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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/20409-8.txt b/20409-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e6567df --- /dev/null +++ b/20409-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3484 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 186, May 21, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 186, May 21, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 21, 2007 [EBook #20409] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + +{493} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 186.] +Saturday, May 21, 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Lord Bacon's "Advancement of Learning" 493 + Erection of Forts at Michnee and Pylos, by C. Forbes 495 + Hoveden's Annals: Bohn's "Antiquarian Library," by + James Graves 495 + FOLK LORE:--Raven Superstition--African Folk Lore + --Funeral Custom 496 + Shakspeare Readings, No. VII. 496 + MINOR NOTES:--Portrait of Luther--Randle Wilbraham + --Unpublished Epigram by Sir W. Scott--Crassus' + Saying 498 + + QUERIES:-- + Bees and the Sphynx atropos, by Sydney Smirke 499 + "The Craftsman's Apology," by James Crossley 499 + Palissy and Cardinal Wiseman 499 + MINOR QUERIES:--Polidus--St. Paul's Epistles to + Seneca--Meaning of "folowed"--Roman Catholic + Registers--St. Alban's Day--Meigham, the London + Printer--Adamsoniana--Canker or Brier Rose-- + "Short red, god red"--Overseers of Wills--Lepel's + Regiment--Vincent Family--Passage in the First + Part of Faust--Lady Anne Gray--Continental Brasses + --Peter Beaver--Cremonas--Cranmer and Calvin 499 + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--"A Letter to a Convocation + Man"--Prester John--Homer's Iliad in a + Nut--Monogram of Parker Society--The Five Alls-- + Corvizer 502 + + REPLIES:-- + English Comedians in Germany 503 + A Gentleman executed for whipping a Slave to Death, + by Henry H. Breen 503 + Longevity 504 + Derivation of Canada, by Robert Wright 504 + Setantiorum Portus 505 + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Stereoscopic Queries + --Photographic Portraits of Criminals, &c.--Photography + applied to Catalogues of Books--Application + of Photography to the Microscope 505 + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Discovery At Nuneham + Regis--Eulenspiegel, or Howleglas--Parochial Libraries + --Painter--Pepys's "Morena"--Pylades and + Corinna--Judge Smith--Grindle--Simile of the Soul + and the Magnetic Needle--English Bishops deprived + by Queen Elizabeth--Borrowed Thoughts--Dr. South + _v._ Goldsmith, Talleyrand, &c.--Foucault's Experiment + --Passage in "Locksley Hall"--Lake of + Geneva--"Inter cuncta micans"--"Its"--Gloves + at Fairs--Astronomical Query--Tortoiseshell Tom + Cat--Sizain on the Pope, the Devil, and the Pretender + --Wandering Jew--Hallett and Dr. Saxby-- + "My mind to me a kingdom is"--Claret--Suicide at + Marseilles--Etymology of Slang--Scanderbeg's Sword + --Arago on the Weather--Rathe--Carr Pedigree-- + Banbury Cakes--Detached Belfry Towers, &c. 507 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c. 513 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 514 + Notices to Correspondents 514 + Advertisements 514 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +LORD BACON'S "ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING." + +Considering the large number of quotations from previous writers which +occur in Lord Bacon's works, and especially in his most popular and +generally read works--his _Essays_ and his _Advancement of Learning_--it is +remarkable how little his editors have done for the illustration of his +text in this respect. The French editors of Montaigne's _Essays_, who is +likewise a writer abounding in quotations, have bestowed much care on this +portion of their author's text. The defect in question has, however, been +to a great extent supplied in a recent edition of the _Advancement of +Learning_, published by Mr. Parker in West Strand; and it is to be hoped +that the beginning, so usefully made, may be followed up by similar +editions of other of Bacon's works. + +The edition in question, though it traces the great majority of Bacon's +quotations, has left some gleanings to its successors; and I propose now to +call attention to a few passages of the _Advancement of Learning_ which, +after the labours of the late editor, seem still to require further +elucidation. My references are to the pages of the new edition:-- + + P. 25. "Then grew the flowing and watery vein of Osorius the Portugal + bishop to be in price." + +The editor prints _Orosius_ for _Osorius_, and adds this note: + + "All the editions have _Osorius_, which, however, must be a mere + misprint. He was not a Portuguese, but a Spaniard, born at Tarragona, + nor indeed ever a bishop. He was sent by St. Augustine on a mission to + Jerusalem, and is supposed to have died in Africa in the earlier part + of the fifth century." + +The text of Bacon is quite right. The allusion is not to Paulus Orosius, a +Spaniard, who flourished at the beginning of the fifth century; but to +Jerome Osorio, who was born at Lisbon in 1506, afterwards became Bishop of +Silves, and died in 1580. His works were published at Rome in 1592, in 4 +vols. folio. His principal work, _De rebus Emanuelis Virtute et Auspicio +gestis_, which first appeared in 1571, was several times reprinted, and was +translated into French and English. {494} + + P. 31. "Time, which is the author of authors." + +In _Nov. Org._, i. 84., Time is called "Auctor auctorum, atque adeo omnis +auctoritatis." + + P. 34. "But of these conceits Aristotle speaketh seriously and wisely, + when he saith, 'Qui respiciunt ad pauca de facili pronunciant." + +The editor does not attempt to trace this passage. Query, If it is not in +Aristotle, where is it to be found? + + P. 60. "Ulysses, 'Qui vetulam prætulit immortalitati' is a figure of + those which prefer custom and habit before all excellency." + +The editor refers to _Cic. de Orat._, i. 44., where it is said that such is +the love of country, + + "Ut Ithacam illam, in asperrimis saxulis, tanquam nidulum, affixam, + sapientissimus vir immortalitati anteponeret." + +Another application of the saying is made by Bacon in his Essay VIII., "On +Marriage and Single Life:" + + "Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly + loving husbands, as was said of Ulysses, 'vetulam suam prætulit + immortalitati.'" + +The passage in Cicero does not agree with the dictum quoted by Bacon, which +seems to be a reference to the _Odyssey_, v. 136. 208-10. + + P. 62. "Claudus in vià antevertit cursorem extra viam." + +The same proverb is quoted in _Nov. Org._, i. 61. + + P. 85. "Omnia mutantur, nil interit"-- + +from Ovid, _Met._, xv. 165. + +Several passages are cited by Bacon from Seneca, which the editor does not +trace. Thus, in p. 146., it is said,-- + + "Nocet illis eloquentia, quibus non rerum cupiditatem facit, sed sui." + +Page 147.,-- + + "Vere magnum habere fragilitatem hominis, securitatem Dei." + +The same passage is also quoted by Bacon in Essay V., "On Adversity," and +in the treatise _De Sap. Vet._, vol. x. p. 343., edit. Montagu. + +Again, p. 159.: + + "De partibus vitæ quisque deliberat, de summâ nemo." + +Page 152.,-- + + "Cogita quamdiu eadem feceris," &c., + +repeated in part in the "Essay on Death." + +This last passage is taken, with considerable verbal variations, from +Epist. 77. § 6. + + "Therefore Aristotle, when he thinks to tax Democritus, doth in truth + commend him, where he saith, _If we shall indeed dispute, and not + follow after similitudes_," &c. + +The passage referred to is in _Eth. Nic._, vi. 3.; but it contains no +allusion to Democritus, who is not even named in the _Ethics_; and the word +which Bacon renders _dispute_ ([Greek: akribologeisthai]) means _to speak +with precision_. + + P. 163. "For as the ancient politiques in popular states were wont to + compare the people to the sea, and the orators to the winds." + +The allusion is to a couplet of Solon: + + "[Greek: ex anemôn de thalassa tarassetai? ên de tis autên] + [Greek: mê kinêi, pantôn esti dikaiotatê.]" + _Fragm._ i. 8., ed. Gaisford. + +And to a passage of Livy (xxviii. 27.): + + "Multitudo omnis, sicut natura maris, per se immobilis est, venti et + auræ cient." + +Compare Babrius, fab. 71. + + P. 165. "Did not one of the Fathers, in great indignation, call poesy + _vinum dæmonum_?" + +The same citation recurs in Essay I., "On Truth:" + + "One of the Fathers, in great severity, called poesy _vinum dæmonum_." + +Query, Who is the Father alluded to? + +Page 177., the sayings, "Faber quisque fortunæ propriæ" is cited; and +again, p. 178., "Faber quisque fortunæ suæ." In Essay XL., "On Fortune," it +is quoted, with the addition, "saith the poet." The words are to be found +in Sallust, _Ad Cæsar. de Rep. Ord._, ii. 1.: + + "Sed res docuit, id verum esse, quad in carminibus Appius ait, fabrum + suæ esse quemque fortunæ." + +The Appius alluded to is Appius Claudius the Censor. + +Bacon proceeds to say: + + "This conceit or position [viz. 'Faber quisque,' &c.], if it be too + much declared and professed, hath been thought a thing impolitic and + unlucky, as was observed in Timotheus the Athenian, who, having done + many great services to the estate in his government, and giving an + account thereof to the people, as the manner was, did conclude every + particular with this clause, 'And in this Fortune had no part.' And it + came so to pass, that he never prospered in anything he took in hand + afterwards." + +The anecdote is as follows:--Timotheus had been ridiculed by the comic +poets, on account of the small share which his own management had had in +his successes. A satirical painting had likewise been made, in which he was +represented sleeping, while Fortune stood over him, and drew the cities +into his net. (See Plutarch, _Reg. et Imp. Apophth._, vol. ii. p. 42., ed. +Tauchnitz; Ælian, V. H. xiii. 42.) On one occasion, however, having +returned from a successful expedition, he remarked to the Athenians, in +allusion to the previous sarcasms, that in this campaign at least Fortune +had no share. Plutarch, who relates the latter {495} anecdote in his _Life +of Sylla_, c. 6., proceeds to say, that this boast gave so much offence to +the deity, that he never afterwards prospered in any of his enterprises. +His reverse of luck, in consequence of his vainglorious language against +Fortune, is also alluded to by Dio Chrysost. _Orat._, lxiv. § 19., edit. +Emper. It will be observed that Plutarch refers the saying of Timotheus to +a single expedition; whereas Bacon multiplies it, by extending it over a +series of acts. + + P. 172. "Cicero reporteth that it was then in use for senators that had + name and opinion for general wise men, as Coruncanius, Curius, Lælius, + and many others, to walk at certain hours in the Place," &c. + +The passage alluded to is _De Orat._, iii. 83. The persons there named are +Sex. Ælius, Manius Manilius, P. Crassus, Tib. Coruncanius, and Scipio. + + P. 179. "We will begin, therefore, with this precept, according to the + ancient opinion, that the sinews of wisdom are slowness of belief, and + distrust." + +The precept adverted to is the verse of Epicharmus: + + "[Greek: naphe kai memnas' apistein? arthra tauta tôn phrenôn.]" + + P. 180. "Fraus sibi in parvis fidem præstruit, ut majore emolumento + fallat." + +Query, Where does this passage occur, as well as the expression "alimenta +socordiæ," which Demosthenes, according to Bacon, applies to small favours. + +L. + + * * * * * + + +ERECTION OF FORTRESS AT MICHNEE AND PYLOS. + +Mr. Dartnell, Surgeon of H. M. 53rd regiment, gives the following account +of the building of a fort which has lately been erected at Michnee to check +the incursions of the Momunds into the Peshawur Valley: + + "There was little to be done, except to build a fort, and here the + officers had to superintend and direct the working parties which were + daily sent out.... Laborers from far and near, Cashmerees, Caboolees, + men from the Hindoo Koosh, Afreedees, Khyberees, &c., all working + together with hearty goodwill, and a sort of good-humoured rivalry.... + It is only when working by contract, however, that the Cashmeree + displays his full physical powers, and it is then perfectly refreshing, + in such a physically relaxing and take-the-world-as-it-goes sort of a + country as this, to observe him.... And then to see him carry a burden! + On his head? No. On his back? Yes, but after a fashion of his own, + perfectly natural and entirely independent of basket, or receptacle of + any kind in which to place it. I have now in my garden some half-dozen + of these labourers at work, removing immense masses of clay, which are + nearly as hard as flint, and how do they manage? My friend Jumah Khan + reverts his arms, and clasping his hands together behind his back, + receives the pyramidal load, which generally overtops his head, and + thus he conveys it to its destination," &c.--Colburn's _United Service + Magazine_, December, 1852, pp. 514, 515. + +Thucydides tells us that as soon as the crews of the Athenian ships, +weatherbound at Pylos in the spring of the year B.C. 425, had made up their +minds to kill time by fortifying their harbour of refuge,-- + + "They took the work in hand, and plied it briskly.... The mud that was + anywhere requisite, for want of vessels, they carried on their + shoulders, bending forwards as much as possible, that it might have + room to stick on, and holding it up with both hands clasped fast behind + that it might not slide down."--Book iv. chap. 4. (Smith's + Translation.) + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + + +HOVEDEN'S ANNALS--BOHN'S "ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY." + +Considering the cheap issue of all standard works of reference a great boon +to the general student, I was predisposed to welcome heartily Mr. Bohn's +_Antiquarian Library_. If, however, _cheapness_ be accompanied by +_incorrectness_, the promised boon I conceive to be worthless; even one or +two glaring errors rendering the student distrustful of the entire series. +I was led to form the first of these conclusions on receiving vol. i. of a +translation of the _Annals of Roger de Hoveden_, by Henry T. Riley, Esq., +barrister-at-law; who introduces the work by a flourish of trumpets in the +Preface, on the multifarious errors of the London and Frankfort editions, +and the labour taken to correct _his own_; to the second by observing, +whilst cutting the leaves, the following glaring errors, put forward too as +_corrections_:--Vol. i. p. 350., Henry II. is stated by the _Annalist_ to +have landed in Ireland, A.D. 1172, "at a place which is called _Croch_, +distant _eight miles_ from the city of Waterford." Here Mr. Riley, with +perfect gravity, suggests _Cork_[1] as the true reading!! Can it be, that a +barrister-at-law, with an ominously Irish-sounding name, is ignorant that +the city of Cork is somewhat more distant than _eight miles_ from the _urbs +intacta_, as Waterford loves to call herself? The fact is, however, that +Hoveden and his former editors were nearly correct: on {496} old maps of +the harbour of Waterford, Crook Castle is laid down inside Creden Head, on +the Waterford side of the harbour; and Crook is still the name of a place +at the point indicated, somewhat more however than eight miles from +Waterford. + +Again, at p. 351. occurs Hoveden's well-known and valuable enumeration of +the Irish episcopal sees at the same period, of which Mr. Riley observes: +"Nearly all these are mis-spelt ... they are in a state of almost hopeless +confusion." And then, to make confusion worse confounded, his note on the +Bishop of Ossory (p. 352.) says "In the text, 'Erupolensis' is perhaps a +mistake for 'Ossoriensis.'" Now, _Erupolensis_ happens to be a correct +_alias_ of Ossoriensis: the former characterising the diocese from +Kilkenny, the cathedral city, which being seated on the Nore, or +Neor--Hibernicè _Eoir_, Latinè _Erus_, was sometimes called Erupolis--the +latter from the territory with which the see was and is co-extensive, the +ancient kingdom of Ossory. + +How many more errors there may be in the first volume of the work, I cannot +say: but, at all events, what the reader has to complain of is, _not_ that +the translator was unable to tell all about "Croch" and "Erupolis," but +that, not knowing, he has made matters worse by his hardy elucidations. +Truly, at this rate, it were better that no cheap edition of Hoveden were +vouchsafed to the public. + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny. + +[Footnote 1: This geographical _morceau_ was nearly equalled by a scribe in +the _Illustrated London News_, who stated that her Gracious Majesty's +steam-yacht, with its royal freight and attendant squadron, when coasting +round from Cork to Dublin in the year 1849, had entered Tramore Bay, and +thence steamed up to Passage in the Waterford Harbour! A truly _royal road_ +to safety; and one that, did it exist, would have saved many a gallant crew +and ship, which have met their fate within the landlocked, but ironbound +and shelterless, jaws of Tramore Bay.] + + * * * * * + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Raven Superstition._--On a recent occasion, at an ordinary meeting of the +guardians of the poor, an application was made by the relieving officer on +behalf of a single woman residing in the church village at Altarnun. The +cause of seeking relief was stated to be "grief," and on asking for an +explanation, the officer stated that the applicant's inability to work was +owing to depressed spirits, produced by the flight of a croaking raven over +her dwelling on the morning of his visit to the village. The pauper was by +this circumstance, in connexion with its well-known ominous character, +actually frightened into a state of wretched nervous depression, which +induced physical want. + +S. R. P. + +_African Folk Lore._--The following curious piece of folk lore is quoted +from an extract in _The Critic_ (of April 1, 1853, p. 172.), in the course +of a review of Richardson's _Narrative of a Mission to Central Africa, +&c._: + + "To avert the evil eye from the gardens, the people (of Mourzak) put up + the head of an ass, or some portion of the bones of that animal. The + same superstition prevails in all the oases that stud the north of + Africa, from Egypt to the Atlantic, but the people are unwilling to + explain what especial virtue there exists in an ass's skull." + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. + +_Funeral Custom._--In some parts (I believe) of Yorkshire, and perhaps +elsewhere, it is customary to send, immediately after a death, a paper bag +of biscuits, and a card with the name, &c. of the deceased, to his friends, +be they many or few. Can any of your readers explain the matter? I have +more than once seen the card, but not the biscuits. + +ABHBA. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKSPEARE READINGS, NO. VII. + +"What are 'Aristotle's checks?'" + +This is the question that MR. COLLIER proposed in support of the alteration +of _checks_ into _ethics_, at p. 144. of his _Notes and Emendations_. He +terms _checks_ "an absurd blunder," and in the preface he again introduces +it, passing upon it the same unqualified sentence of excommunication, as +upon "bosom multiplied," viz. "it can never be repeated." In this opinion +he is backed by most of the public scribes of the day, especially by the +critic of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for April, who declares "we should be +very sorry to have to discover what the editors have understood by the +_checks_ of Aristotle." Furthermore, this critic thinks that "it is +extremely singular that the mistake should have remained so long +uncorrected;" and he intimates that they who have found any meaning in +_checks_, have done so only because, through ignorance, they could find no +meaning in _ethics_. + +Hence it becomes necessary for those who do find a meaning in _checks_, to +defend that meaning; and hence I undertake to answer MR. COLLIER'S +question. + +Aristotle's _checks_ are those _moral adjustments_ that form the +distinguishing feature of his philosophy. + +They are _the eyes of reason_, whereby he would teach man to avoid +divergence from the straight path of happiness. + +They are his moderators, his mediocrities, his metriopathics. + +They are his philosophical steering-marks, his moral guiding-lines, whereby +the passions are to be kept in the _via media_; as much removed from total +abnegation on the one hand, as from immoderate indulgence on the other. + +Virtue, according to Aristotle, consists in checked or _adjusted_ +propensities. Our passions are not in themselves evil, except when +unchecked by reason. And inasmuch as we may overeat, or underfeed ourselves +(the check being temperance), so may we suffer our other propensities to +deviate from the _juste milieu_, either in the direction of indulgence or +of privation. {497} + +The art of adjusting the passions requires an apprenticeship to virtue. The +end to be attained is the establishment of good habits. These good habits, +like any other skill, can only be attained by practice. Therefore the +practice of virtue is the education of the passions. + +_Ethics_ is the doctrine of _habits_; but habits may be good or bad. When +good, they constitute virtue; when bad, licentiousness. + +The doctrine of _checks_ is that branch of _ethics_ which teaches moral +adjustment and restraint. + +Therefore _checks_ and _licentiousness_ are in better antithesis to each +other, than _ethics_ can be to either, because ethics includes both. + +The Aristotelian idea of _adjustment_, rather than _denial_, of the +passions, is well illustrated in the following passage from Plutarch's +_Morall Vertue_, by Philemon Holland, a contemporary of Shakspeare: + + "For neither do they shed and spill the wine upon the floure who are + afraide to be drunke, but delay the same with water: nor those who + feare the violence of a passion, do take it quite away, but rather + temper and qualifie the same: like as folke use to breake horses and + oxen from their flinging out with their heeles, their stiffenes and + curstnes of the head, and stubburnes in receiving the bridle or the + yoke, but do not restraine them of other motions of going about their + worke and doing their deede. And even so, verily, reason maketh good + use of these passions, when they be well tamed, and, as it were, + brought to hand: without overweakening or rooting out cleane that parte + of the soule which is made for to second reason and do it good + service.... Whereas let passions be rid cleane away (if that were + possible to be done), our reason will be found in many things more dull + and idle: like as the pilot and master of a ship hath little to do if + the winde be laid and no gale at all stirring ... as if to _the + discourse of reason_ the gods had adjoined passion as a pricke to + incite, and a chariot to set it forward." + +Again, in describing the "Meanes," he says-- + + "Now to begin with Fortitude, they say it is the meane between + Cowardise and rash Audacitie; of which twaine the one is a defect, the + other an excesse of the yrefull passion: Liberalitie, betweene + Nigardise and Prodigalitie: Clemencie and Mildnesse, betweene + senselesse Indolence and Crueltie: Justice, the meane of giving more or + lesse than due: Temperance, a mediocritie betweene the blockish + stupiditie of the minde, moved with _no touch of pleasure_, and all + unbrideled loosenes, whereby it is abandoned to all sensualitie."-- + _The Philosophie of Plutarch_, fol. 1603. + +It really does appear to me that there could not be a happier or more +appropriate designation, for a philosophy made up in this way of "meanes" +and adjustments, so as to steer between the _plus_ and _minus_, than a +system of _checks_--not fixed, or rigid rules, as they are sometimes +interpreted to be, but nice allowances of excess or defect, to be +discovered, weighed, and determined by individual reason, in the audit of +each man's conscience, according to the strength or weakness of the +passions he may have to regulate. + +I therefore oppose the substitution of _ethics_-- + +1. Because we have the _primâ facie_ evidence of the text itself, that +_checks_ was Shakspeare's word. + +2. Because we have internal evidence, in the significance and excellence of +the phrase, that it was Shakspeare's word. + +_Ethics_ was the patent title by which Aristotle's moral philosophy was +universally known; therefore any ignoramus, who never dipped beyond the +title, might, _and would_, have used it. But no person, except one well +read in the philosophy itself, would think of giving it such a designation +as _checks_; which word, nevertheless, is most happily characteristic of +it. + +3. Because, as before stated, Aristotle's _checks_, being the restrictive +and regulating portion of Aristotle's _Ethics_, is necessarily a more +diametrical antithesis to Ovid (and his _laxities_). + +4. Because I look upon the use of this phrase as one of those nice and +scarcely perceptible touches by which Shakspeare was content rather to hint +at, than to disclose his knowledge,--one of those effects whereby he makes +a single word supply the place of a treatise. + +With these opinions, I cannot but look upon this threatened change of +_checks_ into _ethics_, as wholly unwarrantable, and I now protest against +it as earnestly as, upon a former occasion, I did against the alteration of +_sickles_ into _shekels_, or, still worse, into _cycles_ or into _circles_. +It is with great satisfaction I compare four different views taken of this +word by MR. COLLIER, viz.--in the note to the text of his octavo edition of +Shakspeare;--in an additional note in vol. i., page cclxxxiv. of that +edition;--in the first announcement of his annotated folio in the +_Athenæum_ newspaper, Jan. 31st, 1852,--and finally (after my remarks upon +the word in "N. & Q."), his virtual reinstatement of the original _sickle_ +(till then supposed a palpable and undeniable misprint) at page 46. of +_Notes and Emendations_, together with the production, _suo motu_, of an +independent reference in support of my position. + +To return to this present substitution of _ethics_ for _checks_, a very +singular circumstance connected with it is the ignoring, by both MR. +COLLIER and by the critic in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, of Sir William +Blackstone's original claim to the suggestion, by prior publication of +upwards of half a century. At that time, notwithstanding the great learning +and acuteness of the proposer, the alteration was rejected! And shall we +now be less wise than our fathers? Shall we--misled by the prestige of a +few drops of rusty ink fashioned into letters of formal cut--place implicit +credence in emendations whose only claim to faith, like that of the Mormon +scriptures, is that nobody knows whence they came? {498} + +In the passage I have quoted from Philemon Holland, there may be observed +two peculiarities which are generally supposed to be exclusively +Shakspearian: one is the beautiful application of the word "touch"--the +other the phrase "discourse of reason." Where this last expression occurs +in _Hamlet_, it narrowly escaped _emendation_ at the hands of Gifford! (See +Mr. Knight's note, in his illustrated edition of _Shakspeare_.) It is the +true Aristotelian [Greek: dianoia]. + +There is also a third peculiarity of expression in the same quotation, in +the use of the word _delay_ in the sense of _diluere_, to dilute, temper, +allay. There are at least two passages in Shakspeare's plays where the word +is used in this sense, but which appear to have been overlooked by his +glossarists. The first is in _All's Well that Ends Well_, Act IV. Sc. 3., +where the French locals are moralising upon Bertram's profligate pursuit of +Diana: + + "Now God _delay_ our rebellion--as we are ourselves, what are we?" + +The second is in _Cymbeline_, Act V. Sc. 4., where Jupiter tempers his love +with crosses, in order to make his gifts-- + + "The more _delayed_, delighted." + +A. E. B. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Portrait of Luther._--A portrait of Luther, perhaps original, certainly +nearly cotemporary with the Reformer, possessing many excellent qualities, +was some time since shown me. It is in the possession of Mr. Horne, of +Morton in Marsh, Gloucestershire: it was received by him from an elderly +gentleman still living in London, who purchased it many years since at a +sale of pictures. The picture is very dark, on canvass, with a black frame +having a narrow gilt moulding. As the existence of this portrait is perhaps +not known, mention of the fact might interest some of your readers. The +picture, including frame, is perhaps in size thirty inches by twenty-four; +and the age of the sitter, whose features are delineated with remarkable +effects is probably under fifty years. + +B. H. C. + +_Randle Wilbraham._--Randle Wilbraham, Esq., the grandfather of Lord +Skelmersdale, who died upon the 3rd of April last, was a lawyer of great +eminence, and held the office of treasurer of Lincoln's Inn. The university +of Oxford conferred, by diploma, the degree of D.C.L. upon him in these +notable terms: + + "Placuit nobis in Convocatione die 14 mensis Aprilis 1761, solenniter + convocatis spectatissimum Ranulphum Wilbraham, Arm. Coll. Ænæi Nasi + quondam commensalem, in agendis causis pro diversis Tribunalibus per + multos retro annos hodieque versatissimum, Subsenescallum nostrum et + Consiliarium fidissimum, Gradu Doctoris in Jure Civili insignire. Cujus + quidem hæc præcipua ac prope singularis et est, et semper fuit, quod + propriis ingenii et industriæ suæ viribus innixus Aulici favoris nec + appetens, nec particeps, sine ullo magnatum patrocinio, sine turpi + Adulantium aucupio, ad summam tamen in Foro, in Academia, in Senatu, + tum gloriam, tum etiam authoritatem facilem sibi et stabilem munivit + viam, Fortunæ suæ si quis alius Deo Favente vere Faber", &c. + +The above is copied from the original diploma, which Mr. Randle Wilbraham +gave to his nephew, the late Dr. William Falconer of Bath. On the death of +Mr. R. Wilbraham, Chief Justice Wilmot wrote "I have lost my old friend Mr. +Wilbraham: he died in the seventy-seventh year of his age, and has not left +a better lawyer, or an honester man behind him." + +ANON. + +_Unpublished Epigram by Sir W. Scott._-- + + "Earth walks on Earth, + Glittering in gold: + Earth goes to Earth, + Sooner than it wold: + Earth builds on Earth, + Palaces and towers: + Earth says to Earth: + Soon, all shall be ours." + +The above, by Sir W. Scott, I _believe_, has never appeared in print to my +knowledge. It was recited to me by a friend of Sir W. Scott. + +R. VINCENT. + +_Crassus' Saying._--I find in the Diary of the poet Moore (in Lord John +Russell's edition), vol. ii. p. 148., a conversation recorded with Dr. +Parr, in which the Doctor quotes "the witticism that made Crassus laugh +(the only time in his life): 'Similes habent labra lactucas.'" + +It appears (see the quotations in Facciolati) that this sage and +laughter-moving remark of Crassus was made on seeing an ass eating a +thistle; whereon he exclaimed, "Similes habent labra lactucas." + +In Bailey's edition of Facciolati it is said, "Proverbium habet locum ubi +similia similibus contingunt,... quo sensu Angli dicimus, 'Like lips like +lettuce: like priest like people.'" + +Out of this explanation it is difficult to elicit any sense, much less any +"witticism." + +I suggest that Crassus' saying meant, "His (the ass's) lips hold thistles +and lettuces to be both alike;" wanting the discrimination to distinguish +between them. Or, if I may put it into a doggerel rhyme: + + "About a donkeys taste why need we fret us? + To lips like his a thistle is a lettuce." + +WM. EWART. + +University Club. + + * * * * * {499} + + +Queries. + +BEES AND THE SPHYNX ATROPOS. + +Huber, in his _Observations on the Natural History of Bees_, avers that the +moth called the _Sphynx atropos_ invades and plunders with impunity a hive +containing thousands of bees, notwithstanding the watchfulness, pugnacity, +and formidable weapons of those insects. To account for this phenomenon, he +states that the queen bee has the faculty of emitting a certain sound which +instantly strikes the bees motionless; and he conjectures that this +burglarious moth, being endowed with the same property, uses it to produce +a similar effect, first on the sentinels at the entrance of the hive, and +then on the bees within. + +In another part of his book (2nd edit. 1808, p. 202.) he relates what he +himself witnessed on introducing a strange queen into a hive. The bees, +greatly irritated, pulled her, bit her, and chased her away; but on her +emitting the sound and assuming an extraordinary attitude, "the bees all +hung down their heads and remained motionless." On the following day he +repeated the experiment, and the intrusive queen was similarly maltreated; +but when she emitted her sound, and assumed the attitude, from that moment +the bees again became motionless. + +Have more modern observers verified this curious fact? Is it not a case of +mesmerism? + +SYDNEY SMIRKE. + + * * * * * + + +"THE CRAFTSMAN'S APOLOGY." + +When Bolingbroke published his _Final Answer to the Remarks on the +Craftsman's Vindication, and to all the Libels which have come, or may come +from the same quarter against the Person last mentioned in the Craftsman of +the 22nd May, 1731_, he was answered in five Poetical Letters to the King, +which in keenness of wit, polished satire, and flowing ease of +versification, have not been since surpassed. The title of the tract in +which they are contained is _The Craftsman's Apology, being a Vindication +of his Conduct and Writings in several Letters to the King_, printed for T. +Cooper, 1732, 8vo. pages 32. By whom were these very clever and amusing +letters written? Lord Hervey or Sir Charles Hanbury Williams are the +parties one would think most likely to have written them; but they do not +appear in the list of Lord Hervey's works given by Walpole, or amongst +those noticed by Mr. Croker, or in Sir C. H. Williams's _Collected Works_, +in three volumes. Independently of which, I question whether the +versification is not, in point of harmony, too equal for either of them. If +they be included in the collected works of any other writer of the time, +which I have no immediate recollection of, some of your correspondents will +no doubt be able to point him out. Should it appear that they have not been +reprinted, I shall be disposed to recur again to the subject, and to give +an extract from them, as, of all the attacks ever made upon Bolingbroke, +they seem to me the most pleasant, witty, and effective. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + + +PALISSY AND CARDINAL WISEMAN. + +On April 28, Cardinal Wiseman, at the Manchester Corn Exchange, delivered a +lecture "On the Relation of the Arts of Design to the Arts of Production." +It occupies thirteen columns of _The Tablet_ of May 7, which professes to +give it "from _The Manchester Examiner_, with corrections and additions." I +have read it with pleasure, and shall preserve it as one of the best +discourses on Art ever delivered; but there is a matter of fact, on which I +am not so well satisfied. In noticing Bernard Palissy, the cardinal is +reported to have said: + + "For sixteen years he persevered in this way; and then was crowned with + success, and produced the first specimens of coloured and beautiful + pottery, such as are to this day sought by the curious; and _he + received a situation in the king's household, and ended his days in + comfort and respectability_." + +In the review of "Morley's Life of Palissy the Potter," _Spectator_, Oct. +9, 1852, it is said: + + "The period of the great potter's birth is uncertain. Mr. Morley fixes + it, on probable data, at 1509; but with a latitude of six years on + either side. _Palissy died in 1589 in the Bastile, where he had been + confined four years as a Hugenot; the king and his other friends could + defer his trial, but dared not grant him liberty._" + +All the accounts which I have read agree with Mr. Morley and the +_Spectator_. Are they or the cardinal right, supposing him to be correctly +reported? + +H. B. C. + +U. U. Club. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Polidus._--Can you tell me where the scene of the following play is laid, +and the names of the _dramatis personæ_?--_Polidus, a Tragedy_, by Moses +Browne, 8vo. 1723. The author of this play, who was born in 1703, and died +in 1787, was for some time the curate of the Rev. James Harvey, author of +_Meditations_, and other works. Mr. Browne was afterwards presented to the +vicarage of Olney, in Bucks, where the Rev. John Newton was his curate for +several years. + +A. Z. + +Glasgow. + + [Moses Browne was subsequently Chaplain of Morden College. The + piscatory brotherhood are indebted to him for having revived Walton's + _Complete Angler_, after it had lain dormant for upwards of eighty + years; and this task, he tells us, was undertaken at the request of Dr. + Samuel Johnson.--ED.] + +{500} + +_St. Paul's Epistles to Seneca._--It has frequently been affirmed that +Seneca became, in the last year of his life, a convert to Christianity--his +canonisation by St. Jerome is undoubted and there was stated to be a MS. of +the above epistle in Merton College. May I ask any of your contributors +whether this MS. has ever been printed? + +J. M. S. + +Hull. + +_Meaning of "folowed."_--Inside the cover of an old Bible and Prayer-Book, +bound in one quarto, Robert Barker, 1611, is the following inscription: + + "July eight I was much folowed when I lay in bed alone att Mistris + Whitmore's house, wee haveing agreed too bee married nextt daye. + + "God, even our own God, shal bless us. This incouriged mee too hope for + God's favour and blessing through Christ. + + "Christopher Curwen and Hannah Whitmore was married att Lambe's Chapel, + near Criplegate, July ninth, 1712." + +An entry of his marriage with his first wife, Elizabeth Sutton, 1704, is on +the cover at the beginning of the book. + +Can any one of your correspondents enlighten me as to the meaning of the +word _folowed_? The letters are legibly written, and there can be no +mistake about any of them. Is it an expression derived from the Puritans? + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Roman Catholic Registers._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where +I can find the registers of births, marriages, and burials of Roman +Catholic families living in Berks and Oxon in the reigns of Charles I. and +II.? + +A. PT. + +_St. Alban's Day._--At p. 340. of the _Chronicles of London Bridge_, it is +stated that Cardinal Fisher was executed on St. Alban's day, June 22, 1535. +How is it that in our present calendar St. Alban's day is not June 22, but +June 17? On looking back I see SIR W. C. TREVELYAN, in our first volume, +inquired the reason of this change, but I do not find any reply to his +Query. + +E. H. A. + +_Meigham, the London Printer._--J. A. S. is desirous of obtaining +information regarding a printer in London, of the name of Meigham, about +1745-8, or to be directed where to search for such. Meigham conversed, or +corresponded, about Catholicity with Dr. Hay, the then vicar-apostolic of +the Eastern District of Scotland. + +_Adamsoniana._--Is anything known of the family of Michel Adamson, or +Michael Adamson, the eminent naturalist and voyager to Senegal, who, though +born in France, is said to have been of Scottish extraction? + +Where is the following poem to be met with? + + "Ode in Collegium Bengalense, præmio dignata quod alumnis collegiorum + Aberdonensium proposuit vir reverendus C. Buchanan, Coll. Bengalensis + Præfectus Vicarius. Auctore Alexandro Adamson, A.M., Coll. Marisch. + Aberd. alumno." + +Allow me to repeat a Query which was inserted in Vol. ii., p. 297., asking +for any information respecting J. Adamson, the author of a rare tract on +Edward II.'s reign, published in 1732, in defence of the Walpole +administration from the attacks of the _Craftsman_. + +Who was John Adamson, author of _Fanny of Caernarvon, or the War of the +Roses_, an historical romance, of which a French translation was published +in 1809 at Paris, in 2 vols. 12mo.? + +E. H. A. + +_Canker or Brier Rose._--Can any of your correspondents tell me why the +brier or dog-rose was anciently called the _canker_? The brier is +particularly free from the disease so called, and the name does not appear +to have been used in disparagement. In Shakspeare's beautiful Sonnet LIV. +are the lines: + + "The _canker-blooms_ have full as deep a dye, + As the perfumed tincture of the roses." + +In _King Henry IV._, Act I. Sc. 3., Hotspur says: + + "Shall it for shame be spoken in these days, + Or fill up chronicles in times to come, + That men of your nobility and power, + Did 'gage them both in an unjust behalf, + (As both of you, God pardon it! have done) + To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose + And plant this thorn, this _canker_ Bolingbroke." + +And again, Don John, in _Much Ado about Nothing_, Act I. Sc. 3.: + + "I had rather be a _canker_ in a hedge, than a rose in the grave." + +ANON. + +"_Short red, god red._"--In Roger of Wendover's _Chronicle_, Bohn's +edition, vol. i. p. 345., is a story how Walchere, Bishop of Durham, was +slain in his county court, A.D. 1075, by the suitors on the instigation of +one who cried out in his native tongue "Schort red, god red, slea ye the +bischop." + +Sir Walter Scott, in his _Tales of a Grandfather_ (vol. i. p. 85.), tells +the same story of a Bishop of Caithness who was burned for enforcing tithes +in the reign of Alexander II. of Scotland (about 1220). + +What authority is there for the latter story? Did Sir Walter confound the +two bishops, or did he add the circumstance for the amusement of Hugh +Littlejohn? Was this the formula usually adopted on such occasions? How +came the Caithness people to speak such good Saxon? + +G. + +_Overseers of Wills._--I have copies of several wills of the fifteenth and +sixteenth centuries, in {501} which one set of persons are appointed +_executors_ and another _overseers_. What were the rights and duties of +these latter? + +J. K. + +_Lepel's Regiment._--Can your correspondent MR. ARTHUR HAMILTON inform me +what is the regiment known in 1707 as _Lepel's Regiment_? It was a cavalry +regiment, I believe. + +J. K. + +_Vincent Family._--Can any of your correspondents give me any information +respecting the descendants of Francis Vincent, grandson of Augustine +Vincent, Rouge Croix Pursuivant at Arms. His sister Elizabeth has, or had +very lately, a representative in the person of Francis Offley Edmunds of +Worsborough, Yorkshire; but nowhere have I been able to obtain any +information respecting himself. If you could give any information on this +subject, you would much oblige + +C. WILSON. + +_Passage in the First Part of Faust._-- + + "_Faust._ Es Klopft? Herein! Wer will mich wieder plagen? + _Mephistopheles._ Ich bin's. + _Faust._ Herein! + _Mephis._ Du musst es dreimal sagen. + _Faust._ Herein denn! + _Mephis._ So gefällst du mir." + +Why must he say it _three_ times? Is this a superstition that can be traced +in other countries than Germany? In Horace we have Diana thus addressed: + + "_Ter_ vocata audis, adimisque letho, + Diva triformis."--Lib. iii. Ode 22. + +But she is there the benign Diana, not Hecate. + +Are we to understand the passage to mean, that the number _three_ has a +magical influence in summoning spirits; or to teach that the power of evil +is so overruled by a higher Power, that he cannot approach to begin his +work of temptation and ruin unless he be, not once merely, or twice, but +_three_ times, called by the free will and act of the individual who is +surrendering himself to his influence? The subject seems worthy of +elucidation. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Lady Anne Gray._--Who was the "Lady Anne Gray," or "Lady Gray," who was +one of the attendants on Queen Elizabeth when princess, and is mentioned +first in Sir John Harrington's poem in praise of her ladies? + +N. A. + +_Continental Brasses._--At a recent meeting of the Archæological Institute, +Mr. Nesbitt exhibited rubbings of some fine brasses at Bamberg, Naumberg, +Meissen, and Erfurt. Mr. Nesbitt would confer a favour on the readers of +"N. & Q." by stating the names and dates of those sepulchral memorials, and +the churches from which he obtained the rubbings, and thus aid in carrying +out MR. W. SPARROW SIMPSON'S excellent suggestion for obtaining a complete +list of monumental brasses on the Continent. + +WILLIAM W. KING. + +_Peter Beaver._--In the early part of the last century, a gentleman named +Peter Beaver, whose daughter was married in 1739 to Latham Blacker, Esq., +of Rathescar, lived in the old and fashionable town of Drogheda. Can any +one inform me as to the year of his death, and whether he left a son? The +name has disappeared in Drogheda. I would likewise be glad to know the +origin of the name; and, if it be a corruption of Beauvoir, at what time, +and for what reason, was it changed? The crest is the animal of the same +name. + +ABHBA. + +_Cremonas._--Can any of your numerous correspondents kindly supply me with +a list of the earliest and the latest of the instruments of each of the +famous _cremona_ makers? Such a list would be a valuable contribution to +"N. & Q." + +Mr. Dubourg's work on the _Violin_, excellent as it is in many respects, +contains but a meagre account of the instrument itself, and is sadly +deficient on the subject of my Query. May I ask him, and I have reason for +so doing, on what authority he gives 1664 as the year of the birth of +Antonius Stradivarius, in his last edition? + +H. C. K. + +_Cranmer and Calvin._--In the _Christian Observer_ for March 1827 (No. 303. +p. 150.) it is stated that the late Rev. T. Brock, of Guernsey, had been +assured by an eminent scholar of Geneva, afterwards a clergyman in our +church, that he had met with, in a public library at Geneva, a printed +correspondence in Latin between Archbishop Cranmer and Calvin, in which the +latter forewarned the former, that though he perfectly understood the +meaning of the baptismal service, yet "the time would come when" it "would +be misconceived, and received as implying that baptism absolutely conveyed +regeneration;" and that Cranmer replied, "that it is not possible such a +construction can be put upon the passage, the church having sufficiently +explained her meaning in the Articles and elsewhere." I have heard that +search was made for these documents by M. D'Aubigné and others, but without +success; one of the reports being, that "the documents had been apparently +_cut out_." Mr. Brock's informant, I hear, was a Rev. Marc De Joux, who +afterwards became an Irvingite, left Guernsey, and went to the Mauritius, +where it is believed he still resides. With the _theological_ question I +wish not here to meddle, or to express an opinion. But I should be glad if +you will kindly permit me to inquire whether any of your readers can give +any information as to the existence of the supposed "printed" +correspondence {502} referred to? whether or not it does exist? and, if so, +where? + +C. D. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +"_A Letter to a Convocation Man_" (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 415.).--I beg to +thank "N. & Q." for the answer to my inquiry respecting the authorship of +this letter. I should be very glad to learn further particulars respecting +Sir Bartholomew Shower. Was he a member of the House of Commons, as the +author of the Letter intimates that he himself was? I shall also be very +thankful if TYRO, or any other correspondent, will answer for me these +Queries, suggested by the same Letter. + + "It was the opinion, indeed, of a late _great preacher_, that + Christians under a Mahometan or Pagan government, ought to value the + peace of the country above the conversion of the people there." + +Who is the preacher here referred to? + +Who were the authors, and what were the titles of the many _Defences_ of +Sherlock's _Vindication of the Holy and Ever Blessed Trinity_, and _The +Divinity and Death of Christ_? * + +And what farther is to be learned of Mr. Papin, a Socinian, who jointed the +Church of Rome about that period? + + +Who was Chief Justice in 1697? Was it Chief Justice Treby? ++ + +Trelawney, Bishop of Exeter, excommunicated Dr. Bury. When was the living +the latter enjoyed "untouched and even unquestioned by another bishop?" § + +In case the answers to these should not appear of sufficient importance to +be put into type, I enclose an envelope. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +P.S.--The misprint you point out, Vol. vii., p. 409., of _Oxoniensis_ for +_Exoniensis_, occurred in the Appendix to Wake's _State of the Church and +Clergy of England_, p. 4. + + [* The titles of nearly twenty works relating to Sherlock's Trinitarian + Controversy will be found _s. v._ in the _Bodleian Catalogue_, vol. + iii. p. 462. See also Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_. + + + A long account of Mr. Papin is given in Rose's as well as in + Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_. + + ++ Sir George Treby was Chief Justice of Common Pleas in 1697. + + § Bishop Trelawney, it appears, suspended Dr. Arthur Bury from the + rectorship of Exeter College for some heterodox notions in his work, + _The Naked Gospel_. The affair was carried by appeal from the King's + Bench to the House of Lords, when Bishop Stillingfleet delivered a + speech on the "Case of Visitation of Colleges," printed in his + _Ecclesiastical Cases_, part ii. p. 411. Wood states that Dr. Bury was + soon after restored. For an account of this controversy, and the works + relating to it, see Gough's _British Topography_, vol. ii. p. 147., and + Wood's _Athenæ_ (Bliss), vol. iv. p. 483. + + Any farther communications on the above Queries shall be forwarded to + the correspondent.] + +_Prester John._--I should be glad, through the medium of "N. & Q.," to be +favoured with some information relative to this mysterious personage. + +STRATH CLYDE. + + [The history of Prester John, or of the individuals bearing that + appellation, appears involved in considerable confusion and obscurity. + Most of our Encyclopædias contain notices of this mysterious personage, + especially Rees's, and Collier's _Great Historical Dictionary_. "The + fame of _Prester_ or _Presbyter_ John," says Gibbon, "a khan, whose + power was vainly magnified by the Nestorian missionaries, and who is + said to have received at their hands the rite of baptism, and even of + ordination, has long amused the credulity of Europe. In its long + progress to Mosul, Jerusalem, Rome, &c., the story of Prester John + evaporated into a monstrous fable, of which some features have been + borrowed from the Lama of Thibet (_Hist. Généaologique des Tartares_, + part ii. p. 42.; _Hist. de Gengiscan_, p. 31. &c.), and were ignorantly + transferred by the Portuguese to the emperor of Abyssinia (Ludolph. + _Hist. Æthop. Comment._ l. ii. c. 1.). Yet is is probable that, in the + twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Nestorian Christianity was professed + in the horde of the Keraites."] + +_Homer's Iliad in a Nut._--On the tomb of those celebrated gardeners, +Tradescant father and son, these lines occur in the course of the +inscription: + + "Whilst they (as Homer's Iliad in a nut), + A World of Wonders in one closet shut." + +Will you explain the comparison implied in the words "as Homer's Iliad in a +nut?" + +DAVID. + + [It refers to the account given by Pliny, vii. 21., that the _Iliad_ + was copied in so small a hand, that the whole work could lie in a + walnut-shell: "In nuce inclusam Iliada Homeri carmen, in membrana + scriptum tradidit Cicero." Pliny's authority is Cicero _apvd Gellium_, + ix. 421. See M. Huet's account of a similar experiment in _Gentleman's + Magazine_, vol. xxxix. p. 347.] + +_Monogram of Parker Society._--What is the meaning of the monogram adopted +by the Parker Society on all their publications? + +TYRO. + + [The monogram is "MATTHEW PARKER," Archbishop of Canterbury in the + reign of Queen Elizabeth.] + +_The Five Alls._--Can any of your readers give me an interpretation of a +sign on an inn in Oxford, which bears this inscription? + + "THE FIVE ALLS." + +I can make nothing of it. + +CURIOSUS. + +Oxford. + + [Captain Grose shall interpret this Query. He says, "The Five Alls is a + country sign, representing five human figures, each having a motto. The + first is a king in his regalia, 'I govern all.' The second, a {503} + bishop in pontificals, 'I pray for all.' Third, a lawyer in his gown, + 'I plead for all.' Fourth, a soldier in his regimentals, 'I fight for + all.' Fifth, a poor countryman with his scythe and rake, 'I _pay_ for + all!'"] + +_Corvizer._--In a deed of the middle of the last century, I find this +addition to the name of a person residing at Conway. The word is similarly +employed in a list of interments of some "common people," contained in +Browne Willis's account of Bangor Cathedral. What does it mean, and whence +is it derived? + +H. B. + +Bangor. + + [An obsolete word for a cordwainer or shoemaker. See Ash's + _Dictionary._] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +ENGLISH COMEDIANS IN GERMANY. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 184. 459.; Vol. iii., p. 21.; Vol. vii., pp. 114. 360.) + +In 1605 the English comedians first appeared in Prussia. In October they +performed before the Duchess Maria Eleonora at Koningsberg, for which they +were well paid; they then proceeded to Elbing, whence they were dismissed +with twenty thalers, since they produced scandalous things ("weil sie +schandbare Dinge fürgebracht"). In 1607, they were again sent away, after +they had performed the preceding year at Rostock. Some time after, the +Elector of Brandenburg, Joh. Sigismund, employed a certain noble, Hans von +Stockfisch, to obtain a theatrical company from England and the +Netherlands. A troop of nineteen comedians, under the direction of John +Spencer, came with sixteen musicians to add lustre to the electoral feasts. +In 1611, they received 720 marks, as well as many hundred ells of various +stuffs for costumes and decorations; of which great quantities were used in +1612. Many a time was it necessary to ransom them at great cost from inns +and lodging-houses; so that the prince, in 1613, resolved to rid himself of +these dear guests, and gave them a recommendation to the Elector of Saxony. +In 1616 we find them in Dantzic, where they gave eight representations; and +two years later, the Electress of Brandenburg, through Hans von Stockfisch, +procured eighteen comedians, who performed at Elbing, Koningsberg, and +other places, and were paid for their trouble ("für ihre gehabte Mühe eins +für alles") 200 Polish guilders. + +In 1639, English comedians are again found in Koningsberg; and, for the +last time, in 1650, at Vienna, where William Roe, John Waide, Gideon, +Gellius, and Robert Casse, obtained a license from Ferdinand I. + +In 1620 appeared a volume of _Englische Comedien und Tragedien, &c._ (2nd +edit., 1624), which was followed by a second; and in 1670 by a third: in +which last, however, the English element is not so prominent. + +These statements of Dr. Hagen are confirmed by numerous quotations from +original documents, published by him in the _Neue Preuss. Provincial +Blätter_, Koningsb., 1850, vol. x.; vid. et _Gesch. der Deuts. +Schauspielk._, by E. Devrient, Leipzic, 1848. Professor Hagen maintains, +that in the beginning of the seventeenth century, the English comedies were +performed in Dutch; and that, in Germany, the same persons were called +indifferently English or Dutch comedians. They were Englishmen who had +found shelter under the English trading companies in the Netherlands ("Es +waren Engländer die in den englischen Handelscompagnien in den Niederlanden +ein Unterkommen gefunden.")--From the _Navorscher_. + +J. M. + + * * * * * + + +A GENTLEMAN EXECUTED FOR WHIPPING A SLAVE TO DEATH. + +(Vol. vii., p. 107.) + +The occurrence noticed by W. W. is, I believe, the only instance on record +in the West Indies of the _actual_ execution of a gentleman for the murder, +by whipping or otherwise, of a slave. Nor is this strange. In the days of +slavery every owner of slaves was regarded in the light of a gentleman, and +his "right to do what he liked with his own" was seldom called in question +by judges or juries, who were themselves among the principal shareholders. +The case of Hodge was, however, of an aggravated character. For the trivial +offence of stealing a mango, he had caused one of his slaves to be whipped +to death; and this was, perhaps, the least shocking of the repeated acts of +cruelty which he was known to have committed upon the slaves of his estate. + +During slavery each colony had its Hodge, and some had more than one. The +most conspicuous character of this kind in St. Lucia was _Jacques O'Neill +de Tyrone_, a gentleman who belonged to an Irish family, originally settled +in Martinique, and who boasted of his descent from one of the ancient kings +of Ireland. This man had long been notorious for his cruelty to his slaves. +At last, on the surrender of the colony to the British in 1803, the +attention of the authorities was awakened; a charge of murder was brought +against him, and he was sentenced to death. From this sentence he appealed +to a higher court; but such was the state of public feeling at the bare +idea of putting a white man to death for any offence against a slave, that +for a long time the members of the court could not be induced to meet; and +when they did meet, it was only to reverse the sentence of the court below. +I have now before me the proceedings of both courts. {504} The sentence of +the inferior court, presided over by an European judge, is based upon the +clearest evidence of O'Neill's having caused two of his slaves to be +murdered in his presence, and their heads cut off and stuck upon poles as a +warning to the others. The sentence of the Court of Appeal, presided over +by a brother planter, and entirely composed of planters, reverses the +sentence, without assigning any reason for its decision, beyond the mere +allegations of the accused party. Such was criminal justice in the days of +slavery! + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + + * * * * * + + +LONGEVITY. + +(Vol. vii., p. 358., &c.) + +On looking over some volumes of the _Annual Register_, from its +commencement in 1758, I find instances of longevity very common, if we can +credit its reports. In vol. iv., for the year 1761, amongst the deaths, of +which there are many between 100 and 110, the following occur: + + January. "At Philadelphia, Mr. Charles Cottrell, aged 120 years; and + three days after, his wife, aged 115. This couple lived together in the + marriage state 98 years in great union and harmony." + + April. "Mrs. Gillam, of Aldersgate Street, aged 113." + + July. "John Newell, Esq., at Michael(s)town, Ireland, aged 127, + grandson to old Parr, who died at the age of 152." + + August. "James Carlewhite, of Seatown, in Scotland, aged 111. + + "John Lyon, of Bandon, in the county of Cork, Ireland, aged 116." + +In September there are three aged 106; one 107; one 111; one 112; and one +114 registered. I will take three from the year 1768, viz.: + + January. "Died lately in the Isle of Sky, in Scotland, Mr. Donald + M^cGregor, a farmer there, in the 117th year of his age. + + "Last week, died at Burythorpe, near Malton in Yorkshire, Francis + Confit, aged 150 years: he was maintained by the parish above sixty + years, and retained his senses to the very last." + + April. "Near Ennis, Joan M^cDonough, aged 138 years." + +Should sufficient interest attach to this subject, and any of the +correspondents of "N. & Q." wish it, I will be very happy to contribute my +mite, and make out a list of all the deaths above 120 years, or even 110, +from the commencement of the _Annual Register_, but am afraid it will be +found rather long. + +J. S. A. + +Old Broad Street. + +A few years ago there lived in New Ross, in the county of Wexford, two old +men. The one, a slater named Furlong, a person of very intemperate habits, +died an inmate of the poorhouse in his 101st year: he was able to take long +walks up to a very short period before his death; and I have heard that he, +his son, and grandson, have been all together on a roof slating at the same +time. The other man was a nurseryman named Hayden, who died in his 108th +year: his memory was very good as to events that happened in his youth, and +his limbs, though shrunk up considerably, served him well. He was also in +the frequent habit of taking long walks not long before his death. + +J. W. D. + + * * * * * + + +DERIVATION OF CANADA. + +(Vol. vii., p. 380.) + +The derivation given in the "cutting from an old newspaper," contributed by +MR. BREEN, seems little better than that of Dr. Douglas, who derives the +name from a _M. Cane_, to whom he attributes the honour of being the +discoverer of the St. Lawrence. + +In the first place, the "cutting" is not correct, in so far as Gaspar +Cortereal never ascended the river, having merely entered the gulf, to +which the name of St. Lawrence was afterwards given by Jacques Carter. +Neither was the main object of the expedition the discovery of a passage +into the Indian Sea, but the discovery of gold; and it was the +disappointment of the adventurers in not finding the precious metal which +is supposed to have caused them to exclaim "Aca nada!" (Nothing here). + +The author of the _Conquest of Canada_, in the first chapter of that +valuable work, says that "an ancient Castilian tradition existed, that the +Spaniards visited these coasts before the French,"--to which tradition +probably this supposititious derivation owes its origin. + +Hennepin, who likewise assigns to the Spaniards priority of discovery, +asserts that they called the land _El Capo di Nada_ (Cape Nothing) for the +same reason. + +But the derivation given by Charlevoix, in his _Nouvelle France_, should +set all doubt upon the point at rest; _Cannáda_ signifying, in the Iroquois +language, a number of huts (_un amas de cabanes_), or a village. The name +came to be applied to the whole country in this manner:--The natives being +asked what they called the first settlement at which Cartier and his +companions arrived, answered, "Cannáda;" not meaning the particular +appellation of the place, which was Stadacóna (the modern Quebec), but +simply a village. In like manner, they applied the same word to Hochelága +(Montreal) and to other places; whence the Europeans, hearing every +locality designated by the same term, _Cannáda_, very naturally applied it +to the entire valley of the St. Lawrence. It may not here be out of place +to notice, that with respect to the derivation of _Quebec_, the weight of +evidence {505} would likewise seem to be favourable to an aboriginal +source, as Champlain speaks of "la pointe de Québec, ainsi appellée des +sauvages;" not satisfied with which, some writers assert that the far-famed +city was named after Candebec, a town on the Seine; while others say that +the Norman navigators, on perceiving the lofty headland, exclaimed "Quel +bec!" of which they believe the present name to be a corruption. Dissenting +from all other authorities upon the subject, Mr. Hawkins, the editor of a +local guide-book called _The Picture of Quebec_, traces the name to an +European source, which he considers to be conclusive, owing to the +existence of a seal bearing date 7 Henry V. (1420), and on which the Earl +of Suffolk is styled "Domine de Hamburg et de Québec." + +ROBERT WRIGHT. + + * * * * * + + +SETANTIORUM PORTUS. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 180. 246.) + +Although the positions assigned by Camden to the ancient names of the +various estuaries on the coasts of Lancashire and Cumberland are very much +at variance with those laid down by more modern geographers; still, with +regard to the particular locality assigned by him to the _Setantiorum +Portus_, he has made a suggestion which seems worthy the attention of your +able correspondent C. + +His position for _Morecambe Bay_ is a small inlet to the south of the +entrance of _Solway Firth_, into which the rivers _Waver_ and _Wampool_ +empty themselves, and on which stands "the abbey of _Ulme_, or _Holme +Cultraine_." He derives the name from the British, as signifying a "crooked +sea," which doubtless is correct; we have _Môr taweh_, the main sea; +_Morudd_, the Red Sea; and _Môr camm_ may be supposed to indicate a bay +much indented with inlets. It is needless to say that the present +_Morecambe Bay_ answers this description far more accurately than that in +the Solway Firth. _Belisama Æstuarium_ he assigns to the mouth of the +Ribble, and is obliged to allot _Setantiorum Portus_ to the remaining +estuary, now called Morecambe Bay. However, he seems not quite satisfied +with this last arrangement, and suggests that it would be more appropriate +if we might read, as is found in some copies, _Setantiorum_ [Greek: limnê], +instead of [Greek: limên], thus assigning the name of Setantii to the +inhabitants of the _lake district_. + +The old editions of Ptolemy, both Greek and Latin, are very incorrect, and, +there is little doubt, have suffered from alterations and interpolations at +the hands of ignorant persons. I have not access at present to any edition +of his geography, either of Erasmus, Servetus, or Bertius, so I know not +whether any weight should be allowed to the following circumstance; in the +_Britannia Romana_, in Gibson's _Camden_, this is almost the only _Portus_ +to be found round the coast of England. The terms there used are (with one +more exception) invariably _æstuarium_, or _fluvii ostium_. If this +variation in the old reading be accepted, the appellation as given by +Montanus, Bertius, and others, to _Winandermere_, becomes more +intelligible. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Stereoscopic Queries._--Can any of your readers inform me what are the +proper angles under which stereoscopic pictures should be taken? + +Mr. Beard, I am informed, takes his stereoscopic portraits at about 6œ°, or +1 in 9; that is to say, his cameras are placed 1 inch apart for every 9 +inches the sitter is removed from them. The distance of the sitter with him +is generally, I believe, 8 feet, which would give 10-2/3 inches for the +extent of the separation between his cameras. More than this has the +effect, he says, of making the pictures appear to stand out unnaturally; +that is to say, if the cameras were to be placed 12 inches apart (which +would be equal to 1 in 8), the pictures would seem to be in greater relief +than the objects. + +I find that the pictures on a French stereoscopic slide I have by me have +been taken at an angle of 10°, or 1 in 6. This was evidently photographed +at a considerable distance, the triumphal arch in the Place de Carousel (of +which it is a representation) being reduced to about 1Œ inch in height. How +comes it then that the angle is here increased to 10° from 6œ°, or to 1 in +6 from 1 in 9. + +Moreover, the only work I have been able to obtain on the mode of taking +stereoscopic pictures, lays it down that all portraits, or near objects, +should be taken under an angle of 15°, or, as it says, 1 in 5; that is, if +the camera is 20 feet from the sitter, the distance between its first and +second position (supposing only one to be used) should not exceed 4 feet: +otherwise, adds the author, "the stereosity will appear unnaturally great." + +When two cameras are employed, the instructions proceed to state that the +distance between them would be about 1/10th of the distance from the part +of the object focussed. The example given is a group of portraits, and the +angle, 1 in 10, is afterwards spoken of as being equivalent to an arc of +10°. + +Farther on, we are told that "the angle should be lessened as the distance +between the nearest and farthest objects increase. Example: if the farthest +object be twice as far from the camera as the near object, the angle should +be 5° to a central point between these two. + +Now, I find by calculation that the measurements and the angle here +mentioned by no means {506} agree. For instance, an angle of 15° is spoken +of as being equivalent to the measurement 1 in 5. An angle of 10° is said, +or implied, to be the same as 1 in 10. This is far from being the fact. +According to my calculations, the following are the real equivalents:-- + + An angle of 15° is equal to 1 in 4. + " 12° " 1 in 5. + " 10° " 1 in 6. + " 6œ° " 1 in 9. + " 6° " 1 in 10. + " 5° " 1 in 12. + " 4° " 1 in 15. + +Will any of your readers oblige me by solving the above anomalies, and by +giving the proper angles or measurement under which objects should be taken +when near, moderately distant, or far removed from the camera; stating, at +the same time, at how many feet from the camera an object is to be +considered as near, or distant, or between the two? It would be a great +assistance to beginners in the stereoscopic art, if some experienced +gentleman would state the best distances and angles for taking busts, +portraits, groups, buildings, and landscapes. + +It is said that stereoscopic pictures at great distances, such as views, +should be taken "with a small aperture." But as the exact dimensions are +not mentioned, it would be equally serviceable if, to the other details, +were added some account of the dimensions of the apertures required for the +several angles. + +In the directions given in the work from which I have quoted, it is said +that when pictures are taken with one camera placed in different positions, +the angle should be 15°; but when taken with two cameras, the angle should +be 10°. Is this right? And, if so, why the difference? + +In the account given by you of Mr. Wilkinson's ingenious mode of levelling +the cameras for stereoscopic pictures, it is said the plumb-line should be +three feet long, and that the diagonal lines drawn on the ground glass +should be made to cut the principal object focussed on the glass; and "when +you have moved it, the camera, 8 _or_ 10 feet, make it cut the same object +again." At what distance is the object presumed to be? + +Any information upon the above matters will be a great service, and +consequently no slight favour conferred upon your constant reader since the +photographic correspondence has been commenced. + +[phi]. + +_Photographic Portraits of Criminals, &c._--Such experience as I have had +both in drawing portraits and taking photographs, impels me to hint to the +authorities of Scotland Yard that they will by no means find taking the +portraits of gentlemen that are "wanted" infallible, and I anticipate some +unpleasant mistakes will ere long arise. I have observed that inability to +recognize a portrait is as frequent in the case of photographs as on +canvass, or in any other way. I defy the whole world of artists to reduce +the why and wherefore into a reasonable shape; one will declare that +"either" looks as if the individual was going to cry; the next critic will +say he sees nothing but a pleasant smile. "I should never have known who it +is if you hadn't told me," says a third; the next says "it's his eyes, but +not his nose;" and perhaps the next will say, "it's his nose, but not his +eyes." + +I was present not long since at the showing a portrait, which I think about +the climax of doubt. "Not a bit like," was the first exclamation. The poor +artist sank into his chair; after, however, a brief contemplation, "It's +very like, _in-deed_; it's excellent:" this was said by a gentleman of the +highest attainments, and one of the best poets of the day. + +Some persons (I beg pardon of the ladies) take the habiliments as the +standard of recognition. I do not accuse them of doing it wilfully; they do +not know it themselves. For example, Miss Smith will know Miss Jones a mile +or so off. By her general air, or her face? Oh no! It's by the bonnet she +helped her to choose at Madame What-d'ye-call's, because the colour suited +he complexion. + +These are some of the mortifications attendant on artistic labour, and if +they occur with the educated classes, they are more likely to happen even +to "intelligent policemen," as the newspaper have it. If I dissent from the +plan it is because I doubt its efficiency, but do not deny that it is worth +a trial. If the French like to carry their portraits about with them on +their passports to show to policemen, let them submit to the humiliation. I +doubt very much whether the Chamber of Deputies would have made a law of +it: it appears a new idea in jurisprudence that a man _must_ sit for his +picture. Any one, however, understanding the camera, would be alive before +the removal of the cup of the lens, and be ready with a wry face; I do not +suppose he could be imprisoned for _that_. + +Both plans are miserable travesties on the lovely uses of portrait painting +and photography. Side by side with Cowper's passionate address to his +mother's picture, how does it look? + + "Oh, that those lips had language! Life has pass'd + With me but roughly since I saw thee last." + +And, + + "Blest be the art that can immortalise." + +If photography has an advantage over canvas, it does indeed immortalise +(the painting may imitate, and the portrait may be good; but there is +something more profoundly affecting in having the actual, the real shade of +a friend perhaps long {507} since in his grave); and we ought not only to +be grateful to the illustrious inventors of the art, but prevent these base +uses being made of it. + +In short, apart from the uncertainty of recognition, which I have not in +the least caricatured, if Giles Scroggins, housebreaker and coiner, and all +the swell mob, are to be photographed, it will bring the art into disgrace, +and people's friends will inquire delicately where it was done, when they +show their lively effigies. It may also mislead by a sharp rogue's +adroitness; and I question very much its legality. + +WELD TAYLOR. + +_Photography applied to Catalogues of Books._--May not photography be +usefully applied to the making of catalogues of large libraries? It would +seem no difficult matter to obtain any number of photographs, of any +required size, of the title-page of any book. Suppose the plan adopted, +that five photographs of each were taken; they may be arranged in five +catalogues, as follows:--Era, subject, country, author, title. These being +arranged alphabetically, would form five catalogues of a library probably +sufficient to meet the wants of all. Any number of additional divisions may +be added. By adopting a fixed breadth--say three inches--for the +photographs, to be pasted in double columns in folio, interchanges may take +place of those unerring slips, and thus librarians aid each other. I throw +out this crude idea, in the hope that photographers and librarians may +combine to carry it out. + +ALBERT BLOR, LL.D. + +Dublin. + +_Application of Photography to the Microscope._--May I request the +re-insertion of the photographic Query of R. J. F. in Vol. vi., p. 612., as +I cannot find that it has received an answer, viz., What extra apparatus is +required to a first-rate microscope in order to obtain photographic +microscopic pictures? + +J. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Discovery at Nuneham Regis_ (Vol. vi., p. 558.).--May the decapitated +body, found in juxta-position with other members of the Chichester family, +not be that of Sir John Chichester the Younger, mentioned in Burke's +_Peerage and Baronetage_, under the head "Chichester, Sir Arthur, of +Raleigh, co. Devon," as being that fourth son of Sir John Chichester, Knt., +M.P. for the co. Devon, who was Governor of Carrickfergus, and lost his +life "by decapitation," after falling into the hands of James Macsorley +Macdonnel, Earl of Antrim? + +The removal of the body from Ireland to the resting-place of other members +of the family would not be a very improbable event, and quite consistent +with the natural affection of relatives, under such mournful circumstances. + +J. H. T. + +_Eulenspiegel, or Howleglas_ (Vol. vii., pp. 357. 416.).--Permit me to +acquaint your correspondent that among the many singular and curious books +which formed the library of that talented antiquary the late Charles +Kirkpatrick Sharp, and which were sold here by auction some time ago, there +was a small 12mo. volume containing _French translations_, with rude +woodcuts, of-- + + 1. "La Vie joyeuse et recreative de Tiel-Ullespiegle, de ses Faits + merveilleux et Fortunes qu'il a eues; lequel par aucune Ruse ne se + laissa pas tromper. A Troyes, chez Garner, 1838." + + 2. "Histoire de Richard Sans Peur, Duc de Normandie, Fils de Robert le + Diable, &c. A Troyes, chez Oudot, 1745." + +T. G. S. + +Edinburgh. + +_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432.; Vol. vii., pp. 193. 369. 438.).-- + + "In the year 1635, upon the request of the Rev. Anthony Tuckney, Vicar + of Boston, it was ordained by the Archbishop of Canterbury (Laud), then + on his metropolitical visitation at Boston, 'that the roome over the + porch of the saide churche shall be repaired and decently fitted up to + make a librarye, to the end that, in case any well and charitably + disposed person shall hereafter bestow any books to the use of the + parish, they may be there safely preserved and kept.'" + +This library at present contains several hundred volumes of ancient +(patristic, scholastic, and post-Reformation) divinity. + +I hope to be able ere long to make a correct catalogue of the books at +present remaining, and at the same time make an attempt to restore them to +that decent "keeping" in which the great and good archbishop desired they +might remain. + +Query: In making preparations for the catalogue, I have been informed by a +gentleman that he remembers two or more _cart loads_ of books from this +library being sold by the churchwardens, and, as he believes, by the then +archdeacon's orders, at waste paper price; that the bulk of them was +purchased by a bookseller then resident in Boston, and re-sold by him to a +clergyman in the neighbourhood of Silsby. + +1. What was the date of the sale? + +2. The name of the _Venerable_ Archdeacon who perpetrated this robbery? + +3. Whether there are any legal means for recovering the missing works? + +My extracts are from Thompson's _History of Boston_, a correspondent of +yours, a new edition of whose laborious work is about to appear. + +THOMAS COLLIS. + +Boston. + +_Painter--Derrick_ (Vol. vii., pp. 178. 391.).--I cannot agree with +J. S. C. that _painter_ is a corruption of _punter_, from the Saxon _punt_, +a boat. {508} According to the construction and analogy of our language, a +_punter_ or _boater_ would be the person who worked or managed the boat. I +consider that _painter_--like _halter_ and _tether_, derived from Gothic +words signifying to _hold_ and to _tie_--is a corruption of _bynder_, from +the Saxon _bynd_, to bind. If the Anglo-Norman word _panter_, a snare for +catching and holding birds, be a corruption of _bynder_, we are brought to +the word at once. Or, indeed, we may go no farther back than _panter_. + +J. C. G. says that _derrick_ is an ancient British word: perhaps he will be +kind enough to let us know its signification. I always understood that a +_derrick_ took its name from _Derrick_, the notorious executioner at +Tyburn, in the early part of the seventeenth century, whose name was long a +general term for hangman. In merchant ships, the _derrick_, for hoisting up +goods, is always placed at the hatchway, close by the _gallows_. The +_derrick_, however, is not a nautical appliance alone; it has been long +used to raise stones at buildings; but the crane, and that excellent +invention the handy-paddy, has now almost put it out of employment. What +will philologists, two or three centuries hence, make out of the word +_handy-paddy_, which is universally used by workmen to designate the +powerful winch, traversing on temporary rails, employed to raise heavy +weights at large buildings. For the benefit of posterity, I may say that it +is very _handy_ for the masons, and almost invariably worked by Irishmen. + +As a collateral evidence to my opinion, that _painter_ is derived from the +Saxon _bynder_, through the Anglo-Norman _panter_, and that _derrick_ is +from _Derrick_ the hangman, I may add that these words are unknown in the +nautical technology of any other language. + +W. PINKERTON. + +Ham. + +_Pepys's "Morena"_ (Vol. vii., p. 118.).--MR. WARDEN may like to be +informed that his conjecture about the meaning of this word is fully +confirmed by the following passage in the _Diary_, 6th October, 1661, which +has hitherto unaccountably escaped observation: + + "There was also my _pretty black girl_, Mrs. Dekins and Mrs. Margaret + Pen this day come to church." + +BRAYBROOKE. + +_Pylades and Corinna_ (Vol. vii., p. 305.).--If your correspondent's +question have reference to the two volumes in octavo published under this +title in 1731, assuredly Defoe had nothing to do with them, as must be +evident to any one on the most cursory glance. The volumes contain memoirs +of Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas, on whom Dryden conferred the poetical title of +Corinna, and the letters which passed between her and Richard Gwinnett, her +intended husband. A biography of this lady, neither whose life nor poetry +were of the best, may be found in Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._, vol. xxix. p. +281., and a farther one in Cibber's _Lives_, vol. iv. The _Dunciad_, and +her part in the publication of Pope's early correspondence, have given her +an unhappy notoriety. I must say, however, that, notwithstanding his +provocation, I cannot but think that he treated this poor woman +ungenerously. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + +_Judge Smith_ (Vol. vii., p. 463.).--I must confess my ignorance of any +Judge Smith flourishing in the reign of Elizabeth. I know of only three +judges of that name. + +1. John Smith, a Baron of the Exchequer during the last seven years of the +reign of Henry VIII. From him descended the Lords Carrington of Wotton +Waven, in Warwickshire, a title which became extinct in 1705. + +2. John Smith, who was also a Baron of the Exchequer in the reign of Anne. +He became Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Scotland in 1708, and died in +1726. He endowed a hospital for poor widows at Frolesworth in +Leicestershire. + +3. Sidney Stafford Smythe, likewise a Baron of the Exchequer under George +II. and III., and Chief Baron in the latter reign. He was of the same +family as that of the present Viscount Strangford. + +If Z. E. R. would be good enough to send a copy of the inscription on the +monument in Chesterfield Church, and give some particulars of the family +seated at Winston Hall, the difficulty will probably be removed. + +EDWARD FOSS. + +_Grindle_ (Vol. vii., pp. 107. 307. 384.).--As one at least of the readers +of "N. & Q." living near _Grindle_ (Greendale is modern), allow me to say +that from the little I know of the places, they appear to me "to possess no +traces of those natural features which would justify the demoniacal +derivation proposed by I. E." However, as my judgment may be of little +worth, if "I. E. of Oxford" should ever migrate into these parts, and will +favour me with a call, with credentials of being the veritable I. E. of "N. +& Q.," I shall have much pleasure in assisting him to examine for himself +all the local knowledge which a short walk to the spots may enable him to +acquire. + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + +Rectory, Clyst St. George. + +_Simile of the Soul and the Magnetic Needle_ (Vol. vi., pp. 127. 207. 280. +368. 566.).--Dr. Arnold, with more religion than science, thus employs this +simile: + + "Men get embarrassed by the common cases of misguided conscience; but a + compass may be out of order as well as a conscience, and the needle may + point due south if you hold a powerful magnet in that direction. Still + the compass, generally speaking, is a true and sure guide, and so is + the conscience; and you {509} can trace the deranging influence on the + latter quite as surely as on the former."--_Life and Correspondence_, + 2nd ed. p. 390. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_English Bishops deprived by Queen Elizabeth, 1559_ (Vol. vii., p. +260.).--I have endeavoured to procure some information for A. S. A. on +those points which MR. DREDGE left unnoticed, but find that, after his +diligent search, very little indeed is to be gleaned. _Bishop Payne_ died +in January, 1559/60 (Strype's _Annals_, anno 1559). Dod, in vol. i. p. 507. +of his _Church History_, mentions a letter of _Bishop Goldwell's_, or, as +he calls him, _Godwell's_, to Dr. Allen, dated anno 1581: + + "This letter," he says, "seems to be written not long before Bishop + Godwell's death, for I meet with no farther mention of him. Here the + reader may take notice of a mistake in Dr. Heylin, who tells us he died + prisoner in Wisbich Castle, which is to be understood of Bishop + Watson." + +Of _Bishop Pate_ he says: + + "He was alive in 1562, but how long after I do not find."--Vol. i. p. + 488. + +_Bishop Pole_, according to the same authority, died a prisoner at large +about the latter end of May, 1568. _Bishop Frampton_ died May 25, 1708 +(Calamy's _Own Times_, vol. ii. p. 119.). I cannot ascertain the day of +_Bishop White's_ death, but he was buried, according to Evelyn (vol. iii. +p. 364.), June 5, 1698. + +TYRO. + +Dublin. + +_Borrowed Thoughts_ (Vol. vii., p. 203.).--The thought which ERICA shows +has been used by Butler and Macaulay is a grain from an often-pillaged +granary; a tag of yarn from a piece of cloth used ever since its make for +darning and patching; a drop of honey from a hive round which robber-bees +and predatory wasps have never ceased to wander,--the _Anatomy of +Melancholy_: + + "Though there were giants of old in physic and philosophy, yet I say + with Didacus Stella[2], 'a dwarf standing on the shoulders of a giant + may see farther than a giant himself.' I may likely add, alter, and see + farther than my predecessors; and it is no greater prejudice for me to + indite after others, than for Ælianus Montaltus, that famous physician, + to write _De Morbis Capitis_, after Jason Pratensis," &c. + +The pagination (that of Tegg's edition, 1849) will not guide those who with +Elia sicken at the profanity of "unearthing the bones of that fantastic old +great man," and know not a "sight more heartless" than the reprint of his +_Opus_. + +SIGMA. + +Sunderland. + +[Footnote 2: In _Luc._ 10. tom. ii.: "Pigmi gigantum humeris impositi +plusquam ipsi gigantes vident."--_Preface_, p. 8.] + +_Dr. South_ v. _Goldsmith, Talleyrand, &c._ (Vol. vi., p. 575. Vol. vii., +p. 311.).--One authority has been overlooked by MR. BREEN, which seems as +likely as any to have given currency to the saying, viz. Dean Swift. In +_Gulliver's Travels_ (1727), Voyage to the Houyhnhnms, the hero gives the +king some information respecting British ministers of state, which I +apprehend in Swift's day was no exaggeration. The minister, Gulliver says, +"applies his words to all uses except to the indication of his mind." It +must be confessed, however, that this authority is some seven years after +Dr. South. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_Foucault's Experiment_ (Vol. vii., p. 330.).--The reality of the rotation, +and the cause assigned to it by Foucault in his experiment, is now admitted +without question by scientific men. But in measuring the amount of the +motion of the pendulum, so many disturbing causes were found to be at work, +that the numerical results have not been obtained as yet with exactness. +The best account is, perhaps, the original one in the _Comptes Rendus_. Mr. +Foucault has lately invented an instrument founded on a similar principle, +to find the latitude of a place. + +ELSNO. + +_Passage in "Locksley Hall"_ (Vol. vi., p. 272.; Vol. vii., pp. 25. +146.).--Of these three commentators neither appears to me to have hit +Tennyson's meaning, though CORYLUS has made the nearest shot. I ought to +set out by confessing that it was not originally clear to myself, but that +I could not for a monument doubt, when the following explanation was +suggested to me by a friend. The "curlews" themselves are the "dreary +gleams:" the words are what the Latin Grammar calls "duo substantiva +ejusdem rei." I take the meaning, in plain prose to be this: "The curlews +are uttering their peculiar cry, as they fly over Locksley Hall, looking +like (to me, the spectator) dreary gleams crossing the moorland." + +I could supply A. A. D. with several examples _in English_, from my +commonplace-book, of the "bold figure of speech not uncommon in the vivid +language of Greece;" and among the rest, one from Tennyson himself, to wit: + + "Now, scarce three paces measured from the mound, + We stumbled on a stationary _voice_," &c. + +But I doubt whether the poet had those passages in his thought, when he +penned the opening of his noble poem "Locksley Hall." Of course I do not +_know_, any more than A. A. D., and the rest; and I suppose we shall none +of us get any enlightenment "by authority." + +HARRY LEROY TEMPLE. + +_Lake of Geneva_ (Vol. vii. p. 406.).--The account given in the _Chronicle +of Marius_ of what is called "an earthquake or landslip in the valley of +the {510} Upper Rhone," is evidently that of a sudden _débâcle_ destructive +of life and property, but not such as to effect any permanent change in the +configuration of the country. That an antiquary like Montfaucon should have +fallen into the blunder of supposing that the Lacus Lemanus was then +formed, may well excite surprise. The breadth of the new-formed lake, as +given by Marius, is impossible, as the mountains in the valley are scarcely +anywhere more than a mile apart. The valley of the Upper Rhone is liable to +such _débâcles_, and one which would fill it might be called a lake, +although of short duration. Having witnessed the effects of the _débâcle_ +of 1818 a few weeks after it happened, I can easily understand how such a +one as that described by Marius should have produced the effects attributed +to it, and yet have left no traces of its action after the lapse of +centuries. + +J. S. + +Athenæum. + +_"Inter cuncta micans," &c._ (Vol. vi., p. 413.).--In a small work, _Lives +of Eminent Saxons_, part i. p. 104., the above lines are ascribed to +Aldhelm, and a translation by Mr. Boyd is subjoined. + +To Aldhelm also are attributed the lines so often alluded to in "N. & Q.," +"Roma tibi subito," &c. + +B. H. C. + +_"Its"_ (Vol. vi., p. 509.; Vol. vii., p. 160.).--As the proposer of the +question on this word, so kindly replied to by MR. KEIGHTLEY, may I give +two instances of its use from the Old Version of the Psalms? + + "Which in due season bringeth forth _its_ fruit abundantly."--Ps. i. 3. + + "Thou didst prepare first a place, and set _its_ roots so fast."--Ps. + lxxx. 10. + +The American _Bibliotheca Sacra_ for October 1851, p. 735., says (speaking +of the time when the authorised version of the Scriptures was executed), +"the genitive _its_ was not then in use;" which is disproved by the +quotations already given. + +B. H. C. + +_Gloves at Fairs_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--The custom of "hanging out the +glove at fair time," as described by E. G. R., is, in all probability, of +Chester origin. The annals of that city show that its two great annual +fairs were established, or rather confirmed, by a charter of Hugh Lupus, +the first Norman Earl of Chester, who granted to the abbot and convent of +St. Werburgh (now the cathedral) "the extraordinary privilege, that no +criminals resorting to their fairs at Chester should be arrested for any +crime whatever, except such as they might have committed during their stay +in the city." For several centuries, Chester was famous for the manufacture +of gloves; and in token thereof, it was the custom for some days before, +and during the continuance of the fair, to hang out from the town-hall, +then situate at the High Cross, their local emblem of commerce--a _glove_: +thereby proclaiming that non-freemen and strangers were permitted to trade +within the city, a privilege at all other times enjoyed by the citizens +only. During this period of temporary "free trade," debtors were safe from +the tender mercies of their creditors, and free from the visits of the +sheriff's officer and his satellites. On the removal of the town-hall to +another part of the city, the leathern symbol of "unrestricted competition" +was suspended, at the appointed season, from the roof of St. Peter's +Church; until that reckless foe to antiquity, the Reform Bill, aimed a +heavy blow at all our prescriptive rights and privileges, and decreed that +the stranger should be henceforth on a footing with the freeborn citizen. +Notwithstanding this, the authorities of the city still continued to "hang +out their banner on the outward walls;" and it is only within the last ten +years that the time-honoured custom has ceased to exist. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +_Astronomical Query_ (Vol. vii., p.84.).--Your fair correspondent LEONORA +makes a mistake in reference to the position, in regard to the zodiac, of +the newly-discovered planets. It is indeed not at all surprising that these +bodies were not discovered before, for this reason--they _do not move +within the circle of the zodiac_: they lie far beyond it, so much so, that +to include them the zodiac must be expanded to at least five times its +present breadth. Hence they lie out of the path of ordinary observation, +and their discovery is usually the result of keen telescopic examination of +distant parts of the heavens. LEONORA is of course aware, that, with the +exception of Neptune (the discovery of which is a peculiar case), all the +recently discovered planets belong to the cluster of asteroids which move +between Mars and Jupiter. These are all invisible to the eye with the +exception of Vesta, and she is not to be distinguished by any but an +experienced star-gazer, and under most favourable circumstances; their +minuteness, their _extra_-zodiacal position, and the outrageous orbits +which they describe, all conspire to keep them out of human ken until they +are detected by the telescope, and ascertained to be planets either by +their optical appearances, or by a course of watching and comparison of +their positions with catalogues of the fixed stars. + +SHIRLEY HIBBERD. + +_Tortoiseshell Tom Cat_ (Vol. v., p. 465.; Vol. vii., p. 271.).--See Hone's +_Year Book_, p. 728. + +ZEUS. + +_Sizain on the Pope, the Devil, and the Pretender_ (Vol. vii., p. +270.).--This is given as one of the prize epigrams in the _Gentleman's +Magazine_ for 1735, vol. v. p. 157. + +ZEUS. {511} + +_Wandering Jew_ (Vol. vii., p. 261.).--Your correspondent will find an +account of the Wandering Jew prefixed to "Le Juif errant," the 3ième +livraison of _Chants et Chansons Populaires de la France_. + +THOS. LAWRENCE. + +Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + +The earliest account of this legend is in Roger of Wendover, under the year +1228: _De Joseph, qui ultimum Christi adventum adhuc vivus exspectat_, vol. +iv. p. 176. of the Historical Society's edition, vol. ii. p. 512. of Bohn's +Translation: see also Brand's _Popular Antiquities_, vol iii. p. 360., +Bohn's edition. + +ZEUS. + +_Hallett and Dr. Saxby_ (Vol. vii., p. 41.).--I know nothing of the +parties, but have the book about which S. R. inquires. The title is not +accurately given in the _Literary Journal_. Instead of "An Ode to Virtue," +by Dr. Morris Saxby, it is _An Ode on Virtue by a Young Author, dedicated +to Dr. William Saxby; with a Preface and Notes, Critical and Explanatory, +by a Friend_--"Mens sibi conscia recti"--A good intention. Printed anno +Domini MDCCXCI, pp. 16. + +A more stupid production could not easily be found; but, as it must be +scarce, if the story about the destruction of all but eight copies is true, +I transcribe a part of the dedication: + + "Most August Doctor, + + "The reputation you have acquired by professional merit, with the + respect which is universally shown to you on account of your practical + observance of moral philosophy, has induced me to select you as a + protector of the following work; which being evidently intended to + promote a cause for which you was always a zealous advocate, I have + nourished the most flattering hopes that you will be rather pleased + than offended by this unwarrantable presumption. + + "It is necessary I should deviate from the general rule of celebrating + a patron's virtues in a high strain of panegyric, being sensible how + generally yours are known, and how justly admired."--P. 3. + +The ode contains only ten lines: + + "Virtue, a mere chimera amongst the fair, + Is now quite vanquished into air; + Formerly it was thought a thing of worth, + But now who thinks of such poor stuff. + It's only put on to deceive, + That us poor mortals on them may crave; + Fall down and swear their beauty far + Surpasses what are ever saw! + Then they who think all's true that's said," &c. + +I omit the final line as unseemly. + +Dr. Saxby is mentioned only on the title-page, and that part of the +dedication which I have copied. He must have been a sensitive man to have +felt such an attack, and a prompt one to settle his account with the author +so quickly. As it is obvious that the ode was published solely to annoy +him, we may be allowed to hope that in the "severe personal chastisement" +he was not sparing of whipcord. The absence of place of publication and +printer's name render inquiry difficult; and there is no indication as to +whether Dr. Saxby was of Divinity, Law, or Physic. + +H. B. C. + +U. U. Club. + +_"My mind to me a kingdom is"_ (Vol. i., pp. 302. 489.; Vol. vi., pp. 555. +615.).--The idea is Shakspeare's (Third Part of _Hen. VI._): + + "_Keeper._ Ay, but thou talk'st as if thou wert a king. + _K. Henry._ Why, so I am in mind; and that's enough." + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_Claret_ (Vol. vii., p. 237.).--The word claret seems to me to be the same +as the French word _clairet_, both adjective and substantive; as a +substantive it means a low and cheap sort of _claret_, sold in France, and +drawn from the barrel like beer in England; as an adjective it is a +diminutive of _clair_, and implies that the wine is transparent. + +JOHN LAMMENS. + +Manchester. + +_Suicide at Marseilles_ (Vol. vii., pp. 180. 316.).--The original authority +for the custom at Marseilles, of keeping poison at the public expense for +the accommodation of all who could give the senate satisfactory reasons for +committing suicide, is Valerius Maximus, lib. ii. cap. vi. § 7. + +ZEUS. + +_Etymology of Slang_ (Vol. vii., p. 331.).-- + + "SLANGS are the greaves with which the legs of convicts are fettered, + having acquired that name from the manner in which they were worn, as + they required a sling of string to keep them off the ground.... The + irons were the _slangs_; and the slang-wearer's language was of course + slangous, as partaking much if not wholly of the + _slang_."--_Sportsman's Slang, a New Dictionary and Varieties of Life_, + by John Bee: Preface, p. 5. + +ZEUS. + +_Scanderbeg's Sword_ (Vol. vii., pp. 35. 143.).--The proverb, "Scanderbeg's +sword must have Scanderbeg's arm," is founded on the following story: + + "George Castriot, Prince of Albania, one of the strongest and + valiantest men that lived these two hundred yeares, had a cimeter, + which Mahomet the Turkish Emperor, his mortall enemy, desired to see. + Castriot (surnamed of the Turks, Ischenderbeg, that is, Great + Alexander, because of his valiantnesse), having received a pledge for + the restitution of his cimeter, sent it so far as Constantinople to + Mahomet, in whose court there was not any man found that could with any + ease wield that piece of steele: so that Mahomet sending it back + againe, enioyned the messenger to tell the prince, that in this action + he kind proceeded enemy-like, and with a fraudulent mind, sending a + counterfeit cimeter {512} to make his enemie afraid. Ischenderbeg writ + back to him, that he had simply without fraud or guile sent him his + owne cimeter, with the which he used to helpe himselfe couragiously in + the wars; but that he had not sent him the hand and the arme which with + the cimeter cleft the Turkes in two, struck off their heads, shoulders, + legs, and other parts, yea, sliced them of by the wast; and that verie + shortly he would show him a fresh proofe thereof; which afterwards he + performed."--_Historical Meditations from the Latin of P. Camerarius_, + by John Molle, Esquire, 1621, book iv. Cap. xvi. p. 299. + +The following, relating to the arm and sword of Scanderbeg, may perhaps not +inappropriately be added, although not connected with the proverb: + + "Marinus Barletius (lib. i.) reports of Scanderbeg, Prince of Epirus + (that most terrible enemy of the Turks), that, from his mother's womb, + he brought with him into the world a notable mark of warlike glory: for + he had upon his right arm a sword, so well set on, as if it had been + drawn with the pencil of the most curious and skilful painter in the + world."--Wanley's _Wonders of the Little World_, 1678, book i. cap. + vii. + +ZEUS. + +_Arago on the Weather_ (Vol. vii., p. 40.).--ELSNO will find extracts from +Arago's papers in the _Pictorial Almanack_, 1847, p. 30., and in the _Civil +Engineer and Architects' Journal_, which volume I cannot say, but I think +that for 1847. Also in the _Monthly Chronicle_, vol. i. p. 60., and vol. +ii. p. 209.; the annals of the _Bureau des Longitudes_ for 1834 and the +_Annuaire_ for 1833. + +SHIRLEY HIBBERD. + +_Rathe_ (Vol. vii., p. 392.).--MR. CROSSLEY is, I believe, mistaken in his +derivation of the word _rathe_ from the Celtic _raithe_, signifying +inclination, although _rather_ seems indisputably to belong to it. _Rathe_ +is, I believe, identical with the Saxon adjective _rætha_, signifying +early. Chaucer's-- + + "What aileth you so _rathe_ for to arise," + +has been already quoted as bearing this meaning. Milton, in Lycidas, has-- + + "Bring the _rathe_ primrose that forsaken dies." + +In a pastoral, called a "Palinode," by E. B., probably Edmond Bolton, in +England's _Helicon_, edit. 1614, occurs: + + "And make the _rathe_ and timely primrose grow." + +And we have "_rathe_ and late," in a pastoral in Davidson's _Poems_, 4th +edit., London, 1621. + +_Rathe_ is a word still in use in the Weald of Sussex, where Saxon still +lingers in the dialect of the common people; and a _rathe_, instead of an +early spring, is spoken of; and a species of early apple is known as the +_Rathe_-ripe. + +ANON. + +_Carr Pedigree_ (Vol. vii., p. 408.).--The pedigree description of Lady +Carr is "Gresil, daughter of Sir Robert Meredyth, Knt., Chancellor of the +Exchequer in Ireland." Sir George Carr died Feb. 13, 1662-3, and was buried +in Dublin. His sons were 1, Thomas, and 2, William; and a daughter Mary, +who married 1st, Dr. Thomas Margetson (son to the Archbishop of Armagh); +and 2ndly, Dr. Michael Ward. The pedigree is continued through Thomas the +eldest son, who was the father of the Bishop of Killaloe. It does not +appear that William left any issue. His wife's name was Elizabeth, daughter +of Edward Sing, D.D., Lord Bishop of Cork. + +W. ST. + +_Banbury Cakes_ (Vol. vii., p. 106.).--In _A Treatise of Melancholy_, by T. +Bright, doctor of physic, and published in 1586, I find the following: + + "Sodden wheat is of a grosse and melancholicke nourishment, and bread + especially of the fine flower unleavened: of this sort are bag-puddings + or pan-puddings made with flour, frittars, pancakes, such as we call + _Banberie cakes_, and those great ones confected with butter, eggs, + &c., used at weddings; and howsoever it be prepared, rye and bread made + thereof carrieth with it plentie of melancholie." + +H. A. B. + +_Detached Belfry Towers_ (Vol. vii., pp. 333. 416. 465.).--To your already +extensive list of church towers separate from the church, Launceston +Church, Cornwall, and St. John's Church, Chester, may not unfittingly be +added. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +Elstow, Bedfordshire, is an instance of a bell tower separated from the +body of the church. + +B. H. C. + +_Dates on Tombstones_ (Vol. vii., p. 331.).--A correspondent asks for +instances of dates on tombstones prior to 1601. I cannot give any, but I +can refer to some slabs lying upon the ground in a churchyard near Oundle +(Tausor if I remember aright), on which appear in relief recumbent figures +with the hands upon the breast, crossed, or in the attitude of prayer. +These are of a much earlier date, and I should be much pleased to know if +many or any such instances elsewhere occur. + +B. H. C. + +_Subterranean Bells_ (Vol. vii., pp. 128. 328.).--Bells under ground and +under water, so often referred to, remind me of the Oundle Drumming Well, +which I remember seeing when a child. There is a legend connected with it +which I heard, but cannot accurately recollect. The well itself is referred +to in Brand, vol. ii. p. 369. (Bohn's ed.), but the legend is not given. + +B. H. C. + +_Mistletoe in Ireland_ (Vol. ii., p. 270.).--I have just received, in full +blossom, a very fine spray from a luxuriant plant of this parasite growing +on an apple tree in the gardens of Farmley, the seat of William Lloyd +Flood, Esq., in the county of Kilkenny. This plant of mistletoe has existed +at {513} Farmley beyond the memory of the present generation; but Mr. +Flood's impression, communicated to me, is, that it was artificially +produced from seed by some former gardener. If natural, which _may_ be the +case, this instance of its occurrence in Ireland is, I believe, unique. + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny. + +_Stars and Flowers_ (Vol. iv., p. 22.; Vol. vii., p. 151. 341.).--Passages +illustrative of this similitude have been quoted from Cowley, Longfellow, +Hood, and Moir. The metaphor is also made use of by Darwin, in his _Loves +of the Plants_: + + "Roll on, ye stars! exult in youthful prime, + Mark with bright curves the printless steps of time; + _Flowers of the sky!_ ye, too, to age must yield, + Frail as your silken sisters of the field." + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_The Painting by Fuseli_ (Vol. vii., p. 453.).--The picture by the late +Henry Fuseli, R.A., inquired after by MR. SANSOM, is in the collection at +Sir John Soane's Museum; it was purchased by him in 1802. + +It was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1780, and is thus entered in the +Catalogue of that year: + + "No. 77. Ezzelin Bracciaferro musing over Meduna, destroyed by him, for + disloyalty, during his absence in the Holy Land. _Fuseli._" + +There is an engraving of the picture in _Essays on Physiognomy_, by J. C. +Lavater, translated from the French by Henry Hunter, D.D., 4to.: London, +1789. The _second_ volume, p. 294. + +The inscription under that engraving, by Holloway, is as follows: + + "Ezzelin, Count of Ravenna, surnamed Bracciaferro or Iron Arm, musing + over the body of Meduna; slain by him, for infidelity, during his + absence in the Holy Land." + +GEORGE BAILEY. + +The subject of your correspondent J. SANSOM'S inquiry is in the Soane +Museum, Lincoln's Inn Fields. Search among the Italian story-tellers will +not discover the origin of the picture of Count Ezzelin's remorse: it +sprung from that fertile source of fearful images--Henry Fuseli's brain. +The work might well have been left without a name, but for the requirements +of the Royal Academy Catalogue, and, it must be added, Fuseli's desire to +mystify the Italian as well as the other scholars of his day. + +For confirmation of the correctness of these statements, I refer your +correspondent to the _Life of Fuseli_ by Knowles, and to that by Cunningham +in the _Lives of the British Painters_. + +R. F., Jun. + +_"Navita Erythræum"_ (Vol. vii., p. 382.).--Since I requested a reference +to these lines, I have possessed myself of a very elaborate Latin work on +_Bells_, in two vols. 8vo., published at Rome, 1822, by Alexander +Lazzarinus, _De Vario Tintinnabulorum usu apud veteres Hebræos et +Ethnicos_: wherein, in a section on the effect of the sound of bells on +different animals, he quotes those very lines from "Cornelius Kilianus +Dufflæus in suis poematibus." + +I shall now be thankful to be told something about the said Dufflæus,--who +and what he was,--when and where he lived? + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + +Rectory, Clyst St. George. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +The success which has attended _The Chronological New Testament_ has +encouraged the publisher of that most useful work to undertake an edition +of the entire Scriptures on a similar plan; and we have now before us the +First Part of _The English Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments +according to the authorised Version: newly divided into Paragraphs, with +concise Introductions to the several Books; and with Maps and Notes +illustrative of the Chronology, History, and Geography of the Holy +Scriptures; containing also the most remarkable Variations of the ancient +Versions, and the chief Results of modern Criticism_. Even this ample +title-page does not, however, point out the many helps towards a better +understanding of the Word of God, which, by improvements in its division +and typographical arrangement, are here furnished for the use of the devout +student: and which has this great recommendation in our eyes, as we have no +doubt it will be its greatest in that of many of our readers, that it is no +endeavour to furnish a new translation, but only an attempt to turn our +noble authorised version to the best account. The present Part completes +the Book of Genesis, and we have little doubt that its success will be such +as to secure for the publisher that patronage which will enable him to +complete so desirable a work as his "_New Edition of the authorised Version +of the Bible_." While on this subject, we may fitly call attention to the +eighth number of _The Museum of Classical Antiquities: a Quarterly Journal +of Ancient Art_, and its accompanying _Supplement_, both of which are +entirely occupied with a question which, from its connexion with our +holiest and most religious feelings, must always command our deepest +attention,--namely, the true site of Calvary, and of the Holy Sepulchre. +The question is discussed at considerable length, and with great learning +and acuteness; and, we trust, from its generally interesting character, may +have the effect of drawing attention to a journal which deserves the +patronage of scholars to a greater extent than, from the prefatory notice, +it would appear to have received up to the present time. + +The Second Part of _The Ulster Journal of Archæology_ has just appeared. We +cannot better recommend it to our antiquarian friends than by pointing out +that it contains the following papers:--1. Metropolitan Visitation of the +Diocese of Derry, A.D. 1397. 2. Iona. 3. Anglo-Norman Families of Lecale, +County Down. {514} 4. Ogham Inscriptions. 5. Irish Surnames, their past and +present Forms. 6. The Island of Tory in the Pagan Period. 7. Origin and +Characteristics of the People in the Counties of Down and Antrim. 8. King +William's Progress to the Boyne. 9. Antiquarian Notes and Queries. 10. +Annals of Ulster. + +We ought, in the same way, to specify the various papers to be found in the +recently-published _Reports and Papers read at the Meetings of the +Architectural Society of the Archdeaconry of Northampton and the Counties +of York and Lincoln; and of the Architectural and Archæological Society of +the County of Bedford during the Year 1852_,--but such a course is +obviously impossible. There is one paper in the volume which, as especially +worthy the attention of those interested in our Ecclesiastical History, +deserves to be particularly noticed, namely, the Rev. G. A. Poole's +_Synchronological Table of the Bishops of the English Sees from the Year +1050 to 1550_. How much good service might be done to Historical Literature +by the compilation and printing of many documents of a similar character! + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +SCOTT, REMARKS ON THE BEST WRITINGS OF THE BEST AUTHORS (or some such +title). + +SERMONS BY THE REV. ROBERT WAKE, M.A. 1704, 1712, &c. + +HISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, by SIR R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts. + +REV. A. DYCE'S EDITION OF DR. RICHARD BENTLEY'S WORKS. Vol. III. Published +by Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, Holborn. 1836. + +DISSERTATION ON ISAIAH XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, ESQ., by SAMUEL +LORD BISHOP OF ROCHESTER (HORSLEY). The Quarto Edition, printed for Robson. +1779. + +BEN JONSON'S WORKS. 9 Vols. 8vo. Vols. II., III., IV. Bds. + +SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOVELS. 41 Vols. 8vo. The last nine Vols. Boards. + +JACOB'S ENGLISH PEERAGE. Folio Edition, 1766. Vols. 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Our advertising columns show +sufficiently where they may be procured._ + +_Many Replies to Correspondents are unavoidably omitted._ + +_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price +Three Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, 8vo., 7s. 6d. + +THE TEXT OF SHAKESPEARE VINDICATED from the Interpolations and Corruptions +advocated by John Payne Collier, Esq., in his "Notes and Emendations." By +SAMUEL WELLER SINGER. + + "To blot old books and alter their contents." + _Rape of Lucrece._ + +Also, preparing for immediate Publication, in Ten Volumes, fcap. 8vo., to +appear Monthly, + +THE DRAMATIC WORKS OF WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE, the Text completely revised, with +Notes, and various Readings. By SAMUEL WELLER SINGER. + +London: Published by WM. PICKERING. + + * * * * * + + +Just published in 4to. price 22s. cloth, + +CATALOGI CODICUM MANUSCRIPTORUM BIBLIOTHECÆ BODLEIANÆ--PARS PRIMA +RECENSIONEM CODICUM GRÆCORUM continens, confecit H. O. COXE, A.M., +Hypo-Bibliothecarius. + +Oxonii.: Typographeo Academico. Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 377. +Strand, London; and GARDNER, 7. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + + +TO PARENTS, GUARDIANS, RESIDENTS IN INDIA, &c.--A Lady residing within an +hour's drive westward of Hyde Park, and in a most healthy and cheerful +situation, is desirous of taking the entire charge of a little girl, to +share with her only child (about a year and a half old) her maternal care +and affection, together with the strictest attention to mental training. +Terms, including every possible expense except medical attendance, 100l. +per annum. If required, the most unexceptionable references can be +furnished. + +Address to T. B. S., care of MR. 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The former edition contained 150 pages. +Those who have, and likewise those who may be pleased to purchase the Work, +can obtain at the publishers, free of charge, a Supplement containing some +additions and corrections, and also high Commendations of the Work, which +have been extracted from various Reviews and Periodicals. + +Published by J. H. PARKER, 377. Strand, London; and J. GRAINGER, 18. +Foregate, Worcester. + + * * * * * + + +This day is published in 8vo., pp. 542, price 12s. 6d. + +HISTORY of the BYZANTINE EMPIRE, from DCCXVI. to MLVII. By GEORGE FINLAY, +Esq., Honorary Member of the Royal Society of Literature. + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London; + +Who have lately published, by the same Author, + +GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS: a Historical View of the Greek Nation, from the +time of its Conquest by the Romans until the Extinction of the Roman Empire +in the East, B.C. 146-A.D. 717, 8vo., pp. 554, price 16s. + +HISTORY OF GREECE, from its Conquest by the Crusaders to its Conquest by +the Turks, and of the EMPIRE OF TREBIZOND, 1204-1461, 8vo., pp. 520, price +12s. {515} + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for the delicacy of detail rival the +choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their +Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. 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PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + +_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._ + + * * * * * + + +The Twenty-eighth Edition. + +NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on +the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means +of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by +DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from +the Author for Five Penny Stamps. + +"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the +careful perusal of our invalid readers."--_John Bull Newspaper, June 5, +1852._ + + * * * * * + + +PULLEYN'S COMPENDIUM. +One Volume, crown 8vo., bound in cloth, price 6s., + +THE ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM: or, PORTFOLIO OF ORIGINS AND INVENTIONS; +relating to-- + + Language, Literature, and Government. + Architecture and Sculpture. + Drama, Music, Painting, and Scientific Discoveries. + Articles of Dress, &c. + Titles, Dignities, &c. + Names, Trades, Professions. + Parliament, Laws, &c. + Universities and Religious Sects. + Epithets and Phrases. + Remarkable Customs. + Games, Field Sports. + Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week. + Remarkable Localities, &c. &c. + +By WILLIAM PULLEYN. + +The Third Edition, revised and improved, by MERTON A. THOMS, ESQ. + +London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO., 85 Queen Street, Cheapside. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of +the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his +practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection +of Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve +the sight to extreme old age. + +ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the +Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so +constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface +of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a +telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than +could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on +application to + +WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + +_Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + W. 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By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +CITY OF LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 2. Royal Exchange Buildings, London. + +Subscribed Capital, a Quarter of a Million. + + _Trustees._ + Mr. Commissioner West, Leeds. + The Hon. W. F. Campbell, Stratheden House. + John Thomas, Esq., Bishop's Stortford. + + * * * * * + +This Society embraces every advantage of existing Life Offices, viz. the +Mutual System without its risks of liabilities: the Proprietary, with its +security, simplicity, and economy: the Accumulative System, introduced by +this Society, uniting life with the convenience of a deposit bank: +Self-Protecting Policies, also introduced by this Society, embracing by one +policy and one rate of premium a Life Assurance, an Endowment, and a +Deferred Annuity. No forfeiture. Loans with commensurate Assurances. Bonus +recently declared, 20 per Cent. + +EDW. FRED. LEEKS, Secretary. {516} + + * * * * * + + +NEW WORKS + +PUBLISHED BY + +ADDEY & CO., 21. OLD BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + +In One Volume, post 8vo., price 10s. 6d. cloth, + +AUSTRALIA VISITED AND REVISITED: + +A Narrative of recent Travels and old Experiences in the Golden, Pastoral, +and Agricultural Districts of Victoria and New South Wales. + +By SAMUEL MOSSMAN, Author of "The Gold Regions of Australia," &c. and +THOMAS BANISTER, Author of "England and her Dependencies," &c. + +With Maps by A. K. JOHNSTON, Geographer to Her Majesty. + + "The narrative is of a truthful, matter-of-fact character. The writers + tell us what they saw, with little if any colouring or exaggeration. + Wherever there is any interest in the things themselves, it is + preserved in the book, whether it relates to the appearance of the + gold-diggings and the diggers or their mode of life--to the places + frequently depopulated of _men_ by the gold fever pervading the + colonies, to the night bivouac of quiet people to avoid the close + atmosphere and riotous companions at the roadside inns from the crowds + rushing to or returning from the diggings, or to many other more + permanent scenes of still or animated life. With the actual are mingled + remarks on Australia, and advice to emigrants, the latter of which is + of a judicious kind."--_Spectator._ + + "The authors of this compact volume have well worked out the purpose + they had in view, as put forth in the preface, making the book a real + book, indulging in no flights of imagination lest injury should be + inflicted thereby upon the uninformed and ingenuous.... This + straightforward and eminently practical book."--_Lloyd's Weekly News._ + + * * * * * + +In fcap. 4to., printed and bound in the style of the period, price 21s., or +in morocco, 36s. + +THE DIARY AND HOURES OF THE LADYE ADOLIE, + +A FAYTHFULLE CHILDE, 1552. + +Edited by the LADY CHARLOTTE PEPYS. + + "This work resembles several productions of the last few years. The + Diary professes to be written by a noble young lady of the sixteenth + century. 'Lady Adolie' has an advantage over most of its precursors in + the greater depth and variety of the incidents. The Journal begins just + before the accession of Bloody Mary, and ends with the martyrdom of the + youthful writer at Smithfield.... The book is charmingly written; the + kindly, simple, loving spirit of a girl in her teens, thrown much upon + her own resources, is truthfully depicted, as well as the firm piety of + that age."--_Spectator._ + + "The familiar conversation of the day, as sought to be reproduced in + this Diary, wears an appearance of singular truthfulness, and whether + the topic be the deathbed of good King Edward, the merits of Somerset, + Ladye Jane Grey, her Grace the Ladye Elysabeth, the Queen herself, or + the demeanour of her Spanish husband, the proceedings of Cardinal Pole, + the doings at the Tower prison, the volume reflects as in a faithful + mirror the opinions current in the national mind."--_Globe._ + + * * * * * + +BY THE AUTHOR OF "CHILD'S PLAY." + +In medium 4to., handsomely bound, price 15s. + +A CHILDREN'S SUMMER. + +Eleven Etchings on Steel by E. U. B. + +ILLUSTRATED IN PROSE AND RHYME BY M. L. B. & W. M. C. + +India Proofs on Large Paper, in Portfolio, price 31s. 6d. + + "What cordial admiration, what honest unaffected praise, have we to + bestow on these etchings! Never did we see a more perfect harmony + expressed throughout between accomplishment and grace of hand and moral + beauty of mind. Not the most faultless of mere correctness of drawing + could have the effect which these etchings produce. Within outlines + imperfect as we have described them, often the most exalted fancies are + found. The arrangement is almost always excellent--than the groupings + of the figures, and the composition of each scene, nothing for the most + part can be better. And the beautiful sympathy with children that is + displayed, the enjoyment in their joy, their gay sports their tender + little thoughtful gravities and their innocent purity of affection + which brings round them the thoughts of angels--all this has most + delightful expression in 'A Children's Summer.'"--_Examiner._ + + * * * * * + +In Two Vols. crown 8vo., price 12s., elegantly bound in cloth, gilt, + +GRIMM'S HOUSEHOLD STORIES. + +COMPLETE EDITION. + +The celebrated Stories of the Brothers Grimm. + +Embellished with 200 small and 36 full-page Illustrations by E. H. WEHNERT. + + "From time to time we have noticed the periodical appearances of this + edition of the famous book of the Brothers Grimm, and have only now to + mention the fact of its completion into two compact, well-filled + volumes. The translation is done in just the simple, homely way which + suits best with the stories.... Every juvenile library should possess + this excellent 'Grimm.'"--_Examiner._ + + "The two volumes of 'Household Stories,' translated from the Messrs. + Grimm, are the completed form of an edition which was issued in + numbers, and which has from time to time been mentioned by us as in + course of publication. What with Mr. Wehnert's admirable illustrations + (of which the number is almost countless) and the general elegance of + production, the work now presents an appearance sufficiently seductive + to the juvenile class of readers, to whom it is more particularly + addressed."--_Athenæum._ + + "We cannot again avoid alluding to Mr. Wehnert's illustrations to + 'Grimm.' They are instinct with the most vital spirit of German + legendary romance--remote, unreal, grotesque, and suggestive; with + strange bits of landscape and beautiful human faces (those of the + children remarkably so), and with a singular absence of strong contrast + of light and shade, as though the sun which shone upon them was not the + same which shines upon this earth."--_Athenæum_, second notice. + + "The stories are delightful."--_Leader._ + + * * * * * + +In 8vo., handsomely bound in cloth gilt, price 5s., the First Volume of + +THE CHARM: + +A BOOK FOR BOYS AND GIRLS. + +THE CONTRIBUTIONS BY MRS. HARRIET MYRTLE, ALFRED ELWES, J. H. PEPPER, +FREDERICA GRAHAM, CLARA DE CHATELAIN, &c. + +Embellished with more than One Hundred Illustrations by LEJEUNE, KAULBACH, +WEIR, WEHNERT, ABSOLON, SKILL, &c. &c. + +_The Work is continued in Monthly Numbers, price Sixpence each._ + + "A word in praise of the charming periodical for children, 'The Charm,' + which is more eagerly looked for by several youngsters we know than + "Bleak House' is by their parents."--_Leader._ + + "Children, we find, love this periodical."--_Critic._ + + "'The Charm' is an excellent monthly periodical, full of pleasant + stories and engravings."--_Atlas._ + + "An attractive and well-varied book."--_Spectator._ + + "'The Charm,' a book for boys and girls, is the completed volume, + handsomely bound, of a book which has been appearing in monthly numbers + during the year, and in which form we have several times noticed it + with warm approval. It is full of interesting matter to read, and + adorned with upwards of one hundred engravings, of admirable execution, + illustrative of natural history, topography, juvenile science, + costumes, and sports, drawn by the best artist."--_Critic._ + + * * * * * + +WITH FIVE HUNDRED PICTURES. + +Large 4to., 6s. in elegant Picture Binding, by LUKE LIMNER, a New Edition +of + +THE PICTURE PLEASURE BOOK; + +CONTAINING FIVE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE MOST EMINENT ARTISTS. + +An Edition is also published mounted on cloth, price 12s. + + "'The Picture Pleasure Book' is really the child's joy, for it gives + him large folio pages full of woodcuts, executed in the best style of + art, teaching him natural history, educating his eye to good drawing + and graceful form, and telling stories in pictures. It is an admirable + design, and no house that holds children should be without + it."--_Critic._ + + * * * * * + +LONDON: ADDEY AND CO., 21. OLD BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10 Stonefield Street, in the Parish of +St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, May 21. +1853. + +Corrections made to printed original. + +p501. "the birth of Antonius Stradivarius" - "Autonius" in original + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 186, May 21, +1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20409-8.txt or 20409-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/4/0/20409/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 186, May 21, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 21, 2007 [EBook #20409] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;" summary="note"> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +A few typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the +explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passage. Sections in Greek will yield a transliteration when the pointer is moved over them. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><!-- Page 493 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page493"></a>{493}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" > + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 186.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, May</span> 21, 1853.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br /> Stamped Edition + 5d.</b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>CONTENTS.</h3> + + +<table class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Lord Bacon's "Advancement of Learning"</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page493">493</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Erection of Forts at Michnee and Pylos, by C. Forbes</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page495">495</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Hoveden's Annals: Bohn's "Antiquarian Library," by James + Graves</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page495">495</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Folk Lore</span>:—Raven + Superstition—African Folk Lore —Funeral Custom</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page496">496</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Shakspeare Readings, No. VII.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page496">496</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—Portrait of + Luther—Randle Wilbraham —Unpublished Epigram by Sir W. + Scott—Crassus' Saying</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page498">498</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Bees and the Sphynx atropos, by Sydney Smirke</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page499">499</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>"The Craftsman's Apology," by James Crossley</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page499">499</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Palissy and Cardinal Wiseman</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page499">499</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:—Polidus—St. + Paul's Epistles to Seneca—Meaning of "folowed"—Roman + Catholic Registers—St. Alban's Day—Meigham, the London + Printer—Adamsoniana—Canker or Brier Rose— "Short + red, god red"—Overseers of Wills—Lepel's + Regiment—Vincent Family—Passage in the First Part of + Faust—Lady Anne Gray—Continental Brasses —Peter + Beaver—Cremonas—Cranmer and Calvin</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page499">499</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:—"A + Letter to a Convocation Man"—Prester John—Homer's Iliad + in a Nut—Monogram of Parker Society—The Five Alls— + Corvizer</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page502">502</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>English Comedians in Germany</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page503">503</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>A Gentleman executed for whipping a Slave to Death, by Henry H. + Breen</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page503">503</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Longevity</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page504">504</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Derivation of Canada, by Robert Wright</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page504">504</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Setantiorum Portus</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page505">505</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic + Correspondence</span>:—Stereoscopic Queries —Photographic + Portraits of Criminals, &c.—Photography applied to + Catalogues of Books—Application of Photography to the + Microscope</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page505">505</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:—Discovery + At Nuneham Regis—Eulenspiegel, or Howleglas—Parochial + Libraries —Painter—Pepys's "Morena"—Pylades and + Corinna—Judge Smith—Grindle—Simile of the Soul and + the Magnetic Needle—English Bishops deprived by Queen + Elizabeth—Borrowed Thoughts—Dr. South <i>v.</i> + Goldsmith, Talleyrand, &c.—Foucault's Experiment + —Passage in "Locksley Hall"—Lake of Geneva—"Inter + cuncta micans"—"Its"—Gloves at Fairs—Astronomical + Query—Tortoiseshell Tom Cat—Sizain on the Pope, the + Devil, and the Pretender —Wandering Jew—Hallett and Dr. + Saxby— "My mind to me a kingdom is"—Claret—Suicide + at Marseilles—Etymology of Slang—Scanderbeg's Sword + —Arago on the Weather—Rathe—Carr Pedigree— + Banbury Cakes—Detached Belfry Towers, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page507">507</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page513">513</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page514">514</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page514">514</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><a href="#page514">514</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>NOTES.</h2> + +<h3>LORD BACON'S "ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING."</h3> + + <p>Considering the large number of quotations from previous writers which + occur in Lord Bacon's works, and especially in his most popular and + generally read works—his <i>Essays</i> and his <i>Advancement of + Learning</i>—it is remarkable how little his editors have done for + the illustration of his text in this respect. The French editors of + Montaigne's <i>Essays</i>, who is likewise a writer abounding in + quotations, have bestowed much care on this portion of their author's + text. The defect in question has, however, been to a great extent + supplied in a recent edition of the <i>Advancement of Learning</i>, + published by Mr. Parker in West Strand; and it is to be hoped that the + beginning, so usefully made, may be followed up by similar editions of + other of Bacon's works.</p> + + <p>The edition in question, though it traces the great majority of + Bacon's quotations, has left some gleanings to its successors; and I + propose now to call attention to a few passages of the <i>Advancement of + Learning</i> which, after the labours of the late editor, seem still to + require further elucidation. My references are to the pages of the new + edition:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>P. 25. "Then grew the flowing and watery vein of Osorius the Portugal + bishop to be in price."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The editor prints <i>Orosius</i> for <i>Osorius</i>, and adds this + note:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"All the editions have <i>Osorius</i>, which, however, must be a mere + misprint. He was not a Portuguese, but a Spaniard, born at Tarragona, nor + indeed ever a bishop. He was sent by St. Augustine on a mission to + Jerusalem, and is supposed to have died in Africa in the earlier part of + the fifth century."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The text of Bacon is quite right. The allusion is not to Paulus + Orosius, a Spaniard, who flourished at the beginning of the fifth + century; but to Jerome Osorio, who was born at Lisbon in 1506, afterwards + became Bishop of Silves, and died in 1580. His works were published at + Rome in 1592, in 4 vols. folio. His principal work, <i>De rebus Emanuelis + Virtute et Auspicio gestis</i>, which first appeared in 1571, was several + times reprinted, and was translated into French and English. <!-- Page + 494 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page494"></a>{494}</span></p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>P. 31. "Time, which is the author of authors."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In <i>Nov. Org.</i>, i. 84., Time is called "Auctor auctorum, atque + adeo omnis auctoritatis."</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>P. 34. "But of these conceits Aristotle speaketh seriously and wisely, + when he saith, 'Qui respiciunt ad pauca de facili pronunciant."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The editor does not attempt to trace this passage. Query, If it is not + in Aristotle, where is it to be found?</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>P. 60. "Ulysses, 'Qui vetulam prætulit immortalitati' is a figure of + those which prefer custom and habit before all excellency."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The editor refers to <i>Cic. de Orat.</i>, i. 44., where it is said + that such is the love of country,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ut Ithacam illam, in asperrimis saxulis, tanquam nidulum, affixam, + sapientissimus vir immortalitati anteponeret."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Another application of the saying is made by Bacon in his Essay VIII., + "On Marriage and Single Life:"</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly + loving husbands, as was said of Ulysses, 'vetulam suam prætulit + immortalitati.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The passage in Cicero does not agree with the dictum quoted by Bacon, + which seems to be a reference to the <i>Odyssey</i>, v. 136. 208-10.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>P. 62. "Claudus in vià antevertit cursorem extra viam."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The same proverb is quoted in <i>Nov. Org.</i>, i. 61.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>P. 85. "Omnia mutantur, nil interit"—</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>from Ovid, <i>Met.</i>, xv. 165.</p> + + <p>Several passages are cited by Bacon from Seneca, which the editor does + not trace. Thus, in p. 146., it is said,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Nocet illis eloquentia, quibus non rerum cupiditatem facit, sed + sui."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Page 147.,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Vere magnum habere fragilitatem hominis, securitatem Dei."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The same passage is also quoted by Bacon in Essay V., "On Adversity," + and in the treatise <i>De Sap. Vet.</i>, vol. x. p. 343., edit. + Montagu.</p> + + <p>Again, p. 159.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"De partibus vitæ quisque deliberat, de summâ nemo."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Page 152.,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Cogita quamdiu eadem feceris," &c.,</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>repeated in part in the "Essay on Death."</p> + + <p>This last passage is taken, with considerable verbal variations, from + Epist. 77. § 6.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Therefore Aristotle, when he thinks to tax Democritus, doth in truth + commend him, where he saith, <i>If we shall indeed dispute, and not + follow after similitudes</i>," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The passage referred to is in <i>Eth. Nic.</i>, vi. 3.; but it + contains no allusion to Democritus, who is not even named in the + <i>Ethics</i>; and the word which Bacon renders <i>dispute</i> (<span + title="akribologeisthai" class="grk" + >ἀκριβολογεῖσθαι</span>) + means <i>to speak with precision</i>.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>P. 163. "For as the ancient politiques in popular states were wont to + compare the people to the sea, and the orators to the winds."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The allusion is to a couplet of Solon:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span title="ex anemôn de thalassa tarassetai? ên de tis autên" class="grk">ἐξ ἀνεμων δὲ θάλασσα ταράσσεται· ἢν δέ τις αὐτὴν</span></p> + <p class="i2"><span title="mê kinêi, pantôn esti dikaiotatê." class="grk">μὴ κινῇ, πάντων ἐστι δικαιοτάτη.</span>"</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Fragm.</i> i. 8., ed. Gaisford.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>And to a passage of Livy (xxviii. 27.):</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Multitudo omnis, sicut natura maris, per se immobilis est, venti et + auræ cient."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Compare Babrius, fab. 71.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>P. 165. "Did not one of the Fathers, in great indignation, call poesy + <i>vinum dæmonum</i>?"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The same citation recurs in Essay I., "On Truth:"</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"One of the Fathers, in great severity, called poesy <i>vinum + dæmonum</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Query, Who is the Father alluded to?</p> + + <p>Page 177., the sayings, "Faber quisque fortunæ propriæ" is cited; and + again, p. 178., "Faber quisque fortunæ suæ." In Essay XL., "On Fortune," + it is quoted, with the addition, "saith the poet." The words are to be + found in Sallust, <i>Ad Cæsar. de Rep. Ord.</i>, ii. 1.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Sed res docuit, id verum esse, quad in carminibus Appius ait, fabrum + suæ esse quemque fortunæ."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The Appius alluded to is Appius Claudius the Censor.</p> + + <p>Bacon proceeds to say:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"This conceit or position [viz. 'Faber quisque,' &c.], if it be + too much declared and professed, hath been thought a thing impolitic and + unlucky, as was observed in Timotheus the Athenian, who, having done many + great services to the estate in his government, and giving an account + thereof to the people, as the manner was, did conclude every particular + with this clause, 'And in this Fortune had no part.' And it came so to + pass, that he never prospered in anything he took in hand + afterwards."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The anecdote is as follows:—Timotheus had been ridiculed by the + comic poets, on account of the small share which his own management had + had in his successes. A satirical painting had likewise been made, in + which he was represented sleeping, while Fortune stood over him, and drew + the cities into his net. (See Plutarch, <i>Reg. et Imp. Apophth.</i>, + vol. ii. p. 42., ed. Tauchnitz; Ælian, V. H. xiii. 42.) On one occasion, + however, having returned from a successful expedition, he remarked to the + Athenians, in allusion to the previous sarcasms, that in this campaign at + least Fortune had no share. Plutarch, who relates the latter <!-- Page + 495 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page495"></a>{495}</span> anecdote + in his <i>Life of Sylla</i>, c. 6., proceeds to say, that this boast gave + so much offence to the deity, that he never afterwards prospered in any + of his enterprises. His reverse of luck, in consequence of his + vainglorious language against Fortune, is also alluded to by Dio + Chrysost. <i>Orat.</i>, lxiv. § 19., edit. Emper. It will be observed + that Plutarch refers the saying of Timotheus to a single expedition; + whereas Bacon multiplies it, by extending it over a series of acts.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>P. 172. "Cicero reporteth that it was then in use for senators that + had name and opinion for general wise men, as Coruncanius, Curius, + Lælius, and many others, to walk at certain hours in the Place," + &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The passage alluded to is <i>De Orat.</i>, iii. 83. The persons there + named are Sex. Ælius, Manius Manilius, P. Crassus, Tib. Coruncanius, and + Scipio.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>P. 179. "We will begin, therefore, with this precept, according to the + ancient opinion, that the sinews of wisdom are slowness of belief, and + distrust."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The precept adverted to is the verse of Epicharmus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"<span title="naphe kai memnas' apistein? arthra tauta tôn phrenôn." class="grk" + >νᾶφε καὶ + μέμνασ' + ἀπιστεῖν· + ἄρθρα ταῦτα + τῶν φρενῶν.</span>"</p> + + <p>P. 180. "Fraus sibi in parvis fidem præstruit, ut majore emolumento + fallat."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Query, Where does this passage occur, as well as the expression + "alimenta socordiæ," which Demosthenes, according to Bacon, applies to + small favours.</p> + + <p class="author">L. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>ERECTION OF FORTRESS AT MICHNEE AND PYLOS.</h3> + + <p>Mr. Dartnell, Surgeon of H. M. 53rd regiment, gives the following + account of the building of a fort which has lately been erected at + Michnee to check the incursions of the Momunds into the Peshawur + Valley:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"There was little to be done, except to build a fort, and here the + officers had to superintend and direct the working parties which were + daily sent out.... Laborers from far and near, Cashmerees, Caboolees, men + from the Hindoo Koosh, Afreedees, Khyberees, &c., all working + together with hearty goodwill, and a sort of good-humoured rivalry.... It + is only when working by contract, however, that the Cashmeree displays + his full physical powers, and it is then perfectly refreshing, in such a + physically relaxing and take-the-world-as-it-goes sort of a country as + this, to observe him.... And then to see him carry a burden! On his head? + No. On his back? Yes, but after a fashion of his own, perfectly natural + and entirely independent of basket, or receptacle of any kind in which to + place it. I have now in my garden some half-dozen of these labourers at + work, removing immense masses of clay, which are nearly as hard as flint, + and how do they manage? My friend Jumah Khan reverts his arms, and + clasping his hands together behind his back, receives the pyramidal load, + which generally overtops his head, and thus he conveys it to its + destination," &c.—Colburn's <i>United Service Magazine</i>, + December, 1852, pp. 514, 515.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Thucydides tells us that as soon as the crews of the Athenian ships, + weatherbound at Pylos in the spring of the year <span + class="scac">B.C.</span> 425, had made up their minds to kill time by + fortifying their harbour of refuge,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"They took the work in hand, and plied it briskly.... The mud that was + anywhere requisite, for want of vessels, they carried on their shoulders, + bending forwards as much as possible, that it might have room to stick + on, and holding it up with both hands clasped fast behind that it might + not slide down."—Book iv. chap. 4. (Smith's Translation.)</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Forbes</span>. + + <p class="address">Temple. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>HOVEDEN'S ANNALS—BOHN'S "ANTIQUARIAN +LIBRARY."</h3> + + <p>Considering the cheap issue of all standard works of reference a great + boon to the general student, I was predisposed to welcome heartily Mr. + Bohn's <i>Antiquarian Library</i>. If, however, <i>cheapness</i> be + accompanied by <i>incorrectness</i>, the promised boon I conceive to be + worthless; even one or two glaring errors rendering the student + distrustful of the entire series. I was led to form the first of these + conclusions on receiving vol. i. of a translation of the <i>Annals of + Roger de Hoveden</i>, by Henry T. Riley, Esq., barrister-at-law; who + introduces the work by a flourish of trumpets in the Preface, on the + multifarious errors of the London and Frankfort editions, and the labour + taken to correct <i>his own</i>; to the second by observing, whilst + cutting the leaves, the following glaring errors, put forward too as + <i>corrections</i>:—Vol. i. p. 350., Henry II. is stated by the + <i>Annalist</i> to have landed in Ireland, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> + 1172, "at a place which is called <i>Croch</i>, distant <i>eight + miles</i> from the city of Waterford." Here Mr. Riley, with perfect + gravity, suggests <i>Cork</i><a name="footnotetag1" + href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> as the true reading!! Can it be, + that a barrister-at-law, with an ominously Irish-sounding name, is + ignorant that the city of Cork is somewhat more distant than <i>eight + miles</i> from the <i>urbs intacta</i>, as Waterford loves to call + herself? The fact is, however, that Hoveden and his former editors were + nearly correct: on <!-- Page 496 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page496"></a>{496}</span> old maps of the harbour of Waterford, + Crook Castle is laid down inside Creden Head, on the Waterford side of + the harbour; and Crook is still the name of a place at the point + indicated, somewhat more however than eight miles from Waterford.</p> + + <p>Again, at p. 351. occurs Hoveden's well-known and valuable enumeration + of the Irish episcopal sees at the same period, of which Mr. Riley + observes: "Nearly all these are mis-spelt ... they are in a state of + almost hopeless confusion." And then, to make confusion worse confounded, + his note on the Bishop of Ossory (p. 352.) says "In the text, + 'Erupolensis' is perhaps a mistake for 'Ossoriensis.'" Now, + <i>Erupolensis</i> happens to be a correct <i>alias</i> of Ossoriensis: + the former characterising the diocese from Kilkenny, the cathedral city, + which being seated on the Nore, or Neor—Hibernicè <i>Eoir</i>, + Latinè <i>Erus</i>, was sometimes called Erupolis—the latter from + the territory with which the see was and is co-extensive, the ancient + kingdom of Ossory.</p> + + <p>How many more errors there may be in the first volume of the work, I + cannot say: but, at all events, what the reader has to complain of is, + <i>not</i> that the translator was unable to tell all about "Croch" and + "Erupolis," but that, not knowing, he has made matters worse by his hardy + elucidations. Truly, at this rate, it were better that no cheap edition + of Hoveden were vouchsafed to the public.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Graves</span>. + + <p class="address">Kilkenny. + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>This geographical <i>morceau</i> was nearly equalled by a scribe in + the <i>Illustrated London News</i>, who stated that her Gracious + Majesty's steam-yacht, with its royal freight and attendant squadron, + when coasting round from Cork to Dublin in the year 1849, had entered + Tramore Bay, and thence steamed up to Passage in the Waterford Harbour! A + truly <i>royal road</i> to safety; and one that, did it exist, would have + saved many a gallant crew and ship, which have met their fate within the + landlocked, but ironbound and shelterless, jaws of Tramore Bay.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Raven Superstition.</i>—On a recent occasion, at an ordinary + meeting of the guardians of the poor, an application was made by the + relieving officer on behalf of a single woman residing in the church + village at Altarnun. The cause of seeking relief was stated to be + "grief," and on asking for an explanation, the officer stated that the + applicant's inability to work was owing to depressed spirits, produced by + the flight of a croaking raven over her dwelling on the morning of his + visit to the village. The pauper was by this circumstance, in connexion + with its well-known ominous character, actually frightened into a state + of wretched nervous depression, which induced physical want.</p> + + <p class="author">S. R. P. + + <p><i>African Folk Lore.</i>—The following curious piece of folk + lore is quoted from an extract in <i>The Critic</i> (of April 1, 1853, p. + 172.), in the course of a review of Richardson's <i>Narrative of a + Mission to Central Africa, &c.</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"To avert the evil eye from the gardens, the people (of Mourzak) put + up the head of an ass, or some portion of the bones of that animal. The + same superstition prevails in all the oases that stud the north of + Africa, from Egypt to the Atlantic, but the people are unwilling to + explain what especial virtue there exists in an ass's skull."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sparrow Simpson</span>, B.A. + + <p><i>Funeral Custom.</i>—In some parts (I believe) of Yorkshire, + and perhaps elsewhere, it is customary to send, immediately after a + death, a paper bag of biscuits, and a card with the name, &c. of the + deceased, to his friends, be they many or few. Can any of your readers + explain the matter? I have more than once seen the card, but not the + biscuits.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abhba</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>SHAKSPEARE READINGS, NO. VII.</h3> + + <p>"What are 'Aristotle's checks?'"</p> + + <p>This is the question that <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> proposed + in support of the alteration of <i>checks</i> into <i>ethics</i>, at p. + 144. of his <i>Notes and Emendations</i>. He terms <i>checks</i> "an + absurd blunder," and in the preface he again introduces it, passing upon + it the same unqualified sentence of excommunication, as upon "bosom + multiplied," viz. "it can never be repeated." In this opinion he is + backed by most of the public scribes of the day, especially by the critic + of the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for April, who declares "we should be + very sorry to have to discover what the editors have understood by the + <i>checks</i> of Aristotle." Furthermore, this critic thinks that "it is + extremely singular that the mistake should have remained so long + uncorrected;" and he intimates that they who have found any meaning in + <i>checks</i>, have done so only because, through ignorance, they could + find no meaning in <i>ethics</i>.</p> + + <p>Hence it becomes necessary for those who do find a meaning in + <i>checks</i>, to defend that meaning; and hence I undertake to answer + <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> question.</p> + + <p>Aristotle's <i>checks</i> are those <i>moral adjustments</i> that form + the distinguishing feature of his philosophy.</p> + + <p>They are <i>the eyes of reason</i>, whereby he would teach man to + avoid divergence from the straight path of happiness.</p> + + <p>They are his moderators, his mediocrities, his metriopathics.</p> + + <p>They are his philosophical steering-marks, his moral guiding-lines, + whereby the passions are to be kept in the <i>via media</i>; as much + removed from total abnegation on the one hand, as from immoderate + indulgence on the other.</p> + + <p>Virtue, according to Aristotle, consists in checked or <i>adjusted</i> + propensities. Our passions are not in themselves evil, except when + unchecked by reason. And inasmuch as we may overeat, or underfeed + ourselves (the check being temperance), so may we suffer our other + propensities to deviate from the <i>juste milieu</i>, either in the + direction of indulgence or of privation. <!-- Page 497 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page497"></a>{497}</span></p> + + <p>The art of adjusting the passions requires an apprenticeship to + virtue. The end to be attained is the establishment of good habits. These + good habits, like any other skill, can only be attained by practice. + Therefore the practice of virtue is the education of the passions.</p> + + <p><i>Ethics</i> is the doctrine of <i>habits</i>; but habits may be good + or bad. When good, they constitute virtue; when bad, licentiousness.</p> + + <p>The doctrine of <i>checks</i> is that branch of <i>ethics</i> which + teaches moral adjustment and restraint.</p> + + <p>Therefore <i>checks</i> and <i>licentiousness</i> are in better + antithesis to each other, than <i>ethics</i> can be to either, because + ethics includes both.</p> + + <p>The Aristotelian idea of <i>adjustment</i>, rather than <i>denial</i>, + of the passions, is well illustrated in the following passage from + Plutarch's <i>Morall Vertue</i>, by Philemon Holland, a contemporary of + Shakspeare:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"For neither do they shed and spill the wine upon the floure who are + afraide to be drunke, but delay the same with water: nor those who feare + the violence of a passion, do take it quite away, but rather temper and + qualifie the same: like as folke use to breake horses and oxen from their + flinging out with their heeles, their stiffenes and curstnes of the head, + and stubburnes in receiving the bridle or the yoke, but do not restraine + them of other motions of going about their worke and doing their deede. + And even so, verily, reason maketh good use of these passions, when they + be well tamed, and, as it were, brought to hand: without overweakening or + rooting out cleane that parte of the soule which is made for to second + reason and do it good service.... Whereas let passions be rid cleane away + (if that were possible to be done), our reason will be found in many + things more dull and idle: like as the pilot and master of a ship hath + little to do if the winde be laid and no gale at all stirring ... as if + to <i>the discourse of reason</i> the gods had adjoined passion as a + pricke to incite, and a chariot to set it forward."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Again, in describing the "Meanes," he says—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Now to begin with Fortitude, they say it is the meane between + Cowardise and rash Audacitie; of which twaine the one is a defect, the + other an excesse of the yrefull passion: Liberalitie, betweene Nigardise + and Prodigalitie: Clemencie and Mildnesse, betweene senselesse Indolence + and Crueltie: Justice, the meane of giving more or lesse than due: + Temperance, a mediocritie betweene the blockish stupiditie of the minde, + moved with <i>no touch of pleasure</i>, and all unbrideled loosenes, + whereby it is abandoned to all sensualitie."— <i>The Philosophie of + Plutarch</i>, fol. 1603.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It really does appear to me that there could not be a happier or more + appropriate designation, for a philosophy made up in this way of "meanes" + and adjustments, so as to steer between the <i>plus</i> and <i>minus</i>, + than a system of <i>checks</i>—not fixed, or rigid rules, as they + are sometimes interpreted to be, but nice allowances of excess or defect, + to be discovered, weighed, and determined by individual reason, in the + audit of each man's conscience, according to the strength or weakness of + the passions he may have to regulate.</p> + + <p>I therefore oppose the substitution of <i>ethics</i>—</p> + + <p>1. Because we have the <i>primâ facie</i> evidence of the text itself, + that <i>checks</i> was Shakspeare's word.</p> + + <p>2. Because we have internal evidence, in the significance and + excellence of the phrase, that it was Shakspeare's word.</p> + + <p><i>Ethics</i> was the patent title by which Aristotle's moral + philosophy was universally known; therefore any ignoramus, who never + dipped beyond the title, might, <i>and would</i>, have used it. But no + person, except one well read in the philosophy itself, would think of + giving it such a designation as <i>checks</i>; which word, nevertheless, + is most happily characteristic of it.</p> + + <p>3. Because, as before stated, Aristotle's <i>checks</i>, being the + restrictive and regulating portion of Aristotle's <i>Ethics</i>, is + necessarily a more diametrical antithesis to Ovid (and his + <i>laxities</i>).</p> + + <p>4. Because I look upon the use of this phrase as one of those nice and + scarcely perceptible touches by which Shakspeare was content rather to + hint at, than to disclose his knowledge,—one of those effects + whereby he makes a single word supply the place of a treatise.</p> + + <p>With these opinions, I cannot but look upon this threatened change of + <i>checks</i> into <i>ethics</i>, as wholly unwarrantable, and I now + protest against it as earnestly as, upon a former occasion, I did against + the alteration of <i>sickles</i> into <i>shekels</i>, or, still worse, + into <i>cycles</i> or into <i>circles</i>. It is with great satisfaction + I compare four different views taken of this word by <span class="sc">Mr. + Collier</span>, viz.—in the note to the text of his octavo edition + of Shakspeare;—in an additional note in vol. i., page cclxxxiv. of + that edition;—in the first announcement of his annotated folio in + the <i>Athenæum</i> newspaper, Jan. 31st, 1852,—and finally (after + my remarks upon the word in "N. & Q."), his virtual reinstatement of + the original <i>sickle</i> (till then supposed a palpable and undeniable + misprint) at page 46. of <i>Notes and Emendations</i>, together with the + production, <i>suo motu</i>, of an independent reference in support of my + position.</p> + + <p>To return to this present substitution of <i>ethics</i> for + <i>checks</i>, a very singular circumstance connected with it is the + ignoring, by both <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> and by the critic + in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, of Sir William Blackstone's original + claim to the suggestion, by prior publication of upwards of half a + century. At that time, notwithstanding the great learning and acuteness + of the proposer, the alteration was rejected! And shall we now be less + wise than our fathers? Shall we—misled by the prestige of a few + drops of rusty ink fashioned into letters of formal cut—place + implicit credence in emendations whose only claim to faith, like that of + the Mormon scriptures, is that nobody knows whence they came? <!-- Page + 498 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page498"></a>{498}</span></p> + + <p>In the passage I have quoted from Philemon Holland, there may be + observed two peculiarities which are generally supposed to be exclusively + Shakspearian: one is the beautiful application of the word + "touch"—the other the phrase "discourse of reason." Where this last + expression occurs in <i>Hamlet</i>, it narrowly escaped <i>emendation</i> + at the hands of Gifford! (See Mr. Knight's note, in his illustrated + edition of <i>Shakspeare</i>.) It is the true Aristotelian <span + title="dianoia" class="grk" + >διάνοια</span>.</p> + + <p>There is also a third peculiarity of expression in the same quotation, + in the use of the word <i>delay</i> in the sense of <i>diluere</i>, to + dilute, temper, allay. There are at least two passages in Shakspeare's + plays where the word is used in this sense, but which appear to have been + overlooked by his glossarists. The first is in <i>All's Well that Ends + Well</i>, Act IV. Sc. 3., where the French locals are moralising upon + Bertram's profligate pursuit of Diana:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Now God <i>delay</i> our rebellion—as we are ourselves, what + are we?"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The second is in <i>Cymbeline</i>, Act V. Sc. 4., where Jupiter + tempers his love with crosses, in order to make his gifts—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The more <i>delayed</i>, delighted."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">A. E. B. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Portrait of Luther.</i>—A portrait of Luther, perhaps + original, certainly nearly cotemporary with the Reformer, possessing many + excellent qualities, was some time since shown me. It is in the + possession of Mr. Horne, of Morton in Marsh, Gloucestershire: it was + received by him from an elderly gentleman still living in London, who + purchased it many years since at a sale of pictures. The picture is very + dark, on canvass, with a black frame having a narrow gilt moulding. As + the existence of this portrait is perhaps not known, mention of the fact + might interest some of your readers. The picture, including frame, is + perhaps in size thirty inches by twenty-four; and the age of the sitter, + whose features are delineated with remarkable effects is probably under + fifty years.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C. + + <p><i>Randle Wilbraham.</i>—Randle Wilbraham, Esq., the grandfather + of Lord Skelmersdale, who died upon the 3rd of April last, was a lawyer + of great eminence, and held the office of treasurer of Lincoln's Inn. The + university of Oxford conferred, by diploma, the degree of D.C.L. upon him + in these notable terms:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Placuit nobis in Convocatione die 14 mensis Aprilis 1761, solenniter + convocatis spectatissimum Ranulphum Wilbraham, Arm. Coll. Ænæi Nasi + quondam commensalem, in agendis causis pro diversis Tribunalibus per + multos retro annos hodieque versatissimum, Subsenescallum nostrum et + Consiliarium fidissimum, Gradu Doctoris in Jure Civili insignire. Cujus + quidem hæc præcipua ac prope singularis et est, et semper fuit, quod + propriis ingenii et industriæ suæ viribus innixus Aulici favoris nec + appetens, nec particeps, sine ullo magnatum patrocinio, sine turpi + Adulantium aucupio, ad summam tamen in Foro, in Academia, in Senatu, tum + gloriam, tum etiam authoritatem facilem sibi et stabilem munivit viam, + Fortunæ suæ si quis alius Deo Favente vere Faber", &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The above is copied from the original diploma, which Mr. Randle + Wilbraham gave to his nephew, the late Dr. William Falconer of Bath. On + the death of Mr. R. Wilbraham, Chief Justice Wilmot wrote "I have lost my + old friend Mr. Wilbraham: he died in the seventy-seventh year of his age, + and has not left a better lawyer, or an honester man behind him."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span> + + <p><i>Unpublished Epigram by Sir W. Scott.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Earth walks on Earth,</p> + <p class="i2">Glittering in gold:</p> + <p>Earth goes to Earth,</p> + <p class="i2">Sooner than it wold:</p> + <p>Earth builds on Earth,</p> + <p class="i2">Palaces and towers:</p> + <p>Earth says to Earth:</p> + <p class="i2">Soon, all shall be ours."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>The above, by Sir W. Scott, I <i>believe</i>, has never appeared in + print to my knowledge. It was recited to me by a friend of Sir W. + Scott.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. Vincent.</span> + + <p><i>Crassus' Saying.</i>—I find in the Diary of the poet Moore + (in Lord John Russell's edition), vol. ii. p. 148., a conversation + recorded with Dr. Parr, in which the Doctor quotes "the witticism that + made Crassus laugh (the only time in his life): 'Similes habent labra + lactucas.'"</p> + + <p>It appears (see the quotations in Facciolati) that this sage and + laughter-moving remark of Crassus was made on seeing an ass eating a + thistle; whereon he exclaimed, "Similes habent labra lactucas."</p> + + <p>In Bailey's edition of Facciolati it is said, "Proverbium habet locum + ubi similia similibus contingunt,... quo sensu Angli dicimus, 'Like lips + like lettuce: like priest like people.'"</p> + + <p>Out of this explanation it is difficult to elicit any sense, much less + any "witticism."</p> + + <p>I suggest that Crassus' saying meant, "His (the ass's) lips hold + thistles and lettuces to be both alike;" wanting the discrimination to + distinguish between them. Or, if I may put it into a doggerel rhyme:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"About a donkeys taste why need we fret us?</p> + <p>To lips like his a thistle is a lettuce."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. Ewart.</span> + + <p class="address">University Club. + +<hr class="full" > + +<p><!-- Page 499 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page499"></a>{499}</span></p> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>BEES AND THE SPHYNX ATROPOS.</h3> + + <p>Huber, in his <i>Observations on the Natural History of Bees</i>, + avers that the moth called the <i>Sphynx atropos</i> invades and plunders + with impunity a hive containing thousands of bees, notwithstanding the + watchfulness, pugnacity, and formidable weapons of those insects. To + account for this phenomenon, he states that the queen bee has the faculty + of emitting a certain sound which instantly strikes the bees motionless; + and he conjectures that this burglarious moth, being endowed with the + same property, uses it to produce a similar effect, first on the + sentinels at the entrance of the hive, and then on the bees within.</p> + + <p>In another part of his book (2nd edit. 1808, p. 202.) he relates what + he himself witnessed on introducing a strange queen into a hive. The + bees, greatly irritated, pulled her, bit her, and chased her away; but on + her emitting the sound and assuming an extraordinary attitude, "the bees + all hung down their heads and remained motionless." On the following day + he repeated the experiment, and the intrusive queen was similarly + maltreated; but when she emitted her sound, and assumed the attitude, + from that moment the bees again became motionless.</p> + + <p>Have more modern observers verified this curious fact? Is it not a + case of mesmerism?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Sydney Smirke.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>"THE CRAFTSMAN'S APOLOGY."</h3> + + <p>When Bolingbroke published his <i>Final Answer to the Remarks on the + Craftsman's Vindication, and to all the Libels which have come, or may + come from the same quarter against the Person last mentioned in the + Craftsman of the 22nd May, 1731</i>, he was answered in five Poetical + Letters to the King, which in keenness of wit, polished satire, and + flowing ease of versification, have not been since surpassed. The title + of the tract in which they are contained is <i>The Craftsman's Apology, + being a Vindication of his Conduct and Writings in several Letters to the + King</i>, printed for T. Cooper, 1732, 8vo. pages 32. By whom were these + very clever and amusing letters written? Lord Hervey or Sir Charles + Hanbury Williams are the parties one would think most likely to have + written them; but they do not appear in the list of Lord Hervey's works + given by Walpole, or amongst those noticed by Mr. Croker, or in Sir C. H. + Williams's <i>Collected Works</i>, in three volumes. Independently of + which, I question whether the versification is not, in point of harmony, + too equal for either of them. If they be included in the collected works + of any other writer of the time, which I have no immediate recollection + of, some of your correspondents will no doubt be able to point him out. + Should it appear that they have not been reprinted, I shall be disposed + to recur again to the subject, and to give an extract from them, as, of + all the attacks ever made upon Bolingbroke, they seem to me the most + pleasant, witty, and effective.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jas. Crossley.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>PALISSY AND CARDINAL WISEMAN.</h3> + + <p>On April 28, Cardinal Wiseman, at the Manchester Corn Exchange, + delivered a lecture "On the Relation of the Arts of Design to the Arts of + Production." It occupies thirteen columns of <i>The Tablet</i> of May 7, + which professes to give it "from <i>The Manchester Examiner</i>, with + corrections and additions." I have read it with pleasure, and shall + preserve it as one of the best discourses on Art ever delivered; but + there is a matter of fact, on which I am not so well satisfied. In + noticing Bernard Palissy, the cardinal is reported to have said:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"For sixteen years he persevered in this way; and then was crowned with + success, and produced the first specimens of coloured and beautiful + pottery, such as are to this day sought by the curious; and <i>he + received a situation in the king's household, and ended his days in + comfort and respectability</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In the review of "Morley's Life of Palissy the Potter," + <i>Spectator</i>, Oct. 9, 1852, it is said:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The period of the great potter's birth is uncertain. Mr. Morley fixes + it, on probable data, at 1509; but with a latitude of six years on either + side. <i>Palissy died in 1589 in the Bastile, where he had been confined + four years as a Hugenot; the king and his other friends could defer his + trial, but dared not grant him liberty.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>All the accounts which I have read agree with Mr. Morley and the + <i>Spectator</i>. Are they or the cardinal right, supposing him to be + correctly reported?</p> + + <p class="author">H. B. C. + + <p class="address">U. U. Club. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Polidus.</i>—Can you tell me where the scene of the following + play is laid, and the names of the <i>dramatis + personæ</i>?—<i>Polidus, a Tragedy</i>, by Moses Browne, 8vo. 1723. + The author of this play, who was born in 1703, and died in 1787, was for + some time the curate of the Rev. James Harvey, author of + <i>Meditations</i>, and other works. Mr. Browne was afterwards presented + to the vicarage of Olney, in Bucks, where the Rev. John Newton was his + curate for several years.</p> + + <p class="author">A. Z. + + <p class="address">Glasgow. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Moses Browne was subsequently Chaplain of Morden College. The + piscatory brotherhood are indebted to him for having revived Walton's + <i>Complete Angler</i>, after it had lain dormant for upwards of eighty + years; and this task, he tells us, was undertaken at the request of Dr. + Samuel Johnson.—<span class="sc">Ed.</span>]</p> + +</div> + +<p><!-- Page 500 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page500"></a>{500}</span></p> + + <p><i>St. Paul's Epistles to Seneca.</i>—It has frequently been + affirmed that Seneca became, in the last year of his life, a convert to + Christianity—his canonisation by St. Jerome is undoubted and there + was stated to be a MS. of the above epistle in Merton College. May I ask + any of your contributors whether this MS. has ever been printed?</p> + + <p class="author">J. M. S. + + <p class="address">Hull. + + <p><i>Meaning of "folowed."</i>—Inside the cover of an old Bible + and Prayer-Book, bound in one quarto, Robert Barker, 1611, is the + following inscription:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"July eight I was much folowed when I lay in bed alone att Mistris + Whitmore's house, wee haveing agreed too bee married nextt daye.</p> + + <p>"God, even our own God, shal bless us. This incouriged mee too hope + for God's favour and blessing through Christ.</p> + + <p>"Christopher Curwen and Hannah Whitmore was married att Lambe's + Chapel, near Criplegate, July ninth, 1712."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>An entry of his marriage with his first wife, Elizabeth Sutton, 1704, + is on the cover at the beginning of the book.</p> + + <p>Can any one of your correspondents enlighten me as to the meaning of + the word <i>folowed</i>? The letters are legibly written, and there can + be no mistake about any of them. Is it an expression derived from the + Puritans?</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford. + + <p><i>Roman Catholic Registers.</i>—Can any of your correspondents + inform me where I can find the registers of births, marriages, and + burials of Roman Catholic families living in Berks and Oxon in the reigns + of Charles I. and II.?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. Pt</span>. + + <p><i>St. Alban's Day.</i>—At p. 340. of the <i>Chronicles of + London Bridge</i>, it is stated that Cardinal Fisher was executed on St. + Alban's day, June 22, 1535. How is it that in our present calendar St. + Alban's day is not June 22, but June 17? On looking back I see <span + class="sc">Sir W. C. Trevelyan</span>, in our first volume, inquired the + reason of this change, but I do not find any reply to his Query.</p> + + <p class="author">E. H. A. + + <p><i>Meigham, the London Printer.</i>—J. A. S. is desirous of + obtaining information regarding a printer in London, of the name of + Meigham, about 1745-8, or to be directed where to search for such. + Meigham conversed, or corresponded, about Catholicity with Dr. Hay, the + then vicar-apostolic of the Eastern District of Scotland.</p> + + <p><i>Adamsoniana.</i>—Is anything known of the family of Michel + Adamson, or Michael Adamson, the eminent naturalist and voyager to + Senegal, who, though born in France, is said to have been of Scottish + extraction?</p> + + <p>Where is the following poem to be met with?</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ode in Collegium Bengalense, præmio dignata quod alumnis collegiorum + Aberdonensium proposuit vir reverendus C. Buchanan, Coll. Bengalensis + Præfectus Vicarius. Auctore Alexandro Adamson, A.M., Coll. Marisch. + Aberd. alumno."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Allow me to repeat a Query which was inserted in Vol. ii., p. 297., + asking for any information respecting J. Adamson, the author of a rare + tract on Edward II.'s reign, published in 1732, in defence of the Walpole + administration from the attacks of the <i>Craftsman</i>.</p> + + <p>Who was John Adamson, author of <i>Fanny of Caernarvon, or the War of + the Roses</i>, an historical romance, of which a French translation was + published in 1809 at Paris, in 2 vols. 12mo.?</p> + + <p class="author">E. H. A. + + <p><i>Canker or Brier Rose.</i>—Can any of your correspondents tell + me why the brier or dog-rose was anciently called the <i>canker</i>? The + brier is particularly free from the disease so called, and the name does + not appear to have been used in disparagement. In Shakspeare's beautiful + Sonnet LIV. are the lines:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The <i>canker-blooms</i> have full as deep a dye,</p> + <p>As the perfumed tincture of the roses."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In <i>King Henry IV.</i>, Act I. Sc. 3., Hotspur says:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Shall it for shame be spoken in these days,</p> + <p>Or fill up chronicles in times to come,</p> + <p>That men of your nobility and power,</p> + <p>Did 'gage them both in an unjust behalf,</p> + <p>(As both of you, God pardon it! have done)</p> + <p>To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose</p> + <p>And plant this thorn, this <i>canker</i> Bolingbroke."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>And again, Don John, in <i>Much Ado about Nothing</i>, Act I. Sc. + 3.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"I had rather be a <i>canker</i> in a hedge, than a rose in the + grave."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon</span>. + + <p>"<i>Short red, god red.</i>"—In Roger of Wendover's + <i>Chronicle</i>, Bohn's edition, vol. i. p. 345., is a story how + Walchere, Bishop of Durham, was slain in his county court, <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1075, by the suitors on the instigation of one + who cried out in his native tongue "Schort red, god red, slea ye the + bischop."</p> + + <p>Sir Walter Scott, in his <i>Tales of a Grandfather</i> (vol. i. p. + 85.), tells the same story of a Bishop of Caithness who was burned for + enforcing tithes in the reign of Alexander II. of Scotland (about + 1220).</p> + + <p>What authority is there for the latter story? Did Sir Walter confound + the two bishops, or did he add the circumstance for the amusement of Hugh + Littlejohn? Was this the formula usually adopted on such occasions? How + came the Caithness people to speak such good Saxon?</p> + + <p class="author">G. + + <p><i>Overseers of Wills.</i>—I have copies of several wills of the + fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, in <!-- Page 501 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page501"></a>{501}</span> which one set of + persons are appointed <i>executors</i> and another <i>overseers</i>. What + were the rights and duties of these latter?</p> + + <p class="author">J. K. + + <p><i>Lepel's Regiment.</i>—Can your correspondent <span + class="sc">Mr. Arthur Hamilton</span> inform me what is the regiment + known in 1707 as <i>Lepel's Regiment</i>? It was a cavalry regiment, I + believe.</p> + + <p class="author">J. K. + + <p><i>Vincent Family.</i>—Can any of your correspondents give me + any information respecting the descendants of Francis Vincent, grandson + of Augustine Vincent, Rouge Croix Pursuivant at Arms. His sister + Elizabeth has, or had very lately, a representative in the person of + Francis Offley Edmunds of Worsborough, Yorkshire; but nowhere have I been + able to obtain any information respecting himself. If you could give any + information on this subject, you would much oblige</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Wilson</span>. + + <p><i>Passage in the First Part of Faust.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Faust.</i> Es Klopft? Herein! Wer will mich wieder plagen?</p> + <p><i>Mephistopheles.</i> Ich bin's.</p> + <p><i>Faust.</i> Herein!</p> + <p><i>Mephis.</i> Du musst es dreimal sagen.</p> + <p><i>Faust.</i> Herein denn!</p> + <p><i>Mephis.</i> So gefällst du mir."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Why must he say it <i>three</i> times? Is this a superstition that can + be traced in other countries than Germany? In Horace we have Diana thus + addressed:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Ter</i> vocata audis, adimisque letho,</p> + <p>Diva triformis."—Lib. iii. Ode 22.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>But she is there the benign Diana, not Hecate.</p> + + <p>Are we to understand the passage to mean, that the number <i>three</i> + has a magical influence in summoning spirits; or to teach that the power + of evil is so overruled by a higher Power, that he cannot approach to + begin his work of temptation and ruin unless he be, not once merely, or + twice, but <i>three</i> times, called by the free will and act of the + individual who is surrendering himself to his influence? The subject + seems worthy of elucidation.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser</span>. + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun. + + <p><i>Lady Anne Gray.</i>—Who was the "Lady Anne Gray," or "Lady + Gray," who was one of the attendants on Queen Elizabeth when princess, + and is mentioned first in Sir John Harrington's poem in praise of her + ladies?</p> + + <p class="author">N. A. + + <p><i>Continental Brasses.</i>—At a recent meeting of the + Archæological Institute, Mr. Nesbitt exhibited rubbings of some fine + brasses at Bamberg, Naumberg, Meissen, and Erfurt. Mr. Nesbitt would + confer a favour on the readers of "N. & Q." by stating the names and + dates of those sepulchral memorials, and the churches from which he + obtained the rubbings, and thus aid in carrying out <span class="sc">Mr. + W. Sparrow Simpson's</span> excellent suggestion for obtaining a complete + list of monumental brasses on the Continent.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William W. King</span>. + + <p><i>Peter Beaver.</i>—In the early part of the last century, a + gentleman named Peter Beaver, whose daughter was married in 1739 to + Latham Blacker, Esq., of Rathescar, lived in the old and fashionable town + of Drogheda. Can any one inform me as to the year of his death, and + whether he left a son? The name has disappeared in Drogheda. I would + likewise be glad to know the origin of the name; and, if it be a + corruption of Beauvoir, at what time, and for what reason, was it + changed? The crest is the animal of the same name.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abhba</span>. + + <p><i>Cremonas.</i>—Can any of your numerous correspondents kindly + supply me with a list of the earliest and the latest of the instruments + of each of the famous <i>cremona</i> makers? Such a list would be a + valuable contribution to "N. & Q."</p> + + <p>Mr. Dubourg's work on the <i>Violin</i>, excellent as it is in many + respects, contains but a meagre account of the instrument itself, and is + sadly deficient on the subject of my Query. May I ask him, and I have + reason for so doing, on what authority he gives 1664 as the year of the + birth of <span class="correction" title="'Autonius' in original" + >Antonius</span> Stradivarius, in his last edition?</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p><i>Cranmer and Calvin.</i>—In the <i>Christian Observer</i> for + March 1827 (No. 303. p. 150.) it is stated that the late Rev. T. Brock, + of Guernsey, had been assured by an eminent scholar of Geneva, afterwards + a clergyman in our church, that he had met with, in a public library at + Geneva, a printed correspondence in Latin between Archbishop Cranmer and + Calvin, in which the latter forewarned the former, that though he + perfectly understood the meaning of the baptismal service, yet "the time + would come when" it "would be misconceived, and received as implying that + baptism absolutely conveyed regeneration;" and that Cranmer replied, + "that it is not possible such a construction can be put upon the passage, + the church having sufficiently explained her meaning in the Articles and + elsewhere." I have heard that search was made for these documents by M. + D'Aubigné and others, but without success; one of the reports being, that + "the documents had been apparently <i>cut out</i>." Mr. Brock's + informant, I hear, was a Rev. Marc De Joux, who afterwards became an + Irvingite, left Guernsey, and went to the Mauritius, where it is believed + he still resides. With the <i>theological</i> question I wish not here to + meddle, or to express an opinion. But I should be glad if you will kindly + permit me to inquire whether any of your readers can give any information + as to the existence of the supposed "printed" correspondence <!-- Page + 502 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page502"></a>{502}</span> referred + to? whether or not it does exist? and, if so, where?</p> + + <p class="author">C. D. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2> + + <p>"<i>A Letter to a Convocation Man</i>" (Vol. vii., pp. 358. + 415.).—I beg to thank "N. & Q." for the answer to my inquiry + respecting the authorship of this letter. I should be very glad to learn + further particulars respecting Sir Bartholomew Shower. Was he a member of + the House of Commons, as the author of the Letter intimates that he + himself was? I shall also be very thankful if <span + class="sc">Tyro</span>, or any other correspondent, will answer for me + these Queries, suggested by the same Letter.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"It was the opinion, indeed, of a late <i>great preacher</i>, that + Christians under a Mahometan or Pagan government, ought to value the + peace of the country above the conversion of the people there."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Who is the preacher here referred to?</p> + + <p>Who were the authors, and what were the titles of the many + <i>Defences</i> of Sherlock's <i>Vindication of the Holy and Ever Blessed + Trinity</i>, and <i>The Divinity and Death of Christ</i>? *</p> + + <p>And what farther is to be learned of Mr. Papin, a Socinian, who + jointed the Church of Rome about that period? †</p> + + <p>Who was Chief Justice in 1697? Was it Chief Justice Treby? + ‡</p> + + <p>Trelawney, Bishop of Exeter, excommunicated Dr. Bury. When was the + living the latter enjoyed "untouched and even unquestioned by another + bishop?" §</p> + + <p>In case the answers to these should not appear of sufficient + importance to be put into type, I enclose an envelope.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser</span>. + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun. + + <p>P.S.—The misprint you point out, Vol. vii., p. 409., of + <i>Oxoniensis</i> for <i>Exoniensis</i>, occurred in the Appendix to + Wake's <i>State of the Church and Clergy of England</i>, p. 4.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[* The titles of nearly twenty works relating to Sherlock's + Trinitarian Controversy will be found <i>s. v.</i> in the <i>Bodleian + Catalogue</i>, vol. iii. p. 462. See also Watt's <i>Bibliotheca + Britannica</i>.</p> + + <p>† A long account of Mr. Papin is given in Rose's as well as in + Chalmers's <i>Biographical Dictionary</i>.</p> + + <p>‡ Sir George Treby was Chief Justice of Common Pleas in + 1697.</p> + + <p>§ Bishop Trelawney, it appears, suspended Dr. Arthur Bury from the + rectorship of Exeter College for some heterodox notions in his work, + <i>The Naked Gospel</i>. The affair was carried by appeal from the King's + Bench to the House of Lords, when Bishop Stillingfleet delivered a speech + on the "Case of Visitation of Colleges," printed in his <i>Ecclesiastical + Cases</i>, part ii. p. 411. Wood states that Dr. Bury was soon after + restored. For an account of this controversy, and the works relating to + it, see Gough's <i>British Topography</i>, vol. ii. p. 147., and Wood's + <i>Athenæ</i> (Bliss), vol. iv. p. 483.</p> + + <p>Any farther communications on the above Queries shall be forwarded to + the correspondent.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Prester John.</i>—I should be glad, through the medium of "N. + & Q.," to be favoured with some information relative to this + mysterious personage.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Strath Clyde</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The history of Prester John, or of the individuals bearing that + appellation, appears involved in considerable confusion and obscurity. + Most of our Encyclopædias contain notices of this mysterious personage, + especially Rees's, and Collier's <i>Great Historical Dictionary</i>. "The + fame of <i>Prester</i> or <i>Presbyter</i> John," says Gibbon, "a khan, + whose power was vainly magnified by the Nestorian missionaries, and who + is said to have received at their hands the rite of baptism, and even of + ordination, has long amused the credulity of Europe. In its long progress + to Mosul, Jerusalem, Rome, &c., the story of Prester John evaporated + into a monstrous fable, of which some features have been borrowed from + the Lama of Thibet (<i>Hist. Généaologique des Tartares</i>, part ii. p. + 42.; <i>Hist. de Gengiscan</i>, p. 31. &c.), and were ignorantly + transferred by the Portuguese to the emperor of Abyssinia (Ludolph. + <i>Hist. Æthop. Comment.</i> l. ii. c. 1.). Yet is is probable that, in + the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Nestorian Christianity was + professed in the horde of the Keraites."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Homer's Iliad in a Nut.</i>—On the tomb of those celebrated + gardeners, Tradescant father and son, these lines occur in the course of + the inscription:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Whilst they (as Homer's Iliad in a nut),</p> + <p>A World of Wonders in one closet shut."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Will you explain the comparison implied in the words "as Homer's Iliad + in a nut?"</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">David</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[It refers to the account given by Pliny, vii. 21., that the + <i>Iliad</i> was copied in so small a hand, that the whole work could lie + in a walnut-shell: "In nuce inclusam Iliada Homeri carmen, in membrana + scriptum tradidit Cicero." Pliny's authority is Cicero <i>apvd + Gellium</i>, ix. 421. See M. Huet's account of a similar experiment in + <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vol. xxxix. p. 347.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Monogram of Parker Society.</i>—What is the meaning of the + monogram adopted by the Parker Society on all their publications?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tyro</span>. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The monogram is "<span class="sc">Matthew Parker</span>," Archbishop + of Canterbury in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>The Five Alls.</i>—Can any of your readers give me an + interpretation of a sign on an inn in Oxford, which bears this + inscription?</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"THE FIVE ALLS."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I can make nothing of it.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Curiosus</span>. + + <p>Oxford.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Captain Grose shall interpret this Query. He says, "The Five Alls is + a country sign, representing five human figures, each having a motto. The + first is a king in his regalia, 'I govern all.' The second, a <!-- Page + 503 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page503"></a>{503}</span> bishop in + pontificals, 'I pray for all.' Third, a lawyer in his gown, 'I plead for + all.' Fourth, a soldier in his regimentals, 'I fight for all.' Fifth, a + poor countryman with his scythe and rake, 'I <i>pay</i> for all!'"]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Corvizer.</i>—In a deed of the middle of the last century, I + find this addition to the name of a person residing at Conway. The word + is similarly employed in a list of interments of some "common people," + contained in Browne Willis's account of Bangor Cathedral. What does it + mean, and whence is it derived?</p> + + <p class="author">H. B. + + <p>Bangor.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[An obsolete word for a cordwainer or shoemaker. See Ash's + <i>Dictionary.</i>]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>ENGLISH COMEDIANS IN GERMANY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ii., pp. 184. 459.; Vol. iii., p. 21.; Vol. vii., +pp. 114. 360.)</p> + + <p>In 1605 the English comedians first appeared in Prussia. In October + they performed before the Duchess Maria Eleonora at Koningsberg, for + which they were well paid; they then proceeded to Elbing, whence they + were dismissed with twenty thalers, since they produced scandalous things + ("weil sie schandbare Dinge fürgebracht"). In 1607, they were again sent + away, after they had performed the preceding year at Rostock. Some time + after, the Elector of Brandenburg, Joh. Sigismund, employed a certain + noble, Hans von Stockfisch, to obtain a theatrical company from England + and the Netherlands. A troop of nineteen comedians, under the direction + of John Spencer, came with sixteen musicians to add lustre to the + electoral feasts. In 1611, they received 720 marks, as well as many + hundred ells of various stuffs for costumes and decorations; of which + great quantities were used in 1612. Many a time was it necessary to + ransom them at great cost from inns and lodging-houses; so that the + prince, in 1613, resolved to rid himself of these dear guests, and gave + them a recommendation to the Elector of Saxony. In 1616 we find them in + Dantzic, where they gave eight representations; and two years later, the + Electress of Brandenburg, through Hans von Stockfisch, procured eighteen + comedians, who performed at Elbing, Koningsberg, and other places, and + were paid for their trouble ("für ihre gehabte Mühe eins für alles") 200 + Polish guilders.</p> + + <p>In 1639, English comedians are again found in Koningsberg; and, for + the last time, in 1650, at Vienna, where William Roe, John Waide, Gideon, + Gellius, and Robert Casse, obtained a license from Ferdinand I.</p> + + <p>In 1620 appeared a volume of <i>Englische Comedien und Tragedien, + &c.</i> (2nd edit., 1624), which was followed by a second; and in + 1670 by a third: in which last, however, the English element is not so + prominent.</p> + + <p>These statements of Dr. Hagen are confirmed by numerous quotations + from original documents, published by him in the <i>Neue Preuss. + Provincial Blätter</i>, Koningsb., 1850, vol. x.; vid. et <i>Gesch. der + Deuts. Schauspielk.</i>, by E. Devrient, Leipzic, 1848. Professor Hagen + maintains, that in the beginning of the seventeenth century, the English + comedies were performed in Dutch; and that, in Germany, the same persons + were called indifferently English or Dutch comedians. They were + Englishmen who had found shelter under the English trading companies in + the Netherlands ("Es waren Engländer die in den englischen + Handelscompagnien in den Niederlanden ein Unterkommen + gefunden.")—From the <i>Navorscher</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">J. M. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>A GENTLEMAN EXECUTED FOR WHIPPING A SLAVE +TO DEATH.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 107.)</p> + + <p>The occurrence noticed by W. W. is, I believe, the only instance on + record in the West Indies of the <i>actual</i> execution of a gentleman + for the murder, by whipping or otherwise, of a slave. Nor is this + strange. In the days of slavery every owner of slaves was regarded in the + light of a gentleman, and his "right to do what he liked with his own" + was seldom called in question by judges or juries, who were themselves + among the principal shareholders. The case of Hodge was, however, of an + aggravated character. For the trivial offence of stealing a mango, he had + caused one of his slaves to be whipped to death; and this was, perhaps, + the least shocking of the repeated acts of cruelty which he was known to + have committed upon the slaves of his estate.</p> + + <p>During slavery each colony had its Hodge, and some had more than one. + The most conspicuous character of this kind in St. Lucia was <i>Jacques + O'Neill de Tyrone</i>, a gentleman who belonged to an Irish family, + originally settled in Martinique, and who boasted of his descent from one + of the ancient kings of Ireland. This man had long been notorious for his + cruelty to his slaves. At last, on the surrender of the colony to the + British in 1803, the attention of the authorities was awakened; a charge + of murder was brought against him, and he was sentenced to death. From + this sentence he appealed to a higher court; but such was the state of + public feeling at the bare idea of putting a white man to death for any + offence against a slave, that for a long time the members of the court + could not be induced to meet; and when they did meet, it was only to + reverse the sentence of the court below. I have now before me the + proceedings of both courts. <!-- Page 504 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page504"></a>{504}</span> The sentence of the inferior court, + presided over by an European judge, is based upon the clearest evidence + of O'Neill's having caused two of his slaves to be murdered in his + presence, and their heads cut off and stuck upon poles as a warning to + the others. The sentence of the Court of Appeal, presided over by a + brother planter, and entirely composed of planters, reverses the + sentence, without assigning any reason for its decision, beyond the mere + allegations of the accused party. Such was criminal justice in the days + of slavery!</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span> + + <p class="address">St. Lucia. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>LONGEVITY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 358., &c.)</p> + + <p>On looking over some volumes of the <i>Annual Register</i>, from its + commencement in 1758, I find instances of longevity very common, if we + can credit its reports. In vol. iv., for the year 1761, amongst the + deaths, of which there are many between 100 and 110, the following + occur:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>January. "At Philadelphia, Mr. Charles Cottrell, aged 120 years; and + three days after, his wife, aged 115. This couple lived together in the + marriage state 98 years in great union and harmony."</p> + + <p>April. "Mrs. Gillam, of Aldersgate Street, aged 113."</p> + + <p>July. "John Newell, Esq., at Michael(s)town, Ireland, aged 127, + grandson to old Parr, who died at the age of 152."</p> + + <p>August. "James Carlewhite, of Seatown, in Scotland, aged 111.</p> + + <p>"John Lyon, of Bandon, in the county of Cork, Ireland, aged 116."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In September there are three aged 106; one 107; one 111; one 112; and + one 114 registered. I will take three from the year 1768, viz.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>January. "Died lately in the Isle of Sky, in Scotland, Mr. Donald + M<sup>c</sup>Gregor, a farmer there, in the 117th year of his age.</p> + + <p>"Last week, died at Burythorpe, near Malton in Yorkshire, Francis + Confit, aged 150 years: he was maintained by the parish above sixty + years, and retained his senses to the very last."</p> + + <p>April. "Near Ennis, Joan M<sup>c</sup>Donough, aged 138 years."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Should sufficient interest attach to this subject, and any of the + correspondents of "N. & Q." wish it, I will be very happy to + contribute my mite, and make out a list of all the deaths above 120 + years, or even 110, from the commencement of the <i>Annual Register</i>, + but am afraid it will be found rather long.</p> + + <p class="author">J. S. A. + + <p class="address">Old Broad Street. + + <p>A few years ago there lived in New Ross, in the county of Wexford, two + old men. The one, a slater named Furlong, a person of very intemperate + habits, died an inmate of the poorhouse in his 101st year: he was able to + take long walks up to a very short period before his death; and I have + heard that he, his son, and grandson, have been all together on a roof + slating at the same time. The other man was a nurseryman named Hayden, + who died in his 108th year: his memory was very good as to events that + happened in his youth, and his limbs, though shrunk up considerably, + served him well. He was also in the frequent habit of taking long walks + not long before his death.</p> + + <p class="author">J. W. D. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>DERIVATION OF CANADA.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 380.)</p> + + <p>The derivation given in the "cutting from an old newspaper," + contributed by <span class="sc">Mr. Breen</span>, seems little better + than that of Dr. Douglas, who derives the name from a <i>M. Cane</i>, to + whom he attributes the honour of being the discoverer of the St. + Lawrence.</p> + + <p>In the first place, the "cutting" is not correct, in so far as Gaspar + Cortereal never ascended the river, having merely entered the gulf, to + which the name of St. Lawrence was afterwards given by Jacques Carter. + Neither was the main object of the expedition the discovery of a passage + into the Indian Sea, but the discovery of gold; and it was the + disappointment of the adventurers in not finding the precious metal which + is supposed to have caused them to exclaim "Aca nada!" (Nothing + here).</p> + + <p>The author of the <i>Conquest of Canada</i>, in the first chapter of + that valuable work, says that "an ancient Castilian tradition existed, + that the Spaniards visited these coasts before the French,"—to + which tradition probably this supposititious derivation owes its + origin.</p> + + <p>Hennepin, who likewise assigns to the Spaniards priority of discovery, + asserts that they called the land <i>El Capo di Nada</i> (Cape Nothing) + for the same reason.</p> + + <p>But the derivation given by Charlevoix, in his <i>Nouvelle France</i>, + should set all doubt upon the point at rest; <i>Cannáda</i> signifying, + in the Iroquois language, a number of huts (<i>un amas de cabanes</i>), + or a village. The name came to be applied to the whole country in this + manner:—The natives being asked what they called the first + settlement at which Cartier and his companions arrived, answered, + "Cannáda;" not meaning the particular appellation of the place, which was + Stadacóna (the modern Quebec), but simply a village. In like manner, they + applied the same word to Hochelága (Montreal) and to other places; whence + the Europeans, hearing every locality designated by the same term, + <i>Cannáda</i>, very naturally applied it to the entire valley of the St. + Lawrence. It may not here be out of place to notice, that with respect to + the derivation of <i>Quebec</i>, the weight of evidence <!-- Page 505 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page505"></a>{505}</span> would + likewise seem to be favourable to an aboriginal source, as Champlain + speaks of "la pointe de Québec, ainsi appellée des sauvages;" not + satisfied with which, some writers assert that the far-famed city was + named after Candebec, a town on the Seine; while others say that the + Norman navigators, on perceiving the lofty headland, exclaimed "Quel + bec!" of which they believe the present name to be a corruption. + Dissenting from all other authorities upon the subject, Mr. Hawkins, the + editor of a local guide-book called <i>The Picture of Quebec</i>, traces + the name to an European source, which he considers to be conclusive, + owing to the existence of a seal bearing date 7 Henry V. (1420), and on + which the Earl of Suffolk is styled "Domine de Hamburg et de Québec."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Robert Wright</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>SETANTIORUM PORTUS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 180. 246.)</p> + + <p>Although the positions assigned by Camden to the ancient names of the + various estuaries on the coasts of Lancashire and Cumberland are very + much at variance with those laid down by more modern geographers; still, + with regard to the particular locality assigned by him to the + <i>Setantiorum Portus</i>, he has made a suggestion which seems worthy + the attention of your able correspondent C.</p> + + <p>His position for <i>Morecambe Bay</i> is a small inlet to the south of + the entrance of <i>Solway Firth</i>, into which the rivers <i>Waver</i> + and <i>Wampool</i> empty themselves, and on which stands "the abbey of + <i>Ulme</i>, or <i>Holme Cultraine</i>." He derives the name from the + British, as signifying a "crooked sea," which doubtless is correct; we + have <i>Môr taweh</i>, the main sea; <i>Morudd</i>, the Red Sea; and + <i>Môr camm</i> may be supposed to indicate a bay much indented with + inlets. It is needless to say that the present <i>Morecambe Bay</i> + answers this description far more accurately than that in the Solway + Firth. <i>Belisama Æstuarium</i> he assigns to the mouth of the Ribble, + and is obliged to allot <i>Setantiorum Portus</i> to the remaining + estuary, now called Morecambe Bay. However, he seems not quite satisfied + with this last arrangement, and suggests that it would be more + appropriate if we might read, as is found in some copies, + <i>Setantiorum</i> <span title="limnê" class="grk" + >λίμνη</span>, instead of <span title="limên" class="grk" + >λιμὴν</span>, thus assigning the name of + Setantii to the inhabitants of the <i>lake district</i>.</p> + + <p>The old editions of Ptolemy, both Greek and Latin, are very incorrect, + and, there is little doubt, have suffered from alterations and + interpolations at the hands of ignorant persons. I have not access at + present to any edition of his geography, either of Erasmus, Servetus, or + Bertius, so I know not whether any weight should be allowed to the + following circumstance; in the <i>Britannia Romana</i>, in Gibson's + <i>Camden</i>, this is almost the only <i>Portus</i> to be found round + the coast of England. The terms there used are (with one more exception) + invariably <i>æstuarium</i>, or <i>fluvii ostium</i>. If this variation + in the old reading be accepted, the appellation as given by Montanus, + Bertius, and others, to <i>Winandermere</i>, becomes more + intelligible.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Stereoscopic Queries.</i>—Can any of your readers inform me + what are the proper angles under which stereoscopic pictures should be + taken?</p> + + <p>Mr. Beard, I am informed, takes his stereoscopic portraits at about + 6œ°, or 1 in 9; that is to say, his cameras are placed 1 inch apart for + every 9 inches the sitter is removed from them. The distance of the + sitter with him is generally, I believe, 8 feet, which would give + 10⅔ inches for the extent of the separation between his cameras. + More than this has the effect, he says, of making the pictures appear to + stand out unnaturally; that is to say, if the cameras were to be placed + 12 inches apart (which would be equal to 1 in 8), the pictures would seem + to be in greater relief than the objects.</p> + + <p>I find that the pictures on a French stereoscopic slide I have by me + have been taken at an angle of 10°, or 1 in 6. This was evidently + photographed at a considerable distance, the triumphal arch in the Place + de Carousel (of which it is a representation) being reduced to about 1Œ + inch in height. How comes it then that the angle is here increased to 10° + from 6œ°, or to 1 in 6 from 1 in 9.</p> + + <p>Moreover, the only work I have been able to obtain on the mode of + taking stereoscopic pictures, lays it down that all portraits, or near + objects, should be taken under an angle of 15°, or, as it says, 1 in 5; + that is, if the camera is 20 feet from the sitter, the distance between + its first and second position (supposing only one to be used) should not + exceed 4 feet: otherwise, adds the author, "the stereosity will appear + unnaturally great."</p> + + <p>When two cameras are employed, the instructions proceed to state that + the distance between them would be about 1/10th of the distance from the + part of the object focussed. The example given is a group of portraits, + and the angle, 1 in 10, is afterwards spoken of as being equivalent to an + arc of 10°.</p> + + <p>Farther on, we are told that "the angle should be lessened as the + distance between the nearest and farthest objects increase. Example: if + the farthest object be twice as far from the camera as the near object, + the angle should be 5° to a central point between these two.</p> + + <p>Now, I find by calculation that the measurements and the angle here + mentioned by no means <!-- Page 506 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page506"></a>{506}</span> agree. For instance, an angle of 15° is + spoken of as being equivalent to the measurement 1 in 5. An angle of 10° + is said, or implied, to be the same as 1 in 10. This is far from being + the fact. According to my calculations, the following are the real + equivalents:—</p> + + +<table class="nob" summary="Angles and measurements" title="Angles and measurements"> + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>An angle of</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>15°</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>is equal to</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1 in 4.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:center"> + <p>"</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>12°</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:center"> + <p>"</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1 in 5.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:center"> + <p>"</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>10°</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:center"> + <p>"</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1 in 6.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:center"> + <p>"</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p> 6œ°</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:center"> + <p>"</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1 in 9.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:center"> + <p>"</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>6°</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:center"> + <p>"</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1 in 10.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:center"> + <p>"</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p> 5°</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:center"> + <p>"</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1 in 12.</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:center"> + <p>"</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4°</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:center"> + <p>"</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>1 in 15.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>Will any of your readers oblige me by solving the above anomalies, and + by giving the proper angles or measurement under which objects should be + taken when near, moderately distant, or far removed from the camera; + stating, at the same time, at how many feet from the camera an object is + to be considered as near, or distant, or between the two? It would be a + great assistance to beginners in the stereoscopic art, if some + experienced gentleman would state the best distances and angles for + taking busts, portraits, groups, buildings, and landscapes.</p> + + <p>It is said that stereoscopic pictures at great distances, such as + views, should be taken "with a small aperture." But as the exact + dimensions are not mentioned, it would be equally serviceable if, to the + other details, were added some account of the dimensions of the apertures + required for the several angles.</p> + + <p>In the directions given in the work from which I have quoted, it is + said that when pictures are taken with one camera placed in different + positions, the angle should be 15°; but when taken with two cameras, the + angle should be 10°. Is this right? And, if so, why the difference?</p> + + <p>In the account given by you of Mr. Wilkinson's ingenious mode of + levelling the cameras for stereoscopic pictures, it is said the + plumb-line should be three feet long, and that the diagonal lines drawn + on the ground glass should be made to cut the principal object focussed + on the glass; and "when you have moved it, the camera, 8 <i>or</i> 10 + feet, make it cut the same object again." At what distance is the object + presumed to be?</p> + + <p>Any information upon the above matters will be a great service, and + consequently no slight favour conferred upon your constant reader since + the photographic correspondence has been commenced.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="grk">φ</span>. + + <p><i>Photographic Portraits of Criminals, &c.</i>—Such + experience as I have had both in drawing portraits and taking + photographs, impels me to hint to the authorities of Scotland Yard that + they will by no means find taking the portraits of gentlemen that are + "wanted" infallible, and I anticipate some unpleasant mistakes will ere + long arise. I have observed that inability to recognize a portrait is as + frequent in the case of photographs as on canvass, or in any other way. I + defy the whole world of artists to reduce the why and wherefore into a + reasonable shape; one will declare that "either" looks as if the + individual was going to cry; the next critic will say he sees nothing but + a pleasant smile. "I should never have known who it is if you hadn't told + me," says a third; the next says "it's his eyes, but not his nose;" and + perhaps the next will say, "it's his nose, but not his eyes."</p> + + <p>I was present not long since at the showing a portrait, which I think + about the climax of doubt. "Not a bit like," was the first exclamation. + The poor artist sank into his chair; after, however, a brief + contemplation, "It's very like, <i>in-deed</i>; it's excellent:" this was + said by a gentleman of the highest attainments, and one of the best poets + of the day.</p> + + <p>Some persons (I beg pardon of the ladies) take the habiliments as the + standard of recognition. I do not accuse them of doing it wilfully; they + do not know it themselves. For example, Miss Smith will know Miss Jones a + mile or so off. By her general air, or her face? Oh no! It's by the + bonnet she helped her to choose at Madame What-d'ye-call's, because the + colour suited he complexion.</p> + + <p>These are some of the mortifications attendant on artistic labour, and + if they occur with the educated classes, they are more likely to happen + even to "intelligent policemen," as the newspaper have it. If I dissent + from the plan it is because I doubt its efficiency, but do not deny that + it is worth a trial. If the French like to carry their portraits about + with them on their passports to show to policemen, let them submit to the + humiliation. I doubt very much whether the Chamber of Deputies would have + made a law of it: it appears a new idea in jurisprudence that a man + <i>must</i> sit for his picture. Any one, however, understanding the + camera, would be alive before the removal of the cup of the lens, and be + ready with a wry face; I do not suppose he could be imprisoned for + <i>that</i>.</p> + + <p>Both plans are miserable travesties on the lovely uses of portrait + painting and photography. Side by side with Cowper's passionate address + to his mother's picture, how does it look?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Oh, that those lips had language! Life has pass'd</p> + <p>With me but roughly since I saw thee last."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>And,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Blest be the art that can immortalise."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>If photography has an advantage over canvas, it does indeed + immortalise (the painting may imitate, and the portrait may be good; but + there is something more profoundly affecting in having the actual, the + real shade of a friend perhaps long <!-- Page 507 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page507"></a>{507}</span> since in his grave); + and we ought not only to be grateful to the illustrious inventors of the + art, but prevent these base uses being made of it.</p> + + <p>In short, apart from the uncertainty of recognition, which I have not + in the least caricatured, if Giles Scroggins, housebreaker and coiner, + and all the swell mob, are to be photographed, it will bring the art into + disgrace, and people's friends will inquire delicately where it was done, + when they show their lively effigies. It may also mislead by a sharp + rogue's adroitness; and I question very much its legality.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Weld Taylor</span>. + + <p><i>Photography applied to Catalogues of Books.</i>—May not + photography be usefully applied to the making of catalogues of large + libraries? It would seem no difficult matter to obtain any number of + photographs, of any required size, of the title-page of any book. Suppose + the plan adopted, that five photographs of each were taken; they may be + arranged in five catalogues, as follows:—Era, subject, country, + author, title. These being arranged alphabetically, would form five + catalogues of a library probably sufficient to meet the wants of all. Any + number of additional divisions may be added. By adopting a fixed + breadth—say three inches—for the photographs, to be pasted in + double columns in folio, interchanges may take place of those unerring + slips, and thus librarians aid each other. I throw out this crude idea, + in the hope that photographers and librarians may combine to carry it + out.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert Blor</span>, LL.D. + + <p class="address">Dublin. + + <p><i>Application of Photography to the Microscope.</i>—May I + request the re-insertion of the photographic Query of R. J. F. in Vol. + vi., p. 612., as I cannot find that it has received an answer, viz., What + extra apparatus is required to a first-rate microscope in order to obtain + photographic microscopic pictures?</p> + + <p class="author">J. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Discovery at Nuneham Regis</i> (Vol. vi., p. 558.).—May the + decapitated body, found in juxta-position with other members of the + Chichester family, not be that of Sir John Chichester the Younger, + mentioned in Burke's <i>Peerage and Baronetage</i>, under the head + "Chichester, Sir Arthur, of Raleigh, co. Devon," as being that fourth son + of Sir John Chichester, Knt., M.P. for the co. Devon, who was Governor of + Carrickfergus, and lost his life "by decapitation," after falling into + the hands of James Macsorley Macdonnel, Earl of Antrim?</p> + + <p>The removal of the body from Ireland to the resting-place of other + members of the family would not be a very improbable event, and quite + consistent with the natural affection of relatives, under such mournful + circumstances.</p> + + <p class="author">J. H. T. + + <p><i>Eulenspiegel, or Howleglas</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 357. + 416.).—Permit me to acquaint your correspondent that among the many + singular and curious books which formed the library of that talented + antiquary the late Charles Kirkpatrick Sharp, and which were sold here by + auction some time ago, there was a small 12mo. volume containing + <i>French translations</i>, with rude woodcuts, of—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>1. "La Vie joyeuse et recreative de Tiel-Ullespiegle, de ses Faits + merveilleux et Fortunes qu'il a eues; lequel par aucune Ruse ne se laissa + pas tromper. A Troyes, chez Garner, 1838."</p> + + <p>2. "Histoire de Richard Sans Peur, Duc de Normandie, Fils de Robert le + Diable, &c. A Troyes, chez Oudot, 1745."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">T. G. S. + + <p class="address">Edinburgh. + + <p><i>Parochial Libraries</i> (Vol. vi., p. 432.; Vol. vii., pp. 193. + 369. 438.).—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"In the year 1635, upon the request of the Rev. Anthony Tuckney, Vicar + of Boston, it was ordained by the Archbishop of Canterbury (Laud), then + on his metropolitical visitation at Boston, 'that the roome over the + porch of the saide churche shall be repaired and decently fitted up to + make a librarye, to the end that, in case any well and charitably + disposed person shall hereafter bestow any books to the use of the + parish, they may be there safely preserved and kept.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This library at present contains several hundred volumes of ancient + (patristic, scholastic, and post-Reformation) divinity.</p> + + <p>I hope to be able ere long to make a correct catalogue of the books at + present remaining, and at the same time make an attempt to restore them + to that decent "keeping" in which the great and good archbishop desired + they might remain.</p> + + <p>Query: In making preparations for the catalogue, I have been informed + by a gentleman that he remembers two or more <i>cart loads</i> of books + from this library being sold by the churchwardens, and, as he believes, + by the then archdeacon's orders, at waste paper price; that the bulk of + them was purchased by a bookseller then resident in Boston, and re-sold + by him to a clergyman in the neighbourhood of Silsby.</p> + + <p>1. What was the date of the sale?</p> + + <p>2. The name of the <i>Venerable</i> Archdeacon who perpetrated this + robbery?</p> + + <p>3. Whether there are any legal means for recovering the missing + works?</p> + + <p>My extracts are from Thompson's <i>History of Boston</i>, a + correspondent of yours, a new edition of whose laborious work is about to + appear.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thomas Collis</span>. + + <p class="address">Boston. + + <p><i>Painter—Derrick</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 178. 391.).—I + cannot agree with J. S. C. that <i>painter</i> is a corruption of + <i>punter</i>, from the Saxon <i>punt</i>, a boat. <!-- Page 508 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page508"></a>{508}</span> According to the + construction and analogy of our language, a <i>punter</i> or + <i>boater</i> would be the person who worked or managed the boat. I + consider that <i>painter</i>—like <i>halter</i> and <i>tether</i>, + derived from Gothic words signifying to <i>hold</i> and to + <i>tie</i>—is a corruption of <i>bynder</i>, from the Saxon + <i>bynd</i>, to bind. If the Anglo-Norman word <i>panter</i>, a snare for + catching and holding birds, be a corruption of <i>bynder</i>, we are + brought to the word at once. Or, indeed, we may go no farther back than + <i>panter</i>.</p> + + <p>J. C. G. says that <i>derrick</i> is an ancient British word: perhaps + he will be kind enough to let us know its signification. I always + understood that a <i>derrick</i> took its name from <i>Derrick</i>, the + notorious executioner at Tyburn, in the early part of the seventeenth + century, whose name was long a general term for hangman. In merchant + ships, the <i>derrick</i>, for hoisting up goods, is always placed at the + hatchway, close by the <i>gallows</i>. The <i>derrick</i>, however, is + not a nautical appliance alone; it has been long used to raise stones at + buildings; but the crane, and that excellent invention the handy-paddy, + has now almost put it out of employment. What will philologists, two or + three centuries hence, make out of the word <i>handy-paddy</i>, which is + universally used by workmen to designate the powerful winch, traversing + on temporary rails, employed to raise heavy weights at large buildings. + For the benefit of posterity, I may say that it is very <i>handy</i> for + the masons, and almost invariably worked by Irishmen.</p> + + <p>As a collateral evidence to my opinion, that <i>painter</i> is derived + from the Saxon <i>bynder</i>, through the Anglo-Norman <i>panter</i>, and + that <i>derrick</i> is from <i>Derrick</i> the hangman, I may add that + these words are unknown in the nautical technology of any other + language.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Pinkerton</span>. + + <p class="address">Ham. + + <p><i>Pepys's "Morena"</i> (Vol. vii., p. 118.).—<span + class="sc">Mr. Warden</span> may like to be informed that his conjecture + about the meaning of this word is fully confirmed by the following + passage in the <i>Diary</i>, 6th October, 1661, which has hitherto + unaccountably escaped observation:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"There was also my <i>pretty black girl</i>, Mrs. Dekins and Mrs. + Margaret Pen this day come to church."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Braybrooke</span>. + + <p><i>Pylades and Corinna</i> (Vol. vii., p. 305.).—If your + correspondent's question have reference to the two volumes in octavo + published under this title in 1731, assuredly Defoe had nothing to do + with them, as must be evident to any one on the most cursory glance. The + volumes contain memoirs of Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas, on whom Dryden + conferred the poetical title of Corinna, and the letters which passed + between her and Richard Gwinnett, her intended husband. A biography of + this lady, neither whose life nor poetry were of the best, may be found + in Chalmers's <i>Biog. Dict.</i>, vol. xxix. p. 281., and a farther one + in Cibber's <i>Lives</i>, vol. iv. The <i>Dunciad</i>, and her part in + the publication of Pope's early correspondence, have given her an unhappy + notoriety. I must say, however, that, notwithstanding his provocation, I + cannot but think that he treated this poor woman ungenerously.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley</span>. + + <p><i>Judge Smith</i> (Vol. vii., p. 463.).—I must confess my + ignorance of any Judge Smith flourishing in the reign of Elizabeth. I + know of only three judges of that name.</p> + + <p>1. John Smith, a Baron of the Exchequer during the last seven years of + the reign of Henry VIII. From him descended the Lords Carrington of + Wotton Waven, in Warwickshire, a title which became extinct in 1705.</p> + + <p>2. John Smith, who was also a Baron of the Exchequer in the reign of + Anne. He became Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Scotland in 1708, and + died in 1726. He endowed a hospital for poor widows at Frolesworth in + Leicestershire.</p> + + <p>3. Sidney Stafford Smythe, likewise a Baron of the Exchequer under + George II. and III., and Chief Baron in the latter reign. He was of the + same family as that of the present Viscount Strangford.</p> + + <p>If Z. E. R. would be good enough to send a copy of the inscription on + the monument in Chesterfield Church, and give some particulars of the + family seated at Winston Hall, the difficulty will probably be + removed.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Foss</span>. + + <p><i>Grindle</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 107. 307. 384.).—As one at least + of the readers of "N. & Q." living near <i>Grindle</i> (Greendale is + modern), allow me to say that from the little I know of the places, they + appear to me "to possess no traces of those natural features which would + justify the demoniacal derivation proposed by I. E." However, as my + judgment may be of little worth, if "I. E. of Oxford" should ever migrate + into these parts, and will favour me with a call, with credentials of + being the veritable I. E. of "N. & Q.," I shall have much pleasure in + assisting him to examine for himself all the local knowledge which a + short walk to the spots may enable him to acquire.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Ellacombe</span>. + + <p class="address">Rectory, Clyst St. George. + + <p><i>Simile of the Soul and the Magnetic Needle</i> (Vol. vi., pp. 127. + 207. 280. 368. 566.).—Dr. Arnold, with more religion than science, + thus employs this simile:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Men get embarrassed by the common cases of misguided conscience; but + a compass may be out of order as well as a conscience, and the needle may + point due south if you hold a powerful magnet in that direction. Still + the compass, generally speaking, is a true and sure guide, and so is the + conscience; and you <!-- Page 509 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page509"></a>{509}</span> can trace the deranging influence on the + latter quite as surely as on the former."—<i>Life and + Correspondence</i>, 2nd ed. p. 390.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby</span>. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p><i>English Bishops deprived by Queen Elizabeth, 1559</i> (Vol. vii., + p. 260.).—I have endeavoured to procure some information for + A. S. A. on those points which <span class="sc">Mr. Dredge</span> left + unnoticed, but find that, after his diligent search, very little indeed + is to be gleaned. <i>Bishop Payne</i> died in January, 1559/60 (Strype's + <i>Annals</i>, anno 1559). Dod, in vol. i. p. 507. of his <i>Church + History</i>, mentions a letter of <i>Bishop Goldwell's</i>, or, as he + calls him, <i>Godwell's</i>, to Dr. Allen, dated anno 1581:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"This letter," he says, "seems to be written not long before Bishop + Godwell's death, for I meet with no farther mention of him. Here the + reader may take notice of a mistake in Dr. Heylin, who tells us he died + prisoner in Wisbich Castle, which is to be understood of Bishop + Watson."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Of <i>Bishop Pate</i> he says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"He was alive in 1562, but how long after I do not find."—Vol. + i. p. 488.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><i>Bishop Pole</i>, according to the same authority, died a prisoner + at large about the latter end of May, 1568. <i>Bishop Frampton</i> died + May 25, 1708 (Calamy's <i>Own Times</i>, vol. ii. p. 119.). I cannot + ascertain the day of <i>Bishop White's</i> death, but he was buried, + according to Evelyn (vol. iii. p. 364.), June 5, 1698.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tyro</span>. + + <p class="address">Dublin. + + <p><i>Borrowed Thoughts</i> (Vol. vii., p. 203.).—The thought which + <span class="sc">Erica</span> shows has been used by Butler and Macaulay + is a grain from an often-pillaged granary; a tag of yarn from a piece of + cloth used ever since its make for darning and patching; a drop of honey + from a hive round which robber-bees and predatory wasps have never ceased + to wander,—the <i>Anatomy of Melancholy</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Though there were giants of old in physic and philosophy, yet I say + with Didacus Stella<a name="footnotetag2" + href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a>, 'a dwarf standing on the shoulders + of a giant may see farther than a giant himself.' I may likely add, + alter, and see farther than my predecessors; and it is no greater + prejudice for me to indite after others, than for Ælianus Montaltus, that + famous physician, to write <i>De Morbis Capitis</i>, after Jason + Pratensis," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The pagination (that of Tegg's edition, 1849) will not guide those who + with Elia sicken at the profanity of "unearthing the bones of that + fantastic old great man," and know not a "sight more heartless" than the + reprint of his <i>Opus</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Sigma</span>. + + <p class="address">Sunderland. + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>In <i>Luc.</i> 10. tom. ii.: "Pigmi gigantum humeris impositi plusquam + ipsi gigantes vident."—<i>Preface</i>, p. 8.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>Dr. South</i> v. <i>Goldsmith, Talleyrand, &c.</i> (Vol. vi., + p. 575. Vol. vii., p. 311.).—One authority has been overlooked by + <span class="sc">Mr. Breen</span>, which seems as likely as any to have + given currency to the saying, viz. Dean Swift. In <i>Gulliver's + Travels</i> (1727), Voyage to the Houyhnhnms, the hero gives the king + some information respecting British ministers of state, which I apprehend + in Swift's day was no exaggeration. The minister, Gulliver says, "applies + his words to all uses except to the indication of his mind." It must be + confessed, however, that this authority is some seven years after Dr. + South.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby</span>. + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p><i>Foucault's Experiment</i> (Vol. vii., p. 330.).—The reality + of the rotation, and the cause assigned to it by Foucault in his + experiment, is now admitted without question by scientific men. But in + measuring the amount of the motion of the pendulum, so many disturbing + causes were found to be at work, that the numerical results have not been + obtained as yet with exactness. The best account is, perhaps, the + original one in the <i>Comptes Rendus</i>. Mr. Foucault has lately + invented an instrument founded on a similar principle, to find the + latitude of a place.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Elsno</span>. + + <p><i>Passage in "Locksley Hall"</i> (Vol. vi., p. 272.; Vol. vii., pp. + 25. 146.).—Of these three commentators neither appears to me to + have hit Tennyson's meaning, though <span class="sc">Corylus</span> has + made the nearest shot. I ought to set out by confessing that it was not + originally clear to myself, but that I could not for a monument doubt, + when the following explanation was suggested to me by a friend. The + "curlews" themselves are the "dreary gleams:" the words are what the + Latin Grammar calls "duo substantiva ejusdem rei." I take the meaning, in + plain prose to be this: "The curlews are uttering their peculiar cry, as + they fly over Locksley Hall, looking like (to me, the spectator) dreary + gleams crossing the moorland."</p> + + <p>I could supply A. A. D. with several examples <i>in English</i>, from + my commonplace-book, of the "bold figure of speech not uncommon in the + vivid language of Greece;" and among the rest, one from Tennyson himself, + to wit:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Now, scarce three paces measured from the mound,</p> + <p>We stumbled on a stationary <i>voice</i>," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>But I doubt whether the poet had those passages in his thought, when + he penned the opening of his noble poem "Locksley Hall." Of course I do + not <i>know</i>, any more than A. A. D., and the rest; and I suppose we + shall none of us get any enlightenment "by authority."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Harry Leroy Temple</span>. + + <p><i>Lake of Geneva</i> (Vol. vii. p. 406.).—The account given in + the <i>Chronicle of Marius</i> of what is called "an earthquake or + landslip in the valley of the <!-- Page 510 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page510"></a>{510}</span> Upper Rhone," is evidently that of a + sudden <i>débâcle</i> destructive of life and property, but not such as + to effect any permanent change in the configuration of the country. That + an antiquary like Montfaucon should have fallen into the blunder of + supposing that the Lacus Lemanus was then formed, may well excite + surprise. The breadth of the new-formed lake, as given by Marius, is + impossible, as the mountains in the valley are scarcely anywhere more + than a mile apart. The valley of the Upper Rhone is liable to such + <i>débâcles</i>, and one which would fill it might be called a lake, + although of short duration. Having witnessed the effects of the + <i>débâcle</i> of 1818 a few weeks after it happened, I can easily + understand how such a one as that described by Marius should have + produced the effects attributed to it, and yet have left no traces of its + action after the lapse of centuries.</p> + + <p class="author">J. S. + + <p class="address">Athenæum. + + <p><i>"Inter cuncta micans," &c.</i> (Vol. vi., p. 413.).—In a + small work, <i>Lives of Eminent Saxons</i>, part i. p. 104., the above + lines are ascribed to Aldhelm, and a translation by Mr. Boyd is + subjoined.</p> + + <p>To Aldhelm also are attributed the lines so often alluded to in "N. + & Q.," "Roma tibi subito," &c.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C. + + <p><i>"Its"</i> (Vol. vi., p. 509.; Vol. vii., p. 160.).—As the + proposer of the question on this word, so kindly replied to by <span + class="sc">Mr. Keightley</span>, may I give two instances of its use from + the Old Version of the Psalms?</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Which in due season bringeth forth <i>its</i> fruit + abundantly."—Ps. i. 3.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Thou didst prepare first a place, and set <i>its</i> roots so + fast."—Ps. lxxx. 10.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The American <i>Bibliotheca Sacra</i> for October 1851, p. 735., says + (speaking of the time when the authorised version of the Scriptures was + executed), "the genitive <i>its</i> was not then in use;" which is + disproved by the quotations already given.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C. + + <p><i>Gloves at Fairs</i> (Vol. vii., p. 455.).—The custom of + "hanging out the glove at fair time," as described by E. G. R., is, in + all probability, of Chester origin. The annals of that city show that its + two great annual fairs were established, or rather confirmed, by a + charter of Hugh Lupus, the first Norman Earl of Chester, who granted to + the abbot and convent of St. Werburgh (now the cathedral) "the + extraordinary privilege, that no criminals resorting to their fairs at + Chester should be arrested for any crime whatever, except such as they + might have committed during their stay in the city." For several + centuries, Chester was famous for the manufacture of gloves; and in token + thereof, it was the custom for some days before, and during the + continuance of the fair, to hang out from the town-hall, then situate at + the High Cross, their local emblem of commerce—a <i>glove</i>: + thereby proclaiming that non-freemen and strangers were permitted to + trade within the city, a privilege at all other times enjoyed by the + citizens only. During this period of temporary "free trade," debtors were + safe from the tender mercies of their creditors, and free from the visits + of the sheriff's officer and his satellites. On the removal of the + town-hall to another part of the city, the leathern symbol of + "unrestricted competition" was suspended, at the appointed season, from + the roof of St. Peter's Church; until that reckless foe to antiquity, the + Reform Bill, aimed a heavy blow at all our prescriptive rights and + privileges, and decreed that the stranger should be henceforth on a + footing with the freeborn citizen. Notwithstanding this, the authorities + of the city still continued to "hang out their banner on the outward + walls;" and it is only within the last ten years that the time-honoured + custom has ceased to exist.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes</span>. + + <p class="address">Chester. + + <p><i>Astronomical Query</i> (Vol. vii., p.84.).—Your fair + correspondent <span class="sc">Leonora</span> makes a mistake in + reference to the position, in regard to the zodiac, of the + newly-discovered planets. It is indeed not at all surprising that these + bodies were not discovered before, for this reason—they <i>do not + move within the circle of the zodiac</i>: they lie far beyond it, so much + so, that to include them the zodiac must be expanded to at least five + times its present breadth. Hence they lie out of the path of ordinary + observation, and their discovery is usually the result of keen telescopic + examination of distant parts of the heavens. <span + class="sc">Leonora</span> is of course aware, that, with the exception of + Neptune (the discovery of which is a peculiar case), all the recently + discovered planets belong to the cluster of asteroids which move between + Mars and Jupiter. These are all invisible to the eye with the exception + of Vesta, and she is not to be distinguished by any but an experienced + star-gazer, and under most favourable circumstances; their minuteness, + their <i>extra</i>-zodiacal position, and the outrageous orbits which + they describe, all conspire to keep them out of human ken until they are + detected by the telescope, and ascertained to be planets either by their + optical appearances, or by a course of watching and comparison of their + positions with catalogues of the fixed stars.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Shirley Hibberd</span>. + + <p><i>Tortoiseshell Tom Cat</i> (Vol. v., p. 465.; Vol. vii., p. + 271.).—See Hone's <i>Year Book</i>, p. 728.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Zeus</span>. + + <p><i>Sizain on the Pope, the Devil, and the Pretender</i> (Vol. vii., p. + 270.).—This is given as one of the prize epigrams in the + <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for 1735, vol. v. p. 157.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Zeus</span>. +<!-- Page 511 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page511"></a>{511}</span> + + <p><i>Wandering Jew</i> (Vol. vii., p. 261.).—Your correspondent + will find an account of the Wandering Jew prefixed to "Le Juif errant," + the 3ième livraison of <i>Chants et Chansons Populaires de la + France</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Lawrence.</span> + + <p class="address">Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + + <p>The earliest account of this legend is in Roger of Wendover, under the + year 1228: <i>De Joseph, qui ultimum Christi adventum adhuc vivus + exspectat</i>, vol. iv. p. 176. of the Historical Society's edition, vol. + ii. p. 512. of Bohn's Translation: see also Brand's <i>Popular + Antiquities</i>, vol iii. p. 360., Bohn's edition.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Zeus.</span> + + <p><i>Hallett and Dr. Saxby</i> (Vol. vii., p. 41.).—I know nothing + of the parties, but have the book about which S. R. inquires. The title + is not accurately given in the <i>Literary Journal</i>. Instead of "An + Ode to Virtue," by Dr. Morris Saxby, it is <i>An Ode on Virtue by a Young + Author, dedicated to Dr. William Saxby; with a Preface and Notes, + Critical and Explanatory, by a Friend</i>—"Mens sibi conscia + recti"—A good intention. Printed anno Domini <span + class="scac">MDCCXCI</span>, pp. 16.</p> + + <p>A more stupid production could not easily be found; but, as it must be + scarce, if the story about the destruction of all but eight copies is + true, I transcribe a part of the dedication:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Most August Doctor,</p> + + <p>"The reputation you have acquired by professional merit, with the + respect which is universally shown to you on account of your practical + observance of moral philosophy, has induced me to select you as a + protector of the following work; which being evidently intended to + promote a cause for which you was always a zealous advocate, I have + nourished the most flattering hopes that you will be rather pleased than + offended by this unwarrantable presumption.</p> + + <p>"It is necessary I should deviate from the general rule of celebrating + a patron's virtues in a high strain of panegyric, being sensible how + generally yours are known, and how justly admired."—P. 3.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The ode contains only ten lines:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Virtue, a mere chimera amongst the fair,</p> + <p>Is now quite vanquished into air;</p> + <p>Formerly it was thought a thing of worth,</p> + <p>But now who thinks of such poor stuff.</p> + <p>It's only put on to deceive,</p> + <p>That us poor mortals on them may crave;</p> + <p>Fall down and swear their beauty far</p> + <p>Surpasses what are ever saw!</p> + <p>Then they who think all's true that's said," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I omit the final line as unseemly.</p> + + <p>Dr. Saxby is mentioned only on the title-page, and that part of the + dedication which I have copied. He must have been a sensitive man to have + felt such an attack, and a prompt one to settle his account with the + author so quickly. As it is obvious that the ode was published solely to + annoy him, we may be allowed to hope that in the "severe personal + chastisement" he was not sparing of whipcord. The absence of place of + publication and printer's name render inquiry difficult; and there is no + indication as to whether Dr. Saxby was of Divinity, Law, or Physic.</p> + + <p class="author">H. B. C. + + <p class="address">U. U. Club. + + <p><i>"My mind to me a kingdom is"</i> (Vol. i., pp. 302. 489.; Vol. vi., + pp. 555. 615.).—The idea is Shakspeare's (Third Part of <i>Hen. + VI.</i>):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Keeper.</i> Ay, but thou talk'st as if thou wert a king.</p> + <p><i>K. Henry.</i> Why, so I am in mind; and that's enough."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span> + + <p class="address">Birmingham. + + <p><i>Claret</i> (Vol. vii., p. 237.).—The word claret seems to me + to be the same as the French word <i>clairet</i>, both adjective and + substantive; as a substantive it means a low and cheap sort of + <i>claret</i>, sold in France, and drawn from the barrel like beer in + England; as an adjective it is a diminutive of <i>clair</i>, and implies + that the wine is transparent.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Lammens.</span> + + <p class="address">Manchester. + + <p><i>Suicide at Marseilles</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 180. 316.).—The + original authority for the custom at Marseilles, of keeping poison at the + public expense for the accommodation of all who could give the senate + satisfactory reasons for committing suicide, is Valerius Maximus, lib. + ii. cap. vi. § 7.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Zeus.</span> + + <p><i>Etymology of Slang</i> (Vol. vii., p. 331.).—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Slangs</span> are the greaves with which the legs of + convicts are fettered, having acquired that name from the manner in which + they were worn, as they required a sling of string to keep them off the + ground.... The irons were the <i>slangs</i>; and the slang-wearer's + language was of course slangous, as partaking much if not wholly of the + <i>slang</i>."—<i>Sportsman's Slang, a New Dictionary and Varieties + of Life</i>, by John Bee: Preface, p. 5.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Zeus.</span> + + <p><i>Scanderbeg's Sword</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 35. 143.).—The + proverb, "Scanderbeg's sword must have Scanderbeg's arm," is founded on + the following story:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"George Castriot, Prince of Albania, one of the strongest and + valiantest men that lived these two hundred yeares, had a cimeter, which + Mahomet the Turkish Emperor, his mortall enemy, desired to see. Castriot + (surnamed of the Turks, Ischenderbeg, that is, Great Alexander, because + of his valiantnesse), having received a pledge for the restitution of his + cimeter, sent it so far as Constantinople to Mahomet, in whose court + there was not any man found that could with any ease wield that piece of + steele: so that Mahomet sending it back againe, enioyned the messenger to + tell the prince, that in this action he kind proceeded enemy-like, and + with a fraudulent mind, sending a counterfeit cimeter <!-- Page 512 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page512"></a>{512}</span> to make his + enemie afraid. Ischenderbeg writ back to him, that he had simply without + fraud or guile sent him his owne cimeter, with the which he used to helpe + himselfe couragiously in the wars; but that he had not sent him the hand + and the arme which with the cimeter cleft the Turkes in two, struck off + their heads, shoulders, legs, and other parts, yea, sliced them of by the + wast; and that verie shortly he would show him a fresh proofe thereof; + which afterwards he performed."—<i>Historical Meditations from the + Latin of P. Camerarius</i>, by John Molle, Esquire, 1621, book iv. Cap. + xvi. p. 299.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The following, relating to the arm and sword of Scanderbeg, may + perhaps not inappropriately be added, although not connected with the + proverb:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Marinus Barletius (lib. i.) reports of Scanderbeg, Prince of Epirus + (that most terrible enemy of the Turks), that, from his mother's womb, he + brought with him into the world a notable mark of warlike glory: for he + had upon his right arm a sword, so well set on, as if it had been drawn + with the pencil of the most curious and skilful painter in the + world."—Wanley's <i>Wonders of the Little World</i>, 1678, book i. + cap. vii.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Zeus</span>. + + <p><i>Arago on the Weather</i> (Vol. vii., p. 40.).—<span + class="sc">Elsno</span> will find extracts from Arago's papers in the + <i>Pictorial Almanack</i>, 1847, p. 30., and in the <i>Civil Engineer and + Architects' Journal</i>, which volume I cannot say, but I think that for + 1847. Also in the <i>Monthly Chronicle</i>, vol. i. p. 60., and vol. ii. + p. 209.; the annals of the <i>Bureau des Longitudes</i> for 1834 and the + <i>Annuaire</i> for 1833.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Shirley Hibberd</span>. + + <p><i>Rathe</i> (Vol. vii., p. 392.).—<span class="sc">Mr. + Crossley</span> is, I believe, mistaken in his derivation of the word + <i>rathe</i> from the Celtic <i>raithe</i>, signifying inclination, + although <i>rather</i> seems indisputably to belong to it. <i>Rathe</i> + is, I believe, identical with the Saxon adjective <i>rætha</i>, + signifying early. Chaucer's—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"What aileth you so <i>rathe</i> for to arise,"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>has been already quoted as bearing this meaning. Milton, in Lycidas, + has—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Bring the <i>rathe</i> primrose that forsaken dies."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In a pastoral, called a "Palinode," by E. B., probably Edmond Bolton, + in England's <i>Helicon</i>, edit. 1614, occurs:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"And make the <i>rathe</i> and timely primrose grow."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And we have "<i>rathe</i> and late," in a pastoral in Davidson's + <i>Poems</i>, 4th edit., London, 1621.</p> + + <p><i>Rathe</i> is a word still in use in the Weald of Sussex, where + Saxon still lingers in the dialect of the common people; and a + <i>rathe</i>, instead of an early spring, is spoken of; and a species of + early apple is known as the <i>Rathe</i>-ripe.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon</span>. + + <p><i>Carr Pedigree</i> (Vol. vii., p. 408.).—The pedigree + description of Lady Carr is "Gresil, daughter of Sir Robert Meredyth, + Knt., Chancellor of the Exchequer in Ireland." Sir George Carr died Feb. + 13, 1662-3, and was buried in Dublin. His sons were 1, Thomas, and 2, + William; and a daughter Mary, who married 1st, Dr. Thomas Margetson (son + to the Archbishop of Armagh); and 2ndly, Dr. Michael Ward. The pedigree + is continued through Thomas the eldest son, who was the father of the + Bishop of Killaloe. It does not appear that William left any issue. His + wife's name was Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Sing, D.D., Lord Bishop of + Cork.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. St.</span> + + <p><i>Banbury Cakes</i> (Vol. vii., p. 106.).—In <i>A Treatise of + Melancholy</i>, by T. Bright, doctor of physic, and published in 1586, I + find the following:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Sodden wheat is of a grosse and melancholicke nourishment, and bread + especially of the fine flower unleavened: of this sort are bag-puddings + or pan-puddings made with flour, frittars, pancakes, such as we call + <i>Banberie cakes</i>, and those great ones confected with butter, eggs, + &c., used at weddings; and howsoever it be prepared, rye and bread + made thereof carrieth with it plentie of melancholie."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">H. A. B. + + <p><i>Detached Belfry Towers</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 333. 416. + 465.).—To your already extensive list of church towers separate + from the church, Launceston Church, Cornwall, and St. John's Church, + Chester, may not unfittingly be added.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes</span>. + + <p class="address">Chester. + + <p>Elstow, Bedfordshire, is an instance of a bell tower separated from + the body of the church.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C. + + <p><i>Dates on Tombstones</i> (Vol. vii., p. 331.).—A correspondent + asks for instances of dates on tombstones prior to 1601. I cannot give + any, but I can refer to some slabs lying upon the ground in a churchyard + near Oundle (Tausor if I remember aright), on which appear in relief + recumbent figures with the hands upon the breast, crossed, or in the + attitude of prayer. These are of a much earlier date, and I should be + much pleased to know if many or any such instances elsewhere occur.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C. + + <p><i>Subterranean Bells</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 128. 328.).—Bells + under ground and under water, so often referred to, remind me of the + Oundle Drumming Well, which I remember seeing when a child. There is a + legend connected with it which I heard, but cannot accurately recollect. + The well itself is referred to in Brand, vol. ii. p. 369. (Bohn's ed.), + but the legend is not given.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C. + + <p><i>Mistletoe in Ireland</i> (Vol. ii., p. 270.).—I have just + received, in full blossom, a very fine spray from a luxuriant plant of + this parasite growing on an apple tree in the gardens of Farmley, the + seat of William Lloyd Flood, Esq., in the county of Kilkenny. This plant + of mistletoe has existed at <!-- Page 513 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page513"></a>{513}</span> Farmley beyond the memory of the present + generation; but Mr. Flood's impression, communicated to me, is, that it + was artificially produced from seed by some former gardener. If natural, + which <i>may</i> be the case, this instance of its occurrence in Ireland + is, I believe, unique.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Graves</span>. + + <p class="address">Kilkenny. + + <p><i>Stars and Flowers</i> (Vol. iv., p. 22.; Vol. vii., p. 151. + 341.).—Passages illustrative of this similitude have been quoted + from Cowley, Longfellow, Hood, and Moir. The metaphor is also made use of + by Darwin, in his <i>Loves of the Plants</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Roll on, ye stars! exult in youthful prime,</p> + <p>Mark with bright curves the printless steps of time;</p> + <p><i>Flowers of the sky!</i> ye, too, to age must yield,</p> + <p>Frail as your silken sisters of the field."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B.A. + + <p><i>The Painting by Fuseli</i> (Vol. vii., p. 453.).—The picture + by the late Henry Fuseli, R.A., inquired after by <span class="sc">Mr. + Sansom</span>, is in the collection at Sir John Soane's Museum; it was + purchased by him in 1802.</p> + + <p>It was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1780, and is thus entered in + the Catalogue of that year:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"No. 77. Ezzelin Bracciaferro musing over Meduna, destroyed by him, + for disloyalty, during his absence in the Holy Land. <i>Fuseli.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>There is an engraving of the picture in <i>Essays on Physiognomy</i>, + by J. C. Lavater, translated from the French by Henry Hunter, D.D., 4to.: + London, 1789. The <i>second</i> volume, p. 294.</p> + + <p>The inscription under that engraving, by Holloway, is as follows:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"Ezzelin, Count of Ravenna, surnamed Bracciaferro or Iron Arm, musing + over the body of Meduna; slain by him, for infidelity, during his absence + in the Holy Land."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">George Bailey</span>. + + <p>The subject of your correspondent <span class="sc">J. Sansom's</span> + inquiry is in the Soane Museum, Lincoln's Inn Fields. Search among the + Italian story-tellers will not discover the origin of the picture of + Count Ezzelin's remorse: it sprung from that fertile source of fearful + images—Henry Fuseli's brain. The work might well have been left + without a name, but for the requirements of the Royal Academy Catalogue, + and, it must be added, Fuseli's desire to mystify the Italian as well as + the other scholars of his day.</p> + + <p>For confirmation of the correctness of these statements, I refer your + correspondent to the <i>Life of Fuseli</i> by Knowles, and to that by + Cunningham in the <i>Lives of the British Painters</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">R. F., Jun. + + <p><i>"Navita Erythræum"</i> (Vol. vii., p. 382.).—Since I + requested a reference to these lines, I have possessed myself of a very + elaborate Latin work on <i>Bells</i>, in two vols. 8vo., published at + Rome, 1822, by Alexander Lazzarinus, <i>De Vario Tintinnabulorum usu apud + veteres Hebræos et Ethnicos</i>: wherein, in a section on the effect of + the sound of bells on different animals, he quotes those very lines from + "Cornelius Kilianus Dufflæus in suis poematibus."</p> + + <p>I shall now be thankful to be told something about the said + Dufflæus,—who and what he was,—when and where he lived?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Ellacombe</span>. + + <p class="address">Rectory, Clyst St. George. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3> + + <p>The success which has attended <i>The Chronological New Testament</i> + has encouraged the publisher of that most useful work to undertake an + edition of the entire Scriptures on a similar plan; and we have now + before us the First Part of <i>The English Bible, containing the Old and + New Testaments according to the authorised Version: newly divided into + Paragraphs, with concise Introductions to the several Books; and with + Maps and Notes illustrative of the Chronology, History, and Geography of + the Holy Scriptures; containing also the most remarkable Variations of + the ancient Versions, and the chief Results of modern Criticism</i>. Even + this ample title-page does not, however, point out the many helps towards + a better understanding of the Word of God, which, by improvements in its + division and typographical arrangement, are here furnished for the use of + the devout student: and which has this great recommendation in our eyes, + as we have no doubt it will be its greatest in that of many of our + readers, that it is no endeavour to furnish a new translation, but only + an attempt to turn our noble authorised version to the best account. The + present Part completes the Book of Genesis, and we have little doubt that + its success will be such as to secure for the publisher that patronage + which will enable him to complete so desirable a work as his "<i>New + Edition of the authorised Version of the Bible</i>." While on this + subject, we may fitly call attention to the eighth number of <i>The + Museum of Classical Antiquities: a Quarterly Journal of Ancient Art</i>, + and its accompanying <i>Supplement</i>, both of which are entirely + occupied with a question which, from its connexion with our holiest and + most religious feelings, must always command our deepest + attention,—namely, the true site of Calvary, and of the Holy + Sepulchre. The question is discussed at considerable length, and with + great learning and acuteness; and, we trust, from its generally + interesting character, may have the effect of drawing attention to a + journal which deserves the patronage of scholars to a greater extent + than, from the prefatory notice, it would appear to have received up to + the present time.</p> + + <p>The Second Part of <i>The Ulster Journal of Archæology</i> has just + appeared. We cannot better recommend it to our antiquarian friends than + by pointing out that it contains the following papers:—1. + Metropolitan Visitation of the Diocese of Derry, <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1397. 2. Iona. 3. Anglo-Norman Families of + Lecale, County Down. <!-- Page 514 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page514"></a>{514}</span> 4. Ogham Inscriptions. 5. Irish Surnames, + their past and present Forms. 6. The Island of Tory in the Pagan Period. + 7. Origin and Characteristics of the People in the Counties of Down and + Antrim. 8. King William's Progress to the Boyne. 9. Antiquarian Notes and + Queries. 10. Annals of Ulster.</p> + + <p>We ought, in the same way, to specify the various papers to be found + in the recently-published <i>Reports and Papers read at the Meetings of + the Architectural Society of the Archdeaconry of Northampton and the + Counties of York and Lincoln; and of the Architectural and Archæological + Society of the County of Bedford during the Year 1852</i>,—but such + a course is obviously impossible. There is one paper in the volume which, + as especially worthy the attention of those interested in our + Ecclesiastical History, deserves to be particularly noticed, namely, the + Rev. G. A. Poole's <i>Synchronological Table of the Bishops of the + English Sees from the Year 1050 to 1550</i>. How much good service might + be done to Historical Literature by the compilation and printing of many + documents of a similar character!</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">Scott, Remarks on the best Writings of the best + Authors</span> (or some such title).</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Sermons by the Rev. Robert Wake</span>, M.A. 1704, + 1712, &c.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">History of Ancient Wilts</span>, by <span + class="sc">Sir R. C. Hoare</span>. The last three Parts.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Rev. A. Dyce's Edition of Dr. Richard Bentley's + Works</span>. Vol. III. Published by Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, + Holborn. 1836.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Dissertation on Isaiah XVIII., in a Letter to Edward + King, Esq.</span>, by <span class="sc">Samuel Lord Bishop of Rochester + (Horsley)</span>. The Quarto Edition, printed for Robson. 1779.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Ben Jonson's Works</span>. 9 Vols. 8vo. Vols. II., + III., IV. Bds.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Sir Walter Scott's Novels</span>. 41 Vols. 8vo. The + last nine Vols. Boards.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Jacob's English Peerage</span>. Folio Edition, 1766. + Vols. II., III., and IV.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Gammer Gurton's Needle</span>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Alison's Europe</span>. (20 Vols.) Vols XIII., + XX.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Abbotsford Edition of the Waverley Novels</span>. Odd + Vols.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Truth Teller</span>. A Periodical.</p> + + <p>*** <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to + send their names.</i></p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest prices, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> + + <p>L. M. M. R. <i>If our Correspondent will forward copies of the</i> + Note and Queries, <i>they shall have immediate attention.</i></p> + + <p>X. Z. <i>We cannot undertake to recommend any particular houses for + photographic apparatus or chemicals. Our advertising columns show + sufficiently where they may be procured.</i></p> + + <p><i>Many Replies to Correspondents are unavoidably omitted.</i></p> + + <p><i>A few complete sets of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vi., <i>price Three Guineas, may now + be had; for which early application is desirable.</i></p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Now ready, 8vo., 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p><b>THE TEXT OF SHAKESPEARE</b> VINDICATED from the Interpolations and + Corruptions advocated by John Payne Collier, Esq., in his "Notes and + Emendations." By SAMUEL WELLER SINGER.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"To blot old books and alter their contents."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Rape of Lucrece.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Also, preparing for immediate Publication, in Ten Volumes, fcap. 8vo., + to appear Monthly,</p> + + <p>THE DRAMATIC WORKS OF WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE, the Text completely revised, + with Notes, and various Readings. By SAMUEL WELLER SINGER.</p> + + <p>London: Published by WM. PICKERING.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Just published in 4to. price 22<i>s.</i> cloth,</p> + + <p><b>CATALOGI CODICUM MANUSCRIPTORUM BIBLIOTHECÆ + BODLEIANÆ</b>—PARS PRIMA RECENSIONEM CODICUM GRÆCORUM continens, + confecit H. O. COXE, A.M., Hypo-Bibliothecarius.</p> + + <p>Oxonii.: Typographeo Academico. Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and + 377. Strand, London; and GARDNER, 7. Paternoster Row.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>TO PARENTS, GUARDIANS,</b> RESIDENTS IN INDIA, &c.—A Lady + residing within an hour's drive westward of Hyde Park, and in a most + healthy and cheerful situation, is desirous of taking the entire charge + of a little girl, to share with her only child (about a year and a half + old) her maternal care and affection, together with the strictest + attention to mental training. Terms, including every possible expense + except medical attendance, 100<i>l.</i> per annum. If required, the most + unexceptionable references can be furnished.</p> + + <p>Address to T. B. S., care of MR. BELL, Publisher, 186. Fleet + Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">JUST PUBLISHED, PRICE FOURPENCE,<br /> +Or sent Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps,</p> + +<h3>FENNELL'S SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY,</h3> + +<h4>NO. II.</h4> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>Containing Interesting Articles on the Medical Practice of + Shakspeare's Son-in-Law, DR. JOHN HALL, of Stratford-on-Avon: including + Curious Notices of Numerous Old Families connected with Gloucestershire, + Northamptonshire, Shropshire, and Warwickshire; more Notes on + Shakspeare's Plays, by THOMAS WHITE, B.A., of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; + Curious Ancient Proclamations against Actors; Old English Proverbs; + Report of the recent Shakspearian Festival at Stratford; Review of J. P. + Collier's New Work, &c. &c.</p> + + <p>No. I. of the SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY may also be had, PRICE SIXPENCE, + or sent Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps.</p> + + <p>Also may be had Free on Receipt of Three Postage Stamps, a Fac-simile + of a remarkably Curious and Amusing Newspaper of the Reign of King + Charles II.</p> + + <p>Published by JAMES H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Published in September last, Second Edition, price 15<i>s.</i></p> + + <p><b>ON THE ANCIENT BRITISH,</b> ROMAN, AND SAXON ANTIQUITIES AND + FOLK-LORE OF WORCESTERSHIRE. By JABEZ ALLIES, Esq., F.S.A.</p> + + <p>The work details the Antiquities, and elucidates the Ancient Names of + Fields and Places, in every part of the County; traces the Ancient Roads, + discusses the Folk-lore, and notices the Border Antiquities. This edition + contains 500 pages, demy 8vo., with 6 illustrative Engravings, upwards of + 40 Woodcuts, and a copious Index. The former edition contained 150 pages. + Those who have, and likewise those who may be pleased to purchase the + Work, can obtain at the publishers, free of charge, a Supplement + containing some additions and corrections, and also high Commendations of + the Work, which have been extracted from various Reviews and + Periodicals.</p> + + <p>Published by J. H. PARKER, 377. Strand, London; and J. GRAINGER, 18. + Foregate, Worcester.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">This day is published in 8vo., pp. 542, price 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p><b>HISTORY</b> of the BYZANTINE EMPIRE, from DCCXVI. to MLVII. By + GEORGE FINLAY, Esq., Honorary Member of the Royal Society of + Literature.</p> + + <p>WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London;</p> + + <p>Who have lately published, by the same Author,</p> + + <p>GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS: a Historical View of the Greek Nation, from + the time of its Conquest by the Romans until the Extinction of the Roman + Empire in the East, <span class="scac">B.C.</span> 146-<span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 717, 8vo., pp. 554, price 16<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>HISTORY OF GREECE, from its Conquest by the Crusaders to its Conquest + by the Turks, and of the EMPIRE OF TREBIZOND, 1204-1461, 8vo., pp. 520, + price 12<i>s.</i> <!-- Page 515 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page515"></a>{515}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHY</b>.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for + obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty + seconds, according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for the delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES</b>.—A Selection of the above beautiful + Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) + may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be + procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the + practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p> + + <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p> + + <p>BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical + Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHY</b>.—Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide + of Silver).—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the + first in England who published the application of this agent (see + <i>Athenæum</i>, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion (price 9<i>d.</i> per oz.) + retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired + for months; it may be exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound + mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and + all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all the + Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the + open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best + Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, price 1<i>s.</i>, free by Post 1<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>,</p> + + <p><b>THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS</b> of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW + EDITION. Translated from the French.</p> + + <p>Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S + celebrated Lenses for Portraits and Views.</p> + + <p>General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and + other Talbotype Papers.</p> + + <p>Pure Photographic Chemicals.</p> + + <p>Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.</p> + + <p>GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER</b>.—Negative and Positive Papers of + Whatman's, Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make, Waxed-Paper for + Le Gray's Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of + Photography.</p> + + <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. + Paternoster Row, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH</b>, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. + Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 Guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each.</p> + + <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, + the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.</p> + + <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL +LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.</h3> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">Established 1824.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum + of 131,125<i>l.</i> was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying + with the different ages from 24œ to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid + during the five years, or from 5<i>l.</i> to 12<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> per + cent. on the Sum Assured.</p> + + <p>The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders + being now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the + benefits obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK + OF PARTNERSHIP.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected before the 30th of June next, will be entitled, at + the next Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later + Assurers.</p> + + <p>On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need + be paid for the first five years.</p> + + <p>INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.</p> + + <p>Claims paid <i>thirty</i> days after proof of death, and all Policies + are <i>Indisputable</i> except in cases of fraud.</p> + + <p>Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the + Society's Agents, or of</p> + + <p class="author">GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. + + <p class="address"><i>99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London.</i> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">The Twenty-eighth Edition.</p> + + <p><b>NEUROTONICS</b>, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing + Remarks on the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, + and the means of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all + Chronic Diseases, by DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. + Price 4<i>d.</i>, or Post Free from the Author for Five Penny Stamps.</p> + + <p>"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the + careful perusal of our invalid readers."—<i>John Bull Newspaper, + June 5, 1852.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">PULLEYN'S COMPENDIUM.<br /> +One Volume, crown 8vo., bound in cloth, price 6<i>s.</i>,</p> + + <p><b>THE ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM</b>: or, PORTFOLIO OF ORIGINS AND + INVENTIONS; relating to—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Language, Literature, and Government.</p> + <p>Architecture and Sculpture.</p> + <p>Drama, Music, Painting, and Scientific Discoveries.</p> + <p>Articles of Dress, &c.</p> + <p>Titles, Dignities, &c.</p> + <p>Names, Trades, Professions.</p> + <p>Parliament, Laws, &c.</p> + <p>Universities and Religious Sects.</p> + <p>Epithets and Phrases.</p> + <p>Remarkable Customs.</p> + <p>Games, Field Sports.</p> + <p>Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week.</p> + <p>Remarkable Localities, &c. &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>By WILLIAM PULLEYN.</p> + + <p>The Third Edition, revised and improved, by MERTON A. THOMS, ESQ.</p> + + <p>London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO., 85 Queen Street, Cheapside.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>SPECTACLES</b>.—WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as + a Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a + Mathematician, and his practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's + Optometer, in the selection of Spectacles suitable to every derangement + of vision, so as to preserve the sight to extreme old age.</p> + + <p>ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited + at the Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are + so constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the + surface of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely + removed; and a telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power + and light than could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the + various sizes on application to</p> + + <p>WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE +AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + + <p>Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + + <p><i>Directors.</i></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Cabell, Esq.</p> + <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.</p> + <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p> + <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p> + <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p> + <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p> + <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p> + <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>Trustees.</i></p> + + <p>W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, + Esq.</p> + + <p><i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p> + + <p><i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing + Cross.</p> + + <p>VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + on the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + + +<table class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Age</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>£</i></p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>s.</i></p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p><i>d.</i></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>17</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>14</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>22</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>27</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>5</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>32</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>10</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>37</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>6</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>42</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>3</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p><b>CITY OF LONDON LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY</b>, 2. Royal Exchange + Buildings, London.</p> + + <p>Subscribed Capital, a Quarter of a Million.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><i>Trustees.</i></p> + <p>Mr. Commissioner West, Leeds.</p> + <p>The Hon. W. F. Campbell, Stratheden House.</p> + <p>John Thomas, Esq., Bishop's Stortford.</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="short" > + + <p>This Society embraces every advantage of existing Life Offices, viz. + the Mutual System without its risks of liabilities: the Proprietary, with + its security, simplicity, and economy: the Accumulative System, + introduced by this Society, uniting life with the convenience of a + deposit bank: Self-Protecting Policies, also introduced by this Society, + embracing by one policy and one rate of premium a Life Assurance, an + Endowment, and a Deferred Annuity. No forfeiture. Loans with commensurate + Assurances. Bonus recently declared, 20 per Cent.</p> + + <p>EDW. FRED. LEEKS, Secretary. <!-- Page 516 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page516"></a>{516}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>NEW WORKS</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">PUBLISHED BY</p> + +<h3>ADDEY & CO., 21. OLD BOND STREET.</h3> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">In One Volume, post 8vo., price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth,</p> + +<h3>AUSTRALIA VISITED AND REVISITED:</h3> + + <p>A Narrative of recent Travels and old Experiences in the Golden, + Pastoral, and Agricultural Districts of Victoria and New South Wales.</p> + + <p>By SAMUEL MOSSMAN, Author of "The Gold Regions of Australia," &c. + and THOMAS BANISTER, Author of "England and her Dependencies," + &c.</p> + + <p>With Maps by A. K. JOHNSTON, Geographer to Her Majesty.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"The narrative is of a truthful, matter-of-fact character. The writers + tell us what they saw, with little if any colouring or exaggeration. + Wherever there is any interest in the things themselves, it is preserved + in the book, whether it relates to the appearance of the gold-diggings + and the diggers or their mode of life—to the places frequently + depopulated of <i>men</i> by the gold fever pervading the colonies, to + the night bivouac of quiet people to avoid the close atmosphere and + riotous companions at the roadside inns from the crowds rushing to or + returning from the diggings, or to many other more permanent scenes of + still or animated life. With the actual are mingled remarks on Australia, + and advice to emigrants, the latter of which is of a judicious + kind."—<i>Spectator.</i></p> + + <p>"The authors of this compact volume have well worked out the purpose + they had in view, as put forth in the preface, making the book a real + book, indulging in no flights of imagination lest injury should be + inflicted thereby upon the uninformed and ingenuous.... This + straightforward and eminently practical book."—<i>Lloyd's Weekly + News.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">In fcap. 4to., printed and bound in the style of the period, price 21<i>s.</i>, +or in morocco, 36<i>s.</i></p> + +<h3>THE DIARY AND HOURES OF +THE LADYE ADOLIE,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">A FAYTHFULLE CHILDE, 1552.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Edited by the LADY CHARLOTTE PEPYS.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"This work resembles several productions of the last few years. The + Diary professes to be written by a noble young lady of the sixteenth + century. 'Lady Adolie' has an advantage over most of its precursors in + the greater depth and variety of the incidents. The Journal begins just + before the accession of Bloody Mary, and ends with the martyrdom of the + youthful writer at Smithfield.... The book is charmingly written; the + kindly, simple, loving spirit of a girl in her teens, thrown much upon + her own resources, is truthfully depicted, as well as the firm piety of + that age."—<i>Spectator.</i></p> + + <p>"The familiar conversation of the day, as sought to be reproduced in + this Diary, wears an appearance of singular truthfulness, and whether the + topic be the deathbed of good King Edward, the merits of Somerset, Ladye + Jane Grey, her Grace the Ladye Elysabeth, the Queen herself, or the + demeanour of her Spanish husband, the proceedings of Cardinal Pole, the + doings at the Tower prison, the volume reflects as in a faithful mirror + the opinions current in the national mind."—<i>Globe.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">BY THE AUTHOR OF "CHILD'S PLAY."</p> + +<p class="cenhead">In medium 4to., handsomely bound, price 15<i>s.</i></p> + +<h3>A CHILDREN'S SUMMER.</h3> + +<h4>Eleven Etchings on Steel by E. U. B.</h4> + +<p class="cenhead">ILLUSTRATED IN PROSE AND RHYME BY M. L. B. & W. M. C.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">India Proofs on Large Paper, in Portfolio, price 31<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"What cordial admiration, what honest unaffected praise, have we to + bestow on these etchings! Never did we see a more perfect harmony + expressed throughout between accomplishment and grace of hand and moral + beauty of mind. Not the most faultless of mere correctness of drawing + could have the effect which these etchings produce. Within outlines + imperfect as we have described them, often the most exalted fancies are + found. The arrangement is almost always excellent—than the + groupings of the figures, and the composition of each scene, nothing for + the most part can be better. And the beautiful sympathy with children + that is displayed, the enjoyment in their joy, their gay sports their + tender little thoughtful gravities and their innocent purity of affection + which brings round them the thoughts of angels—all this has most + delightful expression in 'A Children's + Summer.'"—<i>Examiner.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">In Two Vols. crown 8vo., price 12<i>s.</i>, elegantly bound in cloth, gilt,</p> + +<h3>GRIMM'S HOUSEHOLD STORIES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">COMPLETE EDITION.</p> + +<h4>The celebrated Stories of the Brothers Grimm.</h4> + +<p class="cenhead">Embellished with 200 small and 36 full-page Illustrations by +E. H. WEHNERT.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"From time to time we have noticed the periodical appearances of this + edition of the famous book of the Brothers Grimm, and have only now to + mention the fact of its completion into two compact, well-filled volumes. + The translation is done in just the simple, homely way which suits best + with the stories.... Every juvenile library should possess this excellent + 'Grimm.'"—<i>Examiner.</i></p> + + <p>"The two volumes of 'Household Stories,' translated from the Messrs. + Grimm, are the completed form of an edition which was issued in numbers, + and which has from time to time been mentioned by us as in course of + publication. What with Mr. Wehnert's admirable illustrations (of which + the number is almost countless) and the general elegance of production, + the work now presents an appearance sufficiently seductive to the + juvenile class of readers, to whom it is more particularly + addressed."—<i>Athenæum.</i></p> + + <p>"We cannot again avoid alluding to Mr. Wehnert's illustrations to + 'Grimm.' They are instinct with the most vital spirit of German legendary + romance—remote, unreal, grotesque, and suggestive; with strange + bits of landscape and beautiful human faces (those of the children + remarkably so), and with a singular absence of strong contrast of light + and shade, as though the sun which shone upon them was not the same which + shines upon this earth."—<i>Athenæum</i>, second notice.</p> + + <p>"The stories are delightful."—<i>Leader.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">In 8vo., handsomely bound in cloth gilt, price 5<i>s.</i>, the First Volume of</p> + +<h3>THE CHARM:</h3> + +<h4>A BOOK FOR BOYS AND GIRLS.</h4> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">THE CONTRIBUTIONS BY</span> MRS. HARRIET MYRTLE, ALFRED ELWES, J. H. PEPPER, +FREDERICA GRAHAM, CLARA DE CHATELAIN, &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Embellished with more than One Hundred Illustrations by +LEJEUNE, KAULBACH, WEIR, WEHNERT, ABSOLON, SKILL, &c. &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>The Work is continued in Monthly Numbers, price Sixpence each.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"A word in praise of the charming periodical for children, 'The + Charm,' which is more eagerly looked for by several youngsters we know + than "Bleak House' is by their parents."—<i>Leader.</i></p> + + <p>"Children, we find, love this periodical."—<i>Critic.</i></p> + + <p>"'The Charm' is an excellent monthly periodical, full of pleasant + stories and engravings."—<i>Atlas.</i></p> + + <p>"An attractive and well-varied book."—<i>Spectator.</i></p> + + <p>"'The Charm,' a book for boys and girls, is the completed volume, + handsomely bound, of a book which has been appearing in monthly numbers + during the year, and in which form we have several times noticed it with + warm approval. It is full of interesting matter to read, and adorned with + upwards of one hundred engravings, of admirable execution, illustrative + of natural history, topography, juvenile science, costumes, and sports, + drawn by the best artist."—<i>Critic.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">WITH FIVE HUNDRED PICTURES.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Large 4to., 6<i>s.</i> in elegant Picture Binding, by LUKE LIMNER, a New +Edition of</p> + +<h3>THE PICTURE PLEASURE BOOK;</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">CONTAINING FIVE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE +MOST EMINENT ARTISTS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">An Edition is also published mounted on cloth, price 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1"> + + <p>"'The Picture Pleasure Book' is really the child's joy, for it gives + him large folio pages full of woodcuts, executed in the best style of + art, teaching him natural history, educating his eye to good drawing and + graceful form, and telling stories in pictures. It is an admirable + design, and no house that holds children should be without + it."—<i>Critic.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">LONDON: ADDEY AND CO., 21. OLD BOND STREET.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10 + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, May 21. + 1853.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 186, May 21, +1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20409-h.htm or 20409-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/4/0/20409/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 186, May 21, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 21, 2007 [EBook #20409] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + +{493} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 186.] +Saturday, May 21, 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Lord Bacon's "Advancement of Learning" 493 + Erection of Forts at Michnee and Pylos, by C. Forbes 495 + Hoveden's Annals: Bohn's "Antiquarian Library," by + James Graves 495 + FOLK LORE:--Raven Superstition--African Folk Lore + --Funeral Custom 496 + Shakspeare Readings, No. VII. 496 + MINOR NOTES:--Portrait of Luther--Randle Wilbraham + --Unpublished Epigram by Sir W. Scott--Crassus' + Saying 498 + + QUERIES:-- + Bees and the Sphynx atropos, by Sydney Smirke 499 + "The Craftsman's Apology," by James Crossley 499 + Palissy and Cardinal Wiseman 499 + MINOR QUERIES:--Polidus--St. Paul's Epistles to + Seneca--Meaning of "folowed"--Roman Catholic + Registers--St. Alban's Day--Meigham, the London + Printer--Adamsoniana--Canker or Brier Rose-- + "Short red, god red"--Overseers of Wills--Lepel's + Regiment--Vincent Family--Passage in the First + Part of Faust--Lady Anne Gray--Continental Brasses + --Peter Beaver--Cremonas--Cranmer and Calvin 499 + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--"A Letter to a Convocation + Man"--Prester John--Homer's Iliad in a + Nut--Monogram of Parker Society--The Five Alls-- + Corvizer 502 + + REPLIES:-- + English Comedians in Germany 503 + A Gentleman executed for whipping a Slave to Death, + by Henry H. Breen 503 + Longevity 504 + Derivation of Canada, by Robert Wright 504 + Setantiorum Portus 505 + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Stereoscopic Queries + --Photographic Portraits of Criminals, &c.--Photography + applied to Catalogues of Books--Application + of Photography to the Microscope 505 + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Discovery At Nuneham + Regis--Eulenspiegel, or Howleglas--Parochial Libraries + --Painter--Pepys's "Morena"--Pylades and + Corinna--Judge Smith--Grindle--Simile of the Soul + and the Magnetic Needle--English Bishops deprived + by Queen Elizabeth--Borrowed Thoughts--Dr. South + _v._ Goldsmith, Talleyrand, &c.--Foucault's Experiment + --Passage in "Locksley Hall"--Lake of + Geneva--"Inter cuncta micans"--"Its"--Gloves + at Fairs--Astronomical Query--Tortoiseshell Tom + Cat--Sizain on the Pope, the Devil, and the Pretender + --Wandering Jew--Hallett and Dr. Saxby-- + "My mind to me a kingdom is"--Claret--Suicide at + Marseilles--Etymology of Slang--Scanderbeg's Sword + --Arago on the Weather--Rathe--Carr Pedigree-- + Banbury Cakes--Detached Belfry Towers, &c. 507 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c. 513 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 514 + Notices to Correspondents 514 + Advertisements 514 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +LORD BACON'S "ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING." + +Considering the large number of quotations from previous writers which +occur in Lord Bacon's works, and especially in his most popular and +generally read works--his _Essays_ and his _Advancement of Learning_--it is +remarkable how little his editors have done for the illustration of his +text in this respect. The French editors of Montaigne's _Essays_, who is +likewise a writer abounding in quotations, have bestowed much care on this +portion of their author's text. The defect in question has, however, been +to a great extent supplied in a recent edition of the _Advancement of +Learning_, published by Mr. Parker in West Strand; and it is to be hoped +that the beginning, so usefully made, may be followed up by similar +editions of other of Bacon's works. + +The edition in question, though it traces the great majority of Bacon's +quotations, has left some gleanings to its successors; and I propose now to +call attention to a few passages of the _Advancement of Learning_ which, +after the labours of the late editor, seem still to require further +elucidation. My references are to the pages of the new edition:-- + + P. 25. "Then grew the flowing and watery vein of Osorius the Portugal + bishop to be in price." + +The editor prints _Orosius_ for _Osorius_, and adds this note: + + "All the editions have _Osorius_, which, however, must be a mere + misprint. He was not a Portuguese, but a Spaniard, born at Tarragona, + nor indeed ever a bishop. He was sent by St. Augustine on a mission to + Jerusalem, and is supposed to have died in Africa in the earlier part + of the fifth century." + +The text of Bacon is quite right. The allusion is not to Paulus Orosius, a +Spaniard, who flourished at the beginning of the fifth century; but to +Jerome Osorio, who was born at Lisbon in 1506, afterwards became Bishop of +Silves, and died in 1580. His works were published at Rome in 1592, in 4 +vols. folio. His principal work, _De rebus Emanuelis Virtute et Auspicio +gestis_, which first appeared in 1571, was several times reprinted, and was +translated into French and English. {494} + + P. 31. "Time, which is the author of authors." + +In _Nov. Org._, i. 84., Time is called "Auctor auctorum, atque adeo omnis +auctoritatis." + + P. 34. "But of these conceits Aristotle speaketh seriously and wisely, + when he saith, 'Qui respiciunt ad pauca de facili pronunciant." + +The editor does not attempt to trace this passage. Query, If it is not in +Aristotle, where is it to be found? + + P. 60. "Ulysses, 'Qui vetulam praetulit immortalitati' is a figure of + those which prefer custom and habit before all excellency." + +The editor refers to _Cic. de Orat._, i. 44., where it is said that such is +the love of country, + + "Ut Ithacam illam, in asperrimis saxulis, tanquam nidulum, affixam, + sapientissimus vir immortalitati anteponeret." + +Another application of the saying is made by Bacon in his Essay VIII., "On +Marriage and Single Life:" + + "Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly + loving husbands, as was said of Ulysses, 'vetulam suam praetulit + immortalitati.'" + +The passage in Cicero does not agree with the dictum quoted by Bacon, which +seems to be a reference to the _Odyssey_, v. 136. 208-10. + + P. 62. "Claudus in via antevertit cursorem extra viam." + +The same proverb is quoted in _Nov. Org._, i. 61. + + P. 85. "Omnia mutantur, nil interit"-- + +from Ovid, _Met._, xv. 165. + +Several passages are cited by Bacon from Seneca, which the editor does not +trace. Thus, in p. 146., it is said,-- + + "Nocet illis eloquentia, quibus non rerum cupiditatem facit, sed sui." + +Page 147.,-- + + "Vere magnum habere fragilitatem hominis, securitatem Dei." + +The same passage is also quoted by Bacon in Essay V., "On Adversity," and +in the treatise _De Sap. Vet._, vol. x. p. 343., edit. Montagu. + +Again, p. 159.: + + "De partibus vitae quisque deliberat, de summa nemo." + +Page 152.,-- + + "Cogita quamdiu eadem feceris," &c., + +repeated in part in the "Essay on Death." + +This last passage is taken, with considerable verbal variations, from +Epist. 77. Sec. 6. + + "Therefore Aristotle, when he thinks to tax Democritus, doth in truth + commend him, where he saith, _If we shall indeed dispute, and not + follow after similitudes_," &c. + +The passage referred to is in _Eth. Nic._, vi. 3.; but it contains no +allusion to Democritus, who is not even named in the _Ethics_; and the word +which Bacon renders _dispute_ ([Greek: akribologeisthai]) means _to speak +with precision_. + + P. 163. "For as the ancient politiques in popular states were wont to + compare the people to the sea, and the orators to the winds." + +The allusion is to a couplet of Solon: + + "[Greek: ex anemon de thalassa tarassetai? en de tis auten] + [Greek: me kinei, panton esti dikaiotate.]" + _Fragm._ i. 8., ed. Gaisford. + +And to a passage of Livy (xxviii. 27.): + + "Multitudo omnis, sicut natura maris, per se immobilis est, venti et + aurae cient." + +Compare Babrius, fab. 71. + + P. 165. "Did not one of the Fathers, in great indignation, call poesy + _vinum daemonum_?" + +The same citation recurs in Essay I., "On Truth:" + + "One of the Fathers, in great severity, called poesy _vinum daemonum_." + +Query, Who is the Father alluded to? + +Page 177., the sayings, "Faber quisque fortunae propriae" is cited; and +again, p. 178., "Faber quisque fortunae suae." In Essay XL., "On Fortune," it +is quoted, with the addition, "saith the poet." The words are to be found +in Sallust, _Ad Caesar. de Rep. Ord._, ii. 1.: + + "Sed res docuit, id verum esse, quad in carminibus Appius ait, fabrum + suae esse quemque fortunae." + +The Appius alluded to is Appius Claudius the Censor. + +Bacon proceeds to say: + + "This conceit or position [viz. 'Faber quisque,' &c.], if it be too + much declared and professed, hath been thought a thing impolitic and + unlucky, as was observed in Timotheus the Athenian, who, having done + many great services to the estate in his government, and giving an + account thereof to the people, as the manner was, did conclude every + particular with this clause, 'And in this Fortune had no part.' And it + came so to pass, that he never prospered in anything he took in hand + afterwards." + +The anecdote is as follows:--Timotheus had been ridiculed by the comic +poets, on account of the small share which his own management had had in +his successes. A satirical painting had likewise been made, in which he was +represented sleeping, while Fortune stood over him, and drew the cities +into his net. (See Plutarch, _Reg. et Imp. Apophth._, vol. ii. p. 42., ed. +Tauchnitz; AElian, V. H. xiii. 42.) On one occasion, however, having +returned from a successful expedition, he remarked to the Athenians, in +allusion to the previous sarcasms, that in this campaign at least Fortune +had no share. Plutarch, who relates the latter {495} anecdote in his _Life +of Sylla_, c. 6., proceeds to say, that this boast gave so much offence to +the deity, that he never afterwards prospered in any of his enterprises. +His reverse of luck, in consequence of his vainglorious language against +Fortune, is also alluded to by Dio Chrysost. _Orat._, lxiv. Sec. 19., edit. +Emper. It will be observed that Plutarch refers the saying of Timotheus to +a single expedition; whereas Bacon multiplies it, by extending it over a +series of acts. + + P. 172. "Cicero reporteth that it was then in use for senators that had + name and opinion for general wise men, as Coruncanius, Curius, Laelius, + and many others, to walk at certain hours in the Place," &c. + +The passage alluded to is _De Orat._, iii. 83. The persons there named are +Sex. AElius, Manius Manilius, P. Crassus, Tib. Coruncanius, and Scipio. + + P. 179. "We will begin, therefore, with this precept, according to the + ancient opinion, that the sinews of wisdom are slowness of belief, and + distrust." + +The precept adverted to is the verse of Epicharmus: + + "[Greek: naphe kai memnas' apistein? arthra tauta ton phrenon.]" + + P. 180. "Fraus sibi in parvis fidem praestruit, ut majore emolumento + fallat." + +Query, Where does this passage occur, as well as the expression "alimenta +socordiae," which Demosthenes, according to Bacon, applies to small favours. + +L. + + * * * * * + + +ERECTION OF FORTRESS AT MICHNEE AND PYLOS. + +Mr. Dartnell, Surgeon of H. M. 53rd regiment, gives the following account +of the building of a fort which has lately been erected at Michnee to check +the incursions of the Momunds into the Peshawur Valley: + + "There was little to be done, except to build a fort, and here the + officers had to superintend and direct the working parties which were + daily sent out.... Laborers from far and near, Cashmerees, Caboolees, + men from the Hindoo Koosh, Afreedees, Khyberees, &c., all working + together with hearty goodwill, and a sort of good-humoured rivalry.... + It is only when working by contract, however, that the Cashmeree + displays his full physical powers, and it is then perfectly refreshing, + in such a physically relaxing and take-the-world-as-it-goes sort of a + country as this, to observe him.... And then to see him carry a burden! + On his head? No. On his back? Yes, but after a fashion of his own, + perfectly natural and entirely independent of basket, or receptacle of + any kind in which to place it. I have now in my garden some half-dozen + of these labourers at work, removing immense masses of clay, which are + nearly as hard as flint, and how do they manage? My friend Jumah Khan + reverts his arms, and clasping his hands together behind his back, + receives the pyramidal load, which generally overtops his head, and + thus he conveys it to its destination," &c.--Colburn's _United Service + Magazine_, December, 1852, pp. 514, 515. + +Thucydides tells us that as soon as the crews of the Athenian ships, +weatherbound at Pylos in the spring of the year B.C. 425, had made up their +minds to kill time by fortifying their harbour of refuge,-- + + "They took the work in hand, and plied it briskly.... The mud that was + anywhere requisite, for want of vessels, they carried on their + shoulders, bending forwards as much as possible, that it might have + room to stick on, and holding it up with both hands clasped fast behind + that it might not slide down."--Book iv. chap. 4. (Smith's + Translation.) + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + * * * * * + + +HOVEDEN'S ANNALS--BOHN'S "ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY." + +Considering the cheap issue of all standard works of reference a great boon +to the general student, I was predisposed to welcome heartily Mr. Bohn's +_Antiquarian Library_. If, however, _cheapness_ be accompanied by +_incorrectness_, the promised boon I conceive to be worthless; even one or +two glaring errors rendering the student distrustful of the entire series. +I was led to form the first of these conclusions on receiving vol. i. of a +translation of the _Annals of Roger de Hoveden_, by Henry T. Riley, Esq., +barrister-at-law; who introduces the work by a flourish of trumpets in the +Preface, on the multifarious errors of the London and Frankfort editions, +and the labour taken to correct _his own_; to the second by observing, +whilst cutting the leaves, the following glaring errors, put forward too as +_corrections_:--Vol. i. p. 350., Henry II. is stated by the _Annalist_ to +have landed in Ireland, A.D. 1172, "at a place which is called _Croch_, +distant _eight miles_ from the city of Waterford." Here Mr. Riley, with +perfect gravity, suggests _Cork_[1] as the true reading!! Can it be, that a +barrister-at-law, with an ominously Irish-sounding name, is ignorant that +the city of Cork is somewhat more distant than _eight miles_ from the _urbs +intacta_, as Waterford loves to call herself? The fact is, however, that +Hoveden and his former editors were nearly correct: on {496} old maps of +the harbour of Waterford, Crook Castle is laid down inside Creden Head, on +the Waterford side of the harbour; and Crook is still the name of a place +at the point indicated, somewhat more however than eight miles from +Waterford. + +Again, at p. 351. occurs Hoveden's well-known and valuable enumeration of +the Irish episcopal sees at the same period, of which Mr. Riley observes: +"Nearly all these are mis-spelt ... they are in a state of almost hopeless +confusion." And then, to make confusion worse confounded, his note on the +Bishop of Ossory (p. 352.) says "In the text, 'Erupolensis' is perhaps a +mistake for 'Ossoriensis.'" Now, _Erupolensis_ happens to be a correct +_alias_ of Ossoriensis: the former characterising the diocese from +Kilkenny, the cathedral city, which being seated on the Nore, or +Neor--Hibernice _Eoir_, Latine _Erus_, was sometimes called Erupolis--the +latter from the territory with which the see was and is co-extensive, the +ancient kingdom of Ossory. + +How many more errors there may be in the first volume of the work, I cannot +say: but, at all events, what the reader has to complain of is, _not_ that +the translator was unable to tell all about "Croch" and "Erupolis," but +that, not knowing, he has made matters worse by his hardy elucidations. +Truly, at this rate, it were better that no cheap edition of Hoveden were +vouchsafed to the public. + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny. + +[Footnote 1: This geographical _morceau_ was nearly equalled by a scribe in +the _Illustrated London News_, who stated that her Gracious Majesty's +steam-yacht, with its royal freight and attendant squadron, when coasting +round from Cork to Dublin in the year 1849, had entered Tramore Bay, and +thence steamed up to Passage in the Waterford Harbour! A truly _royal road_ +to safety; and one that, did it exist, would have saved many a gallant crew +and ship, which have met their fate within the landlocked, but ironbound +and shelterless, jaws of Tramore Bay.] + + * * * * * + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Raven Superstition._--On a recent occasion, at an ordinary meeting of the +guardians of the poor, an application was made by the relieving officer on +behalf of a single woman residing in the church village at Altarnun. The +cause of seeking relief was stated to be "grief," and on asking for an +explanation, the officer stated that the applicant's inability to work was +owing to depressed spirits, produced by the flight of a croaking raven over +her dwelling on the morning of his visit to the village. The pauper was by +this circumstance, in connexion with its well-known ominous character, +actually frightened into a state of wretched nervous depression, which +induced physical want. + +S. R. P. + +_African Folk Lore._--The following curious piece of folk lore is quoted +from an extract in _The Critic_ (of April 1, 1853, p. 172.), in the course +of a review of Richardson's _Narrative of a Mission to Central Africa, +&c._: + + "To avert the evil eye from the gardens, the people (of Mourzak) put up + the head of an ass, or some portion of the bones of that animal. The + same superstition prevails in all the oases that stud the north of + Africa, from Egypt to the Atlantic, but the people are unwilling to + explain what especial virtue there exists in an ass's skull." + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. + +_Funeral Custom._--In some parts (I believe) of Yorkshire, and perhaps +elsewhere, it is customary to send, immediately after a death, a paper bag +of biscuits, and a card with the name, &c. of the deceased, to his friends, +be they many or few. Can any of your readers explain the matter? I have +more than once seen the card, but not the biscuits. + +ABHBA. + + * * * * * + + +SHAKSPEARE READINGS, NO. VII. + +"What are 'Aristotle's checks?'" + +This is the question that MR. COLLIER proposed in support of the alteration +of _checks_ into _ethics_, at p. 144. of his _Notes and Emendations_. He +terms _checks_ "an absurd blunder," and in the preface he again introduces +it, passing upon it the same unqualified sentence of excommunication, as +upon "bosom multiplied," viz. "it can never be repeated." In this opinion +he is backed by most of the public scribes of the day, especially by the +critic of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for April, who declares "we should be +very sorry to have to discover what the editors have understood by the +_checks_ of Aristotle." Furthermore, this critic thinks that "it is +extremely singular that the mistake should have remained so long +uncorrected;" and he intimates that they who have found any meaning in +_checks_, have done so only because, through ignorance, they could find no +meaning in _ethics_. + +Hence it becomes necessary for those who do find a meaning in _checks_, to +defend that meaning; and hence I undertake to answer MR. COLLIER'S +question. + +Aristotle's _checks_ are those _moral adjustments_ that form the +distinguishing feature of his philosophy. + +They are _the eyes of reason_, whereby he would teach man to avoid +divergence from the straight path of happiness. + +They are his moderators, his mediocrities, his metriopathics. + +They are his philosophical steering-marks, his moral guiding-lines, whereby +the passions are to be kept in the _via media_; as much removed from total +abnegation on the one hand, as from immoderate indulgence on the other. + +Virtue, according to Aristotle, consists in checked or _adjusted_ +propensities. Our passions are not in themselves evil, except when +unchecked by reason. And inasmuch as we may overeat, or underfeed ourselves +(the check being temperance), so may we suffer our other propensities to +deviate from the _juste milieu_, either in the direction of indulgence or +of privation. {497} + +The art of adjusting the passions requires an apprenticeship to virtue. The +end to be attained is the establishment of good habits. These good habits, +like any other skill, can only be attained by practice. Therefore the +practice of virtue is the education of the passions. + +_Ethics_ is the doctrine of _habits_; but habits may be good or bad. When +good, they constitute virtue; when bad, licentiousness. + +The doctrine of _checks_ is that branch of _ethics_ which teaches moral +adjustment and restraint. + +Therefore _checks_ and _licentiousness_ are in better antithesis to each +other, than _ethics_ can be to either, because ethics includes both. + +The Aristotelian idea of _adjustment_, rather than _denial_, of the +passions, is well illustrated in the following passage from Plutarch's +_Morall Vertue_, by Philemon Holland, a contemporary of Shakspeare: + + "For neither do they shed and spill the wine upon the floure who are + afraide to be drunke, but delay the same with water: nor those who + feare the violence of a passion, do take it quite away, but rather + temper and qualifie the same: like as folke use to breake horses and + oxen from their flinging out with their heeles, their stiffenes and + curstnes of the head, and stubburnes in receiving the bridle or the + yoke, but do not restraine them of other motions of going about their + worke and doing their deede. And even so, verily, reason maketh good + use of these passions, when they be well tamed, and, as it were, + brought to hand: without overweakening or rooting out cleane that parte + of the soule which is made for to second reason and do it good + service.... Whereas let passions be rid cleane away (if that were + possible to be done), our reason will be found in many things more dull + and idle: like as the pilot and master of a ship hath little to do if + the winde be laid and no gale at all stirring ... as if to _the + discourse of reason_ the gods had adjoined passion as a pricke to + incite, and a chariot to set it forward." + +Again, in describing the "Meanes," he says-- + + "Now to begin with Fortitude, they say it is the meane between + Cowardise and rash Audacitie; of which twaine the one is a defect, the + other an excesse of the yrefull passion: Liberalitie, betweene + Nigardise and Prodigalitie: Clemencie and Mildnesse, betweene + senselesse Indolence and Crueltie: Justice, the meane of giving more or + lesse than due: Temperance, a mediocritie betweene the blockish + stupiditie of the minde, moved with _no touch of pleasure_, and all + unbrideled loosenes, whereby it is abandoned to all sensualitie."-- + _The Philosophie of Plutarch_, fol. 1603. + +It really does appear to me that there could not be a happier or more +appropriate designation, for a philosophy made up in this way of "meanes" +and adjustments, so as to steer between the _plus_ and _minus_, than a +system of _checks_--not fixed, or rigid rules, as they are sometimes +interpreted to be, but nice allowances of excess or defect, to be +discovered, weighed, and determined by individual reason, in the audit of +each man's conscience, according to the strength or weakness of the +passions he may have to regulate. + +I therefore oppose the substitution of _ethics_-- + +1. Because we have the _prima facie_ evidence of the text itself, that +_checks_ was Shakspeare's word. + +2. Because we have internal evidence, in the significance and excellence of +the phrase, that it was Shakspeare's word. + +_Ethics_ was the patent title by which Aristotle's moral philosophy was +universally known; therefore any ignoramus, who never dipped beyond the +title, might, _and would_, have used it. But no person, except one well +read in the philosophy itself, would think of giving it such a designation +as _checks_; which word, nevertheless, is most happily characteristic of +it. + +3. Because, as before stated, Aristotle's _checks_, being the restrictive +and regulating portion of Aristotle's _Ethics_, is necessarily a more +diametrical antithesis to Ovid (and his _laxities_). + +4. Because I look upon the use of this phrase as one of those nice and +scarcely perceptible touches by which Shakspeare was content rather to hint +at, than to disclose his knowledge,--one of those effects whereby he makes +a single word supply the place of a treatise. + +With these opinions, I cannot but look upon this threatened change of +_checks_ into _ethics_, as wholly unwarrantable, and I now protest against +it as earnestly as, upon a former occasion, I did against the alteration of +_sickles_ into _shekels_, or, still worse, into _cycles_ or into _circles_. +It is with great satisfaction I compare four different views taken of this +word by MR. COLLIER, viz.--in the note to the text of his octavo edition of +Shakspeare;--in an additional note in vol. i., page cclxxxiv. of that +edition;--in the first announcement of his annotated folio in the +_Athenaeum_ newspaper, Jan. 31st, 1852,--and finally (after my remarks upon +the word in "N. & Q."), his virtual reinstatement of the original _sickle_ +(till then supposed a palpable and undeniable misprint) at page 46. of +_Notes and Emendations_, together with the production, _suo motu_, of an +independent reference in support of my position. + +To return to this present substitution of _ethics_ for _checks_, a very +singular circumstance connected with it is the ignoring, by both MR. +COLLIER and by the critic in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, of Sir William +Blackstone's original claim to the suggestion, by prior publication of +upwards of half a century. At that time, notwithstanding the great learning +and acuteness of the proposer, the alteration was rejected! And shall we +now be less wise than our fathers? Shall we--misled by the prestige of a +few drops of rusty ink fashioned into letters of formal cut--place implicit +credence in emendations whose only claim to faith, like that of the Mormon +scriptures, is that nobody knows whence they came? {498} + +In the passage I have quoted from Philemon Holland, there may be observed +two peculiarities which are generally supposed to be exclusively +Shakspearian: one is the beautiful application of the word "touch"--the +other the phrase "discourse of reason." Where this last expression occurs +in _Hamlet_, it narrowly escaped _emendation_ at the hands of Gifford! (See +Mr. Knight's note, in his illustrated edition of _Shakspeare_.) It is the +true Aristotelian [Greek: dianoia]. + +There is also a third peculiarity of expression in the same quotation, in +the use of the word _delay_ in the sense of _diluere_, to dilute, temper, +allay. There are at least two passages in Shakspeare's plays where the word +is used in this sense, but which appear to have been overlooked by his +glossarists. The first is in _All's Well that Ends Well_, Act IV. Sc. 3., +where the French locals are moralising upon Bertram's profligate pursuit of +Diana: + + "Now God _delay_ our rebellion--as we are ourselves, what are we?" + +The second is in _Cymbeline_, Act V. Sc. 4., where Jupiter tempers his love +with crosses, in order to make his gifts-- + + "The more _delayed_, delighted." + +A. E. B. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Portrait of Luther._--A portrait of Luther, perhaps original, certainly +nearly cotemporary with the Reformer, possessing many excellent qualities, +was some time since shown me. It is in the possession of Mr. Horne, of +Morton in Marsh, Gloucestershire: it was received by him from an elderly +gentleman still living in London, who purchased it many years since at a +sale of pictures. The picture is very dark, on canvass, with a black frame +having a narrow gilt moulding. As the existence of this portrait is perhaps +not known, mention of the fact might interest some of your readers. The +picture, including frame, is perhaps in size thirty inches by twenty-four; +and the age of the sitter, whose features are delineated with remarkable +effects is probably under fifty years. + +B. H. C. + +_Randle Wilbraham._--Randle Wilbraham, Esq., the grandfather of Lord +Skelmersdale, who died upon the 3rd of April last, was a lawyer of great +eminence, and held the office of treasurer of Lincoln's Inn. The university +of Oxford conferred, by diploma, the degree of D.C.L. upon him in these +notable terms: + + "Placuit nobis in Convocatione die 14 mensis Aprilis 1761, solenniter + convocatis spectatissimum Ranulphum Wilbraham, Arm. Coll. AEnaei Nasi + quondam commensalem, in agendis causis pro diversis Tribunalibus per + multos retro annos hodieque versatissimum, Subsenescallum nostrum et + Consiliarium fidissimum, Gradu Doctoris in Jure Civili insignire. Cujus + quidem haec praecipua ac prope singularis et est, et semper fuit, quod + propriis ingenii et industriae suae viribus innixus Aulici favoris nec + appetens, nec particeps, sine ullo magnatum patrocinio, sine turpi + Adulantium aucupio, ad summam tamen in Foro, in Academia, in Senatu, + tum gloriam, tum etiam authoritatem facilem sibi et stabilem munivit + viam, Fortunae suae si quis alius Deo Favente vere Faber", &c. + +The above is copied from the original diploma, which Mr. Randle Wilbraham +gave to his nephew, the late Dr. William Falconer of Bath. On the death of +Mr. R. Wilbraham, Chief Justice Wilmot wrote "I have lost my old friend Mr. +Wilbraham: he died in the seventy-seventh year of his age, and has not left +a better lawyer, or an honester man behind him." + +ANON. + +_Unpublished Epigram by Sir W. Scott._-- + + "Earth walks on Earth, + Glittering in gold: + Earth goes to Earth, + Sooner than it wold: + Earth builds on Earth, + Palaces and towers: + Earth says to Earth: + Soon, all shall be ours." + +The above, by Sir W. Scott, I _believe_, has never appeared in print to my +knowledge. It was recited to me by a friend of Sir W. Scott. + +R. VINCENT. + +_Crassus' Saying._--I find in the Diary of the poet Moore (in Lord John +Russell's edition), vol. ii. p. 148., a conversation recorded with Dr. +Parr, in which the Doctor quotes "the witticism that made Crassus laugh +(the only time in his life): 'Similes habent labra lactucas.'" + +It appears (see the quotations in Facciolati) that this sage and +laughter-moving remark of Crassus was made on seeing an ass eating a +thistle; whereon he exclaimed, "Similes habent labra lactucas." + +In Bailey's edition of Facciolati it is said, "Proverbium habet locum ubi +similia similibus contingunt,... quo sensu Angli dicimus, 'Like lips like +lettuce: like priest like people.'" + +Out of this explanation it is difficult to elicit any sense, much less any +"witticism." + +I suggest that Crassus' saying meant, "His (the ass's) lips hold thistles +and lettuces to be both alike;" wanting the discrimination to distinguish +between them. Or, if I may put it into a doggerel rhyme: + + "About a donkeys taste why need we fret us? + To lips like his a thistle is a lettuce." + +WM. EWART. + +University Club. + + * * * * * {499} + + +Queries. + +BEES AND THE SPHYNX ATROPOS. + +Huber, in his _Observations on the Natural History of Bees_, avers that the +moth called the _Sphynx atropos_ invades and plunders with impunity a hive +containing thousands of bees, notwithstanding the watchfulness, pugnacity, +and formidable weapons of those insects. To account for this phenomenon, he +states that the queen bee has the faculty of emitting a certain sound which +instantly strikes the bees motionless; and he conjectures that this +burglarious moth, being endowed with the same property, uses it to produce +a similar effect, first on the sentinels at the entrance of the hive, and +then on the bees within. + +In another part of his book (2nd edit. 1808, p. 202.) he relates what he +himself witnessed on introducing a strange queen into a hive. The bees, +greatly irritated, pulled her, bit her, and chased her away; but on her +emitting the sound and assuming an extraordinary attitude, "the bees all +hung down their heads and remained motionless." On the following day he +repeated the experiment, and the intrusive queen was similarly maltreated; +but when she emitted her sound, and assumed the attitude, from that moment +the bees again became motionless. + +Have more modern observers verified this curious fact? Is it not a case of +mesmerism? + +SYDNEY SMIRKE. + + * * * * * + + +"THE CRAFTSMAN'S APOLOGY." + +When Bolingbroke published his _Final Answer to the Remarks on the +Craftsman's Vindication, and to all the Libels which have come, or may come +from the same quarter against the Person last mentioned in the Craftsman of +the 22nd May, 1731_, he was answered in five Poetical Letters to the King, +which in keenness of wit, polished satire, and flowing ease of +versification, have not been since surpassed. The title of the tract in +which they are contained is _The Craftsman's Apology, being a Vindication +of his Conduct and Writings in several Letters to the King_, printed for T. +Cooper, 1732, 8vo. pages 32. By whom were these very clever and amusing +letters written? Lord Hervey or Sir Charles Hanbury Williams are the +parties one would think most likely to have written them; but they do not +appear in the list of Lord Hervey's works given by Walpole, or amongst +those noticed by Mr. Croker, or in Sir C. H. Williams's _Collected Works_, +in three volumes. Independently of which, I question whether the +versification is not, in point of harmony, too equal for either of them. If +they be included in the collected works of any other writer of the time, +which I have no immediate recollection of, some of your correspondents will +no doubt be able to point him out. Should it appear that they have not been +reprinted, I shall be disposed to recur again to the subject, and to give +an extract from them, as, of all the attacks ever made upon Bolingbroke, +they seem to me the most pleasant, witty, and effective. + +JAS. CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + + +PALISSY AND CARDINAL WISEMAN. + +On April 28, Cardinal Wiseman, at the Manchester Corn Exchange, delivered a +lecture "On the Relation of the Arts of Design to the Arts of Production." +It occupies thirteen columns of _The Tablet_ of May 7, which professes to +give it "from _The Manchester Examiner_, with corrections and additions." I +have read it with pleasure, and shall preserve it as one of the best +discourses on Art ever delivered; but there is a matter of fact, on which I +am not so well satisfied. In noticing Bernard Palissy, the cardinal is +reported to have said: + + "For sixteen years he persevered in this way; and then was crowned with + success, and produced the first specimens of coloured and beautiful + pottery, such as are to this day sought by the curious; and _he + received a situation in the king's household, and ended his days in + comfort and respectability_." + +In the review of "Morley's Life of Palissy the Potter," _Spectator_, Oct. +9, 1852, it is said: + + "The period of the great potter's birth is uncertain. Mr. Morley fixes + it, on probable data, at 1509; but with a latitude of six years on + either side. _Palissy died in 1589 in the Bastile, where he had been + confined four years as a Hugenot; the king and his other friends could + defer his trial, but dared not grant him liberty._" + +All the accounts which I have read agree with Mr. Morley and the +_Spectator_. Are they or the cardinal right, supposing him to be correctly +reported? + +H. B. C. + +U. U. Club. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Polidus._--Can you tell me where the scene of the following play is laid, +and the names of the _dramatis personae_?--_Polidus, a Tragedy_, by Moses +Browne, 8vo. 1723. The author of this play, who was born in 1703, and died +in 1787, was for some time the curate of the Rev. James Harvey, author of +_Meditations_, and other works. Mr. Browne was afterwards presented to the +vicarage of Olney, in Bucks, where the Rev. John Newton was his curate for +several years. + +A. Z. + +Glasgow. + + [Moses Browne was subsequently Chaplain of Morden College. The + piscatory brotherhood are indebted to him for having revived Walton's + _Complete Angler_, after it had lain dormant for upwards of eighty + years; and this task, he tells us, was undertaken at the request of Dr. + Samuel Johnson.--ED.] + +{500} + +_St. Paul's Epistles to Seneca._--It has frequently been affirmed that +Seneca became, in the last year of his life, a convert to Christianity--his +canonisation by St. Jerome is undoubted and there was stated to be a MS. of +the above epistle in Merton College. May I ask any of your contributors +whether this MS. has ever been printed? + +J. M. S. + +Hull. + +_Meaning of "folowed."_--Inside the cover of an old Bible and Prayer-Book, +bound in one quarto, Robert Barker, 1611, is the following inscription: + + "July eight I was much folowed when I lay in bed alone att Mistris + Whitmore's house, wee haveing agreed too bee married nextt daye. + + "God, even our own God, shal bless us. This incouriged mee too hope for + God's favour and blessing through Christ. + + "Christopher Curwen and Hannah Whitmore was married att Lambe's Chapel, + near Criplegate, July ninth, 1712." + +An entry of his marriage with his first wife, Elizabeth Sutton, 1704, is on +the cover at the beginning of the book. + +Can any one of your correspondents enlighten me as to the meaning of the +word _folowed_? The letters are legibly written, and there can be no +mistake about any of them. Is it an expression derived from the Puritans? + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Roman Catholic Registers._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where +I can find the registers of births, marriages, and burials of Roman +Catholic families living in Berks and Oxon in the reigns of Charles I. and +II.? + +A. PT. + +_St. Alban's Day._--At p. 340. of the _Chronicles of London Bridge_, it is +stated that Cardinal Fisher was executed on St. Alban's day, June 22, 1535. +How is it that in our present calendar St. Alban's day is not June 22, but +June 17? On looking back I see SIR W. C. TREVELYAN, in our first volume, +inquired the reason of this change, but I do not find any reply to his +Query. + +E. H. A. + +_Meigham, the London Printer._--J. A. S. is desirous of obtaining +information regarding a printer in London, of the name of Meigham, about +1745-8, or to be directed where to search for such. Meigham conversed, or +corresponded, about Catholicity with Dr. Hay, the then vicar-apostolic of +the Eastern District of Scotland. + +_Adamsoniana._--Is anything known of the family of Michel Adamson, or +Michael Adamson, the eminent naturalist and voyager to Senegal, who, though +born in France, is said to have been of Scottish extraction? + +Where is the following poem to be met with? + + "Ode in Collegium Bengalense, praemio dignata quod alumnis collegiorum + Aberdonensium proposuit vir reverendus C. Buchanan, Coll. Bengalensis + Praefectus Vicarius. Auctore Alexandro Adamson, A.M., Coll. Marisch. + Aberd. alumno." + +Allow me to repeat a Query which was inserted in Vol. ii., p. 297., asking +for any information respecting J. Adamson, the author of a rare tract on +Edward II.'s reign, published in 1732, in defence of the Walpole +administration from the attacks of the _Craftsman_. + +Who was John Adamson, author of _Fanny of Caernarvon, or the War of the +Roses_, an historical romance, of which a French translation was published +in 1809 at Paris, in 2 vols. 12mo.? + +E. H. A. + +_Canker or Brier Rose._--Can any of your correspondents tell me why the +brier or dog-rose was anciently called the _canker_? The brier is +particularly free from the disease so called, and the name does not appear +to have been used in disparagement. In Shakspeare's beautiful Sonnet LIV. +are the lines: + + "The _canker-blooms_ have full as deep a dye, + As the perfumed tincture of the roses." + +In _King Henry IV._, Act I. Sc. 3., Hotspur says: + + "Shall it for shame be spoken in these days, + Or fill up chronicles in times to come, + That men of your nobility and power, + Did 'gage them both in an unjust behalf, + (As both of you, God pardon it! have done) + To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose + And plant this thorn, this _canker_ Bolingbroke." + +And again, Don John, in _Much Ado about Nothing_, Act I. Sc. 3.: + + "I had rather be a _canker_ in a hedge, than a rose in the grave." + +ANON. + +"_Short red, god red._"--In Roger of Wendover's _Chronicle_, Bohn's +edition, vol. i. p. 345., is a story how Walchere, Bishop of Durham, was +slain in his county court, A.D. 1075, by the suitors on the instigation of +one who cried out in his native tongue "Schort red, god red, slea ye the +bischop." + +Sir Walter Scott, in his _Tales of a Grandfather_ (vol. i. p. 85.), tells +the same story of a Bishop of Caithness who was burned for enforcing tithes +in the reign of Alexander II. of Scotland (about 1220). + +What authority is there for the latter story? Did Sir Walter confound the +two bishops, or did he add the circumstance for the amusement of Hugh +Littlejohn? Was this the formula usually adopted on such occasions? How +came the Caithness people to speak such good Saxon? + +G. + +_Overseers of Wills._--I have copies of several wills of the fifteenth and +sixteenth centuries, in {501} which one set of persons are appointed +_executors_ and another _overseers_. What were the rights and duties of +these latter? + +J. K. + +_Lepel's Regiment._--Can your correspondent MR. ARTHUR HAMILTON inform me +what is the regiment known in 1707 as _Lepel's Regiment_? It was a cavalry +regiment, I believe. + +J. K. + +_Vincent Family._--Can any of your correspondents give me any information +respecting the descendants of Francis Vincent, grandson of Augustine +Vincent, Rouge Croix Pursuivant at Arms. His sister Elizabeth has, or had +very lately, a representative in the person of Francis Offley Edmunds of +Worsborough, Yorkshire; but nowhere have I been able to obtain any +information respecting himself. If you could give any information on this +subject, you would much oblige + +C. WILSON. + +_Passage in the First Part of Faust._-- + + "_Faust._ Es Klopft? Herein! Wer will mich wieder plagen? + _Mephistopheles._ Ich bin's. + _Faust._ Herein! + _Mephis._ Du musst es dreimal sagen. + _Faust._ Herein denn! + _Mephis._ So gefaellst du mir." + +Why must he say it _three_ times? Is this a superstition that can be traced +in other countries than Germany? In Horace we have Diana thus addressed: + + "_Ter_ vocata audis, adimisque letho, + Diva triformis."--Lib. iii. Ode 22. + +But she is there the benign Diana, not Hecate. + +Are we to understand the passage to mean, that the number _three_ has a +magical influence in summoning spirits; or to teach that the power of evil +is so overruled by a higher Power, that he cannot approach to begin his +work of temptation and ruin unless he be, not once merely, or twice, but +_three_ times, called by the free will and act of the individual who is +surrendering himself to his influence? The subject seems worthy of +elucidation. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Lady Anne Gray._--Who was the "Lady Anne Gray," or "Lady Gray," who was +one of the attendants on Queen Elizabeth when princess, and is mentioned +first in Sir John Harrington's poem in praise of her ladies? + +N. A. + +_Continental Brasses._--At a recent meeting of the Archaeological Institute, +Mr. Nesbitt exhibited rubbings of some fine brasses at Bamberg, Naumberg, +Meissen, and Erfurt. Mr. Nesbitt would confer a favour on the readers of +"N. & Q." by stating the names and dates of those sepulchral memorials, and +the churches from which he obtained the rubbings, and thus aid in carrying +out MR. W. SPARROW SIMPSON'S excellent suggestion for obtaining a complete +list of monumental brasses on the Continent. + +WILLIAM W. KING. + +_Peter Beaver._--In the early part of the last century, a gentleman named +Peter Beaver, whose daughter was married in 1739 to Latham Blacker, Esq., +of Rathescar, lived in the old and fashionable town of Drogheda. Can any +one inform me as to the year of his death, and whether he left a son? The +name has disappeared in Drogheda. I would likewise be glad to know the +origin of the name; and, if it be a corruption of Beauvoir, at what time, +and for what reason, was it changed? The crest is the animal of the same +name. + +ABHBA. + +_Cremonas._--Can any of your numerous correspondents kindly supply me with +a list of the earliest and the latest of the instruments of each of the +famous _cremona_ makers? Such a list would be a valuable contribution to +"N. & Q." + +Mr. Dubourg's work on the _Violin_, excellent as it is in many respects, +contains but a meagre account of the instrument itself, and is sadly +deficient on the subject of my Query. May I ask him, and I have reason for +so doing, on what authority he gives 1664 as the year of the birth of +Antonius Stradivarius, in his last edition? + +H. C. K. + +_Cranmer and Calvin._--In the _Christian Observer_ for March 1827 (No. 303. +p. 150.) it is stated that the late Rev. T. Brock, of Guernsey, had been +assured by an eminent scholar of Geneva, afterwards a clergyman in our +church, that he had met with, in a public library at Geneva, a printed +correspondence in Latin between Archbishop Cranmer and Calvin, in which the +latter forewarned the former, that though he perfectly understood the +meaning of the baptismal service, yet "the time would come when" it "would +be misconceived, and received as implying that baptism absolutely conveyed +regeneration;" and that Cranmer replied, "that it is not possible such a +construction can be put upon the passage, the church having sufficiently +explained her meaning in the Articles and elsewhere." I have heard that +search was made for these documents by M. D'Aubigne and others, but without +success; one of the reports being, that "the documents had been apparently +_cut out_." Mr. Brock's informant, I hear, was a Rev. Marc De Joux, who +afterwards became an Irvingite, left Guernsey, and went to the Mauritius, +where it is believed he still resides. With the _theological_ question I +wish not here to meddle, or to express an opinion. But I should be glad if +you will kindly permit me to inquire whether any of your readers can give +any information as to the existence of the supposed "printed" +correspondence {502} referred to? whether or not it does exist? and, if so, +where? + +C. D. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +"_A Letter to a Convocation Man_" (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 415.).--I beg to +thank "N. & Q." for the answer to my inquiry respecting the authorship of +this letter. I should be very glad to learn further particulars respecting +Sir Bartholomew Shower. Was he a member of the House of Commons, as the +author of the Letter intimates that he himself was? I shall also be very +thankful if TYRO, or any other correspondent, will answer for me these +Queries, suggested by the same Letter. + + "It was the opinion, indeed, of a late _great preacher_, that + Christians under a Mahometan or Pagan government, ought to value the + peace of the country above the conversion of the people there." + +Who is the preacher here referred to? + +Who were the authors, and what were the titles of the many _Defences_ of +Sherlock's _Vindication of the Holy and Ever Blessed Trinity_, and _The +Divinity and Death of Christ_? * + +And what farther is to be learned of Mr. Papin, a Socinian, who jointed the +Church of Rome about that period? + + +Who was Chief Justice in 1697? Was it Chief Justice Treby? ++ + +Trelawney, Bishop of Exeter, excommunicated Dr. Bury. When was the living +the latter enjoyed "untouched and even unquestioned by another bishop?" Sec. + +In case the answers to these should not appear of sufficient importance to +be put into type, I enclose an envelope. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +P.S.--The misprint you point out, Vol. vii., p. 409., of _Oxoniensis_ for +_Exoniensis_, occurred in the Appendix to Wake's _State of the Church and +Clergy of England_, p. 4. + + [* The titles of nearly twenty works relating to Sherlock's Trinitarian + Controversy will be found _s. v._ in the _Bodleian Catalogue_, vol. + iii. p. 462. See also Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_. + + + A long account of Mr. Papin is given in Rose's as well as in + Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_. + + ++ Sir George Treby was Chief Justice of Common Pleas in 1697. + + Sec. Bishop Trelawney, it appears, suspended Dr. Arthur Bury from the + rectorship of Exeter College for some heterodox notions in his work, + _The Naked Gospel_. The affair was carried by appeal from the King's + Bench to the House of Lords, when Bishop Stillingfleet delivered a + speech on the "Case of Visitation of Colleges," printed in his + _Ecclesiastical Cases_, part ii. p. 411. Wood states that Dr. Bury was + soon after restored. For an account of this controversy, and the works + relating to it, see Gough's _British Topography_, vol. ii. p. 147., and + Wood's _Athenae_ (Bliss), vol. iv. p. 483. + + Any farther communications on the above Queries shall be forwarded to + the correspondent.] + +_Prester John._--I should be glad, through the medium of "N. & Q.," to be +favoured with some information relative to this mysterious personage. + +STRATH CLYDE. + + [The history of Prester John, or of the individuals bearing that + appellation, appears involved in considerable confusion and obscurity. + Most of our Encyclopaedias contain notices of this mysterious personage, + especially Rees's, and Collier's _Great Historical Dictionary_. "The + fame of _Prester_ or _Presbyter_ John," says Gibbon, "a khan, whose + power was vainly magnified by the Nestorian missionaries, and who is + said to have received at their hands the rite of baptism, and even of + ordination, has long amused the credulity of Europe. In its long + progress to Mosul, Jerusalem, Rome, &c., the story of Prester John + evaporated into a monstrous fable, of which some features have been + borrowed from the Lama of Thibet (_Hist. Geneaologique des Tartares_, + part ii. p. 42.; _Hist. de Gengiscan_, p. 31. &c.), and were ignorantly + transferred by the Portuguese to the emperor of Abyssinia (Ludolph. + _Hist. AEthop. Comment._ l. ii. c. 1.). Yet is is probable that, in the + twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Nestorian Christianity was professed + in the horde of the Keraites."] + +_Homer's Iliad in a Nut._--On the tomb of those celebrated gardeners, +Tradescant father and son, these lines occur in the course of the +inscription: + + "Whilst they (as Homer's Iliad in a nut), + A World of Wonders in one closet shut." + +Will you explain the comparison implied in the words "as Homer's Iliad in a +nut?" + +DAVID. + + [It refers to the account given by Pliny, vii. 21., that the _Iliad_ + was copied in so small a hand, that the whole work could lie in a + walnut-shell: "In nuce inclusam Iliada Homeri carmen, in membrana + scriptum tradidit Cicero." Pliny's authority is Cicero _apvd Gellium_, + ix. 421. See M. Huet's account of a similar experiment in _Gentleman's + Magazine_, vol. xxxix. p. 347.] + +_Monogram of Parker Society._--What is the meaning of the monogram adopted +by the Parker Society on all their publications? + +TYRO. + + [The monogram is "MATTHEW PARKER," Archbishop of Canterbury in the + reign of Queen Elizabeth.] + +_The Five Alls._--Can any of your readers give me an interpretation of a +sign on an inn in Oxford, which bears this inscription? + + "THE FIVE ALLS." + +I can make nothing of it. + +CURIOSUS. + +Oxford. + + [Captain Grose shall interpret this Query. He says, "The Five Alls is a + country sign, representing five human figures, each having a motto. The + first is a king in his regalia, 'I govern all.' The second, a {503} + bishop in pontificals, 'I pray for all.' Third, a lawyer in his gown, + 'I plead for all.' Fourth, a soldier in his regimentals, 'I fight for + all.' Fifth, a poor countryman with his scythe and rake, 'I _pay_ for + all!'"] + +_Corvizer._--In a deed of the middle of the last century, I find this +addition to the name of a person residing at Conway. The word is similarly +employed in a list of interments of some "common people," contained in +Browne Willis's account of Bangor Cathedral. What does it mean, and whence +is it derived? + +H. B. + +Bangor. + + [An obsolete word for a cordwainer or shoemaker. See Ash's + _Dictionary._] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +ENGLISH COMEDIANS IN GERMANY. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 184. 459.; Vol. iii., p. 21.; Vol. vii., pp. 114. 360.) + +In 1605 the English comedians first appeared in Prussia. In October they +performed before the Duchess Maria Eleonora at Koningsberg, for which they +were well paid; they then proceeded to Elbing, whence they were dismissed +with twenty thalers, since they produced scandalous things ("weil sie +schandbare Dinge fuergebracht"). In 1607, they were again sent away, after +they had performed the preceding year at Rostock. Some time after, the +Elector of Brandenburg, Joh. Sigismund, employed a certain noble, Hans von +Stockfisch, to obtain a theatrical company from England and the +Netherlands. A troop of nineteen comedians, under the direction of John +Spencer, came with sixteen musicians to add lustre to the electoral feasts. +In 1611, they received 720 marks, as well as many hundred ells of various +stuffs for costumes and decorations; of which great quantities were used in +1612. Many a time was it necessary to ransom them at great cost from inns +and lodging-houses; so that the prince, in 1613, resolved to rid himself of +these dear guests, and gave them a recommendation to the Elector of Saxony. +In 1616 we find them in Dantzic, where they gave eight representations; and +two years later, the Electress of Brandenburg, through Hans von Stockfisch, +procured eighteen comedians, who performed at Elbing, Koningsberg, and +other places, and were paid for their trouble ("fuer ihre gehabte Muehe eins +fuer alles") 200 Polish guilders. + +In 1639, English comedians are again found in Koningsberg; and, for the +last time, in 1650, at Vienna, where William Roe, John Waide, Gideon, +Gellius, and Robert Casse, obtained a license from Ferdinand I. + +In 1620 appeared a volume of _Englische Comedien und Tragedien, &c._ (2nd +edit., 1624), which was followed by a second; and in 1670 by a third: in +which last, however, the English element is not so prominent. + +These statements of Dr. Hagen are confirmed by numerous quotations from +original documents, published by him in the _Neue Preuss. Provincial +Blaetter_, Koningsb., 1850, vol. x.; vid. et _Gesch. der Deuts. +Schauspielk._, by E. Devrient, Leipzic, 1848. Professor Hagen maintains, +that in the beginning of the seventeenth century, the English comedies were +performed in Dutch; and that, in Germany, the same persons were called +indifferently English or Dutch comedians. They were Englishmen who had +found shelter under the English trading companies in the Netherlands ("Es +waren Englaender die in den englischen Handelscompagnien in den Niederlanden +ein Unterkommen gefunden.")--From the _Navorscher_. + +J. M. + + * * * * * + + +A GENTLEMAN EXECUTED FOR WHIPPING A SLAVE TO DEATH. + +(Vol. vii., p. 107.) + +The occurrence noticed by W. W. is, I believe, the only instance on record +in the West Indies of the _actual_ execution of a gentleman for the murder, +by whipping or otherwise, of a slave. Nor is this strange. In the days of +slavery every owner of slaves was regarded in the light of a gentleman, and +his "right to do what he liked with his own" was seldom called in question +by judges or juries, who were themselves among the principal shareholders. +The case of Hodge was, however, of an aggravated character. For the trivial +offence of stealing a mango, he had caused one of his slaves to be whipped +to death; and this was, perhaps, the least shocking of the repeated acts of +cruelty which he was known to have committed upon the slaves of his estate. + +During slavery each colony had its Hodge, and some had more than one. The +most conspicuous character of this kind in St. Lucia was _Jacques O'Neill +de Tyrone_, a gentleman who belonged to an Irish family, originally settled +in Martinique, and who boasted of his descent from one of the ancient kings +of Ireland. This man had long been notorious for his cruelty to his slaves. +At last, on the surrender of the colony to the British in 1803, the +attention of the authorities was awakened; a charge of murder was brought +against him, and he was sentenced to death. From this sentence he appealed +to a higher court; but such was the state of public feeling at the bare +idea of putting a white man to death for any offence against a slave, that +for a long time the members of the court could not be induced to meet; and +when they did meet, it was only to reverse the sentence of the court below. +I have now before me the proceedings of both courts. {504} The sentence of +the inferior court, presided over by an European judge, is based upon the +clearest evidence of O'Neill's having caused two of his slaves to be +murdered in his presence, and their heads cut off and stuck upon poles as a +warning to the others. The sentence of the Court of Appeal, presided over +by a brother planter, and entirely composed of planters, reverses the +sentence, without assigning any reason for its decision, beyond the mere +allegations of the accused party. Such was criminal justice in the days of +slavery! + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + + * * * * * + + +LONGEVITY. + +(Vol. vii., p. 358., &c.) + +On looking over some volumes of the _Annual Register_, from its +commencement in 1758, I find instances of longevity very common, if we can +credit its reports. In vol. iv., for the year 1761, amongst the deaths, of +which there are many between 100 and 110, the following occur: + + January. "At Philadelphia, Mr. Charles Cottrell, aged 120 years; and + three days after, his wife, aged 115. This couple lived together in the + marriage state 98 years in great union and harmony." + + April. "Mrs. Gillam, of Aldersgate Street, aged 113." + + July. "John Newell, Esq., at Michael(s)town, Ireland, aged 127, + grandson to old Parr, who died at the age of 152." + + August. "James Carlewhite, of Seatown, in Scotland, aged 111. + + "John Lyon, of Bandon, in the county of Cork, Ireland, aged 116." + +In September there are three aged 106; one 107; one 111; one 112; and one +114 registered. I will take three from the year 1768, viz.: + + January. "Died lately in the Isle of Sky, in Scotland, Mr. Donald + M^cGregor, a farmer there, in the 117th year of his age. + + "Last week, died at Burythorpe, near Malton in Yorkshire, Francis + Confit, aged 150 years: he was maintained by the parish above sixty + years, and retained his senses to the very last." + + April. "Near Ennis, Joan M^cDonough, aged 138 years." + +Should sufficient interest attach to this subject, and any of the +correspondents of "N. & Q." wish it, I will be very happy to contribute my +mite, and make out a list of all the deaths above 120 years, or even 110, +from the commencement of the _Annual Register_, but am afraid it will be +found rather long. + +J. S. A. + +Old Broad Street. + +A few years ago there lived in New Ross, in the county of Wexford, two old +men. The one, a slater named Furlong, a person of very intemperate habits, +died an inmate of the poorhouse in his 101st year: he was able to take long +walks up to a very short period before his death; and I have heard that he, +his son, and grandson, have been all together on a roof slating at the same +time. The other man was a nurseryman named Hayden, who died in his 108th +year: his memory was very good as to events that happened in his youth, and +his limbs, though shrunk up considerably, served him well. He was also in +the frequent habit of taking long walks not long before his death. + +J. W. D. + + * * * * * + + +DERIVATION OF CANADA. + +(Vol. vii., p. 380.) + +The derivation given in the "cutting from an old newspaper," contributed by +MR. BREEN, seems little better than that of Dr. Douglas, who derives the +name from a _M. Cane_, to whom he attributes the honour of being the +discoverer of the St. Lawrence. + +In the first place, the "cutting" is not correct, in so far as Gaspar +Cortereal never ascended the river, having merely entered the gulf, to +which the name of St. Lawrence was afterwards given by Jacques Carter. +Neither was the main object of the expedition the discovery of a passage +into the Indian Sea, but the discovery of gold; and it was the +disappointment of the adventurers in not finding the precious metal which +is supposed to have caused them to exclaim "Aca nada!" (Nothing here). + +The author of the _Conquest of Canada_, in the first chapter of that +valuable work, says that "an ancient Castilian tradition existed, that the +Spaniards visited these coasts before the French,"--to which tradition +probably this supposititious derivation owes its origin. + +Hennepin, who likewise assigns to the Spaniards priority of discovery, +asserts that they called the land _El Capo di Nada_ (Cape Nothing) for the +same reason. + +But the derivation given by Charlevoix, in his _Nouvelle France_, should +set all doubt upon the point at rest; _Cannada_ signifying, in the Iroquois +language, a number of huts (_un amas de cabanes_), or a village. The name +came to be applied to the whole country in this manner:--The natives being +asked what they called the first settlement at which Cartier and his +companions arrived, answered, "Cannada;" not meaning the particular +appellation of the place, which was Stadacona (the modern Quebec), but +simply a village. In like manner, they applied the same word to Hochelaga +(Montreal) and to other places; whence the Europeans, hearing every +locality designated by the same term, _Cannada_, very naturally applied it +to the entire valley of the St. Lawrence. It may not here be out of place +to notice, that with respect to the derivation of _Quebec_, the weight of +evidence {505} would likewise seem to be favourable to an aboriginal +source, as Champlain speaks of "la pointe de Quebec, ainsi appellee des +sauvages;" not satisfied with which, some writers assert that the far-famed +city was named after Candebec, a town on the Seine; while others say that +the Norman navigators, on perceiving the lofty headland, exclaimed "Quel +bec!" of which they believe the present name to be a corruption. Dissenting +from all other authorities upon the subject, Mr. Hawkins, the editor of a +local guide-book called _The Picture of Quebec_, traces the name to an +European source, which he considers to be conclusive, owing to the +existence of a seal bearing date 7 Henry V. (1420), and on which the Earl +of Suffolk is styled "Domine de Hamburg et de Quebec." + +ROBERT WRIGHT. + + * * * * * + + +SETANTIORUM PORTUS. + +(Vol. vii., pp. 180. 246.) + +Although the positions assigned by Camden to the ancient names of the +various estuaries on the coasts of Lancashire and Cumberland are very much +at variance with those laid down by more modern geographers; still, with +regard to the particular locality assigned by him to the _Setantiorum +Portus_, he has made a suggestion which seems worthy the attention of your +able correspondent C. + +His position for _Morecambe Bay_ is a small inlet to the south of the +entrance of _Solway Firth_, into which the rivers _Waver_ and _Wampool_ +empty themselves, and on which stands "the abbey of _Ulme_, or _Holme +Cultraine_." He derives the name from the British, as signifying a "crooked +sea," which doubtless is correct; we have _Mor taweh_, the main sea; +_Morudd_, the Red Sea; and _Mor camm_ may be supposed to indicate a bay +much indented with inlets. It is needless to say that the present +_Morecambe Bay_ answers this description far more accurately than that in +the Solway Firth. _Belisama AEstuarium_ he assigns to the mouth of the +Ribble, and is obliged to allot _Setantiorum Portus_ to the remaining +estuary, now called Morecambe Bay. However, he seems not quite satisfied +with this last arrangement, and suggests that it would be more appropriate +if we might read, as is found in some copies, _Setantiorum_ [Greek: limne], +instead of [Greek: limen], thus assigning the name of Setantii to the +inhabitants of the _lake district_. + +The old editions of Ptolemy, both Greek and Latin, are very incorrect, and, +there is little doubt, have suffered from alterations and interpolations at +the hands of ignorant persons. I have not access at present to any edition +of his geography, either of Erasmus, Servetus, or Bertius, so I know not +whether any weight should be allowed to the following circumstance; in the +_Britannia Romana_, in Gibson's _Camden_, this is almost the only _Portus_ +to be found round the coast of England. The terms there used are (with one +more exception) invariably _aestuarium_, or _fluvii ostium_. If this +variation in the old reading be accepted, the appellation as given by +Montanus, Bertius, and others, to _Winandermere_, becomes more +intelligible. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Stereoscopic Queries._--Can any of your readers inform me what are the +proper angles under which stereoscopic pictures should be taken? + +Mr. Beard, I am informed, takes his stereoscopic portraits at about 61/2 deg., or +1 in 9; that is to say, his cameras are placed 1 inch apart for every 9 +inches the sitter is removed from them. The distance of the sitter with him +is generally, I believe, 8 feet, which would give 10-2/3 inches for the +extent of the separation between his cameras. More than this has the +effect, he says, of making the pictures appear to stand out unnaturally; +that is to say, if the cameras were to be placed 12 inches apart (which +would be equal to 1 in 8), the pictures would seem to be in greater relief +than the objects. + +I find that the pictures on a French stereoscopic slide I have by me have +been taken at an angle of 10 deg., or 1 in 6. This was evidently photographed +at a considerable distance, the triumphal arch in the Place de Carousel (of +which it is a representation) being reduced to about 11/4 inch in height. How +comes it then that the angle is here increased to 10 deg. from 61/2 deg., or to 1 in +6 from 1 in 9. + +Moreover, the only work I have been able to obtain on the mode of taking +stereoscopic pictures, lays it down that all portraits, or near objects, +should be taken under an angle of 15 deg., or, as it says, 1 in 5; that is, if +the camera is 20 feet from the sitter, the distance between its first and +second position (supposing only one to be used) should not exceed 4 feet: +otherwise, adds the author, "the stereosity will appear unnaturally great." + +When two cameras are employed, the instructions proceed to state that the +distance between them would be about 1/10th of the distance from the part +of the object focussed. The example given is a group of portraits, and the +angle, 1 in 10, is afterwards spoken of as being equivalent to an arc of +10 deg. + +Farther on, we are told that "the angle should be lessened as the distance +between the nearest and farthest objects increase. Example: if the farthest +object be twice as far from the camera as the near object, the angle should +be 5 deg. to a central point between these two. + +Now, I find by calculation that the measurements and the angle here +mentioned by no means {506} agree. For instance, an angle of 15 deg. is spoken +of as being equivalent to the measurement 1 in 5. An angle of 10 deg. is said, +or implied, to be the same as 1 in 10. This is far from being the fact. +According to my calculations, the following are the real equivalents:-- + + An angle of 15 deg. is equal to 1 in 4. + " 12 deg. " 1 in 5. + " 10 deg. " 1 in 6. + " 6-1/2 deg. " 1 in 9. + " 6 deg. " 1 in 10. + " 5 deg. " 1 in 12. + " 4 deg. " 1 in 15. + +Will any of your readers oblige me by solving the above anomalies, and by +giving the proper angles or measurement under which objects should be taken +when near, moderately distant, or far removed from the camera; stating, at +the same time, at how many feet from the camera an object is to be +considered as near, or distant, or between the two? It would be a great +assistance to beginners in the stereoscopic art, if some experienced +gentleman would state the best distances and angles for taking busts, +portraits, groups, buildings, and landscapes. + +It is said that stereoscopic pictures at great distances, such as views, +should be taken "with a small aperture." But as the exact dimensions are +not mentioned, it would be equally serviceable if, to the other details, +were added some account of the dimensions of the apertures required for the +several angles. + +In the directions given in the work from which I have quoted, it is said +that when pictures are taken with one camera placed in different positions, +the angle should be 15 deg.; but when taken with two cameras, the angle should +be 10 deg. Is this right? And, if so, why the difference? + +In the account given by you of Mr. Wilkinson's ingenious mode of levelling +the cameras for stereoscopic pictures, it is said the plumb-line should be +three feet long, and that the diagonal lines drawn on the ground glass +should be made to cut the principal object focussed on the glass; and "when +you have moved it, the camera, 8 _or_ 10 feet, make it cut the same object +again." At what distance is the object presumed to be? + +Any information upon the above matters will be a great service, and +consequently no slight favour conferred upon your constant reader since the +photographic correspondence has been commenced. + +[phi]. + +_Photographic Portraits of Criminals, &c._--Such experience as I have had +both in drawing portraits and taking photographs, impels me to hint to the +authorities of Scotland Yard that they will by no means find taking the +portraits of gentlemen that are "wanted" infallible, and I anticipate some +unpleasant mistakes will ere long arise. I have observed that inability to +recognize a portrait is as frequent in the case of photographs as on +canvass, or in any other way. I defy the whole world of artists to reduce +the why and wherefore into a reasonable shape; one will declare that +"either" looks as if the individual was going to cry; the next critic will +say he sees nothing but a pleasant smile. "I should never have known who it +is if you hadn't told me," says a third; the next says "it's his eyes, but +not his nose;" and perhaps the next will say, "it's his nose, but not his +eyes." + +I was present not long since at the showing a portrait, which I think about +the climax of doubt. "Not a bit like," was the first exclamation. The poor +artist sank into his chair; after, however, a brief contemplation, "It's +very like, _in-deed_; it's excellent:" this was said by a gentleman of the +highest attainments, and one of the best poets of the day. + +Some persons (I beg pardon of the ladies) take the habiliments as the +standard of recognition. I do not accuse them of doing it wilfully; they do +not know it themselves. For example, Miss Smith will know Miss Jones a mile +or so off. By her general air, or her face? Oh no! It's by the bonnet she +helped her to choose at Madame What-d'ye-call's, because the colour suited +he complexion. + +These are some of the mortifications attendant on artistic labour, and if +they occur with the educated classes, they are more likely to happen even +to "intelligent policemen," as the newspaper have it. If I dissent from the +plan it is because I doubt its efficiency, but do not deny that it is worth +a trial. If the French like to carry their portraits about with them on +their passports to show to policemen, let them submit to the humiliation. I +doubt very much whether the Chamber of Deputies would have made a law of +it: it appears a new idea in jurisprudence that a man _must_ sit for his +picture. Any one, however, understanding the camera, would be alive before +the removal of the cup of the lens, and be ready with a wry face; I do not +suppose he could be imprisoned for _that_. + +Both plans are miserable travesties on the lovely uses of portrait painting +and photography. Side by side with Cowper's passionate address to his +mother's picture, how does it look? + + "Oh, that those lips had language! Life has pass'd + With me but roughly since I saw thee last." + +And, + + "Blest be the art that can immortalise." + +If photography has an advantage over canvas, it does indeed immortalise +(the painting may imitate, and the portrait may be good; but there is +something more profoundly affecting in having the actual, the real shade of +a friend perhaps long {507} since in his grave); and we ought not only to +be grateful to the illustrious inventors of the art, but prevent these base +uses being made of it. + +In short, apart from the uncertainty of recognition, which I have not in +the least caricatured, if Giles Scroggins, housebreaker and coiner, and all +the swell mob, are to be photographed, it will bring the art into disgrace, +and people's friends will inquire delicately where it was done, when they +show their lively effigies. It may also mislead by a sharp rogue's +adroitness; and I question very much its legality. + +WELD TAYLOR. + +_Photography applied to Catalogues of Books._--May not photography be +usefully applied to the making of catalogues of large libraries? It would +seem no difficult matter to obtain any number of photographs, of any +required size, of the title-page of any book. Suppose the plan adopted, +that five photographs of each were taken; they may be arranged in five +catalogues, as follows:--Era, subject, country, author, title. These being +arranged alphabetically, would form five catalogues of a library probably +sufficient to meet the wants of all. Any number of additional divisions may +be added. By adopting a fixed breadth--say three inches--for the +photographs, to be pasted in double columns in folio, interchanges may take +place of those unerring slips, and thus librarians aid each other. I throw +out this crude idea, in the hope that photographers and librarians may +combine to carry it out. + +ALBERT BLOR, LL.D. + +Dublin. + +_Application of Photography to the Microscope._--May I request the +re-insertion of the photographic Query of R. J. F. in Vol. vi., p. 612., as +I cannot find that it has received an answer, viz., What extra apparatus is +required to a first-rate microscope in order to obtain photographic +microscopic pictures? + +J. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Discovery at Nuneham Regis_ (Vol. vi., p. 558.).--May the decapitated +body, found in juxta-position with other members of the Chichester family, +not be that of Sir John Chichester the Younger, mentioned in Burke's +_Peerage and Baronetage_, under the head "Chichester, Sir Arthur, of +Raleigh, co. Devon," as being that fourth son of Sir John Chichester, Knt., +M.P. for the co. Devon, who was Governor of Carrickfergus, and lost his +life "by decapitation," after falling into the hands of James Macsorley +Macdonnel, Earl of Antrim? + +The removal of the body from Ireland to the resting-place of other members +of the family would not be a very improbable event, and quite consistent +with the natural affection of relatives, under such mournful circumstances. + +J. H. T. + +_Eulenspiegel, or Howleglas_ (Vol. vii., pp. 357. 416.).--Permit me to +acquaint your correspondent that among the many singular and curious books +which formed the library of that talented antiquary the late Charles +Kirkpatrick Sharp, and which were sold here by auction some time ago, there +was a small 12mo. volume containing _French translations_, with rude +woodcuts, of-- + + 1. "La Vie joyeuse et recreative de Tiel-Ullespiegle, de ses Faits + merveilleux et Fortunes qu'il a eues; lequel par aucune Ruse ne se + laissa pas tromper. A Troyes, chez Garner, 1838." + + 2. "Histoire de Richard Sans Peur, Duc de Normandie, Fils de Robert le + Diable, &c. A Troyes, chez Oudot, 1745." + +T. G. S. + +Edinburgh. + +_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432.; Vol. vii., pp. 193. 369. 438.).-- + + "In the year 1635, upon the request of the Rev. Anthony Tuckney, Vicar + of Boston, it was ordained by the Archbishop of Canterbury (Laud), then + on his metropolitical visitation at Boston, 'that the roome over the + porch of the saide churche shall be repaired and decently fitted up to + make a librarye, to the end that, in case any well and charitably + disposed person shall hereafter bestow any books to the use of the + parish, they may be there safely preserved and kept.'" + +This library at present contains several hundred volumes of ancient +(patristic, scholastic, and post-Reformation) divinity. + +I hope to be able ere long to make a correct catalogue of the books at +present remaining, and at the same time make an attempt to restore them to +that decent "keeping" in which the great and good archbishop desired they +might remain. + +Query: In making preparations for the catalogue, I have been informed by a +gentleman that he remembers two or more _cart loads_ of books from this +library being sold by the churchwardens, and, as he believes, by the then +archdeacon's orders, at waste paper price; that the bulk of them was +purchased by a bookseller then resident in Boston, and re-sold by him to a +clergyman in the neighbourhood of Silsby. + +1. What was the date of the sale? + +2. The name of the _Venerable_ Archdeacon who perpetrated this robbery? + +3. Whether there are any legal means for recovering the missing works? + +My extracts are from Thompson's _History of Boston_, a correspondent of +yours, a new edition of whose laborious work is about to appear. + +THOMAS COLLIS. + +Boston. + +_Painter--Derrick_ (Vol. vii., pp. 178. 391.).--I cannot agree with +J. S. C. that _painter_ is a corruption of _punter_, from the Saxon _punt_, +a boat. {508} According to the construction and analogy of our language, a +_punter_ or _boater_ would be the person who worked or managed the boat. I +consider that _painter_--like _halter_ and _tether_, derived from Gothic +words signifying to _hold_ and to _tie_--is a corruption of _bynder_, from +the Saxon _bynd_, to bind. If the Anglo-Norman word _panter_, a snare for +catching and holding birds, be a corruption of _bynder_, we are brought to +the word at once. Or, indeed, we may go no farther back than _panter_. + +J. C. G. says that _derrick_ is an ancient British word: perhaps he will be +kind enough to let us know its signification. I always understood that a +_derrick_ took its name from _Derrick_, the notorious executioner at +Tyburn, in the early part of the seventeenth century, whose name was long a +general term for hangman. In merchant ships, the _derrick_, for hoisting up +goods, is always placed at the hatchway, close by the _gallows_. The +_derrick_, however, is not a nautical appliance alone; it has been long +used to raise stones at buildings; but the crane, and that excellent +invention the handy-paddy, has now almost put it out of employment. What +will philologists, two or three centuries hence, make out of the word +_handy-paddy_, which is universally used by workmen to designate the +powerful winch, traversing on temporary rails, employed to raise heavy +weights at large buildings. For the benefit of posterity, I may say that it +is very _handy_ for the masons, and almost invariably worked by Irishmen. + +As a collateral evidence to my opinion, that _painter_ is derived from the +Saxon _bynder_, through the Anglo-Norman _panter_, and that _derrick_ is +from _Derrick_ the hangman, I may add that these words are unknown in the +nautical technology of any other language. + +W. PINKERTON. + +Ham. + +_Pepys's "Morena"_ (Vol. vii., p. 118.).--MR. WARDEN may like to be +informed that his conjecture about the meaning of this word is fully +confirmed by the following passage in the _Diary_, 6th October, 1661, which +has hitherto unaccountably escaped observation: + + "There was also my _pretty black girl_, Mrs. Dekins and Mrs. Margaret + Pen this day come to church." + +BRAYBROOKE. + +_Pylades and Corinna_ (Vol. vii., p. 305.).--If your correspondent's +question have reference to the two volumes in octavo published under this +title in 1731, assuredly Defoe had nothing to do with them, as must be +evident to any one on the most cursory glance. The volumes contain memoirs +of Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas, on whom Dryden conferred the poetical title of +Corinna, and the letters which passed between her and Richard Gwinnett, her +intended husband. A biography of this lady, neither whose life nor poetry +were of the best, may be found in Chalmers's _Biog. Dict._, vol. xxix. p. +281., and a farther one in Cibber's _Lives_, vol. iv. The _Dunciad_, and +her part in the publication of Pope's early correspondence, have given her +an unhappy notoriety. I must say, however, that, notwithstanding his +provocation, I cannot but think that he treated this poor woman +ungenerously. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + +_Judge Smith_ (Vol. vii., p. 463.).--I must confess my ignorance of any +Judge Smith flourishing in the reign of Elizabeth. I know of only three +judges of that name. + +1. John Smith, a Baron of the Exchequer during the last seven years of the +reign of Henry VIII. From him descended the Lords Carrington of Wotton +Waven, in Warwickshire, a title which became extinct in 1705. + +2. John Smith, who was also a Baron of the Exchequer in the reign of Anne. +He became Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Scotland in 1708, and died in +1726. He endowed a hospital for poor widows at Frolesworth in +Leicestershire. + +3. Sidney Stafford Smythe, likewise a Baron of the Exchequer under George +II. and III., and Chief Baron in the latter reign. He was of the same +family as that of the present Viscount Strangford. + +If Z. E. R. would be good enough to send a copy of the inscription on the +monument in Chesterfield Church, and give some particulars of the family +seated at Winston Hall, the difficulty will probably be removed. + +EDWARD FOSS. + +_Grindle_ (Vol. vii., pp. 107. 307. 384.).--As one at least of the readers +of "N. & Q." living near _Grindle_ (Greendale is modern), allow me to say +that from the little I know of the places, they appear to me "to possess no +traces of those natural features which would justify the demoniacal +derivation proposed by I. E." However, as my judgment may be of little +worth, if "I. E. of Oxford" should ever migrate into these parts, and will +favour me with a call, with credentials of being the veritable I. E. of "N. +& Q.," I shall have much pleasure in assisting him to examine for himself +all the local knowledge which a short walk to the spots may enable him to +acquire. + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + +Rectory, Clyst St. George. + +_Simile of the Soul and the Magnetic Needle_ (Vol. vi., pp. 127. 207. 280. +368. 566.).--Dr. Arnold, with more religion than science, thus employs this +simile: + + "Men get embarrassed by the common cases of misguided conscience; but a + compass may be out of order as well as a conscience, and the needle may + point due south if you hold a powerful magnet in that direction. Still + the compass, generally speaking, is a true and sure guide, and so is + the conscience; and you {509} can trace the deranging influence on the + latter quite as surely as on the former."--_Life and Correspondence_, + 2nd ed. p. 390. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_English Bishops deprived by Queen Elizabeth, 1559_ (Vol. vii., p. +260.).--I have endeavoured to procure some information for A. S. A. on +those points which MR. DREDGE left unnoticed, but find that, after his +diligent search, very little indeed is to be gleaned. _Bishop Payne_ died +in January, 1559/60 (Strype's _Annals_, anno 1559). Dod, in vol. i. p. 507. +of his _Church History_, mentions a letter of _Bishop Goldwell's_, or, as +he calls him, _Godwell's_, to Dr. Allen, dated anno 1581: + + "This letter," he says, "seems to be written not long before Bishop + Godwell's death, for I meet with no farther mention of him. Here the + reader may take notice of a mistake in Dr. Heylin, who tells us he died + prisoner in Wisbich Castle, which is to be understood of Bishop + Watson." + +Of _Bishop Pate_ he says: + + "He was alive in 1562, but how long after I do not find."--Vol. i. p. + 488. + +_Bishop Pole_, according to the same authority, died a prisoner at large +about the latter end of May, 1568. _Bishop Frampton_ died May 25, 1708 +(Calamy's _Own Times_, vol. ii. p. 119.). I cannot ascertain the day of +_Bishop White's_ death, but he was buried, according to Evelyn (vol. iii. +p. 364.), June 5, 1698. + +TYRO. + +Dublin. + +_Borrowed Thoughts_ (Vol. vii., p. 203.).--The thought which ERICA shows +has been used by Butler and Macaulay is a grain from an often-pillaged +granary; a tag of yarn from a piece of cloth used ever since its make for +darning and patching; a drop of honey from a hive round which robber-bees +and predatory wasps have never ceased to wander,--the _Anatomy of +Melancholy_: + + "Though there were giants of old in physic and philosophy, yet I say + with Didacus Stella[2], 'a dwarf standing on the shoulders of a giant + may see farther than a giant himself.' I may likely add, alter, and see + farther than my predecessors; and it is no greater prejudice for me to + indite after others, than for AElianus Montaltus, that famous physician, + to write _De Morbis Capitis_, after Jason Pratensis," &c. + +The pagination (that of Tegg's edition, 1849) will not guide those who with +Elia sicken at the profanity of "unearthing the bones of that fantastic old +great man," and know not a "sight more heartless" than the reprint of his +_Opus_. + +SIGMA. + +Sunderland. + +[Footnote 2: In _Luc._ 10. tom. ii.: "Pigmi gigantum humeris impositi +plusquam ipsi gigantes vident."--_Preface_, p. 8.] + +_Dr. South_ v. _Goldsmith, Talleyrand, &c._ (Vol. vi., p. 575. Vol. vii., +p. 311.).--One authority has been overlooked by MR. BREEN, which seems as +likely as any to have given currency to the saying, viz. Dean Swift. In +_Gulliver's Travels_ (1727), Voyage to the Houyhnhnms, the hero gives the +king some information respecting British ministers of state, which I +apprehend in Swift's day was no exaggeration. The minister, Gulliver says, +"applies his words to all uses except to the indication of his mind." It +must be confessed, however, that this authority is some seven years after +Dr. South. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_Foucault's Experiment_ (Vol. vii., p. 330.).--The reality of the rotation, +and the cause assigned to it by Foucault in his experiment, is now admitted +without question by scientific men. But in measuring the amount of the +motion of the pendulum, so many disturbing causes were found to be at work, +that the numerical results have not been obtained as yet with exactness. +The best account is, perhaps, the original one in the _Comptes Rendus_. Mr. +Foucault has lately invented an instrument founded on a similar principle, +to find the latitude of a place. + +ELSNO. + +_Passage in "Locksley Hall"_ (Vol. vi., p. 272.; Vol. vii., pp. 25. +146.).--Of these three commentators neither appears to me to have hit +Tennyson's meaning, though CORYLUS has made the nearest shot. I ought to +set out by confessing that it was not originally clear to myself, but that +I could not for a monument doubt, when the following explanation was +suggested to me by a friend. The "curlews" themselves are the "dreary +gleams:" the words are what the Latin Grammar calls "duo substantiva +ejusdem rei." I take the meaning, in plain prose to be this: "The curlews +are uttering their peculiar cry, as they fly over Locksley Hall, looking +like (to me, the spectator) dreary gleams crossing the moorland." + +I could supply A. A. D. with several examples _in English_, from my +commonplace-book, of the "bold figure of speech not uncommon in the vivid +language of Greece;" and among the rest, one from Tennyson himself, to wit: + + "Now, scarce three paces measured from the mound, + We stumbled on a stationary _voice_," &c. + +But I doubt whether the poet had those passages in his thought, when he +penned the opening of his noble poem "Locksley Hall." Of course I do not +_know_, any more than A. A. D., and the rest; and I suppose we shall none +of us get any enlightenment "by authority." + +HARRY LEROY TEMPLE. + +_Lake of Geneva_ (Vol. vii. p. 406.).--The account given in the _Chronicle +of Marius_ of what is called "an earthquake or landslip in the valley of +the {510} Upper Rhone," is evidently that of a sudden _debacle_ destructive +of life and property, but not such as to effect any permanent change in the +configuration of the country. That an antiquary like Montfaucon should have +fallen into the blunder of supposing that the Lacus Lemanus was then +formed, may well excite surprise. The breadth of the new-formed lake, as +given by Marius, is impossible, as the mountains in the valley are scarcely +anywhere more than a mile apart. The valley of the Upper Rhone is liable to +such _debacles_, and one which would fill it might be called a lake, +although of short duration. Having witnessed the effects of the _debacle_ +of 1818 a few weeks after it happened, I can easily understand how such a +one as that described by Marius should have produced the effects attributed +to it, and yet have left no traces of its action after the lapse of +centuries. + +J. S. + +Athenaeum. + +_"Inter cuncta micans," &c._ (Vol. vi., p. 413.).--In a small work, _Lives +of Eminent Saxons_, part i. p. 104., the above lines are ascribed to +Aldhelm, and a translation by Mr. Boyd is subjoined. + +To Aldhelm also are attributed the lines so often alluded to in "N. & Q.," +"Roma tibi subito," &c. + +B. H. C. + +_"Its"_ (Vol. vi., p. 509.; Vol. vii., p. 160.).--As the proposer of the +question on this word, so kindly replied to by MR. KEIGHTLEY, may I give +two instances of its use from the Old Version of the Psalms? + + "Which in due season bringeth forth _its_ fruit abundantly."--Ps. i. 3. + + "Thou didst prepare first a place, and set _its_ roots so fast."--Ps. + lxxx. 10. + +The American _Bibliotheca Sacra_ for October 1851, p. 735., says (speaking +of the time when the authorised version of the Scriptures was executed), +"the genitive _its_ was not then in use;" which is disproved by the +quotations already given. + +B. H. C. + +_Gloves at Fairs_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--The custom of "hanging out the +glove at fair time," as described by E. G. R., is, in all probability, of +Chester origin. The annals of that city show that its two great annual +fairs were established, or rather confirmed, by a charter of Hugh Lupus, +the first Norman Earl of Chester, who granted to the abbot and convent of +St. Werburgh (now the cathedral) "the extraordinary privilege, that no +criminals resorting to their fairs at Chester should be arrested for any +crime whatever, except such as they might have committed during their stay +in the city." For several centuries, Chester was famous for the manufacture +of gloves; and in token thereof, it was the custom for some days before, +and during the continuance of the fair, to hang out from the town-hall, +then situate at the High Cross, their local emblem of commerce--a _glove_: +thereby proclaiming that non-freemen and strangers were permitted to trade +within the city, a privilege at all other times enjoyed by the citizens +only. During this period of temporary "free trade," debtors were safe from +the tender mercies of their creditors, and free from the visits of the +sheriff's officer and his satellites. On the removal of the town-hall to +another part of the city, the leathern symbol of "unrestricted competition" +was suspended, at the appointed season, from the roof of St. Peter's +Church; until that reckless foe to antiquity, the Reform Bill, aimed a +heavy blow at all our prescriptive rights and privileges, and decreed that +the stranger should be henceforth on a footing with the freeborn citizen. +Notwithstanding this, the authorities of the city still continued to "hang +out their banner on the outward walls;" and it is only within the last ten +years that the time-honoured custom has ceased to exist. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +_Astronomical Query_ (Vol. vii., p.84.).--Your fair correspondent LEONORA +makes a mistake in reference to the position, in regard to the zodiac, of +the newly-discovered planets. It is indeed not at all surprising that these +bodies were not discovered before, for this reason--they _do not move +within the circle of the zodiac_: they lie far beyond it, so much so, that +to include them the zodiac must be expanded to at least five times its +present breadth. Hence they lie out of the path of ordinary observation, +and their discovery is usually the result of keen telescopic examination of +distant parts of the heavens. LEONORA is of course aware, that, with the +exception of Neptune (the discovery of which is a peculiar case), all the +recently discovered planets belong to the cluster of asteroids which move +between Mars and Jupiter. These are all invisible to the eye with the +exception of Vesta, and she is not to be distinguished by any but an +experienced star-gazer, and under most favourable circumstances; their +minuteness, their _extra_-zodiacal position, and the outrageous orbits +which they describe, all conspire to keep them out of human ken until they +are detected by the telescope, and ascertained to be planets either by +their optical appearances, or by a course of watching and comparison of +their positions with catalogues of the fixed stars. + +SHIRLEY HIBBERD. + +_Tortoiseshell Tom Cat_ (Vol. v., p. 465.; Vol. vii., p. 271.).--See Hone's +_Year Book_, p. 728. + +ZEUS. + +_Sizain on the Pope, the Devil, and the Pretender_ (Vol. vii., p. +270.).--This is given as one of the prize epigrams in the _Gentleman's +Magazine_ for 1735, vol. v. p. 157. + +ZEUS. {511} + +_Wandering Jew_ (Vol. vii., p. 261.).--Your correspondent will find an +account of the Wandering Jew prefixed to "Le Juif errant," the 3ieme +livraison of _Chants et Chansons Populaires de la France_. + +THOS. LAWRENCE. + +Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + +The earliest account of this legend is in Roger of Wendover, under the year +1228: _De Joseph, qui ultimum Christi adventum adhuc vivus exspectat_, vol. +iv. p. 176. of the Historical Society's edition, vol. ii. p. 512. of Bohn's +Translation: see also Brand's _Popular Antiquities_, vol iii. p. 360., +Bohn's edition. + +ZEUS. + +_Hallett and Dr. Saxby_ (Vol. vii., p. 41.).--I know nothing of the +parties, but have the book about which S. R. inquires. The title is not +accurately given in the _Literary Journal_. Instead of "An Ode to Virtue," +by Dr. Morris Saxby, it is _An Ode on Virtue by a Young Author, dedicated +to Dr. William Saxby; with a Preface and Notes, Critical and Explanatory, +by a Friend_--"Mens sibi conscia recti"--A good intention. Printed anno +Domini MDCCXCI, pp. 16. + +A more stupid production could not easily be found; but, as it must be +scarce, if the story about the destruction of all but eight copies is true, +I transcribe a part of the dedication: + + "Most August Doctor, + + "The reputation you have acquired by professional merit, with the + respect which is universally shown to you on account of your practical + observance of moral philosophy, has induced me to select you as a + protector of the following work; which being evidently intended to + promote a cause for which you was always a zealous advocate, I have + nourished the most flattering hopes that you will be rather pleased + than offended by this unwarrantable presumption. + + "It is necessary I should deviate from the general rule of celebrating + a patron's virtues in a high strain of panegyric, being sensible how + generally yours are known, and how justly admired."--P. 3. + +The ode contains only ten lines: + + "Virtue, a mere chimera amongst the fair, + Is now quite vanquished into air; + Formerly it was thought a thing of worth, + But now who thinks of such poor stuff. + It's only put on to deceive, + That us poor mortals on them may crave; + Fall down and swear their beauty far + Surpasses what are ever saw! + Then they who think all's true that's said," &c. + +I omit the final line as unseemly. + +Dr. Saxby is mentioned only on the title-page, and that part of the +dedication which I have copied. He must have been a sensitive man to have +felt such an attack, and a prompt one to settle his account with the author +so quickly. As it is obvious that the ode was published solely to annoy +him, we may be allowed to hope that in the "severe personal chastisement" +he was not sparing of whipcord. The absence of place of publication and +printer's name render inquiry difficult; and there is no indication as to +whether Dr. Saxby was of Divinity, Law, or Physic. + +H. B. C. + +U. U. Club. + +_"My mind to me a kingdom is"_ (Vol. i., pp. 302. 489.; Vol. vi., pp. 555. +615.).--The idea is Shakspeare's (Third Part of _Hen. VI._): + + "_Keeper._ Ay, but thou talk'st as if thou wert a king. + _K. Henry._ Why, so I am in mind; and that's enough." + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_Claret_ (Vol. vii., p. 237.).--The word claret seems to me to be the same +as the French word _clairet_, both adjective and substantive; as a +substantive it means a low and cheap sort of _claret_, sold in France, and +drawn from the barrel like beer in England; as an adjective it is a +diminutive of _clair_, and implies that the wine is transparent. + +JOHN LAMMENS. + +Manchester. + +_Suicide at Marseilles_ (Vol. vii., pp. 180. 316.).--The original authority +for the custom at Marseilles, of keeping poison at the public expense for +the accommodation of all who could give the senate satisfactory reasons for +committing suicide, is Valerius Maximus, lib. ii. cap. vi. Sec. 7. + +ZEUS. + +_Etymology of Slang_ (Vol. vii., p. 331.).-- + + "SLANGS are the greaves with which the legs of convicts are fettered, + having acquired that name from the manner in which they were worn, as + they required a sling of string to keep them off the ground.... The + irons were the _slangs_; and the slang-wearer's language was of course + slangous, as partaking much if not wholly of the + _slang_."--_Sportsman's Slang, a New Dictionary and Varieties of Life_, + by John Bee: Preface, p. 5. + +ZEUS. + +_Scanderbeg's Sword_ (Vol. vii., pp. 35. 143.).--The proverb, "Scanderbeg's +sword must have Scanderbeg's arm," is founded on the following story: + + "George Castriot, Prince of Albania, one of the strongest and + valiantest men that lived these two hundred yeares, had a cimeter, + which Mahomet the Turkish Emperor, his mortall enemy, desired to see. + Castriot (surnamed of the Turks, Ischenderbeg, that is, Great + Alexander, because of his valiantnesse), having received a pledge for + the restitution of his cimeter, sent it so far as Constantinople to + Mahomet, in whose court there was not any man found that could with any + ease wield that piece of steele: so that Mahomet sending it back + againe, enioyned the messenger to tell the prince, that in this action + he kind proceeded enemy-like, and with a fraudulent mind, sending a + counterfeit cimeter {512} to make his enemie afraid. Ischenderbeg writ + back to him, that he had simply without fraud or guile sent him his + owne cimeter, with the which he used to helpe himselfe couragiously in + the wars; but that he had not sent him the hand and the arme which with + the cimeter cleft the Turkes in two, struck off their heads, shoulders, + legs, and other parts, yea, sliced them of by the wast; and that verie + shortly he would show him a fresh proofe thereof; which afterwards he + performed."--_Historical Meditations from the Latin of P. Camerarius_, + by John Molle, Esquire, 1621, book iv. Cap. xvi. p. 299. + +The following, relating to the arm and sword of Scanderbeg, may perhaps not +inappropriately be added, although not connected with the proverb: + + "Marinus Barletius (lib. i.) reports of Scanderbeg, Prince of Epirus + (that most terrible enemy of the Turks), that, from his mother's womb, + he brought with him into the world a notable mark of warlike glory: for + he had upon his right arm a sword, so well set on, as if it had been + drawn with the pencil of the most curious and skilful painter in the + world."--Wanley's _Wonders of the Little World_, 1678, book i. cap. + vii. + +ZEUS. + +_Arago on the Weather_ (Vol. vii., p. 40.).--ELSNO will find extracts from +Arago's papers in the _Pictorial Almanack_, 1847, p. 30., and in the _Civil +Engineer and Architects' Journal_, which volume I cannot say, but I think +that for 1847. Also in the _Monthly Chronicle_, vol. i. p. 60., and vol. +ii. p. 209.; the annals of the _Bureau des Longitudes_ for 1834 and the +_Annuaire_ for 1833. + +SHIRLEY HIBBERD. + +_Rathe_ (Vol. vii., p. 392.).--MR. CROSSLEY is, I believe, mistaken in his +derivation of the word _rathe_ from the Celtic _raithe_, signifying +inclination, although _rather_ seems indisputably to belong to it. _Rathe_ +is, I believe, identical with the Saxon adjective _raetha_, signifying +early. Chaucer's-- + + "What aileth you so _rathe_ for to arise," + +has been already quoted as bearing this meaning. Milton, in Lycidas, has-- + + "Bring the _rathe_ primrose that forsaken dies." + +In a pastoral, called a "Palinode," by E. B., probably Edmond Bolton, in +England's _Helicon_, edit. 1614, occurs: + + "And make the _rathe_ and timely primrose grow." + +And we have "_rathe_ and late," in a pastoral in Davidson's _Poems_, 4th +edit., London, 1621. + +_Rathe_ is a word still in use in the Weald of Sussex, where Saxon still +lingers in the dialect of the common people; and a _rathe_, instead of an +early spring, is spoken of; and a species of early apple is known as the +_Rathe_-ripe. + +ANON. + +_Carr Pedigree_ (Vol. vii., p. 408.).--The pedigree description of Lady +Carr is "Gresil, daughter of Sir Robert Meredyth, Knt., Chancellor of the +Exchequer in Ireland." Sir George Carr died Feb. 13, 1662-3, and was buried +in Dublin. His sons were 1, Thomas, and 2, William; and a daughter Mary, +who married 1st, Dr. Thomas Margetson (son to the Archbishop of Armagh); +and 2ndly, Dr. Michael Ward. The pedigree is continued through Thomas the +eldest son, who was the father of the Bishop of Killaloe. It does not +appear that William left any issue. His wife's name was Elizabeth, daughter +of Edward Sing, D.D., Lord Bishop of Cork. + +W. ST. + +_Banbury Cakes_ (Vol. vii., p. 106.).--In _A Treatise of Melancholy_, by T. +Bright, doctor of physic, and published in 1586, I find the following: + + "Sodden wheat is of a grosse and melancholicke nourishment, and bread + especially of the fine flower unleavened: of this sort are bag-puddings + or pan-puddings made with flour, frittars, pancakes, such as we call + _Banberie cakes_, and those great ones confected with butter, eggs, + &c., used at weddings; and howsoever it be prepared, rye and bread made + thereof carrieth with it plentie of melancholie." + +H. A. B. + +_Detached Belfry Towers_ (Vol. vii., pp. 333. 416. 465.).--To your already +extensive list of church towers separate from the church, Launceston +Church, Cornwall, and St. John's Church, Chester, may not unfittingly be +added. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +Elstow, Bedfordshire, is an instance of a bell tower separated from the +body of the church. + +B. H. C. + +_Dates on Tombstones_ (Vol. vii., p. 331.).--A correspondent asks for +instances of dates on tombstones prior to 1601. I cannot give any, but I +can refer to some slabs lying upon the ground in a churchyard near Oundle +(Tausor if I remember aright), on which appear in relief recumbent figures +with the hands upon the breast, crossed, or in the attitude of prayer. +These are of a much earlier date, and I should be much pleased to know if +many or any such instances elsewhere occur. + +B. H. C. + +_Subterranean Bells_ (Vol. vii., pp. 128. 328.).--Bells under ground and +under water, so often referred to, remind me of the Oundle Drumming Well, +which I remember seeing when a child. There is a legend connected with it +which I heard, but cannot accurately recollect. The well itself is referred +to in Brand, vol. ii. p. 369. (Bohn's ed.), but the legend is not given. + +B. H. C. + +_Mistletoe in Ireland_ (Vol. ii., p. 270.).--I have just received, in full +blossom, a very fine spray from a luxuriant plant of this parasite growing +on an apple tree in the gardens of Farmley, the seat of William Lloyd +Flood, Esq., in the county of Kilkenny. This plant of mistletoe has existed +at {513} Farmley beyond the memory of the present generation; but Mr. +Flood's impression, communicated to me, is, that it was artificially +produced from seed by some former gardener. If natural, which _may_ be the +case, this instance of its occurrence in Ireland is, I believe, unique. + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny. + +_Stars and Flowers_ (Vol. iv., p. 22.; Vol. vii., p. 151. 341.).--Passages +illustrative of this similitude have been quoted from Cowley, Longfellow, +Hood, and Moir. The metaphor is also made use of by Darwin, in his _Loves +of the Plants_: + + "Roll on, ye stars! exult in youthful prime, + Mark with bright curves the printless steps of time; + _Flowers of the sky!_ ye, too, to age must yield, + Frail as your silken sisters of the field." + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_The Painting by Fuseli_ (Vol. vii., p. 453.).--The picture by the late +Henry Fuseli, R.A., inquired after by MR. SANSOM, is in the collection at +Sir John Soane's Museum; it was purchased by him in 1802. + +It was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1780, and is thus entered in the +Catalogue of that year: + + "No. 77. Ezzelin Bracciaferro musing over Meduna, destroyed by him, for + disloyalty, during his absence in the Holy Land. _Fuseli._" + +There is an engraving of the picture in _Essays on Physiognomy_, by J. C. +Lavater, translated from the French by Henry Hunter, D.D., 4to.: London, +1789. The _second_ volume, p. 294. + +The inscription under that engraving, by Holloway, is as follows: + + "Ezzelin, Count of Ravenna, surnamed Bracciaferro or Iron Arm, musing + over the body of Meduna; slain by him, for infidelity, during his + absence in the Holy Land." + +GEORGE BAILEY. + +The subject of your correspondent J. SANSOM'S inquiry is in the Soane +Museum, Lincoln's Inn Fields. Search among the Italian story-tellers will +not discover the origin of the picture of Count Ezzelin's remorse: it +sprung from that fertile source of fearful images--Henry Fuseli's brain. +The work might well have been left without a name, but for the requirements +of the Royal Academy Catalogue, and, it must be added, Fuseli's desire to +mystify the Italian as well as the other scholars of his day. + +For confirmation of the correctness of these statements, I refer your +correspondent to the _Life of Fuseli_ by Knowles, and to that by Cunningham +in the _Lives of the British Painters_. + +R. F., Jun. + +_"Navita Erythraeum"_ (Vol. vii., p. 382.).--Since I requested a reference +to these lines, I have possessed myself of a very elaborate Latin work on +_Bells_, in two vols. 8vo., published at Rome, 1822, by Alexander +Lazzarinus, _De Vario Tintinnabulorum usu apud veteres Hebraeos et +Ethnicos_: wherein, in a section on the effect of the sound of bells on +different animals, he quotes those very lines from "Cornelius Kilianus +Dufflaeus in suis poematibus." + +I shall now be thankful to be told something about the said Dufflaeus,--who +and what he was,--when and where he lived? + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + +Rectory, Clyst St. George. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +The success which has attended _The Chronological New Testament_ has +encouraged the publisher of that most useful work to undertake an edition +of the entire Scriptures on a similar plan; and we have now before us the +First Part of _The English Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments +according to the authorised Version: newly divided into Paragraphs, with +concise Introductions to the several Books; and with Maps and Notes +illustrative of the Chronology, History, and Geography of the Holy +Scriptures; containing also the most remarkable Variations of the ancient +Versions, and the chief Results of modern Criticism_. Even this ample +title-page does not, however, point out the many helps towards a better +understanding of the Word of God, which, by improvements in its division +and typographical arrangement, are here furnished for the use of the devout +student: and which has this great recommendation in our eyes, as we have no +doubt it will be its greatest in that of many of our readers, that it is no +endeavour to furnish a new translation, but only an attempt to turn our +noble authorised version to the best account. The present Part completes +the Book of Genesis, and we have little doubt that its success will be such +as to secure for the publisher that patronage which will enable him to +complete so desirable a work as his "_New Edition of the authorised Version +of the Bible_." While on this subject, we may fitly call attention to the +eighth number of _The Museum of Classical Antiquities: a Quarterly Journal +of Ancient Art_, and its accompanying _Supplement_, both of which are +entirely occupied with a question which, from its connexion with our +holiest and most religious feelings, must always command our deepest +attention,--namely, the true site of Calvary, and of the Holy Sepulchre. +The question is discussed at considerable length, and with great learning +and acuteness; and, we trust, from its generally interesting character, may +have the effect of drawing attention to a journal which deserves the +patronage of scholars to a greater extent than, from the prefatory notice, +it would appear to have received up to the present time. + +The Second Part of _The Ulster Journal of Archaeology_ has just appeared. We +cannot better recommend it to our antiquarian friends than by pointing out +that it contains the following papers:--1. Metropolitan Visitation of the +Diocese of Derry, A.D. 1397. 2. Iona. 3. Anglo-Norman Families of Lecale, +County Down. {514} 4. Ogham Inscriptions. 5. Irish Surnames, their past and +present Forms. 6. The Island of Tory in the Pagan Period. 7. Origin and +Characteristics of the People in the Counties of Down and Antrim. 8. King +William's Progress to the Boyne. 9. Antiquarian Notes and Queries. 10. +Annals of Ulster. + +We ought, in the same way, to specify the various papers to be found in the +recently-published _Reports and Papers read at the Meetings of the +Architectural Society of the Archdeaconry of Northampton and the Counties +of York and Lincoln; and of the Architectural and Archaeological Society of +the County of Bedford during the Year 1852_,--but such a course is +obviously impossible. There is one paper in the volume which, as especially +worthy the attention of those interested in our Ecclesiastical History, +deserves to be particularly noticed, namely, the Rev. G. A. Poole's +_Synchronological Table of the Bishops of the English Sees from the Year +1050 to 1550_. How much good service might be done to Historical Literature +by the compilation and printing of many documents of a similar character! + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +SCOTT, REMARKS ON THE BEST WRITINGS OF THE BEST AUTHORS (or some such +title). + +SERMONS BY THE REV. ROBERT WAKE, M.A. 1704, 1712, &c. + +HISTORY OF ANCIENT WILTS, by SIR R. C. HOARE. The last three Parts. + +REV. A. DYCE'S EDITION OF DR. RICHARD BENTLEY'S WORKS. Vol. III. Published +by Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, Holborn. 1836. + +DISSERTATION ON ISAIAH XVIII., IN A LETTER TO EDWARD KING, ESQ., by SAMUEL +LORD BISHOP OF ROCHESTER (HORSLEY). The Quarto Edition, printed for Robson. +1779. + +BEN JONSON'S WORKS. 9 Vols. 8vo. Vols. II., III., IV. Bds. + +SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOVELS. 41 Vols. 8vo. The last nine Vols. Boards. + +JACOB'S ENGLISH PEERAGE. Folio Edition, 1766. Vols. 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With the actual are mingled + remarks on Australia, and advice to emigrants, the latter of which is + of a judicious kind."--_Spectator._ + + "The authors of this compact volume have well worked out the purpose + they had in view, as put forth in the preface, making the book a real + book, indulging in no flights of imagination lest injury should be + inflicted thereby upon the uninformed and ingenuous.... This + straightforward and eminently practical book."--_Lloyd's Weekly News._ + + * * * * * + +In fcap. 4to., printed and bound in the style of the period, price 21s., or +in morocco, 36s. + +THE DIARY AND HOURES OF THE LADYE ADOLIE, + +A FAYTHFULLE CHILDE, 1552. + +Edited by the LADY CHARLOTTE PEPYS. + + "This work resembles several productions of the last few years. The + Diary professes to be written by a noble young lady of the sixteenth + century. 'Lady Adolie' has an advantage over most of its precursors in + the greater depth and variety of the incidents. The Journal begins just + before the accession of Bloody Mary, and ends with the martyrdom of the + youthful writer at Smithfield.... The book is charmingly written; the + kindly, simple, loving spirit of a girl in her teens, thrown much upon + her own resources, is truthfully depicted, as well as the firm piety of + that age."--_Spectator._ + + "The familiar conversation of the day, as sought to be reproduced in + this Diary, wears an appearance of singular truthfulness, and whether + the topic be the deathbed of good King Edward, the merits of Somerset, + Ladye Jane Grey, her Grace the Ladye Elysabeth, the Queen herself, or + the demeanour of her Spanish husband, the proceedings of Cardinal Pole, + the doings at the Tower prison, the volume reflects as in a faithful + mirror the opinions current in the national mind."--_Globe._ + + * * * * * + +BY THE AUTHOR OF "CHILD'S PLAY." + +In medium 4to., handsomely bound, price 15s. + +A CHILDREN'S SUMMER. + +Eleven Etchings on Steel by E. U. B. + +ILLUSTRATED IN PROSE AND RHYME BY M. L. B. & W. M. C. + +India Proofs on Large Paper, in Portfolio, price 31s. 6d. + + "What cordial admiration, what honest unaffected praise, have we to + bestow on these etchings! Never did we see a more perfect harmony + expressed throughout between accomplishment and grace of hand and moral + beauty of mind. Not the most faultless of mere correctness of drawing + could have the effect which these etchings produce. Within outlines + imperfect as we have described them, often the most exalted fancies are + found. The arrangement is almost always excellent--than the groupings + of the figures, and the composition of each scene, nothing for the most + part can be better. And the beautiful sympathy with children that is + displayed, the enjoyment in their joy, their gay sports their tender + little thoughtful gravities and their innocent purity of affection + which brings round them the thoughts of angels--all this has most + delightful expression in 'A Children's Summer.'"--_Examiner._ + + * * * * * + +In Two Vols. crown 8vo., price 12s., elegantly bound in cloth, gilt, + +GRIMM'S HOUSEHOLD STORIES. + +COMPLETE EDITION. + +The celebrated Stories of the Brothers Grimm. + +Embellished with 200 small and 36 full-page Illustrations by E. H. WEHNERT. + + "From time to time we have noticed the periodical appearances of this + edition of the famous book of the Brothers Grimm, and have only now to + mention the fact of its completion into two compact, well-filled + volumes. The translation is done in just the simple, homely way which + suits best with the stories.... Every juvenile library should possess + this excellent 'Grimm.'"--_Examiner._ + + "The two volumes of 'Household Stories,' translated from the Messrs. + Grimm, are the completed form of an edition which was issued in + numbers, and which has from time to time been mentioned by us as in + course of publication. What with Mr. Wehnert's admirable illustrations + (of which the number is almost countless) and the general elegance of + production, the work now presents an appearance sufficiently seductive + to the juvenile class of readers, to whom it is more particularly + addressed."--_Athenaeum._ + + "We cannot again avoid alluding to Mr. Wehnert's illustrations to + 'Grimm.' They are instinct with the most vital spirit of German + legendary romance--remote, unreal, grotesque, and suggestive; with + strange bits of landscape and beautiful human faces (those of the + children remarkably so), and with a singular absence of strong contrast + of light and shade, as though the sun which shone upon them was not the + same which shines upon this earth."--_Athenaeum_, second notice. + + "The stories are delightful."--_Leader._ + + * * * * * + +In 8vo., handsomely bound in cloth gilt, price 5s., the First Volume of + +THE CHARM: + +A BOOK FOR BOYS AND GIRLS. + +THE CONTRIBUTIONS BY MRS. HARRIET MYRTLE, ALFRED ELWES, J. H. PEPPER, +FREDERICA GRAHAM, CLARA DE CHATELAIN, &c. + +Embellished with more than One Hundred Illustrations by LEJEUNE, KAULBACH, +WEIR, WEHNERT, ABSOLON, SKILL, &c. &c. + +_The Work is continued in Monthly Numbers, price Sixpence each._ + + "A word in praise of the charming periodical for children, 'The Charm,' + which is more eagerly looked for by several youngsters we know than + "Bleak House' is by their parents."--_Leader._ + + "Children, we find, love this periodical."--_Critic._ + + "'The Charm' is an excellent monthly periodical, full of pleasant + stories and engravings."--_Atlas._ + + "An attractive and well-varied book."--_Spectator._ + + "'The Charm,' a book for boys and girls, is the completed volume, + handsomely bound, of a book which has been appearing in monthly numbers + during the year, and in which form we have several times noticed it + with warm approval. It is full of interesting matter to read, and + adorned with upwards of one hundred engravings, of admirable execution, + illustrative of natural history, topography, juvenile science, + costumes, and sports, drawn by the best artist."--_Critic._ + + * * * * * + +WITH FIVE HUNDRED PICTURES. + +Large 4to., 6s. in elegant Picture Binding, by LUKE LIMNER, a New Edition +of + +THE PICTURE PLEASURE BOOK; + +CONTAINING FIVE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE MOST EMINENT ARTISTS. + +An Edition is also published mounted on cloth, price 12s. + + "'The Picture Pleasure Book' is really the child's joy, for it gives + him large folio pages full of woodcuts, executed in the best style of + art, teaching him natural history, educating his eye to good drawing + and graceful form, and telling stories in pictures. It is an admirable + design, and no house that holds children should be without + it."--_Critic._ + + * * * * * + +LONDON: ADDEY AND CO., 21. OLD BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10 Stonefield Street, in the Parish of +St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, May 21. +1853. + +Corrections made to printed original. + +p501. "the birth of Antonius Stradivarius" - "Autonius" in original + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 186, May 21, +1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 20409.txt or 20409.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/4/0/20409/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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