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diff --git a/19126.txt b/19126.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..280aaf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/19126.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6925 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Raemaekers' Cartoons, by Louis Raemaekers + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Raemaekers' Cartoons + With Accompanying Notes by Well-known English Writers + +Author: Louis Raemaekers + +Contributor: H. H. Asquith + +Illustrator: Louis Raemaekers + +Release Date: August 26, 2006 [EBook #19126] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RAEMAEKERS' CARTOONS *** + + + + +Produced by Roger Frank and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +RAEMAEKERS' CARTOONS + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +[Illustration: + +(Transcriber's note: a signed Portrait of Louis Raemaekers) + +Photograph by Miss D. Compton Collier] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +RAEMAEKERS' CARTOONS + +WITH ACCOMPANYING NOTES BY +WELL-KNOWN ENGLISH WRITERS + +WITH AN APPRECIATION FROM H. H. ASQUITH, +PRIME MINISTER OF ENGLAND + +GARDEN CITY NEW YORK +DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY +1916 + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Copyright, 1916, by +DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY + +All rights reserved, including that of translation into foreign +languages, including the Scandinavian. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +LIST OF CARTOONS AND THE DESCRIPTIVE NOTES + PAGE +PORTRAIT OF LOUIS RAEMAEKERS +INTRODUCTION Francis Stopford +AN APPRECIATION FROM THE PRIME MINISTER H. H. Asquith +CHRISTENDOM AFTER TWENTY CENTURIES Francis Stopford 8 +A STABLE PEACE Eden Phillpotts 10 +THE MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS E. Charles Vivian 12 +BERNHARDIISM Hilaire Belloc 14 +FROM LIEGE TO AIX-LA-CHAPELLE Francis Stopford 16 +SPOILS FOR THE VICTORS Hilaire Belloc 18 +THE VERY STONES CRY OUT Bernard Vaughan, S. J. 20 +SATAN'S PARTNER G. K. Chesterton 22 +THROWN TO THE SWINE The Dean of St. Paul's 24 +THE LAND MINE Herbert Warren 26 +"FOR YOUR MOTHERLAND" Eden Phillpotts 28 +THE GERMAN LOAN E. Charles Vivian 30 +EUROPE, 1916 G. K. Chesterton 32 +THE NEXT TO BE KICKED OUT--DUMBA'S MASTER Arthur Pollen 34 +THE FRIENDLY VISITOR H. DeVere Stacpoole 36 +"TO YOUR HEALTH, CIVILIZATION!" The Dean of St. Paul's 38 +FOX TIRPITZ PREACHING TO THE GEESE Herbert Warren 40 +THE PRISONERS Eden Phillpotts 42 +IT'S UNBELIEVABLE Hilaire Belloc 44 +KREUZLAND, KREUZLAND UeBER ALLES The Dean of St. Paul's 38 +THE EX-CONVICT Hilaire Belloc 48 +MISS CAVELL G. K. Chesterton 50 +THE HOSTAGES John Oxenham 52 +KING ALBERT'S ANSWER TO THE POPE E. Charles Vivian 54 +THE GAS FIEND Eden Phillpotts 56 +THE GERMAN TANGO John Buchan 58 +THE ZEPPELIN TRIUMPH W. L. Courtney 60 +KEEPING OUT THE ENEMY H. DeVere Stacpoole 62 +THE GERMAN OFFER Hilaire Belloc 64 +THE WOLF TRAP Herbert Warren 66 +AHASUERUS II John Buchan 68 +OUR CANDID FRIEND The Dean of St. Paul's 70 +PEACE AND INTERVENTION Boyd Cable 72 +LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD H. DeVere Stacpoole 74 +THE SEA MINE Arthur Pollen 76 +"SEDUCTION" G. K. Chesterton 78 +MURDER ON THE HIGH SEAS Arthur Pollen 80 +AD FINEM John Oxenham 82 +"U'S" Arthur Pollen 84 +MATER DOLOROSA Eden Phillpotts 86 +"GOTT STRAFE ITALIEN!" Ralph D. Blumenfeld 88 +SERBIA Sir Sidney Lee 90 +"JUST A MOMENT--I'M COMING" Boyd Cable 92 +THE HOLY WAR Boyd Cable 94 +"GOTT MIT UNS" Eden Phillpotts 96 +THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM The Dean of St. Paul's 98 +THE HARVEST IS RIPE William Mitchell Ramsay 100 +"UNMASKED" Boyd Cable 102 +THE GREAT SURPRISE G. K. Chesterton 104 +THOU ART THE MAN! John Oxenham 106 +SYMPATHY Ralph D. Blumenfeld 108 +THE REFUGEES Joseph Thorp 110 +"THE JUNKER" Clive Holland 112 +"AU MILIEU DE FANTOMES TRISTES ET SANS NOMBRE" Alice Meynell 114 +BLUEBEARD'S CHAMBER William Mitchell Ramsay 116 +THE RAID Arthur Pollen 118 +BETTER A LIVING DOG THAN A DEAD LION Arthur Shadwell 120 +"THE BURDEN OF THE INTOLERABLE DAY" William Mitchell Ramsay 122 +EAGLE IN HEN-RUN Boyd Cable 124 +THE FUTURE Sidney Lee 126 +CHRIST OR ODIN? Bernard Vaughan 128 +FERDINAND Edmund Gosse 130 +JUGGERNAUT John Oxenham 132 +MICHAEL AND THE MARKS W. M. J. Williams 134 +THEIR BERESINA John Oxenham 136 +NEW PEACE OFFERS W. L. Courtney 138 +THE SHIELDS OF ROSSELAERE William Mitchell Ramsay 140 +THE OBSTINACY OF NICHOLAS Joseph Thorp 142 +THE ORDER OF MERIT Ralph D. Blumenfeld 144 +THE MARSHES OF PINSK Alice Meynell 146 +GOD WITH US John Buchan 148 +FERDINAND THE CHAMELEON G. K. Chesterton 150 +THE LATIN SISTERS Horace Annesley Vachell 152 +MISUNDERSTOOD Joseph Thorp 154 +PROSPERITY REIGNS IN FLANDERS Cecil Chesterton 156 +THE LAST HOHENZOLLERN E. Charles Vivian 158 +PIRACY Arthur Pollen 160 +"WEEPING, SHE HATH WEPT" Father Bernard Vaughan 162 +MILITARY NECESSITY Eden Phillpotts 164 +LIBERTE! LIBERTE, CHERIE! John Oxenham 166 +I--"A KNAVISH PIECE OF WORK" George Birdwood 168 +II--"SISYPHUS,--HIS STONE" George Birdwood 170 +CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS A. Shadwell 172 +PALLAS ATHENE Herbert Warner 174 +THE WONDERS OF CULTURE Clive Holland 176 +FOLK WHO DO NOT UNDERSTAND THEM Bernard Vaughan 178 +ON THE WAY TO CALAIS Eden Phillpotts 180 +VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG AND TRUTH Herbert Warren 182 +VAN TROMP AND DE RUYTER Arthur Pollen 184 +WAR AND CHRIST Cecil Chesterton 186 +BARBED WIRE E. Charles Vivian 188 +THE HIGHER POLITICS Boyd Cable 190 +THE LOAN GAME W. M. J. Williams 192 +A WAR OF RAPINE E. Charles Vivian 194 +THE DUTCH JUNKERS A. Shadwell 196 +THE WAR MAKERS John Oxenham 198 +THE CHRISTMAS OF KULTUR A. Shadwell 200 +SERBIA Horace Annesley Vachell 202 +THE LAST OF THE RACE Arthur Pollen 204 +THE CURRICULUM W. M. J. Williams 206 +THE DUTCH JOURNALIST TO HIS BELGIAN CONFRERE G. K. Chesterton 208 +A BORED CRITIC Eden Phillpotts 210 +"THE PEACE WOMAN" Clive Holland 212 +THE SELF-SATISFIED BURGHER W. L. Courtney 214 +THE DECADENT John Oxenham 216 +LIQUID FIRE Clive Holland 218 +NISH AND PARIS Sidney Lee 220 +GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND! Cecil Chesterton 222 +THE PACIFICIST KAISER Sidney Lee 224 +DINANT W. R. Inge 226 +"HESPERIA" (WOUNDED FIRST) H. DeVere Stacpoole 228 +GALLIPOLI G. K. Chesterton 230 +THE BEGINNING OF THE EXPIATION G. K. Chesterton 232 +THE SHIRKERS Sidney Lee 234 +ONE OF THE KAISER'S MANY MISTAKES John Oxenham 236 +BELGIUM IN HOLLAND Edmund Gosse 238 +SERBIA William Mitchell Ramsay 240 +JACKALS IN THE POLITICAL FIELD Herbert Warren 242 +A LETTER FROM THE GERMAN TRENCHES Cecil Chesterton 244 +HIS MASTER'S VOICE A. Shadwell 246 +HUN GENEROSITY Horace Annesley Vachell 248 +EASTER, 1915 G. K. Chesterton 250 +PAN GERMANICUS AS PEACE MAKER Alfred Stead 252 +GOTT MIT UNS Cecil Chesterton 254 +OUR LADY OF ANTWERP W. L. Courtney 256 +DEPORTATION Cecil Chesterton 258 +THE GERMAN BAND John Oxenham 260 +ARCADES AMBO Horace Annesley Vachell 262 +"IS IT YOU, MOTHER?" Sidney Lee 264 +THE FATE OF FLEMISH ART AT THE HANDS OF KULTUR + Arthur Morrison 266 +THE GRAVES OF ALL HIS HOPES H. DeVere Stacpoole 268 +"MY SIXTH SON IS NOW LYING HERE--WHERE ARE YOURS?" + H. DeVere Stacpoole 270 +BUNKERED W. R. Inge 272 +GOTT STRAFE VERDUN W. R. Inge 274 +THE LAST THROW E. Charles Vivian 276 +THE ZEPPELIN BAG Clive Holland 278 +"COME IN, MICHAEL, I HAVE HAD A LONG SLEEP" Horace Annesley Vachell 280 +FIVE ON A BENCH G. K. Chesterton 282 +WHAT ABOUT PEACE, LADS? W. R. Inge 284 +THE LIBERATORS Joseph Thorp 286 +TOM THUMB AND THE GIANT E. Charles Vivian 288 +"WE HAVE FINISHED OFF THE RUSSIANS" E. Charles Vivian 290 +MUDDLE THROUGH Clive Holland 292 +MY ENEMY IS MY BEST FRIEND William Mitchell Ramsay 294 +HOW I DEAL WITH THE SMALL FRY Clive Holland 296 +THE TWO EAGLES A. Shadwell 298 +LONDON INSIDE THE SAVOY E. Charles Vivian 300 +LONDON OUTSIDE THE SAVOY E. Charles Vivian 302 +THE INVOCATION A. Shadwell 304 + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +INTRODUCTION + +Louis Raemaekers will stand out for all time as one of the supreme +figures which the Great War has called into being. His genius has been +enlisted in the service of mankind, and his work, being entirely sincere +and untouched by racial or national prejudice, will endure; indeed, it +promises to gain strength as the years advance. When the intense +passions, which have been awakened by this world struggle, have faded +away, civilization will regard the war largely through these wonderful +drawings. + + * * * * * + +Before the war had been in progress many weeks the cartoons in the +Amsterdam _Telegraaf_ attracted attention in the capitals of Europe, +many leading newspapers reproducing them. The German authorities, quick +to realize their full significance, did all in their power to suppress +them. Through German intrigue Raemaekers has been charged in the Dutch +Courts with endangering the neutrality of Holland--and acquitted. A +price has been set on his head, should he ever venture over the border. + +When he crossed to England, his wife received anonymous post-cards, +warning her that his ship would certainly be torpedoed in the North Sea. +The Cologne _Gazette_, in a leading article on Holland, threatens that +country that "after the War Germany will settle accounts with Holland, +and for each calumny, for each cartoon of Raemaekers, she will demand +payment with the interest that is due to her." Not since Saul and the +men of Israel were in the valley of Elah fighting with the Philistines +has so unexpected a champion arisen. With brush and pencil this Dutch +painter will do even as David did with the smooth stone out of the +brook: he will destroy the braggart Goliath, who, strong in his own +might, defies the forces of the living God. + +When Mr. Raemaekers came to London in December, he was received by the +Prime Minister, and was entertained at a complimentary luncheon by the +Journalists of the British capital. Similar honour was conferred on him +on his second visit. He was the guest of honour at the Savage Club; the +Royal Society of Miniature Painters elected him an Honorary Member. But +it has been left to France to pay the most fitting recognition to his +genius and to his services in the cause of freedom and truth. The Cross +of the Legion of Honour has been presented to him, and on his visit to +Paris this month a special reception is to be held in his honour at La +Sorbonne, which is the highest purely intellectual reward Europe can +confer on any man. + + * * * * * + +The great Dutch cartoonist is now in his forty-seventh year. He was born +in Holland, his father, who is dead, having been the editor of a +provincial newspaper. His mother, who is still alive and exceedingly +proud of her son's fame, is a German by birth, but rejoices that she +married a Dutchman. Mr. Raemaekers, who is short, fair, and of a ruddy +countenance, looks at least ten years younger than his age. He took up +painting and drawing when quite young and learnt his art in Holland and +in Brussels. All his life he has lived in his own country, but with +frequent visits to Belgium and Germany, where, through his mother, he +has many relations. Thus he knows by experience the nature of the +peoples whom he depicts. + +For many years he was a landscape painter and a portrait painter, and +made money and local reputation. Six or seven years ago he turned his +attention to political work, and became a cartoonist and caricaturist on +the staff of the Amsterdam _Telegraaf_, thus opening the way to a fame +which is not only world-wide but which will endure as long as the memory +of the Great War lasts. His ideas come to him naturally and without +effort. Suggestions do not assist him; they hinder him when he +endeavours to act on them. He is an artist to his finger-tips and throws +the whole force of his being into his work. Some years ago he married a +Dutch lady, who is devoted to music, and they have three children, two +girls and a boy (the youngest); the eldest is now twelve. Very happy in +his home, Mr. Raemaekers has no ambitions outside it, except to go on +with his work. A Teuton paper has declared that Raemaekers' cartoons are +worth at least two Army Corps to the Allies. + +The strong religious tendency which so often distinguishes his work +makes one instinctively ask to what Church does the artist belong. He +replies that he belongs to none, but was brought up a Catholic, and his +wife a Protestant, and the differences which in later life severed each +from their early teaching caused them to meet on common ground. But the +intense Christian feeling of these drawings is beyond cavil or dispute: +they again and again bring home to the heart the vital truths of the +Faith with irresistible force, and the artist ever expresses the +Christianity, not perhaps of the theologian, but of the honest and +kindly man of the world. + +Praise has been bestowed upon his work by several German +papers--qualified praise. The _Leipziger Volkszeitung_ has declared that +Raemaekers' cartoons show unimpeachable art and great power of +execution, but that they all lack one thing. They have no wit, no +spirit. Which is true--in a sense. They do lack wit--German wit; they do +lack spirit--German spirit. And what German wit and German spirit may be +one can comprehend by a study of Raemaekers' cartoons. + + * * * * * + +It has been well said that no man living amidst these surging seas of +blood and tears has come nearer to the role of Peacemaker than +Raemaekers. The Peace which he works for is not a matter of arrangement +between diplomatists and politicians: it is the peace which the +intelligence and the soul of the Western world shall insist on in the +years to be. God grant it be not long delayed, but it can only come when +the enemy is entirely overthrown and the victory is overwhelming and +complete. + +Empire House, FRANCIS STOPFORD, + Kingsway, London. Editor, _Land and Water_. + February, 1916. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +AN APPRECIATION FROM THE PRIME MINISTER + Downing Street, + Whitehall, S. W. + +Mr. Raemaekers' powerful work gives form and colour to the menace which +the Allies are averting from the liberty, the civilization, and the +humanity of the future. He shows us our enemies as they appear to the +unbiassed eyes of a neutral, and wherever his pictures are seen +determination will be strengthened to tolerate no end of the war save +the final overthrow of the Prussian military power. + + Signed H. H. ASQUITH. + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +CHRISTENDOM AFTER TWENTY CENTURIES + +These pictures, with their haunting sense of beauty and their biting +satire, might almost have been drawn by the finger of the Accusing +Angel. As the spectator gazes on them the full weight of the horrible +cruelty and senseless futility of war overwhelms the soul, and, sinking +helplessly beneath it, he feels inclined to assume the same attitude of +despair as is shown in "Christendom After Twenty Centuries." + +"War is war," the Germans preached and practised, and no matter how +clement and correct may be the humanity of the Allies, we realize +through these pictures what the human race has to face and endure once +peace be broken. Is "Christendom After Twenty Centuries" to be even as +Christianity was in the first century--an excuse for the perpetration of +mad cruelties by degenerate Caesars or Kaisers (spell it as you will) at +their games? Cannot the higher and finer attributes of mankind be +developed and strengthened without this apparently needless waste of +agony and life? Is human nature only to be redeemed through the Cross, +and must Calvary bear again and again its heavy load of human anguish? + +One cannot escape from this inner questioning as one gazes on +Raemaekers' cartoons. + + FRANCIS STOPFORD. + +[Illustration: CHRISTENDOM AFTER TWENTY CENTURIES] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +A STABLE PEACE + +Were I privileged to have a hand at the Peace Conference, my cooperation +would take the part of deeds and I should only ask to hang the walls of +the council chamber with life-size reproductions of Raemaekers in +blood-red frames. For human memory is weak, and as mind of man cannot +grasp the meaning of a million, so may it well fail to keep steadily +before itself the measure of Belgium--the rape and murder, the pillage +and plunder, the pretences under which perished women and priests and +children, the brutal tyranny--the left hand that beckoned in friendly +fashion, the right hand, hidden with the steel. + +We can very safely leave France to remember Northern France and Russia +not to forget Poland; but let Belgium and Serbia be at the front of the +British mind and conscience; let her lift her eyes to these scorching +pictures when Germany fights with all her cunning for a peace that shall +leave Prussia scotched, not killed. + +Already one reads despondent articles, that the English tradition, to +forgive and forget, is going to wreck the peace; and students of +psychology fear that within us lie ineradicable qualities that will save +the situation for Germany at the end. + +To suspect such a national weakness is surely to arm against it and see +that our contribution to the Peace Conference shall not stultify our +contribution to the War. + +The Germans have been kite-flying for six months, to see which way the +wind blows; and when the steady hurricane broke the strings and flung +the kites headlong to earth, those who sent them up were sufficiently +proclaimed by their haste to disclaim. + +But when the actual conditions are created and the new "Scrap of Paper" +comes to light, since German honour is dead and her oath in her own +sight worthless, let it be worthless in our sight also, and let the +terms of peace preclude her power to perjure herself again. Make her +honest by depriving her of the strength to be dishonest. There is only +one thing on earth the German will ever respect, and that is superior +force. May Berlin, therefore, see an army of occupation; and may "peace" +be a word banished from every Allied tongue until that preliminary +condition of peace is accomplished, and Germany sees other armies than +her own. + +Reason has been denied speech in this war; but if she is similarly +banished from the company of the peace-makers, then woe betide the +constitution of the thing they will create, for a "stable peace" must be +the very last desire of those now doomed to defeat. + + EDEN PHILLPOTTS. + +[Illustration: A STABLE PEACE + +THE KAISER: "And remember, if they do not accept, I deny altogether."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS + +Some "neutrals," and even some of the people here in England, still +doubt the reality of the German atrocities in Belgium, but Raemaekers +has seen and spoken with those to whom the scene depicted in this +cartoon is an ugly reality. One who would understand it to the full must +visualize the hands behind the thrusting rifle butts, and the faces +behind the hands, as well as the praying, maddened, despairing, vengeful +women of the picture--and must visualize, too, the men thrust back +another way, to wait _their_ fate at the hands of these apostles of a +civilization of force. + +Yet even then full realization is impossible; the man whose pencil has +limned these faces has only caught a far-off echo of the reality, and +thus we who see his picture are yet another stage removed from the full +horror of the scene that he gives us. Not on us, in England, have the +rifle butts fallen; not for us has it chanced that we should be +shepherded "men to the right, women to the left"; not ours the trenched +graves and the extremity of shame. Thus it is not for us to speak, as +the people of Belgium and Northern France will speak, of the limits of +endurance, and of war's last terrors imposed on those whom war should +have passed by and left untouched. We gather, dimly and with but a tithe +of the feeling that experience can impart, that these extremities of +shame and suffering have been imposed on a people that has done no +wrong, and we may gain some slight satisfaction from the thought that to +this nation is apportioned a share in the work of vengeance on the +criminals. + + E. CHARLES VIVIAN. + +[Illustration: THE MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS + +"We _must_ do everything in good order--so men to the right, women to +the left."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +BERNHARDIISM + +It is the most bestial part of this most bestial thing that it is +calculated and a matter of orders. The private soldier takes his share +of the loot, and is generally the instrument of the cold and ordered +killing; but it is the officer-class which most profits in goods, and it +is the higher command which dictates the policy. It was so in 1870. It +is much more so to-day. + +This note of calculation is particularly to be seen in the fluctuations +through which that policy has passed. When the enemy was absolutely +certain of victory, outnumbering the invader by nearly two to one and +sweeping all before him, we had massacres upon massacres: Louvain, +Aerschot, the wholesale butchery of Dinant, the Lorraine villages (and +in particular the hell of Guebervilliers). Even at the very extremity of +his tide of invasion, and in the last days of it, came the atrocities +and destruction of Sermaize. In the very act of the defeat which has +pinned him and began the process of his destruction he was attempting +yet a further repetition of these unnameable things at Senlis under the +very gates of Paris. + +Then came the months when he felt less secure. The whole thing was at +once toned down by order. Pillage was reduced to isolated cases, and +murder also. Few children suffered. + +A recovery of confidence throughout his Eastern successes last summer +renewed the crimes. Poland is full of them, and the Serbian land as +well. + +In general, you have throughout these months of his ordeal a regular +succession, of excess in vileness when he is confident, of restraint in +it when he is touched by fear. + +This effect of fear upon the dull soul is a characteristic familiar to +all men who know their Prussian from history, particularly the wealthier +governing classes of Prussia. It is a characteristic which those who are +in authority during this war will do well to bear in mind. Properly +used, that knowledge may be made an instrument of victory. + + HILAIRE BELLOC. + +[Illustration: BERNHARDIISM + +"It's all right. If I hadn't done it some one else might."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +FROM LIEGE TO AIX-LA-CHAPELLE + + Moreover, by the means of Wisdom I shall obtain immortality, and + leave behind me an everlasting memorial to them that come after me. + + "I shall set the people in order, and the nations shall be subject + unto me. + + "Horrible tyrants shall be afraid, when they do but hear of me; I + shall be found good among the multitude, and valiant in war." + (Wisdom viii. 13, 14, 15.) + + * * * * * + +Wisdom and Wisdom alone could have painted this terrible picture the +most terrible perhaps which Raemaekers has ever done and yet the +simplest. That he should have dared to leave almost everything to the +imagination of the beholder is evidence of the wonderful power which he +exercises over the mind of the people. Each of us knows what is in that +goods-van and we shudder at its hideous hidden freight, fearing lest it +may be disclosed before our eyes. Wisdom is but another name for supreme +genius. So apposite are the verses which are quoted here from "The +Wisdom of Solomon" in the "Apocrypha" that they seem almost to have been +written on Louis Raemaekers. + +Moreover, this picture brings home to all of us in the most forcible +manner possible the full reality of the horror of war. + + FRANCIS STOPFORD. + +[Illustration: FROM LIEGE TO AIX-LA-CHAPELLE] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +SPOILS FOR THE VICTORS + +The feature that will stamp Prussian War forever, and make this group of +campaigns stand out from all others, is the _character_ of its murder +and pillage. + +Of all the historical ignorance upon which the foolish Pacifist's case +is founded, perhaps the worst is the conception that these abominations +are the natural accompaniment of war. They _have_ attached to war when +war was ill organised in type. But the more subject to rule it has +become, the more men have gloried in arms, the more they have believed +the high trade of soldier to be a pride, the more have they eliminated +the pillage of the civilian and the slaughter of the innocent from its +actions. Those things belong to violent passion and to lack of reason. +Modern war and the chivalric tradition scorned them. + +The edges of the Germanies have, in the past, been touched by the +chivalric tradition: Prussia never. That noblest inheritance of +Christendom never reached out so far into the wilds. And to Germany, now +wholly Prussianized--which will kill us or which we shall kill--soldier +is no high thing, nor is their any meaning attached to the word +"Glorious." War is for that State a business: a business only to be +undertaken with profit against what is certainly weaker; to be +undertaken without faith and with a cruelty in proportion to that +weakness. In particular it must be a terror to women, to children, and +to the aged--for these remain unarmed. + +This country alone of the original alliance has been spared pillage. It +has not been spared murder. But this country, though the process has +perhaps been more gradual than elsewhere, is very vividly alive to-day +to what would necessarily follow the presence of German soldiery upon +English land. + + HILAIRE BELLOC. + +[Illustration: SPOILS FOR THE VICTORS + +"We must despoil Belgium if only to make room for our own culture."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE VERY STONES CRY OUT + +If the highly organized enemy with whom we are at grips in a +life-and-death struggle would only play the war game in accordance with +the rules drawn up by civilized peoples, he would, indeed, command our +admiration no less than our respect. Never on this earth was there such +a splendid fighting machine as that "made in Germany." The armies +against us are the last word in discipline, fitness, and equipment; and +are led by men who, born in barracks, weaned on munitions, have but one +aim and end in view "World-Dominion or Downfall." + +As a matter of fact, instead of winning our admiration they have drawn +our detestation. Not content with brushing aside all international laws +of warfare, they have trampled upon every law, human and divine, +standing in their way of conquest. Indeed, Germany's method of fighting +would disgrace the savages of Central Africa. + +Prussianized Germany has the monopoly of "frightfulness." When not +"frightful," Prussian troopers are not living down to the instructions +of their War-lords to leave the conquered with nothing but eyes to weep +with. Not content to crucify Canadians, murder priests, violate nuns, +mishandle women, and bayonet children, the enemy torpedoes +civilian-carrying liners, and bombs Red Cross hospitals. More, sinning +against posterity as well as antiquity, Germans stand charged before man +and God with reducing to ashes some of the finest artistic output of +Christian civilization. When accused of crimes such as these, Germany +answers through her generals: "The commonest, ugliest stone put to mark +the burial-place of a German grenadier is a more glorious and venerable +monument than all the cathedrals of Europe put together" (General von +Disfurth in _Hamburger Nachrichten_). "Thus is fulfilled the well-known +prophecy of Heine: 'When once that restraining talisman, the Cross, is +broken ... Thor, with his colossal hammer, will leap up, and with it +shatter into fragments the Gothic cathedrals'" (_Religion and Philosophy +in Germany in the Nineteenth Century_). + +What, I ask, can you do with such people but either crush or civilize +them? + +The very stones cry out against them. + + BERNARD VAUGHAN, S.J. + +[Illustration: THE VERY STONES CRY OUT] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +SATAN'S PARTNER + +The cartoon bears the quotation from Bernhardi "War is as divine as +eating and drinking." Yes; and German war is as divine as German eating +and drinking. Any one who has been in a German restaurant during that +mammoth midday meal which generally precedes a sleep akin to a +hibernation, will understand how the same strange barbarous solemnity +has ruined all the real romance of war. There is no way of conveying the +distinction, except by saying vaguely that there is a way of doing +things, and that butchering is not necessary to a good army any more +than gobbling is necessary to a good dinner. In our own insular +shorthand it can be, insufficiently and narrowly but not unprofitably, +expressed by saying that it is possible both to fight and to eat like a +gentleman. It is therefore highly significant that Mr. Raemaekers has in +this cartoon conceived the devil primarily as a kind of ogre. It is a +matter of great interest that this Dutch man of genius, like that other +genius whose pencil war has turned into a sword, Will Dyson, lends in +the presence of Prussia (which has been for many moderns their first +glimpse of absolute or positive evil) to depriving the devil of all that +moonshine of dignity which sentimental sceptics have given him. Evil +does not mean dignity, any more than it means any other good thing. The +stronger caricaturists have, in a sense, fallen back on the medieval +devil; not because he is more mystical, but because he is more material. +The face of Raemaekers' Satan, with its lifted jowl and bared teeth, has +less of the half-truth of cynicism than of mere ignominious greed. The +armies are spread out for him as a banquet; and the war which he +praises, and which was really spread for him in Flanders, is not a +Crusade but a cannibal feast. + + G. K. CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: SATAN'S PARTNER + +BERNHARDI: "War is as divine as eating and drinking." +SATAN: "Here is a partner for me."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THROWN TO THE SWINE + +The Germans have committed many more indefensible crimes than the +military execution of the kind-hearted nurse who had helped +war-prisoners to escape. They have murdered hundreds of women who had +committed no offence whatever against their military rules. But though +not the worst of their misdeeds, this has probably been the stupidest. +It gained us almost as many recruits as the sinking of the _Lusitania_, +and it made the whole world understand--what is unhappily the +truth--that the German is wholly destitute of chivalry. He knows indeed +that people of other nations are affected by this sentiment; but he +despises them for it. Woman is the weaker vessel; and therefore, +according to his code, she must be taught to know her place, which is to +cook and sew, and produce "cannon-fodder" for the Government. Readers of +Schopenhauer and Nietzsche will remember the advice given by those +philosophers for the treatment of women. Nietzsche recommends a whip. It +never occurred to German officialdom that the pedantic condemnation of +one obscure woman, guilty by the letter of their law, would stir the +heart of England and America to the depths, and steel our soldiers to +further efforts against an enemy whose moral unlikeness to ourselves +becomes more apparent with every new phase in the struggle. + + THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S. + +[Illustration: THROWN TO THE SWINE + +The Martyred Nurse] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE LAND MINE + +What does this cartoon suggest? I am asked and I ask myself. At first +very little, almost nothing, only uninteresting, ugly death, gloomy, +ghastly, dismal, but dull and largely featureless, blank and negative. +Has the artist's power failed him? No, it is strongly drawn. Has his +inspiration? What does it mean? Is it indeed meant? As I gaze and pore +on it longer, I seem to see that it is just in this blank negation that +its strength and its suggestion lie. It is meant. It has meaning. A +blast has passed over this place, and this is its sequel, its derelict +rubbish. + +It is death unredeemed, death with no very positive suggestion, with no +hint of heroism, none of heroic action, little even of heroic passion; +just death, helpless, hopeless, pointing to nothing but decomposition, +decay, disappearance, _aneantissement_, reduction of the fair frame of +life to nothingness. That is the peculiar horror of this war. Were the +picture, as it well might be, even more hideous, and did it suggest +something more definite, a story of struggle, say, recorded in +contortion, or by wounds and weapons, it might be better. + +But men killed by machines, men killed by natural forces unnaturally +employed, are indeed a fact and a spectacle squalid, sorry, unutterably +sad. + +All wars have been horrible, but modern wars are more in extremes. +Heroism is there, but not always. It is possible only in patches. There +is much of the mere sacrifice of numbers. Strictly, there are scenes far +worse than this, for death unredeemed is not the worst of sufferings or +of ills. But few are sadder. This is indeed war made by those who hold +it and will it to be "not a sport, but a science." There is no sport +here. Men killed like this are like men killed by plague or the eruption +of a volcano. And, indeed, what else are they? They are victims of a +diseased humanity of the eruption--literal and metaphorical--of its +hidden fires. And wars will grow more and more like this. What can stop +them and banish these scenes? Only the hate of hate, only the love that +can redeem even such a sight as this when at last we remember that it is +for love's sake only that flesh and blood are in the last retort content +to endure it. + + HERBERT WARREN. + +[Illustration: THE LAND MINE] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"FOR YOUR MOTHERLAND" + +England's your Mother! Let your life acclaim + Her precious heart's blood flowing in your heart; +Take ye the thunder of her solemn name + Upon your lips with reverence; play your part + By word and deed + To shield and speed +The far-flung splendour of her ancient fame. + +England's your Mother! Shall not you, her child, + Quicken the everlasting fires that glow +Upon your birthright's altar? England smiled + Beside your cradle, trusting you to show, + With manhood's might, + The undying light +That points the road her free-born spirits go. + +England's your Mother! Man, forget it not + Wherever on the wide-wayed earth your fate +Calls you to labour; whatsoe'er your lot-- + In service, or in power, in stress or state-- + Whate'er betide, + With humble pride, +Remember! By your Mother you are great. + +England's your Mother! What though dark the day + Above the storm-swept frontier that you tread? +Her vanished children throng the glorious way; + A myriad legions of her living dead + Those starry trains + That shared your pains +Shall set their crown of light upon your head. + +England's your Mother! When the race is run + And you are called to leave your life and die, +Small matter what is lost, so this be won: + An after-glow of blessed memory, + Gracious and pure, + In witness sure +"England was this man's Mother: he, her son." + + EDEN PHILLPOTTS. + +[Illustration: "MY SON, GO AND FIGHT FOR YOUR MOTHERLAND!"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE GERMAN LOAN + +The bubble is very nicely balanced, for German "kultur," which is in +reality but another word for "system" or "organization," rather than +that which English-speaking people understand by "culture," has built up +a system of internal credit that shall ensure the correct balance of the +bubble--for just as long as the militarist policy of Germany can endure +the strain of war. But money alone is not sufficient for victory; the +peasant hard put to it to suppress his laugh, and the crowned Germania +that built up the paper pedestal of the bubble, needed many other things +to make that pedestal secure; there was needed integrity, and the +respect of neighbouring nations, and the understanding of other points +of view beside the doctrine of force, and liberty instead of coercion of +a whole nation, and many other things that the older civilizations of +Europe have accepted as parts of their code of life--the things this +new, upstart Germany has not had time to learn. Thus, with the paper +credit--and even with the gold reserve of which Germany has boasted, the +pedestal is but paper. And the winds that blow from the flooded, +corpse-strewn districts of the Yser, from Artois, from Champagne and the +Vosges hills and forests, and from the long, long line of Russia's grim +defences--these winds shall blow it away, leaving a nation bankrupt not +only in money, but in the power to coerce, in the power to inspire fear, +and in all those things out of which the Hohenzollern dynasty has built +up the last empire of force. + + E. CHARLES VIVIAN. + +[Illustration: THE GERMAN LOAN + +"Don't breathe on the bubble or the whole will collapse."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +EUROPE, 1916 + +There are some English critics who have not yet considered so simple a +thing as that the case against horrors must be horrible. In this respect +alone this publication of the work of the distinguished foreign +cartoonist is a thing for our attention and enlightenment. It is the +whole point of the awful experience which has to-day swallowed up all +our smaller experiences, that we are in any case confronted with the +abominable; and the most beautiful thing we can hope to show is only an +abomination of it. Nevertheless, there is horror and horror. The +distinction between brute exaggeration and artistic emphasis could +hardly be better studied than in Mr. Raemaekers' cartoon, and the use he +makes of the very ancient symbol of the wheel. Europe is represented as +dragged and broken upon the wheel as in the old torture; but the wheel +is that of a modern cannon, so that the dim background can be filled in +with the suggestion of a wholly modern machinery. This is a very true +satire; for there are many scientific persons who seem to be quite +reconciled to the crushing of humanity by a vague mechanical environment +in which there are wheels within wheels. But the inner restraint of the +artist is suggested in the treatment of the torment itself; which is +suggested by a certain rending drag in the garments, while the limbs are +limp and the head almost somnolent. She does not strive nor cry; neither +is her voice heard in the streets. The artist had not to draw pain but +to draw despair; and while the pain is old enough the particular despair +is modern. The victim racked for a creed could at least cry "I am +converted." But here even the terms of surrender are unknowable; and she +can only ask "Am I civilized?" + + G. K. CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: EUROPE, 1916 + +"Am I not yet sufficiently civilized?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE NEXT TO BE KICKED OUT--DUMBA'S MASTER + +Uncle Sam is no longer the simple New England farmer of a century ago. +He is rich beyond calculation. His family is more numerous than that of +any European country save Russia. His interests are world-wide, his +trade tremendous, his industry complex, his finance fabulous. Above all, +his family is no longer of one race. The hatreds of Europe are not +echoed in his house; they are shared and reverberate through his +corridors. It is difficult, then, for him to take the simple views of +right and wrong, of justice and humanity, that he took a century ago. He +is tempted to balance a hundred sophistries against the principles of +freedom and good faith that yet burn strongly within him. He is driven +to temporize with the evil thing he hates, because he fears, if he does +not, that his household will be split, and thus the greater evil befall +him. But those that personify the evil may goad him once too often. +Dumba the lesser criminal--as also the less dexterous--has betrayed +himself and is expelled. When will Bernstorff's turn come? That it will +come, indeed _must_ come, is self-evident. The artist sees things too +clearly as they are not to see also what they will be. He therefore +skips the ignoble interlude of prevarication, quibble, and intrigue, and +gives us Uncle Sam happy at last in his recovered simplicity. So we see +him here, enjoying himself, as only a white man can, in a wholehearted +spurning of lies, cruelty, and murder. + +Note that Bernstorff--the victim of a gesture "fortunately rare amongst +gentlemen"--is already in full flight through the air, while Uncle Sam's +left foot has still fifteen inches to travel. The promise of an added +velocity indicates that the flight of the unmasked diplomatist will be +far. The sketched vista of descending steps gives us the satisfaction of +knowing that the drop at the end will be deep. Every muscle of our +sinewy relative is tense, limp, and projectile--the mouthpiece of +Prussia goes to his inevitable end. There is no need of a sequel to show +him shattered and crumpled at the bottom of the stairway. + + ARTHUR POLLEN. + +[Illustration: THE NEXT TO BE KICKED OUT--DUMBA'S MASTER] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE FRIENDLY VISITOR + +Raemaekers is never false, and he never works for effect alone. That is +what makes him so terrible to the people he criticises, and so +effective. + +When he wants to depict the sturdy Dutch soul he draws a sturdy Dutch +Body--ready to defend her home. No flags, no highfalutin, no symbolical +figure posed for show; just cleanliness, determination, and good sense +facing bestiality and oppression. + +The figure that stands for the Freedom of the Home opposed to the figure +that stands for the Freedom of the Seas. + +Many an Englishman might take this picture to heart. + + H. DE VERE STACPOOLE. + +[Illustration: THE FRIENDLY VISITOR + +THE GERMAN: "I come as a friend." + +HOLLAND: "Oh, yes. I've heard that from my Belgian sister."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"TO YOUR HEALTH, CIVILIZATION!" + +This terrible cartoon points its own lesson so forcibly that its effect +is more likely to be weakened than strengthened by any verbal comment. +Death quaffs a goblet of human blood to the health of Civilization. +Death has never enjoyed such a carnival of slaughter before, and it is +Civilization that has made the holocaust possible. The comparatively +simple methods of killing employed by barbarians could not have +destroyed so many lives; nor could barbarian states have raised such +huge armies. The artist makes us feel that such a war as this is an act +of moral madness, a disgrace to our common humanity. It is true that +some of the nations engaged are guiltless, and others almost guiltless; +but there is a solidarity of European civilization which obliges us all +to share the shame and sorrow of this monstrous crime. Universal war is +the _reductio ad absurdum_ of false political theories and false moral +ideals; and the _reductio ad absurdum_ is the chief argument which +Providence uses with mankind. Perhaps it is the only argument which +mankind in the mass can understand. + + THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S. + +[Illustration: "TO YOUR HEALTH, CIVILIZATION!"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +FOX TIRPITZ PREACHING TO THE GEESE + +There is nothing more pathetic in some ways to-day than the position of +the small neutral countries in Europe, and especially those which +directly adjoin Germany. And there is nothing more galling than the +inability of the Allies to give them any help. For the hour they are +absolutely at the mercy of Germany, or would be, if she had any, and +they know it. They are certainly liable and exposed to all her flouts +and cuffs and to any displays of bad temper or bullying or terrorism it +may please her to exercise. And none perhaps is worse off in this +respect than Holland. It suits Germany to be fairly civil to +Switzerland, who could give her a good deal of trouble by joining France +and Italy; and no doubt it suits her too to some extent to consider +Denmark, for Denmark commands the entrance to the Baltic; and, further, +Germany does not wish to bring all Scandinavia down upon herself just at +present. That can wait; but Holland is in the worst plight of all. She +has the terrible spectacle of Belgium, ruined and ravaged, just on the +other side of the way. And she has a very considerable and valuable +mercantile marine. + +The great and good Germany cannot be troubled to distinguish between +Dutch and other boats, and if occasionally a Dutch ship is captured or +sent to the bottom, it is a useful reminder of what she might do to her +"poor relation" if she really let herself go. Fighting for the freedom +of the seas! Holland has fought for them herself. Holland has a great +naval tradition. She knows quite well what England has been and is. She +knows too, and can see, how her sons and brothers in South Africa were +treated by the British in England's last war, and how they regard +England and Germany now. + +Raemaekers' cartoon is very skilful. If we had not seen it done, we +should not have believed it possible to produce at once so clever a +likeness of Von Tirpitz and so excellent an old fox. But the goose is by +no means a foolish bird, though its wisdom may sometimes be shown in +knowing its own weakness. It was they, and not the watchdogs, that saved +the Capitol. In old days it was the custom to call the Germans the "High +Dutch" and the inhabitants of Holland the "Low Dutch." It was a +geographical distinction. The contrast in moral elevation is the other +way. + + HERBERT WARREN. + +[Illustration: FOX TIRPITZ PREACHING TO THE GEESE + +"You see, my little Dutch geese, I am fighting for the freedom of the +seas." (The Germans illegally captured several Dutch ships.)] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE PRISONERS + +A Vile feature of German "frightfulness" is this: that she mixes poison +with her prisoners' rations. Not content with starving their bodies, she +hides truth from them and floods their minds with lies. Those in +command--officers, educated men, claiming the service of their soldiers +and civil guard and the respect of their nation--deliberately hash a +daily meal of falsehood and serve up German victories and triumphs on +land and sea as sauce to the starvation diet of their defenceless +captives. + +In the earlier months of the war, while yet the spiritual slough into +which Germany had sunk was unguessed, and the mixture of child and devil +exemplified by "frightfulness" continued unfathomed, these daily lies +undoubtedly answered their cowardly purpose, cast down the spirit of +thousands, and added another pang to their captivity. But our armies +know better now, and those diminishing numbers likely to be taken +prisoner in the future see the end more clearly than the foe can. Lies +will be met with laughter henceforth, for our enemies have put +themselves beyond the pale. They may starve and insult our bodies; but +their power to poison our brains has passed from them forever. We know +them at last. They have spun a web of barbed villainy between their +souls and ours; and the evil committed for one foul purpose alone--to +terrify free men and break the spirit of the sons of liberty--has +produced results far different and created a situation more terrible for +them than for their outraged enemies. + +For in this matter of misrepresentation and lying, born of Prussia and +by her spoon-fed pack of martinets, professors, and Churchmen, mingled +with Germany's daily bread for a generation, it is she and not we who +will reap the whirlwind of that sowing; it is she and not we who must +soon pant and tear the breast in the pangs of the poison. + +Between the mad and the sane there can be only one victor; and when the +time comes, may Germany's robe of repentance be a strait-waistcoat of +the Allies' choosing. For she has drunk deep of the poison, and those +who anticipate a speedy cure will be as mad as she. When the escaped +tigress is back in her cage, men look to the bars, for none wants a +second mauling. + + EDEN PHILLPOTTS. + +[Illustration: THE PRISONERS] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +IT'S UNBELIEVABLE + +I am not sure that in this cartoon of Raemaekers the most pleasing +detail is not the servant's right eye. You will observe in that +servant's right eye an expression familiar in those who overhear this +sort of comment upon the peculiar bestialities of the Prussian in +Belgium and Poland, this extenuation of his baseness. When the war was +young the opportunity for giving that glance was commoner than it is +now. There were many even in a belligerent country who would tell you in +superior fashion how foolishly exaggerated were the so-called +"atrocities." The greater number of such men (and women) talked of "two +Germanies"--one the nice Germany they knew and loved so well, and the +other apparently nasty Germany which raped, burned, stole, broke faith, +tortured, and the rest. Their number has diminished. But there is a +little lingering trace of the sort of thing still to be discovered: men +and women who hope against hope that the Prussian will really prove good +at heart after all. And it is usually just after some expression of the +kind that the most appalling news arrives with a terrible irony to +punctuate their folly. It reminds one a little of the man in the story +who was sure that he could tame a wild cat, and was in the act of +recording its virtues when it flew in his face. To an impartial observer +who cared nothing for our sufferings or the enemy's vices, there would +be something enormously comic in the vision of these few remaining (for +there are still some few remaining) that approach the wild beast with +soothing words and receive as their only reward a very large bomb +through the roof of their house, or the news that some one dear to them +has been murdered on the high seas. But to those actively suffering in +the struggle the comic element is difficult to seize, and it is replaced +by indignation. This fantastic misconception of the thing that is being +fought is bound to be burned right out by the realities of the enemy +acts in belligerent countries. It will be similarly destroyed--and that +in no very great space of time--in all neutral countries as well. +Prussia will have it so. She is allowing no moral defence to remain for +her future. It is almost as though the men now directing her affairs +lent ear carefully to every word spoken in praise of them abroad, and +met it at once by the tremendous denial of example. It is almost as +though the Prussian felt it a sort of personal insult to receive the +praise of dupes and fools, and perhaps it is. + + HILAIRE BELLOC. + +[Illustration: IT'S UNBELIEVABLE + +DUTCH OFFICER: "How can they have soiled their hands by such +atrocities?" + +SHE: "Can they have done it, my dear? German officers are +so nice."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +KREUZLAND, KREUZLAND UeBER ALLES + +This war has produced examples of every kind of misery which human +beings can inflict upon each other, except one. Europe has mercifully +been spared long sieges of populous towns, ending in the surrender of +the starving population. But many towns and villages have been burnt; +and masses of refugees have fled before the invader, knowing too well +the brutal treatment which they had to expect if they remained. Very +many of the unhappy Belgians have taken refuge in Holland; a +considerable number have found an asylum in this country. They are +homeless and ruined; if the war were to end to-morrow, many of them +would not know where to go or how to live. Families have been broken up; +husbands and wives, parents and children, are ignorant of each other's +fate. In this picture we see a crowd of children, herded together like a +flock of sheep, with nobody to take care of them. Their _via dolorosa_ +is marked by long rows of crosses on either side, emblems of suffering, +death, and sacrifice. In the distance rise the smoke and flames from one +of the innumerable incendiary fires which the Germans, like the cruel +banditti of the Middle Ages, have kindled wherever they go. + + THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S. + +[Illustration: KREUZLAND, KREUZLAND UeBER ALLES + +BELGIUM, 1914: "Where are our fathers?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE EX-CONVICT + +Prussia in every war has betrayed that peculiar mark of barbarism +consisting in using the intellectual weapons of a superior, but not +knowing how to use them. It is still a matter of mystery to the +directing Prussian mind why the sinking of the _Lusitania_ should have +shocked the world. A submarine cannot take a prize into port. The +_Lusitania_ happened to be importing goods available in war, therefore +the _Lusitania_ must be sunk. All the penumbrae of further consideration +which the civilized man weighs escape this sort of logic. Similarly, the +Prussian argues, if an armed man is prepared to surrender, convention +decrees that his life should be spared. Therefore, if an armed man be +just fresh from the murder of a number of children, he has but to cry +"Kamerad" to be perfectly safe. And Prussia foams at the mouth with +indignation whenever this strict rule of conduct is forgotten in the +heat of the moment. The use of poison in the field which Prussia for the +first time employed (and reluctantly compelled her civilized opponents +to reply to) is in the same boat. A shell bursts because solid explosive +becomes gaseous. To use shell which in bursting wounds and kills men is +to use gas in war; therefore if one uses gas in the other form of +poison, disabling one's opponent with agony, it is all one. Precisely +the same barbaric use of logic--which reminds one of the antics of an +animal imitating human gestures--will later apply to the poisoning of +water supplies, or the spreading of an epidemic. It is soldierly and +excites no contempt or indignation to strike at your enemy with a sword +or shoot a pellet of lead at him in such a fashion that he dies. What is +all this foolish pother about killing him with bacilli in his cisterns +or with a drop of poison in his tea? Men in war have burned groups of +houses with the torch in anger or for revenge. Why distinguish between +that and the methodical sprinkling of petroleum from a hose by one gang +and the equally methodical burning of the whole town house by house with +little capsules of prepared incendiary stuff? The rule always +applies--but only against the opponent: never to one's self. From that +attitude of mind the Prussian will never emerge. We shall, please God, +see that mood in all its beauty in later stages of the war, when the +coercion of the Prussian upon his own soil leads to acts indefensible by +Prussian logic. We have already had a taste of this sort of reasoning +when the royalties fled from Karlsruhe and when the murderers upon the +sinking Zeppelin received the reward due to men who boast that they will +not keep faith. + + HILAIRE BELLOC. + +[Illustration: THE EX-CONVICT + +"I was a 'lifer,' but they found I had many abilities for bringing +civilization amongst our neighbours, so now I am a soldier."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +MISS CAVELL + +Most of the English caricaturists are much too complimentary to the +German Emperor. They draw his moustaches, but not his face. Now his +moustaches are exactly what he, or the whole Prussian school he +represents, particularly wishes us to look at. They give him the fierce +air of a fighting cock; and however little we may like fierceness, there +will always be a certain residual respect for fighting, even in a cock. +Now the Junker moustache is a fake; almost as much so as if it were +stuck on with gum. It is, as Mr. Belloc has remarked, curled in a +machine all night lest it should hang down. Raemaekers, in the sketch +which shows the Kaiser as waiting for Nurse Cavell's death to say, "Now +you can bring me the American protest," has gone behind the moustache to +the face, and behind the face to the type and the spirit. The Emperor is +not commanding in a lordly voice from a throne, but with a leer and +behind a curtain. In the few lines of the lean, unnatural face is +written the real history of the Hohenzollerns, the kind of history not +often touched on in our comfortable English humour, but common to the +realism of Continental art: the madness of Frederick William, the +perversion of Frederick the Great, the hint, mingled with subtler +talents, of the mere idiocy that seems to have flowered again in the +last heir of that inhuman house. The Hohenzollerns have varied from +generation to generation in many things and like many families; some of +them have been tyrants, some of them geniuses, some of them merely +boobies; but they have shared in something more than that hereditary +policy which has been the poison in Christendom for two hundred years. +There is a ghost who inhabits these perishing tenements, and in such a +picture as this of Raemaekers men can see it looking out of the eyes. +And it is neither the spirit of a tyrant nor of a booby; but the spirit +of a sly invalid. + + G. K. CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: MISS CAVELL + +WILLIAM: "Now you can bring me the American protest."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE HOSTAGES + +Ay', boy--you may well ask. + +And the world asks also, and in due time will exact an answer to the +last drop of innocent blood. + +What have you done? + +You have fallen into the hands of the most scientifically organized +barbarism the world has ever seen, or, please God, ever will see--to +whom, of deliberate choice, such words as truth, honour, mercy, justice, +have become dead letters, by reason of the pernicious doctrines on which +the race has been nourished--by which its very soul has been poisoned. + +Dead letters?--worn-out rags, the very virtues they once represented, +even in Germany, long since flung to the dust-heaps of the past in the +soulless scramble for power and a place in the sun which no one denied +her. + +Deliberately, and of malice prepense, the military caste of Prussia has +taught, and the unhappy common-folk have accepted, that as a nation they +are past all that kind of thing. There is only one right in the +world--the might of the strongest. The weak to the wall! Make way for +the Hun, whose god is power, and his high-priests the Kaiser and the +Krupps. + +And so, every nation, even the smallest, on whom the eye of the Minotaur +has settled in baleful desire, has said, "Better to die fighting than +fall into the hands of the devil!" And they have fought--valiantly, and +saved their souls alive, though their bodies may have been crushed out +of existence by overwhelming odds. As nations, however, they shall rise +again, and with honour, when their treacherous torturers have been +crushed in their turn. + +And, wherever the evil tide has welled over a land, indemnities, +incredible and unreasonable, have been exacted, and hostages for their +payment, and for good behaviour under the yoke meanwhile, have been +taken. + +Woe unto such! In many cases they have simply been shot in cold +blood--murdered as brazenly as by any Jack-the-Ripper. Murder, too, of +the most despicable--murder for gain--the gain that should accrue +through the brutal terrorism of the act and its effect on the rest. + +And, if deemed advisable to gloss the crime with some thin veneer of +imitation justice for the--unsuccessful--hoodwinking of a shocked and +astounded world, what easier than an unseen shot in some obscure corner +from a German rifle? Then--"Death to the hostages!--destruction to the +village!--a fine of L100,000 on the town!" + +Those provocative shots from German rifles have surely been the most +profitably engineered basenesses in the whole war. They have +justified--but in German eyes only--every committable crime, and they +cost nothing--except the souls of their perpetrators. + +"It's your money we want--and your land--and your property--and, if +necessary, your lives! You are weak--we are strong--and so----!" That is +the simple Credo of the Hun. + +But for all these things there shall come a day of reckoning and the +account will be a heavy one. + +May it be exacted to the full--from the rightful debtors! + +"What have you done?" You have at all events put the rope round the +necks of your murderers, and the whole world's hands are at the other +end of it. + + JOHN OXENHAM. + +[Illustration: THE HOSTAGES + +"Father, what have we done?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +KING ALBERT'S ANSWER TO THE POPE + +The war has been singularly barren of heroic figures, perhaps because +the magnitude of the events has called forth such a multitude of +individually heroic acts that no one can be placed before the rest; yet, +when this greatest phase of history comes to be written down with +historic perspective, one figure--that of King Albert of Belgium--will +stand as that of a twentieth-century Bayard, a great knight without fear +and without reproach. + +Action on such far-flung lines as those of the European conflict has +called for no great leaders in the sense in which that phrase has +applied to previous wars; no Napoleon has arisen, though William +Hohenzollern has aspired to Napoleonic dignity; war has become more +mechanical, more a matter of mathematics--and the barbarians of Germany +have made it more horrible. But, as if to accentuate German brutality +and crime, this figure of King Albert stands emblematic of the virtues +in which civilization is rooted; to the broken word of Germany it +opposes untarnished honour; to the treacherous spirit of Germany it +opposes inviolable truth; to the relentless selfishness of Germany it +opposes the vicarious sacrifice of self, of a whole country and nation +for the sake of a principle. And, in later days, men will remember how +this truly great king held steadfastly to the little portion of his +kingdom that the invasion left him; how he remained to inspirit his men +by noble example, stubbornly rejecting peace without honour, and +holding, when all else was wrecked, to the remnants of that army which +saved Europe in the gateway of Liege. Amid violation, desecration, and +destruction, Albert of Belgium has won imperishable fame. + + E. CHARLES VIVIAN. + +[Illustration: KING ALBERT'S ANSWER TO THE POPE + +"With him who broke his word, devastated my country, burned my villages, +destroyed my towns, desecrated my churches, and murdered my people, I +will not make peace before he is expelled from my country and punished +for his crimes."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE GAS FIEND + +There is an order of minds that intuitively distrusts Science, detracts +from the force of her achievements, and contends that devotion to +machinery ends by making men machines. Many who argue thus have fastened +on Germany's new war inventions as proof that Science makes for +materialism and opposes the higher values of humanity and culture. + +This is special pleading, for against the destructive forces discovered +and liberated by German chemists in this war, one has only to consider +the vast amelioration of human life for which modern science has to be +thanked. Because art has been created to evil purpose, shall we condemn +pictures or statues? Because the Germans have employed gas poisons in +warfare, are we to condemn the incalculable gifts of organic chemistry? + +Look at the eye of Louis Raemaekers' snake. That is the answer. It is +the force behind this application of it that has brought German Science +to shame. A precious branch of human knowledge has been prostituted by +lust of blood and greed of gain until Science, in common with all +learning, comes simply to be regarded by the masters of Germany as one +more weapon in the armoury, one more power to help win "The Day." Every +culture is treated in their alembic for the same purpose. + +We may picture the series of experiments that went to perfection of +their poison gas; we may see their Higher Command watching the death of +guinea-pig, rabbit, and ape with increasing excitement and enthusiasm as +the hideous effects of their discovery became apparent. Be sure an iron +cross quickly hung over the iron heart that conceived and developed this +filthy arm; for does it not offer the essence--quintessence of all +"frightfulness?" Does it not challenge every human nerve-centre by its +horror? Does it not, once proclaimed, by anticipation awake those very +emotions of dread and dismay that make the stroke more fatal when it +falls? + +These people pictured their snake paralyzing the enemy into frozen +impotence; the floundering Prussian psychology that cuts blocks with a +razor and regards German mind as the measure of all mind, anticipated +that poison gas would appeal to British and French as it has appealed to +them. But it was not so. Their foresight gave them an initial success in +the field; it slew a handful of men with additions of unspeakable +agony--and rekindled the execration and contempt of Civilization. + +As an arm, poison gas cannot be considered conspicuously successful, +since it is easily encountered; but for the Allies it had some value, +since it weighted appreciably the scale against Germany in neutral minds +and added to the universal loathing astir at the heart of the world. +Only fear now holds any kingdom neutral: there is not an impartial +nation left on earth. + + EDEN PHILLPOTTS. + +[Illustration: THE GAS FIEND] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE GERMAN TANGO + +A blond woman, wearing the Imperial crown and with her hair braided in +pigtails like a German _backfisch_, is whirling in the tango with a +skeleton partner. Her face is livid with terror and fatigue, her limbs +are drooping, but she is held by inexorable bony claws. On the feet of +the skeleton are dancing pumps, a touch which adds to the grimness. This +ghoulish dance does not lack its element of ghastly ceremonial. + +The Dance of Death has long been the theme of the moralist in art, from +Orcagna's fresco on the walls of the Campo Santo at Pisa to Holbein's +great woodcuts and our own Rowlandson. In Germany especially have these +_macabre_ imaginings flourished. The phantasmagoria of decay has haunted +German art, as it haunted Poe, from Duerer to Boecklin. But the mediaeval +Dance of Death was stately allegory, showing the pageant of life brooded +over by the shadow of mortality. In M. Raemaekers' cartoon there is no +dignity, no lofty resignation. He shows Death summoned in a mad caprice +and kept as companion till the revel becomes a whirling horror. + +It is the profoundest symbol of the war. In a hot fit of racial pride +Death has been welcomed as an ally. And the dance on which Germany +enters is no stately minuet with something of tragic dignity in it. It +is a common modern vulgar shuffle, a thing of ugly gestures and violent +motions, the true sport of degenerates. Once begun there is no halting. +From East to West and from West to East the dancers move. There is no +rest, for Death is a pitiless comrade. From such a partner, lightly and +arrogantly summoned, there can be no parting. The traveller seeks a +goal, but the dancers move blindly and aimlessly among the points of the +compass. Death, when called to the dance, claims eternal possession. + + JOHN BUCHAN. + +[Illustration: THE GERMAN TANGO + +"From East to West and West to East I dance with thee!"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE ZEPPELIN TRIUMPH + +When the future historian gives to another age his account of all that +is included in German "frightfulness," there is no feature upon which he +will dilate more emphatically than the extraordinary use made by the +enemy of their Zeppelin fleet. In the experience we have gained in the +last few months we discover that the Zeppelins are not employed--or, at +all events, not mainly employed--for military purposes, but in order to +shake the nerves of the non-combatant population. The history of the +last few Zeppelin raids in England is quite sufficient testimony to this +fact. London is bombarded, although it is an open city, and a large +amount of damage is done to buildings wholly unconnected with the +purposes of the war. The persons who are killed are not soldiers, they +are civilians; the buildings destroyed are not munition works, but +dwelling-houses, and some of the points of attack are theatres. + +The same thing has happened in the provinces. In the last raid over the +Midlands railway stations were destroyed, some breweries were injured, +but, with exceedingly few exceptions, munition works and factories for +the production of arms were untouched. Here again the victims are not +either soldiers or sailors, or even workmen employed in turning out +instruments of war, but peaceable citizens and a large proportion of +women and children. + +Some such act of brutality is illustrated in the accompanying cartoon. A +private house has been attacked, the mother has been killed, the father +and child are left desolate. The little daughter at her father's knee, +who cannot understand why guiltless people should suffer, asks the +importunate question whether her mother had done anything wrong to +deserve so terrible a fate. To the childish mind it seems +incomprehensible that aimless and indiscriminate murder should fall on +the guiltless. + +Indeed the mother had done no wrong. She only happened to belong to one +of the nations who are struggling against a barbaric tyranny. In that +reckless crusade which the Central Powers are waging against all the +higher laws of morality and civilization, some of the heaviest of the +blows fall on the defenceless. It is this appalling inhumanity, this +godless desire to maim and wound and kill, which nerves the arms of the +Allies, who know that in a case like this they are fighting for freedom +and for the Divine laws of mercy and loving-kindness. + +And it is for the young especially that the war is being waged, young +boys and young girls like the motherless child in the picture, in order +that they may inherit a Europe which shall be free from the horrible +burden of German militarism, and be able to live useful lives in peace +and quietness. No, little girl, mother did no wrong! But _we_ should be +guilty of the deepest wrong if we did not avenge her death and that of +other similar victims by making such unparalleled crimes impossible +hereafter. + + W. L. COURTNEY. + +[Illustration: THE ZEPPELIN TRIUMPH + +"But Mother had done nothing wrong, had she, Daddy?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +KEEPING OUT THE ENEMY + +The Prussian turns everything to account, from the scrapings of the +pig-trough to the Austrian Emperor. + +The Bavarian lists, the Saxon lists, the Austrian lists--these are all +only indications of injuries to the Prussian's life-saving waistcoat. If +this war is to be a war to the last penny and the last man, the last +Austrian will die before the last Saxon, the last Saxon before the last +Bavarian, the last Bavarian before the last Prussian--and the last +Prussian will not die: he will live to clutch at the last penny. + +And the pity of it is that the Austrian is quite a good fellow, the +Saxon is a decent sort of man, the Bavarian is chiefly a brute in drink, +whilst the Prussian--we all know what the Prussian is, the black centre +of hardness, the incarnation of the shady trick, and the very complex +soul of mechanical efficiency. + +The Hohenzollern here makes a sandbag of the Hapsburg, of whom Fate has +already made a football. + +Fate has always been behind the Hapsburg for his own sins and those of +his house. She has made him kneel at last. + + H. DE VERE STACPOOLE. + +[Illustration: "You see how I manage to keep the enemy out of _my_ +country!"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE GERMAN OFFER + +The German claim--not the Austrian nor the Turk, for the alliance +following Germany is to be allowed little force--is that, the +civilization of Europe now being defeated, a Roman pride may be generous +to the fallen. Before modern Germany is routed, as may be seen in the +features of its citizens, the nobility of its public works, and the +admirable, restrained, and classic sense of its literature, this +generosity to a humbled world will take the form of letting nations, of +right independent, enjoy some measure of freedom under a German +suzerainty. In the matter of property the magnanimous descendants of +Frederick and William the Great will restore the machines which cannot +be wrenched from their concrete beds, and the walls of the +manufactories. More liquid property, such as jewellery, furniture, +pictures--and coin--it will be more difficult to trace. In any case, +Europe may breathe again, though with a shorter breath than it did +before Germany conquered at the Marne.... This is the majestic vision +which the subtle diplomats of Berlin present to the admiration of the +neutral Powers, happily free from wicked passions of war, and not +blinded, as are the British, French, Russians, Italians, Belgians, and +the Serbians, by petty spite. Their audience, their triple audience, is +part of Greece, some of the public of Spain, and sections of that of the +United States. To the French and the British armies in the West, to the +Russians in the East, and to the Italians upon their frontiers, the +terms appear insufficient. Therein would seem to lie the gravity of +Prussia's case. These belligerent Powers will go so far as to demand +more than the mere restoration of stolen property, from cottage +furniture to freedom. And their anger has risen so high that they even +propose to make the acquirer of these goods suffer very bitterly indeed. +What plea he will then raise under discomforts more serious than those +he has caused to the peasants of Flanders and of Poland, and how those +pleas will affect his neutral audience, will have no effect whatever on +the result of the war, or on his own unpleasing fate. Those appeals will +have a certain interest, however, because we know from the past that the +German mind is unstable. Within fifteen short months it proposed the +annihilation of the French armies and the occupation of Paris. It +failed. It next offered terms upon suffering defeat. It withdrew them. +It next made certain at least of a conquest of Russia, failed again, +offered terms again, withdrew them again; was directed to the blockading +of England, failed; thought Egypt better, and then changed its mind. It +was but yesterday in the mood that this cartoon suggests; to-morrow its +mood will have utterly changed again, probably to a whine, perhaps to a +scream. Such instability is rare in the history of nations which purpose +a conquest of others, and it is a very poor furniture for the mind. + + HILAIRE BELLOC. + +[Illustration: THE GERMAN: "If you will let me keep what I have, I will +let _you_ go."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE WOLF TRAP + +The wolf is not perhaps the beast by which one would most wish one's +country to be represented. But the wolf, like every animal when +defending its dearest, and when assailed with treachery, has its +nobility. And the Roman she-wolf certainly has had in all ages her +dignity and her force. + +"Thy nurse will hear no master, + Thy nurse will bear no load, +And woe to them that spear her, + And woe to them that goad. +When all the pack loud baying + Her bloody lair surrounds, +She dies in silence biting hard + Amidst the dying hounds." + +Italy certainly calls not only for our sympathy, but for our admiration. +She has had a very difficult course to steer. The ally for so long of +Germany and Austria, if owing them less and less as time went on, it was +difficult for her to break with them. But the day came when she had to +break with them, and once again "act for herself." She told them a year +ago she would be a party to no aggressive or selfish war, she would be +no bully's accomplice. She "denounced"--it is a good word--such a +compact. _Non haec in foedera veni._ + +Then it was, when the she-wolf showed her teeth, that they offered to +give her what was her own. But what would the Trentino be worth if +Germany and Austria were victorious? No, the wolf is right, "she must +fight for it," and behind Austria's underhanded treachery stands +Germany's open violence and guns. + +And Italy loves freedom. This war is a war made by her people. As of old +her King and her diplomats go with them in this new _Resorgimento_. And +the she-wolf must beware the trap. She needs the spirit again not only +of her people and of Garibaldi and of Victor Emmanuel, but of Cavour. +And she has it. + +The cartoon suggests all the elements of the situation. The wolf ponders +with turned head, half doubtful, half desperate. The poor little cub +whimpers pitifully. The hunters dissemble their craft, the trap waits in +the path ready to spring. It is not even concealed. Is that the irony of +the artist, or is it only due to the necessity of making his meaning +plain? Whichever it is, it is justified. + +HERBERT WARREN. + +[Illustration: THE WOLF TRAP + +"You would make me believe that I shall have my cub given back to me, +but I know I shall have to fight for it."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +AHASUERUS II. + +The legend of the Wandering Jew obsessed the imagination of the Middle +Age. The tale, which an Armenian bishop first told at the Abbey of St. +Albans, concerned a doorkeeper in the house of Pontius Pilate--or, as +some say, a shoemaker in Jerusalem--who insulted Christ on His way to +Calvary. He was told by Our Lord, "I will rest, but thou shalt go on +till the Last Day." Christendom saw the strange figure in many +places--at Hamburg and Leipsic and Lubeck, at Moscow and Madrid, even at +far Bagdad. Goodwives in the little mediaeval cities, hastening homeward +against the rising storm, saw a bent figure posting through the snow, +with haggard face and burning eyes, carrying his load of penal +immortality, and seeking in vain for "easeful death." There is a +profound metaphysic in such popular fancies. Good and evil are alike +eternal. Arthur and Charlemagne and Ogier the Dane are only sleeping and +will yet return to save their peoples; and the Wandering Jew staggers +blindly through the ages, seeking the rest which he denied to his Lord. + +In George Meredith's "Odes in Contribution to the Song of French +History" there is a famous passage on Napoleon. France, disillusioned at +last, + + "Perceives him fast to a harsher Tyrant bound; + Self-ridden, self-hunted, captive of his aim; + Material gradeur's ape, the Infernal's hound." + +That is the penalty of mortal presumption. The Superman who would +shatter the homely decencies of mankind and set his foot on the world's +neck is himself bound captive. He is the slave of the djinn whom he has +called from the unclean deeps. There can be no end to his quest. +Weariness does not bring peace, for the whips of the Furies are in his +own heart. + +The Wandering Jew of the Middle Age was a figure sympathetically +conceived. He had still to pay the price in his tortured body, but his +soul was at rest, for he had repented his folly. Raemaekers in his +cartoon follows the conception of Gustave Dore rather than that of the +old fabulists. The modern Ahasuerus has no surety of an eventual peace. +We have seen the German War Lord flitting hungrily from Lorraine to +Poland, from Flanders to Nish, watching the failure of his troops before +Nancy and Ypres, inditing grandiose proclamations to Europe, prophesying +a peace which never comes. He is a figure worthy of Greek tragedy. The +[Greek: hubris] which defied the gods has put him outside the homely +consolations of mankind. He has devoted his people to the Dance of +Death, and himself, like some new Orestes, can find no solace though he +seek it wearily in the four corners of the world. + + JOHN BUCHAN. + +[Illustration: AHASUERUS RETURNS + +"Once I drove the Christ out of my door, now I am doomed to walk from +the Northern Seas to the Southern, from the Western shores to the +Eastern mountains, asking for Peace, and none will give it to me."--From +the Legend of the "Wandering Jew"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +OUR CANDID FRIEND + +The position of Holland and Denmark is one of excruciating anxiety to +the citizens of those countries. They know that the Allies are fighting +the battle of their own political existence, but they are so hypnotized +with well-founded terror of the implacable tyrant on their flank that +they are not only bound to neutrality, but are afraid to express their +sympathies too plainly. Dutch editors have been admonished and punished +under pressure from Berlin; the brilliant artist of these cartoons is in +danger on his native soil. A leading German newspaper has lately +announced that "we will make Holland pay with interest for these insults +after the war." A German victory would inevitably be followed in a few +years by the disappearance from the map of this gallant and interesting +little nation, our plucky rival in time past, our honoured friend +to-day. No nation has established a stronger claim to maintain its +independence, whether we consider the heroic and successful struggles of +the Dutch for religious and political liberty, their triumphs in +discovery, colonization, and naval warfare, their unique contributions +to art, or the manly and vigorous character of their people. It is +needless to say that we have no designs upon any Dutch colony! + + THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S. + +[Illustration: OUR CANDID FRIEND + +GERMANY, TO HOLLAND: "I shall have to swallow you up, if only to prevent +those English taking your colonies."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +PEACE AND INTERVENTION + +Here is pictured a grim fact that the Peace cranks would do well to see +plainly. The surgeon who is operating on a cancer case cannot allow +himself to be satisfied with merely the removal of the visible growth +which is causing such present agony to the patient. He must cut and cut +deep, must go beyond even the visible roots of the disease, slice down +into the clear, firm flesh to make sure and doubly sure that he has cut +away the last fragment of the tainted tissues. Only by doing so can he +reasonably hope to prevent a recurrence of the disease and the necessity +of another operation in the years to come. And so only by carrying on +this war until the last and least possibility of the taint of militarism +remaining in the German system is removed can the Allies be satisfied +that their task is complete. Modern surgery has through anaesthetics +taken away from a patient the physical pain of most operations, but +modern War affords no relief during its operation. That, however, can be +held as no excuse for refusing to "use the knife." What would be said of +the surgeon who, because an operation--a life-saving operation--was +causing at the time even the utmost agony, stayed his hand, patched up +the wound, was content only to stop the momentary pain, and to leave +firm-rooted a disease which in all human probability would some time +later break out again in all its virulence? What would be said of such a +surgeon is only in lesser degree what would be said by posterity of the +Allies if they consented or were persuaded to apply the bandage and +healing herbs of Peace to the disease of Militarism, to make a surface +cure and leave the living tentacles of the disease to grow again deep +and strong. But here at least the doctors do not disagree. Once and for +all the Ally surgeons mean to make an end to Militarism. The sooner the +Peace cranks and Germany realize that the sooner the operation will be +over. + + BOYD CABLE. + +[Illustration: PEACE AND INTERVENTION--GERMAN MILITARISM ON THE +OPERATING-TABLE + +"For the sake of the world's future we must first use the knife."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD + +If you wish to see the position of Holland look at the map of Europe as +it was before August 4, 1914, and the map of Europe as it is to-day. + +In 1914 Holland lay overshadowed by the vast upper jaw-bone of a +monster--Prussia--a jaw-bone reaching from the Dollart to +Aix-la-Chapelle. + +In August and September, 1914, Prussia, by the seizure of Belgium, +developed a lower jaw-bone reaching from Aix-la-Chapelle to Cassandria +on the West Schelde. To-day Holland lies gripped between these two +formidable mandibles that are ready and waiting to close and crush her. +For years and years Prussia has been waiting to devour Holland. Why? For +the simple reason that Holland is rich in the one essential thing that +Prussia lacks--coast-line. + +Look again at the map and see how Holland and Belgium together +absolutely wall Prussia in from the sea. Belgium has been taken on by +Prussia; if we do not tear that lower jaw from Prussia, Holland will be +lost, and the sea-power of England threatened with destruction. + +The ruffian with the automatic pistol waiting behind the tree requires +the life as well as the basket of the little figure advancing toward +him. + +He has been in ambush for forty years. + + H. DE VERE STACPOOLE. + +[Illustration: LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD + +Germany lying in wait for Holland.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE SEA MINE + +When Raemaekers pictures Von Tirpitz to us, he does so with savage +scorn. He is not the hard-bitten pirate of story--but a senile, +crapulous, lachrymose imbecile; an object of derision. He fits more with +one of Jacob's tales of longshore soakers, than with the tragedies that +have made him infamous. But when he draws Von Tirpitz's victims, the +touch is one of almost harrowing tenderness. The Hun is a master of many +modes of killing, but however torn, or twisted, or tortured he leaves +the murdered, Raemaekers can make the dreadful spectacle bearable by the +piercing dignity with which he portrays the dead. In none of these +cartoons is his _saeva indignatio_ rendered with more sheer beauty of +design, or with a craftsmanship more exquisite, than in this monument to +the sea-mined prey. The symbolism is perfect, and of the essence of the +design. The dead sink slowly to their resting-place, but the merciful +twilight of the sea veils from us the glazed horror of the eyes that no +piety can now close. Even the dumb, senseless fish shoots from the scene +in mute and terrified protest, while from these poor corpses there rise +surfaceward the silver bubbles of their expiring breath. One seems to +see crying human souls prisoned in these spheres. And it is, indeed, +such sins as these that cry to Heaven for vengeance. Blood-guiltiness +must rest upon the heads of those that do them, upon the heads of their +children--aye, and of their children's children too. This exquisite and +tender drawing is something more than the record of inexpiable crime. It +is a prophecy. And the prophecy is a curse. + + ARTHUR POLLEN. + +[Illustration: THE SEA MINE] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"SEDUCTION" + +The cartoon in which the Prussian is depicted as saying to his bound and +gagged victim, "Ain't I a lovable fellow?" is one of the most pointed +and vital of all pictorial, or indeed other, criticisms on the war. It +is very important to note that German savagery has not interfered at all +with German sentimentalism. The blood of the victim and the tears of the +victor flow together in an unpleasing stream. The effect on a normal +mind of reading some of the things the Germans say, side by side with +some of the things they do, is an impression that can quite truly be +conveyed only in the violent paradox of the actual picture. It is +exactly like being tortured by a man with an ugly face, which we slowly +realize to be contorted in an attempt at an affectionate expression. In +those soliloquies of self-praise which have constituted almost the whole +of Prussia's defence in the international controversy, the brigand of +the Belgian annexation has incessantly said that his apparent hardness +is the necessary accompaniment of his inherent strength. Nietzsche said: +"I give you a new commandment: Be hard." And the Prussian says: "I am +hard," in a prompt and respectful manner. But, as a matter of fact, he +is not hard; he is only heavy. He is not indifferent to all feelings; he +is only indifferent to everybody else's feelings. At the thought of his +own virtues he is always ready to burst into tears. His smiles, however, +are even more frequent and more fatuous than his tears; and they are all +leers like that which Mr. Raemaekers has drawn on the face of the +expansive Prussian officer in the arm-chair. Compared with such an +exhibition, there is something relatively virile about the tiger cruelty +which has occasionally defaced the record of the Spaniard or the Arab. +But to be conquered by such Germans as these would be like being eaten +by slugs. + + G. K. CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: SEDUCTION + +"Ain't I a lovable fellow?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +MURDER ON THE HIGH SEAS + +The recent descent of so many of her citizens from the people now +warring in Europe has of necessity prevented America from looking on +events in Europe with a single eye. But the predominant American type +and the predominant American frame of mind are still typified by the +lithe and sinuous figure of the New England pioneer. It is his tradition +to mind his own business, but it is also his business to see that none +of the old monarchies make free with his rights or with his people. And +he stands for a race that has been cradled in wars with savages. No one +knows better the methods of the Apache and the Mohawk, and when women +and children fall into such pitiless hands as these, it goes against the +grain with Uncle Sam to keep his hands off them, even if the women and +children are not his own. He would like to be indifferent if he could. +He would prefer to smoke his cigar, and pass along, and believe those +who tell him that it is none of his affair. But when he does look--and +he cannot help looking--he sees a figure of such heavy bestiality that +his gorge rises. He must keep his hands clenched in his pockets lest he +soils them in striking down the blood-stained gnome before him. + +Can he restrain himself for good? That angry glint in his eye would make +one doubt it. Here, surely, the artist sees with a truer vision than the +politician. And if Uncle Sam's anger does once get the better of him, if +doubts and hesitations are ever thrust on one side, if he takes his +stand where his record and his sympathies must make him wish to be, then +let it be noted that this base butcher stands dazed and paralyzed by the +threat. + + ARTHUR POLLEN. + +[Illustration: MURDER ON THE HIGH SEAS + +"Well, have you nearly done?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +AD FINEM + +Ay--to your end!--to your end amid the execrations of a ravaged world! +Through all the ages one other only has equalled you in the betrayal of +his trust. May your sin come home to you before you go, as did his! May +his despair be yours! It is most desperately to be regretted that no +personal suffering on your part, in this life at all events, can ever +adequately requite you for the desolations you have wrought. + + Outrage on outrage thunders to the sky + The tale of thy stupendous infamy,-- + Thy slaughterings,--thy treacheries,--thy thefts,-- + Thy broken pacts,--thy honour in the mire,-- + Thy poor humanity cast off to sate thy pride;-- + 'Twere better thou hadst never lived,--or died + Ere come to this. + + I heard a great Voice pealing through the heavens, + A Voice that dwarfed earth's thunders to a moan:-- + + Woe! Woe! Woe, to him by whom this came! + His house shall unto him be desolate + And, to the end of time, his name shall be + A by-word and reproach in all the lands + He repined.... And his own shall curse him + For the ruin that he brought. + Who without reason draws the sword-- + By sword shall perish! + The Lord hath said ... _So be it, Lord!_ + + JOHN OXENHAM. + +[Illustration: TO THE END + +WAR AND HUNGER: "Now you must accompany us to the end." + +THE KAISER: "Yes, to my end."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"U'S" + +It is the essence of great cartooning to see things simply, and to +command the technical resources that shall show the things, so simply +seen, in an infinite variety of aspects. No series of Raemaekers' +drawing better exemplifies his quality in both these respects than those +which deal with Germany's sea crimes. + +In the cartoon before us the immediate message is of the simplest. The +Kaiser counts the head of British merchantmen sunk. Von Tirpitz counts +the cost. But note the subtlety of the personation and environment. The +Kaiser has those terrible haunted eyes that have marked the seer's +presentment of him from quite an early stage of the war. There can be no +ultimate escape from the dreadful vision that has set the seal of +despair on this fine and handsome visage. He is shown, not as a sea +monster, but as some rabid, evasive, impatient thing, dashing from point +to point--as from policy to policy--with the angry swish that tells the +unspoken anger failure everywhere compels. For the victories do not +bring surrender, nor does frightfulness inspire terror. The merchant +ships still put to sea--and the U boats pay the penalty. + +The futility of this campaign of murder is typified by making Von +Tirpitz, its inventor, an addle-headed seahorse, the nursery comedian of +the sea. Stupid and ridiculous bewilderment stares from his foolish +eyes. Another submarine has failed to find a safe victim in a trading +ship, but has been hoisted with its own sea petard. The impotence of the +thing! + +This conference of the Admirals of the Atlantic, held in the sombre +depths, is a biting satire, in its mingled comedy and tragedy, on the +effort to win command of the sea from its bottom. + + ARTHUR POLLEN. + +[Illustration: "U'S" + +HIS MAJESTY: "Well, Tripitz, you've sunk a great many?" + +TIRPITZ: "Yes, sire, here is another 'U' coming down."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +MATER DOLOROSA + + You thought to grasp the world; but you shall keep + Its crown of curses nailed upon your brow. + You that have fouled the purple, broke your vow, + And sowed the wind of death, the whirlwind you shall reap. + + Shout to your tribal god to bless the blood + Of this red vintage on the poisoned earth; + Clash cymbals to him, leap and shout in mirth; + Call on his name to stay the coming, cleansing flood. + + We are no hounds of heaven, nor ravening band + Of earthly wolves to tear your kingdom down. + We stand for human reason; at our frown + The coward sword shall fall from your accursed hand. + + We do not speak of vengeance; there shall run + No little children's blood beneath our heel. + No pregnant woman suffers from our steel; + But Justice we shall do, as sure as set of sun. + + Or short, or long, the pathway of your feet, + Stamped on the faces of the innocent dead, + Must lead where tyrant's road hath ever led. + Alone, O perjured soul, your Justice you shall meet. + + No sacrifice the balance of her scale + Can win; no gift of blood and iron can weigh + Against this one mad mother's agony: + In her demented cry a myriad women wail. + + The equinox of outraged earth shall blaze + And flash its levin on your infamous might. + Man cries to fellow-man; light leaps to light, + Till foundered, naked, spent, you vanish from our gaze. + + EDEN PHILLPOTTS. + +[Illustration: MATER DOLOROSA] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"GOTT STRAFE ITALIEN!" + +When Italy, still straining at the leash which held her, helpless, to +the strange and unnatural Triplice, began to show signs of awakening +consciousness, Germany's efforts to lull her back to the unhappy +position of silent partner in the world-crime were characteristic of her +methods. Forthwith Italy was loaded with compliments. The country was +overrun with "diplomats," which is another name in Germany for spies. +Bribery of the most brazen sort was attempted. The newspapers recalled +in chorus that Italy was the land of art and chivalry, of song and +heroism, of fabled story and manly effort, of honour and loyalty. Hark +to the _Hamburger Fremdenblatt_ of February 21, 1915: + +"The suggestion is made that Italy favours the Allies. Preposterous! +Even though the palsied hand of England--filled with robber gold--be +held out to her, Italy's vows, Italy's sense of obligation, Italy's +_word once given_, can never be broken. Such a nation of noblemen could +have no dealings with hucksters." + +Germany is, indeed, a fine judge of a nation's "word once given" and a +nation's "vows," which its Chancellor unblushingly declared to be mere +scraps of paper. Now let us see what the _Hamburger Nachrichten_ had to +say about Italy immediately after her secession from the Triple +Alliance: "_Nachrichten_, June 1, 1915. That Italy should have joined +hands with the other noble gentlemen, our enemies, is but natural. It +would, of course, be absurd--where all are brigands--were the classical +name of brigandage not included in the number.... We do not propose to +soil our clean steel with the blood of such filthy Italian scum. With +our cudgels we shall smash them into pulp." + +_"Gott strafe Italien"_ indeed! Bombs on St. Mark's in Venice, on the +Square of Verona, on world treasures unreplaceable. The poisoned breath +of Germany carries its venom into the land of sunshine and song, whose +best day's work in history has been to wrest itself free from the grip +of the false friend. + + RALPH D. BLUMENFELD. + +[Illustration: "GOTT STRAFE ITALIEN!"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +SERBIA + +Serbia has suffered the fate of Belgium. Germany and Austria, with +Bulgaria's aid, have plunged another little country "in blood and +destruction." Another "bleeding piece of earth" bears witness to the +recrudescence of the ancient barbarism of the Huns. Serbia's wounds, + + "Like dumb mouths, + Do ope their ruby lips," + +to beg for vengeance on "these butchers." Turkey, whom the artist +portrays as a hound lapping up the victim's blood, is fated to share the +punishment for the crime. But the prime instigator is the German +Emperor, whose Chancellor, with bitter irony, claims for his master the +title of protector of the small nationalities of Europe. Herr von +Bethmann-Hollweg can on occasion affect the mincing accents of the wolf +when that beast seeks to lull the cries of the lamb in its clutches. The +German method of waging war has rendered "dreadful objects so familiar" +that the essential brutality of the enemy's activities runs a risk of +escaping at times the strenuous denunciation which Justice demands. But +the searching pencil of Mr. Raemaekers brings home to every seeing eye +the true and unvarying character of Teutonic "frightfulness." All +instincts of humanity are cynically defied on the specious ground of +military necessity. Mr. Raemaekers is at one with Milton in repudiating +the worthless plea: + + "So spake the fiend, and with necessity, + The tyrant's plea, excused his devilish deeds." + + SIR SIDNEY LEE. + +[Illustration: OCTOBER IN SERBIA + +The Austro-German-Bulgarian attack on Serbia began in October, which in +Holland is called the "butcher's month," as the cattle are then killed +preparatory to the winter.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +JUST A MOMENT--I'M COMING + +Here is a drawing that ought to be circulated broadcast throughout +Australia and New Zealand, that ought to hold a place of honour on the +walls of their public chambers; should hang in gilded frames in the +houses of the rich; be pinned to the rough walls of frame-house and bark +humpy in every corner of "The Outback." It should thrill the heart of +every man, woman, and child Down Under with pride and thankfulness and +satisfaction, should even bring soothing balm to the wounds of those who +in the loss of their nearest and dearest have paid the highest and the +deepest price for the flaming glory of the Anzacs in Gallipoli. + +Here in the artist's pencil is a monument to those heroes greater than +pinnacles of marble, of beaten brass and carven stone; a monument that +has travelled over the world, has spoken to posterity more clearly, more +convincingly, and more rememberingly than ever written or word-of-mouth +speech could do. It is to the everlasting honour of the people of the +Anzacs that they refrained from echoing the idle tales which ran +whispering in England that the Dardanelles campaign was a cruel blunder, +that the blood of the Anzacs' bravest and best had been uselessly spilt, +that their splendid young lives had been an empty sacrifice to the +demons of Incompetence and Inefficiency. To those in Australia who in +their hearts may feel that shreds of truth were woven in the +rumours--that the Anzacs were spent on a forlorn hope, were wasted on a +task foredoomed to failure--let this simple drawing bring the comfort of +the truth. + +The artist has seen deeper and further than most. The Turkish armies +held from pouring on Russia and Serbia, from thumping down the scales of +neutrality in Greece and Roumania perhaps, from massing their troops +with the Central Powers; the Kaiser chained on the East and West for the +critical months when men and munitions were desperately lacking to the +Allies, when the extra weight of the Turks might have freed the Kaiser's +power of fierce attack on East and West this is what we already know, +what the artist here tells the wide world of the part played by the +heroes of the Dardanelles. In face of this, who dare hint they suffered +and died in vain? + + BOYD CABLE. + +[Illustration: "JUST A MOMENT--I'M COMING."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE HOLY WAR + +Surely the artist when he drew this was endowed with the wisdom of the +seer, the vision of the prophet. For it was drawn before the days in +which I write, before the Russian giant had proved his greatness on the +body of the Turk, before the bludgeon-strokes in the Caucasus, the +heart-thrust of Erzerum, the torrent of pursuit of the broken Turks to +Mush and Trebizond. + +We know--and I am grateful for the chance to voice our gratitude to +him--the greatness of our Russian Ally. We remember the early days when +the Kaiser's hosts were pouring in over France, and the Russian thrust +into Galicia drew some of the overwhelming weight from the Western +Front. We realize now the nobility of self-sacrifice that flung an army +within reach of the jaws of destruction, that risked its annihilation to +draw upon itself some of the sword-strokes that threatened to pierce to +the heart of the West. Our national and natural instinct of admiration +for a hard fighter, and still greater admiration for the apex of good +sportmanship, for the friend or foe who can "take a licking," who is a +"good loser," went out even more strongly to Russia in the dark days +when, faced by an overwhelming weight of metal, she was forced and +hammered and battered back, losing battle-line after battle-line, +stronghold after stronghold, city after city; losing everything except +heart and dogged punishment-enduring courage. + +And how great the Russian truly is will surely be known presently to the +Turk and to the masquerading false "Prophet of Allah." + +"No one is great save Allah," says William, and even as the Turk spoke +more truly than he knew in calling the Russian great, even as he was +bitterly to realize the greatness, so in the fullness of time must +William come to realize how great is the Allah of the Moslem, the +Christian God Whom he has blasphemed, and in Whose name he and his +people have perpetrated so many crimes and abominations. + + BOYD CABLE. + +[Illustration: THE HOLY WAR + +THE TURK: "But he is so great." + +WILLIAM: "No one is great, save Allah, and I am his prophet."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +GOTT MIT UNS + +When we consider the public utterances of the German clergy, we can very +easily substitute for their symbol of Christian faith this malignant, +grotesque, and inhuman monster of Louis Raemaekers. Indeed, our +inclination is to thrust the green demon himself into the pulpit of the +Fatherland; for his wrinkled skull could hatch and his evil mouth utter +no more diabolic sentiments than those recorded and applauded from +Lutheran Leipsic, or from the University and the chief Protestant pulpit +in Berlin. + +Such sermons are a part of that national _debacle_ of reasoning faculty +which is the price intellectual Germany has paid for the surrender of +her soul to Prussia. + +An example or two may be cited from the outrageous mass. + +Professor Rheinhold Seeby, who teaches theology at Berlin University, +has described his nation's achievements in Belgium and Serbia as a work +of charity, since Germany punishes other States for their good and out +of love. Pastor Philippi, also of Berlin, has said that, as God allowed +His only Son to be crucified, that His scheme of redemption might be +accomplished, so Germany, God with her, must crucify humanity in order +that its ultimate salvation may be secured; and the Teutonic nation has +been chosen to perform this task, because Germany alone is pure and, +therefore, a fitting instrument for the Divine Hand. Satan, who has +returned to earth in the shape of England, must be utterly destroyed, +while the immoral friends and allies of Satan are called to share his +fate. Thus evil will be swept off the earth and the German Empire +henceforth stand supreme protector of the new kingdom of righteousness. +Pastor Zoebel has ordered no compromise with hell; directed his flock to +be pleased at the sufferings of the enemy; and bade them rejoice when +thousands of the non-elect are sent to the bottom of the sea. + +Yes, we will give the green devil his robe and bands until Germany is in +her strait-jacket; after which experience, her conceptions of a Supreme +Being and her own relation thereto may become modified. + + EDEN PHILLPOTTS. + +[Illustration: "GOTT MIT UNS"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM + +This deeply pathetic picture evokes the memory of many sad and patient +faces which we have seen during the last eighteen months. It is the +women, after all--wives, mothers, sisters, and daughters--who have the +heaviest load to bear in war-time. + +The courage and heroism which they have shown are an honour to human +nature. The world is richer for it; and the sacrifices which they have +bravely faced and nobly borne may have a greater effect in convincing +mankind of the wickedness and folly of aggressive militarism than all +the eloquence of peace advocates. + +We must not forget that the war has made about six German widows for +every one in our country. With these we have no quarrel; we know that +family affection is strong in Germany, and we are sorry for them. They, +like our own suffering women, are the victims of a barbarous ideal of +national glory, and a worse than barbarous perversion of patriotism, +which in our opponents has become a kind of moral insanity. + +These pictures will remain long after the war-passion has subsided. They +will do their part in preventing a recrudescence of it. Who that has +ever clamoured for war can face the unspoken reproach in these pitiful +eyes? Who can think unmoved of the happy romance of wedded love, so +early and so sadly terminated? + + THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S. + +[Illustration: THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE HARVEST IS RIPE + +The artist spreads before you a view such as you would have on the great +wheat-growing plains of Hungary, or on the level plateau of Asiatic +Turkey--the vast, unending, monotonous, undivided field of corn. In the +background the view is interrupted by two villages from which great +clouds of flame and smoke are rising--they are both on fire--and as you +look closer at the harvest you see that, instead of wheat, it consists +of endless regiments of marching soldiers. + +"The harvest is plentiful, but the labourers are few": here is only one, +but he is quite sufficient--"the reaper whose name is Death," a skeleton +over whose bones the peasant's dress--a shirt and a pair of ragged +trousers--hangs loose. The shirt-sleeves of the skeleton are turned well +up, as if for more active exertion, as he grasps the two holds of the +huge scythe with which he is sweeping down the harvest. + +This is not war of the old type, with its opportunities for chivalry, +its glories, and its pride of manly strength. The German development of +war has made it into a mere exercise in killing, a business of +slaughter. Which side can kill most, and itself outlast the other? When +one reads the calculations by which careful statisticians demonstrate +that in the first seventeen months of the war Germany alone lost over a +million of men killed in battle, one feels that this cartoon is not +exaggerated. It is the bare truth. + +The ease with which the giant figure of Death mows down the harvest of +tiny men corresponds, in fact, to the million of German dead, probably +as many among the Russians, to which must be added the losses among the +Austrians, the French, the British, the Belgians, Italians, Serbs, +Turks, and Montenegrins. The appalling total is this vast harvest which +covers the plain. + + WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY. + +[Illustration: THE HARVEST IS RIPE] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"UNMASKED" + +The "Yellow Book," it may be remembered, was the official publication of +some of the details of atrocities committed by the Huns on the +defenceless women and children of ravished Belgium. It told in cold and +unimpassioned sentences, in plain and simple words more terrible than +the most fervid outpourings of patriot or humanitarian, the tale of +brutalities, of cold-blooded crimes, of murders and rape and mental and +physical tortures beyond the capabilities or the imaginings of savages, +possible only in their refinements of cruelty to the civilized apostles +of Kultur. There are many men in the trenches of the Allies to-day who +will say that the German soldier is a brave man, that he must be brave +to advance to the slaughter of the massed attack, to hold to his +trenches under the horrible punishment of heavy artillery fire. + +As a nation we are always ready to admit and to admire physical courage, +and if Germany had fought a "clean fight," had "played the game," +starkly and straightly, against our fighting men, we could--and our +fighting men especially could, and I believe would--have helped her to +her feet and shaken hands honestly with her after she was beaten. But +with such a brute beast as the unmasking of the "Yellow Book" has +revealed Germany to be we can never feel friendship, admiration, or +respect. + +The German is a "dirty fighter," and to the British soldier that alone +puts him beyond the pale. He has outraged all the rules and the +instincts of chivalry. His bravery in battle is the bravery of a +ravening wolf, of a blood-drunk savage animal. It is only left to the +Allies to treat him as such, to thrash him by brute force, and then to +clip his teeth and talons and by treaty and agreement amongst themselves +to keep him chained and caged beyond the possibility of another +outbreak. + + BOYD CABLE. + +[Illustration: UNMASKED + +The Yellow Book.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE GREAT SURPRISE + +In the note to another picture I have remarked on the farcical hypocrisy +of the German Emperor in presenting himself, as he so often does, as the +High Priest of several different religions at the same time. They are +nearly all of them religions with which he would have no sort of +concern, even if his religious pose were as real as it is artificial. + +Being in fact the ruler and representative of a country which alone +among European countries builds with complete security upon the +conviction that all Christianity is dead, he can only be, even in +theory, the prince of an extreme Protestant State. Long before the War +it was common for the best caricaturists of Europe, and even of Germany, +to make particular fun of these preposterous temporary Papacies in which +the Kaiser parades himself as if for a fancy-dress ball; and in the +accompanying picture Mr. Raemaekers has returned more or less to this +old pantomimic line of satire. + +The cartoon recalls some of those more good-humoured, but perhaps +equally contemptuous, sketches in which the draughtsmen of the French +comic papers used to take a particular delight; which made a whole comic +Bible out of the Kaiser's adventures during his visit to Palestine. Here +he appears as Moses, and the Red Sea has been dried up to permit the +passage of himself and his people. + +It would certainly be very satisfactory for German world-politics if the +sea could be dried up everywhere; but it is unlikely that the incident +will occur, especially in that neighbourhood. It will be long before a +German army is as safe in the Suez Canal as a German Navy in the Kiel +Canal; and the higher critics of Germany will have no difficulty in +proving, in the Kiel Canal at all events, that the safety is due to +human and not to divine wisdom. + + G. K. CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: THE GREAT SURPRISE + +Moses II leads his chosen people through the Red Sea to the promised +(Eng)land.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THOU ART THE MAN! + +The Man of Sorrows is flogged, and thorn-crowned, and crucified, and +pierced afresh, by this other man of sorrows, who has brought greater +bitterness and woe on earth than any other of all time. And in his +soul--for soul he must have, though small sign of it is evidenced--he +knows it. Deceive his dupes as he may--for a time--his own soul must be +a very hell of broken hopes, disappointed ambitions, shattered pride, +and the hideous knowledge of the holocaust of human life he has +deliberately sacrificed to these heathen gods of his. No poorest man on +earth would change places with this man-that-might-have-been, for his +time draws nigh and his end is perdition. + + Let That Other speak: + + "Their souls are Mine. + Their lives were in thy hand;-- + Of thee I do require them! + + "The fetor of thy grim burnt-offerings + Comes up to Me in clouds of bitterness. + Thy fell undoings crucify afresh + Thy Lord--who died alike for these and thee. + Thy works are Death:--thy spear is in My side,-- + O man! O man!--was it for this I died? + Was it for this?-- + A valiant people harried to the void,-- + Their fruitful fields a burnt-out wilderness,-- + Their prosperous country ravelled into waste,-- + Their smiling land a vast red sepulchre,-- + --Thy work! + + "Thou art the man! The scales were in thy hand. + For this vast wrong I hold thy soul in fee. + Seek not a scapegoat for thy righteous due, + Nor hope to void thy countability. + Until thou purge thy pride and turn to Me,-- + As thou hast done, so be it unto thee!" + + JOHN OXENHAM. + +[Illustration: THOU ART THE MAN + +"We wage war on Divine principles."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +SYMPATHY + +The cartoon requires no words to tell the story. It holds chapter upon +chapter of tragedy. "I will send you to Germany after your father!" +Where is the boy's father in Germany? In a prison? Mending roads? Lying +maimed and broken in a rude hospital? Digging graves for comrades about +to be shot? Or, more likely still, in a rough unknown stranger's grave? +Was the father dragged from his home at Louvain, or Tirlemont, or Vise, +or one of the dozen other scenes of outrage and murder--a harmless, +hard-working citizen-dragged from his hiding-place and made to suffer +"exemplary justice" for having "opposed the Kaiser's might," but in +reality because he was a Belgian, for whose nasty breed there must be +demonstrations of Germany's frightfulness _pour encourager les autres_? + +And the child's mother and sisters--what of them? He is dejected, but +not broken. There is dignity in the boy's defiant pose. The scene has, +perhaps, been enacted hundreds of times in the cities of Belgium, where +poignant grief has come to a nation which dared to be itself. + +Follow this boy through life and observe the stamp of deep resolve on +his character. Though he be sent "to Germany after your father," though +he be for a generation under the German jack-boot, his spirit will +sustain him against the conqueror and will triumph in the end. + + RALPH D. BLUMENFELD. + +[Illustration: SYMPATHY + +"If I find you again looking so sad, I'll send you to Germany after your +father."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE REFUGEES + +The wonder is not that women went mad, but that there are left any sane +civilians of the ravished districts of Belgium after all those infamies +perpetrated under orders by the German troops after the first +infuriating check of Liege and before the final turning of the German +line at the battle of the Marne. We have supped full of horrors since, +and by an insensible process grown something callous. But we never came +near to realizing the Belgian agony, and Raemaekers does us service by +helping to make us see it mirrored in the eyes of this poor raving girl. +This indeed is a later incident, but will serve for reminder of the +earlier worse. + +It is really _not_ well to forget. These were not the inevitable horrors +of war, but a deliberately calculated effect. There seems no hope of the +future of European civilization till the men responsible for such things +are brought to realize that, to put it crudely and at its lowest, they +don't pay. + +What the attitude of Germany now is may be guessed from the blank +refusal even of her bishops to sanction the investigation which Cardinal +Mercier asks for. It is still the gentle wolf's theory that the +truculent lamb was entirely to blame. + + JOSEPH THORP. + +[Illustration: THE REFUGEES FROM GHEEL + +Gheel has a model asylum for the insane. On the fall of Antwerp the +inmates were conveyed across the frontier. The cartoon illustrates an +incident where a woman, while wheeling a lunatic, herself developed +insanity from the scenes she witnessed.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"THE JUNKER" + +There were few things that Junkerdom feared so much in modern Germany as +the growth and effects of Socialism; and it is certain that the possible +attitude of the German Socialists--who were thought by some writers to +number somewhere in the neighbourhood of two million--in regard to the +War at its outset greatly exercised the minds of Junkerdom and the +Chancellor. A few days after the declaration of War a well-known English +Socialist said to us, "I believe that the Socialists will be strong +enough greatly to handicap Germany in the carrying on of the War, and +possibly, if she meets with reverses in the early stages, to bring about +Peace before Christmas." + +That was in August, 1914, and we are now well on in the Spring of 1916. +We reminded the speaker that on a previous occasion, when Peace still +hung in the balance, he had declared with equal conviction that there +would be no War because "the Socialists are now too strong in Germany +not to exercise a preponderating restraining influence." He has proved +wrong in both opinions. And one can well imagine that the Junker class +admires Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg for the astute manner in which +he has succeeded in shepherding the German Socialist sheep for the +slaughter, and in muzzling their representatives in the Reichstag. + + CLIVE HOLLAND. + +[Illustration: THE JUNKER + +"What I have most admired in you, Bethmann, is that you have made +Socialists our best supporters."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"MILIEU DE FANTOMES TRISTES ET SANS NOMBRE" + +There is something daunting, even to the mind of one not guilty of war +or of massacres, in the thought of multitudes: the multitude of the +dead, of the living, of one generation of men since there have been men +on earth. And war brings this horror to us daily, or rather nightly, +because such great companies of men have suddenly died together, passing +in comradeship and community from the known to the unknown. Yet dare we +say "together?" The unparalleled solitariness and singleness of death is +not altered by the general and simultaneous doom of battle. + +And it is with the multitude, and all the _ones_ in it, that the maker +of war is in unconscious relation. He does not know their names, he does +not know them by any kind of distinction, he knows them only by +thousands. Yet every one with a separate life and separate death is in +conscious relation with _him_, knows him for the tyrant who has taken +his youth, his hope, his love, his fatherhood. + +What a multitude to meet, whether in thought, in conscience, or in +another world! We all, no doubt, try to make the thought of massacre +less intolerable to our minds by telling ourselves that the sufferers +suffer one by one, to each his own share, and not another's; that though +the numbers may appeal, they do not make each man's part more terrible. +But this is not much comfort. There is not, it is true, a sum of +multiplication; but there is the sum of addition. And that addition--the +multitude man by man--the War Lord has to reckon with: Frederick the +Great with his men, Napoleon with his, the German Emperor with his--each +one of the innumerable unknown knowing his destroyer. + + ALICE MEYNELL. + +[Illustration: "Mais quand la voix de Dieu l'appela il se voyait seul +sur la terre au milieu de fantomes tristes et sans nombre."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +BLUEBEARD'S CHAMBER + +The Committee of Enquiry, like another Portia, clothed in the +ermine-trimmed robe of Justice and the Law, has unlocked with the key of +Truth the door of the closed chamber. The key lies behind her inscribed +in Dutch with the name that tells its nature. The Committee then pulls +back the curtain, and reveals the horrors that are behind it. Before the +curtain is fully drawn back, Enquiry sinks almost in collapse at the +terrible sight that is disclosed. There hang to pegs on the wall the +bodies of Bluebeard's victims, a woman, an old man, a priest, two boys, +and a girl still half hidden behind the curtain. The blood that has +trickled from them coagulates in pools on the ground. + +Bluebeard himself comes suddenly: he hurries down the steps brandishing +his curved sword, a big, burly figure, with square, thick beard, and +streaming whiskers, wearing a Prussian helmet, his mouth open to utter a +roar of rage and fury. The hatred and scorn with which the artist +inspires his pictures of Prussia are inexhaustible in their variety: +Prussia is barbarism attempting to trample on law and education, +brutality beating down humanity, a grim figure, the incarnation of +"frightfulness." I can imagine the feelings with which all Germans must +regard the picture that the Dutch artist always gives of their country, +if they regard Prussia as their country. "For every cartoon of +Raemaekers," said a German newspaper, "the payment will be exacted in +full, when the reckoning is made up." To this painter the Prussian +ruling power is incapable of understanding what nobility of nature +means. He can practise on and take advantage of the vices and weaknesses +of his enemies; he can buy the services of many among them, and have all +the worser people in his fee as his servants and agents; but he is +always foiled, because he forgets that some men cannot be bought, and +that these men will steel their fellow-countrymen's minds to resist +tyranny to the last. The mass of men can be led either to evil or to +good. + +The Prussian military system assumes the former as certain, and is well +skilled in the way. But there is the latter way, too, which Prussia +never knew and never takes into account as a possibility; and men as a +whole prefer the way to good before the way to evil, when both are fully +explained and made clear. This saves men, and ruins Prussia. + + WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY. + +[Illustration: BLUEBEARD'S CHAMBER + +The horrors perpetrated by the Germans were brought to light by the +Belgian Committee of Enquiry.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE RAID + +The seaman of history is a chivalrous and romantic figure, a gallant and +relentless fighter, a generous and a tender conqueror. In Codrington's +first letter to his wife after the battle of Trafalgar, he tells her to +send L100 to one of the French captains who goes to England from the +battle as a prisoner of war. The British and French navies cherish a +hundred memories of acts like these. If the German navy survives the war +what memories will it have? It must search the gaols for the exemplars +in peace of the acts that win them the Iron Cross in war. + +Note in this drawing that the types selected are not in themselves base +units of humanity. They have been made so by the beastly crimes superior +orders have forced them to commit. But even this has not brought them so +low but they wonder at the topsy-turvydom of war that brings them honour +where poor Black Mary only got her deserts in gaol. + +The crimes of the higher command have passed in Germany uncondemned and +unbanned by cardinals and bishops. But the conscience of Germany cannot +be wholly dead. Nor will six years only be the term of Germany's +humiliation and remorse. The spotless white of the naval uniform, +sullied and besmirched by those savage cruelties, cannot, any more than +the German soul, be brought back "whiter than snow" by any bestowal of +the Iron Cross. The effort to cleanse either would "the multitudinous +seas incarnadine." + + ARTHUR POLLEN. + +[Illustration: THE RAID + +"Do you remember Black Mary of Hamburg?" + +"Aye, well." + +"She got six years for killing a child, whilst we get the Iron Cross for +killing twenty at Hartlepool."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +BETTER A LIVING DOG THAN A DEAD LION + +Here is the grim choice of alternatives presented to other nations by +the creed of _Deutschland ueber Alles_--the cost of resistance and the +reward of submission. On one side lies the man who has fought a good +fight "for Freedom." He has lost his life but won an immortal memory +inscribed upon the cross. The other has saved his life, and lo! it is a +"dog's life." He is not even a well-treated dog. Harnessed, muzzled, +chained, he crawls abjectly on hands and knees and drags painfully along +the road, not only the cart, but his heavy master too. + +In the Netherlands and other parts of the Continent, where dogs are used +to pull little carts, the owner generally pulls too; it is a partnership +in which the dog is treated as a friend and visibly enjoys doing his +share. Partnership with Germany is another matter. The dog does all the +work, the German takes his ease with his great feet planted on the +submissive creature's back. + +The belligerent nations have made their choice. Germany's partners have +chosen submission and are playing the dog's part, as they have +discovered. The Allies on the other side are paying the price of +resistance in the sacrifice of life for Freedom. And what of the +neutrals? They are evading the choice under cover of the Allies and +waxing fat meanwhile. It is not a very heroic attitude and will exclude +them from any voice in the settlement. But we understand their position, +and at least they are ready to fight for their own freedom. There are, +however, individuals who are not ready to fight at all. They call +themselves conscientious objectors, prate of the law of Christ, and pose +as idealists. If they followed Christ they would sacrifice their lives +for others, but they are only concerned for their own skins. Their place +is in the shafts The true idealist lies beneath the Cross. + + ARTHUR SHADWELL. + +[Illustration: BETTER A LIVING DOG THAN A DEAD LION + +THE DRIVER: "You are a worthy Dutchman. He who lies there was a foolish +idealist."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"THE BURDEN OF THE INTOLERABLE DAY" + +Most people have wondered from time to time what the Kaiser thinks in +his inmost heart and in the solitude of his own chamber about the +condition of Germany and about the War. What impression has been made on +him by the alternation of victories and failures during the last twenty +months? After all he has staked everything--he has everything to lose. +What does he feel? What impression do the frightful losses of his own +people make on him? + +Raemaekers tells in this cartoon. The Kaiser has this moment been +wakened from sleep by the entrance of a big gorgeously dressed footman, +carrying his morning tea. The panelling of the royal chamber in the +palace at Potsdam is faintly indicated. The Kaiser sits up in bed, and a +look of agony gathers on his face as he realizes that he has wakened up +to the grim horror of a new day, and that the delightful time which he +has just been living through was only a dream. He had dreamed that the +whole thing was not true--that the War had never really occurred, and +that he could face the world with a conscience clear from guilt; and now +he has wakened up to bear the burden for another day. It is written in +his face what he thinks. You see the deep down-drawn lines in the lower +part of the face, the furrows upon the forehead, and the look almost of +terror in the eyes. But a smug-faced flunkey offers him a cup of tea +with buttered toast, and he must come back to the pretence of that +tragi-comedy, the life of the King-Emperor. + +The Dutch artist is fully alive to the comic element which underlies +that tragedy. The King-Emperor, as he awakes from sleep and sits forward +from that mountain of pillows, would be a purely comic figure were it +not for the terrible tragedy written in his face. A footman in brilliant +livery is a comic figure. The splendour of this livery brings out the +comic element by its contrast to, and yet its harmony with, the stupid +self-satisfaction of the countenance and the curls of the powdered hair. + +The Kaiser, however, awakens to more than the pretences and shams of +court life. The vast dreams which he cherished before the War of +world-conquest and an invincible Germany are fled now, and he must face, +open-eyed and awake, the stern reality. + + WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY. + +[Illustration: THE AWAKENING + +"I had such a delightful dream that the whole thing was not true."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +EAGLE IN HEN-RUN + +The Dutchman who could see this cartoon and not admit its simple truth +would have to be a very blind pro-German. At present time it pays +Germany to pretend a friendship for Holland, but the premeditated murder +of Belgium is a plain object-lesson of the sort of friendship and +agreement that Germany makes with a country and people which stand in +her way and are too small to withstand her brute force. Can any Dutchman +doubt what would be Holland's fate if Germany emerged even moderately +victorious from this war? The German War Staff would give a good deal to +have the control of Holland and a free passage to the sea from Antwerp. +They refrain from using force to gain that control only because they +cannot afford to have a fresh frontier to guard and because it is quite +useful to have Holland neutral and a forbidden ground and water to the +Armies and Navies of the Allies, a shield over the heart of Berlin and +Germany. It would pay the Germans to have Holland with them and openly +against the Allies, and they would no doubt gladly make an "agreement" +to that effect; but there is little likelihood of that as long as the +Dutch can visualize the "agreement" as clearly as the cartoonist has +done here. + +There are many people who for years past have suspected Germany's +sinister designs on the whole of the Netherlands. The brutal ravaging of +Belgium, the talk that already runs, openly or in whispers, in Germany +of "annexation of conquered territories" and "extended borders," tell +plainly the same tale--that any agreement between a small country and +Germany means merely the swallowing-up of the small nation, the +"agreement" of a meal with the swallower-up. + + BOYD CABLE. + +[Illustration: THE EAGLE IN THE HEN-RUN + +GERMAN EAGLE: "Come along, Dutch chicken, we will easily arrange an +agreement." + +THE CHICKEN: "Yes, in your stomach."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE FUTURE + +There can be no doubting of the future. The Allied forces, who in +Raemaekers' drawing stand for Liberty, are assuredly destined to wring +the neck of the Prussian eagle, which typifies the tyranny of brute +force. + + "For freedom's battle, once begun ... + Though baffled oft, is ever won." + +"There is only one master in this country," the Kaiser has said of +Germany. "I am he, and I will not tolerate another." He has also told +his people: "There is only one law--my law; the law which I myself lay +down." It is supererogatory to dispute either of these imperial +pronouncements. The Future contents herself with the comment: "Out of +thine own mouth will I judge thee." + +The Kaiser and his counsellors have now translated words into deeds, and +every instrument of savagery has been since August, 1911, enlisted by +Tyranny in the attempt to overthrow Liberty. "A thousand years ago," the +Kaiser once declared to his Army, "the Huns under their king Attila made +themselves a name which still lives in tradition." The Future replies to +him that he and his fighting hordes will also live in tradition. They +will be remembered for their defiance of the conscience of the world, +which obeys no call but that of Liberty. + + SIDNEY LEE. + +[Illustration: L'AVENIR] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +CHRIST OR ODIN? + +You cannot well conceive a science, whether it be mathematics, or +architecture, or philosophy, without its axioms, dogmas, or first +principles. Without them there is no basis on which to raise the +superstructure. So it is with the science of religion. Take +Christianity: if it is to be taught scientifically, it must start with +the most tremendous dogma, the Divinity of Christ. Either Christ was or +He was not what He claimed to be. If He was not, you must shout with the +Sanhedrim: "Crucify Him!" If He was, you must sing with the Church: +"Come, adore Him." One thing is certain, you cannot be indifferent to +His claim or to Him; you must either hate Him and His creed, like the +Prussian warring Superman, or love Him and it, like England's Crusading +Kings. + +The cartoon before us is the finished picture which I can trace from its +first rough sketch in the hands of Kant, through its different stages of +development in the schools of Hegel, of Schopenhauer, of Strauss, till +it was ready for its final touches in the hands of Nietzsche. In fancy I +see it hung, on the line, in the Prussian picture-gallery under the +direction of War Lords, whose boasted aim it is that the world shall be +governed only by Prussian Kultur and Prussian Religion. + +The fatal mistake made by the Teutonic race in the past was, we are +told, the adoption of Roman culture and Roman religion. Germany once +submitted to an alien God and to an alien creed. She, the mistress of +the earth, the mightiest of the mighty, and the most Kultured of the +Kultured, had actually once worshipped "an uncultured peasant Galilean," +and made profession of "His slave morality." + +Now they had altogether done with Christ, the Nazarene. The shout had +gone forth: "We will not have this Man to rule over us." In the future +no gods but Thor and Odin shall rule the "world-dominating race." +Prussia seemed to think the world's need to-day was the religion not of +Virtue, but of Valour. "In a day now long fled was heard the cry: +'Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth,' but to-day +there shall go forth the word: 'Blessed are the valiant, for they shall +make the earth their throne.' In the past ye heard it said: 'Blessed are +the poor in spirit,' but now I say to you: 'Blessed are the great in +soul, for they shall enter into Valhalla.' Again, in the dark ages it +was said to you: 'Blessed are the peace-makers,' but now in the blaze of +day I say unto you: 'Blessed are the war-makers, for they shall be +called, if not the children of Jahve, the children of Odin, who is +greater than Jahve.'" For those who want more of this mad jargon on the +same lines let me refer them to the late Professor Cramb's book on +Germany and England. + +With this cartoon before me, I am driven to fear that when the war is +done there will rise up in Germany a louder and stronger cry against the +Christianity of Christ than ever was attempted after the Franco-Prussian +War. The "man of blood and iron," the man with the mailed fist and the +iron heel, I much apprehend, will not be satisfied with tearing down the +emblem of the physical Body of Christ, but to slake his bloodthirsty +spirit he will want to go on to belabour His Mystical Body no less. God +avert it! + + BERNARD VAUGHAN. + +[Illustration: "I crush whatever resists me."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +FERDINAND + +In this war, where the ranks of the enemy present to us so many +formidable, sinister, and shocking figures, there is one, and perhaps +but one, which is purely ridiculous. If we had the heart to relieve our +strained feelings by laughter, it would be at the gross Coburg traitor, +with his bodyguard of assassins and his hidden coat-of-mail, his shaking +hands and his painted face. The world has never seen a meaner scoundrel, +and we may almost bring ourselves to pity the Kaiser, whom circumstances +have forced to accept on equal terms a potentate so verminous. + +But we no longer smile, we are tempted rather to weep, when we think of +the nation over whom this Ferdinand exercises his disastrous authority. +Forty years will have expired this spring since the Christian peasants +of Bulgaria rose in arms against the Turkish oppressor. After a year of +wild mountain fighting, Russia, with fraternal devotion, came to their +help, and at San Stefano in March, 1877, the aspirations of Bulgaria +were satisfied under Russia auspices. Ten years later Ferdinand the +usurper descended upon Sofia, shielded by the protection of Austria, and +since then, under his poisonous rule, the honour and spirit of the once +passionate and romantic Bulgarian nation have faded like a plant in +poison-fumes. + +Raemaekers presents the odious Ferdinand to us in the act of starting +for the wars--he who faints at the sight of a drawn sword. His hired +assassins guard him from his own people and from the revenge of the +thousands whom he has injured. But will they always be able to secure so +vile a life against the vengeance of history? How soon will Fate +condescend to crush this painted creature? + + EDMUND GOSSE. + +[Illustration: Ferdinand s'en va t'en guerre ne salt s'il reviendra. +(Old French song adapted.)] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +JUGGERNAUT + +Yes, Kultur, the German Juggernaut, has passed this way. There is no +mistaking the foul track of his chariot-wheels. Kultur is the German +God. But there is a greater God still. He sees it all. He speaks,-- + + "_Was it for this I died?_ + + --Black clouds of smoke that veil the sight of heaven; + Black piles of stones which yesterday were homes; + And raw black heaps which once were villages; + Fair towns in ashes, spoiled to suage thy spleen; + My temples desecrate, My priests out-cast:-- + Black ruin everywhere, and red,--a land + All swamped with blood, and savaged raw and bare; + All sickened with the reek and stench of war, + And flung a prey to pestilence and want; + --Thy work! + + "_For this?_-- + --Life's fair white flower of manhood in the dust; + Ten thousand thousand hearts made desolate; + My troubled world a seething pit of hate; + My helpless ones the victims of thy lust;-- + The broken maids lift hopeless eyes to Me, + The little ones lift handless arms to Me, + The tortured women lift white lips to Me, + The eyes of murdered white-haired sires and dames + Stare up at Me. And the sad anguished eyes + Of My dumb beasts in agony. + --Thy work!" + + JOHN OXENHAM. + +[Illustration: KULTUR HAS PASSED HERE] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +MICHAEL AND THE MARKS + +"The Loan: good for 100 marks!" Look at him! He is the favoured of the +Earth, lives in Germany, where Kultur is peerless, and education +complete (even tho' the man may become a martyr of method). War comes! +and he is seen, as an almond tree in blossom his years tell, when lo! a +War Loan is raised with real Helfferichian candour, and Michael has just +stepped out of the Darlehnskasse, at Oberwesel-on-the-Rhine, or other +seat of Kultur and War Loan finance. Are visions about? said an American +humorist now gone to the Shades; and Michael, Loan note in hand, eyes +reversed, after a visit to two or three offices, wants to know, and +wonders whether this note can be regarded as "hab und gut," and if so, +good for how much? Is it a wonder that an artist in a Neutral Country +should depict German affairs as in this condition, and business done in +this manner? Michael is puzzled; and in the language of the Old Kent +Road, "'e dunno where 'e are!" He is puzzled, and not without cause. + +All who have followed Germany's financing of the War share Michael's +perplexity. Brag is a good dog: but it does not do as a foundation for +credit. Gold at Spandau was trumpeted for years as a "war chest"; but +when the "best laid schemes o' mice and men gang aft agley," especially +when a war does not end, as it should, after a jolly march to Paris in +six weeks, through a violated and plundered Belgium, then comes the +rub--and the paper which puzzles Michael. A German, possibly Dr. +Helfferich, the German Finance Minister, may believe, and some do +believe, that it does not matter how much "paper," in currency notes, a +State, or even a Bank, may issue. The more experienced commercial and +banking concerns of the world insist upon a visible material, as well as +the personal security, to which the German is prone. The round-about +method of issuing German War Loans unquestionably puzzles Michael; but +will not impose on the world outside. + +Let it be marked also, that German credit methods have been, in part, +the proximate cause of this War; a system of credit-trading may last for +some years only to threaten disaster and general ruin. Now, it is "neck +or nothing"; Michael goes the round of the Loan offices, and behold him! +Germany herself fears a crash in credit, and even the German Michael +feels that it is impending. Already the mark exchanges over 30 below +par. + + W. M. J. WILLIAMS. + +[Illustration: LOAN JUGGLERY + +MICHAEL: "For my 100 marks I obtained a receipt. I gave this for a +second 100 marks and I received a second receipt. For the third loan I +gave the second receipt. Have I invested 300 marks and has the +Government got 300, or have both of us got nothing?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THEIR BERESINA + +_"Is it still a long way to the Beresina?"_ + +The whole civilized world sincerely hopes not. + +Death, with the grin on his fleshless face, is hurrying them along to it +as fast as his troika can go. Three black horses abreast he +drives--Dishonour, Disappointment, and Disgrace--and the more audacious +of the carrion-crows fly croaking ominously alongside. + +Little Willie, with the insignia of his family's doom on his head, is +not happy in his mind. "Father's" plans have not worked smoothly, his +promises have not been fulfilled. Little Willie is concerned for his own +future. He is the only soul in the world who is. + +When the First--the real--Napoleon entered Russia, on June 24, 1812, he +led an army of 414,000 men--the grande armee. When the great retreat +began from burnt-out Moscow he had less than 100,000. By the time the +Beresina was reached but little of the grand army was left. "Of the +cavalry reserve, formerly 32,000 men, only 100 answered the +muster-roll." The passage of the river, which was to interpose its +barrier between him and the pursuing Russians, was an inferno of panic, +selfishness, and utter demoralization. Finally, to secure his own +safety, Napoleon had the bridges burnt before half his men had crossed. +The roll-call that night totalled 8,000 gaunt spectres, hardly to be +called men. + +_"Father, is it still a long way to the Beresina?"_ + +We may surely and rightly put up that question as a prayer to the God +whom Kaiser William claims as friend, but whom he has flouted and +bruised as never mortal man since time began has bruised and flouted +friend before. + +_"Is it still a long way to the Beresina?"_ + +God grant them a short quick course, an end forever to militarism, to +the wastage it has entailed, and to all those evils which have made such +things possible in this year of grace 1916. + + JOHN OXENHAM. + +[Illustration: "Father, is it still a long way to the Beresina?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +NEW PEACE OFFERS + +The present policy of Germany is a curious mixture of underhand +diplomacy and boastful threats. If she desires to impress the neutral +States, she vaunts the great conquests that she has been able to +accomplish. She points out, especially to Roumania and to Greece, how +terrible is her vengeance on States which defy her, such as Belgium and +Serbia, while vague promises are given to her Near-Eastern +Allies--Bulgaria and Turkey--that they will have large additions to +their territory as a reward for compliance with the dictates of Berlin. + +But, on the other hand, it is very clear that, as part and parcel of +this vigorous offensive, Germany is already in more quarters than one +suggesting that she is quite open to offers of peace. As every one +knows, Von Buelow in Switzerland is the head and controlling agent of a +great movement in the direction of peace; while lately we have heard of +offers made to Belgium that if she will acknowledge a commercial +dependence on the Central Empires her territory will be restored to her. +Similar movements are going on in America, because throughout Germany +still seeks to pose as a nation which was attacked and had to defend +herself, and is therefore quite ready to listen if any reasonable offers +come from her enemies to bring the war to a close. + +The unhappy German Imperial Chancellor has to play his part in this +sorry comedy with such skill as he can manage. To his German countrymen +he has to proclaim that the war has been one brilliant progress from the +start to the present time. This must be done in order to allay the +apprehensions of Berlin and to propitiate the ever-increasing demand for +more plentiful supplies of food. Secretly he has to work quite as hard +to secure for the Central Empires such a conclusion of hostilities as +will leave them masters of Europe. And, without doubt, he has to put up +with a good many indignities in the process. "The worst of it is, I must +always deny having been there." Kicked out by the Allies, he has to +pretend that no advances were ever made. Perhaps, however, such a task +is not uncongenial to the man who began by asserting that solemnly +ratified treaties were only "scraps of paper." + + W. L. COURTNEY. + +[Illustration: NEW PEACE OFFERS + +VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG "The worst of it is, I must always deny having +been there."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE SHIELDS OF ROSSELAERE + +The climax of meanness and selfishness would seem to be reached when an +armed man shelters himself behind the unarmed; yet it is not the climax, +for here the artist depicts a body of German troops sheltering +themselves behind women, calculating that the Belgians will not fire on +their own countrywomen and unarmed friends, and that so the attack may +safely gain an advantage. + +There is a studied contrast between the calm, orderly march of the +troops with shouldered arms and the huddled, disorderly progress to +which the townspeople are compelled. These are not marching; they are +going to their death. Several of the women have their hands raised in +frantic anguish, their eyes are like the eyes of insanity, and one at +least has her mouth open to emit a shriek of terror. Two of the men are +in even worse condition; they are collapsing, one forward, one backward, +with outstretched hands as if grasping at help. The rest march on, +courageously or stolidly. Some seem hardly to understand, some +understand and accept their fate with calm resignation. + +One old woman walks quietly with bowed head submissive. In the front +walks a priest, his hand raised in the gesture of blessing his flock. +The heroism of the Catholic priesthood both in France and in Belgium +forms one of the most honourable features of the Great War, and stands +in striking contrast with the calculating diplomatic policy of the +Papacy. There is always the same tendency in the "chief priests" of +every race and period to be tempted to sacrifice moral considerations to +expediency, and to prefer the empty fabric of an imposing Church +establishment to the people who make the Church. But the clergy of +Belgium are there to prove what the Church can do for mankind. This +cartoon would be incomplete and would deserve condemnation as inartistic +if it were not redeemed by the priest and the old woman. + + WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY. + +[Illustration: THE SHIELDS OF ROSSELAERE + +At Rosselaere the German troops forced the Belgian townsfolk to march in +front of them] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE OBSTINACY OF NICHOLAS + +The venerable quip that what is firmness in ourselves is obstinacy in +our opponents is illustrated with a ludicrous explicitness in the whole +tenor of German official utterance since the failure of the great +drives. The obtuseness of the Allies is so abysmal (it is again and +again complained in the Reichstag and through Wolff) that they are +unable to see that Germany is the permanently triumphant victor. Whereas +for Germany, whose cause even the neutrals judge to be lost, to hold out +at the cost of untold blood and treasure is merely the manifestation of +heaven-conferred German steadfastness. The Army into whose obstinate +corporate head it is hardest to drive the idea of German military +all-powerfulness is the Russian, of which retreating units, actually +armed with staves against a superbly equipped (but innocent and wantonly +attacked) foe, were so stupid as to forget how to be broken and +demoralized. + +And this long, imperturbable, _verdamte_ Nicholas, who was declared on +the highest German authority (and what higher?) to be annihilated twice, +having turned a smashing tactical defeat into strategical victory, bobs +up serenely in another and most inconvenient place. Absurd; particularly +when "what I tell you three times is true." ... Neonapoleon didn't +remember Moscow. But he will. + + JOSEPH THORP. + +[Illustration: "Why, I've killed you twice, and you dare to come back +again."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE ORDER OF MERIT + +Turkey had no illusions from the beginning on the subject of the war. If +the choice had been left to the nation she would not have become +Germany's catspaw. Unfortunately for Turkey, she has had no choice. For +years upon years the Sultan Abdul Hamid was Turkey. Opposition to his +will meant death for his opponent. Thus Turkey became inarticulate. Her +voice was struck dumb. The revolution was looked upon hopefully as the +dawn of a new era. Abdul Hamid was dethroned; his brother, a puppet, was +exalted, anointed, and enthroned. Power passed from the Crown, not, as +expected, to the people and its representatives, but into the hands of a +youthful adventurer, in German pay, who has led his country from one +folly to another. + +Turkey did not want to fight, but she had no choice, and so she was +dragged in by the heels. She has lost much besides her independence. The +crafty German has drained her of supplies while giving naught in return. +The German's policy is to strive throughout for a weak Turkey. The +weaker Turkey can be made, the better will it be for Germany, which +hopes still, no matter what may happen elsewhere, so to manipulate +things as to dominate the Ottoman Empire after the war. + +Turkey is still a rich country, in spite of her enormous sacrifices in +the past decade. She has been exploited from end to end by the German +adventurer, who will continue the process of bleeding so long as there +is safety in the method; but Turkey is beginning to ask herself, as does +the figure of the fat Pasha in the cartoon: "And is this all the +compensation I get?" An Iron Cross does not pay for the loss of half a +million good soldiers. Yet that is the exact measure of Turkey's reward. + + RALPH D. BLUMENFELD. + +[Illustration: THE ORDER OF MERIT + +TURKEY: "And is this all the compensation I get?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE MARSHES OF PINSK + +In what are we most like our kinsmen the Germans, and in what most +unlike? I was convicted of Teutonism when first, in Germany, I ate "brod +und butter," and found the words pronounced in an English way, slurred. +But if we are like the Germans in the names of simple and childish +things, we grow more unlike them, we draw farther apart from them, as we +grow up. We love war less and less, as they love it more. We love our +word of honour more and more as they, for the love of war, love their +word less. + +There is no nation in the world more unlike us; because there is no war +so perfect, so conscious, so complete as the German. And being thus +all-predominant, German war is the greatest of outrages on life and +death. We English have a singular degree of respect for the dead. It has +no doubt expressed itself in some slight follies and vulgarities, such +as certain funeral customs, not long gone by; but such respect is a +national virtue and emotion. No nation loving war harbours that virtue. +And in nothing do the kinsmen with whom we have much language in common +differ from us more than in the policy that brought this Prussian host +to cumber the stagnant waters of the Marshes of Pinsk. + +The love of war has cast them there, displayed, profaned, in the "cold +obstruction" of their dissolution. Corruption is not sensible corruption +when it is a secret in earth where no eye, no hand, no breathing can be +aware of it. There is no offence in the grave. But the lover of war, the +Power that loved war so much as to break its oath for the love of war, +and for the love of war to strike aside the hand of the peace-maker, +Arbitration, that Power has chosen thus to expose and to betray the +multitude of the dead. + + ALICE MEYNELL. + +[Illustration: THE MARSHES OF PINSK, NOVEMBER, 1915. + +The Kaiser said last spring: "When the leaves fall you'll have peace." +They have!] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +GOD WITH US + +Three _apaches_ sit crouched in shelter waiting the moment to strike. +One is old and _gaga_, his ancient fingers splayed on the ground to +support him and his face puckered with the petulance of age. One is a +soft shapeless figure--clearly with small heart for the business, for he +squats there as limp as a sack. One is the true stage conspirator with a +long pendulous nose and narrow eyes. His knife is in his teeth, and he +would clearly like to keep it there, for he has no stomach for a fight. +He will only strike if he can get in a secret blow. The leader of the +gang has the furtive air of the criminal, his chin sunk on his breast, +and his cap slouched over his brows. His right hand holds a stiletto, +his pockets bulge with weapons or plunder, his left hand is raised with +the air of a priest encouraging his flock. And his words are the words +of religion--"God with us." At the sign the motley crew will get to +work. + +It is wholesome to strip the wrappings from grandiose things. Public +crimes are no less crimes because they are committed to the sound of +trumpets, and the chicanery of crowned intriguers is morally the same as +the tricks of hedge bandits. It is privilege of genius to get down to +fundamentals. Behind the stately speech of international _pourparlers_ +and the rhetoric of national appeals burn the old lust and greed and +rapine. A stab in the dark is still a stab in the dark though courts and +councils are the miscreants. A war of aggression is not less brigandage +because the armies march to proud songs and summon the Almighty to their +aid. + +Raemaekers has done much to clear the eyes of humanity. The monarch of +_Felix Austria_, with the mantle of the Holy Roman Empire still dragging +from his shoulders, is no more than a puzzled, broken old man, crowded +in this bad business beside the Grand Turk, against whom his fathers +defended Europe. The preposterous Ferdinand, shorn of his bombast, is +only a chicken-hearted assassin. The leader of the band, the All Highest +himself, when stripped of his white cloak and silver helmet, shows the +slouch and the furtive ferocity of the street-corner bravo. And the cry +"God with us," which once rallied Crusades, has become on such lips the +signal of the _apache_. + + JOHN BUCHAN. + +[Illustration: GOD WITH US + +"At the command 'Gott mit uns' you will go for them."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +FERDINAND THE CHAMELEON + +There is one whole field of the evil international influence of Germany +in which Ferdinand of Bulgaria is a much more important and symbolic +person than William of Prussia. He is, of course, a cynical +cosmopolitan. He is in great part a Jew, and an advanced type of that +_mauvais juif_ who is the principal obstacle to all the attempts of the +more genuine and honest Jews to erect a rational status for their +people. + +Like almost every man of this type, he is a Jingo without being a +patriot. That is to say, he is of the type that believes in big +armaments and in a diplomacy even more brutal than armaments; but the +militarism and diplomacy are not humanized either by the ancient +national sanctities which surround the Czar of Russia, or the +spontaneous national popularity which established the King of Serbia. He +is not national, but international; and even in his peaceful activities +has been not so much a neutral as a spy. + +In the accompanying cartoon the Dutch caricaturist has thrust with his +pencil at the central point of this falsity. It is something which is +probably the central point of everything everywhere, but is especially +the central point of everything connected with the deep quarrels of +Eastern Europe. It is religion. Russian Orthodoxy is an enormously +genuine thing; Austrian Romanism is a genuine thing; Islam is a genuine +thing; Israel, for that matter, is also a genuine thing. + +But Ferdinand of Bulgaria is not a genuine thing; and he represents the +whole part played by Prussia in these ancient disputes. That part is the +very reverse of genuine; it is a piece of ludicrous and transparent +humbug. If Prussia had any religion, it would be a northern perversion +of Protestantism utterly distant from and indifferent to the +controversies of Slavonic Catholics. But Prussia has no religion. For +her there is no God; and Ferdinand is his prophet. + + G. K. CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: FERDINAND THE CHAMELEON + +"I was a Catholic, but, needing Russian help, I became a Greek Orthodox. +Now I need the Austrians, I again become Catholic. Should things turn +out badly, I can again revert to Greek Orthodoxy."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE LATIN SISTERS + +The Latin Sisters! Note carefully the expression of France as contrasted +with that of Italy. France, violated by the Hun, exhibits grim +determination made sacrosanct by suffering. Italy's face glows with +enthusiasm. One can conceive of the one fighting on to avenge her +martyrs, steadfast to the inevitable end when Right triumphs over Might. +One can conceive of the other drawing her sword because of the blood tie +which links them together in a bond that craft and specious lies have +tried in vain to sunder. What do they stand for, these two noble +sisters? Everything which can be included in the word--ART. Everything +which has built up, stone upon stone, the stately temple of +Civilization, everything which has served to humanize mankind and to +differentiate him from the beasts of Prussia. + +Looking at these two sisters, one wonders that there are still to be +found in England mothers who allow their children to be taught German. +One hazards the conjecture that it might well be imparted to +exceptionally wicked children, if there be any, because none can +question that the Teutonic tongue will be spoken almost exclusively in +the nethermost deeps of Hades until, and probably after, the Day of +Judgment. + +For my sins I studied German in Germany, and I rejoice to think that I +have forgotten nearly every word of that raucous and obscene language. +Had I a child to educate, and the choice between German and Choctaw were +forced upon me, I should not select German. French, Italian, and +Spanish, cognate tongues, easy to learn, delightful to speak, hold out +sweet allurements to English children. Do not these suffice? If any +mother who happens to read these lines is considering the propriety of +teaching German to a daughter, let her weigh well the responsibility +which she is deliberately assuming. To master any foreign language, it +is necessary to talk much and often with the natives. Do Englishwomen +wish to talk with any Huns after this war? What will be the feeling of +an English mother whose daughter marries a Hun any time within the next +twenty years? And such a mother will know that she planted the seed +which ripened into catastrophe when she permitted her child to acquire +the language of our detestable and detested enemies. + + HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL. + +[Illustration: THE LATIN SISTERS + +ITALY: "Indeed she is my sister"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +MISUNDERSTOOD + +It need not necessarily be supposed that the directors of German +destiny, who are not devoid of intelligence, took the ravings of +Bernhardi over-seriously. He had his special uses no doubt before the +day. But on the morrow of the day, when questions of responsibility came +to be raised, he became one of many inconvenient witnesses; and there +has scarcely been a better joke among the grim humours of this +catastrophe than the mission of this Redhot-Gospeller of the New +Unchivalry of War to explain to "those idiotic Yankees" that he was +really an ardent pacifist. The most just, the most brilliant, the most +bitter pamphlet of invective could surely not say so much as this +reeking cleaver, those bloody hands, that fatuous leer and gesture, this +rigid victim. Bernhardism was not a mere windy theory. It was exactly +practised on the Belgian people. + +And this spare, dignified figure of Uncle Sam, contemptuously +incredulous, is, I make bold to say, a more representative symbol of the +American people than one which our impatience sometimes tempts us now to +draw. Most Americans now regret, as Pope Benedict must regret, that the +first most cruel rape of Belgium was allowed to pass without formal +protest in the name of civilization. But that occasion gone, none other, +not the _Lusitania_ even, showed so clear an opportunity. A people's +sentiments are not necessarily expressed by the action of its +Government, which moves always in fetters. Nor has President Wilson's +task been as simple as his critics on this or the other side of the +Atlantic profess to believe. + + JOSEPH THORP. + +[Illustration: MISUNDERSTOOD + +BERNHARDI: "Indeed I am the most humane fellow in the world."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +PROSPERITY REIGNS IN FLANDERS + +Wherever Prussia rules she has only one method of ruling--that of +terror. Wherever she finds civilization and the wealth which +civilization creates, she can do nothing but despoil. She is as +incapable of persuasion as of creation. No people forced to endure her +rule have ever been won to prefer it as the Alsatians came to prefer the +rule of France or as many Indians have come to prefer the rule of +England. In Belgium she has been especially herself in this respect. + +A wise policy would have dictated such a careful respect for private +rights and such a deference to native traditions as might conceivably +have weakened the determination of the Belgians to resist to the death +those who had violated their national independence. But Prussia is +incapable of such a policy. In any territory which she occupies, whether +temporarily or permanently, her only method is terror and her only aim +loot. She did indeed send some of her tame Socialists to Brussels to +embark on the hopeless enterprise of persuading the Belgian Socialists +that honour and patriotism were _ideologies bourgeoises_ and that the +"economic interests" of Belgium would be best promoted by a submission. +These pedantic barbarians got the answer which they deserved; but on +their pettifogging thesis Raemaekers' cartoon is perhaps the best +commentary. + +The "prosperity" of Belgium under Prussian rule has consisted in the +systematic looting, in violation of international law, of the wealth +accumulated by the free citizens of Belgium, for the advantage of their +Prussian rulers; while to the mass of the people it has brought and, +until it is forever destroyed, can bring nothing but that slavery which +the Prussians have themselves accepted and which they would now impose +upon the whole civilization of Europe. + + CECIL CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: PROSPERITY REIGNS IN FLANDERS + +Four hundred and eighty millions of francs have been imposed as a war +tax, but soup is given gratis.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE LAST HOHENZOLLERN + +Behind him stands the embodiment of all that Prussian kultur and +efficiency mean, wooden uninventiveness, clockwork accuracy of +movement--without soul or inspiration. He himself is thin and +scraggy--Raemaekers has intensified these characteristics, but even so +the caricature of the reality is more accurate than unkind. Many months +ago, this vacuous heir of the house of Hohenzollern set to work on the +task of overcoming France, and the result ... may be found in bundles of +four, going back to the incinerators beyond Aix, in the piled corpses +before the French positions at and about Verdun; some of the results, +the swag of the decadent burglar, went back in sacks from the chateaux +that this despicable thing polluted and robbed as might any Sikes from +Portland or Pentonville. + +He is the embodiment, himself, of the last phase of Prussian kultur. +Somewhere back in the history of Prussia its rulers had to invent and to +create, and then kultur brought forth hard men; later, it became +possible to copy, and then kultur brought forth mechanical perfection +rather than creative perfection, systematized its theories of life and +work, and brought into being a class of men just a little meaner, more +rigid, more automaton-like, than the original class; having reduced life +to one system, and that without soul or ideal, kultur brought forth +types lacking more and more in originality. Here stands the culminating +type; he will copy the good German Gott--he is incapable of originating +anything--and will "do the same to France." + +As far as lies in his power, he has done it; in the day of reckoning, +Germany will judge how he has done it, and it is to be hoped that +Germany will give him his just reward, for no punishment could be more +fitting. The rest of the world already knows his vacuity, his utter +uselessness, his criminal decadence. As his father was stripped of the +Garter, so is he here shown stripped of the attributes to which, in +earlier days, he made false claim. There remains a foolish knave +posturing--and that is the real Crown Prince of Germany. + + E. CHARLES VIVIAN. + +[Illustration: GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND! + +"Father says I have to do the same with France."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +PIRACY + +In the summer of 1914 Germany stood before the world, a nation of +immense, and to a great extent of most honourable, achievement. Her +military greatness had never been in dispute. But in the previous twenty +years she had developed an internal industry and an external commerce on +a scale and with a rapidity entirely unprecedented. She had to build a +navy such as no nation had ever constructed in so short a time. She +seemed destined to progress in the immediate future as she had +progressed in the immediate past. + +What has the madness for world conquest done for her now? She has made +enemies of all, and made all her enemies suffer. Like the strong blind +man of history, she has seized the columns of civilization and brought +the whole temple down. But has she not destroyed herself utterly amid +the ruins? Her industry is paralyzed, her commerce gone. Her navy is +dishonoured. Some force she still possesses at sea, but it is force to +be expended on sea piracy alone. And it is not piracy that can save her. +At most, in her extremity, it will do for her what a life belt does for +a lone figure in a deserted ocean. It prolongs the agony that precedes +inevitable extinction. It is the throw of the desperate gambler that +Germany has made, when she flings this last vestige of her honour into +the sea. + + ARTHUR POLLEN. + +[Illustration: TIRPITZ'S LAST HOPE--PIRACY] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +WEEPING, SHE HATH WEPT + +While a world of mourners is plaintively asking, "What has become of our +brave dead, where are they? Alas! how dark is the world without them, +how silent the home, how sad the heart"; whilst the mourner is groping +like the blind woman for her lost treasure, the Belgian mother, and the +Belgian widow, and the Belgian orphan are on their knees, praying, +"Eternal rest give to them, O Lord; let a perpetual light shine upon +them," the Christian plea that has echoed down the ages from the day of +the Maccabees till now, exhorting us to pray for the dead that they may +be loosed from their sins. I would remind the broken-hearted mother +beseeching me to tell her where can her brave boy be gone, adding, "His +was such a lonely journey; did he find his way to God?" of the words of +the poet, who finds his answer to her question in the flight of a sea +bird sailing sunward from the winter snows: + + There is a Power whose care + Teaches thy way along the pathless coast, + The desert and illimitable air, + Lone, wandering but not lost: + + He who from zone to zone + Guides, through the boundless sky, thy certain flight, + In the lone way which thou must tread alone + Will lead thy steps aright. + +The brave soldier, who in the discharge of high duty has been suddenly +shot into eternity by the fire of the enemy, will surely, far more +easily than the migrating bird, wing his flight to God, Who, let us +pray, will not long withhold him the happy-making vision of Heaven. +Pilgrims homeward-bound, as you readily understand, at different stages +of their journey will picture Heaven to themselves differently, +according as light or darkness, joy or sorrow encompass them. Some will +picture Heaven as the Everlasting Holiday after the drudgery of school +life, others as Eternal Happiness after a life of suffering and sorrow, +others again as Home after exile, and some others as never-ending +Rapture in the sight of God. + +But to-day, when " frightfulness" is the creed of the enemy, and warfare +with atrocities is his gospel, very many amongst us, weary with the +long-drawn battle, sick with its ever-recurring horrors, and broken by +its ghastly revelations, will lift up their eyes to a land beyond the +stars. + + FATHER BERNARD VAUGHAN. + +[Illustration: THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +MILITARY NECESSITY + +It may be asserted that the plea of "Frightfulness" will not be +recognized a "military necessity" when Germany is judged, and that this +enemy of civilization, even as the enemy of society, will be held +responsible for its crimes, though they stand as far above the +imagination as beyond the power of a common felon. Bill Sikes may justly +claim "military necessity" for his thefts and murders, if Germany can do +so for hers. + +Under Article No. 46 of the Regulations of The Hague, we learn that +"Family honour and rights, individual life and private property must be +respected," and, under Article No. 47, "all pillage is expressly +forbidden." But while it was a political necessity to subscribe to that +fundamental formula of civilization, Germany's heart recognized no real +need to do so, and secretly, in cold blood, at the inspiration of her +educated and well-born rulers, she plotted the details of a campaign of +murder, rape, arson, and pillage, which demanded the breaking of her +oath as its preliminary. Well might her Chancellor laugh at "the scrap +of paper," which stood between Germany and Belgium, when he reflected on +the long list of sacred assurances his perjured country had already +planned to break. + +No viler series of events, in Northern France alone, can be cited than +those extracted from the note-books of captured and fallen Germans. Such +blood-stained pages must be a tithe of those that returned to Germany, +but they furnish a full story of what the rank and file accomplished at +the instigation and example of their officers. Space precludes +quotation; but one may refer the reader to "Germany's Violations of the +Laws of War,"[A] published under the auspices of the French Foreign +Office. It is a book that should be on the tables at the Peace +Conference. + +We cannot hang an army for these unspeakable offences, or treat those +who burn a village of living beings as we would treat one who made a +bonfire of his fellow-man; nor can we condemn to penal servitude a whole +nation for bestial outrages on humanity, ordered by its Higher Command +and executed by its troops; but at least we may hope soon to find the +offending Empire under police supervision of Europe, with a +ticket-of-leave, whose conditions shall be as strict as an outraged +earth knows how to draw them. + + EDEN PHILLPOTTS. + +[Footnote A: English translation. Heinemann.] + +[Illustration: ON TICKET-OF-LEAVE + +CONVICT: "The next time I'll wear a German helmet and plead 'military +necessity.'"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +LIBERTE! LIBERTE, CHERIE! + +There have been many surprises in this war. The evil surprises, +patiently, scientifically, diabolically matured in the dark for the +upsetting and downcasting of a too-trusting world by the enemy of +mankind, whose "Teuton-faith" will surely forever outrival that +"Punic-faith" which has hitherto been the by-word for perfidious +treachery. The heartening surprises of gallant little Belgium and +Serbia; the renascence of Russia; the wonderful upleap to the needs of +the times by Great, and still more by Greater Britain; and, not least, +the bracing of the loins of our closest Allies just across the water. + +In the very beginning, when the Huns tore up that scrap of paper which +represented their honour and their right to a place among decent +dwellers on the earth, and came sweeping like a dirty flood over Belgium +and Northern France, the overpowering remembrance of 1870 still lay +heavy on our sorely-tried neighbours. They had not yet quite found +themselves. The Huns had a mighty reputation for invincibility. It +seemed impossible to stand against them. There were waverings, even +crumplings. There were said to be treacheries in high places. + +The black flood swept on. Von Kluck was heading for Paris, and seemed +likely to get there. Then suddenly, miraculously as it seemed, his +course was diverted. He was tossed aside and flung back. + +And it is good to recall the reason he himself is said to have given for +his failure. + +"At Mons the British taught the French how to die." + +That is a great saying and worthy of preservation for all time. Whether +Von Kluck said it or not does not matter. It represents and immortalizes +a mighty fact. + +France was bending under the terrible impact. Britain stood and died. +France braced her loins and they have been splendidly braced ever since. + +The Huns were found to be resistible, vulnerable, breakable. The old +verve and elan came back with all the old fire, and along with these, +new depths of grim courage and tenacity, and, we are told, of +spirituality, which may be the making of a new France greater than the +world has ever known. + +And that we shall welcome. France, Belgium, Serbia, Russia have suffered +in ways we but faintly comprehend on this side of the water. When the +Great Settling Day conies, this new higher spirit of France will, it is +to be devoutly hoped, make for restraint in the universal craving for +vengeance, and prove a weighty factor in the righteous re-adjustment of +things and the proper fitting together of the jig-saw map of Europe. + + JOHN OXENHAM. + +[Illustration: LIBERTE! LIBERTE, CHERIE!] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +I--"A KNAVISH PIECE OF WORK" + +There can be no defence of the spirit of hatred in which the Germans +have, so fatally for their future, carried on this amazing mad war of +theirs, in violation of all human instincts of self-respect and +self-preservation, to say nothing of the obligations of religion and +morality observed among mankind from the first dawnings of civilization. +The knavery, the villainy, and the besotted bestiality of it can never +be forgotten, and must never be forgiven, and Louis Raemaekers, gifted +as he is with the rare dramatic genius that discriminates his Cartoons, +has but discharged an obvious patriotic duty in publishing them to the +world at large, as true and faithful witnesses to the unspeakable and +inexpiable abominations wrought throughout Belgium and French Flanders +by the Germans--which, already, in the course of Divine retribution, +have involved their own country in material losses it will take from +three to four generations to repair; and their once honoured name in +contempt, and reprobation, and infamy, wherefrom it can never be +redeemed. + +Nevertheless, as an Englishman, I shrink from giving any emphasis there +may be in my "hand and signature" to these righteously condemnatory and +withering cartoons; and because, each one of them, as I turn to it, +brings more and more crushingly home to me the transcending sin of +England--of every individual Englishman with a vote for Members of +Parliament--in not having prepared for this war; a sin that has +implicated us in the destruction of the whole rising generation of the +flower of our manhood; and, before this date, would have brought us +under subjection to Germany but for the confidence placed by the rank +and file of the British people and nation in Lord Kitchener of Khartum. + +Now--face to face with enemies--from the Kaiser downward to his humblest +subjects--animated by the highest, noblest ideals, but again perverted +for a time--as in the case of their ancestors in the Middle Ages--by a +secular epidemic of "Panmania," they are to be faced not with idle +reproaches and revilings, still less with undignified taunts and gibes, +but with close-drawn lips and clenched teeth, in the determination that, +once having cast Satan out of them, he shall be bound down to keep the +peace of Christendom--"for a thousand years." + + GEORGE BIRDWOOD. + +[Illustration: WE'LL GIVE YOU THE TITLE OF MPRET OF POLAND + +The new Governor has had the title of Mpret given to him, the same that +was given to the ill-starred Prince of Wied when made ruler of Albania +in 1914.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +II--"SISYPHUS,--HIS STONE" + +Sisyphus, as the story goes, was a King who widely extended the +commerce, and largely increased the wealth, of Corinth, but by +avaricious and fraudful ways; for the sin whereof he was sentenced after +death to the unresting labour of rolling up a hill in Tartarus, a huge +unhewn block of stone, which so soon as he gets it to the hill top, for +all his efforts, rolls down again. In classical representation of the +scene he is associated with Tantalus and Ixion; Tantalus, who, presuming +too much on his relations with Zeus, was after death afflicted with an +unquenchable thirst amidst flowing fountains and pellucid lakes--like +the lakes of "The Thirst of the Antelope" in the marvellous mirages of +Rajputana and Mesopotamia--that ever elude his anguished approaches; and +with Ixion, the meanest and basest of cheats, and most demoniac of +murderers, whose posthumous punishment was in being stretched, and +broken, and bound, in the figure of the svastika, on a wheel which, +self-moved--like the wheels of the vision of Ezekiel--whirls forevermore +round and round the abyss of the nether world. The moral of these +tortures is that we may well and most wisely leave vengeance to "the +high Gods." They will repay! + + GEORGE BIRDWOOD. + +[Illustration: SISYPHUS] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS + +Nothing has damned the Germans more in the eyes of other nations, +belligerent and neutral alike, and nothing will have a more subtle and +lasting influence on future relations, than the revelation of stealthy +preparation for conquest under a mask of innocent and friendly +intercourse. The whole process of "peaceful penetration," pursued in a +thousand ways with infernal ingenuity and relentless determination, is +an exhibition of systematic treachery such as all the Macchiavellis have +never conceived. Germany has revealed herself as a nation of spies and +assassins. To take advantage of a neighbour's unsuspecting hospitality, +to enter his house with an air of open friendship, in order to stab him +in the back at a convenient moment, is an act of the basest treachery, +denounced by all mankind in all ages. No one would be more shocked by it +in private life than the Germans themselves. But when it is undertaken +methodically on a national scale under the influence of _Deutschland +ueber Alles_, the same conduct becomes ennobled in their eyes, they throw +themselves into it with enthusiasm and lose all sense of honour. Such is +the moral perversion worked by Kultur and the German theory of the +State. + +An inevitable consequence is that in future the movements and +proceedings of Germans in other countries will be watched with intense +suspicion, and if Governments do not prevent the sort of thing depicted +by Mr. Raemaekers the people will see to it themselves. The cartoon is +not, of course, intended to reflect personally on the owner of Krupp's +works, who is said to be a gentle-minded and blameless lady. It is her +misfortune to be associated by the chance of inheritance with the German +war machine and one of the underhand methods by which it has pursued its +aims. + + A. SHADWELL. + +[Illustration: ON CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS +BIG BERTHA: "What a charming view over Flushing harbour! May I build a +villa here?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +PALLAS ATHENE + +"Has it come to this?" Well may the Goddess ask this question. Times are +indeed changed since the heroic days. Germany has still her great Greek +scholars, one or two of them among the greatest living, men who know, +and can feel, the spirit, as well as the letter, of the old Classics. Do +they remember to-day what the relation of the Goddess of Wisdom was to +the God of War, in Homer, when, to use the Latin names which are perhaps +more familiar, to the general reader than the Greek, Mars "indulged in +lawless rage," and Jove sent Juno and Minerva to check his +"frightfulness?" + + "Go! and the great Minerva be thine aid; + To tame the monster-god Minerva knows, + And oft afflicts his brutal breast with woes." + +and how the hero Diomede, with Minerva's aid, wounded the divine bully +and sent him bellowing and whimpering back, only to hear from his father +the just rebuke: + + "To me, perfidious! this lamenting strain? + Of lawless force shall lawless Mars complain? + Of all the gods who tread the spangled skies, + Thou most unjust, most odious in our eyes! + Inhuman discord is thy dear delight, + The waste of slaughter, and the rage of fight!" + +It is most true. Such has ever been War for War's sake, and when the +Germans themselves are wounded and beaten, they complain like Mars of +old of "lawless force." + +But Raemaekers has introduced another touch more Roman than Greek, and +reminding us perhaps of Tacitus rather than of Homer. + +Who was Caligula, and what does his name mean? "Little Jack-boots," in +his childhood the spoiled child of the camp, as a man, and Caesar, the +first of the thoroughly mad, as well as bad, Emperors of Rome, the first +to claim divine honours in his lifetime, to pose as an artist and an +architect, an orator and a _litterateur_, to have executions carried out +under his own eyes, and while he was at meals; who made himself a God, +and his horse a Consul. + +Minerva blacking the boots of Caligula--it is a clever combination! + +But there is an even worse use of Pallas, which War and the German +War-lords have made. They have found a new Pallas of their own, not the +supernal Goddess of Heavenly Wisdom and Moderation, but her infernal +counterfeit, sung of by a famous English poet in prophetic lines that +come back to us to-day with new force. + + Who loves not Knowledge, who shall rail + Against her beauty, may she mix + With men and prosper, who shall fix + Her pillars? let her work prevail---- + +Yes, but how do the lines continue? + + What is she cut from love and faith + But some wild Pallas from the brain + + Of Demons, fiery hot to burst + All barriers in her onward race + For power? Let her know her place, + She is the second, not the first. + +Knowledge is power, but, unrestrained by conscience, a very awful power. + +This is the Pallas whom the "Demons," from whose brain she has sprung, +are using for their demoniac purposes. She too might have her portrait +painted--and they. Perhaps Raemaekers will paint them both before he has +done. + + HERBERT WARNER. + +[Illustration: PALLAS ATHENE "Has it come to this?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE WONDERS OF CULTURE + +Of all forms of "Kultur" or "frightfulness" that which materializes in +the "the terror which flieth by night" is to the intelligent mind at one +and the same time the most insensate and damnable. It fails to +accomplish, either in Paris or in London, the subjugation by terror of +the people for which Germans seem to hope. It is only in German +imagination that it accomplishes "material and satisfactory damage to +forts, camps, arsenals, and fortified towns." In reality it inflicts +misery and death upon a mere handful of people (horrible as that may be) +and destroys chiefly the homes of the poor. It serves no military end, +and the damage done is out of all proportion to the expenditure of +energy and material used to accomplish it. + +The fine cartoon which Raemaekers has drawn to bring home to the +imagination what this form of "Kultur" stands for makes it easy for us +in London to sympathize with our brothers and sisters in Paris. We have +as yet been spared daylight raids in the Metropolitan area, and so we +needed this cartoon to enable us to realize fully what "Kultur" by +indiscriminate Zeppelin bombs means. + +Who cannot see the cruel drama played out in that Paris street? The +artist has assembled for us in a few living figures all the actors. The +dead woman; the orphaned child, as yet scarcely realizing her loss; the +bereaved workman, calling down the vengeance of Heaven upon the +murderers from the air; the stern faces of the _sergents de ville_, +evidently feeling keenly their impotence to protect; and in the +background other _sergents_, the lines of whose bent backs convey in a +marvellous manner and with a touch of real genius the impression of +tender solicitude for the injured they are tending. And faintly +indicated, further still in the background, the crowd that differs +little, whether it be French or English, in its deeper emotions. + + CLIVE HOLLAND. + +[Illustration: THE WONDERS OF CULTURE] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"FOLK WHO DO NOT UNDERSTAND THEM" + +How often have I been asked by sorrow-stricken mothers and wives: "Why +does not Providence intervene either to stop this war, or at least to +check its cruelties and horrors?" If for many amongst us not yet +bereaved this European massacre is a puzzle, it should not cause us +dismay or surprise, if the widow or son-bereaved mother lifts up her +hands exclaiming: "Why did not God save him? Why did He let him be shot +down by those Huns?" + +Truth to tell, God has, so to speak, tied up His own hands in setting +ours free. When He placed the human race upon the surface of this planet +He dowered them with freedom, giving to each man self-determining force, +by the exercise of which he was to become better than a man or worse +than a beast. Good and evil, like wheat and cockle, grow together, in +the same field. The winnowing is at harvest-time, not before. Meanwhile, +we ourselves have lived to see the fairest portions of this fair +creation of God changed from a garden into a desert--pillaged, ravaged, +and brought to utter ruin by shot and shell, sword and fire. When I have +said this, I have but uttered a foreword to the hideous story, spoken +the prologue only of the "frightful" tragedy. We are all familiar with +at least some of the revolting facts and details with which the German +soldiery has been found charged and convicted by Commissions appointed +to investigate the crimes and atrocities adduced against them. The +verdicts of French, Belgian, and English tribunals are unanimous. They +all agree that Germany has been caught redhanded in her work of dyeing +the map of Europe red with innocent blood. + +When you bend your eyes to the pathetic cartoon standing opposite this +letterpress, is there not brought home to you in a way, touching even to +tears, the "frightful" consequences of the misuse of human powers, more +especially of the attribute of freedom? If Germany had chosen to use, +instead of brute force, moral force, what a great, grand, and glorious +mission might have been hers to-day. If, instead of trying the +impossible task of dominating the whole world with her iron hand upon +its throat and her iron heel upon its foot, she had been satisfied with +the portion of the map already belonging to her, and had not by +processes of bureaucratic tyranny driven away millions of her subjects +who preferred liberty to slavery, America to Germany, by this date she +might have consolidated an Empire second in the world to none but one. +Alas! in her over-reaching arrogance she has, on the contrary, set out +to de-Christianize, de-civilize, and even de-humanize the race for which +Christ lived and died. + +Our high mission it is to try to save her from herself. Already I can +read written in letters of blood carved into the gravestone of her +corrupted greatness, + + "Ill-weaved ambition, + How much art thou shrunk!" + + BERNARD VAUGHAN. + +[Illustration: LES BEAUTES DE LA GUERRE + +Folk who do not understand them.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +ON THE WAY TO CALAIS + +They are coming, like a tempest, in their endless ranks of gray, +While the world throws up a cloud of dust upon their awful way; +They're the glorious cannon fodder of the mighty Fatherland, +Born to make the kingdoms tremble and the nations understand. + + Tramp! Tramp! Tramp! the cannon fodder come + Along their way to Calais, (God help the hearth and home) + They'll do his will who taught them, on the earth and on the waves, + Till land and sea are festering with their unnumbered graves. + +The garrison and barrack and the fortress give them vent; +They sweep, a herd of winter wolves, upon the flying scent; +For all their deeds of horror they are told that death atones, +And their master's harvest cannot spring till he has sowed their bones. + + Into beasts of prey he's turned them; when they show their teeth and growl. + The lash is buried in their cheeks; they're slaughtered if they howl; + To their bloody Lord of Battles must they only bend the knee, + For hard as steel and fierce as hell should cannon fodder be. + +Scourge and curses are their portion, pain and hunger without end, +Till they hail the yell of shrapnel as the welcome of a friend; +They drink and burn and rape and laugh to hear the women cry, +And do the devil's work to-day, but on the morrow die. + + Drift! Drift! Drift! the cannon fodder go + Upon their way to Calais, (God feed the carrion crow.) + They've done his will who taught them that the Germans shall be slaves, + Till land and sea are festering with their unnumbered graves. + + EDEN PHILLPOTTS. + +[Illustration: THE YSER. "We are on our way to Calais."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG AND TRUTH + + _"Incorrupta Fides, nudaque Veritas"_ + HORACE + + "Good Faith unstained, and Truth all-unadorned" + +_Nuda veritas_: it was Horace who in a famous Ode first presented the +figure of Truth thus. And whom did he make her companions and sisters? +They were three, and their names were "Modesty," "Fair Dealing," and +"Good Faith." The four sisters do indeed go together in a quadruple +alliance and _entente_, and when one is flouted or estranged, the others +are alienated and become enemies too. + +The Germans were believed to be--some few still believe them to be--a +"truth-loving nation." They had a passion, we were told, for truth, for +accuracy, for scientific exactness. Theirs might be a blunt and brutal +frankness, but they were at least downright and truthful. + +Well, they first flouted Modesty--they bragged and blustered, bluffed +and "bounded." They could not keep it up. They had to act. Fair Dealing +went by the board. Then Good Faith became impossible, for, as this very +von Bethmann-Hollweg declared, "Necessity knew no law." Now they have +forsaken Truth. They must deceive their own people. The "lie" has +entered into their soul. Never was so systematic a use made of +falsehoods small and great. + +But Truth expelled is not powerless. Naked, she is still not weaponless. +She has her little "periscope," her magic mirror, which shows the liar +himself, as well as the world, what he is like. And she has another +weapon, as those who know their "Paradise Lost" will remember: + + "Bright Ithuriel's lance + Truth kindling truth where'er it glance" + +It is not shown here, for it is invisible, but none the less potent. +With it Truth can indeed "shame the devil." She not only shows what the +liar is like outside, but reveals his inner hideousness, and actual +shape, for all to see. + +There are many sayings about Truth, and they are all awkward for the +liar. "Truth will out," said a witty English judge, "even in an +affidavit." It will out, even in a German Chancellor's _dementi_. + +The most famous is + + "_Magna est veritas et praevalet_" + + "Great is Truth and she prevails," in the end. + +Yes, "She is on the path, and nothing will stop her." She started on the +hills of the little but free republic of Switzerland; she is slowly +traversing the plains of the vast free republic of America. Her last +contest will be over the Germans themselves. + + HERBERT WARREN. + +[Illustration: VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG AND TRUTH + +"Truth is on the path and nothing will stay her."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +VAN TROMP AND DE RUYTER + +A generation ago a little clique of wise men at Oxford patted themselves +on the back for having discovered "The Historical Method." But the +common people of all countries have always known it. The names of the +great dead are not forgotten, nor yet the great things for which they +stood. There may be no strict liturgy for the ancestor worship of the +West, but that worship is a simple fact, and it is a thing that timorous +politicians would do well to remember. Here Raemaekers appeals to his +countrymen to regard their past, to be worthy of the great seamen who +took the Dutch fleet up the Medway, and lashed brooms to the mast-head +of the ships that swept the sea clear of British enemies. + +The Dutch were fighting for their liberty then. Great Britain is +fighting for liberty in Europe to-day--and for Dutch liberty to boot. +The enemy of all liberty uses Holland as a short cut whereby her pirates +of the air can get more quickly to their murder work in England. Would +the hero ancestors, of whom the Dutch so boast, have tolerated this +indignity? The artist seer supplies the answer. + +Note the mixture of the ghostly and the real in this vivid and vivacious +drawing. But if it is easy to see through the faint outlines of the +sailor spirits, it is easier for these gallant ghosts to see through the +unrealities of their descendants' fears and hesitations. The anger of +the heroes is plainly too great for words. How compressed the lips! How +tense the attitude! The hands gripped in the angriest sort of +impatience! Mark the subtle mingling of seaman and burgher in the poise +and figures. Mark particularly Van Tromp's stiffened forefinger on his +staff. + +Is the fate of L19 the fruit of our artist's stinging reminder that +Holland once had nobler spirits and braver days? + + ARTHUR POLLEN. + +[Illustration: VAN TROMP AND DE RUYTER + +"So long as you permit Zeppelins to cross our land you surely should +cease to boast of our deeds." + +Whenever a Dutchman wishes to speak of the great past of his country he +calls to mind the names of these heroes.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +WAR AND CHRIST + +The deliberate war made by Prussia in all those areas which she can +reach or occupy against the symbols and sacred objects of the Christian +faith is a phenomenon in every way worthy of consideration. It is +clearly not a matter of accident. The bombardment at Rheims Cathedral, +for example, can be proved to have been deliberate. It had no military +object; and the subsequent attempts to manufacture a military reason for +it only produced a version of the occurrence not only incredible but in +flat contradiction to the original admissions of the Germans themselves. +But such episodes as those of Rheims and Louvain merely attract the +attention of the world because of the celebrity of the outraged shrines. +All who are familiar with the facts know that deliberate sacrilege no +less than deliberate rape and deliberate murder has everywhere marked +the track of the German army. + +The offence has been malignant. That does not, of course, mean that it +has been irrational; quite the contrary. One fully admits that Prussia, +being what she is, has every cause to hate the Cross, and every motive +to vent the agonized fury of a lost soul upon things sacred to the God +she hates. + +The moral suggested by this cartoon of Raemaekers' must not be confused +with the ridiculous and unhistoric pretence that war itself is +essentially unchristian. When Mr. Bernard Shaw, if I remember right, +drew from the affair of Rheims the astonishing moral that we cannot have +at the same time "glorious wars and glorious cathedrals," he might +surely have remembered that the age in which Rheims Cathedral was built, +whatever else it was, was not an age of Pacifism. The insult to Jesus +Christ is not in the sword (which in His own words He came to bring), +but in the profanation of the sword. It is in cruelty, injustice, +treachery, unbridled lust, the worship of unrighteous strength--in fact, +in all that can be summed up in the single word "Prussia." + + CECIL CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: WAR AND CHRIST] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +BARBED WIRE + +Save for the spiked helmets, the gruesome figures in the foreground of +this cartoon might have belonged in life to any one of the warring +nationalities. It is a noteworthy fact, however, that not one of the +nations at war has shown so little care for its dead as Germany, whose +corpses lie and rot on every front on which they are engaged. + +The world cannot blame Germany for the introduction of barbed wire as an +accessory of war, though it is well known that German wire surpasses any +other in sheer devilish ingenuity; not that it is more effective as an +entanglement, but its barbs are longer, and are set more closely +together, than in the wire used by other nationalities; it is, in short, +more frightful, and thus is in keeping with the rest of the accessories +of the German war machine. + +But this in the cartoon is normal barbed wire, with its normal burden. +One may question whether the All-Highest War Lord, who in the course of +his many inspections of the various fronts must have seen sights like +this, is ever troubled by the thought that these, his men, lie and hang +thus for his pleasure, that their ghastly fate is a part of his glorious +plan. He set out to remake the world, and here is one of the many +results--broken corpses in the waste. + +Part of the plan, broken corpses in the waste. By the waste and the +corpses that he made shall men remember the author and framer of this +greatest war. + + E. CHARLES VIVIAN. + +[Illustration: BARBED WIRE] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE HIGHER POLITICS + +There is a significance in this cartoon which I believe will appeal much +more strongly to the firing line than to Home. The Front distrusts +politics, and especially the higher politics. That means the juggling +and wire-pulling of the Chancelleries, and the Front has an uneasy +conviction that at the subtleties and craftiness and cunning of the +diplomatic game we cannot compete with "The Bosche." Hard knocks and +straight fighting the Front does understand, and at that game are +cheerfully confident of winning in the long run. + +It would be bitter news to the fighting men that any peace had been +patched up on any terms but those the Allies soon or late will be in a +position to dictate, to lay down and say flatly, "Take them and have +Peace; or leave them and go on getting licked." The Front doesn't like +War. No man who has endured the horrors and savagery and "blood, mud, +and misery" of civilized warfare could pretend to like it. No man who +has endured the long-drawn misery of manning the waterlogged trenches +for days and weeks and months can look forward with anything but +apprehension to another winter of war. No man who has attacked across +the inferno of the shell-and-bullet-swept "neutral ground," or has hung +on with tight-clenched teeth to the battered ruins of the forward fire +trench under a murderous rain of machine-gun and rifle bullets, a +howling tempest of shells, an earth-shaking tornado of high explosives, +can but long for the day when Peace will be declared and these horrors +will be no more than a past nightmare. + +But the Front will "stick it" for another winter or several winters, +will go through many bitter attacks and counter-attacks to win the +complete victory that will ensure, and alone will ensure, lasting peace. +We know our limitations and our weaknesses. We admit that, as the +American journalist bluntly put it, we are "poor starters," but we know +just as surely he was right in completing the phrase, "but darn good +finishers." Let the "higher politicians" on our side stand down and +leave the fighting men to finish the argument. Let them keep the ring +clear, and let the Front fight it out. The Front doesn't mind "taking +the responsibility," and it will give "Kaiser Bill" and "Little Willie" +all the responsibilities they can handle before the Great Game is over. + + BOYD CABLE. + +[Illustration: THE HIGHER POLITICS + +THE KAISER "We will propose peace terms; if they accept them, we are the +gainers, if they refuse them, the responsibility will rest with them."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE LOAN GAME + +Raemaekers is pitiless, but never oversteps the truth. National Debts +are ever national millstones, worn around the neck. They are worn +unwillingly, and they are not ornamental; they are a burden, and the +weight is sometimes crushing. A prospect of that sort seems to be the +lot of several of the "Great Powers" of Europe for the remainder, and +the greater portion, of the Twentieth Century. Though German +"civilization" were more worthy of such a term and its associations as +Kultur ten times over, would it become any Potentate and his advisers to +impose it on so many countries at such a cost in suffering as all +this--and more? + +But Kaiser Wilhelm and his crew of State-at-any-price men impose not on +other peoples only: they impose on their own kith and kin. Look at these +three sad and apprehensive figures playing the Loan Game--the first, the +second, the third Loan! Children, says the artist, passing the coin from +one hand to another's, and getting richer at each pass!! Yes, children, +the German people treated so by a few dominies. State dominies and the +Director (or dupe!) at Berlin! No people gains, every people loses by +incurring a Debt; but in Germany, and to-day! to incur an indebtedness, +contract a loss, does not suffice; the people must not know it. + +Even the children know that coin has not left them richer: many, very +many Germans know the Kultur War to be ruinous: but Berlin must play the +Game still, and assume that the tricks and aims cannot be understood! It +is lack of regard for other nations carried into German Finance; and all +because the bureaucratic military heart is a stone. The piling up of +State paper goes on, but not merrily, as Michael goes from Darlehnkasse +to Reichsbank, one, two, three (and is about to go the fourth time!). +This game of processions to the Kasse does not increase the available +wealth within beleaguered Germany: and the 100-mark Note has no +reference to material wealth securing it. + +Now, the Commercial magnates of Germany realize the crushing fact--No +indemnity possible!! and what of the Notes which are held? When shades +of night fall heavily, and the Loan Game can be played no more, will the +German people, tricked and impoverished, go to bed supperless and +silent? German finance IS "a scrap of paper." + + W. M. J. WILLIAMS. + +[Illustration: WE DON'T UNDERSTAND THIS LOAN GAME + +In Germany there is a game by which children passing a coin from one to +another are supposed to but do not get richer.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +A WAR OF RAPINE + +True, O Liebknecht, it is indeed a war of rapine, engendered, planned, +and brought about by the nation to which you belong. Yet, foul as is +that nation, its foulness is not greater than your futility, by which +you show up the strength of that which you oppose with as much effect as +our own Snowden and Casement can claim for their efforts to arrest the +work of the Allies. + +Men who claim British birth claim also the quality of loyalty, as a +rule, and thus there can be little sympathy with such a one as this +Liebknecht, whom Raemaekers shows as a little ascetic in the presence of +the sombre War Lord. It is part of the plan of Nature that every country +shall breed men like this: men who are constitutionally opposed to the +current of affairs, ridiculously futile, blatantly noisy, the type of +which extreme Socialists and Syndicalists are made. Possessed of a +certain obstinacy which is almost akin to courage, they accomplish +nothing, save to remain in the public eye. + +Such is Liebknecht, apostle of a creed that would save the world by the +gospel of mediocrity, were human nature other than it is. But, in +considering this Liebknecht, let us not forget that he has no more love +for England, or for any of the Allies, than the giant whom he attempts +so vainly to oppose: he is an apostle, not of peace, but of mere +obstruction, perhaps well-meaning in his way, but as futile as the Crown +Prince, and as ludicrous. + + E. CHARLES VIVIAN. + +[Illustration: LUTHER-LIEBKNECHT IN THE REICHSTAG + +"It is a war of rapine! On that I take my stand. I cannot do otherwise." +Liebknecht was the one member who protested against the war.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE DUTCH JUNKERS + +Some of these drawings remind us that the great cartoonist's message was +primarily delivered to his own countrymen. They explain why he was +accused, but not convicted, of endangering the neutrality of the +Netherlands. He presents the German monster as a menace to all freedom, +and not least to the freedom of the Dutch people. Germany's allies have +sold theirs; they are harnessed to the Prussian war chariot, and must +drag it whither the driver bids them, whip in hand. The nations in arms +against Germany are fighting for their own and each other's freedom; and +the neutrals stand looking anxiously on. Raemaekers warns them that +their freedom too is at stake. He sees that it will disappear if the +Allies fail in the struggle, and he shows his countrymen what they may +expect. + +In every country there are some ignoble souls who would rather embrace +servitude than fight for freedom. They have a conscientious objection +to--danger. How far the Dutch Junkers deserve Raemaekers' satire it is +not for foreigners to judge. But we know the type he depicts--the +sporting "nuts," with their careful get-up, effeminate paraphernalia, +and vacuous countenances. So long as they can wear a sporting costume +and carry a gun they are prepared to take a menial place under a +Prussian over-lord and submit with a feeble fatalism to the loss of +national independence. It is light satire in keeping with the subject, +and it provides a relief to the sombre tragedy which is the artist's +prevailing mood. + + A. SHADWELL. + +[Illustration: THE DUTCH JUNKERS + +"At least we shall get posts as gamekeepers when Germany takes us after +the war."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE WAR MAKERS + + _Who are the Makers of Wars?_ + The Kings of the Earth. + + _And who are these Kings of the Earth?_ + Only men--not always even men of worth, + But claiming rule by right of birth. + + _And Wisdom?--does that come by birth?_ + Nay then--too often the reverse. + Wise father oft has son perverse, + Solomon's son was Israel's curse. + + _Why suffer things to reason so averse?_ + It always has been so, + And only now does knowledge grow + To that high point where all men know-- + Who would be free must strike the blow. + + _And how long will man suffer so?_ + Until his soul of Freedom sings, + And, strengthened by his sufferings, + He breaks the worn-out leading-strings, + And calls to stricter reckonings + Those costliest things--unworthy Kings. + +Here you have them!--Pilloried for all time! + +And what a crew! These pitiful self-seekers and their dupes! + +Not the least amazing phenomenon of these most amazing times is the fact +that millions of men should consent to be hurled to certain death, and +to permit the ruin of their countries, to satisfy the insensate +ambitions of rulers, who, when all is said and done, are but men, and in +some cases even of alien birth and personally not specially beloved by +them. + +Surely one outcome of this world-war will be the birth of a new +determination in every nation that its own voice and its own will shall +control its own destinies--that no one man or self-appointed clique +shall swing it to ruin for his or their own selfish purposes. Who pays +the piper must in future call the tune. + + "The world has suffered much too long. + O wonder of the ages-- + O marvel of all time-- + This wonderful great patience of the peoples! + How long, O Lord, how long?" + +The answer cannot come too soon for the good of the world. + + JOHN OXENHAM. + +[Illustration: VOX POPULI SUPREMA LEX + +The Kaiser: "Don't bother about your people, Tino. People only have to +applaud what we say."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE CHRISTMAS OF KULTUR, A.D. 1915 + +Mary, worn with grief and fear, covers her emaciated face with scarred +hands, as she kneels in prayer before the infant Jesus. Joseph, grown +old and feeble, nails up a barricade of planks to strengthen the door +against the missiles of Kultur already bursting through it and +threatening the sleeping child. So in that first Christmas, nineteen +centuries ago, he saved Mary's child from the baby-massacre ordered by +Herod to preserve his own throne. + +Kultur, the gathered wisdom of the ages, has brought us back to the same +Holy War. What a Christmas! What a Festival of Peace and goodwill +towards men! + +People ask: Why does God allow it? Is God dead? Foolish questions. When +I was at school I had the good fortune to be under a great teacher whose +name is honoured to-day. He used to tell us that the most terrible verse +in the Bible was: "So He gave them up unto their own hearts' lust and +they walked in their own counsels" (Ps. lxxxi, 13). + +Man has the knowledge of good and evil; he has eaten of the tree and +insists on going his own way. He knows best. Is not this the age of +science and Kultur? We must not cry out if the road we have chosen leads +to disaster. + +Yet still the Child of Christmas lives and a divine light shines round +His head. He sleeps. + + A. SHADWELL. + +[Illustration: CHRISTMAS EVE + +JOSEPH: "The Holy War is at the door!"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +SERBIA + +Genius has set forth the most brutal characteristic of the Hun. In +moments of triumph, invariably he is the bully, and, as invariably, he +wallows in brutality--witness Belgium under his iron heel and, in this +cartoon, stricken Serbia impotent to ward off the blow about to be dealt +by a monstrous fist. That is the Teuton conception of War, Merry War +(_Lustige Krieg_)! In the English prize-ring we have an axiom indelibly +impressed upon novices--"Follow up one stout blow with +another--_quick_!" That, also, is the consummate art of war. But when a +man is knocked out we don't savage him as he lies senseless at our feet. +The Hun does. His axiom is--"As you are strong, be merciless!" + +In the small pig-eyes, in the gross, sensual lips, the mandril-like jaw, +the misshapen ear, I see not merely a lifelike portrait of a Hun but a +composite photograph of all Huns, something which should hang in every +house in the kingdom until the terms of such a peace have been imposed +which will make the shambles in Belgium, Poland, and Serbia an eternal +nightmare of the past, never to be repeated in the future. And over the +anaemic hearts of the Trevelyans, the Ramsay MacDonalds, the Arthur +Ponsonbys, who dare to prattle of a peace that shall not humiliate +Germany, I would have this cartoon tattooed, not in indigo, but in +vermilion. + +If Ulysses Grant exacted from the gallant Robert Lee "Unconditional +Surrender," and if our generation approves--as it does--that grim +ultimatum, what will be the verdict of posterity should we as a +nation--we who have been spared the unspeakable horrors under which +other less isolated countries have been "bled white"--descend to the +infamy of a compromise between the Powers of Darkness and Light? The +Huns respect Force, and nothing else. Mercy provokes contempt and +laughter. I hold no brief for reprisals upon helpless women and +children; I am not an advocate of what is called the "commercial +extermination of Germany"; but it is my sincerest conviction that +criminals must be punished. The Most Highest War Lord and his people, +not excluding the little children who held high holiday when the +_Lusitania_ was torpedoed, are--CRIMINALS. + +HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL. + +[Illustration: SERBIA] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE LAST OF THE RACE + +Raemaekers, the master of an infinite variety of moods and touch, +reserves a special category of scorn for Von Tirpitz. Savage cruelty in +war, the wanton destruction of life and property, the whole gospel of +frightfulness--these things have been abandoned (so the historians tell +us), not because savagery was bad morals but because it was the worst +way of making war. It was wiser to take the enemy's property--and put it +to your own use than to destroy it. If it was plundered it was wasted. +It was wiser to spare men, women, and children, so that they should be +better subjects if they remained conquered, less irreconcilable enemies, +if they were restored to their old allegiance. Besides, murder, plunder, +and rapine demoralized your men. They made them less efficient troops +for fighting. Doubtless the argument is sound. But it would never have +been accepted had not the horrors of savagery been utterly loathsome and +repulsive to the nations that abandoned them. + +Conventions in the direction of humanity are not, then, _artificial_ +restrictions in the use of force. They are natural restrictions, because +all Christian and civilized people would far rather observe them than +not. Germany has revelled in abandoning every restraint. Raemaekers +shows the cruelty, the wickedness of this in scores of his drawings. +Here it is its folly that he emphasizes. + +The submarine is no longer a death-dealing terror. It has become a +blubbering fish. And the author of its crimes is no diabolical triton, +but a semi-imbecile old dotard, round whom his evil--but +terrified--brood have clustered; they fawning on him in terror, he +fondling them in shaky, decrepit fondness. Note the flaccid paunch, the +withered top, and the foolish, hysterical face. How the full-dress +cocked hat shames his nakedness! + +And this, remember, is the German High Admiral as history will know him, +when the futility of his crimes is proved, their evil put out of memory, +and only their foolishness remains! + + ARTHUR POLLEN. + +[Illustration: THE LAST OF THE RACE + +VON TIRPITZ: No, my dears, I'm not sending any more of you to those +wicked English; the survivors shall go to the Zoo."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE CURRICULUM + +The nations are being educated amain, let us hope. Germany has prided +herself on her education, her learning, and on her Kultur. To-day she is +beyond the calculation of all that foresight which has been her boast, +and foible. Human nature, other than German, has not been on the +national curriculum, and, as in other departments of study, what has not +been reduced to rule and line is beyond the ken and apprehension. How +stupendously wrong a Power which could count, and into a European War! +on insurrection in India, the Cape, and other parts of the British +Empire! and how naively did Herr von Bethmann-Hollweg disclose the +_Zeitgeist_ of German rulers when with passion he declared Britain to be +going to war for "a scrap of paper!" A purpose to serve, a treaty +becomes "a scrap"--in German courtly hands. + +The artist depicts a scene, with masterly pencil, where Von +Bethmann-Hollweg himself is charged by the All-Highest to be +schoolmaster. It is a grim department of the training. Think of the +unseen as well as that shown. What you do see is the lordly, truculent +Kaiser, raising that menacing finger again. In spacious chair, he sits +defiant, aggressive, as a ferocious captain; and there opposite is the +"great Chancellor," bent, submissive, apprehensive, tablet and pencil +ready to take down the very word of Kaiserly wisdom and will. What is +it? The day's fare for a week! reaching a climax of "No dinner" on +Saturday, and "Hate" on Sunday! Educative! of course it will be. + +Some day, not so far, even the German people will not regard the orders +of the Army and Navy Staff, the cruel mercies of the Junkers, as a +revelation of Heaven's will. Three pounds of sugar for a family's +monthly supply will educate, even when the gospel of force has been +preached for fifty years to a docile people. Many of us are in "a strait +betwixt two" as we see how thousands of inoffensive old men, women, and +children are made to suffer, are placed by the All-Highest in this +Copper and Hate School. It is not this, that, and the other that causes +this, but the Director of the School, who does not, while the miserable +scholars do, know what it is to endure "No dinner," not only on +Saturdays, but many other days. And all to gratify the mad projectors +imposing Kultur on an unwilling world! + + W. M. J. WILLIAMS. + +[Illustration: THE NEW SCHOOL CURRICULUM + +William: "Write it down, schoolmaster--Monday shall be Copper Day, +Tuesday, Potato Day, Wednesday, Leather Day; Thursday, Gold Day, Friday, +Rubber Day; Saturday, No Dinner Day; and Sunday, Hate Day!"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE DUTCH JOURNALIST TO HIS BELGIAN CONFRERE + +Whether the type here taken is a true criticism of a commercial attitude +in a neutral State like Holland, it does not become us to discuss. +Raemaekers is a Dutchman, and doubtless a patriotic Dutchman. And the +patriot, and the patriot alone, has not only the right but the duty of +criticising his own country. + +For us it is better to regard the figure as an international, and often +anti-national, character who exists in all nations, and who, even in a +belligerent country like our own, can often contrive to be neutral and +worse than neutral. A prosperous bully with the white waistcoat and +coarse, heavily cuffed hands, with which such prosperity very frequently +clothes itself, is represented as thrusting food in the starved face of +an evicted Belgian and saying: "Eat and hold your tongue." + +The situation is worthy of such record, if only because it emphasizes an +element in the general German plot against the world which is often +forgotten in phrases about fire and sword. The Prussianized person is +not only a military tyrant; he is equally and more often a mercantile +tyrant. And what is in this respect true of the German is as true or +truer of the Pro-German. + +The cosmopolitan agent of Prussia is a commercial agent, and works by +those modern methods of bribing and sacking, of boycott and blackmail, +which are not only meaner, but often more cruel, than militarism. For +any one who realizes the power of such international combinations, there +is the more credit due to the artists and men of letters who, like +Raemaekers himself, have decisively chosen their side while the issue +was very doubtful. And among the Belgian confreres there must certainly +have been many who showed as much courage as any soldier, when they +decided not to eat and be silent, but to starve and to speak. + + G. K. CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: THE DUTCH JOURNALIST TO HIS BELGIAN CONFRERE: "Eat and +hold your tongue."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +A BORED CRITIC + +From Homeric warfare to subterranean conflict of modern trenches is a +far cry, and Ares, God of Battles, may well yawn at the entertainment +with which the Demon of War is providing him. But the spectator of this +grim "revue" lacks something of the patience of its creator, and our +Mephistopheles, marking the god's protest, will doubtless hurry the +scene and diversify it with new devilries to restore his interest. +Indeed, that has happened since Raemaekers made his picture. + +The etiquette of butchery has become more complicated since Troy fell, +yet it has been so far preserved till now that the fiend measures Ares +with his eyes and speculates as to how far the martial god may be +expected to tolerate his novel engines. Will asphyxiating gas, and +destruction of non-combatants and neutrals on land and sea, trouble him? +Or will he demand the rules of the game, and decline to applaud this +satire on civilization, although mounted and produced regardless of cost +and reckoning? + +As the devil's own entertainment consists in watching the effects of his +masterpiece on this warlike spectator, so it may be that those who +"staged" the greatest war in mankind's history derive some bitter +instruction from its reception by mankind. They know now that it is +condemned by every civilized nation on earth; and before these lines are +published their uncivilized catspaws will have ample reason to condemn +it also. Neutrals there must be, but impartials none. + +The sense and spirit of the thinking world now go so far with human +reason that they demand a condition of freedom for all men and nations, +be they weak or powerful. That ideal inspires the majority of human +kind, and it follows that the evolution of morals sets strongly on the +side of the Allies. + +"War," says Bernhardi, "gives a biologically just decision, since its +decisions rest on the very nature of things." So be it. + + EDEN PHILLPOTTS. + +[Illustration: "I say, do suggest something new. This is becoming too +boring."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"The Peace Woman" + +In this humorous yet pathetic cartoon--humorous because of its truth to +the type, and pathetic because of the futility of the effort +depicted--with unfailing skill the artist shows the folly of the cry +"Peace! Peace!" when there is none. In the forefront is a type of woman +publicist who can never be happy unless the limelight secured by vocal +effort and the advocacy of a "crazy" cause is focussed upon her. She +calls "Peace!" that the world may hear, not attend. Behind her stands +that other type of detached "peace woman," who has, judging from her +placid yet grieved expression, apparently scarcely realized that the War +is too serious and has its genesis in causes too deep-rooted to be +quelled by her or her kind. One can imagine her saying: "A war! How +terrible! It must be stopped." + +The soldier, who is wise enough to prefer armour-plate even to a shield +provided by substantially built peace women clad in white, looks on +amused. The thinking world as a whole so looks on at "Arks" launched by +American millionaire motor manufacturers, and at Pacifist Conferences +held whilst the decision as to whether civilization or savagery shall +triumph, and might be greater than right, yet hangs in the balance. +There must be no thought of peace otherwise than as the ultimate reward +of gallant men fighting in a just cause, and until with it can come +permanent security from the "Iron Fist" of Prussian Militarism and +aggression, and the precepts of Bernhardi and his kind are shown to be +false. Those who talk of peace in the midst of "frightfulness," of +piracy, of reckless carnage and colossal sacrifices of human life which +are the fruits of an attempt to save by military glory a crapulous +dynasty, however good their intention, lack both mental and moral +perspective. + + CLIVE HOLLAND. + +[Illustration: + +THE PEACE WOMAN: "We will march in white before our sons." + +THE NEUTRAL SOLDIER: "Madam, we would prefer the protection of an +armour-plate."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE SELF-SATISFIED BURGHER + +The artist has depicted the ordinary attitude of a self-satisfied +burgher not only in Holland but in other countries also. "What does it +matter if we are annexed afterwards, so long as we remain neutral now?" +That is the sort of speech made by selfish merchants in some of the +neutral countries, especially those of Scandinavian origin. It is really +a variety of the old text: "Let us eat, drink, and be merry; for +to-morrow we die." Why not, it is urged, make the best of present +facilities? As long as we are left alone we can pursue our ordinary +industrialism. We can heap up our percentages and profits. Our trade is +in a fairly flourishing condition, and we are making money. No one knows +what the future may bring; why, therefore, worry about it? Besides, if +the worst comes to the worst and Germany annexes us, are we quite sure +that we shall be in a much worse condition than we are now? It will be +to the interest of Berlin that we should carry on our usual industrial +occupations. Our present liberty will probably not be interfered with, +and a change of masters does not always mean ruin. + +So argues the self-satisfied burgher. If life were no more than a mere +matter of getting enough to eat and drink and of having a balance at the +banker's, his view of the case might pass muster. But a national life +depends on spiritual and ideal interests, just as a man's life +"consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth." +Freedom is the only principal of growth, and freedom is the one thing +which German militarism desires to make impossible for all those whom +she gathers into her fold. The loss of liberty means the ruin of all +those ends for which a State exists. Even the material prosperity which +the self-satisfied burgher desires will be definitely sacrificed by a +submission to Teutonic autocracy. + + W. L. COURTNEY. + +[Illustration: THE SELF-SATISFIED BURGHER + +"What does it matter if we're annexed afterwards, so long as we remain +neutral now?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE DECADENT + +War is a fiery winnower of incapacities. Many reputations have gone to +the scrap-heap since August, 1914. None more surely than that of the +braggart Crown Prince. It is said that this terrible catastrophe was +largely of his bringing about and his great desire and hope. + +Well--he has got his desire, and more than he expected. + +He was going to do mighty things--to smash through the frontier and lead +the German hordes triumphantly through France. And what has he done? + +In the treacherous surprise of the moment he got across the frontier, +and there the weighty French fist met the Imperial optic, and has since +developed many stars in it. He has been held, wasting men, time, +opportunity, and his own little apology for a soul. He has done nothing +to justify his position or even his existence. He has wrecked his +home-life by wanton indulgence. He has made himself notorious by his +private lootings of the chateaux cursed with his presence. + +Even in 1870 the native cupidity of the far finer breed of conquerors +could not resist the spoils of war, and, to their eternal disgrace, +trainloads of loot were sent away to decorate German homes--as burglars' +wives might wear the jewellery acquired by their adventurous menfolk in +the course of their nefarious operations. + +But we never heard of "Unser Fritz," the then Crown Prince, ransacking +the mansions he stayed in. He was a great man and a good--the very last +German gentleman. And this decadent is his grandson! + +"Unser Fritz" was a very noble-looking man. His grandson--oh, well, look +at him and judge for yourselves! Of a surety the sight is calculated to +heighten one's amazement that any nation under the sun, or craving it, +could find in such a personality, even as representative of a once great +but now exploding idea, anything whatever even to put up with, much less +to worship and die for. + +The race of Hohenzollern has wilted and ravelled out to this. The whole +world, outside Prussia, devoutly hopes ere long to have seen the last of +it. + +It has been at all times, with the single exception above noted, a +hustling, grabbing, self-seeking race. May the eyes of Germany soon be +opened! Then, surely, it will be thrust back into the obscurity whence +heaven can only have permitted it to escape for the flagellation of a +world which was losing its ideals and needed bracing back with a sharp, +stern twist. + + JOHN OXENHAM. + +[Illustration: SEPTEMBER, 1914, AND SEPTEMBER, 1915 + +1914: "Now the war begins as we like it." + +1915: "But this is not as I wished it to continue." +(Published after the French success in Champagne)] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +LIQUID FIRE + +When one sits down to think, there are few things in connection with the +devastating War now raging, wild-beast-like, almost throughout the +length and breadth of Europe, so appalling as the application of science +and man's genius to the work of decimating the human species. + +Early in the conflict, which is being fought for the basal principles of +civilization and moral human conduct, one was made to realize that the +Allied Powers were opposed to an enemy whose resources were only +equalled by his utter negation of the rules of civilized warfare. Soon, +to the horrors of machine-guns and of high-explosive shells of a calibre +and intensity of destructive force never before known, were added the +diabolical engines for pouring over the field of battle asphyxiating +gases. We know the horrors of that mode of German "frightfulness," and +some of us have seen its effects in the slowly dying victims in +hospitals. But that was not enough. Yet other methods of "frightfulness" +and savagery, which would have disgraced the most ruthless conquerors of +old, were to be applied by the German Emperor in his blasphemous "Gott +mit uns" campaign. And against the gallant sons of Belgium, France, +England, and Russia in turn were poured out with bestial ingenuity the +jets and curtains of "liquid fire" which seared the flesh and blinded +the eyes. For this there will be a reckoning if God be still in heaven +whilst the world trembles with the shock of conflict, and the souls of +men are seared. + +Raemaekers in this cartoon shows not only the horror of such a method of +warfare, but also, with unerring pencil, the unwavering spirit of the +men who have to meet this "frightfulness." There is a land to be +redeemed, and women and children to be avenged, and so the fighting men +of the allied nations go gallantly on with their stern, amazed faces set +towards victory. + + CLIVE HOLLAND. + +[Illustration: LIQUID FIRE] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +NISH AND PARIS + +Very happily and very graphically has Raemaekers here pointed the +contrast between the Gargantuan hopes with which the Kaiser and his +Junker army embarked on the War, and the exiguous and shadowy fruits of +their boasted victories up to the present. They foretold a triumphal +entry into the conquered capital of France within a month of the opening +of hostilities. Yet the irony of Fate has, slowly but surely, cooled the +early fever of anticipation. The only captured town where the +All-Highest has found an opportunity of lifting his voice in exultant +paean is Nish, a secondary city of the small kingdom of Serbia. There, +too, he perforce delayed his jubilation until the lapse of some eighteen +months after the date provisionally and prematurely fixed in the first +ebullition of overconfidence, for his triumphal procession through +Paris. + +Nish is a town of little more than 20,000 inhabitants; about the size of +Taunton or Hereford--smaller than Woking or Dartford. Working on a basis +of comparative populations, the Emperor would have to repeat without +more delay his bravery at Nish in 150 towns of the same size before he +could convince his people that he is even now on the point of fulfilling +his first rash promises to them of the rapid overthrow of his foes. +Pursuing the same calculation, he is bound to multiply his present +glories 350 times before he can count securely on spending a night as +conquering hero in Buckingham Palace. + +Even the Kaiser must know in his heart that woefully, from his own and +his people's point of view, did he overestimate his strength at the +outset. For the time he contents himself with the backwater of Nish for +the scene of his oratory of conquest. His vainglorious words may well +prove in their environment the prelude of a compulsory confession of +failure, which is likely to come at a far briefer interval than the +eighteen months which separate the imaginary hope of Paris from the +slender substance of Nish. + + SIDNEY LEE. + +[Illustration: THE TRIALS OF A COURT PAINTER + +"I commenced this as the entry into Paris, but I must finish it as the +entry into Nish."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND! + +In these sombre times one is grateful for a touch of humour, and it +would perhaps be impossible to conceive in all created nature a +spectacle so exquisitely ludicrous as the appearance of the Prussian in +the guise of a Wronged Man. For, of course, it is the very foundation of +the Prussian theory that there can be no such thing as a wronged man. +Might is right. That which physical force has determined and shall +determine is the only possible test of justice. That was the diabolic +but at least coherent philosophy upon which the Kingdom of Prussia was +originally based and upon which the German Empire created by Prussia +always reposed. + +Nor was that philosophy--which among other things dictated this +war--ever questioned, much less abandoned, by the Germans so long as it +seemed probable to the world and certain to them that they were destined +to win. Now that it has begun to penetrate even into their mind that +they are probably going to lose, we find them suddenly blossoming out as +pacifists and humanitarians. + +Especially are they indignant at the "cruelty" of the blockade. It is +not necessary to examine seriously a contention so obviously absurd. Any +one acquainted with the history of war knows the blockade of an enemy's +ports is a thing as old as war itself. Every one acquainted with the +records of the last half-century knows that Prussia owes half her +prestige to the reduction of Paris in 1871--effected solely by the +starvation of its civilian inhabitants. + +But the irony goes deeper than that. Look at the face of the Prussian in +"Raemaekers' Cartoons" and you will understand why Germans in America, +Holland, and other neutral countries are now talking pacifism and +exuding humanitarian sentiment. You will understand why the German +Chancellor says that in spite of the victorious march of Germany from +victory to victory his tender heart cannot but plead for the dreadful +sufferings of the unhappy, though criminal, Allies. Then you will laugh; +which is good in days like these. + + CECIL CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND! + +"Now she prevents my sending goods by the Holland route!"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE PACIFICIST KAISER (THE CONFEDERATES) + +From time to time of late the Kaiser has posed as the champion of peace. +His official spokesman, Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg, has announced the +Imperial readiness to stay the war--on his master's own terms, which he +disdains to define precisely. + +The Emperor and his advisers are involved in a tangle of miscalculations +which infest the conduct of the war alike in the field of battle and the +council-chamber. But no wild imaginings could encourage a solid hope +that the Chancellor's peaceful professions would be taken seriously by +anybody save his own satellites. Loudly the compliant Minister vaunted +in the Reichstag his country's military successes, but he could point to +no signs either of any faltering in military preparations on the part of +the Allies, or of their willingness to entertain humiliating conditions +of peace. + +Even in Germany clear visions acknowledge that Time is fighting +valiantly on the side of Germany's foes, and that peace can only come +when the Central Powers beg for it on their knees. + +It is improbable that the Kaiser and his Chancellor now harbour many +real illusions about the future, although they may well be anxious to +disguise even to themselves the ultimate issues at stake in the war. +Their home and foreign policy seems to be conceived in the desperate +spirit of the gambler. They appear to be recklessly speculating on the +chances of a pacificist role conciliating the sympathy of neutrals. They +count on the odds that they may convert the public opinion of +non-combatant nations to the erroneous belief that Germany is the +conqueror, and that further resistance to her is futile. But so far the +game has miscarried. The recent German professions of zeal for peace +fell in neutral countries on deaf or impatient ears. The braggart +bulletins of the German Press Bureau have been valued at their true +worth. Neutral critics have found in Bethmann-Hollweg's cry for peace +mere wasted breath + +The Chancellor and his master are perilously near losing among neutrals +the last shreds of reputation for political sagacity. + + SIDNEY LEE. + +[Illustration: THE CONFEDERATES + +"Did they believe that peace story in the Reichstag, Bethmann?" +"Yes, but the Allies didn't."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +DINANT + +During the joint expedition to Peking, all the other contingents were +horrified at the cruelty of the German troops. I have heard how on one +occasion a number of Chinese women were watching a German regiment at +drill, when suddenly the commanding officer ordered his men to open fire +upon them. When remonstrated with, he replied that terrorism was humane +in the end, because it made the enemy desire peace. For some reason, +these atrocities were not very widely known in England; and no one +dreamed that such infernal crimes would ever be perpetrated in European +war. But such are indeed the calculated methods of Germany; and her +officers began to order them as soon as her troops crossed the Belgian +frontier. The German military authorities advise that terrorism should +be used sparingly when there is danger of reprisals. Accordingly, though +many abominable things have been done to civilians in France and Russia, +and to ourselves when opportunity offered, the worst atrocities were +committed in Belgium, because Belgium is a small country, which had +dispensed with universal military service in reliance on the +international guarantee of her security. These events of the first month +of the war are in danger of being forgotten, now that Germany is +contending on equal terms against the great nations of Europe. But they +must not be forgotten. We are fighting against a nation which thinks it +good policy to massacre non-combatants, provided only that the sons and +brothers of the victims are not in a position to retaliate. + + W. R. INGE. + +[Illustration: DINANT--I SEE FATHER.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"HESPERIA" (WOUNDED FIRST) + +Sailors of all nationality except German have from time immemorial +looked upon themselves as the guardians and protectors of land folk at +sea. + +That is why every sailor in the world, outside the doggeries of Hamburg, +felt his calling spat upon and his personal pride injured by the sinking +of the _Lusitania_--by a sailor. + +It seemed that nothing could be worse than that, and then came the +sinking of the _Hesperia_, a ship filled with wounded soldiers and +Hospital nurses. + +Raemaekers brings the fact home to us in this cartoon, not the fact of +the English nurses' heroism, which goes without saying, but of German +low-down common infamy. The fact has become so commonplace, so +accustomed, so everyday that pictures of burning cathedrals, murdered +children, and terrified women no longer move us as they did, but this +artist, whose command of language seems as infinite and varied as the +crimes of the criminals whom God sent him to scourge, has always some +stroke in reserve, something to add to what he has said, if need be. In +the case of this picture it is the medicine bottle, glass, and spoon +flying off the shelf, flung to the floor by the bursting charge of +Tri-nitro-toluine that adds the last touch as distinctive as the +artist's signature. + + H. DE VERE STACPOOLE. + +[Illustration: Another kind of heroism--the sinking of the Hospital Ship +_Hesperia_ (Wounded First)] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +GALLIPOLI + +It is a fine touch, or a fortunate accident, in this sketch of +Raemaekers' that it depicts the officer who has made the mistake as +exhibiting the spruceness of a Prussian, and the officer who has found +out the mistake as having the comparatively battered look of an old +Turk. The moustaches of the Young Turk are modelled on the Kaiser's, +spikes pointing to heaven like spires; while those of his justly +incensed superior officer hang loose like those of a human being. The +difference is in any case symbolic; for the sort of instinctive and +instantaneous self-laudation satirized in this cartoon is much more one +of the vices of the new Germany than of the antiquated Islam. That +spirit is not easy to define; and it is easy to confuse it with much +more pardonable things. Every people can be jingo and vainglorious; it +is the mark of this spirit that the instinct to be so acts before any +other instinct can act, even those of surprise or anger. Every people +emphasizes and exaggerates its victories more than its defeats. But this +spirit emphasizes its defeats as victories. Every national calamity has +its consolations; and a nation naturally turns to them as soon as it +reasonably can. But it is the stamp of this spirit that it always thinks +of the consolation _before_ it even thinks of the calamity. It abounds +throughout the whole press of the German Empire. But it is most shortly +shown in this figure of the young officer, who makes a hero of himself +before he has even fully realized that he has made a fool of himself. + + G. K. CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: GALLIPOLI + +TURKISH GENERAL: "What are you firing at? The British evacuated the +place twenty-four hours ago!" + +"Sorry, sir--but what a glorious victory!] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE BEGINNING OF THE EXPIATION + +It is sometimes an unpleasant necessity to insult a man, in order to +make him understand that he is being insulted. Indeed, most strenuous +and successful appeals to an oppressed populace have involved something +of this paradox. We talk of the demagogue flattering the mob; but the +most successful demagogue generally abuses it. The men of the crowd rise +in revolt, not when they are addressed as "Citizens!" but when they are +addressed as "Slaves!" + +If this be true even of men daily disturbed by material discomfort and +discontent, it is much truer of those cases, not uncommon in history, in +which the slave has been soothed with all the external pomp and luxury +of a lord. So prophets have denounced the wanton in a palace or the +puppet on a throne; and so the Dutch caricaturist denounces the gilded +captivity of the Austrian Monarchy, of which the golden trappings are +golden chains. + +But for such a purpose a caricaturist is better than a prophet, and +comic pictures better than poetical phrases. It is very vital and +wholesome, even for his own sake, to insult the Austrian. He ought to be +insulted because he is so much more respectable than the Prussian, who +ought not to be insulted, but only kicked. If Austria feels no shame in +letting the Holy Roman Empire become the petty province of an Unholy +Barbarian Empire, if such high historic symbols no longer affect her, we +can only tell her, in as ugly a picture as possible, that she is a +lackey carrying luggage. + + G. K. CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: THE BEGINNING OF THE EXPIATION] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE SHIRKERS + +Current experience is proving that war is a grim condition of life, and +that none can escape its effects. No religious or philosophic precept is +potent enough in practical application to prevent its outbreak or to +stay its course. The strong man of military age, who claims the right to +pursue normal peaceful avocations when his country is at war, pleads +guilty, however involuntarily, to aberrations of both mind and heart. + +There are few who do not conscientiously cherish repugnance for war, but +practically none of those to whom so natural a sentiment makes most +forcible appeal deem it a man's part to refuse a manifest personal call +of natural duty. The conscientious objector to combatant service may in +certain rare cases deserve considerate treatment, but very short shrift +should await the able-bodied men who, from love of ease or fear of +danger, simulate conscientious objection in order to evade a righteous +obligation. + +Lack of imagination may be at times as responsible for the sin of the +shirker as lack of courage. Patriotism is an instinct which works as +sluggishly among the unimaginative as among the cowardly and the +selfish. The only cure for the sluggish working of the patriotic +instinct among the cowardly and the selfish is the sharp stimulus of +condign punishment. But among the unimaginative it may be worth +experimenting by way of preliminary with earnest and urgent appeals to +example such as is offered not only by current experience, but also by +literature and history. No shirkers would be left if every subject of +the Crown were taught to apprehend the significance of Henley's +interrogation: + + What have I done for you, + England, my England? + What is there I would not do, + England, my own? + + SIDNEY LEE. + +[Illustration: THE SHIRKERS] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +ONE OF THE KAISER'S MANY MISTAKES + +Louis Botha--we touch our hats to you! + +You are supremely and triumphantly one of the Kaiser's many mistakes. +You have proved yourself once again a capable leader and a man among +men. You have proved him once more incapable of apprehending the meaning +of the word honour. You are an honourable man. Even as a foe you fought +us fair and we honoured you. You have valiantly helped to dig the grave +of his dishonour and have proved him a fool. We thank you! And we thank +the memory of the clear-visioned men of those old days who, in spite of +the clamour of the bats, persisted in tendering you and yours that right +hand of friendship which you have so nobly justified. + +You fought us fair. You have uprisen from the ashes of the past like the +Phoenix of old. You are Briton with the best. + +Fair fight breeds no ill-will. It is the man, and the nation, that +fights foul and flings God and humanity overboard that lays up for +itself stores of hatred and outcastry and scorn which the ages shall +hardly efface. + +And Germany once was great, and might have been greater. + +Delenda est Germania!--so far as Germania represents the Devil and all +his works. + +The following lines were written fourteen years ago when we welcomed the +end of the Boer War. We are all grateful that the hope therein expressed +has been so amply fulfilled. That it has been so is largely due to the +wisdom and statesmanship of Louis Botha. + + No matter now the rights and wrongs of it; + You fought us bravely and we fought you fair. + The fight is done. Grip hands! No malice bear! + We greet you, brothers, to the nobler strife + Of building up the newer, larger life! + + Join hands! Join hands! Ye nations of the stock! + And make henceforth a mighty Trust for Peace;-- + A great enduring peace that shall withstand + The shocks of time and circumstance; and every land + Shall rise and bless you--and shall never cease + To bless you--for that glorious gift of Peace. + +Germany, if she had so willed, could have come into that hoped-for Trust +for Peace. + +But Germany would not. She put her own selfish interests before all else +and so digs her own grave. + + JOHN OXENHAM. + +[Illustration: BOTHA TO BRITAIN + +"I have carried out everything in accordance with our compact at +Vereeniging."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +BELGIUM IN HOLLAND + +In the present crisis of Belgian affairs there is much to remind the +historical student of the events which led to the fall of Antwerp in +1585, and the outrageous invasion of the Southern Netherlands by the +army of Parma. Then, as now, Holland opened her arms to her wounded and +captive sister. The best Flemish scholars and men of letters emigrated +to the land where Cornheert and Spieghel welcomed them. + +Merchants and artisans flocked to a new sphere of energy in Amsterdam. +Several of the professorial chairs in that city, and in the great +universities of Leyden and Harderwijk, were filled by learned Flemings, +and the arts, that had long been flourishing in Brussels, fled northward +to escape from the desolating Spanish scourge. The grim pencil of +Raemaekers becomes tender whenever he touches upon the relation of the +tortured Belgium to her sister, Holland, his own beloved fatherland. + +We do not know yet, in this country, a tithe of the sacrifices which +have been made in Holland to staunch the tears of Belgium. "Your +sufferings are mine, and so are your fortunes," has been the motto of +the loyal Dutch. + + EDMUND GOSSE. + +[Illustration: THE PROMISE + +"We shall never sheath the sword until Belgium recovers all, and more +than all that she has sacrificed."--Mr. Asquith, 9th November, 1914.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +SERBIA + +The fight of the one and the four might, in view of the difference in +the size of the combatants, be called quite fairly "the fight of the one +and the fifty-three." Each of the assailants has his own character. +Germany is represented as a ferocious giant; Austria follows Prussia's +lead, a little the worse for wear, with a bandaged head as the souvenir +of his former campaign: he does his best to look and act like Germany. +Bulgaria loses not a moment, but puts his rifle to his shoulder to shoot +the small enemy: he acts in his own way, according to his own character: +kill the enemy as quickly as possible and seize the spoil, that is his +principle. Turkey is a rather broken-down and dilapidated figure, who is +preparing to use his bayonet, but has not got it quite ready. Serbia, +erect, with feet firmly planted, stands facing the chief enemy, a little +David against this big Goliath and his henchman, Austria; and the other +two, so recently deadly foes, now standing shoulder to shoulder, attack +him while his attention is directed on Germany. + +The leader and "hero" of this assault is Prussia, big, brutal, +remorseless. The Dutch artist always concentrates the spectator's +attention on him. You can almost hear the roar coming out of his mouth: +"Gott strafe Serbien." This is the figure, as Raemaekers paints him, +that goes straight for his object, regardless of moral considerations. +Serbia is in his way, and Serbia must be trampled in the mire. The +artist's sympathy is wholly with Serbia, who is pictured as the man +fighting against the brute, slight but active and noble in build, facing +this burly foe. + +And poor old Turkey! Always a figure of comedy, never ready in time, +always ineffective, never fully able to use the weapons of so-called +"civilization." Let it always be remembered that in the Gallipoli +peninsula, when the Turks at first were taking no prisoners, but killing +the wounded after their own familiar fashion with mutilation, for the +sake of such spoil as could be carried away, Enver Pasha issued an order +that thirty piastres should be paid for every prisoner brought in alive, +a noble and humane regulation. Let us hope that the reward was always +paid, not stolen on the way, as has been so often the case in Turkey. + + WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY. + +[Illustration: SERBIA + +"Now we can make an end of him."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +JACKALS IN THE POLITICAL FIELD + +When the tiger," says the naturalist, "has killed some large animal, +such as a buffalo which he cannot consume at one time, the jackals +collect round the carcase at a respectful distance and wait patiently +until the tiger moves off. Then they rush from all directions, carousing +upon the slaughtered buffalo, each anxious to eat as much as it can +contain in the shortest time." + +The human jackal is one of the most squalid and sordid creatures and +features of war. We saw him in Dublin the other day emerging from his +slum den to loot Sackville Street. Every battlefield feeds its carrion +beasts and birds. + +This picture of Belgium and its jackals is doubtless only too true. Mr. +Raemakers and the Dutch have better means of knowing than we. The +jackal, says the same naturalist, belongs to the _Canidae_, the "dog +tribe." The scientific name of the true dog is _Canis familiaris,_ "the +household dog." The jackal is _Canis aureus_, the "gold dog." The +epithet describes no doubt his colour. The human _Canis aureus_ perhaps +deserves his title on not less obvious grounds. + +"The continent of Europe," the naturalist goes on, "is free from the +jackal." It was supposed till yesterday to be free from the lion and +tiger. + +But in the prehistoric times of the cave man, geologists say, there was +both in England and Europe the great "sabre-tooth" tiger. Kipling, who +knows everything about beasts, knows him and puts him into his "Story of +Ung": "The sabre-tooth tiger dragging a man to his lair." + +To-day the cave tiger has come back and with him the cave jackal. There +is a terrible beauty about the tiger. The jackal is a mean and hideous +brute. But both are out of date. Did not Monsieur Capus say the other +day that Europe "cannot allow a return of the cave epoch?" + + HERBERT WARREN. + +[Illustration: JACKALS IN THE POLITICAL FIELD + +JACKALS (Flemish Pro-Germans): "What he leaves of Belgium will be +enough for us."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +A LETTER FROM THE GERMAN TRENCHES + +In this cartoon Raemaekers has contrived to indicate powerfully what is +after all the dominant and peculiar note of the German people. No +European nation has ever taken war--as people say so "seriously," that +is, with so much concentration of attention and elaborate preparation, +as has the German Empire. No people has ever had it so thoroughly +drilled into its collective mind as have the German subjects of that +Empire that war is not only, as all Christian people have always +believed, an expedient lawful and necessary upon occasion, but a thing +highly desirable in itself, nay, the principal function of a "superior" +race and the main end of its being. + +And yet after all the actual German is never, like the Frenchman, a +natural and instinctive warrior--any more than he is, like the +Englishman, a natural and instinctive adventurer. The whole business of +Prussian militarism, with the half-witted philosophy by which it is +justified, has to be imposed upon him from without by his masters. He +fights just as he works, just as he tortures, violates, and murders, +because he is told to do so by persons in a superior position, holding +themselves stiffly, dressed in uniform, and able to hit him in the face +with a whip. + +Long before the war the absurd Koepenick incident gave us a glimpse of +this astonishing docility on its farcical side. Its tragic side is well +illustrated by the droves of helpless and inarticulate barbarians driven +into the shambles daily (as at Verdun) for the sole purpose of covering +up the blunders of their very "efficient" superiors. One could pity the +wretches if there were not so considerable a leaven of wickedness in +their stupidity. + + CECIL CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: A LETTER FROM THE GERMAN TRENCHES + +"We have gained a good bit, our cemeteries now extend as far as the +sea."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +HIS MASTER'S VOICE + +The manipulation of the Press is one of the weapons which Bismarck +taught German Imperialism to use. Like others it has been developed by +his successors into an instrument which the master himself would hardly +have recognized. It is one of the most potent means of that "peaceful +penetration" of all other countries which was nothing but a preparation +for war. And it has been used in the war with a purposefulness of aim +and a versatility of method that betoken long and systematic study. It +is a ubiquitous influence and the most subtle of all. Yet the Press is +held in greater contempt by official and other ruling circles in Germany +than in any other country. They despise the tool, while tacitly +acknowledging its utility by unsparing use. + +This curious state of things is the fault of the Press. What has +rendered it such a pliant tool in the hands of German Imperialism is +either credulity or venality; and both are contemptible qualities. +Credulity is probably the more prevalent, at least in this country, +where shoals of newspapers, blinded by their own prejudices, were the +dupes of German duplicity. But there has been venality, too, both crude +and subtle. The case of the "Vlaamsche Sten," here satirized by +Raemaekers, is exceptional. So crude and gross a method of influencing +the Press as bribing the proprietor of a newspaper (probably with the +aid of threats) to hand it over with its staff and goodwill could hardly +be practised where any independence survived. It was not practised with +success even in conquered Flanders, for the staff, to their eternal +credit, refused to listen to the new master's voice. But there are +journalists who, less intelligent than the terrier, faithfully accept +the voice from the _Pickelhaube_ and wag their little tails when they +hear it. To them is offered the parable which shows their relation to +their master. + + A. SHADWELL. + +[Illustration: HIS MASTER'S VOICE + +The _Vlaamsche Stem_ (Flemish Voice), a Flemish paper, was bought by the +Germans, whereupon the whole staff resigned, as it no longer represented +its title.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +HUN GENEROSITY + +The All-Highest, so we are told, loves a joke at another's expense, a +trait in his character essentially barbaric. Raemaekers reproduces the +twinkle in the Imperial eye as William of Potsdam offers to a quondam +ally the foot which belongs to his senile and helpless brother of +Hapsburg. The roar of anguish from the prostrate octogenarian provokes, +as we see, not pity but a grim smile. Italy's monarch, we may imagine, +is muttering to himself:-- + +_Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes._ + +The bribe, wrenched from another, was, of course, indignantly rejected, +but one wonders what the secret feelings of the Hapsburgs may be toward +the Hohenzollerns. We know that the Turk cherishes no love for the Hun +who has beguiled him, but we cannot gauge as yet the real strength or +weakness of the bond between the Huns on the one hand and the Austrians +and Hungarians on the other. Raemaekers has portrayed Franz Josef flat +on his back. In the language of the ring he is "down and out." Possibly +it may have been so from the beginning. At any rate, in this country, +there is an amiable disposition to regard Franz Josef as a victim rather +than an accomplice, a weakling writhing beneath the jack-boot of +Prussia, impotent to hold his own. It may not be so. Time alone will +reveal the truth. + +But this much is reasonably certain. When peace is declared, the sincere +friendship which once existed between ourselves and the Dual Monarchy +may be reestablished, but many years must pass before we forgive or +forget the Huns. They are boasting to-day that as a nation they are +self-sufficing and self-supporting. Amen! Most of us desire nothing +better than to leave them alone till they have mended their manners and +purged themselves of a colossal and unendurable conceit. I cannot +envisage Huns playing tennis at Wimbledon, or English girls studying +music at Leipzig. The grass in the streets of Homburg will not, for many +years, be trodden out by English feet; the harpies of hotel keepers +throughout the Happy Fatherland will prey, it may be presumed, upon +their fellow Huns. Then they will fall to "strafing" each other instead +of England. And then, as now, their mouthings will provoke +inextinguishable laughter. + + HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL. + +[Illustration: "HAVE ANOTHER PIECE?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +EASTER, 1915 + +Ever since with the beginning of Christendom a new soul entered the body +of exhausted Europe, it is true to say that we have not only had a +certain idea but been haunted by it, as by a ghost. It is the idea +crystallized in legends like those of St. Christopher and St. Martin. +But it is equally apparent in the most modern ethics and eloquence, as, +for instance, when a French atheist orator urged the reconsideration of +a criminal case by pointing at the pictured Crucifixion which hangs in a +French Law Court and saying: "Voila la chose jugee." It is the idea when +that oppressing the lowest we may actually be oppressing the highest, +and that not even impersonally, but personally. We may be, as it were, +the victims of a divine masquerade; and discover that the greatest of +kings can travel incognito. + +Such a picture, therefore, as the cartoonist has drawn here can be found +in all ages of Christian history as a comment on contemporary +oppression. But while the central figure remains always the same, the +types of the tyrant and the mocker hold our temporary attention; for +they are sketched from life and with a living exactitude. Upon one of +them especially it would be easy to say a great deal: the grinning +Prussian youth with the spectacles and the monkey face, who is using a +Prussian helmet instead of the crown of thorns. + +Such a scientific gutter-snipe is the real and visible fruit of +organized German education; he is a much truer type than any gory and +hairy Hun. In the face of that young atheist there is everything that +can come from the congestion of the pagan with the _parvenu_; all the +knowingness that is the cessation of knowledge; and that something which +always accompanies _real_ atheism--arrested development. + + G. K. CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: EASTER, 1915 + +"And they bowed the knee before Him."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +PAN GERMANICUS AS PEACE MAKER + +Imagine the feelings of the hindlegs of a stage elephant on being told +that the performance is to be a continuous one and you will have some +inkling of the dismay of the Kaiser and his henchman, concealed in the +plumage of the War Eagle and the Dove of Peace respectively. The one +bird is as useless as the other in bringing the war to the end desired +in Berlin. The stage eagle is daily losing its plumage, and is rapidly +becoming but a moulty apology for the king of birds. As for the dove, it +has been used so often, with constantly changing olive branch in its +beak, that it now makes its appearance shamefacedly and absolutely +without heart. + +Imperial eagle mask with half-mad military quasi-deity inside and dove +of peace, on the German model, with calculating miscalculating +statesman, you rang the curtain up, you cannot ring it down, either to +the music of the Hymn of Hate or the Te Deum for peace--the eagle can no +longer look boldly straight into the sun, looking for his place in it; +the dove has taken permanent quarters in the German ark as it whirls +round and round in the whirlpool of impotent effort, ever drawing nearer +to the final crash. When the Dove of Peace does come, it will be a real +bird of good omen, not a German reserve officer masquerading as one. + + ALFRED STEAD. + +[Illustration: PAN GERMANICUS AS PEACE MAKER + +THE DOVE: "They say they do not want peace, as they have time enough." + +THE EAGLE: "Alas! That is just what we haven't got."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +GOTT MIT UNS + +This picture is a perfectly accurate symbolic study of the German +Empire. Therefore, naturally, it is one of the most dreadful that were +ever drawn. In all the gruesome "Dances of Death" in which the fifteenth +century took so grim a pleasure, no artist ever conceived the horrible +idea of a fat skeleton. But we have not only conceived the thought, we +have seen the thing--"a terror in the sunshine." We know that chest, +puffed up with a wind of pride, and that stomach heavy with slaughter +and rich living; and above them the Death's Head. We have seen it. We +have felt its foul breath. Its name is Prussia. + +Look at a portrait of Frederick the Great, the "onlie true begetter" of +this abortion. It oddly suggests what Raemaekers has set down here: the +face a skull, the staring eyes those of a lost soul. But the skeleton +has grown fat since Frederick's day--fat on the blood and plunder of +nations. Only there is no living flesh on its bones, nothing of humanity +about it. + +"Can these dry bones live?" was the question asked of the prophet. It +might have been asked of Frederick: "Can this nation live, created of +your foul witchcraft, without honour, without charity, without human +brotherhood or fellowship, without all that which is the flesh and blood +of mankind?" The answer must have been that it could live, though with a +life coming from below and essentially infernal. It could live--for a +time. It could even have great power because its time was short. + +But now it has waxed fat--and kicked. And its end is near. + + CECIL CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: IT'S FATTENING WORK] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +OUR LADY OF ANTWERP + +"Here I and sorrows sit. This is my throne, bid Kings come worship it." +Such seems to be an appropriate legend for Raemaekers' beautiful +triptych which he has entitled "Our Lady of Antwerp." Full of compassion +and sympathy for all the sufferings of her people, she sits with the +Cathedral outlined behind her, her heart pierced with many agonies. On +the left is one of the many widows who have lost their all in this war. +On the right is a soldier stricken to death, who has done his utmost +service for his country and brings the record of his gallantry to the +feet of Our Lady of Antwerp. + +Antwerp, as we know, was at the height of its prosperity in the +sixteenth century. We have been told that no fewer than five hundred +ships used to enter her port in the course of a day, while more than two +thousand could be seen lying in her harbour at one time. Her people +numbered as many as one million, her fairs attracted merchants from all +parts of Europe, and at least five hundred million guilders were put +into circulation every year. We know what followed. Its very prosperity +proved a bait to the conqueror. In 1576 the city was captured by the +Spaniards, who pillaged it for three days. Nine years later the Duke of +Parma conquered it, and about the time when Queen Elizabeth was +resisting the might of Spain Antwerp's glory had departed and its trade +was ruined. At the close of the Napoleonic wars the city was handed over +to the Belgians. + +A place of many memories, whose geographical position was well +calculated to arouse the cupidity of the Germans, was bound to be +gallantly defended by the little nation to which it now belonged. +Whether earlier help by the British might or might not have altered the +course of history we cannot tell. Perhaps it was not soon enough +realized how important it was to keep the Hun invader from the sacred +soil. At all events we do not look back on the British Expedition in aid +of Antwerp in 1914 with any satisfaction, because the assistance +rendered was either not ample enough or else it was belated, or both. So +that Our Lady of Antwerp has still to bewail the ruthless tyranny of +Berlin, though perhaps she looks forward to the time when, once more in +possession of her own cities, Belgium may enter upon a new course of +prosperity. We are pledged to restore Belgium, doubly and trebly +pledged, by the words of the Prime Minister, and justice will not be +done until the great act of liberation is accomplished. + + W. L. COURTNEY. + +[Illustration: OUR LADY OF ANTWERP] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +DEPORTATION + +Nothing, when one analyzes it, could be imagined more thoroughly +characteristic of Prussia than the particular stroke of policy by which +a large proportion of the male population of Belgium--as also in a +somewhat lesser degree of Northern France--was separated from its family +ties and hurried away into exile in Germany, there to be compelled to +work for the profit of enemies. + +It had all the marks of Prussianism. + +Firstly, it was a violation of the civilized and Christian tradition of +European arms. By the rules of such warfare the non-combatant was +spared, wherever possible; not only his life but his property and +liberty were secure so long as he did not abuse his position. + +Secondly, it was an affront to decent human sentiment quite apart from +technical rules; the man, guilty of no offence save that of belonging to +a country which Prussia had invaded without justice and ravaged without +mercy, was torn from his family, who were left to the mercy of their +opponents. We all know what that mercy was like. + +Thirdly, it was an insult to the human soul, for the unfortunate victims +were not only to be exiled from their country, but to be driven by force +and terror to serve against it. + +Fourthly, and finally, like all the worst Prussian crimes, it was a +stupid blunder. Prussia has paid already a very high price for any +advantage she may have gained from the mutinous and unwilling labour of +these men, and for the swelling of her official return for the +edification of her own people and of neutrals by the inclusion of +"prisoners of war" of this description. To-day, when she knows not where +to turn for men, she is obliged to keep a huge garrison tied up in +Belgium to guard her line of retreat. And when the retreat itself comes, +the price will rise even higher, and the nemesis will be both just and +terrible. + + CECIL CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: HUSBANDS AND FATHERS + +Belgian workmen were forcibly deported to Germany.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE GERMAN BAND + +The German Band, as we know it in this country, has never been noted for +harmonious music. Blatancy, stridency, false notes, and persistency +after the coppers, have been its chief characteristics. + +And the same things prevail when it is at home. + +Never since the world began has there been such a campaign of barefaced +humbug and lying as that organized by William, Hindenburg, Hollweg and +Co. for the deceiving and fleecing of the much-tried countries +temporarily under their sway. + +But the money had to be got in by hook or by crook, and by hook and by +crook and in every nefarious way they have milked their unfortunate +peoples dry. + +But there is another side to all this. In time, the veil of lies and +false intelligence of victories in the North Sea, and at Verdun, and, +indeed, wherever Germany has fought and failed, will be rent by the +spear of Truth. + +Then will come the _debacle_. And then, unless every scrap of grit and +backbone has been Prussianized out of the Teuton, the revulsion of +feeling will sweep the oppressors out of existence; and Germany, +released from the strangle-hold, may rise once more to take the place +among the civilized nations of the world which, by her foul doings of +the last two years, she has deliberately forfeited. + + JOHN OXENHAM. + +[Illustration: WAR LOAN MUSIC + +"Was blazen die Trompeten Moneten heraus?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +ARCADES AMBO + +Looking at this cartoon one can understand why Raemaekers is not +_persona grata_ in the Happy Fatherland. With half a dozen touches he +has changed Satan from the magnificent Prince of Evil whom Gustave Dore +portrayed into a--Hun. Henceforth we shall envisage Satan as a Hun, +talking the obscene tongue--now almost the universal language in +Hades--and hailed by right-thinking Huns as the All Highest War Lord. +Willy senior must be jealous. + +With the learned Professor, the cartoonist not only produces a composite +portrait of all the _Herren Professoren_, but also drives home the point +of his amazing pencil into what is perhaps the most instructive lesson +of this monstrous war--the perversion to evil uses of powers originally +designed, nourished, and expanded to benefit mankind. When the _Furor +Teutonicus_ has finally expended itself, we do not envy the feelings of +the illustrious chemists who perfected poison gas and liquid fire! Will +they, when their hour comes, find it easy to obey the poet's injunction, +and, wrapping the mantle of their past about them, "lie down to pleasant +dreams?" + +We are assured that these professors have not exhausted their powers of +frightfulness. It may be so. This is certain: Such frightfulness will +ultimately exhaust them. With this reflection, we may leave them, grist +to be ground by the mills of God. + + HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL. + +[Illustration: ARCADES AMBO + +THE PROFESSOR: "I have discovered a new mixture which will blind them in +half an hour." + +SATAN: "You are in very truth my master."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"IS IT YOU, MOTHER?" + +Since the opening of hostilities in the present war the Scottish +regiments have given repeated proofs of a valour which adds new lustre +to the great traditions of Scottish soldiership. Through all the early +operations--on the retreat from Mons and at the battles of the Marne and +the Aisne--the Royal Scots Guards, the Scots Greys, the Gordon, the +Seaforth and the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, the King's Own +Scottish Borderers gained many fresh laurels by their heroism and +undaunted spirit. The London Scottish Territorials, too, have shown a +prowess as signal as that of the Scots of the Regular Army; while the +mettle of men of Scottish descent has made glorious contribution in +France and elsewhere to the fine records of the Overseas armies. + +It is the inevitable corollary that death should levy a heavy toll on +Scottish soldiers in the field. Thousands of kilted youth have suffered +the fate which Raemaekers depicts in the accompanying cartoon. It is +not, of course, only the young Scot whose thought turns in the moment of +death to the hearth of his home with vivid memories of his mother. But +the word "home" and all that the word connotes often makes a more urgent +appeal to the Scot abroad than to the man of another nationality. There +is significance in the fact that, far as the Scots are wont to wander +over the world's surface, they should, under every sky and in every +turning fortune, treasure as a national anthem the song which has the +refrain:-- + + "For it's hame, an' it's hame, fain wad I be, + O! it's hame, hame, hame, to my ain countrie!" + +The German soldier in this war would seem to have lost well nigh all +touch of humanity. Yet the draughtsman here suggests that even the +German soldier on occasion yields to the pathos of the young Scot's +death-cry for home and mother. There is grim irony in the dying man's +blurred vision which mistakes the hand of his mortal foe for that of his +mother. + +Of such trying scenes is the drama of war composed. + + SIDNEY LEE. + +[Illustration: "IS IT YOU, MOTHER?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE FATE OF FLEMISH ART AT THE HANDS OF KULTUR + +It will not be possible to estimate the injury suffered by the monuments +of art wherein Belgium was so rich till the war is ended and the ruins +examined. Much of the irreparable loss we know, as in the cases of +Louvain and Ypres. In general we may fairly conjecture that whatever is +portable behind the German lines is stolen, or will be, and the rest +destroyed. What is portable is stolen for its cash value, just as are +money, furniture, clothes, and watches. So much of respect for works of +art we may expect from the Prussians--the measure of respect for the +cash shewn by the Prussian general at Termonde who robbed a helpless +civilian of the 5,000 francs he had drawn to pay his workmen's wages, +and then called earth and heaven to witness his exalted virtue in not +also murdering his victim. But what cannot be carried--a cathedral, a +monument, an ancient window--that is destroyed with an apish zest. Even +a picture in time or place, inconvenient for removal, that also will be +defiled, slashed to rags, burnt. And indeed why not? For the best use of +a work of art as understood among the Prussian pundits is to make it the +peg whereon to hang some ridiculous breach of statistics, some monstrous +disquisition of bedevilled theory; and for such purposes a work no +longer existing so as good as any--even better. + +And so the marvels of the centuries go up in dust and flames, and the +memorials of Memling and Matsijs, Van Eyck, and Rubens are treated as +the masters' own bodies would have been treated, had fate delayed their +time till the coming of the Boche. + + ARTHUR MORRISON. + +[Illustration: THE FATE OF FLEMISH ART AT THE HANDS OF KULTUR] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE GRAVES OF ALL HIS HOPES + +"Look at the map," says the German Chancellor. Look at the map, and mark +with a cross every German disappointment and you will have a history of +the war more illuminating than many books on the subject. The Marne, +Ypres, South Africa, West Africa, Egypt, Bagdad, India, Tripoli, Verdun. +Look at the map indeed. The map of the world that Germany set out to +conquer. Consider the vapouring and vainglory that marked each of these +"successes" in political or military trickery and the fact that of the +military crosses each upbears above a mountain of losses the refrain of +the old German song Verdorben--Gestorben--Ruined--Dead. + +It is a wonderful map to consider, this map of the world in 1916. A +wonderful map to be studied by the mothers of the Fatherland who have +suckled their children to manure the crops of the future, to feed the +crematoriums and blast furnaces of Belgium, to fill the mad houses, +blind asylums, and homes for incurables, when the frosts of Russia and +the guns of the Allies have done with them. + +And every cross marks the grave of a hope. + + Paris + Regrets eternels. + +That wonderful inscription was the first to be cut. Galliene was the +mason. Verdun was the last and will not be the least. But, whatever may +come to be written on stone, on the heart of the mourner when he comes +to die only one inscription will be found: "Calais." If he has a heart +large enough to have even these six letters. + + H. DE VERE STACPOOLE. + +[Illustration: THE GRAVES OF ALL HIS HOPES] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"MY SIXTH SON IS NOW LYING HERE--WHERE ARE YOURS?" + +There is a picture in Brussels that the Kaiser ought to study on one of +his visits to the Belgian capital. It is Wertz's picture of Napoleon in +Hades. + +Wertz was a madman, he knew something of the horrors of war, but he +knew, also, something of the grandeur and nobility of Napoleon. + +Napoleon is surrounded by women holding up the mutilated remains of +sons, lovers, and fathers, and still he remains Napoleon, the child of +Destiny, the Inscrutable, the Calm, and, if one may say so, the +Gentleman. + +Women knew, at least, that their dead had fallen before the armies or at +the will of a great man in those Napoleonic days; there was something of +Fate in the business. + +But to-day the widow or the mourning mother, whilst knowing that her son +or her husband has fallen in defending Humanity from the Beast can find +no quarter in their hearts for the form or the shape of manhood that +stands, in the words of Swinburne: + + "Curse consecrated, crowned with crime and flame!" + +No taunt could be too bitter for their lips and none more bitter than +the words of Raemaekers: + + "My sons are lying here--where are yours?" + + H. DE VERE STACPOOLE. + +[Illustration: "MY SIXTH SON IS NOW LYING HERE--WHERE ARE YOURS?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +BUNKERED + +The Crown Prince is in a very awkward predicament. He has driven his +ball into a deep sand-pit from which a very clever professional golfer +might perhaps extricate himself by a powerful stroke with a niblick. But +young William is not a professional, and indeed knows nothing about the +game. So he takes his driver and his other wooden clubs, and smashes +them all, with much bad language, while he whacks at the ball, which +only buries itself deeper in the sand. He is pondering what to do next. +There is, however, only one thing to do. He must take up his ball and +lose the hole. The real players on his side must be disgusted at being +saddled with such a partner. But what is to be done when a fool is born +a war-lord by right of primogeniture? In a few years, in the course of +nature, this fortunate youth will be the Supreme War-Lord himself; it +will be his business to "stand in shining armour" by some luckless ally +who has been selected to pick a quarrel for Germany's benefit, and to +shake a "mailed fist" in the face of a trembling world. That will be a +spectacle for gods and men. But perhaps something will happen instead. + + W. R. INGE. + +[Illustration: BUNKERED] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +GOTT STRAFE VERDUN + +An impartial military verdict on the German strategy and tactics at +Verdun has not yet been delivered. After the failure of the Allies to +break through last year, the German higher command issued a paper, which +has been printed in American newspapers, advocating "nibbling" tactics, +instead of attempts to carry a strongly fortified line by a coup _de +main_. The Germans have buoyed up their hopes by assuring each other +that their troops have been making a slow but methodical progress toward +the "fortress," according to program. But even if we grant that the +disproportion in casualties is probably not so great as some of our +critics have supposed, it is difficult to believe that the enemy was +prepared for such resistance as he has met with. To all appearance, the +Germans expected to break through in a few days, and hoped that this +success would rehabilitate the credit of the paltry young prince whom we +here see entangled in barbed wire, his uniform in rags, and despair +depicted on his haggard face. Another confessed failure would finish the +career of the Crown Prince; and yet there are limits to the endurance of +any troops, and these limits have now been reached. There is nothing +left to young William but useless imprecations. He swaggered into this +war, for which he is partly responsible, expecting to win the reputation +of a general; he will sneak out of it with the reputation of a burglar. + + W. R. INGE. + +[Illustration: GOTT STRAFE VERDUN + +"If only I knew whether it is less dangerous to advance or to retire."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE LAST THROW + +The first throw, of course, was that great rush which was stayed at the +Marne by the Genius of Joffre; then there was the throw of the great +attack on Russia, that which laid waste Serbia, and that which would +have thrust men down from the Alps on to the Italian plain. In each of +these Raemaekers' symbolism is applicable, for in each case death threw +higher than either Germany or Austria could afford. + +But in none is the symbolism so terribly fitting as in this case of +Verdun, where the fighting men went forward in waves and died in +waves--here death threw higher in every attack than Germany could throw, +and to such heights was the slaughter pushed that it was, in truth, the +last throw of which these war-makers were capable. It is significant, +now that Germany can no longer afford such reckless sacrifices as were +made before Verdun, that the German press contains allusions to heavy +sacrifices on the part of the Allies, and tries to point to folly in +allied policy. Surely, in the matter of sacrifice of life, no nation is +so well qualified to speak from experience as Germany. + +There is clumsy anxiety expressed in every line of the figure that holds +the dice box, and in every line of the figure in the background is +nervous fear for the result of the throw--fear that is fully justified. +But Death, master of the game, waits complacently to mark the score, +knowing that these two gamblers are the losers--and that the loser pays. + + E. CHARLES VIVIAN. + +[Illustration: THE LAST THROW] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE ZEPPELIN BAG + +Here the artist has depicted the Kaiser in one of his favourite roles, +that of a sportsman. In pre-war times it was one of "The All Highest's" +chief ambitions to be taken for an English sportsman! We believe there +were people in those now seemingly remote days who took him at his own +valuation in this regard. Our picture papers were full of photographs of +him shooting at this or that nobleman's estate, lunching after the +morning's battue, in the act of shooting, inspecting the day's "bag," +etc.; and other pictures were reproduced from the German papers from +time to time of a similar character showing him as a sportsman in his +native land. + +There is still, thank God, something clean about British sport and +sportsmen of which the Kaiser never caught the inwardness and spirit. It +has come out on the battlefields to-day as it has on those of past +generations. It has taught the British soldier to fight clean, and even +chivalrously though the foe may be a past master in "knavish tricks," +and steeped in unspeakable methods of cruelty in warfare. + +How thin the veneer of a sportsmanship was upon the Kaiser, which is +after all but symbolic of the higher and sterner virtues, all the world +has had a chance of judging. And in this remarkable and arresting +drawing the genius of the artist has taken and used a sporting incident +with telling and even horrifying effect. + +In the old days it was pheasants, partridges, grouse, hares, rabbits, +and other feathered game, with the nobler stags and boars that formed +"the Butcher of Potsdam's 'bag.'" To-day he has his battues by proxy on +sea, land, and from the air. Thousands of victims, as innocent as the +feathered folk he slaughtered of yore; and women and little children +form the chief items of the bag; and especially is this true of the +"fruit of the Zeppelin raids." + +He counts the bag and rewards the slayers of the innocent as he +doubtless did the beaters, huntsmen, and keepers of the estates over +which he formerly shot. It has been his ambition to make Europe one vast +Kaiserdom estate. But the sands are running out, and each "bag," whether +by Zeppelin or submarine, serves but to stiffen the backs of the Allies +and horrify neutral nations. Some day the accumulated horrors of the +Kaiser's ideas of sportsmanship will have taught the latter the lesson +that Kaiserdom with Europe as a Kaiser estate means the death of +liberty, the extinction of the smaller nations, and the setting up of a +despotism as cruel as that of Attila and his Huns--the self-accepted and +preached examples of William II of Germany. + + CLIVE HOLLAND. + +[Illustration: THE ZEPPELIN BAG] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"COME IN, MICHAEL, I HAVE HAD A LONG SLEEP" + +Yes--a long and rejuvenating sleep! The expression upon John's face +indicates an amazing determination and alertness. It is told of certain +remarkable men--De Lesseps amongst the number--that they had the faculty +of sleeping for several days and nights and then remaining wide awake +and at full tension for an equally long period of time. We may +confidently predict that John has this faculty. He is not likely to +slumber again till his work is done, and done thoroughly. Michael's +expression, I regret to note, is not quite so pleasing as John's. It +gives "furiously to think," as our gallant and beautiful France puts it, +that when Michael climbs through the window of the Happy Fatherland, he +may, perchance, inspire terror in the heart of the Hun, who doubtless +expects that his enemies, if they do invade the sacred soil, will +display those Christian qualities of Mercy and Forbearance which have +been so conspicuous, by their absence, in the treatment of unfortunate +prisoners upon whom they inflicted the extreme rigour of "Kultur." + +Our cartoonist, it will be noticed, has placed sledge hammers in the +hands of both John and Michael, rather primitive weapons, but most +admirably adapted for "crushing." And nothing short of crushing will +satisfy the Allies, despite the futile wiles and whines of Messrs. +Trevelyan, Ponsonby, Morel, and Macdonald. Crushed they will and must be +to fine powder. The hammer strokes are falling now with a persistence +and force which, at long last, reverberates in the cafes and beer +gardens of Munich and Berlin. The Teuton tongue--a hideous concatenation +of noise at its best--must be almost inarticulate to-day in its guttural +chokings and splutterings. "Frightfulness" is coming home to roost. + + With all our hearts we hold out the glad hand to Michael. + Come in, and stay in--bless you! + + HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL. + +[Illustration: "COME IN, MICHAEL, I THINK I'M AWAKE NOW."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +FIVE ON A BENCH + +All visions and poems of justice have been full of the refrain of +_deposuit potentes de sede_; but the bracing reality of such a +revolution is lost by certain effects of antiquity, by the mists which +make the past somewhat monochrome, and by the exalted equality of death. +To say that Belisarius became a beggar means little to us when it seems +only the difference between a rich and a tattered toga. We do not +picture Belisarius in a patched pair of trousers: but then we have no +reason to be angry with Belisarius. But whenever real tyranny and honest +wrath are reborn among men, there will always be an instant necessity to +represent the great reversal in the graphic colours of contemporary +fact. Raemaekers' cartoon, representing the tyrants of Europe reduced to +that very hopeless modern beggary to which they have driven many +thousands of very much better men, is perhaps of all his pictures the +most grim, or what would be called vindictive. I think that such revenge +is in truth merely realization. The victims of the war have to sit on +such real benches in such real rags. And being one of the fiercest, it +is also one of the most delicate of the Dutch artist's studies. Nothing +could be truer than the insolent and swollen decay of the Jew Ferdinant; +or the more effeminate collapse of the Kaiser, the very spike on whose +helmet droops with sentiment. + + G. K. CHESTERTON. + +[Illustration: FIVE ON A BENCH + +In a year and a half.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +WHAT ABOUT PEACE, LADS? + +War--so certain of their own prophets have said--is a "national industry +of Germany." Here we see a German _chevalier d' industrie_ attempting to +escape with his swag. Never in modern times has a nation gone to war +with a more cynical and shameless determination to make the campaign pay +for itself by the plunder of private property. Quite recently an order +was found on the body of a German, enjoining all officers to assist in +the "patriotic duty" of "draining financially the occupied territories." +We are dealing, not with an honourable and civilized nation, but with a +band of murdering brigands. The keepers of the national conscience have +devised a monstrous and barbarous code of ethics, in which "patriotism" +is the sole duty, and the tribal god the only arbiter of right and +wrong. As in Roman law, the property of an enemy is for a German _res +nullius_--it has no owner. And now the prospect of any further loot on a +large scale seems remote. The speculation has turned out badly, and the +robber would be glad to cut his losses. The guardians of the law are at +his heels, and do not mean to let him escape. But will they be able to +make him disgorge? That will not be easy; and what atonement can be made +for the innocent blood which drops from those pitiful spoils? + + W. R. INGE. + +[Illustration: WHAT ABOUT PEACE, LADS?] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE LIBERATORS + +This is one of those cartoons in which the neutral in Raemaekers speaks +with peculiar force. Such a picture by a Britisher would reasonably be +discounted as unduly prejudiced, for it is none too easy for us in our +present stresses to see the other fellow's point of view--in this +difficult business of the blockade for an instance. + +That friendly championing of the rights of neutrals suffering under the +outrageous tyranny of the British Navy is a thing to which only the +detached humour of a neutral can do justice. He can testify to the way +in which the giant strength of that navy, whether in peace or war, has +been used in the main not in the giants' tyrannous way; he can make +allowance for the exigencies which have caused occasional arbitrariness +under the stress of war or even in some untactful moment of peace; he +can contrast the two main opposing navy's notions of justice, courtesy, +seamanship--which is sportsmanship. + +He can recall that no single right whether of combatant or neutral, of +state or individual, guaranteed by international law, which the Germans +have found it convenient or "necessary" to violate has been left +unviolated; that there is no single method or practice of war condemned +by the common consent of civilization but has been employed by men who +even have the candour to declare that they stand above laws and +guarantees. + +And therefore he can make grim, effective fun of the sinister bandit +with his foot planted on the shackled prisoner that lies between two +murdered victims fatuously taking in vain the name of freedom. + + JOSEPH THORP. + +[Illustration: "Freedom of the land is ours--why should we not have +freedom of the sea?"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +TOM THUMB AND THE GIANT + +The reference in this cartoon is to an incident which, at the time of +its occurrence, is said to have caused considerable indignation in +Germany. A Zeppelin, having been on a raiding expedition to England, was +hit on the return journey, and dropped into the North Sea. The crew, +clinging to the damaged airship, besought the captain of a British +trawler to take them off, but the captain, seeing that the Zeppelin crew +far outnumbered his own, declined to trust them, and left them to their +fate. Whether the trawler's captain actually "put his thumb unto his +nose and spread his fingers out" is a matter for conjecture, but under +the circumstances it is scarcely likely. + +The whole point lies in the German view of the trawler's captain and his +inhuman conduct. He knew, perfectly well, that if he rescued the crew of +the Zeppelin, the probable reward for himself and crew would be a voyage +to the nearest German port and interment in a prison camp for the +remainder of the war--and plenty of reliable evidence is forthcoming as +to the treatment meted out to men in German prison camps. He knew, also, +that these men who besought his aid were returning from one of the +expeditions which have killed more women and children in England than +able-bodied men, that they had been sharing in work which could not be +described as even of indirect military value, but was more of the nature +of sheer murder. And Germany condemned his conduct by every adjective +that implied brutality and barbarity. + +The unfortunate thing about the German viewpoint is that it takes into +consideration only such points as favour Germany, a fact of which this +incident affords striking evidence. + + E. CHARLES VIVIAN. + +[Illustration: TOM THUMB AND THE GIANT + +"Come and save me. You know I am so fond of children."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +"WE HAVE FINISHED OFF THE RUSSIANS" + +Assuming that the statement with regard to finishing off the Russians +was actually written--and there is every reason to assume it--one may +conjecture what memories it recalled. The great battles of the Warsaw +salient, the drive that lasted for many months through the flats of +Poland, the struggles of the Vilna salient, and all the time the +knowledge that mechanism, the guns in which Germany put her trust, were +shattering Russian legions day after day. Then the gradual settling of +the eastern line, well into Russia, with all the industrial districts of +Poland firmly gripped in German hands, and the certainty that though +Russia had not been utterly broken and forced to a peace, yet so much +had been accomplished that there was no longer any eastern menace, but +both Germany and Austria might go about their business of conquest in +the west, having "finished off" in the east. + +But that strong figure with the pistol pointed at the writer, that +implacable, threatening giant, is a true type of Russia the +unconquerable. It is a sign that the guns in which Germany put her trust +have failed her, that the line which was to hold firm during the +business of conquest in the west has broken--more, it is a sign of the +doom of the aggressor. The writing of that fat, complacent figure--sorry +imitator of the world's great conquerors--is arrested, and in place of +stolid self-conceit there shows fear. + +Well-grounded fear. History can show no crimes to equal the rape of +Belgium and the desolation of Poland at the hands of Germany. The giant +with the pistol stands not only as a returned warrior, but also as an +avenger of unspeakable crimes. + + E. CHARLES VIVIAN. + +[Illustration: WE HAVE FINISHED OFF THE RUSSIANS + +"Wait a moment."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +MUDDLE THROUGH + +Although this striking cartoon of Raemaekers may, since the consummation +of Lord Derby's Scheme and the raising of the new armies, be said to +have lost its sting it cannot be said no longer to have a lesson. + +At the time of its first publication the sight of England assailed by +the central Empires bent on her destruction for having thrown the weight +of her trident and her sword into the scales on the side of Justice and +Right against Lawlessness and Might, failed to evoke in many of her sons +the spirit of patriotism which has since manifested itself in many +glorious and immortal deeds. + +It was difficult for us to realize that we were at war. And at war not +merely to protect the weak and uphold ideals of national righteousness, +but for national existence itself. The doctrine of "muddle through" was +not confined to the War Office and other Government Departments, but +seemed to permeate the whole nation to a lamentable extent. In the +cartoon we have three typical men with that fatal "business (or +pleasure) as usual" expression on their faces. That Germany should seek +to wrest the trident and sovereignty of the seas from the hand of +Britain, or should have devastated Belgium and the North Eastern +Department of France was obviously no personal concern of theirs. Let +the other chaps fight if they would. + +Happily for England and for her gallant Allies the point of the cartoon +has been blunted, if not entirely destroyed, by subsequent events. But +the lesson? It is not far to seek. Is it not that had "business as +usual" not been so gladly adopted as the national creed in the early +days of war, we might have been happy in the blessings of Peace by now, +or at least have had Peace much nearer. + +We do not envy the men who might have gone but who stayed at home in +those early days, when their earlier presence on the field of battle +might have been the means not only of saving many thousands of valuable +lives, but of shortening the terrible carnage. It would have been a +thousand times better had the mind which conceived the phrase "business +as usual" been acute enough to foresee the possible and disastrous +misapplications of the phrase. Rather would it have been better had the +idea crystallized in "Do it now." + + CLIVE HOLLAND. + +[Illustration: MUDDLE THROUGH] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +MY ENEMY IS MY BEST FRIEND + +These words of Emerson's express exactly the thought of this cartoon. +The Netherlands is a country that has been slowly won from the ocean; +the cruel sea has always been its enemy, at first completely triumphant, +then gradually resisted and driven forth by the enterprise and toil of +men; but it is always an enemy to be dreaded. Its inroads have to be +guarded against by great dykes and by the never-ceasing care and +industry of the nation. Now and again the floods come, and people barely +escape in boats from the waters. Yet time and again the enemy has been +the best friend of the Netherlands. This enemy has saved them from the +domination of Spain, and now, as the refugees on the floods of last +winter are escaping from the jaws of death they feel that the water +which is now an enemy (_vijand_), may to-morrow be a friend (_vriend_); +for an invasion by the Germans, that ever-dreaded danger to all +patriotic Dutchmen, can be guarded against only by the friendly help of +the ocean which can be invoked in case of need to save its own people. +It was only in the last resort that William the Silent consented to let +in the sea. He resisted the Spaniards as long as he could, and only when +all possible chance of further resistance was at an end did he have +recourse to the sea as the last friend. He saved the country by allowing +the German Ocean to destroy it. In this cartoon the people in the boats +regard the sea as their enemy; but an invasion by German armies could +not be resisted except with the help of the friendly sea, whose voice is +the voice of Freedom. + + WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY. + +[Illustration: The Floods in Holland--now a fiend, to-morrow a friend.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +HOW I DEAL WITH THE SMALL FRY + +Perhaps only those who have the opportunity of reading the papers +published in neutral countries, and have made a study of the mendacious +"news for neutrals" issued by the notorious Woolf Agency and German +Wireless Bureau, are able to grasp the powerful inner motive which +actuates Raemaekers in the persistence with which he seeks to drive home +the tragic stories of Belgium and Luxemburg. At this time of day it +might seem superfluous to issue a cartoon of this kind. But is it? With +neutral opinion apparently by no means convinced as yet of the sinister +designs of Prussianism upon the liberties of Europe and especially of +smaller nations a drawing of such poignancy and force cannot fail to +arrest the attention and bring home the lesson of that creed which has +for its gospel such phrases as "Necessity knows no law" and "Force shall +rule." It is inconceivable to the thinking mind that there can be a man +or woman who, with the story of the violation of Belgium and Luxemburg +before them, can possibly hesitate to brand the German nation with the +mark of Cain, and tremble at the mere possibility that might should +triumph over right. + +Our wonderment is all the greater when we remember how the Kaiser and +his murderous hordes have made no secret of their methods. They may in +the end seek to deny them, to repudiate the deeds of blood and of unholy +sacrilege and violence which in the early days of war were avowed +concomitants of their policy, but such disavowal is not yet. + +Beneath the Kaiser's heel in bloody reality lie at the present time +Belgium and unprotected Luxemburg every whit as much as is shown by the +powerful pencil of the artist. + +The reign of lust, cruelty, and destruction is not yet done, though the +signs and portents of the end are not now a-wanting. The blood of men, +women, and little children shall not cease to cry aloud for vengeance +until the Prussian eagle is humbled in the dust, and its power for evil +is utterly destroyed. This is a good cartoon to bear in mind and look +upon should "War weariness" ever overtake one. It will be a good one to +have upon one's wall when peace talk is head in the land. + +Thomas Moore may be said to have composed an epitaph for Prussianism +three-quarters of a century ago when he wrote the lines: + + "Accursed is the march of that glory + Which treads o'er the hearts of the free." + +A great statesman has declared "the Allies will not sheathe the sword +until Justice is vindicated." Let us add "and until reparation is +exacted to the uttermost farthing from these responsible for this bloody +conflict and its diabolical crimes, whether the perpetrators be high or +low." + + CLIVE HOLLAND. + +[Illustration: How I deal with the small fry.] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE TWO EAGLES + +A double-edged satire on both political birds. Neither is a true eagle. +They have talons but nothing of the noble air proper to the king of +birds. The German bird is not an eagle but a vulture; and he is in a +sorry plight, with torn and ruffled feathers, dishevelled, dripping +blood. He is disappointed, angry, soured, and unhappy. Yet he is +straightforward about it. He makes no attempt to disguise his feelings, +but glares at the other with the indignation of one who has been +deceived written on his face and vibrating in his voice. + +And his reproach gets home. The American bird, who is bigger and stands +on a bigger rock, is sleek enough except about the head which is a bit +ruffled. But he is more of a raven than an eagle in his sable plumes of +professional cut, and he is obviously not at ease. He does not look the +other in the face. He stares straight in front of him at nothing with a +forced, hard and fixed smile, obviously assumed because he has no reply +to make. + +During the war many indiscreet phrases have dropped from the lips of +prominent persons who must bitterly regret them and wish them buried +deep in oblivion. But they stand on record, and history will not let +them die. "Too proud to fight" is the most unfortunate of all, and when +others are forgotten it will remain, because it has a general +application. Mr. Raemaekers exposes its foolishness here with a single +masterly touch and he puts the exposure in the right mouth. The cartoon +is an illuminating epitome of the interminable exchange of notes between +the two Powers on submarine warfare. + + A. SHADWELL. + +[Illustration: "I thought you said you were too proud to fight."] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +LONDON--INSIDE THE SAVOY + +At first glance this cartoon would seem to imply that the people inside +the Savoy had little interest in the war, for the figures in evening +dress are well in the foreground; a count of heads, however, will show +six, and possibly seven men in uniform and only four in civilian attire, +and of the soldiers not one is dancing--they are lookers-on at these +strange beings who pursue the ordinary ways of life. + +Of such beings, not many are left--certainly not this proportion of four +to six, or four to seven. Compulsion has thinned the ranks of the +shirkers down to an irreducible minimum, and a visit to the Savoy at any +time in the last six months of 1916 would show khaki entirely +preponderant, just as it is in the streets. These correctly dressed and +monocled young men have been put into the national machine, and moulded +into fighting material--their graves are thick in Flanders and along the +heights north of the Somme, and they have proved themselves equal and +superior to what had long been regarded as the finest fighting forces of +Europe. + +It is in reality no far cry from the Somme fighting area to the light +and the music of the Savoy, and a man may dance one night and die under +a German bullet the next--many have already done so. Here the artist +shows the lighter side of British life to-day, but one has only to turn +to the companion cartoon to this, "Outside the Savoy," to see that he +realizes London as thoroughly in earnest about the war. + + E. CHARLES VIVIAN. + +[Illustration: LONDON--INSIDE THE SAVOY] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +LONDON--OUTSIDE THE SAVOY + +The newsboy, under military age; one man, well over military age; three +women--and all the rest in uniform--even the top of the bus that shows +in the distance is filled with soldiers. Thus Raemaekers sees the +Strand, one of the principal thoroughfares of the heart of the British +Empire. + +For the sake of contrast with the companion cartoon, "Inside the Savoy," +there is a slight exaggeration in this view of London street life in +war-time--the proportion of civilians to soldiers is necessarily greater +than this, or the national life could not go on. A host of industries +are necessary to the prosecution of the war, and it falls to some men to +stay behind--many of them unwillingly. + +There was a time, in the early days, when Britain suffered from an +under-estimate of the magnitude of this task of war--a time which the +cartoon "Inside the Savoy" typifies in its presentment of careless +enjoyment. But that attitude was soon dispelled, and it is significant +of the spirit of the nation that only when nine-tenths of the necessary +army had been raised by voluntary--indeed, this is a certainty, for not +until long after the cartoon was published did any conscripts appear in +the streets. Though, in the proportion of soldiers to civilians, the +cartoon may exaggerate, in its presentment of the spirit of the nation, +and of the determination of the nation with regard to the war, it is +true to life. + + E. CHARLES VIVIAN. + +[Illustration: LONDON--OUTSIDE THE SAVOY] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE INVOCATION + +This drawing touches the highest level of the draughtsman's art and +demonstrates the unique power of the pencil in a master hand. So simple, +so true, so complete, so direct and so eloquent is the message that +words can add nothing to it. They can only pay a tribute of +appreciation. + +Everybody can read the meaning at a glance; none can read it wholly +unmoved. For here is pure humanity, which none can escape, the primal +instinct without which man that is born of woman would not be. Before +this weak, bowed, and homely figure Knowledge is silent, Pride and +Passion are rebuked. Strength is shamed. Motherhood and mother-love +transcend them all. + +There is here nothing of anger, no thought of hostility or revenge, no +trace of evil passion. Only a mother yearning after her son and pleading +to another mother, the Divine type of motherhood, the Mother of God. And +what she asks is so little, only to see him again. She has given him, as +the mother to whom she prays gave her Son, and she does not demand him +back. She reproaches no one, accuses no one, makes no complaint and no +claim for herself, but meekly pleads that she may be allowed to see him +again to still the longing in her breast. She is a woman of the people, +a simple peasant, but she personifies all mothers in every war, as she +bows her silvered head in humble prayer at the way-side shrine. + + A. SHADWELL. + +[Illustration: MON FILS--BELGIUM, 1914 + +"Let me see him again, Holy Virgin!"] + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS +GARDEN CITY, N. 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