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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 187, May 28, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 21, 2007 [EBook #20410] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<p><!-- Page 517 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page517"></a>{517}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" > + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 187.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, May</span> 28, 1853.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br /> Stamped Edition + 5d.</b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>CONTENTS.</h3> + + +<table class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>On Chaucer's Knowledge of Italian</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page517">517</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Rebellion of '45: unpublished Letter</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page519">519</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Oliver St. John, by James Crossley</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page520">520</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on several misunderstood Words, by the Rev. W. R. + Arrowsmith</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page520">520</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Folk Lore</span>:—Weather + Rules—Drills presaging Death —Superstition in Devonshire; + Valentine's Day</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page522">522</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>A Note on Gulliver's Travels, by C. Forbes</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page522">522</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Shakspeare Correspondence</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page523">523</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Cœnaculum of Lionardo da Vinci, by E. Smirke</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page524">524</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—Scotter Register + (County Lincoln)— "All my Eye:" "Over the Left"—Curious + Marriages —Child-mother</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page525">525</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Further Queries respecting Bishop Ken</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page526">526</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Rev. John Larson and his Mathematical Manuscripts, by T. T. + Wilkinson</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page526">526</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:—"Wanderings of + Memory"—"Wandering Willie's Tale"—Chapel + Sunday—Proud Salopians—George Miller, D.D.—Members + of Parliament—Taret—Jeroboam of Claret, + &c.—William Williams of Geneva—The First of April and + "The Cap awry"—Sir G. Browne, Bart.—Bishop + Butler—Oaken Tombs—Alleged Bastardy of + Elizabeth—"Pugna Porcorum"—Parviso—Mr. Justice + Newton—Mufti—Ryming and Cuculling—Custom at the + Savoy Church</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page527">527</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:—Faithful + Teate—Kelway Family—Regatta—Coket and + Cler-mantyn</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page529">529</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Curfew</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page530">530</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The "Salt-Peter-Man," by C. H. Cooper</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page530">530</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Forms of Judicial Oaths, by John Thrupp, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page532">532</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:—Washing + Collodion Pictures—Test for Lenses—Improvement in + Positives—Cheap Portable Tent—Rev. Mr. Sisson's New + Developing Fluid</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page533">533</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies To Minor + Queries</span>:—Vanes—Loselerius + Villerius—Westminster + Parishes—Hevristic—Creole—General Monk and the + University of Cambridge—Ecclesia Anglicana—Gibbon's + Library—Golden Bees—Passage in Orosius—Names first + given to Parishes—Grafts and the Parent Tree—Lord Cliff + and Howell's Letters—The Bouillon Bible—Rhymes on + Places—Serpents' Tongues—Consecrated Roses, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page534">534</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page537">537</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page538">538</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page538">538</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page538">538</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>ON CHAUCER'S KNOWLEDGE OF ITALIAN.</h3> + + <p>In the Memoir prefixed to the Aldine edition of the <i>Poetical Works + of Chaucer</i>, London, 1845, Sir Harris Nicolas expresses an opinion + that Dan Geoffrey was not acquainted with the Italian language, and + therefore not versed in Italian literature.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Though Chaucer undoubtedly knew Latin and French, it is by no means + certain, notwithstanding his supposed obligations to the Decameron, that + he was as well acquainted with Italian. There may have been a common + Latin original of the main incidents of many, if not of all the tales, + for which Chaucer is supposed to have been wholly indebted to Boccaccio, + and from which originals Boccaccio himself may have taken them. That + Chaucer was not acquainted with Italian may be inferred from his not + having introduced any Italian quotation into his works, redundant as they + are with Latin and French words and phrases."—<i>Life of + Chaucer</i>, pp. 24, 25.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>To which the following note is subjoined:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Though Chaucer's writings have not been examined for the purpose, the + remark in the text is not made altogether from recollection, for at the + end of Speght's edition of Chaucer's <i>Works</i>, translations are given + of the Latin and French words in the poems, but not a single Italian word + is mentioned."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>If Sir Harris Nicolas had examined the writings of Chaucer with any + care, he would scarcely have formed or expressed so strange an opinion, + for he must necessarily have discovered that Chaucer was not only well + acquainted with the language, but thoroughly well versed in Italian + literature, and that he paraphrased and translated freely from the works + of Dante, Petrarca, and Boccaccio. Chaucer would naturally quote Latin + and French, as being familiar to his cotemporaries, and would abstain + from introducing Italian, as a knowledge of that language must have been + confined to a few individuals in his day; and he wrote for the many, and + not for the minority.</p> + + <p>The circumstances of Chaucer's life, his missions to Italy, during + which he resided several months in that country, when sent on the king's + business to Genoa, and Florence, and Lombardy, afforded <!-- Page 518 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page518"></a>{518}</span> him ample + opportunities of becoming thoroughly acquainted with the language and + literature of Italy; the acquisition of which must have been of easy + accomplishment to Chaucer, already familiar with Latin and French. So + that it is not necessary to endow Chaucer "with all human attainments as + proof of his having spoken Italian."</p> + + <p>Chaucer's own writings, however, afford the strongest evidence against + the opinion entertained by Sir Harris Nicolas, and such evidence as + cannot be controverted.</p> + + <p>Chaucer loves to refer to Dante, and often translates passages from + the <i>Divine Comedy</i>. The following lines are very closely rendered + from the <i>Paradiso</i>, xiv. 28.:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Thou one, two, and thre, eterne on live,</p> + <p>That raignest aie in thre, two, and one,</p> + <p>Uncircumscript, and all maist circumscrive."</p> + <p class="i6">Last stanza of <i>Troilus and Creseide</i>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Quell' uno e due e tre che sempre vive,</i></p> + <p><i>E regna sempre in tre e due ed uno</i>,</p> + <p><i>Non circonscritto, e tutto circonscrive.</i>"</p> + <p class="i6">Dante, <i>Il Paradiso</i>, xiv. 28.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Wel can <i>the wise poet of Florence</i>,</p> + <p>That highte <i>Dant</i>, speken of this sentence:</p> + <p>Lo, in swiche maner rime is <i>Dantes</i> tale.</p> + <p><i>Ful selde up riseth by his branches smale</i></p> + <p><i>Prowesse of man, for God of his goodnesse</i></p> + <p><i>Wol that we claime of him our gentillesse.</i>"</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Wif of Bathes Tale</i>, 6707.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Rade volte risurge per li rami</i></p> + <p class="i1"><i>L' umana probità: e questo vuole</i></p> + <p class="i1"><i>Quei che la dà, perchè da lui si chiami.</i>"</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Purgatorio</i>, vii. 121.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>After relating the dread story of the Conte Ugolino, Chaucer refers to + Dante, from whom perhaps he derived it. (Conf. <i>Inferno</i>, + xxxiii.)</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Who so wol here it in a longer wise,</p> + <p>Redeth the grete poete of Itaille,</p> + <p>That highte <i>Dante</i>, for he can it devise</p> + <p>Fro point to point, not o word wol he faille."</p> + <p class="i6"><i>The Monkes Tale</i>, 14,769.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Bet than Vergile, while he was on live,</p> + <p>Or <i>Dant</i> also."—<i>The Freres Tale</i>, 7101.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The following lines refer to the <i>Inferno</i>, xiii. 64.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Envie is lavender of the court alway,</p> + <p>For she ne parteth neither night ne day,</p> + <p>Out of the house of Cesar, thus saith <i>Dant</i>."</p> + <p class="i4">Prologue to the <i>Legend of Good Women</i>, 359.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"<i>Dant</i> that it tellen can" is mentioned in the <i>House of + Fame</i>, book i.; and Chaucer is indebted to him for some lines in that + fine poem, as in the description of the "egle, that with feathers shone + all of gold" = <i>un' aquila nel ciel con penne d'oro</i>; and the + following line:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"O thought, that wrote all that I met."</p> + <p class="i6"><i>House of Fame</i>, ii. 18.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>O mente, che scrivesti ciò ch' io vidi.</i>"</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Inferno</i>, ii. 8.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The <i>Knightes Tale</i> exhibits numerous passages, lines, and + expressions verbally translated from the <i>Teseide</i> of Boccaccio, + upon which it is founded; such as <i>Idio armipotente</i> = Mars + armipotent; <i>Eterno admante</i> = Athamant eterne; <i>Paura palida</i> + = pale drede; <i>Le ire rosse come focho</i> = the cruel ire red as any + glede. Boccaccio describes the wood in which "Mars hath his sovereine + mansion" as—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Una selva sterile de robusti</i></p> + <p><i>Cerri,</i></p> + <p><i>Nodosi aspri e rigidi e vetusti.</i></p> + <p><i>Vi si sentia grandissimo romore,</i></p> + <p><i>Ne vera bestia anchora ne pastore.</i>"</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Teseide</i>, book vii.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>There is a purposed grisly ruggedness in the corresponding passage of + the <i>Knightes Tale</i>, which heightens the horrors of "thilke colde + and frosty region:"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"First on the wall was peinted <i>a forest,</i></p> + <p><i>In which ther wonneth neyther man ne best,</i></p> + <p><i>With knotty knarry barrein trees old</i></p> + <p><i>Of stubbes sharpe and hidous to behold</i>;</p> + <p>In which ther ran <i>a romble and a swough</i>,</p> + <p>As though a storme shuld bresten every bough."</p> + <p class="i6"><i>The Knightes Tale</i>, 1977.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The death of Arcite is thus related by Boccaccio:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"La morte in ciascun membro era venuta</p> + <p>Da piedi in su, venendo verso il petto,</p> + <p>Ed ancor nelle braccia era perduta</p> + <p>La vital forza; sol nello intelletto</p> + <p>E nel cuore era ancora sostenuta</p> + <p>La poca vita, ma già si ristretto</p> + <p>Eragli 'l tristo cor del mortal gelo</p> + <p>Che agli occhi fe' subitamente velo.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Ma po' ch' egli ebbe perduto il vedere,</p> + <p>Con seco cominciò a mormorare,</p> + <p>Ognor mancando più del suo podere:</p> + <p>Nè troppo fece in ciò lungo durare;</p> + <p>Ma il mormorare trasportato in vere</p> + <p>Parole, con assai basso parlare</p> + <p>Addio Emilia; e più oltre non disse,</p> + <p>Chè l' anima convenne si partisse."</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Teseide</i>, book x. 112.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Chaucer loses nothing of this description in his condensed + translation:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"For from his feet up to his brest was come</p> + <p>The cold of deth, that had him overnome.</p> + <p>And yet moreover in his armes two</p> + <p>The vital strength is lost, and all ago.</p> + <p>Only the intellect, withouten more,</p> + <p>That dwelled in his herte sike and sore,</p> + <p>Gan feillen, when the herte felte deth;</p> + <p>Dusked his eyen two, and failled his breth.</p> + <p>But on his ladie yet cast he his eye;</p> + <p>His laste word was; Mercy, Emelie!"</p> + <p class="i6"><i>The Knightes Tale</i>, 2301.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Troilus and Creseide</i> seems to have been translated from the + <i>Filostrato</i> of Boccaccio, when <!-- Page 519 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page519"></a>{519}</span> Chaucer was a young + man, as we are informed by Dan John Lydgate in the Prologue to his + Translation of Boccaccio's <i>Fall of Princes</i>, where he speaks of his + "Maister Chaucer" as the "chefe poete of Bretayne," and tells us + that—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>In youthe he made a translacion</i></p> + <p>Of a boke which called is Trophe,</p> + <p>In Lumbard tongue, as men may rede and se,</p> + <p><i>And in our vulgar, long or that he deyde</i></p> + <p>Gave it the name of Troylous and Cresseyde."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Chaucer's translation is sometimes very close, sometimes rather free + and paraphrastic, as may be seen in the following examples:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"But right as floures through the cold of night</p> + <p class="i1">Yclosed, stoupen in hir stalkes lowe,</p> + <p>Redressen hem ayen the Sunne bright,</p> + <p class="i1">And spreaden in hir kinde course by rowe."</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Troilus and Creseide</i>, b. ii.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Come fioretto dal notturno gelo</i></p> + <p><i>Chinato e chiuso, poi che il Sol l' imbianca,</i></p> + <p><i>S'apre, e si leva dritto sopra il stelo.</i>"</p> + <p class="i6">Boccaccio, <i>Il Filostrato</i>, iii. st. 13.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"She was right soche to sene in her visage</p> + <p>As is that wight that men on bere ybinde."</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Troilus and Creseide</i>, b. iv.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Essa era tale, a guardarla nel viso,</i></p> + <p><i>Qual donna morta alla fossa portata.</i>"</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Il Filostrato</i>, v. st. 83.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"As fresh as faucon coming out of mew."</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Troilus and Creseide</i>, b. iii.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Come falcon ch' uscisse dal cappello.</i>"</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Il Filostrato</i>, iv. st. 83.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"The Song of Troilus," in the first book of <i>Troilus and + Creseide</i>, is a paraphrase from one of the Sonnets of Petrarca:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>S' Amor non è, che dunque è quel ch' i' sento?</i></p> + <p><i>Ma s' egli è Amor, per Dio che cosa, e quale?</i></p> + <p><i>Se buona, ond' è l' effetto aspro mortale?</i>"</p> + <p class="i4">Petrarca, <i>Rime in Vita di Laura</i>, Son. cii.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"If no love is, O God, what feele I so?</p> + <p>And if love is, what thing and which is he?</p> + <p>If love be good, from whence cometh my wo?"</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Troilus and Creseide</i>, b. i.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Chaucer evidently had the following lines of the <i>Paradiso</i> in + view when writing the invocation to the Virgin in <i>The Second Nonnes + Tale</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Vergine Madre, figlia del tuo Figlio,</p> + <p>Umile e alta più che creatura,</p> + <p>Termine fisso d' eterno consiglio,</p> + <p>Tu se' colei, che l' umana Natura,</p> + <p><i>Nobilitasti</i> sì, che il suo Fattore</p> + <p>Non disdegno di farsi sua fattura."</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Paradiso</i>, xxxiii, I.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Thou maide and mother, doughter of thy Son,</p> + <p>Thou well of mercy, sinful soules cure,</p> + <p>In whom that God of bountee chees to won;</p> + <p>Thou humble and high over every creature,</p> + <p>Thou <i>nobledest</i> so fer forth our nature,</p> + <p>That no desdaine the maker had of kinde</p> + <p>His Son in blood and flesh to clothe and winde."</p> + <p class="i6"><i>The Second Nonnes Tale</i>, 15,504.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Traces of Chaucer's proficiency in Italian are discoverable in almost + all his poems; but I shall conclude with two citations from <i>The + Assembly of Foules</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The day gan failen, and the darke night,</p> + <p>That reveth beastes from hir businesse,</p> + <p>Berafte me my booke for lacke of light."</p> + <p class="i6"><i>The Assembly of Foules</i>, I. 85.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Lo giorno se n'andava, e l'aer bruno</i></p> + <p><i>Toglieva gli animai che sono in terra</i></p> + <p><i>Dalle fatiche loro.</i>"—<i>Inf.</i> ii. 1.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"With that my hand in his he toke anon,</p> + <p>Of which I comfort caught, and went in fast."</p> + <p class="i6"><i>The Assembly of Foules</i>, I. 169.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>E poiche la sua mano alla mia pose</i></p> + <p><i>Con lieto volto, ond' io mi confortai.</i>"</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Inf.</i> iii. 19.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>By the way, Chaucer commences <i>The Assembly of Foules</i> with part + of the first aphorism of Hippocrates, "<span title="Ho bios brachus hê de technê makrê" class="grk" + >Ὁ βιος + βραχὺς ἡ δὲ + τέχνη μακρή</span>" (but + this, I suppose, had been noticed before):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The lyfe so short, the craft so long to lerne."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Chaucer was forty years old, or upwards, in 1372, when he was sent as + an envoy to treat with the duke, citizens, and merchants of Genoa; and + if, as is probable, he had translated <i>Troilus and Creseide</i> out of + the "Lombarde tonge" in his youth (according to the testimony of + Lydgate), it is not unreasonable to infer that his knowledge of Italian + may have led to his being chosen to fill that office. But, however this + may be, abundant proof has been adduced that Chaucer was familiarly + acquainted with Italian.</p> + + <p>I may briefly remark, in conclusion, that the dates and other + circumstances favour the supposed interview at Padua, between Fraunceis + Petrark the laureate poet, and Dan Chaucer,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Floure of poets throughout all Bretaine."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">J. M. B. + + <p class="address">Tunbridge Wells. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>THE REBELLION OF '45.—UNPUBLISHED LETTER.</h3> + + <p class="author">Inverness, 16th Aprile, 1746. + + <p>Dear Sirs,</p> + + <p>This day about twelve our army came up with the rebels, about a mile + above Lord President's house, in a muir called Drumrossie. They began the + engagement first, by firing from a battery of six guns they had erected + upon their right; but our cannon played so hott upon them, that they were + obliged soon to fly, by which means we gote possession of their + artillery, and so drove them before us for three miles of way. The + cavalry gave them closs chase to the town of Inverness: <!-- Page 520 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page520"></a>{520}</span> upon which + the French ambassador (who is not well) sent out an officer, and a drum + with him, offering to surrender at discretion; to which the duke made + answer, that the French officers should be allowed to go about on their + parole, and nothing taken from them. Brigadier Stapleton is among them, + and God knows how many more officers; for we have not gote home to count + them yet. Its thought the rebels have between four and five hundred + killed, and as many taken prisoners already: many more we expect this + night, parties having been sent out after them. Lord Kilmarnock I saw + prisoner, and Major Stewart, with many more. Secretary Murray is very + bad: a party is just now sent for him, intelligence being brought where + he is. I don't think we have lost thirty men, and not above five officers + killed, amongst which are Lord Robert Ker, Captain Grosset: the rest + their names I have forgote. We are now in full possession of this place. + Some say the Pretender was in the battle, and wounded; but others say he + was not. Such of them as are left are gone to Fort Augustus. The duke, + God be praised, is in good health, and all the generalls. His Royal + Highness behaved as if he had been inspired, riding up and down giveing + orders himself.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>I am, Gentlemen,</p> + <p class="i2">Your most obedt. servant,</p> + <p class="i4"><span class="sc">David Bruce</span>.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>After writing y<sup>e</sup> above, y<sup>e</sup> lists of + y<sup>e</sup> killed and wounded are as follows, so far as is yet + known:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>We have of y<sup>e</sup> prisoners 700</p> + <p>Killed and wounded on y<sup>e</sup> field 1800</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Of y<sup>e</sup> duke's army:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Killed, wounded, and amissing 220</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="short" > + + <p>Gentlemen,</p> + + <p>I hope you'l pardon y<sup>e</sup> confusedness of y<sup>e</sup> + foregoing line, as I have been in y<sup>e</sup> utmost confusion since I + came here. 'Tis said, but not quite certain, y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup> + following rebells are killed, viz.:—Lochiel, Capuch (Keppach), Lord + Nairn, Lord Lewis Drummond, D. of Perth, Glengarry, &c. The French + have all surrendered prisoners of war.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">David Bruce</span>. + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Addressed to</p> + <p class="i2">The Governors of</p> + <p class="i4">The Town of Aberdeen.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">X. Y. Z. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>OLIVER ST. JOHN.</h3> + + <p>In giving the lives of the Commonwealth chief justices, Lord Campbell + observes (<i>Lives of Chief Justices</i>, vol. i. p. 447.), "in + completing the list with the name of Oliver St. John, I am well pleased + with an opportunity of tracing his career and pourtraying his character." + Then follows a biography of thirty pages. The subject seems to be a + favourite one with his lordship, and he accordingly produces a striking + picture, laying on his colours in the approved historical style of the + day, so as to make the painting an effective one, whether the resemblance + be faithful or not. But how is it that the noble biographer appears to be + quite unaware of what really is the only document we have relating to + Oliver St. John of his own composition, which does give us much light as + to his career or character? I refer to <i>The Case of Oliver St. John, + Esq, concerning his Actions during the late Troubles</i>, pp. 14., 4to., + n.d. It is a privately printed tract, emanating from St. John himself, + and was no doubt circulated amongst persons in power at the Restoration, + with a view to obtaining indemnity and pardon. My copy is signed by + himself, and has some corrections in his autograph. His Defence is full + of interesting particulars, some of which are very inconsistent with Lord + Campbell's speculations and statements. It would, however, occupy too + much of your space were I to go through the various articles objected to + by him, and to which he gives his replies and explanations. My object in + noticing this tract at present, is to prevent any future biographer of + this Commonwealth worthy, whose life may well be an historical study, + from neglecting an important source of information. I observe Lord + Campbell (p. 473.) doubts whether he favoured the measure of making + Cromwell king. But if we are to believe the title-page of <i>Monarchy + asserted</i>, 1660, 12mo., he was one of the speakers at the conference + with Cromwell on the 11th April, 1657, in favour of his assuming the + title of king. On the list of the committee which follows, the "Lord + Chief Justice" only is mentioned, but in the speeches a difference seems + to be made between "Lord Chief Justice" (pp. 6. 7. 15.) and "Lord Chief + Justice Glynne" (p. 44.), and they would seem to be two different + speakers. The title-page states distinctly, "the arguments of Oliver St. + John, Lord Chief Justice, Lord Chief Justice Glyn, &c., members of + that committee."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jas. Crossley</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(<i>Continued from</i> p. 402.)</p> + + <p><i>No did, no will, no had, &c.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>K. John.</i> · · · I had a mighty cause</p> + <p>To wish him dead, but thou hadst none to kill him.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Hubert.</i> <i>No had</i> (my Lord), why, did you not provoke me?"</p> + <p class="i6"><i>King John</i>, Act IV. Sc. 2.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>So the first folio edition of Shakspeare. A palpable error, as the + commentators of the present would pleasantly observe, and all the world + would echo the opinion; but here, as in most other <!-- Page 521 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page521"></a>{521}</span> instances, + commentators and all the world may be wrong, and the folios right. The + passage has accordingly been corrupted by the editors of Shakspeare into + what was more familiar to their modern ears: "Had none, my Lord!" Though + the mode of speech be very common, yet, to deprive future editors of all + excuse for ever again depraving the genuine text of our national Bible, I + shall make no apology for accumulating a string of examples:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Fort.</i> Oh, had I such a hat, then were I brave!</p> + <p>Where's he that made it?</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Sol.</i> Dead: and the whole world</p> + <p>Yields not a workman that can frame the like.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Fort.</i> <i>No does?</i>"</p> + <p class="i2hg3">"Old Fortunatus," <i>Old English Plays</i>, vol. iii. p. 140., by Dilke:</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>who alters "No does?" into <i>None does?</i> thinking, I presume, that + he had thereby simplified the sentence:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>John.</i> I am an elde fellowe of fifty wynter and more,</p> + <p>And yet in all my lyfe I knewe not this before.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Parson.</i> <i>No dyd</i>, why sayest thou so, upon thyselfe thou lyest,</p> + <p>Thou haste euer knowen the sacramente to be the body of Christ."</p> + <p class="i6"><i>John Bon and Mast Person.</i></p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"<i>Chedsey.</i> Christ said 'Take, eat, this is my body;' and not + 'Take ye, eat ye.'</p> + + <p><i>Philpot.</i> <i>No did</i>, master doctor? Be not these the words + of Christ, 'Accipite, manducate?' And do not these words, in the plural + number, signify 'Take ye, eat ye;' and not 'Take thou, eat thou,' as you + would suppose?"—Foxe's <i>Acts and Monuments</i>, vol. vii. p. + 637., Cattley's edition.</p> + + <p>"<i>Philpot.</i> Master Cosins, I have told my lord already, that I + will answer to none of these articles he hath objected against me: but if + you will with learning answer to that which is in question between my + lord and me, I will gladly hear and commune with you.</p> + + <p><i>Cosins.</i> <i>No will</i> you? Why what is that then, that is in + question between my lord and you?"—<i>Id.</i>, p. 651.</p> + + <p>"<i>Philpot.</i> And as I remember, it is even the saying of St. + Bernard [viz. The Holy Ghost is Christ's vicar on earth + (<i>vic-arius</i>), and a saying that I need not to be ashamed of, + neither you to be offended at; as my Lord of Durham and my Lord of + Chichester by their learning can discern, and will not reckon it evil + said.</p> + + <p><i>London.</i> <i>No will?</i> Why, take away the first syllable, and + it soundeth Arius."—<i>Id.</i> p. 658.</p> + + <p>"<i>Philpot.</i> These words of Cyprian do nothing prove your + pretensed assertion; which is, that to the Church of Rome there could + come no misbelief.</p> + + <p><i>Christopherson.</i> Good lord, <i>no doth</i>? What can be said + more plainly?"—<i>Id.</i>, p. 661.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Again, at p. 663. there occur no less than three more instances and at + p. 665. another.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"<i>Careless.</i> No, forsooth: I do not know any such, nor have I + heard of him that I wot of.</p> + + <p><i>Martin.</i> <i>No have</i>, forsooth: and it is even he that hath + written against thy faith."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Then <i>Martin</i> said:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Dost thou not know one Master Chamberlain?</p> + + <p><i>Careless.</i> No forsooth; I know him not.</p> + + <p><i>Martin.</i> <i>No dost!</i> and he hath written a book against thy + faith also."—<i>Id.</i>, vol. iii. p. 164.</p> + + <p>"<i>Lichfield and Coventry.</i> We heard of no such order.</p> + + <p><i>Lord Keeper.</i> <i>No did?</i> Yes, and on the first question ye + began willingly. How cometh it to pass that ye will not now do + so?"—<i>Id.</i>, p. 690.</p> + + <p>"Then said Sir Thomas Moyle: 'Ah! Bland, thou art a stiff-hearted + fellow. Thou wilt not obey the law, nor answer when thou art called.' + '<i>Nor will</i>,' quoth Sir John Baker. 'Master Sheriff, take him to + your ward.'"—<i>Id.</i>, vol. vii. p. 295.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Is it needful to state, that the original editions have, as they ought + to have, a note of interrogation at "Baker?" I will not tax the reader's + patience with more than two other examples, and they shall be fetched + from the writings of that admirable papist—the gentle, the + merry-hearted More:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Well, quod Caius, thou wylt graunte me thys fyrste, that euery thynge + that hath two erys is an asse.—Nay, mary mayster, wyll I not, quod + the boy.—<i>No wylt</i> thou? quod Caius. Ah, wyly boy, there thou + wentest beyond me."—The Thyrde Boke, the first chapter, fol. 84. of + Sir Thomas More's <i>Dialogues</i>.</p> + + <p>"Why, quod he, what coulde I answere ellys, but clerely graunt hym + that I believe that thyng for none other cause but only bycause the + Scripture so sheweth me?—<i>No could ye?</i> quod I. What yf neuer + Scripture had ben wryten in thys world, should there neuer haue bene eny + chyrch or congregacyon of faythfull and ryght beyleuyng + people?—That wote I nere, quod he. <i>No do ye?</i> quod + I."—<i>Id.</i>, fol. 85.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In taking leave of this idiom, it would not perhaps be amiss to + remark, that "ye can," in Duke Humphey's rejoinder to the "blyson begger + of St. Albonys," is not, as usually understood, "you can?" but "yea + can?"</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p><i>To be at point</i> = to be at a stay or stop, <i>i.e.</i> settled, + determined, nothing farther being to be said or done: a very common + phrase. Half a dozen examples shall suffice:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" · · · · · What I am truly</p> + <p>Is thine, and my poore countries to command:</p> + <p>Whither indeed before they (thy) heere-approach,</p> + <p>Old Seyward with ten thousand warlike men</p> + <p>Already <i>at a point</i>, was setting forth."</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Macbeth</i>, Act IV. Sc. 3. 1st Fol.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>No profit to give the commentators' various guesses at the import of + the phrase in the above passage, which will be best gathered from the + following instances of its use elsewhere. But, before passing further, I + beg permission to inform <span class="sc">Mr. Knight</span> that the + original suggester of "sell" for "self," in an earlier part of this play, + whose name <!-- Page 522 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page522"></a>{522}</span> he is at a loss for, was W. S. Landor, + whose footnote to vol. ii. p. 273., Moxon's edit. of his works, is as + follows:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"And here it may be permitted the editor to profit also by the + manuscript, correcting in Shakespeare what is <i>absolute nonsense</i> as + now printed:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'<i>Vaulting</i> ambition that o'erleaps <i>itself</i>,</p> + <p>And falls on the <i>other side</i>.'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Other side of what? It should be <i>its sell</i>. <i>Sell</i> is + saddle in Spenser and elsewhere, from the Latin and Italian."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>A correspondent of "N. & Q."., Vol. vii., p. 404., will be + delighted to find his very ingenious discovery brought home, and + corroborated by Landor's valuable manuscript: but it is an old said + saw—"Great wits jump." Now to our examples:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"<i>Pasquin.</i> Saint Luke also affirmeth the same, saying flatly + that he shall not be forgiuen. Beholde, therefore, how well they + interprete the Scriptures.</p> + + <p><i>Marforius.</i> I am alreadie <i>at a poynt</i> with them, but thou + shalt doo me great pleasure to expounde also vnto me certayne other + places, vppon the which they ground this deceit."—<i>Pasquine in a + Traunce</i>, turned but lately out of the Italian into this tongue by + W. P.: London, 1584.</p> + + <p>"But look, where malice reigneth in men, there reason can take no + place: and, therefore, I see by it, that you are all <i>at a point</i> + with me, that no reason or authority can persuade you to favour my name, + who never meant evil to you, but both your commodity and + profit."—Foxe's <i>Acts and Monuments</i>, vol. viii. p. 18.</p> + + <p>"Not so, my lord," said I, "for I am <i>at a full point</i> with + myself in that matter; and am right well able to prove both your + transubstantiation with the real presence to be against the Scriptures + and the ancient Fathers of the primitive Church."—<i>Id.</i>, p. + 587.</p> + + <p>"<i>Winchester.</i> No, surely, I am fully determined, and fully <i>at + a point</i> therein, howsoever my brethren do."—<i>Id.</i>, p. + 691.</p> + + <p>"<i>Brad.</i> Sir, so that you will define me your church, that under + it you bring not in a false church, you shall not see but that we shall + soon be <i>at a point</i>."—<i>Id.</i>, vol. vii. p. 190.</p> + + <p>"<i>Latimer.</i> Truly, my lord, as for my part I require no respite, + for I am <i>at a point</i>. You shall give me respite in vain; therefore, + I pray you let me not trouble you to-morrow."—<i>Id.</i>, p. + 534.</p> + + <p>"Unto whom he (Lord Cobham) gave this answer: 'Do as ye shall think + best, for I am <i>at a point</i>.' Whatsoever he (Archbishop Arundel) or + the other bishops did ask him after that, he bade them resort to his + bill: for thereby would he stand to the very death."—<i>Id.</i>, + vol. iii. pp. 327-8.</p> + + <p>"'Et illa et ista vera esse credantur et nulla inter nos contentio + remanebit, quia nec illis veris ista, nec istis veris illa impediuntur.' + Let bothe those truthes and these truthes be beleued, and we shall be + <i>at appoinct</i>. For neither these truthes are impaired by the other, + neither the other by these."—<i>A Fortresse of the Faith</i>, p. + 50., by Thomas Stapleton: Antwerp, 1565.</p> + + <p>"A poore man that shall haue liued at home in the countrie, and neuer + tasted of honoure and pompe, is alwayes <i>at a poynt</i> with himselfe, + when menne scorne and disdayne him, or shewe any token of contempt + towardes his person."—John Calvin's <i>CVIII. Sermon on the + Thirtieth Chap. of Job</i>, p. 554., translated by Golding: London, + 1574.</p> + + <p>"As for peace, I am <i>at a point</i>."—<i>Leycester + Correspondence</i>, Camd. Soc., p. 261.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. R. Arrowsmith</span>. + +<p class="cenhead">(<i>To be continued.</i>)</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Weather Rules.</i>—The interesting article on "The Shepherd + of Banbury's Weather Rules" (Vol. vii., p. 373.) has reminded me of two + <i>sayings</i> I heard in Worcestershire a few months back, and upon + which my informant placed the greatest reliance. The first is, "If the + moon changes on a Sunday, there will be a flood before the month is out." + My authority asserted that through a number of years he has never known + this fail. The month in which the change on a Sunday has occurred has + been fine until the last day, when the flood came. The other saying is, + "Look at the weathercock on St. Thomas's day at twelve o'clock, and see + which way the wind is, and there it will stick for the next quarter," + that is, three months. Can any of your readers confirm the above, and add + any similar "weather rules?"</p> + + <p class="author">J. A., <span class="sc">Jun</span>. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p><i>Drills presaging Death</i> (Vol. vii., p. 353.).—Your + correspondent asks if the superstition he here alludes to in Norfolk is + believed in other parts. I can give him a case in point in + Berkshire:—Some twenty years ago an old gentleman died there, a + near relative of my own; and on going down to his place, I was told by a + farm overseer of his, that he was certain some of his lordship's family + would die that season, as, in the last sowing, he had missed putting the + seed in one row, which he showed me! "Who could disbelieve it now?" quoth + the old man. I was then taken to the bee-hives, and at the door of every + one this man knocked with his knuckles, and informed the occupants that + they must now work for a new master, as their old one was gone to heaven. + This, I believe, has been queried in your invaluable paper some time + since. I only send it by the way. I know the same superstition is still + extant in Cheshire, North Wales, and in some parts of Scotland.</p> + + <p class="author">T. W. N. + + <p class="address">Malta. + + <p>A friend supplies me with the information that before drills were + invented, the labourers <!-- Page 523 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page523"></a>{523}</span> considered it unlucky to miss a "bout" in + corn or seed sowing, will sometimes happened when "broadcast" was the + only method. The ill-luck did not relate alone to a <i>death</i> in the + family of the farmer or his dependents, but to losses of cattle or + accidents. It is singular, however, that the superstition should have + transferred itself to the drill; but it will be satisfactory to E. G. R. + to learn that the process of <i>tradition</i> and + <i>superstition-manufacturing</i> is not going on in the nineteenth + century.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Taylor</span>. + + <p><i>Superstition in Devonshire; Valentine's Day</i> (Vol. v., pp. 55. + 148.).—This, according to Forby, vol. ii. p. 403., once formed in + Norfolk a part of the superstitious practices on <i>St. Mark's Eve</i>, + not St. Valentine's, as mentioned by J. S. A., when the sheeted ghosts of + those who should die that year (Mrs. Crowe would call them, I suppose, + <i>Doppelgängers</i>) march in grisly array to the parish church.</p> + + <p>The rhyme varies from J. S. A.'s:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Hempseed I sow:</p> + <p>Hempseed grow;</p> + <p>He that is my true love</p> + <p>Come after me, and mow."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>and the Norfolk spectre is seen with a <i>scythe</i>, instead of a + rake like his Devonshire compeer.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Taylor</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>A NOTE ON GULLIVER'S TRAVELS.</h3> + + <p>If I may argue from the silence of the latest edition of <i>Gulliver's + Travels, with Notes</i>, with which I am acquainted, viz. that by W. C. + Taylor, LL.D., Trinity College, Dublin, the Preface to which is dated May + 1st, 1840, I may say that all the commentators on Swift—all, at + least, down to that late date—have omitted to refer to a work + containing incidents closely resembling some of those recorded in the + "Voyage to Lilliput."</p> + + <p>The work to which I allude is a little dramatical composition, the + Bambocciata, or puppet-show, by Martelli, entitled <i>The Sneezing of + Hercules</i>. Goldoni, in his <i>Memoirs</i>, has given us the following + account of the manner in which he brought it out on the stage:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Count Lantieri was very well satisfied with my father, for he was + greatly recovered, and almost completely cured: his kindness was also + extended to me, and to procure amusement for me he caused a puppet-show, + which was almost abandoned, and which was very rich in figures and + decorations, to be refitted.</p> + + <p>"I profited by this, and amused the company by giving them a piece of + a great man, expressly composed for wooden comedians. This was the + <i>Sneezing of Hercules</i>, by Peter James Martelli, a Bolognese.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> · · · · · · · · · ·</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"The imagination of the author sent Hercules into the country of the + pigmies. Those poor little creatures, frightened at the aspect of an + animated mountain with legs and arms, ran and concealed themselves in + holes. One day as Hercules had stretched himself out in the open field, + and was sleeping tranquilly, the timid inhabitants issued out of their + retreats, and, armed with prickles and rushes, mounted on the monstrous + man, and covered him from head to foot, like flies when they fall on a + piece of rotten meat. Hercules waked, and felt something in his nose, + which made him sneeze; on which, his enemies tumbled down in all + directions. This ends the piece.</p> + + <p>"There is a plan, a progression, an intrigue, a catastrophe, and + winding up; the style is good and well-supported; the thoughts and + sentiments are all proportionate to the size of the personages. The + verses even are short, and everything indicates pigmies.</p> + + <p>"A gigantic puppet was requisite for Hercules; everything was well + executed. The entertainment was productive of much pleasure; and I could + lay a bet, that I am the only person who ever thought of executing the + Bambocciata of Martelli."—<i>Memoirs of Goldoni</i>, translated by + John Black, 2 vols., duod. vol. i. chap. 6.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It is certainly not necessary to point out here in what respects the + adventures of Hercules, the <i>animated mountain</i>, and those of + Quinbus Flestrin, the <i>man mountain</i>, differ from, or coincide with, + each other, as the only question I wish to raise is, whether a careful + analysis of Martelli's puppet-show ought, or ought not, to have been + placed among the notes on <i>Gulliver's Travels</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Forbes</span>. + + <p class="address">Temple. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p>In reply to J. M. G. of Worcester, who inquires for a MS. volume of + English poetry containing some lines attributed to Shakspeare, and which + is described in Thorpe's <i>Catalog</i> of MSS. for 1831, I can supply + some particulars which may assist him in the research. The MS., which at + one period had belonged to Joseph Hazlewood, was purchased from Thorpe by + the late Lord Viscount Kingsborough; after whose decease it was sold, in + November, 1842, at Charles Sharpe's literary sale room, Anglesea Street, + Dublin. It is No. 574. in the auction catalogue of that part of his + lordship's library which was then brought to auction.</p> + + <p>The volume has been noticed by Patrick Fraser Tytler, in his <i>Life + of Sir Walter Raleigh</i>, Edinburgh, 1833 (in Appendix B, p. 436., of + 2nd edit.), where, citing the passage from Collier, which is referred to + by J. M. G., he asserts that the lines are not Shakspeare's, but + Jonson's. But he does not appear to me to have established his case + beyond doubt; as the lines, though found among Jonson's works, may, + notwithstanding, be the production of some other writer: and why not of + Shakspeare, to whom they are ascribed in the MS.? Some verses by Sir + J. C. Hobhouse originally appeared as Lord Byron's: and there are <!-- + Page 524 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page524"></a>{524}</span> + numerous instances, both ancient and modern, of a similar attribution of + works to other than their actual authors.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arterus</span>. + + <p class="address">Dublin. + + <p><i>The Island of Prospero.</i>—We cannot assert that Shakspeare, + in the <i>Tempest</i>, had any particular island in view as the scene of + his immortal drama, though by some this has been stoutly maintained. + Chalmers prefers one of the Bermudas. The Rev. J. Hunter, in his + <i>Disquisition on the Scene, &c. of the Tempest</i>, endeavours to + confer the honour on the Island of Lampedosa. In reference to this + question, a statement of the pseudo-Aristotle is remarkable. In his work + "<span title="peri thaumasiôn akousmatôn" class="grk" + >περὶ + θαυμασίων + ἀκουσμάτων</span>," + he mentions Lipara, one of the Æolian Islands, lying to the north of + Sicily, and nearly in the course of Shakspeare's Neapolitan fleet from + Tunis to Naples. Among the <span title="polla teratôdê" class="grk" + >πολλὰ + τερατώδη</span> found there, + he tells us:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"<span title="Exakouesthai gar tumpanôn kai kumbalôn êchon gelôta te meta thorubou kai krotalôn enargôs. legousi de ti teratôdesteron gegonenai peri to spêlaion." class="grk" + >Ἐξακούεσθαι + γὰρ τυμπάνων + καὶ + κυμβάλων + ἦχον γέλωτα + τε μετὰ + θορύβου + καὶ + κροτάλων + ἐναργῶς. + λέγουσι δέ + τι + τερατωδέστερον + γεγονέναι + περὶ τὸ + σπήλαιον.</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>If we compare this with the aerial music heard by Ferdinand + (<i>Tempest</i>, I. 2.), especially as the orchestra is represented by + the genial burin of M. Retsch in the fifth plate of his well-known + sketches (<i>Umrisze</i>), it will appear probable that Shakspeare was + acquainted with the Greek writer either in the original or through a + translation. As far as I am aware, this has not been observed by any of + the commentators.—From <i>The Navorscher</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">J. M. + + <p><i>Coincident Criticisms.</i>—I shall be obliged if you will + allow me through your pages to anticipate and rebut two charges of + plagiarism. When I wrote my Note on a passage in <i>The Winter's Tale</i> + ("N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 378.), I had not seen the <i>Dublin + University Magazine</i> for March last, containing some remarks on the + same passage in some respects much resembling mine. I must also declare + that my Note on a passage in <i>All's Well that ends Well</i> ("N. & + Q.," Vol. vii., p. 426.) was posted for you some time before the + appearance of A. E. B.'s Note on the same passage ("N. & Q.," Vol. + vii., p. 403.). The latter coincidence is more remarkable than the + former, as the integrity of the amended text was in both notes discussed + by means of the same parallel passage. <i>Apropos</i> of A. E. B.'s + clever Note, permit me to say, that though at first it appeared to me + conclusive, I now incline to think that Shakspeare intended Helen to + address the <i>leaden messengers</i> by means of a very hyperbolic + figure: "wound the still-piecing air that sings with piercing" is a + consistent whole. If, as A. E. B. rightly says, <i>to wound the air</i> + is an impossibility, it is equally impossible that the air should utter + any sound expressive of sensibility. The fact of course is, that the + cannon-balls <i>cleave</i> the air, and that by so cleaving it a shrill + noise is produced. The cause and effect may, however, be metaphorically + described, by comparing air to Bertram. I believe it is a known fact that + every man who is struck with a cannon-ball cries out instinctively. + Shakspeare therefore might, I think, have very poetically described the + action and effect of a cannon-ball passing through the air by the strong + figure of <i>wounding the air that sings with the piercing which it is + enduring</i>.</p> + + <p>In concluding this Note, I beg to express what is not merely my own, + but a very general feeling of disappointment in respect of <span + class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> new edition of Shakspeare. To it, with a + new force, may be applied the words of A. E. B. in "N. & Q.," Vol. + vi., p. 296.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"But the evil of these emendations is not in this instance confined to + the mere suggestion of doubt; the text has absolutely been altered in all + accessible editions, in many cases <i>silently</i>, so that the ordinary + reader has no opportunity of judging between <i>Shakspeare</i> and his + improvers."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>That <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> should be the greatest of + such offenders, is no very cheering sign of the times.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby</span>. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p><i>Dogberry's Losses</i> (Vol. vii., p. 377.).—I do not know + whether it has ever been suggested, but I feel inclined to read + "lawsuits." He has just boasted of himself as "one that knows the + <i>law</i>;" and it seems natural enough that he should go on to brag of + being a rich fellow enough, "and a fellow that hath had <i>lawsuits</i>" + of his own, and actually figured as plaintiff or defendant. Suppose the + words taken down from the mouth of an actor, and the mistake would be + easy.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Doe</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>THE CŒNACULUM OF LIONARDO DA VINCI.</h3> + + <p>I have in my possession a manuscript critique on the celebrated + picture of The Last Supper by Lionardo da Vinci, written many years ago + by a deceased academician; in which the writer has called in question the + <i>point of time</i> usually supposed to have been selected by the + celebrated Italian painter. The criticisms are chiefly founded on the + copy by Marco Oggioni, now in the possession of the Royal Academy of + Arts.</p> + + <p>Uniform tradition has assumed that the moment of action is that in + which the Saviour announces the treachery of one of his disciples "Dico + vobis quia unus vestrum me traditurus est." Matth. xxvi. 21., Joan. xiii. + 21., Vulgate edit.; and most of the admirers of this great work have not + failed to find in it decisive proofs of the intention of the painter to + represent that exact point of time. <!-- Page 525 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page525"></a>{525}</span></p> + + <p>The author of the manuscript enters into a very detailed examination + of the several groups of figures which compose the picture, and of the + expression of the heads; and he confesses his inability to find in them + anything decisively indicating the period supposed to be chosen. He + remarks that nine at least of the persons, including the principal one, + are evidently engaged in animated conversation; that instead of that + concentrated attention which the announcement might be supposed to + generate, there appears to be great variety of expressions and of action; + and that neither surprise nor indignation are so generally prominent, as + might have been expected. He inclines to think that the studied diversity + of expression, and the varied attitudes and gestures of the assembled + party, are to be regarded as proofs of the artist's efforts to produce a + powerful and harmonious composition, rather than a natural and truthful + representation of any particular moment of the transaction depicted by + him.</p> + + <p>The work in question is now so generally accessible through the medium + of accurate engravings, that any one may easily exercise his own judgment + on the matter, and decide for himself whether the criticism be well + founded.</p> + + <p>It must be borne in mind that the subject had long been a familiar + decoration of conventual refectories before the time when Lionardo + brought his profound knowledge of external human nature, and his + unsurpassed powers of executive art, to bear on a subject which had + before been treated in the dry, conventional, inanimate manner of the + Middle Ages. The leading features of the traditional picture are + retained: the long table, the linen cloth, the one-sided arrangement of + the figures, the classic drapery, and the general form and design of the + apartment, are all to be found in the earlier works; and must have been + considered, by observers in general, far more essential to the correct + delineation of the scene than any adherence to the exact description of + it in any one of the Evangelists. But as the subject was usually + introduced into refectories for the edification of the brethren assembled + with their superior at their own meals, it does not seem likely that the + treachery of Judas should have been intended to be the prominent action + of the picture. It was a memorial of the institution of the Eucharist, + although the Christ was not represented as dispensing either bread or + wine. In such a case, if any particular point of time was ever + contemplated by the artist, he might judiciously and appropriately select + the moment when the Saviour was announcing, in mysterious words, the + close of his mission—as in St. Matthew and St. Mark; or was + teaching them a lesson of humility when the spirit of rivalry and strife + had disclosed itself among them—as we find in St. Luke and St. + John.</p> + + <p>It is not perhaps generally known that the statutes of Queen's + College, Oxford, prescribe the order of sitting at the common table in + manner which evidently refers to the <i>cœnaculum</i> of the old + church painters.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. Smirke</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Scotter Register (County Lincoln).</i>—The following extracts + from the register of the parish of Scotter, in the county of Lincoln, are + perhaps sufficiently interesting to be worth printing in "N. & + Q.":</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>1. "Eccelesia parochialis de Scotter comitatu Lincolniæ dedicata est + Beatis Apostolis Sancto Petro et Sancto Paulo ut apparet in Antiquo + Scripto viduæ Loddington de Scotter, viz. in testamento vltimo Thomæ + Dalyson, Gen. de Scotter, qui obiit Junii 19<sup>o</sup>, anno Domini + 1495.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span class="sc">Gul. Carrington</span>,</p> + <p class="i2hg3">"Rector eclīa ibid."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>2. "<i>Memorandum</i>, That on Septuagesima Sunday, being the + 19<sup>th</sup> day of January, 1667, one Francis Drury, an excommunicate + person, came into the church in time of divine service in y<sup>e</sup> + morning, and being admonisht by mee to begon, hee obstinately refused, + whereuppon y<sup>e</sup> whole congregation departed; and after the same + manner in the afternoon, the same day, he came again, and refusing againe + to go out, the whole congregation againe went home, soe y<sup>t</sup> + little or no service pformed. They prevented his further coming in + y<sup>t</sup> manner, as hee threatned, by order from the Justice, uppon + the statute of Queene Elizabeth concerning the molestation and + disturbance of publiq preachers.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Wm. Carrington</span>, Rec."</p> + </div> + </div> +<p class="cenhead">"O tempora, O mores."</p> + + <p>3. "Michæl Skinner Senex centum et trium annorum sepultus fuit die + sancti Johannis, viz. Dec. 27, 1673."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Peacock</span>, Jun. + + <p class="address">Bottesford Moors, Kirton Lindsey. + + <p>"<i>All my Eye.</i>"—"<i>Over the Left.</i>"</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"What benefit a Popish successor can reap from lives and fortunes + spent in defence of the Protestant religion, he may put in his eye: and + what the Protestant religion gets by lives and fortunes spent in the + service of a Popish successor, will be over the left + shoulder."—Preface to <i>Julian the Apostate</i>: London, printed + for Langley Curtis, on Ludgate Hill. 1682.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Is this passage the origin of the above cant phrases?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">George Daniel</span>. + + <p class="address">Canonbury. + + <p><i>Curious Marriages.</i>—In <i>Harl. MSS.</i> 1550, p. 180., is + the pedigree of Irby, where Anthony Irby has two daughters: Margaret, who + married Henry Death, and Dorothy, who married John Domesday.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. G. Ballard</span>. +<!-- Page 526 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page526"></a>{526}</span> + + <p><i>Child-mother.</i>—Four months ago, on board the Brazil + packet, the royal mail steam-vessel Severn, there was an instance of a + "child-wife," which might be worthy of a place among your curiosities of + that description.</p> + + <p>She was the wedded wife of a Brazilian travelling from the Brazils to + Lisbon, and her husband applied for permission to pay the "reduced + passage money" for her as being "under twelve years of age!"</p> + + <p>As the regulation on that head speaks of "<i>children</i> under twelve + years of age," this <i>conscientious</i> Brazilian's demand could not be + countenanced.</p> + + <p>His wife's age was under eleven years and a half, and (<i>credat + Judæus</i>) <i>she was a mother</i>!</p> + + <p class="author">A. L. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>FURTHER QUERIES RESPECTING BISHOP KEN.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(<i>Continued from</i> Vol. vii., p. 380.)</p> + + <p>In a <i>Collection of Poems</i>, in six volumes, by several Hands + (Dodsley, 5th edition, 1758), and in vol. iii. p. 75., is found "An + Epistle from Florence to T. A., Esq., Tutor to the Earl of + P——. Written in the year 1740. By the Honourable + ——." Can any one explain an allusion contained in these three + lines of the epistle?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Or with wise Ken judiciously define,</p> + <p>When Pius marks the honorary coin</p> + <p>Of Caracalla, or of Antonine."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>It is hardly to be supposed that the Ken here named could mean the + bishop, who died so far back as 1711. Was there a coin-collector of that + name living about 1740?</p> + + <p>We learn (from Ken's <i>Prose Works</i>, ed. Round, pp. 93, 94.) that + the Bishop's sister, "my poor sister Ken," most probably then a widow, + lost her only son, who died at Cyprus, in 1707. Was this Mrs. Ken the + Rose Vernon, sister of Sir Thomas Vernon, of Coleman Street, London, and + the wife of Jon Ken, the bishop's eldest brother, and treasurer of the + East India Company? This Jon and Rose Ken are represented, in Mr. + Markland's Pedigree of the Ken family, as still living in 1683. Is there + no monumental memorial of this Treasurer Ken, or his family, in any of + the London churches?</p> + + <p>In Mr. Macaulay's <i>History of England</i>, 5th ed., vol. ii. p. + 365., he states that "it was well known that one of the most opulent + dissenters of the City had begged that he might have the honour of giving + security for Ken," when the seven bishops were bailed, previous to their + trial. On what authority (for none is cited) does this statement + rest?</p> + + <p>Can any one give a clue to this passage from a letter written to Mr. + Harbin, Lord Weymouth's chaplain, by Bishop Ken, and dated "Winton, Jan + 22." [1701]:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"I came to Winchester yesterday, where I stay one post more, and then + go either to Sir R. U. or L. Newton, where you shall hear from + me."—Ken's <i>Prose Works</i>, by Round, p. 53.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can "Sir R. U." (the <i>U</i> perhaps being a mistake for <i>W.</i>) + designate Sir Robert Worsley, Bart., of Chilton, in the county of + Southampton, married to Lord Weymouth's daughter? and can "L. Newton" be + a mistake for Long Sutton, in Hants? or may it be Long Newton, in the + hundred of Malmesbury?</p> + + <p class="author">J. J. J. + + <p class="address">Temple. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>THE REV. JOHN LAWSON AND HIS MATHEMATICAL +MANUSCRIPTS.</h3> + + <p>In the year 1774 the Rev. John Lawson, B.D., Rector of Swanscombe in + Kent, published <i>A Dissertation on the Geometrical Analysis of the + Antients, with a Collection of Theorems and Problems without solutions + for the Exercise of young Students</i>. This work was printed anonymously + at Canterbury, but the merits of the essay did not permit the author to + remain long in obscurity; the real writer was immediately known to most + of the geometers of the day, and the elegant character of many of the + theorems and problems, led to a general desire that their solutions + should be published in a separate work. In accordance with this + intention, it was announced on a fly-sheet attached to some copies of the + work, that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The author of this publication being a man of leisure, and living in + a retired situation, remote from any opportunity of conversation with + mathematicians, would be extremely glad of a correspondence with any + such, who are willing to be at the expense of the same; or if this be + thought too much, will pay the postage of his answers to their letters. + But no letters, except post-paid, can be received by him; otherwise a + door would be opened for frolic, imposition, and impertinence. Any new + geometrical propositions, either theorems or problems, would be received + with gratitude, and if sent without solutions, he would use his best + endeavours to return such as might be satisfactory. Any new solutions of + propositions already in print, <i>especially of those included in the + present collection</i>, would also be very agreeable. If a variety of + such demonstrations essentially different from those of the original + authors should be communicated, he proposes at some future time to + publish them all, with a fresh collection for further exercise; and then + each author's name shall be affixt to his own solution, or any other + signature which he shall please to direct. Any person who shall favor the + publisher with his correspondence shall have speedily conveyed to him the + solutions of any propositions contained in this collection, which he may + be desirous of seeing. Letters (post-paid) directed for P. Q., to be left + at Mr. Nourse's, Bookseller, in the <!-- Page 527 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page527"></a>{527}</span> Strand, London, will + be carefully transmitted on the first day of each month, and all + correspondents may expect answers during the course of that month."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In consequence of this appeal, Mr. Lawson was speedily in + correspondence with several of the most able geometers then living, and + amongst the rest, Messrs. Ainsworth, Clarke, Merrit, Power, &c., + appear to have furnished him with original solutions to his collection of + theorems and problems. The manuscript containing these solutions must + have been of considerable size, since a portion of it was sent down to + Manchester about July, 1777, for the purpose of obtaining Mr. Ainsworth's + remarks and corrections; and Mr. Lawson is requested, in a letter bearing + date "August 22, 1777," to "send the next portion when convenient." + Whether Mr. Lawson did so or not, I have not yet been able to ascertain; + but this much is certain, the manuscript was never printed, and would + most probably either be disposed of at the death of its compiler, or + previously transferred to the possession of some geometer of Mr. Lawson's + acquaintance. Several of the <i>original</i> letters which passed between + the respective parties relating to this manuscript are at present in the + hands of two or three of the Lancashire geometers, but no one seems to + know anything of the manuscript itself. May I then request that the + fortunate holder of this yet valuable collection will make himself known + through the medium of the widely circulated pages of "N. & Q."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. T. Wilkinson</span>. + + <p class="address">Burnley, Lancashire. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>"Wanderings of Memory."</i>—In Brayley's <i>Graphic and + Historical Illustrator</i>, p. 293., is a quotation from the + <i>Wanderings of Memory</i>, as a motto to an account of the ancient + castle of the Peverils at Castleton, in Derbyshire: can any of your + readers tell me who was the author of the poem in question?</p> + + <p class="author">W. R. + + <p class="address">Camden Town. + + <p><i>"Wandering Willie's Tale."</i>—Has the scene that presented + itself to the view of Piper Steenie Steenson, when he was ushered by the + phantom of his old friend Dougal M<sup>c</sup>Callum into the presence of + the ghastly revellers carousing in the auld oak parlour of the visionary + Redgauntlet Castle, ever been painted? (See <i>Redgauntlet</i>, Letter + xi.) If it has, is there any engraving of the picture extant or on + sale?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Forbes</span>. + + <p class="address">Temple. + + <p><i>Chapel Sunday.</i>—I had the pleasure of spending a Sunday in + the course of the last summer in the neighbourhood of Keswick, among the + delightful lake scenery of England. I there learned that in the village + of Thornthwaite it was Chapel Sunday, and on inquiry I was told that + there were a few other villages in the neighbourhood where there was also + a Chapel Sunday. Upon this day it is the custom of young people to come + from neighbouring places to attend worship at the village church or + chapel, and the afternoon partakes of a merry-making character at the + village inn. There appeared, as far as I could see, no excesses attending + the anniversary, all being respectable in their conduct. Can any of your + Cambrian readers inform me the origin of this anniversary?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Prestoniensis</span>. + + <p><i>Proud Salopians.</i>—I have never heard a satisfactory + account of the origin of this title, given to persons belonging to my + native county.</p> + + <p>In the neighbourhood the following story is frequently related, but + with what authority I cannot tell, viz. "That upon the king (Query + which?) offering to make Shrewsbury a city, the inhabitants replied that + they preferred its remaining the largest borough in England, rather than + it should be the smallest city; their pride not allowing them to be small + among the great."</p> + + <p>If this history of the term be true, it would appear that the name + should only be applied to <i>burgesses of Shrewsbury</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Salopian</span>. + + <p><i>George Miller, D.D.</i>—In the year 1796, George Miller, + subsequently the author of <i>Modern History Philosophically + Illustrated</i>, and many other well-known works (of which a list appears + in a recent Memoir), was appointed Donnelan Lecturer in Trinity College, + Dublin; and delivered a course of sermons or lectures on "An Inquiry into + the Causes that have impeded the further Progress of Christianity." I + should be very glad indeed to know whether these Sermons have appeared in + print; and if so, when and where published? I have not been able to + procure a copy.</p> + + <p>With regard to the Donnelan Lectureship, I may add, that a legacy of + 1243<i>l.</i> was bequeathed to the College of Dublin by Mrs. Anne + Donnelan, of the parish of St. George, Hanover Square, in the county of + Middlesex, spinster, "for the encouragement of religion, learning, and + good manners." The particular mode of application was entrusted to the + Provost and Senior Fellows; and accordingly, amongst other resolutions of + the Board, passed Feb. 22, 1794, are to be found the following: "That a + Divinity Lecture, to which shall be annexed a salary arising from the + interest of 1200<i>l.</i>, shall be established for ever, to be called + Donnelan's Lecture;" and "That one moiety of the interest of the said + 1200<i>l.</i> shall be paid to the Lecturer as soon as he shall have + delivered the whole number [six] of the lectures; and the other moiety as + soon as he shall have <i>published</i> four of the said Lectures."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abhba</span>. +<!-- Page 528 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page528"></a>{528}</span> + + <p><i>Members of Parliament.</i>—Pennant, in <i>The Journey from + Chester to London</i>, p. 94., says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The ancient owners of Rudgley were of the same name with the town: + some of the family had the honour of being sheriffs of the county in the + reign of Edward III. <i>Another was knight of the shire in the same + period.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any reader of "N. & Q." verify the <i>last portion</i> of + Pennant's statement?</p> + + <p class="author">J. W. S. R. + + <p>St. Ives, Hunts.</p> + + <p><i>Taret.</i>—I have lately met with mention of a "small insect + called the <i>Taret</i>." What may this be?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tyro</span>. + + <p><i>Jeroboam of Claret, &c.</i>—Could any of your + correspondents inform me what a Jeroboam of Claret is, and from what it + is derived: also a Magnum of Port?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Winebibber</span>. + + <p><i>William Williams of Geneva.</i>—In <i>Livre des Anglois, à + Génève</i>, with a few biographical notes by J. S. Burn, Esq., pages 5, + 6. 12, 13., mention is made of Guillaume—Will<span + class="over">m</span> Will<span class="over">m</span>s, and Jane his + wife,—Will<span class="over">m</span> Will<span + class="over">m</span>s, a senior of the church there in 1555, 1556, 1557, + 1558; and some of the years he was a godfather. I shall be glad to have + some further account of such William Williams, or references to where to + find such?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Glwysig</span>. + + <p><i>The First of April and "The Cap awry."</i>—Tom Moore, in his + Diary, 1819, says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"April 1st. Made Bessy turn her cap awry in honour of the day."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>What was the origin of this custom? Was this the way a fool was + supposed to show that his head was turned?</p> + + <p class="author">C. R. + + <p class="address">Paternoster Row. + + <p><i>Sir G. Browne, Bart.</i>—Sir George Browne, Bart., of West + Stafford, Berks, and Wickham, is said to have had nineteen children by + his wife Eleanor Blount; and that three of those children were sons, + killed in the service of Charles I.</p> + + <p>Was either of those sons named Richard; and was any of them, and + which, married? If so, where, and to whom?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Newbury</span>. + + <p><i>Bishop Butler.</i>—Will any of our Roman Catholic friends + tell us on what authority they assert that Bishop Butler, the author of + <i>The Analogy</i>, died in their communion? That he was suspected of a + tendency that way during his life is acknowledged by all, though the + grounds, that of setting up a cross in his chapel, are confessedly + unsatisfactory. But, besides this, it is alleged that he died with a + Roman Catholic book of devotion in his hand, and that the last person in + whose company he was seen was a priest of that persuasion. One would be + glad to have this question sifted.</p> + + <p class="author">X. Y. Z. + + <p><i>Oaken Tombs.</i>—In Dr. Whitaker's noble history of <i>Loidis + and Elmete</i>, p. 322., is the following passage:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Next in point of time is a very singular memorial, which has + evidently been removed from its original position, between the chapel and + the high altar, to a situation at the south side and west end of the + chapel.... The tomb is a messy frame-work of oak, with quarter-foils and + arms on three sides, and on the table above three statues of the same + material, namely, of a knight bare-headed, with rather youthful + countenance and sharp features, and his two wives. On the filleting is + this rude inscription in Old English:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Bonys emong Stonys, lyes here ful styl,</p> + <p>Quilst the sawle wanders wher God wyl.</p> + <p class="i4">Anno D<sup>ni</sup> <span class="scac">MCCCCCXXIX</span>.'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This commemorates Sir John Savile, who married, &c.</p> + + <p>"Over all has been a canopy, or rather tester, for the whole must have + originally resembled an antique and massy bedstead, exhibiting the very + incongruous appearance of a husband in bed with two wives at once."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The Doctor adds:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Oaken tombs are very rare; that of Aymer de Valence in Westminster + Abbey has been and still is in part coated over with copper, gilt, and + enamelled, and I have seen another in the church of Tickencote in + Rutlandshire. I do not recollect a third specimen."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Query, How many have been discovered since the great historian's + day?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">St. Bees</span>. + + <p><i>Alleged Bastardy of Elizabeth.</i>—In the State Paper Office + (<i>Dom. Pap.</i>, temp. Jac. I.), there is, under date of 1608, a letter + from Mr. Chamberlaine to Sir Dudley Carleton, of October 28, in which + Chamberlaine says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"I heare of a Bill put into the Exchequer, concerninge much lande that + sh<sup>d</sup> be alienated on account of the alleged bastardy of Queen + Elizabeth."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>P. C. S. S. is desirous to know whether there be any record in the + Court of Exchequer which bears out this singular statement.</p> + + <p class="author">P. C. S. S. + + <p><i>"Pugna Porcorum."</i>—Where may be found some account of the + author, object, &c. of this facetious production?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">P. J. F. Gantillon</span>, B.A. + + <p><i>Parviso.</i>—Can any of your readers inform me as to the + meaning of the word <i>parviso</i>; it occurs in the usual form of the + "Testamur" for Responsions. On reference to Webster's <i>Dictionary</i>, + I find that <i>parvis</i> is a small porch or gateway; perhaps this may + throw some light upon the question.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Oxoniensis</span>. + + <p><i>Mr. Justice Newton.</i>—There is a very stiff Indian-ink copy + of a portrait in the <i>Sutherland Illustrated Clarendon</i>, in the + Bodleian Library, the original of which I should be glad to trace. It is + described in the Catalogue to be "by Bulfinch," <!-- Page 529 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page529"></a>{529}</span> which is probably a + mistake. It bears the following inscription:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"This is drawn from the painting in the hands of Mr. Justice Newton of + the Middle Temple."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any one inform me when this learned justice lived; or rather, for + it concerns me more, when he died? And farther, if it be not too hopeless + an inquiry to make, who his existing representatives (if any) may be?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. Kyffin Lenthall</span>. + + <p class="address">36. Mount Street, Grosvenor Square. + + <p><i>Mufti.</i>—I hear military men employ this term, "we went in + <i>mufti</i>:" meaning, out of uniform. Whence is it derived?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Maria</span>. + + <p><i>Ryming and Cuculling.</i>—In that very curious volume of + extracts from <i>The Presbytery Book of Strathbogie</i>, <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1631-54, which was printed for the Spalding Club + in 1843, occurs the following passage:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"George Jinkin and John Christie referred from the Session of + Abercherder, for <i>ryming and cuculling</i>, called, compeird not. + Ordained to be summonded <i>pro</i> 2<sup>o</sup>."—P. 242.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Accordingly, on—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The said day, George Jinkin in Abercherder, being summonded for his + <i>ryming and cuculling</i>, being called, compeired; and being accused + of the foresaid fault, confessed he only spoke three words of <i>that + ryme</i>. Being sharpely rebuked, and instructed of the grosnes of that + sin, was ordained to satisfie in sackcloth, which he promised to + do."—P. 245.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>What was the "fault" here alluded to, and visited with a species of + discipline with which the presbytery, and those under its jurisdiction, + appear to have been very familiar?</p> + + <p class="author">D. + + <p><i>Custom at the Savoy Church.</i>—At the Savoy Church (London), + the Sunday following Christmas Day, there was a chair placed near the + door, covered with a cloth: on the chair was an orange, in a plate.</p> + + <p>Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." inform me the meaning of + this?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ceridwen</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2> + + <p><i>Faithfull Teate.</i>—I lately fell in with a small work by + this divine, entitled <i>Ter Tria</i>, and on the fly-leaf is a MS. note, + stating that some years ago a copy of the same book was priced, in a + bookseller's catalogue in London, at 1<i>l.</i> 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> I + wish to learn some particulars relative to the author, and if the work is + valuable, or scarce, or both.</p> + + <p class="author">J. S. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Neither Calamy nor Brook has furnished any biographical notices of + Dr. Faithfull Teate. When he wrote <i>Ter Tria</i>, in 1658, he was a + "Preacher of the Word at Sudbury in Suffolk." A second edition of it was + published in 1669. In 1665 appeared his <i>Scripture Map of the + Wildernesse of Sin</i>," 4to. In a discourse on <i>Right Thoughts, the + Righteous Man's Evidence</i>, he has the following passage, accommodated + to his own destitute state after his ejectment: "The righteous man, in + thinking of his present condition of life, thinks it his relief, that the + less money he has he may go the more upon trust; the less he finds in his + purse, seeks the more in the promise of Him that has said, 'I will never + leave thee, nor forsake thee;' so that he thinks no man can take away his + livelihood, unless he can first take away God's truth." Lowndes has given + the following prices of <i>Ter Tria</i>: Sir M. M. Sykes, part iii. 626., + 5<i>s.</i>; Nassau, part ii. 682., 8<i>s.</i>; White Knights, 4068., + 1<i>l.</i>; <i>Bibl. Ang. Poet.</i>, 764., 1<i>l.</i> 11<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i>]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Kelway Family.</i>—Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." + guide me to anything like a pedigree of the family of <i>Kelloway</i>, + <i>Kaloway</i>, or <i>Kelway</i>; which I find from Lysons' + <i>Devonshire</i> possessed the manor of Mokesbean in that county from + the time of Henry II.?</p> + + <p>In the first year of Edward III., when the property of those who + suffered after the battle of Boroughbridge was restored, John de + Keilewaye was found "hæres de integro sanguine" to Lord Gifford of + Brimesfield.</p> + + <p>The last of the family appears to have been John Kelloway of + Collampton in Devon, who married Joan Tregarthian; and dying in 1530, + left co-heiresses married to Greville of Penheale, Codrington of + Codrington, Harwood, and Cooke.</p> + + <p>The arms of the family are singular, being, Argent within a bordure + engrailed sable, two groving irons in saltire sable, between four pears + Or.</p> + + <p class="author">R. H. C. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The pedigree of this family will be found in two copies by Munday of + the "Visitation of Devonshire," <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1564, in + the Harleian MSS. 1091. p. 90., and 1538, p. 2166. The only difference in + the arms is, in both copies, that there is <i>no bordure engrailed</i>; + but this has probably been added since as a <i>difference</i>, as was + often done to distinguish families. The name is here spelt + <i>Kelloway</i>, and the pedigree begins with "Thomas Kelloway of + Stowford in County Devon, who married Anne, daughter of —— + Copleston, of ——, in county Somerset," and ends with "John + Kelloway, who married Margery, daughter of John Arscott of Dunsland, and + left issue Robert, who married ——, and Richard."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Regatta.</i>—What is the etymology of the word + <i>regatta</i>? From whence is it derived, and when was it first used in + English to mean a boat-race?</p> + + <p class="author">C. B. N. C. J. S. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Baretti says, "Regatta, <i>palio che si corre sull' acqua</i>; a race + run on water in boats. The word I take to be corrupted from + <i>Remigata</i>, the art of rowing." Florio, in his <i>Worlde of + Wordes</i>, has "<i>Regattare</i>, Ital. to wrangle, to cope or fight for + the mastery." The term, as denoting a showy species of boat-race, was + first used in this <!-- Page 530 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page530"></a>{530}</span> country towards the close of the last + century; for the papers of that time inform us, that on June 23, 1775, a + regatta, a <i>novel</i> entertainment, and the first of the kind, was + exhibited in the river Thames, in imitation of some of those splendid + shows exhibited at Venice on their grand festivals. The whole river, from + London Bridge to the Ship Tavern, Millbank, was covered with boats. About + 1200 flags were flying before four o'clock in the afternoon, and vessels + were moored in the river for the sale of liquors and other refreshments. + Before six o'clock it was a perfect fair on both sides the water, and bad + liquor, with short measure, was plentifully retailed. Plans of the + regatta were sold from a shilling to a penny each, and songs on the + occasion sung, in which "regatta" was the rhyme for "Ranelagh," and + "royal family" echoed to "liberty."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Coket and Cler-mantyn.</i>—Piers Plowman says that when new + corn began to be sold—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Waulde no beggar eat bread that in it beanes were,</p> + <p>But of <i>coket</i> and <i>cler-mantyn</i>, or else of cleane wheate."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>What are <i>coket</i> and <i>cler-mantyn</i>? Also, what are + <i>coronation flowers</i>, and <i>sops in wine</i>?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ceridwen</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Both <i>coket</i> and <i>cler-mantyn</i> mean a kind of fine bread. + <i>Coronation</i> is the name given by some of our old writers to a + species of flower, the modern appellation of which is not clear. + <i>Sops-in-wine</i> were a species of flowers among the smaller kind of + single gilliflowers or pinks. Both these flowers are noticed by Spenser, + in his <i>Shepherd's Calendar</i> for April, as follows:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Bring coronations and sops-in-wine</p> + <p>Worn of paramours."]</p> + </div> + </div> +</div> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>CURFEW.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vi., pp. 53. 112.)</p> + + <p>It will be remembered that when Mr. Webster, one of the greatest of + American statesmen, was on his death-bed, in October last, he requested + his son to read to him that far-famed "Elegy" of Gray:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The curfew tolls the knell of parting day."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The editor of the <i>Boston Journal</i>, after referring to this + circumstance, which he says has caused an unexampled demand for the works + of Gray in the United States, goes on to give the result of his + researches in many old English works, respecting the origin and meaning + of the word <i>curfew</i>, which I trust will interest not only your + correspondents who have written on the subject, but also many of your + readers. I glean from the clever article now before me the following + brief notices, which I have not yet met with in "N. & Q."</p> + + <p>In King Alfred's time the curfew was rung at eight o'clock, and called + the "cover fire bell," because the inhabitants, on hearing its peals, + were obliged to cover their fires, and go to bed. Thomson evidently + refers, in the following lines, to this tyrannical law, which was + abolished in England about the year 1100:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The shiv'ring wretches at the curfew sound,</p> + <p>Dejected sunk into their sordid beds,</p> + <p>And through the mournful gloom of ancient time,</p> + <p>Mused sad, or dreamt of better."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>On the people finding that they could put out their fires and go to + bed when they pleased, it would appear, from being recorded in many + places, that the time of ringing the curfew bell was first changed from + eight to nine o'clock, then from nine to ten, and afterwards to the early + hours of the morning. Thus we find in <i>Romeo and Juliet</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The curfew bell hath rung:</p> + <p class="hg1">'Tis <i>three o'clock</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In Shakspeare's works frequent mention is made of the curfew. In the + <i>Tempest</i> he gives the following:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8hg3">"You whose pastime</p> + <p>Is to make midnight mushrooms—that rejoice</p> + <p>To hear the solemn curfew."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In <i>Measure for Measure</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Duke.</i> Who call'd here of late?</p> + <p><i>Provost.</i> None since the curfew rung."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In <i>King Lear</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"This is the foul fiend Flibertigibbet;</p> + <p>He begins at curfew, and walks to the first cock."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>This old English custom of ringing the curfew bell was carried by the + Puritan fathers to New England; and where is the Bostonian of middle age + who does not well recollect the ringing of the church bell at nine + o'clock, which was the willing signal for labourers to retire to bed, and + for shopmen to close their shops?</p> + + <p>Before closing this Note, may I be allowed to inform <span + class="sc">Mr. Sansom</span>, that <i>Charlestown</i> is in + Massachusetts, and only separated from Boston by Charles River, which + runs between the two cities. The place to which he refers is + <i>Charleston</i>, and in South Carolina.</p> + + <p class="author">W. W. + + <p class="address">Malta. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>THE "SALT-PETER-MAN."</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 377. 433. 460.)</p> + + <p>The statute against monopolies (21 Jac. I. c. 3.) contains a clause + (sec. 10.) that its provisions should not extend to any commission grant + or letters patent theretofore made, or thereafter to be made, of, for, or + concerning the digging, making, or compounding of saltpetre or gunpowder, + which were to be of the like force and effect, <i>and no other</i>, as if + that act had never been made.</p> + + <p>In the famous "Remonstrance of the State of the Kingdom" agreed upon + by the House of Commons in November, 1641, there is special allusion to + the vexation and oppression of the <!-- Page 531 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page531"></a>{531}</span> subject by purveyors, + clerks of the market, and saltpetre men. (<i>Parliamentary History</i>, + x. 67.)</p> + + <p>Shortly afterwards was passed an act (which obtained the royal assent) + giving liberty for importing gunpowder and saltpetre, and for making of + gunpowder. The preamble asserts that the importation of gunpowder from + foreign parts had of late times been against law prohibited, and the + making thereof within this realm ingrossed; whereby the price of + gunpowder had been excessively raised, many powder works decayed, this + kingdom very much weakened and endangered, the merchants thereof much + damnified, many mariners and others taken prisoners and brought into + miserable captivity and slavery, many ships taken by Turkish and other + pirates, and many other inconveniences had from thence ensued, and more + were likely to ensue, if not timely prevented. (17 <i>Car. I.</i> c. + 21.)</p> + + <p>Lord Clarendon, in reviewing the various "important laws" of the Long + Parliament to which the king assented, makes the following observations + with reference to this particular act:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"'An Act for the free making Saltpetre and Gunpowder within the + Kingdom:' which was a part of the prerogative; and not only considerable, + as it restrained that precious and dangerous commodity from vulgar hands; + but, as in truth it brought a considerable revenue to the crown, and more + to those whom the crown gratified and obliged by that license. The + pretence for this exemption was, 'the unjustifiable proceeding of those + (or of inferior persons qualified by them) who had been trusted in that + employment,' by whom, it cannot be denied, many men suffered: but the + true reason was, that thereby they might be sure to have in readiness a + good stock in that commodity, against the time their occasions should + call upon them."—<i>History of Rebellion</i>, book iii.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>On the 3rd April, 1644, the Lords and Commons passed an ordinance for + the making of saltpetre, &c. This was grounded on the following + allegations:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"1. The great expence of gunpowder, occasioned by the then war within + his Majesty's dominions, had well near consumed the old store, and did + exhaust the magazines so fast, that without a larger supply, the navy + forts and the land armies could not be furnished.</p> + + <p>"2. Foreign saltpetre was not in equal goodness with that of our own + country, and the foreign gunpowder far worse conditioned and less + forcible than that which is made in England.</p> + + <p>"3. Divers foreign estates had of date prohibited the exportation of + salt-peter and gunpowder out of their own dominions and countries, so + that there could be but little hope or future expectation of any peter or + powder to be brought into this kingdom, as in former times, which would + enforce us to make use of our own materials."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>From these circumstances, it was held most necessary that the digging + of saltpetre and making of gunpowder should by all fit means be + encouraged, at that time when it so much concerned the public safety; + nevertheless, to prevent the reviving of those <i>oppressions and + exactions</i> exercised upon the people, under the colourable authority + of commissions granted to <i>salt-peter-men</i>; which burden had been + eased since the sitting of that Parliament. To the end there might not be + any pretence to interrupt the work, it was ordained that the committee of + safety, their factors, workmen, and servants, should have power and + authority, (within prescribed hours) to search and dig for saltpetre in + all pigeon-houses, stables, cellars, vaults, empty warehouses, and other + outhouses, yards, and places likely to afford that earth.</p> + + <p>The <i>salt-peter-men</i> were to level the ground and repair damage + done by them; or might be compelled to do so by the deputy-lieutenants, + justices of the peace, or committees of parliament.</p> + + <p>The <i>salt-peter-men</i> were also empowered to take carts, by the + known officers, for carriage of the liquor, vessels, and other utensils, + from place to place, at specified prices, and under limitations as to + weight and distance; and they were freed from taxes and tolls for + carriages used about their works, and empowered to take outhouses, + &c., for their workhouses, making satisfaction to the owners.</p> + + <p>This ordinance was to continue for two years, from 25th March, + 1644.</p> + + <p>An ordinance of a similar character was passed 9th February, 1652, to + be in force till 25th March, 1656 (<i>Scobell</i>, 231.).</p> + + <p>By an act of the Lord Protector and Parliament, made in 1656, it was + enacted that no person or persons should dig within the houses or lands + of any person or persons of the commonwealth for the finding of + saltpetre, nor take the carriages of any person or persons for the + carrying of their materials or vessels, without their leave first + obtained or had. (<i>Scobell</i>, 377.) This is the act referred to by + <span class="sc">Broctuna</span> ("N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 434.), and + by my friend <span class="sc">Mr. Isaiah Deck</span> ("N. & Q.," Vol. + vii., p. 460.), though I am not certain that <span class="sc">Mr. + Deck's</span> inference be correct, that this act was passed in + consequence of the new and uncertain process for obtaining the + constituents of nitre having failed; and it is quite clear that Lord Coke + could not have referred to this act. The enactment referred to is + introduced by way of proviso in an act allowing the exportation of goods + of English manufacture (<i>inter alia</i>, of gunpowder, when the price + did not exceed 5<i>l.</i> per cwt.).</p> + + <p>Allow me, in connexion, with this subject, to refer to Cullum's + <i>History of Hawsted</i>, 1st edition, pp. 150. and 151., also to the + statute 1 Jac. II. c. 8. s. 3., by which persons obtaining any letters + patent for the sole making or importing gunpowder are subjected to the + pains and penalties of præmunire.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper</span>. + + <p class="address">Cambridge. +<!-- Page 532 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page532"></a>{532}</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>FORMS OF JUDICIAL OATHS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 458.)</p> + + <p>Will you permit me to make a few observations in reply to the Queries + of <span class="sc">Mr. H. H. Breen</span> on this subject?</p> + + <p>There is hardly any custom more ancient than for a person imposing a + promise on another to call on him to bind himself by an oath to the due + performance of it. In this oath the person swearing calls on God, the + king, his father, or some person or thing to whom he attaches authority + or value, to inflict on him punishment or loss in case he breaks his + oath. The mode of swearing is, in one particular, almost everywhere and + in every age the same.</p> + + <p>When a father, a friend, a sword, or any corporeal object is sworn by, + <i>the swearer places his hand upon it</i>, and then swears. When a man, + however, swore by the Deity, on whom he cannot place his hand, he raised + his hand to heaven towards the God by whom he swore.</p> + + <p>When Abraham made Abimelech swear to obey him, he caused him to place + his hand under his thigh, and then imposed the oath; and when Jacob, by + his authority as a father, compelled his son Joseph to swear to perform + his promise, he ordered him to go through a similar ceremony. (Genesis, + ch. xxiv. v. 5., and ch. xlvii. v. 29.)</p> + + <p>In the prophet Daniel we read that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The man clothed in linen which was upon the waters, held up his right + hand and his left hand unto heaven, and sware by Him that liveth for ever + and ever," &c.—Daniel, ch. xii. v. 7.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In the Revelation we also find—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"And the angel, which I saw stand upon the sea and the earth, lifted + up his hand to heaven and sware by Him that liveth for ever and ever," + &c.—Revelation, ch. x. v. 5, 6.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Your correspondent inquires how oaths were taken prior to their being + taken on the Gospel.</p> + + <p>Among the nations who overthrew the Roman empire, the most common mode + of swearing was on the relics of the saints. In England, I think, the + most common mode was to swear on the corporalia or eucharistic elements, + whence we still have the common phrase "upon your corporal oath." In each + case the hand was placed on the thing sworn by.</p> + + <p>The laws of the Alamanni as to conjurators, direct that the sacrament + shall be so arranged that all the conjurators shall place their hands + upon the coffer (containing the relics), and that the principal party + shall place his hand on all theirs, and then they are to swear on the + relics. (<i>Ll. Alam.</i> cap. 657.)</p> + + <p>The custom of swearing on the Gospels is repeatedly mentioned in the + laws of the Lombards. (<i>Ll. Longo.</i> 1 tit. 21. c. 25.; <i>Ll. + Longo.</i> 2. tit. 55. c. 2., and c. 2. tit. 34. <i>et al.</i>)</p> + + <p>In the <i>Formularies of Marculphus</i>, two forms of oaths are given, + one says that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"In palatio nostro super capella domini Martini ubi reliqua sacramenta + percurrunt debeat conjurare."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In the other we read—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Posita manu supra sacrosanctium altare sancti ... sic juratus dixit. + Juro per hunc locum sanctum et Deum altissimum et virtutis sancti ... + quod," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In the laws of Cnût of England, two forms of oath are given. They both + begin with "By the Lord before whom this relic is holy." (<i>Ancient Laws + and Justice of England</i>, p. 179.)</p> + + <p>Your correspondent asks "what form of Judicial oath was first + sanctioned by Christians as a body?"</p> + + <p>In the history of the Council of Constantinople, it is stated + that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"George, the well beloved of God, a deacon and keeper of the records, + having touched the Holy Gospels of God, swore in this manner, 'By these + Holy Scriptures, and by the God who by them has spoken,'" &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>At the Council of Nice it is said that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Prayer having been offered up, every one saluted the Holy Gospels, + the venerated cross and image of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, and + of our Lady the mother of God, and placed his hands upon them in + confirmation of what he had said."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>From these I infer that the custom of swearing on the Gospels received + the sanction of the church at a very early period.</p> + + <p>In reply to the question as to other modes of swearing, it may be said + briefly, that men swore by anything to which they attached any + importance, and generally by that to which they attached most + importance.</p> + + <p>By the laws of the Alamanni, a wife could claim her <i>Morgen-gabe</i> + (or the gift of the morning after the wedding night) by swearing to its + amount on her breast; and by the Droits d'Augsbourg, by swearing to it on + her two breasts and two tresses.</p> + + <p>Nothing was more common than for a man to swear by his beard. This + custom is alluded to by one of Shakspeare's fools, who suggests that if a + certain knight swore by his honour, and his mistress by her beard, + neither of them <i>could</i> be forsworn.</p> + + <p>In the canons of the Fourth Council of Orleans, we read—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Le Roi lui-même, ou le plus renommé des chevaliers présents, ayant + découpé le paon, se leva, et mettant la main sur l'oiseau, fit un + vœu hardi; Ensuite il passa le plat, et chacun de ceux qui le + reçurent fit un vœu semblable."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In the year 1306, Edward I. of England swore an oath on two swans.</p> + + <p>It was also very common from an early period, both in England and + abroad, to swear by one, two, seven, or twelve churches. The deponent + went <!-- Page 533 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page533"></a>{533}</span> to the appointed number of churches, and + at each, taking the ring of the church door in his hand, repeated the + oath.</p> + + <p>One of the most curious specimens of the practice of swearing men by + that to which they attached most importance, is to be found in an Hindoo + law. It says, let a judge swear a Brahmin by his veracity; a soldier by + his horses, his elephants, or his arms; an agriculturist by his cows, his + grain, or his money; and a Soudra by all his crimes.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Thrupp</span>. + + <p class="address">Surbiton. + + <p>I know nothing about judicial oaths: but the origin of the form <span + class="sc">Mr. Breen</span> states to be used by the Roman Catholics of + the Continent, and the Scotch Presbyterians, may be seen in Dan. xii. 7.: + "When he held up his right hand and his left hand unto heaven, and sware + by him that liveth for ever." And in Revelation x. 5, 6.: "And the angel + ... lifted up his hand to heaven, and sware by him," &c. See also + Genesis xiv. 22.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Maria</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Washing Collodion Pictures—Test for Lens.</i>—As I was + indebted to the kindness of <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span>, amongst + other friends, for my original initiation into the mysteries of + photography, it may appear somewhat presumptuous in me to differ from one + who has had so much more experience in a point of practice. I allude to + that of <i>washing</i> the collodion negative after developing, + previously to fixing with the hyposulphite of soda; but, probably, the + reasons I urge may have some weight. As the hyposulphite solution is + intended to be used repeatedly, it appears to me not advisable to + introduce into it <i>any free acid</i> (which must occur if the negative + be not washed, although the quantity at each operation may be small), + because it causes a decomposition of the salt, setting free + <i>sulphurous</i> acid, and also sulphur; which last is slightly soluble + in the hyposulphite of soda, and thus the sulphur is brought in contact + with the reduced silver, and forms a sulphuret of that metal. But the + change does not stop here: for, by the lapse of time, oxygen is absorbed, + and thus a <i>sulphate of silver</i> is formed, and the colour changed + from black to white. That sulphur is set free by the addition of an acid + to the solution of hyposulphite of soda, is fact so easily demonstrable + both to the eyes and nose of the operator, that no one need remain long + in doubt who is desirous of trying the experiment.</p> + + <p>A correspondent desires to know how to test the coincidence or + otherwise of the visual and actinic foci of a combination: this is very + readily accomplished by the aid of a <i>focimeter</i>, which can be + easily made thus:</p> + + <p>Procure a piece of stout card-board, or thin wood covered with white + paper, on which draw a considerable number of fine black lines, or cover + it with some fine black net (what I believe the ladies call + <i>blond</i>), which may be pasted on. Cut up the whole into a dozen + good-sized pieces of any convenient form, so that about four square + inches of surface at least be allowed to each piece. Paste over the + <i>net</i> a circular or square label about the size of a shilling, + bearing a distinctly printed number one on each piece, from 1 upwards; + and arrange the pieces in any convenient manner by means of wires + inserted into a slip of wood; but they must be so placed that the + <i>whole</i> can be seen from one point of view, although each piece must + be placed so that it is <i>one inch</i> farther from the operator than + the next lowest number. Having placed the camera eight or ten feet from + the cards, carefully focus to any one of the numbers, 4 or 5 for instance + and observe, not that the <i>number</i> is distinct, but that the minute + lines or threads of the net are visible: then take a picture, exposing it + a very short time, and the threads of the card bearing the number that + was most perfectly in focus visually <i>ought</i> to be most distinct; + but, if otherwise, that which is most distinct will not only show whether + the lens is over or under corrected, but will indicate the <i>amount</i> + of error. If under corrected, a lower number will be most distinct; if + over corrected, a higher.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. Shadbolt</span>. + + <p><i>Test for Lenses.</i>—I beg to submit to a <span + class="sc">Country Practitioner</span> the following very simple test for + the coincidence of the chemical and visual foci of an achromatic + lens:</p> + + <p>Take a common hand-bill or other sheet of printed paper, and having + stretched it on a board, place it before the lens in an oblique position, + so that the plane of the board may make an angle with a vertical plane of + about thirty or forty degrees. Bring any line of type about the middle of + the sheet into the true visual focus, and take a copy of the sheet by + collodion or otherwise. Then, if the line of type focussed upon be + reproduced clearly and sharply on the plate, the lens is correct; but if + any other line be found sharper than the test one, the foci disagree; and + the amount of error will depend on the distance of the two lines of type + one from the other on the hand-bill.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. A. Miles</span>. + + <p class="address">Fakenham, Norfolk. + + <p><i>Improvement in Positives.</i>—I have great pleasure in + communicating to you an improvement in the process of taking positives, + which may not be uninteresting to some of your readers, and which ensures + by far the most beautiful tints I have yet seen. I take three ounces of + the hyposulphite of soda, and dissolve it in one pint of distilled or + rain water; and to this I add about one or one and a half grains of + pyrogallic acid, and seventy grains <!-- Page 534 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page534"></a>{534}</span> of chloride of silver; + which must be squeezed up between the finders facilitate its solution and + separate the lumps, which, in their dry state, are tough, and not easily + pulverised. The whole is then to be set aside for a week or two in a warm + place. The solution, at first colourless, becomes brown, and ultimately + quite opaque; in this state it is fit for use, and the longer kept the + better it becomes. I generally use French paper for this process, and, + according to the time of immersion, obtain fine sepia or black tints; the + latter requiring long over-exposure to the light, and proportionately + long exposure to the action of the liquid; which however will be found, + particularly when old, to have a more rapid action than most other + setting liquids, and has the merit of always affording fine tints, + whatever the paper used. I imagine the pyrogallic acid to possess a + reducing influence on the salts of silver employed; but this effect is + only produced by its combination with the hyposulphite of soda and + chloride of silver. I may add, that in any case the pictures should be + much overdone before immersion, as the liquid exerts a rapid bleaching + action on them; and when the liquid becomes saturated, a few crystals of + fresh hyposulphite will renew its action.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. Maxwell Lyte</span>. + + <p class="address">Florian, Torquay. + + <p>P. S.—In answer to a <span class="sc">Country + Practitioner</span>, he will find great assistance in choosing his lens + by laying it on a sheet of blue wove post paper, when he will immediately + perceive the slightest yellow tinge in the glass, this being the fault + which frequently affects many well-ground and well-made lenses. Of + course, for sharpness of outline he must be guided entirely by experiment + in the camera; but where weakness of action exists, it most frequently + arises from this yellow colouration, and which the manufacturers say is + very difficult to avoid.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[<span class="sc">Mr. Lyte</span> having sent with his communication a + positive prepared in the manner described, we are enabled to corroborate + all he says as to the richness and beauty of its tints.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Cheap Portable Tent.</i>—M. F. M. inquires for a cheap and + portable tent for working collodion out of doors. I have been using one + lately constructed on the principle of Francis's camera stand. It has a + good size table, made like the rolling patent shutters; and it is not + necessary to stoop, or sit down at your work, which is a great + consideration on a hot day: you may get them of any respectable dealer in + photographic apparatus; it is called Francis's Collodion Tent.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. D. Francis</span>. + + <p><i>Rev. Mr. Sisson's New Developing Fluid</i> (Vol. vii., p. + 462.).—The <span class="sc">Rev. Mr. Sisson</span>'s developing + fluid for collodion positives, the formula for which was published in the + last Number of "N. & Q.," is merely a weak solution of the + protonitrate and protosulphate of iron. It does not, as he seems to + think, contain any lead; for the whole of the latter is precipitated as + sulphate, which the acetic acid does not dissolve even to the smallest + extent: and <span class="sc">Mr. Sisson</span> will find that an + equivalent proportion of the nitrate of baryta will answer equally as + well as the nitrate of lead.</p> + + <p>I have myself for a long time been in the habit of using a weak + solution of the protonitrate of iron in conjunction with acetic acid for + positive pictures; for, although I do not consider it so good a developer + as that made according to the formula of <span class="sc">Dr. + Diamond</span>, it produces very good pictures; occupies very little time + in preparing, and will moreover keep good for a much longer time than a + more concentrated solution would.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Leachman</span>. + + <p class="address">20. Compton Terrace, Islington. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Vanes</i> (Vol. v., p. 490.).—Taking up by accident the other + day your fifth volume, I saw what I believe is a still unanswered Query + respecting the earliest notice of vanes as indicators of the wind; and + turning to my notes I found the following extract from Beckman's + <i>Inventions, &c.</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"In Ughelli Italia Sacra, Romæ 1652, fol. iv., p 735., we find the + following inscription on a weathercock then existing at Brixen; + '<i>Dominus Rampertus Episc. gallum hunc fieri præcepit an. + 820.</i>'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">L. A. M. + + <p><i>Loselerius Villerius</i> (Vol. vii., p. 454.).—I beg to + inform S. A. S. that his copy of the New Testament, which wants the + title-page, was printed by Henry Stephens the second, at Geneva, in the + year 1580. As to it being "valuable," I should not consider him + unfortunate if he could exchange it for a shilling.</p> + + <p>Loselerius Villerius was Pierre l'Oyseleur de Villiers, a professor of + Genevan divinity, who came over to London, and there published Beza's + Latin version of the New Testament, in 1574. He was not, however, as your + correspondent supposed him to be, the editor of the decapitated volume in + question; but Beza transferred his notes to an impression completed by + himself.</p> + + <p>S. A. S. has, in the next place, inquired for any satisfactory "list + of editions of the Bible." It appears that, so far as he is concerned, Le + Long, Boerner, Masch, and Cotton have lived and laboured in vain.</p> + + <p>The folio Bible lastly described by your correspondent is <i>not</i> + "so great a curiosity" as family tradition maintained. The annotations + "placed in due order" are merely the Genevan notes.—See <!-- Page + 535 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page535"></a>{535}</span> the + Archdeacon of Cashel's very accurate and excellent work, <i>Editions of + the Bible, and Parts thereof, in English</i>, p. 75.: Oxford, 1852.</p> + + <p class="author">R. G. + + <p><i>Westminster Parishes</i> (Vol. vii., p. 454.).—In 1630 the + City and Liberties of Westminster contained the churches of St. Margaret, + St. Martin-in-the-Fields, St. Clement Danes, and St. John Baptist + Savoy.</p> + + <p>The registers of burials, marriages, and christenings, of St. + Margaret's Church, began January 1, 1538.</p> + + <p>The Fire of London did not destroy any church in Westminster.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mackenzie Walcott</span>, M.A. + + <p><i>Hevristic</i> (Vol. vii., p. 237.).—The term + <i>hevristisch</i>, in the first edition of the translation of Kant's + <i>Critik</i>, is not given in the vocabulary appended to the + translation; but under the word <i>ostensiv</i> it is stated that in its + meaning it stands opposed to the word <i>euristic</i> (<i>hevristisch</i> + in German). But in the second edition, published in 1818, it is remarked, + under the words <i>evristic</i>, <i>euristic</i>, <i>hevristisch</i>, + that the term should, in Sir Wm. Hamilton's opinion, be <i>euretic</i> or + <i>heuretic</i>; the word <i>hevristisch</i> being an error of long + standing in German philosophy. The derivation of <i>euretic</i> would be + from <span title="heuretikos" class="grk" + >εὑρετικος</span>.</p> + + <p>In Tissot's translation, <i>hevristisch</i> is rendered by + <i>heuristique</i>; in Mantovani's, by <i>evristico</i>; in Born's, by + <i>heuristicus</i>. In Krug's <i>Lexicon</i>, <i>hevristik</i> is given + as derived from <span title="heuriskô, heurein" class="grk" + >εὑρισκω, + εὑρειν</span>. The <i>hevristic</i> + method, Krug remarks, is also called the <i>analytical</i>. It may be + added, that in the first edition of the <i>Critik</i> (Riga, 1781), the + word is <i>hevristisch</i>. In the fourth edition (Riga, 1794), published + also in Kant's lifetime, it is <i>hevristisch</i>. In Rosenkranz's + edition (Leipzig, 1838), the word is changed into <i>heuristisch</i>; and + also, in another edition of the same year, published also at Leipzig, it + is written <i>heuristisch</i>, and not <i>hevristisch</i>.</p> + + <p>In respect to the Leipzig edition of 1818, which is that now before + me, the term <i>hevristisch</i>, in speaking of <i>hevristich</i> + principles, is particularly alluded to. (See page 512. line 10.) I do not + find, after a hasty inspection, this word changed, in any of the editions + I possess, to <i>empirisch</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Francis Haywood</span>. + + <p class="address">Liverpool. + + <p><i>Creole</i> (Vol. vii., p. 381.).—The word appears to be a + French form of the Spanish <i>criollo</i>, which in the dictionary of + Nuñez de Taboada is defined, "El hijo de padres Europeos nacido en + America;" whilst in the old dictionary of Stevens (1726) it is + translated, "Son of a Spaniard and a West India woman." In Brande's + <i>Dictionary of Science</i>, &c. Creole is said to mean the + descendants of whites born in Mexico, South America, or the West Indies, + the blood remaining unmixed with that of other races, &c.</p> + + <p>Von Tschudi says, that in South America the Spaniards apply the term + <i>Creole</i> not only to the human race, but also to horses, bullocks, + and even to poultry.</p> + + <p class="author">A. C. M. + + <p class="address">Exeter. + + <p><i>General Monk and the University of Cambridge</i> (Vol. vii., pp. + 427. 486.).—<span class="sc">Leicestriensis</span> begs to thank + <span class="sc">Mr. C. H. Cooper</span> and <span class="sc">Mr. J. P. + Ord</span> for their replies to his Query on this subject. He avails + himself of this, the earliest opportunity, of assuring <span + class="sc">Mr. Ord</span> of his readiness to afford him what slight + information is in his power respecting the MS. in question (which only + came into his possession within the last two or three months), if he will + communicate with him as below.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Kelly</span>. + + <p class="address">Town Hall, Leicester. + + <p><i>Ecclesia Anglicana</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 12. 440.).—I am much + obliged to your correspondent W. <span class="sc">Fraser</span> for his + answer to my Query, and the references with which he supplies me. I shall + be glad to ask a still more extensive question, which will probably + explain the object of the former more limited one. Is it <i>usual</i>, in + any of the unreformed branches of the church on the continent, to find a + similar appellation (implying distinct nationality) employed in + authoritative documents, <i>e.g.</i> would it be possible to find in the + title-pages of any Missal, &c., such words as "in usum Ecclesiæ + Hispanicæ, Lusitanæ, Gallicanæ?" If not now, was it more customary in + mediæval times, and when did it cease?</p> + + <p>Should we be justified in saying, that at <i>every</i> period of her + existence, with rare exceptions, the <i>Anglican church</i>, consciously + or unconsciously, maintained the theory of her nationality with greater + distinctness than any of the continental churches? I fancy I have heard, + though I cannot state on what authority, that this assertion might be + made most truly of the Portuguese church, and should be very glad to have + any light thrown on the subject by your able correspondent. Certain it + is, that amongst the various complaints made against Cardinal Wiseman and + the Papal aggressors, it has never been laid to their charge, that they + arrogated to themselves the title of members of the <i>Anglican + church</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">G. R. M. + + <p><i>Gibbon's Library</i> (Vol. vii., p. 485.).—In 1838 I + purchased some of Gibbon's books at Lausanne, out of a basketful on sale + at a small shop, the depôt of the Religious Tract Society! Edward Gibbon, + printed on a small slip of paper, was pasted in them.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. Holt White</span>. + + <p><i>Golden Bees</i> (Vol. vii., p. 478.).—When the tomb of + Childeric, father of Clovis, was opened in 1653, there were found, + besides the skeletons of his horse and page, his arms, crystal orb, + &c., <!-- Page 536 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page536"></a>{536}</span> "more than three hundred little bees of + the purest gold, their wings being inlaid with a red stone like + cornelian."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ceridwen</span>. + + <p><i>Passage in Orosius</i> (Vol. vii., p. 399.).—May not the + "twam tyncenum," between which Cyrus the Great's officer attempted to + cross a river, be the inflated skins which the Arabs still use, as the + ancient inhabitants of Assyria did, for crossing the Tigris and + Euphrates, and of which the Nimroud sculptures give so many + illustrations?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ceridwen</span>. + + <p><i>Names first given to Parishes</i> (Vol. iv., p. 153.).—I wish + to repeat this Query in another form, and particularly in reference to + the termination <i>-by</i>. I suspect that wherever a cluster of + villages, like that given by F. B., occurs with this Danish suffix, it is + a proof that the district was originally a colony of Danes. The one in + which I reside (the hundreds of Flegg), from its situation is + particularly likely to have been so. Its original form was evidently that + of a large island in the estuary of the Yare, which formed numerous + inlets in its shores; and this was flanked on each aisle by a Roman + garrison, one the celebrated fortress of Garianonum, now Burgh Castle, + and the other Caistor-next-Yarmouth, in which a camp, burying-ground, + &c., besides its name, sufficiently attest its Roman origin. The two + hundreds of Flegg, (or Fleyg, as appears on its common seal) comprise + twenty villages, thirteen of which terminate in <i>-by</i>. These are + Ormesby, Hemesby, Filby, Mauteby, Stokesby, Herringby, Thrigby, + Billockby, Ashby or Askeby, Clippesby, Rollesby, Oby, and Scratby or + Scroteby.</p> + + <p>Professor <span class="sc">Worsaae</span>, I believe, considers + Ormesby to have been originally Gormsby, <i>i.e.</i> Gorm's or Guthrum's + village, but I have not his work at hand to refer to. Thrigby, or Trigby + as it is vernacularly pronounced, and Rollesby, may take their names from + Trigge or Tricga, and Rollo, names occurring in Scandinavian history. I + should feel obliged if Professors <span class="sc">Worsaae</span> and + <span class="sc">Stephens</span>, or other Scandinavian antiquaries and + scholars, would kindly inform me if my surmises are correct, and if the + rest of the names may be similarly derived. I should add that Stokesby + fully hears out the suggestion of C. (Vol. v., p. 161.), as there is even + now a ferry over the Bure at that point. The district is entirely + surrounded by rivers and extensive tracts of marshes, and intersected by + large inland lakes, locally termed "Broads," which undoubtedly were all + comprised in the estuary, and which would form safe anchorages for the + long galleys of the Northmen.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Taylor</span>. + + <p class="address">Ormesby, St. Margaret, Norfolk. + + <p><i>Grafts and the Parent Tree</i> (Vol. vii., p. 436.).—In order + to insure the success of grafts, it is material that they be inserted on + congenial stocks: delicate-growing fruits require dwarf-growing stocks; + and free luxuriant-growing trees require strong stocks. To graft scions + of delicate wooded trees on strong stocks, occasions an over-supply of + sap to the grafts; and though at first they seem to flourish, yet they do + not endure. A few examples of this sort may lead to an opinion, that + "grafts, after some fifteen years, wear themselves out;" but the opinion + is not (generally speaking) well founded. I have for many years grafted + the old <i>Golden Pippin</i> on the <i>Paradise</i> or <i>Doucin</i> + stock, and found it to answer very well, and produce excellent fruit. + Taunton has long been famous for its <i>Nonpareils</i>, which are there + produced in great excellence and abundance. The Cornish + <i>Gilliflower</i>, one of our very best apples, was well known in the + time of King Charles I.; and, as yet, shows no symptoms of decay: that + fruit requires a strong stock.</p> + + <p>The ancient <i>Ribston Pippin</i> was a seedling:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"It has been doubted by some, whether the tree at Ribston Hall was an + original from the seed: the fact of its not being a grafted tree has been + satisfactorily ascertained by Sir Henry Goodricke, the present + proprietor, by causing suckers from its root to be planted + out—which have set the matter at rest that it was not a grafted + tree. One of these suckers has produced fruit in the Horticultural Garden + at Chiswick."—Lindley's <i>Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen + Garden</i>, 1831, p. 81.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">J. G. + + <p class="address">Exon. + + <p><i>Lord Cliff and Howell's Letters</i> (Vol. vii., p. 455.).—The + Lord Cliff, as to whom your correspondent inquires, and to whom James + Howell addresses some of his letters, is intended for Henry Lord + Clifford, and afterwards, on the decease of his father, fifth and last + Earl of Cumberland. He died in December, 1643. Amongst the many + republications of modern times, I regret that we have no new edition, + with illustrative notes, of Howell's <i>Letters</i>. It is the more + necessary, as one at least of the later editions of this most + entertaining book is very much abridged and mutilated.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley</span>. + + <p>Y. S. M. asks "Who was Lord Cliff?" He might as well have added, "Who + was Lord Viscount Col, Sir Thomas Sa, or End. Por?" who also figure in + <i>Epistolæ Ho-Elianiæ</i>. Had he looked over that entertaining book + more attentively, Y. S. M. would have seen that all these were mere + contractions of Howell's correspondents, Lord Clifford, Lord Colchester, + Sir Thomas Savage, and Endymion Porter.</p> + + <p class="author">J. O. + + <p><i>The Bouillon Bible</i> (Vol. vii., p. 296.).—H. W., who was + good enough to answer my Query respecting Philip D'Auvergne, has probably + seen that the Bible of which he inquires has turned up. <!-- Page 537 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page537"></a>{537}</span> It seems to + have been pawned (if I rightly understand the report in the newspapers) + to a Mr. Broughton of the Foreign Office, who had advanced money to the + prince to enable him to prosecute his claim to the dukedom. It has now + been ordered by Vice-Chancellor Sir W. P. Wood to be offered for sale as + part of Mr. Broughton's estate, for the benefit of that gentleman's + creditors. It was stated in court, that on a former occasion, when the + late Archbishop of Canterbury wished to purchase it, 1500<i>l.</i> was + asked for it. I was much obliged to H. W. for the information he gave me, + as I took some little interest in Philip D'Auvergne from having heard + that he was a friend of my grandfather. They were, I find, both of them + officers in the Racehorse during Lord Mulgrave's discovery voyage to the + North Pole.</p> + + <p class="author">E. H. A. + + <p><i>Rhymes on Places</i> (Vol. vii., p. + 143.).—Northamptonshire:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Armston on the hill,</p> + <p class="i1">Polebrook in the hole,</p> + <p>Ashton turns the mill,</p> + <p class="i1">Oundle burns the coal."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Repeated to me by poor old drunken Jem White the sexton, many years + since, when on the "battlements" of Oundle Church; Oundle being the + market town for the three villages in the rhymes quoted.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Brick</span>. + + <p><i>Serpents' Tongues</i> (Vol. vi., p. 340.; Vol. vii., p. + 316.).—May I be allowed to inform <span class="sc">Mr. + Pinkerton</span> that the sharks' teeth (fossils), now so frequently + found imbedded in this tufa rock, and cheaply sold, are not known as "the + tongues of vipers," but, on the contrary, from time immemorial, as the + "tongues of St. Paul." In proof of this, I would refer <span + class="sc">Mr. Pinkerton</span> to the following extract, which I have + taken from an Italian letter now in the Maltese Library; which was + published on August 28, 1668, by Dr. Francis Buonamico, a native of this + island, and addressed to Agostino Scilla of Messina. Page 5., the writer + remarks:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Che avanti de partire da questa isolde dovesse farle una raccolta di + glossopietre, <i>O lingue come que le chiamiamo di S. Paolo</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. W. + + <p class="address">Malta. + + <p><i>Consecrated Roses, &c.</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 407. 480.).—An + instance of the <i>Golden Rose</i> being conferred on an English baron, + will be found related in Davidson's <i>History of Newenham Abbey in the + County of Devon</i>, p. 208.</p> + + <p class="author">J. D. S. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3> + + <p>That well-worn quotation, "who shall decide when doctors disagree," + must, we should think, invariably suggest itself to the reader of every + new book upon the subject of Shakspeare's text. A few months since <span + class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> gave to the world a volume of <i>Notes and + Emendations from Early Manuscript Corrections in a Copy of the Folio + 1632</i><a name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>, + which was hailed by many, ourselves among the number, as a most valuable + contribution to Shakspearian literature. From this favourable view of + these manuscript emendations, many whose opinions upon such matters + deserve the highest respect at once avowed their dissent; and we now find + that we have to add to this number <span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>, + who has given us the result of his examination of them in a volume + entitled <i>The Text of Shakspeare vindicated from the Interpolations and + Corruptions advocated by John Payne Collier, Esq., in his Notes and + Emendations</i>. No one can put forth higher claims to speak with + authority on any points connected with Shakspeare than <span + class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>, who has devoted a life to the study of his + writings; and none can rise from a perusal of his book without + recognising in it evidence of <span class="sc">Mr. Singer's</span> + fitness for editing the works of our great dramatist, and feeling anxious + for his revised edition of them. But we think many will regret that, + while pointing out the Notes and Emendations from which he dissents, + <span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span> should not have noticed those which he + regards with favour; and that, in his anxiety to vindicate the purity of + Shakspeare's text from the anonymous emendator, he should have embodied + that vindication in language, which, though we are quite sure it is + unintentional on his part, gives his book almost a personal character, + instead of one purely critical.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Books Received</span>.—<i>Records of the Roman + Inquisition, Case of a Minorite Friar who was sentenced by S. Charles + Borromeo to be walled up, and who, having escaped, was burned in effigy: + edited, with an English Translation, Notes, &c., by</i> Rev. Richard + Gibbings. Published from one of the MSS. conveyed from Rome to Paris by + order of Napoleon, at the close of the last century, as a challenge to + the defenders of the papacy to acknowledge its truth, or to controvert + it.—<i>The History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the + Peace of Versailles</i>, by Lord Mahon, Vol. III. The third volume of + this new and cheaper edition of Lord Mahon's valuable history comprehends + the period from 1740 to 1748.—<i>English Forests and Forest Trees; + Historical, Legendary, and Descriptive, with numerous Illustrations.</i> + This volume, one of the <i>Illustrated London Library</i>, is a pleasant + chatty compilation on a subject which will interest many of our readers + and correspondents by furnishing them with a series of notices of old + forests, remarkable trees, &c., which have never before been gathered + together.—<i>The Shakspeare Repository, edited by</i> J. H. + Fennell, No. II. The second part of this periodical, the only one + exclusively devoted to the Elizabethan writers, contains, among other + interesting articles, a long one on the medical practice of Shakspeare's + son-in-law, Dr. John Hall.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>Since this was written we have heard that <span class="sc">Mr. + Collier</span> has traced back the history of his Folio 1632 for upwards + of a century.—<span class="sc">Ed</span>.</p> + +</div> +<p><!-- Page 538 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page538"></a>{538}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">Scott, Remarks on the best Writings of the best + Authors</span> (or some such title)</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Sermons by the Rev. Robert Wake</span>, M.A. 1704, + 1712, &c.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">History of Ancient Wilts</span>, by <span + class="sc">Sir R. C. Hoare</span>. The last three Parts.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Rev. A. Dyce's Edition of Dr. Richard Bentley's + Works.</span> Vol. III. Published by Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, + Holborn. 1836.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Dissertation on Isaiah XVIII., in a Letter to Edward + King, Esq.</span>, by <span class="sc">Samuel Lord Bishop of + Rochester</span> (<span class="sc">Horsley</span>). The Quarto Edition, + printed for Robson. 1779.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Ben Johnson's Works.</span> 9 Vols. 8vo. Vols. II., + III., IV. Bds.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Sir Walter Scott's Novels.</span> 41 Vols. 8vo. The + last nine Vols. Boards.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Jacob's English Peerage.</span> Folio Edition, 1766. + Vols. II., III., and IV.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Gammer Gurton's Needle.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Alison's Europe.</span> (20 Vols.) Vols. XIII., + XX.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Abbotsford Edition of the Waverley Novels.</span> Odd + Vols.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Truth Teller.</span> A Periodical.</p> + + <p>*** <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to + send their names.</i></p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> + + <p><i>We are compelled to omit several interesting papers respecting + Shakspeare which are in type, among which we may mention a notice of some + drawings which are great interest.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">W. T. Watts</span> (St. Ives), <i>who inquires + respecting the literary history of</i> Baron Munchausen, <i>is referred + to our</i> 2nd Vol., p. 519., <i>and our</i> 3rd Vol., pp. 117. 305. + 453.</p> + + <p>G. P. (Offenburg) <i>Potatoes were most probably introduced into + England by Sir W. Raleigh. Gerarde mentions them in his</i> Herbal, + <i>published in 1597</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Antiquarian</span> <i>had better send a rubbing from + the oak cover in question. His copy cannot be deciphered.</i></p> + + <p>S. S. S.'s <i>Query on the passage in St. James in our next.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Brookthorpe</span> <i>will find, in the Notices to + Correspondents, in</i> No. 179. (2nd April), <i>a reply to his former + Query respecting the Epitaph:</i></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"If Heaven be pleased."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><span class="sc">Ursula.</span> <i>We shall be glad of the "succinct + refutation" proposed.</i></p> + + <p>J. W. <i>There is a folio edition of Godwin</i> De Præsulibus, + <i>Canterbury, 1743, in which the original work is continued by + Richardson.</i></p> + + <p>J. R. (Sunderland) <i>is referred to Brockett's</i> Glossary, <i>where + he will find the etymology of</i> stang, <i>from the Danish</i> stang, + <i>a pole or bar—or the Saxon</i> steng; <i>and a full description + of the ceremonies connected with</i> Riding the stang.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Florence</span> <i>is thanked for her hint.</i></p> + + <p>J. B. <i>will find full particulars of Sir T. Herbert's</i> Threnodia + Carolina <i>in our</i> 3rd Vol., p. 259. <i>Other references in our</i> + 2nd Vol., pp. 140. 220. 476.</p> + + <p><i>A few complete sets of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vi., <i>price Three Guineas, may now + be had; for which early application is desirable.</i></p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>PREPARING FOR THE PRESS, IN OCTAVO,</p> + + <p><b>A SUPPLEMENT</b></p> + + <p>TO</p> + + <p>MR. HALLIWELL'S OCTAVO LIFE OF SHAKSPEARE;</p> + + <p>Consisting of Observations on Modern Shakspearian Forgeries.</p> + + <p>JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>SPECTACLES</b>.—WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as + a Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a + Mathematician, and his practice as a Working Optician, aided by Since's + Optometer, in the selection of Spectacles suitable to every derangement + of vision, so as to preserve the sight to extreme old age.</p> + + <p>ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited + at the Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are + so constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the + surface of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely + removed: and a telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power + and light than could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the + various sizes on application to</p> + + <p>WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY, Price 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p><b>THE CIVIL SERVICE GAZETTE</b>, a Journal devoted to the interests + of all Government Officials in every department of the State, contains, + besides other official information, a list of the Recent Promotions and + <span class="sc">Present Vacancies</span> in the gift of the Government, + both in England, the East Indies, and the Colonies; a Summary of the News + of the Week: Original Literary Articles; Obituary of men of eminence or + desert in the public serve; Parliamentary, Legal, Foreign, Domestic and + Theatrical Notices; with Fashionable, Naval and Military + Intelligence.</p> + + <p>To be had of all Booksellers and Newsvenders; or at the Office, 5. + Catherine Street, Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">The Twenty-eighth Edition.</p> + + <p><b>NEUROTONICS</b>, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing + Remarks on the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, + and the means of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all + Chronic Diseases, by DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. + Price 4<i>d.</i>, or Post Free from the Author for Five Penny Stamps.</p> + + <p>"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the + careful perusal of our invalid readers."—<i>John Bull Newspaper, + June 5, 1852.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS</b>.—Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes, + best and cheapest, to be had in great variety at M<sup>c</sup>MILLAN'S + Wholesale Depôt, 132. Fleet Street. Price List gratis.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">WINSLOW HALL, BUCKS.</p> + + <p><b>DR. LOVELL'S SCHOLASTIC ESTABLISHMENT</b> (exclusively for the Sons + of Gentlemen) was founded at Mannheim in 1836, under the Patronage of + H.R.H. the GRANDE DUCHESSE STEPHANIE of Baden, and removed to Winslow in + 1848. The Course of Tuition includes the French and German Languages, and + all other Studies which are Preparatory to the Universities, the Military + Colleges and the Army Examination. The number of Pupils is limited to + Thirty. The Principal is always in the Schoolroom, and superintends the + Classes. There are also French, German, and English resident Masters. + Prospectus and References can be had on application to the Principal.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>WILLIAMS & NORGATE</b> will carry on Business at 15. BEDFORD + STREET, COVENT GARDEN, opposite the end of Henrietta Street during the + alterations and enlargement of their old Premises.</p> + + <p><i>June, 1853.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS AND MATERIALS</b>, for the Processes on + Glass, Paper, and Silver. An illustrated priced Catalogue 3<i>d.</i>, + Post Free.</p> + + <p>JOHN JOSEPH GRIFFIN, F.C.S., Chemical and Philosophical Instrument + Maker, 10. Finsbury Square. Manufactory, 119. and 120. Bunhill Row. + Removed from 53. Baker Street, Portman Square.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">OFFICERS' BEDSTEADS AND BEDDING.</p> + + <p><b>HEAL & SON</b> beg to call the Attention of Gentlemen requiring + Outfits to their large stock of Portable Bedsteads, Bedding, and + Furniture, including Drawers, Washstands, Chairs, Glasses, and every + requisite for Home and Foreign Service.</p> + + <p>HEAL & SON. Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham + Court Road.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH</b>, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. + Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 Guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each.</p> + + <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, + the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.</p> + + <p>65. CHEAPSIDE. <!-- Page 539 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page539"></a>{539}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, price 1<i>s.</i>, free by Post 1<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>,</p> + + <p><b>THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS</b> of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW + EDITION. Translated from the French.</p> + + <p>Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S + celebrated Lenses for Portraits and Views.</p> + + <p>General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and + other Talbotype Papers.</p> + + <p>Pure Photographic Chemicals.</p> + + <p>Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.</p> + + <p>GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER</b>.—Negative and Positive Papers of + Whatman's, Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make, Waxed-Paper for + Le Gray's Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of + Photography.</p> + + <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. + Paternoster Row, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHY</b>.—Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide + of Silver).—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the + first in England who published the application of this agent (see + <i>Athenæum</i>, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion (price 9<i>d.</i> per oz.) + retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired + for months; it may be exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound + mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and + all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all the + Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the + open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best + Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES</b>.—A Selection of the above beautiful + Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) + may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be + procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the + practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p> + + <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p> + + <p>BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical + Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHY</b>.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for + obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty + seconds, according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for the delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL</b>.—ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.</p> + + <p>The SCHOOL is NOW OPEN for instruction in all branches of Photography, + to Ladies and Gentlemen, on alternate days, from Eleven till Four + o'clock, under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has long + been connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist to + the Institution.</p> + + <p>A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL +LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.</h3> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">Established 1824.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum + of 131,125<i>l.</i> was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying + with the different ages from 24-1/2 to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid + during the five years, or from 5<i>l.</i> to 12<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> per + cent. on the Sum Assured.</p> + + <p>The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders + being now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the + benefits obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK + OF PARTNERSHIP.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected before the 30th of June next, will be entitled, at + the next Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later + Assurers.</p> + + <p>On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need + be paid for the first five years.</p> + + <p>INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.</p> + + <p>Claims paid <i>thirty</i> days after proof of death, and all Policies + are <i>Indisputable</i> except in cases of fraud.</p> + + <p>Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the + Society's Agents, or of</p> + + <p class="author">GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + + <p class="address"><i>99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London.</i> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE +AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + + <p>Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + + <p><i>Directors.</i></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Cabell, Esq.</p> + <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.</p> + <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p> + <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p> + <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p> + <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p> + <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p> + <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Trustees.</i></p> + + <p>W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, + Esq.</p> + + <p><i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p> + + <p><i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing + Cross.</p> + + <p>VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + on the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + + +<table class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Age</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>£</i></p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>s.</i></p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>d.</i></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>17</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>14</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>22</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>27</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>5</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>32</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>10</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>37</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>6</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>42</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>3</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>ROYAL ASYLUM OF ST. ANN'S SOCIETY</b>.—Waiting not for the + Child of those once in prosperity to become an Orphan, but by Voluntary + Contributions affording at once a Home, Clothing, Maintenance, and + Education.</p> + + <p>The Half-yearly Election will take place at the London Tavern of + Friday, August 12th, next.</p> + + <p>Forms of Nomination may be procured at the Office, where Subscriptions + will be thankfully received.</p> + + <p>Executors of Benefactors by Will become Life Governors according to + the amount of the Bequest.</p> + + <p>E. F. LEEKS, Secretary. 2. Charlotte Row, Mansion House.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY:</b> established by Act of + Parliament in 1834.—8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>HONORARY PRESIDENTS.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Earl of Courtown</p> + <p>Earl Leven and Melville</p> + <p>Earl of Norbury</p> + <p>Earl of Stair</p> + <p>Viscount Falkland</p> + <p>Lord Elphinstone</p> + <p>Lord Belhaven and Stenton</p> + <p>Wm. Campbell, Esq., of Tillichewan</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">LONDON BOARD.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Chairman.</i>—Charles Graham, Esq.</p> + <p><i>Deputy-Chairman.</i>—Charles Downes, Esq.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>H. Blair Avarne, Esq.</p> + <p>E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., <i>Resident</i>.</p> + <p>C. Berwick Curtis, Esq.</p> + <p>William Fairlie, Esq.</p> + <p>D. Q. Henriques, Esq.</p> + <p>J. G. Henriques, Esq.</p> + <p>F. C. Maitland, Esq.</p> + <p>William Railton, Esq.</p> + <p>F. H. Thomson, Esq.</p> + <p>Thomas Thorby, Esq.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>MEDICAL OFFICERS.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Physician.</i>—Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D.,</p> + <p>8. Bennett Street, St. James's.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Surgeon.</i>—F. H. Tomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is + as follows:—</p> + + +<table class="allb" summary="Bonus added to Policies" title="Bonus added to Policies"> + <tr> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center" rowspan="2"> + <p>Sum<br /> + Assured</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center" rowspan="2"> + <p>Time<br /> + Assured.</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center" colspan="2"> + <p>Sum added to<br /> + Policy</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center" rowspan="2"> + <p>Sum<br /> Payable<br /> at + Death.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> + <p>In 1841.</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> + <p>In 1848.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>£ </i></p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left"> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>£ s. d.</i></p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>£ s. d.</i></p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>£ s. d.</i></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>5000</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left"> + <p>14 years</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>683 6 8 </p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>787 10 0 </p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>6470 16 8 </p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>* 1000</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left"> + <p> 7 years</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> + <p>-</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>157 10 0 </p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1157 10 0 </p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>500</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:left"> + <p> 1 year</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> + <p>-</p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>11 5 0 </p> + </td> + <td class="allb" style="text-align:right"> + <p>511 5 0 </p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>* <span class="sc">Example.</span>—At the commencement of the + year 1841, a person aged thirty took out a Policy for 1000<i>l.</i>, the + annual payment for which is 24<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>; in 1847 he + had paid in premiums 168<i>l.</i> 11<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>; but the profits + being 2-1/4 per cent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22<i>l.</i> + 10<i>s.</i> per annum for each 1000<i>l.</i>) he had 157<i>l.</i> + 10<i>s.</i> added to the Policy, almost as much as the premiums paid.</p> + + <p>The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only + one-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for + Life. Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident + Director.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PURE NERVOUS</b> or MIND COMPLAINTS.—If the readers of Notes + and Queries, who suffer from depression of spirits, confusion, headache, + blushing, groundless fears, unfitness for business or society, blood to + the head, failure of memory, delusions, suicidal thoughts, fear of + insanity, &c., will call on, or correspond with, REV. DR. WILLIS + MOSELEY, who, out of above 22,000 applicants, knows not fifty uncured who + have followed his advice, he will instruct them how to get well, without + a fee, and will render the same service to the friends of the + insane.—At home from 11 to 3.</p> + + <p>18. BLOOMSBURY STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE. <!-- Page 540 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page540"></a>{540}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's standard library for June.</span></p> + + <p><b>HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF AUSTRIA</b>, from 1792 to the present time; + in continuation of COXE; with the Portrait of Francis Joseph, the + reigning Emperor. Post 8vo. cloth. Price 3s. 6d.</p> + + <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Scientific Library for June.</span></p> + + <p><b>HUMBOLDT'S</b> PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF HIS TRAVELS IN AMERICA. Vol. + III., which completes the Work. With General Index. Post 8vo. cloth. + Price 5s.</p> + + <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Antiquarian Library for June.</span></p> + + <p><b>ROGER DE HOVEDEN'S</b> ANNALS OF ENGLISH HISTORY, from <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 732 to 1201. Translated by H. T. RILEY. Vol. + II., which completes the work. Post 8vo. cloth. Price 5s.</p> + + <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Classical Library for June.</span></p> + + <p><b>TERENCE AND PHÆDRUS</b>, literally translated into English Prose, + by H. T. KILEY. To which is added, SMART'S METRICAL VERSION OF PHÆDRUS. + Frontispiece. Post 8vo. cloth. Price 5s.</p> + + <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. 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I. to + IV. Demy 8vo. (Uniform with Vols. V. and VI.) Nearly Ready.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">III.</p> + + <p>THE CASTLEREAGH DESPATCHES, during the CONGRESS OF VIENNA, BATTLE OF + WATERLOO, &c. Edited by THE MARQUIS OF LONDONDERRY. 4 vols., 8vo. + 56s.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">IV.</p> + + <p>MR. GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Continued from the Accession to the + Death of Philip of Macedon. Vol. XI. 8vo. 16s. (The 12th Volume will + complete the work.)</p> + +<p class="cenhead">V.</p> + + <p>SIR HUDSON LOWE'S LETTERS and JOURNALS, giving for the First Time the + HISTORY OF THE CAPTIVITY OF NAPOLEON AT ST. HELENA. By WILLIAM FORSYTH, + M.A. Portrait. 3 vols., 8vo. (Immediately.)</p> + +<p class="cenhead">VI.</p> + + <p>MR. LAYARD'S NARRATIVE OF HIS SECOND EXPEDITION TO ASSYRIA, AND + RESEARCHES AT NINEVEH AND BABYLON. Twelfth Thousand. With 300 Plates and + Woodcuts. 8vo. 21s.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">VII.</p> + + <p>MR. JOHN HOLLWAY'S FOUR WEEKS' TOUR IN NORWAY, during the Autumn of + 1852. Fcap. 8vo. 2s.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">VIII.</p> + + <p>CAPT. ERSKINE'S VISITS TO THE ISLANDS OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC, + including the Feejees, and others inhabited by the Polynesian Negro Race. + Maps and Plates. 8vo. 16s.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">IX.</p> + + <p>MR. FRANCIS GALTON'S NARRATIVE OF HIS EXPEDITION IN TROPICAL SOUTH + AFRICA. With Maps, Plates, and Woodcuts. Post 8vo.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">X.</p> + + <p>REV. DR. HOOK'S DISCOURSES BEARING ON THE CONTROVERSIES OF THE DAY. + 8vo. 9s.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">XI.</p> + + <p>MR. JOHN PALLISER'S SOLITARY HUNTING ADVENTURES IN THE PRAIRIES. With + Illustrations. Post 8vo.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">XII.</p> + + <p>MR. MANSFIELD PARKYN'S PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF HIS THREE YEARS' + RESIDENCE IN ABYSSINIA. Map and Illustrations. 2 vols. 8vo. Nearly + ready.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">XIII.</p> + + <p>LIEUTENANT HOOPER'S JOURNAL OF HIS TEN MONTHS AMONG THE TENTS OF THE + TUSKI, during an Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin. Map. 8vo.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">XIV.</p> + + <p>MR. CAMPBELL'S MODERN INDIA. A Sketch of the System of Civil + Government, with some Account of the Natives, and Native Institutions, + Second Edition, revised. Maps. 8vo. 16s.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">XV.</p> + + <p>MURRAY'S HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS ON THE CONTINENT. Cheaper Issue. + Maps. Post 8vo.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span> of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, May 28, + 1853.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 187, May 28, +1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20410-h.htm or 20410-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/4/1/20410/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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