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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 01:22:58 -0700 |
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diff --git a/20409.txt b/20409.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f2ba867 --- /dev/null +++ b/20409.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3484 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 186, May 21, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 186, May 21, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 21, 2007 [EBook #20409] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + +{493} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 186.] +Saturday, May 21, 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Lord Bacon's "Advancement of Learning" 493 + Erection of Forts at Michnee and Pylos, by C. Forbes 495 + Hoveden's Annals: Bohn's "Antiquarian Library," by + James Graves 495 + FOLK LORE:--Raven Superstition--African Folk Lore + --Funeral Custom 496 + Shakspeare Readings, No. VII. 496 + MINOR NOTES:--Portrait of Luther--Randle Wilbraham + --Unpublished Epigram by Sir W. Scott--Crassus' + Saying 498 + + QUERIES:-- + Bees and the Sphynx atropos, by Sydney Smirke 499 + "The Craftsman's Apology," by James Crossley 499 + Palissy and Cardinal Wiseman 499 + MINOR QUERIES:--Polidus--St. Paul's Epistles to + Seneca--Meaning of "folowed"--Roman Catholic + Registers--St. Alban's Day--Meigham, the London + Printer--Adamsoniana--Canker or Brier Rose-- + "Short red, god red"--Overseers of Wills--Lepel's + Regiment--Vincent Family--Passage in the First + Part of Faust--Lady Anne Gray--Continental Brasses + --Peter Beaver--Cremonas--Cranmer and Calvin 499 + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--"A Letter to a Convocation + Man"--Prester John--Homer's Iliad in a + Nut--Monogram of Parker Society--The Five Alls-- + Corvizer 502 + + REPLIES:-- + English Comedians in Germany 503 + A Gentleman executed for whipping a Slave to Death, + by Henry H. Breen 503 + Longevity 504 + Derivation of Canada, by Robert Wright 504 + Setantiorum Portus 505 + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Stereoscopic Queries + --Photographic Portraits of Criminals, &c.--Photography + applied to Catalogues of Books--Application + of Photography to the Microscope 505 + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Discovery At Nuneham + Regis--Eulenspiegel, or Howleglas--Parochial Libraries + --Painter--Pepys's "Morena"--Pylades and + Corinna--Judge Smith--Grindle--Simile of the Soul + and the Magnetic Needle--English Bishops deprived + by Queen Elizabeth--Borrowed Thoughts--Dr. South + _v._ Goldsmith, Talleyrand, &c.--Foucault's Experiment + --Passage in "Locksley Hall"--Lake of + Geneva--"Inter cuncta micans"--"Its"--Gloves + at Fairs--Astronomical Query--Tortoiseshell Tom + Cat--Sizain on the Pope, the Devil, and the Pretender + --Wandering Jew--Hallett and Dr. Saxby-- + "My mind to me a kingdom is"--Claret--Suicide at + Marseilles--Etymology of Slang--Scanderbeg's Sword + --Arago on the Weather--Rathe--Carr Pedigree-- + Banbury Cakes--Detached Belfry Towers, &c. 507 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c. 513 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 514 + Notices to Correspondents 514 + Advertisements 514 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +LORD BACON'S "ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING." + +Considering the large number of quotations from previous writers which +occur in Lord Bacon's works, and especially in his most popular and +generally read works--his _Essays_ and his _Advancement of Learning_--it is +remarkable how little his editors have done for the illustration of his +text in this respect. The French editors of Montaigne's _Essays_, who is +likewise a writer abounding in quotations, have bestowed much care on this +portion of their author's text. The defect in question has, however, been +to a great extent supplied in a recent edition of the _Advancement of +Learning_, published by Mr. Parker in West Strand; and it is to be hoped +that the beginning, so usefully made, may be followed up by similar +editions of other of Bacon's works. + +The edition in question, though it traces the great majority of Bacon's +quotations, has left some gleanings to its successors; and I propose now to +call attention to a few passages of the _Advancement of Learning_ which, +after the labours of the late editor, seem still to require further +elucidation. My references are to the pages of the new edition:-- + + P. 25. "Then grew the flowing and watery vein of Osorius the Portugal + bishop to be in price." + +The editor prints _Orosius_ for _Osorius_, and adds this note: + + "All the editions have _Osorius_, which, however, must be a mere + misprint. He was not a Portuguese, but a Spaniard, born at Tarragona, + nor indeed ever a bishop. He was sent by St. Augustine on a mission to + Jerusalem, and is supposed to have died in Africa in the earlier part + of the fifth century." + +The text of Bacon is quite right. The allusion is not to Paulus Orosius, a +Spaniard, who flourished at the beginning of the fifth century; but to +Jerome Osorio, who was born at Lisbon in 1506, afterwards became Bishop of +Silves, and died in 1580. His works were published at Rome in 1592, in 4 +vols. folio. His principal work, _De rebus Emanuelis Virtute et Auspicio +gestis_, which first appeared in 1571, was several times reprinted, and was +translated into French and English. {494} + + P. 31. "Time, which is the author of authors." + +In _Nov. Org._, i. 84., Time is called "Auctor auctorum, atque adeo omnis +auctoritatis." + + P. 34. "But of these conceits Aristotle speaketh seriously and wisely, + when he saith, 'Qui respiciunt ad pauca de facili pronunciant." + +The editor does not attempt to trace this passage. Query, If it is not in +Aristotle, where is it to be found? + + P. 60. "Ulysses, 'Qui vetulam praetulit immortalitati' is a figure of + those which prefer custom and habit before all excellency." + +The editor refers to _Cic. de Orat._, i. 44., where it is said that such is +the love of country, + + "Ut Ithacam illam, in asperrimis saxulis, tanquam nidulum, affixam, + sapientissimus vir immortalitati anteponeret." + +Another application of the saying is made by Bacon in his Essay VIII., "On +Marriage and Single Life:" + + "Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly + loving husbands, as was said of Ulysses, 'vetulam suam praetulit + immortalitati.'" + +The passage in Cicero does not agree with the dictum quoted by Bacon, which +seems to be a reference to the _Odyssey_, v. 136. 208-10. + + P. 62. "Claudus in via antevertit cursorem extra viam." + +The same proverb is quoted in _Nov. Org._, i. 61. + + P. 85. "Omnia mutantur, nil interit"-- + +from Ovid, _Met._, xv. 165. + +Several passages are cited by Bacon from Seneca, which the editor does not +trace. Thus, in p. 146., it is said,-- + + "Nocet illis eloquentia, quibus non rerum cupiditatem facit, sed sui." + +Page 147.,-- + + "Vere magnum habere fragilitatem hominis, securitatem Dei." + +The same passage is also quoted by Bacon in Essay V., "On Adversity," and +in the treatise _De Sap. Vet._, vol. x. p. 343., edit. Montagu. + +Again, p. 159.: + + "De partibus vitae quisque deliberat, de summa nemo." + +Page 152.,-- + + "Cogita quamdiu eadem feceris," &c., + +repeated in part in the "Essay on Death." + +This last passage is taken, with considerable verbal variations, from +Epist. 77. Sec. 6. + + "Therefore Aristotle, when he thinks to tax Democritus, doth in truth + commend him, where he saith, _If we shall indeed dispute, and not + follow after similitudes_," &c. + +The passage referred to is in _Eth. Nic._, vi. 3.; but it contains no +allusion to Democritus, who is not even named in the _Ethics_; and the word +which Bacon renders _dispute_ ([Greek: akribologeisthai]) means _to speak +with precision_. + + P. 163. "For as the ancient politiques in popular states were wont to + compare the people to the sea, and the orators to the winds." + +The allusion is to a couplet of Solon: + + "[Greek: ex anemon de thalassa tarassetai? en de tis auten] + [Greek: me kinei, panton esti dikaiotate.]" + _Fragm._ i. 8., ed. Gaisford. + +And to a passage of Livy (xxviii. 27.): + + "Multitudo omnis, sicut natura maris, per se immobilis est, venti et + aurae cient." + +Compare Babrius, fab. 71. + + P. 165. "Did not one of the Fathers, in great indignation, call poesy + _vinum daemonum_?" + +The same citation recurs in Essay I., "On Truth:" + + "One of the Fathers, in great severity, called poesy _vinum daemonum_." + +Query, Who is the Father alluded to? + +Page 177., the sayings, "Faber quisque fortunae propriae" is cited; and +again, p. 178., "Faber quisque fortunae suae." In Essay XL., "On Fortune," it +is quoted, with the addition, "saith the poet." The words are to be found +in Sallust, _Ad Caesar. de Rep. Ord._, ii. 1.: + + "Sed res docuit, id verum esse, quad in carminibus Appius ait, fabrum + suae esse quemque fortunae." + +The Appius alluded to is Appius Claudius the Censor. + +Bacon proceeds to say: + + "This conceit or position [viz. 'Faber quisque,' &c.], if it be too + much declared and professed, hath been thought a thing impolitic and + unlucky, as was observed in Timotheus the Athenian, who, having done + many great services to the estate in his government, and giving an + account thereof to the people, as the manner was, did conclude every + particular with this clause, 'And in this Fortune had no part.' And it + came so to pass, that he never prospered in anything he took in hand + afterwards." + +The anecdote is as follows:--Timotheus had been ridiculed by the comic +poets, on account of the small share which his own management had had in +his successes. A satirical painting had likewise been made, in which he was +represented sleeping, while Fortune stood over him, and drew the cities +into his net. (See Plutarch, _Reg. et Imp. Apophth._, vol. ii. p. 42., ed. +Tauchnitz; AElian, V. H. xiii. 42.) On one occasion, however, having +returned from a successful expedition, he remarked to the Athenians, in +allusion to the previous sarcasms, that in this campaign at least Fortune +had no share. Plutarch, who relates the latter {495} anecdote in his _Life +of Sylla_, c. 6., proceeds to say, that this boast gave so much offence to +the deity, that he never afterwards prospered in any of his enterprises. +His reverse of luck, in consequence of his vainglorious language against +Fortune, is also alluded to by Dio Chrysost. _Orat._, lxiv. Sec. 19., edit. +Emper. It will be observed that Plutarch refers the saying of Timotheus to +a single expedition; whereas Bacon multiplies it, by extending it over a +series of acts. + + P. 172. "Cicero reporteth that it was then in use for senators that had + name and opinion for general wise men, as Coruncanius, Curius, Laelius, + and many others, to walk at certain hours in the Place," &c. + +The passage alluded to is _De Orat._, iii. 83. The persons there named are +Sex. AElius, Manius Manilius, P. Crassus, Tib. Coruncanius, and Scipio. + + P. 179. "We will begin, therefore, with this precept, according to the + ancient opinion, that the sinews of wisdom are slowness of belief, and + distrust." + +The precept adverted to is the verse of Epicharmus: + + "[Greek: naphe kai memnas' apistein? arthra tauta ton phrenon.]" + + P. 180. "Fraus sibi in parvis fidem praestruit, ut majore emolumento + fallat." + +Query, Where does this passage occur, as well as the expression "alimenta +socordiae," which Demosthenes, according to Bacon, applies to small favours. + +L. + + * * * * * + + +ERECTION OF FORTRESS AT MICHNEE AND PYLOS. + +Mr. Dartnell, Surgeon of H. M. 53rd regiment, gives the following account +of the building of a fort which has lately been erected at Michnee to check +the incursions of the Momunds into the Peshawur Valley: + + "There was little to be done, except to build a fort, and here the + officers had to superintend and direct the working parties which were + daily sent out.... Laborers from far and near, Cashmerees, Caboolees, + men from the Hindoo Koosh, Afreedees, Khyberees, &c., all working + together with hearty goodwill, and a sort of good-humoured rivalry.... + It is only when working by contract, however, that the Cashmeree + displays his full physical powers, and it is then perfectly refreshing, + in such a physically relaxing and take-the-world-as-it-goes sort of a + country as this, to observe him.... And then to see him carry a burden! + On his head? No. On his back? Yes, but after a fashion of his own, + perfectly natural and entirely independent of basket, or receptacle of + any kind in which to place it. I have now in my garden some half-dozen + of these labourers at work, removing immense masses of clay, which are + nearly as hard as flint, and how do they manage? My friend Jumah Khan + reverts his arms, and clasping his hands together behind his back, + receives the pyramidal load, which generally overtops his head, and + thus he conveys it to its destination," &c.--Colburn's _United Service + Magazine_, December, 1852, pp. 514, 515. + +Thucydides tells us that as soon as the crews of the Athenian ships, +weatherbound at Pylos in the spring of the year B.C. 425, had made up their +minds to kill time by fortifying their harbour of refuge,-- + + "They took the work in hand, and plied it briskly.... The mud that was + anywhere requisite, for want of vessels, they carried on their + shoulders, bending forwards as much as possible, that it might have + room to stick on, and holding it up with both hands clasped fast behind + that it might not slide down."--Book iv. chap. 4. (Smith's + Translation.) + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + + +HOVEDEN'S ANNALS--BOHN'S "ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY." + +Considering the cheap issue of all standard works of reference a great boon +to the general student, I was predisposed to welcome heartily Mr. Bohn's +_Antiquarian Library_. If, however, _cheapness_ be accompanied by +_incorrectness_, the promised boon I conceive to be worthless; even one or +two glaring errors rendering the student distrustful of the entire series. +I was led to form the first of these conclusions on receiving vol. i. of a +translation of the _Annals of Roger de Hoveden_, by Henry T. Riley, Esq., +barrister-at-law; who introduces the work by a flourish of trumpets in the +Preface, on the multifarious errors of the London and Frankfort editions, +and the labour taken to correct _his own_; to the second by observing, +whilst cutting the leaves, the following glaring errors, put forward too as +_corrections_:--Vol. i. p. 350., Henry II. is stated by the _Annalist_ to +have landed in Ireland, A.D. 1172, "at a place which is called _Croch_, +distant _eight miles_ from the city of Waterford." Here Mr. Riley, with +perfect gravity, suggests _Cork_[1] as the true reading!! Can it be, that a +barrister-at-law, with an ominously Irish-sounding name, is ignorant that +the city of Cork is somewhat more distant than _eight miles_ from the _urbs +intacta_, as Waterford loves to call herself? The fact is, however, that +Hoveden and his former editors were nearly correct: on {496} old maps of +the harbour of Waterford, Crook Castle is laid down inside Creden Head, on +the Waterford side of the harbour; and Crook is still the name of a place +at the point indicated, somewhat more however than eight miles from +Waterford. + +Again, at p. 351. occurs Hoveden's well-known and valuable enumeration of +the Irish episcopal sees at the same period, of which Mr. Riley observes: +"Nearly all these are mis-spelt ... they are in a state of almost hopeless +confusion." And then, to make confusion worse confounded, his note on the +Bishop of Ossory (p. 352.) says "In the text, 'Erupolensis' is perhaps a +mistake for 'Ossoriensis.'" Now, _Erupolensis_ happens to be a correct +_alias_ of Ossoriensis: the former characterising the diocese from +Kilkenny, the cathedral city, which being seated on the Nore, or +Neor--Hibernice _Eoir_, Latine _Erus_, was sometimes called Erupolis--the +latter from the territory with which the see was and is co-extensive, the +ancient kingdom of Ossory. + +How many more errors there may be in the first volume of the work, I cannot +say: but, at all events, what the reader has to complain of is, _not_ that +the translator was unable to tell all about "Croch" and "Erupolis," but +that, not knowing, he has made matters worse by his hardy elucidations. +Truly, at this rate, it were better that no cheap edition of Hoveden were +vouchsafed to the public. + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny. + +[Footnote 1: This geographical _morceau_ was nearly equalled by a scribe in +the _Illustrated London News_, who stated that her Gracious Majesty's +steam-yacht, with its royal freight and attendant squadron, when coasting +round from Cork to Dublin in the year 1849, had entered Tramore Bay, and +thence steamed up to Passage in the Waterford Harbour! A truly _royal road_ +to safety; and one that, did it exist, would have saved many a gallant crew +and ship, which have met their fate within the landlocked, but ironbound +and shelterless, jaws of Tramore Bay.] + + * * * * * + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Raven Superstition._--On a recent occasion, at an ordinary meeting of the +guardians of the poor, an application was made by the relieving officer on +behalf of a single woman residing in the church village at Altarnun. The +cause of seeking relief was stated to be "grief," and on asking for an +explanation, the officer stated that the applicant's inability to work was +owing to depressed spirits, produced by the flight of a croaking raven over +her dwelling on the morning of his visit to the village. The pauper was by +this circumstance, in connexion with its well-known ominous character, +actually frightened into a state of wretched nervous depression, which +induced physical want. + +S. R. P. + +_African Folk Lore._--The following curious piece of folk lore is quoted +from an extract in _The Critic_ (of April 1, 1853, p. 172.), in the course +of a review of Richardson's _Narrative of a Mission to Central Africa, +&c._: + + "To avert the evil eye from the gardens, the people (of Mourzak) put up + the head of an ass, or some portion of the bones of that animal. The + same superstition prevails in all the oases that stud the north of + Africa, from Egypt to the Atlantic, but the people are unwilling to + explain what especial virtue there exists in an ass's skull." + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. + +_Funeral Custom._--In some parts (I believe) of Yorkshire, and perhaps +elsewhere, it is customary to send, immediately after a death, a paper bag +of biscuits, and a card with the name, &c. of the deceased, to his friends, +be they many or few. Can any of your readers explain the matter? I have +more than once seen the card, but not the biscuits. + +ABHBA. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKSPEARE READINGS, NO. VII. + +"What are 'Aristotle's checks?'" + +This is the question that MR. COLLIER proposed in support of the alteration +of _checks_ into _ethics_, at p. 144. of his _Notes and Emendations_. He +terms _checks_ "an absurd blunder," and in the preface he again introduces +it, passing upon it the same unqualified sentence of excommunication, as +upon "bosom multiplied," viz. "it can never be repeated." In this opinion +he is backed by most of the public scribes of the day, especially by the +critic of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for April, who declares "we should be +very sorry to have to discover what the editors have understood by the +_checks_ of Aristotle." Furthermore, this critic thinks that "it is +extremely singular that the mistake should have remained so long +uncorrected;" and he intimates that they who have found any meaning in +_checks_, have done so only because, through ignorance, they could find no +meaning in _ethics_. + +Hence it becomes necessary for those who do find a meaning in _checks_, to +defend that meaning; and hence I undertake to answer MR. COLLIER'S +question. + +Aristotle's _checks_ are those _moral adjustments_ that form the +distinguishing feature of his philosophy. + +They are _the eyes of reason_, whereby he would teach man to avoid +divergence from the straight path of happiness. + +They are his moderators, his mediocrities, his metriopathics. + +They are his philosophical steering-marks, his moral guiding-lines, whereby +the passions are to be kept in the _via media_; as much removed from total +abnegation on the one hand, as from immoderate indulgence on the other. + +Virtue, according to Aristotle, consists in checked or _adjusted_ +propensities. Our passions are not in themselves evil, except when +unchecked by reason. And inasmuch as we may overeat, or underfeed ourselves +(the check being temperance), so may we suffer our other propensities to +deviate from the _juste milieu_, either in the direction of indulgence or +of privation. {497} + +The art of adjusting the passions requires an apprenticeship to virtue. The +end to be attained is the establishment of good habits. These good habits, +like any other skill, can only be attained by practice. Therefore the +practice of virtue is the education of the passions. + +_Ethics_ is the doctrine of _habits_; but habits may be good or bad. When +good, they constitute virtue; when bad, licentiousness. + +The doctrine of _checks_ is that branch of _ethics_ which teaches moral +adjustment and restraint. + +Therefore _checks_ and _licentiousness_ are in better antithesis to each +other, than _ethics_ can be to either, because ethics includes both. + +The Aristotelian idea of _adjustment_, rather than _denial_, of the +passions, is well illustrated in the following passage from Plutarch's +_Morall Vertue_, by Philemon Holland, a contemporary of Shakspeare: + + "For neither do they shed and spill the wine upon the floure who are + afraide to be drunke, but delay the same with water: nor those who + feare the violence of a passion, do take it quite away, but rather + temper and qualifie the same: like as folke use to breake horses and + oxen from their flinging out with their heeles, their stiffenes and + curstnes of the head, and stubburnes in receiving the bridle or the + yoke, but do not restraine them of other motions of going about their + worke and doing their deede. And even so, verily, reason maketh good + use of these passions, when they be well tamed, and, as it were, + brought to hand: without overweakening or rooting out cleane that parte + of the soule which is made for to second reason and do it good + service.... Whereas let passions be rid cleane away (if that were + possible to be done), our reason will be found in many things more dull + and idle: like as the pilot and master of a ship hath little to do if + the winde be laid and no gale at all stirring ... as if to _the + discourse of reason_ the gods had adjoined passion as a pricke to + incite, and a chariot to set it forward." + +Again, in describing the "Meanes," he says-- + + "Now to begin with Fortitude, they say it is the meane between + Cowardise and rash Audacitie; of which twaine the one is a defect, the + other an excesse of the yrefull passion: Liberalitie, betweene + Nigardise and Prodigalitie: Clemencie and Mildnesse, betweene + senselesse Indolence and Crueltie: Justice, the meane of giving more or + lesse than due: Temperance, a mediocritie betweene the blockish + stupiditie of the minde, moved with _no touch of pleasure_, and all + unbrideled loosenes, whereby it is abandoned to all sensualitie."-- + _The Philosophie of Plutarch_, fol. 1603. + +It really does appear to me that there could not be a happier or more +appropriate designation, for a philosophy made up in this way of "meanes" +and adjustments, so as to steer between the _plus_ and _minus_, than a +system of _checks_--not fixed, or rigid rules, as they are sometimes +interpreted to be, but nice allowances of excess or defect, to be +discovered, weighed, and determined by individual reason, in the audit of +each man's conscience, according to the strength or weakness of the +passions he may have to regulate. + +I therefore oppose the substitution of _ethics_-- + +1. Because we have the _prima facie_ evidence of the text itself, that +_checks_ was Shakspeare's word. + +2. Because we have internal evidence, in the significance and excellence of +the phrase, that it was Shakspeare's word. + +_Ethics_ was the patent title by which Aristotle's moral philosophy was +universally known; therefore any ignoramus, who never dipped beyond the +title, might, _and would_, have used it. But no person, except one well +read in the philosophy itself, would think of giving it such a designation +as _checks_; which word, nevertheless, is most happily characteristic of +it. + +3. Because, as before stated, Aristotle's _checks_, being the restrictive +and regulating portion of Aristotle's _Ethics_, is necessarily a more +diametrical antithesis to Ovid (and his _laxities_). + +4. Because I look upon the use of this phrase as one of those nice and +scarcely perceptible touches by which Shakspeare was content rather to hint +at, than to disclose his knowledge,--one of those effects whereby he makes +a single word supply the place of a treatise. + +With these opinions, I cannot but look upon this threatened change of +_checks_ into _ethics_, as wholly unwarrantable, and I now protest against +it as earnestly as, upon a former occasion, I did against the alteration of +_sickles_ into _shekels_, or, still worse, into _cycles_ or into _circles_. +It is with great satisfaction I compare four different views taken of this +word by MR. COLLIER, viz.--in the note to the text of his octavo edition of +Shakspeare;--in an additional note in vol. i., page cclxxxiv. of that +edition;--in the first announcement of his annotated folio in the +_Athenaeum_ newspaper, Jan. 31st, 1852,--and finally (after my remarks upon +the word in "N. & Q."), his virtual reinstatement of the original _sickle_ +(till then supposed a palpable and undeniable misprint) at page 46. of +_Notes and Emendations_, together with the production, _suo motu_, of an +independent reference in support of my position. + +To return to this present substitution of _ethics_ for _checks_, a very +singular circumstance connected with it is the ignoring, by both MR. +COLLIER and by the critic in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, of Sir William +Blackstone's original claim to the suggestion, by prior publication of +upwards of half a century. At that time, notwithstanding the great learning +and acuteness of the proposer, the alteration was rejected! And shall we +now be less wise than our fathers? Shall we--misled by the prestige of a +few drops of rusty ink fashioned into letters of formal cut--place implicit +credence in emendations whose only claim to faith, like that of the Mormon +scriptures, is that nobody knows whence they came? {498} + +In the passage I have quoted from Philemon Holland, there may be observed +two peculiarities which are generally supposed to be exclusively +Shakspearian: one is the beautiful application of the word "touch"--the +other the phrase "discourse of reason." Where this last expression occurs +in _Hamlet_, it narrowly escaped _emendation_ at the hands of Gifford! (See +Mr. Knight's note, in his illustrated edition of _Shakspeare_.) It is the +true Aristotelian [Greek: dianoia]. + +There is also a third peculiarity of expression in the same quotation, in +the use of the word _delay_ in the sense of _diluere_, to dilute, temper, +allay. There are at least two passages in Shakspeare's plays where the word +is used in this sense, but which appear to have been overlooked by his +glossarists. The first is in _All's Well that Ends Well_, Act IV. Sc. 3., +where the French locals are moralising upon Bertram's profligate pursuit of +Diana: + + "Now God _delay_ our rebellion--as we are ourselves, what are we?" + +The second is in _Cymbeline_, Act V. Sc. 4., where Jupiter tempers his love +with crosses, in order to make his gifts-- + + "The more _delayed_, delighted." + +A. E. B. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Portrait of Luther._--A portrait of Luther, perhaps original, certainly +nearly cotemporary with the Reformer, possessing many excellent qualities, +was some time since shown me. It is in the possession of Mr. Horne, of +Morton in Marsh, Gloucestershire: it was received by him from an elderly +gentleman still living in London, who purchased it many years since at a +sale of pictures. The picture is very dark, on canvass, with a black frame +having a narrow gilt moulding. As the existence of this portrait is perhaps +not known, mention of the fact might interest some of your readers. The +picture, including frame, is perhaps in size thirty inches by twenty-four; +and the age of the sitter, whose features are delineated with remarkable +effects is probably under fifty years. + +B. H. C. + +_Randle Wilbraham._--Randle Wilbraham, Esq., the grandfather of Lord +Skelmersdale, who died upon the 3rd of April last, was a lawyer of great +eminence, and held the office of treasurer of Lincoln's Inn. The university +of Oxford conferred, by diploma, the degree of D.C.L. upon him in these +notable terms: + + "Placuit nobis in Convocatione die 14 mensis Aprilis 1761, solenniter + convocatis spectatissimum Ranulphum Wilbraham, Arm. Coll. AEnaei Nasi + quondam commensalem, in agendis causis pro diversis Tribunalibus per + multos retro annos hodieque versatissimum, Subsenescallum nostrum et + Consiliarium fidissimum, Gradu Doctoris in Jure Civili insignire. Cujus + quidem haec praecipua ac prope singularis et est, et semper fuit, quod + propriis ingenii et industriae suae viribus innixus Aulici favoris nec + appetens, nec particeps, sine ullo magnatum patrocinio, sine turpi + Adulantium aucupio, ad summam tamen in Foro, in Academia, in Senatu, + tum gloriam, tum etiam authoritatem facilem sibi et stabilem munivit + viam, Fortunae suae si quis alius Deo Favente vere Faber", &c. + +The above is copied from the original diploma, which Mr. Randle Wilbraham +gave to his nephew, the late Dr. William Falconer of Bath. On the death of +Mr. R. Wilbraham, Chief Justice Wilmot wrote "I have lost my old friend Mr. +Wilbraham: he died in the seventy-seventh year of his age, and has not left +a better lawyer, or an honester man behind him." + +ANON. + +_Unpublished Epigram by Sir W. Scott._-- + + "Earth walks on Earth, + Glittering in gold: + Earth goes to Earth, + Sooner than it wold: + Earth builds on Earth, + Palaces and towers: + Earth says to Earth: + Soon, all shall be ours." + +The above, by Sir W. Scott, I _believe_, has never appeared in print to my +knowledge. It was recited to me by a friend of Sir W. Scott. + +R. VINCENT. + +_Crassus' Saying._--I find in the Diary of the poet Moore (in Lord John +Russell's edition), vol. ii. p. 148., a conversation recorded with Dr. +Parr, in which the Doctor quotes "the witticism that made Crassus laugh +(the only time in his life): 'Similes habent labra lactucas.'" + +It appears (see the quotations in Facciolati) that this sage and +laughter-moving remark of Crassus was made on seeing an ass eating a +thistle; whereon he exclaimed, "Similes habent labra lactucas." + +In Bailey's edition of Facciolati it is said, "Proverbium habet locum ubi +similia similibus contingunt,... quo sensu Angli dicimus, 'Like lips like +lettuce: like priest like people.'" + +Out of this explanation it is difficult to elicit any sense, much less any +"witticism." + +I suggest that Crassus' saying meant, "His (the ass's) lips hold thistles +and lettuces to be both alike;" wanting the discrimination to distinguish +between them. Or, if I may put it into a doggerel rhyme: + + "About a donkeys taste why need we fret us? + To lips like his a thistle is a lettuce." + +WM. EWART. + +University Club. + + * * * * * {499} + + +Queries. + +BEES AND THE SPHYNX ATROPOS. + +Huber, in his _Observations on the Natural History of Bees_, avers that the +moth called the _Sphynx atropos_ invades and plunders with impunity a hive +containing thousands of bees, notwithstanding the watchfulness, pugnacity, +and formidable weapons of those insects. To account for this phenomenon, he +states that the queen bee has the faculty of emitting a certain sound which +instantly strikes the bees motionless; and he conjectures that this +burglarious moth, being endowed with the same property, uses it to produce +a similar effect, first on the sentinels at the entrance of the hive, and +then on the bees within. + +In another part of his book (2nd edit. 1808, p. 202.) he relates what he +himself witnessed on introducing a strange queen into a hive. The bees, +greatly irritated, pulled her, bit her, and chased her away; but on her +emitting the sound and assuming an extraordinary attitude, "the bees all +hung down their heads and remained motionless." On the following day he +repeated the experiment, and the intrusive queen was similarly maltreated; +but when she emitted her sound, and assumed the attitude, from that moment +the bees again became motionless. + +Have more modern observers verified this curious fact? Is it not a case of +mesmerism? + +SYDNEY SMIRKE. + + * * * * * + + +"THE CRAFTSMAN'S APOLOGY." + +When Bolingbroke published his _Final Answer to the Remarks on the +Craftsman's Vindication, and to all the Libels which have come, or may come +from the same quarter against the Person last mentioned in the Craftsman of +the 22nd May, 1731_, he was answered in five Poetical Letters to the King, +which in keenness of wit, polished satire, and flowing ease of +versification, have not been since surpassed. The title of the tract in +which they are contained is _The Craftsman's Apology, being a Vindication +of his Conduct and Writings in several Letters to the King_, printed for T. +Cooper, 1732, 8vo. pages 32. By whom were these very clever and amusing +letters written? Lord Hervey or Sir Charles Hanbury Williams are the +parties one would think most likely to have written them; but they do not +appear in the list of Lord Hervey's works given by Walpole, or amongst +those noticed by Mr. Croker, or in Sir C. H. Williams's _Collected Works_, +in three volumes. Independently of which, I question whether the +versification is not, in point of harmony, too equal for either of them. If +they be included in the collected works of any other writer of the time, +which I have no immediate recollection of, some of your correspondents will +no doubt be able to point him out. Should it appear that they have not been +reprinted, I shall be disposed to recur again to the subject, and to give +an extract from them, as, of all the attacks ever made upon Bolingbroke, +they seem to me the most pleasant, witty, and effective. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + + +PALISSY AND CARDINAL WISEMAN. + +On April 28, Cardinal Wiseman, at the Manchester Corn Exchange, delivered a +lecture "On the Relation of the Arts of Design to the Arts of Production." +It occupies thirteen columns of _The Tablet_ of May 7, which professes to +give it "from _The Manchester Examiner_, with corrections and additions." I +have read it with pleasure, and shall preserve it as one of the best +discourses on Art ever delivered; but there is a matter of fact, on which I +am not so well satisfied. In noticing Bernard Palissy, the cardinal is +reported to have said: + + "For sixteen years he persevered in this way; and then was crowned with + success, and produced the first specimens of coloured and beautiful + pottery, such as are to this day sought by the curious; and _he + received a situation in the king's household, and ended his days in + comfort and respectability_." + +In the review of "Morley's Life of Palissy the Potter," _Spectator_, Oct. +9, 1852, it is said: + + "The period of the great potter's birth is uncertain. Mr. Morley fixes + it, on probable data, at 1509; but with a latitude of six years on + either side. _Palissy died in 1589 in the Bastile, where he had been + confined four years as a Hugenot; the king and his other friends could + defer his trial, but dared not grant him liberty._" + +All the accounts which I have read agree with Mr. Morley and the +_Spectator_. Are they or the cardinal right, supposing him to be correctly +reported? + +H. B. C. + +U. U. Club. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Polidus._--Can you tell me where the scene of the following play is laid, +and the names of the _dramatis personae_?--_Polidus, a Tragedy_, by Moses +Browne, 8vo. 1723. The author of this play, who was born in 1703, and died +in 1787, was for some time the curate of the Rev. James Harvey, author of +_Meditations_, and other works. Mr. Browne was afterwards presented to the +vicarage of Olney, in Bucks, where the Rev. John Newton was his curate for +several years. + +A. Z. + +Glasgow. + + [Moses Browne was subsequently Chaplain of Morden College. The + piscatory brotherhood are indebted to him for having revived Walton's + _Complete Angler_, after it had lain dormant for upwards of eighty + years; and this task, he tells us, was undertaken at the request of Dr. + Samuel Johnson.--ED.] + +{500} + +_St. Paul's Epistles to Seneca._--It has frequently been affirmed that +Seneca became, in the last year of his life, a convert to Christianity--his +canonisation by St. Jerome is undoubted and there was stated to be a MS. of +the above epistle in Merton College. May I ask any of your contributors +whether this MS. has ever been printed? + +J. M. S. + +Hull. + +_Meaning of "folowed."_--Inside the cover of an old Bible and Prayer-Book, +bound in one quarto, Robert Barker, 1611, is the following inscription: + + "July eight I was much folowed when I lay in bed alone att Mistris + Whitmore's house, wee haveing agreed too bee married nextt daye. + + "God, even our own God, shal bless us. This incouriged mee too hope for + God's favour and blessing through Christ. + + "Christopher Curwen and Hannah Whitmore was married att Lambe's Chapel, + near Criplegate, July ninth, 1712." + +An entry of his marriage with his first wife, Elizabeth Sutton, 1704, is on +the cover at the beginning of the book. + +Can any one of your correspondents enlighten me as to the meaning of the +word _folowed_? The letters are legibly written, and there can be no +mistake about any of them. Is it an expression derived from the Puritans? + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Roman Catholic Registers._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where +I can find the registers of births, marriages, and burials of Roman +Catholic families living in Berks and Oxon in the reigns of Charles I. and +II.? + +A. PT. + +_St. Alban's Day._--At p. 340. of the _Chronicles of London Bridge_, it is +stated that Cardinal Fisher was executed on St. Alban's day, June 22, 1535. +How is it that in our present calendar St. Alban's day is not June 22, but +June 17? On looking back I see SIR W. C. TREVELYAN, in our first volume, +inquired the reason of this change, but I do not find any reply to his +Query. + +E. H. A. + +_Meigham, the London Printer._--J. A. S. is desirous of obtaining +information regarding a printer in London, of the name of Meigham, about +1745-8, or to be directed where to search for such. Meigham conversed, or +corresponded, about Catholicity with Dr. Hay, the then vicar-apostolic of +the Eastern District of Scotland. + +_Adamsoniana._--Is anything known of the family of Michel Adamson, or +Michael Adamson, the eminent naturalist and voyager to Senegal, who, though +born in France, is said to have been of Scottish extraction? + +Where is the following poem to be met with? + + "Ode in Collegium Bengalense, praemio dignata quod alumnis collegiorum + Aberdonensium proposuit vir reverendus C. Buchanan, Coll. Bengalensis + Praefectus Vicarius. Auctore Alexandro Adamson, A.M., Coll. Marisch. + Aberd. alumno." + +Allow me to repeat a Query which was inserted in Vol. ii., p. 297., asking +for any information respecting J. Adamson, the author of a rare tract on +Edward II.'s reign, published in 1732, in defence of the Walpole +administration from the attacks of the _Craftsman_. + +Who was John Adamson, author of _Fanny of Caernarvon, or the War of the +Roses_, an historical romance, of which a French translation was published +in 1809 at Paris, in 2 vols. 12mo.? + +E. H. A. + +_Canker or Brier Rose._--Can any of your correspondents tell me why the +brier or dog-rose was anciently called the _canker_? The brier is +particularly free from the disease so called, and the name does not appear +to have been used in disparagement. In Shakspeare's beautiful Sonnet LIV. +are the lines: + + "The _canker-blooms_ have full as deep a dye, + As the perfumed tincture of the roses." + +In _King Henry IV._, Act I. Sc. 3., Hotspur says: + + "Shall it for shame be spoken in these days, + Or fill up chronicles in times to come, + That men of your nobility and power, + Did 'gage them both in an unjust behalf, + (As both of you, God pardon it! have done) + To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose + And plant this thorn, this _canker_ Bolingbroke." + +And again, Don John, in _Much Ado about Nothing_, Act I. Sc. 3.: + + "I had rather be a _canker_ in a hedge, than a rose in the grave." + +ANON. + +"_Short red, god red._"--In Roger of Wendover's _Chronicle_, Bohn's +edition, vol. i. p. 345., is a story how Walchere, Bishop of Durham, was +slain in his county court, A.D. 1075, by the suitors on the instigation of +one who cried out in his native tongue "Schort red, god red, slea ye the +bischop." + +Sir Walter Scott, in his _Tales of a Grandfather_ (vol. i. p. 85.), tells +the same story of a Bishop of Caithness who was burned for enforcing tithes +in the reign of Alexander II. of Scotland (about 1220). + +What authority is there for the latter story? Did Sir Walter confound the +two bishops, or did he add the circumstance for the amusement of Hugh +Littlejohn? Was this the formula usually adopted on such occasions? How +came the Caithness people to speak such good Saxon? + +G. + +_Overseers of Wills._--I have copies of several wills of the fifteenth and +sixteenth centuries, in {501} which one set of persons are appointed +_executors_ and another _overseers_. What were the rights and duties of +these latter? + +J. K. + +_Lepel's Regiment._--Can your correspondent MR. ARTHUR HAMILTON inform me +what is the regiment known in 1707 as _Lepel's Regiment_? It was a cavalry +regiment, I believe. + +J. K. + +_Vincent Family._--Can any of your correspondents give me any information +respecting the descendants of Francis Vincent, grandson of Augustine +Vincent, Rouge Croix Pursuivant at Arms. His sister Elizabeth has, or had +very lately, a representative in the person of Francis Offley Edmunds of +Worsborough, Yorkshire; but nowhere have I been able to obtain any +information respecting himself. If you could give any information on this +subject, you would much oblige + +C. WILSON. + +_Passage in the First Part of Faust._-- + + "_Faust._ Es Klopft? Herein! Wer will mich wieder plagen? + _Mephistopheles._ Ich bin's. + _Faust._ Herein! + _Mephis._ Du musst es dreimal sagen. + _Faust._ Herein denn! + _Mephis._ So gefaellst du mir." + +Why must he say it _three_ times? Is this a superstition that can be traced +in other countries than Germany? In Horace we have Diana thus addressed: + + "_Ter_ vocata audis, adimisque letho, + Diva triformis."--Lib. iii. Ode 22. + +But she is there the benign Diana, not Hecate. + +Are we to understand the passage to mean, that the number _three_ has a +magical influence in summoning spirits; or to teach that the power of evil +is so overruled by a higher Power, that he cannot approach to begin his +work of temptation and ruin unless he be, not once merely, or twice, but +_three_ times, called by the free will and act of the individual who is +surrendering himself to his influence? The subject seems worthy of +elucidation. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Lady Anne Gray._--Who was the "Lady Anne Gray," or "Lady Gray," who was +one of the attendants on Queen Elizabeth when princess, and is mentioned +first in Sir John Harrington's poem in praise of her ladies? + +N. A. + +_Continental Brasses._--At a recent meeting of the Archaeological Institute, +Mr. Nesbitt exhibited rubbings of some fine brasses at Bamberg, Naumberg, +Meissen, and Erfurt. Mr. Nesbitt would confer a favour on the readers of +"N. & Q." by stating the names and dates of those sepulchral memorials, and +the churches from which he obtained the rubbings, and thus aid in carrying +out MR. W. SPARROW SIMPSON'S excellent suggestion for obtaining a complete +list of monumental brasses on the Continent. + +WILLIAM W. KING. + +_Peter Beaver._--In the early part of the last century, a gentleman named +Peter Beaver, whose daughter was married in 1739 to Latham Blacker, Esq., +of Rathescar, lived in the old and fashionable town of Drogheda. Can any +one inform me as to the year of his death, and whether he left a son? The +name has disappeared in Drogheda. I would likewise be glad to know the +origin of the name; and, if it be a corruption of Beauvoir, at what time, +and for what reason, was it changed? The crest is the animal of the same +name. + +ABHBA. + +_Cremonas._--Can any of your numerous correspondents kindly supply me with +a list of the earliest and the latest of the instruments of each of the +famous _cremona_ makers? Such a list would be a valuable contribution to +"N. & Q." + +Mr. Dubourg's work on the _Violin_, excellent as it is in many respects, +contains but a meagre account of the instrument itself, and is sadly +deficient on the subject of my Query. May I ask him, and I have reason for +so doing, on what authority he gives 1664 as the year of the birth of +Antonius Stradivarius, in his last edition? + +H. C. K. + +_Cranmer and Calvin._--In the _Christian Observer_ for March 1827 (No. 303. +p. 150.) it is stated that the late Rev. T. Brock, of Guernsey, had been +assured by an eminent scholar of Geneva, afterwards a clergyman in our +church, that he had met with, in a public library at Geneva, a printed +correspondence in Latin between Archbishop Cranmer and Calvin, in which the +latter forewarned the former, that though he perfectly understood the +meaning of the baptismal service, yet "the time would come when" it "would +be misconceived, and received as implying that baptism absolutely conveyed +regeneration;" and that Cranmer replied, "that it is not possible such a +construction can be put upon the passage, the church having sufficiently +explained her meaning in the Articles and elsewhere." I have heard that +search was made for these documents by M. D'Aubigne and others, but without +success; one of the reports being, that "the documents had been apparently +_cut out_." Mr. Brock's informant, I hear, was a Rev. Marc De Joux, who +afterwards became an Irvingite, left Guernsey, and went to the Mauritius, +where it is believed he still resides. With the _theological_ question I +wish not here to meddle, or to express an opinion. But I should be glad if +you will kindly permit me to inquire whether any of your readers can give +any information as to the existence of the supposed "printed" +correspondence {502} referred to? whether or not it does exist? and, if so, +where? + +C. D. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +"_A Letter to a Convocation Man_" (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 415.).--I beg to +thank "N. & Q." for the answer to my inquiry respecting the authorship of +this letter. I should be very glad to learn further particulars respecting +Sir Bartholomew Shower. Was he a member of the House of Commons, as the +author of the Letter intimates that he himself was? I shall also be very +thankful if TYRO, or any other correspondent, will answer for me these +Queries, suggested by the same Letter. + + "It was the opinion, indeed, of a late _great preacher_, that + Christians under a Mahometan or Pagan government, ought to value the + peace of the country above the conversion of the people there." + +Who is the preacher here referred to? + +Who were the authors, and what were the titles of the many _Defences_ of +Sherlock's _Vindication of the Holy and Ever Blessed Trinity_, and _The +Divinity and Death of Christ_? * + +And what farther is to be learned of Mr. Papin, a Socinian, who jointed the +Church of Rome about that period? + + +Who was Chief Justice in 1697? Was it Chief Justice Treby? ++ + +Trelawney, Bishop of Exeter, excommunicated Dr. Bury. When was the living +the latter enjoyed "untouched and even unquestioned by another bishop?" Sec. + +In case the answers to these should not appear of sufficient importance to +be put into type, I enclose an envelope. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +P.S.--The misprint you point out, Vol. vii., p. 409., of _Oxoniensis_ for +_Exoniensis_, occurred in the Appendix to Wake's _State of the Church and +Clergy of England_, p. 4. + + [* The titles of nearly twenty works relating to Sherlock's Trinitarian + Controversy will be found _s. v._ in the _Bodleian Catalogue_, vol. + iii. p. 462. See also Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_. + + + A long account of Mr. Papin is given in Rose's as well as in + Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_. + + ++ Sir George Treby was Chief Justice of Common Pleas in 1697. + + Sec. Bishop Trelawney, it appears, suspended Dr. Arthur Bury from the + rectorship of Exeter College for some heterodox notions in his work, + _The Naked Gospel_. The affair was carried by appeal from the King's + Bench to the House of Lords, when Bishop Stillingfleet delivered a + speech on the "Case of Visitation of Colleges," printed in his + _Ecclesiastical Cases_, part ii. p. 411. Wood states that Dr. Bury was + soon after restored. For an account of this controversy, and the works + relating to it, see Gough's _British Topography_, vol. ii. p. 147., and + Wood's _Athenae_ (Bliss), vol. iv. p. 483. + + Any farther communications on the above Queries shall be forwarded to + the correspondent.] + +_Prester John._--I should be glad, through the medium of "N. & Q.," to be +favoured with some information relative to this mysterious personage. + +STRATH CLYDE. + + [The history of Prester John, or of the individuals bearing that + appellation, appears involved in considerable confusion and obscurity. + Most of our Encyclopaedias contain notices of this mysterious personage, + especially Rees's, and Collier's _Great Historical Dictionary_. "The + fame of _Prester_ or _Presbyter_ John," says Gibbon, "a khan, whose + power was vainly magnified by the Nestorian missionaries, and who is + said to have received at their hands the rite of baptism, and even of + ordination, has long amused the credulity of Europe. In its long + progress to Mosul, Jerusalem, Rome, &c., the story of Prester John + evaporated into a monstrous fable, of which some features have been + borrowed from the Lama of Thibet (_Hist. Geneaologique des Tartares_, + part ii. p. 42.; _Hist. de Gengiscan_, p. 31. &c.), and were ignorantly + transferred by the Portuguese to the emperor of Abyssinia (Ludolph. + _Hist. AEthop. Comment._ l. ii. c. 1.). Yet is is probable that, in the + twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Nestorian Christianity was professed + in the horde of the Keraites."] + +_Homer's Iliad in a Nut._--On the tomb of those celebrated gardeners, +Tradescant father and son, these lines occur in the course of the +inscription: + + "Whilst they (as Homer's Iliad in a nut), + A World of Wonders in one closet shut." + +Will you explain the comparison implied in the words "as Homer's Iliad in a +nut?" + +DAVID. + + [It refers to the account given by Pliny, vii. 21., that the _Iliad_ + was copied in so small a hand, that the whole work could lie in a + walnut-shell: "In nuce inclusam Iliada Homeri carmen, in membrana + scriptum tradidit Cicero." Pliny's authority is Cicero _apvd Gellium_, + ix. 421. See M. Huet's account of a similar experiment in _Gentleman's + Magazine_, vol. xxxix. p. 347.] + +_Monogram of Parker Society._--What is the meaning of the monogram adopted +by the Parker Society on all their publications? + +TYRO. + + [The monogram is "MATTHEW PARKER," Archbishop of Canterbury in the + reign of Queen Elizabeth.] + +_The Five Alls._--Can any of your readers give me an interpretation of a +sign on an inn in Oxford, which bears this inscription? + + "THE FIVE ALLS." + +I can make nothing of it. + +CURIOSUS. + +Oxford. + + [Captain Grose shall interpret this Query. He says, "The Five Alls is a + country sign, representing five human figures, each having a motto. The + first is a king in his regalia, 'I govern all.' The second, a {503} + bishop in pontificals, 'I pray for all.' Third, a lawyer in his gown, + 'I plead for all.' Fourth, a soldier in his regimentals, 'I fight for + all.' Fifth, a poor countryman with his scythe and rake, 'I _pay_ for + all!'"] + +_Corvizer._--In a deed of the middle of the last century, I find this +addition to the name of a person residing at Conway. The word is similarly +employed in a list of interments of some "common people," contained in +Browne Willis's account of Bangor Cathedral. What does it mean, and whence +is it derived? + +H. B. + +Bangor. + + [An obsolete word for a cordwainer or shoemaker. See Ash's + _Dictionary._] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +ENGLISH COMEDIANS IN GERMANY. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 184. 459.; Vol. iii., p. 21.; Vol. vii., pp. 114. 360.) + +In 1605 the English comedians first appeared in Prussia. In October they +performed before the Duchess Maria Eleonora at Koningsberg, for which they +were well paid; they then proceeded to Elbing, whence they were dismissed +with twenty thalers, since they produced scandalous things ("weil sie +schandbare Dinge fuergebracht"). In 1607, they were again sent away, after +they had performed the preceding year at Rostock. Some time after, the +Elector of Brandenburg, Joh. Sigismund, employed a certain noble, Hans von +Stockfisch, to obtain a theatrical company from England and the +Netherlands. A troop of nineteen comedians, under the direction of John +Spencer, came with sixteen musicians to add lustre to the electoral feasts. +In 1611, they received 720 marks, as well as many hundred ells of various +stuffs for costumes and decorations; of which great quantities were used in +1612. Many a time was it necessary to ransom them at great cost from inns +and lodging-houses; so that the prince, in 1613, resolved to rid himself of +these dear guests, and gave them a recommendation to the Elector of Saxony. +In 1616 we find them in Dantzic, where they gave eight representations; and +two years later, the Electress of Brandenburg, through Hans von Stockfisch, +procured eighteen comedians, who performed at Elbing, Koningsberg, and +other places, and were paid for their trouble ("fuer ihre gehabte Muehe eins +fuer alles") 200 Polish guilders. + +In 1639, English comedians are again found in Koningsberg; and, for the +last time, in 1650, at Vienna, where William Roe, John Waide, Gideon, +Gellius, and Robert Casse, obtained a license from Ferdinand I. + +In 1620 appeared a volume of _Englische Comedien und Tragedien, &c._ (2nd +edit., 1624), which was followed by a second; and in 1670 by a third: in +which last, however, the English element is not so prominent. + +These statements of Dr. Hagen are confirmed by numerous quotations from +original documents, published by him in the _Neue Preuss. Provincial +Blaetter_, Koningsb., 1850, vol. x.; vid. et _Gesch. der Deuts. +Schauspielk._, by E. Devrient, Leipzic, 1848. Professor Hagen maintains, +that in the beginning of the seventeenth century, the English comedies were +performed in Dutch; and that, in Germany, the same persons were called +indifferently English or Dutch comedians. They were Englishmen who had +found shelter under the English trading companies in the Netherlands ("Es +waren Englaender die in den englischen Handelscompagnien in den Niederlanden +ein Unterkommen gefunden.")--From the _Navorscher_. + +J. M. + + * * * * * + + +A GENTLEMAN EXECUTED FOR WHIPPING A SLAVE TO DEATH. + +(Vol. vii., p. 107.) + +The occurrence noticed by W. W. is, I believe, the only instance on record +in the West Indies of the _actual_ execution of a gentleman for the murder, +by whipping or otherwise, of a slave. Nor is this strange. In the days of +slavery every owner of slaves was regarded in the light of a gentleman, and +his "right to do what he liked with his own" was seldom called in question +by judges or juries, who were themselves among the principal shareholders. +The case of Hodge was, however, of an aggravated character. For the trivial +offence of stealing a mango, he had caused one of his slaves to be whipped +to death; and this was, perhaps, the least shocking of the repeated acts of +cruelty which he was known to have committed upon the slaves of his estate. + +During slavery each colony had its Hodge, and some had more than one. The +most conspicuous character of this kind in St. Lucia was _Jacques O'Neill +de Tyrone_, a gentleman who belonged to an Irish family, originally settled +in Martinique, and who boasted of his descent from one of the ancient kings +of Ireland. This man had long been notorious for his cruelty to his slaves. +At last, on the surrender of the colony to the British in 1803, the +attention of the authorities was awakened; a charge of murder was brought +against him, and he was sentenced to death. From this sentence he appealed +to a higher court; but such was the state of public feeling at the bare +idea of putting a white man to death for any offence against a slave, that +for a long time the members of the court could not be induced to meet; and +when they did meet, it was only to reverse the sentence of the court below. +I have now before me the proceedings of both courts. {504} The sentence of +the inferior court, presided over by an European judge, is based upon the +clearest evidence of O'Neill's having caused two of his slaves to be +murdered in his presence, and their heads cut off and stuck upon poles as a +warning to the others. The sentence of the Court of Appeal, presided over +by a brother planter, and entirely composed of planters, reverses the +sentence, without assigning any reason for its decision, beyond the mere +allegations of the accused party. Such was criminal justice in the days of +slavery! + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + + * * * * * + + +LONGEVITY. + +(Vol. vii., p. 358., &c.) + +On looking over some volumes of the _Annual Register_, from its +commencement in 1758, I find instances of longevity very common, if we can +credit its reports. In vol. iv., for the year 1761, amongst the deaths, of +which there are many between 100 and 110, the following occur: + + January. "At Philadelphia, Mr. Charles Cottrell, aged 120 years; and + three days after, his wife, aged 115. This couple lived together in the + marriage state 98 years in great union and harmony." + + April. "Mrs. Gillam, of Aldersgate Street, aged 113." + + July. "John Newell, Esq., at Michael(s)town, Ireland, aged 127, + grandson to old Parr, who died at the age of 152." + + August. "James Carlewhite, of Seatown, in Scotland, aged 111. + + "John Lyon, of Bandon, in the county of Cork, Ireland, aged 116." + +In September there are three aged 106; one 107; one 111; one 112; and one +114 registered. I will take three from the year 1768, viz.: + + January. "Died lately in the Isle of Sky, in Scotland, Mr. Donald + M^cGregor, a farmer there, in the 117th year of his age. + + "Last week, died at Burythorpe, near Malton in Yorkshire, Francis + Confit, aged 150 years: he was maintained by the parish above sixty + years, and retained his senses to the very last." + + April. "Near Ennis, Joan M^cDonough, aged 138 years." + +Should sufficient interest attach to this subject, and any of the +correspondents of "N. & Q." wish it, I will be very happy to contribute my +mite, and make out a list of all the deaths above 120 years, or even 110, +from the commencement of the _Annual Register_, but am afraid it will be +found rather long. + +J. S. A. + +Old Broad Street. + +A few years ago there lived in New Ross, in the county of Wexford, two old +men. The one, a slater named Furlong, a person of very intemperate habits, +died an inmate of the poorhouse in his 101st year: he was able to take long +walks up to a very short period before his death; and I have heard that he, +his son, and grandson, have been all together on a roof slating at the same +time. The other man was a nurseryman named Hayden, who died in his 108th +year: his memory was very good as to events that happened in his youth, and +his limbs, though shrunk up considerably, served him well. He was also in +the frequent habit of taking long walks not long before his death. + +J. W. D. + + * * * * * + + +DERIVATION OF CANADA. + +(Vol. vii., p. 380.) + +The derivation given in the "cutting from an old newspaper," contributed by +MR. BREEN, seems little better than that of Dr. Douglas, who derives the +name from a _M. Cane_, to whom he attributes the honour of being the +discoverer of the St. Lawrence. + +In the first place, the "cutting" is not correct, in so far as Gaspar +Cortereal never ascended the river, having merely entered the gulf, to +which the name of St. Lawrence was afterwards given by Jacques Carter. +Neither was the main object of the expedition the discovery of a passage +into the Indian Sea, but the discovery of gold; and it was the +disappointment of the adventurers in not finding the precious metal which +is supposed to have caused them to exclaim "Aca nada!" (Nothing here). + +The author of the _Conquest of Canada_, in the first chapter of that +valuable work, says that "an ancient Castilian tradition existed, that the +Spaniards visited these coasts before the French,"--to which tradition +probably this supposititious derivation owes its origin. + +Hennepin, who likewise assigns to the Spaniards priority of discovery, +asserts that they called the land _El Capo di Nada_ (Cape Nothing) for the +same reason. + +But the derivation given by Charlevoix, in his _Nouvelle France_, should +set all doubt upon the point at rest; _Cannada_ signifying, in the Iroquois +language, a number of huts (_un amas de cabanes_), or a village. The name +came to be applied to the whole country in this manner:--The natives being +asked what they called the first settlement at which Cartier and his +companions arrived, answered, "Cannada;" not meaning the particular +appellation of the place, which was Stadacona (the modern Quebec), but +simply a village. In like manner, they applied the same word to Hochelaga +(Montreal) and to other places; whence the Europeans, hearing every +locality designated by the same term, _Cannada_, very naturally applied it +to the entire valley of the St. Lawrence. It may not here be out of place +to notice, that with respect to the derivation of _Quebec_, the weight of +evidence {505} would likewise seem to be favourable to an aboriginal +source, as Champlain speaks of "la pointe de Quebec, ainsi appellee des +sauvages;" not satisfied with which, some writers assert that the far-famed +city was named after Candebec, a town on the Seine; while others say that +the Norman navigators, on perceiving the lofty headland, exclaimed "Quel +bec!" of which they believe the present name to be a corruption. Dissenting +from all other authorities upon the subject, Mr. Hawkins, the editor of a +local guide-book called _The Picture of Quebec_, traces the name to an +European source, which he considers to be conclusive, owing to the +existence of a seal bearing date 7 Henry V. (1420), and on which the Earl +of Suffolk is styled "Domine de Hamburg et de Quebec." + +ROBERT WRIGHT. + + * * * * * + + +SETANTIORUM PORTUS. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 180. 246.) + +Although the positions assigned by Camden to the ancient names of the +various estuaries on the coasts of Lancashire and Cumberland are very much +at variance with those laid down by more modern geographers; still, with +regard to the particular locality assigned by him to the _Setantiorum +Portus_, he has made a suggestion which seems worthy the attention of your +able correspondent C. + +His position for _Morecambe Bay_ is a small inlet to the south of the +entrance of _Solway Firth_, into which the rivers _Waver_ and _Wampool_ +empty themselves, and on which stands "the abbey of _Ulme_, or _Holme +Cultraine_." He derives the name from the British, as signifying a "crooked +sea," which doubtless is correct; we have _Mor taweh_, the main sea; +_Morudd_, the Red Sea; and _Mor camm_ may be supposed to indicate a bay +much indented with inlets. It is needless to say that the present +_Morecambe Bay_ answers this description far more accurately than that in +the Solway Firth. _Belisama AEstuarium_ he assigns to the mouth of the +Ribble, and is obliged to allot _Setantiorum Portus_ to the remaining +estuary, now called Morecambe Bay. However, he seems not quite satisfied +with this last arrangement, and suggests that it would be more appropriate +if we might read, as is found in some copies, _Setantiorum_ [Greek: limne], +instead of [Greek: limen], thus assigning the name of Setantii to the +inhabitants of the _lake district_. + +The old editions of Ptolemy, both Greek and Latin, are very incorrect, and, +there is little doubt, have suffered from alterations and interpolations at +the hands of ignorant persons. I have not access at present to any edition +of his geography, either of Erasmus, Servetus, or Bertius, so I know not +whether any weight should be allowed to the following circumstance; in the +_Britannia Romana_, in Gibson's _Camden_, this is almost the only _Portus_ +to be found round the coast of England. The terms there used are (with one +more exception) invariably _aestuarium_, or _fluvii ostium_. If this +variation in the old reading be accepted, the appellation as given by +Montanus, Bertius, and others, to _Winandermere_, becomes more +intelligible. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Stereoscopic Queries._--Can any of your readers inform me what are the +proper angles under which stereoscopic pictures should be taken? + +Mr. Beard, I am informed, takes his stereoscopic portraits at about 61/2 deg., or +1 in 9; that is to say, his cameras are placed 1 inch apart for every 9 +inches the sitter is removed from them. The distance of the sitter with him +is generally, I believe, 8 feet, which would give 10-2/3 inches for the +extent of the separation between his cameras. More than this has the +effect, he says, of making the pictures appear to stand out unnaturally; +that is to say, if the cameras were to be placed 12 inches apart (which +would be equal to 1 in 8), the pictures would seem to be in greater relief +than the objects. + +I find that the pictures on a French stereoscopic slide I have by me have +been taken at an angle of 10 deg., or 1 in 6. This was evidently photographed +at a considerable distance, the triumphal arch in the Place de Carousel (of +which it is a representation) being reduced to about 11/4 inch in height. How +comes it then that the angle is here increased to 10 deg. from 61/2 deg., or to 1 in +6 from 1 in 9. + +Moreover, the only work I have been able to obtain on the mode of taking +stereoscopic pictures, lays it down that all portraits, or near objects, +should be taken under an angle of 15 deg., or, as it says, 1 in 5; that is, if +the camera is 20 feet from the sitter, the distance between its first and +second position (supposing only one to be used) should not exceed 4 feet: +otherwise, adds the author, "the stereosity will appear unnaturally great." + +When two cameras are employed, the instructions proceed to state that the +distance between them would be about 1/10th of the distance from the part +of the object focussed. The example given is a group of portraits, and the +angle, 1 in 10, is afterwards spoken of as being equivalent to an arc of +10 deg. + +Farther on, we are told that "the angle should be lessened as the distance +between the nearest and farthest objects increase. Example: if the farthest +object be twice as far from the camera as the near object, the angle should +be 5 deg. to a central point between these two. + +Now, I find by calculation that the measurements and the angle here +mentioned by no means {506} agree. For instance, an angle of 15 deg. is spoken +of as being equivalent to the measurement 1 in 5. An angle of 10 deg. is said, +or implied, to be the same as 1 in 10. This is far from being the fact. +According to my calculations, the following are the real equivalents:-- + + An angle of 15 deg. is equal to 1 in 4. + " 12 deg. " 1 in 5. + " 10 deg. " 1 in 6. + " 6-1/2 deg. " 1 in 9. + " 6 deg. " 1 in 10. + " 5 deg. " 1 in 12. + " 4 deg. " 1 in 15. + +Will any of your readers oblige me by solving the above anomalies, and by +giving the proper angles or measurement under which objects should be taken +when near, moderately distant, or far removed from the camera; stating, at +the same time, at how many feet from the camera an object is to be +considered as near, or distant, or between the two? It would be a great +assistance to beginners in the stereoscopic art, if some experienced +gentleman would state the best distances and angles for taking busts, +portraits, groups, buildings, and landscapes. + +It is said that stereoscopic pictures at great distances, such as views, +should be taken "with a small aperture." But as the exact dimensions are +not mentioned, it would be equally serviceable if, to the other details, +were added some account of the dimensions of the apertures required for the +several angles. + +In the directions given in the work from which I have quoted, it is said +that when pictures are taken with one camera placed in different positions, +the angle should be 15 deg.; but when taken with two cameras, the angle should +be 10 deg. Is this right? And, if so, why the difference? + +In the account given by you of Mr. Wilkinson's ingenious mode of levelling +the cameras for stereoscopic pictures, it is said the plumb-line should be +three feet long, and that the diagonal lines drawn on the ground glass +should be made to cut the principal object focussed on the glass; and "when +you have moved it, the camera, 8 _or_ 10 feet, make it cut the same object +again." At what distance is the object presumed to be? + +Any information upon the above matters will be a great service, and +consequently no slight favour conferred upon your constant reader since the +photographic correspondence has been commenced. + +[phi]. + +_Photographic Portraits of Criminals, &c._--Such experience as I have had +both in drawing portraits and taking photographs, impels me to hint to the +authorities of Scotland Yard that they will by no means find taking the +portraits of gentlemen that are "wanted" infallible, and I anticipate some +unpleasant mistakes will ere long arise. I have observed that inability to +recognize a portrait is as frequent in the case of photographs as on +canvass, or in any other way. I defy the whole world of artists to reduce +the why and wherefore into a reasonable shape; one will declare that +"either" looks as if the individual was going to cry; the next critic will +say he sees nothing but a pleasant smile. "I should never have known who it +is if you hadn't told me," says a third; the next says "it's his eyes, but +not his nose;" and perhaps the next will say, "it's his nose, but not his +eyes." + +I was present not long since at the showing a portrait, which I think about +the climax of doubt. "Not a bit like," was the first exclamation. The poor +artist sank into his chair; after, however, a brief contemplation, "It's +very like, _in-deed_; it's excellent:" this was said by a gentleman of the +highest attainments, and one of the best poets of the day. + +Some persons (I beg pardon of the ladies) take the habiliments as the +standard of recognition. I do not accuse them of doing it wilfully; they do +not know it themselves. For example, Miss Smith will know Miss Jones a mile +or so off. By her general air, or her face? Oh no! It's by the bonnet she +helped her to choose at Madame What-d'ye-call's, because the colour suited +he complexion. + +These are some of the mortifications attendant on artistic labour, and if +they occur with the educated classes, they are more likely to happen even +to "intelligent policemen," as the newspaper have it. If I dissent from the +plan it is because I doubt its efficiency, but do not deny that it is worth +a trial. If the French like to carry their portraits about with them on +their passports to show to policemen, let them submit to the humiliation. I +doubt very much whether the Chamber of Deputies would have made a law of +it: it appears a new idea in jurisprudence that a man _must_ sit for his +picture. Any one, however, understanding the camera, would be alive before +the removal of the cup of the lens, and be ready with a wry face; I do not +suppose he could be imprisoned for _that_. + +Both plans are miserable travesties on the lovely uses of portrait painting +and photography. Side by side with Cowper's passionate address to his +mother's picture, how does it look? + + "Oh, that those lips had language! Life has pass'd + With me but roughly since I saw thee last." + +And, + + "Blest be the art that can immortalise." + +If photography has an advantage over canvas, it does indeed immortalise +(the painting may imitate, and the portrait may be good; but there is +something more profoundly affecting in having the actual, the real shade of +a friend perhaps long {507} since in his grave); and we ought not only to +be grateful to the illustrious inventors of the art, but prevent these base +uses being made of it. + +In short, apart from the uncertainty of recognition, which I have not in +the least caricatured, if Giles Scroggins, housebreaker and coiner, and all +the swell mob, are to be photographed, it will bring the art into disgrace, +and people's friends will inquire delicately where it was done, when they +show their lively effigies. It may also mislead by a sharp rogue's +adroitness; and I question very much its legality. + +WELD TAYLOR. + +_Photography applied to Catalogues of Books._--May not photography be +usefully applied to the making of catalogues of large libraries? It would +seem no difficult matter to obtain any number of photographs, of any +required size, of the title-page of any book. Suppose the plan adopted, +that five photographs of each were taken; they may be arranged in five +catalogues, as follows:--Era, subject, country, author, title. These being +arranged alphabetically, would form five catalogues of a library probably +sufficient to meet the wants of all. Any number of additional divisions may +be added. By adopting a fixed breadth--say three inches--for the +photographs, to be pasted in double columns in folio, interchanges may take +place of those unerring slips, and thus librarians aid each other. I throw +out this crude idea, in the hope that photographers and librarians may +combine to carry it out. + +ALBERT BLOR, LL.D. + +Dublin. + +_Application of Photography to the Microscope._--May I request the +re-insertion of the photographic Query of R. J. F. in Vol. vi., p. 612., as +I cannot find that it has received an answer, viz., What extra apparatus is +required to a first-rate microscope in order to obtain photographic +microscopic pictures? + +J. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Discovery at Nuneham Regis_ (Vol. vi., p. 558.).--May the decapitated +body, found in juxta-position with other members of the Chichester family, +not be that of Sir John Chichester the Younger, mentioned in Burke's +_Peerage and Baronetage_, under the head "Chichester, Sir Arthur, of +Raleigh, co. Devon," as being that fourth son of Sir John Chichester, Knt., +M.P. for the co. Devon, who was Governor of Carrickfergus, and lost his +life "by decapitation," after falling into the hands of James Macsorley +Macdonnel, Earl of Antrim? + +The removal of the body from Ireland to the resting-place of other members +of the family would not be a very improbable event, and quite consistent +with the natural affection of relatives, under such mournful circumstances. + +J. H. T. + +_Eulenspiegel, or Howleglas_ (Vol. vii., pp. 357. 416.).--Permit me to +acquaint your correspondent that among the many singular and curious books +which formed the library of that talented antiquary the late Charles +Kirkpatrick Sharp, and which were sold here by auction some time ago, there +was a small 12mo. volume containing _French translations_, with rude +woodcuts, of-- + + 1. "La Vie joyeuse et recreative de Tiel-Ullespiegle, de ses Faits + merveilleux et Fortunes qu'il a eues; lequel par aucune Ruse ne se + laissa pas tromper. A Troyes, chez Garner, 1838." + + 2. "Histoire de Richard Sans Peur, Duc de Normandie, Fils de Robert le + Diable, &c. A Troyes, chez Oudot, 1745." + +T. G. S. + +Edinburgh. + +_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432.; Vol. vii., pp. 193. 369. 438.).-- + + "In the year 1635, upon the request of the Rev. Anthony Tuckney, Vicar + of Boston, it was ordained by the Archbishop of Canterbury (Laud), then + on his metropolitical visitation at Boston, 'that the roome over the + porch of the saide churche shall be repaired and decently fitted up to + make a librarye, to the end that, in case any well and charitably + disposed person shall hereafter bestow any books to the use of the + parish, they may be there safely preserved and kept.'" + +This library at present contains several hundred volumes of ancient +(patristic, scholastic, and post-Reformation) divinity. + +I hope to be able ere long to make a correct catalogue of the books at +present remaining, and at the same time make an attempt to restore them to +that decent "keeping" in which the great and good archbishop desired they +might remain. + +Query: In making preparations for the catalogue, I have been informed by a +gentleman that he remembers two or more _cart loads_ of books from this +library being sold by the churchwardens, and, as he believes, by the then +archdeacon's orders, at waste paper price; that the bulk of them was +purchased by a bookseller then resident in Boston, and re-sold by him to a +clergyman in the neighbourhood of Silsby. + +1. What was the date of the sale? + +2. The name of the _Venerable_ Archdeacon who perpetrated this robbery? + +3. Whether there are any legal means for recovering the missing works? + +My extracts are from Thompson's _History of Boston_, a correspondent of +yours, a new edition of whose laborious work is about to appear. + +THOMAS COLLIS. + +Boston. + +_Painter--Derrick_ (Vol. vii., pp. 178. 391.).--I cannot agree with +J. S. C. that _painter_ is a corruption of _punter_, from the Saxon _punt_, +a boat. {508} According to the construction and analogy of our language, a +_punter_ or _boater_ would be the person who worked or managed the boat. I +consider that _painter_--like _halter_ and _tether_, derived from Gothic +words signifying to _hold_ and to _tie_--is a corruption of _bynder_, from +the Saxon _bynd_, to bind. If the Anglo-Norman word _panter_, a snare for +catching and holding birds, be a corruption of _bynder_, we are brought to +the word at once. Or, indeed, we may go no farther back than _panter_. + +J. C. G. says that _derrick_ is an ancient British word: perhaps he will be +kind enough to let us know its signification. I always understood that a +_derrick_ took its name from _Derrick_, the notorious executioner at +Tyburn, in the early part of the seventeenth century, whose name was long a +general term for hangman. In merchant ships, the _derrick_, for hoisting up +goods, is always placed at the hatchway, close by the _gallows_. The +_derrick_, however, is not a nautical appliance alone; it has been long +used to raise stones at buildings; but the crane, and that excellent +invention the handy-paddy, has now almost put it out of employment. What +will philologists, two or three centuries hence, make out of the word +_handy-paddy_, which is universally used by workmen to designate the +powerful winch, traversing on temporary rails, employed to raise heavy +weights at large buildings. For the benefit of posterity, I may say that it +is very _handy_ for the masons, and almost invariably worked by Irishmen. + +As a collateral evidence to my opinion, that _painter_ is derived from the +Saxon _bynder_, through the Anglo-Norman _panter_, and that _derrick_ is +from _Derrick_ the hangman, I may add that these words are unknown in the +nautical technology of any other language. + +W. PINKERTON. + +Ham. + +_Pepys's "Morena"_ (Vol. vii., p. 118.).--MR. WARDEN may like to be +informed that his conjecture about the meaning of this word is fully +confirmed by the following passage in the _Diary_, 6th October, 1661, which +has hitherto unaccountably escaped observation: + + "There was also my _pretty black girl_, Mrs. Dekins and Mrs. Margaret + Pen this day come to church." + +BRAYBROOKE. + +_Pylades and Corinna_ (Vol. vii., p. 305.).--If your correspondent's +question have reference to the two volumes in octavo published under this +title in 1731, assuredly Defoe had nothing to do with them, as must be +evident to any one on the most cursory glance. The volumes contain memoirs +of Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas, on whom Dryden conferred the poetical title of +Corinna, and the letters which passed between her and Richard Gwinnett, her +intended husband. A biography of this lady, neither whose life nor poetry +were of the best, may be found in Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._, vol. xxix. p. +281., and a farther one in Cibber's _Lives_, vol. iv. The _Dunciad_, and +her part in the publication of Pope's early correspondence, have given her +an unhappy notoriety. I must say, however, that, notwithstanding his +provocation, I cannot but think that he treated this poor woman +ungenerously. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + +_Judge Smith_ (Vol. vii., p. 463.).--I must confess my ignorance of any +Judge Smith flourishing in the reign of Elizabeth. I know of only three +judges of that name. + +1. John Smith, a Baron of the Exchequer during the last seven years of the +reign of Henry VIII. From him descended the Lords Carrington of Wotton +Waven, in Warwickshire, a title which became extinct in 1705. + +2. John Smith, who was also a Baron of the Exchequer in the reign of Anne. +He became Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Scotland in 1708, and died in +1726. He endowed a hospital for poor widows at Frolesworth in +Leicestershire. + +3. Sidney Stafford Smythe, likewise a Baron of the Exchequer under George +II. and III., and Chief Baron in the latter reign. He was of the same +family as that of the present Viscount Strangford. + +If Z. E. R. would be good enough to send a copy of the inscription on the +monument in Chesterfield Church, and give some particulars of the family +seated at Winston Hall, the difficulty will probably be removed. + +EDWARD FOSS. + +_Grindle_ (Vol. vii., pp. 107. 307. 384.).--As one at least of the readers +of "N. & Q." living near _Grindle_ (Greendale is modern), allow me to say +that from the little I know of the places, they appear to me "to possess no +traces of those natural features which would justify the demoniacal +derivation proposed by I. E." However, as my judgment may be of little +worth, if "I. E. of Oxford" should ever migrate into these parts, and will +favour me with a call, with credentials of being the veritable I. E. of "N. +& Q.," I shall have much pleasure in assisting him to examine for himself +all the local knowledge which a short walk to the spots may enable him to +acquire. + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + +Rectory, Clyst St. George. + +_Simile of the Soul and the Magnetic Needle_ (Vol. vi., pp. 127. 207. 280. +368. 566.).--Dr. Arnold, with more religion than science, thus employs this +simile: + + "Men get embarrassed by the common cases of misguided conscience; but a + compass may be out of order as well as a conscience, and the needle may + point due south if you hold a powerful magnet in that direction. Still + the compass, generally speaking, is a true and sure guide, and so is + the conscience; and you {509} can trace the deranging influence on the + latter quite as surely as on the former."--_Life and Correspondence_, + 2nd ed. p. 390. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_English Bishops deprived by Queen Elizabeth, 1559_ (Vol. vii., p. +260.).--I have endeavoured to procure some information for A. S. A. on +those points which MR. DREDGE left unnoticed, but find that, after his +diligent search, very little indeed is to be gleaned. _Bishop Payne_ died +in January, 1559/60 (Strype's _Annals_, anno 1559). Dod, in vol. i. p. 507. +of his _Church History_, mentions a letter of _Bishop Goldwell's_, or, as +he calls him, _Godwell's_, to Dr. Allen, dated anno 1581: + + "This letter," he says, "seems to be written not long before Bishop + Godwell's death, for I meet with no farther mention of him. Here the + reader may take notice of a mistake in Dr. Heylin, who tells us he died + prisoner in Wisbich Castle, which is to be understood of Bishop + Watson." + +Of _Bishop Pate_ he says: + + "He was alive in 1562, but how long after I do not find."--Vol. i. p. + 488. + +_Bishop Pole_, according to the same authority, died a prisoner at large +about the latter end of May, 1568. _Bishop Frampton_ died May 25, 1708 +(Calamy's _Own Times_, vol. ii. p. 119.). I cannot ascertain the day of +_Bishop White's_ death, but he was buried, according to Evelyn (vol. iii. +p. 364.), June 5, 1698. + +TYRO. + +Dublin. + +_Borrowed Thoughts_ (Vol. vii., p. 203.).--The thought which ERICA shows +has been used by Butler and Macaulay is a grain from an often-pillaged +granary; a tag of yarn from a piece of cloth used ever since its make for +darning and patching; a drop of honey from a hive round which robber-bees +and predatory wasps have never ceased to wander,--the _Anatomy of +Melancholy_: + + "Though there were giants of old in physic and philosophy, yet I say + with Didacus Stella[2], 'a dwarf standing on the shoulders of a giant + may see farther than a giant himself.' I may likely add, alter, and see + farther than my predecessors; and it is no greater prejudice for me to + indite after others, than for AElianus Montaltus, that famous physician, + to write _De Morbis Capitis_, after Jason Pratensis," &c. + +The pagination (that of Tegg's edition, 1849) will not guide those who with +Elia sicken at the profanity of "unearthing the bones of that fantastic old +great man," and know not a "sight more heartless" than the reprint of his +_Opus_. + +SIGMA. + +Sunderland. + +[Footnote 2: In _Luc._ 10. tom. ii.: "Pigmi gigantum humeris impositi +plusquam ipsi gigantes vident."--_Preface_, p. 8.] + +_Dr. South_ v. _Goldsmith, Talleyrand, &c._ (Vol. vi., p. 575. Vol. vii., +p. 311.).--One authority has been overlooked by MR. BREEN, which seems as +likely as any to have given currency to the saying, viz. Dean Swift. In +_Gulliver's Travels_ (1727), Voyage to the Houyhnhnms, the hero gives the +king some information respecting British ministers of state, which I +apprehend in Swift's day was no exaggeration. The minister, Gulliver says, +"applies his words to all uses except to the indication of his mind." It +must be confessed, however, that this authority is some seven years after +Dr. South. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_Foucault's Experiment_ (Vol. vii., p. 330.).--The reality of the rotation, +and the cause assigned to it by Foucault in his experiment, is now admitted +without question by scientific men. But in measuring the amount of the +motion of the pendulum, so many disturbing causes were found to be at work, +that the numerical results have not been obtained as yet with exactness. +The best account is, perhaps, the original one in the _Comptes Rendus_. Mr. +Foucault has lately invented an instrument founded on a similar principle, +to find the latitude of a place. + +ELSNO. + +_Passage in "Locksley Hall"_ (Vol. vi., p. 272.; Vol. vii., pp. 25. +146.).--Of these three commentators neither appears to me to have hit +Tennyson's meaning, though CORYLUS has made the nearest shot. I ought to +set out by confessing that it was not originally clear to myself, but that +I could not for a monument doubt, when the following explanation was +suggested to me by a friend. The "curlews" themselves are the "dreary +gleams:" the words are what the Latin Grammar calls "duo substantiva +ejusdem rei." I take the meaning, in plain prose to be this: "The curlews +are uttering their peculiar cry, as they fly over Locksley Hall, looking +like (to me, the spectator) dreary gleams crossing the moorland." + +I could supply A. A. D. with several examples _in English_, from my +commonplace-book, of the "bold figure of speech not uncommon in the vivid +language of Greece;" and among the rest, one from Tennyson himself, to wit: + + "Now, scarce three paces measured from the mound, + We stumbled on a stationary _voice_," &c. + +But I doubt whether the poet had those passages in his thought, when he +penned the opening of his noble poem "Locksley Hall." Of course I do not +_know_, any more than A. A. D., and the rest; and I suppose we shall none +of us get any enlightenment "by authority." + +HARRY LEROY TEMPLE. + +_Lake of Geneva_ (Vol. vii. p. 406.).--The account given in the _Chronicle +of Marius_ of what is called "an earthquake or landslip in the valley of +the {510} Upper Rhone," is evidently that of a sudden _debacle_ destructive +of life and property, but not such as to effect any permanent change in the +configuration of the country. That an antiquary like Montfaucon should have +fallen into the blunder of supposing that the Lacus Lemanus was then +formed, may well excite surprise. The breadth of the new-formed lake, as +given by Marius, is impossible, as the mountains in the valley are scarcely +anywhere more than a mile apart. The valley of the Upper Rhone is liable to +such _debacles_, and one which would fill it might be called a lake, +although of short duration. Having witnessed the effects of the _debacle_ +of 1818 a few weeks after it happened, I can easily understand how such a +one as that described by Marius should have produced the effects attributed +to it, and yet have left no traces of its action after the lapse of +centuries. + +J. S. + +Athenaeum. + +_"Inter cuncta micans," &c._ (Vol. vi., p. 413.).--In a small work, _Lives +of Eminent Saxons_, part i. p. 104., the above lines are ascribed to +Aldhelm, and a translation by Mr. Boyd is subjoined. + +To Aldhelm also are attributed the lines so often alluded to in "N. & Q.," +"Roma tibi subito," &c. + +B. H. C. + +_"Its"_ (Vol. vi., p. 509.; Vol. vii., p. 160.).--As the proposer of the +question on this word, so kindly replied to by MR. KEIGHTLEY, may I give +two instances of its use from the Old Version of the Psalms? + + "Which in due season bringeth forth _its_ fruit abundantly."--Ps. i. 3. + + "Thou didst prepare first a place, and set _its_ roots so fast."--Ps. + lxxx. 10. + +The American _Bibliotheca Sacra_ for October 1851, p. 735., says (speaking +of the time when the authorised version of the Scriptures was executed), +"the genitive _its_ was not then in use;" which is disproved by the +quotations already given. + +B. H. C. + +_Gloves at Fairs_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--The custom of "hanging out the +glove at fair time," as described by E. G. R., is, in all probability, of +Chester origin. The annals of that city show that its two great annual +fairs were established, or rather confirmed, by a charter of Hugh Lupus, +the first Norman Earl of Chester, who granted to the abbot and convent of +St. Werburgh (now the cathedral) "the extraordinary privilege, that no +criminals resorting to their fairs at Chester should be arrested for any +crime whatever, except such as they might have committed during their stay +in the city." For several centuries, Chester was famous for the manufacture +of gloves; and in token thereof, it was the custom for some days before, +and during the continuance of the fair, to hang out from the town-hall, +then situate at the High Cross, their local emblem of commerce--a _glove_: +thereby proclaiming that non-freemen and strangers were permitted to trade +within the city, a privilege at all other times enjoyed by the citizens +only. During this period of temporary "free trade," debtors were safe from +the tender mercies of their creditors, and free from the visits of the +sheriff's officer and his satellites. On the removal of the town-hall to +another part of the city, the leathern symbol of "unrestricted competition" +was suspended, at the appointed season, from the roof of St. Peter's +Church; until that reckless foe to antiquity, the Reform Bill, aimed a +heavy blow at all our prescriptive rights and privileges, and decreed that +the stranger should be henceforth on a footing with the freeborn citizen. +Notwithstanding this, the authorities of the city still continued to "hang +out their banner on the outward walls;" and it is only within the last ten +years that the time-honoured custom has ceased to exist. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +_Astronomical Query_ (Vol. vii., p.84.).--Your fair correspondent LEONORA +makes a mistake in reference to the position, in regard to the zodiac, of +the newly-discovered planets. It is indeed not at all surprising that these +bodies were not discovered before, for this reason--they _do not move +within the circle of the zodiac_: they lie far beyond it, so much so, that +to include them the zodiac must be expanded to at least five times its +present breadth. Hence they lie out of the path of ordinary observation, +and their discovery is usually the result of keen telescopic examination of +distant parts of the heavens. LEONORA is of course aware, that, with the +exception of Neptune (the discovery of which is a peculiar case), all the +recently discovered planets belong to the cluster of asteroids which move +between Mars and Jupiter. These are all invisible to the eye with the +exception of Vesta, and she is not to be distinguished by any but an +experienced star-gazer, and under most favourable circumstances; their +minuteness, their _extra_-zodiacal position, and the outrageous orbits +which they describe, all conspire to keep them out of human ken until they +are detected by the telescope, and ascertained to be planets either by +their optical appearances, or by a course of watching and comparison of +their positions with catalogues of the fixed stars. + +SHIRLEY HIBBERD. + +_Tortoiseshell Tom Cat_ (Vol. v., p. 465.; Vol. vii., p. 271.).--See Hone's +_Year Book_, p. 728. + +ZEUS. + +_Sizain on the Pope, the Devil, and the Pretender_ (Vol. vii., p. +270.).--This is given as one of the prize epigrams in the _Gentleman's +Magazine_ for 1735, vol. v. p. 157. + +ZEUS. {511} + +_Wandering Jew_ (Vol. vii., p. 261.).--Your correspondent will find an +account of the Wandering Jew prefixed to "Le Juif errant," the 3ieme +livraison of _Chants et Chansons Populaires de la France_. + +THOS. LAWRENCE. + +Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + +The earliest account of this legend is in Roger of Wendover, under the year +1228: _De Joseph, qui ultimum Christi adventum adhuc vivus exspectat_, vol. +iv. p. 176. of the Historical Society's edition, vol. ii. p. 512. of Bohn's +Translation: see also Brand's _Popular Antiquities_, vol iii. p. 360., +Bohn's edition. + +ZEUS. + +_Hallett and Dr. Saxby_ (Vol. vii., p. 41.).--I know nothing of the +parties, but have the book about which S. R. inquires. The title is not +accurately given in the _Literary Journal_. Instead of "An Ode to Virtue," +by Dr. Morris Saxby, it is _An Ode on Virtue by a Young Author, dedicated +to Dr. William Saxby; with a Preface and Notes, Critical and Explanatory, +by a Friend_--"Mens sibi conscia recti"--A good intention. Printed anno +Domini MDCCXCI, pp. 16. + +A more stupid production could not easily be found; but, as it must be +scarce, if the story about the destruction of all but eight copies is true, +I transcribe a part of the dedication: + + "Most August Doctor, + + "The reputation you have acquired by professional merit, with the + respect which is universally shown to you on account of your practical + observance of moral philosophy, has induced me to select you as a + protector of the following work; which being evidently intended to + promote a cause for which you was always a zealous advocate, I have + nourished the most flattering hopes that you will be rather pleased + than offended by this unwarrantable presumption. + + "It is necessary I should deviate from the general rule of celebrating + a patron's virtues in a high strain of panegyric, being sensible how + generally yours are known, and how justly admired."--P. 3. + +The ode contains only ten lines: + + "Virtue, a mere chimera amongst the fair, + Is now quite vanquished into air; + Formerly it was thought a thing of worth, + But now who thinks of such poor stuff. + It's only put on to deceive, + That us poor mortals on them may crave; + Fall down and swear their beauty far + Surpasses what are ever saw! + Then they who think all's true that's said," &c. + +I omit the final line as unseemly. + +Dr. Saxby is mentioned only on the title-page, and that part of the +dedication which I have copied. He must have been a sensitive man to have +felt such an attack, and a prompt one to settle his account with the author +so quickly. As it is obvious that the ode was published solely to annoy +him, we may be allowed to hope that in the "severe personal chastisement" +he was not sparing of whipcord. The absence of place of publication and +printer's name render inquiry difficult; and there is no indication as to +whether Dr. Saxby was of Divinity, Law, or Physic. + +H. B. C. + +U. U. Club. + +_"My mind to me a kingdom is"_ (Vol. i., pp. 302. 489.; Vol. vi., pp. 555. +615.).--The idea is Shakspeare's (Third Part of _Hen. VI._): + + "_Keeper._ Ay, but thou talk'st as if thou wert a king. + _K. Henry._ Why, so I am in mind; and that's enough." + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_Claret_ (Vol. vii., p. 237.).--The word claret seems to me to be the same +as the French word _clairet_, both adjective and substantive; as a +substantive it means a low and cheap sort of _claret_, sold in France, and +drawn from the barrel like beer in England; as an adjective it is a +diminutive of _clair_, and implies that the wine is transparent. + +JOHN LAMMENS. + +Manchester. + +_Suicide at Marseilles_ (Vol. vii., pp. 180. 316.).--The original authority +for the custom at Marseilles, of keeping poison at the public expense for +the accommodation of all who could give the senate satisfactory reasons for +committing suicide, is Valerius Maximus, lib. ii. cap. vi. Sec. 7. + +ZEUS. + +_Etymology of Slang_ (Vol. vii., p. 331.).-- + + "SLANGS are the greaves with which the legs of convicts are fettered, + having acquired that name from the manner in which they were worn, as + they required a sling of string to keep them off the ground.... The + irons were the _slangs_; and the slang-wearer's language was of course + slangous, as partaking much if not wholly of the + _slang_."--_Sportsman's Slang, a New Dictionary and Varieties of Life_, + by John Bee: Preface, p. 5. + +ZEUS. + +_Scanderbeg's Sword_ (Vol. vii., pp. 35. 143.).--The proverb, "Scanderbeg's +sword must have Scanderbeg's arm," is founded on the following story: + + "George Castriot, Prince of Albania, one of the strongest and + valiantest men that lived these two hundred yeares, had a cimeter, + which Mahomet the Turkish Emperor, his mortall enemy, desired to see. + Castriot (surnamed of the Turks, Ischenderbeg, that is, Great + Alexander, because of his valiantnesse), having received a pledge for + the restitution of his cimeter, sent it so far as Constantinople to + Mahomet, in whose court there was not any man found that could with any + ease wield that piece of steele: so that Mahomet sending it back + againe, enioyned the messenger to tell the prince, that in this action + he kind proceeded enemy-like, and with a fraudulent mind, sending a + counterfeit cimeter {512} to make his enemie afraid. Ischenderbeg writ + back to him, that he had simply without fraud or guile sent him his + owne cimeter, with the which he used to helpe himselfe couragiously in + the wars; but that he had not sent him the hand and the arme which with + the cimeter cleft the Turkes in two, struck off their heads, shoulders, + legs, and other parts, yea, sliced them of by the wast; and that verie + shortly he would show him a fresh proofe thereof; which afterwards he + performed."--_Historical Meditations from the Latin of P. Camerarius_, + by John Molle, Esquire, 1621, book iv. Cap. xvi. p. 299. + +The following, relating to the arm and sword of Scanderbeg, may perhaps not +inappropriately be added, although not connected with the proverb: + + "Marinus Barletius (lib. i.) reports of Scanderbeg, Prince of Epirus + (that most terrible enemy of the Turks), that, from his mother's womb, + he brought with him into the world a notable mark of warlike glory: for + he had upon his right arm a sword, so well set on, as if it had been + drawn with the pencil of the most curious and skilful painter in the + world."--Wanley's _Wonders of the Little World_, 1678, book i. cap. + vii. + +ZEUS. + +_Arago on the Weather_ (Vol. vii., p. 40.).--ELSNO will find extracts from +Arago's papers in the _Pictorial Almanack_, 1847, p. 30., and in the _Civil +Engineer and Architects' Journal_, which volume I cannot say, but I think +that for 1847. Also in the _Monthly Chronicle_, vol. i. p. 60., and vol. +ii. p. 209.; the annals of the _Bureau des Longitudes_ for 1834 and the +_Annuaire_ for 1833. + +SHIRLEY HIBBERD. + +_Rathe_ (Vol. vii., p. 392.).--MR. CROSSLEY is, I believe, mistaken in his +derivation of the word _rathe_ from the Celtic _raithe_, signifying +inclination, although _rather_ seems indisputably to belong to it. _Rathe_ +is, I believe, identical with the Saxon adjective _raetha_, signifying +early. Chaucer's-- + + "What aileth you so _rathe_ for to arise," + +has been already quoted as bearing this meaning. Milton, in Lycidas, has-- + + "Bring the _rathe_ primrose that forsaken dies." + +In a pastoral, called a "Palinode," by E. B., probably Edmond Bolton, in +England's _Helicon_, edit. 1614, occurs: + + "And make the _rathe_ and timely primrose grow." + +And we have "_rathe_ and late," in a pastoral in Davidson's _Poems_, 4th +edit., London, 1621. + +_Rathe_ is a word still in use in the Weald of Sussex, where Saxon still +lingers in the dialect of the common people; and a _rathe_, instead of an +early spring, is spoken of; and a species of early apple is known as the +_Rathe_-ripe. + +ANON. + +_Carr Pedigree_ (Vol. vii., p. 408.).--The pedigree description of Lady +Carr is "Gresil, daughter of Sir Robert Meredyth, Knt., Chancellor of the +Exchequer in Ireland." Sir George Carr died Feb. 13, 1662-3, and was buried +in Dublin. His sons were 1, Thomas, and 2, William; and a daughter Mary, +who married 1st, Dr. Thomas Margetson (son to the Archbishop of Armagh); +and 2ndly, Dr. Michael Ward. The pedigree is continued through Thomas the +eldest son, who was the father of the Bishop of Killaloe. It does not +appear that William left any issue. His wife's name was Elizabeth, daughter +of Edward Sing, D.D., Lord Bishop of Cork. + +W. ST. + +_Banbury Cakes_ (Vol. vii., p. 106.).--In _A Treatise of Melancholy_, by T. +Bright, doctor of physic, and published in 1586, I find the following: + + "Sodden wheat is of a grosse and melancholicke nourishment, and bread + especially of the fine flower unleavened: of this sort are bag-puddings + or pan-puddings made with flour, frittars, pancakes, such as we call + _Banberie cakes_, and those great ones confected with butter, eggs, + &c., used at weddings; and howsoever it be prepared, rye and bread made + thereof carrieth with it plentie of melancholie." + +H. A. B. + +_Detached Belfry Towers_ (Vol. vii., pp. 333. 416. 465.).--To your already +extensive list of church towers separate from the church, Launceston +Church, Cornwall, and St. John's Church, Chester, may not unfittingly be +added. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +Elstow, Bedfordshire, is an instance of a bell tower separated from the +body of the church. + +B. H. C. + +_Dates on Tombstones_ (Vol. vii., p. 331.).--A correspondent asks for +instances of dates on tombstones prior to 1601. I cannot give any, but I +can refer to some slabs lying upon the ground in a churchyard near Oundle +(Tausor if I remember aright), on which appear in relief recumbent figures +with the hands upon the breast, crossed, or in the attitude of prayer. +These are of a much earlier date, and I should be much pleased to know if +many or any such instances elsewhere occur. + +B. H. C. + +_Subterranean Bells_ (Vol. vii., pp. 128. 328.).--Bells under ground and +under water, so often referred to, remind me of the Oundle Drumming Well, +which I remember seeing when a child. There is a legend connected with it +which I heard, but cannot accurately recollect. The well itself is referred +to in Brand, vol. ii. p. 369. (Bohn's ed.), but the legend is not given. + +B. H. C. + +_Mistletoe in Ireland_ (Vol. ii., p. 270.).--I have just received, in full +blossom, a very fine spray from a luxuriant plant of this parasite growing +on an apple tree in the gardens of Farmley, the seat of William Lloyd +Flood, Esq., in the county of Kilkenny. This plant of mistletoe has existed +at {513} Farmley beyond the memory of the present generation; but Mr. +Flood's impression, communicated to me, is, that it was artificially +produced from seed by some former gardener. If natural, which _may_ be the +case, this instance of its occurrence in Ireland is, I believe, unique. + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny. + +_Stars and Flowers_ (Vol. iv., p. 22.; Vol. vii., p. 151. 341.).--Passages +illustrative of this similitude have been quoted from Cowley, Longfellow, +Hood, and Moir. The metaphor is also made use of by Darwin, in his _Loves +of the Plants_: + + "Roll on, ye stars! exult in youthful prime, + Mark with bright curves the printless steps of time; + _Flowers of the sky!_ ye, too, to age must yield, + Frail as your silken sisters of the field." + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_The Painting by Fuseli_ (Vol. vii., p. 453.).--The picture by the late +Henry Fuseli, R.A., inquired after by MR. SANSOM, is in the collection at +Sir John Soane's Museum; it was purchased by him in 1802. + +It was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1780, and is thus entered in the +Catalogue of that year: + + "No. 77. Ezzelin Bracciaferro musing over Meduna, destroyed by him, for + disloyalty, during his absence in the Holy Land. _Fuseli._" + +There is an engraving of the picture in _Essays on Physiognomy_, by J. C. +Lavater, translated from the French by Henry Hunter, D.D., 4to.: London, +1789. The _second_ volume, p. 294. + +The inscription under that engraving, by Holloway, is as follows: + + "Ezzelin, Count of Ravenna, surnamed Bracciaferro or Iron Arm, musing + over the body of Meduna; slain by him, for infidelity, during his + absence in the Holy Land." + +GEORGE BAILEY. + +The subject of your correspondent J. SANSOM'S inquiry is in the Soane +Museum, Lincoln's Inn Fields. Search among the Italian story-tellers will +not discover the origin of the picture of Count Ezzelin's remorse: it +sprung from that fertile source of fearful images--Henry Fuseli's brain. +The work might well have been left without a name, but for the requirements +of the Royal Academy Catalogue, and, it must be added, Fuseli's desire to +mystify the Italian as well as the other scholars of his day. + +For confirmation of the correctness of these statements, I refer your +correspondent to the _Life of Fuseli_ by Knowles, and to that by Cunningham +in the _Lives of the British Painters_. + +R. F., Jun. + +_"Navita Erythraeum"_ (Vol. vii., p. 382.).--Since I requested a reference +to these lines, I have possessed myself of a very elaborate Latin work on +_Bells_, in two vols. 8vo., published at Rome, 1822, by Alexander +Lazzarinus, _De Vario Tintinnabulorum usu apud veteres Hebraeos et +Ethnicos_: wherein, in a section on the effect of the sound of bells on +different animals, he quotes those very lines from "Cornelius Kilianus +Dufflaeus in suis poematibus." + +I shall now be thankful to be told something about the said Dufflaeus,--who +and what he was,--when and where he lived? + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + +Rectory, Clyst St. George. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +The success which has attended _The Chronological New Testament_ has +encouraged the publisher of that most useful work to undertake an edition +of the entire Scriptures on a similar plan; and we have now before us the +First Part of _The English Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments +according to the authorised Version: newly divided into Paragraphs, with +concise Introductions to the several Books; and with Maps and Notes +illustrative of the Chronology, History, and Geography of the Holy +Scriptures; containing also the most remarkable Variations of the ancient +Versions, and the chief Results of modern Criticism_. Even this ample +title-page does not, however, point out the many helps towards a better +understanding of the Word of God, which, by improvements in its division +and typographical arrangement, are here furnished for the use of the devout +student: and which has this great recommendation in our eyes, as we have no +doubt it will be its greatest in that of many of our readers, that it is no +endeavour to furnish a new translation, but only an attempt to turn our +noble authorised version to the best account. The present Part completes +the Book of Genesis, and we have little doubt that its success will be such +as to secure for the publisher that patronage which will enable him to +complete so desirable a work as his "_New Edition of the authorised Version +of the Bible_." While on this subject, we may fitly call attention to the +eighth number of _The Museum of Classical Antiquities: a Quarterly Journal +of Ancient Art_, and its accompanying _Supplement_, both of which are +entirely occupied with a question which, from its connexion with our +holiest and most religious feelings, must always command our deepest +attention,--namely, the true site of Calvary, and of the Holy Sepulchre. +The question is discussed at considerable length, and with great learning +and acuteness; and, we trust, from its generally interesting character, may +have the effect of drawing attention to a journal which deserves the +patronage of scholars to a greater extent than, from the prefatory notice, +it would appear to have received up to the present time. + +The Second Part of _The Ulster Journal of Archaeology_ has just appeared. We +cannot better recommend it to our antiquarian friends than by pointing out +that it contains the following papers:--1. Metropolitan Visitation of the +Diocese of Derry, A.D. 1397. 2. Iona. 3. Anglo-Norman Families of Lecale, +County Down. {514} 4. Ogham Inscriptions. 5. Irish Surnames, their past and +present Forms. 6. The Island of Tory in the Pagan Period. 7. Origin and +Characteristics of the People in the Counties of Down and Antrim. 8. King +William's Progress to the Boyne. 9. Antiquarian Notes and Queries. 10. +Annals of Ulster. + +We ought, in the same way, to specify the various papers to be found in the +recently-published _Reports and Papers read at the Meetings of the +Architectural Society of the Archdeaconry of Northampton and the Counties +of York and Lincoln; and of the Architectural and Archaeological Society of +the County of Bedford during the Year 1852_,--but such a course is +obviously impossible. There is one paper in the volume which, as especially +worthy the attention of those interested in our Ecclesiastical History, +deserves to be particularly noticed, namely, the Rev. G. A. Poole's +_Synchronological Table of the Bishops of the English Sees from the Year +1050 to 1550_. How much good service might be done to Historical Literature +by the compilation and printing of many documents of a similar character! + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +SCOTT, REMARKS ON THE BEST WRITINGS OF THE BEST AUTHORS (or some such +title). + +SERMONS BY THE REV. ROBERT WAKE, M.A. 1704, 1712, &c. + +HISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, by SIR R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts. + +REV. A. DYCE'S EDITION OF DR. RICHARD BENTLEY'S WORKS. Vol. III. Published +by Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, Holborn. 1836. + +DISSERTATION ON ISAIAH XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, ESQ., by SAMUEL +LORD BISHOP OF ROCHESTER (HORSLEY). The Quarto Edition, printed for Robson. +1779. + +BEN JONSON'S WORKS. 9 Vols. 8vo. Vols. II., III., IV. Bds. + +SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOVELS. 41 Vols. 8vo. The last nine Vols. Boards. + +JACOB'S ENGLISH PEERAGE. Folio Edition, 1766. Vols. 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By SAMUEL WELLER SINGER. + +London: Published by WM. PICKERING. + + * * * * * + + +Just published in 4to. price 22s. cloth, + +CATALOGI CODICUM MANUSCRIPTORUM BIBLIOTHECAE BODLEIANAE--PARS PRIMA +RECENSIONEM CODICUM GRAECORUM continens, confecit H. O. COXE, A.M., +Hypo-Bibliothecarius. + +Oxonii.: Typographeo Academico. Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 377. +Strand, London; and GARDNER, 7. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + + +TO PARENTS, GUARDIANS, RESIDENTS IN INDIA, &c.--A Lady residing within an +hour's drive westward of Hyde Park, and in a most healthy and cheerful +situation, is desirous of taking the entire charge of a little girl, to +share with her only child (about a year and a half old) her maternal care +and affection, together with the strictest attention to mental training. +Terms, including every possible expense except medical attendance, 100l. +per annum. If required, the most unexceptionable references can be +furnished. + +Address to T. B. S., care of MR. 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The former edition contained 150 pages. +Those who have, and likewise those who may be pleased to purchase the Work, +can obtain at the publishers, free of charge, a Supplement containing some +additions and corrections, and also high Commendations of the Work, which +have been extracted from various Reviews and Periodicals. + +Published by J. H. PARKER, 377. Strand, London; and J. GRAINGER, 18. +Foregate, Worcester. + + * * * * * + + +This day is published in 8vo., pp. 542, price 12s. 6d. + +HISTORY of the BYZANTINE EMPIRE, from DCCXVI. to MLVII. By GEORGE FINLAY, +Esq., Honorary Member of the Royal Society of Literature. + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London; + +Who have lately published, by the same Author, + +GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS: a Historical View of the Greek Nation, from the +time of its Conquest by the Romans until the Extinction of the Roman Empire +in the East, B.C. 146-A.D. 717, 8vo., pp. 554, price 16s. + +HISTORY OF GREECE, from its Conquest by the Crusaders to its Conquest by +the Turks, and of the EMPIRE OF TREBIZOND, 1204-1461, 8vo., pp. 520, price +12s. {515} + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for the delicacy of detail rival the +choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their +Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. 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PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + +_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._ + + * * * * * + + +The Twenty-eighth Edition. + +NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on +the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means +of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by +DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from +the Author for Five Penny Stamps. + +"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the +careful perusal of our invalid readers."--_John Bull Newspaper, June 5, +1852._ + + * * * * * + + +PULLEYN'S COMPENDIUM. +One Volume, crown 8vo., bound in cloth, price 6s., + +THE ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM: or, PORTFOLIO OF ORIGINS AND INVENTIONS; +relating to-- + + Language, Literature, and Government. + Architecture and Sculpture. + Drama, Music, Painting, and Scientific Discoveries. + Articles of Dress, &c. + Titles, Dignities, &c. + Names, Trades, Professions. + Parliament, Laws, &c. + Universities and Religious Sects. + Epithets and Phrases. + Remarkable Customs. + Games, Field Sports. + Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week. + Remarkable Localities, &c. &c. + +By WILLIAM PULLEYN. + +The Third Edition, revised and improved, by MERTON A. THOMS, ESQ. + +London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO., 85 Queen Street, Cheapside. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of +the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his +practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection +of Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve +the sight to extreme old age. + +ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the +Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so +constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface +of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a +telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than +could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on +application to + +WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + +_Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + W. 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By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +CITY OF LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 2. Royal Exchange Buildings, London. + +Subscribed Capital, a Quarter of a Million. + + _Trustees._ + Mr. Commissioner West, Leeds. + The Hon. W. F. Campbell, Stratheden House. + John Thomas, Esq., Bishop's Stortford. + + * * * * * + +This Society embraces every advantage of existing Life Offices, viz. the +Mutual System without its risks of liabilities: the Proprietary, with its +security, simplicity, and economy: the Accumulative System, introduced by +this Society, uniting life with the convenience of a deposit bank: +Self-Protecting Policies, also introduced by this Society, embracing by one +policy and one rate of premium a Life Assurance, an Endowment, and a +Deferred Annuity. No forfeiture. Loans with commensurate Assurances. Bonus +recently declared, 20 per Cent. + +EDW. FRED. LEEKS, Secretary. {516} + + * * * * * + + +NEW WORKS + +PUBLISHED BY + +ADDEY & CO., 21. OLD BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + +In One Volume, post 8vo., price 10s. 6d. cloth, + +AUSTRALIA VISITED AND REVISITED: + +A Narrative of recent Travels and old Experiences in the Golden, Pastoral, +and Agricultural Districts of Victoria and New South Wales. + +By SAMUEL MOSSMAN, Author of "The Gold Regions of Australia," &c. and +THOMAS BANISTER, Author of "England and her Dependencies," &c. + +With Maps by A. K. JOHNSTON, Geographer to Her Majesty. + + "The narrative is of a truthful, matter-of-fact character. The writers + tell us what they saw, with little if any colouring or exaggeration. + Wherever there is any interest in the things themselves, it is + preserved in the book, whether it relates to the appearance of the + gold-diggings and the diggers or their mode of life--to the places + frequently depopulated of _men_ by the gold fever pervading the + colonies, to the night bivouac of quiet people to avoid the close + atmosphere and riotous companions at the roadside inns from the crowds + rushing to or returning from the diggings, or to many other more + permanent scenes of still or animated life. With the actual are mingled + remarks on Australia, and advice to emigrants, the latter of which is + of a judicious kind."--_Spectator._ + + "The authors of this compact volume have well worked out the purpose + they had in view, as put forth in the preface, making the book a real + book, indulging in no flights of imagination lest injury should be + inflicted thereby upon the uninformed and ingenuous.... This + straightforward and eminently practical book."--_Lloyd's Weekly News._ + + * * * * * + +In fcap. 4to., printed and bound in the style of the period, price 21s., or +in morocco, 36s. + +THE DIARY AND HOURES OF THE LADYE ADOLIE, + +A FAYTHFULLE CHILDE, 1552. + +Edited by the LADY CHARLOTTE PEPYS. + + "This work resembles several productions of the last few years. The + Diary professes to be written by a noble young lady of the sixteenth + century. 'Lady Adolie' has an advantage over most of its precursors in + the greater depth and variety of the incidents. The Journal begins just + before the accession of Bloody Mary, and ends with the martyrdom of the + youthful writer at Smithfield.... The book is charmingly written; the + kindly, simple, loving spirit of a girl in her teens, thrown much upon + her own resources, is truthfully depicted, as well as the firm piety of + that age."--_Spectator._ + + "The familiar conversation of the day, as sought to be reproduced in + this Diary, wears an appearance of singular truthfulness, and whether + the topic be the deathbed of good King Edward, the merits of Somerset, + Ladye Jane Grey, her Grace the Ladye Elysabeth, the Queen herself, or + the demeanour of her Spanish husband, the proceedings of Cardinal Pole, + the doings at the Tower prison, the volume reflects as in a faithful + mirror the opinions current in the national mind."--_Globe._ + + * * * * * + +BY THE AUTHOR OF "CHILD'S PLAY." + +In medium 4to., handsomely bound, price 15s. + +A CHILDREN'S SUMMER. + +Eleven Etchings on Steel by E. U. B. + +ILLUSTRATED IN PROSE AND RHYME BY M. L. B. & W. M. C. + +India Proofs on Large Paper, in Portfolio, price 31s. 6d. + + "What cordial admiration, what honest unaffected praise, have we to + bestow on these etchings! Never did we see a more perfect harmony + expressed throughout between accomplishment and grace of hand and moral + beauty of mind. Not the most faultless of mere correctness of drawing + could have the effect which these etchings produce. Within outlines + imperfect as we have described them, often the most exalted fancies are + found. The arrangement is almost always excellent--than the groupings + of the figures, and the composition of each scene, nothing for the most + part can be better. And the beautiful sympathy with children that is + displayed, the enjoyment in their joy, their gay sports their tender + little thoughtful gravities and their innocent purity of affection + which brings round them the thoughts of angels--all this has most + delightful expression in 'A Children's Summer.'"--_Examiner._ + + * * * * * + +In Two Vols. crown 8vo., price 12s., elegantly bound in cloth, gilt, + +GRIMM'S HOUSEHOLD STORIES. + +COMPLETE EDITION. + +The celebrated Stories of the Brothers Grimm. + +Embellished with 200 small and 36 full-page Illustrations by E. H. WEHNERT. + + "From time to time we have noticed the periodical appearances of this + edition of the famous book of the Brothers Grimm, and have only now to + mention the fact of its completion into two compact, well-filled + volumes. The translation is done in just the simple, homely way which + suits best with the stories.... Every juvenile library should possess + this excellent 'Grimm.'"--_Examiner._ + + "The two volumes of 'Household Stories,' translated from the Messrs. + Grimm, are the completed form of an edition which was issued in + numbers, and which has from time to time been mentioned by us as in + course of publication. What with Mr. Wehnert's admirable illustrations + (of which the number is almost countless) and the general elegance of + production, the work now presents an appearance sufficiently seductive + to the juvenile class of readers, to whom it is more particularly + addressed."--_Athenaeum._ + + "We cannot again avoid alluding to Mr. Wehnert's illustrations to + 'Grimm.' They are instinct with the most vital spirit of German + legendary romance--remote, unreal, grotesque, and suggestive; with + strange bits of landscape and beautiful human faces (those of the + children remarkably so), and with a singular absence of strong contrast + of light and shade, as though the sun which shone upon them was not the + same which shines upon this earth."--_Athenaeum_, second notice. + + "The stories are delightful."--_Leader._ + + * * * * * + +In 8vo., handsomely bound in cloth gilt, price 5s., the First Volume of + +THE CHARM: + +A BOOK FOR BOYS AND GIRLS. + +THE CONTRIBUTIONS BY MRS. HARRIET MYRTLE, ALFRED ELWES, J. H. PEPPER, +FREDERICA GRAHAM, CLARA DE CHATELAIN, &c. + +Embellished with more than One Hundred Illustrations by LEJEUNE, KAULBACH, +WEIR, WEHNERT, ABSOLON, SKILL, &c. &c. + +_The Work is continued in Monthly Numbers, price Sixpence each._ + + "A word in praise of the charming periodical for children, 'The Charm,' + which is more eagerly looked for by several youngsters we know than + "Bleak House' is by their parents."--_Leader._ + + "Children, we find, love this periodical."--_Critic._ + + "'The Charm' is an excellent monthly periodical, full of pleasant + stories and engravings."--_Atlas._ + + "An attractive and well-varied book."--_Spectator._ + + "'The Charm,' a book for boys and girls, is the completed volume, + handsomely bound, of a book which has been appearing in monthly numbers + during the year, and in which form we have several times noticed it + with warm approval. It is full of interesting matter to read, and + adorned with upwards of one hundred engravings, of admirable execution, + illustrative of natural history, topography, juvenile science, + costumes, and sports, drawn by the best artist."--_Critic._ + + * * * * * + +WITH FIVE HUNDRED PICTURES. + +Large 4to., 6s. in elegant Picture Binding, by LUKE LIMNER, a New Edition +of + +THE PICTURE PLEASURE BOOK; + +CONTAINING FIVE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE MOST EMINENT ARTISTS. + +An Edition is also published mounted on cloth, price 12s. + + "'The Picture Pleasure Book' is really the child's joy, for it gives + him large folio pages full of woodcuts, executed in the best style of + art, teaching him natural history, educating his eye to good drawing + and graceful form, and telling stories in pictures. It is an admirable + design, and no house that holds children should be without + it."--_Critic._ + + * * * * * + +LONDON: ADDEY AND CO., 21. OLD BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10 Stonefield Street, in the Parish of +St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, May 21. +1853. + +Corrections made to printed original. + +p501. "the birth of Antonius Stradivarius" - "Autonius" in original + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 186, May 21, +1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20409.txt or 20409.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/4/0/20409/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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