., p. 84. One which I purchased a few years ago of a
+cottager at Shotover, in Oxfordshire, has the royal arms surmounted by
+C. R., and surrounded by
+
+    "FEARE GOD HONNOR Y^E KING, 1662."
+
+The lid and pan are of brass, the handle of iron.
+
+E. B. PRICE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Queen Elizabeth's Christening Cloth_.--The mention (in the first No. of
+your 3rd Vol.) of some damasked linen which belonged to James II. reminds
+me of a relic which I possess, and the description of which may interest
+some of your readers.
+
+It is the half of Queen Elizabeth's christening cloth, which came into my
+possession through a Mrs. Goodwin. A scrap of paper which accompanies it
+gives the following account of it:
+
+    "It was given by an old lady to Mrs. Goodwin; she obtained it from one
+    of the Strafford family, who was an attendant upon the Queen. The other
+    half Mrs. Goodwin has seen at High Fernby, in Yorkshire, a place
+    belonging to the family of the Rooks, in high preservation. In its
+    original state, it was lined with a rose-coloured lutestring, with a
+    flounce of the same about a quarter deep. The old lady being very
+    notable, found some use for the silk, and used to cover the china which
+    stood in the best parlour with this remains of antiquity."
+
+The christening cloth is of a thread net, worked in with blue and yellow
+silk, and gold cord. It must have been once very handsome, but is now
+somewhat the worse for wear and time. It is about 21/2 feet wide and 31/2 feet
+in length, so that the entire length must have been about 7 feet.
+
+Can any one inform me whether the remaining half of this interesting relic
+STILL exists; as the notice attached to it, and mentioning its locality,
+must now be fifty years old at least?
+
+H. A. B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_The Breeches Bible_.--The able and interesting article on the Breeches
+Bible which appeared in a late number of "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. iii., p.
+17.) is calculated to remove the deep-rooted popular error which affixes
+great pecuniary value to {116} every edition of the Bible in which the
+words "made themselves breeches" are to be found, by showing that such
+Bibles are generally only worth about as many shillings as they are
+supposed to be worth pounds. It is worth noting, with reference to this
+translation, that in the valuable early English version, known as
+Wickliffe's Bible, just published by the university of Oxford, the passage
+in Genesis (cap. iii. v. 7.) is translated "thei soweden togidre leeues of
+a fige tree and maden hem brechis."
+
+EFFESSA.
+
+_Origin of the present Race of English._--In Southey's _Letters of
+Espriella_ (Letter xxiv., p. 274., 3rd edit.), there is a remark, that the
+dark hair of the English people, as compared with the Northern Germans,
+seems to indicate a considerable admixture of southern blood. Now, in all
+modern ethnological works, this fact of present complexion seems to be
+entirely overlooked. But it is a fact, and deserves attention. Either it is
+the effect of climate, in which case the moral as well as the physical man
+must have altered from the original stock, or it arises from there being
+more "ungerman" blood flowing in English veins than is acknowledged. May I
+hazard a few conjectures?
+
+1. Are we not apt to underrate the number of Romanised Celts remaining in
+England after the Saxon Conquest? The victors would surely enslave a vast
+multitude, and marry many Celtic women; while those who fled at the first
+danger would gradually return to their old haunts. Under such
+circumstances, that the language should have been changed is no wonder.
+
+2. Long before the Norman Conquest there was a great intercourse between
+England and France, and many settlers from the latter country came over
+here. This, by the way, may account for that gradual change of the
+Anglo-Saxon language mentioned as observable prior to the Conquest.
+
+3. The army of the Conqueror was recruited from all parts of France, and
+was not simply Norman. When the men who composed it came into possession of
+this country, they clearly must have sent home for their wives and
+families; and many who took no part in the invasion no doubt came to share
+the spoils. Taking this into account, we shall find the Norman part of the
+population to have borne no small proportion to the _then_ inhabitants of
+England. It is important to bear in mind the probable increase of
+population since 1066 A.D.
+
+TERRA MARTIS.
+
+_True Blue._--I find the following account of this phrase in my note-book,
+but I cannot at present say whence I obtained it:--
+
+    "The first assumption of the phrase 'true blue' was by the Covenanters
+    in opposition to the scarlet badge of Charles I., and hence it was
+    taken by the troops of Leslie in 1639. The adoption of the colour was
+    one of those religious pedantries in which the Covenanters affected a
+    Pharisaical observance of the scriptural letter and the usages of the
+    Hebrews; and thus, as they named their children Habakkuk and
+    Zerubbabel, and their chapels Zion and Ebenezer, they decorated their
+    persons with blue ribbons because the following sumptuary precept was
+    given in the law of Moses:--
+
+    "'Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them to make to themselves
+    fringes on the borders of their garments, putting in them ribbons of
+    blue.'"--_Numb._ xv. 38.
+
+E. L. N.
+
+"_By Hook or by Crook._"--The destruction caused by the Fire of London,
+A.D. 1666, during which some 13,200 houses, &c., were burnt down, in very
+many cases obliterated all the boundary-marks requisite to determine the
+extent of land, and even the very sites occupied by buildings, previously
+to this terrible visitation. When the rubbish was removed, and the land
+cleared, the disputes and entangled claims of those whose houses had been
+destroyed, both as to the position and extent of their property, promised
+not only interminable occupation to the courts of law, but made the far
+more serious evil of delaying the rebuilding of the city, until these
+disputes were settled, inevitable. Impelled by the necessity of coming to a
+more speedy settlement of their respective claims than could be hoped for
+from legal process, it was determined that the claims and interests of all
+persons concerned should be referred to the judgment and decision of two of
+the most experienced land-surveyors of that day,--men who had been
+thoroughly acquainted with London previously to the fire; and in order to
+escape from the numerous and vast evils which mere delay must occasion,
+that the decision of these two arbitrators should be final and binding. The
+surveyors appointed to determine the rights of the various claimants were
+Mr. Hook and Mr. Crook, who by the justice of their decisions gave general
+satisfaction to the interested parties, and by their speedy determination
+of the different claims, permitted the rebuilding of the city to proceed
+without the least delay. Hence arose the saying above quoted, usually
+applied to the extrication of persons or things from a difficulty. The
+above anecdote was told the other evening by an old citizen upwards of
+eighty, by no means of an imaginative temperament.
+
+J. D. S.
+
+Putney, Feb. 1. 1851.
+
+    [We insert the above, as one of the many explanations which have been
+    given of this very popular phrase--although we believe the correct
+    origin to be the right of taking _fire-bote by hook or by crook_. See
+    NOTES AND QUERIES, Vol. i., pp. 281. and 405.]
+
+_Record of Existing Monuments._--I have some time since read your remarks
+in Vol. iii., p. 14. of "NOTES AND QUERIES," on the Rev. J. Hewett's
+_Monumentarum_ of Exeter Cathedral, and intend in {117} a short time to
+follow the advice you have there given to "superabundant brass-rubbers," of
+copying the inscriptions in the churches and churchyards of the hundred of
+Manley. The plan I intend to pursue is, to copy in full every inscription
+of an earlier date than 1750; also, all more modern ones which are in any
+way remarkable as relating to distinguished persons, or containing any
+peculiarity worthy of note. The rest I shall reduce into a tabular form.
+
+The inscriptions of each church I shall arrange chronologically, and form
+an alphabetical index to each inscription in the hundred.
+
+By this means I flatter myself a great mass of valuable matter may be
+accumulated, a transcript of which may not be entirely unworthy of a place
+on the shelves of the British Museum.
+
+I have taken the liberty of informing you of my intention, and beg that if
+you can suggest to me any plan which is better calculated for the purpose
+than the one I have described, you will do so.
+
+Would it not be possible, if a few persons in each county were to begin to
+copy the inscriptions on the plan that I have described, that in process of
+time a copy of every inscription in every church in England might be ready
+for reference in our national library?
+
+Perhaps you will have the goodness, if you know of any one who like myself
+is about to undertake the task of copying inscriptions in his own
+neighbourhood, to inform me, that I may communicate with him, so that, if
+possible, our plans may be in unison.
+
+EDW. PEACOCK, JUN.
+
+Bottesford Moors, Messingham, Kirton Lindsey.
+
+    [We trust the example set by Mr. Hewett, and now about to be followed
+    by our correspondent, is destined to find many imitators.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+FIVE QUERIES AND NOTES ON BOOKS, MEN, AND AUTHORS.
+
+1. _Newburgh Hamilton_.--Can any of your readers inform me who Newburgh
+Hamilton was? He wrote two pieces in my library, viz. (1.) _Petticoat
+Plotter_, a farce in two acts; acted at Drury Lane and Lincoln's Inn
+Fields, London, 1720, 12mo. This has been mutilated by Henry Ward, a York
+comedian, and actually printed by him as his _own_ production, in the
+collection of plays and poems going under his name, published in 1745,
+8vo., a copy of which I purchased at Nassau's sale, many years since. (2.)
+_The Doating Lovers, or the Libertine Tamed_, a comedy in five acts; acted
+in Lincoln's Inn Fields. It is dedicated to the Duchess of Hamilton and
+Brandon, whose "elegant taste and nice judgment in the most polite
+entertainments of the age," as well as her "piercing wit," are eulogised.
+Accident gave me a copy of Mr. Hamilton's book-plate, which consists of the
+crest and motto of the ducal race of Hamilton in a very curious
+framework,--the top being a row of music-books, whilst the sides and bottom
+are decorated with musical instruments, indicative, probably, of the tastes
+of Mr. Hamilton.
+
+2. _The Children's Petition._--I have also a very extraordinary little
+book, of which I never saw another copy. It formerly belonged to Michael
+Lort, and is entitled
+
+    "The Children's Petition, or a Modest Remonstrance of that Intolerable
+    Grievance our Youth lie under, in the accustomed Severities of the
+    School Discipline of this Nation. Humbly presented to the Consideration
+    of the Parliament. Licensed Nov. 10. 1669, by Roger L'Estrange. London,
+    1669. 18mo."
+
+The object of this most singular production is to put down the flagellation
+of boys in that particular part of the body wherein honour is said to be
+placed; and the arguments adduced are not very easily answered. The author,
+whoever he was, had reason, as well as learning, on his side. I am not
+aware of any other copy north the Tweed; but there may be copies in some of
+the libraries south of that river.
+
+3. _Dr. Anthony Horneck._--Do any of the letters of the once celebrated Dr.
+Anthony Horneck exist in any library, public or private? His only daughter
+married Mr. Barneveldt; and his son, who served with Marlborough, left
+issue, which failed in the male line, but still exists in the female line,
+in the representative of Henry William Bunting, Esq., the caricaturist. The
+writer of these Queries is the direct descendant of Mrs. Barneveldt, and is
+anxious to know whether any unpublished MSS. of his ancestors still exist.
+There was a Philip Horneck who in 1709 published an ode inscribed to his
+excellency the Earl of Wharton, wherein he is described as LL.B., a copy of
+which I have. There can be no doubt he is the individual introduced by Pope
+in the _Dunciad_, book iii. line 152.; but what I wish to know is, whether
+he was a son of Dr. Horneck, and a brother of the general.
+
+4. In Clifford's _History of the Paul of Tixall_, the name of the real
+author of _Gaudentio di Lucca_ is given. Every reliance may be attached to
+the accuracy of the information there given, not only on account of the
+undoubted respectability of the author, but from the evident means of
+knowledge which he, as a Roman Catholic of distinction, must have had.
+
+5. _The Travels of Baron Munchausen_ were written to ridicule Bruce, the
+Abyssinian traveller, whose adventures were at the time deemed fictitious.
+Bruce was a most upright, honest man, and recorded nothing but what he had
+seen; nevertheless, as is always the case, a host of detractors buzzed
+about him, and he was so much vexed at the impeachment of his veracity,
+that he let them get their own way. Munchausen, a veritable {118} name--the
+real possessor of which died in October, 1817--was assumed, and poor Bruce
+was travestied very cleverly, but most unjustly. The real author has not
+been ascertained; but at one time it was believed to have been James
+Grahame, afterwards a Scotch barrister, and author of a poem of much
+beauty, called _The Sabbath_. Circumstances which came to my knowledge,
+coupled with the exceedingly loveable character of Grahame, render this
+belief now incredible; but undoubtedly he knew who the real author was. The
+copy in my library is in two volumes: the _first_, said to be the second
+edition, "considerably enlarged, and ornamented with twenty explanatory
+engravings from original designs," is entitled _Gulliver Revived: or the
+Vice of Lying properly exposed_, and was printed for the Kearsleys, at
+London, 1793. The _second_ volume is called _A Sequel to the Adventures of
+Baron Munchausen_, and is described as "a new edition, with twenty capital
+copperplates, including the Baron's portrait; humbly dedicated to Mr.
+Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller," was published by H. D. Symonds,
+Paternoster Row, 1796. I had for years sought for an original copy of this
+very singular work, and I at last was so successful as to purchase the one
+above described, which had been picked up by a bookseller at the sale of
+some books originally forming part of the library at Hoddam Castle.
+
+On looking over a copy of Sir John Mandeville,
+
+    "Printed for J. Osborne, near Dockhead, Southwark; and James Hodges, at
+    the Looking Glass, on London Bridge:"
+
+I observe he gives--at least there--no account whatever of his
+peregrinations to the polar regions; and the notion of ascribing to him the
+story of the frozen words is preposterous. I have not in my library, but
+have read, the best edition of Sir John's _Travels_ (I don't mean the
+abominable reprint), but I do not remember anything of the kind there.
+Indeed Sir John, like Marco Polo, was perfectly honest, though some of
+their informants may not have been so.
+
+J. ME.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_The Witches' Prayer._--Can you inform me where I can find the epigram
+alluded to by Addison, in No. 61. of the _Spectator_, as "The Witches'
+Prayer," which falls into verse either way, only that it reads "cursing"
+one way, and "blessing" the other? Or is the epigram only a creation of the
+pleasing author's fertile imagination?
+
+DOUBTFUL.
+
+St. John's Wood.
+
+_Water-buckets given to Sheriffs._--Can any of your readers inform me the
+origin of the delivery of water-buckets, glazed and painted with the city
+arms, given to the sheriffs of London and Middlesex at the expiration of
+the year of their shrievalty?
+
+J. B. K.
+
+Temple.
+
+_A Cracow Pike._--Can any of your readers tell me what _a Cracow pike_ is?
+I have searched Meyrick's works on _Ancient Armour_ without finding any
+notice of such a weapon; but as those works have no indexes one cannot be
+certain that there may not be some mention of it. I shall be obliged by a
+description of the Cracow pike, or a reference to any authorities
+mentioning it, or its use.
+
+I. H. T.
+
+_Meaning of Waste Book._--Can you or any of your readers inform me the
+origin of the term used in book-keeping, viz., _"Waste" book_?
+
+I am the book-keeper and cashier in an extensive firm, and I know there is
+very little _wasted_ that goes into our books bearing that name.
+
+ONE WHO OFTEN RUNS FOR THE GREAT LEDGER.
+
+_Machell's MS. Collections for Westmoreland and Cumberland._--In the
+library of the dean and chapter at Carlisle, are preserved six volumes in
+folio, which purport to be _Collections for the History of Westmoreland and
+Cumberland, made in the Reign of Charles II., by the Reverend Thomas
+Machell_. Have these collections been carefully examined, and their
+contents made use of in any topographical publication?
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Decking Churches at Christmas._--Does the custom of dressing the churches
+at Christmas with holly, and other evergreens, prevail in any country
+besides England?
+
+L.
+
+_Coinage of Germany._--I should wish to be referred to the names of the
+principal works on the coinage of Germany; not merely the imperial, but
+that of sovereign prelates, abbeys, &c., that struck money.
+
+A. N.
+
+_Titles of Peers who are Bishops_ (Vol. iii., p. 23.).--Why is Lord Crewe
+always called so, and not Bishop of Durham, considering his spiritual
+precedency? Was not Lord Bristol (who was an Earl) always called Bishop of
+Derry?
+
+Cx.
+
+_At Sixes and Sevens._--Shakspeare uses the well-known adage--"at sixes and
+sevens;" Bacon, Hudibras, Arbuthnot, Swift, all use the proverb. Why should
+sixes and sevens be more congruous with disorder than "twos and threes?"
+and whence comes the saying?
+
+D. C.
+
+_Shaking Hands._--What is the origin of the custom of _shaking hands_ in
+token of friendship? And were the _clasped hands_ (now the common symbol of
+Benefit Clubs) ever used as a signet, prior to their adoption as such by
+the early Christians in their wedding rings; or, did these rings {119} bear
+any other motto, or posy, than "Fides annulus castus" (i. e. _simplex et
+sine gemma_)?
+
+J. SANSOM.
+
+_George Steevens._--Can any of your readers inform me whether a memoir of
+George Steevens, the Shakspearian commentator, ever was published? Of
+course I have seen the biographical sketch in the _Gentleman's Magazine_,
+the paragraph in Nichols' _Anecdotes_, and many like incidental notices.
+Steevens, who died in January, 1800, left the bulk of his property to his
+cousin, Miss Elizabeth Steevens, of Poplar; and as there is no reservation
+nor special bequest in the will, I presume she took possession of his books
+and manuscripts. The books were sold by auction; but what has become of the
+manuscripts?
+
+A. Z.
+
+_Extradition._--The discussion which was occasioned, some time ago, by the
+sudden transference of the word _extradition_ into our diplomatic
+phraseology, must be still in the recollection of your readers. Some were
+opposed to this change on the ground that _extradition_ is not English;
+others justified its adoption, for the very reason that we have no
+corresponding term for it; and one gentleman resolved the question by
+urging that, "si le mot n'est pas Anglais, il merite de l'etre." I believe
+there is no reference in "NOTES AND QUERIES" to this controversy; nor do I
+now refer to it with any intention of reviving discussion on a point which
+seems to have been set at rest by the acquiescence of public opinion. I
+wish merely to put one or two Queries, which have been suggested to me by
+the _fact_ that _extradition_ is now generally employed as an English word.
+
+1. Is there any contingency in which the meaning of the word _extradition_
+may not be sufficiently expressed by the verb _to deliver up_, or the
+substantive _restitution_?
+
+2. If so, how has its place been supplied heretofore in our diplomatic
+correspondence?
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia, Dec. 1850.
+
+_Singing of Metrical Psalms and Hymns in Churches._--1. When and how did
+the custom of singing metrical psalms and hymns in churches originate? 2.
+By what authority was it sanctioned? 3. At what parts of the service were
+these psalms and hymns directed to be introduced? 4. Was this custom
+contemplated by the compilers of the Book of Common Prayer?
+
+ARUN.
+
+_Ormonde Portraits._--I shall feel much obliged by information on the
+following points:--
+
+1. Whether _any_ portrait of Thomas Earl of Ormonde has been published? He
+died in the year 1614.
+
+2. _How many_ engraved portraits of Thomas, the famous Lord Ossory, have
+been issued? their dates, and the engravers' names.
+
+3. _How many_ engraved portraits of the first and second Dukes of Ormonde,
+respectively, have appeared? their dates, and engravers' names.
+
+JAMES GRAVES.
+
+Kilkenny, Jan. 31. 1851.
+
+_Tradescant._--In the inscription on the tomb of the Tradescants in Lambeth
+churchyard, which it is proposed to restore as soon as possible, these two
+lines occur:
+
+ "These famous antiquarians, that had been
+  Both gardeners to the Rose and Lily queen."
+
+Can any of your readers inform me _when_ the elder Tradescant came over to
+England, and when he was appointed royal gardener? Was it not in the reign
+of Elizabeth?
+
+J. C. B.
+
+Lambeth.
+
+_Arthur's Seat and Salisbury Craigs._--L. M. M. R. is very anxious to be
+informed as to the origin of the name of Arthur's Seat and Salisbury
+Craigs, the well-known hill and rocks close to Edinburgh.
+
+_Lincoln Missal._--Is a manuscript of the missal, according to the use of
+the church of Lincoln, known to exist? and, if so, where may it be seen?
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK, JUN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+MEANING OF EISELL.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 66.)
+
+I must beg a very small portion of your space to reply to your
+correspondent H. K. S. C., who criticises so pleasantly my remarks on the
+meaning of "eisell." The question is: Does the meaning MR. SINGER attaches
+to this word require in the passage cited the expression of quantity to
+make it definite? I am disposed to think that a definite quantity may be
+sometimes understood, in a well-defined act, although it be _not_
+expressed. On the other hand, your correspondent should know that English
+idiom requires that the name of a river should be preceded by the definite
+article, unless it be personified; and that whenever it is used without the
+article, it is represented by the personal pronoun _he_. Though a man were
+able "to drink _the Thames_ dry," he could no more "drink up _Thames_" than
+he could drink up _Neptune_, or the sea-serpent, or do any other impossible
+feat.
+
+I observed before, that "the notion of drinking up a river would be both
+unmeaning and out of place." I said this, with the conviction that there
+was a purpose in everything that Shakspeare wrote; and being still of this
+persuasion, allow me to protest against the terms "mere verbiage" and
+"extravagant rant," which your correspondent applies to the passage in
+question. The poet does not present common things as they appear to all
+men. Shakspeare's art was equally great, {120} whether he spoke with the
+tongues of madmen or philosophers. H. K. S. C. cannot conceive why each
+feat of daring should be a tame possibility, save only the last; but I say
+that they are _all_ possible; that it was a daring to do not impossible but
+extravagant feats. As far as quantity is concerned, to eat a crocodile
+would be more than to eat an ox. Crocodile may be a very delicate meat, for
+anything I know to the contrary; but I must confess it appears to me to be
+introduced as something loathsome or repulsive, and (on the poet's part) to
+cap the absurdity of the preceding feat. The use made by other writers of a
+passage is one of the most valuable kinds of comment. In a burlesque some
+years ago, I recollect a passage was brought to a climax with the very
+words, "Wilt eat a crocodile?" The immediate and natural response
+was--_not_ "the thing's impossible!" but--"you nasty beast!" What a descent
+then from the drinking up of a river to a merely disagreeable repast. In
+the one case the object is clear and intelligible, and the last feat is
+suggested by the not so difficult but little less extravagant preceding
+one; in the other, each is unmeaning (in reference to the speaker),
+unsuggested, and, unconnected with the other; and, regarding the order an
+artist would observe, out of place.
+
+SAMUEL HICKSON.
+
+St. John's Wood, Jan. 27. 1851.
+
+P.S. In replying to Mr. G. STEPHENS, in reference to the meaning of a
+passage in the _Tempest_, I expressed a wish that he would give the meaning
+of what he called a "common ellipsis" "stated _at full_." This stands in
+your columns (Vol. ii., p. 499.) "at first," in which expression I am
+afraid he would be puzzled to find any meaning.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I might safely leave H. K. S. C. to the same gentle correction bestowed
+upon a neighbour of his at Brixton some time since, by MR. HICKSON, but I
+must not allow him to support his dogmatic and flippant hypercriticism by
+falsehood and unfounded insinuation, and I therefore beg leave to assure
+him that I have no claim to the enviable distinction of being designated as
+the friend of MR. HICKSON, to whom I am an utter stranger, having never
+seen him, and knowing nothing of that gentleman but what his very valuable
+communications to your publication conveys.
+
+I have further to complain of the want of truth in the very first paragraph
+of your correspondent's note: the question respecting the meaning of
+"Eisell" does _not_ "remain substantially where Steevens and Malone left
+it;" for I have at least shown that _Eisell_ meant _Wormwood_, and that
+Shakspeare has elsewhere undoubtedly used it in that sense.
+
+Again: the remark about the fashion of extravagant feats, such as
+swallowing nauseous draughts in honour of a mistress, was quite uncalled
+for. Your correspondent would insinuate that I attribute to Shakspeare's
+time "what in reality belongs to the age of Du Guesclin and the
+Troubadours." Does he mean to infer that it did not in reality equally
+belong to Shakspeare's age? or that I was ignorant of its earlier
+prevalence?
+
+The purport of such remarks is but too obvious; but he may rest assured
+that they will not tend to strengthen his argument, if argument it can be
+called, for I must confess I do not understand what he means by his
+"definite quantity." But the phrase _drink up_ is his stalking-horse; and
+as he is no doubt familiar with the _Nursery Rhymes_[1], a passage in
+them--
+
+ "Eat up your cake, Jenny,
+  _Drink up_ your wine."
+
+may perhaps afford him further apt illustration.
+
+The proverb tells us "It is dangerous playing with edge tools," and so it
+is with bad puns: he has shown himself an unskilful engineer in the use of
+MR. HICKSON's canon, with which he was to have "blown up" MR. HICKSON's
+argument and my proposition; with what success may be fairly left to the
+judgment of your readers. I will, however, give him another canon, which
+may be of use to him on some future occasion: "When a probable solution of
+a difficulty is to be found by a parallelism in the poet's pages, it is
+better to adopt it than to charge him with a blunder of our own creating."
+
+The allusion to "breaking Priscian's head" reminds one of the remark of a
+witty friend on a similar occasion, that "there are some heads not easily
+broken, but the owners of them have often the fatuity to run them against
+stumbling-blocks of their own making."
+
+S. W. SINGER.
+
+[Footnote 1: _Nursery Rhymes_, edited by James Orchard Halliwell, Esq., F.
+R. S., &c.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DESCENT OF HENRY IV.
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 375.)
+
+Under the head of "Descent of Edward IV.," S. A. Y. asks for information
+concerning "a popular, though probably groundless tradition," by which that
+prince sought to prove his title to the throne of England. S. A. Y., or his
+authority, Professor Millar, is mistaken in ascribing it to Edward IV.--it
+was Henry IV. who so sought to establish his claim.
+
+    "Upon Richard II.'s resignation ... Henry, Duke of Lancaster, having
+    then a large army in the kingdom ... it was impossible for any other
+    title to be asserted with safety, and he became king under the title of
+    Henry IV. He was, nevertheless, not admitted to the crown until he had
+    declared that he {121} claimed, not as a conqueror (which he was much
+    inclined to do), but as a successor descended by right line of the
+    blood royal.... And in order to this he set up a show of two titles:
+    the one upon the pretence of being the first of the blood royal of the
+    entire male line; whereas the Duke of Clarence (Lionel, elder brother
+    of John of Gaunt) left only one daughter, Philippa: the other, by
+    reviving an exploded rumour, first propagated by John of Gaunt, that
+    Edmond Earl of Lancaster (to whom Henry's mother was heiress) was in
+    reality the elder brother of King Edward I., though his parents, on
+    account of his personal deformity, had imposed him on the world for the
+    younger."--Blackstone's _Commentaries_, book i. ch. iii. p. 203. of
+    edit. 1787.
+
+This Edmond, Earl of Lancaster, was succeeded by his son Thomas, who in the
+fifteenth year of the reign of Edward II. was attainted of high treason. In
+the first of Edward III. his attainder was reversed, and his son Henry
+inherited his titles, and subsequently was created Duke of Lancaster.
+Blanche, daughter of Henry, first Duke of Lancaster, subsequently became
+his heir, and was second wife to John of Gaunt, and mother to Henry IV.
+
+Edward IV.'s claim to the throne was by descent from Lionel, Duke of
+Clarence, third son of Edward III., his mother being Cicely, youngest
+daughter of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland. Lionel married Elizabeth
+de Burgh, an Irish heiress, who died shortly after, leaving one daughter,
+Philippa. As William of Hatfield, second son of Edward III., died at an
+early age, without issue, according to all our ideas of hereditary
+succession Philippa, only child of Edward III.'s third son, ought to have
+inherited before the son of his fourth son; and Sir Edward Coke expressly
+declares, that the right of the crown was in the descent from Philippa,
+daughter and heir of Lionel, Duke of Clarence. Henry IV.'s right, however,
+was incontestable, being based on overwhelming might. Philippa married
+Edward Mortimer, Earl of March. Roger, their son, succeeded his father in
+his titles, and left one daughter, Anne, who married Richard, Earl of
+Cambridge, son of Edmund Langley, Duke of York, which Edmund, Duke of York,
+was the fifth son of Edward III.; and thus the line of York, though a
+younger branch of the royal family, took precedence, _de jure_, of the
+Lancaster line. From this union sprang Richard, Duke of York, who was
+killed under the walls of Sandal Castle, and who left his titles and
+pretensions to Edward, afterwards the fourth king of that name.
+
+The above is taken from several authorities, among which are Blackstone's
+_Comm._, book i. ch. iii.; and Miss Strickland's _Lives of the Queens of
+England_, vols. ii. iii. iv.
+
+TEE BEE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOSSIL ELK OF IRELAND.
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 494.; Vol. iii., p. 26.)
+
+W. R. C. states that he is anxious to collect all possible information as
+to this once noble animal. I would have offered the following notes and
+references sooner, but that I was confident that some abler contributor to
+the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES" would have brought out of his stores much
+to interest your natural history readers (whose Queries I regret are so few
+and far between), and at the same time elucidate some points touched upon
+by W. R. C., as to the period of its becoming extinct. Perhaps he would
+favour me with the particulars of "its being shot in 1553," and a
+particular reference to the plate alluded to in the _Nuremberg Chronicle_,
+as I have not been able to recognise in _any_ of its plates the Cervus
+Megaceros, and I am disposed to question the correctness of the statement,
+that the animal existed so lately as the period referred to.
+
+There is in the splendid collections of the Royal Dublin Society (which,
+unfortunately, is not arranged as it should be, from want of proper space),
+a fine _skeleton_ of this animal, the _first_ perfect one possessed by any
+public body in Europe:
+
+    "It is perfect" [I quote the admirable memoir drawn up for the Royal
+    Dublin Society by that able comparative anatomist Dr. John Hart, which
+    will amply repay a perusal by W. R. C., or any other naturalist who may
+    feel an interest in the subject] "in every single bone of the framework
+    which contributes to form a part of the general outline, the spine, the
+    chest, the pelvis, and the extremities are all complete in this
+    respect; and when surmounted by the head and _beautifully expanded
+    antlers_, which extend out to a distance of nearly six feet on either
+    side, form a splendid display of the reliques of the former grandeur of
+    the animal kingdom, and carries back the imagination to the period when
+    whole herds of this noble animal wandered at large over the face of the
+    country."
+
+Until Baron Cuvier published his account of these remains, they were
+generally supposed to be the same as those of the Moose deer or elk of N.
+America. (Vide _Ann. du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle_, tom. xii., and
+_Ossemens Fossiles_, tom. iv.) This error seems to have originated with Dr.
+Molyneux in 1697. (Vide _Phil. Trans._, vol. xix.)
+
+The perforated rib referred to was presented to the society by Archdeacon
+Maunsell, and
+
+    "contains an oval opening towards its lower edge, the long diameter of
+    which is parallel to the length of the rib, its margin is depressed on
+    the outer and raised on the inner surface; round which there is an
+    irregular effusion of callus.... In fact, such a wound as would be
+    produced by the head of an arrow remaining in the wound after the shaft
+    had broken off."--Hart's _Memoir_, p. 29.
+
+There are in the Museum of Trinity College, Dublin, a very complete and
+interesting series of {122} antlered skulls of this animal. Should W. R. C.
+or any other reader of "NOTES AND QUERIES," desire further information on
+this subject, I will gladly, if in my power, afford it.
+
+S. P. H. T. (a M. R. D. S.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Coverdale Bible_ (Vol. iii., p. 54.).--Your correspondent ECHO is quite
+right in declaring Mr. Granville Penn's statement, that Coverdale used
+Tyndale's _New Test_. in his Bible of 1535, to be quite wrong. Mr. Penn
+very probably took his statement from the Preface to D'Oyley and Mant's
+Bible, as published by the Christian Knowledge Society, which contains a
+very erroneous account of the earliest English versions.
+
+Tyndale's version of the New Testament was not incorporated in any version
+of the whole Bible till the publication of what is called Matthewe's Bible
+in 1537.
+
+For more particular statements confirmed by proofs, your correspondent may
+consult Anderson's _Annals of the English Bible_, under the dates of the
+respective editions, or his appendix to vol. ii., pp. viii., ix.; or Mr.
+Pearson's biographical notice of Coverdale, prefixed to the Parker Soc.
+edit. of his _Remains_; or the biographical notice of Tyndale, prefixed to
+the Parker Soc. edit. of his Works, pp. lxxiv., lxxv.; or _Two Letters to
+Bishop Marsh on the Independence of the Authorised Version_, published for
+me by Hatchard in 1827 and 1828.
+
+HENRY WALTER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Epitaph_ (Vol. iii., p. 57.).--The name of the "worthie knyght" is _Sir
+Thomas Gravener_, as A. B. R. might have seen in the printed Catalogue of
+the Harleian MSS. Who he was, is a more difficult question to answer; but
+there was a family of that name settled in Staffordshire, as appears from
+MS. Harl. 1476. fol. 250. The epitaph in question (at fol. 28 b of the old
+numbering, or 24 b of the new, _not_ fol. 25 b.) is inserted among several
+short poems written by Sir Thomas Wyatt; and the epitaph itself has a
+capital W affixed to it, as if it were also of his composition: but I do
+not find it inserted in Dr. Nott's edition of his poetical works, in 1816;
+nor does this MS. appear to have been consulted by Dr. Nott. And here I may
+take the liberty of remarking, how desirable it is that your
+correspondents, in sending any extracts from old English MSS. to the "NOTES
+AND QUERIES," should adhere strictly to the original orthography, or else
+modernise it altogether. A. B. R. evidently intends to retain the ancient
+spelling; yet, from haste or inadvertence, he has committed no less than
+forty-four _literal_ errors in transcribing this short epitaph, and three
+_verbal_ ones, namely, _itt_ for _that_ (l. 11.), _Hys_ for _The_ (l. 14.),
+and _or_ for _and_ (l. 17.). Another curious source of error may here be
+pointed out. Nearly all the MSS. contained in the British Museum
+collections are not only distinguished by a number, but have a _press-mark_
+stamped on the back, which is denoted by _Plut._ (an abbreviation of
+_Pluteus_, press), with the number and shelf. Thus the Harleian MS. 78.,
+referred to by A. B. R., stands in _press_ (_Plut._) LXIII. _shelf_ E. In
+consequence of the Cottonian collection having been originally designated
+after the names of the twelve Caesars (whose busts, together with those of
+Cleopatra and Faustina, stood above the presses), it appears to have been
+supposed that other classical names served as references to the remaining
+portions of the manuscript department. In A. B. R.'s communication, _Plut._
+is expressed by the name of _Pluto_; in a volume of Miss Strickland's
+_Lives of the Queens of Scotland_, lately published, it is metamorphosed
+into _Plutus_; and the late Dr. Adam Clarke refers to some of Dr. Dee's
+MSS. in the _Sloane_ (more correctly, _Cottonian_) library, under
+_Plutarch_ xvi. G! (See _Catalogue_ of his MSS., 8vo., 1835, p. 62.) The
+same amusing error is more formally repeated by Dr. J. F. Payen, in a
+recent pamphlet, entitled _Nouveaux Documents inedits ou peu connus sur
+Montaigne_, 8vo., 1850, at p. 24. of which he refers to "Bibl. Egerton,
+vol. 23., _Plutarch_, f. 167.," [_Plut._ CLXVII. F.], and adds in a note:
+
+    "On sait que dans nos bibliotheques les grandes divisions sont marquees
+    par les lettres de l'alphabet; _au Musee Britannique c'est par des noms
+    de personnages celebres qu'on les designe_."
+
+[mu].
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Probabilism_ (Vol. iii., p. 61.).--Probabilism, so far as it means the
+principle of reasoning or acting upon the opinion of eminent teachers or
+writers, was the principle of the Pythagoreans, whose _ipse dixit_,
+speaking of their master, is proverbial; and of Aristotle, in his Topics.
+
+But probabilism, in its strict sense, I presume, means the doctrine so
+common among the Jesuits, 200 years ago, and so well stated by Pascal, that
+it is lawful to act upon an opinion expressed by a single writer of weight,
+though contrary to one's own opinion, and entirely overbalanced, either in
+weight or numbers, by the opinion of other writers.
+
+Jeremy Taylor, in his _Ductor Dubitantium_, tells us that this doctrine,
+though very prevalent, was quite modern; and that the old Casuists,
+according to the plain suggestions of common sense, held directly the
+contrary, namely, that the less probable opinion must give way to the more
+probable.
+
+All this may be no answer to the deeper research, perhaps, of your
+enquirer,--but it may possibly be interesting to general readers, as well
+as the following refined and ingenious sophism which was used in its
+support:--They said that all agreed that you could not be wrong in using
+the more probable, best supported, {123} opinion of the two. Now, let that
+in the particular case in question be A, and the less probable B. But the
+doctrine that you may lawfully take the less probable in general is the
+more probable doctrine; meaning at that time the doctrine of the greater
+number of authorities: therefore they said, even upon your principles it is
+lawful to take B.
+
+C. B.
+
+_Old Hewson the Cobbler_ (Vol. iii., pp. 11. 73.).--The most satisfactory
+account of "old Hewson" is the following, extracted from _The Loyal
+Martyrology, by William Winstanley_, small 8vo. 1665, (p. 123.):--
+
+    "John Hewson, who, from a cobbler, rose by degrees to be a colonel, and
+    though a person of no parts either in body or mind, yet made by
+    Cromwell one of his pageant lords. He was a fellow fit for any
+    mischief, and capable of nothing else; a sordid lump of ignorance and
+    impiety, and therefore the more fit to share in Cromwell's designs, and
+    to act in that horrid murther of his Majesty. Upon the turn of the
+    times, he ran away for fear of Squire Dun [the common hangman], and (by
+    report) is since dead, and buried at Amsterdam."
+
+In the collection of songs entitled _The Rump_, 1666, may be found two
+ballads relative to Hewson, viz., "A Hymne to the Gentle Craft; or Hewson's
+Lamentation. To the tune of the Blind Beggar:"
+
+ "Listen a while to what I shall say
+  Of a blind cobbler that's gone astray
+  Out of the parliament's high way,
+      Good people pity the blind."
+
+"The Cobbler's Last Will and Testament; or the Lord Hewson's translation:"
+
+ "To Christians all, I greeting send,
+  That they may learn their souls to amend
+  By viewing, of my _cobbler's end_."
+
+Lord Hewson's "one eye" is a frequent subject of ridicule in the political
+songs of the period. Thus in "The Bloody Bed-roll, or Treason displayed in
+its Colours:"
+
+ "Make room for one-ey'd HEWSON,
+  A Lord of such account,
+   'Twas a pretty jest
+    That such a beast
+  Should to such honour mount."
+
+The song inquired for by my friend MR. CHAPELL, beginning, "My name is old
+Hewson," is not contained in any of the well-known printed collections of
+political songs and ballads, nor is it to be found among the broadsides
+preserved in the King's Pamphlets. A full index to the latter is now before
+me, so I make this statement _positively_, and to save others the trouble
+of a search.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Old Hewson and Smollett's "Strap."_--Perhaps the enclosed extract from an
+old newspaper of April, 1809, will throw some light upon this subject:
+
+    "SMOLLETT'S CELEBRATED HUGH STRAP.
+
+    "On Sunday was interred, in the burial-ground of St.
+    Martin's-in-the-Fields, the remains of Hugh Hewson, who died at the age
+    of 85. The deceased was a man of no mean celebrity. He had passed more
+    than forty years in the parish of St. Martin's, and kept a
+    hair-dresser's shop, being no less a personage than the identical _Hugh
+    Strap_, whom Dr. Smollett rendered so conspicuously interesting in his
+    life and adventures of Roderick Random. The deceased was a very
+    intelligent man, and took delight in recounting the scenes of his early
+    life. He spoke with pleasure of the time he passed in the service of
+    the Doctor; and it was his pride, as well as boast, to say, that he had
+    been educated at the same seminary with so learned and distinguished a
+    character. His shop was hung round with Latin quotations, and he would
+    frequently point out to his acquaintance the several scenes in Roderick
+    Random, pertaining to himself, which had their foundation, not in the
+    Doctor's inventive fancy, but in truth and reality. The Doctor's
+    meeting with him at a barber's shop at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the
+    subsequent mistake at the Inn, their arrival together in London, and
+    the assistance they experienced from _Strap's_ friend were all of that
+    description. The deceased, to the last, obtained a comfortable
+    subsistence by his industry, and of late years had been paid a weekly
+    salary by the inhabitants of the Adelphi, for keeping the entrances to
+    Villiers-walk, and securing the promenade from the intrusion of
+    strangers."
+
+JOHN FRANCIS.
+
+_Rodolph Gualter_ (Vol. iii., p. 8.).--From letters to and from Rodolph
+Gualter (in _Zurich_, and _Original Letters, Parker Society_) little can be
+gathered; thus much have I gleaned, that though mention is oftentimes made
+of Scotland, yet not sufficient to identify Gualter as being a native of
+that country; yet it should be observed that he dedicated his Homilies on
+the Galatians to the King of Scotland, _Zurich Letters_ (second series)
+cxviii., see also, cxxix., cxxx. These remarks may tend perchance to put
+J. C. R. on the right track for obtaining true information.
+
+N. E. R. (a Subscriber.)
+
+_Burning the Hill_ (Vol. ii., pp. 441. 498.).--The provision for _burning
+out_ a delinquent miner, contained in the Mendip mine laws, called Lord
+C. J. Choke's laws, first appeared in print in 1687; at least I can find no
+earlier notice of them in any _book_; but as the usages sanctioned by them
+are incidentally mentioned in proceedings in the Exchequer in 21 and 22
+Elizabeth, they are no doubt of early date. Article 6. certainly has a very
+sanguinary aspect; but as the thief, whose hut and tools are to be burnt,
+is himself to be "_banished_ from his occupation before the miners for
+ever," it cannot be intended that he should be himself burnt also. If any
+instance of the exercise of a {124} custom or law so clearly illegal had
+ever occurred within recent times, we should have assuredly found some
+record of it in the annals of criminal justice, as the executioner would
+infallibly have been hanged. The regulations are probably an attempt by
+some private hand to embody the local customs of the district, so far as
+regards lead mining; and they contain the substance of the usual customs
+prevalent in most metallic regions, where mines have been worked _ab
+antiquo_. The first report of the Dean Forest Commission, 1839, f. 12.,
+adverts to a similar practice among the coal and iron miners in that
+forest. It seems to be an instance of the _Droit des arsins_, or right of
+arson, formerly claimed and exercised to a considerable extent, and with
+great solemnity, in Picardy, Flanders, and other places; but I know of no
+instance in which this wild species of metallifodine justice has been
+claimed to apply to anything but the culprit's local habitation and tools
+of trade. I need not add that the custom, even with this limitation, would
+now be treated by the courts as a vulgar error, and handed over to the
+exclusive jurisdiction of the legal antiquaries and collectors of the Juris
+amoenitates.
+
+E. SMIRKE.
+
+"_Fronte capillata_," &c. (vol. iii., pp. 8. 43.).--The couplet is much
+older than G. A. S. seems to think. The author is Dionysius
+Cato,--"Catoun," as Chaucer calls him--in his book, _Distichorum de
+Moribus_, lib. ii. D. xxvi.:
+
+ "Rem tibi quam nosces aptam, dimittere noli:
+  Fronte capillata, post est Occasio calva."
+      _Corp. Poet. Lat._, Frankfurt, 1832, p. 1195.
+
+The history of this Dionysius Cato is unknown; and it has been hotly
+disputed whether he were a Heathen or Christian; but he is _at least_ as
+old as the fourth century of the Christian era, being mentioned by
+Vindicianus, chief physician in ordinary to the emperor, in a letter to
+Valentinian I., A.D. 365. In the illustrations of _The Baptistery_, Parker,
+Oxford, 1842, which are re-engraved from the originals in the _Via Vitae
+Eternae_, designed by Boetius a Bolswert, the figure of "Occasion" is always
+drawn with the hair hanging loose in front, according to the distich.
+
+E. A. D.
+
+_Time when Herodotus wrote_ (vol. ii., p. 405.; Vol. iii., p. 30.)--The
+passage in Herodotus (i. 5.) is certainly curious, and had escaped my
+notice, until pointed out by your correspondent. I am unable at present to
+refer to Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology_;
+but I doubt whether the reading of the poem or title, in Aristotle's
+_Rhetoric_ (II. 9. Sec. 1.), has received much attention. In my forthcoming
+translation of the "Pseudo-Herodotean Life of Homer" prefixed to the
+_Odysseia_ (Bohn's _Classical Library_), note 1., I have thus given it:--
+
+    "This is the exposition of the historical researches of Herodotus of
+    _Thurium_," &c.
+
+Now Aristotle makes no remark on the passage as being unusual, and it
+therefore inclines me to think that, at the time of that philosopher and
+critic, both editions were in use.
+
+The date of the building of Thurium is B.C. 444, and Herodotus was there at
+its foundation, being then about forty years of age. Most likely he had
+published a smaller edition of this book before that time, bearing the
+original date from Halicarnassus, which he revised, _enlarged_, corrected,
+and _partly re-wrote_ at Thurium. I think this would not be difficult to
+prove; and I would add that this retouching would be found more apparent at
+the beginning of the volume than elsewhere. This may be easily accounted
+for by the feeling that modern as well as ancient authors have, viz., that
+of laziness and inertness; revising the first 100 pages carefully, but
+decreasing from that point. But to return: Later editors, I conceive,
+erased the word Thurium used by Herodotus, who was piqued and vexed at his
+native city, and substituted, or restored, Halicarnassus; not, however,
+changing the text.
+
+A learned friend of mine wished for the bibliographical history of the
+classics. I told him then, as I tell the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES"
+now, "Search for that history in the pages of the classics themselves;
+extend to them the critical spirit that is applied to our own Chaucer,
+Shakspeare, and Milton, and your trouble will not be in vain. The history
+of any book (that is the general history of the gradual development of its
+ideas) is written in its own pages." In truth, the prose classics deserve
+as much attention as the poems of Homer.
+
+KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+January 20. 1851.
+
+_Herstmonceux Castle_ (Vol. ii., p. 477.).--E. V. asks for an explanation
+of certain entries in the Fine Rolls, A.D. 1199 and 1205, which I can, in
+part, supply. The first is a fine for having seisin of the lands of the
+deceased mother of the two suitors, William de Warburton and Ingelram de
+Monceaux. As they claim as joint-heirs or parceners, the land must have
+been subject to partibility, and therefore of socage tenure. If the land
+was not in Kent, the entry is a proof that the exclusive right of
+primogeniture was not then universally established, as we know it was not
+in the reign of Henry II. See _Glanville_, lib. vii. cap. 3.
+
+The next entry records the fine paid for suing out a writ _de rationabili
+parte_ against (_versus_) one of the above coheirs. The demandant is either
+the same coheir named above, viz. Ingelram, altered by a clerical error
+into Waleram,--such errors being of common occurrence, sometimes from
+oscitancy, and sometimes because the clerk had to guess at the extended
+form of a contracted name,--or he is a descendant and heir of Ingelram,
+{125} claiming the share of his ancestor. I incline to adopt the former
+explanation of the two here suggested. The form of writ is in the Register
+of Writs, and corresponds exactly with the abridged note of it in the Fine
+Roll. The "esnecia," mentioned in the last entry (not extracted by E. V.),
+is the majorat or senior heir's perquisite of the capital mansion. E. V.
+will pardon me for saying, that his translation of the passages is a little
+deficient in exactness. As to E. V.'s query 4., does he think it worth
+while to go further in search of a reason for calling the bedroom floor of
+Herstmonceux Castle by the name of _Bethlem_, when the early spelling and
+common and constant pronunciation of the word supply so plausible an
+explanation? I myself knew, in my earliest days, a house where that
+department was constantly so nicknamed. But there certainly _may_ be a more
+recondite origin of the name; and something may depend on the date at which
+he finds it first applied.
+
+E. SMIRKE.
+
+_Camden and Curwen Families_ (Vol. iii., p. 89.).--Camden's mother was
+Elizabeth, daughter of Gyles Curwen, of Poulton Hall, in the county of
+Lancaster. In the "visitation" of Lancashire made in 1613, it is stated
+that this Gyles Curwen was "descended from Curwen of Workenton in co.
+Cumberland;" but the descent is not given, and I presume it rests merely on
+tradition.
+
+LLEWELLYN.
+
+_Joan Sanderson, or the Cushion Dance_ (Vol. ii., p. 517.).--Your
+correspondent MAC asks for the "correct date" of the _Cushion Dance_.
+Searching out the history and origin of an old custom or ballad is like
+endeavouring to ascertain the source and flight of December's snow. I am
+afraid MAC will not obtain what he now wishes for.
+
+The _earliest_ mention, that I have noticed, of this popular old dance
+occurs in Heywood's play, _A Woman kill'd with Kindness_, 1600. Nicholas,
+one of the characters, says:
+
+    "I have, ere now, deserved a cushion: call for the _Cushion Dance_."
+
+The musical notes are preserved in _The English Dancing Master_, 1686; in
+_The Harmonicon_, a musical journal; in Davies Gilbert's _Christmas Carols_
+(2nd edition); and in Chappell's _National English Melodies_. In the
+first-named work it is called "Joan Sanderson, or the Cushion Dance, an old
+Round Dance."
+
+In a curious collection of old songs and tunes, _Neder-Landtsche
+Gedenck-clank door Adrianum Valerium_, printed at Haerlem in 1626, is
+preserved a tune called "Sweet Margaret," which, upon examination, proves
+to be the same as the _Cushion Dance_. This favourite dance was well known
+in Holland in the early part of the seventeenth century, and an interesting
+engraving of it may be seen in the _Emblems_ of John de Brunnes, printed at
+Amsterdam in 1624.
+
+The last-named work (a copy of the edition of 1661 of which is now before
+me) is exceedingly curious to the lovers of our popular sports and
+pastimes. The engravings are by William Pass, C. Blon, &c., and among them
+are representations of Kiss in the Ring, the game of Forfeits, rolling
+Snow-balls, the Interior of a Barber's Shop, with citherns and lutes
+hanging against the wall, for the use of the customers, &c.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_North Sides of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., p. 93.).--In an appendix to our
+registers I find the following entry, where I conceive the _backside_ means
+the northside. Though now the whole of our churchyard is so full that we
+have much difficulty in finding any new ground, what we do find, however,
+is on the north side.
+
+    "1750, Oct. 23. One Mary Davies, of Pentrobin, single woman, though
+    excommunicated with the _Greater Excommunication_, was on this day,
+    _within night_, on account of some particular circumstances alleged by
+    neighbours of credit in her favour (as to her resolving to come and
+    reconcile herself, and do penance if she recovered), indulged by being
+    interred on the _backside_ the church, but no service or tolling
+    allowed."
+
+From this I conclude that _here_ at least there was no part of the
+churchyard left unconsecrated for the burial of persons excommunicate, as
+one of your correspondents suggests; or burial in such place would have
+been no indulgence, as evidently it was regarded in this case. It would be
+interesting to ascertain from accredited instances _how late_ this power of
+excommunication has been _exercised_, and thereby how long it has really
+been in abeyance. I expect the period would not be found so great as is
+generally imagined.
+
+WALDEGRAVE BREWSTER.
+
+_Antiquitas Saeculi Juventus Mundi_ (Vol. ii., p. 466.).--Dugald Stewart, in
+his Dissertation prefixed to the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_, ed. 7., p. 30.,
+points out two passages of writers anterior to Lord Bacon, in which this
+thought occurs. The first is in his namesake, Roger Bacon, who died in
+1292:
+
+    "Quanto juniores tanto perspicaciores, quia juniores posteriores
+    successione temporum ingrediuntor labores priorum."--_Opus Majus_, p.
+    9. ed. Jebb.
+
+The _Opus Majus_ of Roger Bacon was not, however, printed until the last
+century, and could not have been known to Lord Bacon unless he had read it
+in manuscript.
+
+The second is from Ludovicus Vives, _De Caus. Corrupt. Art._, lib. i., of
+which Mr. Stewart gives the following version:--
+
+    "The similitude which many have fancied between the superiority of the
+    moderns to the ancients, and the elevation of a dwarf on the back of a
+    giant, is {126} altogether false and puerile. Neither were they giants,
+    nor are we dwarfs, but all of us men of the same standard; and _we_,
+    the taller of the two, by adding their height to our own. Provided
+    always that we do not yield to them in study, attention, vigilance, and
+    love of truth; for if these qualities be wanting, so far from mounting
+    on the giant's shoulders, we throw away the advantages of our own just
+    stature, by remaining prostrate on the ground."
+
+Ludovicus Vives, the eminent Spanish writer, died in 1540, and therefore
+preceded the active period of Lord Bacon's mind by about half a century.
+
+Mr. Stewart likewise cites the following sentences of Seneca, which,
+however, can hardly be said to contain the germ of this thought:--
+
+    "Veniet tempus quo ista quae nunc latent, in lucem dies extrahet, et
+    longioris aevi diligentia.... Veniet tempus, quo posteri nostri tam
+    aperta nos nescisse mirabuntur."--_Quaest. Nat._ viii. 25.
+
+L.
+
+_Umbrella_ (Vol. i., p. 414.; Vol. ii., pp. 25. 93. 126. 346. 491. 523.;
+Vol. iii., p. 37.).--Although I conceive that ample proof has been given in
+your columns that umbrellas were generally known at an earlier period than
+had been commonly supposed, yet the following additional facts may not
+perhaps be unacceptable to your readers.
+
+In Bailey's _Dictionary_, vol. i. (8th edit. 1737), are these articles:--
+
+    "PARASOL, a sort of small canopy or umbrella, to keep off the rain."
+
+    "UMBELLA, _a little shadow_; an umbrella, bon-grace, skreen-fan, &c.,
+    which women bear in their hands to shade them."
+
+    "UMBELLIFORUS _Plants_ [among _botanists_]. Plants which have round
+    tufts, or small stalks standing upon greater; or have their tops
+    branched and spread like a lady's _umbrella_."
+
+    "UMBRELLO [_Ombrelle_, F.; _Ombrella_, Ital. of _Umbrella_, or
+    _Umbrecula_, L.], a sort of skreen that is held over the head for
+    preserving from the sun or rain; also a wooden frame covered with cloth
+    or stuff, to keep off the sun from a window."
+
+In Bailey's _Dictionary_, vol. ii. (3rd edit. 1737), is the following:--
+
+    "UMBELLATED [_Umbellatus_, L.]; bossed. In _botan. writ._ is said of
+    flowers when many of them grow together, disposed somewhat like an
+    _umbrella_. The make is a sort of broad, roundish surface of the whole,
+    &c. &c."
+
+Horace Walpole (_Memoirs of the Reign of George II._, vol. iii. p. 153.),
+narrating the punishment of Dr. Shebbeare for a libel, 5th December, 1758,
+says,--
+
+    "The man stood in the pillory, having a footman holding an umbrella to
+    keep off the rain."
+
+In Burrow's _Reports_ (vol. ii. p. 792.), is an account of the proceedings
+in the Court of King's Bench against Arthur Beardmore, under-sheriff of
+Middlesex, for contempt of court in remitting part of the sentence on Dr.
+Shebbeare. The affidavits produced by the Attorney-General stated--
+
+    "That the defendant only stood _upon the_ platform of the pillory,
+    unconfined, and at his ease, attended by a _servant_ in _livery_ (which
+    servant and livery were hired for this occasion only) holding an
+    umbrella over his head, all the time:"
+
+and Mr. Justice Dennison, in pronouncing sentence on Beardmore, did not
+omit to allude to the umbrella.
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge, January 25. 1851.
+
+_Form of Prayer at the Healing_ (Vol. iii., p. 42.).--A copy of this
+service of an earlier date than those mentioned is before me. It was
+printed in folio at the Hague, 1650; and is appended to "a Form of Prayer
+used in King Charles II.'s Chappel upon _Tuesdays_, in the times of his
+trouble and distress." Charles I. was executed on that day of the week.
+
+J. H. M.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+"Thoughts take up no room," saith Jeremy Collier, in a curious passage
+which Mr. Elmes has adopted as the motto of a pretty little volume, which
+he has just put forth under the following characteristic title: _Horae
+Vacivae, a Thought-book of the Wise Spirits of all Ages and all Countries,
+fit for all Men and all Hours_. The work appears to have furnished a source
+of occupation to its editor when partially recovering from a deprivation of
+sight. It is well described by him as a "Spicilegium of golden thoughts of
+wise spirits, who, though dead, yet speak;" and being printed in
+Whittingham's quaintest style, and suitably bound, this Thought-book is as
+externally tempting as it is intrinsically valuable.
+
+_The Calendar of the Anglican Church Illustrated, with Brief Accounts of
+the Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names, or whose Images are
+most frequently met with in England; the Early Christian and Mediaeval
+Symbols; and an Index of Emblems_, is sufficiently described in its
+title-page. The editor very properly explains that the work is of an
+archaeological, not of a theological character--and as such it is certainly
+one which English archaeologists and ecclesiologists have long wanted. The
+editor, while judiciously availing himself of the labours of Alt, Radowitz,
+Didron, and other foreign writers, has not spared his own, having, with the
+view to one portion of it, compiled a list of all the churches in England,
+with the saints after whom they were named. This is sufficient to show that
+the work is one of research, and consequently of value; that value being
+materially increased by the numerous woodcuts admirably engraved by Mr. O.
+Jewitt, with which it is illustrated.
+
+_Books Received._--_Helena, The Physician's Orphan_. The third number of
+Mrs. Clarke's interesting series of tales, entitled, _The Girlhood of
+Shakspeare's Heroines_. {127} _Every-day Wonders, or Facts in Physiology
+which all should know:_ a very successful endeavour to present a few of the
+truths of that science which treats of the structure of the human body, and
+of the adaptation of the external world to it in such a form as that they
+be readily apprehended. Great pains have been taken that the information
+imparted should be accurate; and it is made more intelligible by means of
+some admirable woodcuts.
+
+_Catalogues Received._--John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) No. 18. of
+Catalogues of Books Old and New; J. Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street)
+Catalogue Part II. of an Extensive Collection of Choice, Useful, and
+Curious Books.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+RECHERCHES HISTORIQUES SUR LES CONGREGATIONS HOSPITALIERS DES FRERES
+PONTIFES. A. GREGOIRE. Paris, 1818, 8vo. 72 pp.
+
+SEPULCHRAL MEMORIALS OF A MARKET TOWN, by DAWSON TURNER. Yarmouth, 1848.
+
+STEPHEN'S CENTRAL AMERICA, 2 vols. 8vo. plates.
+
+WHARTONI ANGLIA SACRA. The best edition.
+
+NOVUM TESTAMENTUM GR. Ex recensione Greisbach, cum var. lect. 4 vols. 4to.
+Leipsic, 1806 or 1803. Engraved Frontispiece.
+
+LARDNER ON THE TRINITY.
+
+GOODRIDGE, JOHN, THE PHOENIX; or, Reasons for believing that the Comet, &c.
+London, 1781, 8vo.
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_We have many articles in type which we are compelled, by want of space, to
+postpone until next week, when the publication of our double number will
+enable us to insert many interesting communications which are only waiting
+for room._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED. _St. Pancras--Daresbury--Plafery--Touching for the
+Evil--Munchausen--Cold Harbour--Landwade Church--Bacon and Fagan--Soul's
+Dark Cottage--Fine by Degrees--Simon Bache--Away let nought--Mythology of
+the Stars--Adur--Burying in Church Walls--Sir Clowdesley Shovel--Lynch
+Law--Cardinal's Monument--Inns of Court--True
+Blue--Averia--Dragons--Brandon the Juggler--Words are Men's
+Daughters--Sonnet by Milton--Dryden's Essay upon Satire--Ring Dials--Sir
+Hilary--Arthur Massinger--Cranmer's Descendants--Post Conquestum--Prince of
+Wales' Feathers--Verbum Graecum--Visions of Hell--Musical Plagiarism--Lady
+Bingham--Cockade--Saint Paul's Clock--By and by--Aristophanes on the Modern
+Stage._
+
+LITURGICUS, _who writes on the subject of the letters_ M. _and_ N. _in the
+Catechism and Marriage Service, is referred to our First Volume, pp._ 415.
+_and_ 468.
+
+F. M. B. Hicks' Hall _was so called from its builder, Sir Baptist Hicks,
+afterwards Viscount Camden; and the name of the_ Old Bailey, _says Stow,
+"is likely to have arisen of some Count of old time there kept."--See
+Cunningham's_ Handbook of London.
+
+K. R. H. M. _received_.
+
+E. T. (Liverpool). _We propose to issue a volume similar to our first and
+second, at the termination of every half-year._
+
+E. S. T. T. _For origin of_
+
+ "Tempora mutantur," &c.,
+
+_see our First Volume, pp._ 234. 419.
+
+GEORGE PETIT. _The book called_ Elegantiae Latinae, _published under the name
+of the learned Joh. Meursius, was written by Chorier of Grenoble. Meursius
+had no share in it_.
+
+H. A. R. _Much information concerning the general and social condition of
+Lunatics before 1828 will be found in Reports of Committees of House of
+Commons of 1815, 1816, and 1827, and of the House of Lords of 1828._
+
+A. C. P. _The explanation furnished is one about which there can be no
+doubt, but for obvious reasons we do not insert it._
+
+K. R. H. M. _We cannot promise until we see the article; but, if brief, we
+shall have every disposition to insert it._
+
+C. H. P. _Surely there is no doubt that Lord Howard of Effingham, who
+commanded the Armada, was a Protestant._
+
+VOLUME THE SECOND OF NOTES AND QUERIES, _with very copious_ INDEX, _is now
+ready, price_ 9s. 6d. _strongly bound in cloth_. VOL. I. _is reprinted, and
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+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
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+
+_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be
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+
+_Erratum_.--No. 65. p. 67. col. 2. l. 12., for "me_l_t" read "me_e_t."
+
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