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+Project Gutenberg's The Annals of the Cakchiquels, by Daniel G. Brinton
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Annals of the Cakchiquels
+
+Author: Daniel G. Brinton
+
+Release Date: March 8, 2007 [EBook #20775]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ANNALS OF THE CAKCHIQUELS ***
+
+
+
+
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+
+Transcriber's Note:
+
+A number of typographical errors and inconsistencies have been maintained
+in this version of this book. Typographical errors have been marked with
+a [TN-#], which refers to a description in the complete list found at the
+end of the text. A list of words that have been inconsistently spelled or
+hyphenated is found at the end of the present text.
+
+The following codes are used for characters that are not present in the
+character set used for this version of the book.
+
+  [)a] a with breve
+  [=a] a with macron
+  [c]  quatrillo, resembles a 4 with a tail
+  [c,] quatrillo with comma
+  [t]  tresillo, resembles a reversed 3
+  [tz] resembles a tz drawn together
+
+
+
+
+                       LIBRARY
+                         OF
+                 ABORIGINAL AMERICAN
+                     LITERATURE.
+
+
+                       No. VI.
+
+
+                      EDITED BY
+                    D. G. BRINTON
+
+
+
+
+                BRINTON'S LIBRARY OF
+          ABORIGINAL AMERICAN LITERATURE.
+                     NUMBER VI.
+
+
+                     THE ANNALS
+                       OF THE
+                    CAKCHIQUELS.
+
+  THE ORIGINAL TEXT, WITH A TRANSLATION, NOTES AND
+                    INTRODUCTION.
+
+                         BY
+
+                  DANIEL G. BRINTON
+
+
+                  1885, Philadelphia
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+Both for its historical and linguistic merits, the document which is
+presented in this volume is one of the most important in aboriginal
+American Literature. Written by a native who had grown to adult years
+before the whites penetrated to his ancestral home, himself a member of
+the ruling family of one of the most civilized nations of the continent
+and intimately acquainted with its traditions, his work displays the
+language in its pure original form, and also preserves the tribal
+history and a part of the mythology, as they were current before they
+were in the least affected by European influences.
+
+The translation I offer is directly from the original text, and I am
+responsible for its errors; but I wish to acknowledge my constant
+obligations to the manuscript version of the late Abbe Brasseur (de
+Bourbourg), the distinguished Americanist. Without the assistance
+obtained from it, I should not have attempted the task; and though I
+differ frequently from his renderings, this is no more than he himself
+would have done, as in his later years he spoke of his version as in
+many passages faulty.
+
+For the grammar of the language, I have depended on the anonymous grammar
+which I edited for the American Philosophical Society in 1884, copies of
+which, reprinted separately, can be obtained by any one who wishes to
+study the tongue thoroughly. For the significance of the words, my usual
+authorities are the lexicon of Varea, an anonymous dictionary of the 17th
+century, and the large and excellent Spanish-Cakchiquel work of Coto, all
+of which are in the library of the American Philosophical Society. They
+are all in MS., but the vocabulary I add may be supplemented with that of
+Ximenes, printed by the Abbe Brasseur, at Paris, in 1862, and between
+them most of the radicals will be found.
+
+As my object in all the volumes of this series is to furnish materials
+for study, rather than to offer finished studies themselves, I have
+steadily resisted the strong temptation to expand the notes and
+introductory matter. They have been limited to what seemed essentially
+necessary to defining the nature of the work, discussing its date and
+authorship, and introducing the people to whom it refers.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+  PREFACE,                                                           v
+
+  INTRODUCTION,                                                      9
+    ETHNOLOGIC POSITION OF THE CAKCHIQUELS,                          9
+    CULTURE OF THE CAKCHIQUELS,                                     13
+    THE CAPITAL CITY OF THE CAKCHIQUELS,                            21
+    COMPUTATION OF TIME,                                            28
+    PERSONAL AND FAMILY NAMES,                                      32
+    TRIBAL SUBDIVISIONS,                                            33
+    TERMS OF AFFINITY AND SALUTATION,                               34
+    TITLES AND SOCIAL CASTES,                                       35
+    RELIGIOUS NOTIONS,                                              39
+    THE CAKCHIQUEL LANGUAGE,                                        48
+    THE ANNALS OF XAHILA,                                           53
+    SYNOPSIS OF THE ANNALS,                                         60
+    REMARKS ON THE PRINTED TEXT,                                    62
+
+  THE ANNALS OF THE CAKCHIQUELS, by a Member of the Xahila
+     Family,                                                    66-194
+
+  NOTES,                                                       195-200
+  VOCABULARY,                                                      209
+  INDEX OF PROPER NAMES,                                           229
+
+
+
+
+    THE ANNALS
+        OF
+  THE CAKCHIQUELS.
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+_Ethnologic Position of the Cakchiquels._
+
+The Cakchiquels, whose traditions and early history are given in the
+present work from the pen of one of their own authors, were a nation of
+somewhat advanced culture, who occupied a portion of the area of the
+present State of Guatemala. Their territory is a table land about six
+thousand feet above the sea, seamed with numerous deep ravines, and
+supporting lofty mountains and active volcanoes. Though but fifteen
+degrees from the equator, its elevation assures it a temperate climate,
+while its soil is usually fertile and well watered.
+
+They were one of a group of four closely related nations, adjacent in
+territory and speaking dialects so nearly alike as to be mutually
+intelligible. The remaining three were the Quiches, the Tzutuhils and
+the Akahals, who dwelt respectively to the west, the south and the east
+of the Cakchiquels.
+
+These dialects are well marked members of the Maya linguistic stock, and
+differ from that language, as it is spoken in its purity in Yucatan,
+more in phonetic modifications than in grammatical structure or lexical
+roots. Such, however, is the fixedness of this linguistic family in its
+peculiarities, that a most competent student of the Cakchiquel has named
+the period of two thousand years as the shortest required to explain the
+difference between this tongue and the Maya.[10-1]
+
+About the same length of time was that assigned since the arrival of
+this nation in Guatemala, by the local historian, Francisco Antonio de
+Fuentes y Guzman, who wrote in the seventeenth century, from an
+examination of their most ancient traditions, written and verbal.[10-2]
+Indeed, none of these affined tribes claimed to be autochthonous. All
+pointed to some distant land as the home of their ancestors, and
+religiously preserved the legends, more or less mythical, of their early
+wanderings until they had reached their present seats. How strong the
+mythical element in them is, becomes evident when we find in them the
+story of the first four brothers as their four primitive rulers and
+leaders, a myth which I have elsewhere shown prevailed extensively over
+the American continent, and is distinctly traceable to the adoration of
+the four cardinal points, and the winds from them.[10-3]
+
+These four brothers were noble youths, born of one mother, who sallied
+forth from Tulan, the golden city of the sun, and divided between them
+all the land from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to the confines of
+Nicaragua, in other words, all the known world.[11-1]
+
+The occurrence of the Aztec name of the City of Light, Tulan (properly,
+Tonatlan), in these accounts, as they were rehearsed by the early
+converted natives, naturally misled historians to adopt the notion that
+these divine culture heroes were "Toltecs," and even in the modern
+writings of the Abbe Brasseur (de Bourbourg), of M. Desire Charnay, and
+others, this unreal people continue to be set forth as the civilizers of
+Central America.
+
+No supposition could have less support. The whole alleged story of the
+Toltecs is merely an euhemerized myth, and they are as pure creations of
+the fancy as the giants and fairies of mediaeval romance. They have no
+business in the pages of sober history.
+
+The same blending of their most ancient legends with those borrowed from
+the Aztecs, recurs in the records of the pure Mayas of Yucatan. I have
+shown this, and explained it at considerable length in the first volume
+of this series, to which I will refer the reader who would examine the
+question in detail.[11-2]
+
+There is a slight admixture of Aztec words in Cakchiquel. The names of
+one or two of their months, of certain objects of barter, and of a few
+social institutions, are evidently loan-words from that tongue. There
+are also some proper names, both personal and geographical, which are
+clearly of Nahuatl derivation. But, putting all these together, they
+form but a very small fraction of the language, not more than we can
+readily understand they would necessarily have borrowed from a nation
+with whom, as was the case with the Aztecs, they were in constant
+commercial communication for centuries.[12-1] The Pipils, their
+immediate neighbors to the South, cultivating the hot and fertile slope
+which descends from the central plateau to the Pacific Ocean, were an
+Aztec race of pure blood, speaking a dialect of Nahuatl, very little
+different from that heard in the schools of classic Tezcuco.[12-2] But
+the grammatical structure and stem-words of the Cakchiquel remained
+absolutely uninfluenced by this association.
+
+Later, when the Spanish occupation had brought with it thousands of
+Nahuatl speaking followers, who supplied the interpreters for the
+conquerers, Nahuatl names became much more abundant, and were adopted by
+the natives in addressing the Spaniards. Thus the four nations, whom I
+have mentioned as the original possessors of the land, are, in the
+documents of the time, generally spoken of by such foreign titles. The
+Cakchiquels were referred to as _Tecpan Quauhtemallan_, the Quiches as
+_Tecpan Utlatlan_, the Tzutuhils as _Tecpan Atitlan_, and the Akahals as
+_Tecpan Tezolotlan_. In these names, all of them pure Nahuatl, the word
+_Tecpan_ means the royal residence or capital; _Quauhtemallan_
+(Guatemala), "the place of the wood-pile;" _Utlatlan_, "the place of the
+giant cane;" _Atitlan_, "the place by the water;" _Tezolotlan_, "the
+place of the narrow stone," or "narrowed by stones."[13-1]
+
+These fanciful names, derived from some trivial local characteristic,
+were not at all translations of the native tribal names. For in their
+own dialects, Quiche, [c]iche, means "many trees;" Tuztuhil, [c,]utuhil,
+"the flowery spot;" Akahal, "the honey-comb;" and Cakchiquel, a species
+of tree.
+
+
+_Culture of the Cakchiquels._
+
+These four nations were on the same plane of culture, and this by no
+means a low one. They were agriculturists, cultivating for food beans,
+peppers, and especially maize. To the latter, indeed, they are charged
+with being fanatically devoted. "If one looks closely at these
+Indians," complains an old author, "he will find that everything they do
+and say has something to do with maize. A little more, and they would
+make a god of it. There is so much conjuring and fussing about their
+corn fields, that for them they will forget wives and children and any
+other pleasure, as if the only end and aim of life was to secure a crop
+of corn."[14-1]
+
+In their days of heathenism, all the labors of the field were directed
+by the observance of superstitious rites. For instance, the men, who
+always did a large share of the field work, refrained from approaching
+their wives for some days before planting the seed. Before weeding the
+patch, incense was burned at each of the four corners of the field, to
+the four gods of the winds and rains; and the first fruits were
+consecrated to holy uses.[14-2] Their fields were large and extremely
+productive.[14-3] In this connection it is worth noting, in passing,
+that precisely Guatemala is the habitat of the _Euchlaena luxurians_,
+the wild grass from which, in the opinion of botanists, the Zea Mais is
+a variety developed by cultivation.
+
+Cotton was largely cultivated, and the early writers speak with
+admiration of the skill with which the native women spun and wove it
+into graceful garments.[15-1] As in Yucatan, bees were domesticated for
+their wax and honey, and a large variety of dye-stuffs, resins for
+incense, and wild fruits, were collected from the native forests.
+
+Like the Mayas and Aztecs, they were a race of builders, skillful masons
+and stone-cutters, erecting large edifices, pyramids, temples, and
+defensive works, with solid walls of stone laid in a firm mortar.[15-2]
+The sites of these cities were generally the summits of almost
+inaccessible crags, or on some narrow plain, protected on all sides by
+the steep and deep ravines--_barrancas_, as the Spaniards call
+them--which intersect the plateau in all directions, often plunging down
+to a depth of thousands of feet. So located and so constructed, it is no
+wonder that Captain Alvarado speaks of them as "thoroughly built and
+marvelously strong."[15-3]
+
+In the construction of their buildings and the measurements of their
+land, these nations had developed quite an accurate series of lineal
+measures, taking as their unit certain average lengths of the human
+body, especially the upper extremity. In a study of this subject,
+published during the present year, I have set forth their various terms
+employed in this branch of knowledge, and compared their system with
+that in use among the Mayas and the Aztecs.[16-1] It would appear that
+the Cakchiquels did not borrow from their neighbors, but developed
+independently the system of mensuration in vogue among them. This bears
+out what is asserted in the _Annals_ of Xahila, that their
+"day-breaking," or culture, was of spontaneous growth.
+
+The art of picture writing was familiar to all these peoples. It was
+employed to preserve their national history, to arrange their calendar,
+and, doubtless, in the ordinary affairs of life.[16-2] But I am not
+aware that any example or description of it has been preserved, which
+would enable us to decide the highly important question, whether their
+system was derived from that of the Mexicans or that of the Mayas,
+between which, as the antiquary need not be informed, there existed an
+almost radical difference.
+
+The word for "to write," is _[c,]ibah_, which means, in its primary
+sense, "to paint;" _ah[c,]ib_, is "the scribe," and was employed to
+designate the class of literati in the ancient dominion. Painted or
+written records were called _[c,]ibanic_.
+
+They had a literature beyond their history and calendars. It consisted
+of chants or poems, called _bix_, set orations and dramas.[17-1] They
+were said or sung in connection with their ceremonial dances. These
+performances were of the utmost importance in their tribal life. They
+were associated with the solemn mysteries of their religion, and were in
+memory of some of the critical events in their real or mythical history.
+This will be obvious from the references to them in the pages of their
+_Annals_.
+
+These chants and dances were accompanied by the monotonous beating of
+the native drum, _tun_, by the shrill sound of reed flutes, _xul_, by
+the tinkling of small metal bells, _[c]alakan_, which they attached to
+their feet, and by rattles of small gourds or jars containing pebbles,
+known as _zoch_. Other musical instruments mentioned, are the _chanal_,
+the whistle (_pito_, _Dicc. Anon._), and _tzuy_, the marimba, or
+something like it.
+
+These nations were warlike, and were well provided with offensive and
+defensive weapons. The Spanish writers speak of them as skilled archers,
+rude antagonists, but not poisoning their weapons.[17-2] Besides the bow
+and arrow, _[c]ha_, they used a lance, _achcayupil_,[18-1] and
+especially the blow-pipe, _pub_, a potent weapon in the hands of an
+expert, the knowledge of which was widely extended over tropical
+America. Their arrow points were of stone, especially obsidian, bone and
+metal. Other weapons were the wooden war club, _[c]haibalche_; the
+sling, _ica[t]_; the hand-axe, _i[t]ah_, etc.
+
+For defense, they carried a species of buckler, _pocob_, and a round
+shield called _cetecic chee_, "the circular wood." Over the body they
+wore a heavy, quilted cotton doublet, the _xakpota_, which was an
+efficient protection.
+
+They may all be said to have been in the "stone age," as the weapons and
+utensils were mostly of stone. The obsidian, which was easily obtained
+in that country, offered an admirable resource for the manufacture of
+knives, arrow heads, awls, and the like. It was called _chay abah_, and,
+as we shall see on a later page, was surrounded with sacred
+associations.
+
+The most esteemed precious stones were the _[c]ual_, translated
+"diamond," and the _xit_, which was the impure jade or green stone, so
+much the favorite with the nations of Mexico and Central America. It is
+frequently mentioned in the _Annals_ of Xahila, among the articles of
+greatest value.
+
+Engraving both on stone and wood, was a prized art. The word to express
+it was _[c]otoh_, and engraved articles are referred to as _[c]otonic_.
+
+Although stone and wood were the principal materials on which they
+depended for their manufactures, they were well acquainted with several
+metals. Gold and silver were classed under the general name _puvak_, and
+distinguished as white and yellow; iron and copper were both known as
+_[c]hi[c]h_, and distinguished also by their color. The metals formed an
+important element of their riches, and are constantly referred to as
+part of the tribute paid to the rulers. They were worked into ornaments,
+and employed in a variety of decorative manners.
+
+The form of government of the four nations of whom I am speaking
+approached that of a limited monarchy. There was a head chief, who may
+as well be called a king, deriving his position and power through his
+birth, whose authority was checked by a council of the most influential
+of his subjects. The details of this general scheme were not the same at
+all periods, nor in all the states; but its outlines differed little.
+
+Among the Cakchiquels, who interest us at present, the regal power was
+equally divided between two families, the Zotzils and the Xahils; not
+that there were two kings at the same time, as some have supposed, but
+that the throne was occupied by a member of these families alternately,
+the head of the other being meanwhile heir-apparent.[19-1] These chiefs
+were called the Ahpo-Zotzil and the Ahpo-Xahil; and their eldest sons
+were entitled Ahpop-[c]amahay and Galel Xahil, respectively, terms which
+will shortly be explained.
+
+The ceremonial distinction established between the ruler and those
+nearest him in rank, was indicated by the number of canopies under which
+they sat. The ruler himself was shaded by three, of graded sizes, the
+uppermost being the largest. The heir-apparent was privileged to support
+two, and the third from the king but one. These canopies were
+elaborately worked in the beautiful feathers of the _quetzal_, and other
+brilliant birds, and bore the name of _muh_, literally "shade" or
+"shadow," but which metaphorically came to mean royal dignity or state,
+and also protection, guardianship.[20-1]
+
+The seat or throne on which he sat was called _tem_, _[c]hacat_, and
+_[t]alibal_, and these words are frequently employed to designate the
+Supreme Power.
+
+The ceremonies connected with the installation of a king or head chief,
+are described in an interesting passage of the _Annals_, Sec. 41: "He
+was bathed by the attendants in a large painted vessel; he was clad in
+flowing robes; a sacred girdle or fillet was tied upon him; he was
+painted with the holy colors, was anointed, and jewels were placed upon
+his person." Such considerable solemnities point to the fact that these
+people were on a much higher plane of social life than one where the
+possession of the leadership was merely an act of grasping by the
+strongest arm.
+
+Of the four nations, the Quiches were the most numerous and powerful. At
+times they exercised a sovereignty over the others, and levied tribute
+from them. But at the period of Alvarado's conquest, all four were
+independent States, engaged in constant hostilities against each other.
+
+There is no means of forming an accurate estimate of their number. All
+early accounts agree that their territory was thickly populated, with
+numerous towns and cities.[21-1] The contingent sent to Alvarado by the
+Cakchiquel king, to aid in the destruction of Quiche, was four thousand
+warriors in one body, according to Alvarado's own statement, though
+Xahila puts it at four hundred. There are various reasons for believing
+that the native population was denser at the Conquest than at present;
+and now the total aboriginal population of the State of Guatemala, of
+pure or nearly pure blood, is about half a million souls.
+
+
+_The Capital City of the Cakchiquels._
+
+The capital city of the Cakchiquels is referred to by Xahila as "Iximche
+on the Ratzamut." It was situated on the lofty plateau, almost on a
+line connecting Gumarcaah, the capital of the Quiches, with the modern
+city of Guatemala, about twelve leagues from the latter and eight from
+the former. Its name, _Iximche_, is that of a kind of tree (_che_=tree)
+called by the Spanish inhabitants _ramon_, apparently a species of
+_Brosimium_. _Ratzamut_, literally "the beak of the wild pigeon," was
+the name given to the small and almost inaccessible plain, surrounded on
+all sides by deep ravines, on which Iximche was situated. Doubtless, it
+was derived from some fancied resemblance of the outline of the plain to
+the beak of this bird.
+
+The capital was also called simply _tinamit_, the city (not _Patinamit_,
+as writers usually give it, as _pa_ is not an article but a preposition,
+in or at); and by the Aztec allies of the conqueror Alvarado,
+_Quauhtemallan_, "place of the wood-pile," for some reason unknown to
+us.[22-1] The latter designation was afterwards extended to the
+province, and under the corrupt form _Guatemala_ is now the accepted
+name of the State and its modern capital.
+
+The famous captain, Pedro de Alvarado was the first European to visit
+Iximche. He entered it on April 13th, 1524 (old style). In his letter
+describing the occurrence, however, he says little or nothing about the
+size or appearance of the buildings.[22-2]
+
+Scarcely more satisfactory are the few words devoted to it by Captain
+Bernal Diaz del Castillo, who spent a night there the same year. He
+observes that "its buildings and residences were fine and rich, as might
+be expected of chiefs who ruled all the neighboring provinces."[23-1]
+
+When the revolt of the Cakchiquels took place, soon afterwards, Iximche
+was deserted, and was never again fully inhabited. The Spaniards ordered
+the natives to settle in other localities, the fortifications of their
+capital were demolished, and many of the stones carried away, to
+construct churches and houses in other localities.
+
+The next account we have of it dates from the year 1695, when the
+historian and antiquary, Francisco Antonio de Fuentes y Guzman, wrote a
+detailed description of its ruins from personal inspection. The account
+of this enthusiastic author is the only one which supplies any
+approximate notion of what the city must have been in its flourishing
+period, and I therefore translate it, almost entire, from the recently
+published edition of his voluminous work, the _Recordacion
+Florida_.[23-2] His chapter will throw light on several otherwise
+obscure passages in Xahila's narrative.
+
+"_Tecpan goathemala_ was a city of the ancient inhabitants, populous,
+wonderful and impregnable, from the character of its position, situated
+in this valley (of Chimaltenango), on an elevated and cool site. It lies
+eight leagues in a straight line from New Guatemala. Around this
+ancient and dismantled town, now falling into utmost decay, extends a
+deep ravine, like a moat, plunging straight down to a depth of more than
+a hundred fathoms. This ravine, or moat, is three squares in width from
+one battlement or bank to the other, and they say that a good part of it
+was a work of hands, for the security and defense of the city. There is
+no other entrance than a very narrow causeway, which cuts the ravine at
+a point a little north of west. The whole area of the space where are
+these ancient ruins measures three miles from north to south and two
+from east to west, and its complete circumference is nine miles. In the
+heart and centre of this area was prominently erected that great city of
+_Tecpan goathemala_.
+
+"The whole surface of the soil in this ancient city seems to have been
+artificially prepared, by means of a cement or mortar, laid by hand, to
+a depth of three-fourths of a yard. Close to the brink of the ravine
+there are the sumptuous ruins of a magnificent and stately edifice, in
+length a hundred measured paces, and in width the same, thus forming a
+perfect square, all of stone and mortar, the stone accurately cut with
+great skill, polished and nicely adjusted. In front of this building is
+a great square plaza, of much dignity and beauty; and on its northern
+side one can still recognize and admire the ruins of a palace which,
+even in its broken vestiges, reveals a real magnificence. This royal
+edifice also has in front of it some squares as large and spacious in
+their splendor as that which has already been mentioned. Surrounding
+this remarkable structure, are a vast number of foundations, which,
+according to tradition, and by what is obvious by examination, were the
+houses and dwellings of nobles and of the great number of _ahaguaes_,
+besides those who gave their constant attention to the king. In this
+quarter or ward of the nobility, there are several wide and capacious
+streets, which, as the foundations indicate, ran from east to west.
+
+"Through the middle of the site of the city, from north to south, runs a
+trench a fathom and a half in depth, and its battlements of stones laid
+in mortar rise more than half a fathom in height. This trench divided
+the city into two parts, leaving the residences of the chiefs and nobles
+on the eastern side; those of the common people to the west. The
+principal street runs from the entrance of the city to the chief square
+of the Temple, which is near the Palace; and from this main street
+others run east and west, north and south, branching off from the main
+street, having many dwellings upon them well arranged and located, and
+displaying the high cultivation of the ancient rulers.
+
+"Another broad street runs close to the main street, from the trench
+mentioned, toward the east, for about a quarter of a league, ending at a
+small hill which overlooks the town, on whose summit is a circular wall,
+not unlike the curb of a well, about a full fathom in height. The floor
+within is paved with cement, as the city streets. In the centre is
+placed a socle or pedestal of a glittering substance, like glass, but of
+what composition is not known.
+
+"This circular structure was the tribunal or consistory of the
+Cakchiquel Indians, where not only was public hearing given to causes,
+but also the sentences were carried out. Seated around this wall, the
+judges heard the pleas and pronounced sentences, in both civil and
+criminal causes. After this public decision, however, there remained an
+appeal for its revocation or confirmation. Three messengers were chosen
+as deputies of the judges, and these went forth from the tribunal to a
+deep ravine, north of the Palace, to a small but neatly fitted up chapel
+or temple, where was located the oracle of the demon. This was a black
+and semi-transparent stone, of a finer grade than that called _chay_
+(obsidian). In its transparency, the demon revealed to them what should
+be their final decision. If it was that the sentence should be
+confirmed, the accused was immediately executed on the central pedestal
+mentioned, which also served as a place of torture. If, on the other
+hand, nothing could be seen in the transparency of the stone, the
+accused was forthwith discharged. This oracle was also consulted in all
+their military undertakings; and war was declared or not, as it seemed
+to dictate, as is stated both by Spaniards and the oldest natives. But
+in the early days of our occupation, when these facts came to the
+knowledge of the Reverend Bishop Don Francisco Marroquin, of glorious
+memory, he gave orders that this stone should be artistically squared,
+and he consecrated it and used it as an altar stone, and at this day it
+is so employed on the grand altar of the convent of _San Francisco de
+Tecpan goathemala_, and it is considered a jewel of unusual beauty and
+value. The size of the stone is a full half yard in each direction.
+
+"The principal gate of this stronghold or citadel was upon the causeway
+mentioned; and they say it was closed with two doors set in the solid
+wall, the external one opening outward, the internal one inward, and
+both were of the stone called _chay_. Thus, one of these doors backed up
+against the other, as we sometimes see double doors in our prisons.
+They were always guarded with double guards, one within, the other
+without, and these guards were changed every seven days. In the open
+country, on the other side of the ravine, there were a number of mounds,
+about a quarter of a league apart, extending for a considerable
+distance. On these, lookouts were constantly stationed, to give notice
+of the invasions of the Quiches or of the Sotojil king."
+
+The site of Iximche was visited in 1840 by the eminent American
+traveler, John L. Stephens. He states that its position, the steep and
+profound barranca, and the plain, "warrant the description given of it
+by Fuentes." A century and a half had, however, almost erased the
+vestiges of human life. "The ground was covered with mounds of ruins. In
+one place we saw the foundations of two houses, one of them about one
+hundred and fifty feet long by fifty feet broad."
+
+Mr. Stephens was also fortunate enough to see and examine the mysterious
+divining stone, preserved in the church of Tecpan Guatemala. But a great
+disappointment awaited him. "This oracular slab is a piece of common
+slate, fourteen inches by ten, and about as thick as those used by boys
+at school, without characters of any kind upon it."[27-1]
+
+A few years after Mr. Stephens' visit, the government of Guatemala
+appointed a commission to survey and examine these ruins. They completed
+their labors successfully, but I have been unable to learn that the
+results were published, although they were written out and placed in the
+governmental archives.[28-1]
+
+
+_Computation of Time._
+
+I propose, in a future work, to discuss the methods of reckoning time in
+use in Central America; but a brief explanation of that adopted by the
+Cakchiquels is essential to a comprehension of their _Annals_.
+
+The Cakchiquels were probably acquainted with the length of the year as
+365 days; there is even some evidence that they allowed an intercalary
+day every four years, by beginning the reckoning of the year one day
+earlier.
+
+The beginning of their year is stated, by most authorities, to have been
+on the day corresponding to our January 31st or February 1st, old style
+(February 11th or 12th, new style).
+
+The year was not divided into lunar months, as was the case with the
+hunting tribes, but in a manner similar to the highly artificial and
+complicated system that prevailed among the Mayas and Mexicans. This
+allotted to the solar year twenty months of eighteen days each, leaving
+a remainder of five days, which the Mexicans called _nemontemi_,
+insufficient; the Mayas _n yail kin_, days of pain or of peril, and the
+Cakchiquels _[tz]api [t]ih_, days of evil or days at fault; and which
+were not included in the count of the months.[28-2]
+
+Dates, however, were not assigned by a simple reference to days of the
+month, but by days of the week; these weeks being of thirteen days each,
+and including every day of the year. The week days were not named, but
+numbered only.
+
+As will be noted in the _Annals_, more importance was attached to the
+day on which an occurrence took place than to the year. This is common
+with untrained minds. Every citizen of the United States knows that
+George Washington was born on the 22d of February; but it would puzzle a
+large portion of them to be asked the year of his birth.
+
+  _Names of the Cakchiquel Months._
+
+     _Name._                _Signification._
+   1. Tacaxepual,            Corn planting
+   2. Nabey tumuzuz,         First of winged ants.
+   3. Rucan tumuzuz,         Second of winged ants.
+   4. Cibix,                 Smoky, or clouds.
+   5. Uchum,                 Re-planting
+   6. Nabey mam,             First grandson.
+   7. Rucab mam,             Second grandson.
+   8. Li[t]in[t]a,           Soft to the hand.
+   9. Nabey to[t],           First cacao harvest.
+  10. Rucab to[t],           Second cacao harvest[TN-1]
+  11. Nabey pach,            First incubation.
+  12. Rucab pach,            Second incubation.
+  13. Tziquin [t]ih,         Bird days.
+  14. Cakan,                 Red clouds.
+  15. Ibota,                 Mat rolling.
+  16. Katic,                 Drying up.
+  17. Itzcal [t]ih,          Bad road days.
+  18. Pariche,               In the woods.
+
+To appreciate the bearing of these names, one must remember that this is
+a rural calendar, in which the months were designated with reference to
+farming and household incidents. Thus, the "winged ants" referred to,
+are a species that appear in March and April, shortly before the first
+of the rainy season; the fourth month is cloudy or misty, from the
+frequent rains; the first and second grandsons refer probably to the
+"suckers," which must be plucked from the growing corn; in the eighth
+month the earth is moist, and must be kept, by tillage, "soft to the
+hand;" the others have obvious rural allusions, down to the last, when
+the natives went "in the woods" to gather fuel. The names appear to be
+all in the Cakchiquel dialect, except the first, _Tacaxepual_, the
+resemblance of which to the name of the second Mexican month,
+_Tlacaxipehualiztli_, is too striking to be a coincidence, and perhaps
+the seventeenth, _Itzcal_, which is very like the eighteenth of the
+Mexican calendar, _Izcalli_; but if borrowed from the latter, two
+Cakchiquel words, of similar sound but different meaning, have been
+substituted for the original by the familiar linguistic principle of
+_otosis_ or paronomasia.
+
+  _Names of the Cakchiquel Days._
+
+     _Name._                   _Name._
+   1. Imox,                 11. Batz,
+   2. I[t],                 12. Ee,
+   3. A[t]bal,              13. Ah,
+   4. Kat,                  14. Yiz,
+   5. Can,                  15. Tziquin,
+   6. Camey,                16. Ahmac,
+   7. Queh,                 17. Noh,
+   8. Kanel,                18. Tihax,
+   9. Toh,                  19. Caok,
+  10. Tzii,                 20. Hunahpu,[TN-2]
+
+The calendars in use were of two different kinds, the one called _[c]hol
+[t]ih_, literally "the valuer or appraiser of days," which was employed
+exclusively for astrological and divining purposes, to decide on which
+were lucky and unlucky days; and _may [t]ih_, "the revolution or
+recurrence of days," which was for chronological purposes.[31-1]
+
+It will be noticed that in Xahila's _Annals_, every year ends on a day
+_Ah_, and that each such closing day is numerically three less than the
+day _Ah_ terminating the preceding year. There are also obvious
+inconsistencies in his identification of native dates with the Christian
+calendar; but these, and the numerous difficult questions they suggest,
+would take me too far afield to enter upon in the present introductory
+paragraphs. The object of this volume is rather to furnish material for
+study than to undertake the study itself.
+
+The brief description of their reckoning of time, given by Sanchez y
+Leon, may be quoted: "They divided the year into 18 months, and each
+month into 20 days; but they counted only by nights, which they
+mentioned as dawns (alboradas); the movements of the sun in the ecliptic
+governed their calendar; they began their year forty days before ours;
+they celebrated annually three great feasts, like Easters, at which
+periods both sexes assembled together at night, and indulged in
+drunkenness and wantonness."[31-2]
+
+I think in this extract the author should have said that they began
+their year 40 days later than ours, as this would bring his statement
+more into conformity with other writers.
+
+
+_Personal and Family Names._
+
+Among the Cakchiquels, each person bore two names; the first his
+individual name, the second that of his family or _chinamitl_. This word
+is pure Nahuatl, and means a place enclosed by a fence,[32-1] and
+corresponds, therefore, to the Latin _herctum_, and the Saxon _ton_. As
+adopted by the Cakchiquels, it meant a household or family of one
+lineage and bearing one name, all of whom were really or theoretically
+descended from one ancestral household. To all such was applied the term
+_aca_, related or affined;[32-2] and marriage within the chinamitl was
+not permitted. When a man of one chinamitl married into another, every
+male in the latter became his brother-in-law, _baluc_, or son-in-law,
+_hi_.[32-3]
+
+Each _chinamitl_ was presided over by a recognized leader, the "head of
+the house," whose title was _ah[c,]alam_, "the keeper of the
+tablets,"[32-4] probably the painted records on which the genealogy of
+the family and the duties of its members were inscribed.
+
+The division of the early tribes into these numerous families was not
+ancient, dating, according to tradition, from about a century and a half
+before the Conquest.[32-5]
+
+The family name was sometimes derived from a locality, sometimes from a
+peculiarity, and at others from astrological motives.[33-1]
+
+The personal name was always that of the day of birth, this being
+adopted for astrological reasons. There was a fixed opinion that the
+temperament and fortunes of the individual were controlled by the
+supposed character of his birthday, and its name and number were
+therefore prefixed to his family name. This explains the frequent
+occurrence in the Cakchiquel _Annals_ of such strange appellatives as
+_Belehe Queh_, nine deer; _Cay Batz_, two monkey, etc.; these being, in
+fact, the days of the year on which the bearers were born. They should
+be read, "the 9th Queh," "the 2d Batz," etc.
+
+
+_Tribal Subdivisions._
+
+The _chinamitl_ appears to have been the sub-gens. Besides it, there are
+other words frequently recurring in the _Annals_ referring to divisions
+of the community, _hay_, home or household; _[c]hob_, sept or division;
+and _ama[t]_ tribe or city.
+
+The first of these, _hay_, appears to be a general term applied to a
+community, without necessarily implying relationship. An Indian, asked
+where he is from, will answer _in ah-hay vae_, "I am of this place,"
+referring to his village. Yet it is evident that in early times, all of
+one village were considered to be related. The word _hay_,
+moroever,[TN-3] does not signify a house as an edifice. In that sense
+the proper term is _ochoch_.
+
+The frequent references by Xahila to the seven tribes, or rather the
+seven cities, _vuk ama[t]_, and the thirteen divisions or provinces,
+_oxlahuh [c]hob_, are not explained in the course of the narrative.
+These numbers retained sacred associations, as they were adopted later
+to assign the days of worship of their divinity (see Sec. 44). Brasseur
+is of opinion that the thirteen divisions refer to the Pokomams,[34-1]
+but that such a subdivision obtained among the Cakchiquels as well, is
+evident from many parts of their _Annals_. The same division also
+prevailed, from remote times, among the Quiches,[34-2] and hence was
+probably in use among all these tribes. It may have had some
+superstitious connection with the thirteen days of their week. The
+_[c]hob_ may be regarded as the original gens of the tribe, and the
+similarity of this word to the radical syllable of the Nahuatl
+_calp-ulli_, may not be accidental. I have elsewhere spoken of the
+singular frequency with which we hear of seven ancestors, cities, caves,
+etc., in the most ancient legends of the American race.[34-3]
+
+
+_Terms of Affinity and Salutation._
+
+In the Cakchiquel grammar which I edited, I have given a tolerably full
+list of the terms of consanguinity and affinity in the tongue (pp. 28,
+29). But it is essential to the correct understanding of the text in
+this volume, to recognize the fact that many such terms in Cakchiquel
+are, in the majority of cases, terms of salutation only, and do not
+express actual relationship.
+
+Examples of this are the words _tata_, father, used by women to all
+adult males; and _tee_, mother, employed by both sexes in addressing
+adult women. In Xahila's writings, we constantly find the words _nimal_,
+elder brother, and _cha[t]_, younger brother, inserted merely as
+friendly epithets. The term _mama_, grandfather, almost always means
+simply "ancestor," or, indeed, any member of an anterior generation
+beyond the first degree. This word must not be confounded with _mam_ (an
+error occurring repeatedly in Brasseur's writings), as the latter means
+"grandchild;" and according to Father Coto, it may be applied by a
+grandparent of either sex to a grandchild of either sex.
+
+
+_Titles and Social Castes._
+
+There are a number of terms of frequent recurrence in Xahila's text,
+expressing the different offices in the government, rank in social life
+and castes of the population, which offer peculiar difficulty to the
+translator, because we have no corresponding expressions in European
+tongues; while to retain them in the version, renders it less
+intelligible, and even somewhat repulsive to the reader. I have thought
+it best, generally, to give these terms an approximate English rendering
+in my translation, while in the present section I submit them to a
+critical examination.
+
+The ordinary term for chief or ruler, in both the Cakchiquel and Maya
+dialects, is _ahau_. Probably this is a compound of _ah_, a common
+prefix in these tongues, originally signifying _person_, and hence, when
+attached to a verb, conveying the notion of one accustomed to exercise
+the action indicated; to a noun of place, a resident there; and to a
+common noun, a worker in or owner of the article; and _u_, a collar,
+especially an ornamental collar, here intended as a badge of authority.
+_Ahau_ is, therefore, "the wearer of the collar;" and by this
+distinction equivalent to chief, ruler, captain, lord, king, or emperor,
+by all which words it is rendered in the lexicons. It is not a special
+title, but a general term.
+
+Scarcely less frequent is the term _ahpop_. This is a compound of the
+same prefix _ah_, with the word _pop_, which means a mat. To sit upon
+such a mat was a privilege of nobility, and of such dignitaries as were
+entitled to be present at the national council; _ahpop_, therefore, may
+be considered as equivalent to the German title _Rath_, counsellor, and
+appears to have been used much in the same conventional manner. In the
+Cakchiquel lexicons, _popoh_ is "to hold a council;" _popol_, a council;
+_popoltzih_, "to speak in council," etc. All these are derived from the
+word _pop_, mat; from the mats on which the councillors sat during their
+deliberations.
+
+Personages of the highest rank, of the "blood royal," combined these
+titles. They were _ahau ahpop_, "lords of the council." Uniting the
+latter title to the family names of the ruling house, the chief ruler
+was known as _Ahpo' Zotzil_, and the second in rank and heir-apparent,
+as _Ahpo' Xahil_. The oldest son of the former bore the title
+_Ahpop-[c]amahay_, which is translated by the best authorities
+"messenger of the council," and ordinarily was applied to an official
+who communicated the decisions of the councils of one village to that
+of another.[37-1] Another title, mentioned by Xahila, is _ahpop-achi_,
+the last word means man, _vir_.
+
+A third article, which distinguished the higher classes, was the seat or
+stool on which they sat during solemn ceremonies. This was called
+_[t]aalibal_, an instrumental noun from the verb _[t]al_, to be visible
+or prominent, persons so seated being elevated above, and thus
+distinguished from others, from this the verbal form, _[t]alel_, was
+derived, meaning "he who is prominent," etc., or, more freely,
+"illustrious," "distinguished."[37-2] The title _ahpop [t]alel_ meant,
+therefore, originally "he who is entitled to a mat and a stool," that
+is, in the council chamber of his town.
+
+Another official connected with the council was the orator appointed to
+bring before it the business of the day. His title was _ah uchan_, from
+_ucheex_, to speak, and it is translated by Spanish writers, the
+"rhetorician, orator."[37-3] A similar personage, the _ah tzih vinak_,
+"the man of words,"[37-4] was in attendance on the king, and,
+apparently, was the official mouth-piece of the royal will. Still a
+third, known as the _lol-may_, which apparently means "silence-breaker,"
+was, according to the dictionaries, "an envoy dispatched by the rulers
+to transact business or to collect tributes."[38-1]
+
+Very nearly or quite the same organization prevailed in the courts of
+Quiche and Atitlan. The chiefs of the latter province forwarded, in
+1571, a petition to Philip II, in which they gave some interesting
+particulars of their former government. They say: "The supreme ruler was
+called _Atziquinihai_, and the chiefs who shared the authority with him,
+_Amac Tzutuhil_. These latter were sovereigns, and acknowledged no
+superiors.... The sovereign, or king, did not recognize any authority
+above himself. The persons or officers who attended at his court were
+called _Lolmay_, _Atzivinac_, _Galel_, _Ah-uchan_. They were factors,
+auditors and treasurers. Our titles correspond to yours."[38-2]
+
+The name here applied to the ruler of the Tzutuhils, _Atziquinahay_,
+recurs in Xahila's _Annals_. It was his family name, and in its proper
+form, _Ah [c,]iquin-i-hay_, means "he who is a member of the bird
+family;"[38-3] the bird being the totemic symbol of the ruling house.
+
+While the nobles were distinguished by titles such as these, the mass of
+the people were divided into well defined classes or castes. The
+warriors were called _ah-labal_, from _labal_, war; and they were
+distinguished from the general male population, who were known as
+_achi_, men, _viri_. These were independent freemen, engaged in peaceful
+avocations, but, of course, ready to take up arms on occasion. They were
+broadly distinguished from the tributaries, called _ah-patan_; the
+latter word meaning tax or tribute; and still more sharply from the
+slaves, known as _vinakitz_, "mean men," or by the still more
+significant word _mun_, hungry (Guzman, _Compendio_). The less
+cultivated tribes speaking other tongues, adjoining the Cakchiquels,
+were promiscuously stigmatized with the name _chicop_, brutes or beasts.
+
+A well developed system of tribute seems to have prevailed, and it is
+often referred to by Xahila. The articles delivered to the collectors
+were gold, silver, plain and worked, feathers, cacao, engraved stones,
+and what appear as singular, garlands (_[c]ubul_) and songs, painted
+apparently on skins or paper.
+
+
+_Religious Notions._
+
+The deities worshiped by these nations, the meaning and origin of their
+titles, and the myths connected with them, have been the subject of an
+examination by me in an earlier work.[39-1] Here, therefore, it will be
+needless to repeat what I have there said, further than to add a few
+remarks explanatory of the Cakchiquel religion in particular.
+
+According to the _Popol Vuh_, "the chief god of the Cakchiquels was
+_Chamalcan_, and his image was a bat."[40-1] Brasseur endeavored to
+trace this to a Nahuatl etymology,[40-2] but there is little doubt it
+refers, as do so many of the Cakchiquel proper names, to their calendar.
+_Can_ is the fifth day of their week, and its sign was a serpent;[40-3]
+_chamal_ is a slightly abbreviated form of _chaomal_, which the lexicons
+translate "beauty" and "fruitfulness," connected with _chaomar_, to
+yield abundantly. He was the serpent god of fruitfulness, and by this
+type suggests relations to the lightning and the showers. The bat,
+_Zotz_, was the totem of the Zotzils, the ruling family of the
+Cakchiquels; and from the extract quoted, they seem to have set it up as
+the image of Chamalcan.
+
+The generic term for their divinities, employed by Xahila, and also
+frequently in the _Popol Vuh_, is _[c]abuyl_, which I have elsewhere
+derived from the Maya _chab_, to create, to form. It is closely allied
+to the epithets applied in both works to the Deity, _[c,]akol_, the
+maker, especially he who makes something from earth or clay; _bitol_,
+the former, or fashioner; _[c]aholom_, the begetter of sons; _alom_, the
+bearer of children; these latter words intimating the bi-sexual nature
+of the principal divinity, as we also find in the Aztec mythology and
+elsewhere. The name _[c]axto[c]_, the liar, from the verb
+_[c]axto[c]oh_, to lie, also frequently used by Xahila with reference to
+the chief god of his nation in its heathendom, may possibly have arisen
+after their conversion to Christianity; but from the coincidence that
+the Algonkin tribes constantly applied such seemingly opprobrious terms
+to their principal deity, it may have arisen from a similar cycle of
+myths as did theirs.[41-1]
+
+There are references in Xahila's _Annals_ to the Quiche deities,
+Exbalanquen, Cabrakan, Hunahpu, and Tohil, but they do not seem to have
+occupied any prominent place in Cakchiquel mythology. Several minor gods
+are named, as _Belehe Toh_, nine Toh, and _Hun Tihax_, one Tihax; these
+appellations are taken from the calendar.
+
+Father Pantaleon de Guzman furnishes the names of various inferior
+deities, which serve to throw light on the Cakchiquel religion. Four of
+these appear to be gods of diseases, _Ahal puh_, _Ahal te[t]ob_, _Ahal
+xic_, and _Ahal [t]anya_; at least three of these second words are also
+the designations of maladies, and _ahal_ is probably a mistake of the
+copyist for _ahau_, lord. As the gods of the abode of the dead, he names
+_Tatan bak_ and _Tatan holom_, Father Bones and Father Skull.
+
+Another series of appellations which Guzman gives as of Cakchiquel gods,
+show distinctly the influence of Nahuatl doctrines. There are _Mictan
+ahauh_, lord of Mictlan, this being the name of the abode of darkness,
+in Aztec mythology; _Caueztan ahauh_, probably _Coatlan_, lord of the
+abode of serpents; _Tzitzimil_, the _tzitzimime_ of the Aztecs; and
+_Colele_, probably _colotl_, the scorpion, or _tecolotl_, the owl,
+which latter, under the name _tucur_, is also mentioned by Xahila.[42-1]
+
+Father Coto refers to some of their deities of the woods and streams.
+One of these, the Man of the Woods, is famous throughout Yucatan and
+most of Central America. The Spaniards call him _Salonge_, the Mayas
+_Che Vinic_, and the Cakchiquels _ru vinakil chee_; both these latter
+meaning "the woods man." What gives this phantom especial interest in
+this connection is, that Father Coto identifies the woodsman with the
+_Zaki[c]oxol_, the white fire maker, encountered by the Cakchiquels in
+Xahila's narrative (Sec. 21).[42-2] I have narrated the curious
+folk-lore about the woodsman in another publication, and need not repeat
+it here.[42-3] His second name, the White Fire Maker, perhaps refers to
+the "light wood" or phosphorescence about damp and decaying trees.
+
+To the water-sprites, the Undines of their native streams, they gave the
+name _xulu_, water-flies, or _ru vinakil ya_, the water people.
+
+As their household gods, they formed little idols of the ashes from the
+funeral pyres of their great men, kneading them with clay. To these they
+gave the name _vinak_, men or beings (Coto).
+
+Representations of these divinities were carved in wood and stone, and
+the words _chee abah_, "wood and stone," usually mean, when they appear
+together in Xahila's narrative, "idols or images in wood and stone."
+
+The Stone God, indeed, is a prominent figure in their mythology, as it
+was in their daily life. This was the sacred _Chay Abah_, the Obsidian
+Stone, which was the oracle of their nation, and which revealed the will
+of the gods on all important civil and military questions. To this day,
+their relatives, the Mayas of Yucatan, attach implicit faith to the
+revelations of the _zaztun_, the divining stone kept by their sorcerers,
+and if it decrees the death of any one, they will despatch him with
+their machetes, without the slightest hesitation.[43-1] The belief was
+cherished by the rulers and priests, as they alone possessed the power
+to gaze on the polished surface of the sacred block of obsidian, and
+read thereupon the invisible decrees of divinity. (See above, p. 25).
+
+As the stone came from the earth, it was said to have been derived from
+the under world, from _Xibalbay_, literally the unseen or invisible
+place, the populous realm in Quiche myth, visited and conquered by their
+culture hero, Xbalanque. Hence in Cakchiquel tale, the Chay Abah
+represented the principle of life, as well as the source of
+knowledge.[43-2]
+
+The Cakchiquel _Annals_ do not pretend to deal with mythology, but from
+various references and fragments inserted as history, it is plain that
+they shared the same sacred legends as the Quiches, which were, in all
+probability, under slightly different forms, the common property of the
+Maya race. They all indicate loans from the Aztec mythology. In the
+Cakchiquel _Annals_, as in the _Popol Vuh_ and the _Maya Chronicles_, we
+hear of the city of the sun god, _Tulan_ or _Tonatlan_, as the place of
+their origin, of the land _Zuiva_ and of the _Nonoalcos_, names
+belonging to the oldest cycles of myths in the religion of the Aztecs.
+In the first volume of this series I have discussed their appearance in
+the legends of Central America,[44-1] and need not refer to them here
+more than to say that those who have founded on these names theories of
+the derivation of the Maya tribes or their ruling families from the
+Toltecs, a purely imaginary people, have perpetrated the common error of
+mistaking myth for history. It is this error that renders valueless much
+that the Abbe Brasseur, M. Charnay and others of the French school, have
+written on this subject.
+
+Xahila gives an interesting description of some of their ancient rites
+(Sec. 44). Their sacred days were the 7th and 13th of each week. White
+resin was burned as incense, and green branches with the bark of
+evergreen trees were brought to the temple, and burned before the idol,
+together with a small animal, which he calls a cat, "as the image of
+night;" but our domestic cat was unknown to them, and what animal was
+originally meant by the word _mez_, I do not know.
+
+He mentions that the priests and nobles drew blood with the spines of
+the gourd tree and maguey, and elsewhere (Sec. 37) refers to the
+sacrifice of infants at a certain festival. The word for the sacrificial
+letting of blood was _[c,]ohb_, which, by some of the missionaries, was
+claimed as the root of the word _[c]abuil_, deity.
+
+Human sacrifice was undoubtedly frequent, although the reverse has been
+asserted by various historians.[45-1] Father Varea gives some curious
+particulars. The victim was immolated by fire, the proper word being
+_[c]atoh_, to burn, and then cut in pieces and eaten. When it was, as
+usual, a male captive, the genital organs were given to one of the old
+women who were prophetesses, to be eaten by her, as a reward for her
+supplications for their future success in battle.[45-2] The cutting in
+pieces of Tol[c]om, in the narrative of Xahila, has reference to such a
+festival.
+
+Sanchez y Leon states that the most usual sacrifice was a child. The
+heart was taken out, and the blood was sprinkled toward the four
+cardinal points as an act of adoration to the four winds, copal being
+burned at the same time, as an incense.[45-3]
+
+A leading feature in their ceremonial worship was the sacred dance, or,
+as the Spanish writers call it, _el baile_. The native name for it is
+_xahoh_, and it is repeatedly referred to in the _Annals_. The legendary
+origin of some of these dances, indeed, constitute a marked feature in
+its narratives. They are mentioned by the missionaries as the favorite
+pastime of the Indians; and as it was impossible to do away with them
+altogether, they contented themselves with suppressing their most
+objectionable features, drunkenness and debauchery, and changed them, at
+least in name, from ceremonies in honor of some heathen god, to some
+saint in the Roman calendar. In some of these, vast numbers of
+assistants took part, as is mentioned by Xahila (Sec. 32).
+
+Magic and divination held a very important place in Cakchiquel
+superstition, as the numerous words bearing upon them testify. The form
+of belief common to them and their neighbors, has received the name
+_Nagualism_, from the Maya root _na_, meaning to use the senses. I have
+traced its derivation and extension elsewhere,[46-1] and in this
+connection will only observe that the narrative of Xahila, in repeated
+passages, proves how deeply it was rooted in the Cakchiquel mind. The
+expression _ru puz ru naval_, should generally be rendered "his magic
+power, his sorcery," though it has a number of allied significations.
+_Naval_ as a noun means magician, _naval chee_, _naval abah_, the spirit
+of the tree, of the stone, or the divinity embodied in the idols of
+these substances.
+
+Another root from which a series of such words were derived, was _hal_,
+to change. The power of changing or metamorphosing themselves into
+tigers, serpents, birds, globes of fire, etc., was claimed by the
+sorcerers, and is several times mentioned in the following texts. Hence
+the sorcerer was called _haleb_, the power he possessed to effect such
+transformations _halibal_, the change effected _halibeh_, etc.
+
+Their remarkable subjection to these superstitions is illustrated by the
+word _lab_, which means both to divine the future and to make war,
+because, says Ximenez, "they practiced divination in order to decide
+whether they should make war or not."[47-1]
+
+These auguries were derived frequently from the flight and call of birds
+(as in the _Annals_, Secs. 13, 14, etc.), but also from other sources.
+The diviner who foretold by grains of maize, bore the title _malol
+ixim_, the anointer or consecrator of maize (_Dicc. Anon_[TN-4]).
+
+The priesthood was represented by two high priests, elected for life by
+the ruler and council. The one who had especial custody of religious
+affairs wore a flowing robe, a circlet or diadem on his head ornamented
+with feathers, and carried in his hand a rod, or wand. On solemn
+occasions he publicly sacrificed blood from his ears, tongue, and
+genital organ.
+
+His associate was the custodian and interpreter of the sacred books,
+their calendars and myths, and decided on lucky and unlucky days, omens
+and prognostics.
+
+In addition to these, there were certain old men, of austere life, who
+dwelt in the temples, and wore their hair in plaited strands around
+their heads (_trenzado en circulo_), who were consulted on ordinary
+occasions as diviners.[47-2]
+
+The funeral rites of the Cakchiquels have been related at considerable
+length by Fuentes, from original documents in the Pokoman[TN-5]
+dialect.[48-1] The body was laid in state for two days, after which it
+was placed in a large jar and interred, a mound being erected over the
+remains. On the mound a statue of the deceased was placed, and the spot
+was regarded as sacred. Father Coto gives somewhat the same account,
+adding that these mounds were constructed either of stone or of the
+adjacent soil, and were called _cakhay_ or _cubucak_.[48-2] He
+positively asserts that human sacrifices accompanied the interments of
+chiefs, which is denied by Fuentes, except among the Quiches. These
+companions for the deceased chief on his journey to the land of souls,
+were burned on his funeral pyre. A large store of charcoal was buried
+with the corpse, as that was supposed to be an article of which he would
+have special use on his way. Sanchez y Leon mentions that the high
+priest was buried in his house, clothed and seated upon his chair. The
+funeral ceremonies, in his case, lasted fifteen days.[48-3]
+
+
+_The Cakchiquel Language._
+
+The Cakchiquel tongue was reduced to writing by the Spanish
+missionaries, and therefore, in this work, as in all the MSS, the
+following letters are used with their Spanish values,--a, b, c, ch, c,
+e, i, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, t, y.
+
+The following are not employed:--
+
+d, f, g, j, s, n, z.
+
+The following are introduced, but with sounds differing from the
+Spanish:--
+
+_h._ This is always a decided rough breathing or forcible expiration,
+like the Spanish j, or the strong English h; except when it follows c or
+[c], when it is pronounced as in the Spanish, _cha_, _che_, etc.
+
+_k._ This has never the sound of c, but is a rough palatal, the mouth
+being opened, and the tongue placed midway, between the upper and lower
+walls of the oral cavity, while the sound is forcibly expelled.
+
+_v._ This letter, whether as a consonant (_v_) or a vowel (_u_), is
+pronounced separately, except when it is doubled, as in _vuh_ (_uuh_),
+book or paper, when the double vowel is very closely akin to the English
+_w_.
+
+_x._ In Cakchiquel and its associated dialects, this letter represents
+the sound of _sh_ in the English words _she_, _shove_, etc.
+
+Besides the above, there are five sounds occurring in the Cakchiquel,
+Quiche and Tzutuhil, for which five special characters were invented, or
+rather adopted, by the early missionary Francisco de la Parra, who died
+in Guatemala, in 1560. They are the following:--
+
+  [c,]   [c,]h   [c]   [t]   [tz]
+
+The origin and phonetic value of these, as given by the grammarian
+Torresano, are as follows:[49-1]--
+
+[t] This is called the _tresillo_, from its shape, it being an old form
+of the figure three, reversed, thus, [Illustration: Reversed 3]. It is
+the only true guttural in the language, being pronounced forcibly from
+the throat, with a trilling sound (_castaneteando_).
+
+[c] From its shape this is called the _cuatrillo_, Parra having adopted
+for it an old form of the figure 4. It is a trilled palatal, between a
+hard _c_ and _k_.
+
+[c,] The name applied to this is, the _cuatrillo con coma_, or the 4
+with a comma. It is pronounced somewhat like the _c_ with the cedilla,
+c, only more quickly and with greater force--_ds_ or _dz_.
+
+[tz] This resembles the "4 with a comma," but is described as softer,
+the tongue being brought into contact with the teeth, exactly as _tz_ in
+German.
+
+[c,]h A compound sound produced by combining the cuatrillo with a
+forcible aspirate, is represented by this sign.
+
+Naturally, no description in words can convey a correct notion of these
+sounds. To learn them, one must hear them spoken by those to the
+manner-born.
+
+Dr. Otto Stoll, who recently made a careful study of the Cakchiquel when
+in Guatemala, says of Parra's characters:--
+
+"The four new signs added to the European alphabet, by some of the old
+writers on Cakchiquel (Parra, Flores), viz: [t], [c], [c,], [c]h, are
+but phonetic modifications of four corresponding signs of the common
+alphabet. So we get four pairs of sounds, namely:--
+
+   c and [c];
+   k and [t]
+  ch and [c]h
+  tz and [c,]
+
+forming two series of consonants, the former of which represents the
+common letters, and the latter their respective "cut letters," which may
+be described as being pronounced with a shorter and more explosive sound
+than the corresponding common letter, and separated by a short pause
+from the preceding or following vowel."[51-1]
+
+The late Dr. Berendt illustrated the phonetic value of such "cut"
+letters, by the example of two English words where the same letter
+terminates one word and begins the next, and each is clearly but rapidly
+pronounced, thus, the [t] is pronounced like two gutteral[TN-6] _ks_ in
+"brea_k_ _k_ettle;" the [c] like the two _cs_ in "magic candle,"[TN-7]
+etc.
+
+There would appear to have been other "cut" letters in the old dialects
+of Cakchiquel, as in Guzman we find the _pp_ and _thth_, as in the Maya,
+but later writers dropped them.
+
+I may dispense with a discussion of the literature of the Cakchiquel
+language, having treated that subject so lately as last year, in the
+introduction to the _Grammar of the Cakchiquel_, which I then translated
+and edited for the American Philosophical Society. As will be seen by
+reference to that work, it is quite extensive, and much of it has been
+preserved. I have examined seven dictionaries of the tongue, all quite
+comprehensive; manuscript copies of all are in the United States. None
+of these, however, has been published; and we must look forward to the
+dictionary now preparing by Dr. Stoll, of Zurich, as probably the first
+to see the light.
+
+The Maya race, in nearly all its branches, showed its intellectual
+superiority by the eagerness with which it turned to literary pursuits,
+as soon as some of its members had learned the alphabet. I have brought
+forward some striking testimony to this in Yucatan,[52-1] and there is
+even more in Central America. The old historians frequently refer to the
+histories of their own nations, written out by members of the Quiche,
+Cakchiquel, Pokomam and Tzendal tribes. Vasquez, Fuentes and Juarros
+quote them frequently, and with respect. They were composed in the
+aboriginal tongues, for the benefit of their fellow townsmen, and as
+they were never printed, most of them became lost, much to the regret of
+antiquaries.
+
+Of those preserved, the _Popol Vuh_ or National Book of the Quiches, and
+the _Annals_ of the Cakchiquels, the latter published for the first time
+in this volume, are the most important known.
+
+The former, the "Sacred Book" of the Quiches, a document of the highest
+merits, and which will certainly increase in importance as it is
+studied, was printed at Paris in 1861, with a translation into French by
+the Abbe Brasseur (de Bourbourg). He made use only of the types of the
+Latin alphabet; and both in this respect and in the fidelity of his
+translation, he has left much to be desired in the presentation of the
+work.
+
+The recent publication of the _Grammar_ also relieves me from the
+necessity of saying much about the structure of the Cakchiquel language.
+Those who wish to acquaint themselves with it, and follow the
+translation given in this volume by comparing the original text, will
+need to procure all the information contained in the _Grammar_. It will
+be sufficient to say here that the tongue is one built up with admirable
+regularity on radicals of one or two syllables. The perfection and
+logical sequence of its verbal forms have excited the wonder and
+applause of some of the most eminent linguists, and are considered by
+them to testify to remarkable native powers of mind.[53-1]
+
+
+_The Annals of Xahila._
+
+The MS. from which I print the _Annals of the Cakchiquels_, is a folio
+of 48 leaves, closely written on both sides in a very clear and regular
+hand, with indigo ink. It is incomplete, the last page closing in the
+middle of a sentence.
+
+What is known of the history of this manuscript, is told us by Don Juan
+Gavarrete, who, for many years, was almost the only native of Guatemala
+interested in the early history of his country. He tells us in his
+introduction to his translation of it, soon to be mentioned, that in
+1844 he was commissioned to arrange the archives of the Convent of San
+Francisco of Guatemala, by order of the Archbishop Don Francisco Garcia
+Pelaez. Among the MSS. of the archives he found these sheets, written
+entirely in Cakchiquel, except a few marginal glosses in Spanish, in a
+later hand, and in ordinary ink. The document was submitted to several
+persons acquainted with the Cakchiquel language, who gave a general
+statement of its contents, but not a literal and complete
+translation.[54-1]
+
+When, in 1855, the Abbe Brasseur (de Bourbourg) visited Guatemala, Senor
+Gavarrete showed him this MS., and the Abbe borrowed it for the purpose
+of making a full version, doubtless availing himself of the partial
+translations previously furnished. His version completed, he left a copy
+of it with Senor Gavarrete, and brought the original with him to
+Europe.[54-2] It remained in his possession until his death at Nice,
+when, along with the rest of the Abbe's library, it passed into the
+hands of M. Alphonse Pinart. This eminent ethnologist learning my desire
+to include it in the present series of publications, was obliging enough
+to offer me the opportunity of studying it.
+
+Previous to its discovery in Guatemala, in 1844, we have no record of it
+whatsoever, and must turn to the document itself for information.
+
+The title given it by Brasseur, and adopted by Gavarrete, _Memorial de
+Tecpan Atitlan_, was purely factitious, and, moreover, is misleading. It
+was, indeed, written at the town of Tzolola or Atitlan, on the lake of
+that name, the chief city of the Tzutuhils; but its authors were
+Cakchiquels; its chief theme is the history of their tribe, and it is
+only by the accident of their removal to Atitlan, years after the
+Conquest, that its composition occurred there. I have, therefore,
+adopted for it, or at least that portion of it which I print, the much
+more appropriate name, _The Annals of the Cakchiquels_.
+
+I say "for that portion of it," because I print but 48 out of the 96
+pages of the original. These contain, however, all that is of general
+interest; all that pertains to the ancient history of the nation. The
+remainder is made up of an uninteresting record of village and family
+incidents, and of a catalogue of births, baptisms and marriages. The
+beginning of the text as printed in this volume, starts abruptly in the
+MS. after seventeen pages of such trivialities, and has no separate
+title or heading.
+
+The caption of the first page of the MS. explains the purpose of this
+miscellaneous collection of family documents. That caption is
+
+  [Illustration: Cross]
+
+  VAE MEMORIA CHIRE [C]HAOH.
+
+  THIS IS THE RECORD FOR THE PROCESS.
+
+The word _memoria_ is the Spanish for a record, memoir or brief, and the
+Cakchiquel _[c]haoh_, originally contention, revolt, was, after the
+Conquest, the technical term for a legal process or lawsuit. These
+papers, therefore, form part of the record in one of those interminable
+legal cases in which the Spanish law delighted. The plaintiffs in the
+case seem to have been the Xahila family, who brought the action to
+recover some of their ancient possessions or privileges, as one of the
+two ruling families of the Cakchiquel nation; and in order to establish
+this point, they filed in their plea the full history of their tribe and
+genealogy of their family, so far as was known to them by tradition or
+written record. It belongs to the class of legal instruments, called in
+Spanish law _Titulos_, family titles. A number of such, setting forth
+the descent and rights of the native princes in Central America, are in
+existence, as the _Titulo de Totonicapan_, etc.
+
+The date of the present rescript is not accurately fixed. As it includes
+the years 1619-20, it must have been later than those dates. From the
+character of the paper and writing, I should place it somewhere between
+1620 and 1650.
+
+In his _Advertencia_ to his translation of it, Senor Gavarrete asserts
+that the document is in the handwriting of one of the native authors.
+This is not my opinion. It is in the small, regular, perfectly legible
+hand of a professional scribe, a notarial clerk, no doubt, thoroughly at
+home in the Cakchiquel language, and trained in the phonetic characters,
+introduced with such success by Father Parra, as I have already
+mentioned. The centre lines and catch-words are in large, clear letters,
+so as to attract the eye of the barrister, as
+
+  VAE MEMORIA CHIRE VINAK CHIJ.
+
+  THIS IS THE STATEMENT OF THE TORTS.
+
+or,
+
+  VAE MEMORIA [T]ANAVINAKIL.
+
+  THIS IS A RECORD OF THE WITNESSES.
+
+The document is made up of the depositions and statements of a number of
+members of the Xahila family, but that around which the chief interest
+centres, and that which alone is printed in this volume, is the history
+of his nation as written out by one of them who had already reached
+adult years, at the epoch of the first arrival of the Spaniards, in
+1524. Unfortunately, his simple-hearted modesty led him to make few
+personal allusions, and we can glean little information about his own
+history. The writer first names himself, in the year 1582, where he
+speaks of "me, Francisco Ernantez Arana."[57-1] The greater part of the
+manuscript, however, was composed many years before this. Its author
+says that his grandfather, the king Hun Yg, and his father, Balam, both
+died in 1521, and his own marriage took place in 1522. As it was the
+custom of his nation to marry young, he was probably, at the time, not
+over 15 years of age.[57-2]
+
+That Francisco Ernantez was not the author of the first part of the
+document seems evident. Under the year 1560 occurs the following
+entry:--
+
+"Twenty days before the Feast of the Nativity my mother died; soon
+after, my late father was carried off (xchaptah) while they were burying
+my mother; my father took medicine but once before we buried him. The
+pest continued to rage for seven days after Easter; my mother, my
+father, my brother and my sister died this year."
+
+It could not, of course, be the son of Balam, who died in 1521, who
+wrote this.
+
+Under 1563 the writer mentions:--
+
+"At this time my second son Raphael was born, at the close of the fourth
+year of the fourth cycle after the revolt."
+
+The last entry which contains the characteristic words _ixnu[c]ahol_,
+"you my children," occurs in the year 1559, and is the last given in my
+translation. My belief is that the document I give was written by the
+father of Francisco Ernantez Xahila. The latter continued it from 1560
+to 1583, when it was taken up by Francisco Diaz, and later by other
+members of the Xahila family.
+
+The Abbe Brasseur was of the opinion that these _Annals_ carry the
+record of the nation back to the beginning of the eleventh century, at
+least. A close examination of the account shows that this is not the
+case. Gagavitz, the earliest ruler of the nation, can easily be traced
+as the ancestor in the eighth remove, of the author. The genealogy is as
+follows:--
+
+1. Gagavitz, "he who came from Tulan."
+
+2. His son, Cay Noh, who succeeded him.
+
+3. Citan Qatu, son of Cay Noh, who also ruled.
+
+4. His son, Citan Tihax Cablah, who does not seem to have enjoyed the
+leadership. It was regained by
+
+5. His son, Vukubatz, by the aid of the Quiche king, Quikab.[TN-8]
+
+6. Oxlahuh Tzii, eldest son of Vukubatz, died A. D., 1509.
+
+7. Succeeded by his eldest son, Hun Yg, who died, together with his
+eldest son Balam, the father of the author, in the year 1521.
+
+Allowing to these seven who outlived their parents an average survival
+of twenty years, we are carried back to about the year 1380, as that on
+which the migration, headed by Gagavitz, began its wanderings, little
+more, therefore, than the length of two lives as protracted as that of
+the author himself. This result is that generally obtained by a careful
+scrutiny of American traditions. They very rarely are so far-reaching as
+has usually been supposed. Anything spoken of as more than three or four
+generations distant, may safely be assumed as belonging to myth, and not
+to history.
+
+It was the expressed intention of the Abbe Brasseur to edit the original
+text with his translation, but this he did not live to accomplish. He
+incorporated numerous extracts from it in his _Histoire des Nations
+Civilisees du Mexique et de l'Amerique Centrale_, and added a few
+paragraphs in the original at the end of the first volume of that work;
+but these did not give much idea of the document as a whole.
+
+When, with the aid of the previous partial translations and the
+assistance of some intelligent natives, he had completed a version into
+French, of that portion composed by the first two writers he gave a copy
+of it to Don Juan Gavarrete. This antiquary translated it into Spanish,
+and published it serially, in the _Boletin de la Sociedad Economica de
+Guatemala_, beginning with No. 29, September, 1873, and continuing to
+No. 43. Copies of this publication are, however, so scarce that I have
+been unable to learn of a complete file, even in Guatemala. The
+dissolution of the Sociedad Economica by order of the late President
+Barrios, scattered the copies in its own archives.
+
+
+_Synopsis of the Annals of Xahila._
+
+The work opens with a statement that the writer intends to record the
+ancient traditions of his tribe, as handed down from their early heroes,
+Gagavitz and Zactecauh. He begins with a brief genealogical table of the
+four sub-tribes of the Cakchiquels (Secs. 1-3), and then relates their
+notions of the creation of man at one of the mythical cities of Tulan,
+in the distant west (4, 5). Having been subjected to onerous burdens in
+Tulan, they determine to leave it, and are advised to go by their
+oracles (6-14).
+
+They cross the sea, proceeding toward the east, and arrive at a land
+inhabited by the Nonoualcats, an Aztec people (15-17). Their first
+action is formally to choose Gagavitz and Zactecauh as their joint
+rulers (18-19), and under their leadership they proceed to attack the
+Nonoualcats. After a severe conflict the Cakchiquels are defeated, and
+are obliged to seek safety in further wanderings. At length they reach
+localities in Guatemala (20). At this point an episode is introduced of
+their encounter with the spirit of the forests, Zakiqoxol (21, 22).
+
+They meet with various nations, some speaking a totally different
+language; others, as the Mams and Pokomams, dialects of their own. With
+the last mentioned they have serious conflicts (23-29). During one of
+their journeys, Zactecauh is killed by falling down a ravine (30). An
+episode here relates the traditional origin of one of their festivals,
+that in honor of Gagxanul, "the uncoverer of the fire" (31, 32).
+
+Their first arrival at Lake Atitlan is noted (33), and the war that they
+waged with the Ikomags (34). Here an episode describes the traditional
+origin of the festival of Tolgom (35-37). A peaceful division of the
+lake with the Tzutuhils is effected, and marriages take place between
+the tribes (38).
+
+The Cakchiquels, Quiches and Akahals now settle permanently in their
+towns, and develop their civilization (39, 40). They meet with numerous
+hardships, as well as internal dissensions, the chief Baqahol at one
+time obtaining the leadership. They succeed in establishing, however,
+family life and a fixed religious worship, though in almost constant war
+with their neighbors (41-46).
+
+Gagavitz, "he who came from Tulan," dies, and is followed by Cay Noh and
+Cay Batz (47). These acknowledge the supremacy of Tepeuh, the king of
+the Quiches, and are sent out by him to collect tribute from the various
+tribes. They are seduced and robbed by the Tzutuhils, and conceal
+themselves in a cave, out of fear of Tepeuh. He forgives them, however,
+and they continue in power until their death (49-59).
+
+After this, a period of strife follows, and the names of four successive
+rulers are mentioned, but none of the occurrences of their reigns
+(60-66).
+
+The narrative is resumed when Qikab, king of the Quiches, orders the
+Cakchiquels to settle at the town of Chiavar. He appoints, as their
+rulers, the warriors Huntoh and Vukubatz. A revolt agains[TN-9] Qikab,
+headed by his two sons, results in his defeat and death (67-81). During
+this revolt, a contest between the Cakchiquels takes place, the close of
+which finds the latter established in their final stronghold, the famous
+fortress of "Iximche on the Ratzamut" (82-85).
+
+At the death of Huntoh and Vukubatz, they are succeeded by Lahuh Ah and
+Oxlahuh Tzii, who carry on various wars, and especially defeat the
+Quiches in a general engagement, which is vividly described (86-93).
+They also conquer the Akahals, killing their king Ichal, and the
+Tzutuhils, with their king Caoke (94-98).
+
+During their reign, a sanguinary insurrection occurred in Iximche, of
+such importance that the author adopts its date as the era from which to
+reckon all subsequent events (99-104). This date corresponded to the
+year 1496, A. D.(?)
+
+The following years are marked by a series of unimportant wars, the
+outbreak of a destructive pestilence, and finally, in 1524, twenty-eight
+years after the Insurrection, by the arrival of the Spanish forces under
+Alvarado (105-144).
+
+The later pages are taken up with an account of the struggles between
+the natives and the whites, until the latter had finally established
+their supremacy.
+
+
+_Remarks on the Printed Text._
+
+In printing the MS. of Xahila, I have encountered certain difficulties
+which have been only partially surmounted. As the Cakchiquel, though a
+written, is not a printed tongue, there has no rule been established as
+to the separation of verbs and their pronominal subjects, of nouns and
+their possessive pronouns, of the elements of compound particles, of
+tense and mode signs, etc. In the MSS. the utmost laxity prevails in
+these respects, and they seem not to have been settled points in the
+orthography of the tongue. The frequent elisions and euphonic
+alterations observable in these compounds, prove that to the native mind
+they bore the value of a single word, as we are aware they did from a
+study of the structure of this class of languages. I have, therefore,
+felt myself free to exercise in the printed page nearly the same freedom
+which I find in the MS. At first, this will prove somewhat puzzling to
+the student of the original, but in a little while he will come to
+recognize the radical from its augment without difficulty.
+
+Another trouble has been the punctuation. In the original this consists
+principally of dashes and commas, often quite capriciously distributed.
+Here also, I have been lax in reducing the text to the requirements of
+modern standards, and have left much latitude to the reader to arrange
+it for himself.
+
+Capital letters are not often used in the original to distinguish proper
+names, and as the text has been set up from a close copy of the first
+text, some irregularities in this respect also must be anticipated.
+
+The paragraphs numbered in the text are distinctly marked in the
+original, but are not numbered there. The numerals have been added for
+convenience of reference.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[10-1] Dr. Otto Stoll, _Zur Ethnographie der Republik Guatemala_, p. 157
+(Zurich, 1884), on the phonetic laws which have controlled the
+divergence of the two tongues, Cakchiquel and Maya. See the same writer
+in his "Supplementary Remarks on a Grammar of the Cakchiquel Language,"
+translated by Dr. D. G. Brinton, in _Proceedings of the American
+Philosophical Society_, for 1885.
+
+[10-2] _Recordacion Florida, Discurso Historial, Natural, Material,
+Militar y Politico del Reino de Goathemala._ Lib. II, Chap. I.
+
+[10-3] _Myths of the New World_, p. 181; _American Hero-Myths_, pp. 44,
+73, 80, 162, etc.
+
+[11-1] "Cuatro generosos mancebos, nobles hermanos," says Fuentes y
+Guzman, _Recordacion Florida_, Lib. I, Cap. II. The story of the four
+brothers who settled Guatemala is repeated by Torquemada, _Monarchia
+Indiana_, Lib. XI, Cap. XVII, and other writers.
+
+[11-2] _The Maya Chronicles_, 109-122 (Library of Aboriginal American
+Literature, Vol. I). For the evidence of the wholly mythical character
+of the Toltecs, and of their "King," Quetzalcoatl, see my _American
+Hero-Myths_, Chapter III. (Philadelphia, 1882).
+
+Sanchez y Leon, quoting apparently some ancient Cakchiquel refrain,
+gives as the former name of their royal race, _ru tzutuh Tulan_, the
+Flower of Tulan, which wondrous city he would place in Western Asia.
+_Apuntamientos de la Historia de Guatemala_, p. 2.
+
+[12-1] Herrera observes of the natives of Guatemala, that the Nahuatl
+tongue was understood among them, though not in use between themselves.
+"Corre entre ellos la lengua Mexicana, aunque la tienen particular."
+_Historia de las Indias Occidentales_, Dec. IV, Lib. VIII, Cap. VIII.
+
+[12-2] I have in my possession the only grammar of this dialect probably
+ever written: _Arte de la Lengua Vulgar Mexicana de Guatemala_, MS., in
+a handwriting of the eighteenth century, without name of author.
+
+[13-1] The four names are given in this form in the _Requete de
+Plusieurs Chefs Indiens d' Atitlan a Philippe II_, 1571, in
+Ternaux-Compans, _Recueil des Pieces relatives a la Conquete du
+Mexique_, p. 419. The spelling of the last is there _Tecocitlan_. For
+their analysis, see Prof. Baschmann,[TN-10] _Ueber die Aztekischen
+Ortsnamen_, p. 719.
+
+[14-1] "Si bien se advierte, todo cuanto hacian y decian, era en orden
+al maiz, que poco falto para tenerlo por Dios, y era, y es, tanto el
+encanto y embelezo que tienen con las milpas que por ellas olvidan hijos
+y muger y otro cualquiera deleite, como si fuera la milpa su ultimo fin
+y bienaventuranza." _Chronica de la S. Provincia del Santissimo Nombre
+de Jesus de Guattemala_, Cap. VII. MS. of the seventeenth century,
+generally known as the _Cronica Franciscana_.
+
+[14-2] See Francisco Ximenez, _Las Historias del Origen de los Indios de
+esta Provincia de Guatemala_, p. 191. (Ed. Scherzer, London and Vienna,
+1857).
+
+[14-3] Their first conqueror, the truculent Captain Pedro de Alvarado,
+speaks of the _muy grandes tierras de panes_, the immense corn fields he
+saw on all sides. _Relacion hecha per Pedro de Alvarado a Hernando
+Cortez_, in the _Biblioteca de Autores Espanoles_, Tom. XXII, p. 459.
+
+[15-1] "Hay mucho algodon, e son las mugeres buenas hilanderas e hacen
+gentiles telas dello." Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes, _Historia
+General y Natural de las Indias_, Par. III, Lib. III, Cap. IV. "De la
+fertilidad de la tierra e gobernacion de Guatimala."
+
+[15-2] "Son muy dados a edificar, y en lo que hoy vemos erigido de los
+antiguos, reconocemos ser maquinas soberbias." Fuentes y Guzman,
+_Recordacion Florida_, Lib. II, Cap. I.
+
+[15-3] "Esta ciudad es bien obrada y fuerte a maravilla." _Relacion de
+Pedro de Alvarado_, in _Bib. de Autores Espanoles_, Tom. XXII, p. 459.
+So Herrera wrote from his authorities: "En Utlatan (_i. e._, the city of
+Gumarcaah, capital of the Quiches), havia muchos, i mui grandes templos
+de sus dioses, de maravillosos edificios." _Historia de las Indias
+Occidentales_, Dec. III, Lib. IV, Cap. XIX.
+
+[16-1] _The Lineal Measures of the Semi-Civilized Nations of Mexico and
+Central America_, by D. G. Brinton, in _Proceedings of the American
+Philosophical Society_, and separately.
+
+[16-2] "En la Provincia de Utlatan, junto a Guatemala, se averiguo _por
+las Pinturas, que los Naturales tenian de sus antiguedades, demas de
+ochocientos anos_, etc." Herrera, _Historia de las Indias Occidentales_,
+Dec. III, Lib. IV, Cap. XVIII.
+
+[17-1] "Son amigos de hacer colloquios y decir coplas en sus bailes."
+Thomas Coto, _Vocabulario de la Lengua Cakchiquel_. MS. sub voce,
+_Poesia_.
+
+[17-2] "Son flecheros y no tienen hierba." Oviedo, _Historia General de
+Indias_, Par. III, Lib. III, Cap. IV.
+
+[18-1] This word is doubtful, as I do not find it in the dictionaries,
+and judge of its meaning from its derivation and context. See the
+Vocabulary. Sanchez y Leon speaks of the "very long lances pointed with
+flint," used by these people. _Apuntamientos de la Historia de
+Guatemala_, p. 27.
+
+[19-1] The statement of Gavarrete, in his notes to Sanchez y Leon,
+_Historia de Guatemala_, p. 3, that the Xahils and Zotzils were two
+branches of the ruling family, the one residing at Iximche, the other at
+Solola, rests on a misapprehension, as will be seen from the _Annals_
+published in this volume.
+
+[20-1] It is interesting in this connection to observe how widespread
+was the symbolic significance of the canopy, or sun shade, as a mark of
+dignity. The student of Shakspeare will recall the lines in his 125th
+sonnet--
+
+    "Were it aught to me I bore the canopy,
+     With my extern the outward honouring;"
+
+while the ethnologist may consult Richard Andree's suggestive essay,
+_Der Schirm als Wuerdezeichen_, in his _Ethnographische Parallelen und
+Vergleiche_, p. 250 (Stuttgart, 1878).
+
+[21-1] Alvarado writes "La tierra es muy poblada de pueblos muy recios."
+_Relacion_, etc., ubi supra, p. 459. The following extract is quoted
+from Las Casas, _Historia Apologetica_, MS., by Mr. Squier, in his notes
+to Palacio:--
+
+"En el Reyno de Guatemala, en la parte que va por la Sierra, estaban
+ciudades de caba muy grandes, con maravillosos edificios de cal y canto,
+de los cuales yo vi muchos; y otros pueblos sin numero de aquellas
+sierras."
+
+Sanchez y Leon states that there were, in all, thirty independent native
+states in the former confines of Guatemala. _Historia de Guatemala_, p.
+1.
+
+[22-1] On the derivation of Guatemala, see Buschmann, _Ueber die
+Aztekischen Ortsnamen_, p. 719. That this is probably a translation of
+the Cakchiquel _Molomic chee_, which has the same meaning, and is a
+place-name mentioned in the _Annals_, I shall show on a later page.
+
+[22-2] See the _Otra Relacion hecha por Pedro de Albarado a Hernando
+Cortes_, printed in the _Bibliotheca de Autores Espanoles_, Tom. XXII,
+p. 460.
+
+[23-1] Bernal Diaz, _Historia Verdadera de la Conquista de la Nueva
+Espana_, Cap. CXCIII.
+
+[23-2] _Historia de Guatemala, o Recordacion Florida_, Lib. XV, Cap. V.
+The _Recordacion_ was first printed at Madrid, 1882-83, edited by Don
+Justo Zaragoza, as one of the numbers of the _Biblioteca de los
+Americanistas_.
+
+[27-1] _Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas and Yucatan_,
+Vol. II, Chap. IX. I am inclined to believe that the original stone,
+evidently supposed to be of great value, had been stolen, and this piece
+of slate substituted. It was sewed up in a bag, which makes the
+supposition probable, as it offered facility to conceal the theft.
+
+[28-1] They are referred to by the Archbishop Garcia Pelaez, in these
+words: "Los planos y vistas tomadas por el comisionado y el informe que
+las acompana, muestran vestijios de adoratorios, fortificaciones y
+trazas de edificios, calles y plazas ajustadas a dimensiones y con
+elecion de materias en su estructura."--_Memorias para la Historia del
+Antiguo Reyno de Guatemala_. Por Don Francisco de Paula Garcia Pelaez,
+Tom. I, p. 15, (Guatemala, 1851).
+
+[28-2] The names applied to these intercalary days are analyzed
+differently by various authorities. For the etymology given of
+_nemontemi_, I have followed M. Remi Simeon, in his notes to Dr.
+Jourdanet's translation of Sahagun's _Historia de Nueva Espana_; the
+Cakchiquel _[tz]api_ is undoubtedly from _[tz]ap_, fault, evil, crime.
+
+[31-1] _May_ is allied to the verb _meho_, to go somewhere and return
+again. Hence _may_ came to mean a cycle of years, months or days.
+
+[31-2] _Apuntamientos de la Historia de Guatemala_, p. 28.
+
+[32-1] "_Chinamitl_, seto o cerca de canas," from _chinantia_, to build
+a fence, to enclose.--Molina, _Vocabulario de la Lengua Mexicana_.
+
+[32-2] Torresano, in his _Arte de la Lengua Cakchiquel_, MS., gives this
+word as _ca_, which indicates its probable derivation from the verb
+_cae_, to join together, to unite, "those united by a common tie."
+
+[32-3] Coto, _Vocabulario de la Lengua Cakchiquel_, MS., sub voce,
+_Cunado_.
+
+[32-4] Coto, u. s., s. v. _Alguacil_. The word _[c,]alam_ is now applied
+to the canvas or tablets on which are painted the saints in the
+churches. It also means a box or chest.--_Dicc. Cakchiquel Anon._
+
+[32-5] See Brasseur, _Hist. du Mexique et l' Am. Cent._, Tom. II, pp.
+489-90.
+
+[33-1] "Tienen tambien renombres de sus chinamitales o parcialidades que
+tambien son de signos vel nombres senalados, como Xahila, etc."--Coto,
+_Vocabulario_, MS., s. v. _Renombre_.
+
+[34-1] _Hist. du Mexique_, Tom. II, p. 84.
+
+[34-2] Their names are given in the _Titulos de la Casa de Ixcuin
+Nehaib_, p. 3. They are called "pueblos principales, cabezas de
+calpules." The Nahuatl word, _calpulli_, here used, meant the kinsfolk
+actual and adopted, settled together. They were the gentes of the tribe.
+See Ad. F. Bandelier, _On the Social Organization and Mode of Government
+of the Ancient Mexicans_, for a full explanation of their nature and
+powers.
+
+[34-3] _The Lenape and their Legends_, p. 139.
+
+[37-1] Father Coto, in his MS., _Vocabulario Cakchiquel_, gives the
+rendering "mandadero," and states that one was elected each year by the
+principals of each _chinamitl_, to convey messages. He adds: "Usan mucho
+de este nombre en el Pueblo Atitlan."
+
+[37-2] Compare my edition of the _Cakchiquel Grammar_, p. 58. Brasseur
+translates this title erroneously, "decorated with a bracelet."--_Hist.
+des Nations Civilisees_, etc., Tome. II, p. 515.
+
+[37-3] "El retorico, platico." Pantaleon de Guzman gives the fuller
+form, _naol ah uchan_, which means "he who knows, the master of
+speech."--_Compendio de Nombres en Lengua Cakchiquel_, MS.
+
+[37-4] Usually written by ellipsis, _atzih vinak_. Brasseur translates
+it "distributor of presents," but it appears to be from _tzih_, word,
+speech. The vocabularies are, as usual, very unsatisfactory. "_Atzijh
+vinak_, Principal deste nombre."--_Dicc. Cakchiquel Anon._
+
+[38-1] _Dicc. Cakchiquel Anon_,[TN-11] MS., sub voce.
+
+[38-2] _Requete de Plusieurs Chefs Indiens d'Atitlan a Philippe II_, in
+Ternaux-Compans, _Recueil de Pieces relatives a la Conquete du Mexique_,
+p. 418.
+
+[38-3] Not "of the bird's nest," "ceux du nid de l'oiseau," as Brasseur
+translates it (_Hist. du Mexique_, Tome. II, p. 89), nor "casa de la
+aguila," house of the eagle, as it is rendered by Fuentes y Guzman,
+_Recordacion Florida_, Tom. I, p. 21. _[c,]iquin_ is the generic term
+for bird.
+
+[39-1] _The Names of the Gods in the Kiche Myths of Central America_, in
+the _Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society_, 1881.
+
+[40-1] "Chamalcan u bi qui gabauil Cakchequeleb, xa Zotz u
+vachibal."--_Popol Vuh_, p. 224.
+
+[40-2] _Hist. des Nations Civ. du Mexique_, Tom. II, p. 173.
+
+[40-3] "El quinto _Cam_, esto es; amarillo, pero su significado es
+culebra."--Ximenez, _Las Historias del Origen de los Indios de
+Guatemala_, p. 215. There are two errors in this extract. The name is
+not _Cam_, but _Can_, and it does not mean yellow, which is _[t]an_.
+
+[41-1] I have suggested an explanation of this strange term to apply to
+the highest and most beneficent of their divinities, in a short article
+in the _American Antiquarian_, 1885, "The Chief God of the Algonkins in
+his Character as a Cheat and a Liar."
+
+[42-1] Pantaleon de Guzman, _Compendio de Nombres en Lengua Cakchiquel_,
+MS. On the role of the Tzitzimime in Aztec mythology see my _American
+Hero-Myths_, p. 78.
+
+[42-2] "Al duende que anda en los montes llaman _ru vinakil chee_ vel
+_caki[c]oxol_."--Coto, _Vocabulario_, MS., s. v. Monte. _Zak_, white;
+_[c]ox_, to make fire. Brasseur's translation, "Le blanc abime de feu,"
+is indefensible.
+
+[42-3] See a paper entitled "The Folk Lore of Yucatan," contributed by
+me to the _Folk-Lore Journal_, Vol. I, 1883.
+
+[43-1] For an interesting note on the _zaztun_, see Apolinar Garcia y
+Garcia, _Historia de la Guerra de Castas en Yucatan_, p. XXIV (folio,
+Merida, 1865).
+
+[43-2] For the derivation of Xibalbay, and for the myths referred to in
+the text, see my article, before referred to, _The Names of the Gods in
+the Kiche Myths_, pp. 27, 28.
+
+[44-1] _The Maya Chronicles_, pp. 110, 111. Vol. I of the _Library of
+Aboriginal American Literature_.
+
+[45-1] Brasseur, Juarros, Fuentes y Guzman, etc.
+
+[45-2] Thomas Coto, _Vocabulario de la Lengua Cakchiquel_, MS., 1651.
+Sub voce, _Sacrificar hombres_, quoting Varea.
+
+[45-3] "Sacandole el corazon y asperjando, con la sangre de la victima a
+los cuatro vientos cardinales."--_Apuntamientos de la Historia de
+Guatemala_, p. 26.
+
+[46-1] _The Names of the Gods in the Kiche Myths_, pp. 21, 22.
+
+[47-1] "_Labah_, agorar y guerrear, porque agoraban si la hacian o
+no."--Ximenez, _Vocabulario de las Tres Lenguas_, sub voce.
+
+[47-2] These particulars are from the work of Jose Sanchez y Leon,
+_Apuntamientos de la Historia de Guatemala_, pp. 26, 27.
+
+[48-1] _Recordacion Florida_, Lib. IX, Cap. VII.
+
+[48-2] _Vocabulario de la Lengua Cakchiquel_, MS. (1651).
+
+[48-3] _Apuntamientos de la Historia de Guatemala_, p. 27.
+
+[49-1] Fr. Estevan Torresano, _Arte de la Lengua Cakchiquel_, MS., in my
+possession.
+
+[51-1] _Supplementary Remarks to the Grammar of the Cakchiquel Language,
+edited by D. G. Brinton.--Proceedings of the American Philosophical
+Society_, 1885.
+
+[52-1] See _The Maya Chronicles_, p. 67, and note.
+
+[53-1] "Die bewundernswuerdige Feinheit und consequente Logik in der
+Ausbildung des Maya Zeitwortes setzt eine Kultur voraus, die sicherlich
+weit ueber die Zeitraeume hinaus zurueckreicht, welche man bis jetzt
+geneight war, der Amerikanischen Civilization zuzuschreiben."--Otto
+Stoll, _Zur Ethnographie der Republik Guatemala_, s. 148 (Zurich, 1884).
+Compare the remarks of Wilhelm von Humboldt on the Maya conjugation, in
+his essay on the American verb, as published in my _Philosophic Grammar
+of the American Languages, as set forth by Wilhelm von Humboldt_, pp.
+35-39 (Philada., 1885).
+
+[54-1] Gavarrete's words are, "Paso por manos de muchos personas
+versadas en los idiomas indigenos sin que pudiese obtenerse una
+traduccion integra y exacta de su testo, habiendo sido bastante, sin
+embargo, lo que de su sentido pudo percibirse, para venir en
+conocimiento de su grande importancia historica."--_Boletin de la
+Sociedad Economica_.
+
+[54-2] The Abbe says that Gavarrete gave him the original (_Bibliotheque
+Mexico-Guatemalienne_, p. 14). But that gentleman does not take to
+himself credit for such liberality. He writes "El testo original quedo
+sin embargo en su poder," etc. Ubi supra.
+
+[57-1] As the slight aspirate, the Spanish _h_, does not exist in the
+Cakchiquel alphabet, nor yet the letter _d_,the[TN-12] baptismal name
+"Hernandez," takes the form "Ernantez."
+
+[57-2] "Se casan muy ninos," says Sanchez y Leon, speaking of the
+natives.--_Apuntamientos de la Historia de Guatemala_, p. 24.
+
+
+
+
+THE ANNALS
+
+OF
+
+THE CAKCHIQUELS.
+
+BY
+
+A MEMBER OF THE XAHILA FAMILY.
+
+
+
+
+[Cross]
+
+1. VAE XTINU[c,]IBAH HALAL QUITZIH HE NABEY
+
+Ka tata ka mama, heri xeboco vinak oher mahaniok ti la[t]abex vae huyu
+ta[t]ah; [c]a ruyon ok umul [c,]iquin [c]oh, que cha, ha ok ki
+xquila[t]abeh huyu ta[t]ah he [c]a ka tata ka mama, yx nu[c]ahol, pa
+Tulan.
+
+     [Cross]
+
+     1. Here I am going to write a few of the sayings of our earliest
+     fathers and ancestors, those who begot men of old, before the hills
+     and plains here were inhabited; then only rabbits and birds were
+     here, they say, when they took possession of the hills and plains,
+     they, our fathers and ancestors from Tulan, oh my children.
+
+2. Xtinu[c,]ibah [c]a quitzih ri ki he nabey ka tata ka mama
+[t]a[t]avitz rubi, Cactecauh ru bi hunchic, he [c]oh quitzih que cha
+[c]a [c]haka palouh xoh pevi, pa Tulan ru bi huyu, xoh alax xoh
+[c]aholax vi pe ruma ka tee, ka tata, yxka[c]ahol, quecha ri oher tata
+mama, [t]a[t]avitz, Cactecauh qui bi, ri ki xepe pa Tulan he cay chi
+achij heri xoh boco, oh Xahila.
+
+     2. And I shall write the sayings of our earliest fathers and
+     ancestors, Gagavitz the name of one, Zactecauh the name of the
+     other; and these are the sayings they spake as we came from the
+     other side of the sea, from the land of Tulan, where we were
+     brought forth and begotten by our mothers and our fathers, oh my
+     children, as said of old the fathers, the ancestors, Gagavitz and
+     Zactecauh by name, the two heroes who came from Tulan and begot us,
+     the Xahila.
+
+3. Va[c]a quibi ru hay ru chinamitee [t]eka[c]uch, Ba[c]ahola,
+Cibakihay. 1. [c]atun [c]hutiah qui bi xeboco Ba[c]ahola. 1. Tzanat
+[t]u[t]uchom quibi xeboco [t]eka[c]uchij; Daqui ahauh [c]hahom ahauh
+xeboco Cibakihayi, xaoh cahi chi chinamit ok xohpe pa Tulan, ri oh
+Cakchiquel vinak, yxka[c]ahol, quecha.--[c]a x[c]amar [c]a vave ri
+Caveki Totomay Xurcah qui bi xeboco.--Xavi [c]a x[c]amar vave ri
+Ahquehayi, Loch, Xet, quibi, xeboco;--xavi [c]a x[c]am ri ahPak, Telom,
+[c]oxahil, [c]obakil quibi xeboco; quere navipe ri Ikoma[t]i, xavi [c]a
+x[c]amar; he[c]a cah [c]hob ri [c]a xe[c]amar vave he ama[t].
+
+     3. These are the names of the houses and clans of Gekaquch,
+     Bagahola and Cibakihay. 1. Qatun and Qhutiah by name, begat
+     Bagahola. 2. Tzanat and Guguchom by name, begat those of Gekaquch.
+     3. The chief Daqui and the chief Ghahom begat those of Cibakihay.
+     Thus we were four clans when we came from Tulan, we, the Cakchiquel
+     people, as we are told, oh my children. Those of Cavek, Totomay and
+     Xurcah by name, also married and begat; also those of Quehay, Loch
+     and Xet by name, married and begat; those of Pak, Telom, Qoxahil
+     and Qobakil by name, also married and begat; and also those of
+     Ykomag married; and these four divisions which thus married are the
+     tribes so-called.
+
+4. He [c]a [c]oh quitzih ri [t]a[t]avitz, Cactecauh xe re [c]aki ru xe
+quitzih vae quecha [c]ari [t]a[t]avitz Cactecauh: Cahi xpe vi vinak pa
+Tulan; chi relebal [t]ih, hun Tullan: hun chi [c]a chi Xibalbay, hun
+[c]a chu kahibal [t]ih chi ri [c]a xoh pevi chukahibal [t]ih, hun chi vi
+[c]a chi [c]abovil. Quere[c]a cahi vi Tullan ri yxka[c]ahol, quecha; chu
+kahibal [c]a [t]ih xoh pa vi Tullan, [c]ha[c]a palouh; [c]a[c]o viri
+Tullan chiri[c]a xohalax vi ul xoh [c]aholax vipe ruma ruma ka tee ka
+tata quecha.
+
+     4. These are the sayings of Gagavitz and Zactecauh, and these are
+     the very words which Gagavitz and Zactecauh spoke: "Four men came
+     from Tulan; at the sunrise is one Tullan, and one is at Xibalbay,
+     and one is at the sunset; and we came from this one at the sunset;
+     and one is where is God. Therefore there are four Tulans, they say,
+     oh our sons; from the sunsetting we came, from Tullan, from beyond
+     the sea; and it was at Tullan that arriving we were brought forth,
+     coming we were produced, by our mothers and our fathers, as they
+     say.
+
+5. Tan [c]a talax ri chay abah, ruma raxa Xibalbay [t]ana Xibalbay,
+tan[c]ati [c,]ak vinak ruma [c,]akol bitol; tzukul richin ri chay abah
+ok x[c,]ak ri vinak pan pokon [c]a xutzin vinak, xtiho chee, xtiho [c]a
+xaki ruyon uleuh xrah oc; mani [c]a x[c]hao, mani xbiyin, mani [c]a ru
+quiquel ru tiohil xux, quecha e nabey ka tata ka mama, yxnu[c]ahol; mani
+[c]a xcanay rixoc, [c]arunah [c]a xcanay rixoc: xae chay chi chicop
+etamayon [c]o vi ri echa pam Paxil ru bi huyu [c]ovi hari chicop Utiuh,
+Koch qui bi. Xa[c]a pa rachak xcanay vi, tok xcamicax [c]a ri chicop
+utiuh xpo[c]hel chupam ri yxim tan [c]a tibe canox yo[t]bal richin ruma
+chicop tiuh tiuh rubi, [c]a chupam palouh xpe vi ruma tiuh tiuh ru
+quiquel tixli cumatz xoc xyo[t]bex richin ri yxim: x[c,]akbex richin ru
+tiohil vinak ruma [c,]akol bitol [c]a ha ki etamayom ri [c,]akol bitol
+alom [c]aholom he xe [c,]ako vinak [c,]ak que cha xutzin [c]a vinak
+[c,]ak, oxlahuh achij, cahlahuh [c]a ixok xux; x[c]ohe ruvi, [c]ate [c]a
+ok xe[c]hao xebiyin, x[c]ohe qui quiquel qui tiohil. Xe[c]ulu[c]u xin
+[c]a he [c]a cay ri xhayil hun xux. Quere[c]a xla[t]o vi vinak ri quecha
+oher vinak, yxka[c]ahol; xemealan xe[c]aholan [c]a ri he nabey vinak.
+Quere[c]a ru banic vinak rij, quere navipe rubanic chay abah ri [c,]apal
+[c]a ruchi ri Tullan, xoh pe vi xahun chi co[c,] [c,]apibal ru chij ri
+Tullan xoh alax vi ul xoh [c]aholax vipe, xya vipe ri kikan chi [t]ekum
+chi a[t]a, yx ka[c]ahol; xecha can ri [t]a[t]avitz, Cactecauh,
+yxnu[c]ahol, xa[c]a mani xquimeztah ru tzihoxic. He [c]iyaley chi e ka
+mama; [c]oh quitzih oher takchibal [c]a quichin vae.
+
+     5. "And now is brought forth the Obsidian Stone by the precious
+     Xibalbay, the glorious Xibalbay, and man is made by the Maker, the
+     Creator; the Obsidian Stone was his sustainer, when man was made in
+     misery, and when man was formed; he was fed with wood, he was fed
+     with leaves; he wished only the earth; he could not speak, he could
+     not walk; he had no blood, he had no flesh; so say our fathers, our
+     ancestors, oh you my sons. Nothing was found to feed him; at length
+     something was found to feed him. Two brutes knew that there was
+     food in the place called Paxil, where these brutes were, the Coyote
+     and the Crow by name. Even in the refuse of maize it was found,
+     when the brute Coyote was killed as he was separating his maize,
+     and was searching for bread to knead, (killed) by the brute Tiuh
+     Tiuh by name; and the blood of the serpent and the tapir was
+     brought from within the sea by means of Tiuh Tiuh, with which the
+     maize was to be kneaded; the flesh of man was formed of it by the
+     Maker, the Creator; and well did they, the Maker and the Creator,
+     know him who was born, him who was begotten; they made man as he
+     was made, they formed man as they made him, so they tell. There
+     were thirteen men, fourteen women; they talked, they walked, they
+     had blood, they had flesh. They married, and one had two wives.
+     Therefore the race copulated, this race of old, as they tell, oh
+     our sons. They brought forth daughters, they brought forth sons,
+     those first men. Thus men were made, and thus the Obsidian Stone
+     was made, for the enclosure of Tullan; thus we came to where the
+     Zotzils were at the gates of Tullan; arriving we were born, coming
+     we were produced, coming we gave the tribute, in the darkness, in
+     the night, oh our sons." Thus spoke Gagavitz and Zactecauh, oh my
+     sons, and what they said has not been forgotten. They are our great
+     ancestors; these are the words with which they encouraged us of
+     old.
+
+6. Tok xoh pixabax [c]a pe ruma ka tee ka tata oxlahu [c]hob [c]a
+vukama[t] oxlahu [c]hob [c]a ahlabal ok xohpe pa Tullan chi [t]ekum chi
+a[t]a ok xya pe ri kikan, tok xu[c]am rikan vuk ama[t] ahlabal, xoh
+chole na chu xocou [c]a Tullan x[c]ohe viri vuk ama[t]: chiriki[t]a [c]a
+Tullan x[c]ohe viri xcholevi ahlabal. Nabey na xu[c]am rikan vuk ama[t],
+[c]ate [c]a xu[c]am chic rikan ahlabal. Xa[c]a ruyon xit puak
+[t]u[t]uraxon [c]ubul chactit ru[c]in [c]a [c,]ibanic [c]otonic, qui
+yanic xul, bix, [c]hol [t]ih, may [t]ih, pek cacouh, xa ruyon [t]inomal
+xrikah pe pa Tullan a[c]a ri ahlabal xa ruyon [c]ha pocob xa cetecic
+chee xa [t]iom ah rikan ok xpe pa Tulla.
+
+     6. Then we were ordered to come by our mothers and fathers, we the
+     thirteen divisions and the seven tribes, the thirteen divisions of
+     warriors; and we came to Tulan in the darkness and the night, and
+     coming gave our tribute; they took tribute from the warriors of the
+     seven tribes; they were drawn up in order on the left of Tulan
+     where were the people of the seven tribes; on the right-hand of
+     Tulan were arranged the warriors. First the tribute was taken from
+     the seven tribes, next the tribute was taken from the warriors. But
+     it was only jade and silver, and green feathers worked and sewed
+     together, together with articles painted and articles sculptured,
+     and for gifts, flutes, songs, astrological calendars and reckoning
+     calendars, fine and common cacao; only such riches were paid in
+     Tulan, and the only riches the warriors bore from Tulan were their
+     bows, their bucklers and their rounded shields.
+
+7. Tok xpixa [c]a ka tee ka tata xcha: [c]a ohix [c]a, yxnu[c]ahol,
+yxnumeal, ree yvikan ree [c]a y tzukuh y[t]ohee; xucheex [c]ari chay
+abah: ohix [c]a ti vi la y huyubal y ta[t]ahal [c]a chila [c]a [c]haka
+palouh [c]oh vi y huyubal y ta[t]ahal, yxnu[c]ahol, [c]a chila [c]a tica
+vi ruvach. Ree yvikan mixuyael, y [t]inomal y vahauarem, xeucheex [c]a
+ri oxlahu [c]hob vukama[t], oxlahu [c]hob ahlabal, ok xyape ri mi[c]hbal
+quichin ri chee abah, xqui kahpe pa Tullan Xibalbay [c]a xyaope ri chee
+abah, chikichin que cha ri he nabey ka tata ka mama, ri [t]a[t]avitz
+Cactecauh: he ki xe ykan pe, he navipe ki [c]o quitzih.
+
+     7. Then to our mothers and fathers it was commanded and said: "You,
+     my sons, you, my daughters, these are your burdens which you shall
+     sustain and maintain." So spoke the Obsidian Stone. "There are your
+     hills and plains; there, beyond the ocean, are your hills and
+     plains, oh you my sons, there it is that you shall lift up your
+     faces. These are the burdens which I shall give you, your riches,
+     your majesty;" thus it was said to the thirteen divisions, the
+     seven tribes, to the thirteen divisions of warriors, and then was
+     given them the wood and stone which deceive; as they descended from
+     Tulan and Xibalbay, were given to them the wood and stone (idols),
+     as related those our first fathers and ancestors Gagavitz and
+     Zactecauh. These, in truth, were their burdens, and these were
+     their very words.
+
+8. Vuk ama[t] [c]a nabey xpeul pa Tullan, que cha, [c]a xambey xohpe oh
+ahlabal ru [c]amom chi [c]a rikan ronohel vuk ama[t] ahlabal tok xhak
+[c]a ru chi Tullan.
+
+     8. They say that the seven tribes arrived first at Tulan, and we
+     the warriors followed, having taken up the tributes of all the
+     seven tribes when the gate of Tulan was opened.
+
+9. Ha [c]a [c,]utuhile ri nabey vuk ama[t] ok xpe pa Tulan xe[c]iz nape
+ri vuk ama[t] [c]ate[c]a ok xoh pe oh ahlabal, que cha.--Xcha [c]a pe ri
+ka tee ka tata, ok xoh pixabax pe: ohix [c]a, yx numeal, yx nu[c]ahol,
+xtinyael y [t]inomal yvahauarem, xtinyael y [t]a[t]al, y tepeval, yxmuh,
+yx[c]a[t]alibal; harumari xti vikah ree, cetecic chee, [t]iomah [c]haa,
+pocob, [c]u[c]um, cahcab. Vueta [c]a mixivikah xit, puak, [t]u[t] raxom,
+vueta [c]a xtivikah [c,]ibanic, [c]otonic, [c]hol [t]ih, may [t]ih, xul,
+bix, bix ye[t]etah rumal, xavi[c]a yvichin ree mixrikah vuk ama[t] chila
+ti [c]am vi; yx quixi chi nan, yx quix cao ruvach; mani cahauarem mix
+nuyael, ha[c]ari xtivikah; kitzih nim ru[t]ih; mani quix ye[t]etah vi;
+ha[c]a quix nimar vi, ree cetecic chee [t]iomah, mani quix var, quix
+[c]hacatah vi, yx numeal, yx nu[c]ahol, xtinyael yvahauarem, yx oxlahuh
+chi ahpopo tihunamah; [c]a y[c]ha, ypocob, yvahauarem, y [t]a[t]al,
+ytepeval, y muh, y [t]alibal, ree [c]a y nabey ale; xucheex ri Qeche
+vinak ok xpeul oxlahu [c]hob chi ahlabal pa Tullan. Ha [c]a nabey xpe
+Qeche vinak; xa[c]a [c]holloh tacaxepeval rikan [c]eche vinak: ok xpeul
+rachbilam hetak [c]a ru hay ru chinamit ru [t]arama[t] ri hutak [c]hob
+chi ahlabal tok xpeul pa Tullan ok x[c]iz [c]a pe ronohel.
+
+     9. The Tzutuhils were the first of the seven tribes who finished
+     coming to Tulan, and then we the warriors came, as they say. Then
+     it was said to our fathers and mothers, then we were commanded:
+     "Oh, you, you my daughters, you my sons, I shall give you your
+     riches, your majesty, I shall give you your distinction, your
+     sovereignty, your canopy, your royal throne; because you have
+     carried the rounded shield as your riches, the bow, the buckler,
+     the feathers, the war paint. If you have paid as tribute jade,
+     silver, feather stuffs, if you have paid articles painted, articles
+     sculptured, astrological calendars, reckoning calendars, flute
+     songs, songs hated of you because the seven tribes paid this
+     tribute, yet you shall in turn take it, you shall receive more than
+     others, you shall lift up your face. I shall not give you their
+     sovereignty, of which you have borne the burden; truly their
+     fortune is great; do not hate them; also do you be great, with
+     wealth of rounded shields. Sleep not, sit not, my daughters, my
+     sons, I will give you the power, to you the seven rulers, in equal
+     shares, and your bows, your bucklers, your majesty, your power,
+     your sovereignty, your canopy, your royal seat; these are your
+     first treasures." Thus it was spoken to the Quiche men, when the
+     thirteen divisions of warriors arrived at Tulan. And first came the
+     Quiche men; they acquitted themselves of their tribute in the first
+     month; then arrived their companions one after another, by their
+     families, their clans, their tribes, their divisions, in sequence,
+     and the warriors, until the whole of them had finished arriving in
+     Tulan.
+
+10. Xpe Rabinale, xpe Co[c,]il vinak--xpe Tukuchee--xpe
+Tuhalahay--Vuchabahay--Ah[c]humilahay--xpe chic Lama[t]i--Cumatz--xpe
+chic Akahal vinak.--Ah Tucuru xquiz, yape ronohel ri. Tok xpe chi [c]ari
+oxlahuh chi ahlabal ri oh Bacah Pokoh, Bacah Xahil: hun xnabeyah,
+hun[c]a x xambeyah chikichin ri oh ru nabey Bacah, Bacah Pok [c]a nabey
+xpe, oh [c]a xambey xoh pe ri oh Bacah Xahil, que cha ri e ka tata, ka
+mama, yxka[c]ahol. Xmier ok [c]a ti pe vuk ama[t] xmier ok [c]a ti
+tiquer rupetic ahlabal.--Tok xohpe [c]a oh Cakchequel vinak, kitzih vi
+chi xambey chic xoh peul pa Tullan, mani hunchic [c]o can ok xoh pe, que
+cha ri [t]a[t]avitz, Cactecauh, xoh pixabax chi pe: He ree ahay a
+chinamit he, que ucheex [c]ari [t]eka[c]uch, Ba[c]ahol, Cibakihay. Ree
+[c]a yvahpop he, hun ahpop, hun [c]a ahpo[c]amahay, chiquichin ree
+xeucheex [c]a ri [t]eka[c]uch, Ba[c]ahol, Cibakihay. Yx [c]a quixalan,
+quix[c]aholan, quichin yxquix[c]ulu, yvahpop, xeucheex. Quere[c]a he
+tee, he nam vi ri. Ha[c]a nabey, ha[c]a nabey xpe ri Cibakihay ok xpe
+[c]ari Ba[c]ahol, xpe chi [c]a [t]eka[c]uch nabey xepe chinamit.
+
+     10. Those of Rabinal came, the Zotzil men came, the Tukuchee came,
+     the Tuhalahay, the Vuchabahay, the Ahqhumilahay, the Lamagi came,
+     the Cumatz, the men of Akahal came, the Tucuru ended it; and thus
+     all are given. After that came thirteen warriors, we the Bacah
+     Pokoh, and the Bacah Xahil; one of us went first, and one followed
+     after; the first Bacah was Bacah Pok, who went first, and we
+     followed after, we the Bacah Xahil, as was said by our first
+     fathers, our ancestors, oh you our sons. Already the seven
+     villages had come, and some time after began the coming of the
+     warriors.--Then we came, we the Cakchiquel men. Truly, we were the
+     last, as we arrived at Tulan, and there was not another remaining
+     when we came, as said Gagavitz and Zactecauh; we were ordered to
+     come thus: "These are your houses, these your clans;" they said to
+     Gekaquch, Baqahol, and Cibakihay: "These are your head chiefs,
+     even one head chief, and one official messenger;" thus they said
+     to Gekaquch, Baqahol, and Cibakihay. "Bring forth daughters, bring
+     forth sons, marry one another, ye rulers," said they. Therefore
+     those were mothers and ancestors. But the first, the first came
+     the Cibakihay, then came the Baqahol, and then came the Gekaquch,
+     the first clans.
+
+11. [c]ate[c]a ok xoh pe oh ahpop tok xoh pixabax chi[c]a pe ruma katee
+ka tata: ohix [c]a, yxnumeal, yxnu[c]ahol, mixebe a hay a chinamit.
+Maqui xaquere xcat xambeyah, at[c]hipil al; kitzih nim a [t]ih tux re
+[c]a a tzuku hee xucheex pe ri chee abah Belehe Toh ru bi; ri abah
+Huntihax chi [c]a ru bi hunchic, huhunti vikah xoh ucheex pe, quecha.
+
+     11. Thus, therefore, came we, the rulers, and then we were ordered
+     by our mothers and fathers: "Go, my daughters, go, my sons, your
+     houses, your clans, have departed. Not thus shalt thou always
+     follow, thou, the youngest son; truly, great shall be thy fortune,
+     and thou shalt be maintained, as is said by the idols called, the
+     one, Belehe Toh, the other Hun Tihax, to whom we say each pays
+     tribute," as is related.
+
+12. Re [c]a ti voquecah e [c]ha, pocob, achcayupil, [c]u[c]um, cahcab
+rach yaic [c]aperi [t]avonon, [t]acital, xo[t]ol, [t]ekal, hab, cu[c],
+moyeuh, ok xoh pixabax pe ree: kitzih nim xtivikah; mani quix var vi,
+quix [c]hacatah vi, mani quix ye[t]etah vi, yxnu[c]ahol, ha quix
+[t]a[t]ar quix tepevar vi, hati [c]ohe vi y vux la ree cetecic chee
+[t]iomah, [c]ha, pocob. Vuetah mixi vikah ree xit, puak, [t]u[t]uraxom,
+bix ye[t]etah, ruma xavi [c]a y vichin tux, yxquix i chi nan, quix cao
+ru vach: ri xit, puak, [t]u[t]uraxom, [c,]ibanic, [c]otonic, ronohel ri
+mix rikah vuk ama[t], [c]a chila [c]a xticavi ru vach chi huyubal, ti
+vulaah ronohel, ti ca [c]a ru vach ri y [c]ha, y pocob, hun nabeyal
+hun[c]a [c]hipilal chivichin, yx oxlahuh chi ahlabal, yx[c]a oxlahuh chi
+ahaua, chi yx ahpop ti hunamah y [c]ha y pocob mixnuyael. Cani ca tibe y
+ca ru vach ree y vikan y [c]ha y pocob; [c]ohun labal chila chi relebal
+[t]ih, Cuyva rubi; chi ri [c]a tibe y tihavi y [c]ha y pocob ree
+mixnuyael, vhix [c]a, yxnu[c]ahol; xohucheex [c]ape okxoh pe pa Tullan,
+xmier ok [c]a tipe vuk ama[t] ahlabal; ok xohpe ul pa Tullan, kitzih
+[c]a ti xibin ok xoh pe kachpetic [c]a ri [t]avonon [t]acital, cu[c],
+moyeuh, xo[t]ol, [t]ekal, hab; ok xohpe ul pa Tullan.
+
+     12. Then they put on their bows, their shields, their lances, their
+     feathers, and their paint, given (as a defence) against the bugs,
+     the dirt, the boding owls, the blackness, the rain, the fogs, the
+     clouds; then we were commanded: "Great shall be your burden; sleep
+     not, sit not, be not cast down, you, my sons; you shall be rich,
+     you shall be powerful; let your rounded shields be your riches,
+     your bows, your bucklers. If you have given as tribute jade,
+     silver, feather work, hated songs, on that account they shall be
+     given you; you shall receive more than others; you shall lift up
+     your face; for jade, silver, painted articles, engraved articles,
+     all the seven nations have paid as tribute; but there, in those
+     hills you shall lift up your faces, there is a refuge for all of
+     you, there you shall lift up your faces, your bows, your bucklers.
+     One shall be your first chief, and one his junior, of you the
+     thirteen warriors, you the thirteen princes, you the thirteen equal
+     chiefs, to whom I shall give the bows and bucklers. Soon you shall
+     lift up your face and have your burden, your bows and bucklers;
+     there is war there toward the east, at the place called Zuyva;
+     there you shall go, there is the place for your bucklers which I
+     shall give you, you indeed, you my sons." So it was spoken to us
+     when we came to Tullan, before the warriors of the seven villages;
+     and when we arrived at Tullan, truly our coming was terrifying,
+     with our accompaniments against the bugs, the dirt, the clouds, the
+     fogs, the mud, the darkness, the rain, when we entered Tulan.
+
+13. Cani[c]a chiri xtiquer vipe ri labalinic; xo[t] pe hun chicop
+chahalcivan ru bi chu chi Tullan, ok xohelpe pa Tullan; quix cam, quix
+cach, yn ylab, xcha ri chicop chi kichin; mani [c]a xkoquecah? Xax
+avo[t]ebal vi ri tux, xoh cha can chire ri chicop, quecha.
+
+     13. And soon the divination began with them. A bird called "the
+     guard of the ravine," began to complain within the gate of Tulan,
+     as we were going forth from Tulan. "You shall die, you shall be
+     lost, I am your portent," said this brute to us. "Do you not
+     believe me? Truly your state shall be a sad one." Thus spake to us
+     this brute, as is related.
+
+14. Ok xo[t] chi [c]a hun chicop Tucur ru bi chacal pe chuvi caka chee,
+x[c]hao pe chi ri: Yn ylab; xcha: Mani at kalab, xa[c]oh tavaho, xucheex
+can tucur. Xavi [c]a e [c]oh qui camahel ri xeyaope ri chee abah
+chikichin, quecha ka tata, ka mama oher. Ok xo[t] chi [c]a pe hun chicop
+chicah [c]anixt ru bi, xavi cha chic: Yn ylab, quixcam; xoh cha chire ri
+chicop, mani tabijh xaat retal ca[t]ih tux. Nabey cat o[t] oktel
+ca[t]ih, haok titan a hab, cato[t]; xoh cha can chire.
+
+     14. Then another bird called "the owl," seated on a red tree,
+     complained and said thus: "I am your portent," he said. "You are
+     not our portent, although you would like to be," we answered this
+     owl. Such were the messengers who gave them their idols, said our
+     fathers, our ancestors of old. Then another bird called the
+     parroquet complained in the sky, and said: "I am your portent; ye
+     shall die." But we said to the brute, "Do not speak thus; you are
+     but the sign of spring. You wail first when it is spring; when the
+     rain ceases, you wail." Thus we spoke to him.
+
+15. Ok xoh ul [c]a chu chi palouh. Xa[c]a e[c]oh chi ri xa[c]a e mulan
+conohel ama[t] ahlabal chi palouh; ok xekil xatak [c]icinak qui[c]ux.
+Mani tan ti qui [c]ovibeh pe, mani tucheex y[c]ovem pe chuvi palouh,
+xecha [c]a ri conohel ahlabal vuk ama[t] chikichin; chinak koh u cheen,
+chinak tiki[c]ovibeh, at kacha[t], xa at chic at koyobem, xecha conohel.
+Xoh cha [c]a chique: Yx quixbe, chijl, yx kanabeyal; chinak tik
+i[c]ovibeh, oh an vae, konohel xoh cha, [c]ate[c]a xe cha chic conohel:
+ta hoyevah kavach, atkacha[t], xa vipe kote[t]e vave chu chiya palouh,
+mahatikil ka huyubal ka ta[t]ahal. Xape cani xkovar, xko [c]hacatah oh
+cay chial, oh ru vi oh ru holom oh runabey ahlabal vuk ama[t], at nu
+cha[t], vueta xko y[c]o cani tika[c,]et ru vach kikan mix yape rumal ka
+tee ka tata, at nucha[t]. Xcha [c]ari. Xeboco [c]echevinak, chikichin
+quecha ri [c,]a mama [t]a[t]avitz, Cactecauh; xoh cha [c]a chique:
+katiha na, yx ka nimal; maxa vi pe xko[c]ohe xkote[t]e vave chuchij
+palouh, maqui pe mahatikil ka huyubal [c]oh [c]a tucheex xti[c,]et,
+yxahlabal, yx vuk ama[t], xkahi[c]o vacami, xoh cha. Cani [c]a xe quicot
+conohel.
+
+     15. Then we arrived at the sea coast. There were gathered together
+     the warriors of all the seven villages at the sea. A great number
+     perished, devoured by sorrow. "There is no means of passing, nor is
+     it told of any one who has passed the sea," said all the warriors
+     of the seven villages. "Who can, who will find means to pass the
+     sea? In thee alone, my brother, in thee alone have we hope," said
+     they all. We said to them, "You may go on; you may be first. Who
+     will find the means of crossing, while we are here?" All of us
+     spoke thus, and then all of them said: "Have pity on us, our
+     brother, since we are all stretched on the shore of the ocean
+     without seeing our hills and plains. As soon as we were asleep, we
+     were conquered, we the two oldest sons, we the chiefs and guides of
+     the warriors of the seven villages, oh my brother. Would that we
+     had passed, and could see the burdens given us by our mothers and
+     fathers, oh my brother!" So they spoke. At that time the Quiche
+     nation had increased. Our ancestors, Gagavitz and Zactecauh, said:
+     "We said to them, 'we suffer also, our brother, we do not live
+     stretched out on the shore of the ocean, where we cannot see our
+     mountains where they are, as you say, oh you warriors, you people
+     of the seven villages. We shall pass over at once. Thus we spoke;
+     and soon all of them rejoiced.'"
+
+16. Xa[c]a hun chi caka chee ka [c]hamey ok xoh pe xi[c]o ka[c]amape chu
+chi Tullan, quere[c]a ka binaam vi Cakchiquel vinak ri, yxka[c]ahol,
+quecha can ri [t]a[t]avitz, Cactecauh. Xa[c]a ru xe ka [c]hamey
+xuto[t]beh oc canayi chupam palouh; cani[c]a x[c]ok pi tah palouh ruma
+canayi, haxi [c]atzin viri cakachee xka[c]ampe chu chii Tullan. Xa chuvi
+cholo chic canayi xoh i[c]o vipe; haok x[t]ahar can ru xe palouh ru vi
+palouh. Cani [c]a xequicot conohel, ok x[c]i[c,]et canayi chupam palouh,
+cani [c]a xepixaban quij, [c]a chi la ko oyobem vi ki, chuvi nabey huyu,
+chiri komolo viki, xe cha, xavi[c]a xere ka cholanem ok xohpe pa Tullan.
+
+     16. Now there was a red tree, our staff, which we had taken in
+     passing from the gate of Tulan, and therefore we are called the
+     Cakchiquel people, oh our sons, said Gagavitz and Zactecauh. The
+     root of this, our staff, was pushed into the sand of the sea, and
+     soon the sea was separated from the sand, and for this the red tree
+     served which we brought from Tulan. Soon the sand was as a line,
+     and we passed out; it became wide above the sea and below the sea.
+     Then all rejoiced, when they saw sand in the sea, and many
+     counseled together. "There indeed is our hope, we must gather
+     together on these first lands," they said; "here only can we
+     arrange ourselves since leaving Tulan."
+
+17. Xebokotah [c]a pe xey [c]ope chuvi canayi xavi[c]a que re xambey
+xohpe chic chi palouh, xohel [c]ape chuchij ya. Xe [c]a cani xu xibih ri
+vuk ama[t] ronohel; quere xubijh ahlabal ronohel, ok xe cha [c]a ri vuk
+ama[t]: Xere an kikan ree mixi[c,]et; mi[c]a xka caruvach yvukin,
+yxahaua, yx ahlabal, maqui xkobe yvu[c]in relebal [t]ih, xati ka canoh
+can ka huyubal ka ta[t]ahal, xere kikan ree mixi[c,]et [t]u[t], raxom,
+[c]ubul, xe cha ri vuk ama[t] xe pixa: Utzan, xeucheex, [c]a vuk ama[t]
+xutzin [c]a qui poponic. Ok xepe [c]a chuvi huyu Deocacvancu; xpe [c]a
+ronohel xeul chi[c]a chuvi hunchic huyu, Meahauh rubi. Chiri xemolo
+chivri quij, xeel chi [c]a chiri chuvi Meahauh, xeapon chic chuvi huyu
+Valval Xucxuc ru bi xeuxlan chivi; xemolo chi na quij xeel chi ri xe
+apon chica chuvi huyu Tapcu Oloman ru bi.
+
+     17. They rushed forth and passed across the sand, and following one
+     another we came to the shore of the sea, and we arrived at the edge
+     of the water. Then all the seven villages began to fear, and all
+     the warriors spoke, and then the seven tribes spoke: "Do you not
+     see our burdens? Yet it is not long since we lifted up our faces
+     with you, ye rulers, ye warriors; did we not come from the sun
+     rising with you, that we might seek our hills and valleys? Have you
+     not seen the burden, the green feathers, the garlands?" So spake
+     the seven tribes, and commanded and said, "It is well," and the
+     seven tribes took counsel what to do. Afterwards they went on to
+     the place Deocacvancu; and then they all went on to another place
+     called Meahauh. There many gathered together; having thus arrived
+     at Meahauh, they thence departed for the place called Valval
+     Xucxuc, and there they rested. There many gathered together, and
+     departing they arrived at the place called Tapcu Oloman.
+
+18. Xemolo chi[c]a qui conohel chi ri xoh popon chi vi [c]a chi ri, que
+cha [c]a ri ka tata ka mama [t]a[t]avitz, Cactecauh, [c]a chiri [c]a xoh
+vi ko viel ki, chi ri navipe xkaquir vi kikan. Xcha [c]a ri ahlabal
+ronohel: Chinak ti kaban xere kavach vae oh ah chay, oh ah [c]am, oh
+caol ru vach kikan, at kacha[t] kanimal, xecha [c]a chikichin. Xoh
+cha[c]a chique: Mian xnakahar kalabal xaka vika kij, xaka cauh kij, ko
+[c]u[c]umah, kaquira kikan. [c]oh na vipe kikan, xpage ruma ka tee, ka
+tata, ko [c]u[c]umah, yn yn etamayom. Xoh cha chique, ok xkaquir [c]a
+kikan, ohoh [c]o kikan, ri [c]u[c]um, cahcab, [c]ha, pocob, achcayupil.
+
+     18. Then all gathered together there, and we took counsel there,
+     said our fathers and ancestors, Gagavitz and Zactecauh; and it was
+     after we had arrived there that we first unloosed our burdens. All
+     the warriors said: "Whom shall we make to be our head, we the
+     masters of arms, the masters of booty, the assignors of tribute, oh
+     thou, our younger brother, and thou, our older brother?" So said
+     they to us. Then we said to them: "It is but a little while that we
+     looked to make war, and already we are prepared, our standards are
+     ready, our burdens are loosed; they are the burdens which were
+     given us by our mothers and fathers; here are our standards; I, I
+     am the Sage." Thus we spoke when we unloosed our burden, our loads
+     of maize, our standards, our paints, bows, shields, and
+     double-headed lances.
+
+19. Xka[c]ut [c]a vi koh ri chiquivach conohel, oh nabey xoh vikokij,
+chi [c]ha, chi pocob, chi achcayupil, chi [c]u[c]um, chi cahcab, xvikan
+[c]a ronohel, xoh cha [c]a chiquichin: Coan chivichin, yx kacha[t],
+yxkanimal, kitzih vi chitan [t]al ahlabal xtikoquibeh, xtikatih vi ka
+[c]haa, ka pocob. Xahala chic xatakobe, ti [c]ama kabey, xoh cha chique.
+Maqui xcaho [c]amoh bey, xecha, ta [c]ama ka bey, at kacha[t], at
+etamayom, xecha chike. Oh [c]a xoh [c]amo bey xoh cha chi[c]a chique.
+Xavi vave komolo chivikij, xoh be [c]a ok xka[c]ul vachih [c]a hu [c]hob
+labal, Ah Nonovalcat, Ah Xulpiti qui bi. He [c]oh chuchi palouh, pa hucu
+e [c]oh vi.
+
+     19. Thus we showed ourselves before the face of all; first we
+     adorned ourselves with our bows, our shields, our two-headed
+     lances, our feathers, our paints; we put them all on, and we said
+     to them, "On with you, you our younger brothers, you our elder
+     brothers, truly this war is certain, we must enter upon it, we
+     must test our bows, our shields. It makes little difference which
+     way we go; choose ye the road," said we to them. "It is not for us
+     to choose the road," said they. "Choose thou the road, thou our
+     younger brother, thou our teacher," said they to us. Then we chose
+     the road, and we told it to them. All of us then gathered together,
+     and soon we met face to face a party of warriors, called those of
+     Nonovalcat and those of Xulpit. They were on the border of the
+     ocean; they were there in their boats.
+
+20. Kitzih ti xibin que [c]habin, quetzalo, hucumah [c]a xepax kumari,
+xetzalo chipe [c]hakap pahucu; ok xe paxin Ah Nonovalcat, Ah Xulpiti,
+xecha chi[c]a conohel ahlabal: Chinak ti ki[c]ovibeh chuvi palouh, at
+kacha[t], xecha. Xoh cha chi[c]a: chique hucu tiki[c]ovibeh mahatikil
+kalabal. Xavi[c]a pa qui hucu Ah Nonovalcat xohoc vi, ok xohbe relebal
+[t]ih, ha[c]aok xohoc apon. Kitzih tixibin chi tinamit, chi hay [c]ovi
+Ah Cuyva, chila relebal [c]ih, xoh ocnaek [c]a apon tzamhay, quere bila
+xbe kato[t]o, ok xohoc apon, kitzih ti xibin ok xpeul chucohol hay,
+kitzih tibirbot, xpalah poklah ok xpeul, xtzalo cochoch, xtzalo [c]a
+qui[c,]ij, ca[c], xtzalo conohel cavah, xahuye[t], xacayek xkaban ohxoh
+paxin ki [c]oh xbe chicah, [c]oh xkapan uleuh, [c]oh x xule xhote,
+chikichin konohel, haok xu[c]ut ru naval ru halebal. Ronohel ahlabal,
+huhunal, chi[c]a xeul chuvi huyu Tapcu Oloman, pam pokon chic xoh
+molokij, chiri xoh [c]u[c]umah viel, xoh vikon viel, yx ka[c]ahol, que
+cha ri [t]a[t]avitz, Cactecauh. Tok xka [c]utubeh [c]a ki, ba xa colovi
+avi, xoh cha chi re Qeche vinak: Xaqui tohoh quihilil xibe chicah, xa
+chicah xbe nucolo vivi, xcha, quere[c]a xubinaah vi Tohohil ri: xcha
+chi[c]a Co[c,]il vinak, xaxi [c]ohe can chiri, xaxi colovi pa ru chij
+cakix, xcha; quere[c]a xubijnaah vi Cakix can ri. Xoh cha chi[c]a oh
+Cakchiquel vinak: xa ni[c]ah ta[t]ah xnucol vivi, xaxi kapon uleuh;
+quere[c]a xubinaah vi Chita[t]ah ri, [t]ucumatz tucheex hunchic, xa paya
+xucol viri. Xcha chi[c]a Tukuchee vinak, xaxi colovi ahcic chupam hun
+ama[t], xcha: quere[c]a xubinaah vi Ahcic ama[t]ri. Xcha chic Akahal
+vinak: xaxincol vi chumpam akah, xcha; quere[c]a xubinaah vi Akalahayri.
+Quere[c]a xebinaah vi conohel vi [c]iy chi; maqui xtivoquecah xecolo vi
+quij; maqui naek xaka meztam, chirelebal [t]ih xbe oc vipe quibi
+conohel, [c]axto[c] [c]a xoh paxin vi ul ki, que cha ri [t]a[t]avitz,
+Cactecauh. Xoh cha[c]a oh ankatucu rupam ka huyubal, ka ta[t]abal: Mixbe
+ka tiha ka [c]ha ka pocob, vue bala [c]o chivi kalabal, oh [c]a kacanoh
+ka huyubal ka ta[t]ahal, xoh cha [c]a. Ok xoh paxin kij chuvi huyu, ok
+xoh pe [c]a konohel hutak [c]hob, chu bey xux, xa chi vi ha qui bey. Ok
+xetzolih chipe chuvi huyu Valval Xucxuc, xe y[c]o[c]ape chuvi huyu
+Memehuyu, Tacna huyu ru bi, xeul chic chuvi Cakiteuh, Caki[c]uva, ru bi.
+Xeel chipe chuvi Meahauh Cutam chah, [c]a chila[c]a xebe tzolih chivipe
+chuvi huyu Cakihuyu Tepacuman ru bi; Tok xi[c]o qui [c,]eta qui huyubal,
+qui ta[t]ahal; okxe y[c]ope chuvi huyu To[t]ohil xcaker vi Qeche vinak.
+Xe i[c]o chipe Pantzic, Paraxon xoh caker vi, yxka[c]ahol, que cha[c]a
+ri henabey katata kamama [t]a[t]avitz Cactecauh. Ha[c]ari huyu ta[t]ah
+xey[c]o vi xemeho vi, maqui xti[c]iz ka[t]aharticah xananoh xkabijh,
+maquina xakameztam, kitzih vichi [c]iya huyu xoh i[c]o vi, quecha ri
+oher katata kamama.
+
+     20. Truly it was fearful, the arrow-shooting and the fighting; but
+     soon they were routed by us, and half the fighting was in the
+     boats. When those of Nonovalcat and Xulpit had been routed, all the
+     warriors spoke: "How shall we cross over the sea, our younger
+     brother?" they asked. And we said to them: "We shall cross in the
+     boats, while our battle is not yet known." Then we entered into the
+     boats of those of Nonovalcat; when we came from the east then we
+     entered them. Truly, it was fearful in the town and houses of those
+     of Zuyva, there in the east; for when we entered at the furthest
+     house, they could not understand how we had entered. Truly, it was
+     fearful there among the houses; truly, the noise was great, the
+     dust was oppressive; fighting was going on in the houses, fighting
+     with the dogs, the wasps, fighting with all. One attack, two
+     attacks we made, and we ourselves were routed, as truly they were
+     in the air, they were in the earth, they ascended and they
+     descended, everywhere against us, and thus they showed their magic
+     and their sorcery. All the warriors, each one by himself, returned
+     to the place, Tapcu Oloman; we gathered together in sadness, there
+     where we had put on our feathers, where we had adorned ourselves,
+     oh you our children, as was related by Gagavitz and Zactecauh. When
+     we asked each other where our salvation was, it was said to us by
+     the Quiche men: "As it thundered and resounded in the sky, truly in
+     the sky must our salvation be;" so they said, and therefore the
+     name Tohohil was given to them. The Zotzil nation said that really
+     there was salvation in the mouth of an ara, and so the name Cakix
+     was given to them. We, the Cakchiquels, we said: "Truly, in the
+     middle of the valley lies our salvation, entering there into the
+     earth." Therefore the name was given, Chitagah. Another, who said
+     salvation was in the water, was called Gucumatz. The Tukuche said
+     salvation was in a town on high, so they were called Ahcicamag. The
+     Akahals said, "We may be saved in a honeycomb," therefore they were
+     called Akalahay. Thus all received their names. Do not believe,
+     however, that many were saved. Do not forget that all these names
+     came from the east. But the Evil One scattered us abroad, said
+     Gagavitz and Zactecauh. Thus we spoke when we turned about in our
+     hills and valleys: "We lately took up our bows and shields, if
+     anywhere there was war; let us now seek our hills and valleys."
+     Thus we spoke. Then we were scattered about in many places; then we
+     all went forth, each division its own way, each family its own way.
+     Then a return was made to the place Valval Xucxuc, and they passed
+     on to the places called Meme and Tacna, and they arrived at the
+     places called Zakiteuh and Zakiquva. They went on to Meahauh and
+     Cutamchah, and there they turned about and came to the places
+     called Zakihuyu and Tepacuman. Then it was they could see their own
+     hills and vales; and they came to the place called Togohil, where
+     the Quiche men made a beginning. As they returned to Pantzic and
+     Paraxon, we made a beginning, oh you our children, as said our
+     first fathers and ancestors, Gagavitz and Zactecauh. Such were the
+     hills and vales through which we passed and turned about. "Let not
+     the praise due us for these our words cease, nor let it be
+     forgotten that truly to you we gave the places we passed over."
+     Thus spoke of old our fathers and our ancestors.
+
+21. Ree chi[c]a huyue xey [c]ovi chuvi Popo abah, xeka chuvi Qhopiytzel,
+pa nima [c]oxom, xe nima chah, xeka chila mukulic ya molomic chee. Ok
+xilitah [c]a ri [c]oxahil, [c]obakil, rubij, Chiyol Chiabak ru bi huyu
+xilitah vi, xavi Bacah, xahun chi lol, ru halebal. Ok xilitah x[c]utux
+[c]a: chinak catux, xucheex. Xcha [c]a ri [c]oxahil, [c]obakil: At
+ahauh, maqui quina camicah, xa yn acha[t] animal, xa yn cachinak can
+ruma Bacah Pok, Bacah Xahil, xaquin ikan a tem a [c]hacat, at ahauh,
+xecha. Xecha chi[c]a ri [t]a[t]avitz Cactecauh: Maquian at nu hay nu
+chinamit catux. Kitzih vi chi at nucha[t], nunimal, xucheex [c]a; xa[c]a
+cha ri e chinamital, xeucheex, he[c]ari Telom Cahibak quibi. Ok xel
+chi[c]a chiri Chiyol Chiabak, xecolochic rucamul cakan xei[c]o chucohol
+huyu boleh chi[t]a[t] chi Hunahpu, chiri[c]a xqui[c]ul vachih vi ru[c]ux
+huyu, chi[t]a[t] Caki[c]oxol rubi; kitzih [c]iy ru camicam vi
+Caki[c]oxol, kitzih tixibin tivachin, xa ele[t]on, quecha.
+
+     21. These are the places over which they passed to Popoabah, whence
+     they descended to Qhopiytzel, among the broken rocks, among the
+     great trees; then they descended to Mukulicya (the hidden waters)
+     and Molomic Chee (the stacked-up wood). There they met the Qoxahil
+     and the Qobakil, as they were named, at the places called Chiyol
+     and Chiabak, there they met them, the only survivors of the Bacah,
+     by their magic power. When they met them, they asked and said, "Who
+     art thou?" Qoxahil and Qobakil answered: "O thou our lord, do not
+     kill us; I am thy brother, thy elder brother. We two alone remain
+     from the Bacah Pok and the Bacah Xahil. I am the servant of your
+     throne, your sovereignty, O thou our lord." So spoke they. Then
+     spoke Gagavitz and Zactecauh: "Thou art not of our house; thou art
+     not of our tribe." But later it was said by the tribes: "Truly thou
+     art our brother, our elder." They are those called Telom and
+     Cakibak. When they went forth from Chiyol and Chiabak, twice they
+     turned their steps and passed between the mountain ranges to the
+     fire, to Hunahpu; and they met face to face in the spirit of the
+     forest, the fire called Zakiqoxol. Truly, this Zakiqoxol kills many
+     men. Truly, he is fearful, a robber, they say.
+
+22. Chiri [c]a chucohol huyu, chi [t]a[t] ruchahim vi quibey, ok xeel
+apon, tok xuban [c]a ri Caki[c]oxol: Chinak ri mak alabon oh [c,]et,
+xecha [c]a. Ok xtak [c]ari [c]oxahil [c]obakil, xbe ru [c,]etalol ru
+halebal, xcha [c]a ok xul kitzih ti xibin ti vachin, xa naek hun maqui e
+[c]iy xcha, ka[c,]eta na, chinak tux bay xibih yviho, xecha [t]a[t]avitz
+Cactecauh. Xucheex [c]a ok x[c,]et: chinak catux xcat ka camicah, nak
+rumal tachahih bey, xucheex, xucheex [c]a. Xcha [c]a: Maqui quina
+camicah, xavi vave yn[c]ovi, xa yn ru [c]ux huyu. Xcha ok x[c]utux
+[c]ari roquecam; xataya chuvichin ri avoquecam. Ok xuyape ri roquecam,
+halizm xahpota qui[c], xahabi qui[c], ru camicabal Caki[c]oxol. Xere
+xucolbeh pe ri, xel [c]a chiri xekah apon xehuyu. Tok xemi[c]h chi[c]a
+ruma chee ruma [c,]iquin, quere ti[c]hao chee xca[c]axah, xxuban chi[c]a
+pe [c,]iquin. Xecha [c]a, ok xca[c]axah: Chinak ri ti ka[c]axah na,
+chinak tux, xecha. Xa[c]a hari chee rutunum ri, hari ti ki [c,]i[c,], pa
+[c]echelah, ha[c]a ri balam [c,]iquin xxuban, quere[c]a xo vi can ru bi
+huyu ri [c]hitabal.
+
+     22. Going on, they arrived in the middle of the woods at a fire
+     built by one guarding the road, and it was made by Zakiqoxol. "Who
+     are these boys whom we see?" said he. Then were sent forward the
+     Qoxahil and the Qobakil, with their mysterious vision and magical
+     power; they spoke when they arrived. One of them spoke, not many
+     [at once], as it was truly terrible to look upon, and he said: "Let
+     us see what kind of a hideous mole are you?" So said Gagavitz and
+     Zactecauh. Thus they spoke when they saw him, and they said: "Who
+     art thou? We shall kill thee. Why is it that thou guardest the road
+     here?" So they said and spoke thus. Then he said: "Do not kill me;
+     I, who am here, I am the heart of the forest." Thus he spoke, and
+     then asked that he might clothe himself. "They shall give to thee
+     wherewith to clothe thyself" [said they]. Then they gave him
+     wherewith to clothe himself, a change of garment, his blood-red
+     cuirass, his blood-red shoes, the dying raiment of Zakiqoxol. By
+     this means he saved himself, descending into the forest. Then there
+     was a disturbance among the trees, among the birds; one might hear
+     the trees speak and the birds call. They said, when one listened:
+     "What is this that we hear? Who is this?" said they. And the
+     branches of the trees in the forest murmured, and the tigers and
+     birds called one to another. Therefore that spot is called
+     _[c]hitibal_, "The Place of Disquiet."
+
+23. Xeel chi[c]a chiri, xahun xtika yukuba vi ru bixic huyu vae, Beleh
+chi [t]a[t], Beleh chi Hunahpu, Xecuh, Xetocoy Xeuh, Xeamatal chij,
+[c,]unun choy Xecucu huyu [c,]unun huyu, Xiliviztan, Cumpancu, Tecpalan,
+Tepuztan, xekah [c]a apon [c]hol ama[t], Cuquitan, kitzih [c]a yeuh que
+[c]hao, xa chicop etamayom qui [c]habal; xachire chicop heri Loxpin,
+Qhupichin, qui bi, xkayot vi, xoh cha [c]a chique xoh apon: _vaya vaya
+ela opa_. Cani xe macamo ok xka [c]habeh ri qui[c]h bal chique
+ah[c]holama[t], xacani xqui xibih quij, xa utz quitzil xoh apon.
+
+     23. They departed thence. Once for all we shall mention the names
+     of these various places: Belehchigag, Belehchi Hunahpu, Xecuh,
+     Xetocoy, Xeuh, Xeamatal Chii, Tzunun Choy, Mount Xecucu, Mount
+     Tzunun, Xiliviztan, Zunpancu, Tecpalan, Tepuztan. They then
+     descended to Cholamag and Zuchitan. Truly, the language there was
+     difficult, and the barbarians alone knew to speak their language.
+     We inquired only of the barbarians, Loxpin and Chupichin, and we
+     said to them when we arrived: "_Vaya, vaya, ela, opa._" They were
+     surprised when we spoke their language to those of Cholamag, and
+     many of them were frightened, but we received only good words.
+
+24. Xeapon chi[c]a chuvi huyu Memehuyu Tacnahuyu, rucamul cakan; maqui
+[t]alah que[c]hao, quere xae mem. Kitzih naek e utzilah vinak. Xaka
+[c]hal xoh mi[c]ho, xoh yaloh chiri xketamah qui[c]habal. Quecha [c]a
+chikichin: At auh, mixatul, ku[c]in, xaoh acha[t] animal, xata vave cat
+[c]ohe vi ku[c]in, quecha, xrah hameztah ri ka[c]habal, xax kabah chic
+ka[c]ux, ok xpeul cu[c]in.
+
+     24. They went to the places, Meme and Tacna, for the second time.
+     They could not speak well, hence the name _Mem_. Truly, they were
+     good people. They spoke to mock us, and we remained to learn their
+     language. They said to us: "Thou our lord, remain with us; we are
+     thy elder and younger brother; abide with us," said they. They
+     wished us to forget our speech, but our heart was as a stone when
+     we arrived with them.
+
+25. Ree chi[c]a [c]hakap rubi huyue, xel chivi Cakiteuh Cakiqua, ni[c]ah
+Cubinal, ni[c]ah Chacachil, [c,]ulahauh, xba cah, ni[c]ah Nimxor,
+ni[c]ah Moinal, ni[c]ah Carchah; xe i[c]o [c]a pe ru[c]in valil [c]ahol
+[c,]unun [c]ahol: xeel chic ru[c]in Mevac, Nacxit, kitzih chinima ahauh,
+ha ki [c]a rikan ri que chapbex ahaua ahpop, ahpop[c]amahay.[TN-13] ha
+roquecam ri Orbal tzam ri tiquiyo ru bi ha [c]a ti Cinpual Taxuch.
+Kitzih lo[t] chique [c]iz y[c]ovinak pe ronohel ahlabal chiri xe ucheex
+conohel ruma ahauh Nacxit: Xati hotoba can ree vapal abah toc chuvi
+vochoch, tin ya [c]a chivichin ree vahauarem, tiquiyo Cinpuval Taxuch,
+xe ucheex conohel ahlabal, xax mani vi [c]a xquiho abah chique, xavi
+[c]a xe ucheex chic, [c]ate[c]a xehotobaan can ri vapal abah, quere[c]a
+x[c]iz ruya vipe rahauarem vach Nacxit vi xepoo chi[c]a chiri.
+
+     25. These were also a part of the names of the places: they went to
+     Zakiteuh and Zakiqua, the midst of Tubinal, the midst of Chacachil,
+     Tzulahauh which reaches to the sky, the midst of Nuuexor, the midst
+     of Moinal, the midst of Carchah. They passed over with the sons of
+     Valil and the sons of Tzunun. They went forth from Merac and
+     Nacxit. Truly this one (Nacxit) was a great lord, and the vassals
+     who aided him to seize the sovereignty were themselves rulers and
+     chieftains. He invested Orbaltzam, and said that his name should be
+     Cinpual Taxuch. Truly he finished by making himself the most dear
+     of all men to all the warriors by the words spoken to all by this
+     lord Nacxit: "You have come to be the stone framework, the support
+     of my house; I will give to you sovereignty, and give you Cinpuval
+     Taxuch." So said he to all the warriors. "I have not placed the
+     stones of the others," so said he to them. And thus they came to
+     erect the stone framework. Therefore, Nacxit completed the
+     appointment of a companion in the sovereignty, and they cried out
+     aloud with joy.
+
+26. Ok xilitah chi[c]ari Ah Mimpokom Ah Rax[c]hi[c]h pa Caktzuy rubi
+huyu, tantu cavi ruvach rikan ronohel Pokoma; tantiban xahoh, xman queh,
+xman [c,]iquin, raal [c]akol queh, xu[c]: tzara xaxere rikan Ah
+Rax[c]hi[c]h, Ah Minpokom ri, xa vuk ama[t] chinaht x[c,]et vi. Ok xtak
+[c]a el ri chicop Cakbim, xbe [c,]eto quichin, xetak chi navipe ri
+[c]oxahil [c]obakil lol, ru halebal. Ok xpe ru [c,]eta, xe ucheex [c]a
+xebe: Oh y[c,]eto naktux ri quixapon nakah, vue kalabal, xeucheex el. Xe
+ul [c]a he Ah Mukchee, mani xqui [c]ut quij, maqui xquina xebe [c,]et.
+Xpe [c]a retal ruma Cakbin ru [c]aan Huntzuy tzara xul. Yn cheel xbe
+y[c,]eta, xeucheex, kitzih nima [t]a[t]al, nima xahoh tantiban, [c]iy
+[c]a chu [c]ohlem, que cha xeul. Xe cha [c]ari [t]a[t]avitz Cactecauh,
+chiquichin rachbiyil; quix vikon, vue kalabal, quecha. Xevi ko [c]a
+quij, chi [c]ha, chi pocob, he cautal xe be xe[c,]et [c]a ruma Pokoma.
+Xa cani ru xibih ri Pokoma, xeel cani[c]a x[c]am cokotaxic.
+
+     26. Then they met those of Mimpokom and Raxchich, at the place
+     called Tzaktzuy. They met all the subjects of the Pokomams. They
+     dance their ballet, but it is without deers, without birds, without
+     pheasants, without the trappers and their nets. The subjects of
+     Raxchich and Mimpokon gather together; but the seven nations look
+     on at a distance. They sent out the brute Zakbim as a spy; and on
+     our side were summoned the Qoxahil and the Qobakil, magicians,
+     enchanters. On their departure, they were told: "Let us see who are
+     approaching, and if we are to fight." So it was said. Those of
+     Mukchee arrived, but they were in no great number, nor had they
+     come to spy out. The signal was given by Zakbin, while Huntzuy came
+     into line. "Now I see them," they said. "This is really a wonderful
+     thing, a wonderful dance they are making; there are many under the
+     trees." So spoke they on arriving. Thus said Gagavitz and Zactecauh
+     to their companions: "Let us take up our arms if we are to fight."
+     Immediately all took up their bows and shields, and thus arrayed
+     showed themselves to the Pokomams. At once terror struck the
+     Pokomams, and ours rushed forth to seize them in their disorder.
+
+27. Ok xeilitah [c]a ri e cay Loch rubi hun, Xet rubi rucam, [c]a chila
+xeilitah vi xe Cucuhuyu [c,]ununhuyu, que cha [c]a ok xeilitah: Maqui
+koh acamicah, at ahauh, xa kohikan a tem a [c]hacat; xecha, halal oc
+quikan, xahuhun chi [c]habitun cu[c]aam; xe tzolih chipe, xquitzak chi
+can hun ru tzuyil, qui tzara chiri xepax vi, quere[c]a xubinah vi huyu
+Tzaktzuy, ri retal x[c]amvi Ahquehay, heri nabey qui tata qui mama
+xeboco Ahquehayi. Yncheel ru[c]amic vue, quixcha, [c]ohe rubi huyu.
+Xe[c]am vi ri [c]hakap chinamit, yxka[c]ahol, quere can kitzih he nabey
+ka tata ka mama xoh boz vi xoh vinakir vi, oh Cakchiquel vinak.
+
+     27. Then they encountered the two, Loch and Xet by name; they
+     encountered them there at the foot of the mountains Cucu and
+     Tzunun. These said when they were encountered, "Do not kill us, O
+     thou our lord; we will be the servants of your throne, of your
+     power." So they said, and entered at once as vassals, each one
+     carrying the bows and drums. Going on, a return was made, and they
+     were hindered by some calabash vines, and were ensnared and
+     scattered. Therefore, that place was called Tzaktzuy, and the
+     Ahquehay took it as their sign, that is, those first fathers and
+     ancestors who brought forth the Ahquehay. This is why they took it,
+     it is said, and such is the name of the place. They chose a portion
+     of the tribe, oh you my children, and truly thus it was that our
+     first fathers and ancestors brought us forth and gave us
+     existence--us, the Cakchiquel people.
+
+28. Ok xe[c]ulu chi [c]a qui chuvi huyu Oronic Cakhay, xul chic ronohel
+vuk ama[t] ahlabal. Xcha [c]ari [t]a[t]avitz, Cactecauh chirichin Qeche
+vinak: koh i[c]o pa huyu konohel, ka [c]haca ru [t]ih ronohel vuk ama[t]
+Tecpan, ka [c,]umah chiqui [c]ux; at catahilan can quivach, cat pa e can
+chuvi Cakay, yn [c]a quinoc chupam huyu Cakay, yn qui[c]haco quichin, ti
+[c,]umah chi qui [c]ux, chupam huyu ba [c]o vi ti [c]hacatah, ba[c]ovi
+maqui ti [c]hacatah; xe cha [c]a, ok xcam quitzih, x[c]oh pa Cakhay, ok
+xtiquer ri[c]ovic ronohel, chiri [c]a chupam huyu x[c,]umax vi chi qui
+[c]ux. Ok xuna [c]a ri [c]ul ya, [c]ul chahom, maqui xi[c]o chupam huyu.
+Xcha: At ahau, xa tin ya queh cab chi vichin, yn ahqueh, yn ahcab
+quinux, maqui quin i[c]o, xcha ri yuquite chahom. Quere[c]a xrelahih vi
+queh cab, yuquite chahom ri. Xeel chi [c]a chiri xey[c]o chipe chuvi,
+Tunaco[c,]ih [t]ahinak abah. Chiri[c]a xquitih vi qui [c]habi tun Loch
+Xet, xaco[c,]iham qui tun, quere[c]a xubinaah vican huyu Tunaco[c,]ih
+ri.
+
+     28. Then they went forth to meet those at the place Oronic Cakhay,
+     and all the warriors of the seven villages arrived. Then spoke
+     Gagavitz and Zactecauh to the Quiche men: "Let us all go to the
+     place. Let us conquer the glory of all the seven villages of
+     Tecpan, let us weaken their hearts; do thou count their faces, do
+     thou stand here at the place Cakhay; I shall enter the place
+     Cakhay; I shall conquer them; their heart shall be weakened; there,
+     in the place, they shall be conquered, where they never before were
+     conquered." Thus they spake when they ordered the slaughter, when
+     they were in Cakhay; then it began with all of them in the place,
+     and their hearts were weakened. But on account of the defence with
+     water, and the defence with cinders, they could not enter the
+     place, and their hearts were weakened. Then it was said: "O thou
+     lord, I will give thee the venison and the honey. I am the lord of
+     the venison, the lord of the honey; but I have not passed because
+     of the cinders," it was said. Thus the venison and the honey were
+     protected by means of the cinders. They went from there to
+     Tunacotzih, "the sounding stone." There Loch and Xet made trial of
+     the bows and drums, and they beat their drums; therefore the name
+     of that spot is Tunacotzih, "the Drum-beating."
+
+29. Ok xilitah chi [c]a ri Cavek chiri xenima chah, Ximbal xu[c] rubi
+huyu. Ok xa[c]axax [c]a ro[t]ebal cak corovach xe nima chah, ru halebal
+ri cavek. Que cha [c]a ri [t]a[t]avitz Cactecauh: chinak tux ri, chinak
+chi kucheeh, quecha. Ok xcha [c]a ri Loch, Xet: [c]o vikan, at ahval, ha
+ti koquecah, xecha. Ox xquiz [c]a quikan; xa [c]a xu[c], cakquiy,
+xabanbal xahab quikan, mani quikan xae ru ka xbachican quehay,
+[c,]umhay; quere quibinaam vi Ahquehayi ri. Ok xrip [c]ari xu[c] chuvi
+chee, x[c]ambex richin cakcorovach xe nima chah, ok xuya [c]arij chupam
+xu[c] ri cak corovach, xcha [c]a ok xuya ri: At ahauh, maqui quin a
+camicah. Chinak na [c]a catux, xucheex. Xcha[c]a: Xa xoh cachcan ruma
+ahauh Qechee, xa oh acha[t] animal, oh Cavek, xakoti[c]en atitil,
+a[t]ana abah, xecha [c]a ri ok xquiya quij, qui tata qui mama Caveki. He
+cay chi achi Totunay ru bi hun, Xurcah ru bi hun chic, [c]oh quikan
+Cavek Paoh ru bi, xeucheex [c]a ruma [t]a[t]avitz, at rucah nu chinamit
+catux, [t]eka[c]uch, Ba[c]ahol, Cavek Cibakihay, qui xucheex, kitzih vi
+chi at nu cha[t] nu nimal. Xavi [c]a xu cheex chic Ahquehay, chirih nu
+chinamit cat ahilax vi, at rikan ka[c,]ak kibah catux, huruma ri mani
+rikan, xere vi ri xu[c], x[c]ambex Cavek, que [c]a x[c,]akat vi chinamit
+ri, que cha oher ka tata ka mama, yxka[c]ahol, xa maqui hemezta ytzih ha
+e ahaua vi.
+
+     29. At this time they met the Cavek under the great pines, at the
+     place called Ximbalxug. They heard the plaint of the doves beneath
+     the great pines; the enchantment of the Cavek. Gagavitz and
+     Zactecauh said: "Who art thou? What is that we hear?" Then said
+     Loch and Xet: "They are our vassals, oh our lord, they obey us."
+     They began to show their burdens; bird nets, maguey, tools for
+     making shoes, were their burdens--no other burdens, for their
+     houses were of deer skins and hides; hence they were called
+     Ahquehay. Then they carried the nets to the woods; they caught
+     doves in them beneath the great pines, and they brought many of
+     these doves caught in the nets, and said: "Oh our lord, do not slay
+     us." "Who art thou?" was asked. They answered: "We have been ruined
+     by the Quiche men, we your brother, your kinsman, we the Cavek;
+     they have diminished their regal dignity." So spoke they, and gave
+     many gifts, they the fathers and ancestors of the Cavek. There were
+     two heroes, Totunay the name of one, Xurcah of the other, the
+     vassals of Cavek Paoh; they were addressed by Gagavitz: "Thou art
+     the fourth of our tribes, Gekaquch, Baqahol, Cavek, and Cibakihay."
+     Thus he addressed them: "Truly thou art my brother, my kinsman."
+     Thus he spoke to those of Ahquehay: "Thou art counted in my tribe,
+     thy vassalage shows that thou art of our ancient home, no longer
+     art thou a vassal nor carriest the net. The Caveks are received,
+     and form part of our tribe." So spoke of yore our fathers and
+     ancestors, oh my children, and we must not forget the words of
+     these rulers.
+
+
+_Qui [c]hacbal [c]a ka mama, ok xcam._
+
+     _The Victory of Our Forefathers, After One Had Died._
+
+30. Xeapon chi[c]a chuvi huyu [c]hopi ytzel, xcha [t]a[t]avitz chire
+Cactecauh: ko[t]ax chuvi civan.--Utzan, xcha. Ha [c]a nabey x[t]ax ri
+[t]a[t]avitz, ok xrah [c]a x[t]ax chic ri Cactecauh; maqui [c]a x[t]ax,
+xtzak ka pa civan: equre[c]a xcam vi can hun ka mama rij, xhachatah qui
+vach, xahun chic xohboco, oh Xahila, ri [t]a[t]avitz.
+
+     30. Having arrived at the place, Qhopiytzel, Gagavitz said to
+     Zactecauh: "Let us cross this ravine." "Good," said he. Gagavitz
+     first crossed, and then Zactecauh wished to cross. But he did not
+     cross, but fell into the ravine. Thus died one of our ancestors,
+     and their possessions were divided; but the other, that is,
+     Gagavitz, brought us forth--us, the Xahila.
+
+31. Xeapon chi[c]a chuvi huyu, Cakihuyu, Teyocuman, ru camul cakan;
+chiri [c]a x[c]i [c,]et vi el ru [t]a[t]al huyu, [t]a[t] xanul ru bi,
+kitzih ti xibin ru [t]a[t]al tipe chupam huyu; to[t]ol ru[t]a[t]al
+chinaht. Xmani vi tucheex roquebexic, xa[c]a huna huyu [t]a[t]xanul
+[c]oh ru [t]a[t]al; xmani vi tipe vi [t]a[t], xaporinak chi[c]a ronohel
+ahlabal vuk ama[t] xe huyu, mani tanti cucheex, kitzih tan [c]ok qui
+[c]ux, mani tan tucheex ru [c]amic ru [t]a[t]al, xa xeho chic ho oyobem,
+quecha ri ka mama ri [t]a[t]avitz, xeapon [c]a xe huyu, xecha [c]a
+conohel ahlabal: At kacha[t], mixatul xa at chic at koyoben, chinak tu
+cheex ru [c]amic ka[t]a[t], mix katih tatiha ka [t]ihil at kacha[t],
+xecha conohel, xoh cha[c]a chique: Nak tahoon tin canah nutihana, hari
+achih ru [c]ux, maqui tu xibih rij, yn quinabeyah, xcha [t]a[t]avitz
+chiquichin, mani xahoon xa canih xquixibih qui. Kitzih ti xibin ru
+[t]a[t]al huyu; ok xraho [c]a ri hun Caki[c,]unun rubi. Yn quibe
+avu[c]in, xcha ri Caki[c,]unun, xcha chire [t]a[t]avitz.--Tok xvikon
+[c]a xquicauh, xqui cha [c]a qui quicabichal: Maquina chi [c]ha, chi
+pocob. Xa xet tule xa [c,]imah vi, xa bolol, raxah ru bi, hari ca[t]ul
+tel chi ya; xquivikbeh quij, xoc pa qui vi, xoc chi qui kul, chi qui
+[c]huc, chi qui [t]a, chi cakan camicabal richin [t]a[t], quecha. Ha
+[c]a xka chupam [t]a[t] ri [t]a[t]avitz, ha [c]a Caki[c,]unun, xyaan can
+ru vi [t]a[t], xa rax yxim xpu[t] ka pa ya xyabex ruvi [t]a[t]: kitzih
+[c]a tixibin ok xkah chupam huyu, ok xpax ru [t]a[t]al huyu, xto[t]e
+rucibel chinaht, xoc [t]ekum a[t]a. Xepax conohel ri e [c]oh xe huyu,
+xqui xibih qui. Xbe yaloh pa huyu ri [t]a[t]avitz, xqui tzakah ru [t]ih,
+xcam chi qui [c]ux. [c]oh x[c]amo [t]a[t], [c]oh mani x[c]amo
+chiquichin; halatak oc ru bix [t]a[t] xkaul xe huyu; [c]oh xilon, [c]oh
+maqui xilon chique, ok xel [c]a pe chupam huyu. Kitzih ti xibin chic ru
+vach, ok xel pe pa huyu [t]a[t]xanul, xecha [c]a ronohel ahlabal vuk
+ama[t]: Kitzih tixibin ru puz ru naval, ru [t]a[t]al ru tepeval, xcam
+xkana, quecha.
+
+     31. They then arrived at the white hills called Teyocuman, coming
+     there for the second time. There they saw the fire of the mountain
+     called Gagxanul. Truly it was frightful to see the fire coming from
+     the mountain, the fire shooting forth afar off. No one could say
+     how it could be passed by, as the mountain Gagxanul was on fire for
+     a whole year, after which fire did not come forth. When all the
+     warriors of the seven villages had arrived at the foot of the
+     mountain, no one spoke; truly, they grieved at heart, nor could one
+     say how the fire could be captured. They could but go on hoping.
+     When he arrived at the mountain they spoke to our ancestor,
+     Gagavitz, and all the warriors said to him: "Thou our brother, thou
+     hast arrived, thou in whom is our hope. Who will go down to the
+     capture of this fire? Who will descend for us, who are seeking our
+     fortune, oh thou our brother?" So said all; and we replied: "Who of
+     you wishes that I shall try my fortune? He has a heart of a hero,
+     that fears not. I will go first." Thus spoke Gagavitz to them: "You
+     must not fear so soon." Truly, the fire of the mountain was
+     terrible. Then there was one named Zakitzunun, who wished to go
+     with him. "I will go with you," said Zakitzunun, speaking to
+     Gagavitz. Then they were armed and their ornaments put upon them.
+     But the two said together: "There is no use of bows or shields."
+     They laid them aside; they took pointed instruments and dug a
+     trench, and they placed by the water those banana trees called
+     _raxah_. When these things were in order, they entered first with
+     their heads, then with their necks, then with their arms, with
+     their hands, with their feet, so as to destroy the fire, as they
+     said. Then Gagavitz descended into the fire, while Zakitzunun
+     conducted the water to the fire, and the green grass and maize
+     mixed with the water flowed upon the fire. Truly, it was fearful
+     when it descended into the mountain, when it scattered the fire of
+     the mountain, when the smoke burst forth afar and darkness and
+     night entered on the scene. All who were at the foot of the
+     mountain fled, as they were greatly frightened. Gagavitz remained
+     in the mountain. The day drew to a close, and their courage died in
+     their hearts. The fire was captured, but it was not captured for
+     them. A few sparks of the fire descended from the mountain. It
+     reached some, but it did not reach them. Then he came from within
+     the mountain. Truly, his face was terrible when he came from within
+     the mountain Gagxanul. All the warriors of the seven villages said:
+     "Truly his power, his knowledge, his glory and his majesty are
+     terrible. He died, and yet he has come down." So said they.
+
+32. [c]ate[c]aok x[c]hocobax chuvi [c]hacat, ok xkaul, kitzih xquininah,
+xe cha [c]a conohel: At kacha[t], mix akacah ru [t]a[t]al huyu, mi xaya
+ka [t]a[t]; yx cay chi al, hun nabey al, hun xambey al chivichin, yx ka
+vi, yxka holom, xecha conohel ahlabal vuk ama[t], chirichin ri
+[t]a[t]avitz. Ok xcha [c]a chiquichin: Xpeul ru [c]ux huyu nu teleche nu
+cana, yx nucha[t], nunimal. Ok xquir [c]a ri ru [c]ux huyu,
+xa[c]olo[c]ic [t]a[t] chi abah, hari abah cakcho[t] rubi, maqui raxa
+abah, oxlahuh [c]a [c]oh [c]o ru [c]in ri abah, ha[c]a rix[c,]ul ru
+[c]ux huyu [t]a[t]xanul; xa [c]a cha ri couh ru xahic rix[c,]ul, [c]i ya
+[c]hob, tuban maqui ahilam re[c,]anibal.
+
+     32. Therefore, when he had arrived they seated him on the throne,
+     and truly made much of him, and all said: "Oh our brother, you have
+     conquered the fire of the mountain; you have reduced for us the
+     fire. Ye are two heroes; one is the first hero, and one follows
+     him. Ye are our heads, our chiefs." So said all the warriors of the
+     seven villages to Gagavitz. Then he said to them: "The heart of the
+     mountain has come as my slave, my captive, oh you my brethren, my
+     kinsmen." When the heart of the mountain is opened, the fire
+     separates from the stone, even the stone called Gak Chog. It is not
+     a green stone, and there are thirteen others with it, and hence
+     comes the dance called "the heart of the mountain Gagxanul." They
+     say this dance is executed violently, with many troops (of
+     dancers), nor can one count those who join the noise.
+
+33. Xepe chi[c]a chiri xei[c]o chipe Cecic Ynup rubi, xaceel chuvi choy;
+ri ynup maqui na tiquil, mani ruxe ri ynup, xatibilan chuvi ya.
+Quere[c]a ru binaam vi Cecic Ynup ri xey [c]o chipe chuvi huyu,
+[c]alalapacay ru bi; xax [c]al he ru xak pacay xqui[c]hacatih. Quere[c]a
+xubinaah vi [c]alalapacay ri, quecha ka mama.
+
+     33. They went from there and passed over to Cecic Ynup, as it is
+     called, and they rowed on the lake. There was no ceiba tree rooted
+     in the soil, nor did they go under a ceiba tree, but they went upon
+     the water. Therefore, they called that place Cecic Ynup, "the
+     buried Ceiba." And they passed on to the place called Qalalapacay.
+     There they twined the leaves of the anonas for the royal seat.
+     Therefore, they called that place Qalalapacay, "anona garlands." So
+     say our ancestors.
+
+
+_[c]ambal richin Ykoma[t] vae._
+
+     _The Conquest of the Ikomagi._
+
+34. Ok xet chi[c]a chinaht ri Cakixahay [c]ubulahay ru bi, rikam
+Ykoma[t]i, cani x[c]amar rokotaxic cuma, runah [c]a xilitah Chi[t]alibal
+rubi huyu; xuya vi ri hoye vi quivach, ok xilitah, xaxu [t]aba chic rij.
+Quere[c]a xubinaah vi huyu, Chi[t]alibal ri. Xcha [c]a ok xu ya ri: Xa
+yn acha[t] animal, xa mixi[c]hacatah, xaquin ikan a tem, a [c]hacat, yn
+huvi chi vinak [c]o vikan. Xcha ri Ykoma[t]i, he [c]a rikan ri
+Cakixahay, [c]ubulahay; quere[c]a ru[c]amic Ykoma[t] ri, xere [c]a
+xcolotah. Chic ri xeboco chic Co[c,]il vinak, qui tata qui mama ri
+Ahpoco[c,]il Qulavi cochoh, [c]ula vi [c]anti quibi; xaqui vinakil xeel
+chic mani chic quikan.
+
+     34. Then they saw at a distance those called the Cakixahay and the
+     Qubulahay, subjects of the Ikomagi. They were captured after they
+     had been routed by a surprise, when they were not far from a place
+     called Chigalibal. They were pardoned when they arrived, and our
+     warriors extended their hands to them. Hence that place was called
+     Chigalibal. They said, in yielding: "I am your brother, your elder.
+     You are the conquerors. We are the subjects of your throne and your
+     power. I swear it before these who are my subjects." Thus spoke the
+     Ikomagi, and thus their subjects, the Cakixahay and the Qubulahay.
+     Thus did Ikomag submit and save his life. With them the Zotzils
+     brought forth those fathers and elders, the Ahpozotzils named
+     Qulavi Zochoh and Qulavi Qanti. But only their families, not their
+     vassals, proceeded therefrom.
+
+35. Ok xeapon chi[c]a chuvi huyu [c]akba[c,]ulu, ok xilitah chi[c]a ri
+Tol[c]om rubi. Kitzih tixibin [c]o vi, tinicnot huyu [c]o vi ri
+[c]akba[c,]ulu. Nabey [c]a xe [c]iz apon ronohel ahlabal, tanti qui
+xibih quij, maqui tan quetiquer chu camicaxic. Tok xeapon, xecha [c]a ri
+ahlabal conohel: Mian xatul at kacha[t], bila tux ree, kitzih ti xibin
+[c]o vi, quecha. Xecha [c]a vi he ka mama [t]a[t]avitz; chinak na pe
+tux, yx ahlabal? xti[c]a [c,]et an ru vach. Maquian ka labal, maqui
+[c]ha, pocob, tikoquecah, yx [c]oh yx ka nimal, xecha, xetak conohel chu
+chapic Tol[c]om. Ok xe cha [c]a: Nak na[c]a tucheex, at kacha[t],
+mixkatih kitzih tixibin [c]o vi, at cabe chiil, xecha conohel. Tok xpe
+[c]a ru[c,]eta ri Tol[c]om, xapon kitzih ti xibin [c]o vi tinicnot huyu
+[c]o vi. Xcha [c]a chire Tol[c]om: Chinak catux? maat nucha[t] nu nimal.
+Chinak catux? vacami xcat nucamicah. Cani [c]a xa xibih rij, xcha [c]a:
+Yn ral [c]habak nicnic, xa vi vochoch vae yn [c]o vi, at ahauh, xcha.
+Catoho, bat tiquic, xucheex [c]a ri Tol[c]om. Ok xu ya rii, xchapatah,
+xpe [c]a ru chapon chic xul cu[c]in, xeucheex [c]a ri ahlabal vuk
+ama[t], ok xuya ri Tol[c]om: xtika[t]aharticah can vae huyu, yx quixcao
+ru vach nu telechee nu cana; xtikaquiyah, xtika [c]atohih ru vi nu
+telechee, xtike[c,]abeh xtika[c]ak, xtika[t]aharticah can rubi vae huyu
+[c]akba[c,]ulu tucheex ruma vinak [c,]ak, yx ahaua, xeucheex [c]a
+conohel ahlabal.
+
+     35. After this they arrived at the place Qakbatzulu, where they met
+     the one named Tolgom. Truly, terror was there, and the place
+     Qakbatzulu trembled. At first all the warriors began to arrive; but
+     fear was upon them lest they should there meet death. When he
+     (Gagavitz) reached there, all the warriors said: "Thou arrivest,
+     our brother. What is this? Truly it is fearful." So said they; and
+     to them said our ancestor, Gagavitz: "Who are ye, oh warriors? Let
+     us look at his face. Can we not fight? Have we not bows and shields
+     to effect an entrance, oh you who are my brethren?" So he spoke,
+     and he sent all the warriors to seize Tolgom. Then they said: "What
+     speech is this, oh brother? Is it not said that a great terror is
+     there? Go thou and see." So said they all. Then he went forth to
+     see Tolgom, and truly he arrived at the place of the terror and
+     where the hill trembled. At once he cried to Tolgom: "Who art thou?
+     Thou art neither my brother nor my elder. Who art thou? This very
+     day I shall slay thee." Instantly was Tolgom filled with fear, and
+     he replied: "I am the son of the Mud that Quivers. This is my
+     house where I dwell, oh my lord." So he said. "Go forth from here
+     and live elsewhere," was it answered to Tolgom. Then he submitted
+     and was made prisoner, and his body was taken with him. Gagavitz
+     said to the warriors and the seven towns when Tolgom gave himself
+     up: "We have made this spot glorious. Show forth the face of my
+     prisoner, my captive. We will adorn and sacrifice my captive. We
+     will be friends with him and stand in front of him, and thus
+     celebrate the name of this spot, Qakbatzulu, as it is called by a
+     joking people, oh chieftains." Such were the words addressed to all
+     the warriors.
+
+36. Quere[c]a xquibijh vae: At kacha[t], hun nabey al, hun [c]a [c]hipil
+al chikichin, xtiketah [t]ih cak chi popol vach oh oxlahuh chi ahlabal,
+xti ka ya a muh a [t]alibal, a tem, a [c]hacat, avahavarem. He ree cay
+chi al Co[c,]il Tukuche que ucheex, xcat kachi quicohol Ahpoco[c,]il
+Ahpoxahil, qui xucheex xa chiri taban vi, at naek huvi chi ahlabal, la
+naek acha[t] animale, Bacah Pok, Bacah Xahil; qui xucheex naek xa hunam
+[t]a[t]al tepeval, at kacha[t], xucheex [c]a; tok xelahibex ru vach, ok
+ru yaic ri Ahpoco[c,]il Ahpoxahil, maqui naek oh Co[c,]il Tukuche la
+naek, kacha[t] ka nimal lae Bacah Pok, oh [c]a Bacah Xahil, yxka[c]ahol.
+Quecha ri e oher katata kamama: Oh huvi chi ahlabal xa ruma ri nim qui
+puz qui naval, he navipe hei kayom, ri [c]ha pocob. Quere[c]a xelahibex
+vi quivach, a nabey ka mama ri, ruma ri [c]iy xukacah ru [t]ih ralaxic.
+
+     36. Therefore, they spoke thus: "Our brother, one child is the
+     first and another the second among us. Hereafter we shall make this
+     appear before the council, we the thirteen warriors. We will give
+     to thee thy canopy, thy royal seat, thy carpet, thy throne, with
+     power. These shall be called the two children of the Zotzil
+     Tukuches, but thou shalt be the first man among the Ahpozotzils and
+     the Ahpoxahils. They shall call thee forth to act; thou shalt be
+     first among the warriors, thy brothers and thy elders, the Bacah
+     Pok and the Bacah Xahils. They shall name thee equal to any in
+     power and majesty, oh my brother." Thus they said, and his head was
+     lifted above the others, and he was given the power by the
+     Ahpozotzils and the Ahpoxahils, but not by us, the Zotzil Tukuches,
+     nor by our brother and elder, the Bacah Pok and the Bacah Xahil, my
+     children. Our fathers and ancestors said of old: "We have been
+     chosen by the warriors in their great skill and wisdom; their bows
+     and shields have created us." It was thus that our ancestors were
+     first exalted by overcoming the greatness and the birth of many.
+
+37. Ok xtiquer [c]a ru camicaxic ri Tol[c]om, xvikitah na, xoc na ru
+cauh, [c]ate [c]aok xrip ru[t]a chuvach chee lama x[c]ak vi. Ok xtiquer
+[c]a xahoh ruma ronohel ahlabal, xavi Tol[c]om rubi bix. Xquixah ok
+xtiquer [c]a ru[c]akic; maqui [c]a hari [c]haa tel pa [c]am, xahari
+nahtik cimah chee x[c]akbex chuvi huyu [c]akba[c,]ulu x[c]akvi xbe na
+qui [c]haa conohel. [c]ate ok xbe ru [c]ha ri kamama [t]a[t]avitz, cani
+xi[c]o chupam huyu hari Chee [c,]ulu rubi, xu[c]akbeh Tol[c]om: [c]aha
+xcamican he [c]ari conohel ahlabal, halatak oc qui [c]ha, xoc chinaht
+xqui [c]ak vi. Quere ri vinak ok xcam [c]iy ru qui[c]el xel chirih che
+lama: ok xpeh [c]a x[c]iz cipax chuvach ronohel vuk ama[t] ahlabal,
+xquiyax, x[c]atohix rucamic haok x[t]ahar ri uchum, ti[c]o huhun huna,
+xati ban vaim u[c]aam, xa que [c]habin a[c]uala xa tunay chic ru
+[c]exevach tiqui [c]ak, bila [c]a tux ri Tol[c]om, quecha ka mama oher,
+yxka[c]ahol. Quere[c]a xka[c]am viki ri ru[c]in Co[c,]il Tukuche ruma
+[c]a ru puz ru naval, ru [t]a[t]al, ru tepeval; xelahibex vi ru vach ka
+tata ka mama oh Cakchiquel vinak, mani [c]hacat ahinak vi ru [t]ih
+ralaxic e oher ka mama.
+
+     37. Then began the execution of Tolgom. He arrayed himself and
+     entered suddenly. His arms were extended in front of a tree, to be
+     shot with arrows. A dance was begun by all the warriors, while
+     Tolgom began his song. They still danced, when they commenced to
+     shoot their arrows. But not one of the arrows reached the cord;
+     for it was far to the tree where he was shot at, on the hill
+     Qakbatzulu, where they shot at him and where all the arrows fell.
+     At length the arrow of our ancestor Gagavitz was discharged. It
+     passed rapidly over the place named Cheetzulu, and pierced Tolgom.
+     All the warriors then slew him, some arrows piercing, him from near
+     and others from afar. The man being thus killed, a great stream of
+     blood came forth behind the tree. His body was cut in pieces and
+     divided among all the seven towns. This gift and this sacrifice of
+     his death were what founded the festival of (the month) Uchum. At
+     that festival all were equal; there was eating and drinking; little
+     children were killed by being shot with arrows, their heads being
+     adorned with elder flowers, as his substitute, as if they were
+     Tolgom, as say our fathers of yore, oh my children. In this manner
+     we obtained power with the Zotzil Tukuches, by knowledge and occult
+     science, by power and majesty; thus did our fathers and ancestors,
+     we the Cakchiquels, lift our heads above others, nor our ancestors
+     lower their glory and their birth.
+
+38. Ok xepe chi[c]a chiri chu vi huyu [c]akba[c,]ulu, xutzak ka [c]hakap
+Tol[c]om chupam choy: ok x[t]ahar can ri tzam tzakbal Tol[c]om. Ok xe
+cha [c]a koy[c]o chupam ree choy, xa[c]a ahilam xi[c]o xquixibih qui
+conohel ok xquituc rupam ree choy. Chiri xetzako vi quij pan pati payan
+chocol ru bi, quetabal quinaual; chila xe el vi beleh tulul, ha ri pa
+Chitulul. Ok xtiquer [c]a ri [c]ovic pa choy ronohel ahlabal, xavi
+xambey chic xbe ri [t]a[t]avitz, hun [c]a rana Chetehauh ru bi. X[c]ohe
+can chiri xetzako vi qui ha ri tzam [c]abouil Abah ru bi. Vacami tok xbe
+[c]ari [t]a[t]avitz, kitzih tixibin ok xebe pa ya Cu[c,]u cumatz
+xuhalibeh: cani[c]a x[t]ekumar ru vi ya, canix pa e ca[t]ik, cakcut cum
+chuvi ya, x[c]iz [c]a ru tuc ru pam choy. [c]oh xraho, xukacah tah ru
+[t]ih [c,]utuhile xraho: xu [c,]et [c]a ronohel vuk ama[t] tok xel [c]a
+apon chi ya, e[c]o vi xcha [c]a chire xeboco Ah[c,]iquinahayi: Mian
+xkatuc rupam ka choy ka palouh, at ka nimal, hu[c]am a choy, hu[c]aam
+[c]a a [t]uz[t]um, avokok, a tap, a car, tux, xucheex; xu[c]uluba [c]a:
+Utzan, at nucha[t], [c]hakap a choy, [c]hakap [c]a a [t]uz[t]um, a
+vokok, a tap, a car, [c]hakap [c]a a [c]hupup, a raxah tux, xa xere
+mixa[t]aba vinak [c]oh ti camican chupam chachux, xcha Ah[c,]iquinahay
+chire. Xepe chic, xepaxin chic qui, xavi tzolih chipe, xrah y[c]o ru
+[c]ama rana; mani chi[c]a x[c]amom ruma ni[c]ah coon, mani chic rana
+xelpe, mani chic tuna. Xcha: ba xcha vi vana, nak mix [c]amo? Kitzih ti
+be nu canoh ti vil na xchax be labal chic ru[c]ux. Xe vikon, kitzih
+tixibin ok xebe canoy rana: cani[c]a xuxibih ri ama[t] [c,]utuhile, xcha
+[c]a xapon: Nak mix[c]amo pe vana xachi [c]ulu labal chic nu [c]ux? Xcha
+chire ama[t] [c,]utuhile cooni [c,]ununaa. Cani[c]a ha x[c]hao ri
+Ah[c,]iquinahay chirichin: At ahauh, at nucha[t], nu nimal, xa vave
+tuban vi a vana, mixkahach ka choy, hu[c]aam a choy, hu[c]aam [c]a nu
+choy tux, xcha, he pokon xe runa ri ahlabal, xa cha xelah ri
+Ah[c,]iquinahay. Xcha chi [c]a ri ka mama [t]a[t]avitz: Nak ruma tiqui
+[c]am pe vana utz [c]a xti[c]ohe can ru[c]in ni[c]ah coon; xax ti
+va[c]axah atzih, at nucha[t], qui ru [c]hac pe ri ni[c]ah coon, [c]oh ta
+xtinuban chire. Xcha chi xa e Ah[c,]iquinahayi. Quere[c]a ruhachic choy
+ri quecha ka mama, quere navipe kacha[t] kanimal vi ki ri ru[c]in
+[c,]utuhile; [c]oh chi[c]a maqui xtikoquecah. Xey[c]o vi, xemeho vi e
+nabey ka tata ka mama ri [t]a[t]avitz, Cactecauh [c]a chi [t]ekum [c]a
+chi a[t]a ok: ok xquiban ree, mehaok ticaker, quecha, xa[c]a halachic
+maticaker chiri. Xeapon chi[c]a chuvi huyu Pul[c]hi[c]h, chiri [c]a
+xetak viel.
+
+     38. When they were on the hill Qakbatzulu, they threw a part of the
+     body of Tolgom into the lake. Thus began the festival of "throwing
+     the nose of Tolgom." Then, it is said, there was heard a noise in
+     the waters, and at its passage all were terrified when there were
+     these movements in the waters of the lake. Many on these occasions
+     assembled at the spot called "the common baths" (Payanchocol). They
+     practiced many magic arts. Nine zapotes were found at the spot
+     called Chitulul. At that time the warriors began their passage over
+     the lake. Gagavitz followed them with his sister, named Chetehauh.
+     They established themselves, and settled on the point called after
+     the god Abah. A little while after the arrival of Gagavitz, truly a
+     fearful thing took place when he entered the water, having changed
+     himself into Zutzucumatz. It suddenly darkened on the water, a wind
+     rose, and a white cloud rested on the surface, making a circuit of
+     the water in the lake. They desired to remain there; but it was
+     first necessary to reduce the power of the Tzutuhils. All the
+     seven nations looked about and then descended to the water. Those
+     who were there then said to the children of the Ahtziquinahay: "We
+     have scarcely made the circuit of this lake of ours, this sea, oh
+     my brother. But let one-half of the lake be yours, and one-half of
+     the fruits, of the wild geese, of the crabs, of the fish." Thus he
+     spoke, and the others took counsel: "It is well my brother, that
+     the half of the lake be ours, and a half of thy fruits, of thy wild
+     geese, of thy crabs, of thy fish, a half of thy acorns, and a half
+     of thy bananas be ours, and of all living things you kill in or
+     below the waters." Thus did the Ahtziquinahay reply to them. Then
+     they separated and went away, but soon returned, desiring to obtain
+     wives, for none of them were married, owing to the absence of
+     women; neither their mothers nor sisters having accompanied them.
+     They said: "Where speaks my girl? Whom shall I take as wife? Truly,
+     let us go forth and seek where there is said to be a war for
+     hearts." They put on their armor, and were really terrible when
+     they went forth in search of women. The Tzutuhils were frightened,
+     and to them the Cakchiquels said: "Whom shall I take for my woman?
+     Who has declared war against my heart?" So they spoke to the
+     Tzutuhil people, to the women of Tzununa. Thereupon the
+     Ahtziquinahay spoke to them: "My lord, my brother, my elder, here
+     indeed is thy maiden. You have divided with us the waters; half of
+     the lake is thine, half is ours." Thus he spoke, and his warriors
+     were afflicted at his words, when the Ahtziquinahay spoke thus in
+     conclusion. Then Gagavitz, our ancestor, said: "Who of you comes to
+     take wives? It were well that you remain with the organs of women.
+     But I hear thy words, oh my brother; their victory is by the organs
+     of their women. Remaining, I shall do this." Thus he spoke to the
+     Ahtziquinahays. In this manner, say our elders, the lake was
+     divided, and in this manner our brother and elder remained with the
+     Tzutuhils. None other of ours remained. Our first fathers and
+     ancestors, Gagavitz and Zactecauh, passed on, and went back to the
+     darkness and the night. At that time their dawn had not yet come;
+     but not long after they did this it began to shine. They went upon
+     the mountain Pulchich, and thence they set out.
+
+
+_Qui cakeribal vae._
+
+     _This Is Their Day-Breaking._
+
+39. Nabey, [c]a xepe [t]ekaquch, Ba[c]akol, Cibakihay, Cavek xetak pe.
+Quixnabeyah, yxnuhay nu chinamit, tibana apon, ka[c,]ak kibah, xa hala
+chic ma ticaker, vhix, xeucheex, xepe [c]a xeul chiri pa cakeribal,
+Pantzic, Paraxone, Cinahihay, Pacibakul, Pacavek Quehil rubi huyu;
+xecaker vi, xtiquer [c]a rubanic [c,]ak cuma, [c]ulbal richin cahpop
+Nimahay rubi. Nabey qui[c,]ak he [c]a nabey xeul ri [t]ekaqueh,
+Cibakihay, Cavek, xambey chic xul ri Ba[c]ahol, xtiquerinak [c,]ak xul:
+xcha [c]a ok xul ri Ba[c]ahol chire [t]ekaquch: Yn yn ahpop, quin a
+[c]ulu, xcha chi re [t]ekaquch. Ok xul xrah ru hi[t]uh, ah popol,
+xucheex [c]a cuma: Maqui atat kah pop, ma hatul kah pop, xecha chire.
+Tok xrelahih [c]a abah [c]uval, xcha: Tin ya chivichin ree [c]uval cah
+[t]a rakan, tuvic rakan, yn yvahpop, xcha. Maqui xahox chire. Tok
+xtiquer [c]a chubanic ru [c,]ak, xutzin yantah ru[c,]ak xraho ahpopol
+tantu hi[t]uh chire. Ok xtak [c]ape chuluc balam yohol ru[c,]ak ruma
+[t]a[t]avitz, ytzel chic ru[c]ux [t]a[t]avitz Ba[c]ahol tan tiraho
+ahpopol. Quere[c]a xul yoh vi ru [c,]ak ri ruma chicop chuluc balam, tok
+xpe [c]a [t]a[t]avitz chuvi huyu Puhuhil, Paraxone xahun chi raxon ru
+halebal; tok xpeul, ok xul Pantzic Paraxone, cakerinak chic.
+
+     39. The first who went forth were Gekaquch, Baqahol, Cibakihay and
+     Cavek, who came together. You were the first, oh my house, oh my
+     tribe, to bring about our day-breaking, our ancient nation, some
+     time before the dawn. "Go forth," was said to them. Then they came
+     to the place where their dawn was to be, to the mountains named
+     Pantzic, Paraxone, Cinahihay, Pacibakul, and Pa Cavek and Quehil.
+     There their dawn appeared, there they built houses, there took
+     place the marriage of their chief named Nimahay. The first who
+     built houses were those who came first, the Gekaquch, the Cibakihay
+     and the Cavek. The last who arrived was Baqahol, and they had
+     already commenced to build when he arrived. After he had come,
+     Baqahol said to Gekaquch: "I, I am king, I received you." So said
+     he to Gekaquch. At his arrival he had ardently desired the
+     leadership. The others answered him: "Thou! no, thou art not our
+     king; we do not wish you to be our king." So said they to him. Then
+     he showed them a precious stone and said: "I will give you this
+     precious stone carved with four feet, and hands and toes, if I am
+     your chief." So he said. But that suited them not. Then he began to
+     build himself a stronghold, and in a little while the labor was
+     completed, for he ardently desired power and coveted it. For this
+     reason his constructions were destroyed by the Chuluc Balam sent by
+     Gagavitz, because Gagavitz liked it not that Baqahol desired the
+     leadership. Therefore the constructions were destroyed by the
+     animals Chuluc Balam when Gagavitz came to the places called
+     Puhuhil and Paraxone, each of which was clothed with changing
+     green. After that he arrived on Pantzic and Paraxone, and on his
+     arrival the day-breaking took place.
+
+40. Elenak chi pe [t]ih, quecha e oher tata mama, xul [c]a chiri pa
+cakeribal, he [c]a banoninak chic rutee runam ri [t]ekaquch, Cibakihay,
+Cavek, Ahquehay; maqui utz tuna chiri Ba[c]ahol, xu[c]hih chi oc ri chi
+tee, chi nam ok xqui[c]ul cahpop; x[t]il [c]a el xucheex: maqui quina
+[c]ul, at Ba[c]ahol, hari mixacha, yn ahpop cacha, mixavelahih a[c]uval
+chiqui vach he tee e nam, ahpop Ba[c]ahol[TN-14] ma xa tucheex tava,
+maqui at nutee at nunam, xucheex, [c]a xax cha chic xu[c]uluba: Mani
+chic xubijh, Yn atee yn anam. At vah pop, xa xcha chic, xa xu [c]hih
+chic rij.
+
+     40. The sun had already risen, said our fathers and ancestors of
+     old; the dawn had appeared, when were formed the families of
+     Gekaquch, Cibakihay, Cavek and Ahquehay. Baqahol had not been well
+     received, as he had forced the families to accept him as their
+     ruler. When he forced them to this, they said: "I shall not go
+     forth to meet you, Baqahol. Do you not come to say: 'I am the
+     chief, I say it?' And do you not come to show your precious stone
+     to the eyes of the families? Have you not called youself[TN-15] the
+     Counselor Baqahol? And have you not called yourself the head of our
+     house?" Thus they spoke; but those who were with him answered: "No
+     one has said, 'I am the head of your house.'" "Be thou our ruler,"
+     they cried, and thus he succeeded.
+
+41. Cani [c]ax quetah cahpop chi ahauarem, xcukubax chuvi ru tem ru
+[c]hacat, cani xatinicax chupam atinibal cel, cucu; cani xya pa [c]ul
+pan paz, pa cucul, pa ta[c]h vi, xoc [c]a ru titil, ru [t]aha abah, ru
+xak, ru caka uleuh, x[c]iz oc rahauarem vach, cuma ruhay ru chinamit,
+quecha y mama yxnu[c]ahol. Quere[c]a tee nam vi chinamit ri huma ohoh
+ahpop; Xavi [c]a quere tantuban ronohel ahlabal chupam he ru cakeribal,
+xavi tantetax rahauarem ruma ru hay ru chinamit. Xamulumuxinak chic
+chupam rucakeribal; ox[c]hob [c]a chi ama[t] xcaker chiri, Co[c,]il
+vinak, Cakchiquel vinak, Tukuchee vinak; Ahkahal xahalatak ru cohol
+huyu, xe caker viri ox[c]hob chi ama[t]. Chuvi [c]a huyu Tohohil xcaker
+vi [c]eche vinak, chuvi [c]a huyu Camaneb xcaker vi Rabinale; ahiri [c]a
+xrah caker vi [c,]utuhile pa [c,]ala; xa maha tutzin ru [c]ak tok xcaker
+cuma ruchinamit. Maqui [c]a xmecho chic chiri pa [c,]ala, xaxi[c]o chic
+chicah, chiri chuvi huyu chi [c]eletat, caktihaxic, xtzakovi el ri, cani
+xapon chila Xepoyom. Cani xe rucanah rahlabal ruchinamit, maqui xbanatah
+xuban, cani tah [c]ula xula[t]abeh ru chi choy xraho; cani xemacamo
+ruchinamit ok xi[c]o chi cah [t]u[t]ucot, ru halebal, xati vi nin chic
+ro[t]ebal xi[c]o chi cah xe a[c]axah ru chinamit. Quere[c]a x[c]ohe
+vican cooni [c,]ununaa, Tzololaa, Ahacheli, Vayca; rixcote can chi ya ru
+chinamit [c]hakap [c]a xbe ru[c]in.
+
+     41. Immediately they gave him, as their chief, the signs of
+     royalty. They seated him on the seat and royal throne. They washed
+     him in the bath, the painted vessel. They clothed him with the
+     robe, the girdle and green ornaments. He received the colors, the
+     yellow stone, the paint, the red earth, and thus he obtained the
+     signs of royalty from the other families and tribes, as said our
+     ancestors, oh my children. Thus was constituted the family by us
+     the ahpop; all the warriors did likewise in the place of their
+     dawn; thus was established the royalty by the families and tribes.
+     They became more numerous in the place where their dawn had
+     appeared. Three tribes of our nation had seen the dawn appear, the
+     Zotzils, the Cakchiquels and the Tukuches. As to the Akahals they
+     were but a little distance from the place when the dawn appeared to
+     the three nations. At the spot called Tohohil the Quiches saw their
+     dawn, and those of Rabinal saw it shine at the spot Zamaneb, and
+     the Tzutuhils sought to see their dawn at Tzala. But their labors
+     had not been completed by this tribe when the sun arose. They had
+     not as yet finished drawing their lines in Tzala when it rose in
+     the sky, precisely above the place Geletat. It continued to spread
+     its light along its course, and at last set at the place called
+     Xepoyom. Immediately the warriors quit those places without
+     finishing their labors, and they all agreed to go and dwell on the
+     borders of the lake. At that time the tribes were filled with
+     terror when the eagle with green plumage passed through the sky,
+     Gucucot, the enchanter, and sadness covered the tribes like a
+     shadow when they heard him pass in the sky. Thus he appeared to the
+     women of Tzununa, of Tzolola, of Ahachel and of Vayza. He soared
+     above the shore and half the people went with him.
+
+
+_Va [c]a ru pokonal quitzihe ok xe[c]ohe chiri._
+
+     _The Sufferings That They Endured During Their Sojourn Here._
+
+42. Kitzih vi chi pokon ok ix ka la[t]abeh xohul chi ka huyubal, quecha
+e oher ka mama, yx nu[c]ahol; xmani vi tipe vi techaax ti [c]ux ti vayx
+tu[c]aax, mani navipe tipe vi ti [t]uux ti chinax. Ronohel mani, xa ru
+hometal chee xoh [c]acevi, xa [c]a ti ka cek ru xe ka [c]hamey ti cuker
+vi ka [c]ux ruma. Ha [c]a ri ok xtiquer avanuhic, xahari [t]ukutahinak
+vi chee [c]atinak xya vika yhatz, x[c]ohe vi halatak echa, ha navipe ri
+ka [t]u, xa rihlay, xa cakquiy xka [c]hay xka[t]uuh. Ha[c]a ri ok
+x[c]ohe halal echa, ti[c]o na ri chicop queh chicah titzak nape
+[c]hicuy, [c]ate tikatih halal vay, quecha oher vinak, mani navipe
+quixhayil ok xeul chiri.
+
+     42. Truly it was a time of suffering when we came to establish
+     ourselves in our places, said our ancestors of old, oh my children.
+     There was nothing to eat and there was no relish for what had been
+     brought along, nor was there material for clothing. All was
+     lacking; we lived on the bark of trees and we rested our hearts
+     under the shadow of our lances. At that time the people began to
+     prepare the soil for the planting of corn; the woods were cleared
+     and the brush burned, to prepare for the planting. Thus we came to
+     have a little to eat, and we worked in the bark of trees and the
+     maguey. When there was still some food the vultures passed in the
+     air. At first they took a bird; then they ate some of our food, say
+     the people; but none of them remained when they came.
+
+
+_Qui [c]ambal yxok vae._
+
+     _They Took Wives._
+
+43. Tukuchee xpe vi ri xhayil ri ka mama [t]a[t]avitz, [c]omakaa rubi
+nabey ka tit ri xoh boco, oh Xahila; [c]i xe[c]ule [c]a kitzih: [c]a chi
+nim qui xahan chire [c]ulubic; chi xatini [c]ahar qui ni [c]ahal toc, ba
+[c]at ru xe ki hatz; xahan ri ti[c]iz oc [c]i quecha, xahan navipe camul
+tiban, tixhaylax ha [c]hac virih ruvach talqualax, quecha oher vinak.
+
+     43. The Tukuches having arrived and settled, our ancestor Gagavitz
+     married Gomakaa, our first ancestress, who brought us forth--us,
+     the Xahila. Many others also married; for there had been a
+     stringent prohibition with regard to marriage; so that when they
+     went in to bathe, their organs gave way and they spilled their
+     seed. Many were thus prohibited, it is said, and the prohibition
+     was made a second time, because they had carnal relations both
+     naturally and unnaturally, as the old traditions say.
+
+44. Ha[c]a ri tok xtiquer rutzukic [c]axto[c], xahu vuk chi [t]ih,
+xa[c]a oxlahuh chi [t]ih ti tzukbex ri, xa navipe rax [t]ol rax ru
+vachah, rax hox, rax homet, xa [c]a ral chicop mez retal a[t]a ti[c]at
+chuvach, xa [c]a hari chee holom ocox tiqui [c,]izbeh qui xiquin; maqui
+na nim ru vach ti tzukbex richin ri chay abah oher, quecha xa[c]a xnimar
+ruvach tzukbal re [c]axto[c], xa xnimar na ruvach cak ama[t]. [c]ate ok
+xoc ri nimak ru vach, quecha oher tata mama, ri [t]a[t]avitz, [c]a nakah
+ok [c]a que ul chiri Pantzic, Paraxone, Cimahihay, Paciba[t]ul, Pacavek
+quehil.
+
+     44. Then also they began to adore the Demon. On each seventh and
+     thirteenth day an offering was made to him of fresh resin, and
+     freshly gathered green branches and new bark; and also of a cat,
+     the image of night, which were burned before him. To these were
+     added thorns of the gourd tree with which they drew blood from
+     their ears. They had not yet began the worship of the great idol of
+     the ancient Chay Abah. It is said that the worship of the Demon
+     increased with the face of our prosperity. Afterwards the principal
+     idols were set up, as said of yore our father and ancestor
+     Gagavitz, at the time they approached Pantzic, Paraxone, Cinahihay,
+     Pacibaqul, Pacavek and Quehil.
+
+45. Tok x[c]utun [c]ahun quilabal Ahcupilcat, Ah Canalakam quibi, bala
+xpevi, ok xquiyal [c]a ruvach huyu, xoc vi balbaxin chee, x[c]haybex
+quichin Ah Cupilcat, xeoc na apon chiri labal quitakom [c]iy chubinem,
+tox xpe [c]a ri balbaxin chee chuvach huyu, xeyaar [c]a chi camic ri Ah
+Cupilcat, Ah Canalakam, ruma ka mama. Chiri [c]a xquiban vi pa ru
+cakeribal Ba[c]ahol; tok x[t]ahar can ru bi huyu, Yalabey, Cimahihay,
+Motzoray tucheex; xa [c]a e cay xe[c]ace, quecha; hun [c]a xbe [c]eche
+ri Ahcupilcat, ha ki xtihbex [c]holoh chiri.
+
+     45. At that time some of the natives of the places called Cupilcat
+     and Canalakam, offered combat when they (the Cak.) had arrived
+     before their city. Withdrawing from before the city (our men)
+     entered a very dense woods where those of Cupilcat were destroyed.
+     Others arrived at the spot to continue the battle, and some calling
+     to others, they entered the dense woods, before their city, and
+     then these men of Cupilcat and Canalakam were destroyed by our
+     ancestor. There the family of Baqahol began its fame, and the name
+     of the place became celebrated. Cimahihay and Motzoray, the only
+     two said to have survived, abandoned the place; and another from
+     Cupilcat came to Quiche and there met his death.
+
+46. Xepe [c]a chiri Pantzic, Paraxone, xqui toloba can ri, xeul chic Pan
+che Chi[t]ohom ru bi, [c]a chiri [c]a xquitih vi halal qui pokob, ka
+chunah rupam ree chee [c]i quecha chirichin chee, xa orocom rupam chee
+xqui chunah, xa[c]a rachak chicop cot balam, xqui chunabeh rupam chee.
+Ok xla[t]abex [c]a, xya chupam ri [c]axto[c], Chay Abah, xa[c]a chicop
+[c]el, cuyu[c]h xulabalibeh rochoch ri [c]axto[c] cuma: quere[c]a
+xubinaah vi pan che Chi[t]ohom ri xe yaloh [c]a chiri, xa[c]a e cay
+xeru[c]aholah ri [t]a[t]avitz, Caynoh rubi hun, Cayba[c,] rubi hunchic,
+e cay chi achi.
+
+     46. Having abandoned Pantzic and Paraxone they arrived at the
+     forest called Chiqohom, and there suffered some deprivations. But
+     they made dwellings in the trees, each choosing a tree and
+     whitewashing its interior with lime obtained from the excrements of
+     eagles and tigers. When they were settled there, they set up the
+     idols of the Demon and Chay Abah; and in the house of the Demon
+     were placed parroquets and parrots. Therefore they called that
+     place Chiqohom. After having lived there awhile, Gagavitz begat two
+     infants, the first named Caynoh, the second Caybatz, both boys.
+
+47. Xcam [c]a ri ahauh [t]a[t]avitz, ri ki xpe pa Tulan, ki [c]a e
+[c]hutik [c]ahola ri ka mama Caynoh, Cayba[c,], ok xcam qui tata, xavi
+chiri xemuke vi can, chupam qui cakeribal Paraxone.
+
+     47. At that time the king Gagavitz died, the same who came from
+     Tulan; his children, our ancestors, Caynoh and Caybatz, were still
+     very young when their father died. They buried him in the same
+     place where their dawn appeared, in Paraxone.
+
+48. Bala [c]a xeye vi e cay chiachi, xeul chiri quecha [c]a ok xeul
+chiqui chin [t]ekaquch, Ba[c]ahol, Cibakihay: Mixoh ul, yxkatee,
+yxkanam, oh vae oh [t]alel Xahil, ahuchan Xahil kohucheex, oh y [t]alel,
+oh yvahpop. [c]i quecha ok xeul, mani [c]a natal xepe vi vue pe he ret
+ri Cactecauh, ri xcam can chupam civan [c]hopiytzel; [c]i xe cha chic e
+ka tata e ka mama, yxnu[c]ahol.
+
+     48. Thus were the two boys left. Then Gekaquch, Baqahol and
+     Cibakihay arriving, said to them: "We have come; we are your
+     mothers and sisters; we are here, we the Galel Xahil and the
+     Ahuchan Xahil, as we are called; we are your Galel; we are your
+     Ahpop." Thus many of them came and spoke, not remembering the sign
+     of Zactecauh, who had died in the ravine of Qhopiytzel. Thus spoke
+     many of our fathers and ancestors, oh my children.
+
+49. [c]i nabey [c]a x[t]a[t]ar Tepeuh, rahaual Cauke. Cuztum [c]hixnal
+ru bi huyu; xban vi ti xibin ru naual ri Tepeuh, tibirbot huyu [c]o vi,
+xpatanih [c]a ronohel ama[t] chuvach Tepeuh.
+
+     49. The first who ruled with glory was Tepeuh, the king of Cauke.
+     Cuztum and Chixnal were the names of his strongholds. The magic
+     power of Tepeuh inspired terror, he caused the mountain to tremble
+     where he lived, and all the tribes paid tribute to Tepeuh.
+
+50. He [c]a ri [t]alel Xahil ahucham Xahil xtakex quitzih ruma
+[t]ekaquch Ba[c]ahol: [c]i xecha ri [t]alel Xahil ahuchan Xahil; Que be
+tah ru nabey ka patan ri Caynoh, Cayba[c,], oh [c]oh oh yvahpop, [c]i
+xecha chique chinamit, [c]i xtakex [c]a quitzih ruma chinamit.
+
+     50. Now these Galel Xahil and Ahuchan Xahil caused these words to
+     be carried by Gekaquch and Baquhol: "The Galel Xahil and Ahuchan
+     Xahil say thus, 'Let Caynoh and Caybatz go forth first as our
+     tribute, for as for us, we are the rulers.'" So said they to the
+     clans. And the boys were sent with the message for the clans.
+
+
+_Qui benebal vae ru[c]in Tepeuh._
+
+     _Their Interview With Tepeuh._
+
+51. Xebe [c]a ri ka mama Caynoh, Cayba[c,] ru[c]in Tepeuh, he hu[c]icic
+xebe, xax quiyonih chicam ri [t]alel Xahil, Ahuchan Xahil; xeapon [c]a
+ru[c]in Tepeuh. Chinak qui xux, xeucheex ruma Tepeuh oh ru [c]ahol
+[t]a[t]avitz, [c]i xecha [c]ari Caynoh, Cayba[c,]; [c]i xmacamo [c]a
+Tepeuh, ok xra[c]axah quitzih, quere[c]a xe[c]ace vi ri ruma Tepeuh he
+ta camel ok xebe ru[c]in.
+
+     51. Our ancestors Caynoh and Caybatz came to Tepeuh. They entered
+     alone while the Galel Xahil and Ahucham Xahil remained alone
+     without,[TN-16] When they reached the presence of Tepeuh: "Who are
+     you?" was said to them by Tepeuh. "We are the sons of Gagavitz,"
+     replied Caynoh and Caybatz."[TN-17] Tepeuh marveled greatly when he
+     heard their words: therefore they were strengthened by Tepeuh as
+     theywere humble before him.
+
+52. Tok xetak [c]a chi [c]amoh patan rumal Tepeuh, xe be [c]amo ru patan
+ama[t]. Mani [c]a xe cam vi chuvi tak ama[t] chi [c]amoh patan; kitzih
+chi ronohel tixibin qui puz qui naval ri Caynoh Cayba[c,]; tihulhut que
+[c]ohe vi cha[t]a quere ri [t]a[t], tibirbot [c]a quere ri Cabrakan; qui
+quere[c]a tu xibih vi ri ama[t] ri, ok que apon chuvi tak ama[t],
+ronohel [c]a xya chique rumal ama[t], qui [c]ambal patan. Chila [c]a
+relebal [t]ih, xpuvakix vi pe qui xet, puvak, ba[c,]bal qui xet xux,
+rumal ama[t] qui [c]ambal patan; xnimax quitzih, quere xae ru [c]ahol
+Tepeuh xux ruma ri xbanatah xqiban, kitzih elo[t] xeux ruma.
+
+     52. They were then sent by Tepeuh to collect the tribute, and they
+     went forth to take the tribute from the tribes. No one of the many
+     people died while they were taking the tribute. Truly all feared
+     the magic power and wisdom of Caynoh and Caybatz. Where they were
+     at night it shone like fire, and there was trembling as of an
+     earthquake. Therefore all the people were in fear when they came
+     among them, and they were given all things by the people when they
+     came to take tribute. Quite to the far East they were paid what
+     they demanded, precious metals and spun stuff as they demanded, by
+     the tribes from whom they took tribute. Mighty were their words.
+     Therefore by these actions they became the sons of Tepeuh, and by
+     them truly they became illustrious.
+
+
+_Ri yabal quixhayl vae._
+
+     _They Are Given Women._
+
+53. Xebe chi[c]a e [c]amol patan chi Ah[c,]iquinahay, [c]i xerihix [c]a
+chi [c]aholal kamama. Chila [c]a chi Ah[c,]iquinahay xbeya vipe
+quixhail, xa[c]a quixet xrayix, puak ba[c,]bem quixet. Ok xe apon [c]i
+xcha[c]a Ah[c,]iquinahay: quekahiah ree ru camahal Tepeuh, kitzih
+tixibin qui naval; kaya quixhayil, ka [c]ama can qui xet; xecha, maqui
+[c]a xel qui chi ahaua chique Caynoh, Cayba[c,]; xquixibih qui [c]oh
+cuxla xquina xa[c]a xbe ele[t]axel quixet cha[t]a, cuma quimeal ahaua;
+xa ele[t]al xbe celel quixet tan quevar; ha [c]a quimeal ahaua hun
+Cun[c]un[t]anel Mayahauh, Puci ahauh xequi[c]am ri Caynoh, Cayba[c,] qui
+bi quixhail vae Buba[c,]o ru bi hun, Ycxiuh rubi hunchic. Mani chi [c]a
+quixet xquina ri ka mama xe macamo, [c]i xe cha [c]a: Mixoh y [t]alaba,
+at Ah[c,]iquinahay, xtoyevar Tepeuh ckikih; Xecha:--Ba y xibih yvij,
+xtika ya yvix hayil, xquixkahiah, maquina ytzel xtikaban, quixbe bijx
+chire Tepeuh, xmaqui chivi xeucheex. Tok xya [c]a chiquichin ri
+quixhail, xebe [c]a bijx chire Tepeuh. Xax maqui chi vi xebe, xquixibih
+qui chuvach Tepeuh, cani xquevah qui chupam pec, xeyaloh chupam pec, chi
+e van ri xubinaah Pecparu pec, Caynoh tucheex.
+
+     53. At length they arrived to collect the tribute from the
+     Ahtziquinahay, who are also descended from our ancestor. They came
+     to where the Ahtziquinahay were with their women, and designating
+     what they desired, they designated metals and spun stuff. When they
+     came, the Ahtziquinahay said (among themselves): "Let us make these
+     messengers of Tepeuh our sons-in-law. Truly their magic power is
+     terrible. But we will give them women, and we will take back what
+     they have designated." So they said, and none of the chiefs went
+     forth to Caybatz and Caynoh. These were frightened, lest some
+     should come during the night and the treasures they had collected
+     be stolen by the daughters of the chiefs. And indeed, these did
+     come secretly and stole the jar of treasures while (the brothers)
+     slept. They were the daughters of the chiefs Zuncunqun, Ganel,
+     Mayahauh and Puciahauh. Caynoh and Caybatz took them as wives;
+     Bubatzo was the name of one, Icxiuh of the other. Our ancestors not
+     seeing their treasure were filled with fear. They cried out: "You
+     have indeed, ruined us, oh ye Ahtziquinahay! Tepeuh will be angered
+     against us." They answered: "Be not frightened. We shall give you
+     wives; you shall be our sons-in-law; we will do you no evil; you
+     will go speak to Tepeuh and nothing will be said to you." Then
+     wives were given to them, and they went to speak with Tepeuh. But
+     they did not reach there, they feared to come before Tepeuh; so
+     they hid themselves in a cavern, and they retired into the cavern.
+     The place where they hid was called by Caynoh Pecparupec (a cave
+     within a cave).
+
+
+_Canobal quichin vae._
+
+     _The Search For Them._
+
+54. Tok xe canox [c]a ruma chinamit: Oh e ka canoh kah pop, ba tan e
+[c]o vi, xka[t]alabaki, xka[c]axah quitzih ree xa maqui paal qui tee qui
+tata, [c]i xechari [t]ekaquch, Ba[c]ahol, Cavek, Cibakihay chique
+Caynoh, Cayba[c,]. Tok xe canay [c]a pa pec, que cha ri canoy quichin xe
+apon: Oh canoy yvichin, yxkahpop, kitzih vi tan hoye ka vach, xecha.
+Cani[c]a xecha ri Caynoh, Cayba[c,]; Mani ko be maqui pe [c]oh yvahaual
+[t]alel ahuchan, chinak la [c]a tiraho chike? maqui pe oh camel xoh be
+ru[c]in Tepeuh, mani [c]a kobe quecam; na ri xitakeh quitzih, kobe na
+[c]a hiquibax chi ree Tepeuh; [c]ate kobe; xecha, xa[c]a cani xutakeh
+chinamit; cani xbe camahel hiquibaay quichin chire Tepeuh; cani xquicot
+Tepeuh tok xra[c]axah qui tzihol, xquicot navipe Cakchequele, Co[c,]il
+Tukuchee, xquicot [c]a Ah[c,]iquinahay; tok xe canay ka mama.
+
+     54. Then they were sought for by the tribe. "We seek our rulers.
+     Where are they? We are truly afflicted; for we have heard their
+     voices. Neither their mothers nor their fathers wish to leave
+     them!" so spoke Gekaquch, Baqahol, Cavek and Cibakihay concerning
+     Caynoh and Caybatz. At length they searched in the cavern, and
+     those who had spoken met them coming: "We seek you, oh our rulers,
+     and truly we are unhappy," said they. Caynoh and Caybatz answered:
+     "We shall not come if your rulers, the Galel and Ahucham, are not
+     there. Who would be with us? Are we not humbled if we return before
+     Tepeuh? We shall not come that they may kill us. Let them take
+     these words, that we may go forth and be reconciled with Tepeuh.
+     Then we will come." So said they, and immediately it was carried to
+     the people. A messenger was sent to report to Tepeuh. When Tepeuh
+     heard the report he rejoiced, and the Cakchiquels rejoiced, and the
+     Zotzil Tukuches and the Ahtziquinahay rejoiced. Then they went
+     forth to seek our ancestors.
+
+
+_Caponibal chic vae panche Chi[t]ohom._
+
+     _The Arrival Again at the Woods Chigohom._
+
+55. Xe apon [c]a chiri cachbilam chic quixhayil, quere bila x[c,]et qui
+vach xquicot ronohel ama[t], tok xeapon chic. Cani [c]a xehi[c,]ax xecam
+ri [t]alel Xahil Ah ucham Xahil, ronohel tzih tok xecam.
+
+     55. Returning, they arrived together, where were their wives.
+     Therefore all the tribes rejoiced on seeing their faces, when they
+     returned. Immediately they caused to be hanged and executed the
+     Galel Xahil and Ahucham Xahil, and all their fame perished with
+     them.
+
+56. Xeoc [c]a chi ahauarem, Ahpop Xahil xux ri Caynoh, Ahpop [c]amahay
+xux ri Cayba[c,], e cay chi ahaua xeux humah tzih ok xeoc chi ahauarem.
+
+     56. Then they entered in possession of the royal power. Caynoh was
+     made Ahpop Xahil, and Caybatz was made Ahpop Qamahay. Both were
+     kings, and their words were as one, when they assumed the royal
+     power.
+
+57. Xe [c]aholan xe mealan [c]a, ri Caynoh, Cayba[c,], e cahi xe ru
+[c]aholah hun, e voo xe ru[c]aholah hunchic, e belehe chi achi xe qui
+[c]aholah ri Caynoh, Cayba[c,], xe re [c]a quitzih tixibin qui puz qui
+naval ri [t]a[t]avitz, Cactecauh, Caynoh, Cayba[c,].
+
+     57. Caynoh and Caybatz begat sons and daughters. The first had four
+     sons and the second five sons, making nine sons begotten by Caynoh
+     and Caybatz. Terrifying was the fame of the magic power and wisdom
+     of Gagavitz, Zactecauh, Caynoh and Caybatz.
+
+58. Ok xecha [c]a ri Caynoh, Cayba[c,]: ti [c,]akattah ri kahauarem oh
+ru pixabam vi ka tata; que oc tah cay ka [c]ahol chi ahauarem, xecha.
+Tok xoc [c]a hun ru [c]ahol ahauh Caynoh ahuchan Xahil rahauarem xux,
+xoc chic hun ru[c]ahol ahauh Cayba[c,], [t]alel Xahil, rahauarem xux,
+quere[c]a cahi vi kahaual ri oh Xahila, x[c,]akat cahauarem ka mama
+chiqui vach.
+
+     58. Then Caynoh and Caybatz spoke thus: "Strong is now our royal
+     power; we hold the rulership from our fathers; let our two sons
+     partake of our power." So said they. Then a son of Caynoh was
+     placed in possession of power and was made Ahuchan Xahil, and a son
+     of Caybatz was placed on the throne and was made Galel Xahil. Thus
+     we had four rulers, we the Xahila, and our royal power was
+     established in the presence of our ancestors.
+
+
+_Xecam [c]a ri Caynoh Cayba[c,]._
+
+     _Death of Caynoh and Caybatz._
+
+59. Xe [c]a oquenak can [t]alel Xahil, ahuchan Xahil, tok xecam ahaua.
+Cani [c]a xoc chic qui[c]exel; he caca qui [c]ahol xeoc chi ahauarem,
+ahpop Xahil, ahuchan Xahil xquikaleh ri e cay ru [c]ahol ru[c]ahol ahauh
+Cayba[c,], Caynoh: xeoc chi[c]a cay ru [c]ahol ahauh Ahpop [c]amahay,
+Xahil [t]alel Xahil xquikaleh: x[c,]akat [c]a cahauarem chiqui vach he
+ru [c]ahol Caynoh, Cayba[c,], he nabey ka mama xebano can ri ahauarem,
+yx nu[c]ahol, xahun ka tee tata xahun xohboco oh Xahila.
+
+     59. After the Galel Xahil and the Ahuchan Xahil had taken
+     possession, the kings died. Immediately their posterity succeeded.
+     Two by two they entered into power, and the two sons of the sons of
+     Caynoh received homage as Ahpop Xahil and Ahuchan Xahil; the two
+     sons of the chief Caybatz took possession and received the homage
+     of their subjects as Ahpop Qamahay and Galel Xahil. Thus was the
+     monarchy established during the time of the children of Caynoh and
+     Caybatz. They were our first ancestors who established the royalty,
+     O my children; but one mother only and one father only brought us
+     forth, us, the Xahila.
+
+60. He [c]a ki xecutulakin, xeyamalakin ree; kitzih chi[c]iy qui tinamit
+qui huyubal xux, tok xe[c]iyar [c]a qui meal qui [c]ahol, ri e belehe
+chi achi, ri xe qui [c]aholah ahauh Caynoh, Cayba[c,]: xa [c]a ki xcam
+ahauh Citan [c]atu, tok xbiyin ahauarem chiqui vach he ka tata he ka
+mama; kitzih chie [c]iy ahaua xux, xax colo cahauarem.
+
+     60. They received homage, they received presents; for the towns and
+     places were beyond number which were theirs. Then multiplied the
+     daughters and sons of the nine sons begotten by the kings Caynoh
+     and Caybatz. When, however, the king Citan Qatu died, the royal
+     power was split up among our fathers and ancestors; there were then
+     many chiefs and the power was divided.
+
+61. He [c]a ri qui [c]ahol [c]oxahil [c]obakil, quere navipe ri qui
+[c]ahol ri [t]alel Xahil, Ahuchan Xahil, quere[c]a ri ru [c]ahol Ah
+Cupilcat, rihun x[c]ace. Xe qui hach ka mama chiqui vach ke chinamital,
+xeux chirih ru [c]ahol ahauh ahauh Caynoh, xeoc vi rie qui [c]ahol
+[c]oxahil [c]obakil, xavi[c]a chiri xeoc vi ru [c]ahol ri Ahuchan Xahil
+ri xehi[c,]ax chirih ahpop, Ahuchan xeoc vi.
+
+     61. There were the sons of Qoxahil and Qobakil, and the children of
+     the Galel Xahil and the Ahuchan Xahil, and the sons of Ahcupilcat,
+     of whom our ancestors had spared life and granted a dwelling place.
+     These made an opposition to the sons of the king Caynoh. The
+     children of Qoxahil and Qobakil having begun to rule, the sons of
+     the Ahuchan Xahil, who had been hanged, opposed the king, and began
+     to rule as Ahuchan.
+
+62. Xeoc chi [c]a chirih Ahpop [c]amahay Xahil, [t]alel Xahil, ri ru
+[c]ahol Ah Cupilcat, xavi [c]a chiri xeoc vi e ru [c]ahol ri [t]alel
+Xahil ri bala xepe vi, ri xeyaoel Caynoh Cayba[c,], xe be ru[c]in
+Tepeuh, xa[c]a xe[c]ohe chi popol ri ykoma[t]i e huvi chi vinak re [c]a
+ru bi qui tinamite, ri nabey qui tinamit.
+
+     62. Against the Ahpop Qamahay Xahil was the Galel Xahil, son of
+     Ahcupilcat; also the sons of the Galel Xahil who was with Caynoh
+     and Caybatz and accompanied them to Tepeuh. They had lived in the
+     sovereignty of the Ikomagi, a nation whose name is from their city,
+     their principal city.
+
+63. Xqui toloba [c]a ri ki xecaker vi conohel xepe chiri Pantzic,
+Paraxone; yalabey Cimahihay, Panchee, Chi[t]ohom, Chiavar, [c,]upi
+ta[t]ahi, ni[c]a ya [c]otox ul; re chi[c]a ru bi ki xecutulakin chivie,
+Cahcab tinamit, Pe[c,]e, Utzupa [t]inona, [t]alaah, Puzbal, Cali[c]ahol,
+Nimcakahpec, Yut [t]um Calla, chuvi Xilom, Molinxot, Pa chalic bak,
+[c]huti tinamit, [c]itan [c]a ti[c]il Akahal vinak chuvi tinamit
+O[c]hal, [c]abouil civan, tan ti [t]a[t]ar ahauh Y[c]halcan Chicumcuvat,
+rahaual Akahal vinak.
+
+     63. At that time they abandoned the place where their dawn had
+     appeared and they all returned to Pantzic and Paraxone; they left
+     Cimahihay, Panche, Chiqohom, Chiavar, and Tzupitagahi, following
+     the valleys of the river. The names of the places that they
+     received homage from in this journey are the towns Zahcah, Petze,
+     Utzupa, Ginona, Galaah, Puzbal, Zaliqahol, Nimzakahpec, Yutcum,
+     Calla, Chuvi Xilom, Molinxot, Pachalicbak, Chuti tinamit, where the
+     Akahal nation had greatly increased, and where, in the towns of
+     Ochal or Qabouil Civan, the king Ychalcan Chicumcuvat, chief of the
+     Akahals, reigned with majesty.
+
+64. Tok xe apon chi[c]a e ka mama chiri chuvi tinamit O[c]hal, xelo[t]ox
+[c]a chiri ruma Akahal vinak, [c]a chiri xu[c]am viri cahi chi ama[t];
+mahaok ti pax Akahal vinak: [c]a ruqaam ok ri ronohel, xa [c]a ki
+rupaxic Akahal vinak. Ok xtole can ri tinamit O[c]hal, xa me[t]enalah
+huyu, xrokah ta[t]ah, ok xapon ral ru[c]ahol ahauh Y[c]halcan Xepakay;
+chuvi vi te xe ynup, xa maloh yc, xa chom, xa car xu raih. Xa naak [c]a
+ruyon vinak xapon chiri ta[t]ah, xa[c]axrah qui hi[c,]ah qui [c]ahol
+ahauh, xa ruma cachihilal, xax rah y[c]o qui [t]a[t]al chiqui vi qui
+tata, quere [c]a xerah cam vi cuma ahaua ri. Xa [c]a hun a[t]a xeel qui
+[c]ahol, xcokotah vinak chila Panah Chiholom, Xepakay xe ynup: cani [c]a
+xquicot Akahal vinak, tok xeka apon ri qui [c]ahol ahaua ta[t]ah.
+Quere[c]a tok xhacho ri Akahal vinak ri, tok xtole [c]a can ri tinamit
+O[c]hal, rachpetic [c]a Akahal vinak ri ka mama, ok xla[t]abex chic ri
+Caki[c]ahol, Nim cakah pec.
+
+     64. Our ancestors then arrived at the town Ochal. They made
+     themselves liked by the Akahals, and founded there four towns. The
+     Akahal nation had not previously been divided; but at that time
+     they all made a choice and chose to effect a division of the
+     nation. It was at this time that they abandoned the town of Ochal,
+     which was in the warm district, and sought the highland plain, when
+     the sons of Ychalcan came to Xepakay Seated on the roots, under the
+     shade of a ceiba tree, they ate chile, and had shellfish and fish,
+     as they liked. Then the people of the place, coming above the
+     plain, sought to hang the sons of the king for their temerity; for
+     they aimed to surpass the greatness of their father, and for that
+     reason the chiefs wished their death. But these princes, making a
+     night attack, routed the people at Panah, at Chiholom and at
+     Xepakay, under the ceiba tree. The Akahals rejoiced at the arrival
+     of the princes on the plain. In consequence of this event, the
+     Akahals separated, and they left the town of Ochal, and accompanied
+     our ancestors, and established themselves at Zakiqahol and
+     Nimcakahpec.
+
+
+_Vae xtinu[c,]ibah_
+
+     _Here I shall write_
+
+65. Quibi ri e ka mama xe ahauar oher, ri ki xe cutulakin xe yamalakin,
+ri [c]iy qui tinamit xux, xaki ru camic ahauh Citan [c]atu, tok xbiyin
+cahauarem ka mama chi qui vach.
+
+     65. The names of our ancestors who received the homage and presents
+     of a great number of towns after the death of the king Citan Qatu
+     when our ancestors publicly took the government.
+
+66. Xahauar ahauh Citan [c]atu, ru [c]ahol ahauh Caynoh, xa vi [c]oh ru
+puz ru naval ri. Ok xahauar chi[c]a ahauh [c]otbalcan. Xahauar [c]a
+ahauh Alinam xahauar chi[c]a ahauh, Xttamer Caquentol. Ok xoc chi[c]a
+ahauh [c]hiyoc Queh ah[t]u[t]. Haok xmolobax el ahauh [t]alel Xahil Xulu
+[c]atu chire [c]echevinak, xax rah ru yac labal ahauh chiree xban vi pa
+[t]inona; xban tzaloh chuvach tinamit [t]inona; quere[c]a xya vi el
+ahauh Xulu [c]atu ri cuma ahaua [c]hiyoc Queh, Ttah ttah Akbal, he tan
+que ahauar, xax mani chi vi qui covil ahaua kitzih hoye qui vack xux
+hoye navipe ru vach vinak xux cuma.
+
+     66. The chief Citan Qatu ruled, the son of the chief Caynoh, to
+     whom were mystic power and wisdom. Then ruled the chief Qotbalcan.
+     The chief Alinam ruled. Next ruled the chief Xttamer Zaquentol.
+     Then followed in power Qhiyoc Queh Ahgug. In his reign the chief
+     and Galel Xahil Xulu Qatu gathered together the Quiche nation,
+     desiring that war should be declared against those who were
+     attacking Ginona, and were engaged against the town Ginona. For
+     this reason the chief Xuluqatu was sent by the chiefs Chiyocqueh
+     and Ttah ttah Akbal, who then reigned, to say that no mercy should
+     be shown to the chiefs who commanded the forces of the enemy, but
+     that the people should be spared.
+
+67. Ok xcha [c]a ahauh [c]ikab chique ahaua: Tila[t]abeh chic y huyubal
+Chiavar, xeucheex ruma ahauh [c]ikab.
+
+     67. Then the king Qikab said to the chiefs: "Go back again to your
+     town at Chiavar." Thus spoke the king Qikab.
+
+
+_Caponibal chic Chiavar vae._
+
+     _Their return to Chiavar._
+
+68. Ru tzih ahauh [c]ikab, tok xepon chic ka mama chuvi tinamit Chiavar
+[c,]upita[t]ah, xavi [c]a xla[t]abex can ronohel huyu ruma vinak, quere
+navipe xbe cu[c]in ahaua ok xquila[t]abeh tinamit Chiavar, ru chi
+[c]ikab.
+
+     68. It was by command of the king Qikab that our ancestors returned
+     to the city of Chiavar and Tzupitagah. All the towns were occupied
+     by the nation, therefore they came with the chiefs when these
+     removed to Chiavar by order of Qikab.
+
+69. Xahauar chi[c]a ahauh Xitayul Hax. Xla[t]aben ok tinamit Chiavar ok
+xahauar Xitayul Hax.
+
+     69. The chief Xitayul Hax was then reigning. The town of Chiavar
+     was peopled during the reign of Xitayul Hax.
+
+70. Ok xoc chi[c]a ahauh Xiquitzal chi ahauarem, tan e [c]oh chiri chuvi
+tinamit Chiavar [c]upita[t]ah; tan [c]a ti [t]a[t]ar ahauh [c]ikab chi
+ahauarem, chila chuvi tinamit [t]umarcaah chi Yzmachij, tan ti patanih
+ronohel ama[t] chu vach.
+
+     70. At that time also the chief Xiquitzal had power. They dwelt in
+     the towns of Chiavar and Tzupitagah. The king Qikab ruled with
+     majesty over all the kingdom at the towns Gumarcaah and Izmachi,
+     and all the people paid him tribute.
+
+71. Ruma ri tan tu cuch ri oxlahu [c]hob chi ahlabal chiri [t]umarcaah,
+[c]a tahin ok tiqui hunamah ruvach qui [c]ha, qui pocob, xqui kacax
+[c]huti ama[t] nima ama[t], ronohel civan tinamit, maquina xaruyon
+[c]echevinak; xuban oxlahu [c]hob chi ahlabal xkacan ama[t], quere
+x[t]a[t]ar vi ahauh [c]ikab ri.
+
+     71. For him the thirteen divisions of warriors assembled at
+     Gumarcaah, and they prepared their bows and shields. The tribes,
+     great and small, and all the dwellers in the ravines were
+     conquered, nor did it cost the Quiches anything. The thirteen
+     divisions of warriors conquered the towns, and thus was increased
+     the glory of the king Qikab.
+
+72. Maqui [c]a xe covin ree [c]hakab ahaua he ka mama, ri mix kabijh
+can, xax qui meztah tzih, quere ri hoye vi ruvach Co[c,]il Tukuchee, ri
+xux, mani qui covil xhoyevatah ruvach vinak cuma, xqui chup [t]a[t]al
+tepeval.
+
+     72. But half of the chiefs would not listen to the words of our
+     ancestors which had been spoken to them; they forgot the order
+     which had been given to spare the Zotzil Tukuches, and not to show
+     mercy to the chiefs, and thus they dimmed the royal power.
+
+73. He [c]a tan que ahauar ri Rahamun, Xiquitzal; he [c]a tan que
+achihir ri ki e ka mama ri Huntoh, Vukuba[c,], quibi, tan he [t]a[t]alah
+achiha, he kitan que bano labal ru[c]in ahauh [c]ikab: [c]a [c]oh ok
+[c]a ka mama Vukuba[c,] chiri Bo[t]oiya; chiri [c]a Xequiz chee tan
+[c]oh vi Huntoh, qui mama nima abahi chiri tan que chahin vi el labal,
+tan ti tahin [t]a[t]alah labal chiri pan Ah Chiholom, tan ti [t]a[t]ar
+ahauh Y[c]hal Amullac, rahaual Akahal vinak.
+
+     73. Those who were then ruling were Rahamun and Xiquitzal, and
+     among the warriors were our ancestors Huntoh and Vukubatz. They
+     were famous warriors and made war under the orders of the king
+     Qikab. At that time our ancestor Vukubatz was at Bogoiya and Huntoh
+     was at Xequizche. These men of old, mighty rocks, had gone forth to
+     war, to wage glorious war with those of Chiholom, where reigned the
+     chief Ychal Amullac, ruler of the Akahals.
+
+
+_Haoc xeoc chi ahauarem vae._
+
+     _These Obtain The Royalty._
+
+74. [c]ate[c]a ok xeahauar ri ka mama ri Huntoh Vukuba[c,], [c]a e [c]a
+ki xe [c]amo [t]a[t]al tepeual; xeoc na chi ahauarem [c]a tan ok ti
+[t]a[t]ar ahauh [c]ikab, [c]a hoye ok ruvach Co[c,]il Tukuchee.
+
+     74. After these things our ancestors Huntoh and Vukubatz reigned,
+     seizing the power and majesty. When they obtained the royalty, the
+     king Qikab was still reigning, and he had mercy on the Zotzil
+     Tukuches.
+
+75. Ha[c]a ri ahauh Vukuba[c,] ka mama, Citan Tihax Cablah rubi ru tata;
+rix[c]aholam e ru mam ahauh Citan [c]atu, ri Tihax Cablah. Xa xbiyin
+cahauarem ka mama chiquivach, xa vi e ru mam ahauh Caynoh, ahauh Citan
+[c]atu, quere[c]a xoc vi chi ahauarem; ka mama ri cumal ahauh [c]ikab,
+ru[c]in ronohel ahaua nimak vinak humah chi ok xoc chi ahauarem ri ka
+mama Vukua[c,], Huntoh quibi xae cay chi ahaua.
+
+     75. This chief, our ancestor, Vukubatz, had as father Citan Tihax
+     Cablah, who was the son of the king Citan Qatu and Tihax Cablah.
+     The latter let the power pass to our ancestor, and the king Caynoh
+     and the king Citan Qatu thus obtained the power. Our ancestor,
+     summoned by the king Qikab and by all the chiefs and leading men,
+     from all parts, was placed in the royal power, and thus our
+     ancestors Vukubatz and Huntoh were then the two kings.
+
+76. Xeoc na chi ahauarem ka mama [c]ate[c]a ok xqui la[t]abeh tinamit
+Chiavar [c,]upita[t]ah. Kitzih [c]a tan ti [t]a[t]ar ahauh [c]ikab, ok
+xe ahauar ri ka mama Huntoh Vukuba[c,], kitzih vi tixibin que achihir,
+maqui qui meztam tzih xavi xere qui [c]uxlaam, quitzih he nabey ka tata
+ka mama ri [t]a[t]avitz, Cactecauh, Caynoh, Caba[c,], Citan [c]atu.
+Kitzih vi [c]a [c]oh chic qui puz qui naval ri ahauh Huntoh Vukuba[c,],
+ri ki x[c]amo [t]a[t]al tepeual; kitzih chi [c]i ya ama[t] tinamit, xqui
+hacah can ru[c]in ahauh [c]ikab, ru[c]in ronohel ahlabal; tanti xibin ru
+[t]a[t]al ahauh chuvach ronohel vuk ama[t], tanti hunamax labal rumal
+ronohel ahlabal; quere [c]a x[t]a[t]ar vi ahauh [c]ikab ri. Ronohel [c]a
+tinamit ree xqui hacah can, mahaok ti tiquer [c]haoh chirih ahauh
+[c]ikab, ruma [c]eche vinak ok xban can:--
+
+     76. When our ancestors had taken possession of the royalty, they
+     settled the towns of Chiavar and Tzupitagah. Truly the king Qikab
+     ruled with great glory when our ancestors Huntoh and Vukubatz
+     reigned. Those warriors inspired terror, nor were their histories
+     forgotten, and the fame was recalled of our first fathers and
+     ancestors, Gagavitz, Zactecauh, Caynoh, Caybatz, and Citan Qatu.
+     Truly there were magic power and wisdom in our ancestors Huntoh and
+     Vukubatz; they assumed glory and majesty. Truly many were the
+     cities and peoples who submitted to them, and over whom they had
+     triumphed with the king Qikab and all the warriors. For this great
+     monarch inspired terror throughout the seven nations, and his
+     warriors carried war in all directions; and therefore great was the
+     glory of the king Qikab. These are all the towns which they had
+     conquered before the insurrection broke out which the Quiches made
+     against their king  Qikab:--
+
+
+_Rubi tinamit vae ronohel._
+
+     _The Names Of All The Towns._
+
+  77. Halic
+  Vitaum
+  Lahub
+  Beleh Cuihay
+  Xubabal
+  [t]a[t]alyx
+  Hultucur
+  [c]ama[t]ekum
+  Chi[c]otuk
+  Chicakyu[t]
+  Coha
+  Ah[c,]uruya
+  Cutum
+  [c]hixnal
+  Molobak
+  Tox[c]omine
+  Tuhallahay
+  Vchabahay
+  Ah[c]humilahay
+  Lama[t]i
+  Cumatz
+  Rapak
+  Chichah
+  Vxa
+  Ahalquil
+  Molomic Abah
+  Nimpokom
+  Nacuxcux
+  Bulbuxiya
+  Panah
+  Chiholom
+  [t]ekacivan
+  [t]u[t]uhuyu
+  [c]ax[c]an
+  Vukucivan
+  Xerahapit.
+
+     77. Halic
+     Vitaum
+     Lahub
+     Beleh Cuihay
+     Xubabal
+     [t]a[t]alyx
+     Hultucur
+     [c]ama[t]ekum
+     Chi[c]otuk
+     Chicakyu[t]
+     Coha
+     Ah[c,]uruya
+     Cutum
+     [c]hixnal
+     Molobak
+     Tox[c]omine
+     Tuhallahay
+     Vchabahay
+     Ah[c]humilahay
+     Lama[t]i
+     Cumatz
+     Rapak
+     Chichah
+     Vxa.[TN-18]
+     Ahalquil
+     Molomic Abah
+     Nimpokom
+     Nacuxcux
+     Bulbuxiya
+     Panah
+     Chiholom
+     [t]ekacivan
+     [t]u[t]uhuya
+     [c]ax[c]an
+     Vukucivan
+     Xerahapit.
+
+78. Ronohel [c]a tinamit ri xquikacah can Huntoh, Vukuba[c]; ru[c]in
+ahauh [c]ikab, [c]a la[t]abem ok tinamit Chiavar ok xquiban can ka mama.
+
+     78. All these towns were conquered by Huntoh and Vukubatz, and by
+     the king Qikab, when our ancestors settled at Chiavar and made that
+     town.
+
+
+_Ru tiqueric [c]a [c]haoh chirih [c]ikab vae._
+
+     _Beginning Of The Revolt Against Qikab._
+
+79. Tok xtiquer [c]a [c]haoh chirih ahauh [c]ikab, ruma [c]eche vinak;
+xavi ru chinamital ahauh xyaco [c]haoh, xa xqiz ru chinamital ahauh
+chucohol nimak achij: tzukul richin maqui chi tah xhito ri al[c]ahol
+xraho [c]eche vinak; xa xrah rambey akan ruma [c]eche vinak, xax maqui
+vi [c]a xraho ahauh. He pokon re runa ahauh ri nimak achij, maqui xe
+ruya ri hitol quij. Quere[c]a xbe vi chiuh ahauh ri ruma [c]eche vinak,
+xax qui chup qui [t]a[t]al.
+
+     79. Then began a revolt against the king Qikab by the Quiche men;
+     the family of the king was the cause of the contest. The family of
+     the king perished with many of the people. The Quiches would not
+     promise the homage as vassals which he asked of them. They wished
+     that the roads should be free to the Quiche people, which the king
+     would not grant. Therefore many of the people disliked the king and
+     they would not pay him their dues. For this reason the Quiches
+     turned against the king and his glory diminished.
+
+80. He [c]a cay ru [c]ahol ahauh tan que [t]a[t]ar. Tatayac rubi hun, Ah
+Ytza rubi hunchic; Chituy, Quehnay qui bi cay chic, xavi e qui [c]ahol
+ahaua: he [c]a xe rach qui chiih [c]eche vinak ri, xtiho naek [c]a
+chirichin ahauh cuma ru [c]ahol xax maqui chi vi [c]a xeruya ri hitol
+qui; e pokon xeruna ri tzukul richin; quere[c]a xbe vi chirih ahauh ri
+cuma ru [c]ahol. Xax ru[c]in vi [c]a ticako vi quivach chire qui tata,
+ri Tatayac Ah ytza, quibi, xax quihi[t]uh rahauarem ahauh, xquirayih
+[c]a ru xit, ru puvak, ralabil ru vinak qui tata; tok xu popoh [c]a ru
+tzih [c]eche vinak chiquih nimak achij tzukul richin ahauh; xe[c]iz cam
+conohel ru nabey tzukul richin ahauh.
+
+     80. The two sons of the king were already distinguished. Tatayac
+     was the name of the one, Ah Itza the name of the other. Chituy and
+     Quehnay were the two sons of these princes. These took the part of
+     the Quiches, and the king was thus opposed to his own sons, who
+     incited the people not to pay their dues, already irritated on
+     account of their subjection; and thus it came that the king was
+     against his own sons. Thus Tatayac and Ahitza were opposed to their
+     father, for they coveted the royal power, and desired the precious
+     stones, the metals, the slaves and people of their father. At this
+     time there was a council of the Quiches against the warriors
+     maintained by the king, and they began to put to death all those of
+     the first rank in the royal service.
+
+81. Va[c]a quibi cahaual nimak achije: Herech, Ta[t]unun, Xhu[c,]uy,
+Eventec, Acacot, Camachal qui bi. Kitzih [c]i yatak cal qui [c]ahol, ri
+hutok [c]hob, chi ahpopo. Mani chi[c]a x[c]uluben ahauh cuma ok xecam,
+tok xoquebex [c]a cochoch ahpopo ruma achiha, xe[c]iz cam ahpopo cuma
+achiha.[TN-19] maqui ruchi ahauh; tan [c]a [c]oh ahauh chuvi tinamit
+Panpetak; cani [c]a rachcamic ahauh xrah ux cuma achiha: ru[c]in navipe
+qui chij ru[c]ahol ahauh xcoquebeh rochoch ahauh Panpetak; cani [c]a
+xelahpe ahauh [c]ikab chique achiha. Quere[c]a xtzolih vi achiha ri
+Xahil ah popo, xeyaar chi camic; [c]ate[c]a ok xelah ahauh chique
+achiha, xutzihobeh ru xit ru puvak; xu ya[c]a cahauarem cah popol
+achiha, xuyacan [t]a[t]al tepeval chique achiha: ruyo[t] ru [c]ux ahauh
+[c]ikab chique ru[c]ahol ytzel xquiban ri Tatayac, Ah ytza quibi.
+Quere[c]a x[c]am vi ahauarem [t]a[t]al, cuma achiha ri humah chi ama[t],
+tok xya ri oxlahuh chi ahpop chi varabal, chu chij ama[t], xa nimak
+achij ki ru xe [c]haoh, ok xchup [t]a[t]al [c]iche ki vi ru chi can
+ahauh [c]ikab. Tok x[c]am [t]a[t]al chi ama[t] oher, yx ka [c]ahol; cani
+[c]a x[t]il vinak al[c]ahol, chu nimaxic ahauh ruma achiha, kitzih hoye
+ru vach ahauh xux, [c]a hunam chivi naek [c]a ru vach oxlahu [c]hob chi
+ahlabal chiri, ok xvar [c]haoh chirih ahauh ruma [c]eche vinak, [c]a
+nakah ok [c]a tutzin [c]haoh, ok xtiquer chic chiquih ka mama.
+
+     81. These are the names of those of the royal service: Herech,
+     Tagunun, Xhutzuy, Eventec, Azacot, Camachal. Then all the populace
+     and the heads of the tribes assembled together. His people did not
+     assemble around the king that they might not be killed, and the
+     houses of the rulers were entered by the people and the rulers
+     were slain by the people; not by order of the king; for the king
+     was then in the village of Panpetak. The populace there wished also
+     to kill the king. But the orders of his sons prevailed in the royal
+     house at Panpetak. The king Qikab humbled himself before the
+     people. Therefore the people began again to kill those of the house
+     of Xahil. Again the king humbled himself before the people, trying
+     to appease them with his precious stones and metals. He gave up the
+     power of the rulers to the people and divided with them his royal
+     rights. The heart of the king Qikab was bruised by his sons Tatayac
+     and Ah Itza, by that which they had done. Therefore the royal glory
+     perished at the hands of the people of all the classes, and the
+     thirteen divisions and the powers they held were given up, and the
+     glory of the Quiches was extinguished in the revolt against the
+     orders of the king Qikab. Then perished the ancient glory of the
+     nation, O you my children; for since then the people acted, and the
+     king is made such by the people. Truly they had then pity for the
+     king, for the thirteen tribes having obtained the power, the
+     contest of the Quiches was ended; but when it was near its end, it
+     suddenly broke out anew among our fathers.
+
+
+_Ru xe chi[c]a [c]haoh vae._
+
+     _Another Revolt Follows._
+
+82. Ok xtiquer chic [c]haoh chiquih ahaua Huntoh, Vukuba[c,], Chuluc,
+Xitamal Queh, cahi chi ahaua vae. Xa[c]a yxok xyaco chic [c]haoh chivih
+Co[c,]il Tukuche, Nimapam Xcacauh rubi yxok, ki ru xe chic [c]haoh. Xa
+ah [c]ay vay yxok xbe pa tinamit [t]umarcaah, xa[c]a xrah kup ru vay
+yxok ruma hun achij qui [c]a[c]al ahaua [c]iche: xa maqui xuya vay yxok
+chire [c]a[c]al, xax he[c] ka achij chi chee rumal yxok. Canih xrah
+hi[c,]atah achi xrah cam rumal yxok Nimapan Xcacauh. Quere[c]a xyacatah
+vi [c]haoh ri rumal [c]eche vinak; xata[c]a xcam ri yxok xraho [c]eche
+vinak; xa[c]a maqui xya ri yxok chire [c]eche vinak, chire [c]a achiha
+cuma ka mama Huntoh Vukuba[c,]. Xe elahtah ahaua xraho [c]eche vinak.
+Quere ta ri xuban ahauh [c]ikab xcaho achih: he [t]a[t] chic cani [c]a
+xupopoh rutzih [c]eche vinak xcha: Xape xtan tu [c]am [t]a[t]al tepeval
+chi Ahpoco[c,]il, chi Ahpoxahil, xa kamicah, xax tanti [t]a[t]ar chi
+Huntoh chi Vukuba[c,]; xeucheex [c]a ri ka mama ruma achiha: [c]i xrah
+[c]a rutih chic ahauh [c]ikab ru [t]ilic ru camic Co[c,]il Tukuche. Mani
+xa[c]axan chic rutzih ahauh ruma [c]eche vinak: Kitzih chi[c]oh ru [c]ux
+ahauh chire Huntoh Vukuba[c,]. Haruma ri kitzih chi nim ru naobal
+[c]ikab [c]i naval ahauh. Maquina xaquere x[t]a[t]ar ahauh, kitzih
+tixibin retamabal, ha ru [c]uxlaam ri xepe vi pa Tullan. He [c]a ri
+achiha, xa mani quetamabal, xae chu [t]abom. Quere bila xquil [t]a[t]al
+maqui xtakex chic rutzih ahauh cuma, quere[c]a qui yon tanti quiban
+labal tiquina.
+
+     82. Then another revolt began against the four leaders--Huntoh,
+     Vukubatz, Chuluc and Xitamal Queh. It was a woman who was the
+     occasion of this revolt with the Zotzils Tukuches, a woman named
+     Nimapam Xcacauh, and she caused the revolt. This woman had come to
+     sell bread in the town of Gumarcah, and one of the guards of the
+     Quiche prince had tried to take the bread from her by force; the
+     woman had refused to give up the bread to the guard, and the man
+     was driven away with a stick by the woman. Then they wished to take
+     and kill the man on account of this woman, Nimapan Xcacauh.
+     Therefore the contest was started by the Quiches; the Quiches
+     wished that the woman should be killed. But the woman was not
+     surrendered to the Quiches by our ancestors Huntoh and
+     Vucubatz.[TN-20] The Quiches, therefore, wished to humble these
+     princes, and they wished to make the king Qikab do this. In anger
+     the Quiches called a council and said: "Only the Ahpozotzils and
+     the Ahpoxahils have obtained the glory and the power; let us kill
+     them, for only Huntoh and Vukubatz have glory." Thus did the people
+     speak to our ancestors. They wished to tempt the king Qikab to
+     harass and slay the Zotzil Tukuches. But the king would not listen
+     to the words of the Quiches. Truly the heart of the ruler was with
+     Huntoh and Vukubatz. For truly great was the knowledge of Qikab and
+     marvelous the power of this ruler. Not only was he a king in
+     majesty, but also he overawed by his learning and the depth of his
+     spirit, derived from Tullan. Therefore when the people saw his
+     wisdom, they sought not to instruct him; they troubled not his
+     majesty nor accepted the words of the king, but pursued alone the
+     war which they had wished.
+
+
+_Qui pixababal [c]a qui ahaua vae._
+
+     _The Orders which were Given to the Rulers._
+
+83. Cani [c]a xel pe ru camahel ahauh takol ahaua, tok xhique rucamic
+Co[c,]il Tukuche, ruma [c]eche vinak. Tok xepixabam quij ahaua cha[t]a,
+xcha [c]a ri ahauh [c]ikab chique ahauh Huntoh Vukuba[c,]: Mani ru xe
+mani ru vi kalabal yvuquin, yxnu[c]ahol; mi[c]a xi[c,]et mixban
+chuvichin: mixrayx valabil nu vinak nu xit nu pavak, quere chi [c]a
+xtiban chivichin. Co [c]a chivichin, yxnu[c]ahol, yxnucha[t] nu nimal.
+Xere vi pixaban ri vae: Mixutzin malo. Machuvak chipe tiban [t]a[t]al
+tepeval vave, xere viri mixkaban yvuquin, chi toloba can tinamit
+chiquivach he [c]haol cunum cachak; maqui e a[c]axa ytzih, yxnu[c]ahol.
+[c]o huyu tila[t]abeh pan Yximchee chuvi Ra[c,]amut. Hay, tinamit tux,
+xa chiri ti ban vi bay vi [c]ovicah chi pe ronohel ama[t]. Ti toloba can
+ri Chiavar. Yx naek, achih, vuetah xti [c]ulubacan, maqui utz nu tzih ti
+takeh, xcha ahauh [c]ikab chique ka mama. Tok xe pixaban quij ahaua,
+quere[c]a xtakeh vi rutzih ahauh ri cuma ka mama. Mani x[c]ulelaan can
+[c]eche vinak.
+
+     83. Then the king sent his messenger to announce to the rulers that
+     the Quiches had resolved on the death of the Zotzil Tukuches. At
+     the same time he sent to the rulers that they should come during
+     the night, and the king Qikab spoke in these terms to the rulers
+     Huntoh and Vukubatz: "It is neither the beginning nor the end of
+     this war made against us, O my children. It has been seen what they
+     have done to me. They have robbed me of my slaves, my family, my
+     treasures, my precious metals. They wish to do the same with you.
+     Go forth, therefore, my children, my younger brothers, my elder
+     brothers." Then he gave his orders: "The lot is cast. Cease at once
+     from the exercise of a power which you should share with me.
+     Abandon this city to the revolted populace. Let your words no more
+     be heard, my children. Go to where you can establish yourselves, to
+     Iximche, on the Ratzamut. Build there houses and a city, and
+     construct a road on which all the people may pass and rest. Abandon
+     Chiavar. As for you, people, if you succeed, may my words come to
+     you as a curse." Thus spoke the king Qikab to our ancestors. Then
+     the commands were given to the rulers, and the words of the king
+     were sent to our ancestors. Nor did the Quiches oppose them.
+
+
+_Ha [c]a ok xe pe Chiavar vae._
+
+     _This is When they Went Forth from Chiavar._
+
+84. Ha chi oxlahuh y[t], xtole can tinamit Chiavar, ok xebokotah pe
+kamama Chiavar, [c]upita[t]ah. Ha[c]a chi oxlahuh y[t], xul xe[c]at baya
+quij, hun Akbal [c]a xuxlan, vinak xe[c]at baya quij, ha [c]a chi cay
+[c]at; xla[t]abex tinamit chi Yximchee, chuvi Ra[c,]amut. [c]a pa
+[c]elah ok [c]a ri pa tinamit chi Yximchee, ok xquila[t]abeh ka mama
+Huntoh, Vukuba[c,], Chuluc, Xitamal Queh, he cahi chi ahaua, re rahaual
+Cakchiquel vinak. Cani[c]a x[c,]apitah xchapo ri labal ru[c]in [c]eche
+vinak, cani navipe xban [c,]alam [c]oxtun cuma kamaa; cani [c]a xquicot
+ama[t] ronohel, tok xla[t]abex tinamit, ha rumal ri kitzih e [t]a[t]alah
+achih, ahauh Huntoh Vukuba[c,]. Xae ki xebano labal ru[c]in ahauh
+[c]ikab; quere xquicot vi ahlabal vuk ama[t] rij. Mani chi[c]a xrucheeh
+[c]eche vinak, cani xu[c]am rucovel ronohel ama[t], cani [c]a xul ru
+camahel vuk ama[t] ru[c]in Ahpoco[c,]il Ahpoxahil, xcha ronohel ahlabal:
+Vtz mixpe, nucha[t], nunimal Chiavar, co chirichin Ahpoco[c,]il,
+Ahpoxahil, kitzih utz mixul chiri chi Yximchee; xa ruyon achih chu [c]ux
+chi Cavek chi [c]eche vinak, xa ruyon [t]a[t]al chu [c]ux, ma xtuban chi
+navi[c]a labal ruyon chi [c]echevinak, xcha ru tzih ronohel vuk ama[t],
+ok xul cu[c]in ahaua. Canix ximo ri ru tzih ronohel ahlabal vuk ama[t],
+tok la[t]abex tinamit chi Yximchee, xa xuyonih chi can [c]eche vinak,
+mani chic xrach[c]ulchijh. Quere[c]a tok xquila[t]abeh tinamit chi
+Yximchee ka mama ri, yxnu[c]ahol, mani chi [c]a xutih labal [c]eche
+vinak chirih Cakchiquel vinak, xa xuya chi pe ru vach; he ka mama nabey
+xoc qui[t]a. Ok xtiho labal chirih [c]eche vinak cuma ka mama Huntoh
+Vukuba[c,], [c]a la[t]abem ok ronohel ree [c]iz[c]ab tinamit pa Chakihya
+pa Xivanul ka vinakil [c]a xpe chiri Xechibohoy Xechituh, xavi [c]a cani
+xula[t]abeh can [c]echevinak ri, cani [c]a ca[c]hob xoquebex vi
+[c]echevinak cuma ka mama; ok xcam ri [c]iz[c]ab Xechituh cuma ahaua, ok
+xutoloba can [c]echevinak ri pa Chakihya pa Xivanul: cani xuxibih
+[c]echevinak ok xtiquer labal ok ixcam ri [c]iz[c]ab Xechituh cuma ahaua
+cani xeapon [c]eche vinak chi la yail Ah Xivanul ah Chakihya ri, ah San
+Gregorio ah Santo Thomas rubi vacami.
+
+     84. It was on the 13th day of the month Yg that they abandoned the
+     town of Chiavar, when our ancestors were forced to leave Chiavar
+     and Tzupitagah. On the 13th Yg they descended, burning many roads.
+     On the 1st Akbal they halted, still burning the roads, which made
+     twice that they burned them, after which they established the town
+     of Iximche, on the Ratzamut; they founded the town of Iximche; then
+     settled there our ancestors Huntoh, Vukubatz, Chuluc and Xitamal
+     Queh, these four rulers, the sovereigns of the Cakchiquel people.
+     As soon as they were settled, they placed themselves in readiness
+     for war with the Quiches, and our ancestors built a stronghold. All
+     the people rejoiced at the establishment of the city by these
+     illustrious heroes, the rulers Huntoh and Vukubatz; for they had
+     fought on the side of the king Qikab. Therefore all the warriors of
+     the seven nations rejoiced. The Quiches could do nothing more, and
+     soon all the cities recovered their power. Messengers of the seven
+     nations came to the Ahpozotzils and the Ahpoxahils, and all the
+     warriors said: "You have done well to leave Chiavar, my brother, my
+     elder; well done, Ahpozotzil and Ahpoxahil; you have done well to
+     come here to Iximche. There was but one brave man with Cavek and
+     the Quiches, there was but one royal heart with them; but hereafter
+     he will not go to war with the Quiches." Such was the speech of all
+     the seven nations when they came to visit the rulers. All the
+     warriors of the seven nations gave their words, when the city of
+     Iximche was founded, that they would separate from the Quiches and
+     would not form an alliance with them. Therefore, my children, when
+     our ancestors founded the city of Iximche, the war of the Quiches
+     against the Cakchiquels had not begun. They had but gazed at each
+     other. Our ancestors first took the sword in hand. When war was
+     declared against the Quiches by our ancestors Huntoh and Vukubatz,
+     the people of Qizqab had inhabited for a long time the towns of
+     Chakihya and Xivanul, and our people were settled at Xechibohoy and
+     at Xechituh. Soon after the Quiches were established, two of their
+     strongholds were seized by our ancestors; Qizqab having been killed
+     by our ancestors at Xechituh, the Quiches abandoned Chakihya and
+     Xivanul. The Quiches were frightened at seeing the war begin with
+     the death of Qizqab at Xechituh by the orders of the rulers. The
+     Quiches then went down to the streams of those of Xivanul and of
+     Chakihya, which are called at present San Gregorio and Santo
+     Thomas.
+
+85. Tok xqui hach [c]a ahaua Huntoh Vukuba[c,] ri vuk ama[t] nimak achi
+xtzuku quichin heri Ah Popoya, Ah Panca[t], Ah Holom, Mixcu, Tamyac,
+ronohel Pokoma: Quere[c]a ta[t]ah, Ah Y[c,]iyule, Ah Xeabah, Ah
+Cak[c]uchabah, xa e cay chi ahaua xe[c]amo ronohel xa Huntoh,
+Vukuba[c,]: xepatanih vi vuk ama[t] nimak achij. He naek cahi ahaua mani
+qui covil ri e cay ahaua Chuluc Xitamal Queh quibi. Cani navipe xtakex
+qui [t]a[t]al ka mama ruma ronohel vuk ama[t], ok xla[t]abex tinamit chi
+Yximchee; quere[c]a ru chupic [t]a[t]al [c]eche ri, quecha can ka tata
+ka mama, yxnu[c]ahol.
+
+     85. Then the rulers Huntoh and Vukubatz assigned to the chiefs of
+     the seven nations all their tributaries, that is to say, the people
+     of Popoya, Pancag, Holom, Mixco and Tamyac, all of whom were
+     Pokomams; as for those on the plains, the subjects of Itziyule,
+     Xeabah and Zakquchabah, the two rulers, Huntoh and Vukubatz,
+     reserved these for themselves. The seven nations and the chiefs
+     were subjected to a tribute. There were four rulers, but the two
+     named Chuluc and Xitamal Queh were not important. Soon afterwards
+     our ancestors were called _majesties_ by all those of the seven
+     nations, at the time that the city of Iximche was founded. Thus
+     disappeared the glory of the Quiches, said our fathers and
+     ancestors, O my children.
+
+
+_Qui camibal ahaua vae._
+
+     _How the Rulers Died._
+
+86. Ha [c]a nabey ahauh Huntoh xcam, ok xcam chic ahauh Vukuba[c,]. Ka
+mama ti[c]il chican tinamit ok xecam ahaua.
+
+     86. The first who died was the ruler Huntoh; then the ruler
+     Vukubatz died. Our ancestors had enlarged the city when they died.
+
+87. Tok xahauar chi[c]a ahauh Lahuh Ah rubi, nabey ru[c]ahol ahauh
+Huntoh.
+
+     87. Then began to reign the ruler Lahuh Ah, first of the sons of
+     the ruler Huntoh.
+
+88. Tok xahauar chi[c]a ri ahauh Oxlahuh [c,]ij rubi, nabey ru [c]ahol
+ahauh Vukuba[c,], he [c]a belehe chi achij xe ru [c]aholah ri ahauh ka
+mama Cibakihay; Ximox ru bi rixhayil ahauh Vukuba[c,]. Oxlahuh [c]ij
+[c]a rubi ri nabey ru [c]ahol, ahauh Cablahuh Ba[c,] ru bi rucam;
+Chopena Tohin ru bi, rox Chopena [c,]iquin u[c]a ru bi rucah, xetzak
+[c]a pa labal ri e cay ka mama; Chopena Tohin xbe tzak Tucuru Cakixala
+rubi huyu xtzakvi; Panatacat, [c]a xtzak vi Chopena [c,]iquin u[c]a;
+Chopena Queh rubi roo; Nima Ahin ru vakuk; Xavi Ahin rubi chic ruvak,
+Caok, [c]atu quibi he cay chic, e [c]a [t]a[t]alah achiha ree ronohel ka
+mama.
+
+     88. At the same time reigned the ruler Oxlahuh Tzii, oldest son of
+     the king Vukubatz. These are the nine rulers begotten by our
+     ancestor, the chief Cibakihay:--Ximox was the name of the wife of
+     Vukubatz; Oxlahuh Tzii was her eldest son; the chief Cablahuh Batz
+     was the second; Chopena Tohin was the third; Chopena Tziquin Uqa
+     was the fourth. These last two ancestors perished in battle.
+     Chopena Tohin was slain at the place called Tukuru Cakixala, and
+     Panatacat was the spot where fell Chopena Tziquin Uqa. Chopena Queh
+     was the fifth; Nima Ahin was the sixth; Xavi Ahin was the name of
+     the seventh, and Caok and Qatu were the two others. All these
+     ancestors of ours were equally illustrious.
+
+89. Ha [c]a ri ahauh ka mama Oxlahuh [c,]ij, quere navipe ri Lahuhah,
+kitzih tixibin que achihir, tixibin [c]a quetamabal xa maqui meztah
+rutzih qui tata qui mama. Xavi xcuker chican ru[c]ux al[c]ahol ok xeoc
+chi ahauarem; xaui xere chican [t]a[t]al tepeval xquiban chic ahaua;
+[c]iy chi navipe nimak labal xquiban xcam chi[c]a ahauh Lahuhah. Ok xoc
+chic ahauh Cablahuh Tihax rubi, nabey ru [c]ahol ahauh Lahuhah, xavi ha
+ahauh Oxlahuh [c,]ij tan tahauar ok xahauar chic Cablahuh Tihax: xavi
+xere qui [t]a[t]al ahaua xux chican, xa[c]a ki ru camic [c]ikab, ri
+naual ahauh chila [c]echee, ok xutih chic labal [c]eche vinak chirih
+Cakchequel vinak. Ha [c]atan que ahauar [c]iche ri Tepepul, Yztayul
+quibi, tok xtzain chic ru [c]ux [c]eche vinak chiri tinamit chi
+Yximchee. Ki [c]a tan nima vayhal tok xban xax ka nima teuh xcamican
+avan pan Uchum, xyaar avan ruma teuh, quere[c]a xcach vi echa ri, que
+cha ri y mama, yxnu[c]ahol. Ok xu [c]am ka [c]eche vinak, xa[c]a hun
+achi, anom xel Cakxiquel xapon [c]eche ha, xaponican ru tzihol vayhal
+[c]ichee, [c]i xcha achij: kitzih tan nima vayh, mani tu[c]hih chic
+vinak ruma vaihal, [c]i xcha tok xapon [c]ichee. [c]i quere[c]a xhique
+vi ru camicaxic Cakchiquel ri ruma [c]eche vinak camel chu [c]ux.
+
+     89. These kings, our ancestors, Oxlahuh tzii, and Lahuh ah, truly
+     they frightened by their bravery, they frightened by their
+     knowledge, for they had not forgotten the words of their fathers
+     and ancestors. The hearts of their subjects were calm when these
+     princes assumed the power, and they exerted authority and control.
+     They had made many and great wars when the king Lahuh ah died. Then
+     came the king named Cablahuh Tihax, oldest son of the king Lahuh
+     ah; but Oxlahuh tzii continued to reign, Cablahuh Tihax ruling
+     jointly with him. In truth, the glory of these rulers was not fully
+     established until after the death of Qikab, when the magician-ruler
+     of Quiche and the Quiches recommenced the war with the Cakchiquels.
+     At that time there ruled at Quiche Tepepul and Iztayul, and the
+     Quiches regarded with jealousy the city of Iximche. At that time
+     there occurred a great famine, brought about by great cold, which
+     had destroyed the harvests in the month Uchum, and the harvests
+     were lost through this cold. For this reason, say our ancestors,
+     the food was all consumed. A fugitive Cakchiquel informed the
+     Quiches of this, bringing to the Quiches the news of this famine:
+     and this man said: "Truly, it is a great famine, and the people
+     cannot suffer the pains of this hunger." So he said on arriving
+     among the Quiches. Therefore the death of the Cakchiquels was
+     decided on by the Quiches, and destruction was in their hearts.
+
+
+_Ru petebal vae._
+
+     _What Took Place._
+
+90. Tok xpe [c]a xubok pe ri pa tinamit [t]umarcaah, x[c]iz pe ronohel
+ahaua; xpe [c]a qui [c]abouil ri Tohohil; humah [c]a ronohel achiha
+xpeul; maqui ahilam chi vinak, maqui xa hu chuvy, ca chuvy xpe, xul [c]a
+chi ama[t], chiri [c]u[c]um ah vi ul xpopon vi ul chiri, ok xvikon [c]a
+chi [c]ha, chi pocob, chi tooh, chi tunatiuh, [t]u[t], chi tunatiuh
+[c]ubul, chi [c]alvach puak abah, ca utal ok xpeul chiri.
+
+     90. Then took place the defeat at the town of Gumarcaah and the
+     humiliation of all the princes. They brought out their god Tohohil
+     and the people came in crowds; the multitude was innumerable; it
+     was not merely in battalions of eight thousand and sixteen thousand
+     men, but they came by villages and districts. They came in battle
+     array, with their bows, their armor and their weapons, their
+     brilliant plumes, their shining circlets, their head decorated with
+     crowns of gold and precious stones; this was the manner of their
+     coming.
+
+91. Ha [c]a chi lahuh [c,]ij, rucam ka [c]eche vinak chi Yximchee, [c]i
+mani [c]a ru tzihol cu[c]in ka mama Oxlahuh [c,]ij, ha Cablahuh Tihax,
+ok xpeul [c]echevinak, camicay richin Co[c,]il Tukuchee. Xa[c]a anom
+achij xkacan pe, rutzihol camic ru[c]in ahaua; cabih tibin camic,
+mix[c]izpe ronohel [c]eche vinak, camicay richin vinak tinamit,
+xtoquebex, kitzih tixibin mixpeul, maqui xa hu chuvy ca chuvy achiha,
+xcha ri achi anom ok xul Cakchiquel. Cani [c]a xepopon ahaua xecha: xaha
+rutaon, utz mixpe xti katih ki ru[c]in [c]iche vinak, xecha ahaua. Cani
+[c]a xel camol bey, xel [c]a hu [c]hob achiha ramonel chirih [c]eche
+vinak, xramatah vi xa[c]a ruyon ah tinamit x[c]ulelaan, ri xkape pa nima
+bey chuvi huyu [c]at beya qui, xu[c]ulelaah [c]a ru [c]ulel Ah
+Tiba[c]oy, Ah Raxakan, xavi [c]a xu [c,]apihel ru bey Ah [t]aleah, Ah
+Pacaki uleuh, Ah [t]inoma.
+
+     91. It was on the day 10th Tzy that occurred the destruction of the
+     Quiches at Iximche; but the news of it had not yet reached our
+     ancestors, Oxlahu[TN-21] tzii and Cablahuh Tihax, when the Quiches
+     came to destroy the Zotzil Tukuches. A fugitive came bearing to the
+     chiefs the news that they were to be slain: "Day after to-morrow
+     they will slay you. All the Quiche nation will come to slay and
+     destroy the people of the city, which they will enter by force;
+     truly their entry will be terrible, for they are many more than
+     eight thousand or sixteen thousand men." Thus spoke this fugitive
+     when he arrived among the Cakchiquels. The chiefs immediately
+     assembled in council and said: "Listen! It is a good thing that we
+     are to measure ourselves against the Quiches." Thus spoke the
+     chiefs. Immediately they sent forth messengers. One division of the
+     people formed and went forth to meet the Quiches, and the
+     inhabitants alone went forth to battle. They went by the main road
+     to the summit of the mountain, burning everything on the way. They
+     met in conflict the battalions from Tibaqoy and Raxakan, and closed
+     the road to those of Galeah, of Pazaki uleuh and Ginoma.
+
+92. Tok xucavuh [c]a ri achiha chi [c]haa, chi pocob, chi tooh
+xa[c,]elavachim chic ok xkaul.
+
+     92. Then all the men took up their bows, their shields and various
+     weapons, awaiting the arrival of the enemies.
+
+
+_Ru camibal [c]a [c]iche vinak._
+
+     _The Destruction of the Quiches._
+
+93. Ki [c]a pacac ru xe cah xkah pe chuvi huyu, cani [c]a xboz ci[c]
+yuyub, cani navipe xpae ru lakam, x[t]ahan [c]a cubak, [c]habi tun,
+xivac. Kitzih ti xibin ok xka pe [c]eche vinak.[TN-22] hucumah xka pe chi
+[c]otoh, xmukutah yan ri [c]otoh, xka chipe xe huyu, ki na [c]a xul chu
+chi ya, celahay ya, xavi [c]a tzekel pe ahauh Tepepul Yztayul, xavi
+rachbilam pe ru [c]abouil. Tok xpe [c]a ul ri ramonel chirih, kitzih
+tixibin ok xpe ul, cani x[t]ahan ci[c] yuyuh, cubak, [c]habitun, xivac,
+xu[c]ut ru puz, ru naval achiha: cani [c]a xu cahmah [c]echevinak, mani
+chic x[c]ulelaan, cani xpaxin rij xyaar chi camic [c]echevinak, maqui
+ahilam xcam. Quere[c]a x[c]ace xtelecheex xquiya quij, ahaua Tepepul
+Yztayul xuya ri qui [c]abouil. Quere[c]a ru [t]alel achij, rahpop achi
+ru mam ru [c]ahol ahauh ahxit ahpuvak, ah[c,]ib, ah[c]ot, ronohel
+achiha, kitzih xyaar chicamic, mahilam maqui xahu chuvy, ca chuvy chi
+[c]eche vinak xu cam ka Cakchiquel, oher, quecha ka tata ka mama,
+yxnu[c]ahol; ha[c]a ahauh Oxlahuh [c,]ij, Cablahuh Tihax he navipe
+Vooymox, Rokelba[c,]in xebano maquina xaquere x[t]a[t]ar huyu chi
+Yximchee.
+
+     93. When the dawn appeared, they (the Quiches) descended from the
+     hills, the cries and shouts of war broke forth, the banners were
+     displayed; then were heard the drums, the trumpets and the conches
+     of the combatants. Truly this descent of the Quiches was terrible.
+     They advanced rapidly in rank, and one might see afar off their
+     bands following one another, descending the mountain. They soon
+     reached the banks of the river, the houses by the water. They were
+     followed by the chiefs Tepepul and Iztayul, accompanying the god.
+     Then it was that the battalions met. Truly the encounter was
+     terrible. The cries and the shouts, the noise of the drums, the
+     trumpets and the conches resounded, mingled with the enchantments
+     of the heroes. The Quiches were routed in all directions, not one
+     fought, they were put to flight and delivered over to death, and no
+     one could count their slain. A great number of them were taken
+     prisoners, together with the kings Tepepul and Iztayul, who
+     delivered up their god. Thus the Galel-achi, the Ahpop-achi, the
+     grandson and son of the chief jeweler, the treasurer, the secretary
+     and the chief engraver and all the people were put to the sword.
+     The Quiches who were then killed by the Cakchiquels were not
+     counted by eight thousand or sixteen thousand; so said our fathers
+     and ancestors, O my children. Such were the deeds of the kings
+     Oxlahuh Tzy and Cablahuh Tihax, as also of Vooymox and Rokelbatzin.
+     Thus, and not otherwise, did they make glorious the city of
+     Iximche.
+
+
+_Ru camibal chic ahauh Y[c]hal vae_ (_Amolac, Lahuh Noh, Chicumcuat_).
+
+     _The Death of the Chief Ychal_ (_Amolac, Lahuh Noh, and
+     Chicumcuat_).
+
+94. [c]atan ru la[t]abem ok Akahal vinak ri chuvi tinamit chi Holom
+[t]u[t]u huyu [c]ax[c]an ha[c]a tan tahauar ri Y[c]hal Amolac, xa[c]axbe
+boy chij xka ruma qui camahel ahaua Oxlahuh [c,]ij, Cablahuh Tihax,
+xucheex: Ti pe tah rachihilal ahauh vican nu mama, ka hunamah chic ka
+[c]ha, ka pocob ru[c]in, ha ri [c]eche vinak mixrah nu tih chic labal
+chirih nu civan nu tinamit, mi [c]a xnuban richin chi [c]eche vinak; ka
+tiha chi [c]a labal ru[c]in, ti [c]iz pe ul rachihilal ahauh, xucheex
+tok xboy chiix Y[c]hal. Cani [c]a xhique ru [c]ux ahauh: Utzan chirichin
+Ahpoco[c,]il, Ahpoxahil, ti[c]il vachihilal ti[c]iz be ronohel
+vachihilal, yn [c]a nun quibe, tibe vetamahel huyu Cakchiquel, tibe
+kabanael labal cu[c]in vica[t] nu mam, cani xcha ahauh Y[c]hal chique
+camahal.
+
+     94. Meanwhile the Akahals occupied the towns Holom, Guguhuyu and
+     Qaxqan, having for king Ychal Amollac. Messengers were sent to him
+     by the kings Oxlahuh tzii and Cablahuh Tikax, with the order that
+     he should come down, and they said: "Let the bravery of the king be
+     made manifest to our ancients, let us measure with him our bows and
+     our shields. The Quiches wished to try their arms against our
+     ravine and our city, and we have dealt with the Quiches. Let us now
+     try this one in war; let the king come and show his valor." Thus
+     did they say and sent this word to Ychal. The heart of the king was
+     soon resolved. "Let it be according to the desire of the
+     Ahpozotzils and Ahpoxahils. I will increase my strength and I will
+     go and show them all my valor. I will go alone; I will see what is
+     the place of the Cakchiquels; I will go down to make war with the
+     descendants of my grandfather." Thus spoke the king Ychal to the
+     messengers.
+
+95. Cani [c]a xequicot ahaua tok xel pe ru tzihol ahauh Y[c]hal, cani
+xquipopoh quitzih ahaua chirih Y[c]hal: Utz mixpe cani ti ka chup ru
+vach maqui ti kelecah chic kivi [c]axto[c] chi Y[c]hal, xecha ahaua cani
+xhique ru camic cuma ka mama--Hunahpu [c,]ian, Nimacahay, Ahci[c]ahuh,
+[c]hooc Tacatic, [c,]imahi Piaculcan, Xumak Cham, xcak vachitah ruma
+ulamach puvaka, raponic xehuna cauh.
+
+     95. The chiefs rejoiced when the words of Ychal reached them, and
+     the chiefs took counsel in words against Ychal: "It is well that he
+     be hidden from the light, that we disobey not the Demon on account
+     of Ychal." Thus spoke the princes. Then his death was resolved upon
+     by our ancestors--Hunahpu Tzian, Nimazahay, Ahciqahuh, Qhooc
+     Tacatic, Tzimahi Piaculcan and Xumak Cham, who were envious of his
+     person on account of the riches that he had, and the height to
+     which he had raised his courage.
+
+96. Tok xpe [c]a ul ahauh Y[c]hal, tzatz rachihilal xpe naual ahauh [c]a
+ri Y[c]hal, xcha can ru pixa chi rochoch: Vue quinul vue maqui chic
+quinul, vue yn camel; vae xquibe xcha can ahauh. Ok xpe ul cani xuna
+ahauh, ki [c]a tel pe cakli[c]ahol ri ahauh; tok xuna, xcha: Ti[c,]eta
+na [c,]ak, chun cakcab quixbanon quix vikon baka ki xbicah ki chuvach
+Co[c,]il Tukuchee, xcha chique rachihilal. Quere[c]a ok xtzolih [c]hakap
+ru hay ru chinamit, tok relic chic ahauh lahuh Noh.
+
+     96. Then the king Ychal went forth, and a great number of
+     distinguished warriors went with the king. He was profound in
+     knowledge, and he left these words to his house: "Whether I return,
+     or whether I do not return, my death is at hand." The king
+     departed, saying these words. When it was known that the king was
+     on the road, the people came to carry him on their shoulders. When
+     he heard them he said: "Look to your walls; look to your lime and
+     your war paint; be prepared and your arms at hand, that you appear
+     not cast down before the Zotzil Tukuches." Thus he spoke to his
+     warriors, and they returned in midway to their houses and villages.
+     The chief came on the day 10th Noh.
+
+97. Xa [c]a [c]elavachiym chic ok xul pa tinamit chi Yximchee,
+hiquilibem chic ru camic, banoninak chic achiha tok xul; pan pop [c]a
+xtakevi ok xul; xaki xrulibeh tok xcam ahauh ru[c]in ronohel rachihilal:
+xchapol richin ri yacol cu[c]i ya, tok xoc apon, xe yaar chicamic Akahal
+vinak. Quere[c]a rucamic Y[c]hal Amolac ri chi Yximchee. Va[c]a quibi
+rachihilale, ri xecam ru[c]in, he nimak achiha: Coroch, Hukahic,
+Tameltoh, Huvarahbix, Vail[c]ahol, queucheex, he [t]a[t]alah tak achiha,
+[c]iy [c]a chubinem achiha xcam. Quere[c]a rukahic tinamit chi Holom, ri
+[c]iy [c]a [c]ovi Akahal vinak chuvi tinamit, [c]ax[c]an, Ralabal Y[c],
+[t]u[t]uhuyu, Vukucivan. Xavi [c]ax [c]iz cam chic ri ronohel tinamit
+cuma ahaua Oxlahuh [c,]iy, Cablahuh Tihax, xrah [c]a ru la[t]abeh chic,
+Xerahapit, ru kaxba chi chic Akahal vinak, [c]a chiri [c]a xto[t]e vi ru
+camic.
+
+     97. His face was sorrowful as he entered the city of Iximche, where
+     they were consulting of his death. It had been decided upon by the
+     chiefs when he came. At his arrival he was called to the council,
+     but no sooner was he entered than he was slain, and his brave
+     companions with him. His cup bearer was seized as soon as he
+     entered, and was slain, as of the Akahal nation. Thus perished
+     Ychal Amolac at Iximche. These are the names of the warriors who
+     perished with him, all distinguished men: Zoroch, Hukahic,
+     Tameltoh, Huvurahbix, Vailgahol; thus they were called, these noble
+     men, who went forth to die with him. Thus it came that the city of
+     Holom was conquered, as also the towns of Qaxqan, Ralabalyq,
+     Guguhuyu and Vukucivan, where dwelt many people of the Akahal
+     nation. All the towns finished by yielding to the arms of the kings
+     Oxlahuh tzy and Cablahuh Tihax. Desiring to repeople Xerahapit, the
+     Akahal nation were transferred there, and there they bewailed their
+     dead.
+
+
+_Ru camibal chic Caoke vae._
+
+     _The Death of Caoke._
+
+98. Paraxtunya, Belehe[t]ih rubi ahauh. Xax rach[c]ul chijh ahauh Voo
+Caok, Ah[c,]iquinahay; xa xucolrih labal Caoke, labal ru [c]ux. Cani
+xuban ru [c]oxtun ru [c]otoh, [t]a[t]al chic xraho ahauh Belehe [t]ih:
+tok xecha [c]a ahaua Oxlahuh [c,]ij, Cablahuh Tihax, ok xa[c]a xax ru
+tzihol qui colbol labal: ki vi pe chi ytzel ru [c]ux chi Ah[c,]iquinahay
+chi Belehe [t]ih, tan qui ru col chuvih chi nu vach, mi xu[c]am
+[t]a[t]al chu [c]ux chi Caoke utz ka bana labal ru[c]in, xecha ahaua.
+Cani [c]a xhique ru camic Caoke, xbe achiha camicay richin, kitzih [c]a
+achih Caoke, ru nah xcam, [c]a roxlah xka ru tinamit, xutih ru [t]ih
+Caoke oxlahuh chi[t]ih, xban tzaloh, ok xka tinamit Paraxtunya cuma ka
+mama Oxlahuh [c,]ij, Cablahuh Tihax, xcaminak ok [c]a ronohel ri
+mixkabijh can.
+
+     98. At Paraxtunya, Belehe gih by name was chief. He had made an
+     alliance with the chief Voocaok, the Ahtziquinahay. Caoke was
+     inclined to war, and war was in his heart. Having built a
+     stronghold with ditches, Belehe gih desired the supreme power. The
+     kings Oxlahuh tzy and Cablahuh Tihax learning these preparations
+     for war, said: "Truly there is an evil mind in the chiefs
+     Ahtziquinahay and Belehe gih. They have turned war toward us, and
+     the chief Caoke has already in his heart assumed the supreme
+     power. Let us give them war." So said the chieftains, and from that
+     time the death of Caoke was resolved upon. Warriors set out to slay
+     him. But Caoke was brave, and, far from yielding, thirteen times he
+     descended from his town and for thirteen days endeavored to save
+     his life. Finally the town of Paraxtunya having been assaulted, it
+     was captured by our ancestors Oxlahuh tzy and Cablahuh Tihax, who
+     put to death all whom we have named.
+
+
+_Tok xban [c]a yuhuh chi Yximche._
+
+     _Then the Revolt Took Place at Iximche._
+
+99. Vae xa vuleuh ri ru xe [c]haoh xtiquer Akahal vinak qui [c]ulel
+Tukuchee; xax [c]ot cavex Akahal vinak cuma Tukuchee; cani [c]a xchapo
+ri x[t]acin ri vinak tok x[c]ot avex, tzam Chi[c]ib xban vi oher ruma
+vinak.
+
+     99. A question of land was the real cause of the struggle, when the
+     Akahals strove with the Tukuches, because the harvests of the
+     Akahals had been destroyed by the Tukuches. Those who beat the
+     persons injuring the harvests were seized at the point of Chiqib,
+     the place where this took place among those men of old.
+
+100. Xa[c]a [t]ana vinakil quichin ahaua Cablahuh Tihax, Oxlahuh [c]ij
+ruma Tukuchee, ruma Akahal vinak, ha[c]a tan cahaual Tukuchee ri Cay
+Hunahpu ru bi, atzih vinak Cavek, he navipe ri ahaua [c]iria Yyu,
+Tox[c]om Noh qui bi; xa[c]a xret vachih ru [t]a[t]al ri ahauh Cay
+Hunahpu, xa [c]iy ral ru[c]ahol, xa[c]a maqui xya Akahal vinak chi camic
+chirichin ruma Ahpopco[c,]il Ahpopxahil, camel tah Akahal vinak chu
+[c]ux Cay Hunahpu; quere[c]a xebe vi chirih ahauh Cablahuh Tihax,
+Oxlahuh [c,]ij ruma Cay Hunahpu, xax ru[c]in vi [c]a xcako ruvach chire
+Ahpopco[c,]il Ahpopxahil, xata ruyon xahauar xraho ahauh. Tok xnimatah
+[c]a [c]haoh cuma ahaua, ha ahauh Cay Hunahpu ki xahoon ru banic yuhuh,
+ha [c]ari ahauh Cay Hunahpu kitzih labal ru[c]ux, xax maqui chivi xraho
+ahauh xelahibex ruvach cuma ahaua, Oxlahuh [c,]ij, Cablahuh Tihax, xa
+nima tahinak chic ahauh, tok xelahibex ruvach, he maqui yuhuh cahoom
+ahaua al[c]ahol, pokon xquina; quere[c]a kitzih xibin ri quichin ahaua
+xuna Cay Hunahpu xax maqui chivi xraho x[t]il.
+
+     100. The judges in this affair were the kings Cablahuh Tihax and
+     Oxlahuh tzy, for the Tukuches; and for the Akahals, the Tukuche
+     chief called Cay Hunahpu, the head chief Cavek, and the chiefs
+     Qiriayu and Toxqomnoh. One could see in Cay Hunahpu the demeanor of
+     supreme power, and he had many vassals; but the Ahpopzotzils and
+     the Ahpopxahils refused to deliver up to him the Akahals to be
+     slain. For already in his heart Cay Hunahpu had resolved to destroy
+     the Akahals. For this reason there was a revolt against Cablahuh
+     Tihax and Oxlahuh tzy, by the instigation of Cay Hunahpu; for this
+     chief disliked the Ahpopzotzil and the Ahpopxahil, and would have
+     liked to rule alone. Thus the revolt spread among the chiefs. The
+     chief Cay Hunahpu desired the revolt; for this chief Cay Hunahpu
+     had resolved in his heart the revolt, and he could not be satisfied
+     until he had forced the kings Oxlahuh tzy and Cablahuh Tihax to
+     humble themselves that he might become great. Then these princes
+     did humble themselves, that there should not be a conflict between
+     their people, and they grieved deeply. Thus did Cay Hunahpu
+     frighten these two kings; but he could not be satisfied without
+     using violence.
+
+101. Tok x[c]hique [c]a [t]ih xbanvi yuhuh ruma ahauh Cay Hunahpu, ha
+chi hulahuh Ah xban yuhuh: tok xuhuruh [c]a el rij Tukuchee pa tinamit
+[c]haka ya xbe ti [c]e vi el ronohel [c]a rachihilal Tukuchee, xoquiben
+tinamit; maqui [c]a xcaho rachihilal ahauh Cablahuh Tihax Oxlahuh
+[c,]ij; xa hu [c]hob achiha xcha[t]obem quitzih ahaua ah Xechipeken,
+rahpop achi Cinahitoh ru bi achi tan tachihir chiri Xechipeken.
+
+     101. The day of the revolt was appointed by this chief, Cay
+     Hunahpu, and on this day, 11th Ah, the revolt broke out. Then the
+     Tukuches were drawn out of the city, to the other side of the
+     river, and all the Tukuche warriors went there also, that they
+     might enter the city; but the warriors of the kings Cablahuh Tihax
+     and Oxlahuh tzy opposed them. One division of warriors was enough
+     to drive them off, encouraged by the words of the kings, a division
+     from Xechipeken; and these of Xechipeken, with their ruler the
+     counselor Cinahitoh, distinguished themselves by their bravery.
+
+
+_Ru camibal Tukuchee va kitzih xyaar chi camic._
+
+     _The Destruction of the Tukuches, who were, in fact, Massacred._
+
+102. Ki [c]a ti pacatah ru xecah chi hulahuh Ah xboz pe Tukuchee [c]haka
+tinamit, cani x[t]ahan ru cubak, ru [c]habi tun ahauh Cay Hunahpu,
+vikital chi tooh, chi tunatiuh [t]u[t], chi tunatiuh [c]ubul, chi
+[c]alvach puak abah. Ok xboz pe [c]haka ya, kitzih tixibin maqui ahilam
+chi Tukuchee, mani xahu chuvy, ca chuvy. Tok xtiquer [c]a tzaloh chuvach
+tinamit tzam [t]am, x[c]ulu vi ri labal ha[c]a Chucuyba[c,]in [c]amol
+yuhuh cuma Tukuchee; xa[c]a e cahi chi yxoki xevik chi achcayupil qui
+[c]ha xqui[c]exevachibeh labal, hunelic rucahichal ral; qui [c]ha xoc
+chuva ru pop Chucuyba[c,]in ruma achiha: tixibin chi nima yuhuh xquiban
+ahaua oher; ha [c]amol tzaloh [c]ate xqui[c]ut chic qui tiohil yxoki
+chuvach pa Co[c,]il pa Xahil [c,]ak xeel vi yxoki; kina xeel pe chiri
+tok xboz chi[c]a hu [c]hob pa nima bey chi nima [c]otoh, ruyon [c]a
+achiha ri ah Tiba[c]oy, ah Raxakan hucumah [c]a xpaxel ri pa nima bey;
+xa cay xutzak can ri ok xpaxel, ha[c]a ri xka ul [c]haka tinamit xyaloh
+tzaloh, ha[c]a xramon ri rahpop achi Cinahitoh ah Xechipeken.
+
+     102. When the dawn appeared on the day 11th Ah, the Tukuches began
+     on the opposite side from the city, and the drums and trumpets of
+     the chief Cay Hunahpu were heard. Then the warriors armed, and
+     displayed their brilliant feathers and shining banners, and gold
+     and precious stones. Then it began on the other side of the river,
+     and truly it was terrible for the number of the Tukuches, who could
+     not be counted by eight thousands nor by sixteen thousands. The
+     battle began before the city, at the end of the bridge where
+     Chucuybatzin, placed at the head of the struggle by the Tukuches,
+     had brought the fighting. There were four women who had armed
+     themselves with lances and bows, and taken part in the battle,
+     fully equal to four young men. The arrows launched by these
+     heroines struck the very mat of Chucuybatzin. Truly it was a
+     terrible revolt which the chiefs made of old. The chiefs of the
+     battle afterwards set up the images of these women before the
+     buildings of the Zotzils and the Xahils, whence these women had
+     gone forth. As they departed, there suddenly appeared a division
+     in the high road near the deep trenches. It rapidly scattered the
+     warriors of Tibaqoy and Raxakan on the high road. Only two of the
+     men fell in this encounter, and he who led them beyond the city to
+     prolong the combat was the same who had gained the previous
+     victory, the counselor Cinahitoh of Xechipeken.
+
+103. Tok xpe [c]a ramonel chirih Tukuchee, cani [c]a xucahmah mani chic
+x[c]ulelaan canih xpaxin rij, xyaar achiha, xyaar yxok aqual chi camic,
+xuyari ahauh Cay Hunahpu, xuya [c]a ri ahauh [c,]iriniyu, Tox[c]om Noh,
+ronohel [c]a ru mam ahauh ru [c]ahol ahauh. Cani[c]a xbe [c]eche ri Ah
+Tiba[c]oy, Ah Raxakan, xbe [c]a [c,]utuhil [c]hakap, xhito [c]a ri
+ronohel chucochol al[c]ahol, xpaxin ri ronohel. Quera[c]a tok xyaar
+Tukuchee ri oher, yxnu[c]ahol, he[c]a ka maa Oxlahuh[c,]ij, Cablahuh
+Tihax xebano, chi hulahuh Ah, [c]a xban xpax Tukuchee.
+
+     103. Then began a general attack on the Tukuches; they were cut to
+     pieces at once; no one resisted; the rout was complete; men, women
+     and children were given up to slaughter. The chief Cay Hunahpu was
+     slain; the chiefs Tziriniyu and Toxqom Noh all perished, as well as
+     their fathers and children. Immediately those of Tibaqoy and
+     Raxakan retired, partly to Quiche, partly among the Tzutuhils. They
+     mingled with their subjects and were thus dispersed. Such was the
+     destruction of the Tukuches, in old times, O my children. It was
+     our ancestors Oxlahuh tzy and Cablahuh Tihax who, on the day 11th
+     Ah, undertook and accomplished the dispersion of the Tukuches.
+
+104. Ru hulahu vinak ok [c]a tiban yuhuh, ok xrah cam chic Ah Tiba[c]oy,
+ruma [c]echevinak, haok xbe tiqeel Tukuchee Chiavar, xyaar [c]eche vinak
+chi camic chiri, xtzak can Yaxon [c,]ui ru bi, chi belehe Caok.
+
+     104. Thirty-one days after the revolt, as the Quiches desired to
+     destroy those of Tibaqoy, these Tukuches removed to Chiavar and put
+     to death the Quiches, who yielded in a battle at a place named
+     Yaxontzui, on the day 9th Caok.
+
+105. Ru vaklahu vinak, ok tiban yuhuh, xcam chic Cinahitoh, xax rah
+rumah ahauh atzih vinak Ahmoxnay, xa ruyon chi Chinahitoh xax rah y[c]o
+ru [t]a[t]al chi qui vi ahaua, quere[c]a xyaar vi Cinahitoh ri [c]iy
+chubinem achiha xcam pa tinamit chi hulahuh Can xban.
+
+     105. On the 36th day after the revolt Cinahitoh perished, because
+     he coveted the position of the orator Ahmoxnay. Cinahitoh wished to
+     exercise the power alone, above the chieftains, therefore Cinahitoh
+     was condemned by all the chiefs, and his death was carried into
+     effect in the city on the day 11th Can.
+
+106. Xlauheh oktel huna yuhuh xhi[c,]ax chic ahauh atzih vinak Ahmoxnay,
+chi hulahuh Akbal, xa xuhaeh coboyel ahaua, ha xcam ri ahauh.
+
+     106. One year less ten days after the revolt was hanged the chief
+     orator Ahmoxnay on the day 11th Akbal. This chief perished because
+     he had stopped the messengers of the ruler.
+
+Chi vahxaki Ah xel huna yuhuh.
+
+     The day 8 Ah was one year after the Revolt.
+
+107. Xa[c]a halachic matel ru caba ru camic Tukuchee, ok xcam chic
+[c,]utuhile pa Cakcab, ha chi hun Ahmak; xyaar chic [c,]utuhile chi
+camic, xqui ya qui ahaua Nahtihay, Ah[c]ibihay; xa [c]a ha chic maqui xu
+ya ri ahauh Vookaok Ah[c,]iquinahay, ha chic xtzain ru [c]ux chirih
+Cakchiquel.
+
+     107. It was not much less than two years after the defeat of the
+     Tukuches, when the Tzutuhils were defeated at Zakcab on the day 1st
+     Ahmak. The Tzutuhils were cut to pieces and their rulers Nahtihay
+     and Ahqibihay were slain. Only Vookaok, the Ahtziquinahay, could
+     not be conquered, and he tried his fortune against the Cakchiquels.
+
+Chi voo Ah xel ru caba ru banic yuhuh.
+
+     The day 5 Ah was two years after the Revolt.
+
+Chi cay Ah xel oxi huna ru banic yuhuh.
+
+     The day 2 Ah was three years after the Revolt.
+
+108. Ha chi oxi Queh xban chic yuhuh [c]eche, xbe ru [c]ul vachih chi el
+Tukuchee yuhuh chiri [c]iche.
+
+     108. On the day 3 Queh there was a revolt in Quiche. The Tukuches
+     went to take part, and joined in the revolt in Quiche.
+
+Cablahuh Ah xel ru cah huna yuhuh.
+
+     The day 12 Ah completed the fourth year after the Revolt.
+
+109. Chupam voo huna xcam chic Ah Mixcu tzukul richin ahauh Cablahuh
+Tihax xax rah ru [t]a[t]aricah ri; chi Vuku Camey, xka ru tinamit Ah
+Mixcu, xyaar chi camic ruma achiha.
+
+     109. During the fifth year those of Mixco were put to death; being
+     tributaries of the king Cablahuh Tihax, they wished to make
+     themselves independent. On the day 7 Camay, the town of Mixco was
+     taken and its inhabitants slain by the chiefs.
+
+110. Ok xcam chi[c]a Yaqui Ah Xivicu, xax rach [c]ul chijh ahauh voo
+kaok rahaual Akahal vinak, haok xti[c]e chic chuvach huyu, Akahal vinak,
+xrah [t]a[t]ar chic chiri.
+
+     110. At the same time were put to death the Yaquis of Xivico,
+     because they had taken part with the king Vookaok, Chief of the
+     Akahals, this nation of the Akahals having begun to lift itself
+     before the town, desiring to obtain power.
+
+111. Va[t]ih ok [c]atel Voo rubanic yuhuh ok xcam chic Akahal vinak
+chuvach huyu, xaxrah [t]a[t]ar chic ahauh chu vach huyu.
+
+     111. Six days were wanting to complete five years from the revolt
+     when the Akahals were cut in pieces before the town, with their
+     king, because they wished to be independent of the town.
+
+Chi belehe Ah, xel voo huna rubanic yuhuh.
+
+     The 9 Ah completed the fifth year after the Revolt.
+
+Vakaki Ah, xel ruvakah yuhuh.
+
+     The 6 Ah completed the sixth year after the Revolt.
+
+Chi oxi Ah, xel ruvuk huna yuhuh.
+
+     On the 3 Ah there were seven years from the Revolt.
+
+112. Chupam ruvahxak huna yuhuh xcam chic [c,]utuhile, ruma ah Xeynup,
+Xepalica, xe yaar vi chicamic, xtzak can Cakbin Ahmak chi oxlahuh Ahmak.
+
+     112. In the eighth year after the revolt, the Tzutuhils were
+     defeated by those of Xeynup and Xepalica; they were slaughtered,
+     Zakbin and Ahmak having perished in the action on the day 13 Ahmak.
+
+Chi oxlahuh Ah, xel vahxaka yuhuh.
+
+     On the day 13 Ah there were eight years from the revolt.
+
+Chi lahuh Ah, xel ru beleh huna.
+
+     On 10 Ah there were nine years from the revolt.
+
+113. Cablauheh oktel lauha yuhuh ok xi[c]o pokob Cakchiquel ruma ahauh
+kamama Oxlahuh [c,]ij, kitzih chi nima [t]a[t]al xban xul ronohel vuk
+ama[t] chi Yximchee, chi vahxaki Ymox xban.
+
+     113. Twelve days were lacking to complete the tenth year after the
+     revolt when the Cakchiquels put on their shields on account of the
+     king our ancestor, Oxlahuh tzy; for truly he showed great power in
+     making all the seven nations come to Iximche, which he did on the
+     day 8 Imox.
+
+Chi vuku Ah, ru lauha rubanic yuhuh.
+
+     The day 7 Ah completed the tenth year after the Revolt.
+
+Chi cahi Ah, xel ru hulauha.
+
+     On 4 Ah there were eleven years from the Revolt.
+
+Chi Hun ah, ru cablauha.
+
+     On 1 Ah there were twelve years.
+
+Chi hulahuh Ah [c]axel roxlauha yuhuh (Ahpoco[c,]il).
+
+     On 11 Ah there were thirteen years from the revolt (of the
+     Ahpozotzils).
+
+114. Oxlahuh [c,]iquin xcam xo[t]ohauh Vooqueh ri xhaylah Lahuh Tihax ru
+[c]ahol [c]ikab. Xa[c]a hala chic matel cahlauha yuhuh ok xcam ahauh
+Oxlahuh [c,]ij, ka mama; chi oxi Ahmak xcam ahauh, kitzih chi tixibin ru
+[t]a[t]al chia ahauh, manix [c]hacatah vi ru [t]ih ralaxic, [c]i ya
+labal xuban, [c]iya tinamit xukacah tok xcam. He chi [c]a xeru [c]aholah
+ahauh ree:--
+
+     114. On the day 13 Tziquin died the princess Vooqueh who had
+     married Lahuh Tihax, son of Qikab. Little was lacking to complete
+     the fourteenth year after the Revolt when the king our ancestor
+     Oxlahuh tzy also died. He died on the day 13 Ahmak. Truly this king
+     had made himself feared by his power; never was his power or his
+     grandeur diminished; he undertook many wars and conquered many
+     cities. These are the children he  begat:--
+
+115. Huny[t], rubi nabey ru[c]ahol, ha[c]a xoc chi ahauarem ok xcam
+ahauh Oxlahuh [c,]ij ru tata, ronohel tzih cahi chi ama[t] ok xahauar
+ahauh Huny[t]. Vakaki Ahmak ru bi ru cam al; Noh [c]a voxal; Belehe[c]at
+ru cahal; Ymox voo al; Noh ruvakakal. Maku X[t]uhay rubi xo[t]ohauh
+xixhayl ahauh Oxlahuh [c,]ij; xae oxi xeralah, ha nabey ri ahauh
+Huny[t]; he [c]a cay yxoc huhun [c]a qui te ri [c]hakap ru [c]ahol
+ahauh, xa ri xnam ahauh xalan ri Belehe[c]at.
+
+     115. Hunyg was the name of his first son, and he obtained the power
+     when the king Oxlahuh tzy his father died, and all four of the
+     tribes gave their consent that Hunyg should be chief. Vakaki Ahmak
+     was the name of the second son; Noh was the third; Beleheqat the
+     fourth; Imox the fifth, Maku Xguhay was the name of the queen, wife
+     of the king Oxlahuh tzy. She had three children, oldest of whom was
+     the king Hunyg. He had also two other wives, each of whom was
+     mother of part of the children of the king; and the mother of the
+     king (Hunyg) had also Beleheqat.
+
+Chi vahxaki Ah [c]axel ru cahlauha yuhuh.
+
+     The day 8 Ah completed the 14th year after the Revolt.
+
+116. Ok xcam chi[c]a ahauh Cablahuh Tihax; chi cahi Ey xcam ahauh.
+
+     116. Then died the king Cablahuh Tihax; this king died on the day 4
+     Ey.
+
+Voo Ah, [c]a xel rolauha rubanic yuhuh.
+
+     The day 5 Ah completed the 15th year after the revolt.
+
+117. Tok xahauar chi[c]a ahauh Lahuh Noh rubi, nabey ru [c]ahol ahauh
+Cablahuh Tihax. He [c]a xeulaan Yaqui Ah Culuvacan, ri ahauh Huny[t],
+Lahuh Noh; chi hun Toh xeul Yaqui ru camahel ahauh Modeccumatzin rahaual
+Ah Mexicu.
+
+     117. Then began also to reign the king Lahuh Noh, eldest son of the
+     king Cablahuh Tihax. At this time the Yaquis of Culuacan were
+     received by the kings Hunyg and Lahuh Noh. The Yaquis arrived on
+     the day 1 Toh, sent by the king Modeczumatzin, king of the
+     Mexicans.
+
+118. [c]a ha [c]a ki xka[c,]et ri oki xeul ri Yaqui Ah Culuvacan, he
+[c]iya Yaqui xeul oher, yxnu[c]ahol, tantahauar ka mama Huny[t] Lahuh
+Noh.
+
+     118. And we ourselves saw these Yaquis of Culuacan when they
+     arrived; and they came in old times in great number, these Yaquis,
+     O my children, during the reign of our ancestor Hunyg and Lahuh
+     Noh.
+
+Chi cay Ah, xel ru vaklauha ru banic yuhuh.
+
+     The day 2 Ah completed the 16th year after the Revolt.
+
+119. Chupam huna xoc chic labal chuvach [c]ichevinak, chi vahxaki
+[t]anel xoc [c]am [c]eche, tantahauar Huny[t] ka mama tan [c]a nima
+rahpop achi ymama chiri ok xoc labal [c]echee, yxnu[c]ahol, he[c]a ki
+xebano chic labal [c]iche ri y mama rahpop Achi Balam, rahpop achi
+Y[t]ich, ru [t]alel achi [c]atu, [c]iya camic [c]eche vinak cuma;
+maquina xaquere xe[t]a[t]ar ka tata ka mama.
+
+     119. During the year the war broke out afresh with the Quiches. On
+     the day 8 Ganel Quiche was entered and taken when Hunyg our
+     ancestor was ruling, a great counselor and ancient man, when the
+     war entered Quiche. O my children. Those who began this war at
+     Quiche were the old men, the counselor Balam, the counselor Ygich,
+     and the noble Qatu; and many Quiches perished through them. But not
+     thus did our fathers and ancestors acquire their power.
+
+Chi cablahuh Ah, xel ru vuklauha ru banic yuhuh.
+
+     The day 12 Ah completed the 17th year after the Revolt.
+
+Chi belehe Ah, xel chic vahxaklauha yuhuh.
+
+     The day 9 Ah completed the 18th year after the Revolt.
+
+120. Chupam chi[c]a huna ok xey[c]o chicop, xche chel ut, quere ri e ute
+chi oxi Caok xey[c]o oher pa tinamit chi Yximchee, kitzih tixibin chi
+chicop.
+
+     120. During this year the beasts and doves came out of the forests,
+     and on the day 3 Caok the doves passed over the city of Iximche,
+     and truly it was terrifying to see the beasts.
+
+121. [c]a vo vinak ok [c]a que y[c]o xche chel ut, ok xei[c]o chi[c]a
+ca[c]: chi cay Y[t] xey[c]o pa tinamit kitzih, que xibin chi ca[c]
+xey[c]o oher.
+
+     121. One hundred days after the doves had been seen to come from
+     the woods, the locusts came. It was on the day 2 Yg that they
+     passed over the city, and really it was terrifying to see them
+     pass.
+
+122. Xa ru beleh vinak chic ok x[c]at chi Yximchee, chi cahi Camey xyaar
+tinamit chi [t]a[t]. Tan mani ahauh Huny[t] ka mama, tan [c]o ka [c]haka
+ya, tane mani ka tata ka mama ok x[c]at tinamit xka [c,]et ronohel ri,
+yxnu[c]ahol.
+
+     122. About that time nine persons perished in a fire at Iximche; on
+     the day 4 Camey the city was injured by fire. The king Hunyg was at
+     the time absent on the other side of the river; our fathers and
+     ancestors were also absent. But when the city burned, we saw it
+     all, we, my children.
+
+Chi vahxaki Ah xel beleh lauha yuhuh.
+
+     The day 8 Ah completed the 19th year after the Revolt.
+
+123. Chupam [c]a huna ok xcam [c]eche vinak pa Co[c,]il ya cuma y mama;
+[c]iy nimak achiha xuyari, ok xquiban labal chiri.
+
+     123. During the year the Quiche men were destroyed near the river
+     of the Tzotzils, by our ancestors; a great number of other
+     principal men were conquered when this war occurred.
+
+124. Humul chi[c]a xe yaar [c]eche vinak xiquin chi pokoh, pa Mukche
+xeoc vi [c]eche vinak cuma, [c]iy nimak rahpop achij, ru [t]alel achi
+xuyari chiri, [c]iy [c]a ri [c]hutik camic xquiban tzatz teleche xoc pe
+cuma y mama.
+
+     124. The Quiches were again beaten and suffered loss at Mukche,
+     because they entered there. A great number of their principal
+     counselors and nobles were lost; many were put to death slowly, and
+     many were taken prisoners by our ancestors.
+
+Chi oxi Ah [c]a xel humay ru camic Tukuchee ru banic yuhuh.
+
+     The day 3 Ah completed one cycle after the death of the revolted
+     Tukuches.
+
+Ha[c]a chi oxlahuh Ah xel chic huna.
+
+     With the day 13 Ah, another year was completed.
+
+125. Chupam huna xi[c]o chic pokob chuvi Cakhay ruma ahauh Lahuh Noh,
+chi vahxaki [t]anel xla[t]abex [c,]ak, kitzih chi nima [t]a[t]al xquiban
+chic ahaua chiri, xul ronohel vuk ama[t], Huny[t], Lahuh Noh xebano he
+[c]atan quebano labal ri y mama, rahpop achi Balam rahpop achi Y[t]ich,
+ru [t]alel achi [c]atu.
+
+     125. During this year they took up their shields on the Cakhay on
+     account of the king Lahuh Noh. On the day 8 Ganel the fortress was
+     occupied and truly the chiefs made their great power felt. All
+     those of the seven nations came with Hunyg and Lahuh Noh, to make
+     war, and it was also made by the ancients, the Counselor Balam and
+     the Galel-achi Qatu.
+
+Xel [c]a ru caba chi lahuh Ah yuhuh.
+
+     A second year was completed on the day 10 Ah, after the Revolt.
+
+126. Chupam chi [c]a huna xecam chic [c]eche vinak cuma ka tata ka mama,
+chiree xquiban vi chi [c]otoh, chi [t]ocibal Cokolahay, xu[c]ul vachih
+ca[c]hob chi chay ru[c]in [c]eche vinak, haok xuyari ya Yaxontik ru
+[c]ahol ahauh Ahpoptuh, [c]iy [c]a nimak achiha xuyari, quere[c]a
+xe[t]a[t]ar vi y mama ri yxnu[c]ahol, [c]iy navipe teleche xoc pe
+chucohol ri nimak labal mixkabijh can.
+
+     126. During this year the Quiches were again defeated by our
+     fathers and ancestors. The battle was gained by the arms and the
+     bravery of those of Cokolahay, whose divisions met face to face the
+     leader of the Quiches and his warriors. There was slain Yaxonkik
+     son of the Prince Ahpoptuh. Many warriors were slain; therefore
+     great was the majesty of our ancestors, O my children; and they
+     also made many prisoners in this great war of which we speak.
+
+Chi vuku Ah xel roxa ru camay yuhuh.
+
+     On the day 7 Ah, was completed the third year of the second cycle
+     after the Revolt.
+
+Chi cahi Ah xel chic ru caha yuhuh.
+
+     On the day 4 Ah was completed the fourth year after the Revolt.
+
+127. Chupam [c]a voo huna, vae ok ixtiquer yauabil, yxnu[c]ahol, nabey
+xyabix ohb, ratzam xyavabix chi[c]a qui[c], [t]ana chuluh, kitzih
+tixibin chi camic xi[c]o oher. Haok xcam ahauh Vakaki Ahmak, xe [c]a
+hala chic ma tipe nima [t]ekum, nima a[t]a pa qui vi ka tata ka mama pa
+ka vi [c]a, yxnu[c]ahol, ok xyabix [c]hac.
+
+     127. In the course of the fifth year the pestilence began, O my
+     children. First there was a cough, then the blood was corrupted,
+     and the urine became yellow. The number of deaths at this time was
+     truly terrible. The Chief Vakaki Ahmak died, and we ourselves were
+     plunged in great darkness and great grief, our fathers and
+     ancestors having contracted the plague, O my children.
+
+Chi hun Ah xel humay voo yuhuh, ok xyabix [c]hac.
+
+     On the day 1 Ah there were one cycle and 5 years from the Revolt,
+     and the pestilence spread.
+
+128. Vae chupam huna xyauabix vi [c]hac, ha ok xe[c]iz chi camic ka tata
+ka mama Diego Juan; chi voo Ah [c]axoc chi vi labal Panatacat, cuma ka
+mama, ha[c]a ok xtiquer yavabil [c]hac. Kitzih tixibin chi camic xpe pa
+ru vi vinak, mani yabim viri quere ri x[c]hol vinak.
+
+     128. In this year the pestilence spread, and then died our ancestor
+     Diego Juan. On the day 5 Ah war was carried to Panatacat by our
+     ancestor, and then began the spread of the pestilence. Truly the
+     number of deaths among the people was terrible, nor did the people
+     escape from the pestilence.
+
+129. Xcavinak ok xtiquer yauabil, tok xecam ka tata ka mama, chi
+cablahuh Camey xcam ahauh Huny[t] yxiquin mama.
+
+     129. Forty were seized with the sickness; then died our father and
+     ancestor; on the day 14 Camey died the king Hunyg, your
+     grandfather.
+
+130. Xa[c]a ru cabih xcam chic ka tata rahpop Achi Balam ri y mama,
+yxnu[c]ahol; xa [c]a hunam xecam y mama ru[c]in ru tata ki tan ti
+chuvin, ti [c]ayin vinak chi camic. Tok xecam ka tata ka mama, xax be
+tzak chi el [c]hakap vinak chi civan, xa [c,]ij, xa [c]uch, xtiochic
+vinak; tixibin chi camic xecamican ymama, herach camic ru [c]ahol ahauh
+ru[c]in ru cha[t] ru nimal: quere[c]a xoh canah vi can chi mebail ri
+yxnu[c]ahol, [c]aoh ok [c]hutik [c]ahola, ok xoh canah can konohel.
+Rupoyibal alaxic.
+
+     130. But two days afterward died our father, the Counselor Balam,
+     one of the ancients, O my children. The ancients and the fathers
+     died alike, and the stench was such that men died of it alone. Then
+     perished our fathers and ancestors. Half the people threw
+     themselves into the ravines, and the dogs and foxes lived on the
+     bodies of the men. The fear of death destroyed the old people, and
+     the oldest son of the king died at the same time as his young
+     brother. Thus did we become poor, O my children, and thus did we
+     survive, being but a little child--and we were all that remained.
+     Hence the putting aside of our claims.
+
+
+_Quibi y mama vae xeru[c]aholah ahauh._
+
+     _Names of (our) Ancestors, Sons of the King._
+
+131. Rahpop achi Balam, rubi, nabey ru[c]ahol ahauh Huny[t], ha ki tanti
+[t]a[t]ar chi quivach ahaua, ok xpe nima camic [c]hac.
+
+     131. The counselor Balam, the oldest son of the king Hunyg, was
+     already distinguished before the face of the chieftains when he
+     died by the great plague.
+
+132. Ahmak rubi rucam al, ha ru[c]ahol can ri Don Pedro Solis. Tohin
+[c]a rox al, mani retal ri he [c]a xecam ru[c]in ahauh ri e oxi ka tata.
+
+     132. Ahmak was the name of the second son. His son is Don Pedro
+     Solis. Tohin was the third. There is no record of him, as he died
+     with the king and our three fathers.
+
+133. Ha [c]a ka tata Francisco rahpop achi [c,]ian rucah al.
+
+     133. Our father Francisco, the counselor Tzian, was the fourth son.
+
+134. Balam voo al, mani [c]a retal ri.
+
+     134. Balam was the fifth son; there is no record of him.
+
+135. Ah[c,]alam Hunahpu ru vakak al, he [c]a xecolotah chic ri he oxi ka
+tata ruma [c]hac; [c]aoh ok, ok [c]a [c]hutik konohel cu[c]in ok xoh
+canah, xka [c,]et [c]a ronohel ri yavabil, ix nu[c]ahol; ha [c]a ri rubi
+ka tit; nabey rixhayil ahauh Huny[t], Chuvy[c,]ut ru bi xo[t]ohauh, he
+oxi xerelah, ha ri ka tata, he[c]a ri ru tata Don Pedro Solis, mani [c]a
+ru [c]ahol rij Tohin: xcam [c]ari xo[t]ohauh Chuvy [c,]ut, xoc chipe
+xo[t]ohauh X[t]eka[c]uch A[c,]iquinahay, ha quite rahpop achi [c,]ian
+Balam, xa e cay ral.
+
+     135. Ahtzalam Hunahpu was the sixth son. He was saved from the
+     plague with our three other ancestors. As for us, we were then
+     little children, and we all escaped, and we saw all the pestilence,
+     O my children. These are the names of our female ancestors: the
+     first wife of king Hunyg was the queen Chuvytzut; she had three
+     sons, our father, the father of Don Pedro Solis, and Tohin, who
+     left no children. The queen Chuvytzut being dead, the queen
+     Xgekaqueh, the female Ahtziquinahay, took her place. She was the
+     mother of the Counselor Tzian Balam, and these were her two
+     children.
+
+136. [c]a vo vinak ok [c]a quecam ahaua Huny[t] Lahuhnoh, ok xechap chic
+ahaua Cahi Ymox Belehe[c]at, chi hun Can; xa[c]a hun chioc ri
+Belehe[c]at xcolotah, xa[c]a kayon chicoc a[c]uala mani hunchic ka tata
+xcolotah, [c]a e ok [c]hutik ri [c,]ian Balam, ri ki ok retal ahauh
+Huny[t]. Quere[c]a xahauar vi Belehe[c]at rij, xa huna [t]alel
+[c]amahay; chioc x[c]hao rahauarem maqui [c]a xrah raho ahauh atzih
+vinak Ba[c]ahol: vo quic chi ahauarem ri Belehe[c]at; hatah xoc chi
+ahauarem ri ka tata rahpop achi [c,]ian xraho ahauh atzih vinak
+Ba[c]ahol, quere[c]a roquic chi ahauarem ri.
+
+     136. A hundred days after the death of the kings Hunyg and Lahuh
+     Noh, there were elected as kings Cahi Ymox and Belehe Qat, on the
+     day 1 Can. For Belehe Qat alone remained. As for us we were little
+     boys and our elders did not choose any of us. Tzian and Balam, the
+     only other descendants of Hunyg, were also young. Belehe Qat was
+     therefore chosen to rule but only as heir apparent, the orator
+     Baqahol declaring that it was not proper that he should take the
+     supreme rule. The honor of the royalty was decreed to Belehe Qat;
+     but the orator Baqahol desired that the real chief should be our
+     ancestor Tzian; therefore he entered into power.
+
+
+_Xavi [c]a chupam ru vaka vae._
+
+     _What Took Place in the Sixth Year._
+
+137. [c]a huvinak ok [c]a que chap ahaua, ok xban yuhuh chi
+Ah[c,]iquinahay; chi lahuh Queh xban xeul coloel qui ahaua
+Ah[c,]iquinahay [c]icihay chi Yximchee ruma yuhuh, xul qui yaca el
+achiha.
+
+     137. Twenty days after the chiefs began to rule there was an
+     insurrection against the Ahtziquinahay. It occurred on the day 10
+     Queh, and the chiefs Ahtziquinahay and Qicihay went to Iximche on
+     account of the revolt, coming to raise soldiers.
+
+138. Xa[c]a ru cablah xcam chic ama[t] [c,]utuhile, ruma Co[c,]il
+Tukuchee chi hulahuh Ymox, xyaar [c,]utuhile chi camic, xeyaar
+Ah[c,]iquinahay, conohel tzatz chi teleche chicana, quere[c]a xit puak
+tixibin chi camic xuban [c,]utuhile, xka tinamit xepoyom. Cani [c]a
+xetzolih ka ahaua Tepepul Ah[c,]iquinahay [c,]icihay chi cochoch.
+
+     138. Twelve of the Tzutuhil villages were destroyed by the Tzotzil
+     Tukuches on the day 11 Ymox and the Tzutuhils were slain. Very many
+     were taken prisoners. Therefore the Tzutuhils in fear of death were
+     made to give up their treasures and the town of Xepoyom was taken.
+     Then returned the chiefs Tepepul Ahtziquinahay and Tzizihay to
+     their homes.
+
+139. Tok xebokotah chi [c]ape Ah Xecaka abah ronohel, xul colo chi el
+rij Cakchiquel, tzatz chi[c,]utuhile xel pe oher pa tinamit, he chi
+[c]arah xquiban labal chirih Ah [c,]iquinahay, Ah Pavacal, xrah
+cach[c]ul chijh chic cuma, xa[c]a xboy chijx achiha ruma Ah Pavacal.
+
+     139. At that time the people of Xecaka abah, all of whom had been
+     driven forth, were aided by the Cakchiquels. Many Tzutuhils also
+     came to the villages to make war against the Ahtziquinahay, and
+     those of Pacaval, and wished to join forces, their warriors having
+     been provoked by the people of Pacaval.
+
+140. Chi belehe Ba[c,], [c]a xban camic chuvi Lakanabah, pa Chitulul,
+mani [c]a nimak achiha xcanah. Xaki ruyon vinak Belehe[c]at, Cahi Ymox
+xebano.
+
+     140. On the day 9 Batz there was slaughter at the rock of Lakam at
+     Chitulul. Not many warriors took part. Only the men of Belehe qat
+     and Cahi Ymox were engaged.
+
+Chi hulahuh Ah, xel humay vaka yuhuh.
+
+     On the day 11 Ah there were 26 years from the Revolt.
+
+141. Mixka [c]iz can vae huna xeyaar vi katata ka mama ruma camic
+[c]hac.
+
+     141. Then was completed one year since our fathers and ancestors
+     died of the plague.
+
+142. Chupam huna ok xoh [c]ule ru[c]in xtee, yxnu[c]ahol, xhunabir ok
+quecam y mama; chi cablahuh Toh xoh [c]amo yxok.
+
+     142. In this year we married your mother, O my children, one year
+     after the death of your grandfather. We took her to wife on the day
+     12 Toh.
+
+Chi vahxaki Ah xel ru vuka vuhuh.
+
+     On the day 8 Ah was completed the 7th year from the Revolt.
+
+143. Chupam huna xorotah vi labal [c]echee, [c]a ru hulauha xorotah
+labal [c]echee.
+
+     143. During this year the Quiche war ceased; the Quiche war ceased
+     on the 11th.
+
+Chi voo Ah xel humay vahxaka.
+
+     On the day 5 Ah was the eighth year of the first cycle.
+
+
+_Culibal Castilan vinak Xetulul vae._
+
+     _The Arrival of the Castilians at Xetulul._
+
+144. Va[c]a te chupam huna ok ki xeul Castilan vinak; xcavinak ok
+rubeleha, ok xeul Castilan vinak Xepit Xetulul; chi hun [t]anel xcam
+[c]echevinak chiri ruma Castilan vinak, Tunatiuh Avilantaro rubi,
+cahaual ri ki xkacan ronohel ama[t]; mahaok tetamax vi quivach [c]a
+tahinok ti [t]ihalox chee, abah.
+
+     144. It was during this year that the Castilians arrived.
+     Forty-nine years have passed since the Castilians came to Xepit and
+     Xetulul. On the day 1 Ganel the Quiches were destroyed by the
+     Castilians. Tunatiuh Avilantaro, as he was called, conquered all
+     the towns. Their countenances were previously unknown and the
+     people rendered homage to sticks and stones.
+
+145. Xul chi[c]a Xelahub, xeyaar chic [c]eche vinak chi camic chiri, tok
+xbokotah chi[c]a el [c]eche vinak, ronohel [c]ulelaay richin Castilan
+vinak, okix yaar chic [c]eche vinak chuvach pe Xelahub.
+
+     145. On their arrival at Xelahub, the Quiche nation was routed and
+     destroyed. All of them had hastened there to oppose the Castilians;
+     and there the Quiche nation was destroyed, in front of Xelahub.
+
+146. Tok xul [c]a ha tinamit [t]umarcaah, cani [c]a x[c]ul cuma ahaua
+ahpop ahpop [c]amahay, cani xya patan ruma [c]eche vinak; xa[c]a cani
+xeoc ahaua pa [c]hi[c]h ruma Tunatiuh.
+
+     146. He then went to the city Gumarcaah, and there came before him
+     the chiefs, the king and the next in rank, and tribute was paid by
+     the Quiches; and the chiefs suffered many torments from Tunatiuh.
+
+147. Chi cahi [c]at [c]a xepe rox ahaua ahpop, ahpop [c]amahay ruma
+Tunatiuh, maqui y[c]o vinak ru [c]ux Tunatiuh chi labal. Cani [c]a xpe
+ru camahel Tunatiuh cu[c]in ahaua, takol richin achiha: tipe ul
+rachihilal Ahpoco[c,]il Ahpoxahil, tu camican [c]eche vinak, xcha ru
+camahel Tunatiuh chique ahaua. Cani [c]a xtakex ru tzih Tunatiuh, ok xbe
+[c]a vomu[c]h achiha camicay richin [c]echevinak, xa[c]a ruyon ahtinamit
+xbe maqui xcaho achiha conohel chique ahaua, xa[c]a oxmul xbe achiha,
+xoc patan ruma [c]eche vinak, oh [c]a xoh be [c]amo richin Tunatiuh,
+yxnu[c]ahol.
+
+     147. On the day 4 Qat three chiefs, the king and the next in rank
+     were burned alive by Tunatiuh, nor was the heart of Tunatiuh
+     satisfied with war. Soon a messenger from Tunatiuh came to the
+     chiefs that they should send him warriors: "Let the warriors of the
+     Ahpozotzils and Ahpoxahils come to the slaughter of the Quiches!"
+     So spoke the messenger of Tunatiuh to the chiefs. Immediately the
+     words of Tunatiuh were published, and 400 men went forth to the
+     slaughter of the Quiches; but they were only those of the city, the
+     other warriors refusing to obey the chiefs. Only three times did
+     the warriors go forth to enforce the tribute on the Quiches; then
+     we also were taken by Tunatiuh, O my children.
+
+
+_Haok ki xul chi Yximche vae._
+
+     _How They Now Came to Iximche._
+
+148. Ha [c]a chi hun Hunahpu, toki xul Castilan vinak pa tinamit chi
+Yximchee, Tunatiuh ru bi cahaval; cani [c]a xbe [c]ulel Tunatiuh cuma
+ahaua Belehe[c]at, cahi Ymox. Utz [c]a ru [c]ux Tunatiuh chique ahaua
+toki xul pa tinamit, mani labal, xati quicot Tunatiuh ok ki xul chi
+Yximchee. Quere[c]a tok xul Castilan vinak ri oher, yxnu[c]ahol, kitzih
+tixibin ok xeul, mani etaam vi quivach, he [c]abouil xe quina ahaua. Xka
+na [c]a oh ytata, oh kixoh [c,]eto culic chi Yximchee chupam Tzupam hay
+xvar vi Tunatiuh; chuca [t]ih [c]a xvachi[c] ahauh, tixibin chi achiha,
+xul ru[c]in pa ru varam xe ru tak [c]a ahaua: Nak ruma xtiban labal
+vu[c]in [c]o pe tan tin ban chive, xcha. Maquian, quere xa rumal [c]iya
+achiha caminak, vave he[c]a mixe a [c,]et vae pa hul [c]o vi qui
+ni[c]ahal, xecha ahaua, quere [c]atok xoc pa rochoch ahauh [c]hicbal ri.
+
+     148. It was on the day 1 Hunahpu when the Castilians arrived at
+     Iximche with their chief, Tunatiuh. The people went forth to meet
+     Tunatiuh with the chiefs Belehe Qat and Cahi Ymox. Good was the
+     heart of Tunatiuh when he entered the city with the chiefs. There
+     was no fighting and Tunatiuh rejoiced when he entered Iximche. Thus
+     did the Castilians enter of yore, O my children; but it was a
+     fearful thing when they entered; their faces were strange, and the
+     chiefs took them for gods. We, even we, your father, saw them when
+     they first set foot in Iximche, at the palace of Tzupam, where
+     Tunatiuh slept. The chief came forth, and truly he frightened the
+     warriors; he came from his chamber and called the rulers: "Why do
+     you make war with me, when I also can make it?" said he. "Not at
+     all. Why should so many warriors find their death? Do you see any
+     pitfalls among them?" So replied the chiefs, and he went to the
+     house of the chief Chicbal.
+
+149. Cani[c]a labal xu[c]utuh Tunatiuh chique ahaua, xecha [c]a ahaua:
+cay [c]ovi nu labal [c,]utuhil, Panatacat, at [c]abouil, xucheex [c]a
+cuma ahaua. Xa[c]a hunobix xi[c]o rubana Tunatiuh pa tinamit; tok xcam
+[c,]utuhile ruma Castilan vinak, ha chi vuku Camey xcamicax [c,]utuhile
+ruma Tunatiuh.
+
+     149. Then Tunatiuh agreed to join the chiefs in their wars, and the
+     chiefs said to him:--"O thou God, we have two wars, one with the
+     Tzutuhils, one at Panatacat." Thus spake the chiefs. Only five days
+     after, Tunatiuh went forth from the capital. Then the Tzutuhils
+     were conquered by the Castilians. It was the day 7 Camey that the
+     Tzutuhils were destroyed by the Castilians.
+
+150. Xe[c]a huvinak voo chi [t]ih xi[c]o rubana pa tinamit, ok xbe
+Tunatiuh Cuzcatan xi[c]o cam apon Atacat; ha chi cay Queh xcam Atacat
+ruma Castilan vinak ronohel [c]a achiha; xebe ru[c]in Tunatiuh camicay
+richin Yaqui.
+
+     150. Twenty-five days afterwards Tunatiuh went forth from the
+     capital to Cuzcatan going there to destroy Atacat. On the day 2
+     Queh, Atacat was slain by the Castilians, with all his warriors.
+     There went with Tunatiuh all his Mexicans to this battle.
+
+151. Ha [c]a chi lahuh Hunahpu, xul chic ok xpe Cuzcatan, xa ru cavinak
+xbe ru bana Cuzcatan, ok xul chic pa tinamit. Tok xu[c]utuh [c]a
+Tunatiuh hun quimeal ahaua, xya [c]a chirichin Tunatiuh ri cumal ahaua.
+
+     151. On the day 10 Hunahpu he returned from Cuzcatan. He had been
+     absent only 40 days to make the conquest at Cuzcatan when he
+     returned to the capital. Then Tunatiuh asked for a daughter of one
+     of the chiefs, and she was given to Tunatiuh by the chiefs.
+
+
+_Qutubal [c]a puak vae._
+
+     _A Demand for Money is made._
+
+152. Tok x[c]utux [c]a qui puvak ahaua ruma Tunatiuh; xrah naek [c]a
+yari xaki molom puvak xa tzimay, xa [c]al vach: maqui [c]a xu[c]am
+xacani xcakar Tunatiuh chique ahaua, xcha: Nak rumal maqui ti ya puvak
+chuvichin, maquipe vave ulinak vi ru puak ronohel ama[t] avu[c]in,
+tauaho pe cat nu poroh, cat nu hi[c,]ah, xeucheex ahaua.
+
+     152. Then Tunatiuh began to ask the chiefs for money. He wished
+     that they should give him jars full of precious metals, and even
+     their drinking cups and crowns. Not receiving anything, Tunatiuh
+     became angry and said to the chiefs: "Why have you not given me the
+     metal? If you do not bring me the precious metal in all your towns,
+     choose then, for I shall burn you alive and hang you." Thus did he
+     speak to the chiefs.
+
+153. Tok xu[t]at [c]a Tunatiuh oxo[t]opeto chi [t]ana puvak, xquitih
+chi[c]a ahaua ru [t]ipuxic, xeo[t] ahaua chuvach; xax maqui vi xraho
+chic Tunatiuh, xa xcha: Ti vechaah pe ri puak obix tiya. Vue [c]a maqui
+ti ya chiri, ti vetamah [c]a nu [c]ux, xeucheex ahaua. Cani x[c,]ak can
+xca retal, tok xquimol [c]a ahaua qui puak ronohel [c]a ru mam ahauh ru
+[c]ahel ahauh, xu ya ru puak, xutih ru [t]ih vinak ruma ahaua.
+
+     153. Then Tunatiuh cut from three of them the gold ornaments they
+     wore in their ears. The chiefs suffered keenly from this violence,
+     and wept before him. But Tunatiuh was not troubled, and said: "I
+     tell you that I want the gold here within five days. Wo to you if
+     you do not give it. I know my heart." So said he to the chiefs. The
+     word was then given. The chiefs gathered together all their metals,
+     those of the parents and children of the king, and all that the
+     chiefs could get from the people.
+
+154. Ki [c]a tini[c]ahar ru yaic puak chire Tunatiuh, tok x[c]utun hun
+achi [c]axto[c]: Yn cakolahay, tincamicah Castilan vinak, xcha chique
+ahaua; xa pa [t]a[t] queyaar vi, tin [t]ocih tinamit que el [c]a el ahau
+[c]haka ya, ha [c]a chi vuku ahmak tinban, xcha achi ri [c]axto[c]
+chique ahaua. Kitzih [c]a xqui na ahaua, xoquecax ru tzih achij cuma, ki
+[c]a ti ni[c]ahar can ru yaic puvak ok xoh pax.
+
+     154. While they were gathering the gold for Tunatiuh, a priest of
+     the Demon showed himself: "I am the lightning; I will destroy the
+     Castilians." So said he to the chiefs. "I will destroy them by
+     fire. When I beat the drum let the chiefs come forth and go to the
+     other bank of the river. This I shall do on the day 7 Ahmak." Thus
+     did this priest of the Demon speak to the chiefs. Truly the chiefs
+     thought that they should trust in the words of this man. It was
+     when they were gathering the gold that we went forth.
+
+
+_Haok ki xoh pax pa tinamit vae._
+
+     _How We went forth from the City._
+
+155. Chi vuku Ahmak [c]a xban paxic. Haoki xtole can tinamit chi
+Yximchee, xa[c]a ruma ri achi [c]axto[c], ok xeel ahaua; vue kitzih
+xticam Tunatiuh, quecha; tan mani labal chu [c]ux Tunatiuh, tan ti qui
+cot ruma puvak tan ti ya. Xa rumal achi ri [c]axto[c], tok xtole can ka
+tinamit, chi vuku ahmak, yx nu[c]ahol.
+
+     155. The day 7 Ahmak was that of the going forth. They deserted the
+     city of Iximche on account of the priest of the Demon, and the
+     chiefs left it. "Yes, truly, Tunatiuh shall die," said they. "There
+     is no more war in the heart of Tunatiuh, as he now rejoices in the
+     gold given him." Thus it was that our city was abandoned on the day
+     7 Ahmak on account of a priest of the Demon, O my children.
+
+156. Xe na chi vi naek [c]a ahaua ruma Tunatiuh; xlauheher ok kopax pa
+tinamit, oki xtiquer labal ruma Tunatiuh; chi cahi Camey xtiquer ka
+camic ruma Castilah vinak, haok xtiquer pokonal chikih; xoh pax xe chee,
+xe[c]am, yxnu[c]ahol, ronohel [c]a ama[t], xoh camican ru[c]in Tunatiuh;
+haok xti[c]e xeapon ri Castilan vinak, xel [c]a pa tinamit xu tolobacan.
+Tok xe[c]ulelax [c]a Castilan vinak cuma Cakchiquel vinak, xban he
+[c]otoh, xban [c]a hulqueh, cimah xecamicabex, xa ki labal chic xban
+ruma vinak. He [c]a [c]iy Castilan vinak xecam, quere[c]a queh xcam pa
+hul queh, xyaar [c]a ri [c]echevinak, [c,]utuhile, quere[c]a ronohel
+ama[t] xyaar ruma Cakchiquel vinak. Quere[c]a x[c]ohe vi ruxla ri ruma
+Castilan vinak, x[c]ohe navipe ruxla ruma ama[t] ronohel; xbeleh vinak
+ok [c]a ko pax pa tinamit chi Iximchee, ok xel ru beleha.
+
+     156. But what the chiefs did was soon known to Tunatiuh. Ten days
+     after we had left the city, war was begun by Tunatiuh. On the day 4
+     Camey began our destruction. Then began our misery. We scattered in
+     the forests; all our towns were taken, O my children; we were
+     slaughtered by Tunatiuh. The Castilians entered the city and they
+     arrived as to a deserted spot. From that time the Castilians were
+     hated by the Cakchiquels. They made trenches, they dug pitfalls,
+     that the horses might be killed, and war was waged by their men.
+     Many men of the Castilians were slain, and many horses killed in
+     the pitfalls. The Quiches and Tzutuhils were destroyed and all
+     their villages ruined by the Cakchiquels. Only thus did the
+     Castilians let them live, and only thus were they let live by all
+     the villagers. One hundred and eighty days after the desertion of
+     the city of Iximche was completed the ninth year (of the second
+     cycle).
+
+Chi cay Ah, xel humay beleha ru banic yuhuh.
+
+     On the day 2 Ah was completed the 29th year after the Revolt.
+
+157. Chupam ru lauha vae ki tan tiban labal ru[c]in Castilan vinak,
+tanti [c]ilibem Xepau ruma Castilan vinak chiri chupam ru lauha, kitan
+ti yao ri labal xu[c]am ru covil vinak.
+
+     157. During the tenth year the war continued with the Castilians.
+     But the Castilians having received aid in this tenth year at Xepau,
+     carried on the war with such vigor that they destroyed the forces
+     of the nation.
+
+158. Ok xbokotah [c]a el Tunatiuh Xepau, xax coco ok xel mani xelah
+vinak chuvach; xvakvinak ok ru caba kopax pe pa tinamit ok xtolecan
+xbenam [c]a richin ok xi[c]o ru [c]ata can tinamit Tunatiuh, chi cahi
+Camey xuporoh can tinamit, vak vinak ru caba chi labal xbanok xtzolih.
+
+     158. Tunatiuh then went forth from Xepau, and so harassed us that
+     the people would not come before him. There were lacking one
+     hundred and twenty days to complete two years since we had
+     abandoned the capital, now deserted, when Tunatiuh came there on
+     his march in order to set fire to the city. On the day 4 Camey, two
+     years less six months after the beginning of the war, he set fire
+     to the capital and returned.
+
+Chi cablahuh Ah xel humay lauha yuhuh.
+
+     On the day 12 Ah was completed the 30th year after the Revolt.
+
+159. Chupam huna vae xuxlan vican halal ka [c]ux xavi e [c]oh ahaua
+conohel Cahi Ymox Belehe[c]at, mani xtzak chuvach Castilan vinak, tan
+[c]a oh [c]oh chila Holom Balam, yxnu[c]ahol.
+
+     159. In the course of this year we breathed for a little, as did
+     also the kings Cahi Ymox and Belehe Qat. They had not lost all hope
+     before the Castilians, and they maintained themselves at
+     Holombalam, O my children.
+
+160. Xhunabir ok [c]a ru[c]in huvinak, titole can ruma Tunatiuh ok xul
+chic Castilan vinak Chij xot; chi hun Caok, xtiquer chic ka camic ruma
+Castilan vinak, x[c]ulelaax chic ruma vinak, xyaloh chic labal xban.
+Xavi x[c]hub chic chi camic, mani xyao patan ronohel huyu, xa hala chic
+matel humay hulauha yuhuh ok xul chic Chij xot.
+
+     160. One year and twenty days had passed since the places had been
+     made desolate by Tunatiuh, when the Castilians arrived at Chiixot.
+     On the day 1 Caok our slaughter by the Castilians began. They
+     fought with the nation and persisted in war. Death ravaged us
+     again, but the whole country continued to refuse tribute. There was
+     not much lacking of the 31st year after the revolt when they came
+     to Chiixot.
+
+Chi belehe Ah, [c]a xel humay hulauha yuhuh.
+
+     On the day 9 Ah was completed the 31st year after the Revolt.
+
+161. Chupam huna chic vae, xavi tanti tahin labal ruma Castilan vinak
+xutuloba chi can Chij xot, haok ki xla[t]abex Bulbuxya ruma Castilan
+vinak, vave chupam huna ki xyaloh vi labal xmani vi xyao patan ruma
+ronohel huyu.
+
+     161. In the course of the following year, while the Castilians were
+     engaged in war, Chiixot was abandoned. Then Bulbuxya was occupied
+     by the Castilians. During this year the war was continued, but the
+     whole country refused the tribute.
+
+
+_Roquebal [c]a patan vae._
+
+     _The Beginning of the Tribute._
+
+162. Xvolahuvinak ok ti [c]utun Chij xot, ok xoc patan chuvach capitan
+cuma [c]hinta Queh, vove chuvi Tzolola chi vakaki [c,]i [c]a xoc patan,
+haok xalax nu [c]ahol Diego Pabo Cotanoh [c]ovi, ok xatalax chi vakaki
+[c,]ij, at nu[c]ahol, haok xtiquer chic patanihic; huley chivi chi pokon
+xka[c]am chic, xkacolah can ri labal. Camul ki chi nimak chi camic
+xkaban.
+
+     162. Three hundred days after Chiixot was taken, began the payment
+     of tribute to the Captain by Chinta Queh. It was here at Tzolola,
+     on the day 6 Tzi, that the tribute began. At that time was born my
+     son. Diego Pabo Cotanoh. Thou wert born, O my son, on that day, 6
+     Tzi, on which the tribute began. Deep, indeed, were the sufferings
+     we underwent to escape from the wars, and twice we were on the
+     point of losing our life.
+
+Chi vakaki Ah, xel humay cablauha yuhuh.
+
+     On the day 6 Ah was completed the 32d year after the Revolt.
+
+163. Xvahxak vinak ok ru caba, toc patan ok xcam ahauh Ahtun Cuc Tihax,
+chi vakaki Akbal xcam. Xavi [c]a maha que [c]utun ahaua Ahpopco[c,]il,
+Ahpopxahil chiri.
+
+     163. It was two years less one hundred and twenty days after the
+     beginning of the tribute when died the chief Ahtun cuc Tihax. He
+     died on the day 6 Akbal. The chiefs Ahpopzotzil and Ahpopxahil had
+     not yet submitted.
+
+Chi oxi Ah, xel humay oxlauha.
+
+     On the day 3 Ah was completed the 33d year.
+
+164. Chupam huna ok xe[c]utun chic ahaua, ahpop Co[c,]il ahpop Xahil,
+chuvach Tunatiuh, cahvinak ruvaka xquiban ahaua xe chee xe[c]am, maqui
+[c]a xax cutzih ahaua xeba, [c]hi[c]h tal qui[c]amic ruma Tunatiuh, xax
+[c]atun qui tzihol ahaua chuvach Tunatiuh. Ha [c]a chi vuku Ahmak
+xebokotah el ahaua, xeapon Paruyaal Chay, tzatz chi ahaua xcuchu ri
+ronohel [c]a ru mam ahauh, ru [c]ahol ahauh, xbe tzatz chi vinak
+cachbiyil ahaua. Chi vahxaki Noh [c]a xeapon Panchoy, xa[c]a tiquicot
+Tunatiuh chique ahaua, tok x[c,]et chic quivach ruma Tunatiuh.
+
+     164. In the course of this year the chiefs Ahpopzotzil and
+     Ahpopxahil came before Tunatiuh. For eighty-six days these chiefs
+     had hid in the woods. Not only did they wish to come forth, but
+     their labors and sufferings were known to Tunatiuh, and the memory
+     of these chiefs came to Tunatiuh. On the day 7 Ahmak the chiefs
+     decided to come forth. When they arrived at Paruyaal chay, many
+     chiefs, all the fathers of the chiefs and their sons, and a
+     multitude of people accompanied the chiefs. On the day 8 Noh they
+     reached Panchoy. Then Tunatiuh rejoiced with the chiefs, when their
+     faces were seen again before Tunatiuh.
+
+Chi oxlahuh Ah xel humay cahlauha yuhuh.
+
+     On the day 13 Ah was completed the 36th year after the revolt.
+
+[_I append the translation of the remainder of what I believe to be the
+original work (see Introduction, page 58); but as its contents are of
+little general interest, I omit the text._]
+
+165. During this year frightful imposts were levied; they paid gold and
+silver before the face of Tunatiuh, and there were demanded as tribute
+five hundred men and five hundred women to go to the gold washings; all
+the people were busy seeking gold. Five hundred men and five hundred
+women were also demanded by Tunatiuh to aid in building Pangan for his
+princely residence. All that, yes, all that, we ourselves witnessed, O
+my children.
+
+On the 10th Ah was completed the 35th year after the Revolt.
+
+166. Forty days were lacking to complete three years from the date of
+the submission of the kings when Belehe Qat died. He died on the 7th
+Queh, when employed in washing for gold and silver. As soon as he was
+dead Tunatiuh set to work to appoint his successor. The prince Don Jorge
+was appointed by the sole command of Tunatiuh. There was no council held
+nor assembly to confirm him. Tunatiuh gave his orders to the princes and
+they obeyed him; for, truly, he made himself feared.
+
+On the 7th Ah was completed the 36th year after the revolt.
+
+167. Three hundred and forty days after the death of Belehe Qat the
+princes were forced to place Don Jorge in possession of the throne. His
+father was Don Juan Xuares.
+
+Oh[TN-23] the 4th Ah was completed the 37th year after the revolt.
+
+168. In the course of this year the king Cahi Ymox Ahpozotzil withdrew
+and went to inhabit the capital. He intended to separate from the
+others, because the tribute had been imposed on all the chiefs, even on
+the king himself.
+
+On the 1st Ah was completed the 38th year after the revolt.
+
+169. During this year Tunatiuh departed for Castile, making new
+conquests on his road. Thus he destroyed those of Tzutzumpan and of
+Choloma; and many other towns were destroyed by Tunatiuh. There occurred
+an unheard of event at Tzutzumpan. I saw Hunahpu tremble a litle[TN-24]
+while before the prince Mantunalo arrived here. Tunatiuh went to
+Castile, leaving Tzutzumpan.
+
+On the 11th Ah was completed the 39th year after the revolt.
+
+170. In the course of the year, on the 11th Noh, Prince Mantunalo
+arrived. The prince Mantunalo arrived to relieve the nation from its
+sufferings; the washing for gold and silver promptly ceased, and the
+tribute of young men and women ceased; the burnings alive and the
+hangings ceased, and, indeed, all the various acts of violence of the
+Castilians and the imposts which they had forcibly laid upon us. The
+roads were once more frequented by travelers when the Prince Mantunalo
+arrived, as they had been eight years before, when the imposts were
+first laid upon us, O my children.
+
+On the 8th Ah was completed the 40th year after the revolt.
+
+On the 5th Ah was completed the first year of the third cycle.
+
+171. Before the close of the second year of the third cycle, the prince
+Tunatiuh arrived, landing at Porto Cavayo. When Tunatiuh came back from
+Castile with the position of commander, each of us went before him to
+receive him, O my children. It was then that he killed with his sword
+the Ah-tzib Caok on account of his lineage; it was on the day 11 Ahmak
+that he killed the Ah-tzib.
+
+On the day 2 Ah was completed the second year of the third cycle.
+
+172. One hundred and twenty days after the death of Ahtzib and of the
+return of Tunatiuh to Panchoy, the prince Mantunalo departed, leaving
+Tunatiuh in command. Two hundred and sixty days after his return,
+Tunatiuh hanged the king Ahpozotzil Cahi Ymox, on the day 13 Ganel.
+They hanged with him Quixavit Caok, by order of Tunatiuh.
+
+On the day 12 Ah was completed the third year of the third cycle.
+
+173. Two hundred and eighty days after the execution of the king
+Ahpozotzil he hanged Chuvy Tziquinu, prince of the city, who had angered
+him. They hanged him on the day 4 Can at Paxaya. They seized him on the
+road and executed him secretly. Seventeen other chiefs were hanged at
+the same time. On the day 4 Ig[TN-25] the chief Chicbal, who had caused
+the death of Chuvy Tziquinu, was hanged in his turn, and with him
+Nimabah and Quehchun. Meanwhile, Tunatiuh had left for Xuchipillan,
+appointing as his lieutenant and to see to the hangings, Don Francisco,
+who attended to them. One hundred days after the prince Chicbal had been
+hanged, came the news that Tunatiuh had met his death at Xuchipillan.
+
+On the day 9 Ah was completed the fourth year of the third cycle after
+the revolt.
+
+174. In the course of this year there was a great disaster which
+destroyed the Castilians at Panchoy. On the day 2 Tihax the waters burst
+from the mountain Hunahpu, rushing out from the interior of the
+mountain, and enveloped the Castilians in destruction. The wife of
+Tunatiuh was then drowned.
+
+
+_When Our Instruction Began._
+
+One hundred and sixty days after this disaster there arrived at our
+house our fathers of St. Dominic, Brother Pedro Anculo and Brother Juan
+de Torres. They arrived from Mexico on the day 12 Batz, and we began to
+receive instruction from our fathers of St. Dominic. Then also appeared
+the Doctrina in our language. Our fathers, Brother Pedro and Brother
+Juan were the first who taught us the word of God. Until that time the
+word and the commandments of God were unknown to us; we had lived in
+darkness, for no one had spoken to us of the doctrine of God. There
+were also the fathers of St. Francis, Father Alamicer and Father
+Clerico, with those of St. Dominic, who spoke to us. They translated the
+Doctrina into our language, and we were soon instructed by them.
+
+On the day 6 Ah was completed the fifth year of the third cycle.
+
+On the day 3 Ah was completed the sixth year of the third cycle after
+the revolt.
+
+On the day 13 Ah was completed the seventh year.
+
+175. In the course of the year our fathers of St. Dominic separated from
+those of St. Francis, on account of ashes; the latter went away. Ashes
+were not given by our Fathers of St. Dominic; therefore, those of St.
+Francis went away.
+
+On the day 10 Ah was completed the 8th year of the third cycle.
+
+On the day 7 Ah was completed the 9th year of the third cycle after the
+revolt.
+
+176. In the course of the year the licentiate Don Juan Roxer arrived.
+
+
+_They Begin to Group the Houses._
+
+One hundred and six days after they had really begun to teach us the
+word of God, then they commenced to gather together the houses in
+groups, by order of the ruler, Juan Roser, and the people came forth
+from their caves and ravines. On the day 7 Caok the capital was
+repeopled, and we were there with all the tribes.
+
+On the day 4 Ah was completed the 10th year of the third cycle after the
+revolt.
+
+On the day 1 Ah was completed the 11th year of the third cycle after the
+revolt.
+
+177. In the course of the year the President Cerrado arrived, while the
+licentiate Pedro Ramirez was still here. When he arrived he condemned
+the Castilians; he set free the slaves and prisoners of the Castilians,
+diminished by one-half the imposts, put an end to forced labor, and
+obliged the Castilians to pay all for their work, little or great. This
+Prince Cerrado truly solaced the afflictions of our nation; for I,
+myself, O my children, was a witness of the many miseries which we
+endured.
+
+On the day 11 Ah was completed the 12th year of the third cycle.
+
+On the day 8 Ah was completed the 13th year of the third cycle.
+
+178. In the course of the year died the Ahtzib Juan Perez; he died on
+the day 12 Tihax. Eighty days after the death of the Ahtzib, there was
+an eruption of the mountain Chigag; it was on the day 9 Ah that the fire
+appeared in the mountain.
+
+On the day 5 Ah was completed the 14th year of the third cycle.
+
+179. During this year arrived the iron bell; it came from the emperor of
+Castile; it reached us on the day 3 Hunahpu, which was on a Friday.
+Twenty days after the arrival of the iron bell, the licentiate Ramirez
+tried to kill the prince bishop at Pangan, the governor Cerrado being
+present. The door of the church was forced by Ramirez. This took place
+on a day 2 Can, on a Thursday. One hundred and sixty days after these
+leaders had come to blows at Pangan, all our fathers of St. Francis and
+St. Dominic came to blows in their turn at Xelahub, the former having
+tried to wrest Xelahub from the Dominicans.
+
+On the day 2 Ah was completed the 15th year of the third cycle.
+
+180. In the course of this year the locusts (grasshoppers) reappeared.
+It was on the day 12 Tziquin, the day after the Visitation, that the
+grasshoppers came. They passed over all parts of the country, and we saw
+them with you, my children.
+
+On the day 12 Ah was completed the 16th year of the third cycle.
+
+181. During the course of this year arrived the President Doctor
+Quexata; it was on a day 2 Hunahpu that that ruler arrived here, coming
+from Mexico. They were celebrating the feast of the circumcision. The
+governor Cerrado was here when he arrived. When the Doctor Quexata had
+almost arrived, the President Cerrado died. There was but little between
+them. Then the Doctor Quexata died. He did not condemn any one, because
+he had no time. But the ruler Cerrado condemned (the Castilians), for he
+did what was right. About the same time died the chief Don Francisco
+Ahpozotzil; it was on the day 1 Can, a Monday, the 14th day of the month
+October, that he died. It was in this year that he died that the
+nativity of our Saviour Jesus Christ came on the day 1 Batz.
+
+On the day 9 Ah was completed the 17th year of the third cycle.
+
+182. Forty days after the death of the chief Don Francisco, died our
+Father Fray Domingo de Vico in Acalan. Truly, with great tortures was he
+put to death by the tribe. Twenty days after the death of our father in
+Acalan, Father Fray Francisco de la Para was exiled by the bishop and
+the ruler Ramirez. This took place on Easter day.
+
+On the day 6 Ah was completed the 18th year of the third cycle.
+
+183. At this time died Alonzo de Pazon, the day 12 Ganel.
+
+In the 13th month of the year, the day of Sanctiago at Pangan occurred
+on the day 1 Tziquin. On that day the Castilians at Pangan had great
+rejoicings, because on that day was inaugurated as supreme monarch over
+in Castile the Emperor Don Peliphe. There were then three rulers, the
+Prince Ramirez, the Doctor Mercia and Louaisa. They held court at
+Panchoy. In the 14th month of the year, after this day of Sanctiago,
+there came an order from Ramirez. He imposed a tribute on members of the
+nobility among the people. He also made provision for the surplusage of
+the tribute. There had never been a surplus under the chiefs; it was
+known to be stolen, but no one knew by whom. The maize tax was reduced
+and that of roast fowls, and none of the chiefs could steal anything
+from the surplus. This order of Ramirez was promulgated on the day of
+St. Francis, a Monday, the day 7 Camey. Twenty days after the
+promulgation of the order of Ramirez, the Book of the Doctrina was
+published, on the day of Saints, a Monday; but many would not accept the
+Doctrina, but refused it.
+
+On the day 3 Ah was completed the 19th year of the third cycle after the
+revolt.
+
+184. The Alcaldes in the year 1557 were Don Juan Juarez and Don
+Francisco Fez.
+
+In the course of the year an incursion was made to destroy the
+Lacantuns. It was on the day 5 Ey that the ruler Ramirez sallied forth
+as general, and Don Martin went also as general, twenty days before the
+close of the third cycle.
+
+Don Juan Juarez and Francisco Pez Martin were chosen as Alcaldes, to
+issue orders. (_Note by a later writer:_ These were the first Alcaldes,
+and with them began the elections.)
+
+On the day 13 Ah was completed the third cycle since the Revolt was
+made. The third cycle was completed in the year 1558.
+
+185. When we were in the eleventh month of the year, a President Royal
+arrived, on the day 3 Qat. When he arrived at Pangan on 1 Akbal, Don
+Diego Pez was inaugurated as chief by the ruler Ramirez.
+
+Six months after the arrival of the President at Pangan, began here
+again the pestilence which had formerly raged among the people. It came
+from a distance. It was truly terrible when this death was sent among us
+by the great God. Many families bowed their heads before it. The people
+were seized with a chill and then a fever; blood issued from the nose;
+there was a cough, and the throat and nose were swollen, both in the
+lesser and the greater pestilence. All here were soon attacked. These
+maladies began, O my children, on the day of the Circumcision, a Monday,
+and as I was writing, we also were attacked with the disease.
+
+Diego Ernandez Xahil and Francisco Ernandez Galel Bagahol were Alcaldes
+in the year 1559.
+
+The first year of the fourth cycle since the revolt was completed on the
+day 10 Ah.
+
+
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+
+1. The author begins by stating his purpose in a few lines.
+
+_xtinu[c,]ibah_, future of _[c,]ibah_, to write, originally to paint.
+
+_xeboco_, past tense, third person, plural, of the absolute form of
+_boc_, here, as often, used actively. Compare _Gram._, p. 49.
+
+_la[t]abex_, passive of _la[t]abeh_, to inhabit, to settle.
+
+_huyu ta[t]ah_, hills and plains, or, the interior and the coast; an
+expression meaning the whole country.
+
+_que cha_, they say, used as the French _on dit_, indicating that the
+writer is reporting the words of another.
+
+_ki_, an intensive or affirmative particle, thrown in to add strength to
+the expression.
+
+_ka tata_, our fathers, _ka mama_, our grandfathers and ancestors more
+remote than fathers. These terms are to be understood in a general
+sense.
+
+_yx nu qahol_, you my sons, or _yx ka qahol_, you our sons, intimates
+that this account was prepared for the family of the writer.
+
+_pa Tulan._ The prep. _pa_ (before a vowel _pan_) means in, at, to, and
+from. Torresano (_MS. Gram._) renders it by the Latin _ad_, _pro_,
+_absque_, _ab_, _de_, _e_, _ex_. Brasseur translates these words "being
+still in Tulan," which does not make sense.
+
+2. _[t]a[t]avitz_, _Zactecauh_. Both these names of the ancestral heroes
+of the Cakchiquels appear to be partly Nahuatl. _[t]a[t]_ is "fire," and
+_Zak_ is "white," both Cakchiquel words, but _vitzli_, thorn, and
+_techatl_, the stone of sacrifice, are Nahuatl.
+
+_[c]haka palouh_, the other side of the sea. The word _palouh_ appears
+to be derived from the verb _paloh_, to lift onesself up, to rise,
+referring to the waves.
+
+_pe vi_, and _vi pe_; on the use of the particle _vi_, see _Grammar_, p.
+63.
+
+_pa Tulan ru bi huyu_, from the country or place called Tulan. The word
+_huyu_ usually means hill or mountain; but it is frequently used in the
+vague sense of "place," "locality."
+
+_achij_, men, _viri_, not _homines_, which latter is _vinak_.
+
+_Xahila_, a plural form. The name maybe derived from _xahoh_, to dance
+in the sacred or ceremonial dances; or from _ahila_, to reckon or
+number.
+
+3. _chinamit_, the sub-gens. On this see the Introduction. The our[TN-26]
+referred to include the Xahila, mentioned in the previous paragraph.
+These four, the Xahila, the Gekaquch, the Baqahol, and the Cibaki,
+formed the tribe; the remaining four, the Caveki, the Ah Queh, the Ah
+Pak, and the Ykomagi, were of the same lineage, but not in the
+confederacy.
+
+_Daqui_; the letter _d_ does not occur either in Cakchiquel or Nahuatl.
+The foreign aspect of some of these names seems to point to an ancient
+influence of some allophyllic tongue.
+
+4. _He [c]a [c]oh_, etc. The writer here states that he gives the exact
+words of the ancient tradition. He probably wrote the text from some
+antique chant, which had been handed down from his ancestors. The
+quotation begins at the words _Cahi xpe_, and continues to near the
+close of the next paragraph, where the words _xecha can ri
+[t]a[t]avitz_, the above spoke Gagavitz, etc., mark its termination.
+This is one of the most obscure passages in the book. The original text
+is given by Brasseur among his _pieces justificatives_, in the appendix
+to the first volume of his _Hist. du Mexique_. A comparison with his
+translation will show that in several important constructions I differ
+from him.
+
+The mythological references to Tulan, [c]abouil, the Chay Abah,
+Xibilbay, etc., have been discussed in the Introduction. The passage
+corresponds to the first chapter of the third book of the Popol Vuh.
+
+_Tulan_, _Tullan_; these variations are in the original.
+
+5. The particle _tan_, with which the paragraph opens, throws the
+narrative into the "historical present," for the sake of greater
+vividness. The verb _[c,]ak_, as at present used, means to make bricks,
+etc., out of earth.
+
+_xtiho_; translated by Brasseur, "the trial was made;" but it is the
+imperfect passive of _tih_, which means "to give to another something to
+eat or drink."
+
+_xaki_, plural of _xak_, generic word for leaf.
+
+_utiuh_, _koch_; besides these, two other animals are named in the Popol
+Vuh.
+
+_achak_ is the general word for excrement, either of men or brutes;
+also, refuse, waste products in general.
+
+_tiuh tiuh_ is the name of a small variety of hawk. "_El gavilan
+pequeno_." Guzman, _Compendio de Nombres en Lengua Cakchiquel_. MS.
+
+_mani [c]a x[c]hao_, "and he talked not." The connective _[c]a_, like
+_navipe_, and _pe_, all three of which may usually be translated by
+"and," is not placed at the beginning of the clause. _[c]ha_ is to speak
+in the general sense; hence, _[c]habal_, a language. Synonyms of this
+are _tin cha_, I say; _tin tzihoh_, I speak words, I harangue; _tin
+biih_, I name, I express myself; and _quin ucheex_, I tell or say,
+especially used in repeating what others have said (Coto,
+_Vocabulario_). These words are of frequent use in the text.
+
+_Rubanic chay abah ri [c,]apal_, etc.; this obscure passage was, I
+think, entirely misunderstood by Brasseur. The word _[c,]apal_ is
+derived from the neuter form _[c,]ape_ of the active _tin [c,]apih_, I
+shut up or enclose, and means "that which is shut up," _lo cerrado_, and
+_[c,]apibal_, the active form in the next line, means "that which shuts
+up," _i. e._, gates or doors. It will be remembered (see ante, p. 26)
+that the gates of Iximche were constructed partly of, or ornamented
+with, obsidian, and the same is supposed here of the gates of the
+mythical city or place of Tulan.
+
+_ki-kan_; our burden, our tribute. The passage seems to indicate that
+they left their former country to escape subjection.
+
+_[c]oh qui tzih_; the passage may be translated "theirs were the words
+which incited us," _i. e._, to revolt and to depart.
+
+6. The articles mentioned as paid in the tribute, have been described in
+the Introduction (see p. 39).
+
+7. "So spoke the Obsidian Stone," _i. e._, the sacred oracle, referred
+to as the final arbiter. See ante, p. 26.
+
+"The wood and stone which deceive," that is, the idols of wood and stone
+which they worshiped.
+
+8. This paragraph is obscure, and the numerous erasures in Brasseur's
+translation indicate the difficulty he found in discovering its meaning.
+
+9. _[c]holloh tacaxepeval rikan [c]eche_; Brasseur translates this:
+"_Malheureux etaient[TN-27] les fils et les vassaux des Quiches._" I take
+the word _tacaxepeval_ to be the name of the first month in the
+Cakchiquel calendar (see ante, p. 29); and _[c]olloh_ means "to divest
+ourselves of, to get rid of."
+
+13. This and the following section describes the efforts of certain
+inimical powers, under the guise of birds, to obstruct and deceive the
+Cakchiquels. The _chahalcivan_ is a small bird which builds in the rocky
+sides of the ravines, and is called by the Spaniards by a literal
+translation, "_El guarda barranca_," the gully-guard. The _tucur_ is the
+owl; this name being apparently an abbreviation of the Nahuatl
+_tecolotl_. The bird called _[c]anixt_ is the Spanish _cotorra_, a
+small species of parrot. (Guzman, _Compendio de Nombres_, MS.)
+
+On the word _labalinic_, see Introduction, p. 47.
+
+14. The owl sat on the red tree, the _caka chee_, whence, as we learn
+later, the tribe derived its name, Cakchiquel--a doubtful derivation.
+
+_Chee abah_, wood and stone; understood to refer to the idols of these
+substances.
+
+_Ca[t]ih_, for _Cak[t]ih_, the spring. Father Coto has the following
+under the words: "_Estio vel verano, Cak[t]ih; pa cak [t]ih_, en el
+estio vel verano. Y nota que los que nosotros decimos en saliendo el
+verano, o que quando para, estos lo entrinden al contrario; porque
+decin, _mixel cak [t]ih, mani chic ru [t]ih hab_, ya salio el verano, no
+ay mas aguero."
+
+16. The _cak chee_, red tree, is translated by Father Guzman, "arbol de
+carreta." The legendary derivation of the name Cakchiquel from this is
+doubtful. _[c]hamey_ may mean something more than staff; it is applied
+to the staff of office, the _baton de commandement_ carried by the
+alguacils, etc.
+
+The whole paragraph is obscure, but seems to describe their leaving the
+sandy shore of the sea, passing out of sight of land, then coming in
+sight of it again, and going ashore.
+
+17. The word _ikan_, burden, here as elsewhere, is usually translated by
+Brasseur, "tribute."
+
+18. _Ah chay_, literally, "master of obsidian." As this stone was
+largely used for arrow heads and other weapons, the expression in this
+connection seems to mean "master of arms." _Ah [c]am_, from _[c]am_, to
+take, seize. Brasseur construes these words as in apposition to _vach_:
+"Whom shall we make our master of arms," etc.
+
+_Etamayom_, from the root _et_, mark, sign; _etamah_, to know, to be
+skilled in an art; _etamayom_, he who knows (see _Grammar_, pp. 27, 56).
+Brasseur's rendering, "_le Voyant_," is less accurate. See his
+translation of this passage in the _Hist. du Mexique_, Tome II, p. 92.
+
+_[c]okikan_; Brasseur gives to this the extraordinary rendering,
+"parfumes d'ambre." But Coto states that it was the term applied to the
+loads of roasted maize, which were the principal sustenance of the
+natives on their journeys.
+
+19. The narration continues in the words of the ancestral heroes, who
+speak in the first person, plural.
+
+_Nonovalcat_, _Xulpit_; the first of these names is decidedly Nahuatl,
+and recurs in the _Maya Chronicles_. See Introduction, p. 44. The second
+is clearly of Maya origin. These localities are located by Brasseur on
+the Laguna de Terminos, near the mouth of the Usumacinta.
+
+20. Having defeated their enemies in the field, the Cakchiquels seized
+their boats and ventured an attack on the town, in which they were
+repulsed.
+
+_Zuyva_; this famous name in Aztec mythology, was also familiar to the
+Maya tribes. (See _The Maya Chronicles_, p. 110.) The term _ah zuyva_
+seems here employed as a general term for the Nahuatl-speaking nations.
+(See above, p. 44.)
+
+_Ca[c]_; I do not find this word in any dictionary; perhaps it is for
+_ca[c,]_, a variety of wasp.
+
+"When we asked each other," etc. Here follow some fragments of legends,
+explaining the origin of the names of the tribes. They are quite
+imaginary.
+
+_Tohohil_, from _tohoh_, to resound in the water and the sky (sonar el
+rio y el ayre, _Dicc. Cak. Anon._); not _clangor armorum_, as Brasseur
+translates it, but sounds of nature. _Tohil_ was the name of the
+principal Quiche divinity, and was supposed by Brasseur and Ximenez to
+be an abbreviated form of Tohohil. But I have given reasons for
+supposing it to mean "justice," "equity," and this legend was devised to
+explain it, when its true etymology had become lost. (See my _Names of
+the Gods in the Kiche Myths_, p. 23.)
+
+_Cakix_; the bird so called, the _Ara macao_, of ornithologists, was one
+of the totemic signs of the Zotzil families of the Cakchiquels. The
+author here intimates that the name Cakchiquel is from _cakix_ and
+_chi_, month, forgetting that he has already derived it from _cak chee_
+(Sec. 16).
+
+_Chita[t]ah_; "in the valley."
+
+_[t]u[t]cumatz_; see notes on Sec. 38.
+
+_Ahcic ama[t]_; "the town on high," built on some lofty eminence.
+
+_Akahal_; the derivation suggested is from _akah_, a honey-comb or
+wasp's nest.
+
+_Caker_. This is an important word in Xahila's narrative. It is derived
+from _cak_, white; hence, _caker_, to become white; also, to dawn, to
+become light; metaphorically, of persons to become enlightened or
+civilized. The active form, _cakericah_, means to inform, to acquaint
+with, to instruct.
+
+21. _Nima [c]oxom, nima chah_, Brasseur translates, "great ravines,
+enormous oaks;" _ch[)a]h_ is oak, _ch[=a]h_, ashes; _[c]ox_, to strike
+fire, to clash stones together. _[c]hopiytzel_, "the bad place where the
+flesh is torn from the body," referring probably to sharp stones and
+thorns. _Popo abah_, the Council Stone.
+
+_Molomu chee_, "wood gathered together or piled up." It is noteworthy
+that this, which seems to be the name of a place, means in Cakchiquel
+the same as _Quauhtemallan_, Guatemala, in Nahuatl. Perhaps the Aztec
+allies of Alvarado merely translated the Cakchiquel name of the country.
+(See Introduction, p. 22, note.)
+
+_Xahun chi lol_; a difficult phrase, translated by Brasseur, "le dernier
+rejeton;" _lol_ is applied to a condition of desertion and silence, as
+that of an abandoned mill or village. On _halebal_, see Introduction, p.
+46.
+
+On Zaki[c]oxol, and the conflict with him, see the Introduction, p. 42.
+
+22. _Ru chahim_; Brasseur translates this phrase, "between the fire and
+the ashes," taking _chahim_ from _ch[=a]h_, ashes. But I take it to be
+from the verb _chahih_, to guard, as later in the paragraph the question
+is asked: "_Nak rumal tachahih bey?_" "Why guardest thou the road?"
+
+_xcha [c]a ok xul_; "apres qu'il eut parle, il joua sur la flute."
+Brasseur. The Abbe here mistook the preterit of _ul_ to arrive, for the
+noun _xul_, a flute.
+
+_ru [c]ux huyu_. The ambiguity of the word _huyu_, here, as often,
+offers difficulty in ascertaining the precise sense of the original. It
+means mountain or hill, woods or forest, or simply place or locality.
+While _[c]ux_, means literally "heart," it also has the sense, "soul,
+spirit." (Coto, _Vocabulario_, MS. s. v. _Corazon_.) Hence, the phrase
+may be translated "the Spirit of the Forest," or "of the Mountain."
+Brasseur prefers the latter, while I lean to the former.
+
+_roquecam_, from the root _oc_, to enter; applied to garments "that
+which is entered," or put on. Compare our slang expression, "to get into
+one's clothes."
+
+_xahpota_, see Introduction, p. 18.
+
+23. _Yukuba_, to string out; hence, to name _seriatim_. The last four
+names given are clearly Nahuatl, as is also Zuchitan. This indicates
+that the Cakchiquels, in their wanderings, had now entered the territory
+of the Pipils, of the Pacific slope.
+
+_Cholama[t]_; "the tribe of the Chols," or "of the corn fields." The
+Chols were a Maya tribe, who lived around Palenque (see Stoll,
+_Ethnographie der Rep. Guatemala_, pp. 89-93), but the reference in the
+text is not to them, nor yet to the Mams, as Brasseur thought, but to a
+nation speaking a non-Maya tongue.
+
+_Vaya vaya ela opa_. I have given several reasons for the opinion that
+these words are in the Xinca language. See my essay _On the Xinca
+Indians of Guatemala_, in the _Proceedings of the American Philosophical
+Society_, 1885.
+
+24. _Mem_, dumb, silent, incapable of speech. _Tin memuh vi_, I am dumb,
+I keep silence; given in the text as the origin of the _nomen gentile_,
+Mam. The Mams speak a dialect of the Maya, probably scarcely
+intelligible to the Cakchiquels. They at present dwell in the
+northwestern districts of the Republic of Guatemala. See Stoll,
+_Ethnographie der Rep. Guatemala_, pp. 164-5.
+
+25. _Nacxit_. On this passage Brasseur builds his theory of the
+formation of a great Toltec empire in Central America, about the close
+of the eleventh century (_Hist. des Nations Civilisees[TN-28] du
+Mexique_, Tom. II, pp. 101-5). He explains _Nacxit_ as the last two
+syllables of _Topiltzin Acxitl_, a title of Quetzalcoatl. _Cinpual
+Taxuch_ is undoubtedly from the same tongue. _Orbal tzam_, Bored Nose,
+the pendent from the nose being apparently a sign of dignity, as the
+pierced ears of the Incas.
+
+_vapal abah_, "the lintel stone," here used in the metaphorical sense of
+"the corner stone."
+
+26. The description of the dance of the Pokomams, leads us to suppose
+that the author means it was a war dance. The Pokomams dwell at present
+in the southeastern part of the Republic of Guatemala.
+
+_chicop Cakbim_; the savage or barbarian Zakbim. See Introduction, p.
+39.
+
+27. _Tzaktzuy_. Brasseur translates "Chateau des Citrouilles," mistaking
+_tzak_ for _[c,]ak_, as he does throughout the passage; _tzuy_ means
+also cup or gourd, and the name may be rendered either "the ensnaring
+cup," or "vine." Possibly it refers to a scene of drunkenness.
+
+_ri retal_; the sign or mark. Brasseur translates it "limit" or
+"landmark" of the Ahquehays. These were one of the noble families of the
+Quiche stock.
+
+28. _Oronic Cakhay_, "the Red House of the Nobles," said by Brasseur to
+be a hill, one league west of the modern village of Rabinal.
+
+_Tecpan_, "the royal house." See Introduction, p. 13.
+
+_[c,]umah chi qui [c]ux_; Brasseur translates these words, "cuirasses
+sur la poitrine," and says this was the name of the Pokomams (_Hist.
+Mex._, II, p. 126). _[c,]uum_ is leather or skin, and _[c]ux_ is heart;
+but _[c,]umah_, and later, _x[c,]umax_, is a verb, signifying to lower,
+to depress.
+
+"The venison and honey." This sentence is apparently a gibe or jeer,
+addressed by the defenders of Cakhay to Gagavitz after his attack on
+their city had been repulsed.
+
+29. _Ah queh hay_, "those of the deer (skin) houses."
+
+_xakoti[c]en a titil a [t]ana abah._ Brasseur translates, "il ne nous
+est reste que les vieilles femmes et les pierres deja hautes." This
+illustrates how far he is from the correct meaning at times. For these
+words, see notes to Sec. 41.
+
+30. _Xhachatah qui vach._ Brasseur gives this literally, "leurs faces
+ensuite se diviserent;" but _vach_ means also "fruit, results,
+possessions," and so I render it.
+
+31. _[t]a[t] xanul_, "the uncoverer of fire." This is supposed by
+Brasseur to be the name of a volcano, and the whole episode to refer to
+a pretended miracle. See his _Hist. Mexique_, Vol. II, pp. 166-7. He
+calls the passage "fort difficile," which it certainly is.
+
+32. _Cakcho[t]._ "Brule a blanc," is Brasseur's translation, but I
+cannot verify it. No such stone is mentioned in Guzman's list of
+Cakchiquel names of stones. It would seem that there were fourteen chief
+performers in the dance of [t]a[t] xanul,[TN-29] and that they took the
+name of certain stones.
+
+34. _Chi [t]alibal_, "at the seat;" but the author chooses to derive it
+from _[t]a_, hand, which is a doubtful etymology.
+
+35. The episode of Tolgom, his capture and death, is explained by
+Brasseur, _suo more_, as the destruction of the ruler of an independent
+tribe on the shores of Lake Atitlan.
+
+_[c]habak Nicnic_, the quivering mud, perhaps the quicksand. This
+strange name adds to the obscurity of the legend.
+
+_[c]akbatzulu._ The punning explanation of this name refers to its
+similarity to _[c]ak_, to place in front of another; also to shoot with
+arrows, or to stone. Its real derivation seems to be _[c]akba_, from
+_[c]akaba_, to reveal, disclose, and _tzulu_, to embrace, sleep
+together. (Compare _chee tzulu_, later on.)
+
+37. His song, _i. e._, his death song.
+
+_Chee tzulu_, "the interlaced trees."
+
+_Uchum_, the fifth month of the Cakchiquel calendar. See Introduction,
+p. 29.
+
+38. _Ri tzam tzakbal Tol[c]om_, "throwing the extremities of Tolgom."
+The reference to this festival is too slight to enable us to understand
+it.
+
+_Chi tulul_, "at the zapote trees."
+
+_Qabouil Abah_, "the Stone God," possibly the Chay Abah before referred
+to.
+
+_Cu[c,]u cumatz_; the latter is the generic term for snake, but the
+meaning of the prefix is uncertain. Perhaps it should read _cuxcu_, to
+move in spiral lines, as is described in the text. This miraculous form
+was one of Gagavitz's metamorphoses.
+
+_Nak ruma tiqui [c]am_, etc. These words of the hero Gagavitz are not
+easy to translate. They seem to chide the Cakchiquels for their weakness
+in seeking women, and to announce his intention to remain among the
+Tzutuhils.
+
+_ru [c]hac pe ri ne[c][=a]h coon_; perhaps this should be translated,
+"the organs of the women have conquered."
+
+39. _Cakeribal_, civilization, their becoming civilized. On the meaning
+of this word see note to Sec. 20.
+
+_abah [c]uval_; the precious stone offered by Ba[c]ahol as the price of
+royalty, indicates that such carved gems were in high esteem. _[c]uval_
+is translated by Guzman and others, "diamond;" but it was probably
+native jade.
+
+_Chuluc balam_, literally "tiger piss," the name of a common medicinal
+plant, used in Guatemala as a diuretic (Guzman). In this connection it
+either means the totem of a gens, or refers to a magic rite. The former
+seems to be indicated by the term _chicop_ (see Introd. p. 39).
+
+_xahun chi raxon ru halebal_, a punning allusion to the name of the hill
+Paraxone. Brasseur translates it "qui possedent l'un et l'autre ces
+oiseaux bleus enchanteurs."
+
+40. _The sun had risen_, etc. All these expressions are to be understood
+metaphorically, with reference to the growing civilization of the
+tribes.
+
+41. The description of the installation of Ba[c]ahol as head chief, is
+an interesting passage. Unfortunately, several of the terms used are not
+found in the dictionaries, at least with any appropriate meaning. Thus,
+_paz_ is now applied to the swathing bands of infants; _cucul_ is the
+cradle or bundle in which infants are fastened; while _ta[c]h_ I have
+not found at all. Guzman gives the expression, _titil [t]ana abah, caka
+uleuh xak_, with the explanation, "Colores con que ungian los senores,"
+and _Ah titil_, etc., "Senores ungidos de estos colores quando eran
+puestos en senorios." (_Compendio de Nombres en Lengua Cakchiquel_, MS.,
+170-4.)
+
+_[t]u[t]u cot_; _cot_, eagle; _[t]u[t]_, the general term for various
+species of quetzals, birds with brilliant green plumage. The reference
+seems to be to one of the magical metamorphoses of [t]a[t]avitz.[TN-30]
+
+42. The difficulties experienced in their first endeavors to adopt a
+sedentary and agricultural life are described.
+
+_chicop [c]uch_, the "zopilote," or carrion vulture. Possibly this
+refers to a gens so designated.
+
+43. In this paragraph the writer expresses himself with great
+directness.
+
+_[c]a chimin_, etc. As my translation differs considerably from
+Brasseur's, I add his: "En se mariant ils firent l'euvre de la chair
+vraiment trop grande. Etant entres pour se baigner, ils y rompirent leur
+nature et gaspillerent leur semence. Beaucoup y entrerent dit-on, pour
+completer l'euvre charnelle, on la commit une seconde fois, le jeu s'y
+etablit absolument, et l'on forniqua par devant et par derriere."
+
+44. This section offers an important description of the ancient methods
+of worship.
+
+_[c]axto[c]._ See the Introduction, p. 40.
+
+_mez_, the house cat, but as this animal was not known to the natives
+before the Conquest, some other animal must be intended.
+
+_holom ocox_, "head fungus." I follow Brasseur in translating this the
+maguey thorns, without being able to justify it.
+
+_Chay Abah._ See Introduction, p. 43.
+
+46. Whitewashing the interior of hollow trees with lime from the
+excrements of birds and tigers, sounds so extraordinary that we may
+suspect a mythical sense in the paragraph.
+
+_chi [c]ohom_, from _[c]oh_, to dance the sacred dances in their
+religious rites, "the place of the sacred ceremonies."
+
+Cay Noh, Two Noh, Cay Batz, Two Batz, named after the days of their
+birth. See Introduction, p. 33.
+
+47. _The same who came from Tulan._ Therefore, from the beginning of the
+narrative to the present passage, merely the adult life of one man has
+elapsed.
+
+48. On the positions of the _[t]alel_ and _ahuchan_, see Introduction,
+p. 37.
+
+_ret ri Cactecauh_, "the sign of Zactecauh." The precise meaning of this
+expression escapes me.
+
+_[c]hopiytzel._ See Sec. 30 for the occurrence alluded to.
+
+49. _Tepeuh_ is identified by Brasseur with the king _Itztayul_, of the
+Quiches (_Hist. Mexique_, II, p. 485). He considers it a Nahuatl word,
+but I have elsewhere maintained that it is from the Maya-Cakchiquel root
+_tep_, filled up, abundantly supplied. See _The Names of the Gods in the
+Kiche Myths_, pp. 11, 12. It is a term often applied to their Supreme
+Being.
+
+52. _Cakbrakan_, the god of the earthquake. The myths concerning him are
+given in the _Popol Vuh_.
+
+_Quite to the far East_, literally, "and even to the sunrise."
+
+_ba[c,]bal_, anything drawn out in threads, gold thread, cotton thread,
+etc. If the word is to be construed adjectively, _puak ba[c,]pal_ would
+mean "worked metal."
+
+56. _Ahpop Xahil_, etc.; on the meaning of these titles, see the
+Introduction, p. 36-7.
+
+63. _Ya [c]otox ul_; _[c]ot_, to chisel, engrave, originally to cut
+into; hence, applied to the deep valleys or canons which the rivers cut
+into the soil.
+
+_Ochal_ or _Qabouil Civan_; the latter name means "the god of the
+ravine." The location of this city is unknown, except that it was near
+the Pacific. The general position of the Akahals was to the east of the
+Cakchiquels. See Brasseur, _Hist. Mexique_, Tom. II, pp. 502, 530.
+
+64. _Me[t]enalah huyu_, a town in the warm district, the _tierra
+caliente_, near the southern or Pacific coast.
+
+_chuvi vi te_, etc. The translation is doubtful. I follow Brasseur.
+
+66. The names of the four rulers here inserted seem to be of those who
+held the power after Citan Qatu. Why the author does not relate any
+incidents of their lives is uncertain. Perhaps they did not belong to
+his family, and as he was writing rather a family than a national
+history, he omitted them for this reason. Compare Sec. 75.
+
+67. The Quiche king, Qikab, is frequently mentioned in the _Popol Vuh_.
+His full name was _[t]a[t]-[c]i-[t]ab_, The Many Hands of Fire.
+
+79. _They wished that the roads should be free_; _rambey akan_, "la
+franchise des chemins." I do not find the expression in the
+dictionaries.
+
+83. _Mixutzin malo_, "the augury is finished." The _malol ixim_ was the
+augur who divined the future by throwing up grains of corn, and
+forecasting from the relative positions they assumed on falling. See
+Introd., p. 47.
+
+_cunum cachak_, a term of contempt; literally "their genitals, their
+dung."
+
+The _Ratzamut_. See Introd., p. 21.
+
+84. _Burning many roads_; destroying the houses and crops behind them.
+
+90. _hu chuvy, ca chuvy_; in the numeral system of the Cakchiquels a
+_chuvy_ is 8000, but the expression is frequently, as here, to be taken
+figuratively, like our "myriads."
+
+93. _ah-xit_, etc. On these titles see the Introduction, pp. 18, 19.
+
+94. _Vica[t] nu mam_, "the leaves or branches of my ancestor," referring
+to the fact that the Cakchiquels were of the same blood as the Akahals.
+
+96. _Cakli[c]ahol_, etc. This rendering, which is Brasseur's, I am
+unable to verify.
+
+_tok relic chic ahauh lahuh noh_; perhaps this should read, "then came
+the chief Lahuh Noh." So Brasseur translates it.
+
+102. _There were four women_, etc. This curious passage is so
+differently translated by Brasseur, that I add his rendering:--
+
+"Quatre femmes alors s'etant revetues de cottes de mailles,
+ensanglanterent leurs arcs et prirent part a la bataille; elles
+s'etaient accompagnes de quatres jeunes gens et leurs fleches allerent
+frapper au milieu du tapis de Chucuybatzin, lances qu' elles etaient par
+ces heros.... Le capitaine de bataille exposa ensuite les nudites de ces
+femmes devant les murailles des Zotziles et des Xahiles d'ou ces femmes
+etaient sorties."
+
+The future student will decide between these very diverse explanations
+of the text.
+
+106. _Stopped the messengers of the ruler._ The translation is doubtful.
+
+109. The people of Mixco or Mixcu were Pokomams. (See Sec. 85.)
+
+110. _The Yaquis of Xivico_; the _Yaquis_ were Aztecs. It is the Nahuatl
+_yaqui_, merchants, as it was in this capacity that they first became
+known to the tribes of Guatemala.
+
+117. This year, 1511 of our era, appears to have been the first of
+official relations between the Aztecs and the tribes of Guatemala.
+
+118. The author speaks of himself for the first time. It may be presumed
+that it was one of his earliest recollections.
+
+120. _The doves_; possibly flights of wild pigeons.
+
+124. _Hu may_; on the reckoning of time see the Introduction, p. 31.
+
+127. _[c]hac_, the pestilence. Brasseur translates this "la maladie
+syphilitique." The vowel is long, _[c]haac_. It is a word applied to any
+eruptive disease, to the whole class of exanthemata. From the symptoms,
+I am inclined to believe that it was an epidemic of malignant measles, a
+disease very fatal to the natives of Central America.
+
+128. _Diego Juan._ Why this Spanish name is given, I cannot explain.
+Brasseur gets over the difficulty by translating "le pere de Diego
+Juan," but this is not the sense of the original. Of course, _tata_ and
+_mama_ are here used in their vague sense, as expressions of courtesy.
+See Introduction, p. 35.
+
+144. Pedro de Alvarado, called the _Adelantado_, a Spanish title
+formerly given to a governor of a province, and by his Mexican allies,
+_Tonatiuh_, the Sun or Sun-God, reached the city of Gumarcaah, or
+Utlatlan in the early spring of 1524.
+
+147. _Were burned alive._ "As I knew their evil intentions, and to keep
+the people quiet, I burned them, and ordered their city razed to its
+foundation," writes Alvarado to Cortes. _Relacion, etc._
+
+_400 men._ Alvarado writes _cuatro mil hombres_, "four thousand men."
+
+148. _The palace of Tzupam._ Perhaps the palace described by Fuentes.
+See Introduction, p. 24. Alvarado speaks of the friendly reception he
+met with: "I could not have been more warmly welcomed to the house of my
+father." _Otra Relacion_, etc. His first visit was for eight days, April
+11-19, 1524.
+
+_Pa hul_, etc. This obscure passage is translated by Brasseur in his MS.
+as follows: "Vous avez vu la-bas leur tombeau qui est au milieu des
+autres;" whereas, in his _Hist. du Mexique_, Tom. IV, p. 651, he
+translates the whole of this reply of the Cakchiquel king by these
+words: "Eh quoi! aurais-je envoye mes guerriers et mes braves mourir
+pour vous et chercher un tombeau a Gumarcaah, si j'avais eu des
+intentions si perfides!"
+
+This comparison will illustrate how differently he construed the
+passage, and also what excessive license he took with his authorities.
+
+171. The order assigning the Oidor Alonso de Maldonado to take charge of
+Guatemala, is dated Oct. 27, 1535, and he arrived there in the following
+May.
+
+On his return from Spain, Alvarado landed at Puerto de Caballos, April
+4, 1539, and reached the city of Guatemala Sept. 16th of the same year.
+
+"On account of his lineage," _Ruma ru chinamital_; the expression is not
+clear.
+
+173.[TN-31] "Prince of the city," _Ahauh pa tinamit_; see Sec. 168. Cahi
+Imox and others had returned to settle in Iximche, and their actions had
+become suspicious.
+
+173. Francisco de Alvarado was either the uncle or cousin of Don Pedro.
+
+The Adelantado died July 5, 1541, from an injury received while
+attacking the stronghold of Nochistlan.
+
+174. This disaster occurred on the night of Sept. 10-11th, 1541.
+
+The mission referred to is mentioned by Torquemada, _Monarquia Indiana_,
+Lib. XIX, Cap. XIV. Pedro de Angulo and his companion reached Guatemala
+in 1539.
+
+175. "On account of ashes," _Ruma chah_; Brasseur translates this
+expression, "a cause de billevesees."
+
+176. Juan Rogel was one of the "oidores."
+
+177. Alonso Lopez Cerrato entered upon his duties in Guatemala May 26,
+1548.
+
+179. Pedro Ramirez de Quinones. The actor in this attempt was one of the
+oidores. Bancroft, who refers to the quarrel between the Governor and
+Bishop Marroquin, does not satisfactorily explain it. See his _Hist. of
+Central America_, Vol. II, pp. 326-7. On Ramirez, see Juarros, _Hist.
+Guatemala_, Tom. I, pp. 235-6.
+
+181. Antonio Rodriguez de Quezada took possession of the Presidency of
+Guatemala Jan. 14, 1554, and retained it till his death in November,
+1558; he was succeeded by Pedro Ramirez. (Comp. Juarros, I, p. 255, with
+Bancroft, _Hist. Cent. Am._, II, p. 358, who says 1555.)
+
+181.[TN-32] "There was but little between them," _Xa [c]a halal qui cohol
+ahauh_; this expression is not clear. There appears to be considerable
+vagueness in the writer's chronology in this passage.
+
+"He did not condemn any one, because he had no time," _Mani xuban ru
+[t]atbaltzih, mani xyaloh_; an ignorant statement, since he held the
+Presidency about four years.
+
+The reading of the last sentence is doubtful.
+
+182. Vico was killed in the summer of 1555.
+
+184. The expedition against the Lacandons took place early in 1559.
+
+
+
+
+VOCABULARY.
+
+
+=A=, _n._ A year; the thigh; _pron._ thy.
+
+=Abah=, _n._ A stone; a jar; the private parts.
+
+=Aca=, _part._ Related, affined. See p. 32.
+
+=Ach.= A prefix indicating companionship.
+
+=Achak=, _n._ Excrement, offal, refuse, waste.
+
+=Achcayupil=, _n._ Quilted cotton defensive armor; or perhaps a
+two-pointed lance; from _ach_, united; _cay_, two; _uopih_, to wound
+with a lance. See p. 18.
+
+=Achii=, _n._ Man (vir).
+
+=Achpe=, _v._ To accompany one.
+
+=Achpetic=, _n._ That which accompanies one.
+
+=Achya=, _v._ To receive (Brasseur); to give with.
+
+=Achyaic=, _n._ That which is given along with something else; _yaic_,
+passive verbal from _ya_, to give.
+
+=Aco[c,]ih=, _v._ (For the more usual _[t]ocih_). To strike or beat,
+especially a drum.
+
+=Ah=, _n._ Name of a day. A prefix. _Gram._ p. 55.
+
+=Ahauh=, _n._ Ruler, chief, lord. See p. 36.
+
+=Ahauarem=, _n._ Majesty, power.
+
+=Ahcic=, _adv._ Up, above, on top.
+
+=Ahilah=, _v._ To count or reckon with grains of corn or cacao, after the
+Indian fashion.
+
+=Ahilan=, _v._ To count, to number.
+
+=Ahlabal=, _n._ Warrior, fighting man. See _Labal_.
+
+=Aho=, _v._ To wish, to like.
+
+=Ahpop=, _n._ The head chief. "_El cacique mayor._[TN-33] See p. 36.
+
+=Ahpop[c]amahay=, _n._ An official messenger, especially an official sent
+to collect tribute. See p. 36.
+
+=Ah-tzih=, _n._ Speaker, orator. See p. 37.
+
+=Ah-[c,]ib=,[TN-34] _n._ A scribe.
+
+=Akah=, _n._ A hornet.
+
+=Akan=, _n._ Leg, foot.
+
+=Al=, _n._ Son, child.
+
+=Alabil=, _n._ Slave, servant.
+
+=Alah=, _v._ To bear, to carry; hence, to bring forth, to give birth to,
+as a woman a child.
+
+=Alan=, _v._ To ridicule, depreciate.
+
+=Ama[t]=, _n._ Village, tribe, region or district. See p. 33.
+
+=An=, _part._ An emphatic particle, truly, really.
+
+=Aneh=, _v._ To flee, escape.
+
+=Anom=, _n._ A fugitive.
+
+=At=, _pron._ Thou.
+
+=Atinicah=, _v._ To bathe.
+
+=Avan=, _n._ Crops, plantings.
+
+=A[t]a=, _n._ Night, darkness.
+
+=A[c,]axah=, _v._ To hear, to listen to.
+
+
+=Bak=, _v._ To bore. _n._ A bone.
+
+=Bala=, _adv._ Where.
+
+=Balam=, _n._ A tiger.
+
+=Balbaxin=, _adj._ Twisted, interlaced, dense.
+
+=Ban=, _v._ 1. To make, to do, or cause to do. 2. To ask. 3. To dress, or
+arrange one's apparel.
+
+=Bay=, _n._ A mole, a ground animal.
+
+=Ba[c,]=, _n._ What is spun, as cotton, or drawn into fine threads as
+gold. _n._ A monkey.
+
+=Be=, _v._ To go.
+
+=Belehe=, _adv._ Nine.
+
+=Bey=, _n._ Path, road, route.
+
+=Bi=, _n._ A name; _ru bi_, his or its name.
+
+=Bijh=, _v._ To speak, to talk.
+
+=Bijn=, _v._ To walk, to go on foot.
+
+=Birbot=, _v._ To make a loud, rumbling noise. _Ti birbot, ti nicnot_, it
+roars and it rumbles, of the volcano (Varea).
+
+=Bitol=, _n._ The creator. See p. 40.
+
+=Bix=, _n._ 1. Songs, chants, poems. 2. Sparks from a fire (p. 17).
+
+=Bok=, _v._ To tear up; to pull down; to sell for another; to translate:
+to defeat.
+
+=Bol=, _v._ To make deep trenches in the soil ("as the Indians of the
+Sierra." Varea).
+
+=Boleh=, _v._ To go in a row, in a series, or in a procession. Applied to
+mountains, when one rises upon another (Varea).
+
+=Boz=, _vn._ To issue forth; hence, of flowers, to open, to blow; of a
+butterfly, to come forth from the cocoon; of chicks, to come from the
+egg; of grains of maize, to burst; of men, to proceed from, to be born;
+_xeboco_, the absolute form.
+
+
+=Cabih=, _n._ Day after to-morrow.
+
+=Cacouh=, _n._ Cacao.
+
+=Cah=, _n._ The sky, heaven, the atmospheric region.
+
+=Cah=, _or_ =Cahi=, _adv._ Four.
+
+=Cahlahuh=, _adv._ Fourteen.
+
+=Cahmah=, _v._ To meet a repulse, defeat.
+
+=Cak=, _adj._ Red.
+
+=Cakix=, _n._ A bird. See p. 199.
+
+=Cal=, _n._ That which is united or joined.
+
+=Camel=, _n._ A mortal. _Adj._ Humble.
+
+=Camicah=, _v._ To kill, to slay, to destroy.
+
+=Can=, _adv._ Remaining, aforesaid, already. See _Gram._, p. 65.
+
+=Cana=, _n._ A captive taken in war.
+
+=Canah=, _v._ To remain, to leave; _ti canay_, neuter, it appears, it is
+found.
+
+=Cani=, _adv._ Soon, shortly.
+
+=Canoh=, _v._ To seek, to search for.
+
+=Car=, _n._ Fish, generic name.
+
+=Cauh=, _n._ Ornaments, adornments.
+
+=Cavach=, _n._ Likeness, resemblance.
+
+=Cavuh=, =Cauh=, _v._ To place anew, to notify, to prepare; to change, to
+put on again.
+
+=Cay=, _adv._ Two.
+
+=Ca[c]=, _n._ Cock (Br).
+
+=Cib=, _n._ Smoke, vapor.
+
+=Civan=, _n._ A ravine, barranca.
+
+=Ci[c]=, _v._ To lift up the voice, _n._ Shoutings.
+
+=Co.= A concessive particle. Good! Bravo! Courage! On!
+
+=Col=, _v._ To free, to liberate; to redeem, to save; _xoh ru col J. C.
+chuvach cruz._ Christ redeemed us on the cross.
+
+=Coon=, _n._ For _cun_, pudenda of a woman (Xim); hence, woman.
+
+=Cot=, _n._ The eagle.
+
+=Cou=, _n._ Something rough and violent.
+
+=Couiricah=, _v._ To strengthen, to invigorate.
+
+=Covil=, _adj._ Bold, courageous.
+
+=Coz=, _v._ To rest.
+
+=Cucu=, _n._ Large vase for water.
+
+=Cucul=, _n._ Cradle.
+
+=Cuke=, _v._ To seat onesself.
+
+=Cuker=, _v._ To be seated; to be content.
+
+=Cumatz=, _n._ A serpent (gen). An eel.
+
+=Cunum Cachak.= See p. 206.
+
+=Cuyu[c]h=, _n._ A species of parrot.
+
+
+=Ca=, _v._ To expose or show to the sun; to dry. _Met._; _cao ru vach_, to
+show one's face, to recover power.
+
+=Cach=, _v._ To lose, to become lost.
+
+=Cak=, _adj._ White; bright; light. _n._ A white or clear thing. A
+clearing in the forest, cleared land (Varea).
+
+=Cahcab=, _n._ p. 12, for
+
+=Cakcab=, _n._ Literally, white honey; white varnish (Brasseur). Probably
+"war paint."
+
+=Caker=, _v._ To make white, light or clear. To clear a space in the
+forest (Varea). See p. 199.
+
+=Cakcorovach=, _n._ The dove or quail.
+
+=Cakquiy=, _n._ The maguey, used in making rope, etc.
+
+=Ca[t]ih= for =Cak[t]ih=, _n._ Literally, white days, applied to the spring
+of the year. See p. 198.
+
+=Camahel=, _n._ Messengers.
+
+=Canay=, _n._ Sand.
+
+=Ca[t]ul=, _n._ A plantain; in gen. any kind of vegetable.
+
+=Ca[c]=, _n._ Locusts.
+
+=Ce=, _v._ To row.
+
+=Cel=, _n._ A large painted vase for bathing (jicara pintado, Anon).[TN-35]
+
+=Cetecic=, _adj._ Circular, rounded. See p. 18.
+
+=Cipah=, _v._ To present, to offer.
+
+=Col=, _v._ for Tzolih, q. v.
+
+=Col=, _v._ To upheave, to make a revolution.
+
+=Colo=, _v._ To turn about; to return; to go back.
+
+=Co[c]=, _n._ A bat.
+
+=Cubak=, _n._ A kind of flute.
+
+=Cutulakin=, _v._ To render homage.
+
+=Cuq=, _n._ A cloud, the clouds.
+
+
+=Cha=, _v._ To say, to tell, to speak.
+
+=Chacan=, _v._ To cover, enclose; to be within or on.
+
+=Chactit= ?, from Cha[t], something tied or sewed.
+
+=Ch[)a]h=, _n._ The pine tree, the ocote pine.
+
+=Chah=, _n._ Ashes, cinders.
+
+=Chapalcivan=, _n._ See p. 197.
+
+=Chahih=, _v._ To guard, to watch; to protect; to keep. _Chahal civan_,
+the guard of the ravine. See _Gram._, p. 42.
+
+=Chahir=, _v._ To burn, to reduce to cinders. From _chah_.
+
+=Chaomal=, _n._ Beauty, fruitfulness.
+
+=Chaomar=, _v._ To yield abundantly.
+
+=Chap=, _v._ To seize, to take, to take possession of.
+
+=Chay=, _n._ A stone. See p. 18.
+
+=Cha[t]abeh=, _v._ To receive with pleasure, to take gladly.
+
+=Chee=, _n._ Wood, stick, tree.
+
+=Chi=, _n._ Mouth; aperture, opening; gate; mouth of a river; coast of the
+sea; edge or border.
+
+=Chi.= 1. With, by, to, for, against. 2. In order to, that, and 3. While,
+during, being.
+
+=Chic.= 1. A verbal particle, denoting past time. 2. Already, more. Before
+_vi_, the _c_ is dropped, as _hun chi vi_, once more.
+
+=Chicah.= Above, upon, upwards.
+
+=Chicohol.= Between yourselves.
+
+=Chicop.= A brute, an animal as distinguished from man; _met._; a brutish
+man. See p. 39.
+
+=Chiih (chi ih).= Upon, on.
+
+=Chila.= There, that way.
+
+=Chin.= For, by, by means of, thus.
+
+=Chinak=, _interrog._ Who, which, what?
+
+=Chinamit=, _n._ Town, village. See p. 32.
+
+=Chique.= To, for those.
+
+=Chiquichin.= To, for those.
+
+=Chiquih.= Against those.
+
+=Chire.= To, for him, that one.
+
+=Chirih.= Behind, against that one; from, out of.
+
+=Chivach.= Before yourselves.
+
+=Chive.= To, for, against yourselves.
+
+=Cho.= To, for, in, until, towards.
+
+=Chocola=, _adj._ In common, communal.
+
+=Cholol=, _v._ To place in order, to arrange.
+
+=Chom=, _n._ A lobster.
+
+=Choy=, _n._ A lake.
+
+=Chucohol=, _prep._ Among, between.
+
+=Chuluc=, _n._ Urine.
+
+=Chun=, _n._ Lime.
+
+=Chunah=, _v._ To whitewash.
+
+=Chupam=, _prep._ Within, in.
+
+=Chuvi=, _prep._ Upon, over, on; _chuvi huyu_, on or upon the mountain.
+
+
+=Echa=, _n._ Edible fruits and vegetables. A generic word.
+
+=Elah=, _v._ To humble, to submit to.
+
+=Elebal=, _n._ The place whence something comes forth; as _relebal cib_,
+the exit of the smoke, _i. e._, the chimney (Varea); hence, _relebal
+[t]ih_, the sunrise.
+
+=Ele[t]ah=, _v._ To steal, to rob.
+
+=Ele[t]om=, _n._ A thief, a robber.
+
+=Et=, _n._ A mark, sign. _v._ To mark, designate.
+
+=Etamah=, _v._ To know, to understand; from _et_, a mark or sign.
+
+
+=Ha=, _pron._ He, it, that one; it is so; _ha ri_, it is thus; _ha ok_, at
+that time, then, when.
+
+=Hab=, _n._ Rain.
+
+=Hach=, _v._ To divide, to separate.
+
+=Hak=, _v._ To open (a door, the mouth, etc).
+
+=Hal=, _v._ To change, to alter. See p. 46.
+
+=Halal=, _adv._ A little, briefly.
+
+=Halebal=, _n._ That by which one changes or transforms himself, a magic
+power; an instrumental form from _hal_, to change one's garments, etc.
+See p. 46.
+
+=Halizin=, _n._ A change, an alteration; a change of raiment; the hair of
+the head (Br).
+
+=Hay=, _n._ House, home. See p. 33.
+
+=He=, _pron._ Those, their.
+
+=Hetah=, _adv._ See _Tak_.
+
+=He[c]=, _v._ To drive or force away.
+
+=Hilil=, _v._ To thunder, to rumble.
+
+=Hique=, _v._ For [c]hique, _q. v._
+
+=Hit=, _v._ To promise, make vows; to offer.
+
+=Hi[t]uh=, _v._ To ardently desire, to covet.
+
+=Hi[c,]=, _v._ To hang.
+
+=Hol=,   } _v._ To concede, grant.
+=Holih=, }
+
+=Holom=, _n._ The head, a chief.
+
+=Homet=, _n._ Bark of trees.
+
+=Hote=, _v._ To rise, to go up, to mount.
+
+=Hox=, _n._ Branch of a tree.
+
+=Hox=, _v._ To copulate, of men or beasts.
+
+=Hoye=, _part._ Expressing compassion.
+
+=Hoyevah=,      } _v._ To have compassion, to extend mercy, to
+=Hoye ru vach=, } spare.
+
+=Hucu=, _n._ A boat, canoe; a large dish.
+
+=Hucumah=, _adv._ Soon, promptly.
+
+=Hul=, _n._ A hole, a pit, a grave, etc.
+
+=Huley=, _adj._ Deep, profound.
+
+=Huluhut or Hulhut=, _n._ Something burning, on fire.
+
+=Hun=, _adv._ One; a or an.
+
+=Hunamah=, _v._ To make equal, to make ready, prepare.
+
+=Hunchic=, _adv._ The other.
+
+=Hutak=, _adv._ See _Tak_.
+
+=Hu[c]icic=, _adv._ Only, alone, solely.
+
+=Huyu=, _n._ Mountain, hill, mound; a land or country, or place of
+residence (_nu huyubal_, mi pueblo, Varea). The interior as opposed to
+the coast. See _Ta[t]ah_.
+
+
+=Ikan=, _n._ A load, a burden, tribute, tax.
+
+=Iki[t]a=, _n._ The right hand. _[t]a_ hand.
+
+=Il=, _v. a._ To reach, to get, to see, to obtain; _n._ to get to, to
+arrive at.
+
+=Il=, _n._ Fault, blame.
+
+=In=, _pron._ I.
+
+=Ixim=, _n._ Maize.
+
+=Ixok=, _n._ A woman.
+
+=I[c]o=, _v._ To pass on or beyond; to exceed, surpass.
+
+=I[c]ovibeh=, _v._ To go on, or beyond.
+
+
+=Ka=, _pron._ Our.
+
+=Kacah=, _v._ To put down, to conquer, to destroy.
+
+=Kah=, _v._ To descend, descending. See _Gram._, p,[TN-36] 64.
+
+=Kahibal=, _n._ The place of descent; hence, _kahibal [t]ih_, the sunset.
+
+=Kel=, _v._ To disobey.
+
+=Ki=, _part._ An interrogative; also, denoting affirmation; often used
+merely to give strength to an assertion. _Gram._, p. 71.
+
+=Koch=, _n._ The crow.
+
+=Kul=, _n._ The neck.
+
+=Kup=, _v._ To seize, take by force.
+
+=Kuruh=, _v._ To draw or drag out or on.
+
+
+=Lab=, _n._ A portent, an augury. See pp. 39, 47.
+
+=Labal=, _n._ An enemy, opponent.
+
+=Labalih=, _v._ To make war, to fight. See p. 47.
+
+=Lehah=, _v._ To fall sick; to grow weak; to be overcome or conquered.
+
+=Lakam=, _n._ The war banner, "bandera de la guerra."
+
+=Lakeh=, _v._ To bring, to carry, to give.
+
+=Lam=, _n._ The hard part; trunk of a tree, etc.
+
+=Lamaba.= To detain one, to prevent him from going.
+
+=La[t]abeh=, _v._ To enter into a place, to dwell there; to occupy as a
+residence (_entrar a morar en casa._ Varea).
+
+=La[t]eh=, _v._ To join or unite two things; especially to unite in the
+sexual act.
+
+=Lob=, _n._ Magical power.
+
+=Lol=, _n._ The silence or state of desertion left by a pestilence, etc.
+See p. 38.
+
+=Lo[t]=, _v._ To prize, to hold dear, to esteem.
+
+
+=Macamo=, _v._ To take alarm, to be frightened, to wonder at.
+
+=Maha=, _adv._ Even not, not yet.
+
+=Mahanick</b>, _adv._ Before that, previous to.
+
+=Malohic</b>, _n._ A preparation of maize (?).
+
+=Mam</b>, _n._ Grandchild.
+
+=Mama</b>, _n._ An old man; _pl._ _mamaa_, the old men; _nu mama_, my
+ancestors; also the rulers of a village; applied to animals it means the
+male of the species.
+
+=Mani</b>, _adv._ No, not.
+
+=May</b>, _v._ A cycle, especially of 20 years. _May [t]ih_, a calendar for
+calculating cycles. See p. 31.
+
+=Meal=, _n._ A daughter.
+
+=Meba=, _adj._ Poor.
+
+=Meh=, _n._ A gable in a roof; an angle; a fold in clothing, etc.
+
+=Meho=, _v._ To make an angle or fold; hence, to go to a place and return
+from it.
+
+=Mem=, _n._ A dumb man; to be dumb.
+
+=Mez=, _n._ A cat. See p. 44.
+
+=Meztah=, _v._ To forget.
+
+=Me[t]en=, _adj._ Warm, hot.
+
+=Mi=, _adv._ Particle, denoting recent past time, prefixed to form the
+proximate preterit tense.
+
+=Mier=, _adv._ Already, previously.
+
+=Mi[c]h=, _v._ To tear up, to tear out or down.
+
+=Mi[c]hoh=, _v._ To lie to, to deceive; to ridicule, to laugh at, to mock.
+
+=Mol=, _v._ To gather together scattered things, to fill up, to collect.
+
+=Moyeuh=, _n._ A fog, the mist.
+
+=Muh=, _n._ Shade, shadow; hence, fig. protection, guardianship. See p.
+20.
+
+=Muk=, _v._ To hide, to conceal; to bury.
+
+=Mun=, _adj._ Hungry, _n._ A slave. See p. 39.
+
+
+=Na=, _adv._ A particle denoting priority, from _nabey_, first; hence,
+_navipe_, and, also, next, until, presently. See _Gram._, p. 65.
+
+=Na=, _v._ To know, to learn.
+
+=Nabey=, _adv._ First.
+
+=Nabeyah=, _v._ To be first.
+
+=Naek=, _adv._ Although, but.
+
+=Nano=, _v._ To receive more than another.
+
+=Nanoh=, _adj._ Known, said; hence, _xa nanoh_, already known, aforesaid,
+etc. From _na_, to know.
+
+=Naval=, _n._ Knowledge, wisdom; especially occult knowledge, magic,
+sorcery. See p. 46.
+
+=Nicnic=, _v._ To quiver, to tremble.
+
+=Nima=, _adj._ Great, _n._ A great thing.
+
+=Nimah=, _v._ To make great, to adore.
+
+=Nimal=, _n._ The elder brother; the head of a home.
+
+=Ni[c]ah=, _n._ The middle, the center.
+
+=Ni[c]ahal=, _n._ The middle parts of anything; the sexual parts,
+etc[TN-37]
+
+=Nu=, _pron._ My, mine.
+
+
+=Oc=, _v._ To enter.
+
+=Ochoch=, _n._ House. See p. 33.
+
+=Ocox=, _n._ Fungus, of the edible variety.
+
+=Oh=, _pron._ We.
+
+=Oh=, _adv._ Sign of the imperative. _Oh a [c]ama pe lae queh_, Bring that
+horse (Varea).
+
+=Ohb=, _n._ A cough.
+
+=Oher=, _adv._ Formerly, in ancient times.
+
+=Ok=, _adv._ When; also the imperative particle.
+
+=Okok=, _n._ Wild goose.
+
+=Oquecah=, _v._ To put something in something; hence, to put on one's
+clothes, to dress onesself. From _oc_, to enter. _Met._ to obey.
+
+=Oro=, _v._ To bore, to pierce, to hollow out.
+
+=Oxlahuh=, _adv._ Thirteen.
+
+=Oyevar=, _v._ To become angry.
+
+=Oyobeh=, _v._ To hope.
+
+=O[t]=, _v._ To weep, to cry.
+
+=O[t]eh=, _n._ A wail, a weeping. _v._ To bewail.
+
+
+=Pa=, _prep._ In, to; _tan qui be pa huyu_, I am going to the
+mountain[TN-38] _pa hay_, in the house. Before a vowel, _pan_ is used.
+
+=Pac or Pacay=. The anona, the custard apple.
+
+=Pacac=, _v._ To dawn.
+
+=Pae=, _v._ To be on foot, to stand, to be at.
+
+=Palah=, _v._ To annoy, to bother.
+
+=Palouh=, _n._ The ocean, the sea; called also _nima ya_, the great water.
+See p. 195.
+
+=Patan=, _v._ Tribute, tax. See p. 39.
+
+=Pax=, _v._ To break; to put to flight, to scatter.
+
+=Paz=, _n._ Swathing bands; folding robes.
+
+=Pe=, _v._ To come. Often used in a peculiar gerundive sense, as a verbal
+particle. See _Gram._, p. 64.
+
+=Pek=, _n._ The fruit tree called Pataxte (Guzman).
+
+=Pixa=, _n._ Order, command, direction.
+
+=Pixabah=, _v._ To order, to command.
+
+=Po=, _v._ 1. To cry out loudly. 2. To be angry with some one.
+
+=Pocob=, _n._ A shield. See p. 18.
+
+=Poklah=, _n._ Dust.
+
+=Pokon=, _n._ Trouble, pain.
+
+=Pop=, _n._ A mat; _popoh_, a council. See p. 36.
+
+=Poroh=, _v._ To burn, to set on fire.
+
+=Poye=, _v._ To put[TN-39] one side, to neglect.
+
+=Po[c]h=, _v._ To divide, to split.
+
+=Puak or Puvak=, _n._ Silver; money, coin. See p. 19.
+
+=Pub=, _n._ The blow-gun, p. 18.
+
+=Puz=, _n._ Power, magic. See p. 46.
+
+=Pu[t]=, _v._ To break up ground; to soak in water; to dissolve or to make
+into dust. Hence, _n._ fire, dust.
+
+
+=Que=, _pron._ They, used with absolute, passive and neuter verbs.
+_Gram._, p. 47.
+
+=Queh=, _n._ A deer.
+
+=Quere=, _adv._ Thus, as, even so; _quere[c]a_, therefore; _querera_, as
+this; _querelae_, as that.
+
+=Qui=, _pron._ Those, their.
+
+=Quichin=, _pron._ Of them.
+
+=Quicot=, _v._ To rejoice, to delight in.
+
+=Quir=, _v._ To unloose, untie.
+
+=Qui[c]=, _n._ Blood.
+
+
+=Rah=, _v._ To wish, _tivaho_, I wish; (absolute) _xraho_, he wished.
+
+=Ramon=, _n._ A piece, a bit.
+
+=Ramoneh=, _v._ To reduce to pieces, to overcome.
+
+=Rax=, _adj._ Green, blue; precious, noble; renowned, famous.
+
+=Raxah=, _n._ A tree, a species of plantain.
+
+=Ri=, _pron._ He, she[TN-40] it; this, that; often used in the sense of
+definite article, _ri huyu_, the hill.
+
+=Richin=, _pron._ Of that one, of him, his, its.
+
+=Ruma=, _prep._ By, for, with.
+
+
+=Tacaxepeval=, _n._ Name of the first month of the native calendar.
+
+=Tak=, _v._ To send, to call one, to despatch to one. _Gram._, p.
+42.[TN-41]
+
+=Tahin=, _part._ Of present time.
+
+=Tak=, _adv._ A particle conveying the idea of recurrence or repetition,
+as _hetak_, _hutak_, p. 12. See _Gram._, p. 72.
+
+=Takchibal=, _n._ That which incites, or persuades. An instrumental form
+from _takchiih_.
+
+=Takchiih=, _v._ To incite, move, induce.
+
+=Takeh=, _v._ To obey.
+
+=Tan=, _adv._ Now, at present; particle of present time.
+
+=Tap=, _n._ Crab.
+
+=Tata=, _n._ Father. Originally the reduplication of the particle of
+courtesy, _ta_, which is now used by and to married people. It also
+means lord, ruler. Cf. _Gram._, p. 72.
+
+=Ta[t]ah=, _n._ A plain; the sea coast as opposed to the interior. See
+_Huyu_.
+
+=Ta[c]h=, _n._
+
+=Tecpan=, _n._ See p. 13.
+
+=Tee=, _n._ Mother. See p. 35.
+
+=Telep=, _v._ To carry on the shoulders.
+
+=Telechuh=, _v._ To wrestle; to take captive; to tie with cords.
+
+=Tem=, _n._ A bench or seat. See p. 20.
+
+=Tepeval=, _n._ Sovereignty, power.
+
+=Teuh=, _adj._ Cold.
+
+=Ti=, _v._ To eat, to bite.
+
+=Ti=, _pron._ He, it, she; you.
+
+=Tih=, _v._ To give to eat, to feed; to invite; to try, to test; to teach,
+to instruct.
+
+=Tih=, _n._ The doctrine, the teaching.
+
+=Tihoh=, _v._ To teach another.
+
+=Tinamit=, _n._ Town, city.
+
+=Tiohil=, _n._ The body, the bulk of an animal.
+
+=Tiquer=, _v._ To begin, to commence.
+
+=Titil=, _n._ A color. See p. 204.
+
+=Tiuh tiuh=, _n._ See p. 196.
+
+=Tixli=, _n._ The tapir.
+
+=Ti[c]uil=, _v._ To be rooted in the ground. See [c]uil.
+
+=To=, _v._ To aid, to succor.
+
+=Tohoh=, _v._ To make a loud noise, to thunder. See p. 199.
+
+=Tol=, _v._ To abandon.
+
+=Toloba=, _v._ To desert, abandon, forsake.
+
+=Tooh=, _n._ Weapons, of all kinds.
+
+=To[t]=, _v._ To shoot up, to burst forth.
+
+=To[t]=, _v._ To push in, to insert.
+
+=To[t]e=, _v._ To arrive at a place.
+
+=Tuc=, _v._ To turn, revolve, move about.
+
+=Tucur=, _n._ The owl.
+
+=Tulul=, _n._ The zapote tree.
+
+=Tun=, _n._ A native drum; a branch, a sprout, a twig.
+
+=Tunay=, _n._ The elder tree. Span. _sauco_.
+
+=Tux=, _n._ A kind of acorn.
+
+
+=Ucheex=, _v._ To relate, to tell, to say, especially in reporting what
+others have said. As a rule it follows the words quoted (_Coto_).
+
+=Ue=, _conj._ If.
+
+=Ul=, _v._ To arrive, to come to.
+
+=Ulaah=, _v._ To arrive at, as a home; to seek as a refuge (Bras.).
+
+=Ulaam=, _v._ To have at one's house, as a guest, etc.
+
+=Uleuh=, _n._ Earth, soil, land, ground.
+
+=Umul=, _n._ The rabbit.
+
+=Unum=, _n._ The male organ; a worm, a snake.
+
+=Ut=, _n._ Dove.
+
+=Utiuh=, _n._ The coyote.
+
+=Utzin=, _v._ To finish, to complete.
+
+=Ux=, _v._ To be, to become. See _Gram._, p. 33.
+
+=Uxla=, _n._ The breath; an odor; steam.
+
+=Uxlan=, _v._ To rest, to repose, to take breath (from _uxla_).
+
+
+=Va=, _part._ Here, now.
+
+=Va=, _v._ To eat.
+
+=Vach=, _n._ Face, visage, front; surface, superficies; brightness,
+splendor; fruit, products, profits; power, dignity.
+
+=Vachih=, _v._ To see with one's own eyes; to have before one's face.
+
+=Vae=, _part._ This, this is, here is.
+
+=Vapal=, _n._ The lintel of a door, the frame of a window, etc.
+
+=Var=, _v._ To sleep.
+
+=Vave=, _adv._ Here.
+
+=Vay=, _n._ Bread, of any kind.
+
+=Vayhal=, _n._ Hunger.
+
+=Vi=, _n._ The head.
+
+=Vi=, _part._ A correlative and instrumental particle. See _Gram._, p. 63.
+
+=Vik=, _v._ To increase or add something; to ornament, to adorn; to
+arrange, to set in order by adding to.
+
+=Vinak=, _n._ Man, the human species; a people.
+
+=Vinak chij=, _n._ Injury or misfortune; a legal term applied to certain
+torts.
+
+=Vuk=, _adj._ Seven.
+
+
+=Xa=, _part._ But, only, etc. An antithetical particle, used in many
+connections, as _xae_, _xa [c]a_, _xa ri [c]a_, _va xe re_, _xa [c]a_,
+_xe re_, _xa ha_, all signify but, next, etc.
+
+=Xah=, _v._ To move actively and cheerfully; hence, to dance; of a dog, to
+wag his tail.
+
+=Xahab=, _n._ Sandals, shoes, moccasins.
+
+=Xahan=, _n._ Prohibition, abstention.
+
+=Xahaneh=, _v._ To abstain from, to refrain.
+
+=Xahpota [c]hi[c]h=, _n._ Body armor. ("Malla o peto." Varea).
+
+=Xak=, _n._ 1. Leaf. 2. Dye, color, tint. See p. 204.
+
+=Xambey=, _n._ One who follows another.
+
+=Xambeyah=, _v._ To do something later than another, to follow, to come
+after.
+
+=Xane=, _v._ To strip, to uncover.
+
+=Xaquere=, _adv._ But thus; see _Xa_.
+
+=Xavi[c]a.= See Xa.[TN-42]
+
+=Xax.= Particle of affirmation, an intensive.
+
+=Xhayil=, _n._ A married woman, a wife. From _hay_, with the fem.
+prefix--"the woman of the house."
+
+=Xim=, _v._ To tie, to bind onesself; to assume.
+
+=Xiquin=, _n._ Ears.
+
+=Xit=, _n._ The jade, the green stone (_piedra verde como torquesa._
+Varea).
+
+=Xivae=, _n._ A conch shell used as a horn.
+
+=Xmier=, _adv._ Already, formerly; _xmierok_, before, previously.
+
+=Xocon=, _n._ The left hand; _chu xocon_, on the left.
+
+=Xoh=, _pron._ We.
+
+=Xo[t]=, =Xo[c]oh=, _v._ To complain against one.
+
+=Xo[c]h=, _n._ The owl; a malicious person.
+
+=Xul=, _n._ A flute.
+
+=Xule=, _v._ To descend, to go down.
+
+=Xu[c]=, _n._ A net used by the Indians of the Sierra to catch birds.
+
+=X[c]ul=, _n._ A kind of dance. See p. 45.
+
+
+=Ya=, _v._ To give, to present.
+
+=Yaar=, _v._ To spoil, waste, go to ruin.
+
+=Yac=, _n._ To build a house; to contract for, ask for.
+
+=Yala=, _v._ To surpass, become distinguished.
+
+=Yaloh=, _v._ To delay, to remain.
+
+=Yamalakin=, _v._ To give presents.
+
+=Yamanic=, _n._ Precious stone.
+
+=Yanabil=, _n._ Sickness, disease.
+
+=Ybah=, _n._ The ancient site of a town; the hereditary home; the cement
+of a house. From _ybil_, to ripen, to mature.
+
+=Ye[t]=, _v._ To tread under foot, to detest, to hate.
+
+=Ylon=, _v._ To overtake one (alcanzar a otro que va adelante. _Varea_).
+
+=Yncheel=, _adv._ How, in what manner.
+
+=Ynup=, _n._ The ceiba tree.
+
+=Yoh=, _v._ To destroy, tear down.
+
+=Yon=, _adv._ Only, alone; _ruyon_, he or it alone or only. See _Gram._,
+p. 32.
+
+=Yo[t]=, _v._ To knead dough. _Met._ to bruise.
+
+=Yuh=, _v._ To mix, to mingle.
+
+=Yuhuh=, _n._ A quarrel, a revolt.
+
+=Yuk=, _v._ To string out, to stretch out, like a rope. Hence
+
+=Yuku=, _n._ A rope or cord. _Varea._
+
+=Yuyub=, _n._ Shouts.
+
+=Yx=, _pron._ You.
+
+=Yxim=, _n._ Maize (the grains).
+
+=Y[c]o=, _v._ To pass over; to go from one place to another.
+
+
+=[t]a=, _n._ The hand, the arm.
+
+=[t]aba=, _v._ To place supports; to strengthen; to extend the hands.
+
+=[t]ahan=, _v._ To sound, to resound; to snore, etc.
+
+=[t]ahar=, _v._ To expend, to expand.
+
+=[t]ahartizah=, _v._ To praise, to commend.
+
+=[t]alaba=, _v._ To cause misfortune, to make miserable.
+
+=[t]alah=, _adj._ _n._ Something clear, apparent, manifest.
+
+=[t]alel.= See p. 37.
+
+=[t]alibal=, _n._ Seat, see, throne. "Asiento[TN-43] del senor principal."
+Coto. See p. 20.
+
+=[t]am=, _n._ Bridge, stairs.
+
+=[t]ana abah=, _n._ A color. See p. 204.[TN-44]
+
+=[t]an=, _adj._ Yellow; ripe; rich.
+
+=[t]arama[t]=, _n._ Nation, confederation.
+
+=[t]at=, _v._ To cut, in general; hence, to decide a question; to ford a
+river; to die early, etc.
+
+=[t]avonon=, _n._ A yellow bug; from _[t]an_, yellow, and _Vonon_, bug.
+(Guzman).
+
+=[t]ax=, _v._ 1. To pass, to pass over. 2. To bring forth, to give birth
+to.
+
+=[t]a[t]=, _n._ Fire.
+
+=[t]a[t]al=, _n._ Distinction, greatness.
+
+=[t]ek=, _adj._ Black; dark.
+
+=[t]ekal=, _n._ Blackness, darkness.
+
+=[t]ekum=, _n._ The darkness of the night.
+
+=[t]ih=, _n._ The sun; a day; a time or epoch; an occasion or opportunity;
+the sign or constellation under which one is born; hence, fate or
+fortune. _Ah[t]ih_, the diviner; _cholol [t]ih_, to cast the horoscope.
+
+=[t]ihib=, _v._ To divine, to predict, to tell fortunes.
+
+=[t]il=, _v._ To prevent, impede, harass.
+
+=[t]inom=, _adj._ Rich. _n._ riches.
+
+=[t]iomah=, _n._ This appears to be a form of _[t]inomah_, riches.
+
+=[t]ip=, _v._ To take up in the fingers; to pinch.
+
+=[t]o=, _v._ To sustain, to maintain, to give to eat.
+
+=[t]ol=, _n._ Resin from the pine.
+
+=[t]op=, _n._ Ear rings.
+
+=[t]uz[t]um=, _n._ Delicacy, something delicious to eat.
+
+=[t]u[t]=, _n._ A species of bird. See p. 204.
+
+=[t]u[t]uraxon=, _n._ Green feathers; the plumage of certain birds.
+
+
+=[c]a=, _conj._ And, also.
+
+=[c]abovil=, _n._ The deity, God, divinity.
+
+=[c]ace=, _v._ To survive, to grow strong.
+
+=[c]ahol=, _n._ A son, sons; also, generally, descendants of a common
+ancestor.
+
+=[c]aholah=, _v._ To beget, engender.
+
+=[c]ak=, _v._ To shoot with arrows; to stone. 2. To place onesself in
+front of another.
+
+=[c]akaba=, _v._ To show onesself.
+
+=[c]al=, _v._ To tie together, to arrange in order as by tying.
+
+=[c]alakan=, _n._ Small bells tied together. See p. 17.
+
+=[c]am=, _v._ To take, to bear away; especially to take a woman in
+marriage, to marry.
+
+=[c]anixt=, _n._ A bird. See p. 197.
+
+=[c]arunah=, _adv._ The same, again.
+
+=[c]axto[c]=, _n._ The Evil Spirit.
+
+=[c]ay=, _adj._ Pungent, bitter, strong of smell or taste.
+
+=[c]ayh=, _v._ To sell.
+
+=[c]a[c]alih=, _v._ To guard.
+
+=[c]eche=, _n._ A forest, a woods.
+
+=[c]el=, _n._ A small species of parrot.
+
+=[c]exevach=, _n._ Substitute, one who stands for another (Anon).
+
+=[c]iyaley=, _adv._ That which exceeds; used in comparison. See _Gram._,
+p. 67.[TN-45]
+
+=[c]iy=, _adv._ Much, many.
+
+=[c]iyar=, _v._ To multiply, to increase.
+
+=[c]iz=, _v._ To finish, to conclude, to end.
+
+=[c]oh=, _v._ To be in a place, etc. Spanish, _estar_. See _Gram._, p. 33.
+
+=[c]ok=, =[c]okoh=, _v._ To complain (quejarse a Dios. Varea, p. 414).
+
+=[c]ol=, _v._ To cut down, to send out from, to diminish, to lessen.
+
+=[c]ot=, _v._ To dig a hole. _Met._ to examine verbally, to interrogate,
+to cross-question.
+
+=[c]otoh=, _v._ 1. To engrave, to sculpture. _[c]otonic_, that which is
+sculptured. 2. To set in order, to arrange battalions, etc.
+
+=[c]okikan=, _n._ Loads of roasted maize, used as food on long journeys;
+from _[c,]o_, "mais cocido," and _kikan_.
+
+=[c]ox=, _v._ To clash; to strike hard things together, _ta [c]oxel
+[t]a[t]_[TN-46] to strike fire with the flint (Varea).
+
+=[c]oxol=, _n._ He who dashes together hard things, as stones. See
+_[c]ox_.
+
+=[c]oxom=, _n._ That which is dashed together, as stones. See [c]ox.
+
+=[c]oxtun=, _n._ Fortress, stronghold.
+
+=[c]u=, _v._ To put well in order, to arrange.
+
+=[c]ual=, _n._ Diamond, or other precious stone.
+
+=[c]ubul=, _n._ Garlands (Br.). From _[c]u_, to arrange in order, to put
+in place.
+
+=[c]uil=, _v._ To throw down to the ground, to lie or roll upon the
+ground; to annoy, harass.
+
+=[c]ul=, _n._ All kinds of clothing; vesture, etc.
+
+=[c]ul=, _v._ To receive; to meet, to go out to meet one; to visit one; to
+converse, to reply to, to be beaten.
+
+=[c]ule=, _v._ To marry.
+
+=[c]ulvachih=, _v._ To meet face to face. From _[c]ul_, to receive, to
+meet, and _vach_, face.
+
+=[c]ut=, _v._ To show, to make manifest.
+
+=[c]utuh=, _v._ To ask, to inquire.
+
+=[c]ux=, _n._ The heart; the mind.
+
+=[c]ha=, _n._ The bow; the arrow.
+
+=[c]ha=,    } _v._ To speak to talk, to say.
+=[c]habeh=, }
+
+=[c]habak=, _n._ Mud.
+
+=[c]hac=, _n._ A pestilence.
+
+=[c]hac=, _v._ To conquer, to overpower.
+
+=[c]hac=, _n._ Flesh, meat.
+
+=[c]hacatah=, _v._ To sit down, to rest seated; to reduce in value, to
+depreciate.
+
+=[c]hacbal=, _n._ A victory, a conquest.[TN-47]
+
+=[c]hacat=, _n._ A seat, a throne. See p. 20.
+
+=[c]haka=, _prep._ From the other side; _[c]haka palouh_, from beyond the
+sea; _he ah [c]haka ya_, those from the other side of the water, a term
+applied to the Spaniards (Varea).
+
+=[c]hakap=, _n._ and _adv._ The half, partly.
+
+=[c]hamey=, _n._ Cane, staff; a badge of office; _ah[c]hamey_, the
+alguacil or constable.
+
+=[c]haoh=, _n._ See p. 55.
+
+=[c]hay=, _v._ To injure, destroy. 2. To fasten, solder.
+
+=[c]hi=, _v._ To disquiet, to be noisy.
+
+=[c]hih=, _v._ To suffer, to bear.
+
+=[c]hipil=, _n._ The youngest son.
+
+=[c]hique=, _v._ To appoint, to resolve upon.
+
+=[c]hi[c]h=, _n._ Iron, copper. See p. 19.
+
+=[c]hob=, _n._ Division, class, order, battalion.
+
+=[c]hocoba=, _v._ To seat a person.
+
+=[c]hol=, _v._ To skin, to bark, to clean; to acquit, to rid of.
+
+=[c]holih=, _v._ To value, to put a value upon; hence, _[c]holih [t]ih_,
+to value days, to decide which are lucky and which unlucky; _[c]hol
+[t]ih_, an astrological calendar. See p. 31.
+
+=[c]hub=, _v._ To ravage, as a pestilence.
+
+=[c]huc=, _n._ The arm, or arms.
+
+=[c]hutin=, _adj._ Small, little, young.
+
+
+=[c,]ak=, _v._ To work in clay; to make bricks or tiles; to make, to
+create. 2. To joke; to make fun. 3. To lie, to deceive.
+
+=[c,]akol=, _n._ The maker, the creator.
+
+=[c,]alam.= See p. 32.
+
+=[c,]anin=, _v._ To sound loudly, to make a great noise, of people,
+trumpets, dancing, etc.
+
+=[c,]apal=, _n._ An enclosure; that which is shut up or enclosed; from
+_[c,]ape_, neuter of _tin [c,]apih_, shut up or enclose.
+
+=[c,]apibal=, _n._ The place where something is enclosed or shut up. See
+_[c,]apal_, and p. 197.
+
+=[c,]i=, _n._ A dog.
+
+=[c,]ibah=, _v._ To paint; to write. See p. 16.
+
+=[c,]ima=, _n._ A sharp-pointed tool; _v._ to dig with one (Ximenes).
+
+=[c,]iquin=, _n._ A bird, the generic word.
+
+=[c,]iz=, _v._ To sew, to puncture.
+
+=[c,]i[c,]ot=, _v._ To hiss (of a snake), to squeak (of a rat), to whistle
+(of a bird), etc.
+
+=[c,]um.= 1. The breasts, the mammae. 2. A skin, a hide.
+
+=[c,]umah=, _v._ To suck, to take the breast; to reduce a swelling; to
+lessen, to diminish.
+
+=[c,]utuh=, _n._ A flower, especially of the maize.
+
+
+=Tzak=, _v._ To throw, to fall; to tangle, to trip; to hinder; to go from
+the road; to drop a subject, a lawsuit, etc.; to pardon; to excuse
+onesself; to cease, to die.
+
+=Tzal=, _v._ To make war, to give battle.
+
+=Tzam=, _n._ 1. Nose, beak, snout, of man, bird or brute. 2. The point or
+end of anything.
+
+=Tzap=, _n._ Fault, evil, misdemeanor. See p. 28.
+
+=Tzara=, _n._ A snare to take birds, etc.
+
+=Tzayh=, _v._ To do an injury without cause.
+
+=Tzatz=, _adv._ Much, many, thickly, densely.
+
+=Tzih=, _n._ A word, a speech.
+
+=Tzihoxic=, _n._ That which has been said; a passive verbal from _tzih_.
+
+=Tzimay=, _n._ A cup, or drinking vessel.
+
+=Tzolih=, _v._ To turn; to return; to turn one's thoughts upon, etc.
+
+=Tzuy=, _n._ A large calabash or gourd.
+
+=Tzuk=, _v._ To sustain, to maintain.
+
+=Tzul=, _v._ To intertwine, to embrace, to sleep together.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX OF NATIVE PROPER NAMES.
+
+(_The numbers refer to the sections._)
+
+
+  Acalan, 182.
+
+  Acacot, 81.
+
+  Ahachel, 41.
+
+  Akahal, 10, 20, 41, 63, 64, 73, 94, 97, 99, 100, 110, 111.
+
+  Ahalquil, 77.
+
+  Ah cic ama[t], 20.
+
+  Ahci[c]ahuh, 95.
+
+  Ah Itza, 80.
+
+  Ah mak, 112. _d._ 132.
+
+  Ah max nay, 105, 106,[TN-48]
+
+  Ah pak, 3.
+
+  Ahquehay, 3, 27, 29, 40.
+
+  Ah tuncic Tihax, 163.
+
+  Ah tucuru, 10.
+
+  Ah[c]ibihay, 107.
+
+  Ah[c]humilahay, 10, 77.
+
+  Ah[c,]iquinahay, 38, 53, 54, 137.
+
+  Ah [c,]alam Hunahpu, 135.
+
+  Ah[c,]uruya, 77.
+
+  Alinam, 66.
+
+  Atacat, see Panatacat
+
+
+  Bacah Pokoh, 10, 21, 36.
+
+  Bacah Xahil, 10, 21, 36.
+
+  1. Balam, 119, 125. _d._ 130, 131.
+
+  2. Balam, 134, 135, 136.
+
+  Ba[c]ahola, 3, 10, 29, 39, 40, 45, 48, 50, 136.
+
+  Beleh chi Hunahpu, 23.
+
+  Beleh chi [t]a[t], 23.
+
+  Beleh cuihay, 77.
+
+  Belehe Toh, 11.
+
+  Belehe [t]ih, 98.
+
+  Belehe [c]at, 115, 136, 140, 159, 166.
+
+  Bo[t]oiya, 73.
+
+  Bubatzo, 53.
+
+  Bulbux ya, 77, 161.
+
+
+  Cablahuh Ba[c,], 88.
+
+  Cablahuh Tihax, 88, 91, 116.
+
+  Cahi bak, 21.
+
+  Cahi Imox, 136, 140, 159, 172.
+
+  Cakay, see Cakhay.
+
+  Cakchiquel, 3, 10, 16, 20, 27, 41, 54, 84, 89, etc.
+
+  Cakhay, 28, 125.
+
+  Cakix, 20.
+
+  Cakixahay, 34.
+
+  Cakolahay, 126.
+
+  Camachal, 81.
+
+  Canalakam, 45.
+
+  Caok, 88, 98, etc.
+
+  Carchah, 25.
+
+  Cata Noh, 162.
+
+  Cauke, 49. See _Cavek_.
+
+  Cavek, 3, 29, 39, 40, 84, 100.
+
+  Cavek Paoh, 29.
+
+  Cay batz, 40, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54.
+
+  Cay Hunahpu, 100, 103.
+
+  Cay Noh, 46, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 66.
+
+  Cibakihay, 3, 10, 29, 39, 40, 48, 88.
+
+  Cinahi toh, 101, 102, 105.
+
+  Cinpual Taxuch, 25.
+
+  Citan Tihax Cablah, 75.
+
+  Citan [c]atu, 60, 65, 66, 75.
+
+  Coha, 77.
+
+  Cotanoh, 162.
+
+  Cucu huyu, 27.
+
+  Culhuacan, 117.
+
+  Cumatz, 5, 10, 77.
+
+  Cupilcat, 45, 61, 62.
+
+  Cutam chah, 20.
+
+  Cuzcatan, 150, 151.
+
+  Cuztum chixnal, 49.
+
+
+  Cactecauh, 2, etc. _d._ 30, 48.
+
+  Cak bim, 26, 112.
+
+  Cakcab, 63, 107.
+
+  Caki huyu, 20.
+
+  Caki teuh, 20, 25.
+
+  Caki [c]oxol, 21, 22. See p. 42.
+
+  Caki [c,]unun, 31.
+
+  Caki [c]uva, 20, 25.
+
+  Caktzuy, 26.
+
+  Cak[c]uch abah, 85.
+
+  Cali[c]ahol, 63.
+
+  Camaneh, 41.
+
+  Cecic Inup, 33.
+
+  Cimahi hay, 44, 63.
+
+  Cinanihay, 39.
+
+  Coroch, 97.
+
+  Co[c,]il, 10, 20, 34, 41.
+
+  Co[c,]il Tukuche, 36, 54, 72, 74, 82, 91.
+
+  Cubinal, 25.
+
+  Cunpancu, 23.
+
+  Cuquitan, 23.
+
+  Cutum, 77.
+
+  Cuyva, 12, 20. See note, p. 199.
+
+
+  Chacachil, 25.
+
+  Chakiya,   } 84.
+  Chaquihya, }
+
+  Chay Abah, 5, 44, 46.
+
+  Chee tzulu, 37.
+
+  Chetecauh, 38.
+
+  Chiabak, 21.
+
+  Chiavar, 63, 67, 68, 71, 75, 83, 84, 104.
+
+  Chicakyu[t], 77.
+
+  Chicbal, 173.
+
+  Chichah, 77.
+
+  Chiholom, 64, 73, 77.
+
+  Chinta Queh, 162.
+
+  Chita[t]ah, 20.
+
+  Chiixot, 160-1.
+
+  Chitulul, 38, 140.
+
+  Chituy, 80.
+
+  Chiyol, 21.
+
+  Chi[t]a[t], 178.
+
+  Chi[t]alibal, 34.
+
+  Chi[t]ohom, 46, 63.
+
+  Chi[c]ib, 99.
+
+  Chi[c]otuk, 77.
+
+  Choloma, 169.
+
+  Chopena Queh, 88.
+
+  Chopena Tohin, 88.
+
+  Chopena [c,]iquin u[c]a, 88.
+
+  Chucuyba[c]in, 102.
+
+  Chuluc, 82, 84, 85.
+
+  Chuvy [c,]iquinu, 173.
+
+  Chuvy [c,]ut, 135.
+
+
+  Daqui, 3.
+
+  Deocacvancu, 17.
+
+
+  Eventec, 81.
+
+
+  Halic, 77.
+
+  Herech, 81.
+
+  Holom, 85, 94, 97, 159.
+
+  Hukahic, 97.
+
+  Hultucur, 77.
+
+  Hun ah pu, 21, 174.
+
+  Hunahpu [c,]ian, 95.
+
+  Hun cun[c]un [t]anel, 53.
+
+  Hun Tihax, 11.
+
+  Hun toh, 73-76, 82-86.
+
+  Huny[c], 115. _d._ 129.
+
+  Hun tzuy, 26.
+
+  Huvarah bix, 97.
+
+
+  Yaqui, 110, 117, 118.
+
+  Yaxon tuh, 126.
+
+  Yaxon [c]ul, 104.
+
+  Icxiuh, 53.
+
+  Ikoma[t], 3, 34, 62.
+
+  Imox, 115.
+
+  Yut [t]um Calla, 63.
+
+  Iximche, 84, 85, 89, 93, 122, 137, 148.
+
+  Izmachi, 70.
+
+  Iztayul, 89, 93.
+
+  I[t]ich, 119.
+
+  Y[c]hal Amullac, 73, 94.
+
+  Y[c]hal can chi cum cuvat, 63, 64.
+
+  Y[c,]iyul, 85.
+
+
+  Lacantun, 194.[TN-49]
+
+  Lahub, 77.
+
+  Lahuh Ah, 87.
+
+  Lahuh Noh, 117.
+
+  Lahuh Tihax, 115.
+
+  Lama[t]i, 10, 77.
+
+  Loch, 3, 27, 28.
+
+  Loxpin, 23.
+
+  Lakan Abah, 140.
+
+
+  Maku X[c]uhay, 115.
+
+  Mayahauh, 53.
+
+  Meahauh, 17, 20.
+
+  Meme, 20, 24.
+
+  Mevac, 25.
+
+  Mexico, 117.
+
+  Mixcu, 85, 109.
+
+  Modec cumatzin, 117.
+
+  Moinal, 25.
+
+  Molinxot, 63.
+
+  Molobak, 77.
+
+  Molomic abah, 77.
+
+  Motzoray, 45.
+
+  Mukchee, 26, 124.
+
+
+  Nacuxcux, 77.
+
+  Nacxit, 25.
+
+  Nahtihay, 107.
+
+  Nimahay, 39.
+
+  Nima Ahin, 88.
+
+  Nimabah, 173.
+
+  Nima cahay, 95.
+
+  Nimapan Xeacauh, 82.
+
+  Nimcakah pec, 63, 64.
+
+  Nimpokon, 26, 77.
+
+  Nimxor, 25.
+
+  Noh, 115.
+
+  Nonovalcat, 19, 20.
+
+
+  Orbal tzam, 25.
+
+  Oronic, 28.
+
+  Oxlahuh [c,]u, 88, 91.
+
+  O[c]hal, 63, 64.
+
+
+  Paanuyaal che, 164.
+
+  Pa caki uleuh, 91.
+
+  Pacaval, 139.
+
+  Pacavek, 39, 44.
+
+  Pa chalic bak, 63.
+
+  Pacibakul, 39, 44.
+
+  Pampetak, 81.
+
+  Paneh, 64, 77.
+
+  Panatacat, 88, 128, 149, 150.
+
+  Pan ca[t], 85.
+
+  Pan chee, 63.
+
+  Pan choy, 164, 174.
+
+  Pangan, 165, 183, 185.
+
+  Pantzic, 20, 39, 44, 46, 63.
+
+  Paraxon, 20, 39, 44, 46, 47, 63.
+
+  Paraxtun ya, 98.
+
+  Paruyaal chay, 164.
+
+  Paxaya, 173.
+
+  Paxil, 5.
+
+  Payanchocol, 38.
+
+  Pec pa ru pec, 53.
+
+  Pe[c,]e, 63.
+
+  Pokom, 26, 85.
+
+  Popo abah, 21.
+
+  Popoya, 85.
+
+  Puciahauh, 53.
+
+  Pu hu hil, 39.
+
+  Pul[c]hi[c]h, 38.
+
+  Puzbal, 63.
+
+
+  Queh chun, 173.
+
+  Quehil, 39, 44.
+
+  Quehnay, 80.
+
+  Quixavit Caoh, 172.
+
+
+  Rabinal, 10, 41.
+
+  Rahamun, 73.
+
+  Ralabal Yg, 97.
+
+  Rapak, 77.
+
+  Ratzamut, 83, 84, etc.
+
+  Raxakan, 91, 102, 103.
+
+  Rax[c]hi[c]h, 26.
+
+  Rokel ba[c,]in, 93.
+
+
+  Tacna, 20, 24.
+
+  Tameltoh, 97.
+
+  Tamyac, 85.
+
+  Ttah ttah Akbal, 66.
+
+  Tata yac, 80.
+
+  Tapcu Oloman, 17, 20.
+
+  Ta [t]unun, 81.
+
+  Tecpalan, 23.
+
+  Tecpan, 28.
+
+  Telom, 3, 21.
+
+  Te pac uman, 20.
+
+  Te pe pul, 89, 93, 138.
+
+  Tepeuh, 49, 51, 52, 53, 62.
+
+  Tepuztan, 23.
+
+  Teyocuman, 31.
+
+  Tiba[c]oy, 91, 102, 103.
+
+  Tihax cablah, 75.
+
+  Tohin, 135.
+
+  Tohohil, 20, 41, 90.
+
+  Tol[c]om, 35, 37.
+
+  Totomay, 3.
+
+  Totunay, 29.
+
+  Tox[c]omine, 77.
+
+  Tox[c]om Noh, 100, 103.
+
+  To[t]ohil, 20.
+
+  Tucuru cakixala, 88.
+
+  Tuh, 126.
+
+  Tuhalahay, 10, 77.
+
+  Tukuchee, 10, 20, 41, 43, 99, 100, 103.
+
+  Tulan, 2, 4, 10, 16, 47, 82.
+
+  Tunacotzih, 28.
+
+
+  Utzupa, 63.
+
+  Uxa, 77.
+
+
+  Vail [c]ahol, 97.
+
+  Vakaki Ahmak, 115, 127.
+
+  Valval Xucxuc, 17, 20.
+
+  Vayca, 41.
+
+  Vitaum, 77.
+
+  Voo caok, 98, 107, 110.
+
+  Voo queh, 114.
+
+  Vooymax, 93.
+
+  Vuchabahay, 10, 77.
+
+  Vukubatz, 73-76, 82.
+
+  Vukucivan, 77, 97.
+
+
+  Xahila, 2, 43, 61, 81.
+
+  Xavi Ahin, 88.
+
+  Xeabah, 85.
+
+  Xeamatal chii, 23.
+
+  Xe Caka Abah, 139.
+
+  Xecuh, 23.
+
+  Xechibohoy, 84.
+
+  Xechipeken, 101, 102.
+
+  Xechituh, 84.
+
+  Xe la hub, 145, 179.
+
+  Xepakay, 64.
+
+  Xepahca, 112.
+
+  Xepau, 157, 158.
+
+  Xe pit, 144.
+
+  Xepoyom, 41, 138.
+
+  Xerahapit, 77, 97.
+
+  Xet, 3, 27, 28.
+
+  Xetocoy, 23.
+
+  Xe tulul, 144.
+
+  Xeuh, 23.
+
+  Xey noh, 112.
+
+  Xhu[c,]uy, 81.
+
+  Xibalbay, 4, 5.
+
+  Xiliviztan, 23.
+
+  Ximbal xu[c], 29.
+
+  Ximox, 88.
+
+  Xiquitzal, 70, 73.
+
+  Xit amal Queh, 82, 84, 85.
+
+  Xitayul Hax, 69.
+
+  Xivanul, 84.
+
+  Xivico, 110.
+
+  Xttamer Caquentol, 66.
+
+  Xubabal, 77.
+
+  Xuchipillan, 173.
+
+  Xulpit, 19, 20.
+
+  Xulu [c]atu, 66.
+
+  Xumak cham, 95.
+
+  Xurcah, 3, 29.
+
+  X[t]eka[c]uch, 135.
+
+
+  [t]alaah, 63, 91.
+
+  [t]a[t]alyx, 77.
+
+  [t]a[t]avitz, 2, etc.
+
+  [t]a[t]xanul, 31, 32.
+
+  [t]ekacivan, 77.
+
+  [t]eka[c]uch, 3, 10, 29, 39, 40, 48, 50.
+
+  [t]inona, 63, 66, 91.
+
+  [t]ucumatz, 20, 38.
+
+  [t]umarcaah, 70, 71, 82, 90, 146.
+
+  [t]u[t]ucot, 41.
+
+  [t]u[t]uchom, 3.
+
+  [t]u[t]u huyu, 77, 94, 97.
+
+
+  [c]abouil civan, 63
+
+  [c]alalapacay, 33.
+
+  [c]akbatzulu, 35, 37.
+
+  [c]ama[t]ekum, 77.
+
+  [c]atu, 88, 119, 125.
+
+  [c]atun, 3.
+
+  [c]ax[c]an, 77, 94, 97.
+
+  [c]eche, 9, 15, 20, 28, 29, 41, 45, 66, 76.
+
+  [c]eletel, 41.
+
+  [c]ian, 133, 135.
+
+  [c]icihay, 137.
+
+  [c]ikab, 67-72, 74-114.
+
+  [c]iria Yyu, 100, 103.
+
+  [c]iz[c]ab, 84, 85.
+
+  [c]obakil, 3, 11, 26, 61.
+
+  [c]omakaa, 43.
+
+  [c]ot balcan, 66.
+
+  [c]oxahil, 3, 21, 26, 61.
+
+  [c]ubulahay, 34.
+
+  [c]ulavi cochoh, 34.
+
+  [c]ulavi [c]anti, 34.
+
+  [c]hicbal, 112.
+
+  [c]hitibal, 22.
+
+  [c]hixnal, 49, 77.
+
+  [c]hiyoc Queh Ah[t]u[t], 66.
+
+  [c]holama[t], 23.
+
+  [c]hooc Tacatic, 95.
+
+  [c]hopiytzel, 21, 30, 48.
+
+  [c]hupichin, 23.
+
+  [c]huti, 63.
+
+  [c]hutiah, 3.
+
+
+  [c,]ala, 41.
+
+  [c,]imaki Piaculcan, 95.
+
+  [c,]ulahauh, 25.
+
+  [c,]ununaa, 41.
+
+  [c,]unun choy, 23.
+
+  [c,]unun huyu, 23, 27.
+
+  [c,]upi ta[t]ah, 63, 68, 70, 75, 84.
+
+  [c,]utuhil, 9, 38, 103, 107, 112, 138, 149.
+
+
+  Tzak tzuy, 27. For _Cak tzuy_, q. v.
+
+  Tzanat, 3.
+
+  Tzololaa, 41, 162.
+
+  Tzupam, 148.
+
+  Tzutzumpan, 169.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note
+
+The following typographical errors and inconsistencies have been
+maintained in this version of the book.
+
+Typographical errors:
+
+  TN-1   29  Second cacao harvest should read Second cacao harvest.
+  TN-2   30  20. Hunahpu, should read 20. Hunahpu.
+  TN-3   33  moroever should read moreover
+  TN-4   47  Dicc. Anon should read Dicc. Anon.
+  TN-5   48  Pokoman should read Pokomam
+  TN-6   51  gutteral should read guttural
+  TN-7   51  magic candle should read magi_c_ _c_andle
+  TN-8   58  Quikab should read Qikab
+  TN-9   61  agains should read against
+  TN-10  13, fn. 1  Baschmann should read Buschmann
+  TN-11  38, fn. 1  Cakchiquel Anon should read Cakchiquel Anon.
+  TN-12  57, fn. 1  _d_,the should read _d_, the
+  TN-13  88  ahpop[c]amahay. ha should read either ahpop[c]amahay, ha
+             or ahpop[c]amahay. Ha
+  TN-14 110  Ba[c]ahol the h was printed upside down in the original.
+  TN-15 111  youself should read yourself
+  TN-16 119  without, should read without.
+  TN-17 119  Caybatz." should read  Caybatz.
+  TN-18 133  Vxa. should read Vxa
+  TN-19 136  achiha. maqui should read either achiha; maqui or
+             achiha. Maqui
+  TN-20 139  Vucubatz should read Vukubatz
+  TN-21 147  Oxlahu tzii should read Oxlahuh tzii
+  TN-22 148  vinak. hucumah should read either vinak. Hucumah or
+             vinak, hucumah
+  TN-23 188  Oh should read On
+  TN-24 189  litle should read little
+  TN-25 190  Ig should read Yg
+  TN-26 196  our should read four
+  TN-27 197  etaient should read etaient
+  TN-28 201  Civilisees should read Civilisees
+  TN-29 202  [t]a[t] xanul should read _[t]a[t] xanul_
+  TN-30 204  [t]a[t]avitz should read _[t]a[t]avitz_
+  TN-31 208  173. should read 172.
+  TN-32 208  181. The second 181 should not appear, it refers to the
+             same section as the preceding pargraph
+  TN-33 209  mayor. should read mayor."
+  TN-34 209  Ah-[c,]ib, should read Ah-[c,]ib.
+  TN-35 212  Anon). should read Anon.).
+  TN-36 215  p, 64 should read p. 64
+  TN-37 217  etc should read etc.
+  TN-38 218  mountain should read mountain.
+  TN-39 218  To put one should read To put to one
+  TN-40 219  she it should read she, it
+  TN-41 219  Tak (first listing) is out of alphabetical order
+  TN-42 222  See Xa should read See _Xa_
+  TN-43 223  Asiento should read Asiento
+  TN-44 223  [t]ana abah is out of alphabetical order
+  TN-45 224  [c]iyaley is out of alphabetical order
+  TN-46 225  [t]a[t] should read [t]a[t],
+  TN-47 225  [c]hacbal is out of alphabetical order
+  TN-48 229  106, should read 106.
+  TN-49 231  194 should read 184
+
+Inconsistent spelling:
+
+  ante / ante
+  halebal / halibal
+
+Inconsistent hyphenation:
+
+  Ahtzib / Ah-tzib
+  Ahuchan / Ah-uchan
+  calpulli / calp-ulli
+  honeycomb / honey-comb
+  kikan / ki-kan
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Annals of the Cakchiquels, by Daniel G. Brinton
+
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