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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Raemaekers' Cartoons, by Louis Raemaekers
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Raemaekers' Cartoons
+       With Accompanying Notes by Well-known English Writers
+
+Author: Louis Raemaekers
+
+Contributor: H. H. Asquith
+
+Illustrator: Louis Raemaekers
+
+Release Date: August 26, 2006 [EBook #19126]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RAEMAEKERS' CARTOONS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Roger Frank and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+RAEMAEKERS' CARTOONS
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+[Illustration:
+
+(Transcriber's note: a signed Portrait of Louis Raemaekers)
+
+Photograph by Miss D. Compton Collier]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+RAEMAEKERS' CARTOONS
+
+WITH ACCOMPANYING NOTES BY
+WELL-KNOWN ENGLISH WRITERS
+
+WITH AN APPRECIATION FROM H. H. ASQUITH,
+PRIME MINISTER OF ENGLAND
+
+GARDEN CITY NEW YORK
+DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
+1916
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Copyright, 1916, by
+DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
+
+All rights reserved, including that of translation into foreign
+languages, including the Scandinavian.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LIST OF CARTOONS AND THE DESCRIPTIVE NOTES
+                                                                      PAGE
+PORTRAIT OF LOUIS RAEMAEKERS
+INTRODUCTION                                   Francis Stopford
+AN APPRECIATION FROM THE PRIME MINISTER        H. H. Asquith
+CHRISTENDOM AFTER TWENTY CENTURIES             Francis Stopford          8
+A STABLE PEACE                                 Eden Phillpotts          10
+THE MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS                  E. Charles Vivian        12
+BERNHARDIISM                                   Hilaire Belloc           14
+FROM LIÈGE TO AIX-LA-CHAPELLE                  Francis Stopford         16
+SPOILS FOR THE VICTORS                         Hilaire Belloc           18
+THE VERY STONES CRY OUT                        Bernard Vaughan, S. J.   20
+SATAN'S PARTNER                                G. K. Chesterton         22
+THROWN TO THE SWINE                            The Dean of St. Paul's   24
+THE LAND MINE                                  Herbert Warren           26
+"FOR YOUR MOTHERLAND"                          Eden Phillpotts          28
+THE GERMAN LOAN                                E. Charles Vivian        30
+EUROPE, 1916                                   G. K. Chesterton         32
+THE NEXT TO BE KICKED OUT--DUMBA'S MASTER      Arthur Pollen            34
+THE FRIENDLY VISITOR                           H. DeVere Stacpoole      36
+"TO YOUR HEALTH, CIVILIZATION!"                The Dean of St. Paul's   38
+FOX TIRPITZ PREACHING TO THE GEESE             Herbert Warren           40
+THE PRISONERS                                  Eden Phillpotts          42
+IT'S UNBELIEVABLE                              Hilaire Belloc           44
+KREUZLAND, KREUZLAND ÜBER ALLES                The Dean of St. Paul's   38
+THE EX-CONVICT                                 Hilaire Belloc           48
+MISS CAVELL                                    G. K. Chesterton         50
+THE HOSTAGES                                   John Oxenham             52
+KING ALBERT'S ANSWER TO THE POPE               E. Charles Vivian        54
+THE GAS FIEND                                  Eden Phillpotts          56
+THE GERMAN TANGO                               John Buchan              58
+THE ZEPPELIN TRIUMPH                           W. L. Courtney           60
+KEEPING OUT THE ENEMY                          H. DeVere Stacpoole      62
+THE GERMAN OFFER                               Hilaire Belloc           64
+THE WOLF TRAP                                  Herbert Warren           66
+AHASUERUS II                                   John Buchan              68
+OUR CANDID FRIEND                              The Dean of St. Paul's   70
+PEACE AND INTERVENTION                         Boyd Cable               72
+LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD                         H. DeVere Stacpoole      74
+THE SEA MINE                                   Arthur Pollen            76
+"SEDUCTION"                                    G. K. Chesterton         78
+MURDER ON THE HIGH SEAS                        Arthur Pollen            80
+AD FINEM                                       John Oxenham             82
+"U'S"                                          Arthur Pollen            84
+MATER DOLOROSA                                 Eden Phillpotts          86
+"GOTT STRAFE ITALIEN!"                         Ralph D. Blumenfeld      88
+SERBIA                                         Sir Sidney Lee           90
+"JUST A MOMENT--I'M COMING"                    Boyd Cable               92
+THE HOLY WAR                                   Boyd Cable               94
+"GOTT MIT UNS"                                 Eden Phillpotts          96
+THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM                          The Dean of St. Paul's   98
+THE HARVEST IS RIPE                            William Mitchell Ramsay 100
+"UNMASKED"                                     Boyd Cable              102
+THE GREAT SURPRISE                             G. K. Chesterton        104
+THOU ART THE MAN!                              John Oxenham            106
+SYMPATHY                                       Ralph D. Blumenfeld     108
+THE REFUGEES                                   Joseph Thorp            110
+"THE JUNKER"                                   Clive Holland           112
+"AU MILIEU DE FANTÔMES TRISTES ET SANS NOMBRE" Alice Meynell           114
+BLUEBEARD'S CHAMBER                            William Mitchell Ramsay 116
+THE RAID                                       Arthur Pollen           118
+BETTER A LIVING DOG THAN A DEAD LION           Arthur Shadwell         120
+"THE BURDEN OF THE INTOLERABLE DAY"            William Mitchell Ramsay 122
+EAGLE IN HEN-RUN                               Boyd Cable              124
+THE FUTURE                                     Sidney Lee              126
+CHRIST OR ODIN?                                Bernard Vaughan         128
+FERDINAND                                      Edmund Gosse            130
+JUGGERNAUT                                     John Oxenham            132
+MICHAEL AND THE MARKS                          W. M. J. Williams       134
+THEIR BERESINA                                 John Oxenham            136
+NEW PEACE OFFERS                               W. L. Courtney          138
+THE SHIELDS OF ROSSELAERE                      William Mitchell Ramsay 140
+THE OBSTINACY OF NICHOLAS                      Joseph Thorp            142
+THE ORDER OF MERIT                             Ralph D. Blumenfeld     144
+THE MARSHES OF PINSK                           Alice Meynell           146
+GOD WITH US                                    John Buchan             148
+FERDINAND THE CHAMELEON                        G. K. Chesterton        150
+THE LATIN SISTERS                              Horace Annesley Vachell 152
+MISUNDERSTOOD                                  Joseph Thorp            154
+PROSPERITY REIGNS IN FLANDERS                  Cecil Chesterton        156
+THE LAST HOHENZOLLERN                          E. Charles Vivian       158
+PIRACY                                         Arthur Pollen           160
+"WEEPING, SHE HATH WEPT"                       Father Bernard Vaughan  162
+MILITARY NECESSITY                             Eden Phillpotts         164
+LIBERTÉ! LIBERTÉ, CHÉRIE!                      John Oxenham            166
+I--"A KNAVISH PIECE OF WORK"                   George Birdwood         168
+II--"SISYPHUS,--HIS STONE"                     George Birdwood         170
+CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS                           A. Shadwell             172
+PALLAS ATHENE                                  Herbert Warner          174
+THE WONDERS OF CULTURE                         Clive Holland           176
+FOLK WHO DO NOT UNDERSTAND THEM                Bernard Vaughan         178
+ON THE WAY TO CALAIS                           Eden Phillpotts         180
+VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG AND TRUTH                 Herbert Warren          182
+VAN TROMP AND DE RUYTER                        Arthur Pollen           184
+WAR AND CHRIST                                 Cecil Chesterton        186
+BARBED WIRE                                    E. Charles Vivian       188
+THE HIGHER POLITICS                            Boyd Cable              190
+THE LOAN GAME                                  W. M. J. Williams       192
+A WAR OF RAPINE                                E. Charles Vivian       194
+THE DUTCH JUNKERS                              A. Shadwell             196
+THE WAR MAKERS                                 John Oxenham            198
+THE CHRISTMAS OF KULTUR                        A. Shadwell             200
+SERBIA                                         Horace Annesley Vachell 202
+THE LAST OF THE RACE                           Arthur Pollen           204
+THE CURRICULUM                                 W. M. J. Williams       206
+THE DUTCH JOURNALIST TO HIS BELGIAN CONFRÈRE   G. K. Chesterton        208
+A BORED CRITIC                                 Eden Phillpotts         210
+"THE PEACE WOMAN"                              Clive Holland           212
+THE SELF-SATISFIED BURGHER                     W. L. Courtney          214
+THE DECADENT                                   John Oxenham            216
+LIQUID FIRE                                    Clive Holland           218
+NISH AND PARIS                                 Sidney Lee              220
+GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND!                           Cecil Chesterton        222
+THE PACIFICIST KAISER                          Sidney Lee              224
+DINANT                                         W. R. Inge              226
+"HESPERIA" (WOUNDED FIRST)                     H. DeVere Stacpoole     228
+GALLIPOLI                                      G. K. Chesterton        230
+THE BEGINNING OF THE EXPIATION                 G. K. Chesterton        232
+THE SHIRKERS                                   Sidney Lee              234
+ONE OF THE KAISER'S MANY MISTAKES              John Oxenham            236
+BELGIUM IN HOLLAND                             Edmund Gosse            238
+SERBIA                                         William Mitchell Ramsay 240
+JACKALS IN THE POLITICAL FIELD                 Herbert Warren          242
+A LETTER FROM THE GERMAN TRENCHES              Cecil Chesterton        244
+HIS MASTER'S VOICE                             A. Shadwell             246
+HUN GENEROSITY                                 Horace Annesley Vachell 248
+EASTER, 1915                                   G. K. Chesterton        250
+PAN GERMANICUS AS PEACE MAKER                  Alfred Stead            252
+GOTT MIT UNS                                   Cecil Chesterton        254
+OUR LADY OF ANTWERP                            W. L. Courtney          256
+DEPORTATION                                    Cecil Chesterton        258
+THE GERMAN BAND                                John Oxenham            260
+ARCADES AMBO                                   Horace Annesley Vachell 262
+"IS IT YOU, MOTHER?"                           Sidney Lee              264
+THE FATE OF FLEMISH ART AT THE HANDS OF KULTUR
+                                               Arthur Morrison         266
+THE GRAVES OF ALL HIS HOPES                    H. DeVere Stacpoole     268
+"MY SIXTH SON IS NOW LYING HERE--WHERE ARE YOURS?"
+                                               H. DeVere Stacpoole     270
+BUNKERED                                       W. R. Inge              272
+GOTT STRAFE VERDUN                             W. R. Inge              274
+THE LAST THROW                                 E. Charles Vivian       276
+THE ZEPPELIN BAG                               Clive Holland           278
+"COME IN, MICHAEL, I HAVE HAD A LONG SLEEP"    Horace Annesley Vachell 280
+FIVE ON A BENCH                                G. K. Chesterton        282
+WHAT ABOUT PEACE, LADS?                        W. R. Inge              284
+THE LIBERATORS                                 Joseph Thorp            286
+TOM THUMB AND THE GIANT                        E. Charles Vivian       288
+"WE HAVE FINISHED OFF THE RUSSIANS"            E. Charles Vivian       290
+MUDDLE THROUGH                                 Clive Holland           292
+MY ENEMY IS MY BEST FRIEND                     William Mitchell Ramsay 294
+HOW I DEAL WITH THE SMALL FRY                  Clive Holland           296
+THE TWO EAGLES                                 A. Shadwell             298
+LONDON INSIDE THE SAVOY                        E. Charles Vivian       300
+LONDON OUTSIDE THE SAVOY                       E. Charles Vivian       302
+THE INVOCATION                                 A. Shadwell             304
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+Louis Raemaekers will stand out for all time as one of the supreme
+figures which the Great War has called into being. His genius has been
+enlisted in the service of mankind, and his work, being entirely sincere
+and untouched by racial or national prejudice, will endure; indeed, it
+promises to gain strength as the years advance. When the intense
+passions, which have been awakened by this world struggle, have faded
+away, civilization will regard the war largely through these wonderful
+drawings.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Before the war had been in progress many weeks the cartoons in the
+Amsterdam _Telegraaf_ attracted attention in the capitals of Europe,
+many leading newspapers reproducing them. The German authorities, quick
+to realize their full significance, did all in their power to suppress
+them. Through German intrigue Raemaekers has been charged in the Dutch
+Courts with endangering the neutrality of Holland--and acquitted. A
+price has been set on his head, should he ever venture over the border.
+
+When he crossed to England, his wife received anonymous post-cards,
+warning her that his ship would certainly be torpedoed in the North Sea.
+The Cologne _Gazette_, in a leading article on Holland, threatens that
+country that "after the War Germany will settle accounts with Holland,
+and for each calumny, for each cartoon of Raemaekers, she will demand
+payment with the interest that is due to her." Not since Saul and the
+men of Israel were in the valley of Elah fighting with the Philistines
+has so unexpected a champion arisen. With brush and pencil this Dutch
+painter will do even as David did with the smooth stone out of the
+brook: he will destroy the braggart Goliath, who, strong in his own
+might, defies the forces of the living God.
+
+When Mr. Raemaekers came to London in December, he was received by the
+Prime Minister, and was entertained at a complimentary luncheon by the
+Journalists of the British capital. Similar honour was conferred on him
+on his second visit. He was the guest of honour at the Savage Club; the
+Royal Society of Miniature Painters elected him an Honorary Member. But
+it has been left to France to pay the most fitting recognition to his
+genius and to his services in the cause of freedom and truth. The Cross
+of the Legion of Honour has been presented to him, and on his visit to
+Paris this month a special reception is to be held in his honour at La
+Sorbonne, which is the highest purely intellectual reward Europe can
+confer on any man.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The great Dutch cartoonist is now in his forty-seventh year. He was born
+in Holland, his father, who is dead, having been the editor of a
+provincial newspaper. His mother, who is still alive and exceedingly
+proud of her son's fame, is a German by birth, but rejoices that she
+married a Dutchman. Mr. Raemaekers, who is short, fair, and of a ruddy
+countenance, looks at least ten years younger than his age. He took up
+painting and drawing when quite young and learnt his art in Holland and
+in Brussels. All his life he has lived in his own country, but with
+frequent visits to Belgium and Germany, where, through his mother, he
+has many relations. Thus he knows by experience the nature of the
+peoples whom he depicts.
+
+For many years he was a landscape painter and a portrait painter, and
+made money and local reputation. Six or seven years ago he turned his
+attention to political work, and became a cartoonist and caricaturist on
+the staff of the Amsterdam _Telegraaf_, thus opening the way to a fame
+which is not only world-wide but which will endure as long as the memory
+of the Great War lasts. His ideas come to him naturally and without
+effort. Suggestions do not assist him; they hinder him when he
+endeavours to act on them. He is an artist to his finger-tips and throws
+the whole force of his being into his work. Some years ago he married a
+Dutch lady, who is devoted to music, and they have three children, two
+girls and a boy (the youngest); the eldest is now twelve. Very happy in
+his home, Mr. Raemaekers has no ambitions outside it, except to go on
+with his work. A Teuton paper has declared that Raemaekers' cartoons are
+worth at least two Army Corps to the Allies.
+
+The strong religious tendency which so often distinguishes his work
+makes one instinctively ask to what Church does the artist belong. He
+replies that he belongs to none, but was brought up a Catholic, and his
+wife a Protestant, and the differences which in later life severed each
+from their early teaching caused them to meet on common ground. But the
+intense Christian feeling of these drawings is beyond cavil or dispute:
+they again and again bring home to the heart the vital truths of the
+Faith with irresistible force, and the artist ever expresses the
+Christianity, not perhaps of the theologian, but of the honest and
+kindly man of the world.
+
+Praise has been bestowed upon his work by several German
+papers--qualified praise. The _Leipziger Volkszeitung_ has declared that
+Raemaekers' cartoons show unimpeachable art and great power of
+execution, but that they all lack one thing. They have no wit, no
+spirit. Which is true--in a sense. They do lack wit--German wit; they do
+lack spirit--German spirit. And what German wit and German spirit may be
+one can comprehend by a study of Raemaekers' cartoons.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It has been well said that no man living amidst these surging seas of
+blood and tears has come nearer to the rôle of Peacemaker than
+Raemaekers. The Peace which he works for is not a matter of arrangement
+between diplomatists and politicians: it is the peace which the
+intelligence and the soul of the Western world shall insist on in the
+years to be. God grant it be not long delayed, but it can only come when
+the enemy is entirely overthrown and the victory is overwhelming and
+complete.
+
+Empire House,                                 FRANCIS STOPFORD,
+  Kingsway, London.                             Editor, _Land and Water_.
+    February, 1916.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+AN APPRECIATION FROM THE PRIME MINISTER
+                                                      Downing Street,
+                                                        Whitehall, S. W.
+
+Mr. Raemaekers' powerful work gives form and colour to the menace which
+the Allies are averting from the liberty, the civilization, and the
+humanity of the future. He shows us our enemies as they appear to the
+unbiassed eyes of a neutral, and wherever his pictures are seen
+determination will be strengthened to tolerate no end of the war save
+the final overthrow of the Prussian military power.
+
+                                                    Signed H. H. ASQUITH.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+CHRISTENDOM AFTER TWENTY CENTURIES
+
+These pictures, with their haunting sense of beauty and their biting
+satire, might almost have been drawn by the finger of the Accusing
+Angel. As the spectator gazes on them the full weight of the horrible
+cruelty and senseless futility of war overwhelms the soul, and, sinking
+helplessly beneath it, he feels inclined to assume the same attitude of
+despair as is shown in "Christendom After Twenty Centuries."
+
+"War is war," the Germans preached and practised, and no matter how
+clement and correct may be the humanity of the Allies, we realize
+through these pictures what the human race has to face and endure once
+peace be broken. Is "Christendom After Twenty Centuries" to be even as
+Christianity was in the first century--an excuse for the perpetration of
+mad cruelties by degenerate Cæsars or Kaisers (spell it as you will) at
+their games? Cannot the higher and finer attributes of mankind be
+developed and strengthened without this apparently needless waste of
+agony and life? Is human nature only to be redeemed through the Cross,
+and must Calvary bear again and again its heavy load of human anguish?
+
+One cannot escape from this inner questioning as one gazes on
+Raemaekers' cartoons.
+
+                                                      FRANCIS STOPFORD.
+
+[Illustration: CHRISTENDOM AFTER TWENTY CENTURIES]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+A STABLE PEACE
+
+Were I privileged to have a hand at the Peace Conference, my cooperation
+would take the part of deeds and I should only ask to hang the walls of
+the council chamber with life-size reproductions of Raemaekers in
+blood-red frames. For human memory is weak, and as mind of man cannot
+grasp the meaning of a million, so may it well fail to keep steadily
+before itself the measure of Belgium--the rape and murder, the pillage
+and plunder, the pretences under which perished women and priests and
+children, the brutal tyranny--the left hand that beckoned in friendly
+fashion, the right hand, hidden with the steel.
+
+We can very safely leave France to remember Northern France and Russia
+not to forget Poland; but let Belgium and Serbia be at the front of the
+British mind and conscience; let her lift her eyes to these scorching
+pictures when Germany fights with all her cunning for a peace that shall
+leave Prussia scotched, not killed.
+
+Already one reads despondent articles, that the English tradition, to
+forgive and forget, is going to wreck the peace; and students of
+psychology fear that within us lie ineradicable qualities that will save
+the situation for Germany at the end.
+
+To suspect such a national weakness is surely to arm against it and see
+that our contribution to the Peace Conference shall not stultify our
+contribution to the War.
+
+The Germans have been kite-flying for six months, to see which way the
+wind blows; and when the steady hurricane broke the strings and flung
+the kites headlong to earth, those who sent them up were sufficiently
+proclaimed by their haste to disclaim.
+
+But when the actual conditions are created and the new "Scrap of Paper"
+comes to light, since German honour is dead and her oath in her own
+sight worthless, let it be worthless in our sight also, and let the
+terms of peace preclude her power to perjure herself again. Make her
+honest by depriving her of the strength to be dishonest. There is only
+one thing on earth the German will ever respect, and that is superior
+force. May Berlin, therefore, see an army of occupation; and may "peace"
+be a word banished from every Allied tongue until that preliminary
+condition of peace is accomplished, and Germany sees other armies than
+her own.
+
+Reason has been denied speech in this war; but if she is similarly
+banished from the company of the peace-makers, then woe betide the
+constitution of the thing they will create, for a "stable peace" must be
+the very last desire of those now doomed to defeat.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: A STABLE PEACE
+
+THE KAISER: "And remember, if they do not accept, I deny altogether."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS
+
+Some "neutrals," and even some of the people here in England, still
+doubt the reality of the German atrocities in Belgium, but Raemaekers
+has seen and spoken with those to whom the scene depicted in this
+cartoon is an ugly reality. One who would understand it to the full must
+visualize the hands behind the thrusting rifle butts, and the faces
+behind the hands, as well as the praying, maddened, despairing, vengeful
+women of the picture--and must visualize, too, the men thrust back
+another way, to wait _their_ fate at the hands of these apostles of a
+civilization of force.
+
+Yet even then full realization is impossible; the man whose pencil has
+limned these faces has only caught a far-off echo of the reality, and
+thus we who see his picture are yet another stage removed from the full
+horror of the scene that he gives us. Not on us, in England, have the
+rifle butts fallen; not for us has it chanced that we should be
+shepherded "men to the right, women to the left"; not ours the trenched
+graves and the extremity of shame. Thus it is not for us to speak, as
+the people of Belgium and Northern France will speak, of the limits of
+endurance, and of war's last terrors imposed on those whom war should
+have passed by and left untouched. We gather, dimly and with but a tithe
+of the feeling that experience can impart, that these extremities of
+shame and suffering have been imposed on a people that has done no
+wrong, and we may gain some slight satisfaction from the thought that to
+this nation is apportioned a share in the work of vengeance on the
+criminals.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: THE MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS
+
+"We _must_ do everything in good order--so men to the right, women to
+the left."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+BERNHARDIISM
+
+It is the most bestial part of this most bestial thing that it is
+calculated and a matter of orders. The private soldier takes his share
+of the loot, and is generally the instrument of the cold and ordered
+killing; but it is the officer-class which most profits in goods, and it
+is the higher command which dictates the policy. It was so in 1870. It
+is much more so to-day.
+
+This note of calculation is particularly to be seen in the fluctuations
+through which that policy has passed. When the enemy was absolutely
+certain of victory, outnumbering the invader by nearly two to one and
+sweeping all before him, we had massacres upon massacres: Louvain,
+Aerschot, the wholesale butchery of Dinant, the Lorraine villages (and
+in particular the hell of Guébervilliers). Even at the very extremity of
+his tide of invasion, and in the last days of it, came the atrocities
+and destruction of Sermaize. In the very act of the defeat which has
+pinned him and began the process of his destruction he was attempting
+yet a further repetition of these unnameable things at Senlis under the
+very gates of Paris.
+
+Then came the months when he felt less secure. The whole thing was at
+once toned down by order. Pillage was reduced to isolated cases, and
+murder also. Few children suffered.
+
+A recovery of confidence throughout his Eastern successes last summer
+renewed the crimes. Poland is full of them, and the Serbian land as
+well.
+
+In general, you have throughout these months of his ordeal a regular
+succession, of excess in vileness when he is confident, of restraint in
+it when he is touched by fear.
+
+This effect of fear upon the dull soul is a characteristic familiar to
+all men who know their Prussian from history, particularly the wealthier
+governing classes of Prussia. It is a characteristic which those who are
+in authority during this war will do well to bear in mind. Properly
+used, that knowledge may be made an instrument of victory.
+
+                                                        HILAIRE BELLOC.
+
+[Illustration: BERNHARDIISM
+
+"It's all right. If I hadn't done it some one else might."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+FROM LIÈGE TO AIX-LA-CHAPELLE
+
+    Moreover, by the means of Wisdom I shall obtain immortality, and
+    leave behind me an everlasting memorial to them that come after me.
+
+    "I shall set the people in order, and the nations shall be subject
+    unto me.
+
+    "Horrible tyrants shall be afraid, when they do but hear of me; I
+    shall be found good among the multitude, and valiant in war."
+    (Wisdom viii. 13, 14, 15.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Wisdom and Wisdom alone could have painted this terrible picture the
+most terrible perhaps which Raemaekers has ever done and yet the
+simplest. That he should have dared to leave almost everything to the
+imagination of the beholder is evidence of the wonderful power which he
+exercises over the mind of the people. Each of us knows what is in that
+goods-van and we shudder at its hideous hidden freight, fearing lest it
+may be disclosed before our eyes. Wisdom is but another name for supreme
+genius. So apposite are the verses which are quoted here from "The
+Wisdom of Solomon" in the "Apocrypha" that they seem almost to have been
+written on Louis Raemaekers.
+
+Moreover, this picture brings home to all of us in the most forcible
+manner possible the full reality of the horror of war.
+
+                                                      FRANCIS STOPFORD.
+
+[Illustration: FROM LIÈGE TO AIX-LA-CHAPELLE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SPOILS FOR THE VICTORS
+
+The feature that will stamp Prussian War forever, and make this group of
+campaigns stand out from all others, is the _character_ of its murder
+and pillage.
+
+Of all the historical ignorance upon which the foolish Pacifist's case
+is founded, perhaps the worst is the conception that these abominations
+are the natural accompaniment of war. They _have_ attached to war when
+war was ill organised in type. But the more subject to rule it has
+become, the more men have gloried in arms, the more they have believed
+the high trade of soldier to be a pride, the more have they eliminated
+the pillage of the civilian and the slaughter of the innocent from its
+actions. Those things belong to violent passion and to lack of reason.
+Modern war and the chivalric tradition scorned them.
+
+The edges of the Germanies have, in the past, been touched by the
+chivalric tradition: Prussia never. That noblest inheritance of
+Christendom never reached out so far into the wilds. And to Germany, now
+wholly Prussianized--which will kill us or which we shall kill--soldier
+is no high thing, nor is their any meaning attached to the word
+"Glorious." War is for that State a business: a business only to be
+undertaken with profit against what is certainly weaker; to be
+undertaken without faith and with a cruelty in proportion to that
+weakness. In particular it must be a terror to women, to children, and
+to the aged--for these remain unarmed.
+
+This country alone of the original alliance has been spared pillage. It
+has not been spared murder. But this country, though the process has
+perhaps been more gradual than elsewhere, is very vividly alive to-day
+to what would necessarily follow the presence of German soldiery upon
+English land.
+
+                                                        HILAIRE BELLOC.
+
+[Illustration: SPOILS FOR THE VICTORS
+
+"We must despoil Belgium if only to make room for our own culture."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE VERY STONES CRY OUT
+
+If the highly organized enemy with whom we are at grips in a
+life-and-death struggle would only play the war game in accordance with
+the rules drawn up by civilized peoples, he would, indeed, command our
+admiration no less than our respect. Never on this earth was there such
+a splendid fighting machine as that "made in Germany." The armies
+against us are the last word in discipline, fitness, and equipment; and
+are led by men who, born in barracks, weaned on munitions, have but one
+aim and end in view "World-Dominion or Downfall."
+
+As a matter of fact, instead of winning our admiration they have drawn
+our detestation. Not content with brushing aside all international laws
+of warfare, they have trampled upon every law, human and divine,
+standing in their way of conquest. Indeed, Germany's method of fighting
+would disgrace the savages of Central Africa.
+
+Prussianized Germany has the monopoly of "frightfulness." When not
+"frightful," Prussian troopers are not living down to the instructions
+of their War-lords to leave the conquered with nothing but eyes to weep
+with. Not content to crucify Canadians, murder priests, violate nuns,
+mishandle women, and bayonet children, the enemy torpedoes
+civilian-carrying liners, and bombs Red Cross hospitals. More, sinning
+against posterity as well as antiquity, Germans stand charged before man
+and God with reducing to ashes some of the finest artistic output of
+Christian civilization. When accused of crimes such as these, Germany
+answers through her generals: "The commonest, ugliest stone put to mark
+the burial-place of a German grenadier is a more glorious and venerable
+monument than all the cathedrals of Europe put together" (General von
+Disfurth in _Hamburger Nachrichten_). "Thus is fulfilled the well-known
+prophecy of Heine: 'When once that restraining talisman, the Cross, is
+broken ... Thor, with his colossal hammer, will leap up, and with it
+shatter into fragments the Gothic cathedrals'" (_Religion and Philosophy
+in Germany in the Nineteenth Century_).
+
+What, I ask, can you do with such people but either crush or civilize
+them?
+
+The very stones cry out against them.
+
+                                                  BERNARD VAUGHAN, S.J.
+
+[Illustration: THE VERY STONES CRY OUT]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SATAN'S PARTNER
+
+The cartoon bears the quotation from Bernhardi "War is as divine as
+eating and drinking." Yes; and German war is as divine as German eating
+and drinking. Any one who has been in a German restaurant during that
+mammoth midday meal which generally precedes a sleep akin to a
+hibernation, will understand how the same strange barbarous solemnity
+has ruined all the real romance of war. There is no way of conveying the
+distinction, except by saying vaguely that there is a way of doing
+things, and that butchering is not necessary to a good army any more
+than gobbling is necessary to a good dinner. In our own insular
+shorthand it can be, insufficiently and narrowly but not unprofitably,
+expressed by saying that it is possible both to fight and to eat like a
+gentleman. It is therefore highly significant that Mr. Raemaekers has in
+this cartoon conceived the devil primarily as a kind of ogre. It is a
+matter of great interest that this Dutch man of genius, like that other
+genius whose pencil war has turned into a sword, Will Dyson, lends in
+the presence of Prussia (which has been for many moderns their first
+glimpse of absolute or positive evil) to depriving the devil of all that
+moonshine of dignity which sentimental sceptics have given him. Evil
+does not mean dignity, any more than it means any other good thing. The
+stronger caricaturists have, in a sense, fallen back on the medieval
+devil; not because he is more mystical, but because he is more material.
+The face of Raemaekers' Satan, with its lifted jowl and bared teeth, has
+less of the half-truth of cynicism than of mere ignominious greed. The
+armies are spread out for him as a banquet; and the war which he
+praises, and which was really spread for him in Flanders, is not a
+Crusade but a cannibal feast.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: SATAN'S PARTNER
+
+BERNHARDI: "War is as divine as eating and drinking."
+SATAN: "Here is a partner for me."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THROWN TO THE SWINE
+
+The Germans have committed many more indefensible crimes than the
+military execution of the kind-hearted nurse who had helped
+war-prisoners to escape. They have murdered hundreds of women who had
+committed no offence whatever against their military rules. But though
+not the worst of their misdeeds, this has probably been the stupidest.
+It gained us almost as many recruits as the sinking of the _Lusitania_,
+and it made the whole world understand--what is unhappily the
+truth--that the German is wholly destitute of chivalry. He knows indeed
+that people of other nations are affected by this sentiment; but he
+despises them for it. Woman is the weaker vessel; and therefore,
+according to his code, she must be taught to know her place, which is to
+cook and sew, and produce "cannon-fodder" for the Government. Readers of
+Schopenhauer and Nietzsche will remember the advice given by those
+philosophers for the treatment of women. Nietzsche recommends a whip. It
+never occurred to German officialdom that the pedantic condemnation of
+one obscure woman, guilty by the letter of their law, would stir the
+heart of England and America to the depths, and steel our soldiers to
+further efforts against an enemy whose moral unlikeness to ourselves
+becomes more apparent with every new phase in the struggle.
+
+                                                THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.
+
+[Illustration: THROWN TO THE SWINE
+
+The Martyred Nurse]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE LAND MINE
+
+What does this cartoon suggest? I am asked and I ask myself. At first
+very little, almost nothing, only uninteresting, ugly death, gloomy,
+ghastly, dismal, but dull and largely featureless, blank and negative.
+Has the artist's power failed him? No, it is strongly drawn. Has his
+inspiration? What does it mean? Is it indeed meant? As I gaze and pore
+on it longer, I seem to see that it is just in this blank negation that
+its strength and its suggestion lie. It is meant. It has meaning. A
+blast has passed over this place, and this is its sequel, its derelict
+rubbish.
+
+It is death unredeemed, death with no very positive suggestion, with no
+hint of heroism, none of heroic action, little even of heroic passion;
+just death, helpless, hopeless, pointing to nothing but decomposition,
+decay, disappearance, _anéantissement_, reduction of the fair frame of
+life to nothingness. That is the peculiar horror of this war. Were the
+picture, as it well might be, even more hideous, and did it suggest
+something more definite, a story of struggle, say, recorded in
+contortion, or by wounds and weapons, it might be better.
+
+But men killed by machines, men killed by natural forces unnaturally
+employed, are indeed a fact and a spectacle squalid, sorry, unutterably
+sad.
+
+All wars have been horrible, but modern wars are more in extremes.
+Heroism is there, but not always. It is possible only in patches. There
+is much of the mere sacrifice of numbers. Strictly, there are scenes far
+worse than this, for death unredeemed is not the worst of sufferings or
+of ills. But few are sadder. This is indeed war made by those who hold
+it and will it to be "not a sport, but a science." There is no sport
+here. Men killed like this are like men killed by plague or the eruption
+of a volcano. And, indeed, what else are they? They are victims of a
+diseased humanity of the eruption--literal and metaphorical--of its
+hidden fires. And wars will grow more and more like this. What can stop
+them and banish these scenes? Only the hate of hate, only the love that
+can redeem even such a sight as this when at last we remember that it is
+for love's sake only that flesh and blood are in the last retort content
+to endure it.
+
+                                                        HERBERT WARREN.
+
+[Illustration: THE LAND MINE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"FOR YOUR MOTHERLAND"
+
+England's your Mother! Let your life acclaim
+  Her precious heart's blood flowing in your heart;
+Take ye the thunder of her solemn name
+  Upon your lips with reverence; play your part
+    By word and deed
+    To shield and speed
+The far-flung splendour of her ancient fame.
+
+England's your Mother! Shall not you, her child,
+  Quicken the everlasting fires that glow
+Upon your birthright's altar? England smiled
+  Beside your cradle, trusting you to show,
+    With manhood's might,
+    The undying light
+That points the road her free-born spirits go.
+
+England's your Mother! Man, forget it not
+  Wherever on the wide-wayed earth your fate
+Calls you to labour; whatsoe'er your lot--
+  In service, or in power, in stress or state--
+    Whate'er betide,
+    With humble pride,
+Remember! By your Mother you are great.
+
+England's your Mother! What though dark the day
+  Above the storm-swept frontier that you tread?
+Her vanished children throng the glorious way;
+  A myriad legions of her living dead
+    Those starry trains
+    That shared your pains
+Shall set their crown of light upon your head.
+
+England's your Mother! When the race is run
+  And you are called to leave your life and die,
+Small matter what is lost, so this be won:
+  An after-glow of blessed memory,
+    Gracious and pure,
+    In witness sure
+"England was this man's Mother: he, her son."
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: "MY SON, GO AND FIGHT FOR YOUR MOTHERLAND!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE GERMAN LOAN
+
+The bubble is very nicely balanced, for German "kultur," which is in
+reality but another word for "system" or "organization," rather than
+that which English-speaking people understand by "culture," has built up
+a system of internal credit that shall ensure the correct balance of the
+bubble--for just as long as the militarist policy of Germany can endure
+the strain of war. But money alone is not sufficient for victory; the
+peasant hard put to it to suppress his laugh, and the crowned Germania
+that built up the paper pedestal of the bubble, needed many other things
+to make that pedestal secure; there was needed integrity, and the
+respect of neighbouring nations, and the understanding of other points
+of view beside the doctrine of force, and liberty instead of coercion of
+a whole nation, and many other things that the older civilizations of
+Europe have accepted as parts of their code of life--the things this
+new, upstart Germany has not had time to learn. Thus, with the paper
+credit--and even with the gold reserve of which Germany has boasted, the
+pedestal is but paper. And the winds that blow from the flooded,
+corpse-strewn districts of the Yser, from Artois, from Champagne and the
+Vosges hills and forests, and from the long, long line of Russia's grim
+defences--these winds shall blow it away, leaving a nation bankrupt not
+only in money, but in the power to coerce, in the power to inspire fear,
+and in all those things out of which the Hohenzollern dynasty has built
+up the last empire of force.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: THE GERMAN LOAN
+
+"Don't breathe on the bubble or the whole will collapse."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+EUROPE, 1916
+
+There are some English critics who have not yet considered so simple a
+thing as that the case against horrors must be horrible. In this respect
+alone this publication of the work of the distinguished foreign
+cartoonist is a thing for our attention and enlightenment. It is the
+whole point of the awful experience which has to-day swallowed up all
+our smaller experiences, that we are in any case confronted with the
+abominable; and the most beautiful thing we can hope to show is only an
+abomination of it. Nevertheless, there is horror and horror. The
+distinction between brute exaggeration and artistic emphasis could
+hardly be better studied than in Mr. Raemaekers' cartoon, and the use he
+makes of the very ancient symbol of the wheel. Europe is represented as
+dragged and broken upon the wheel as in the old torture; but the wheel
+is that of a modern cannon, so that the dim background can be filled in
+with the suggestion of a wholly modern machinery. This is a very true
+satire; for there are many scientific persons who seem to be quite
+reconciled to the crushing of humanity by a vague mechanical environment
+in which there are wheels within wheels. But the inner restraint of the
+artist is suggested in the treatment of the torment itself; which is
+suggested by a certain rending drag in the garments, while the limbs are
+limp and the head almost somnolent. She does not strive nor cry; neither
+is her voice heard in the streets. The artist had not to draw pain but
+to draw despair; and while the pain is old enough the particular despair
+is modern. The victim racked for a creed could at least cry "I am
+converted." But here even the terms of surrender are unknowable; and she
+can only ask "Am I civilized?"
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: EUROPE, 1916
+
+"Am I not yet sufficiently civilized?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE NEXT TO BE KICKED OUT--DUMBA'S MASTER
+
+Uncle Sam is no longer the simple New England farmer of a century ago.
+He is rich beyond calculation. His family is more numerous than that of
+any European country save Russia. His interests are world-wide, his
+trade tremendous, his industry complex, his finance fabulous. Above all,
+his family is no longer of one race. The hatreds of Europe are not
+echoed in his house; they are shared and reverberate through his
+corridors. It is difficult, then, for him to take the simple views of
+right and wrong, of justice and humanity, that he took a century ago. He
+is tempted to balance a hundred sophistries against the principles of
+freedom and good faith that yet burn strongly within him. He is driven
+to temporize with the evil thing he hates, because he fears, if he does
+not, that his household will be split, and thus the greater evil befall
+him. But those that personify the evil may goad him once too often.
+Dumba the lesser criminal--as also the less dexterous--has betrayed
+himself and is expelled. When will Bernstorff's turn come? That it will
+come, indeed _must_ come, is self-evident. The artist sees things too
+clearly as they are not to see also what they will be. He therefore
+skips the ignoble interlude of prevarication, quibble, and intrigue, and
+gives us Uncle Sam happy at last in his recovered simplicity. So we see
+him here, enjoying himself, as only a white man can, in a wholehearted
+spurning of lies, cruelty, and murder.
+
+Note that Bernstorff--the victim of a gesture "fortunately rare amongst
+gentlemen"--is already in full flight through the air, while Uncle Sam's
+left foot has still fifteen inches to travel. The promise of an added
+velocity indicates that the flight of the unmasked diplomatist will be
+far. The sketched vista of descending steps gives us the satisfaction of
+knowing that the drop at the end will be deep. Every muscle of our
+sinewy relative is tense, limp, and projectile--the mouthpiece of
+Prussia goes to his inevitable end. There is no need of a sequel to show
+him shattered and crumpled at the bottom of the stairway.
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: THE NEXT TO BE KICKED OUT--DUMBA'S MASTER]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE FRIENDLY VISITOR
+
+Raemaekers is never false, and he never works for effect alone. That is
+what makes him so terrible to the people he criticises, and so
+effective.
+
+When he wants to depict the sturdy Dutch soul he draws a sturdy Dutch
+Body--ready to defend her home. No flags, no highfalutin, no symbolical
+figure posed for show; just cleanliness, determination, and good sense
+facing bestiality and oppression.
+
+The figure that stands for the Freedom of the Home opposed to the figure
+that stands for the Freedom of the Seas.
+
+Many an Englishman might take this picture to heart.
+
+                                                  H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.
+
+[Illustration: THE FRIENDLY VISITOR
+
+THE GERMAN: "I come as a friend."
+
+HOLLAND: "Oh, yes. I've heard that from my Belgian sister."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"TO YOUR HEALTH, CIVILIZATION!"
+
+This terrible cartoon points its own lesson so forcibly that its effect
+is more likely to be weakened than strengthened by any verbal comment.
+Death quaffs a goblet of human blood to the health of Civilization.
+Death has never enjoyed such a carnival of slaughter before, and it is
+Civilization that has made the holocaust possible. The comparatively
+simple methods of killing employed by barbarians could not have
+destroyed so many lives; nor could barbarian states have raised such
+huge armies. The artist makes us feel that such a war as this is an act
+of moral madness, a disgrace to our common humanity. It is true that
+some of the nations engaged are guiltless, and others almost guiltless;
+but there is a solidarity of European civilization which obliges us all
+to share the shame and sorrow of this monstrous crime. Universal war is
+the _reductio ad absurdum_ of false political theories and false moral
+ideals; and the _reductio ad absurdum_ is the chief argument which
+Providence uses with mankind. Perhaps it is the only argument which
+mankind in the mass can understand.
+
+                                                THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.
+
+[Illustration: "TO YOUR HEALTH, CIVILIZATION!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+FOX TIRPITZ PREACHING TO THE GEESE
+
+There is nothing more pathetic in some ways to-day than the position of
+the small neutral countries in Europe, and especially those which
+directly adjoin Germany. And there is nothing more galling than the
+inability of the Allies to give them any help. For the hour they are
+absolutely at the mercy of Germany, or would be, if she had any, and
+they know it. They are certainly liable and exposed to all her flouts
+and cuffs and to any displays of bad temper or bullying or terrorism it
+may please her to exercise. And none perhaps is worse off in this
+respect than Holland. It suits Germany to be fairly civil to
+Switzerland, who could give her a good deal of trouble by joining France
+and Italy; and no doubt it suits her too to some extent to consider
+Denmark, for Denmark commands the entrance to the Baltic; and, further,
+Germany does not wish to bring all Scandinavia down upon herself just at
+present. That can wait; but Holland is in the worst plight of all. She
+has the terrible spectacle of Belgium, ruined and ravaged, just on the
+other side of the way. And she has a very considerable and valuable
+mercantile marine.
+
+The great and good Germany cannot be troubled to distinguish between
+Dutch and other boats, and if occasionally a Dutch ship is captured or
+sent to the bottom, it is a useful reminder of what she might do to her
+"poor relation" if she really let herself go. Fighting for the freedom
+of the seas! Holland has fought for them herself. Holland has a great
+naval tradition. She knows quite well what England has been and is. She
+knows too, and can see, how her sons and brothers in South Africa were
+treated by the British in England's last war, and how they regard
+England and Germany now.
+
+Raemaekers' cartoon is very skilful. If we had not seen it done, we
+should not have believed it possible to produce at once so clever a
+likeness of Von Tirpitz and so excellent an old fox. But the goose is by
+no means a foolish bird, though its wisdom may sometimes be shown in
+knowing its own weakness. It was they, and not the watchdogs, that saved
+the Capitol. In old days it was the custom to call the Germans the "High
+Dutch" and the inhabitants of Holland the "Low Dutch." It was a
+geographical distinction. The contrast in moral elevation is the other
+way.
+
+                                                        HERBERT WARREN.
+
+[Illustration: FOX TIRPITZ PREACHING TO THE GEESE
+
+"You see, my little Dutch geese, I am fighting for the freedom of the
+seas." (The Germans illegally captured several Dutch ships.)]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE PRISONERS
+
+A Vile feature of German "frightfulness" is this: that she mixes poison
+with her prisoners' rations. Not content with starving their bodies, she
+hides truth from them and floods their minds with lies. Those in
+command--officers, educated men, claiming the service of their soldiers
+and civil guard and the respect of their nation--deliberately hash a
+daily meal of falsehood and serve up German victories and triumphs on
+land and sea as sauce to the starvation diet of their defenceless
+captives.
+
+In the earlier months of the war, while yet the spiritual slough into
+which Germany had sunk was unguessed, and the mixture of child and devil
+exemplified by "frightfulness" continued unfathomed, these daily lies
+undoubtedly answered their cowardly purpose, cast down the spirit of
+thousands, and added another pang to their captivity. But our armies
+know better now, and those diminishing numbers likely to be taken
+prisoner in the future see the end more clearly than the foe can. Lies
+will be met with laughter henceforth, for our enemies have put
+themselves beyond the pale. They may starve and insult our bodies; but
+their power to poison our brains has passed from them forever. We know
+them at last. They have spun a web of barbed villainy between their
+souls and ours; and the evil committed for one foul purpose alone--to
+terrify free men and break the spirit of the sons of liberty--has
+produced results far different and created a situation more terrible for
+them than for their outraged enemies.
+
+For in this matter of misrepresentation and lying, born of Prussia and
+by her spoon-fed pack of martinets, professors, and Churchmen, mingled
+with Germany's daily bread for a generation, it is she and not we who
+will reap the whirlwind of that sowing; it is she and not we who must
+soon pant and tear the breast in the pangs of the poison.
+
+Between the mad and the sane there can be only one victor; and when the
+time comes, may Germany's robe of repentance be a strait-waistcoat of
+the Allies' choosing. For she has drunk deep of the poison, and those
+who anticipate a speedy cure will be as mad as she. When the escaped
+tigress is back in her cage, men look to the bars, for none wants a
+second mauling.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: THE PRISONERS]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+IT'S UNBELIEVABLE
+
+I am not sure that in this cartoon of Raemaekers the most pleasing
+detail is not the servant's right eye. You will observe in that
+servant's right eye an expression familiar in those who overhear this
+sort of comment upon the peculiar bestialities of the Prussian in
+Belgium and Poland, this extenuation of his baseness. When the war was
+young the opportunity for giving that glance was commoner than it is
+now. There were many even in a belligerent country who would tell you in
+superior fashion how foolishly exaggerated were the so-called
+"atrocities." The greater number of such men (and women) talked of "two
+Germanies"--one the nice Germany they knew and loved so well, and the
+other apparently nasty Germany which raped, burned, stole, broke faith,
+tortured, and the rest. Their number has diminished. But there is a
+little lingering trace of the sort of thing still to be discovered: men
+and women who hope against hope that the Prussian will really prove good
+at heart after all. And it is usually just after some expression of the
+kind that the most appalling news arrives with a terrible irony to
+punctuate their folly. It reminds one a little of the man in the story
+who was sure that he could tame a wild cat, and was in the act of
+recording its virtues when it flew in his face. To an impartial observer
+who cared nothing for our sufferings or the enemy's vices, there would
+be something enormously comic in the vision of these few remaining (for
+there are still some few remaining) that approach the wild beast with
+soothing words and receive as their only reward a very large bomb
+through the roof of their house, or the news that some one dear to them
+has been murdered on the high seas. But to those actively suffering in
+the struggle the comic element is difficult to seize, and it is replaced
+by indignation. This fantastic misconception of the thing that is being
+fought is bound to be burned right out by the realities of the enemy
+acts in belligerent countries. It will be similarly destroyed--and that
+in no very great space of time--in all neutral countries as well.
+Prussia will have it so. She is allowing no moral defence to remain for
+her future. It is almost as though the men now directing her affairs
+lent ear carefully to every word spoken in praise of them abroad, and
+met it at once by the tremendous denial of example. It is almost as
+though the Prussian felt it a sort of personal insult to receive the
+praise of dupes and fools, and perhaps it is.
+
+                                                        HILAIRE BELLOC.
+
+[Illustration: IT'S UNBELIEVABLE
+
+DUTCH OFFICER: "How can they have soiled their hands by such
+atrocities?"
+
+SHE: "Can they have done it, my dear? German officers are
+so nice."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+KREUZLAND, KREUZLAND ÜBER ALLES
+
+This war has produced examples of every kind of misery which human
+beings can inflict upon each other, except one. Europe has mercifully
+been spared long sieges of populous towns, ending in the surrender of
+the starving population. But many towns and villages have been burnt;
+and masses of refugees have fled before the invader, knowing too well
+the brutal treatment which they had to expect if they remained. Very
+many of the unhappy Belgians have taken refuge in Holland; a
+considerable number have found an asylum in this country. They are
+homeless and ruined; if the war were to end to-morrow, many of them
+would not know where to go or how to live. Families have been broken up;
+husbands and wives, parents and children, are ignorant of each other's
+fate. In this picture we see a crowd of children, herded together like a
+flock of sheep, with nobody to take care of them. Their _via dolorosa_
+is marked by long rows of crosses on either side, emblems of suffering,
+death, and sacrifice. In the distance rise the smoke and flames from one
+of the innumerable incendiary fires which the Germans, like the cruel
+banditti of the Middle Ages, have kindled wherever they go.
+
+                                                THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.
+
+[Illustration: KREUZLAND, KREUZLAND ÜBER ALLES
+
+BELGIUM, 1914: "Where are our fathers?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE EX-CONVICT
+
+Prussia in every war has betrayed that peculiar mark of barbarism
+consisting in using the intellectual weapons of a superior, but not
+knowing how to use them. It is still a matter of mystery to the
+directing Prussian mind why the sinking of the _Lusitania_ should have
+shocked the world. A submarine cannot take a prize into port. The
+_Lusitania_ happened to be importing goods available in war, therefore
+the _Lusitania_ must be sunk. All the penumbræ of further consideration
+which the civilized man weighs escape this sort of logic. Similarly, the
+Prussian argues, if an armed man is prepared to surrender, convention
+decrees that his life should be spared. Therefore, if an armed man be
+just fresh from the murder of a number of children, he has but to cry
+"Kamerad" to be perfectly safe. And Prussia foams at the mouth with
+indignation whenever this strict rule of conduct is forgotten in the
+heat of the moment. The use of poison in the field which Prussia for the
+first time employed (and reluctantly compelled her civilized opponents
+to reply to) is in the same boat. A shell bursts because solid explosive
+becomes gaseous. To use shell which in bursting wounds and kills men is
+to use gas in war; therefore if one uses gas in the other form of
+poison, disabling one's opponent with agony, it is all one. Precisely
+the same barbaric use of logic--which reminds one of the antics of an
+animal imitating human gestures--will later apply to the poisoning of
+water supplies, or the spreading of an epidemic. It is soldierly and
+excites no contempt or indignation to strike at your enemy with a sword
+or shoot a pellet of lead at him in such a fashion that he dies. What is
+all this foolish pother about killing him with bacilli in his cisterns
+or with a drop of poison in his tea? Men in war have burned groups of
+houses with the torch in anger or for revenge. Why distinguish between
+that and the methodical sprinkling of petroleum from a hose by one gang
+and the equally methodical burning of the whole town house by house with
+little capsules of prepared incendiary stuff? The rule always
+applies--but only against the opponent: never to one's self. From that
+attitude of mind the Prussian will never emerge. We shall, please God,
+see that mood in all its beauty in later stages of the war, when the
+coercion of the Prussian upon his own soil leads to acts indefensible by
+Prussian logic. We have already had a taste of this sort of reasoning
+when the royalties fled from Karlsruhe and when the murderers upon the
+sinking Zeppelin received the reward due to men who boast that they will
+not keep faith.
+
+                                                        HILAIRE BELLOC.
+
+[Illustration: THE EX-CONVICT
+
+"I was a 'lifer,' but they found I had many abilities for bringing
+civilization amongst our neighbours, so now I am a soldier."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MISS CAVELL
+
+Most of the English caricaturists are much too complimentary to the
+German Emperor. They draw his moustaches, but not his face. Now his
+moustaches are exactly what he, or the whole Prussian school he
+represents, particularly wishes us to look at. They give him the fierce
+air of a fighting cock; and however little we may like fierceness, there
+will always be a certain residual respect for fighting, even in a cock.
+Now the Junker moustache is a fake; almost as much so as if it were
+stuck on with gum. It is, as Mr. Belloc has remarked, curled in a
+machine all night lest it should hang down. Raemaekers, in the sketch
+which shows the Kaiser as waiting for Nurse Cavell's death to say, "Now
+you can bring me the American protest," has gone behind the moustache to
+the face, and behind the face to the type and the spirit. The Emperor is
+not commanding in a lordly voice from a throne, but with a leer and
+behind a curtain. In the few lines of the lean, unnatural face is
+written the real history of the Hohenzollerns, the kind of history not
+often touched on in our comfortable English humour, but common to the
+realism of Continental art: the madness of Frederick William, the
+perversion of Frederick the Great, the hint, mingled with subtler
+talents, of the mere idiocy that seems to have flowered again in the
+last heir of that inhuman house. The Hohenzollerns have varied from
+generation to generation in many things and like many families; some of
+them have been tyrants, some of them geniuses, some of them merely
+boobies; but they have shared in something more than that hereditary
+policy which has been the poison in Christendom for two hundred years.
+There is a ghost who inhabits these perishing tenements, and in such a
+picture as this of Raemaekers men can see it looking out of the eyes.
+And it is neither the spirit of a tyrant nor of a booby; but the spirit
+of a sly invalid.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: MISS CAVELL
+
+WILLIAM: "Now you can bring me the American protest."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE HOSTAGES
+
+Ay', boy--you may well ask.
+
+And the world asks also, and in due time will exact an answer to the
+last drop of innocent blood.
+
+What have you done?
+
+You have fallen into the hands of the most scientifically organized
+barbarism the world has ever seen, or, please God, ever will see--to
+whom, of deliberate choice, such words as truth, honour, mercy, justice,
+have become dead letters, by reason of the pernicious doctrines on which
+the race has been nourished--by which its very soul has been poisoned.
+
+Dead letters?--worn-out rags, the very virtues they once represented,
+even in Germany, long since flung to the dust-heaps of the past in the
+soulless scramble for power and a place in the sun which no one denied
+her.
+
+Deliberately, and of malice prepense, the military caste of Prussia has
+taught, and the unhappy common-folk have accepted, that as a nation they
+are past all that kind of thing. There is only one right in the
+world--the might of the strongest. The weak to the wall! Make way for
+the Hun, whose god is power, and his high-priests the Kaiser and the
+Krupps.
+
+And so, every nation, even the smallest, on whom the eye of the Minotaur
+has settled in baleful desire, has said, "Better to die fighting than
+fall into the hands of the devil!" And they have fought--valiantly, and
+saved their souls alive, though their bodies may have been crushed out
+of existence by overwhelming odds. As nations, however, they shall rise
+again, and with honour, when their treacherous torturers have been
+crushed in their turn.
+
+And, wherever the evil tide has welled over a land, indemnities,
+incredible and unreasonable, have been exacted, and hostages for their
+payment, and for good behaviour under the yoke meanwhile, have been
+taken.
+
+Woe unto such! In many cases they have simply been shot in cold
+blood--murdered as brazenly as by any Jack-the-Ripper. Murder, too, of
+the most despicable--murder for gain--the gain that should accrue
+through the brutal terrorism of the act and its effect on the rest.
+
+And, if deemed advisable to gloss the crime with some thin veneer of
+imitation justice for the--unsuccessful--hoodwinking of a shocked and
+astounded world, what easier than an unseen shot in some obscure corner
+from a German rifle? Then--"Death to the hostages!--destruction to the
+village!--a fine of £100,000 on the town!"
+
+Those provocative shots from German rifles have surely been the most
+profitably engineered basenesses in the whole war. They have
+justified--but in German eyes only--every committable crime, and they
+cost nothing--except the souls of their perpetrators.
+
+"It's your money we want--and your land--and your property--and, if
+necessary, your lives! You are weak--we are strong--and so----!" That is
+the simple Credo of the Hun.
+
+But for all these things there shall come a day of reckoning and the
+account will be a heavy one.
+
+May it be exacted to the full--from the rightful debtors!
+
+"What have you done?" You have at all events put the rope round the
+necks of your murderers, and the whole world's hands are at the other
+end of it.
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: THE HOSTAGES
+
+"Father, what have we done?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+KING ALBERT'S ANSWER TO THE POPE
+
+The war has been singularly barren of heroic figures, perhaps because
+the magnitude of the events has called forth such a multitude of
+individually heroic acts that no one can be placed before the rest; yet,
+when this greatest phase of history comes to be written down with
+historic perspective, one figure--that of King Albert of Belgium--will
+stand as that of a twentieth-century Bayard, a great knight without fear
+and without reproach.
+
+Action on such far-flung lines as those of the European conflict has
+called for no great leaders in the sense in which that phrase has
+applied to previous wars; no Napoleon has arisen, though William
+Hohenzollern has aspired to Napoleonic dignity; war has become more
+mechanical, more a matter of mathematics--and the barbarians of Germany
+have made it more horrible. But, as if to accentuate German brutality
+and crime, this figure of King Albert stands emblematic of the virtues
+in which civilization is rooted; to the broken word of Germany it
+opposes untarnished honour; to the treacherous spirit of Germany it
+opposes inviolable truth; to the relentless selfishness of Germany it
+opposes the vicarious sacrifice of self, of a whole country and nation
+for the sake of a principle. And, in later days, men will remember how
+this truly great king held steadfastly to the little portion of his
+kingdom that the invasion left him; how he remained to inspirit his men
+by noble example, stubbornly rejecting peace without honour, and
+holding, when all else was wrecked, to the remnants of that army which
+saved Europe in the gateway of Liége. Amid violation, desecration, and
+destruction, Albert of Belgium has won imperishable fame.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: KING ALBERT'S ANSWER TO THE POPE
+
+"With him who broke his word, devastated my country, burned my villages,
+destroyed my towns, desecrated my churches, and murdered my people, I
+will not make peace before he is expelled from my country and punished
+for his crimes."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE GAS FIEND
+
+There is an order of minds that intuitively distrusts Science, detracts
+from the force of her achievements, and contends that devotion to
+machinery ends by making men machines. Many who argue thus have fastened
+on Germany's new war inventions as proof that Science makes for
+materialism and opposes the higher values of humanity and culture.
+
+This is special pleading, for against the destructive forces discovered
+and liberated by German chemists in this war, one has only to consider
+the vast amelioration of human life for which modern science has to be
+thanked. Because art has been created to evil purpose, shall we condemn
+pictures or statues? Because the Germans have employed gas poisons in
+warfare, are we to condemn the incalculable gifts of organic chemistry?
+
+Look at the eye of Louis Raemaekers' snake. That is the answer. It is
+the force behind this application of it that has brought German Science
+to shame. A precious branch of human knowledge has been prostituted by
+lust of blood and greed of gain until Science, in common with all
+learning, comes simply to be regarded by the masters of Germany as one
+more weapon in the armoury, one more power to help win "The Day." Every
+culture is treated in their alembic for the same purpose.
+
+We may picture the series of experiments that went to perfection of
+their poison gas; we may see their Higher Command watching the death of
+guinea-pig, rabbit, and ape with increasing excitement and enthusiasm as
+the hideous effects of their discovery became apparent. Be sure an iron
+cross quickly hung over the iron heart that conceived and developed this
+filthy arm; for does it not offer the essence--quintessence of all
+"frightfulness?" Does it not challenge every human nerve-centre by its
+horror? Does it not, once proclaimed, by anticipation awake those very
+emotions of dread and dismay that make the stroke more fatal when it
+falls?
+
+These people pictured their snake paralyzing the enemy into frozen
+impotence; the floundering Prussian psychology that cuts blocks with a
+razor and regards German mind as the measure of all mind, anticipated
+that poison gas would appeal to British and French as it has appealed to
+them. But it was not so. Their foresight gave them an initial success in
+the field; it slew a handful of men with additions of unspeakable
+agony--and rekindled the execration and contempt of Civilization.
+
+As an arm, poison gas cannot be considered conspicuously successful,
+since it is easily encountered; but for the Allies it had some value,
+since it weighted appreciably the scale against Germany in neutral minds
+and added to the universal loathing astir at the heart of the world.
+Only fear now holds any kingdom neutral: there is not an impartial
+nation left on earth.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: THE GAS FIEND]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE GERMAN TANGO
+
+A blond woman, wearing the Imperial crown and with her hair braided in
+pigtails like a German _backfisch_, is whirling in the tango with a
+skeleton partner. Her face is livid with terror and fatigue, her limbs
+are drooping, but she is held by inexorable bony claws. On the feet of
+the skeleton are dancing pumps, a touch which adds to the grimness. This
+ghoulish dance does not lack its element of ghastly ceremonial.
+
+The Dance of Death has long been the theme of the moralist in art, from
+Orcagna's fresco on the walls of the Campo Santo at Pisa to Holbein's
+great woodcuts and our own Rowlandson. In Germany especially have these
+_macabre_ imaginings flourished. The phantasmagoria of decay has haunted
+German art, as it haunted Poe, from Dürer to Boecklin. But the mediæval
+Dance of Death was stately allegory, showing the pageant of life brooded
+over by the shadow of mortality. In M. Raemaekers' cartoon there is no
+dignity, no lofty resignation. He shows Death summoned in a mad caprice
+and kept as companion till the revel becomes a whirling horror.
+
+It is the profoundest symbol of the war. In a hot fit of racial pride
+Death has been welcomed as an ally. And the dance on which Germany
+enters is no stately minuet with something of tragic dignity in it. It
+is a common modern vulgar shuffle, a thing of ugly gestures and violent
+motions, the true sport of degenerates. Once begun there is no halting.
+From East to West and from West to East the dancers move. There is no
+rest, for Death is a pitiless comrade. From such a partner, lightly and
+arrogantly summoned, there can be no parting. The traveller seeks a
+goal, but the dancers move blindly and aimlessly among the points of the
+compass. Death, when called to the dance, claims eternal possession.
+
+                                                           JOHN BUCHAN.
+
+[Illustration: THE GERMAN TANGO
+
+"From East to West and West to East I dance with thee!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE ZEPPELIN TRIUMPH
+
+When the future historian gives to another age his account of all that
+is included in German "frightfulness," there is no feature upon which he
+will dilate more emphatically than the extraordinary use made by the
+enemy of their Zeppelin fleet. In the experience we have gained in the
+last few months we discover that the Zeppelins are not employed--or, at
+all events, not mainly employed--for military purposes, but in order to
+shake the nerves of the non-combatant population. The history of the
+last few Zeppelin raids in England is quite sufficient testimony to this
+fact. London is bombarded, although it is an open city, and a large
+amount of damage is done to buildings wholly unconnected with the
+purposes of the war. The persons who are killed are not soldiers, they
+are civilians; the buildings destroyed are not munition works, but
+dwelling-houses, and some of the points of attack are theatres.
+
+The same thing has happened in the provinces. In the last raid over the
+Midlands railway stations were destroyed, some breweries were injured,
+but, with exceedingly few exceptions, munition works and factories for
+the production of arms were untouched. Here again the victims are not
+either soldiers or sailors, or even workmen employed in turning out
+instruments of war, but peaceable citizens and a large proportion of
+women and children.
+
+Some such act of brutality is illustrated in the accompanying cartoon. A
+private house has been attacked, the mother has been killed, the father
+and child are left desolate. The little daughter at her father's knee,
+who cannot understand why guiltless people should suffer, asks the
+importunate question whether her mother had done anything wrong to
+deserve so terrible a fate. To the childish mind it seems
+incomprehensible that aimless and indiscriminate murder should fall on
+the guiltless.
+
+Indeed the mother had done no wrong. She only happened to belong to one
+of the nations who are struggling against a barbaric tyranny. In that
+reckless crusade which the Central Powers are waging against all the
+higher laws of morality and civilization, some of the heaviest of the
+blows fall on the defenceless. It is this appalling inhumanity, this
+godless desire to maim and wound and kill, which nerves the arms of the
+Allies, who know that in a case like this they are fighting for freedom
+and for the Divine laws of mercy and loving-kindness.
+
+And it is for the young especially that the war is being waged, young
+boys and young girls like the motherless child in the picture, in order
+that they may inherit a Europe which shall be free from the horrible
+burden of German militarism, and be able to live useful lives in peace
+and quietness. No, little girl, mother did no wrong! But _we_ should be
+guilty of the deepest wrong if we did not avenge her death and that of
+other similar victims by making such unparalleled crimes impossible
+hereafter.
+
+                                                        W. L. COURTNEY.
+
+[Illustration: THE ZEPPELIN TRIUMPH
+
+"But Mother had done nothing wrong, had she, Daddy?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+KEEPING OUT THE ENEMY
+
+The Prussian turns everything to account, from the scrapings of the
+pig-trough to the Austrian Emperor.
+
+The Bavarian lists, the Saxon lists, the Austrian lists--these are all
+only indications of injuries to the Prussian's life-saving waistcoat. If
+this war is to be a war to the last penny and the last man, the last
+Austrian will die before the last Saxon, the last Saxon before the last
+Bavarian, the last Bavarian before the last Prussian--and the last
+Prussian will not die: he will live to clutch at the last penny.
+
+And the pity of it is that the Austrian is quite a good fellow, the
+Saxon is a decent sort of man, the Bavarian is chiefly a brute in drink,
+whilst the Prussian--we all know what the Prussian is, the black centre
+of hardness, the incarnation of the shady trick, and the very complex
+soul of mechanical efficiency.
+
+The Hohenzollern here makes a sandbag of the Hapsburg, of whom Fate has
+already made a football.
+
+Fate has always been behind the Hapsburg for his own sins and those of
+his house. She has made him kneel at last.
+
+                                                  H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.
+
+[Illustration: "You see how I manage to keep the enemy out of _my_
+country!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE GERMAN OFFER
+
+The German claim--not the Austrian nor the Turk, for the alliance
+following Germany is to be allowed little force--is that, the
+civilization of Europe now being defeated, a Roman pride may be generous
+to the fallen. Before modern Germany is routed, as may be seen in the
+features of its citizens, the nobility of its public works, and the
+admirable, restrained, and classic sense of its literature, this
+generosity to a humbled world will take the form of letting nations, of
+right independent, enjoy some measure of freedom under a German
+suzerainty. In the matter of property the magnanimous descendants of
+Frederick and William the Great will restore the machines which cannot
+be wrenched from their concrete beds, and the walls of the
+manufactories. More liquid property, such as jewellery, furniture,
+pictures--and coin--it will be more difficult to trace. In any case,
+Europe may breathe again, though with a shorter breath than it did
+before Germany conquered at the Marne.... This is the majestic vision
+which the subtle diplomats of Berlin present to the admiration of the
+neutral Powers, happily free from wicked passions of war, and not
+blinded, as are the British, French, Russians, Italians, Belgians, and
+the Serbians, by petty spite. Their audience, their triple audience, is
+part of Greece, some of the public of Spain, and sections of that of the
+United States. To the French and the British armies in the West, to the
+Russians in the East, and to the Italians upon their frontiers, the
+terms appear insufficient. Therein would seem to lie the gravity of
+Prussia's case. These belligerent Powers will go so far as to demand
+more than the mere restoration of stolen property, from cottage
+furniture to freedom. And their anger has risen so high that they even
+propose to make the acquirer of these goods suffer very bitterly indeed.
+What plea he will then raise under discomforts more serious than those
+he has caused to the peasants of Flanders and of Poland, and how those
+pleas will affect his neutral audience, will have no effect whatever on
+the result of the war, or on his own unpleasing fate. Those appeals will
+have a certain interest, however, because we know from the past that the
+German mind is unstable. Within fifteen short months it proposed the
+annihilation of the French armies and the occupation of Paris. It
+failed. It next offered terms upon suffering defeat. It withdrew them.
+It next made certain at least of a conquest of Russia, failed again,
+offered terms again, withdrew them again; was directed to the blockading
+of England, failed; thought Egypt better, and then changed its mind. It
+was but yesterday in the mood that this cartoon suggests; to-morrow its
+mood will have utterly changed again, probably to a whine, perhaps to a
+scream. Such instability is rare in the history of nations which purpose
+a conquest of others, and it is a very poor furniture for the mind.
+
+                                                        HILAIRE BELLOC.
+
+[Illustration: THE GERMAN: "If you will let me keep what I have, I will
+let _you_ go."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE WOLF TRAP
+
+The wolf is not perhaps the beast by which one would most wish one's
+country to be represented. But the wolf, like every animal when
+defending its dearest, and when assailed with treachery, has its
+nobility. And the Roman she-wolf certainly has had in all ages her
+dignity and her force.
+
+"Thy nurse will hear no master,
+  Thy nurse will bear no load,
+And woe to them that spear her,
+  And woe to them that goad.
+When all the pack loud baying
+  Her bloody lair surrounds,
+She dies in silence biting hard
+  Amidst the dying hounds."
+
+Italy certainly calls not only for our sympathy, but for our admiration.
+She has had a very difficult course to steer. The ally for so long of
+Germany and Austria, if owing them less and less as time went on, it was
+difficult for her to break with them. But the day came when she had to
+break with them, and once again "act for herself." She told them a year
+ago she would be a party to no aggressive or selfish war, she would be
+no bully's accomplice. She "denounced"--it is a good word--such a
+compact. _Non haec in foedera veni._
+
+Then it was, when the she-wolf showed her teeth, that they offered to
+give her what was her own. But what would the Trentino be worth if
+Germany and Austria were victorious? No, the wolf is right, "she must
+fight for it," and behind Austria's underhanded treachery stands
+Germany's open violence and guns.
+
+And Italy loves freedom. This war is a war made by her people. As of old
+her King and her diplomats go with them in this new _Resorgimento_. And
+the she-wolf must beware the trap. She needs the spirit again not only
+of her people and of Garibaldi and of Victor Emmanuel, but of Cavour.
+And she has it.
+
+The cartoon suggests all the elements of the situation. The wolf ponders
+with turned head, half doubtful, half desperate. The poor little cub
+whimpers pitifully. The hunters dissemble their craft, the trap waits in
+the path ready to spring. It is not even concealed. Is that the irony of
+the artist, or is it only due to the necessity of making his meaning
+plain? Whichever it is, it is justified.
+
+HERBERT WARREN.
+
+[Illustration: THE WOLF TRAP
+
+"You would make me believe that I shall have my cub given back to me,
+but I know I shall have to fight for it."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+AHASUERUS II.
+
+The legend of the Wandering Jew obsessed the imagination of the Middle
+Age. The tale, which an Armenian bishop first told at the Abbey of St.
+Albans, concerned a doorkeeper in the house of Pontius Pilate--or, as
+some say, a shoemaker in Jerusalem--who insulted Christ on His way to
+Calvary. He was told by Our Lord, "I will rest, but thou shalt go on
+till the Last Day." Christendom saw the strange figure in many
+places--at Hamburg and Leipsic and Lubeck, at Moscow and Madrid, even at
+far Bagdad. Goodwives in the little mediæval cities, hastening homeward
+against the rising storm, saw a bent figure posting through the snow,
+with haggard face and burning eyes, carrying his load of penal
+immortality, and seeking in vain for "easeful death." There is a
+profound metaphysic in such popular fancies. Good and evil are alike
+eternal. Arthur and Charlemagne and Ogier the Dane are only sleeping and
+will yet return to save their peoples; and the Wandering Jew staggers
+blindly through the ages, seeking the rest which he denied to his Lord.
+
+In George Meredith's "Odes in Contribution to the Song of French
+History" there is a famous passage on Napoleon. France, disillusioned at
+last,
+
+  "Perceives him fast to a harsher Tyrant bound;
+  Self-ridden, self-hunted, captive of his aim;
+  Material gradeur's ape, the Infernal's hound."
+
+That is the penalty of mortal presumption. The Superman who would
+shatter the homely decencies of mankind and set his foot on the world's
+neck is himself bound captive. He is the slave of the djinn whom he has
+called from the unclean deeps. There can be no end to his quest.
+Weariness does not bring peace, for the whips of the Furies are in his
+own heart.
+
+The Wandering Jew of the Middle Age was a figure sympathetically
+conceived. He had still to pay the price in his tortured body, but his
+soul was at rest, for he had repented his folly. Raemaekers in his
+cartoon follows the conception of Gustave Doré rather than that of the
+old fabulists. The modern Ahasuerus has no surety of an eventual peace.
+We have seen the German War Lord flitting hungrily from Lorraine to
+Poland, from Flanders to Nish, watching the failure of his troops before
+Nancy and Ypres, inditing grandiose proclamations to Europe, prophesying
+a peace which never comes. He is a figure worthy of Greek tragedy. The
+[Greek: hubris] which defied the gods has put him outside the homely
+consolations of mankind. He has devoted his people to the Dance of
+Death, and himself, like some new Orestes, can find no solace though he
+seek it wearily in the four corners of the world.
+
+                                                           JOHN BUCHAN.
+
+[Illustration: AHASUERUS RETURNS
+
+"Once I drove the Christ out of my door, now I am doomed to walk from
+the Northern Seas to the Southern, from the Western shores to the
+Eastern mountains, asking for Peace, and none will give it to me."--From
+the Legend of the "Wandering Jew"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+OUR CANDID FRIEND
+
+The position of Holland and Denmark is one of excruciating anxiety to
+the citizens of those countries. They know that the Allies are fighting
+the battle of their own political existence, but they are so hypnotized
+with well-founded terror of the implacable tyrant on their flank that
+they are not only bound to neutrality, but are afraid to express their
+sympathies too plainly. Dutch editors have been admonished and punished
+under pressure from Berlin; the brilliant artist of these cartoons is in
+danger on his native soil. A leading German newspaper has lately
+announced that "we will make Holland pay with interest for these insults
+after the war." A German victory would inevitably be followed in a few
+years by the disappearance from the map of this gallant and interesting
+little nation, our plucky rival in time past, our honoured friend
+to-day. No nation has established a stronger claim to maintain its
+independence, whether we consider the heroic and successful struggles of
+the Dutch for religious and political liberty, their triumphs in
+discovery, colonization, and naval warfare, their unique contributions
+to art, or the manly and vigorous character of their people. It is
+needless to say that we have no designs upon any Dutch colony!
+
+                                                THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.
+
+[Illustration: OUR CANDID FRIEND
+
+GERMANY, TO HOLLAND: "I shall have to swallow you up, if only to prevent
+those English taking your colonies."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PEACE AND INTERVENTION
+
+Here is pictured a grim fact that the Peace cranks would do well to see
+plainly. The surgeon who is operating on a cancer case cannot allow
+himself to be satisfied with merely the removal of the visible growth
+which is causing such present agony to the patient. He must cut and cut
+deep, must go beyond even the visible roots of the disease, slice down
+into the clear, firm flesh to make sure and doubly sure that he has cut
+away the last fragment of the tainted tissues. Only by doing so can he
+reasonably hope to prevent a recurrence of the disease and the necessity
+of another operation in the years to come. And so only by carrying on
+this war until the last and least possibility of the taint of militarism
+remaining in the German system is removed can the Allies be satisfied
+that their task is complete. Modern surgery has through anæsthetics
+taken away from a patient the physical pain of most operations, but
+modern War affords no relief during its operation. That, however, can be
+held as no excuse for refusing to "use the knife." What would be said of
+the surgeon who, because an operation--a life-saving operation--was
+causing at the time even the utmost agony, stayed his hand, patched up
+the wound, was content only to stop the momentary pain, and to leave
+firm-rooted a disease which in all human probability would some time
+later break out again in all its virulence? What would be said of such a
+surgeon is only in lesser degree what would be said by posterity of the
+Allies if they consented or were persuaded to apply the bandage and
+healing herbs of Peace to the disease of Militarism, to make a surface
+cure and leave the living tentacles of the disease to grow again deep
+and strong. But here at least the doctors do not disagree. Once and for
+all the Ally surgeons mean to make an end to Militarism. The sooner the
+Peace cranks and Germany realize that the sooner the operation will be
+over.
+
+                                                            BOYD CABLE.
+
+[Illustration: PEACE AND INTERVENTION--GERMAN MILITARISM ON THE
+OPERATING-TABLE
+
+"For the sake of the world's future we must first use the knife."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD
+
+If you wish to see the position of Holland look at the map of Europe as
+it was before August 4, 1914, and the map of Europe as it is to-day.
+
+In 1914 Holland lay overshadowed by the vast upper jaw-bone of a
+monster--Prussia--a jaw-bone reaching from the Dollart to
+Aix-la-Chapelle.
+
+In August and September, 1914, Prussia, by the seizure of Belgium,
+developed a lower jaw-bone reaching from Aix-la-Chapelle to Cassandria
+on the West Schelde. To-day Holland lies gripped between these two
+formidable mandibles that are ready and waiting to close and crush her.
+For years and years Prussia has been waiting to devour Holland. Why? For
+the simple reason that Holland is rich in the one essential thing that
+Prussia lacks--coast-line.
+
+Look again at the map and see how Holland and Belgium together
+absolutely wall Prussia in from the sea. Belgium has been taken on by
+Prussia; if we do not tear that lower jaw from Prussia, Holland will be
+lost, and the sea-power of England threatened with destruction.
+
+The ruffian with the automatic pistol waiting behind the tree requires
+the life as well as the basket of the little figure advancing toward
+him.
+
+He has been in ambush for forty years.
+
+                                                  H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.
+
+[Illustration: LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD
+
+Germany lying in wait for Holland.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE SEA MINE
+
+When Raemaekers pictures Von Tirpitz to us, he does so with savage
+scorn. He is not the hard-bitten pirate of story--but a senile,
+crapulous, lachrymose imbecile; an object of derision. He fits more with
+one of Jacob's tales of longshore soakers, than with the tragedies that
+have made him infamous. But when he draws Von Tirpitz's victims, the
+touch is one of almost harrowing tenderness. The Hun is a master of many
+modes of killing, but however torn, or twisted, or tortured he leaves
+the murdered, Raemaekers can make the dreadful spectacle bearable by the
+piercing dignity with which he portrays the dead. In none of these
+cartoons is his _sæva indignatio_ rendered with more sheer beauty of
+design, or with a craftsmanship more exquisite, than in this monument to
+the sea-mined prey. The symbolism is perfect, and of the essence of the
+design. The dead sink slowly to their resting-place, but the merciful
+twilight of the sea veils from us the glazed horror of the eyes that no
+piety can now close. Even the dumb, senseless fish shoots from the scene
+in mute and terrified protest, while from these poor corpses there rise
+surfaceward the silver bubbles of their expiring breath. One seems to
+see crying human souls prisoned in these spheres. And it is, indeed,
+such sins as these that cry to Heaven for vengeance. Blood-guiltiness
+must rest upon the heads of those that do them, upon the heads of their
+children--aye, and of their children's children too. This exquisite and
+tender drawing is something more than the record of inexpiable crime. It
+is a prophecy. And the prophecy is a curse.
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: THE SEA MINE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"SEDUCTION"
+
+The cartoon in which the Prussian is depicted as saying to his bound and
+gagged victim, "Ain't I a lovable fellow?" is one of the most pointed
+and vital of all pictorial, or indeed other, criticisms on the war. It
+is very important to note that German savagery has not interfered at all
+with German sentimentalism. The blood of the victim and the tears of the
+victor flow together in an unpleasing stream. The effect on a normal
+mind of reading some of the things the Germans say, side by side with
+some of the things they do, is an impression that can quite truly be
+conveyed only in the violent paradox of the actual picture. It is
+exactly like being tortured by a man with an ugly face, which we slowly
+realize to be contorted in an attempt at an affectionate expression. In
+those soliloquies of self-praise which have constituted almost the whole
+of Prussia's defence in the international controversy, the brigand of
+the Belgian annexation has incessantly said that his apparent hardness
+is the necessary accompaniment of his inherent strength. Nietzsche said:
+"I give you a new commandment: Be hard." And the Prussian says: "I am
+hard," in a prompt and respectful manner. But, as a matter of fact, he
+is not hard; he is only heavy. He is not indifferent to all feelings; he
+is only indifferent to everybody else's feelings. At the thought of his
+own virtues he is always ready to burst into tears. His smiles, however,
+are even more frequent and more fatuous than his tears; and they are all
+leers like that which Mr. Raemaekers has drawn on the face of the
+expansive Prussian officer in the arm-chair. Compared with such an
+exhibition, there is something relatively virile about the tiger cruelty
+which has occasionally defaced the record of the Spaniard or the Arab.
+But to be conquered by such Germans as these would be like being eaten
+by slugs.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: SEDUCTION
+
+"Ain't I a lovable fellow?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MURDER ON THE HIGH SEAS
+
+The recent descent of so many of her citizens from the people now
+warring in Europe has of necessity prevented America from looking on
+events in Europe with a single eye. But the predominant American type
+and the predominant American frame of mind are still typified by the
+lithe and sinuous figure of the New England pioneer. It is his tradition
+to mind his own business, but it is also his business to see that none
+of the old monarchies make free with his rights or with his people. And
+he stands for a race that has been cradled in wars with savages. No one
+knows better the methods of the Apache and the Mohawk, and when women
+and children fall into such pitiless hands as these, it goes against the
+grain with Uncle Sam to keep his hands off them, even if the women and
+children are not his own. He would like to be indifferent if he could.
+He would prefer to smoke his cigar, and pass along, and believe those
+who tell him that it is none of his affair. But when he does look--and
+he cannot help looking--he sees a figure of such heavy bestiality that
+his gorge rises. He must keep his hands clenched in his pockets lest he
+soils them in striking down the blood-stained gnome before him.
+
+Can he restrain himself for good? That angry glint in his eye would make
+one doubt it. Here, surely, the artist sees with a truer vision than the
+politician. And if Uncle Sam's anger does once get the better of him, if
+doubts and hesitations are ever thrust on one side, if he takes his
+stand where his record and his sympathies must make him wish to be, then
+let it be noted that this base butcher stands dazed and paralyzed by the
+threat.
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: MURDER ON THE HIGH SEAS
+
+"Well, have you nearly done?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+AD FINEM
+
+Ay--to your end!--to your end amid the execrations of a ravaged world!
+Through all the ages one other only has equalled you in the betrayal of
+his trust. May your sin come home to you before you go, as did his! May
+his despair be yours! It is most desperately to be regretted that no
+personal suffering on your part, in this life at all events, can ever
+adequately requite you for the desolations you have wrought.
+
+      Outrage on outrage thunders to the sky
+      The tale of thy stupendous infamy,--
+      Thy slaughterings,--thy treacheries,--thy thefts,--
+      Thy broken pacts,--thy honour in the mire,--
+      Thy poor humanity cast off to sate thy pride;--
+      'Twere better thou hadst never lived,--or died
+      Ere come to this.
+
+  I heard a great Voice pealing through the heavens,
+    A Voice that dwarfed earth's thunders to a moan:--
+
+      Woe! Woe! Woe, to him by whom this came!
+      His house shall unto him be desolate
+      And, to the end of time, his name shall be
+      A by-word and reproach in all the lands
+      He repined.... And his own shall curse him
+      For the ruin that he brought.
+      Who without reason draws the sword--
+      By sword shall perish!
+      The Lord hath said ... _So be it, Lord!_
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: TO THE END
+
+WAR AND HUNGER: "Now you must accompany us to the end."
+
+THE KAISER: "Yes, to my end."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"U'S"
+
+It is the essence of great cartooning to see things simply, and to
+command the technical resources that shall show the things, so simply
+seen, in an infinite variety of aspects. No series of Raemaekers'
+drawing better exemplifies his quality in both these respects than those
+which deal with Germany's sea crimes.
+
+In the cartoon before us the immediate message is of the simplest. The
+Kaiser counts the head of British merchantmen sunk. Von Tirpitz counts
+the cost. But note the subtlety of the personation and environment. The
+Kaiser has those terrible haunted eyes that have marked the seer's
+presentment of him from quite an early stage of the war. There can be no
+ultimate escape from the dreadful vision that has set the seal of
+despair on this fine and handsome visage. He is shown, not as a sea
+monster, but as some rabid, evasive, impatient thing, dashing from point
+to point--as from policy to policy--with the angry swish that tells the
+unspoken anger failure everywhere compels. For the victories do not
+bring surrender, nor does frightfulness inspire terror. The merchant
+ships still put to sea--and the U boats pay the penalty.
+
+The futility of this campaign of murder is typified by making Von
+Tirpitz, its inventor, an addle-headed seahorse, the nursery comedian of
+the sea. Stupid and ridiculous bewilderment stares from his foolish
+eyes. Another submarine has failed to find a safe victim in a trading
+ship, but has been hoisted with its own sea petard. The impotence of the
+thing!
+
+This conference of the Admirals of the Atlantic, held in the sombre
+depths, is a biting satire, in its mingled comedy and tragedy, on the
+effort to win command of the sea from its bottom.
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: "U'S"
+
+HIS MAJESTY: "Well, Tripitz, you've sunk a great many?"
+
+TIRPITZ: "Yes, sire, here is another 'U' coming down."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MATER DOLOROSA
+
+    You thought to grasp the world; but you shall keep
+    Its crown of curses nailed upon your brow.
+    You that have fouled the purple, broke your vow,
+    And sowed the wind of death, the whirlwind you shall reap.
+
+    Shout to your tribal god to bless the blood
+    Of this red vintage on the poisoned earth;
+    Clash cymbals to him, leap and shout in mirth;
+    Call on his name to stay the coming, cleansing flood.
+
+    We are no hounds of heaven, nor ravening band
+    Of earthly wolves to tear your kingdom down.
+    We stand for human reason; at our frown
+    The coward sword shall fall from your accursed hand.
+
+    We do not speak of vengeance; there shall run
+    No little children's blood beneath our heel.
+    No pregnant woman suffers from our steel;
+    But Justice we shall do, as sure as set of sun.
+
+    Or short, or long, the pathway of your feet,
+    Stamped on the faces of the innocent dead,
+    Must lead where tyrant's road hath ever led.
+    Alone, O perjured soul, your Justice you shall meet.
+
+    No sacrifice the balance of her scale
+    Can win; no gift of blood and iron can weigh
+    Against this one mad mother's agony:
+    In her demented cry a myriad women wail.
+
+    The equinox of outraged earth shall blaze
+    And flash its levin on your infamous might.
+    Man cries to fellow-man; light leaps to light,
+    Till foundered, naked, spent, you vanish from our gaze.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: MATER DOLOROSA]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"GOTT STRAFE ITALIEN!"
+
+When Italy, still straining at the leash which held her, helpless, to
+the strange and unnatural Triplice, began to show signs of awakening
+consciousness, Germany's efforts to lull her back to the unhappy
+position of silent partner in the world-crime were characteristic of her
+methods. Forthwith Italy was loaded with compliments. The country was
+overrun with "diplomats," which is another name in Germany for spies.
+Bribery of the most brazen sort was attempted. The newspapers recalled
+in chorus that Italy was the land of art and chivalry, of song and
+heroism, of fabled story and manly effort, of honour and loyalty. Hark
+to the _Hamburger Fremdenblatt_ of February 21, 1915:
+
+"The suggestion is made that Italy favours the Allies. Preposterous!
+Even though the palsied hand of England--filled with robber gold--be
+held out to her, Italy's vows, Italy's sense of obligation, Italy's
+_word once given_, can never be broken. Such a nation of noblemen could
+have no dealings with hucksters."
+
+Germany is, indeed, a fine judge of a nation's "word once given" and a
+nation's "vows," which its Chancellor unblushingly declared to be mere
+scraps of paper. Now let us see what the _Hamburger Nachrichten_ had to
+say about Italy immediately after her secession from the Triple
+Alliance: "_Nachrichten_, June 1, 1915. That Italy should have joined
+hands with the other noble gentlemen, our enemies, is but natural. It
+would, of course, be absurd--where all are brigands--were the classical
+name of brigandage not included in the number.... We do not propose to
+soil our clean steel with the blood of such filthy Italian scum. With
+our cudgels we shall smash them into pulp."
+
+_"Gott strafe Italien"_ indeed! Bombs on St. Mark's in Venice, on the
+Square of Verona, on world treasures unreplaceable. The poisoned breath
+of Germany carries its venom into the land of sunshine and song, whose
+best day's work in history has been to wrest itself free from the grip
+of the false friend.
+
+                                                   RALPH D. BLUMENFELD.
+
+[Illustration: "GOTT STRAFE ITALIEN!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SERBIA
+
+Serbia has suffered the fate of Belgium. Germany and Austria, with
+Bulgaria's aid, have plunged another little country "in blood and
+destruction." Another "bleeding piece of earth" bears witness to the
+recrudescence of the ancient barbarism of the Huns. Serbia's wounds,
+
+    "Like dumb mouths,
+    Do ope their ruby lips,"
+
+to beg for vengeance on "these butchers." Turkey, whom the artist
+portrays as a hound lapping up the victim's blood, is fated to share the
+punishment for the crime. But the prime instigator is the German
+Emperor, whose Chancellor, with bitter irony, claims for his master the
+title of protector of the small nationalities of Europe. Herr von
+Bethmann-Hollweg can on occasion affect the mincing accents of the wolf
+when that beast seeks to lull the cries of the lamb in its clutches. The
+German method of waging war has rendered "dreadful objects so familiar"
+that the essential brutality of the enemy's activities runs a risk of
+escaping at times the strenuous denunciation which Justice demands. But
+the searching pencil of Mr. Raemaekers brings home to every seeing eye
+the true and unvarying character of Teutonic "frightfulness." All
+instincts of humanity are cynically defied on the specious ground of
+military necessity. Mr. Raemaekers is at one with Milton in repudiating
+the worthless plea:
+
+    "So spake the fiend, and with necessity,
+    The tyrant's plea, excused his devilish deeds."
+
+                                                        SIR SIDNEY LEE.
+
+[Illustration: OCTOBER IN SERBIA
+
+The Austro-German-Bulgarian attack on Serbia began in October, which in
+Holland is called the "butcher's month," as the cattle are then killed
+preparatory to the winter.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+JUST A MOMENT--I'M COMING
+
+Here is a drawing that ought to be circulated broadcast throughout
+Australia and New Zealand, that ought to hold a place of honour on the
+walls of their public chambers; should hang in gilded frames in the
+houses of the rich; be pinned to the rough walls of frame-house and bark
+humpy in every corner of "The Outback." It should thrill the heart of
+every man, woman, and child Down Under with pride and thankfulness and
+satisfaction, should even bring soothing balm to the wounds of those who
+in the loss of their nearest and dearest have paid the highest and the
+deepest price for the flaming glory of the Anzacs in Gallipoli.
+
+Here in the artist's pencil is a monument to those heroes greater than
+pinnacles of marble, of beaten brass and carven stone; a monument that
+has travelled over the world, has spoken to posterity more clearly, more
+convincingly, and more rememberingly than ever written or word-of-mouth
+speech could do. It is to the everlasting honour of the people of the
+Anzacs that they refrained from echoing the idle tales which ran
+whispering in England that the Dardanelles campaign was a cruel blunder,
+that the blood of the Anzacs' bravest and best had been uselessly spilt,
+that their splendid young lives had been an empty sacrifice to the
+demons of Incompetence and Inefficiency. To those in Australia who in
+their hearts may feel that shreds of truth were woven in the
+rumours--that the Anzacs were spent on a forlorn hope, were wasted on a
+task foredoomed to failure--let this simple drawing bring the comfort of
+the truth.
+
+The artist has seen deeper and further than most. The Turkish armies
+held from pouring on Russia and Serbia, from thumping down the scales of
+neutrality in Greece and Roumania perhaps, from massing their troops
+with the Central Powers; the Kaiser chained on the East and West for the
+critical months when men and munitions were desperately lacking to the
+Allies, when the extra weight of the Turks might have freed the Kaiser's
+power of fierce attack on East and West this is what we already know,
+what the artist here tells the wide world of the part played by the
+heroes of the Dardanelles. In face of this, who dare hint they suffered
+and died in vain?
+
+                                                            BOYD CABLE.
+
+[Illustration: "JUST A MOMENT--I'M COMING."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE HOLY WAR
+
+Surely the artist when he drew this was endowed with the wisdom of the
+seer, the vision of the prophet. For it was drawn before the days in
+which I write, before the Russian giant had proved his greatness on the
+body of the Turk, before the bludgeon-strokes in the Caucasus, the
+heart-thrust of Erzerum, the torrent of pursuit of the broken Turks to
+Mush and Trebizond.
+
+We know--and I am grateful for the chance to voice our gratitude to
+him--the greatness of our Russian Ally. We remember the early days when
+the Kaiser's hosts were pouring in over France, and the Russian thrust
+into Galicia drew some of the overwhelming weight from the Western
+Front. We realize now the nobility of self-sacrifice that flung an army
+within reach of the jaws of destruction, that risked its annihilation to
+draw upon itself some of the sword-strokes that threatened to pierce to
+the heart of the West. Our national and natural instinct of admiration
+for a hard fighter, and still greater admiration for the apex of good
+sportmanship, for the friend or foe who can "take a licking," who is a
+"good loser," went out even more strongly to Russia in the dark days
+when, faced by an overwhelming weight of metal, she was forced and
+hammered and battered back, losing battle-line after battle-line,
+stronghold after stronghold, city after city; losing everything except
+heart and dogged punishment-enduring courage.
+
+And how great the Russian truly is will surely be known presently to the
+Turk and to the masquerading false "Prophet of Allah."
+
+"No one is great save Allah," says William, and even as the Turk spoke
+more truly than he knew in calling the Russian great, even as he was
+bitterly to realize the greatness, so in the fullness of time must
+William come to realize how great is the Allah of the Moslem, the
+Christian God Whom he has blasphemed, and in Whose name he and his
+people have perpetrated so many crimes and abominations.
+
+                                                            BOYD CABLE.
+
+[Illustration: THE HOLY WAR
+
+THE TURK: "But he is so great."
+
+WILLIAM: "No one is great, save Allah, and I am his prophet."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+GOTT MIT UNS
+
+When we consider the public utterances of the German clergy, we can very
+easily substitute for their symbol of Christian faith this malignant,
+grotesque, and inhuman monster of Louis Raemaekers. Indeed, our
+inclination is to thrust the green demon himself into the pulpit of the
+Fatherland; for his wrinkled skull could hatch and his evil mouth utter
+no more diabolic sentiments than those recorded and applauded from
+Lutheran Leipsic, or from the University and the chief Protestant pulpit
+in Berlin.
+
+Such sermons are a part of that national _débâcle_ of reasoning faculty
+which is the price intellectual Germany has paid for the surrender of
+her soul to Prussia.
+
+An example or two may be cited from the outrageous mass.
+
+Professor Rheinhold Seeby, who teaches theology at Berlin University,
+has described his nation's achievements in Belgium and Serbia as a work
+of charity, since Germany punishes other States for their good and out
+of love. Pastor Philippi, also of Berlin, has said that, as God allowed
+His only Son to be crucified, that His scheme of redemption might be
+accomplished, so Germany, God with her, must crucify humanity in order
+that its ultimate salvation may be secured; and the Teutonic nation has
+been chosen to perform this task, because Germany alone is pure and,
+therefore, a fitting instrument for the Divine Hand. Satan, who has
+returned to earth in the shape of England, must be utterly destroyed,
+while the immoral friends and allies of Satan are called to share his
+fate. Thus evil will be swept off the earth and the German Empire
+henceforth stand supreme protector of the new kingdom of righteousness.
+Pastor Zoebel has ordered no compromise with hell; directed his flock to
+be pleased at the sufferings of the enemy; and bade them rejoice when
+thousands of the non-elect are sent to the bottom of the sea.
+
+Yes, we will give the green devil his robe and bands until Germany is in
+her strait-jacket; after which experience, her conceptions of a Supreme
+Being and her own relation thereto may become modified.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: "GOTT MIT UNS"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM
+
+This deeply pathetic picture evokes the memory of many sad and patient
+faces which we have seen during the last eighteen months. It is the
+women, after all--wives, mothers, sisters, and daughters--who have the
+heaviest load to bear in war-time.
+
+The courage and heroism which they have shown are an honour to human
+nature. The world is richer for it; and the sacrifices which they have
+bravely faced and nobly borne may have a greater effect in convincing
+mankind of the wickedness and folly of aggressive militarism than all
+the eloquence of peace advocates.
+
+We must not forget that the war has made about six German widows for
+every one in our country. With these we have no quarrel; we know that
+family affection is strong in Germany, and we are sorry for them. They,
+like our own suffering women, are the victims of a barbarous ideal of
+national glory, and a worse than barbarous perversion of patriotism,
+which in our opponents has become a kind of moral insanity.
+
+These pictures will remain long after the war-passion has subsided. They
+will do their part in preventing a recrudescence of it. Who that has
+ever clamoured for war can face the unspoken reproach in these pitiful
+eyes? Who can think unmoved of the happy romance of wedded love, so
+early and so sadly terminated?
+
+                                                THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.
+
+[Illustration: THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE HARVEST IS RIPE
+
+The artist spreads before you a view such as you would have on the great
+wheat-growing plains of Hungary, or on the level plateau of Asiatic
+Turkey--the vast, unending, monotonous, undivided field of corn. In the
+background the view is interrupted by two villages from which great
+clouds of flame and smoke are rising--they are both on fire--and as you
+look closer at the harvest you see that, instead of wheat, it consists
+of endless regiments of marching soldiers.
+
+"The harvest is plentiful, but the labourers are few": here is only one,
+but he is quite sufficient--"the reaper whose name is Death," a skeleton
+over whose bones the peasant's dress--a shirt and a pair of ragged
+trousers--hangs loose. The shirt-sleeves of the skeleton are turned well
+up, as if for more active exertion, as he grasps the two holds of the
+huge scythe with which he is sweeping down the harvest.
+
+This is not war of the old type, with its opportunities for chivalry,
+its glories, and its pride of manly strength. The German development of
+war has made it into a mere exercise in killing, a business of
+slaughter. Which side can kill most, and itself outlast the other? When
+one reads the calculations by which careful statisticians demonstrate
+that in the first seventeen months of the war Germany alone lost over a
+million of men killed in battle, one feels that this cartoon is not
+exaggerated. It is the bare truth.
+
+The ease with which the giant figure of Death mows down the harvest of
+tiny men corresponds, in fact, to the million of German dead, probably
+as many among the Russians, to which must be added the losses among the
+Austrians, the French, the British, the Belgians, Italians, Serbs,
+Turks, and Montenegrins. The appalling total is this vast harvest which
+covers the plain.
+
+                                               WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.
+
+[Illustration: THE HARVEST IS RIPE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"UNMASKED"
+
+The "Yellow Book," it may be remembered, was the official publication of
+some of the details of atrocities committed by the Huns on the
+defenceless women and children of ravished Belgium. It told in cold and
+unimpassioned sentences, in plain and simple words more terrible than
+the most fervid outpourings of patriot or humanitarian, the tale of
+brutalities, of cold-blooded crimes, of murders and rape and mental and
+physical tortures beyond the capabilities or the imaginings of savages,
+possible only in their refinements of cruelty to the civilized apostles
+of Kultur. There are many men in the trenches of the Allies to-day who
+will say that the German soldier is a brave man, that he must be brave
+to advance to the slaughter of the massed attack, to hold to his
+trenches under the horrible punishment of heavy artillery fire.
+
+As a nation we are always ready to admit and to admire physical courage,
+and if Germany had fought a "clean fight," had "played the game,"
+starkly and straightly, against our fighting men, we could--and our
+fighting men especially could, and I believe would--have helped her to
+her feet and shaken hands honestly with her after she was beaten. But
+with such a brute beast as the unmasking of the "Yellow Book" has
+revealed Germany to be we can never feel friendship, admiration, or
+respect.
+
+The German is a "dirty fighter," and to the British soldier that alone
+puts him beyond the pale. He has outraged all the rules and the
+instincts of chivalry. His bravery in battle is the bravery of a
+ravening wolf, of a blood-drunk savage animal. It is only left to the
+Allies to treat him as such, to thrash him by brute force, and then to
+clip his teeth and talons and by treaty and agreement amongst themselves
+to keep him chained and caged beyond the possibility of another
+outbreak.
+
+                                                            BOYD CABLE.
+
+[Illustration: UNMASKED
+
+The Yellow Book.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE GREAT SURPRISE
+
+In the note to another picture I have remarked on the farcical hypocrisy
+of the German Emperor in presenting himself, as he so often does, as the
+High Priest of several different religions at the same time. They are
+nearly all of them religions with which he would have no sort of
+concern, even if his religious pose were as real as it is artificial.
+
+Being in fact the ruler and representative of a country which alone
+among European countries builds with complete security upon the
+conviction that all Christianity is dead, he can only be, even in
+theory, the prince of an extreme Protestant State. Long before the War
+it was common for the best caricaturists of Europe, and even of Germany,
+to make particular fun of these preposterous temporary Papacies in which
+the Kaiser parades himself as if for a fancy-dress ball; and in the
+accompanying picture Mr. Raemaekers has returned more or less to this
+old pantomimic line of satire.
+
+The cartoon recalls some of those more good-humoured, but perhaps
+equally contemptuous, sketches in which the draughtsmen of the French
+comic papers used to take a particular delight; which made a whole comic
+Bible out of the Kaiser's adventures during his visit to Palestine. Here
+he appears as Moses, and the Red Sea has been dried up to permit the
+passage of himself and his people.
+
+It would certainly be very satisfactory for German world-politics if the
+sea could be dried up everywhere; but it is unlikely that the incident
+will occur, especially in that neighbourhood. It will be long before a
+German army is as safe in the Suez Canal as a German Navy in the Kiel
+Canal; and the higher critics of Germany will have no difficulty in
+proving, in the Kiel Canal at all events, that the safety is due to
+human and not to divine wisdom.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT SURPRISE
+
+Moses II leads his chosen people through the Red Sea to the promised
+(Eng)land.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THOU ART THE MAN!
+
+The Man of Sorrows is flogged, and thorn-crowned, and crucified, and
+pierced afresh, by this other man of sorrows, who has brought greater
+bitterness and woe on earth than any other of all time. And in his
+soul--for soul he must have, though small sign of it is evidenced--he
+knows it. Deceive his dupes as he may--for a time--his own soul must be
+a very hell of broken hopes, disappointed ambitions, shattered pride,
+and the hideous knowledge of the holocaust of human life he has
+deliberately sacrificed to these heathen gods of his. No poorest man on
+earth would change places with this man-that-might-have-been, for his
+time draws nigh and his end is perdition.
+
+    Let That Other speak:
+
+        "Their souls are Mine.
+        Their lives were in thy hand;--
+        Of thee I do require them!
+
+        "The fetor of thy grim burnt-offerings
+        Comes up to Me in clouds of bitterness.
+        Thy fell undoings crucify afresh
+        Thy Lord--who died alike for these and thee.
+        Thy works are Death:--thy spear is in My side,--
+        O man! O man!--was it for this I died?
+        Was it for this?--
+          A valiant people harried to the void,--
+          Their fruitful fields a burnt-out wilderness,--
+          Their prosperous country ravelled into waste,--
+          Their smiling land a vast red sepulchre,--
+                                    --Thy work!
+
+        "Thou art the man! The scales were in thy hand.
+        For this vast wrong I hold thy soul in fee.
+        Seek not a scapegoat for thy righteous due,
+        Nor hope to void thy countability.
+        Until thou purge thy pride and turn to Me,--
+        As thou hast done, so be it unto thee!"
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: THOU ART THE MAN
+
+"We wage war on Divine principles."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SYMPATHY
+
+The cartoon requires no words to tell the story. It holds chapter upon
+chapter of tragedy. "I will send you to Germany after your father!"
+Where is the boy's father in Germany? In a prison? Mending roads? Lying
+maimed and broken in a rude hospital? Digging graves for comrades about
+to be shot? Or, more likely still, in a rough unknown stranger's grave?
+Was the father dragged from his home at Louvain, or Tirlemont, or Vise,
+or one of the dozen other scenes of outrage and murder--a harmless,
+hard-working citizen-dragged from his hiding-place and made to suffer
+"exemplary justice" for having "opposed the Kaiser's might," but in
+reality because he was a Belgian, for whose nasty breed there must be
+demonstrations of Germany's frightfulness _pour encourager les autres_?
+
+And the child's mother and sisters--what of them? He is dejected, but
+not broken. There is dignity in the boy's defiant pose. The scene has,
+perhaps, been enacted hundreds of times in the cities of Belgium, where
+poignant grief has come to a nation which dared to be itself.
+
+Follow this boy through life and observe the stamp of deep resolve on
+his character. Though he be sent "to Germany after your father," though
+he be for a generation under the German jack-boot, his spirit will
+sustain him against the conqueror and will triumph in the end.
+
+                                                   RALPH D. BLUMENFELD.
+
+[Illustration: SYMPATHY
+
+"If I find you again looking so sad, I'll send you to Germany after your
+father."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE REFUGEES
+
+The wonder is not that women went mad, but that there are left any sane
+civilians of the ravished districts of Belgium after all those infamies
+perpetrated under orders by the German troops after the first
+infuriating check of Liége and before the final turning of the German
+line at the battle of the Marne. We have supped full of horrors since,
+and by an insensible process grown something callous. But we never came
+near to realizing the Belgian agony, and Raemaekers does us service by
+helping to make us see it mirrored in the eyes of this poor raving girl.
+This indeed is a later incident, but will serve for reminder of the
+earlier worse.
+
+It is really _not_ well to forget. These were not the inevitable horrors
+of war, but a deliberately calculated effect. There seems no hope of the
+future of European civilization till the men responsible for such things
+are brought to realize that, to put it crudely and at its lowest, they
+don't pay.
+
+What the attitude of Germany now is may be guessed from the blank
+refusal even of her bishops to sanction the investigation which Cardinal
+Mercier asks for. It is still the gentle wolf's theory that the
+truculent lamb was entirely to blame.
+
+                                                          JOSEPH THORP.
+
+[Illustration: THE REFUGEES FROM GHEEL
+
+Gheel has a model asylum for the insane. On the fall of Antwerp the
+inmates were conveyed across the frontier. The cartoon illustrates an
+incident where a woman, while wheeling a lunatic, herself developed
+insanity from the scenes she witnessed.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"THE JUNKER"
+
+There were few things that Junkerdom feared so much in modern Germany as
+the growth and effects of Socialism; and it is certain that the possible
+attitude of the German Socialists--who were thought by some writers to
+number somewhere in the neighbourhood of two million--in regard to the
+War at its outset greatly exercised the minds of Junkerdom and the
+Chancellor. A few days after the declaration of War a well-known English
+Socialist said to us, "I believe that the Socialists will be strong
+enough greatly to handicap Germany in the carrying on of the War, and
+possibly, if she meets with reverses in the early stages, to bring about
+Peace before Christmas."
+
+That was in August, 1914, and we are now well on in the Spring of 1916.
+We reminded the speaker that on a previous occasion, when Peace still
+hung in the balance, he had declared with equal conviction that there
+would be no War because "the Socialists are now too strong in Germany
+not to exercise a preponderating restraining influence." He has proved
+wrong in both opinions. And one can well imagine that the Junker class
+admires Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg for the astute manner in which
+he has succeeded in shepherding the German Socialist sheep for the
+slaughter, and in muzzling their representatives in the Reichstag.
+
+                                                         CLIVE HOLLAND.
+
+[Illustration: THE JUNKER
+
+"What I have most admired in you, Bethmann, is that you have made
+Socialists our best supporters."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"MILIEU DE FANTÔMES TRISTES ET SANS NOMBRE"
+
+There is something daunting, even to the mind of one not guilty of war
+or of massacres, in the thought of multitudes: the multitude of the
+dead, of the living, of one generation of men since there have been men
+on earth. And war brings this horror to us daily, or rather nightly,
+because such great companies of men have suddenly died together, passing
+in comradeship and community from the known to the unknown. Yet dare we
+say "together?" The unparalleled solitariness and singleness of death is
+not altered by the general and simultaneous doom of battle.
+
+And it is with the multitude, and all the _ones_ in it, that the maker
+of war is in unconscious relation. He does not know their names, he does
+not know them by any kind of distinction, he knows them only by
+thousands. Yet every one with a separate life and separate death is in
+conscious relation with _him_, knows him for the tyrant who has taken
+his youth, his hope, his love, his fatherhood.
+
+What a multitude to meet, whether in thought, in conscience, or in
+another world! We all, no doubt, try to make the thought of massacre
+less intolerable to our minds by telling ourselves that the sufferers
+suffer one by one, to each his own share, and not another's; that though
+the numbers may appeal, they do not make each man's part more terrible.
+But this is not much comfort. There is not, it is true, a sum of
+multiplication; but there is the sum of addition. And that addition--the
+multitude man by man--the War Lord has to reckon with: Frederick the
+Great with his men, Napoleon with his, the German Emperor with his--each
+one of the innumerable unknown knowing his destroyer.
+
+                                                         ALICE MEYNELL.
+
+[Illustration: "Mais quand la voix de Dieu l'appela il se voyait seul
+sur la terre au milieu de fantômes tristes et sans nombre."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+BLUEBEARD'S CHAMBER
+
+The Committee of Enquiry, like another Portia, clothed in the
+ermine-trimmed robe of Justice and the Law, has unlocked with the key of
+Truth the door of the closed chamber. The key lies behind her inscribed
+in Dutch with the name that tells its nature. The Committee then pulls
+back the curtain, and reveals the horrors that are behind it. Before the
+curtain is fully drawn back, Enquiry sinks almost in collapse at the
+terrible sight that is disclosed. There hang to pegs on the wall the
+bodies of Bluebeard's victims, a woman, an old man, a priest, two boys,
+and a girl still half hidden behind the curtain. The blood that has
+trickled from them coagulates in pools on the ground.
+
+Bluebeard himself comes suddenly: he hurries down the steps brandishing
+his curved sword, a big, burly figure, with square, thick beard, and
+streaming whiskers, wearing a Prussian helmet, his mouth open to utter a
+roar of rage and fury. The hatred and scorn with which the artist
+inspires his pictures of Prussia are inexhaustible in their variety:
+Prussia is barbarism attempting to trample on law and education,
+brutality beating down humanity, a grim figure, the incarnation of
+"frightfulness." I can imagine the feelings with which all Germans must
+regard the picture that the Dutch artist always gives of their country,
+if they regard Prussia as their country. "For every cartoon of
+Raemaekers," said a German newspaper, "the payment will be exacted in
+full, when the reckoning is made up." To this painter the Prussian
+ruling power is incapable of understanding what nobility of nature
+means. He can practise on and take advantage of the vices and weaknesses
+of his enemies; he can buy the services of many among them, and have all
+the worser people in his fee as his servants and agents; but he is
+always foiled, because he forgets that some men cannot be bought, and
+that these men will steel their fellow-countrymen's minds to resist
+tyranny to the last. The mass of men can be led either to evil or to
+good.
+
+The Prussian military system assumes the former as certain, and is well
+skilled in the way. But there is the latter way, too, which Prussia
+never knew and never takes into account as a possibility; and men as a
+whole prefer the way to good before the way to evil, when both are fully
+explained and made clear. This saves men, and ruins Prussia.
+
+                                               WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.
+
+[Illustration: BLUEBEARD'S CHAMBER
+
+The horrors perpetrated by the Germans were brought to light by the
+Belgian Committee of Enquiry.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE RAID
+
+The seaman of history is a chivalrous and romantic figure, a gallant and
+relentless fighter, a generous and a tender conqueror. In Codrington's
+first letter to his wife after the battle of Trafalgar, he tells her to
+send £100 to one of the French captains who goes to England from the
+battle as a prisoner of war. The British and French navies cherish a
+hundred memories of acts like these. If the German navy survives the war
+what memories will it have? It must search the gaols for the exemplars
+in peace of the acts that win them the Iron Cross in war.
+
+Note in this drawing that the types selected are not in themselves base
+units of humanity. They have been made so by the beastly crimes superior
+orders have forced them to commit. But even this has not brought them so
+low but they wonder at the topsy-turvydom of war that brings them honour
+where poor Black Mary only got her deserts in gaol.
+
+The crimes of the higher command have passed in Germany uncondemned and
+unbanned by cardinals and bishops. But the conscience of Germany cannot
+be wholly dead. Nor will six years only be the term of Germany's
+humiliation and remorse. The spotless white of the naval uniform,
+sullied and besmirched by those savage cruelties, cannot, any more than
+the German soul, be brought back "whiter than snow" by any bestowal of
+the Iron Cross. The effort to cleanse either would "the multitudinous
+seas incarnadine."
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: THE RAID
+
+"Do you remember Black Mary of Hamburg?"
+
+"Aye, well."
+
+"She got six years for killing a child, whilst we get the Iron Cross for
+killing twenty at Hartlepool."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+BETTER A LIVING DOG THAN A DEAD LION
+
+Here is the grim choice of alternatives presented to other nations by
+the creed of _Deutschland über Alles_--the cost of resistance and the
+reward of submission. On one side lies the man who has fought a good
+fight "for Freedom." He has lost his life but won an immortal memory
+inscribed upon the cross. The other has saved his life, and lo! it is a
+"dog's life." He is not even a well-treated dog. Harnessed, muzzled,
+chained, he crawls abjectly on hands and knees and drags painfully along
+the road, not only the cart, but his heavy master too.
+
+In the Netherlands and other parts of the Continent, where dogs are used
+to pull little carts, the owner generally pulls too; it is a partnership
+in which the dog is treated as a friend and visibly enjoys doing his
+share. Partnership with Germany is another matter. The dog does all the
+work, the German takes his ease with his great feet planted on the
+submissive creature's back.
+
+The belligerent nations have made their choice. Germany's partners have
+chosen submission and are playing the dog's part, as they have
+discovered. The Allies on the other side are paying the price of
+resistance in the sacrifice of life for Freedom. And what of the
+neutrals? They are evading the choice under cover of the Allies and
+waxing fat meanwhile. It is not a very heroic attitude and will exclude
+them from any voice in the settlement. But we understand their position,
+and at least they are ready to fight for their own freedom. There are,
+however, individuals who are not ready to fight at all. They call
+themselves conscientious objectors, prate of the law of Christ, and pose
+as idealists. If they followed Christ they would sacrifice their lives
+for others, but they are only concerned for their own skins. Their place
+is in the shafts The true idealist lies beneath the Cross.
+
+                                                       ARTHUR SHADWELL.
+
+[Illustration: BETTER A LIVING DOG THAN A DEAD LION
+
+THE DRIVER: "You are a worthy Dutchman. He who lies there was a foolish
+idealist."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"THE BURDEN OF THE INTOLERABLE DAY"
+
+Most people have wondered from time to time what the Kaiser thinks in
+his inmost heart and in the solitude of his own chamber about the
+condition of Germany and about the War. What impression has been made on
+him by the alternation of victories and failures during the last twenty
+months? After all he has staked everything--he has everything to lose.
+What does he feel? What impression do the frightful losses of his own
+people make on him?
+
+Raemaekers tells in this cartoon. The Kaiser has this moment been
+wakened from sleep by the entrance of a big gorgeously dressed footman,
+carrying his morning tea. The panelling of the royal chamber in the
+palace at Potsdam is faintly indicated. The Kaiser sits up in bed, and a
+look of agony gathers on his face as he realizes that he has wakened up
+to the grim horror of a new day, and that the delightful time which he
+has just been living through was only a dream. He had dreamed that the
+whole thing was not true--that the War had never really occurred, and
+that he could face the world with a conscience clear from guilt; and now
+he has wakened up to bear the burden for another day. It is written in
+his face what he thinks. You see the deep down-drawn lines in the lower
+part of the face, the furrows upon the forehead, and the look almost of
+terror in the eyes. But a smug-faced flunkey offers him a cup of tea
+with buttered toast, and he must come back to the pretence of that
+tragi-comedy, the life of the King-Emperor.
+
+The Dutch artist is fully alive to the comic element which underlies
+that tragedy. The King-Emperor, as he awakes from sleep and sits forward
+from that mountain of pillows, would be a purely comic figure were it
+not for the terrible tragedy written in his face. A footman in brilliant
+livery is a comic figure. The splendour of this livery brings out the
+comic element by its contrast to, and yet its harmony with, the stupid
+self-satisfaction of the countenance and the curls of the powdered hair.
+
+The Kaiser, however, awakens to more than the pretences and shams of
+court life. The vast dreams which he cherished before the War of
+world-conquest and an invincible Germany are fled now, and he must face,
+open-eyed and awake, the stern reality.
+
+                                               WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.
+
+[Illustration: THE AWAKENING
+
+"I had such a delightful dream that the whole thing was not true."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+EAGLE IN HEN-RUN
+
+The Dutchman who could see this cartoon and not admit its simple truth
+would have to be a very blind pro-German. At present time it pays
+Germany to pretend a friendship for Holland, but the premeditated murder
+of Belgium is a plain object-lesson of the sort of friendship and
+agreement that Germany makes with a country and people which stand in
+her way and are too small to withstand her brute force. Can any Dutchman
+doubt what would be Holland's fate if Germany emerged even moderately
+victorious from this war? The German War Staff would give a good deal to
+have the control of Holland and a free passage to the sea from Antwerp.
+They refrain from using force to gain that control only because they
+cannot afford to have a fresh frontier to guard and because it is quite
+useful to have Holland neutral and a forbidden ground and water to the
+Armies and Navies of the Allies, a shield over the heart of Berlin and
+Germany. It would pay the Germans to have Holland with them and openly
+against the Allies, and they would no doubt gladly make an "agreement"
+to that effect; but there is little likelihood of that as long as the
+Dutch can visualize the "agreement" as clearly as the cartoonist has
+done here.
+
+There are many people who for years past have suspected Germany's
+sinister designs on the whole of the Netherlands. The brutal ravaging of
+Belgium, the talk that already runs, openly or in whispers, in Germany
+of "annexation of conquered territories" and "extended borders," tell
+plainly the same tale--that any agreement between a small country and
+Germany means merely the swallowing-up of the small nation, the
+"agreement" of a meal with the swallower-up.
+
+                                                            BOYD CABLE.
+
+[Illustration: THE EAGLE IN THE HEN-RUN
+
+GERMAN EAGLE: "Come along, Dutch chicken, we will easily arrange an
+agreement."
+
+THE CHICKEN: "Yes, in your stomach."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE FUTURE
+
+There can be no doubting of the future. The Allied forces, who in
+Raemaekers' drawing stand for Liberty, are assuredly destined to wring
+the neck of the Prussian eagle, which typifies the tyranny of brute
+force.
+
+    "For freedom's battle, once begun ...
+    Though baffled oft, is ever won."
+
+"There is only one master in this country," the Kaiser has said of
+Germany. "I am he, and I will not tolerate another." He has also told
+his people: "There is only one law--my law; the law which I myself lay
+down." It is supererogatory to dispute either of these imperial
+pronouncements. The Future contents herself with the comment: "Out of
+thine own mouth will I judge thee."
+
+The Kaiser and his counsellors have now translated words into deeds, and
+every instrument of savagery has been since August, 1911, enlisted by
+Tyranny in the attempt to overthrow Liberty. "A thousand years ago," the
+Kaiser once declared to his Army, "the Huns under their king Attila made
+themselves a name which still lives in tradition." The Future replies to
+him that he and his fighting hordes will also live in tradition. They
+will be remembered for their defiance of the conscience of the world,
+which obeys no call but that of Liberty.
+
+                                                            SIDNEY LEE.
+
+[Illustration: L'AVENIR]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+CHRIST OR ODIN?
+
+You cannot well conceive a science, whether it be mathematics, or
+architecture, or philosophy, without its axioms, dogmas, or first
+principles. Without them there is no basis on which to raise the
+superstructure. So it is with the science of religion. Take
+Christianity: if it is to be taught scientifically, it must start with
+the most tremendous dogma, the Divinity of Christ. Either Christ was or
+He was not what He claimed to be. If He was not, you must shout with the
+Sanhedrim: "Crucify Him!" If He was, you must sing with the Church:
+"Come, adore Him." One thing is certain, you cannot be indifferent to
+His claim or to Him; you must either hate Him and His creed, like the
+Prussian warring Superman, or love Him and it, like England's Crusading
+Kings.
+
+The cartoon before us is the finished picture which I can trace from its
+first rough sketch in the hands of Kant, through its different stages of
+development in the schools of Hegel, of Schopenhauer, of Strauss, till
+it was ready for its final touches in the hands of Nietzsche. In fancy I
+see it hung, on the line, in the Prussian picture-gallery under the
+direction of War Lords, whose boasted aim it is that the world shall be
+governed only by Prussian Kultur and Prussian Religion.
+
+The fatal mistake made by the Teutonic race in the past was, we are
+told, the adoption of Roman culture and Roman religion. Germany once
+submitted to an alien God and to an alien creed. She, the mistress of
+the earth, the mightiest of the mighty, and the most Kultured of the
+Kultured, had actually once worshipped "an uncultured peasant Galilean,"
+and made profession of "His slave morality."
+
+Now they had altogether done with Christ, the Nazarene. The shout had
+gone forth: "We will not have this Man to rule over us." In the future
+no gods but Thor and Odin shall rule the "world-dominating race."
+Prussia seemed to think the world's need to-day was the religion not of
+Virtue, but of Valour. "In a day now long fled was heard the cry:
+'Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth,' but to-day
+there shall go forth the word: 'Blessed are the valiant, for they shall
+make the earth their throne.' In the past ye heard it said: 'Blessed are
+the poor in spirit,' but now I say to you: 'Blessed are the great in
+soul, for they shall enter into Valhalla.' Again, in the dark ages it
+was said to you: 'Blessed are the peace-makers,' but now in the blaze of
+day I say unto you: 'Blessed are the war-makers, for they shall be
+called, if not the children of Jahve, the children of Odin, who is
+greater than Jahve.'" For those who want more of this mad jargon on the
+same lines let me refer them to the late Professor Cramb's book on
+Germany and England.
+
+With this cartoon before me, I am driven to fear that when the war is
+done there will rise up in Germany a louder and stronger cry against the
+Christianity of Christ than ever was attempted after the Franco-Prussian
+War. The "man of blood and iron," the man with the mailed fist and the
+iron heel, I much apprehend, will not be satisfied with tearing down the
+emblem of the physical Body of Christ, but to slake his bloodthirsty
+spirit he will want to go on to belabour His Mystical Body no less. God
+avert it!
+
+                                                       BERNARD VAUGHAN.
+
+[Illustration: "I crush whatever resists me."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+FERDINAND
+
+In this war, where the ranks of the enemy present to us so many
+formidable, sinister, and shocking figures, there is one, and perhaps
+but one, which is purely ridiculous. If we had the heart to relieve our
+strained feelings by laughter, it would be at the gross Coburg traitor,
+with his bodyguard of assassins and his hidden coat-of-mail, his shaking
+hands and his painted face. The world has never seen a meaner scoundrel,
+and we may almost bring ourselves to pity the Kaiser, whom circumstances
+have forced to accept on equal terms a potentate so verminous.
+
+But we no longer smile, we are tempted rather to weep, when we think of
+the nation over whom this Ferdinand exercises his disastrous authority.
+Forty years will have expired this spring since the Christian peasants
+of Bulgaria rose in arms against the Turkish oppressor. After a year of
+wild mountain fighting, Russia, with fraternal devotion, came to their
+help, and at San Stefano in March, 1877, the aspirations of Bulgaria
+were satisfied under Russia auspices. Ten years later Ferdinand the
+usurper descended upon Sofia, shielded by the protection of Austria, and
+since then, under his poisonous rule, the honour and spirit of the once
+passionate and romantic Bulgarian nation have faded like a plant in
+poison-fumes.
+
+Raemaekers presents the odious Ferdinand to us in the act of starting
+for the wars--he who faints at the sight of a drawn sword. His hired
+assassins guard him from his own people and from the revenge of the
+thousands whom he has injured. But will they always be able to secure so
+vile a life against the vengeance of history? How soon will Fate
+condescend to crush this painted creature?
+
+                                                          EDMUND GOSSE.
+
+[Illustration: Ferdinand s'en va t'en guerre ne salt s'il reviendra.
+(Old French song adapted.)]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+JUGGERNAUT
+
+Yes, Kultur, the German Juggernaut, has passed this way. There is no
+mistaking the foul track of his chariot-wheels. Kultur is the German
+God. But there is a greater God still. He sees it all. He speaks,--
+
+    "_Was it for this I died?_
+
+    --Black clouds of smoke that veil the sight of heaven;
+    Black piles of stones which yesterday were homes;
+    And raw black heaps which once were villages;
+    Fair towns in ashes, spoiled to suage thy spleen;
+    My temples desecrate, My priests out-cast:--
+    Black ruin everywhere, and red,--a land
+    All swamped with blood, and savaged raw and bare;
+    All sickened with the reek and stench of war,
+    And flung a prey to pestilence and want;
+                                                 --Thy work!
+
+    "_For this?_--
+    --Life's fair white flower of manhood in the dust;
+    Ten thousand thousand hearts made desolate;
+    My troubled world a seething pit of hate;
+    My helpless ones the victims of thy lust;--
+    The broken maids lift hopeless eyes to Me,
+    The little ones lift handless arms to Me,
+    The tortured women lift white lips to Me,
+    The eyes of murdered white-haired sires and dames
+    Stare up at Me. And the sad anguished eyes
+    Of My dumb beasts in agony.
+                                                 --Thy work!"
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: KULTUR HAS PASSED HERE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MICHAEL AND THE MARKS
+
+"The Loan: good for 100 marks!" Look at him! He is the favoured of the
+Earth, lives in Germany, where Kultur is peerless, and education
+complete (even tho' the man may become a martyr of method). War comes!
+and he is seen, as an almond tree in blossom his years tell, when lo! a
+War Loan is raised with real Helfferichian candour, and Michael has just
+stepped out of the Darlehnskasse, at Oberwesel-on-the-Rhine, or other
+seat of Kultur and War Loan finance. Are visions about? said an American
+humorist now gone to the Shades; and Michael, Loan note in hand, eyes
+reversed, after a visit to two or three offices, wants to know, and
+wonders whether this note can be regarded as "hab und gut," and if so,
+good for how much? Is it a wonder that an artist in a Neutral Country
+should depict German affairs as in this condition, and business done in
+this manner? Michael is puzzled; and in the language of the Old Kent
+Road, "'e dunno where 'e are!" He is puzzled, and not without cause.
+
+All who have followed Germany's financing of the War share Michael's
+perplexity. Brag is a good dog: but it does not do as a foundation for
+credit. Gold at Spandau was trumpeted for years as a "war chest"; but
+when the "best laid schemes o' mice and men gang aft agley," especially
+when a war does not end, as it should, after a jolly march to Paris in
+six weeks, through a violated and plundered Belgium, then comes the
+rub--and the paper which puzzles Michael. A German, possibly Dr.
+Helfferich, the German Finance Minister, may believe, and some do
+believe, that it does not matter how much "paper," in currency notes, a
+State, or even a Bank, may issue. The more experienced commercial and
+banking concerns of the world insist upon a visible material, as well as
+the personal security, to which the German is prone. The round-about
+method of issuing German War Loans unquestionably puzzles Michael; but
+will not impose on the world outside.
+
+Let it be marked also, that German credit methods have been, in part,
+the proximate cause of this War; a system of credit-trading may last for
+some years only to threaten disaster and general ruin. Now, it is "neck
+or nothing"; Michael goes the round of the Loan offices, and behold him!
+Germany herself fears a crash in credit, and even the German Michael
+feels that it is impending. Already the mark exchanges over 30 below
+par.
+
+                                                     W. M. J. WILLIAMS.
+
+[Illustration: LOAN JUGGLERY
+
+MICHAEL: "For my 100 marks I obtained a receipt. I gave this for a
+second 100 marks and I received a second receipt. For the third loan I
+gave the second receipt. Have I invested 300 marks and has the
+Government got 300, or have both of us got nothing?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THEIR BERESINA
+
+_"Is it still a long way to the Beresina?"_
+
+The whole civilized world sincerely hopes not.
+
+Death, with the grin on his fleshless face, is hurrying them along to it
+as fast as his troika can go. Three black horses abreast he
+drives--Dishonour, Disappointment, and Disgrace--and the more audacious
+of the carrion-crows fly croaking ominously alongside.
+
+Little Willie, with the insignia of his family's doom on his head, is
+not happy in his mind. "Father's" plans have not worked smoothly, his
+promises have not been fulfilled. Little Willie is concerned for his own
+future. He is the only soul in the world who is.
+
+When the First--the real--Napoleon entered Russia, on June 24, 1812, he
+led an army of 414,000 men--the grande armée. When the great retreat
+began from burnt-out Moscow he had less than 100,000. By the time the
+Beresina was reached but little of the grand army was left. "Of the
+cavalry reserve, formerly 32,000 men, only 100 answered the
+muster-roll." The passage of the river, which was to interpose its
+barrier between him and the pursuing Russians, was an inferno of panic,
+selfishness, and utter demoralization. Finally, to secure his own
+safety, Napoleon had the bridges burnt before half his men had crossed.
+The roll-call that night totalled 8,000 gaunt spectres, hardly to be
+called men.
+
+_"Father, is it still a long way to the Beresina?"_
+
+We may surely and rightly put up that question as a prayer to the God
+whom Kaiser William claims as friend, but whom he has flouted and
+bruised as never mortal man since time began has bruised and flouted
+friend before.
+
+_"Is it still a long way to the Beresina?"_
+
+God grant them a short quick course, an end forever to militarism, to
+the wastage it has entailed, and to all those evils which have made such
+things possible in this year of grace 1916.
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: "Father, is it still a long way to the Beresina?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+NEW PEACE OFFERS
+
+The present policy of Germany is a curious mixture of underhand
+diplomacy and boastful threats. If she desires to impress the neutral
+States, she vaunts the great conquests that she has been able to
+accomplish. She points out, especially to Roumania and to Greece, how
+terrible is her vengeance on States which defy her, such as Belgium and
+Serbia, while vague promises are given to her Near-Eastern
+Allies--Bulgaria and Turkey--that they will have large additions to
+their territory as a reward for compliance with the dictates of Berlin.
+
+But, on the other hand, it is very clear that, as part and parcel of
+this vigorous offensive, Germany is already in more quarters than one
+suggesting that she is quite open to offers of peace. As every one
+knows, Von Bülow in Switzerland is the head and controlling agent of a
+great movement in the direction of peace; while lately we have heard of
+offers made to Belgium that if she will acknowledge a commercial
+dependence on the Central Empires her territory will be restored to her.
+Similar movements are going on in America, because throughout Germany
+still seeks to pose as a nation which was attacked and had to defend
+herself, and is therefore quite ready to listen if any reasonable offers
+come from her enemies to bring the war to a close.
+
+The unhappy German Imperial Chancellor has to play his part in this
+sorry comedy with such skill as he can manage. To his German countrymen
+he has to proclaim that the war has been one brilliant progress from the
+start to the present time. This must be done in order to allay the
+apprehensions of Berlin and to propitiate the ever-increasing demand for
+more plentiful supplies of food. Secretly he has to work quite as hard
+to secure for the Central Empires such a conclusion of hostilities as
+will leave them masters of Europe. And, without doubt, he has to put up
+with a good many indignities in the process. "The worst of it is, I must
+always deny having been there." Kicked out by the Allies, he has to
+pretend that no advances were ever made. Perhaps, however, such a task
+is not uncongenial to the man who began by asserting that solemnly
+ratified treaties were only "scraps of paper."
+
+                                                        W. L. COURTNEY.
+
+[Illustration: NEW PEACE OFFERS
+
+VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG "The worst of it is, I must always deny having
+been there."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE SHIELDS OF ROSSELAERE
+
+The climax of meanness and selfishness would seem to be reached when an
+armed man shelters himself behind the unarmed; yet it is not the climax,
+for here the artist depicts a body of German troops sheltering
+themselves behind women, calculating that the Belgians will not fire on
+their own countrywomen and unarmed friends, and that so the attack may
+safely gain an advantage.
+
+There is a studied contrast between the calm, orderly march of the
+troops with shouldered arms and the huddled, disorderly progress to
+which the townspeople are compelled. These are not marching; they are
+going to their death. Several of the women have their hands raised in
+frantic anguish, their eyes are like the eyes of insanity, and one at
+least has her mouth open to emit a shriek of terror. Two of the men are
+in even worse condition; they are collapsing, one forward, one backward,
+with outstretched hands as if grasping at help. The rest march on,
+courageously or stolidly. Some seem hardly to understand, some
+understand and accept their fate with calm resignation.
+
+One old woman walks quietly with bowed head submissive. In the front
+walks a priest, his hand raised in the gesture of blessing his flock.
+The heroism of the Catholic priesthood both in France and in Belgium
+forms one of the most honourable features of the Great War, and stands
+in striking contrast with the calculating diplomatic policy of the
+Papacy. There is always the same tendency in the "chief priests" of
+every race and period to be tempted to sacrifice moral considerations to
+expediency, and to prefer the empty fabric of an imposing Church
+establishment to the people who make the Church. But the clergy of
+Belgium are there to prove what the Church can do for mankind. This
+cartoon would be incomplete and would deserve condemnation as inartistic
+if it were not redeemed by the priest and the old woman.
+
+                                               WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.
+
+[Illustration: THE SHIELDS OF ROSSELAERE
+
+At Rosselaere the German troops forced the Belgian townsfolk to march in
+front of them]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE OBSTINACY OF NICHOLAS
+
+The venerable quip that what is firmness in ourselves is obstinacy in
+our opponents is illustrated with a ludicrous explicitness in the whole
+tenor of German official utterance since the failure of the great
+drives. The obtuseness of the Allies is so abysmal (it is again and
+again complained in the Reichstag and through Wolff) that they are
+unable to see that Germany is the permanently triumphant victor. Whereas
+for Germany, whose cause even the neutrals judge to be lost, to hold out
+at the cost of untold blood and treasure is merely the manifestation of
+heaven-conferred German steadfastness. The Army into whose obstinate
+corporate head it is hardest to drive the idea of German military
+all-powerfulness is the Russian, of which retreating units, actually
+armed with staves against a superbly equipped (but innocent and wantonly
+attacked) foe, were so stupid as to forget how to be broken and
+demoralized.
+
+And this long, imperturbable, _verdamte_ Nicholas, who was declared on
+the highest German authority (and what higher?) to be annihilated twice,
+having turned a smashing tactical defeat into strategical victory, bobs
+up serenely in another and most inconvenient place. Absurd; particularly
+when "what I tell you three times is true." ... Neonapoleon didn't
+remember Moscow. But he will.
+
+                                                          JOSEPH THORP.
+
+[Illustration: "Why, I've killed you twice, and you dare to come back
+again."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE ORDER OF MERIT
+
+Turkey had no illusions from the beginning on the subject of the war. If
+the choice had been left to the nation she would not have become
+Germany's catspaw. Unfortunately for Turkey, she has had no choice. For
+years upon years the Sultan Abdul Hamid was Turkey. Opposition to his
+will meant death for his opponent. Thus Turkey became inarticulate. Her
+voice was struck dumb. The revolution was looked upon hopefully as the
+dawn of a new era. Abdul Hamid was dethroned; his brother, a puppet, was
+exalted, anointed, and enthroned. Power passed from the Crown, not, as
+expected, to the people and its representatives, but into the hands of a
+youthful adventurer, in German pay, who has led his country from one
+folly to another.
+
+Turkey did not want to fight, but she had no choice, and so she was
+dragged in by the heels. She has lost much besides her independence. The
+crafty German has drained her of supplies while giving naught in return.
+The German's policy is to strive throughout for a weak Turkey. The
+weaker Turkey can be made, the better will it be for Germany, which
+hopes still, no matter what may happen elsewhere, so to manipulate
+things as to dominate the Ottoman Empire after the war.
+
+Turkey is still a rich country, in spite of her enormous sacrifices in
+the past decade. She has been exploited from end to end by the German
+adventurer, who will continue the process of bleeding so long as there
+is safety in the method; but Turkey is beginning to ask herself, as does
+the figure of the fat Pasha in the cartoon: "And is this all the
+compensation I get?" An Iron Cross does not pay for the loss of half a
+million good soldiers. Yet that is the exact measure of Turkey's reward.
+
+                                                   RALPH D. BLUMENFELD.
+
+[Illustration: THE ORDER OF MERIT
+
+TURKEY: "And is this all the compensation I get?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE MARSHES OF PINSK
+
+In what are we most like our kinsmen the Germans, and in what most
+unlike? I was convicted of Teutonism when first, in Germany, I ate "brod
+und butter," and found the words pronounced in an English way, slurred.
+But if we are like the Germans in the names of simple and childish
+things, we grow more unlike them, we draw farther apart from them, as we
+grow up. We love war less and less, as they love it more. We love our
+word of honour more and more as they, for the love of war, love their
+word less.
+
+There is no nation in the world more unlike us; because there is no war
+so perfect, so conscious, so complete as the German. And being thus
+all-predominant, German war is the greatest of outrages on life and
+death. We English have a singular degree of respect for the dead. It has
+no doubt expressed itself in some slight follies and vulgarities, such
+as certain funeral customs, not long gone by; but such respect is a
+national virtue and emotion. No nation loving war harbours that virtue.
+And in nothing do the kinsmen with whom we have much language in common
+differ from us more than in the policy that brought this Prussian host
+to cumber the stagnant waters of the Marshes of Pinsk.
+
+The love of war has cast them there, displayed, profaned, in the "cold
+obstruction" of their dissolution. Corruption is not sensible corruption
+when it is a secret in earth where no eye, no hand, no breathing can be
+aware of it. There is no offence in the grave. But the lover of war, the
+Power that loved war so much as to break its oath for the love of war,
+and for the love of war to strike aside the hand of the peace-maker,
+Arbitration, that Power has chosen thus to expose and to betray the
+multitude of the dead.
+
+                                                         ALICE MEYNELL.
+
+[Illustration: THE MARSHES OF PINSK, NOVEMBER, 1915.
+
+The Kaiser said last spring: "When the leaves fall you'll have peace."
+They have!]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+GOD WITH US
+
+Three _apaches_ sit crouched in shelter waiting the moment to strike.
+One is old and _gaga_, his ancient fingers splayed on the ground to
+support him and his face puckered with the petulance of age. One is a
+soft shapeless figure--clearly with small heart for the business, for he
+squats there as limp as a sack. One is the true stage conspirator with a
+long pendulous nose and narrow eyes. His knife is in his teeth, and he
+would clearly like to keep it there, for he has no stomach for a fight.
+He will only strike if he can get in a secret blow. The leader of the
+gang has the furtive air of the criminal, his chin sunk on his breast,
+and his cap slouched over his brows. His right hand holds a stiletto,
+his pockets bulge with weapons or plunder, his left hand is raised with
+the air of a priest encouraging his flock. And his words are the words
+of religion--"God with us." At the sign the motley crew will get to
+work.
+
+It is wholesome to strip the wrappings from grandiose things. Public
+crimes are no less crimes because they are committed to the sound of
+trumpets, and the chicanery of crowned intriguers is morally the same as
+the tricks of hedge bandits. It is privilege of genius to get down to
+fundamentals. Behind the stately speech of international _pourparlers_
+and the rhetoric of national appeals burn the old lust and greed and
+rapine. A stab in the dark is still a stab in the dark though courts and
+councils are the miscreants. A war of aggression is not less brigandage
+because the armies march to proud songs and summon the Almighty to their
+aid.
+
+Raemaekers has done much to clear the eyes of humanity. The monarch of
+_Felix Austria_, with the mantle of the Holy Roman Empire still dragging
+from his shoulders, is no more than a puzzled, broken old man, crowded
+in this bad business beside the Grand Turk, against whom his fathers
+defended Europe. The preposterous Ferdinand, shorn of his bombast, is
+only a chicken-hearted assassin. The leader of the band, the All Highest
+himself, when stripped of his white cloak and silver helmet, shows the
+slouch and the furtive ferocity of the street-corner bravo. And the cry
+"God with us," which once rallied Crusades, has become on such lips the
+signal of the _apache_.
+
+                                                           JOHN BUCHAN.
+
+[Illustration: GOD WITH US
+
+"At the command 'Gott mit uns' you will go for them."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+FERDINAND THE CHAMELEON
+
+There is one whole field of the evil international influence of Germany
+in which Ferdinand of Bulgaria is a much more important and symbolic
+person than William of Prussia. He is, of course, a cynical
+cosmopolitan. He is in great part a Jew, and an advanced type of that
+_mauvais juif_ who is the principal obstacle to all the attempts of the
+more genuine and honest Jews to erect a rational status for their
+people.
+
+Like almost every man of this type, he is a Jingo without being a
+patriot. That is to say, he is of the type that believes in big
+armaments and in a diplomacy even more brutal than armaments; but the
+militarism and diplomacy are not humanized either by the ancient
+national sanctities which surround the Czar of Russia, or the
+spontaneous national popularity which established the King of Serbia. He
+is not national, but international; and even in his peaceful activities
+has been not so much a neutral as a spy.
+
+In the accompanying cartoon the Dutch caricaturist has thrust with his
+pencil at the central point of this falsity. It is something which is
+probably the central point of everything everywhere, but is especially
+the central point of everything connected with the deep quarrels of
+Eastern Europe. It is religion. Russian Orthodoxy is an enormously
+genuine thing; Austrian Romanism is a genuine thing; Islam is a genuine
+thing; Israel, for that matter, is also a genuine thing.
+
+But Ferdinand of Bulgaria is not a genuine thing; and he represents the
+whole part played by Prussia in these ancient disputes. That part is the
+very reverse of genuine; it is a piece of ludicrous and transparent
+humbug. If Prussia had any religion, it would be a northern perversion
+of Protestantism utterly distant from and indifferent to the
+controversies of Slavonic Catholics. But Prussia has no religion. For
+her there is no God; and Ferdinand is his prophet.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: FERDINAND THE CHAMELEON
+
+"I was a Catholic, but, needing Russian help, I became a Greek Orthodox.
+Now I need the Austrians, I again become Catholic. Should things turn
+out badly, I can again revert to Greek Orthodoxy."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE LATIN SISTERS
+
+The Latin Sisters! Note carefully the expression of France as contrasted
+with that of Italy. France, violated by the Hun, exhibits grim
+determination made sacrosanct by suffering. Italy's face glows with
+enthusiasm. One can conceive of the one fighting on to avenge her
+martyrs, steadfast to the inevitable end when Right triumphs over Might.
+One can conceive of the other drawing her sword because of the blood tie
+which links them together in a bond that craft and specious lies have
+tried in vain to sunder. What do they stand for, these two noble
+sisters? Everything which can be included in the word--ART. Everything
+which has built up, stone upon stone, the stately temple of
+Civilization, everything which has served to humanize mankind and to
+differentiate him from the beasts of Prussia.
+
+Looking at these two sisters, one wonders that there are still to be
+found in England mothers who allow their children to be taught German.
+One hazards the conjecture that it might well be imparted to
+exceptionally wicked children, if there be any, because none can
+question that the Teutonic tongue will be spoken almost exclusively in
+the nethermost deeps of Hades until, and probably after, the Day of
+Judgment.
+
+For my sins I studied German in Germany, and I rejoice to think that I
+have forgotten nearly every word of that raucous and obscene language.
+Had I a child to educate, and the choice between German and Choctaw were
+forced upon me, I should not select German. French, Italian, and
+Spanish, cognate tongues, easy to learn, delightful to speak, hold out
+sweet allurements to English children. Do not these suffice? If any
+mother who happens to read these lines is considering the propriety of
+teaching German to a daughter, let her weigh well the responsibility
+which she is deliberately assuming. To master any foreign language, it
+is necessary to talk much and often with the natives. Do Englishwomen
+wish to talk with any Huns after this war? What will be the feeling of
+an English mother whose daughter marries a Hun any time within the next
+twenty years? And such a mother will know that she planted the seed
+which ripened into catastrophe when she permitted her child to acquire
+the language of our detestable and detested enemies.
+
+                                               HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.
+
+[Illustration: THE LATIN SISTERS
+
+ITALY: "Indeed she is my sister"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MISUNDERSTOOD
+
+It need not necessarily be supposed that the directors of German
+destiny, who are not devoid of intelligence, took the ravings of
+Bernhardi over-seriously. He had his special uses no doubt before the
+day. But on the morrow of the day, when questions of responsibility came
+to be raised, he became one of many inconvenient witnesses; and there
+has scarcely been a better joke among the grim humours of this
+catastrophe than the mission of this Redhot-Gospeller of the New
+Unchivalry of War to explain to "those idiotic Yankees" that he was
+really an ardent pacifist. The most just, the most brilliant, the most
+bitter pamphlet of invective could surely not say so much as this
+reeking cleaver, those bloody hands, that fatuous leer and gesture, this
+rigid victim. Bernhardism was not a mere windy theory. It was exactly
+practised on the Belgian people.
+
+And this spare, dignified figure of Uncle Sam, contemptuously
+incredulous, is, I make bold to say, a more representative symbol of the
+American people than one which our impatience sometimes tempts us now to
+draw. Most Americans now regret, as Pope Benedict must regret, that the
+first most cruel rape of Belgium was allowed to pass without formal
+protest in the name of civilization. But that occasion gone, none other,
+not the _Lusitania_ even, showed so clear an opportunity. A people's
+sentiments are not necessarily expressed by the action of its
+Government, which moves always in fetters. Nor has President Wilson's
+task been as simple as his critics on this or the other side of the
+Atlantic profess to believe.
+
+                                                          JOSEPH THORP.
+
+[Illustration: MISUNDERSTOOD
+
+BERNHARDI: "Indeed I am the most humane fellow in the world."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PROSPERITY REIGNS IN FLANDERS
+
+Wherever Prussia rules she has only one method of ruling--that of
+terror. Wherever she finds civilization and the wealth which
+civilization creates, she can do nothing but despoil. She is as
+incapable of persuasion as of creation. No people forced to endure her
+rule have ever been won to prefer it as the Alsatians came to prefer the
+rule of France or as many Indians have come to prefer the rule of
+England. In Belgium she has been especially herself in this respect.
+
+A wise policy would have dictated such a careful respect for private
+rights and such a deference to native traditions as might conceivably
+have weakened the determination of the Belgians to resist to the death
+those who had violated their national independence. But Prussia is
+incapable of such a policy. In any territory which she occupies, whether
+temporarily or permanently, her only method is terror and her only aim
+loot. She did indeed send some of her tame Socialists to Brussels to
+embark on the hopeless enterprise of persuading the Belgian Socialists
+that honour and patriotism were _ideologies bourgeoises_ and that the
+"economic interests" of Belgium would be best promoted by a submission.
+These pedantic barbarians got the answer which they deserved; but on
+their pettifogging thesis Raemaekers' cartoon is perhaps the best
+commentary.
+
+The "prosperity" of Belgium under Prussian rule has consisted in the
+systematic looting, in violation of international law, of the wealth
+accumulated by the free citizens of Belgium, for the advantage of their
+Prussian rulers; while to the mass of the people it has brought and,
+until it is forever destroyed, can bring nothing but that slavery which
+the Prussians have themselves accepted and which they would now impose
+upon the whole civilization of Europe.
+
+                                                      CECIL CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: PROSPERITY REIGNS IN FLANDERS
+
+Four hundred and eighty millions of francs have been imposed as a war
+tax, but soup is given gratis.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE LAST HOHENZOLLERN
+
+Behind him stands the embodiment of all that Prussian kultur and
+efficiency mean, wooden uninventiveness, clockwork accuracy of
+movement--without soul or inspiration. He himself is thin and
+scraggy--Raemaekers has intensified these characteristics, but even so
+the caricature of the reality is more accurate than unkind. Many months
+ago, this vacuous heir of the house of Hohenzollern set to work on the
+task of overcoming France, and the result ... may be found in bundles of
+four, going back to the incinerators beyond Aix, in the piled corpses
+before the French positions at and about Verdun; some of the results,
+the swag of the decadent burglar, went back in sacks from the châteaux
+that this despicable thing polluted and robbed as might any Sikes from
+Portland or Pentonville.
+
+He is the embodiment, himself, of the last phase of Prussian kultur.
+Somewhere back in the history of Prussia its rulers had to invent and to
+create, and then kultur brought forth hard men; later, it became
+possible to copy, and then kultur brought forth mechanical perfection
+rather than creative perfection, systematized its theories of life and
+work, and brought into being a class of men just a little meaner, more
+rigid, more automaton-like, than the original class; having reduced life
+to one system, and that without soul or ideal, kultur brought forth
+types lacking more and more in originality. Here stands the culminating
+type; he will copy the good German Gott--he is incapable of originating
+anything--and will "do the same to France."
+
+As far as lies in his power, he has done it; in the day of reckoning,
+Germany will judge how he has done it, and it is to be hoped that
+Germany will give him his just reward, for no punishment could be more
+fitting. The rest of the world already knows his vacuity, his utter
+uselessness, his criminal decadence. As his father was stripped of the
+Garter, so is he here shown stripped of the attributes to which, in
+earlier days, he made false claim. There remains a foolish knave
+posturing--and that is the real Crown Prince of Germany.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND!
+
+"Father says I have to do the same with France."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PIRACY
+
+In the summer of 1914 Germany stood before the world, a nation of
+immense, and to a great extent of most honourable, achievement. Her
+military greatness had never been in dispute. But in the previous twenty
+years she had developed an internal industry and an external commerce on
+a scale and with a rapidity entirely unprecedented. She had to build a
+navy such as no nation had ever constructed in so short a time. She
+seemed destined to progress in the immediate future as she had
+progressed in the immediate past.
+
+What has the madness for world conquest done for her now? She has made
+enemies of all, and made all her enemies suffer. Like the strong blind
+man of history, she has seized the columns of civilization and brought
+the whole temple down. But has she not destroyed herself utterly amid
+the ruins? Her industry is paralyzed, her commerce gone. Her navy is
+dishonoured. Some force she still possesses at sea, but it is force to
+be expended on sea piracy alone. And it is not piracy that can save her.
+At most, in her extremity, it will do for her what a life belt does for
+a lone figure in a deserted ocean. It prolongs the agony that precedes
+inevitable extinction. It is the throw of the desperate gambler that
+Germany has made, when she flings this last vestige of her honour into
+the sea.
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: TIRPITZ'S LAST HOPE--PIRACY]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+WEEPING, SHE HATH WEPT
+
+While a world of mourners is plaintively asking, "What has become of our
+brave dead, where are they? Alas! how dark is the world without them,
+how silent the home, how sad the heart"; whilst the mourner is groping
+like the blind woman for her lost treasure, the Belgian mother, and the
+Belgian widow, and the Belgian orphan are on their knees, praying,
+"Eternal rest give to them, O Lord; let a perpetual light shine upon
+them," the Christian plea that has echoed down the ages from the day of
+the Maccabees till now, exhorting us to pray for the dead that they may
+be loosed from their sins. I would remind the broken-hearted mother
+beseeching me to tell her where can her brave boy be gone, adding, "His
+was such a lonely journey; did he find his way to God?" of the words of
+the poet, who finds his answer to her question in the flight of a sea
+bird sailing sunward from the winter snows:
+
+    There is a Power whose care
+    Teaches thy way along the pathless coast,
+    The desert and illimitable air,
+    Lone, wandering but not lost:
+
+    He who from zone to zone
+    Guides, through the boundless sky, thy certain flight,
+    In the lone way which thou must tread alone
+    Will lead thy steps aright.
+
+The brave soldier, who in the discharge of high duty has been suddenly
+shot into eternity by the fire of the enemy, will surely, far more
+easily than the migrating bird, wing his flight to God, Who, let us
+pray, will not long withhold him the happy-making vision of Heaven.
+Pilgrims homeward-bound, as you readily understand, at different stages
+of their journey will picture Heaven to themselves differently,
+according as light or darkness, joy or sorrow encompass them. Some will
+picture Heaven as the Everlasting Holiday after the drudgery of school
+life, others as Eternal Happiness after a life of suffering and sorrow,
+others again as Home after exile, and some others as never-ending
+Rapture in the sight of God.
+
+But to-day, when " frightfulness" is the creed of the enemy, and warfare
+with atrocities is his gospel, very many amongst us, weary with the
+long-drawn battle, sick with its ever-recurring horrors, and broken by
+its ghastly revelations, will lift up their eyes to a land beyond the
+stars.
+
+                                                FATHER BERNARD VAUGHAN.
+
+[Illustration: THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MILITARY NECESSITY
+
+It may be asserted that the plea of "Frightfulness" will not be
+recognized a "military necessity" when Germany is judged, and that this
+enemy of civilization, even as the enemy of society, will be held
+responsible for its crimes, though they stand as far above the
+imagination as beyond the power of a common felon. Bill Sikes may justly
+claim "military necessity" for his thefts and murders, if Germany can do
+so for hers.
+
+Under Article No. 46 of the Regulations of The Hague, we learn that
+"Family honour and rights, individual life and private property must be
+respected," and, under Article No. 47, "all pillage is expressly
+forbidden." But while it was a political necessity to subscribe to that
+fundamental formula of civilization, Germany's heart recognized no real
+need to do so, and secretly, in cold blood, at the inspiration of her
+educated and well-born rulers, she plotted the details of a campaign of
+murder, rape, arson, and pillage, which demanded the breaking of her
+oath as its preliminary. Well might her Chancellor laugh at "the scrap
+of paper," which stood between Germany and Belgium, when he reflected on
+the long list of sacred assurances his perjured country had already
+planned to break.
+
+No viler series of events, in Northern France alone, can be cited than
+those extracted from the note-books of captured and fallen Germans. Such
+blood-stained pages must be a tithe of those that returned to Germany,
+but they furnish a full story of what the rank and file accomplished at
+the instigation and example of their officers. Space precludes
+quotation; but one may refer the reader to "Germany's Violations of the
+Laws of War,"[A] published under the auspices of the French Foreign
+Office. It is a book that should be on the tables at the Peace
+Conference.
+
+We cannot hang an army for these unspeakable offences, or treat those
+who burn a village of living beings as we would treat one who made a
+bonfire of his fellow-man; nor can we condemn to penal servitude a whole
+nation for bestial outrages on humanity, ordered by its Higher Command
+and executed by its troops; but at least we may hope soon to find the
+offending Empire under police supervision of Europe, with a
+ticket-of-leave, whose conditions shall be as strict as an outraged
+earth knows how to draw them.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Footnote A: English translation. Heinemann.]
+
+[Illustration: ON TICKET-OF-LEAVE
+
+CONVICT: "The next time I'll wear a German helmet and plead 'military
+necessity.'"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LIBERTÉ! LIBERTÉ, CHÉRIE!
+
+There have been many surprises in this war. The evil surprises,
+patiently, scientifically, diabolically matured in the dark for the
+upsetting and downcasting of a too-trusting world by the enemy of
+mankind, whose "Teuton-faith" will surely forever outrival that
+"Punic-faith" which has hitherto been the by-word for perfidious
+treachery. The heartening surprises of gallant little Belgium and
+Serbia; the renascence of Russia; the wonderful upleap to the needs of
+the times by Great, and still more by Greater Britain; and, not least,
+the bracing of the loins of our closest Allies just across the water.
+
+In the very beginning, when the Huns tore up that scrap of paper which
+represented their honour and their right to a place among decent
+dwellers on the earth, and came sweeping like a dirty flood over Belgium
+and Northern France, the overpowering remembrance of 1870 still lay
+heavy on our sorely-tried neighbours. They had not yet quite found
+themselves. The Huns had a mighty reputation for invincibility. It
+seemed impossible to stand against them. There were waverings, even
+crumplings. There were said to be treacheries in high places.
+
+The black flood swept on. Von Kluck was heading for Paris, and seemed
+likely to get there. Then suddenly, miraculously as it seemed, his
+course was diverted. He was tossed aside and flung back.
+
+And it is good to recall the reason he himself is said to have given for
+his failure.
+
+"At Mons the British taught the French how to die."
+
+That is a great saying and worthy of preservation for all time. Whether
+Von Kluck said it or not does not matter. It represents and immortalizes
+a mighty fact.
+
+France was bending under the terrible impact. Britain stood and died.
+France braced her loins and they have been splendidly braced ever since.
+
+The Huns were found to be resistible, vulnerable, breakable. The old
+verve and élan came back with all the old fire, and along with these,
+new depths of grim courage and tenacity, and, we are told, of
+spirituality, which may be the making of a new France greater than the
+world has ever known.
+
+And that we shall welcome. France, Belgium, Serbia, Russia have suffered
+in ways we but faintly comprehend on this side of the water. When the
+Great Settling Day conies, this new higher spirit of France will, it is
+to be devoutly hoped, make for restraint in the universal craving for
+vengeance, and prove a weighty factor in the righteous re-adjustment of
+things and the proper fitting together of the jig-saw map of Europe.
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: LIBERTÉ! LIBERTÉ, CHÉRIE!]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+I--"A KNAVISH PIECE OF WORK"
+
+There can be no defence of the spirit of hatred in which the Germans
+have, so fatally for their future, carried on this amazing mad war of
+theirs, in violation of all human instincts of self-respect and
+self-preservation, to say nothing of the obligations of religion and
+morality observed among mankind from the first dawnings of civilization.
+The knavery, the villainy, and the besotted bestiality of it can never
+be forgotten, and must never be forgiven, and Louis Raemaekers, gifted
+as he is with the rare dramatic genius that discriminates his Cartoons,
+has but discharged an obvious patriotic duty in publishing them to the
+world at large, as true and faithful witnesses to the unspeakable and
+inexpiable abominations wrought throughout Belgium and French Flanders
+by the Germans--which, already, in the course of Divine retribution,
+have involved their own country in material losses it will take from
+three to four generations to repair; and their once honoured name in
+contempt, and reprobation, and infamy, wherefrom it can never be
+redeemed.
+
+Nevertheless, as an Englishman, I shrink from giving any emphasis there
+may be in my "hand and signature" to these righteously condemnatory and
+withering cartoons; and because, each one of them, as I turn to it,
+brings more and more crushingly home to me the transcending sin of
+England--of every individual Englishman with a vote for Members of
+Parliament--in not having prepared for this war; a sin that has
+implicated us in the destruction of the whole rising generation of the
+flower of our manhood; and, before this date, would have brought us
+under subjection to Germany but for the confidence placed by the rank
+and file of the British people and nation in Lord Kitchener of Khartum.
+
+Now--face to face with enemies--from the Kaiser downward to his humblest
+subjects--animated by the highest, noblest ideals, but again perverted
+for a time--as in the case of their ancestors in the Middle Ages--by a
+secular epidemic of "Panmania," they are to be faced not with idle
+reproaches and revilings, still less with undignified taunts and gibes,
+but with close-drawn lips and clenched teeth, in the determination that,
+once having cast Satan out of them, he shall be bound down to keep the
+peace of Christendom--"for a thousand years."
+
+                                                       GEORGE BIRDWOOD.
+
+[Illustration: WE'LL GIVE YOU THE TITLE OF MPRET OF POLAND
+
+The new Governor has had the title of Mpret given to him, the same that
+was given to the ill-starred Prince of Wied when made ruler of Albania
+in 1914.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+II--"SISYPHUS,--HIS STONE"
+
+Sisyphus, as the story goes, was a King who widely extended the
+commerce, and largely increased the wealth, of Corinth, but by
+avaricious and fraudful ways; for the sin whereof he was sentenced after
+death to the unresting labour of rolling up a hill in Tartarus, a huge
+unhewn block of stone, which so soon as he gets it to the hill top, for
+all his efforts, rolls down again. In classical representation of the
+scene he is associated with Tantalus and Ixion; Tantalus, who, presuming
+too much on his relations with Zeus, was after death afflicted with an
+unquenchable thirst amidst flowing fountains and pellucid lakes--like
+the lakes of "The Thirst of the Antelope" in the marvellous mirages of
+Rajputana and Mesopotamia--that ever elude his anguished approaches; and
+with Ixion, the meanest and basest of cheats, and most demoniac of
+murderers, whose posthumous punishment was in being stretched, and
+broken, and bound, in the figure of the svastika, on a wheel which,
+self-moved--like the wheels of the vision of Ezekiel--whirls forevermore
+round and round the abyss of the nether world. The moral of these
+tortures is that we may well and most wisely leave vengeance to "the
+high Gods." They will repay!
+
+                                                       GEORGE BIRDWOOD.
+
+[Illustration: SISYPHUS]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS
+
+Nothing has damned the Germans more in the eyes of other nations,
+belligerent and neutral alike, and nothing will have a more subtle and
+lasting influence on future relations, than the revelation of stealthy
+preparation for conquest under a mask of innocent and friendly
+intercourse. The whole process of "peaceful penetration," pursued in a
+thousand ways with infernal ingenuity and relentless determination, is
+an exhibition of systematic treachery such as all the Macchiavellis have
+never conceived. Germany has revealed herself as a nation of spies and
+assassins. To take advantage of a neighbour's unsuspecting hospitality,
+to enter his house with an air of open friendship, in order to stab him
+in the back at a convenient moment, is an act of the basest treachery,
+denounced by all mankind in all ages. No one would be more shocked by it
+in private life than the Germans themselves. But when it is undertaken
+methodically on a national scale under the influence of _Deutschland
+über Alles_, the same conduct becomes ennobled in their eyes, they throw
+themselves into it with enthusiasm and lose all sense of honour. Such is
+the moral perversion worked by Kultur and the German theory of the
+State.
+
+An inevitable consequence is that in future the movements and
+proceedings of Germans in other countries will be watched with intense
+suspicion, and if Governments do not prevent the sort of thing depicted
+by Mr. Raemaekers the people will see to it themselves. The cartoon is
+not, of course, intended to reflect personally on the owner of Krupp's
+works, who is said to be a gentle-minded and blameless lady. It is her
+misfortune to be associated by the chance of inheritance with the German
+war machine and one of the underhand methods by which it has pursued its
+aims.
+
+                                                           A. SHADWELL.
+
+[Illustration: ON CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS
+BIG BERTHA: "What a charming view over Flushing harbour! May I build a
+villa here?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PALLAS ATHENE
+
+"Has it come to this?" Well may the Goddess ask this question. Times are
+indeed changed since the heroic days. Germany has still her great Greek
+scholars, one or two of them among the greatest living, men who know,
+and can feel, the spirit, as well as the letter, of the old Classics. Do
+they remember to-day what the relation of the Goddess of Wisdom was to
+the God of War, in Homer, when, to use the Latin names which are perhaps
+more familiar, to the general reader than the Greek, Mars "indulged in
+lawless rage," and Jove sent Juno and Minerva to check his
+"frightfulness?"
+
+    "Go! and the great Minerva be thine aid;
+    To tame the monster-god Minerva knows,
+    And oft afflicts his brutal breast with woes."
+
+and how the hero Diomede, with Minerva's aid, wounded the divine bully
+and sent him bellowing and whimpering back, only to hear from his father
+the just rebuke:
+
+    "To me, perfidious! this lamenting strain?
+    Of lawless force shall lawless Mars complain?
+    Of all the gods who tread the spangled skies,
+    Thou most unjust, most odious in our eyes!
+    Inhuman discord is thy dear delight,
+    The waste of slaughter, and the rage of fight!"
+
+It is most true. Such has ever been War for War's sake, and when the
+Germans themselves are wounded and beaten, they complain like Mars of
+old of "lawless force."
+
+But Raemaekers has introduced another touch more Roman than Greek, and
+reminding us perhaps of Tacitus rather than of Homer.
+
+Who was Caligula, and what does his name mean? "Little Jack-boots," in
+his childhood the spoiled child of the camp, as a man, and Cæsar, the
+first of the thoroughly mad, as well as bad, Emperors of Rome, the first
+to claim divine honours in his lifetime, to pose as an artist and an
+architect, an orator and a _littérateur_, to have executions carried out
+under his own eyes, and while he was at meals; who made himself a God,
+and his horse a Consul.
+
+Minerva blacking the boots of Caligula--it is a clever combination!
+
+But there is an even worse use of Pallas, which War and the German
+War-lords have made. They have found a new Pallas of their own, not the
+supernal Goddess of Heavenly Wisdom and Moderation, but her infernal
+counterfeit, sung of by a famous English poet in prophetic lines that
+come back to us to-day with new force.
+
+    Who loves not Knowledge, who shall rail
+        Against her beauty, may she mix
+        With men and prosper, who shall fix
+    Her pillars? let her work prevail----
+
+Yes, but how do the lines continue?
+
+    What is she cut from love and faith
+        But some wild Pallas from the brain
+
+    Of Demons, fiery hot to burst
+        All barriers in her onward race
+    For power? Let her know her place,
+    She is the second, not the first.
+
+Knowledge is power, but, unrestrained by conscience, a very awful power.
+
+This is the Pallas whom the "Demons," from whose brain she has sprung,
+are using for their demoniac purposes. She too might have her portrait
+painted--and they. Perhaps Raemaekers will paint them both before he has
+done.
+
+                                                        HERBERT WARNER.
+
+[Illustration: PALLAS ATHENE "Has it come to this?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE WONDERS OF CULTURE
+
+Of all forms of "Kultur" or "frightfulness" that which materializes in
+the "the terror which flieth by night" is to the intelligent mind at one
+and the same time the most insensate and damnable. It fails to
+accomplish, either in Paris or in London, the subjugation by terror of
+the people for which Germans seem to hope. It is only in German
+imagination that it accomplishes "material and satisfactory damage to
+forts, camps, arsenals, and fortified towns." In reality it inflicts
+misery and death upon a mere handful of people (horrible as that may be)
+and destroys chiefly the homes of the poor. It serves no military end,
+and the damage done is out of all proportion to the expenditure of
+energy and material used to accomplish it.
+
+The fine cartoon which Raemaekers has drawn to bring home to the
+imagination what this form of "Kultur" stands for makes it easy for us
+in London to sympathize with our brothers and sisters in Paris. We have
+as yet been spared daylight raids in the Metropolitan area, and so we
+needed this cartoon to enable us to realize fully what "Kultur" by
+indiscriminate Zeppelin bombs means.
+
+Who cannot see the cruel drama played out in that Paris street? The
+artist has assembled for us in a few living figures all the actors. The
+dead woman; the orphaned child, as yet scarcely realizing her loss; the
+bereaved workman, calling down the vengeance of Heaven upon the
+murderers from the air; the stern faces of the _sergents de ville_,
+evidently feeling keenly their impotence to protect; and in the
+background other _sergents_, the lines of whose bent backs convey in a
+marvellous manner and with a touch of real genius the impression of
+tender solicitude for the injured they are tending. And faintly
+indicated, further still in the background, the crowd that differs
+little, whether it be French or English, in its deeper emotions.
+
+                                                         CLIVE HOLLAND.
+
+[Illustration: THE WONDERS OF CULTURE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"FOLK WHO DO NOT UNDERSTAND THEM"
+
+How often have I been asked by sorrow-stricken mothers and wives: "Why
+does not Providence intervene either to stop this war, or at least to
+check its cruelties and horrors?" If for many amongst us not yet
+bereaved this European massacre is a puzzle, it should not cause us
+dismay or surprise, if the widow or son-bereaved mother lifts up her
+hands exclaiming: "Why did not God save him? Why did He let him be shot
+down by those Huns?"
+
+Truth to tell, God has, so to speak, tied up His own hands in setting
+ours free. When He placed the human race upon the surface of this planet
+He dowered them with freedom, giving to each man self-determining force,
+by the exercise of which he was to become better than a man or worse
+than a beast. Good and evil, like wheat and cockle, grow together, in
+the same field. The winnowing is at harvest-time, not before. Meanwhile,
+we ourselves have lived to see the fairest portions of this fair
+creation of God changed from a garden into a desert--pillaged, ravaged,
+and brought to utter ruin by shot and shell, sword and fire. When I have
+said this, I have but uttered a foreword to the hideous story, spoken
+the prologue only of the "frightful" tragedy. We are all familiar with
+at least some of the revolting facts and details with which the German
+soldiery has been found charged and convicted by Commissions appointed
+to investigate the crimes and atrocities adduced against them. The
+verdicts of French, Belgian, and English tribunals are unanimous. They
+all agree that Germany has been caught redhanded in her work of dyeing
+the map of Europe red with innocent blood.
+
+When you bend your eyes to the pathetic cartoon standing opposite this
+letterpress, is there not brought home to you in a way, touching even to
+tears, the "frightful" consequences of the misuse of human powers, more
+especially of the attribute of freedom? If Germany had chosen to use,
+instead of brute force, moral force, what a great, grand, and glorious
+mission might have been hers to-day. If, instead of trying the
+impossible task of dominating the whole world with her iron hand upon
+its throat and her iron heel upon its foot, she had been satisfied with
+the portion of the map already belonging to her, and had not by
+processes of bureaucratic tyranny driven away millions of her subjects
+who preferred liberty to slavery, America to Germany, by this date she
+might have consolidated an Empire second in the world to none but one.
+Alas! in her over-reaching arrogance she has, on the contrary, set out
+to de-Christianize, de-civilize, and even de-humanize the race for which
+Christ lived and died.
+
+Our high mission it is to try to save her from herself. Already I can
+read written in letters of blood carved into the gravestone of her
+corrupted greatness,
+
+    "Ill-weaved ambition,
+    How much art thou shrunk!"
+
+                                                       BERNARD VAUGHAN.
+
+[Illustration: LES BEAUTES DE LA GUERRE
+
+Folk who do not understand them.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ON THE WAY TO CALAIS
+
+They are coming, like a tempest, in their endless ranks of gray,
+While the world throws up a cloud of dust upon their awful way;
+They're the glorious cannon fodder of the mighty Fatherland,
+Born to make the kingdoms tremble and the nations understand.
+
+  Tramp! Tramp! Tramp! the cannon fodder come
+  Along their way to Calais, (God help the hearth and home)
+  They'll do his will who taught them, on the earth and on the waves,
+  Till land and sea are festering with their unnumbered graves.
+
+The garrison and barrack and the fortress give them vent;
+They sweep, a herd of winter wolves, upon the flying scent;
+For all their deeds of horror they are told that death atones,
+And their master's harvest cannot spring till he has sowed their bones.
+
+  Into beasts of prey he's turned them; when they show their teeth and growl.
+  The lash is buried in their cheeks; they're slaughtered if they howl;
+  To their bloody Lord of Battles must they only bend the knee,
+  For hard as steel and fierce as hell should cannon fodder be.
+
+Scourge and curses are their portion, pain and hunger without end,
+Till they hail the yell of shrapnel as the welcome of a friend;
+They drink and burn and rape and laugh to hear the women cry,
+And do the devil's work to-day, but on the morrow die.
+
+  Drift! Drift! Drift! the cannon fodder go
+  Upon their way to Calais, (God feed the carrion crow.)
+  They've done his will who taught them that the Germans shall be slaves,
+  Till land and sea are festering with their unnumbered graves.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: THE YSER. "We are on our way to Calais."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG AND TRUTH
+
+    _"Incorrupta Fides, nudaque Veritas"_
+                                            HORACE
+
+    "Good Faith unstained, and Truth all-unadorned"
+
+_Nuda veritas_: it was Horace who in a famous Ode first presented the
+figure of Truth thus. And whom did he make her companions and sisters?
+They were three, and their names were "Modesty," "Fair Dealing," and
+"Good Faith." The four sisters do indeed go together in a quadruple
+alliance and _entente_, and when one is flouted or estranged, the others
+are alienated and become enemies too.
+
+The Germans were believed to be--some few still believe them to be--a
+"truth-loving nation." They had a passion, we were told, for truth, for
+accuracy, for scientific exactness. Theirs might be a blunt and brutal
+frankness, but they were at least downright and truthful.
+
+Well, they first flouted Modesty--they bragged and blustered, bluffed
+and "bounded." They could not keep it up. They had to act. Fair Dealing
+went by the board. Then Good Faith became impossible, for, as this very
+von Bethmann-Hollweg declared, "Necessity knew no law." Now they have
+forsaken Truth. They must deceive their own people. The "lie" has
+entered into their soul. Never was so systematic a use made of
+falsehoods small and great.
+
+But Truth expelled is not powerless. Naked, she is still not weaponless.
+She has her little "periscope," her magic mirror, which shows the liar
+himself, as well as the world, what he is like. And she has another
+weapon, as those who know their "Paradise Lost" will remember:
+
+    "Bright Ithuriel's lance
+    Truth kindling truth where'er it glance"
+
+It is not shown here, for it is invisible, but none the less potent.
+With it Truth can indeed "shame the devil." She not only shows what the
+liar is like outside, but reveals his inner hideousness, and actual
+shape, for all to see.
+
+There are many sayings about Truth, and they are all awkward for the
+liar. "Truth will out," said a witty English judge, "even in an
+affidavit." It will out, even in a German Chancellor's _démenti_.
+
+The most famous is
+
+    "_Magna est veritas et prævalet_"
+
+    "Great is Truth and she prevails," in the end.
+
+Yes, "She is on the path, and nothing will stop her." She started on the
+hills of the little but free republic of Switzerland; she is slowly
+traversing the plains of the vast free republic of America. Her last
+contest will be over the Germans themselves.
+
+                                                        HERBERT WARREN.
+
+[Illustration: VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG AND TRUTH
+
+"Truth is on the path and nothing will stay her."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+VAN TROMP AND DE RUYTER
+
+A generation ago a little clique of wise men at Oxford patted themselves
+on the back for having discovered "The Historical Method." But the
+common people of all countries have always known it. The names of the
+great dead are not forgotten, nor yet the great things for which they
+stood. There may be no strict liturgy for the ancestor worship of the
+West, but that worship is a simple fact, and it is a thing that timorous
+politicians would do well to remember. Here Raemaekers appeals to his
+countrymen to regard their past, to be worthy of the great seamen who
+took the Dutch fleet up the Medway, and lashed brooms to the mast-head
+of the ships that swept the sea clear of British enemies.
+
+The Dutch were fighting for their liberty then. Great Britain is
+fighting for liberty in Europe to-day--and for Dutch liberty to boot.
+The enemy of all liberty uses Holland as a short cut whereby her pirates
+of the air can get more quickly to their murder work in England. Would
+the hero ancestors, of whom the Dutch so boast, have tolerated this
+indignity? The artist seer supplies the answer.
+
+Note the mixture of the ghostly and the real in this vivid and vivacious
+drawing. But if it is easy to see through the faint outlines of the
+sailor spirits, it is easier for these gallant ghosts to see through the
+unrealities of their descendants' fears and hesitations. The anger of
+the heroes is plainly too great for words. How compressed the lips! How
+tense the attitude! The hands gripped in the angriest sort of
+impatience! Mark the subtle mingling of seaman and burgher in the poise
+and figures. Mark particularly Van Tromp's stiffened forefinger on his
+staff.
+
+Is the fate of L19 the fruit of our artist's stinging reminder that
+Holland once had nobler spirits and braver days?
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: VAN TROMP AND DE RUYTER
+
+"So long as you permit Zeppelins to cross our land you surely should
+cease to boast of our deeds."
+
+Whenever a Dutchman wishes to speak of the great past of his country he
+calls to mind the names of these heroes.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+WAR AND CHRIST
+
+The deliberate war made by Prussia in all those areas which she can
+reach or occupy against the symbols and sacred objects of the Christian
+faith is a phenomenon in every way worthy of consideration. It is
+clearly not a matter of accident. The bombardment at Rheims Cathedral,
+for example, can be proved to have been deliberate. It had no military
+object; and the subsequent attempts to manufacture a military reason for
+it only produced a version of the occurrence not only incredible but in
+flat contradiction to the original admissions of the Germans themselves.
+But such episodes as those of Rheims and Louvain merely attract the
+attention of the world because of the celebrity of the outraged shrines.
+All who are familiar with the facts know that deliberate sacrilege no
+less than deliberate rape and deliberate murder has everywhere marked
+the track of the German army.
+
+The offence has been malignant. That does not, of course, mean that it
+has been irrational; quite the contrary. One fully admits that Prussia,
+being what she is, has every cause to hate the Cross, and every motive
+to vent the agonized fury of a lost soul upon things sacred to the God
+she hates.
+
+The moral suggested by this cartoon of Raemaekers' must not be confused
+with the ridiculous and unhistoric pretence that war itself is
+essentially unchristian. When Mr. Bernard Shaw, if I remember right,
+drew from the affair of Rheims the astonishing moral that we cannot have
+at the same time "glorious wars and glorious cathedrals," he might
+surely have remembered that the age in which Rheims Cathedral was built,
+whatever else it was, was not an age of Pacifism. The insult to Jesus
+Christ is not in the sword (which in His own words He came to bring),
+but in the profanation of the sword. It is in cruelty, injustice,
+treachery, unbridled lust, the worship of unrighteous strength--in fact,
+in all that can be summed up in the single word "Prussia."
+
+                                                      CECIL CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: WAR AND CHRIST]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+BARBED WIRE
+
+Save for the spiked helmets, the gruesome figures in the foreground of
+this cartoon might have belonged in life to any one of the warring
+nationalities. It is a noteworthy fact, however, that not one of the
+nations at war has shown so little care for its dead as Germany, whose
+corpses lie and rot on every front on which they are engaged.
+
+The world cannot blame Germany for the introduction of barbed wire as an
+accessory of war, though it is well known that German wire surpasses any
+other in sheer devilish ingenuity; not that it is more effective as an
+entanglement, but its barbs are longer, and are set more closely
+together, than in the wire used by other nationalities; it is, in short,
+more frightful, and thus is in keeping with the rest of the accessories
+of the German war machine.
+
+But this in the cartoon is normal barbed wire, with its normal burden.
+One may question whether the All-Highest War Lord, who in the course of
+his many inspections of the various fronts must have seen sights like
+this, is ever troubled by the thought that these, his men, lie and hang
+thus for his pleasure, that their ghastly fate is a part of his glorious
+plan. He set out to remake the world, and here is one of the many
+results--broken corpses in the waste.
+
+Part of the plan, broken corpses in the waste. By the waste and the
+corpses that he made shall men remember the author and framer of this
+greatest war.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: BARBED WIRE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE HIGHER POLITICS
+
+There is a significance in this cartoon which I believe will appeal much
+more strongly to the firing line than to Home. The Front distrusts
+politics, and especially the higher politics. That means the juggling
+and wire-pulling of the Chancelleries, and the Front has an uneasy
+conviction that at the subtleties and craftiness and cunning of the
+diplomatic game we cannot compete with "The Bosche." Hard knocks and
+straight fighting the Front does understand, and at that game are
+cheerfully confident of winning in the long run.
+
+It would be bitter news to the fighting men that any peace had been
+patched up on any terms but those the Allies soon or late will be in a
+position to dictate, to lay down and say flatly, "Take them and have
+Peace; or leave them and go on getting licked." The Front doesn't like
+War. No man who has endured the horrors and savagery and "blood, mud,
+and misery" of civilized warfare could pretend to like it. No man who
+has endured the long-drawn misery of manning the waterlogged trenches
+for days and weeks and months can look forward with anything but
+apprehension to another winter of war. No man who has attacked across
+the inferno of the shell-and-bullet-swept "neutral ground," or has hung
+on with tight-clenched teeth to the battered ruins of the forward fire
+trench under a murderous rain of machine-gun and rifle bullets, a
+howling tempest of shells, an earth-shaking tornado of high explosives,
+can but long for the day when Peace will be declared and these horrors
+will be no more than a past nightmare.
+
+But the Front will "stick it" for another winter or several winters,
+will go through many bitter attacks and counter-attacks to win the
+complete victory that will ensure, and alone will ensure, lasting peace.
+We know our limitations and our weaknesses. We admit that, as the
+American journalist bluntly put it, we are "poor starters," but we know
+just as surely he was right in completing the phrase, "but darn good
+finishers." Let the "higher politicians" on our side stand down and
+leave the fighting men to finish the argument. Let them keep the ring
+clear, and let the Front fight it out. The Front doesn't mind "taking
+the responsibility," and it will give "Kaiser Bill" and "Little Willie"
+all the responsibilities they can handle before the Great Game is over.
+
+                                                            BOYD CABLE.
+
+[Illustration: THE HIGHER POLITICS
+
+THE KAISER "We will propose peace terms; if they accept them, we are the
+gainers, if they refuse them, the responsibility will rest with them."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE LOAN GAME
+
+Raemaekers is pitiless, but never oversteps the truth. National Debts
+are ever national millstones, worn around the neck. They are worn
+unwillingly, and they are not ornamental; they are a burden, and the
+weight is sometimes crushing. A prospect of that sort seems to be the
+lot of several of the "Great Powers" of Europe for the remainder, and
+the greater portion, of the Twentieth Century. Though German
+"civilization" were more worthy of such a term and its associations as
+Kultur ten times over, would it become any Potentate and his advisers to
+impose it on so many countries at such a cost in suffering as all
+this--and more?
+
+But Kaiser Wilhelm and his crew of State-at-any-price men impose not on
+other peoples only: they impose on their own kith and kin. Look at these
+three sad and apprehensive figures playing the Loan Game--the first, the
+second, the third Loan! Children, says the artist, passing the coin from
+one hand to another's, and getting richer at each pass!! Yes, children,
+the German people treated so by a few dominies. State dominies and the
+Director (or dupe!) at Berlin! No people gains, every people loses by
+incurring a Debt; but in Germany, and to-day! to incur an indebtedness,
+contract a loss, does not suffice; the people must not know it.
+
+Even the children know that coin has not left them richer: many, very
+many Germans know the Kultur War to be ruinous: but Berlin must play the
+Game still, and assume that the tricks and aims cannot be understood! It
+is lack of regard for other nations carried into German Finance; and all
+because the bureaucratic military heart is a stone. The piling up of
+State paper goes on, but not merrily, as Michael goes from Darlehnkasse
+to Reichsbank, one, two, three (and is about to go the fourth time!).
+This game of processions to the Kasse does not increase the available
+wealth within beleaguered Germany: and the 100-mark Note has no
+reference to material wealth securing it.
+
+Now, the Commercial magnates of Germany realize the crushing fact--No
+indemnity possible!! and what of the Notes which are held? When shades
+of night fall heavily, and the Loan Game can be played no more, will the
+German people, tricked and impoverished, go to bed supperless and
+silent? German finance IS "a scrap of paper."
+
+                                                     W. M. J. WILLIAMS.
+
+[Illustration: WE DON'T UNDERSTAND THIS LOAN GAME
+
+In Germany there is a game by which children passing a coin from one to
+another are supposed to but do not get richer.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+A WAR OF RAPINE
+
+True, O Liebknecht, it is indeed a war of rapine, engendered, planned,
+and brought about by the nation to which you belong. Yet, foul as is
+that nation, its foulness is not greater than your futility, by which
+you show up the strength of that which you oppose with as much effect as
+our own Snowden and Casement can claim for their efforts to arrest the
+work of the Allies.
+
+Men who claim British birth claim also the quality of loyalty, as a
+rule, and thus there can be little sympathy with such a one as this
+Liebknecht, whom Raemaekers shows as a little ascetic in the presence of
+the sombre War Lord. It is part of the plan of Nature that every country
+shall breed men like this: men who are constitutionally opposed to the
+current of affairs, ridiculously futile, blatantly noisy, the type of
+which extreme Socialists and Syndicalists are made. Possessed of a
+certain obstinacy which is almost akin to courage, they accomplish
+nothing, save to remain in the public eye.
+
+Such is Liebknecht, apostle of a creed that would save the world by the
+gospel of mediocrity, were human nature other than it is. But, in
+considering this Liebknecht, let us not forget that he has no more love
+for England, or for any of the Allies, than the giant whom he attempts
+so vainly to oppose: he is an apostle, not of peace, but of mere
+obstruction, perhaps well-meaning in his way, but as futile as the Crown
+Prince, and as ludicrous.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: LUTHER-LIEBKNECHT IN THE REICHSTAG
+
+"It is a war of rapine! On that I take my stand. I cannot do otherwise."
+Liebknecht was the one member who protested against the war.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE DUTCH JUNKERS
+
+Some of these drawings remind us that the great cartoonist's message was
+primarily delivered to his own countrymen. They explain why he was
+accused, but not convicted, of endangering the neutrality of the
+Netherlands. He presents the German monster as a menace to all freedom,
+and not least to the freedom of the Dutch people. Germany's allies have
+sold theirs; they are harnessed to the Prussian war chariot, and must
+drag it whither the driver bids them, whip in hand. The nations in arms
+against Germany are fighting for their own and each other's freedom; and
+the neutrals stand looking anxiously on. Raemaekers warns them that
+their freedom too is at stake. He sees that it will disappear if the
+Allies fail in the struggle, and he shows his countrymen what they may
+expect.
+
+In every country there are some ignoble souls who would rather embrace
+servitude than fight for freedom. They have a conscientious objection
+to--danger. How far the Dutch Junkers deserve Raemaekers' satire it is
+not for foreigners to judge. But we know the type he depicts--the
+sporting "nuts," with their careful get-up, effeminate paraphernalia,
+and vacuous countenances. So long as they can wear a sporting costume
+and carry a gun they are prepared to take a menial place under a
+Prussian over-lord and submit with a feeble fatalism to the loss of
+national independence. It is light satire in keeping with the subject,
+and it provides a relief to the sombre tragedy which is the artist's
+prevailing mood.
+
+                                                           A. SHADWELL.
+
+[Illustration: THE DUTCH JUNKERS
+
+"At least we shall get posts as gamekeepers when Germany takes us after
+the war."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE WAR MAKERS
+
+    _Who are the Makers of Wars?_
+        The Kings of the Earth.
+
+    _And who are these Kings of the Earth?_
+        Only men--not always even men of worth,
+        But claiming rule by right of birth.
+
+    _And Wisdom?--does that come by birth?_
+        Nay then--too often the reverse.
+        Wise father oft has son perverse,
+        Solomon's son was Israel's curse.
+
+    _Why suffer things to reason so averse?_
+        It always has been so,
+        And only now does knowledge grow
+        To that high point where all men know--
+        Who would be free must strike the blow.
+
+    _And how long will man suffer so?_
+        Until his soul of Freedom sings,
+        And, strengthened by his sufferings,
+        He breaks the worn-out leading-strings,
+        And calls to stricter reckonings
+        Those costliest things--unworthy Kings.
+
+Here you have them!--Pilloried for all time!
+
+And what a crew! These pitiful self-seekers and their dupes!
+
+Not the least amazing phenomenon of these most amazing times is the fact
+that millions of men should consent to be hurled to certain death, and
+to permit the ruin of their countries, to satisfy the insensate
+ambitions of rulers, who, when all is said and done, are but men, and in
+some cases even of alien birth and personally not specially beloved by
+them.
+
+Surely one outcome of this world-war will be the birth of a new
+determination in every nation that its own voice and its own will shall
+control its own destinies--that no one man or self-appointed clique
+shall swing it to ruin for his or their own selfish purposes. Who pays
+the piper must in future call the tune.
+
+    "The world has suffered much too long.
+    O wonder of the ages--
+    O marvel of all time--
+    This wonderful great patience of the peoples!
+    How long, O Lord, how long?"
+
+The answer cannot come too soon for the good of the world.
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: VOX POPULI SUPREMA LEX
+
+The Kaiser: "Don't bother about your people, Tino. People only have to
+applaud what we say."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE CHRISTMAS OF KULTUR, A.D. 1915
+
+Mary, worn with grief and fear, covers her emaciated face with scarred
+hands, as she kneels in prayer before the infant Jesus. Joseph, grown
+old and feeble, nails up a barricade of planks to strengthen the door
+against the missiles of Kultur already bursting through it and
+threatening the sleeping child. So in that first Christmas, nineteen
+centuries ago, he saved Mary's child from the baby-massacre ordered by
+Herod to preserve his own throne.
+
+Kultur, the gathered wisdom of the ages, has brought us back to the same
+Holy War. What a Christmas! What a Festival of Peace and goodwill
+towards men!
+
+People ask: Why does God allow it? Is God dead? Foolish questions. When
+I was at school I had the good fortune to be under a great teacher whose
+name is honoured to-day. He used to tell us that the most terrible verse
+in the Bible was: "So He gave them up unto their own hearts' lust and
+they walked in their own counsels" (Ps. lxxxi, 13).
+
+Man has the knowledge of good and evil; he has eaten of the tree and
+insists on going his own way. He knows best. Is not this the age of
+science and Kultur? We must not cry out if the road we have chosen leads
+to disaster.
+
+Yet still the Child of Christmas lives and a divine light shines round
+His head. He sleeps.
+
+                                                           A. SHADWELL.
+
+[Illustration: CHRISTMAS EVE
+
+JOSEPH: "The Holy War is at the door!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SERBIA
+
+Genius has set forth the most brutal characteristic of the Hun. In
+moments of triumph, invariably he is the bully, and, as invariably, he
+wallows in brutality--witness Belgium under his iron heel and, in this
+cartoon, stricken Serbia impotent to ward off the blow about to be dealt
+by a monstrous fist. That is the Teuton conception of War, Merry War
+(_Lustige Krieg_)! In the English prize-ring we have an axiom indelibly
+impressed upon novices--"Follow up one stout blow with
+another--_quick_!" That, also, is the consummate art of war. But when a
+man is knocked out we don't savage him as he lies senseless at our feet.
+The Hun does. His axiom is--"As you are strong, be merciless!"
+
+In the small pig-eyes, in the gross, sensual lips, the mandril-like jaw,
+the misshapen ear, I see not merely a lifelike portrait of a Hun but a
+composite photograph of all Huns, something which should hang in every
+house in the kingdom until the terms of such a peace have been imposed
+which will make the shambles in Belgium, Poland, and Serbia an eternal
+nightmare of the past, never to be repeated in the future. And over the
+anæmic hearts of the Trevelyans, the Ramsay MacDonalds, the Arthur
+Ponsonbys, who dare to prattle of a peace that shall not humiliate
+Germany, I would have this cartoon tattooed, not in indigo, but in
+vermilion.
+
+If Ulysses Grant exacted from the gallant Robert Lee "Unconditional
+Surrender," and if our generation approves--as it does--that grim
+ultimatum, what will be the verdict of posterity should we as a
+nation--we who have been spared the unspeakable horrors under which
+other less isolated countries have been "bled white"--descend to the
+infamy of a compromise between the Powers of Darkness and Light? The
+Huns respect Force, and nothing else. Mercy provokes contempt and
+laughter. I hold no brief for reprisals upon helpless women and
+children; I am not an advocate of what is called the "commercial
+extermination of Germany"; but it is my sincerest conviction that
+criminals must be punished. The Most Highest War Lord and his people,
+not excluding the little children who held high holiday when the
+_Lusitania_ was torpedoed, are--CRIMINALS.
+
+HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.
+
+[Illustration: SERBIA]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE LAST OF THE RACE
+
+Raemaekers, the master of an infinite variety of moods and touch,
+reserves a special category of scorn for Von Tirpitz. Savage cruelty in
+war, the wanton destruction of life and property, the whole gospel of
+frightfulness--these things have been abandoned (so the historians tell
+us), not because savagery was bad morals but because it was the worst
+way of making war. It was wiser to take the enemy's property--and put it
+to your own use than to destroy it. If it was plundered it was wasted.
+It was wiser to spare men, women, and children, so that they should be
+better subjects if they remained conquered, less irreconcilable enemies,
+if they were restored to their old allegiance. Besides, murder, plunder,
+and rapine demoralized your men. They made them less efficient troops
+for fighting. Doubtless the argument is sound. But it would never have
+been accepted had not the horrors of savagery been utterly loathsome and
+repulsive to the nations that abandoned them.
+
+Conventions in the direction of humanity are not, then, _artificial_
+restrictions in the use of force. They are natural restrictions, because
+all Christian and civilized people would far rather observe them than
+not. Germany has revelled in abandoning every restraint. Raemaekers
+shows the cruelty, the wickedness of this in scores of his drawings.
+Here it is its folly that he emphasizes.
+
+The submarine is no longer a death-dealing terror. It has become a
+blubbering fish. And the author of its crimes is no diabolical triton,
+but a semi-imbecile old dotard, round whom his evil--but
+terrified--brood have clustered; they fawning on him in terror, he
+fondling them in shaky, decrepit fondness. Note the flaccid paunch, the
+withered top, and the foolish, hysterical face. How the full-dress
+cocked hat shames his nakedness!
+
+And this, remember, is the German High Admiral as history will know him,
+when the futility of his crimes is proved, their evil put out of memory,
+and only their foolishness remains!
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: THE LAST OF THE RACE
+
+VON TIRPITZ: No, my dears, I'm not sending any more of you to those
+wicked English; the survivors shall go to the Zoo."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE CURRICULUM
+
+The nations are being educated amain, let us hope. Germany has prided
+herself on her education, her learning, and on her Kultur. To-day she is
+beyond the calculation of all that foresight which has been her boast,
+and foible. Human nature, other than German, has not been on the
+national curriculum, and, as in other departments of study, what has not
+been reduced to rule and line is beyond the ken and apprehension. How
+stupendously wrong a Power which could count, and into a European War!
+on insurrection in India, the Cape, and other parts of the British
+Empire! and how naïvely did Herr von Bethmann-Hollweg disclose the
+_Zeitgeist_ of German rulers when with passion he declared Britain to be
+going to war for "a scrap of paper!" A purpose to serve, a treaty
+becomes "a scrap"--in German courtly hands.
+
+The artist depicts a scene, with masterly pencil, where Von
+Bethmann-Hollweg himself is charged by the All-Highest to be
+schoolmaster. It is a grim department of the training. Think of the
+unseen as well as that shown. What you do see is the lordly, truculent
+Kaiser, raising that menacing finger again. In spacious chair, he sits
+defiant, aggressive, as a ferocious captain; and there opposite is the
+"great Chancellor," bent, submissive, apprehensive, tablet and pencil
+ready to take down the very word of Kaiserly wisdom and will. What is
+it? The day's fare for a week! reaching a climax of "No dinner" on
+Saturday, and "Hate" on Sunday! Educative! of course it will be.
+
+Some day, not so far, even the German people will not regard the orders
+of the Army and Navy Staff, the cruel mercies of the Junkers, as a
+revelation of Heaven's will. Three pounds of sugar for a family's
+monthly supply will educate, even when the gospel of force has been
+preached for fifty years to a docile people. Many of us are in "a strait
+betwixt two" as we see how thousands of inoffensive old men, women, and
+children are made to suffer, are placed by the All-Highest in this
+Copper and Hate School. It is not this, that, and the other that causes
+this, but the Director of the School, who does not, while the miserable
+scholars do, know what it is to endure "No dinner," not only on
+Saturdays, but many other days. And all to gratify the mad projectors
+imposing Kultur on an unwilling world!
+
+                                                     W. M. J. WILLIAMS.
+
+[Illustration: THE NEW SCHOOL CURRICULUM
+
+William: "Write it down, schoolmaster--Monday shall be Copper Day,
+Tuesday, Potato Day, Wednesday, Leather Day; Thursday, Gold Day, Friday,
+Rubber Day; Saturday, No Dinner Day; and Sunday, Hate Day!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE DUTCH JOURNALIST TO HIS BELGIAN CONFRÈRE
+
+Whether the type here taken is a true criticism of a commercial attitude
+in a neutral State like Holland, it does not become us to discuss.
+Raemaekers is a Dutchman, and doubtless a patriotic Dutchman. And the
+patriot, and the patriot alone, has not only the right but the duty of
+criticising his own country.
+
+For us it is better to regard the figure as an international, and often
+anti-national, character who exists in all nations, and who, even in a
+belligerent country like our own, can often contrive to be neutral and
+worse than neutral. A prosperous bully with the white waistcoat and
+coarse, heavily cuffed hands, with which such prosperity very frequently
+clothes itself, is represented as thrusting food in the starved face of
+an evicted Belgian and saying: "Eat and hold your tongue."
+
+The situation is worthy of such record, if only because it emphasizes an
+element in the general German plot against the world which is often
+forgotten in phrases about fire and sword. The Prussianized person is
+not only a military tyrant; he is equally and more often a mercantile
+tyrant. And what is in this respect true of the German is as true or
+truer of the Pro-German.
+
+The cosmopolitan agent of Prussia is a commercial agent, and works by
+those modern methods of bribing and sacking, of boycott and blackmail,
+which are not only meaner, but often more cruel, than militarism. For
+any one who realizes the power of such international combinations, there
+is the more credit due to the artists and men of letters who, like
+Raemaekers himself, have decisively chosen their side while the issue
+was very doubtful. And among the Belgian confrères there must certainly
+have been many who showed as much courage as any soldier, when they
+decided not to eat and be silent, but to starve and to speak.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: THE DUTCH JOURNALIST TO HIS BELGIAN CONFRÈRE: "Eat and
+hold your tongue."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+A BORED CRITIC
+
+From Homeric warfare to subterranean conflict of modern trenches is a
+far cry, and Ares, God of Battles, may well yawn at the entertainment
+with which the Demon of War is providing him. But the spectator of this
+grim "revue" lacks something of the patience of its creator, and our
+Mephistopheles, marking the god's protest, will doubtless hurry the
+scene and diversify it with new devilries to restore his interest.
+Indeed, that has happened since Raemaekers made his picture.
+
+The etiquette of butchery has become more complicated since Troy fell,
+yet it has been so far preserved till now that the fiend measures Ares
+with his eyes and speculates as to how far the martial god may be
+expected to tolerate his novel engines. Will asphyxiating gas, and
+destruction of non-combatants and neutrals on land and sea, trouble him?
+Or will he demand the rules of the game, and decline to applaud this
+satire on civilization, although mounted and produced regardless of cost
+and reckoning?
+
+As the devil's own entertainment consists in watching the effects of his
+masterpiece on this warlike spectator, so it may be that those who
+"staged" the greatest war in mankind's history derive some bitter
+instruction from its reception by mankind. They know now that it is
+condemned by every civilized nation on earth; and before these lines are
+published their uncivilized catspaws will have ample reason to condemn
+it also. Neutrals there must be, but impartials none.
+
+The sense and spirit of the thinking world now go so far with human
+reason that they demand a condition of freedom for all men and nations,
+be they weak or powerful. That ideal inspires the majority of human
+kind, and it follows that the evolution of morals sets strongly on the
+side of the Allies.
+
+"War," says Bernhardi, "gives a biologically just decision, since its
+decisions rest on the very nature of things." So be it.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: "I say, do suggest something new. This is becoming too
+boring."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"The Peace Woman"
+
+In this humorous yet pathetic cartoon--humorous because of its truth to
+the type, and pathetic because of the futility of the effort
+depicted--with unfailing skill the artist shows the folly of the cry
+"Peace! Peace!" when there is none. In the forefront is a type of woman
+publicist who can never be happy unless the limelight secured by vocal
+effort and the advocacy of a "crazy" cause is focussed upon her. She
+calls "Peace!" that the world may hear, not attend. Behind her stands
+that other type of detached "peace woman," who has, judging from her
+placid yet grieved expression, apparently scarcely realized that the War
+is too serious and has its genesis in causes too deep-rooted to be
+quelled by her or her kind. One can imagine her saying: "A war! How
+terrible! It must be stopped."
+
+The soldier, who is wise enough to prefer armour-plate even to a shield
+provided by substantially built peace women clad in white, looks on
+amused. The thinking world as a whole so looks on at "Arks" launched by
+American millionaire motor manufacturers, and at Pacifist Conferences
+held whilst the decision as to whether civilization or savagery shall
+triumph, and might be greater than right, yet hangs in the balance.
+There must be no thought of peace otherwise than as the ultimate reward
+of gallant men fighting in a just cause, and until with it can come
+permanent security from the "Iron Fist" of Prussian Militarism and
+aggression, and the precepts of Bernhardi and his kind are shown to be
+false. Those who talk of peace in the midst of "frightfulness," of
+piracy, of reckless carnage and colossal sacrifices of human life which
+are the fruits of an attempt to save by military glory a crapulous
+dynasty, however good their intention, lack both mental and moral
+perspective.
+
+                                                         CLIVE HOLLAND.
+
+[Illustration:
+
+THE PEACE WOMAN: "We will march in white before our sons."
+
+THE NEUTRAL SOLDIER: "Madam, we would prefer the protection of an
+armour-plate."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE SELF-SATISFIED BURGHER
+
+The artist has depicted the ordinary attitude of a self-satisfied
+burgher not only in Holland but in other countries also. "What does it
+matter if we are annexed afterwards, so long as we remain neutral now?"
+That is the sort of speech made by selfish merchants in some of the
+neutral countries, especially those of Scandinavian origin. It is really
+a variety of the old text: "Let us eat, drink, and be merry; for
+to-morrow we die." Why not, it is urged, make the best of present
+facilities? As long as we are left alone we can pursue our ordinary
+industrialism. We can heap up our percentages and profits. Our trade is
+in a fairly flourishing condition, and we are making money. No one knows
+what the future may bring; why, therefore, worry about it? Besides, if
+the worst comes to the worst and Germany annexes us, are we quite sure
+that we shall be in a much worse condition than we are now? It will be
+to the interest of Berlin that we should carry on our usual industrial
+occupations. Our present liberty will probably not be interfered with,
+and a change of masters does not always mean ruin.
+
+So argues the self-satisfied burgher. If life were no more than a mere
+matter of getting enough to eat and drink and of having a balance at the
+banker's, his view of the case might pass muster. But a national life
+depends on spiritual and ideal interests, just as a man's life
+"consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth."
+Freedom is the only principal of growth, and freedom is the one thing
+which German militarism desires to make impossible for all those whom
+she gathers into her fold. The loss of liberty means the ruin of all
+those ends for which a State exists. Even the material prosperity which
+the self-satisfied burgher desires will be definitely sacrificed by a
+submission to Teutonic autocracy.
+
+                                                        W. L. COURTNEY.
+
+[Illustration: THE SELF-SATISFIED BURGHER
+
+"What does it matter if we're annexed afterwards, so long as we remain
+neutral now?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE DECADENT
+
+War is a fiery winnower of incapacities. Many reputations have gone to
+the scrap-heap since August, 1914. None more surely than that of the
+braggart Crown Prince. It is said that this terrible catastrophe was
+largely of his bringing about and his great desire and hope.
+
+Well--he has got his desire, and more than he expected.
+
+He was going to do mighty things--to smash through the frontier and lead
+the German hordes triumphantly through France. And what has he done?
+
+In the treacherous surprise of the moment he got across the frontier,
+and there the weighty French fist met the Imperial optic, and has since
+developed many stars in it. He has been held, wasting men, time,
+opportunity, and his own little apology for a soul. He has done nothing
+to justify his position or even his existence. He has wrecked his
+home-life by wanton indulgence. He has made himself notorious by his
+private lootings of the châteaux cursed with his presence.
+
+Even in 1870 the native cupidity of the far finer breed of conquerors
+could not resist the spoils of war, and, to their eternal disgrace,
+trainloads of loot were sent away to decorate German homes--as burglars'
+wives might wear the jewellery acquired by their adventurous menfolk in
+the course of their nefarious operations.
+
+But we never heard of "Unser Fritz," the then Crown Prince, ransacking
+the mansions he stayed in. He was a great man and a good--the very last
+German gentleman. And this decadent is his grandson!
+
+"Unser Fritz" was a very noble-looking man. His grandson--oh, well, look
+at him and judge for yourselves! Of a surety the sight is calculated to
+heighten one's amazement that any nation under the sun, or craving it,
+could find in such a personality, even as representative of a once great
+but now exploding idea, anything whatever even to put up with, much less
+to worship and die for.
+
+The race of Hohenzollern has wilted and ravelled out to this. The whole
+world, outside Prussia, devoutly hopes ere long to have seen the last of
+it.
+
+It has been at all times, with the single exception above noted, a
+hustling, grabbing, self-seeking race. May the eyes of Germany soon be
+opened! Then, surely, it will be thrust back into the obscurity whence
+heaven can only have permitted it to escape for the flagellation of a
+world which was losing its ideals and needed bracing back with a sharp,
+stern twist.
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: SEPTEMBER, 1914, AND SEPTEMBER, 1915
+
+1914: "Now the war begins as we like it."
+
+1915: "But this is not as I wished it to continue."
+(Published after the French success in Champagne)]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LIQUID FIRE
+
+When one sits down to think, there are few things in connection with the
+devastating War now raging, wild-beast-like, almost throughout the
+length and breadth of Europe, so appalling as the application of science
+and man's genius to the work of decimating the human species.
+
+Early in the conflict, which is being fought for the basal principles of
+civilization and moral human conduct, one was made to realize that the
+Allied Powers were opposed to an enemy whose resources were only
+equalled by his utter negation of the rules of civilized warfare. Soon,
+to the horrors of machine-guns and of high-explosive shells of a calibre
+and intensity of destructive force never before known, were added the
+diabolical engines for pouring over the field of battle asphyxiating
+gases. We know the horrors of that mode of German "frightfulness," and
+some of us have seen its effects in the slowly dying victims in
+hospitals. But that was not enough. Yet other methods of "frightfulness"
+and savagery, which would have disgraced the most ruthless conquerors of
+old, were to be applied by the German Emperor in his blasphemous "Gott
+mit uns" campaign. And against the gallant sons of Belgium, France,
+England, and Russia in turn were poured out with bestial ingenuity the
+jets and curtains of "liquid fire" which seared the flesh and blinded
+the eyes. For this there will be a reckoning if God be still in heaven
+whilst the world trembles with the shock of conflict, and the souls of
+men are seared.
+
+Raemaekers in this cartoon shows not only the horror of such a method of
+warfare, but also, with unerring pencil, the unwavering spirit of the
+men who have to meet this "frightfulness." There is a land to be
+redeemed, and women and children to be avenged, and so the fighting men
+of the allied nations go gallantly on with their stern, amazed faces set
+towards victory.
+
+                                                         CLIVE HOLLAND.
+
+[Illustration: LIQUID FIRE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+NISH AND PARIS
+
+Very happily and very graphically has Raemaekers here pointed the
+contrast between the Gargantuan hopes with which the Kaiser and his
+Junker army embarked on the War, and the exiguous and shadowy fruits of
+their boasted victories up to the present. They foretold a triumphal
+entry into the conquered capital of France within a month of the opening
+of hostilities. Yet the irony of Fate has, slowly but surely, cooled the
+early fever of anticipation. The only captured town where the
+All-Highest has found an opportunity of lifting his voice in exultant
+pæan is Nish, a secondary city of the small kingdom of Serbia. There,
+too, he perforce delayed his jubilation until the lapse of some eighteen
+months after the date provisionally and prematurely fixed in the first
+ebullition of overconfidence, for his triumphal procession through
+Paris.
+
+Nish is a town of little more than 20,000 inhabitants; about the size of
+Taunton or Hereford--smaller than Woking or Dartford. Working on a basis
+of comparative populations, the Emperor would have to repeat without
+more delay his bravery at Nish in 150 towns of the same size before he
+could convince his people that he is even now on the point of fulfilling
+his first rash promises to them of the rapid overthrow of his foes.
+Pursuing the same calculation, he is bound to multiply his present
+glories 350 times before he can count securely on spending a night as
+conquering hero in Buckingham Palace.
+
+Even the Kaiser must know in his heart that woefully, from his own and
+his people's point of view, did he overestimate his strength at the
+outset. For the time he contents himself with the backwater of Nish for
+the scene of his oratory of conquest. His vainglorious words may well
+prove in their environment the prelude of a compulsory confession of
+failure, which is likely to come at a far briefer interval than the
+eighteen months which separate the imaginary hope of Paris from the
+slender substance of Nish.
+
+                                                            SIDNEY LEE.
+
+[Illustration: THE TRIALS OF A COURT PAINTER
+
+"I commenced this as the entry into Paris, but I must finish it as the
+entry into Nish."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND!
+
+In these sombre times one is grateful for a touch of humour, and it
+would perhaps be impossible to conceive in all created nature a
+spectacle so exquisitely ludicrous as the appearance of the Prussian in
+the guise of a Wronged Man. For, of course, it is the very foundation of
+the Prussian theory that there can be no such thing as a wronged man.
+Might is right. That which physical force has determined and shall
+determine is the only possible test of justice. That was the diabolic
+but at least coherent philosophy upon which the Kingdom of Prussia was
+originally based and upon which the German Empire created by Prussia
+always reposed.
+
+Nor was that philosophy--which among other things dictated this
+war--ever questioned, much less abandoned, by the Germans so long as it
+seemed probable to the world and certain to them that they were destined
+to win. Now that it has begun to penetrate even into their mind that
+they are probably going to lose, we find them suddenly blossoming out as
+pacifists and humanitarians.
+
+Especially are they indignant at the "cruelty" of the blockade. It is
+not necessary to examine seriously a contention so obviously absurd. Any
+one acquainted with the history of war knows the blockade of an enemy's
+ports is a thing as old as war itself. Every one acquainted with the
+records of the last half-century knows that Prussia owes half her
+prestige to the reduction of Paris in 1871--effected solely by the
+starvation of its civilian inhabitants.
+
+But the irony goes deeper than that. Look at the face of the Prussian in
+"Raemaekers' Cartoons" and you will understand why Germans in America,
+Holland, and other neutral countries are now talking pacifism and
+exuding humanitarian sentiment. You will understand why the German
+Chancellor says that in spite of the victorious march of Germany from
+victory to victory his tender heart cannot but plead for the dreadful
+sufferings of the unhappy, though criminal, Allies. Then you will laugh;
+which is good in days like these.
+
+                                                      CECIL CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND!
+
+"Now she prevents my sending goods by the Holland route!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE PACIFICIST KAISER (THE CONFEDERATES)
+
+From time to time of late the Kaiser has posed as the champion of peace.
+His official spokesman, Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg, has announced the
+Imperial readiness to stay the war--on his master's own terms, which he
+disdains to define precisely.
+
+The Emperor and his advisers are involved in a tangle of miscalculations
+which infest the conduct of the war alike in the field of battle and the
+council-chamber. But no wild imaginings could encourage a solid hope
+that the Chancellor's peaceful professions would be taken seriously by
+anybody save his own satellites. Loudly the compliant Minister vaunted
+in the Reichstag his country's military successes, but he could point to
+no signs either of any faltering in military preparations on the part of
+the Allies, or of their willingness to entertain humiliating conditions
+of peace.
+
+Even in Germany clear visions acknowledge that Time is fighting
+valiantly on the side of Germany's foes, and that peace can only come
+when the Central Powers beg for it on their knees.
+
+It is improbable that the Kaiser and his Chancellor now harbour many
+real illusions about the future, although they may well be anxious to
+disguise even to themselves the ultimate issues at stake in the war.
+Their home and foreign policy seems to be conceived in the desperate
+spirit of the gambler. They appear to be recklessly speculating on the
+chances of a pacificist rôle conciliating the sympathy of neutrals. They
+count on the odds that they may convert the public opinion of
+non-combatant nations to the erroneous belief that Germany is the
+conqueror, and that further resistance to her is futile. But so far the
+game has miscarried. The recent German professions of zeal for peace
+fell in neutral countries on deaf or impatient ears. The braggart
+bulletins of the German Press Bureau have been valued at their true
+worth. Neutral critics have found in Bethmann-Hollweg's cry for peace
+mere wasted breath
+
+The Chancellor and his master are perilously near losing among neutrals
+the last shreds of reputation for political sagacity.
+
+                                                            SIDNEY LEE.
+
+[Illustration: THE CONFEDERATES
+
+"Did they believe that peace story in the Reichstag, Bethmann?"
+"Yes, but the Allies didn't."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DINANT
+
+During the joint expedition to Peking, all the other contingents were
+horrified at the cruelty of the German troops. I have heard how on one
+occasion a number of Chinese women were watching a German regiment at
+drill, when suddenly the commanding officer ordered his men to open fire
+upon them. When remonstrated with, he replied that terrorism was humane
+in the end, because it made the enemy desire peace. For some reason,
+these atrocities were not very widely known in England; and no one
+dreamed that such infernal crimes would ever be perpetrated in European
+war. But such are indeed the calculated methods of Germany; and her
+officers began to order them as soon as her troops crossed the Belgian
+frontier. The German military authorities advise that terrorism should
+be used sparingly when there is danger of reprisals. Accordingly, though
+many abominable things have been done to civilians in France and Russia,
+and to ourselves when opportunity offered, the worst atrocities were
+committed in Belgium, because Belgium is a small country, which had
+dispensed with universal military service in reliance on the
+international guarantee of her security. These events of the first month
+of the war are in danger of being forgotten, now that Germany is
+contending on equal terms against the great nations of Europe. But they
+must not be forgotten. We are fighting against a nation which thinks it
+good policy to massacre non-combatants, provided only that the sons and
+brothers of the victims are not in a position to retaliate.
+
+                                                            W. R. INGE.
+
+[Illustration: DINANT--I SEE FATHER.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"HESPERIA" (WOUNDED FIRST)
+
+Sailors of all nationality except German have from time immemorial
+looked upon themselves as the guardians and protectors of land folk at
+sea.
+
+That is why every sailor in the world, outside the doggeries of Hamburg,
+felt his calling spat upon and his personal pride injured by the sinking
+of the _Lusitania_--by a sailor.
+
+It seemed that nothing could be worse than that, and then came the
+sinking of the _Hesperia_, a ship filled with wounded soldiers and
+Hospital nurses.
+
+Raemaekers brings the fact home to us in this cartoon, not the fact of
+the English nurses' heroism, which goes without saying, but of German
+low-down common infamy. The fact has become so commonplace, so
+accustomed, so everyday that pictures of burning cathedrals, murdered
+children, and terrified women no longer move us as they did, but this
+artist, whose command of language seems as infinite and varied as the
+crimes of the criminals whom God sent him to scourge, has always some
+stroke in reserve, something to add to what he has said, if need be. In
+the case of this picture it is the medicine bottle, glass, and spoon
+flying off the shelf, flung to the floor by the bursting charge of
+Tri-nitro-toluine that adds the last touch as distinctive as the
+artist's signature.
+
+                                                  H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.
+
+[Illustration: Another kind of heroism--the sinking of the Hospital Ship
+_Hesperia_ (Wounded First)]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+GALLIPOLI
+
+It is a fine touch, or a fortunate accident, in this sketch of
+Raemaekers' that it depicts the officer who has made the mistake as
+exhibiting the spruceness of a Prussian, and the officer who has found
+out the mistake as having the comparatively battered look of an old
+Turk. The moustaches of the Young Turk are modelled on the Kaiser's,
+spikes pointing to heaven like spires; while those of his justly
+incensed superior officer hang loose like those of a human being. The
+difference is in any case symbolic; for the sort of instinctive and
+instantaneous self-laudation satirized in this cartoon is much more one
+of the vices of the new Germany than of the antiquated Islam. That
+spirit is not easy to define; and it is easy to confuse it with much
+more pardonable things. Every people can be jingo and vainglorious; it
+is the mark of this spirit that the instinct to be so acts before any
+other instinct can act, even those of surprise or anger. Every people
+emphasizes and exaggerates its victories more than its defeats. But this
+spirit emphasizes its defeats as victories. Every national calamity has
+its consolations; and a nation naturally turns to them as soon as it
+reasonably can. But it is the stamp of this spirit that it always thinks
+of the consolation _before_ it even thinks of the calamity. It abounds
+throughout the whole press of the German Empire. But it is most shortly
+shown in this figure of the young officer, who makes a hero of himself
+before he has even fully realized that he has made a fool of himself.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: GALLIPOLI
+
+TURKISH GENERAL: "What are you firing at? The British evacuated the
+place twenty-four hours ago!"
+
+"Sorry, sir--but what a glorious victory!]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE BEGINNING OF THE EXPIATION
+
+It is sometimes an unpleasant necessity to insult a man, in order to
+make him understand that he is being insulted. Indeed, most strenuous
+and successful appeals to an oppressed populace have involved something
+of this paradox. We talk of the demagogue flattering the mob; but the
+most successful demagogue generally abuses it. The men of the crowd rise
+in revolt, not when they are addressed as "Citizens!" but when they are
+addressed as "Slaves!"
+
+If this be true even of men daily disturbed by material discomfort and
+discontent, it is much truer of those cases, not uncommon in history, in
+which the slave has been soothed with all the external pomp and luxury
+of a lord. So prophets have denounced the wanton in a palace or the
+puppet on a throne; and so the Dutch caricaturist denounces the gilded
+captivity of the Austrian Monarchy, of which the golden trappings are
+golden chains.
+
+But for such a purpose a caricaturist is better than a prophet, and
+comic pictures better than poetical phrases. It is very vital and
+wholesome, even for his own sake, to insult the Austrian. He ought to be
+insulted because he is so much more respectable than the Prussian, who
+ought not to be insulted, but only kicked. If Austria feels no shame in
+letting the Holy Roman Empire become the petty province of an Unholy
+Barbarian Empire, if such high historic symbols no longer affect her, we
+can only tell her, in as ugly a picture as possible, that she is a
+lackey carrying luggage.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: THE BEGINNING OF THE EXPIATION]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE SHIRKERS
+
+Current experience is proving that war is a grim condition of life, and
+that none can escape its effects. No religious or philosophic precept is
+potent enough in practical application to prevent its outbreak or to
+stay its course. The strong man of military age, who claims the right to
+pursue normal peaceful avocations when his country is at war, pleads
+guilty, however involuntarily, to aberrations of both mind and heart.
+
+There are few who do not conscientiously cherish repugnance for war, but
+practically none of those to whom so natural a sentiment makes most
+forcible appeal deem it a man's part to refuse a manifest personal call
+of natural duty. The conscientious objector to combatant service may in
+certain rare cases deserve considerate treatment, but very short shrift
+should await the able-bodied men who, from love of ease or fear of
+danger, simulate conscientious objection in order to evade a righteous
+obligation.
+
+Lack of imagination may be at times as responsible for the sin of the
+shirker as lack of courage. Patriotism is an instinct which works as
+sluggishly among the unimaginative as among the cowardly and the
+selfish. The only cure for the sluggish working of the patriotic
+instinct among the cowardly and the selfish is the sharp stimulus of
+condign punishment. But among the unimaginative it may be worth
+experimenting by way of preliminary with earnest and urgent appeals to
+example such as is offered not only by current experience, but also by
+literature and history. No shirkers would be left if every subject of
+the Crown were taught to apprehend the significance of Henley's
+interrogation:
+
+    What have I done for you,
+      England, my England?
+    What is there I would not do,
+      England, my own?
+
+                                                            SIDNEY LEE.
+
+[Illustration: THE SHIRKERS]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ONE OF THE KAISER'S MANY MISTAKES
+
+Louis Botha--we touch our hats to you!
+
+You are supremely and triumphantly one of the Kaiser's many mistakes.
+You have proved yourself once again a capable leader and a man among
+men. You have proved him once more incapable of apprehending the meaning
+of the word honour. You are an honourable man. Even as a foe you fought
+us fair and we honoured you. You have valiantly helped to dig the grave
+of his dishonour and have proved him a fool. We thank you! And we thank
+the memory of the clear-visioned men of those old days who, in spite of
+the clamour of the bats, persisted in tendering you and yours that right
+hand of friendship which you have so nobly justified.
+
+You fought us fair. You have uprisen from the ashes of the past like the
+Phoenix of old. You are Briton with the best.
+
+Fair fight breeds no ill-will. It is the man, and the nation, that
+fights foul and flings God and humanity overboard that lays up for
+itself stores of hatred and outcastry and scorn which the ages shall
+hardly efface.
+
+And Germany once was great, and might have been greater.
+
+Delenda est Germania!--so far as Germania represents the Devil and all
+his works.
+
+The following lines were written fourteen years ago when we welcomed the
+end of the Boer War. We are all grateful that the hope therein expressed
+has been so amply fulfilled. That it has been so is largely due to the
+wisdom and statesmanship of Louis Botha.
+
+    No matter now the rights and wrongs of it;
+    You fought us bravely and we fought you fair.
+    The fight is done. Grip hands! No malice bear!
+    We greet you, brothers, to the nobler strife
+    Of building up the newer, larger life!
+
+    Join hands! Join hands! Ye nations of the stock!
+    And make henceforth a mighty Trust for Peace;--
+    A great enduring peace that shall withstand
+    The shocks of time and circumstance; and every land
+    Shall rise and bless you--and shall never cease
+    To bless you--for that glorious gift of Peace.
+
+Germany, if she had so willed, could have come into that hoped-for Trust
+for Peace.
+
+But Germany would not. She put her own selfish interests before all else
+and so digs her own grave.
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: BOTHA TO BRITAIN
+
+"I have carried out everything in accordance with our compact at
+Vereeniging."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+BELGIUM IN HOLLAND
+
+In the present crisis of Belgian affairs there is much to remind the
+historical student of the events which led to the fall of Antwerp in
+1585, and the outrageous invasion of the Southern Netherlands by the
+army of Parma. Then, as now, Holland opened her arms to her wounded and
+captive sister. The best Flemish scholars and men of letters emigrated
+to the land where Cornheert and Spieghel welcomed them.
+
+Merchants and artisans flocked to a new sphere of energy in Amsterdam.
+Several of the professorial chairs in that city, and in the great
+universities of Leyden and Harderwijk, were filled by learned Flemings,
+and the arts, that had long been flourishing in Brussels, fled northward
+to escape from the desolating Spanish scourge. The grim pencil of
+Raemaekers becomes tender whenever he touches upon the relation of the
+tortured Belgium to her sister, Holland, his own beloved fatherland.
+
+We do not know yet, in this country, a tithe of the sacrifices which
+have been made in Holland to staunch the tears of Belgium. "Your
+sufferings are mine, and so are your fortunes," has been the motto of
+the loyal Dutch.
+
+                                                          EDMUND GOSSE.
+
+[Illustration: THE PROMISE
+
+"We shall never sheath the sword until Belgium recovers all, and more
+than all that she has sacrificed."--Mr. Asquith, 9th November, 1914.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SERBIA
+
+The fight of the one and the four might, in view of the difference in
+the size of the combatants, be called quite fairly "the fight of the one
+and the fifty-three." Each of the assailants has his own character.
+Germany is represented as a ferocious giant; Austria follows Prussia's
+lead, a little the worse for wear, with a bandaged head as the souvenir
+of his former campaign: he does his best to look and act like Germany.
+Bulgaria loses not a moment, but puts his rifle to his shoulder to shoot
+the small enemy: he acts in his own way, according to his own character:
+kill the enemy as quickly as possible and seize the spoil, that is his
+principle. Turkey is a rather broken-down and dilapidated figure, who is
+preparing to use his bayonet, but has not got it quite ready. Serbia,
+erect, with feet firmly planted, stands facing the chief enemy, a little
+David against this big Goliath and his henchman, Austria; and the other
+two, so recently deadly foes, now standing shoulder to shoulder, attack
+him while his attention is directed on Germany.
+
+The leader and "hero" of this assault is Prussia, big, brutal,
+remorseless. The Dutch artist always concentrates the spectator's
+attention on him. You can almost hear the roar coming out of his mouth:
+"Gott strafe Serbien." This is the figure, as Raemaekers paints him,
+that goes straight for his object, regardless of moral considerations.
+Serbia is in his way, and Serbia must be trampled in the mire. The
+artist's sympathy is wholly with Serbia, who is pictured as the man
+fighting against the brute, slight but active and noble in build, facing
+this burly foe.
+
+And poor old Turkey! Always a figure of comedy, never ready in time,
+always ineffective, never fully able to use the weapons of so-called
+"civilization." Let it always be remembered that in the Gallipoli
+peninsula, when the Turks at first were taking no prisoners, but killing
+the wounded after their own familiar fashion with mutilation, for the
+sake of such spoil as could be carried away, Enver Pasha issued an order
+that thirty piastres should be paid for every prisoner brought in alive,
+a noble and humane regulation. Let us hope that the reward was always
+paid, not stolen on the way, as has been so often the case in Turkey.
+
+                                               WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.
+
+[Illustration: SERBIA
+
+"Now we can make an end of him."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+JACKALS IN THE POLITICAL FIELD
+
+When the tiger," says the naturalist, "has killed some large animal,
+such as a buffalo which he cannot consume at one time, the jackals
+collect round the carcase at a respectful distance and wait patiently
+until the tiger moves off. Then they rush from all directions, carousing
+upon the slaughtered buffalo, each anxious to eat as much as it can
+contain in the shortest time."
+
+The human jackal is one of the most squalid and sordid creatures and
+features of war. We saw him in Dublin the other day emerging from his
+slum den to loot Sackville Street. Every battlefield feeds its carrion
+beasts and birds.
+
+This picture of Belgium and its jackals is doubtless only too true. Mr.
+Raemakers and the Dutch have better means of knowing than we. The
+jackal, says the same naturalist, belongs to the _Canidæ_, the "dog
+tribe." The scientific name of the true dog is _Canis familiaris,_ "the
+household dog." The jackal is _Canis aureus_, the "gold dog." The
+epithet describes no doubt his colour. The human _Canis aureus_ perhaps
+deserves his title on not less obvious grounds.
+
+"The continent of Europe," the naturalist goes on, "is free from the
+jackal." It was supposed till yesterday to be free from the lion and
+tiger.
+
+But in the prehistoric times of the cave man, geologists say, there was
+both in England and Europe the great "sabre-tooth" tiger. Kipling, who
+knows everything about beasts, knows him and puts him into his "Story of
+Ung": "The sabre-tooth tiger dragging a man to his lair."
+
+To-day the cave tiger has come back and with him the cave jackal. There
+is a terrible beauty about the tiger. The jackal is a mean and hideous
+brute. But both are out of date. Did not Monsieur Capus say the other
+day that Europe "cannot allow a return of the cave epoch?"
+
+                                                        HERBERT WARREN.
+
+[Illustration: JACKALS IN THE POLITICAL FIELD
+
+JACKALS (Flemish Pro-Germans): "What he leaves of Belgium will be
+enough for us."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+A LETTER FROM THE GERMAN TRENCHES
+
+In this cartoon Raemaekers has contrived to indicate powerfully what is
+after all the dominant and peculiar note of the German people. No
+European nation has ever taken war--as people say so "seriously," that
+is, with so much concentration of attention and elaborate preparation,
+as has the German Empire. No people has ever had it so thoroughly
+drilled into its collective mind as have the German subjects of that
+Empire that war is not only, as all Christian people have always
+believed, an expedient lawful and necessary upon occasion, but a thing
+highly desirable in itself, nay, the principal function of a "superior"
+race and the main end of its being.
+
+And yet after all the actual German is never, like the Frenchman, a
+natural and instinctive warrior--any more than he is, like the
+Englishman, a natural and instinctive adventurer. The whole business of
+Prussian militarism, with the half-witted philosophy by which it is
+justified, has to be imposed upon him from without by his masters. He
+fights just as he works, just as he tortures, violates, and murders,
+because he is told to do so by persons in a superior position, holding
+themselves stiffly, dressed in uniform, and able to hit him in the face
+with a whip.
+
+Long before the war the absurd Koepenick incident gave us a glimpse of
+this astonishing docility on its farcical side. Its tragic side is well
+illustrated by the droves of helpless and inarticulate barbarians driven
+into the shambles daily (as at Verdun) for the sole purpose of covering
+up the blunders of their very "efficient" superiors. One could pity the
+wretches if there were not so considerable a leaven of wickedness in
+their stupidity.
+
+                                                      CECIL CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: A LETTER FROM THE GERMAN TRENCHES
+
+"We have gained a good bit, our cemeteries now extend as far as the
+sea."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HIS MASTER'S VOICE
+
+The manipulation of the Press is one of the weapons which Bismarck
+taught German Imperialism to use. Like others it has been developed by
+his successors into an instrument which the master himself would hardly
+have recognized. It is one of the most potent means of that "peaceful
+penetration" of all other countries which was nothing but a preparation
+for war. And it has been used in the war with a purposefulness of aim
+and a versatility of method that betoken long and systematic study. It
+is a ubiquitous influence and the most subtle of all. Yet the Press is
+held in greater contempt by official and other ruling circles in Germany
+than in any other country. They despise the tool, while tacitly
+acknowledging its utility by unsparing use.
+
+This curious state of things is the fault of the Press. What has
+rendered it such a pliant tool in the hands of German Imperialism is
+either credulity or venality; and both are contemptible qualities.
+Credulity is probably the more prevalent, at least in this country,
+where shoals of newspapers, blinded by their own prejudices, were the
+dupes of German duplicity. But there has been venality, too, both crude
+and subtle. The case of the "Vlaamsche Sten," here satirized by
+Raemaekers, is exceptional. So crude and gross a method of influencing
+the Press as bribing the proprietor of a newspaper (probably with the
+aid of threats) to hand it over with its staff and goodwill could hardly
+be practised where any independence survived. It was not practised with
+success even in conquered Flanders, for the staff, to their eternal
+credit, refused to listen to the new master's voice. But there are
+journalists who, less intelligent than the terrier, faithfully accept
+the voice from the _Pickelhaube_ and wag their little tails when they
+hear it. To them is offered the parable which shows their relation to
+their master.
+
+                                                           A. SHADWELL.
+
+[Illustration: HIS MASTER'S VOICE
+
+The _Vlaamsche Stem_ (Flemish Voice), a Flemish paper, was bought by the
+Germans, whereupon the whole staff resigned, as it no longer represented
+its title.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HUN GENEROSITY
+
+The All-Highest, so we are told, loves a joke at another's expense, a
+trait in his character essentially barbaric. Raemaekers reproduces the
+twinkle in the Imperial eye as William of Potsdam offers to a quondam
+ally the foot which belongs to his senile and helpless brother of
+Hapsburg. The roar of anguish from the prostrate octogenarian provokes,
+as we see, not pity but a grim smile. Italy's monarch, we may imagine,
+is muttering to himself:--
+
+_Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes._
+
+The bribe, wrenched from another, was, of course, indignantly rejected,
+but one wonders what the secret feelings of the Hapsburgs may be toward
+the Hohenzollerns. We know that the Turk cherishes no love for the Hun
+who has beguiled him, but we cannot gauge as yet the real strength or
+weakness of the bond between the Huns on the one hand and the Austrians
+and Hungarians on the other. Raemaekers has portrayed Franz Josef flat
+on his back. In the language of the ring he is "down and out." Possibly
+it may have been so from the beginning. At any rate, in this country,
+there is an amiable disposition to regard Franz Josef as a victim rather
+than an accomplice, a weakling writhing beneath the jack-boot of
+Prussia, impotent to hold his own. It may not be so. Time alone will
+reveal the truth.
+
+But this much is reasonably certain. When peace is declared, the sincere
+friendship which once existed between ourselves and the Dual Monarchy
+may be reëstablished, but many years must pass before we forgive or
+forget the Huns. They are boasting to-day that as a nation they are
+self-sufficing and self-supporting. Amen! Most of us desire nothing
+better than to leave them alone till they have mended their manners and
+purged themselves of a colossal and unendurable conceit. I cannot
+envisage Huns playing tennis at Wimbledon, or English girls studying
+music at Leipzig. The grass in the streets of Homburg will not, for many
+years, be trodden out by English feet; the harpies of hotel keepers
+throughout the Happy Fatherland will prey, it may be presumed, upon
+their fellow Huns. Then they will fall to "strafing" each other instead
+of England. And then, as now, their mouthings will provoke
+inextinguishable laughter.
+
+                                               HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.
+
+[Illustration: "HAVE ANOTHER PIECE?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+EASTER, 1915
+
+Ever since with the beginning of Christendom a new soul entered the body
+of exhausted Europe, it is true to say that we have not only had a
+certain idea but been haunted by it, as by a ghost. It is the idea
+crystallized in legends like those of St. Christopher and St. Martin.
+But it is equally apparent in the most modern ethics and eloquence, as,
+for instance, when a French atheist orator urged the reconsideration of
+a criminal case by pointing at the pictured Crucifixion which hangs in a
+French Law Court and saying: "Voilà la chose jugée." It is the idea when
+that oppressing the lowest we may actually be oppressing the highest,
+and that not even impersonally, but personally. We may be, as it were,
+the victims of a divine masquerade; and discover that the greatest of
+kings can travel incognito.
+
+Such a picture, therefore, as the cartoonist has drawn here can be found
+in all ages of Christian history as a comment on contemporary
+oppression. But while the central figure remains always the same, the
+types of the tyrant and the mocker hold our temporary attention; for
+they are sketched from life and with a living exactitude. Upon one of
+them especially it would be easy to say a great deal: the grinning
+Prussian youth with the spectacles and the monkey face, who is using a
+Prussian helmet instead of the crown of thorns.
+
+Such a scientific gutter-snipe is the real and visible fruit of
+organized German education; he is a much truer type than any gory and
+hairy Hun. In the face of that young atheist there is everything that
+can come from the congestion of the pagan with the _parvenu_; all the
+knowingness that is the cessation of knowledge; and that something which
+always accompanies _real_ atheism--arrested development.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: EASTER, 1915
+
+"And they bowed the knee before Him."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PAN GERMANICUS AS PEACE MAKER
+
+Imagine the feelings of the hindlegs of a stage elephant on being told
+that the performance is to be a continuous one and you will have some
+inkling of the dismay of the Kaiser and his henchman, concealed in the
+plumage of the War Eagle and the Dove of Peace respectively. The one
+bird is as useless as the other in bringing the war to the end desired
+in Berlin. The stage eagle is daily losing its plumage, and is rapidly
+becoming but a moulty apology for the king of birds. As for the dove, it
+has been used so often, with constantly changing olive branch in its
+beak, that it now makes its appearance shamefacedly and absolutely
+without heart.
+
+Imperial eagle mask with half-mad military quasi-deity inside and dove
+of peace, on the German model, with calculating miscalculating
+statesman, you rang the curtain up, you cannot ring it down, either to
+the music of the Hymn of Hate or the Te Deum for peace--the eagle can no
+longer look boldly straight into the sun, looking for his place in it;
+the dove has taken permanent quarters in the German ark as it whirls
+round and round in the whirlpool of impotent effort, ever drawing nearer
+to the final crash. When the Dove of Peace does come, it will be a real
+bird of good omen, not a German reserve officer masquerading as one.
+
+                                                          ALFRED STEAD.
+
+[Illustration: PAN GERMANICUS AS PEACE MAKER
+
+THE DOVE: "They say they do not want peace, as they have time enough."
+
+THE EAGLE: "Alas! That is just what we haven't got."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+GOTT MIT UNS
+
+This picture is a perfectly accurate symbolic study of the German
+Empire. Therefore, naturally, it is one of the most dreadful that were
+ever drawn. In all the gruesome "Dances of Death" in which the fifteenth
+century took so grim a pleasure, no artist ever conceived the horrible
+idea of a fat skeleton. But we have not only conceived the thought, we
+have seen the thing--"a terror in the sunshine." We know that chest,
+puffed up with a wind of pride, and that stomach heavy with slaughter
+and rich living; and above them the Death's Head. We have seen it. We
+have felt its foul breath. Its name is Prussia.
+
+Look at a portrait of Frederick the Great, the "onlie true begetter" of
+this abortion. It oddly suggests what Raemaekers has set down here: the
+face a skull, the staring eyes those of a lost soul. But the skeleton
+has grown fat since Frederick's day--fat on the blood and plunder of
+nations. Only there is no living flesh on its bones, nothing of humanity
+about it.
+
+"Can these dry bones live?" was the question asked of the prophet. It
+might have been asked of Frederick: "Can this nation live, created of
+your foul witchcraft, without honour, without charity, without human
+brotherhood or fellowship, without all that which is the flesh and blood
+of mankind?" The answer must have been that it could live, though with a
+life coming from below and essentially infernal. It could live--for a
+time. It could even have great power because its time was short.
+
+But now it has waxed fat--and kicked. And its end is near.
+
+                                                      CECIL CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: IT'S FATTENING WORK]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+OUR LADY OF ANTWERP
+
+"Here I and sorrows sit. This is my throne, bid Kings come worship it."
+Such seems to be an appropriate legend for Raemaekers' beautiful
+triptych which he has entitled "Our Lady of Antwerp." Full of compassion
+and sympathy for all the sufferings of her people, she sits with the
+Cathedral outlined behind her, her heart pierced with many agonies. On
+the left is one of the many widows who have lost their all in this war.
+On the right is a soldier stricken to death, who has done his utmost
+service for his country and brings the record of his gallantry to the
+feet of Our Lady of Antwerp.
+
+Antwerp, as we know, was at the height of its prosperity in the
+sixteenth century. We have been told that no fewer than five hundred
+ships used to enter her port in the course of a day, while more than two
+thousand could be seen lying in her harbour at one time. Her people
+numbered as many as one million, her fairs attracted merchants from all
+parts of Europe, and at least five hundred million guilders were put
+into circulation every year. We know what followed. Its very prosperity
+proved a bait to the conqueror. In 1576 the city was captured by the
+Spaniards, who pillaged it for three days. Nine years later the Duke of
+Parma conquered it, and about the time when Queen Elizabeth was
+resisting the might of Spain Antwerp's glory had departed and its trade
+was ruined. At the close of the Napoleonic wars the city was handed over
+to the Belgians.
+
+A place of many memories, whose geographical position was well
+calculated to arouse the cupidity of the Germans, was bound to be
+gallantly defended by the little nation to which it now belonged.
+Whether earlier help by the British might or might not have altered the
+course of history we cannot tell. Perhaps it was not soon enough
+realized how important it was to keep the Hun invader from the sacred
+soil. At all events we do not look back on the British Expedition in aid
+of Antwerp in 1914 with any satisfaction, because the assistance
+rendered was either not ample enough or else it was belated, or both. So
+that Our Lady of Antwerp has still to bewail the ruthless tyranny of
+Berlin, though perhaps she looks forward to the time when, once more in
+possession of her own cities, Belgium may enter upon a new course of
+prosperity. We are pledged to restore Belgium, doubly and trebly
+pledged, by the words of the Prime Minister, and justice will not be
+done until the great act of liberation is accomplished.
+
+                                                        W. L. COURTNEY.
+
+[Illustration: OUR LADY OF ANTWERP]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DEPORTATION
+
+Nothing, when one analyzes it, could be imagined more thoroughly
+characteristic of Prussia than the particular stroke of policy by which
+a large proportion of the male population of Belgium--as also in a
+somewhat lesser degree of Northern France--was separated from its family
+ties and hurried away into exile in Germany, there to be compelled to
+work for the profit of enemies.
+
+It had all the marks of Prussianism.
+
+Firstly, it was a violation of the civilized and Christian tradition of
+European arms. By the rules of such warfare the non-combatant was
+spared, wherever possible; not only his life but his property and
+liberty were secure so long as he did not abuse his position.
+
+Secondly, it was an affront to decent human sentiment quite apart from
+technical rules; the man, guilty of no offence save that of belonging to
+a country which Prussia had invaded without justice and ravaged without
+mercy, was torn from his family, who were left to the mercy of their
+opponents. We all know what that mercy was like.
+
+Thirdly, it was an insult to the human soul, for the unfortunate victims
+were not only to be exiled from their country, but to be driven by force
+and terror to serve against it.
+
+Fourthly, and finally, like all the worst Prussian crimes, it was a
+stupid blunder. Prussia has paid already a very high price for any
+advantage she may have gained from the mutinous and unwilling labour of
+these men, and for the swelling of her official return for the
+edification of her own people and of neutrals by the inclusion of
+"prisoners of war" of this description. To-day, when she knows not where
+to turn for men, she is obliged to keep a huge garrison tied up in
+Belgium to guard her line of retreat. And when the retreat itself comes,
+the price will rise even higher, and the nemesis will be both just and
+terrible.
+
+                                                      CECIL CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: HUSBANDS AND FATHERS
+
+Belgian workmen were forcibly deported to Germany.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE GERMAN BAND
+
+The German Band, as we know it in this country, has never been noted for
+harmonious music. Blatancy, stridency, false notes, and persistency
+after the coppers, have been its chief characteristics.
+
+And the same things prevail when it is at home.
+
+Never since the world began has there been such a campaign of barefaced
+humbug and lying as that organized by William, Hindenburg, Hollweg and
+Co. for the deceiving and fleecing of the much-tried countries
+temporarily under their sway.
+
+But the money had to be got in by hook or by crook, and by hook and by
+crook and in every nefarious way they have milked their unfortunate
+peoples dry.
+
+But there is another side to all this. In time, the veil of lies and
+false intelligence of victories in the North Sea, and at Verdun, and,
+indeed, wherever Germany has fought and failed, will be rent by the
+spear of Truth.
+
+Then will come the _débâcle_. And then, unless every scrap of grit and
+backbone has been Prussianized out of the Teuton, the revulsion of
+feeling will sweep the oppressors out of existence; and Germany,
+released from the strangle-hold, may rise once more to take the place
+among the civilized nations of the world which, by her foul doings of
+the last two years, she has deliberately forfeited.
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: WAR LOAN MUSIC
+
+"Was blazen die Trompeten Moneten heraus?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ARCADES AMBO
+
+Looking at this cartoon one can understand why Raemaekers is not
+_persona grata_ in the Happy Fatherland. With half a dozen touches he
+has changed Satan from the magnificent Prince of Evil whom Gustave Doré
+portrayed into a--Hun. Henceforth we shall envisage Satan as a Hun,
+talking the obscene tongue--now almost the universal language in
+Hades--and hailed by right-thinking Huns as the All Highest War Lord.
+Willy senior must be jealous.
+
+With the learned Professor, the cartoonist not only produces a composite
+portrait of all the _Herren Professoren_, but also drives home the point
+of his amazing pencil into what is perhaps the most instructive lesson
+of this monstrous war--the perversion to evil uses of powers originally
+designed, nourished, and expanded to benefit mankind. When the _Furor
+Teutonicus_ has finally expended itself, we do not envy the feelings of
+the illustrious chemists who perfected poison gas and liquid fire! Will
+they, when their hour comes, find it easy to obey the poet's injunction,
+and, wrapping the mantle of their past about them, "lie down to pleasant
+dreams?"
+
+We are assured that these professors have not exhausted their powers of
+frightfulness. It may be so. This is certain: Such frightfulness will
+ultimately exhaust them. With this reflection, we may leave them, grist
+to be ground by the mills of God.
+
+                                                HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.
+
+[Illustration: ARCADES AMBO
+
+THE PROFESSOR: "I have discovered a new mixture which will blind them in
+half an hour."
+
+SATAN: "You are in very truth my master."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"IS IT YOU, MOTHER?"
+
+Since the opening of hostilities in the present war the Scottish
+regiments have given repeated proofs of a valour which adds new lustre
+to the great traditions of Scottish soldiership. Through all the early
+operations--on the retreat from Mons and at the battles of the Marne and
+the Aisne--the Royal Scots Guards, the Scots Greys, the Gordon, the
+Seaforth and the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, the King's Own
+Scottish Borderers gained many fresh laurels by their heroism and
+undaunted spirit. The London Scottish Territorials, too, have shown a
+prowess as signal as that of the Scots of the Regular Army; while the
+mettle of men of Scottish descent has made glorious contribution in
+France and elsewhere to the fine records of the Overseas armies.
+
+It is the inevitable corollary that death should levy a heavy toll on
+Scottish soldiers in the field. Thousands of kilted youth have suffered
+the fate which Raemaekers depicts in the accompanying cartoon. It is
+not, of course, only the young Scot whose thought turns in the moment of
+death to the hearth of his home with vivid memories of his mother. But
+the word "home" and all that the word connotes often makes a more urgent
+appeal to the Scot abroad than to the man of another nationality. There
+is significance in the fact that, far as the Scots are wont to wander
+over the world's surface, they should, under every sky and in every
+turning fortune, treasure as a national anthem the song which has the
+refrain:--
+
+    "For it's hame, an' it's hame, fain wad I be,
+    O! it's hame, hame, hame, to my ain countrie!"
+
+The German soldier in this war would seem to have lost well nigh all
+touch of humanity. Yet the draughtsman here suggests that even the
+German soldier on occasion yields to the pathos of the young Scot's
+death-cry for home and mother. There is grim irony in the dying man's
+blurred vision which mistakes the hand of his mortal foe for that of his
+mother.
+
+Of such trying scenes is the drama of war composed.
+
+                                                            SIDNEY LEE.
+
+[Illustration: "IS IT YOU, MOTHER?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE FATE OF FLEMISH ART AT THE HANDS OF KULTUR
+
+It will not be possible to estimate the injury suffered by the monuments
+of art wherein Belgium was so rich till the war is ended and the ruins
+examined. Much of the irreparable loss we know, as in the cases of
+Louvain and Ypres. In general we may fairly conjecture that whatever is
+portable behind the German lines is stolen, or will be, and the rest
+destroyed. What is portable is stolen for its cash value, just as are
+money, furniture, clothes, and watches. So much of respect for works of
+art we may expect from the Prussians--the measure of respect for the
+cash shewn by the Prussian general at Termonde who robbed a helpless
+civilian of the 5,000 francs he had drawn to pay his workmen's wages,
+and then called earth and heaven to witness his exalted virtue in not
+also murdering his victim. But what cannot be carried--a cathedral, a
+monument, an ancient window--that is destroyed with an apish zest. Even
+a picture in time or place, inconvenient for removal, that also will be
+defiled, slashed to rags, burnt. And indeed why not? For the best use of
+a work of art as understood among the Prussian pundits is to make it the
+peg whereon to hang some ridiculous breach of statistics, some monstrous
+disquisition of bedevilled theory; and for such purposes a work no
+longer existing so as good as any--even better.
+
+And so the marvels of the centuries go up in dust and flames, and the
+memorials of Memling and Matsijs, Van Eyck, and Rubens are treated as
+the masters' own bodies would have been treated, had fate delayed their
+time till the coming of the Boche.
+
+                                                       ARTHUR MORRISON.
+
+[Illustration: THE FATE OF FLEMISH ART AT THE HANDS OF KULTUR]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE GRAVES OF ALL HIS HOPES
+
+"Look at the map," says the German Chancellor. Look at the map, and mark
+with a cross every German disappointment and you will have a history of
+the war more illuminating than many books on the subject. The Marne,
+Ypres, South Africa, West Africa, Egypt, Bagdad, India, Tripoli, Verdun.
+Look at the map indeed. The map of the world that Germany set out to
+conquer. Consider the vapouring and vainglory that marked each of these
+"successes" in political or military trickery and the fact that of the
+military crosses each upbears above a mountain of losses the refrain of
+the old German song Verdorben--Gestorben--Ruined--Dead.
+
+It is a wonderful map to consider, this map of the world in 1916. A
+wonderful map to be studied by the mothers of the Fatherland who have
+suckled their children to manure the crops of the future, to feed the
+crematoriums and blast furnaces of Belgium, to fill the mad houses,
+blind asylums, and homes for incurables, when the frosts of Russia and
+the guns of the Allies have done with them.
+
+And every cross marks the grave of a hope.
+
+    Paris
+    Regrets eternels.
+
+That wonderful inscription was the first to be cut. Galliene was the
+mason. Verdun was the last and will not be the least. But, whatever may
+come to be written on stone, on the heart of the mourner when he comes
+to die only one inscription will be found: "Calais." If he has a heart
+large enough to have even these six letters.
+
+                                                  H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.
+
+[Illustration: THE GRAVES OF ALL HIS HOPES]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"MY SIXTH SON IS NOW LYING HERE--WHERE ARE YOURS?"
+
+There is a picture in Brussels that the Kaiser ought to study on one of
+his visits to the Belgian capital. It is Wertz's picture of Napoleon in
+Hades.
+
+Wertz was a madman, he knew something of the horrors of war, but he
+knew, also, something of the grandeur and nobility of Napoleon.
+
+Napoleon is surrounded by women holding up the mutilated remains of
+sons, lovers, and fathers, and still he remains Napoleon, the child of
+Destiny, the Inscrutable, the Calm, and, if one may say so, the
+Gentleman.
+
+Women knew, at least, that their dead had fallen before the armies or at
+the will of a great man in those Napoleonic days; there was something of
+Fate in the business.
+
+But to-day the widow or the mourning mother, whilst knowing that her son
+or her husband has fallen in defending Humanity from the Beast can find
+no quarter in their hearts for the form or the shape of manhood that
+stands, in the words of Swinburne:
+
+    "Curse consecrated, crowned with crime and flame!"
+
+No taunt could be too bitter for their lips and none more bitter than
+the words of Raemaekers:
+
+    "My sons are lying here--where are yours?"
+
+                                                  H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.
+
+[Illustration: "MY SIXTH SON IS NOW LYING HERE--WHERE ARE YOURS?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+BUNKERED
+
+The Crown Prince is in a very awkward predicament. He has driven his
+ball into a deep sand-pit from which a very clever professional golfer
+might perhaps extricate himself by a powerful stroke with a niblick. But
+young William is not a professional, and indeed knows nothing about the
+game. So he takes his driver and his other wooden clubs, and smashes
+them all, with much bad language, while he whacks at the ball, which
+only buries itself deeper in the sand. He is pondering what to do next.
+There is, however, only one thing to do. He must take up his ball and
+lose the hole. The real players on his side must be disgusted at being
+saddled with such a partner. But what is to be done when a fool is born
+a war-lord by right of primogeniture? In a few years, in the course of
+nature, this fortunate youth will be the Supreme War-Lord himself; it
+will be his business to "stand in shining armour" by some luckless ally
+who has been selected to pick a quarrel for Germany's benefit, and to
+shake a "mailed fist" in the face of a trembling world. That will be a
+spectacle for gods and men. But perhaps something will happen instead.
+
+                                                            W. R. INGE.
+
+[Illustration: BUNKERED]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+GOTT STRAFE VERDUN
+
+An impartial military verdict on the German strategy and tactics at
+Verdun has not yet been delivered. After the failure of the Allies to
+break through last year, the German higher command issued a paper, which
+has been printed in American newspapers, advocating "nibbling" tactics,
+instead of attempts to carry a strongly fortified line by a coup _de
+main_. The Germans have buoyed up their hopes by assuring each other
+that their troops have been making a slow but methodical progress toward
+the "fortress," according to program. But even if we grant that the
+disproportion in casualties is probably not so great as some of our
+critics have supposed, it is difficult to believe that the enemy was
+prepared for such resistance as he has met with. To all appearance, the
+Germans expected to break through in a few days, and hoped that this
+success would rehabilitate the credit of the paltry young prince whom we
+here see entangled in barbed wire, his uniform in rags, and despair
+depicted on his haggard face. Another confessed failure would finish the
+career of the Crown Prince; and yet there are limits to the endurance of
+any troops, and these limits have now been reached. There is nothing
+left to young William but useless imprecations. He swaggered into this
+war, for which he is partly responsible, expecting to win the reputation
+of a general; he will sneak out of it with the reputation of a burglar.
+
+                                                            W. R. INGE.
+
+[Illustration: GOTT STRAFE VERDUN
+
+"If only I knew whether it is less dangerous to advance or to retire."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE LAST THROW
+
+The first throw, of course, was that great rush which was stayed at the
+Marne by the Genius of Joffre; then there was the throw of the great
+attack on Russia, that which laid waste Serbia, and that which would
+have thrust men down from the Alps on to the Italian plain. In each of
+these Raemaekers' symbolism is applicable, for in each case death threw
+higher than either Germany or Austria could afford.
+
+But in none is the symbolism so terribly fitting as in this case of
+Verdun, where the fighting men went forward in waves and died in
+waves--here death threw higher in every attack than Germany could throw,
+and to such heights was the slaughter pushed that it was, in truth, the
+last throw of which these war-makers were capable. It is significant,
+now that Germany can no longer afford such reckless sacrifices as were
+made before Verdun, that the German press contains allusions to heavy
+sacrifices on the part of the Allies, and tries to point to folly in
+allied policy. Surely, in the matter of sacrifice of life, no nation is
+so well qualified to speak from experience as Germany.
+
+There is clumsy anxiety expressed in every line of the figure that holds
+the dice box, and in every line of the figure in the background is
+nervous fear for the result of the throw--fear that is fully justified.
+But Death, master of the game, waits complacently to mark the score,
+knowing that these two gamblers are the losers--and that the loser pays.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: THE LAST THROW]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE ZEPPELIN BAG
+
+Here the artist has depicted the Kaiser in one of his favourite rôles,
+that of a sportsman. In pre-war times it was one of "The All Highest's"
+chief ambitions to be taken for an English sportsman! We believe there
+were people in those now seemingly remote days who took him at his own
+valuation in this regard. Our picture papers were full of photographs of
+him shooting at this or that nobleman's estate, lunching after the
+morning's battue, in the act of shooting, inspecting the day's "bag,"
+etc.; and other pictures were reproduced from the German papers from
+time to time of a similar character showing him as a sportsman in his
+native land.
+
+There is still, thank God, something clean about British sport and
+sportsmen of which the Kaiser never caught the inwardness and spirit. It
+has come out on the battlefields to-day as it has on those of past
+generations. It has taught the British soldier to fight clean, and even
+chivalrously though the foe may be a past master in "knavish tricks,"
+and steeped in unspeakable methods of cruelty in warfare.
+
+How thin the veneer of a sportsmanship was upon the Kaiser, which is
+after all but symbolic of the higher and sterner virtues, all the world
+has had a chance of judging. And in this remarkable and arresting
+drawing the genius of the artist has taken and used a sporting incident
+with telling and even horrifying effect.
+
+In the old days it was pheasants, partridges, grouse, hares, rabbits,
+and other feathered game, with the nobler stags and boars that formed
+"the Butcher of Potsdam's 'bag.'" To-day he has his battues by proxy on
+sea, land, and from the air. Thousands of victims, as innocent as the
+feathered folk he slaughtered of yore; and women and little children
+form the chief items of the bag; and especially is this true of the
+"fruit of the Zeppelin raids."
+
+He counts the bag and rewards the slayers of the innocent as he
+doubtless did the beaters, huntsmen, and keepers of the estates over
+which he formerly shot. It has been his ambition to make Europe one vast
+Kaiserdom estate. But the sands are running out, and each "bag," whether
+by Zeppelin or submarine, serves but to stiffen the backs of the Allies
+and horrify neutral nations. Some day the accumulated horrors of the
+Kaiser's ideas of sportsmanship will have taught the latter the lesson
+that Kaiserdom with Europe as a Kaiser estate means the death of
+liberty, the extinction of the smaller nations, and the setting up of a
+despotism as cruel as that of Attila and his Huns--the self-accepted and
+preached examples of William II of Germany.
+
+                                                         CLIVE HOLLAND.
+
+[Illustration: THE ZEPPELIN BAG]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"COME IN, MICHAEL, I HAVE HAD A LONG SLEEP"
+
+Yes--a long and rejuvenating sleep! The expression upon John's face
+indicates an amazing determination and alertness. It is told of certain
+remarkable men--De Lesseps amongst the number--that they had the faculty
+of sleeping for several days and nights and then remaining wide awake
+and at full tension for an equally long period of time. We may
+confidently predict that John has this faculty. He is not likely to
+slumber again till his work is done, and done thoroughly. Michael's
+expression, I regret to note, is not quite so pleasing as John's. It
+gives "furiously to think," as our gallant and beautiful France puts it,
+that when Michael climbs through the window of the Happy Fatherland, he
+may, perchance, inspire terror in the heart of the Hun, who doubtless
+expects that his enemies, if they do invade the sacred soil, will
+display those Christian qualities of Mercy and Forbearance which have
+been so conspicuous, by their absence, in the treatment of unfortunate
+prisoners upon whom they inflicted the extreme rigour of "Kultur."
+
+Our cartoonist, it will be noticed, has placed sledge hammers in the
+hands of both John and Michael, rather primitive weapons, but most
+admirably adapted for "crushing." And nothing short of crushing will
+satisfy the Allies, despite the futile wiles and whines of Messrs.
+Trevelyan, Ponsonby, Morel, and Macdonald. Crushed they will and must be
+to fine powder. The hammer strokes are falling now with a persistence
+and force which, at long last, reverberates in the cafés and beer
+gardens of Munich and Berlin. The Teuton tongue--a hideous concatenation
+of noise at its best--must be almost inarticulate to-day in its guttural
+chokings and splutterings. "Frightfulness" is coming home to roost.
+
+    With all our hearts we hold out the glad hand to Michael.
+    Come in, and stay in--bless you!
+
+                                               HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.
+
+[Illustration: "COME IN, MICHAEL, I THINK I'M AWAKE NOW."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+FIVE ON A BENCH
+
+All visions and poems of justice have been full of the refrain of
+_deposuit potentes de sede_; but the bracing reality of such a
+revolution is lost by certain effects of antiquity, by the mists which
+make the past somewhat monochrome, and by the exalted equality of death.
+To say that Belisarius became a beggar means little to us when it seems
+only the difference between a rich and a tattered toga. We do not
+picture Belisarius in a patched pair of trousers: but then we have no
+reason to be angry with Belisarius. But whenever real tyranny and honest
+wrath are reborn among men, there will always be an instant necessity to
+represent the great reversal in the graphic colours of contemporary
+fact. Raemaekers' cartoon, representing the tyrants of Europe reduced to
+that very hopeless modern beggary to which they have driven many
+thousands of very much better men, is perhaps of all his pictures the
+most grim, or what would be called vindictive. I think that such revenge
+is in truth merely realization. The victims of the war have to sit on
+such real benches in such real rags. And being one of the fiercest, it
+is also one of the most delicate of the Dutch artist's studies. Nothing
+could be truer than the insolent and swollen decay of the Jew Ferdinant;
+or the more effeminate collapse of the Kaiser, the very spike on whose
+helmet droops with sentiment.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: FIVE ON A BENCH
+
+In a year and a half.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+WHAT ABOUT PEACE, LADS?
+
+War--so certain of their own prophets have said--is a "national industry
+of Germany." Here we see a German _chevalier d' industrie_ attempting to
+escape with his swag. Never in modern times has a nation gone to war
+with a more cynical and shameless determination to make the campaign pay
+for itself by the plunder of private property. Quite recently an order
+was found on the body of a German, enjoining all officers to assist in
+the "patriotic duty" of "draining financially the occupied territories."
+We are dealing, not with an honourable and civilized nation, but with a
+band of murdering brigands. The keepers of the national conscience have
+devised a monstrous and barbarous code of ethics, in which "patriotism"
+is the sole duty, and the tribal god the only arbiter of right and
+wrong. As in Roman law, the property of an enemy is for a German _res
+nullius_--it has no owner. And now the prospect of any further loot on a
+large scale seems remote. The speculation has turned out badly, and the
+robber would be glad to cut his losses. The guardians of the law are at
+his heels, and do not mean to let him escape. But will they be able to
+make him disgorge? That will not be easy; and what atonement can be made
+for the innocent blood which drops from those pitiful spoils?
+
+                                                            W. R. INGE.
+
+[Illustration: WHAT ABOUT PEACE, LADS?]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE LIBERATORS
+
+This is one of those cartoons in which the neutral in Raemaekers speaks
+with peculiar force. Such a picture by a Britisher would reasonably be
+discounted as unduly prejudiced, for it is none too easy for us in our
+present stresses to see the other fellow's point of view--in this
+difficult business of the blockade for an instance.
+
+That friendly championing of the rights of neutrals suffering under the
+outrageous tyranny of the British Navy is a thing to which only the
+detached humour of a neutral can do justice. He can testify to the way
+in which the giant strength of that navy, whether in peace or war, has
+been used in the main not in the giants' tyrannous way; he can make
+allowance for the exigencies which have caused occasional arbitrariness
+under the stress of war or even in some untactful moment of peace; he
+can contrast the two main opposing navy's notions of justice, courtesy,
+seamanship--which is sportsmanship.
+
+He can recall that no single right whether of combatant or neutral, of
+state or individual, guaranteed by international law, which the Germans
+have found it convenient or "necessary" to violate has been left
+unviolated; that there is no single method or practice of war condemned
+by the common consent of civilization but has been employed by men who
+even have the candour to declare that they stand above laws and
+guarantees.
+
+And therefore he can make grim, effective fun of the sinister bandit
+with his foot planted on the shackled prisoner that lies between two
+murdered victims fatuously taking in vain the name of freedom.
+
+                                                          JOSEPH THORP.
+
+[Illustration: "Freedom of the land is ours--why should we not have
+freedom of the sea?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TOM THUMB AND THE GIANT
+
+The reference in this cartoon is to an incident which, at the time of
+its occurrence, is said to have caused considerable indignation in
+Germany. A Zeppelin, having been on a raiding expedition to England, was
+hit on the return journey, and dropped into the North Sea. The crew,
+clinging to the damaged airship, besought the captain of a British
+trawler to take them off, but the captain, seeing that the Zeppelin crew
+far outnumbered his own, declined to trust them, and left them to their
+fate. Whether the trawler's captain actually "put his thumb unto his
+nose and spread his fingers out" is a matter for conjecture, but under
+the circumstances it is scarcely likely.
+
+The whole point lies in the German view of the trawler's captain and his
+inhuman conduct. He knew, perfectly well, that if he rescued the crew of
+the Zeppelin, the probable reward for himself and crew would be a voyage
+to the nearest German port and interment in a prison camp for the
+remainder of the war--and plenty of reliable evidence is forthcoming as
+to the treatment meted out to men in German prison camps. He knew, also,
+that these men who besought his aid were returning from one of the
+expeditions which have killed more women and children in England than
+able-bodied men, that they had been sharing in work which could not be
+described as even of indirect military value, but was more of the nature
+of sheer murder. And Germany condemned his conduct by every adjective
+that implied brutality and barbarity.
+
+The unfortunate thing about the German viewpoint is that it takes into
+consideration only such points as favour Germany, a fact of which this
+incident affords striking evidence.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: TOM THUMB AND THE GIANT
+
+"Come and save me. You know I am so fond of children."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"WE HAVE FINISHED OFF THE RUSSIANS"
+
+Assuming that the statement with regard to finishing off the Russians
+was actually written--and there is every reason to assume it--one may
+conjecture what memories it recalled. The great battles of the Warsaw
+salient, the drive that lasted for many months through the flats of
+Poland, the struggles of the Vilna salient, and all the time the
+knowledge that mechanism, the guns in which Germany put her trust, were
+shattering Russian legions day after day. Then the gradual settling of
+the eastern line, well into Russia, with all the industrial districts of
+Poland firmly gripped in German hands, and the certainty that though
+Russia had not been utterly broken and forced to a peace, yet so much
+had been accomplished that there was no longer any eastern menace, but
+both Germany and Austria might go about their business of conquest in
+the west, having "finished off" in the east.
+
+But that strong figure with the pistol pointed at the writer, that
+implacable, threatening giant, is a true type of Russia the
+unconquerable. It is a sign that the guns in which Germany put her trust
+have failed her, that the line which was to hold firm during the
+business of conquest in the west has broken--more, it is a sign of the
+doom of the aggressor. The writing of that fat, complacent figure--sorry
+imitator of the world's great conquerors--is arrested, and in place of
+stolid self-conceit there shows fear.
+
+Well-grounded fear. History can show no crimes to equal the rape of
+Belgium and the desolation of Poland at the hands of Germany. The giant
+with the pistol stands not only as a returned warrior, but also as an
+avenger of unspeakable crimes.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: WE HAVE FINISHED OFF THE RUSSIANS
+
+"Wait a moment."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MUDDLE THROUGH
+
+Although this striking cartoon of Raemaekers may, since the consummation
+of Lord Derby's Scheme and the raising of the new armies, be said to
+have lost its sting it cannot be said no longer to have a lesson.
+
+At the time of its first publication the sight of England assailed by
+the central Empires bent on her destruction for having thrown the weight
+of her trident and her sword into the scales on the side of Justice and
+Right against Lawlessness and Might, failed to evoke in many of her sons
+the spirit of patriotism which has since manifested itself in many
+glorious and immortal deeds.
+
+It was difficult for us to realize that we were at war. And at war not
+merely to protect the weak and uphold ideals of national righteousness,
+but for national existence itself. The doctrine of "muddle through" was
+not confined to the War Office and other Government Departments, but
+seemed to permeate the whole nation to a lamentable extent. In the
+cartoon we have three typical men with that fatal "business (or
+pleasure) as usual" expression on their faces. That Germany should seek
+to wrest the trident and sovereignty of the seas from the hand of
+Britain, or should have devastated Belgium and the North Eastern
+Department of France was obviously no personal concern of theirs. Let
+the other chaps fight if they would.
+
+Happily for England and for her gallant Allies the point of the cartoon
+has been blunted, if not entirely destroyed, by subsequent events. But
+the lesson? It is not far to seek. Is it not that had "business as
+usual" not been so gladly adopted as the national creed in the early
+days of war, we might have been happy in the blessings of Peace by now,
+or at least have had Peace much nearer.
+
+We do not envy the men who might have gone but who stayed at home in
+those early days, when their earlier presence on the field of battle
+might have been the means not only of saving many thousands of valuable
+lives, but of shortening the terrible carnage. It would have been a
+thousand times better had the mind which conceived the phrase "business
+as usual" been acute enough to foresee the possible and disastrous
+misapplications of the phrase. Rather would it have been better had the
+idea crystallized in "Do it now."
+
+                                                         CLIVE HOLLAND.
+
+[Illustration: MUDDLE THROUGH]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MY ENEMY IS MY BEST FRIEND
+
+These words of Emerson's express exactly the thought of this cartoon.
+The Netherlands is a country that has been slowly won from the ocean;
+the cruel sea has always been its enemy, at first completely triumphant,
+then gradually resisted and driven forth by the enterprise and toil of
+men; but it is always an enemy to be dreaded. Its inroads have to be
+guarded against by great dykes and by the never-ceasing care and
+industry of the nation. Now and again the floods come, and people barely
+escape in boats from the waters. Yet time and again the enemy has been
+the best friend of the Netherlands. This enemy has saved them from the
+domination of Spain, and now, as the refugees on the floods of last
+winter are escaping from the jaws of death they feel that the water
+which is now an enemy (_vijand_), may to-morrow be a friend (_vriend_);
+for an invasion by the Germans, that ever-dreaded danger to all
+patriotic Dutchmen, can be guarded against only by the friendly help of
+the ocean which can be invoked in case of need to save its own people.
+It was only in the last resort that William the Silent consented to let
+in the sea. He resisted the Spaniards as long as he could, and only when
+all possible chance of further resistance was at an end did he have
+recourse to the sea as the last friend. He saved the country by allowing
+the German Ocean to destroy it. In this cartoon the people in the boats
+regard the sea as their enemy; but an invasion by German armies could
+not be resisted except with the help of the friendly sea, whose voice is
+the voice of Freedom.
+
+                                               WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.
+
+[Illustration: The Floods in Holland--now a fiend, to-morrow a friend.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HOW I DEAL WITH THE SMALL FRY
+
+Perhaps only those who have the opportunity of reading the papers
+published in neutral countries, and have made a study of the mendacious
+"news for neutrals" issued by the notorious Woolf Agency and German
+Wireless Bureau, are able to grasp the powerful inner motive which
+actuates Raemaekers in the persistence with which he seeks to drive home
+the tragic stories of Belgium and Luxemburg. At this time of day it
+might seem superfluous to issue a cartoon of this kind. But is it? With
+neutral opinion apparently by no means convinced as yet of the sinister
+designs of Prussianism upon the liberties of Europe and especially of
+smaller nations a drawing of such poignancy and force cannot fail to
+arrest the attention and bring home the lesson of that creed which has
+for its gospel such phrases as "Necessity knows no law" and "Force shall
+rule." It is inconceivable to the thinking mind that there can be a man
+or woman who, with the story of the violation of Belgium and Luxemburg
+before them, can possibly hesitate to brand the German nation with the
+mark of Cain, and tremble at the mere possibility that might should
+triumph over right.
+
+Our wonderment is all the greater when we remember how the Kaiser and
+his murderous hordes have made no secret of their methods. They may in
+the end seek to deny them, to repudiate the deeds of blood and of unholy
+sacrilege and violence which in the early days of war were avowed
+concomitants of their policy, but such disavowal is not yet.
+
+Beneath the Kaiser's heel in bloody reality lie at the present time
+Belgium and unprotected Luxemburg every whit as much as is shown by the
+powerful pencil of the artist.
+
+The reign of lust, cruelty, and destruction is not yet done, though the
+signs and portents of the end are not now a-wanting. The blood of men,
+women, and little children shall not cease to cry aloud for vengeance
+until the Prussian eagle is humbled in the dust, and its power for evil
+is utterly destroyed. This is a good cartoon to bear in mind and look
+upon should "War weariness" ever overtake one. It will be a good one to
+have upon one's wall when peace talk is head in the land.
+
+Thomas Moore may be said to have composed an epitaph for Prussianism
+three-quarters of a century ago when he wrote the lines:
+
+    "Accursed is the march of that glory
+    Which treads o'er the hearts of the free."
+
+A great statesman has declared "the Allies will not sheathe the sword
+until Justice is vindicated." Let us add "and until reparation is
+exacted to the uttermost farthing from these responsible for this bloody
+conflict and its diabolical crimes, whether the perpetrators be high or
+low."
+
+                                                         CLIVE HOLLAND.
+
+[Illustration: How I deal with the small fry.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE TWO EAGLES
+
+A double-edged satire on both political birds. Neither is a true eagle.
+They have talons but nothing of the noble air proper to the king of
+birds. The German bird is not an eagle but a vulture; and he is in a
+sorry plight, with torn and ruffled feathers, dishevelled, dripping
+blood. He is disappointed, angry, soured, and unhappy. Yet he is
+straightforward about it. He makes no attempt to disguise his feelings,
+but glares at the other with the indignation of one who has been
+deceived written on his face and vibrating in his voice.
+
+And his reproach gets home. The American bird, who is bigger and stands
+on a bigger rock, is sleek enough except about the head which is a bit
+ruffled. But he is more of a raven than an eagle in his sable plumes of
+professional cut, and he is obviously not at ease. He does not look the
+other in the face. He stares straight in front of him at nothing with a
+forced, hard and fixed smile, obviously assumed because he has no reply
+to make.
+
+During the war many indiscreet phrases have dropped from the lips of
+prominent persons who must bitterly regret them and wish them buried
+deep in oblivion. But they stand on record, and history will not let
+them die. "Too proud to fight" is the most unfortunate of all, and when
+others are forgotten it will remain, because it has a general
+application. Mr. Raemaekers exposes its foolishness here with a single
+masterly touch and he puts the exposure in the right mouth. The cartoon
+is an illuminating epitome of the interminable exchange of notes between
+the two Powers on submarine warfare.
+
+                                                           A. SHADWELL.
+
+[Illustration: "I thought you said you were too proud to fight."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LONDON--INSIDE THE SAVOY
+
+At first glance this cartoon would seem to imply that the people inside
+the Savoy had little interest in the war, for the figures in evening
+dress are well in the foreground; a count of heads, however, will show
+six, and possibly seven men in uniform and only four in civilian attire,
+and of the soldiers not one is dancing--they are lookers-on at these
+strange beings who pursue the ordinary ways of life.
+
+Of such beings, not many are left--certainly not this proportion of four
+to six, or four to seven. Compulsion has thinned the ranks of the
+shirkers down to an irreducible minimum, and a visit to the Savoy at any
+time in the last six months of 1916 would show khaki entirely
+preponderant, just as it is in the streets. These correctly dressed and
+monocled young men have been put into the national machine, and moulded
+into fighting material--their graves are thick in Flanders and along the
+heights north of the Somme, and they have proved themselves equal and
+superior to what had long been regarded as the finest fighting forces of
+Europe.
+
+It is in reality no far cry from the Somme fighting area to the light
+and the music of the Savoy, and a man may dance one night and die under
+a German bullet the next--many have already done so. Here the artist
+shows the lighter side of British life to-day, but one has only to turn
+to the companion cartoon to this, "Outside the Savoy," to see that he
+realizes London as thoroughly in earnest about the war.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: LONDON--INSIDE THE SAVOY]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LONDON--OUTSIDE THE SAVOY
+
+The newsboy, under military age; one man, well over military age; three
+women--and all the rest in uniform--even the top of the bus that shows
+in the distance is filled with soldiers. Thus Raemaekers sees the
+Strand, one of the principal thoroughfares of the heart of the British
+Empire.
+
+For the sake of contrast with the companion cartoon, "Inside the Savoy,"
+there is a slight exaggeration in this view of London street life in
+war-time--the proportion of civilians to soldiers is necessarily greater
+than this, or the national life could not go on. A host of industries
+are necessary to the prosecution of the war, and it falls to some men to
+stay behind--many of them unwillingly.
+
+There was a time, in the early days, when Britain suffered from an
+under-estimate of the magnitude of this task of war--a time which the
+cartoon "Inside the Savoy" typifies in its presentment of careless
+enjoyment. But that attitude was soon dispelled, and it is significant
+of the spirit of the nation that only when nine-tenths of the necessary
+army had been raised by voluntary--indeed, this is a certainty, for not
+until long after the cartoon was published did any conscripts appear in
+the streets. Though, in the proportion of soldiers to civilians, the
+cartoon may exaggerate, in its presentment of the spirit of the nation,
+and of the determination of the nation with regard to the war, it is
+true to life.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: LONDON--OUTSIDE THE SAVOY]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE INVOCATION
+
+This drawing touches the highest level of the draughtsman's art and
+demonstrates the unique power of the pencil in a master hand. So simple,
+so true, so complete, so direct and so eloquent is the message that
+words can add nothing to it. They can only pay a tribute of
+appreciation.
+
+Everybody can read the meaning at a glance; none can read it wholly
+unmoved. For here is pure humanity, which none can escape, the primal
+instinct without which man that is born of woman would not be. Before
+this weak, bowed, and homely figure Knowledge is silent, Pride and
+Passion are rebuked. Strength is shamed. Motherhood and mother-love
+transcend them all.
+
+There is here nothing of anger, no thought of hostility or revenge, no
+trace of evil passion. Only a mother yearning after her son and pleading
+to another mother, the Divine type of motherhood, the Mother of God. And
+what she asks is so little, only to see him again. She has given him, as
+the mother to whom she prays gave her Son, and she does not demand him
+back. She reproaches no one, accuses no one, makes no complaint and no
+claim for herself, but meekly pleads that she may be allowed to see him
+again to still the longing in her breast. She is a woman of the people,
+a simple peasant, but she personifies all mothers in every war, as she
+bows her silvered head in humble prayer at the way-side shrine.
+
+                                                           A. SHADWELL.
+
+[Illustration: MON FILS--BELGIUM, 1914
+
+"Let me see him again, Holy Virgin!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS
+GARDEN CITY, N. Y.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Raemaekers' Cartoons, by Louis Raemaekers
+
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Raemaekers' Cartoons, by Louis Raemaekers
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Raemaekers' Cartoons
+       With Accompanying Notes by Well-known English Writers
+
+Author: Louis Raemaekers
+
+Contributor: H. H. Asquith
+
+Illustrator: Louis Raemaekers
+
+Release Date: August 26, 2006 [EBook #19126]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RAEMAEKERS' CARTOONS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Roger Frank and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<table width="450" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="" border="1">
+  <col style="width:100%;" />
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center">
+    <table width="90%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="" border="0">
+      <col style="width:100%;" />
+      <tr>
+        <td align="center">
+        <span style="font-size: 280%;"><br />RAEMAEKERS&#8217;<br />CARTOONS</span><br /><br /><br /><br />
+        <span style="font-size: 120%;">WITH ACCOMPANYING NOTES BY</span><br />
+        <span style="font-size: 120%;">WELL-KNOWN ENGLISH WRITERS</span><br /><br /><br />
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>
+        <div class='figcenter' style='width: 150px; padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;'>
+        <a name='illus-fpe' id="illus-fpe"></a>
+        <img src='images/illus-fpe.png' width='150' alt='' title='' /><br /><br /><br />
+        </div>
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td align="center">
+        <span style="font-size: 100%;">WITH AN APPRECIATION FROM H. H. ASQUITH,</span><br />
+        <span style="font-size: 80%;">PRIME MINISTER OF ENGLAND</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
+        <span style="font-size: 100%;">GARDEN CITY&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NEW YORK</span><br />
+        <span style="font-size: 120%;">DOUBLEDAY, PAGE &amp; COMPANY</span><br />
+        <span style="font-size: 80%; letter-spacing: .2em;">1916</span><br /><br /><br />
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class='major' />
+
+<div class='figcenter' style='width: 325px;'>
+<img src='images/illus-fp.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'><i>Photograph by Miss D. Compton Collier</i></p>
+<img src='images/illus-sig.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+</div>
+
+<hr class='major' />
+
+<p class='center'><i>Copyright, 1916, by</i><br />DOUBLEDAY, PAGE &amp; COMPANY<br /><br />
+<i>All rights reserved, including that of<br />translation into foreign
+languages,<br />including the Scandinavian</i></p>
+
+<hr class='major' />
+
+<h3>List of Cartoons and the Descriptive Notes</h3>
+
+<table width='100%' summary=''>
+<tr><td></td><td></td><td align='right'>Page</td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Portrait of Louis Raemaekers</span></td><td></td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Introduction</span>          </td><td>Francis Stopford</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">An Appreciation from the Prime Minister</span>    </td><td>H. H. Asquith</td><td align='right'></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Christendom After Twenty Centuries</span></td><td>Francis Stopford</td><td align='right'><a href="#Christendom_After_Twenty_Centuries">8</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">A Stable peace</span></td><td>Eden Phillpotts</td><td align='right'><a href="#A_Stable_Peace">10</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Massacre of the Innocents</span></td><td>E. Charles Vivian</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Massacre_of_the_Innocents">12</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Bernhardiism</span></td><td>Hilaire Belloc</td><td align='right'><a href="#Bernhardiism">14</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">From Li&egrave;ge to Aix-La-Chapelle</span></td><td>Francis Stopford</td><td align='right'><a href="#From_Liege_to_Aix-La-Chapelle">16</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Spoils for the Victors</span></td><td>Hilaire Belloc</td><td align='right'><a href="#Spoils_for_the_Victors">18</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Very Stones Cry Out</span></td><td>Bernard Vaughan, S. J.</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Very_Stones_Cry_Out">20</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Satan's Partner</span></td><td>G. K. Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#Satans_Partner">22</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Thrown to the Swine</span></td><td>The Dean of St. Paul's</td><td align='right'><a href="#Thrown_to_the_Swine">24</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Land Mine</span></td><td>Herbert Warren</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Land_Mine">26</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"For Your Motherland"</span></td><td>Eden Phillpotts</td><td align='right'><a href="#For_Your_Motherland">28</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The German Loan</span></td><td>E. Charles Vivian</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_German_Loan">30</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Europe</span>, 1916</td><td>G. K. Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#Europe_1916">32</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Next to Be Kicked Out&mdash;Dumba's Master</span></td><td>Arthur Pollen</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Next_to_Be_Kicked_Out_Dumbas_Master">34</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Friendly Visitor</span></td><td>H. DeVere Stacpoole</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Friendly_Visitor">36</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"To Your Health, Civilization!"</span></td><td>The Dean of St. Paul's</td><td align='right'><a href="#To_Your_Health_Civilization">38</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Fox Tirpitz Preaching to the Geese</span></td><td>Herbert Warren</td><td align='right'><a href="#Fox_Tirpitz_Preaching_to_the_Geese">40</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Prisoners</span></td><td>Eden Phillpotts</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Prisoners">42</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">It's Unbelievable</span></td><td>Hilaire Belloc</td><td align='right'><a href="#Its_Unbelievable">44</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Kreuzland, Kreuzland &Uuml;ber Alles</span></td><td>The Dean of St. Paul's</td><td align='right'><a href="#Kreuzland_Kreuzland_Uber_Alles">46</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Ex-convict</span></td><td>Hilaire Belloc</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Ex-convict">48</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Miss Cavell</span></td><td>G. K. Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#Miss_Cavell">50</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Hostages</span></td><td>John Oxenham</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Hostages">52</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">King Albert's Answer to the Pope</span></td><td>E. Charles Vivian</td><td align='right'><a href="#King_Alberts_Answer_to_the_Pope">54</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Gas Fiend</span></td><td>Eden Phillpotts</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Gas_Fiend">56</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The German Tango</span></td><td>John Buchan</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_German_Tango">58</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Zeppelin Triumph</span></td><td>W. L. Courtney</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Zeppelin_Triumph">60</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Keeping Out the Enemy</span></td><td>H. DeVere Stacpoole</td><td align='right'><a href="#Keeping_Out_the_Enemy">62</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The German Offer</span></td><td>Hilaire Belloc</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_German_Offer">64</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Wolf Trap</span></td><td>Herbert Warren</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Wolf_Trap">66</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Ahasuerus II</span></td><td>John Buchan</td><td align='right'><a href="#Ahasuerus_II">68</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Our Candid Friend</span></td><td>The Dean of St. Paul's</td><td align='right'><a href="#Our_Candid_Friend">70</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Peace and Intervention</span></td><td>Boyd Cable</td><td align='right'><a href="#Peace_and_Intervention">72</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Little Red Riding Hood</span></td><td>H. DeVere Stacpoole</td><td align='right'><a href="#Little_Red_Riding_Hood">74</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Sea Mine</span></td><td>Arthur Pollen</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Sea_Mine">76</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"Seduction"</span></td><td>G. K. Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#Seduction">78</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Murder on the High Seas</span></td><td>Arthur Pollen</td><td align='right'><a href="#Murder_on_the_High_Seas">80</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Ad Finem</span></td><td>John Oxenham</td><td align='right'><a href="#Ad_Finem">82</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"U'S"</span></td><td>Arthur Pollen</td><td align='right'><a href="#US">84</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Mater Dolorosa</span></td><td>Eden Phillpotts</td><td align='right'><a href="#Mater_Dolorosa">86</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"Gott Strafe Italien!"</span></td><td>Ralph D. Blumenfeld</td><td align='right'><a href="#Gott_Strafe_Italien">88</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Serbia</span></td><td>Sir Sidney Lee</td><td align='right'><a href="#Serbia90">90</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"Just a Moment&mdash;I'm Coming"</span></td><td>Boyd Cable</td><td align='right'><a href="#Just_a_Moment_Im_Coming">92</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Holy War</span></td><td>Boyd Cable</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Holy_War">94</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"Gott Mit Uns"</span></td><td>Eden Phillpotts</td><td align='right'><a href="#Gott_Mit_Uns96">96</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Widows of Belgium</span></td><td>The Dean of St. Paul's</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Widows_of_Belgium">98</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Harvest Is Ripe</span></td><td>William Mitchell Ramsay</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Harvest_Is_Ripe">100</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"Unmasked"</span></td><td>Boyd Cable</td><td align='right'><a href="#Unmasked">102</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Great Surprise</span></td><td>G. K. Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Great_Surprise">104</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Thou Art the Man!</span></td><td>John Oxenham</td><td align='right'><a href="#Thou_Art_the_Man">106</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Sympathy</span></td><td>Ralph D. Blumenfeld</td><td align='right'><a href="#Sympathy">108</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Refugees</span></td><td>Joseph Thorp</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Refugees">110</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"The Junker"</span></td><td>Clive Holland</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Junker">112</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"Au Milieu De Fant&ocirc;mes Tristes Et Sans Nombre"</span></td><td>Alice Meynell</td><td align='right'><a href="#Milieu_De_Fantomes_Tristes_Et_Sans_Nombre">114</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Bluebeard's Chamber</span></td><td>William Mitchell Ramsay</td><td align='right'><a href="#Bluebeards_Chamber">116</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Raid</span></td><td>Arthur Pollen</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Raid">118</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Better a Living Dog Than a Dead Lion</span></td><td>Arthur Shadwell</td><td align='right'><a href="#Better_a_Living_Dog_Than_a_Dead_Lion">120</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"The Burden of the Intolerable Day"</span></td><td>William Mitchell Ramsay</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Burden_of_the_Intolerable_Day">122</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Eagle in Hen-run</span></td><td>Boyd Cable</td><td align='right'><a href="#Eagle_in_Hen-run">124</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Future</span></td><td>Sidney Lee</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Future">126</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Christ or Odin?</span></td><td>Bernard Vaughan</td><td align='right'><a href="#Christ_or_Odin">128</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Ferdinand</span></td><td>Edmund Gosse</td><td align='right'><a href="#Ferdinand">130</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Juggernaut</span></td><td>John Oxenham</td><td align='right'><a href="#Juggernaut">132</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Michael and the Marks</span></td><td>W. M. J. Williams</td><td align='right'><a href="#Michael_and_the_Marks">134</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Their Beresina</span></td><td>John Oxenham</td><td align='right'><a href="#Their_Beresina">136</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">New Peace Offers</span></td><td>W. L. Courtney</td><td align='right'><a href="#New_Peace_Offers">138</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Shields of Rosselaere</span></td><td>William Mitchell Ramsay</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Shields_of_Rosselaere">140</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Obstinacy of Nicholas</span></td><td>Joseph Thorp</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Obstinacy_of_Nicholas">142</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Order of Merit</span></td><td>Ralph D. Blumenfeld</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Order_of_Merit">144</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Marshes of Pinsk</span></td><td>Alice Meynell</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Marshes_of_Pinsk">146</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">God With Us </span></td><td>John Buchan</td><td align='right'><a href="#God_With_Us">148</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Ferdinand the Chameleon</span></td><td>G. K. Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#Ferdinand_the_Chameleon">150</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Latin Sisters</span></td><td>Horace Annesley Vachell</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Latin_Sisters">152</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Misunderstood</span></td><td>Joseph Thorp</td><td align='right'><a href="#Misunderstood">154</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Prosperity Reigns in Flanders</span></td><td>Cecil Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#Prosperity_Reigns_in_Flanders">156</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Last Hohenzollern</span></td><td>E. Charles Vivian</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Last_Hohenzollern">158</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Piracy</span></td><td>Arthur Pollen</td><td align='right'><a href="#Piracy">160</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"Weeping, She Hath Wept"</span></td><td>Father Bernard Vaughan</td><td align='right'><a href="#Weeping_She_Hath_Wept">162</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Military Necessity</span></td><td>Eden Phillpotts</td><td align='right'><a href="#Military_Necessity">164</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Libert&eacute;! Libert&eacute;, Ch&eacute;rie!</span></td><td>John Oxenham</td><td align='right'><a href="#Liberte_Liberte_Cherie">166</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">I&mdash;"A Knavish Piece of Work"</span></td><td>George Birdwood</td><td align='right'><a href="#I_A_Knavish_Piece_of_Work">168</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">II&mdash;"Sisyphus,&mdash;His Stone"</span></td><td>George Birdwood</td><td align='right'><a href="#II_SisyphusmdashHis_Stone">170</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Concrete Foundations</span></td><td>A. Shadwell</td><td align='right'><a href="#Concrete_Foundations">172</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Pallas Athene</span></td><td>Herbert Warner</td><td align='right'><a href="#Pallas_Athene">174</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Wonders of Culture</span></td><td>Clive Holland</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Wonders_of_Culture">176</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"Folk Who Do Not Understand Them"</span></td><td>Bernard Vaughan</td><td align='right'><a href="#Folk_Who_Do_Not_Understand_Them">178</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">On The Way to Calais</span></td><td>Eden Phillpotts</td><td align='right'><a href="#On_the_Way_to_Calais">180</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Von Bethmann-Hollweg and Truth</span></td><td>Herbert Warren</td><td align='right'><a href="#Von_Bethmann-Hollweg_and_Truth">182</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Van Tromp and De Ruyter</span></td><td>Arthur Pollen</td><td align='right'><a href="#Van_Tromp_and_De_Ruyter">184</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">War and Christ</span></td><td>Cecil Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#War_and_Christ">186</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Barbed Wire</span></td><td>E. Charles Vivian</td><td align='right'><a href="#Barbed_Wire">188</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Higher Politics</span></td><td>Boyd Cable</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Higher_Politics">190</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Loan Game</span></td><td>W. M. J. Williams</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Loan_Game">192</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">A War of Rapine</span></td><td>E. Charles Vivian</td><td align='right'><a href="#A_War_of_Rapine">194</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Dutch Junkers</span></td><td>A. Shadwell</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Dutch_Junkers">196</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The War Makers</span></td><td>John Oxenham</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_War_Makers">198</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Christmas of Kultur</span>, A.D. 1915      </td><td>A. Shadwell</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Christmas_of_Kultur_AD_1915">200</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Serbia</span></td><td>Horace Annesley Vachell</td><td align='right'><a href="#Serbia202">202</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Last of the Race</span></td><td>Arthur Pollen</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Last_of_the_Race">204</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Curriculum</span></td><td>W. M. J. Williams</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Curriculum">206</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Dutch Journalist to His Belgian Confr&egrave;re</span></td><td>G. K. Chesterton</td><td align='right'>       208</td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">A Bored Critic</span></td><td>Eden Phillpotts</td><td align='right'><a href="#A_Bored_Critic">210</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"The Peace Woman"</span></td><td>Clive Holland</td><td align='right'><a href="#THE_PEACE_WOMAN">212</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Self-satisfied Burgher</span></td><td>W. L. Courtney</td><td align='right'>       214</td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Decadent</span></td><td>John Oxenham</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Decadent">216</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Liquid Fire</span></td><td>Clive Holland</td><td align='right'><a href="#Liquid_Fire">218</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Nish and Paris</span></td><td>Sidney Lee</td><td align='right'><a href="#Nish_and_Paris">220</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Gott Strafe England!</span></td><td>Cecil Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#Gott_Strafe_England">222</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Pacificist Kaiser (The Confederates)</span></td><td>Sidney Lee</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Pacificist_Kaiser">224</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Dinant</span></td><td>W. R. Inge</td><td align='right'><a href="#Dinant">226</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"Hesperia" (Wounded First)</span></td><td>H. DeVere Stacpoole</td><td align='right'><a href="#Hesperia_Wounded_First">228</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Gallipoli</span></td><td>G. K. Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#Gallipoli">230</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Beginning of the Expiation</span></td><td> G. K. Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Beginning_of_the_Expiation">232</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Shirkers</span></td><td>Sidney Lee</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Shirkers">234</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">One of the Kaiser's Many Mistakes</span></td><td>John Oxenham</td><td align='right'><a href="#One_of_the_Kaisers_Many_Mistakes">236</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Belgium in Holland</span></td><td>Edmund Gosse</td><td align='right'><a href="#Belgium_in_Holland">238</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Serbia</span></td><td>William Mitchell Ramsay</td><td align='right'><a href="#Serbia240">240</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Jackals in the Political Field</span></td><td>Herbert Warren</td><td align='right'><a href="#Jackals_in_the_Political_Field">242</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">A Letter from the German Trenches</span></td><td>Cecil Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#A_Letter_from_the_German_Trenches">244</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">His Master's Voice</span></td><td>A. Shadwell</td><td align='right'><a href="#His_Masters_Voice">246</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Hun Generosity</span></td><td>Horace Annesley Vachell</td><td align='right'><a href="#Hun_Generosity">248</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Easter, 1915</span></td><td>G. K. Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#Easter_1915">250</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Pan Germanicus as Peace Maker</span></td><td>Alfred Stead</td><td align='right'><a href="#Pan_Germanicus_as_Peace_Maker">252</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Gott Mit Uns</span></td><td>Cecil Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#Gott_Mit_Uns254">254</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Our Lady of Antwerp</span></td><td>W. L. Courtney</td><td align='right'><a href="#Our_Lady_of_Antwerp">256</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Deportation</span></td><td>Cecil Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#Deportation">258</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The German Band</span></td><td>John Oxenham</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_German_Band">260</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Arcades Ambo</span></td><td>Horace Annesley Vachell</td><td align='right'><a href="#Arcades_Ambo">262</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"Is It You, Mother?"</span></td><td>Sidney Lee</td><td align='right'><a href="#Is_It_You_Mother">264</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Fate of Flemish Art at the Hands of Kultur</span></td><td>Arthur Morrison</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Fate_of_Flemish_Art_at_the_Hands_of_Kultur">266</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Graves of All His Hopes</span></td><td>H. DeVere Stacpoole</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Graves_of_All_His_Hopes">268</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"My Sixth Son is Now Lying Here&mdash;Where Are Yours?"</span></td><td>H. DeVere Stacpoole</td><td align='right'><a href="#My_Sixth_Son_Is_Now_Lying_Here_Where_Are_Yours">270</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Bunkered</span></td><td>W. R. Inge</td><td align='right'><a href="#Bunkered">272</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Gott Strafe Verdun</span></td><td>W. R. Inge</td><td align='right'><a href="#Gott_Strafe_Verdun">274</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Last Throw</span></td><td>E. Charles Vivian</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Last_Throw">276</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Zeppelin Bag</span></td><td>Clive Holland</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Zeppelin_Bag">278</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"Come In, Michael, I Have Had a Long Sleep"</span></td><td>Horace Annesley Vachell</td><td align='right'><a href="#Come_in_Michael_I_Have_Had_a_Long_Sleep">280</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Five on a Bench</span></td><td>G. K. Chesterton</td><td align='right'><a href="#Five_on_a_Bench">282</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">What About Peace, Lads?</span></td><td>W. R. Inge</td><td align='right'><a href="#What_About_Peace_Lads">284</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Liberators</span></td><td>Joseph Thorp</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Liberators">286</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Tom Thumb and the Giant</span></td><td>E. Charles Vivian</td><td align='right'><a href="#Tom_Thumb_and_the_Giant">288</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">"We Have Finished Off the Russians"</span></td><td>E. Charles Vivian</td><td align='right'><a href="#We_Have_Finished_Off_the_Russians">290</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">Muddle Through</span></td><td>Clive Holland</td><td align='right'><a href="#Muddle_Through">292</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">My Enemy Is My Best Friend</span></td><td>William Mitchell Ramsay</td><td align='right'><a href="#My_Enemy_Is_My_Best_Friend">294</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">How I Deal With the Small Fry</span></td><td>Clive Holland</td><td align='right'><a href="#How_I_Deal_With_the_Small_Fry">296</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Two Eagles</span></td><td>A. Shadwell</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Two_Eagles">298</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">London Inside the Savoy</span></td><td>E. Charles Vivian</td><td align='right'><a href="#London_Inside_the_Savoy">300</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">London Outside the Savoy</span></td><td>E. Charles Vivian</td><td align='right'><a href="#London_Outside_the_Savoy">302</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><span class="smcap">The Invocation</span></td><td>A. Shadwell</td><td align='right'><a href="#The_Invocation">304</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class='major' />
+
+<h2>Introduction</h2>
+
+<p>Louis Raemaekers will stand out for all time as one of the supreme
+figures which the Great War has called into being. His genius has been
+enlisted in the service of mankind, and his work, being entirely sincere
+and untouched by racial or national prejudice, will endure; indeed, it
+promises to gain strength as the years advance. When the intense
+passions, which have been awakened by this world struggle, have faded
+away, civilization will regard the war largely through these wonderful
+drawings.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Before the war had been in progress many weeks the cartoons in the
+Amsterdam <i>Telegraaf</i> attracted attention in the capitals of Europe,
+many leading newspapers reproducing them. The German authorities, quick
+to realize their full significance, did all in their power to suppress
+them. Through German intrigue Raemaekers has been charged in the Dutch
+Courts with endangering the neutrality of Holland&mdash;and acquitted. A
+price has been set on his head, should he ever venture over the border.</p>
+
+<p>When he crossed to England, his wife received anonymous post-cards,
+warning her that his ship would certainly be torpedoed in the North Sea.
+The Cologne <i>Gazette</i>, in a leading article on Holland, threatens that
+country that "after the War Germany will settle accounts with Holland,
+and for each calumny, for each cartoon of Raemaekers, she will demand
+payment with the interest that is due to her." Not since Saul and the
+men of Israel were in the valley of Elah fighting with the Philistines
+has so unexpected a champion arisen. With brush and pencil this Dutch
+painter will do even as David did with the smooth stone out of the
+brook: he will destroy the braggart Goliath, who, strong in his own
+might, defies the forces of the living God.</p>
+
+<p>When Mr. Raemaekers came to London in December, he was received by the
+Prime Minister, and was entertained at a complimentary luncheon by the
+Journalists of the British capital. Similar honour was conferred on him
+on his second visit. He was the guest of honour at the Savage Club; the
+Royal Society of Miniature Painters elected him an Honorary Member. But
+it has been left to France to pay the most fitting recognition to his
+genius and to his services in the cause of freedom and truth. The Cross
+of the Legion of Honour has been presented to him, and on his visit to
+Paris this month a special reception is to be held in his honour at La
+Sorbonne, which is the highest purely intellectual reward Europe can
+confer on any man.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The great Dutch cartoonist is now in his forty-seventh year. He was born
+in Holland, his father, who is dead, having been the editor of a
+provincial newspaper. His mother, who is still alive and exceedingly
+proud of her son's fame, is a German by birth, but rejoices that she
+married a Dutchman. Mr. Raemaekers, who is short, fair, and of a ruddy
+countenance, looks at least ten years younger than his age. He took up
+painting and drawing when quite young and learnt his art in Holland and
+in Brussels. All his life he has lived in his own country, but with
+frequent visits to Belgium and Germany, where, through his mother, he
+has many relations. Thus he knows by experience the nature of the
+peoples whom he depicts.</p>
+
+<p>For many years he was a landscape painter and a portrait painter, and
+made money and local reputation. Six or seven years ago he turned his
+attention to political work, and became a cartoonist and caricaturist on
+the staff of the Amsterdam <i>Telegraaf,</i> thus opening the way to a fame
+which is not only world-wide but which will endure as long as the memory
+of the Great War lasts. His ideas come to him naturally and without
+effort. Suggestions do not assist him; they hinder him when he
+endeavours to act on them. He is an artist to his finger-tips and throws
+the whole force of his being into his work. Some years ago he married a
+Dutch lady, who is devoted to music, and they have three children, two
+girls and a boy (the youngest); the eldest is now twelve. Very happy in
+his home, Mr. Raemaekers has no ambitions outside it, except to go on
+with his work. A Teuton paper has declared that Raemaekers' cartoons are
+worth at least two Army Corps to the Allies.</p>
+
+<p>The strong religious tendency which so often distinguishes his work
+makes one instinctively ask to what Church does the artist belong. He
+replies that he belongs to none, but was brought up a Catholic, and his
+wife a Protestant, and the differences which in later life severed each
+from their early teaching caused them to meet on common ground. But the
+intense Christian feeling of these drawings is beyond cavil or dispute:
+they again and again bring home to the heart the vital truths of the
+Faith with irresistible force, and the artist ever expresses the
+Christianity, not perhaps of the theologian, but of the honest and
+kindly man of the world.</p>
+
+<p>Praise has been bestowed upon his work by several German
+papers&mdash;qualified praise. The <i>Leipziger Volkszeitung</i> has declared that
+Raemaekers' cartoons show unimpeachable art and great power of
+execution, but that they all lack one thing. They have no wit, no
+spirit. Which is true&mdash;in a sense. They do lack wit&mdash;German wit; they do
+lack spirit&mdash;German spirit. And what German wit and German spirit may be
+one can comprehend by a study of Raemaekers' cartoons.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>It has been well said that no man living amidst these surging seas of
+blood and tears has come nearer to the r&ocirc;le of Peacemaker than
+Raemaekers. The Peace which he works for is not a matter of arrangement
+between diplomatists and politicians: it is the peace which the
+intelligence and the soul of the Western world shall insist on in the
+years to be. God grant it be not long delayed, but it can only come when
+the enemy is entirely overthrown and the victory is overwhelming and
+complete.</p>
+
+<table width='100%' summary=''>
+  <tr><td><span class="smcap">Empire House,</span></td><td align='right'>FRANCIS STOPFORD,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td></tr>
+  <tr><td><span class="smcap">&nbsp;&nbsp;Kingsway, London.</span></td><td align='right'><span class="smcap">Editor</span>, <i>Land and Water</i>.</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>February</i>, 1916.</td><td></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class='major' />
+
+<h2>An Appreciation from the Prime Minister</h2>
+
+<p style='text-align: right' class="smcap">Downing Street,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
+Whitehall, S. W.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Raemaekers' powerful work gives form and colour to the menace which
+the Allies are averting from the liberty, the civilization, and the
+humanity of the future. He shows us our enemies as they appear to the
+unbiassed eyes of a neutral, and wherever his pictures are seen
+determination will be strengthened to tolerate no end of the war save
+the final overthrow of the Prussian military power.</p>
+
+<p style='text-align: right'><i>Signed </i><span class='smcap'>H. H. ASQUITH.</span></p>
+
+<hr class='full' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_8' id="Page_8">8</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Christendom_After_Twenty_Centuries' id="Christendom_After_Twenty_Centuries"></a><i>Christendom After Twenty Centuries</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_9' id="Page_9">9</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-013.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>CHRISTENDOM AFTER TWENTY CENTURIES</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>These pictures, with their haunting sense of beauty and their biting
+satire, might almost have been drawn by the finger of the Accusing
+Angel. As the spectator gazes on them the full weight of the horrible
+cruelty and senseless futility of war overwhelms the soul, and, sinking
+helplessly beneath it, he feels inclined to assume the same attitude of
+despair as is shown in "Christendom After Twenty Centuries."</p>
+
+<p>"War is war," the Germans preached and practised, and no matter how
+clement and correct may be the humanity of the Allies, we realize
+through these pictures what the human race has to face and endure once
+peace be broken. Is "Christendom After Twenty Centuries" to be even as
+Christianity was in the first century&mdash;an excuse for the perpetration of
+mad cruelties by degenerate C&aelig;sars or Kaisers (spell it as you will) at
+their games? Cannot the higher and finer attributes of mankind be
+developed and strengthened without this apparently needless waste of
+agony and life? Is human nature only to be redeemed through the Cross,
+and must Calvary bear again and again its heavy load of human anguish?</p>
+
+<p>One cannot escape from this inner questioning as one gazes on
+Raemaekers' cartoons.</p>
+
+<p>FRANCIS STOPFORD.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_10' id="Page_10">10</a></span>
+<h2><a name='A_Stable_Peace' id="A_Stable_Peace"></a><b><i>A Stable Peace</i></b></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_11' id="Page_11">11</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-015.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>A STABLE PEACE<br /><span class="smcap">The Kaiser</span>: "And remember, if they do not accept, I deny altogether."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Were I privileged to have a hand at the Peace Conference, my cooperation
+would take the part of deeds and I should only ask to hang the walls of
+the council chamber with life-size reproductions of Raemaekers in
+blood-red frames. For human memory is weak, and as mind of man cannot
+grasp the meaning of a million, so may it well fail to keep steadily
+before itself the measure of Belgium&mdash;the rape and murder, the pillage
+and plunder, the pretences under which perished women and priests and
+children, the brutal tyranny&mdash;the left hand that beckoned in friendly
+fashion, the right hand, hidden with the steel.</p>
+
+<p>We can very safely leave France to remember Northern France and Russia
+not to forget Poland; but let Belgium and Serbia be at the front of the
+British mind and conscience; let her lift her eyes to these scorching
+pictures when Germany fights with all her cunning for a peace that shall
+leave Prussia scotched, not killed.</p>
+
+<p>Already one reads despondent articles, that the English tradition, to
+forgive and forget, is going to wreck the peace; and students of
+psychology fear that within us lie ineradicable qualities that will save
+the situation for Germany at the end.</p>
+
+<p>To suspect such a national weakness is surely to arm against it and see
+that our contribution to the Peace Conference shall not stultify our
+contribution to the War.</p>
+
+<p>The Germans have been kite-flying for six months, to see which way the
+wind blows; and when the steady hurricane broke the strings and flung
+the kites headlong to earth, those who sent them up were sufficiently
+proclaimed by their haste to disclaim.</p>
+
+<p>But when the actual conditions are created and the new "Scrap of Paper"
+comes to light, since German honour is dead and her oath in her own
+sight worthless, let it be worthless in our sight also, and let the
+terms of peace preclude her power to perjure herself again. Make her
+honest by depriving her of the strength to be dishonest. There is only
+one thing on earth the German will ever respect, and that is superior
+force. May Berlin, therefore, see an army of occupation; and may "peace"
+be a word banished from every Allied tongue until that preliminary
+condition of peace is accomplished, and Germany sees other armies than
+her own.</p>
+
+<p>Reason has been denied speech in this war; but if she is similarly
+banished from the company of the peace-makers, then woe betide the
+constitution of the thing they will create, for a "stable peace" must be
+the very last desire of those now doomed to defeat.</p>
+
+<p>EDEN PHILLPOTTS.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_12' id="Page_12">12</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_Massacre_of_the_Innocents' id="The_Massacre_of_the_Innocents"></a><i>The Massacre of the Innocents</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_13' id="Page_13">13</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-017.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>THE MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS<br />"We <i>must</i> do everything in good order&mdash;so men to the right, women to
+the left."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Some "neutrals," and even some of the people here in England, still
+doubt the reality of the German atrocities in Belgium, but Raemaekers
+has seen and spoken with those to whom the scene depicted in this
+cartoon is an ugly reality. One who would understand it to the full must
+visualize the hands behind the thrusting rifle butts, and the faces
+behind the hands, as well as the praying, maddened, despairing, vengeful
+women of the picture&mdash;and must visualize, too, the men thrust back
+another way, to wait <i>their</i> fate at the hands of these apostles of a
+civilization of force.</p>
+
+<p>Yet even then full realization is impossible; the man whose pencil has
+limned these faces has only caught a far-off echo of the reality, and
+thus we who see his picture are yet another stage removed from the full
+horror of the scene that he gives us. Not on us, in England, have the
+rifle butts fallen; not for us has it chanced that we should be
+shepherded "men to the right, women to the left"; not ours the trenched
+graves and the extremity of shame. Thus it is not for us to speak, as
+the people of Belgium and Northern France will speak, of the limits of
+endurance, and of war's last terrors imposed on those whom war should
+have passed by and left untouched. We gather, dimly and with but a tithe
+of the feeling that experience can impart, that these extremities of
+shame and suffering have been imposed on a people that has done no
+wrong, and we may gain some slight satisfaction from the thought that to
+this nation is apportioned a share in the work of vengeance on the
+criminals.</p>
+
+<p>E. CHARLES VIVIAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_14' id="Page_14">14</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Bernhardiism' id="Bernhardiism"></a><i>Bernhardiism</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_15' id="Page_15">15</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-019.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>BERNHARDIISM<br />"It's all right. If I hadn't done it some one else might."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>It is the most bestial part of this most bestial thing that it is
+calculated and a matter of orders. The private soldier takes his share
+of the loot, and is generally the instrument of the cold and ordered
+killing; but it is the officer-class which most profits in goods, and it
+is the higher command which dictates the policy. It was so in 1870. It
+is much more so to-day.</p>
+
+<p>This note of calculation is particularly to be seen in the fluctuations
+through which that policy has passed. When the enemy was absolutely
+certain of victory, outnumbering the invader by nearly two to one and
+sweeping all before him, we had massacres upon massacres: Louvain,
+Aerschot, the wholesale butchery of Dinant, the Lorraine villages (and
+in particular the hell of Gu&eacute;bervilliers). Even at the very extremity of
+his tide of invasion, and in the last days of it, came the atrocities
+and destruction of Sermaize. In the very act of the defeat which has
+pinned him and began the process of his destruction he was attempting
+yet a further repetition of these unnameable things at Senlis under the
+very gates of Paris.</p>
+
+<p>Then came the months when he felt less secure. The whole thing was at
+once toned down by order. Pillage was reduced to isolated cases, and
+murder also. Few children suffered.</p>
+
+<p>A recovery of confidence throughout his Eastern successes last summer
+renewed the crimes. Poland is full of them, and the Serbian land as
+well.</p>
+
+<p>In general, you have throughout these months of his ordeal a regular
+succession, of excess in vileness when he is confident, of restraint in
+it when he is touched by fear.</p>
+
+<p>This effect of fear upon the dull soul is a characteristic familiar to
+all men who know their Prussian from history, particularly the wealthier
+governing classes of Prussia. It is a characteristic which those who are
+in authority during this war will do well to bear in mind. Properly
+used, that knowledge may be made an instrument of victory.</p>
+
+<p>HILAIRE BELLOC.</p>
+
+<hr class='full'  style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_16' id="Page_16">16</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='From_Liege_to_Aix-La-Chapelle' id="From_Liege_to_Aix-La-Chapelle"></a><i>From Li&egrave;ge to Aix-La-Chapelle</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_17' id="Page_17">17</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-021.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>FROM LI&Egrave;GE TO AIX-LA-CHAPELLE</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Moreover, by the means of Wisdom I shall obtain immortality, and leave
+behind me an everlasting memorial to them that come after me.</p>
+
+<p>"I shall set the people in order, and the nations shall be subject unto
+me.</p>
+
+<p>"Horrible tyrants shall be afraid, when they do but hear of me; I shall
+be found good among the multitude, and valiant in war." (Wisdom viii.
+13, 14, 15.)</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 30%' />
+
+<p>Wisdom and Wisdom alone could have painted this terrible picture the
+most terrible perhaps which Raemaekers has ever done and yet the
+simplest. That he should have dared to leave almost everything to the
+imagination of the beholder is evidence of the wonderful power which he
+exercises over the mind of the people. Each of us knows what is in that
+goods-van and we shudder at its hideous hidden freight, fearing lest it
+may be disclosed before our eyes. Wisdom is but another name for supreme
+genius. So apposite are the verses which are quoted here from "The
+Wisdom of Solomon" in the "Apocrypha" that they seem almost to have been
+written on Louis Raemaekers.</p>
+
+<p>Moreover, this picture brings home to all of us in the most forcible
+manner possible the full reality of the horror of war.</p>
+
+<p>FRANCIS STOPFORD.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_18' id="Page_18">18</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Spoils_for_the_Victors' id="Spoils_for_the_Victors"></a><i>Spoils for the Victors</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_19' id='Page_19'>19</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-023.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>SPOILS FOR THE VICTORS<br />"We must despoil Belgium if only to make room for our own culture."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The feature that will stamp Prussian War forever, and make this group of
+campaigns stand out from all others, is the <i>character</i> of its murder
+and pillage.</p>
+
+<p>Of all the historical ignorance upon which the foolish Pacifist's case
+is founded, perhaps the worst is the conception that these abominations
+are the natural accompaniment of war. They <i>have</i> attached to war when
+war was ill organised in type. But the more subject to rule it has
+become, the more men have gloried in arms, the more they have believed
+the high trade of soldier to be a pride, the more have they eliminated
+the pillage of the civilian and the slaughter of the innocent from its
+actions. Those things belong to violent passion and to lack of reason.
+Modern war and the chivalric tradition scorned them.</p>
+
+<p>The edges of the Germanies have, in the past, been touched by the
+chivalric tradition: Prussia never. That noblest inheritance of
+Christendom never reached out so far into the wilds. And to Germany, now
+wholly Prussianized&mdash;which will kill us or which we shall kill&mdash;soldier
+is no high thing, nor is their any meaning attached to the word
+"Glorious." War is for that State a business: a business only to be
+undertaken with profit against what is certainly weaker; to be
+undertaken without faith and with a cruelty in proportion to that
+weakness. In particular it must be a terror to women, to children, and
+to the aged&mdash;for these remain unarmed.</p>
+
+<p>This country alone of the original alliance has been spared pillage. It
+has not been spared murder. But this country, though the process has
+perhaps been more gradual than elsewhere, is very vividly alive to-day
+to what would necessarily follow the presence of German soldiery upon
+English land.</p>
+
+<p>HILAIRE BELLOC.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_20' id="Page_20">20</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_Very_Stones_Cry_Out' id="The_Very_Stones_Cry_Out"></a><i>The Very Stones Cry Out</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_21' id='Page_21'>21</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-025.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE VERY STONES CRY OUT</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>If the highly organized enemy with whom we are at grips in a
+life-and-death struggle would only play the war game in accordance with
+the rules drawn up by civilized peoples, he would, indeed, command our
+admiration no less than our respect. Never on this earth was there such
+a splendid fighting machine as that "made in Germany." The armies
+against us are the last word in discipline, fitness, and equipment; and
+are led by men who, born in barracks, weaned on munitions, have but one
+aim and end in view "World-Dominion or Downfall."</p>
+
+<p>As a matter of fact, instead of winning our admiration they have drawn
+our detestation. Not content with brushing aside all international laws
+of warfare, they have trampled upon every law, human and divine,
+standing in their way of conquest. Indeed, Germany's method of fighting
+would disgrace the savages of Central Africa.</p>
+
+<p>Prussianized Germany has the monopoly of "frightfulness." When not
+"frightful," Prussian troopers are not living down to the instructions
+of their War-lords to leave the conquered with nothing but eyes to weep
+with. Not content to crucify Canadians, murder priests, violate nuns,
+mishandle women, and bayonet children, the enemy torpedoes
+civilian-carrying liners, and bombs Red Cross hospitals. More, sinning
+against posterity as well as antiquity, Germans stand charged before man
+and God with reducing to ashes some of the finest artistic output of
+Christian civilization. When accused of crimes such as these, Germany
+answers through her generals: "The commonest, ugliest stone put to mark
+the burial-place of a German grenadier is a more glorious and venerable
+monument than all the cathedrals of Europe put together" (General von
+Disfurth in <i>Hamburger Nachrichten)</i>. "Thus is fulfilled the well-known
+prophecy of Heine: 'When once that restraining talisman, the Cross, is
+broken ... Thor, with his colossal hammer, will leap up, and with it
+shatter into fragments the Gothic cathedrals'" <i>(Religion and Philosophy
+in Germany in the Nineteenth Century)</i>.</p>
+
+<p>What, I ask, can you do with such people but either crush or civilize
+them?</p>
+
+<p>The very stones cry out against them.</p>
+
+<p>BERNARD VAUGHAN, S.J.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_22' id="Page_22">22</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Satans_Partner' id="Satans_Partner"></a>Satan's Partner</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_23' id='Page_23'>23</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-027.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>SATAN'S PARTNER<br /><span class="smcap">Bernhardi</span>: "War is as divine as eating and
+drinking."<br /><span class="smcap">Satan</span>: "Here is a partner for me."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The cartoon bears the quotation from Bernhardi "War is as divine as
+eating and drinking." Yes; and German war is as divine as German eating
+and drinking. Any one who has been in a German restaurant during that
+mammoth midday meal which generally precedes a sleep akin to a
+hibernation, will understand how the same strange barbarous solemnity
+has ruined all the real romance of war. There is no way of conveying the
+distinction, except by saying vaguely that there is a way of doing
+things, and that butchering is not necessary to a good army any more
+than gobbling is necessary to a good dinner. In our own insular
+shorthand it can be, insufficiently and narrowly but not unprofitably,
+expressed by saying that it is possible both to fight and to eat like a
+gentleman. It is therefore highly significant that Mr. Raemaekers has in
+this cartoon conceived the devil primarily as a kind of ogre. It is a
+matter of great interest that this Dutch man of genius, like that other
+genius whose pencil war has turned into a sword, Will Dyson, lends in
+the presence of Prussia (which has been for many moderns their first
+glimpse of absolute or positive evil) to depriving the devil of all that
+moonshine of dignity which sentimental sceptics have given him. Evil
+does not mean dignity, any more than it means any other good thing. The
+stronger caricaturists have, in a sense, fallen back on the medieval
+devil; not because he is more mystical, but because he is more material.
+The face of Raemaekers' Satan, with its lifted jowl and bared teeth, has
+less of the half-truth of cynicism than of mere ignominious greed. The
+armies are spread out for him as a banquet; and the war which he
+praises, and which was really spread for him in Flanders, is not a
+Crusade but a cannibal feast.</p>
+
+<p>G. K. CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_24' id="Page_24">24</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Thrown_to_the_Swine' id="Thrown_to_the_Swine"></a><i>Thrown to the Swine</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_25' id='Page_25'>25</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-029.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THROWN TO THE SWINE<br />The Martyred Nurse</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Germans have committed many more indefensible crimes than the
+military execution of the kind-hearted nurse who had helped
+war-prisoners to escape. They have murdered hundreds of women who had
+committed no offence whatever against their military rules. But though
+not the worst of their misdeeds, this has probably been the stupidest.
+It gained us almost as many recruits as the sinking of the <i>Lusitania</i>,
+and it made the whole world understand&mdash;what is unhappily the
+truth&mdash;that the German is wholly destitute of chivalry. He knows indeed
+that people of other nations are affected by this sentiment; but he
+despises them for it. Woman is the weaker vessel; and therefore,
+according to his code, she must be taught to know her place, which is to
+cook and sew, and produce "cannon-fodder" for the Government. Readers of
+Schopenhauer and Nietzsche will remember the advice given by those
+philosophers for the treatment of women. Nietzsche recommends a whip. It
+never occurred to German officialdom that the pedantic condemnation of
+one obscure woman, guilty by the letter of their law, would stir the
+heart of England and America to the depths, and steel our soldiers to
+further efforts against an enemy whose moral unlikeness to ourselves
+becomes more apparent with every new phase in the struggle.</p>
+
+<p>THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_26' id="Page_26">26</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_Land_Mine' id="The_Land_Mine"></a><i>The Land Mine</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_27' id='Page_27'>27</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-031.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE LAND MINE</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>What does this cartoon suggest? I am asked and I ask myself. At first
+very little, almost nothing, only uninteresting, ugly death, gloomy,
+ghastly, dismal, but dull and largely featureless, blank and negative.
+Has the artist's power failed him? No, it is strongly drawn. Has his
+inspiration? What does it mean? Is it indeed meant? As I gaze and pore
+on it longer, I seem to see that it is just in this blank negation that
+its strength and its suggestion lie. It is meant. It has meaning. A
+blast has passed over this place, and this is its sequel, its derelict
+rubbish.</p>
+
+<p>It is death unredeemed, death with no very positive suggestion, with no
+hint of heroism, none of heroic action, little even of heroic passion;
+just death, helpless, hopeless, pointing to nothing but decomposition,
+decay, disappearance, <i>an&eacute;antissement</i>, reduction of the fair frame of
+life to nothingness. That is the peculiar horror of this war. Were the
+picture, as it well might be, even more hideous, and did it suggest
+something more definite, a story of struggle, say, recorded in
+contortion, or by wounds and weapons, it might be better.</p>
+
+<p>But men killed by machines, men killed by natural forces unnaturally
+employed, are indeed a fact and a spectacle squalid, sorry, unutterably
+sad.</p>
+
+<p>All wars have been horrible, but modern wars are more in extremes.
+Heroism is there, but not always. It is possible only in patches. There
+is much of the mere sacrifice of numbers. Strictly, there are scenes far
+worse than this, for death unredeemed is not the worst of sufferings or
+of ills. But few are sadder. This is indeed war made by those who hold
+it and will it to be "not a sport, but a science." There is no sport
+here. Men killed like this are like men killed by plague or the eruption
+of a volcano. And, indeed, what else are they? They are victims of a
+diseased humanity of the eruption&mdash;literal and metaphorical&mdash;of its
+hidden fires. And wars will grow more and more like this. What can stop
+them and banish these scenes? Only the hate of hate, only the love that
+can redeem even such a sight as this when at last we remember that it is
+for love's sake only that flesh and blood are in the last retort content
+to endure it.</p>
+
+<p>HERBERT WARREN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_28' id="Page_28">28</a></span>
+<h2><a name='For_Your_Motherland' id="For_Your_Motherland"></a>"<i>For Your Motherland</i>"</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_29' id='Page_29'>29</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-033.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"MY SON, GO AND FIGHT FOR YOUR MOTHERLAND!"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>England's your Mother! Let your life acclaim<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Her precious heart's blood flowing in your heart;</span><br />
+Take ye the thunder of her solemn name<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Upon your lips with reverence; play your part</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">By word and deed</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To shield and speed</span><br />
+The far-flung splendour of her ancient fame.<br />
+<br />
+England's your Mother! Shall not you, her child,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Quicken the everlasting fires that glow</span><br />
+Upon your birthright's altar? England smiled<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Beside your cradle, trusting you to show,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">With manhood's might,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The undying light</span><br />
+That points the road her free-born spirits go.<br />
+<br />
+England's your Mother! Man, forget it not<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wherever on the wide-wayed earth your fate</span><br />
+Calls you to labour; whatsoe'er your lot<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In service, or in power, in stress or state&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Whate'er betide,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">With humble pride,</span><br />
+Remember! By your Mother you are great.<br />
+<br />
+England's your Mother! What though dark the day<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Above the storm-swept frontier that you tread?</span><br />
+Her vanished children throng the glorious way;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A myriad legions of her living dead</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Those starry trains</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That shared your pains</span><br />
+Shall set their crown of light upon your head.<br />
+<br />
+England's your Mother! When the race is run<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And you are called to leave your life and die,</span><br />
+Small matter what is lost, so this be won:<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An after-glow of blessed memory,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Gracious and pure,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">In witness sure</span><br />
+"England was this man's Mother: he, her son."<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>EDEN PHILLPOTTS.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_30' id="Page_30">30</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_German_Loan' id="The_German_Loan"></a><i>The German Loan</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_31' id='Page_31'>31</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-035.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE GERMAN LOAN<br />"Don't breathe on the bubble or the whole will collapse"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The bubble is very nicely balanced, for German "kultur," which is in
+reality but another word for "system" or "organization," rather than
+that which English-speaking people understand by "culture," has built up
+a system of internal credit that shall ensure the correct balance of the
+bubble&mdash;for just as long as the militarist policy of Germany can endure
+the strain of war. But money alone is not sufficient for victory; the
+peasant hard put to it to suppress his laugh, and the crowned Germania
+that built up the paper pedestal of the bubble, needed many other things
+to make that pedestal secure; there was needed integrity, and the
+respect of neighbouring nations, and the understanding of other points
+of view beside the doctrine of force, and liberty instead of coercion of
+a whole nation, and many other things that the older civilizations of
+Europe have accepted as parts of their code of life&mdash;the things this
+new, upstart Germany has not had time to learn. Thus, with the paper
+credit&mdash;and even with the gold reserve of which Germany has boasted, the
+pedestal is but paper. And the winds that blow from the flooded,
+corpse-strewn districts of the Yser, from Artois, from Champagne and the
+Vosges hills and forests, and from the long, long line of Russia's grim
+defences&mdash;these winds shall blow it away, leaving a nation bankrupt not
+only in money, but in the power to coerce, in the power to inspire fear,
+and in all those things out of which the Hohenzollern dynasty has built
+up the last empire of force.</p>
+
+<p>E. CHARLES VIVIAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_32' id="Page_32">32</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Europe_1916' id="Europe_1916"></a><i>Europe, 1916</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_33' id='Page_33'>33</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-037.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>EUROPE, 1916<br />"Am I not yet sufficiently civilized?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There are some English critics who have not yet considered so simple a
+thing as that the case against horrors must be horrible. In this respect
+alone this publication of the work of the distinguished foreign
+cartoonist is a thing for our attention and enlightenment. It is the
+whole point of the awful experience which has to-day swallowed up all
+our smaller experiences, that we are in any case confronted with the
+abominable; and the most beautiful thing we can hope to show is only an
+abomination of it. Nevertheless, there is horror and horror. The
+distinction between brute exaggeration and artistic emphasis could
+hardly be better studied than in Mr. Raemaekers' cartoon, and the use he
+makes of the very ancient symbol of the wheel. Europe is represented as
+dragged and broken upon the wheel as in the old torture; but the wheel
+is that of a modern cannon, so that the dim background can be filled in
+with the suggestion of a wholly modern machinery. This is a very true
+satire; for there are many scientific persons who seem to be quite
+reconciled to the crushing of humanity by a vague mechanical environment
+in which there are wheels within wheels. But the inner restraint of the
+artist is suggested in the treatment of the torment itself; which is
+suggested by a certain rending drag in the garments, while the limbs are
+limp and the head almost somnolent. She does not strive nor cry; neither
+is her voice heard in the streets. The artist had not to draw pain but
+to draw despair; and while the pain is old enough the particular despair
+is modern. The victim racked for a creed could at least cry "I am
+converted." But here even the terms of surrender are unknowable; and she
+can only ask "Am I civilized?"</p>
+
+<p>G. K. CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_34' id="Page_34">34</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_Next_to_Be_Kicked_Out_Dumbas_Master' id="The_Next_to_Be_Kicked_Out_Dumbas_Master"></a><i>The Next to Be Kicked Out&mdash;Dumba's Master</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_35' id='Page_35'>35</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-039.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE NEXT TO BE KICKED OUT&mdash;DUMBA'S MASTER]</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Uncle Sam is no longer the simple New England farmer of a century ago.
+He is rich beyond calculation. His family is more numerous than that of
+any European country save Russia. His interests are world-wide, his
+trade tremendous, his industry complex, his finance fabulous. Above all,
+his family is no longer of one race. The hatreds of Europe are not
+echoed in his house; they are shared and reverberate through his
+corridors. It is difficult, then, for him to take the simple views of
+right and wrong, of justice and humanity, that he took a century ago. He
+is tempted to balance a hundred sophistries against the principles of
+freedom and good faith that yet burn strongly within him. He is driven
+to temporize with the evil thing he hates, because he fears, if he does
+not, that his household will be split, and thus the greater evil befall
+him. But those that personify the evil may goad him once too often.
+Dumba the lesser criminal&mdash;as also the less dexterous&mdash;has betrayed
+himself and is expelled. When will Bernstorff's turn come? That it will
+come, indeed <i>must</i> come, is self-evident. The artist sees things too
+clearly as they are not to see also what they will be. He therefore
+skips the ignoble interlude of prevarication, quibble, and intrigue, and
+gives us Uncle Sam happy at last in his recovered simplicity. So we see
+him here, enjoying himself, as only a white man can, in a wholehearted
+spurning of lies, cruelty, and murder.</p>
+
+<p>Note that Bernstorff&mdash;the victim of a gesture "fortunately rare amongst
+gentlemen"&mdash;is already in full flight through the air, while Uncle Sam's
+left foot has still fifteen inches to travel. The promise of an added
+velocity indicates that the flight of the unmasked diplomatist will be
+far. The sketched vista of descending steps gives us the satisfaction of
+knowing that the drop at the end will be deep. Every muscle of our
+sinewy relative is tense, limp, and projectile&mdash;the mouthpiece of
+Prussia goes to his inevitable end. There is no need of a sequel to show
+him shattered and crumpled at the bottom of the stairway.</p>
+
+<p>ARTHUR POLLEN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_36' id="Page_36">36</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_Friendly_Visitor' id="The_Friendly_Visitor"></a><i>The Friendly Visitor</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_37' id='Page_37'>37</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-041.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE FRIENDLY VISITOR<br /><span class="smcap">The German</span>: "I come as a friend."<br /><span class="smcap">Holland</span>: "Oh, yes. I've heard that from my Belgian sister."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Raemaekers is never false, and he never works for effect alone. That is
+what makes him so terrible to the people he criticises, and so
+effective.</p>
+
+<p>When he wants to depict the sturdy Dutch soul he draws a sturdy Dutch
+Body&mdash;ready to defend her home. No flags, no highfalutin, no symbolical
+figure posed for show; just cleanliness, determination, and good sense
+facing bestiality and oppression.</p>
+
+<p>The figure that stands for the Freedom of the Home opposed to the figure
+that stands for the Freedom of the Seas.</p>
+
+<p>Many an Englishman might take this picture to heart.</p>
+
+<p>H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_38' id="Page_38">38</a></span>
+<h2><a name='To_Your_Health_Civilization' id="To_Your_Health_Civilization"></a>"<i>To Your Health, Civilization!</i>"</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_39' id='Page_39'>39</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-043.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"TO YOUR HEALTH, CIVILIZATION!"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This terrible cartoon points its own lesson so forcibly that its effect
+is more likely to be weakened than strengthened by any verbal comment.
+Death quaffs a goblet of human blood to the health of Civilization.
+Death has never enjoyed such a carnival of slaughter before, and it is
+Civilization that has made the holocaust possible. The comparatively
+simple methods of killing employed by barbarians could not have
+destroyed so many lives; nor could barbarian states have raised such
+huge armies. The artist makes us feel that such a war as this is an act
+of moral madness, a disgrace to our common humanity. It is true that
+some of the nations engaged are guiltless, and others almost guiltless;
+but there is a solidarity of European civilization which obliges us all
+to share the shame and sorrow of this monstrous crime. Universal war is
+the <i>reductio ad absurdum</i> of false political theories and false moral
+ideals; and the <i>reductio ad absurdum</i> is the chief argument which
+Providence uses with mankind. Perhaps it is the only argument which
+mankind in the mass can understand.</p>
+
+<p>THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_40' id="Page_40">40</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Fox_Tirpitz_Preaching_to_the_Geese' id="Fox_Tirpitz_Preaching_to_the_Geese"></a><i>Fox Tirpitz Preaching to the Geese</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_41' id='Page_41'>41</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-045.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>FOX TIRPITZ PREACHING TO THE GEESE><br />"You see, my little Dutch geese, I am fighting for the freedom of the seas." (The Germans illegally captured several Dutch ships)</p>
+</div>
+<p>There is nothing more pathetic in some ways to-day than the position of
+the small neutral countries in Europe, and especially those which
+directly adjoin Germany. And there is nothing more galling than the
+inability of the Allies to give them any help. For the hour they are
+absolutely at the mercy of Germany, or would be, if she had any, and
+they know it. They are certainly liable and exposed to all her flouts
+and cuffs and to any displays of bad temper or bullying or terrorism it
+may please her to exercise. And none perhaps is worse off in this
+respect than Holland. It suits Germany to be fairly civil to
+Switzerland, who could give her a good deal of trouble by joining France
+and Italy; and no doubt it suits her too to some extent to consider
+Denmark, for Denmark commands the entrance to the Baltic; and, further,
+Germany does not wish to bring all Scandinavia down upon herself just at
+present. That can wait; but Holland is in the worst plight of all. She
+has the terrible spectacle of Belgium, ruined and ravaged, just on the
+other side of the way. And she has a very considerable and valuable
+mercantile marine.</p>
+
+<p>The great and good Germany cannot be troubled to distinguish between
+Dutch and other boats, and if occasionally a Dutch ship is captured or
+sent to the bottom, it is a useful reminder of what she might do to her
+"poor relation" if she really let herself go. Fighting for the freedom
+of the seas! Holland has fought for them herself. Holland has a great
+naval tradition. She knows quite well what England has been and is. She
+knows too, and can see, how her sons and brothers in South Africa were
+treated by the British in England's last war, and how they regard
+England and Germany now.</p>
+
+<p>Raemaekers' cartoon is very skilful. If we had not seen it done, we
+should not have believed it possible to produce at once so clever a
+likeness of Von Tirpitz and so excellent an old fox. But the goose is by
+no means a foolish bird, though its wisdom may sometimes be shown in
+knowing its own weakness. It was they, and not the watchdogs, that saved
+the Capitol. In old days it was the custom to call the Germans the "High
+Dutch" and the inhabitants of Holland the "Low Dutch." It was a
+geographical distinction. The contrast in moral elevation is the other
+way.</p>
+
+<p>HERBERT WARREN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_42' id="Page_42">42</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_Prisoners' id="The_Prisoners"></a><i>The Prisoners</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_43' id='Page_43'>43</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-047.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE PRISONERS</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>A Vile feature of German "frightfulness" is this: that she mixes poison
+with her prisoners' rations. Not content with starving their bodies, she
+hides truth from them and floods their minds with lies. Those in
+command&mdash;officers, educated men, claiming the service of their soldiers
+and civil guard and the respect of their nation&mdash;deliberately hash a
+daily meal of falsehood and serve up German victories and triumphs on
+land and sea as sauce to the starvation diet of their defenceless
+captives.</p>
+
+<p>In the earlier months of the war, while yet the spiritual slough into
+which Germany had sunk was unguessed, and the mixture of child and devil
+exemplified by "frightfulness" continued unfathomed, these daily lies
+undoubtedly answered their cowardly purpose, cast down the spirit of
+thousands, and added another pang to their captivity. But our armies
+know better now, and those diminishing numbers likely to be taken
+prisoner in the future see the end more clearly than the foe can. Lies
+will be met with laughter henceforth, for our enemies have put
+themselves beyond the pale. They may starve and insult our bodies; but
+their power to poison our brains has passed from them forever. We know
+them at last. They have spun a web of barbed villainy between their
+souls and ours; and the evil committed for one foul purpose alone&mdash;to
+terrify free men and break the spirit of the sons of liberty&mdash;has
+produced results far different and created a situation more terrible for
+them than for their outraged enemies.</p>
+
+<p>For in this matter of misrepresentation and lying, born of Prussia and
+by her spoon-fed pack of martinets, professors, and Churchmen, mingled
+with Germany's daily bread for a generation, it is she and not we who
+will reap the whirlwind of that sowing; it is she and not we who must
+soon pant and tear the breast in the pangs of the poison.</p>
+
+<p>Between the mad and the sane there can be only one victor; and when the
+time comes, may Germany's robe of repentance be a strait-waistcoat of
+the Allies' choosing. For she has drunk deep of the poison, and those
+who anticipate a speedy cure will be as mad as she. When the escaped
+tigress is back in her cage, men look to the bars, for none wants a
+second mauling.</p>
+
+<p>EDEN PHILLPOTTS.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_44' id="Page_44">44</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Its_Unbelievable' id="Its_Unbelievable"></a><i>It's Unbelievable</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_45' id='Page_45'>45</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-049.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>IT'S UNBELIEVABLE<br /><span class="smcap">Dutch Officer</span>: "How can they have soiled their hands by such atrocities?"<br />
+<span class="smcap">She</span>: "Can they have done it, my dear? German officers are so nice."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>I am not sure that in this cartoon of Raemaekers the most pleasing
+detail is not the servant's right eye. You will observe in that
+servant's right eye an expression familiar in those who overhear this
+sort of comment upon the peculiar bestialities of the Prussian in
+Belgium and Poland, this extenuation of his baseness. When the war was
+young the opportunity for giving that glance was commoner than it is
+now. There were many even in a belligerent country who would tell you in
+superior fashion how foolishly exaggerated were the so-called
+"atrocities." The greater number of such men (and women) talked of "two
+Germanies"&mdash;one the nice Germany they knew and loved so well, and the
+other apparently nasty Germany which raped, burned, stole, broke faith,
+tortured, and the rest. Their number has diminished. But there is a
+little lingering trace of the sort of thing still to be discovered: men
+and women who hope against hope that the Prussian will really prove good
+at heart after all. And it is usually just after some expression of the
+kind that the most appalling news arrives with a terrible irony to
+punctuate their folly. It reminds one a little of the man in the story
+who was sure that he could tame a wild cat, and was in the act of
+recording its virtues when it flew in his face. To an impartial observer
+who cared nothing for our sufferings or the enemy's vices, there would
+be something enormously comic in the vision of these few remaining (for
+there are still some few remaining) that approach the wild beast with
+soothing words and receive as their only reward a very large bomb
+through the roof of their house, or the news that some one dear to them
+has been murdered on the high seas. But to those actively suffering in
+the struggle the comic element is difficult to seize, and it is replaced
+by indignation. This fantastic misconception of the thing that is being
+fought is bound to be burned right out by the realities of the enemy
+acts in belligerent countries. It will be similarly destroyed&mdash;and that
+in no very great space of time&mdash;in all neutral countries as well.
+Prussia will have it so. She is allowing no moral defence to remain for
+her future. It is almost as though the men now directing her affairs
+lent ear carefully to every word spoken in praise of them abroad, and
+met it at once by the tremendous denial of example. It is almost as
+though the Prussian felt it a sort of personal insult to receive the
+praise of dupes and fools, and perhaps it is.</p>
+
+<p>HILAIRE BELLOC.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_46' id="Page_46">46</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Kreuzland_Kreuzland_Uber_Alles' id="Kreuzland_Kreuzland_Uber_Alles"></a><i>Kreuzland, Kreuzland &Uuml;ber Alles</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_47' id='Page_47'>47</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-051.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>KREUZLAND, KREUZLAND &Uuml;BER ALLES<br /><span class="smcap">Belgium</span>, 1914: "Where are our fathers?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This war has produced examples of every kind of misery which human
+beings can inflict upon each other, except one. Europe has mercifully
+been spared long sieges of populous towns, ending in the surrender of
+the starving population. But many towns and villages have been burnt;
+and masses of refugees have fled before the invader, knowing too well
+the brutal treatment which they had to expect if they remained. Very
+many of the unhappy Belgians have taken refuge in Holland; a
+considerable number have found an asylum in this country. They are
+homeless and ruined; if the war were to end to-morrow, many of them
+would not know where to go or how to live. Families have been broken up;
+husbands and wives, parents and children, are ignorant of each other's
+fate. In this picture we see a crowd of children, herded together like a
+flock of sheep, with nobody to take care of them. Their <i>via dolorosa</i>
+is marked by long rows of crosses on either side, emblems of suffering,
+death, and sacrifice. In the distance rise the smoke and flames from one
+of the innumerable incendiary fires which the Germans, like the cruel
+banditti of the Middle Ages, have kindled wherever they go.</p>
+
+<p>THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_48' id="Page_48">48</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_Ex-convict' id="The_Ex-convict"></a><i>The Ex-convict</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_49' id='Page_49'>49</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-053.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE EX-CONVICT<br />"I was a 'lifer,' but they found I had many abilities for bringing civilization amongst our neighbours, so now I am a soldier."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Prussia in every war has betrayed that peculiar mark of barbarism
+consisting in using the intellectual weapons of a superior, but not
+knowing how to use them. It is still a matter of mystery to the
+directing Prussian mind why the sinking of the <i>Lusitania</i> should have
+shocked the world. A submarine cannot take a prize into port. The
+<i>Lusitania</i> happened to be importing goods available in war, therefore
+the <i>Lusitania</i> must be sunk. All the penumbr&aelig; of further consideration
+which the civilized man weighs escape this sort of logic. Similarly, the
+Prussian argues, if an armed man is prepared to surrender, convention
+decrees that his life should be spared. Therefore, if an armed man be
+just fresh from the murder of a number of children, he has but to cry
+"Kamerad" to be perfectly safe. And Prussia foams at the mouth with
+indignation whenever this strict rule of conduct is forgotten in the
+heat of the moment. The use of poison in the field which Prussia for the
+first time employed (and reluctantly compelled her civilized opponents
+to reply to) is in the same boat. A shell bursts because solid explosive
+becomes gaseous. To use shell which in bursting wounds and kills men is
+to use gas in war; therefore if one uses gas in the other form of
+poison, disabling one's opponent with agony, it is all one. Precisely
+the same barbaric use of logic&mdash;which reminds one of the antics of an
+animal imitating human gestures&mdash;will later apply to the poisoning of
+water supplies, or the spreading of an epidemic. It is soldierly and
+excites no contempt or indignation to strike at your enemy with a sword
+or shoot a pellet of lead at him in such a fashion that he dies. What is
+all this foolish pother about killing him with bacilli in his cisterns
+or with a drop of poison in his tea? Men in war have burned groups of
+houses with the torch in anger or for revenge. Why distinguish between
+that and the methodical sprinkling of petroleum from a hose by one gang
+and the equally methodical burning of the whole town house by house with
+little capsules of prepared incendiary stuff? The rule always
+applies&mdash;but only against the opponent: never to one's self. From that
+attitude of mind the Prussian will never emerge. We shall, please God,
+see that mood in all its beauty in later stages of the war, when the
+coercion of the Prussian upon his own soil leads to acts indefensible by
+Prussian logic. We have already had a taste of this sort of reasoning
+when the royalties fled from Karlsruhe and when the murderers upon the
+sinking Zeppelin received the reward due to men who boast that they will
+not keep faith.</p>
+
+<p>HILAIRE BELLOC.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_50' id="Page_50">50</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Miss_Cavell' id="Miss_Cavell"></a><i>Miss Cavell</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_51' id='Page_51'>51</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-055.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>MISS CAVELL<br /><span class="smcap">William:</span> "Now you can bring me the American protest."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Most of the English caricaturists are much too complimentary to the
+German Emperor. They draw his moustaches, but not his face. Now his
+moustaches are exactly what he, or the whole Prussian school he
+represents, particularly wishes us to look at. They give him the fierce
+air of a fighting cock; and however little we may like fierceness, there
+will always be a certain residual respect for fighting, even in a cock.
+Now the Junker moustache is a fake; almost as much so as if it were
+stuck on with gum. It is, as Mr. Belloc has remarked, curled in a
+machine all night lest it should hang down. Raemaekers, in the sketch
+which shows the Kaiser as waiting for Nurse Cavell's death to say, "Now
+you can bring me the American protest," has gone behind the moustache to
+the face, and behind the face to the type and the spirit. The Emperor is
+not commanding in a lordly voice from a throne, but with a leer and
+behind a curtain. In the few lines of the lean, unnatural face is
+written the real history of the Hohenzollerns, the kind of history not
+often touched on in our comfortable English humour, but common to the
+realism of Continental art: the madness of Frederick William, the
+perversion of Frederick the Great, the hint, mingled with subtler
+talents, of the mere idiocy that seems to have flowered again in the
+last heir of that inhuman house. The Hohenzollerns have varied from
+generation to generation in many things and like many families; some of
+them have been tyrants, some of them geniuses, some of them merely
+boobies; but they have shared in something more than that hereditary
+policy which has been the poison in Christendom for two hundred years.
+There is a ghost who inhabits these perishing tenements, and in such a
+picture as this of Raemaekers men can see it looking out of the eyes.
+And it is neither the spirit of a tyrant nor of a booby; but the spirit
+of a sly invalid.</p>
+
+<p>G. K. CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_52' id="Page_52">52</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_Hostages' id="The_Hostages"></a><i>The Hostages</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_53' id='Page_53'>53</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-057.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE HOSTAGES<br />"Father, what have we done?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Ay', boy&mdash;you may well ask.</p>
+
+<p>And the world asks also, and in due time will exact an answer to the
+last drop of innocent blood.</p>
+
+<p>What have you done?</p>
+
+<p>You have fallen into the hands of the most scientifically organized
+barbarism the world has ever seen, or, please God, ever will see&mdash;to
+whom, of deliberate choice, such words as truth, honour, mercy, justice,
+have become dead letters, by reason of the pernicious doctrines on which
+the race has been nourished&mdash;by which its very soul has been poisoned.</p>
+
+<p>Dead letters?&mdash;worn-out rags, the very virtues they once represented,
+even in Germany, long since flung to the dust-heaps of the past in the
+soulless scramble for power and a place in the sun which no one denied
+her.</p>
+
+<p>Deliberately, and of malice prepense, the military caste of Prussia has
+taught, and the unhappy common-folk have accepted, that as a nation they
+are past all that kind of thing. There is only one right in the
+world&mdash;the might of the strongest. The weak to the wall! Make way for
+the Hun, whose god is power, and his high-priests the Kaiser and the
+Krupps.</p>
+
+<p>And so, every nation, even the smallest, on whom the eye of the Minotaur
+has settled in baleful desire, has said, "Better to die fighting than
+fall into the hands of the devil!" And they have fought&mdash;valiantly, and
+saved their souls alive, though their bodies may have been crushed out
+of existence by overwhelming odds. As nations, however, they shall rise
+again, and with honour, when their treacherous torturers have been
+crushed in their turn.</p>
+
+<p>And, wherever the evil tide has welled over a land, indemnities,
+incredible and unreasonable, have been exacted, and hostages for their
+payment, and for good behaviour under the yoke meanwhile, have been
+taken.</p>
+
+<p>Woe unto such! In many cases they have simply been shot in cold
+blood&mdash;murdered as brazenly as by any Jack-the-Ripper. Murder, too, of
+the most despicable&mdash;murder for gain&mdash;the gain that should accrue
+through the brutal terrorism of the act and its effect on the rest.</p>
+
+<p>And, if deemed advisable to gloss the crime with some thin veneer of
+imitation justice for the&mdash;unsuccessful&mdash;hoodwinking of a shocked and
+astounded world, what easier than an unseen shot in some obscure corner
+from a German rifle? Then&mdash;"Death to the hostages!&mdash;destruction to the
+village!&mdash;a fine of &pound;100,000 on the town!"</p>
+
+<p>Those provocative shots from German rifles have surely been the most
+profitably engineered basenesses in the whole war. They have
+justified&mdash;but in German eyes only&mdash;every committable crime, and they
+cost nothing&mdash;except the souls of their perpetrators.</p>
+
+<p>"It's your money we want&mdash;and your land&mdash;and your property&mdash;and, if
+necessary, your lives! You are weak&mdash;we are strong&mdash;and so&mdash;&mdash;!" That is
+the simple Credo of the Hun.</p>
+
+<p>But for all these things there shall come a day of reckoning and the
+account will be a heavy one.</p>
+
+<p>May it be exacted to the full&mdash;from the rightful debtors!</p>
+
+<p>"What have you done?" You have at all events put the rope round the
+necks of your murderers, and the whole world's hands are at the other
+end of it.</p>
+
+<p>JOHN OXENHAM.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_54' id="Page_54">54</a></span>
+<h2><a name='King_Alberts_Answer_to_the_Pope' id="King_Alberts_Answer_to_the_Pope"></a><i>King Albert's Answer to the Pope</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_55' id='Page_55'>55</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-059.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>KING ALBERT'S ANSWER TO THE POPE<br />"With him who broke his word, devastated my country, burned my villages,
+destroyed my towns, desecrated my churches, and murdered my people, I
+will not make peace before he is expelled from my country and punished
+for his crimes."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The war has been singularly barren of heroic figures, perhaps because
+the magnitude of the events has called forth such a multitude of
+individually heroic acts that no one can be placed before the rest; yet,
+when this greatest phase of history comes to be written down with
+historic perspective, one figure&mdash;that of King Albert of Belgium&mdash;will
+stand as that of a twentieth-century Bayard, a great knight without fear
+and without reproach.</p>
+
+<p>Action on such far-flung lines as those of the European conflict has
+called for no great leaders in the sense in which that phrase has
+applied to previous wars; no Napoleon has arisen, though William
+Hohenzollern has aspired to Napoleonic dignity; war has become more
+mechanical, more a matter of mathematics&mdash;and the barbarians of Germany
+have made it more horrible. But, as if to accentuate German brutality
+and crime, this figure of King Albert stands emblematic of the virtues
+in which civilization is rooted; to the broken word of Germany it
+opposes untarnished honour; to the treacherous spirit of Germany it
+opposes inviolable truth; to the relentless selfishness of Germany it
+opposes the vicarious sacrifice of self, of a whole country and nation
+for the sake of a principle. And, in later days, men will remember how
+this truly great king held steadfastly to the little portion of his
+kingdom that the invasion left him; how he remained to inspirit his men
+by noble example, stubbornly rejecting peace without honour, and
+holding, when all else was wrecked, to the remnants of that army which
+saved Europe in the gateway of Li&eacute;ge. Amid violation, desecration, and
+destruction, Albert of Belgium has won imperishable fame.</p>
+
+<p>E. CHARLES VIVIAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_56' id="Page_56">56</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_Gas_Fiend' id="The_Gas_Fiend"></a><i>The Gas Fiend</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_57' id='Page_57'>57</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-061.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE GAS FIEND</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There is an order of minds that intuitively distrusts Science, detracts
+from the force of her achievements, and contends that devotion to
+machinery ends by making men machines. Many who argue thus have fastened
+on Germany's new war inventions as proof that Science makes for
+materialism and opposes the higher values of humanity and culture.</p>
+
+<p>This is special pleading, for against the destructive forces discovered
+and liberated by German chemists in this war, one has only to consider
+the vast amelioration of human life for which modern science has to be
+thanked. Because art has been created to evil purpose, shall we condemn
+pictures or statues? Because the Germans have employed gas poisons in
+warfare, are we to condemn the incalculable gifts of organic chemistry?</p>
+
+<p>Look at the eye of Louis Raemaekers' snake. That is the answer. It is
+the force behind this application of it that has brought German Science
+to shame. A precious branch of human knowledge has been prostituted by
+lust of blood and greed of gain until Science, in common with all
+learning, comes simply to be regarded by the masters of Germany as one
+more weapon in the armoury, one more power to help win "The Day." Every
+culture is treated in their alembic for the same purpose.</p>
+
+<p>We may picture the series of experiments that went to perfection of
+their poison gas; we may see their Higher Command watching the death of
+guinea-pig, rabbit, and ape with increasing excitement and enthusiasm as
+the hideous effects of their discovery became apparent. Be sure an iron
+cross quickly hung over the iron heart that conceived and developed this
+filthy arm; for does it not offer the essence&mdash;quintessence of all
+"frightfulness?" Does it not challenge every human nerve-centre by its
+horror? Does it not, once proclaimed, by anticipation awake those very
+emotions of dread and dismay that make the stroke more fatal when it
+falls?</p>
+
+<p>These people pictured their snake paralyzing the enemy into frozen
+impotence; the floundering Prussian psychology that cuts blocks with a
+razor and regards German mind as the measure of all mind, anticipated
+that poison gas would appeal to British and French as it has appealed to
+them. But it was not so. Their foresight gave them an initial success in
+the field; it slew a handful of men with additions of unspeakable
+agony&mdash;and rekindled the execration and contempt of Civilization.</p>
+
+<p>As an arm, poison gas cannot be considered conspicuously successful,
+since it is easily encountered; but for the Allies it had some value,
+since it weighted appreciably the scale against Germany in neutral minds
+and added to the universal loathing astir at the heart of the world.
+Only fear now holds any kingdom neutral: there is not an impartial
+nation left on earth.</p>
+
+<p>EDEN PHILLPOTTS.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_58' id="Page_58">58</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_German_Tango' id="The_German_Tango"></a><i>The German Tango</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_59' id='Page_59'>59</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-063.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE GERMAN TANGO<br />"From East to West and West to East I dance with thee!"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>A blond woman, wearing the Imperial crown and with her hair braided in
+pigtails like a German <i>backfisch</i>, is whirling in the tango with a
+skeleton partner. Her face is livid with terror and fatigue, her limbs
+are drooping, but she is held by inexorable bony claws. On the feet of
+the skeleton are dancing pumps, a touch which adds to the grimness. This
+ghoulish dance does not lack its element of ghastly ceremonial.</p>
+
+<p>The Dance of Death has long been the theme of the moralist in art, from
+Orcagna's fresco on the walls of the Campo Santo at Pisa to Holbein's
+great woodcuts and our own Rowlandson. In Germany especially have these
+<i>macabre</i> imaginings flourished. The phantasmagoria of decay has haunted
+German art, as it haunted Poe, from D&uuml;rer to Boecklin. But the medi&aelig;val
+Dance of Death was stately allegory, showing the pageant of life brooded
+over by the shadow of mortality. In M. Raemaekers' cartoon there is no
+dignity, no lofty resignation. He shows Death summoned in a mad caprice
+and kept as companion till the revel becomes a whirling horror.</p>
+
+<p>It is the profoundest symbol of the war. In a hot fit of racial pride
+Death has been welcomed as an ally. And the dance on which Germany
+enters is no stately minuet with something of tragic dignity in it. It
+is a common modern vulgar shuffle, a thing of ugly gestures and violent
+motions, the true sport of degenerates. Once begun there is no halting.
+From East to West and from West to East the dancers move. There is no
+rest, for Death is a pitiless comrade. From such a partner, lightly and
+arrogantly summoned, there can be no parting. The traveller seeks a
+goal, but the dancers move blindly and aimlessly among the points of the
+compass. Death, when called to the dance, claims eternal possession.</p>
+
+<p>JOHN BUCHAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_60' id="Page_60">60</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_Zeppelin_Triumph' id="The_Zeppelin_Triumph"></a><i>The Zeppelin Triumph</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_61' id='Page_61'>61</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-065.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE ZEPPELIN TRIUMPH<br />"But Mother had done nothing wrong, had she, Daddy?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>When the future historian gives to another age his account of all that
+is included in German "frightfulness," there is no feature upon which he
+will dilate more emphatically than the extraordinary use made by the
+enemy of their Zeppelin fleet. In the experience we have gained in the
+last few months we discover that the Zeppelins are not employed&mdash;or, at
+all events, not mainly employed&mdash;for military purposes, but in order to
+shake the nerves of the non-combatant population. The history of the
+last few Zeppelin raids in England is quite sufficient testimony to this
+fact. London is bombarded, although it is an open city, and a large
+amount of damage is done to buildings wholly unconnected with the
+purposes of the war. The persons who are killed are not soldiers, they
+are civilians; the buildings destroyed are not munition works, but
+dwelling-houses, and some of the points of attack are theatres.</p>
+
+<p>The same thing has happened in the provinces. In the last raid over the
+Midlands railway stations were destroyed, some breweries were injured,
+but, with exceedingly few exceptions, munition works and factories for
+the production of arms were untouched. Here again the victims are not
+either soldiers or sailors, or even workmen employed in turning out
+instruments of war, but peaceable citizens and a large proportion of
+women and children.</p>
+
+<p>Some such act of brutality is illustrated in the accompanying cartoon. A
+private house has been attacked, the mother has been killed, the father
+and child are left desolate. The little daughter at her father's knee,
+who cannot understand why guiltless people should suffer, asks the
+importunate question whether her mother had done anything wrong to
+deserve so terrible a fate. To the childish mind it seems
+incomprehensible that aimless and indiscriminate murder should fall on
+the guiltless.</p>
+
+<p>Indeed the mother had done no wrong. She only happened to belong to one
+of the nations who are struggling against a barbaric tyranny. In that
+reckless crusade which the Central Powers are waging against all the
+higher laws of morality and civilization, some of the heaviest of the
+blows fall on the defenceless. It is this appalling inhumanity, this
+godless desire to maim and wound and kill, which nerves the arms of the
+Allies, who know that in a case like this they are fighting for freedom
+and for the Divine laws of mercy and loving-kindness.</p>
+
+<p>And it is for the young especially that the war is being waged, young
+boys and young girls like the motherless child in the picture, in order
+that they may inherit a Europe which shall be free from the horrible
+burden of German militarism, and be able to live useful lives in peace
+and quietness. No, little girl, mother did no wrong! But <i>we</i> should be
+guilty of the deepest wrong if we did not avenge her death and that of
+other similar victims by making such unparalleled crimes impossible
+hereafter.</p>
+
+<p>W. L. COURTNEY.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_62' id="Page_62">62</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Keeping_Out_the_Enemy' id="Keeping_Out_the_Enemy"></a><i>Keeping Out the Enemy</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_63' id='Page_63'>63</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-067.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"You see how I manage to keep the enemy out of <i>my</i> country!"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Prussian turns everything to account, from the scrapings of the
+pig-trough to the Austrian Emperor.</p>
+
+<p>The Bavarian lists, the Saxon lists, the Austrian lists&mdash;these are all
+only indications of injuries to the Prussian's life-saving waistcoat. If
+this war is to be a war to the last penny and the last man, the last
+Austrian will die before the last Saxon, the last Saxon before the last
+Bavarian, the last Bavarian before the last Prussian&mdash;and the last
+Prussian will not die: he will live to clutch at the last penny.</p>
+
+<p>And the pity of it is that the Austrian is quite a good fellow, the
+Saxon is a decent sort of man, the Bavarian is chiefly a brute in drink,
+whilst the Prussian&mdash;we all know what the Prussian is, the black centre
+of hardness, the incarnation of the shady trick, and the very complex
+soul of mechanical efficiency.</p>
+
+<p>The Hohenzollern here makes a sandbag of the Hapsburg, of whom Fate has
+already made a football.</p>
+
+<p>Fate has always been behind the Hapsburg for his own sins and those of
+his house. She has made him kneel at last.</p>
+
+<p>H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_64' id="Page_64">64</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_German_Offer' id="The_German_Offer"></a><i>The German Offer</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_65' id='Page_65'>65</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-069.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'><span class="smcap">The German</span>: "If you will let me keep what I have, I will let <i>you</i> go."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The German claim&mdash;not the Austrian nor the Turk, for the alliance
+following Germany is to be allowed little force&mdash;is that, the
+civilization of Europe now being defeated, a Roman pride may be generous
+to the fallen. Before modern Germany is routed, as may be seen in the
+features of its citizens, the nobility of its public works, and the
+admirable, restrained, and classic sense of its literature, this
+generosity to a humbled world will take the form of letting nations, of
+right independent, enjoy some measure of freedom under a German
+suzerainty. In the matter of property the magnanimous descendants of
+Frederick and William the Great will restore the machines which cannot
+be wrenched from their concrete beds, and the walls of the
+manufactories. More liquid property, such as jewellery, furniture,
+pictures&mdash;and coin&mdash;it will be more difficult to trace. In any case,
+Europe may breathe again, though with a shorter breath than it did
+before Germany conquered at the Marne.... This is the majestic vision
+which the subtle diplomats of Berlin present to the admiration of the
+neutral Powers, happily free from wicked passions of war, and not
+blinded, as are the British, French, Russians, Italians, Belgians, and
+the Serbians, by petty spite. Their audience, their triple audience, is
+part of Greece, some of the public of Spain, and sections of that of the
+United States. To the French and the British armies in the West, to the
+Russians in the East, and to the Italians upon their frontiers, the
+terms appear insufficient. Therein would seem to lie the gravity of
+Prussia's case. These belligerent Powers will go so far as to demand
+more than the mere restoration of stolen property, from cottage
+furniture to freedom. And their anger has risen so high that they even
+propose to make the acquirer of these goods suffer very bitterly indeed.
+What plea he will then raise under discomforts more serious than those
+he has caused to the peasants of Flanders and of Poland, and how those
+pleas will affect his neutral audience, will have no effect whatever on
+the result of the war, or on his own unpleasing fate. Those appeals will
+have a certain interest, however, because we know from the past that the
+German mind is unstable. Within fifteen short months it proposed the
+annihilation of the French armies and the occupation of Paris. It
+failed. It next offered terms upon suffering defeat. It withdrew them.
+It next made certain at least of a conquest of Russia, failed again,
+offered terms again, withdrew them again; was directed to the blockading
+of England, failed; thought Egypt better, and then changed its mind. It
+was but yesterday in the mood that this cartoon suggests; to-morrow its
+mood will have utterly changed again, probably to a whine, perhaps to a
+scream. Such instability is rare in the history of nations which purpose
+a conquest of others, and it is a very poor furniture for the mind.</p>
+
+<p>HILAIRE BELLOC.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_66' id="Page_66">66</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_Wolf_Trap' id="The_Wolf_Trap"></a><i>The Wolf Trap</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_67' id='Page_67'>67</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-071.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE WOLF TRAP<br />"You would make me believe that I shall have my cub given back to me, but I know I shall have to fight for it."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The wolf is not perhaps the beast by which one would most wish one's
+country to be represented. But the wolf, like every animal when
+defending its dearest, and when assailed with treachery, has its
+nobility. And the Roman she-wolf certainly has had in all ages her
+dignity and her force.</p>
+
+<p>
+"Thy nurse will hear no master,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thy nurse will bear no load,</span><br />
+And woe to them that spear her,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And woe to them that goad.</span><br />
+When all the pack loud baying<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Her bloody lair surrounds,</span><br />
+She dies in silence biting hard<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Amidst the dying hounds."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Italy certainly calls not only for our sympathy, but for our admiration.
+She has had a very difficult course to steer. The ally for so long of
+Germany and Austria, if owing them less and less as time went on, it was
+difficult for her to break with them. But the day came when she had to
+break with them, and once again "act for herself." She told them a year
+ago she would be a party to no aggressive or selfish war, she would be
+no bully's accomplice. She "denounced"&mdash;it is a good word&mdash;such a
+compact. <i>Non haec in f[oe]dera veni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Then it was, when the she-wolf showed her teeth, that they offered to
+give her what was her own. But what would the Trentino be worth if
+Germany and Austria were victorious? No, the wolf is right, "she must
+fight for it," and behind Austria's underhanded treachery stands
+Germany's open violence and guns.</p>
+
+<p>And Italy loves freedom. This war is a war made by her people. As of old
+her King and her diplomats go with them in this new <i>Resorgimento</i>. And
+the she-wolf must beware the trap. She needs the spirit again not only
+of her people and of Garibaldi and of Victor Emmanuel, but of Cavour.
+And she has it.</p>
+
+<p>The cartoon suggests all the elements of the situation. The wolf ponders
+with turned head, half doubtful, half desperate. The poor little cub
+whimpers pitifully. The hunters dissemble their craft, the trap waits in
+the path ready to spring. It is not even concealed. Is that the irony of
+the artist, or is it only due to the necessity of making his meaning
+plain? Whichever it is, it is justified.</p>
+
+<p>HERBERT WARREN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_68' id="Page_68">68</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Ahasuerus_II' id="Ahasuerus_II"></a><i>Ahasuerus II.</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_69' id='Page_69'>69</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-073.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>AHASUERUS RETURNS<br />"Once I drove the Christ out of my door, now I am doomed to walk from
+the Northern Seas to the Southern, from the Western shores to the
+Eastern mountains, asking for Peace, and none will give it to me." <i>From the Legend of the "Wandering Jew</i>"
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The legend of the Wandering Jew obsessed the imagination of the Middle
+Age. The tale, which an Armenian bishop first told at the Abbey of St.
+Albans, concerned a doorkeeper in the house of Pontius Pilate&mdash;or, as
+some say, a shoemaker in Jerusalem&mdash;who insulted Christ on His way to
+Calvary. He was told by Our Lord, "I will rest, but thou shalt go on
+till the Last Day." Christendom saw the strange figure in many
+places&mdash;at Hamburg and Leipsic and Lubeck, at Moscow and Madrid, even at
+far Bagdad. Goodwives in the little medi&aelig;val cities, hastening homeward
+against the rising storm, saw a bent figure posting through the snow,
+with haggard face and burning eyes, carrying his load of penal
+immortality, and seeking in vain for "easeful death." There is a
+profound metaphysic in such popular fancies. Good and evil are alike
+eternal. Arthur and Charlemagne and Ogier the Dane are only sleeping and
+will yet return to save their peoples; and the Wandering Jew staggers
+blindly through the ages, seeking the rest which he denied to his Lord.</p>
+
+<p>In George Meredith's "Odes in Contribution to the Song of French
+History" there is a famous passage on Napoleon. France, disillusioned at
+last,</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+"Perceives him fast to a harsher Tyrant bound;<br />
+Self-ridden, self-hunted, captive of his aim;<br />
+Material gradeur's ape, the Infernal's hound."<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>That is the penalty of mortal presumption. The Superman who would
+shatter the homely decencies of mankind and set his foot on the world's
+neck is himself bound captive. He is the slave of the djinn whom he has
+called from the unclean deeps. There can be no end to his quest.
+Weariness does not bring peace, for the whips of the Furies are in his
+own heart.</p>
+
+<p>The Wandering Jew of the Middle Age was a figure sympathetically
+conceived. He had still to pay the price in his tortured body, but his
+soul was at rest, for he had repented his folly. Raemaekers in his
+cartoon follows the conception of Gustave Dor&eacute; rather than that of the
+old fabulists. The modern Ahasuerus has no surety of an eventual peace.
+We have seen the German War Lord flitting hungrily from Lorraine to
+Poland, from Flanders to Nish, watching the failure of his troops before
+Nancy and Ypres, inditing grandiose proclamations to Europe, prophesying
+a peace which never comes. He is a figure worthy of Greek tragedy. The
+[Greek: hubris] which defied the gods has put him outside the homely
+consolations of mankind. He has devoted his people to the Dance of
+Death, and himself, like some new Orestes, can find no solace though he
+seek it wearily in the four corners of the world.</p>
+
+<p>JOHN BUCHAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_70' id="Page_70">70</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Our_Candid_Friend' id="Our_Candid_Friend"></a><i>Our Candid Friend</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_71' id='Page_71'>71</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-075.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>OUR CANDID FRIEND<br /><span class="smcap">Germany, to Holland</span>: "I shall have to swallow you up, if only to prevent those English taking your colonies."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The position of Holland and Denmark is one of excruciating anxiety to
+the citizens of those countries. They know that the Allies are fighting
+the battle of their own political existence, but they are so hypnotized
+with well-founded terror of the implacable tyrant on their flank that
+they are not only bound to neutrality, but are afraid to express their
+sympathies too plainly. Dutch editors have been admonished and punished
+under pressure from Berlin; the brilliant artist of these cartoons is in
+danger on his native soil. A leading German newspaper has lately
+announced that "we will make Holland pay with interest for these insults
+after the war." A German victory would inevitably be followed in a few
+years by the disappearance from the map of this gallant and interesting
+little nation, our plucky rival in time past, our honoured friend
+to-day. No nation has established a stronger claim to maintain its
+independence, whether we consider the heroic and successful struggles of
+the Dutch for religious and political liberty, their triumphs in
+discovery, colonization, and naval warfare, their unique contributions
+to art, or the manly and vigorous character of their people. It is
+needless to say that we have no designs upon any Dutch colony!</p>
+
+<p>THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_72' id="Page_72">72</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Peace_and_Intervention' id="Peace_and_Intervention"></a><i>Peace and Intervention</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_73' id='Page_73'>73</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-077.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>PEACE AND INTERVENTION&mdash;GERMAN MILITARISM ON THE OPERATING-TABLE<br />"For the sake of the world's future we must first use the knife."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Here is pictured a grim fact that the Peace cranks would do well to see
+plainly. The surgeon who is operating on a cancer case cannot allow
+himself to be satisfied with merely the removal of the visible growth
+which is causing such present agony to the patient. He must cut and cut
+deep, must go beyond even the visible roots of the disease, slice down
+into the clear, firm flesh to make sure and doubly sure that he has cut
+away the last fragment of the tainted tissues. Only by doing so can he
+reasonably hope to prevent a recurrence of the disease and the necessity
+of another operation in the years to come. And so only by carrying on
+this war until the last and least possibility of the taint of militarism
+remaining in the German system is removed can the Allies be satisfied
+that their task is complete. Modern surgery has through an&aelig;sthetics
+taken away from a patient the physical pain of most operations, but
+modern War affords no relief during its operation. That, however, can be
+held as no excuse for refusing to "use the knife." What would be said of
+the surgeon who, because an operation&mdash;a life-saving operation&mdash;was
+causing at the time even the utmost agony, stayed his hand, patched up
+the wound, was content only to stop the momentary pain, and to leave
+firm-rooted a disease which in all human probability would some time
+later break out again in all its virulence? What would be said of such a
+surgeon is only in lesser degree what would be said by posterity of the
+Allies if they consented or were persuaded to apply the bandage and
+healing herbs of Peace to the disease of Militarism, to make a surface
+cure and leave the living tentacles of the disease to grow again deep
+and strong. But here at least the doctors do not disagree. Once and for
+all the Ally surgeons mean to make an end to Militarism. The sooner the
+Peace cranks and Germany realize that the sooner the operation will be
+over.</p>
+
+<p>BOYD CABLE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_74' id="Page_74">74</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Little_Red_Riding_Hood' id="Little_Red_Riding_Hood"></a><i>Little Red Riding Hood</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_75' id='Page_75'>75</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-079.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD<br />Germany lying in wait for Holland.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>If you wish to see the position of Holland look at the map of Europe as
+it was before August 4, 1914, and the map of Europe as it is to-day.</p>
+
+<p>In 1914 Holland lay overshadowed by the vast upper jaw-bone of a
+monster&mdash;Prussia&mdash;a jaw-bone reaching from the Dollart to
+Aix-la-Chapelle.</p>
+
+<p>In August and September, 1914, Prussia, by the seizure of Belgium,
+developed a lower jaw-bone reaching from Aix-la-Chapelle to Cassandria
+on the West Schelde. To-day Holland lies gripped between these two
+formidable mandibles that are ready and waiting to close and crush her.
+For years and years Prussia has been waiting to devour Holland. Why? For
+the simple reason that Holland is rich in the one essential thing that
+Prussia lacks&mdash;coast-line.</p>
+
+<p>Look again at the map and see how Holland and Belgium together
+absolutely wall Prussia in from the sea. Belgium has been taken on by
+Prussia; if we do not tear that lower jaw from Prussia, Holland will be
+lost, and the sea-power of England threatened with destruction.</p>
+
+<p>The ruffian with the automatic pistol waiting behind the tree requires
+the life as well as the basket of the little figure advancing toward
+him.</p>
+
+<p>He has been in ambush for forty years.</p>
+
+<p>H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_76' id="Page_76">76</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_Sea_Mine' id="The_Sea_Mine"></a><i>The Sea Mine</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_77' id='Page_77'>77</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-081.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE SEA MINE</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>When Raemaekers pictures Von Tirpitz to us, he does so with savage
+scorn. He is not the hard-bitten pirate of story&mdash;but a senile,
+crapulous, lachrymose imbecile; an object of derision. He fits more with
+one of Jacob's tales of longshore soakers, than with the tragedies that
+have made him infamous. But when he draws Von Tirpitz's victims, the
+touch is one of almost harrowing tenderness. The Hun is a master of many
+modes of killing, but however torn, or twisted, or tortured he leaves
+the murdered, Raemaekers can make the dreadful spectacle bearable by the
+piercing dignity with which he portrays the dead. In none of these
+cartoons is his <i>s&aelig;va indignatio</i> rendered with more sheer beauty of
+design, or with a craftsmanship more exquisite, than in this monument to
+the sea-mined prey. The symbolism is perfect, and of the essence of the
+design. The dead sink slowly to their resting-place, but the merciful
+twilight of the sea veils from us the glazed horror of the eyes that no
+piety can now close. Even the dumb, senseless fish shoots from the scene
+in mute and terrified protest, while from these poor corpses there rise
+surfaceward the silver bubbles of their expiring breath. One seems to
+see crying human souls prisoned in these spheres. And it is, indeed,
+such sins as these that cry to Heaven for vengeance. Blood-guiltiness
+must rest upon the heads of those that do them, upon the heads of their
+children&mdash;aye, and of their children's children too. This exquisite and
+tender drawing is something more than the record of inexpiable crime. It
+is a prophecy. And the prophecy is a curse.</p>
+
+<p>ARTHUR POLLEN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_78' id="Page_78">78</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Seduction' id="Seduction"></a><i>"Seduction"</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_79' id='Page_79'>79</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-083.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>SEDUCTION<br />"Ain't I a lovable fellow?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The cartoon in which the Prussian is depicted as saying to his bound and
+gagged victim, "Ain't I a lovable fellow?" is one of the most pointed
+and vital of all pictorial, or indeed other, criticisms on the war. It
+is very important to note that German savagery has not interfered at all
+with German sentimentalism. The blood of the victim and the tears of the
+victor flow together in an unpleasing stream. The effect on a normal
+mind of reading some of the things the Germans say, side by side with
+some of the things they do, is an impression that can quite truly be
+conveyed only in the violent paradox of the actual picture. It is
+exactly like being tortured by a man with an ugly face, which we slowly
+realize to be contorted in an attempt at an affectionate expression. In
+those soliloquies of self-praise which have constituted almost the whole
+of Prussia's defence in the international controversy, the brigand of
+the Belgian annexation has incessantly said that his apparent hardness
+is the necessary accompaniment of his inherent strength. Nietzsche said:
+"I give you a new commandment: Be hard." And the Prussian says: "I am
+hard," in a prompt and respectful manner. But, as a matter of fact, he
+is not hard; he is only heavy. He is not indifferent to all feelings; he
+is only indifferent to everybody else's feelings. At the thought of his
+own virtues he is always ready to burst into tears. His smiles, however,
+are even more frequent and more fatuous than his tears; and they are all
+leers like that which Mr. Raemaekers has drawn on the face of the
+expansive Prussian officer in the arm-chair. Compared with such an
+exhibition, there is something relatively virile about the tiger cruelty
+which has occasionally defaced the record of the Spaniard or the Arab.
+But to be conquered by such Germans as these would be like being eaten
+by slugs.</p>
+
+<p>G. K. CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_80' id="Page_80">80</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Murder_on_the_High_Seas' id="Murder_on_the_High_Seas"></a><i>Murder on the High Seas</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_81' id='Page_81'>81</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-085.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>MURDER ON THE HIGH SEAS<br />"Well, have you nearly done?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The recent descent of so many of her citizens from the people now
+warring in Europe has of necessity prevented America from looking on
+events in Europe with a single eye. But the predominant American type
+and the predominant American frame of mind are still typified by the
+lithe and sinuous figure of the New England pioneer. It is his tradition
+to mind his own business, but it is also his business to see that none
+of the old monarchies make free with his rights or with his people. And
+he stands for a race that has been cradled in wars with savages. No one
+knows better the methods of the Apache and the Mohawk, and when women
+and children fall into such pitiless hands as these, it goes against the
+grain with Uncle Sam to keep his hands off them, even if the women and
+children are not his own. He would like to be indifferent if he could.
+He would prefer to smoke his cigar, and pass along, and believe those
+who tell him that it is none of his affair. But when he does look&mdash;and
+he cannot help looking&mdash;he sees a figure of such heavy bestiality that
+his gorge rises. He must keep his hands clenched in his pockets lest he
+soils them in striking down the blood-stained gnome before him.</p>
+
+<p>Can he restrain himself for good? That angry glint in his eye would make
+one doubt it. Here, surely, the artist sees with a truer vision than the
+politician. And if Uncle Sam's anger does once get the better of him, if
+doubts and hesitations are ever thrust on one side, if he takes his
+stand where his record and his sympathies must make him wish to be, then
+let it be noted that this base butcher stands dazed and paralyzed by the
+threat.</p>
+
+<p>ARTHUR POLLEN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_82' id="Page_82">82</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Ad_Finem' id="Ad_Finem"></a><i>Ad Finem</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_83' id='Page_83'>83</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-087.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>TO THE END<br /><span class="smcap">War and Hunger</span>: "Now you must accompany us to the end."
+<br /><span class="smcap">The Kaiser</span>: "Yes, to my end."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Ay&mdash;to your end!&mdash;to your end amid the execrations of a ravaged world!
+Through all the ages one other only has equalled you in the betrayal of
+his trust. May your sin come home to you before you go, as did his! May
+his despair be yours! It is most desperately to be regretted that no
+personal suffering on your part, in this life at all events, can ever
+adequately requite you for the desolations you have wrought.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 2em;">
+Outrage on outrage thunders to the sky<br />
+The tale of thy stupendous infamy,&mdash;<br />
+Thy slaughterings,&mdash;thy treacheries,&mdash;thy thefts,&mdash;<br />
+Thy broken pacts,&mdash;thy honour in the mire,&mdash;<br />
+Thy poor humanity cast off to sate thy pride;&mdash;<br />
+'Twere better thou hadst never lived,&mdash;or died<br />
+Ere come to this.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+I heard a great Voice pealing through the heavens,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A Voice that dwarfed earth's thunders to a moan:&mdash;</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 2em;">
+<i>Woe! Woe! Woe, to him by whom this came!<br />
+His house shall unto him be desolate<br />
+And, to the end of time, his name shall be<br />
+A by-word and reproach in all the lands<br />
+He repined.... And his own shall curse him<br />
+For the ruin that he brought.<br />
+Who without reason draws the sword&mdash;<br />
+By sword shall perish!<br />
+The Lord hath said.... So be it, Lord!</i><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>JOHN OXENHAM.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_84' id="Page_84">84</a></span>
+<h2><a name='US' id="US"></a><i>"U'S"</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_85' id='Page_85'>85</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-089.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"U'S'"<br /><span class="smcap">His Majesty</span>: "Well, Tripitz, you've sunk a great many?"
+<br /><span class="smcap">Tirpitz</span>: "Yes, sire, here is another 'U' coming down."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>It is the essence of great cartooning to see things simply, and to
+command the technical resources that shall show the things, so simply
+seen, in an infinite variety of aspects. No series of Raemaekers'
+drawing better exemplifies his quality in both these respects than those
+which deal with Germany's sea crimes.</p>
+
+<p>In the cartoon before us the immediate message is of the simplest. The
+Kaiser counts the head of British merchantmen sunk. Von Tirpitz counts
+the cost. But note the subtlety of the personation and environment. The
+Kaiser has those terrible haunted eyes that have marked the seer's
+presentment of him from quite an early stage of the war. There can be no
+ultimate escape from the dreadful vision that has set the seal of
+despair on this fine and handsome visage. He is shown, not as a sea
+monster, but as some rabid, evasive, impatient thing, dashing from point
+to point&mdash;as from policy to policy&mdash;with the angry swish that tells the
+unspoken anger failure everywhere compels. For the victories do not
+bring surrender, nor does frightfulness inspire terror. The merchant
+ships still put to sea&mdash;and the U boats pay the penalty.</p>
+
+<p>The futility of this campaign of murder is typified by making Von
+Tirpitz, its inventor, an addle-headed seahorse, the nursery comedian of
+the sea. Stupid and ridiculous bewilderment stares from his foolish
+eyes. Another submarine has failed to find a safe victim in a trading
+ship, but has been hoisted with its own sea petard. The impotence of the
+thing!</p>
+
+<p>This conference of the Admirals of the Atlantic, held in the sombre
+depths, is a biting satire, in its mingled comedy and tragedy, on the
+effort to win command of the sea from its bottom.</p>
+
+<p>ARTHUR POLLEN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_86' id="Page_86">86</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Mater_Dolorosa' id="Mater_Dolorosa"></a><i>Mater Dolorosa</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_87' id='Page_87'>87</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-091.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>MATER DOLOROSA</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>You thought to grasp the world; but you shall keep<br />
+Its crown of curses nailed upon your brow.<br />
+You that have fouled the purple, broke your vow,<br />
+And sowed the wind of death, the whirlwind you shall reap.<br />
+<br />
+Shout to your tribal god to bless the blood<br />
+Of this red vintage on the poisoned earth;<br />
+Clash cymbals to him, leap and shout in mirth;<br />
+Call on his name to stay the coming, cleansing flood.<br />
+<br />
+We are no hounds of heaven, nor ravening band<br />
+Of earthly wolves to tear your kingdom down.<br />
+We stand for human reason; at our frown<br />
+The coward sword shall fall from your accursed hand.<br />
+<br />
+We do not speak of vengeance; there shall run<br />
+No little children's blood beneath our heel.<br />
+No pregnant woman suffers from our steel;<br />
+But Justice we shall do, as sure as set of sun.<br />
+<br />
+Or short, or long, the pathway of your feet,<br />
+Stamped on the faces of the innocent dead,<br />
+Must lead where tyrant's road hath ever led.<br />
+Alone, O perjured soul, your Justice you shall meet.<br />
+<br />
+No sacrifice the balance of her scale<br />
+Can win; no gift of blood and iron can weigh<br />
+Against this one mad mother's agony:<br />
+In her demented cry a myriad women wail.<br />
+<br />
+The equinox of outraged earth shall blaze<br />
+And flash its levin on your infamous might.<br />
+Man cries to fellow-man; light leaps to light,<br />
+Till foundered, naked, spent, you vanish from our gaze.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>EDEN PHILLPOTTS.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_88' id="Page_88">88</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Gott_Strafe_Italien' id="Gott_Strafe_Italien"></a><i>"Gott Strafe Italien!"</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_89' id='Page_89'>89</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-093.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"GOTT STRAFE ITALIEN!"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>When Italy, still straining at the leash which held her, helpless, to
+the strange and unnatural Triplice, began to show signs of awakening
+consciousness, Germany's efforts to lull her back to the unhappy
+position of silent partner in the world-crime were characteristic of her
+methods. Forthwith Italy was loaded with compliments. The country was
+overrun with "diplomats," which is another name in Germany for spies.
+Bribery of the most brazen sort was attempted. The newspapers recalled
+in chorus that Italy was the land of art and chivalry, of song and
+heroism, of fabled story and manly effort, of honour and loyalty. Hark
+to the <i>Hamburger Fremdenblatt</i> of February 21, 1915:</p>
+
+<p>"The suggestion is made that Italy favours the Allies. Preposterous!
+Even though the palsied hand of England&mdash;filled with robber gold&mdash;be
+held out to her, Italy's vows, Italy's sense of obligation, Italy's
+<i>word once given</i>, can never be broken. Such a nation of noblemen could
+have no dealings with hucksters."</p>
+
+<p>Germany is, indeed, a fine judge of a nation's "word once given" and a
+nation's "vows," which its Chancellor unblushingly declared to be mere
+scraps of paper. Now let us see what the <i>Hamburger Nachrichten</i> had to
+say about Italy immediately after her secession from the Triple
+Alliance: "<i>Nachrichten</i>, June 1, 1915. That Italy should have joined
+hands with the other noble gentlemen, our enemies, is but natural. It
+would, of course, be absurd&mdash;where all are brigands&mdash;were the classical
+name of brigandage not included in the number.... We do not propose to
+soil our clean steel with the blood of such filthy Italian scum. With
+our cudgels we shall smash them into pulp."</p>
+
+<p><i>"Gott strafe Italien"</i> indeed! Bombs on St. Mark's in Venice, on the
+Square of Verona, on world treasures unreplaceable. The poisoned breath
+of Germany carries its venom into the land of sunshine and song, whose
+best day's work in history has been to wrest itself free from the grip
+of the false friend.</p>
+
+<p>RALPH D. BLUMENFELD.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_90' id="Page_90">90</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Serbia90' id="Serbia90"></a><i>Serbia</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_91' id='Page_91'>91</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-095.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>OCTOBER IN SERBIA<br />The Austro-German-Bulgarian attack on Serbia began in October, which in Holland is called the "butcher's month," as the cattle are then killed preparatory to the winter.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Serbia has suffered the fate of Belgium. Germany and Austria, with
+Bulgaria's aid, have plunged another little country "in blood and
+destruction." Another "bleeding piece of earth" bears witness to the
+recrudescence of the ancient barbarism of the Huns. Serbia's wounds,</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+"Like dumb mouths,<br />
+Do ope their ruby lips,"<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>to beg for vengeance on "these butchers." Turkey, whom the artist
+portrays as a hound lapping up the victim's blood, is fated to share the
+punishment for the crime. But the prime instigator is the German
+Emperor, whose Chancellor, with bitter irony, claims for his master the
+title of protector of the small nationalities of Europe. Herr von
+Bethmann-Hollweg can on occasion affect the mincing accents of the wolf
+when that beast seeks to lull the cries of the lamb in its clutches. The
+German method of waging war has rendered "dreadful objects so familiar"
+that the essential brutality of the enemy's activities runs a risk of
+escaping at times the strenuous denunciation which Justice demands. But
+the searching pencil of Mr. Raemaekers brings home to every seeing eye
+the true and unvarying character of Teutonic "frightfulness." All
+instincts of humanity are cynically defied on the specious ground of
+military necessity. Mr. Raemaekers is at one with Milton in repudiating
+the worthless plea:</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+"So spake the fiend, and with necessity,<br />
+The tyrant's plea, excused his devilish deeds."<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>SIR SIDNEY LEE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_92' id="Page_92">92</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Just_a_Moment_Im_Coming' id="Just_a_Moment_Im_Coming"></a>"<i>Just a Moment&mdash;I'm Coming</i>"</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_93' id='Page_93'>93</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-097.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"JUST A MOMENT&mdash;I'M COMING."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Here is a drawing that ought to be circulated broadcast throughout
+Australia and New Zealand, that ought to hold a place of honour on the
+walls of their public chambers; should hang in gilded frames in the
+houses of the rich; be pinned to the rough walls of frame-house and bark
+humpy in every corner of "The Outback." It should thrill the heart of
+every man, woman, and child Down Under with pride and thankfulness and
+satisfaction, should even bring soothing balm to the wounds of those who
+in the loss of their nearest and dearest have paid the highest and the
+deepest price for the flaming glory of the Anzacs in Gallipoli.</p>
+
+<p>Here in the artist's pencil is a monument to those heroes greater than
+pinnacles of marble, of beaten brass and carven stone; a monument that
+has travelled over the world, has spoken to posterity more clearly, more
+convincingly, and more rememberingly than ever written or word-of-mouth
+speech could do. It is to the everlasting honour of the people of the
+Anzacs that they refrained from echoing the idle tales which ran
+whispering in England that the Dardanelles campaign was a cruel blunder,
+that the blood of the Anzacs' bravest and best had been uselessly spilt,
+that their splendid young lives had been an empty sacrifice to the
+demons of Incompetence and Inefficiency. To those in Australia who in
+their hearts may feel that shreds of truth were woven in the
+rumours&mdash;that the Anzacs were spent on a forlorn hope, were wasted on a
+task foredoomed to failure&mdash;let this simple drawing bring the comfort of
+the truth.</p>
+
+<p>The artist has seen deeper and further than most. The Turkish armies
+held from pouring on Russia and Serbia, from thumping down the scales of
+neutrality in Greece and Roumania perhaps, from massing their troops
+with the Central Powers; the Kaiser chained on the East and West for the
+critical months when men and munitions were desperately lacking to the
+Allies, when the extra weight of the Turks might have freed the Kaiser's
+power of fierce attack on East and West this is what we already know,
+what the artist here tells the wide world of the part played by the
+heroes of the Dardanelles. In face of this, who dare hint they suffered
+and died in vain?</p>
+
+<p>BOYD CABLE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_94' id="Page_94">94</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_Holy_War' id="The_Holy_War"></a><i>The Holy War</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_95' id='Page_95'>95</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-099.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE HOLY WAR<br /><span class="smcap">The Turk</span> "But he is so great."<br /><span class="smcap">William</span> "No one is great, save Allah, and I am his prophet."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Surely the artist when he drew this was endowed with the wisdom of the
+seer, the vision of the prophet. For it was drawn before the days in
+which I write, before the Russian giant had proved his greatness on the
+body of the Turk, before the bludgeon-strokes in the Caucasus, the
+heart-thrust of Erzerum, the torrent of pursuit of the broken Turks to
+Mush and Trebizond.</p>
+
+<p>We know&mdash;and I am grateful for the chance to voice our gratitude to
+him&mdash;the greatness of our Russian Ally. We remember the early days when
+the Kaiser's hosts were pouring in over France, and the Russian thrust
+into Galicia drew some of the overwhelming weight from the Western
+Front. We realize now the nobility of self-sacrifice that flung an army
+within reach of the jaws of destruction, that risked its annihilation to
+draw upon itself some of the sword-strokes that threatened to pierce to
+the heart of the West. Our national and natural instinct of admiration
+for a hard fighter, and still greater admiration for the apex of good
+sportmanship, for the friend or foe who can "take a licking," who is a
+"good loser," went out even more strongly to Russia in the dark days
+when, faced by an overwhelming weight of metal, she was forced and
+hammered and battered back, losing battle-line after battle-line,
+stronghold after stronghold, city after city; losing everything except
+heart and dogged punishment-enduring courage.</p>
+
+<p>And how great the Russian truly is will surely be known presently to the
+Turk and to the masquerading false "Prophet of Allah."</p>
+
+<p>"No one is great save Allah," says William, and even as the Turk spoke
+more truly than he knew in calling the Russian great, even as he was
+bitterly to realize the greatness, so in the fullness of time must
+William come to realize how great is the Allah of the Moslem, the
+Christian God Whom he has blasphemed, and in Whose name he and his
+people have perpetrated so many crimes and abominations.</p>
+
+<p>BOYD CABLE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_96' id="Page_96">96</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Gott_Mit_Uns96' id="Gott_Mit_Uns96"></a>"<i>Gott Mit Uns</i>"</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_97' id='Page_97'>97</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-101.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"GOTT MIT UNS"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>When we consider the public utterances of the German clergy, we can very
+easily substitute for their symbol of Christian faith this malignant,
+grotesque, and inhuman monster of Louis Raemaekers. Indeed, our
+inclination is to thrust the green demon himself into the pulpit of the
+Fatherland; for his wrinkled skull could hatch and his evil mouth utter
+no more diabolic sentiments than those recorded and applauded from
+Lutheran Leipsic, or from the University and the chief Protestant pulpit
+in Berlin.</p>
+
+<p>Such sermons are a part of that national <i>d&eacute;b&acirc;cle</i> of reasoning faculty
+which is the price intellectual Germany has paid for the surrender of
+her soul to Prussia.</p>
+
+<p>An example or two may be cited from the outrageous mass.</p>
+
+<p>Professor Rheinhold Seeby, who teaches theology at Berlin University,
+has described his nation's achievements in Belgium and Serbia as a work
+of charity, since Germany punishes other States for their good and out
+of love. Pastor Philippi, also of Berlin, has said that, as God allowed
+His only Son to be crucified, that His scheme of redemption might be
+accomplished, so Germany, God with her, must crucify humanity in order
+that its ultimate salvation may be secured; and the Teutonic nation has
+been chosen to perform this task, because Germany alone is pure and,
+therefore, a fitting instrument for the Divine Hand. Satan, who has
+returned to earth in the shape of England, must be utterly destroyed,
+while the immoral friends and allies of Satan are called to share his
+fate. Thus evil will be swept off the earth and the German Empire
+henceforth stand supreme protector of the new kingdom of righteousness.
+Pastor Zoebel has ordered no compromise with hell; directed his flock to
+be pleased at the sufferings of the enemy; and bade them rejoice when
+thousands of the non-elect are sent to the bottom of the sea.</p>
+
+<p>Yes, we will give the green devil his robe and bands until Germany is in
+her strait-jacket; after which experience, her conceptions of a Supreme
+Being and her own relation thereto may become modified.</p>
+
+<p>EDEN PHILLPOTTS.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_98' id="Page_98">98</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Widows_of_Belgium' id="The_Widows_of_Belgium"></a><i>The Widows of Belgium</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_99' id='Page_99'>99</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-103.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This deeply pathetic picture evokes the memory of many sad and patient
+faces which we have seen during the last eighteen months. It is the
+women, after all&mdash;wives, mothers, sisters, and daughters&mdash;who have the
+heaviest load to bear in war-time.</p>
+
+<p>The courage and heroism which they have shown are an honour to human
+nature. The world is richer for it; and the sacrifices which they have
+bravely faced and nobly borne may have a greater effect in convincing
+mankind of the wickedness and folly of aggressive militarism than all
+the eloquence of peace advocates.</p>
+
+<p>We must not forget that the war has made about six German widows for
+every one in our country. With these we have no quarrel; we know that
+family affection is strong in Germany, and we are sorry for them. They,
+like our own suffering women, are the victims of a barbarous ideal of
+national glory, and a worse than barbarous perversion of patriotism,
+which in our opponents has become a kind of moral insanity.</p>
+
+<p>These pictures will remain long after the war-passion has subsided. They
+will do their part in preventing a recrudescence of it. Who that has
+ever clamoured for war can face the unspoken reproach in these pitiful
+eyes? Who can think unmoved of the happy romance of wedded love, so
+early and so sadly terminated?</p>
+
+<p>THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_100' id="Page_100">100</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Harvest_Is_Ripe' id="The_Harvest_Is_Ripe"></a><i>The Harvest Is Ripe</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_101' id='Page_101'>101</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-105.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE HARVEST IS RIPE</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The artist spreads before you a view such as you would have on the great
+wheat-growing plains of Hungary, or on the level plateau of Asiatic
+Turkey&mdash;the vast, unending, monotonous, undivided field of corn. In the
+background the view is interrupted by two villages from which great
+clouds of flame and smoke are rising&mdash;they are both on fire&mdash;and as you
+look closer at the harvest you see that, instead of wheat, it consists
+of endless regiments of marching soldiers.</p>
+
+<p>"The harvest is plentiful, but the labourers are few": here is only one,
+but he is quite sufficient&mdash;"the reaper whose name is Death," a skeleton
+over whose bones the peasant's dress&mdash;a shirt and a pair of ragged
+trousers&mdash;hangs loose. The shirt-sleeves of the skeleton are turned well
+up, as if for more active exertion, as he grasps the two holds of the
+huge scythe with which he is sweeping down the harvest.</p>
+
+<p>This is not war of the old type, with its opportunities for chivalry,
+its glories, and its pride of manly strength. The German development of
+war has made it into a mere exercise in killing, a business of
+slaughter. Which side can kill most, and itself outlast the other? When
+one reads the calculations by which careful statisticians demonstrate
+that in the first seventeen months of the war Germany alone lost over a
+million of men killed in battle, one feels that this cartoon is not
+exaggerated. It is the bare truth.</p>
+
+<p>The ease with which the giant figure of Death mows down the harvest of
+tiny men corresponds, in fact, to the million of German dead, probably
+as many among the Russians, to which must be added the losses among the
+Austrians, the French, the British, the Belgians, Italians, Serbs,
+Turks, and Montenegrins. The appalling total is this vast harvest which
+covers the plain.</p>
+
+<p>WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_102' id="Page_102">102</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Unmasked' id="Unmasked"></a><i>"Unmasked"</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_103' id='Page_103'>103</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-107.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>UNMASKED<br />The Yellow Book.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The "Yellow Book," it may be remembered, was the official publication of
+some of the details of atrocities committed by the Huns on the
+defenceless women and children of ravished Belgium. It told in cold and
+unimpassioned sentences, in plain and simple words more terrible than
+the most fervid outpourings of patriot or humanitarian, the tale of
+brutalities, of cold-blooded crimes, of murders and rape and mental and
+physical tortures beyond the capabilities or the imaginings of savages,
+possible only in their refinements of cruelty to the civilized apostles
+of Kultur. There are many men in the trenches of the Allies to-day who
+will say that the German soldier is a brave man, that he must be brave
+to advance to the slaughter of the massed attack, to hold to his
+trenches under the horrible punishment of heavy artillery fire.</p>
+
+<p>As a nation we are always ready to admit and to admire physical courage,
+and if Germany had fought a "clean fight," had "played the game,"
+starkly and straightly, against our fighting men, we could&mdash;and our
+fighting men especially could, and I believe would&mdash;have helped her to
+her feet and shaken hands honestly with her after she was beaten. But
+with such a brute beast as the unmasking of the "Yellow Book" has
+revealed Germany to be we can never feel friendship, admiration, or
+respect.</p>
+
+<p>The German is a "dirty fighter," and to the British soldier that alone
+puts him beyond the pale. He has outraged all the rules and the
+instincts of chivalry. His bravery in battle is the bravery of a
+ravening wolf, of a blood-drunk savage animal. It is only left to the
+Allies to treat him as such, to thrash him by brute force, and then to
+clip his teeth and talons and by treaty and agreement amongst themselves
+to keep him chained and caged beyond the possibility of another
+outbreak.</p>
+
+<p>BOYD CABLE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_104' id="Page_104">104</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Great_Surprise' id="The_Great_Surprise"></a><i>The Great Surprise</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_105' id='Page_105'>105</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-109.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE GREAT SURPRISE<br />Moses II leads his chosen people through the Red Sea to the promised (Eng)land.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In the note to another picture I have remarked on the farcical hypocrisy
+of the German Emperor in presenting himself, as he so often does, as the
+High Priest of several different religions at the same time. They are
+nearly all of them religions with which he would have no sort of
+concern, even if his religious pose were as real as it is artificial.</p>
+
+<p>Being in fact the ruler and representative of a country which alone
+among European countries builds with complete security upon the
+conviction that all Christianity is dead, he can only be, even in
+theory, the prince of an extreme Protestant State. Long before the War
+it was common for the best caricaturists of Europe, and even of Germany,
+to make particular fun of these preposterous temporary Papacies in which
+the Kaiser parades himself as if for a fancy-dress ball; and in the
+accompanying picture Mr. Raemaekers has returned more or less to this
+old pantomimic line of satire.</p>
+
+<p>The cartoon recalls some of those more good-humoured, but perhaps
+equally contemptuous, sketches in which the draughtsmen of the French
+comic papers used to take a particular delight; which made a whole comic
+Bible out of the Kaiser's adventures during his visit to Palestine. Here
+he appears as Moses, and the Red Sea has been dried up to permit the
+passage of himself and his people.</p>
+
+<p>It would certainly be very satisfactory for German world-politics if the
+sea could be dried up everywhere; but it is unlikely that the incident
+will occur, especially in that neighbourhood. It will be long before a
+German army is as safe in the Suez Canal as a German Navy in the Kiel
+Canal; and the higher critics of Germany will have no difficulty in
+proving, in the Kiel Canal at all events, that the safety is due to
+human and not to divine wisdom.</p>
+
+<p>G. K. CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_106' id="Page_106">106</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Thou_Art_the_Man' id="Thou_Art_the_Man"></a><i>Thou Art the Man!</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_107' id='Page_107'>107</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-111.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THOU ART THE MAN<br />"We wage war on Divine principles."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Man of Sorrows is flogged, and thorn-crowned, and crucified, and
+pierced afresh, by this other man of sorrows, who has brought greater
+bitterness and woe on earth than any other of all time. And in his
+soul&mdash;for soul he must have, though small sign of it is evidenced&mdash;he
+knows it. Deceive his dupes as he may&mdash;for a time&mdash;his own soul must be
+a very hell of broken hopes, disappointed ambitions, shattered pride,
+and the hideous knowledge of the holocaust of human life he has
+deliberately sacrificed to these heathen gods of his. No poorest man on
+earth would change places with this man-that-might-have-been, for his
+time draws nigh and his end is perdition.</p>
+
+<p>Let That Other speak:</p>
+
+<p>
+"Their souls are Mine.<br />
+Their lives were in thy hand;&mdash;<br />
+Of thee I do require them!<br />
+<br />
+"The fetor of thy grim burnt-offerings<br />
+Comes up to Me in clouds of bitterness.<br />
+Thy fell undoings crucify afresh<br />
+Thy Lord&mdash;who died alike for these and thee.<br />
+Thy works are Death:&mdash;thy spear is in My side,&mdash;<br />
+O man! O man!&mdash;was it for this I died?<br />
+Was it for this?&mdash;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A valiant people harried to the void,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their fruitful fields a burnt-out wilderness,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their prosperous country ravelled into waste,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their smiling land a vast red sepulchre,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 14em;">&mdash;Thy work!</span><br />
+<br />
+"Thou art the man! The scales were in thy hand.<br />
+For this vast wrong I hold thy soul in fee.<br />
+Seek not a scapegoat for thy righteous due,<br />
+Nor hope to void thy countability.<br />
+Until thou purge thy pride and turn to Me,&mdash;<br />
+As thou hast done, so be it unto thee!"<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>JOHN OXENHAM.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_108' id="Page_108">108</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Sympathy' id="Sympathy"></a><i>Sympathy</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_109' id='Page_109'>109</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-113.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>SYMPATHY<br />"If I find you again looking so sad, I'll send you to Germany after your father."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The cartoon requires no words to tell the story. It holds chapter upon
+chapter of tragedy. "I will send you to Germany after your father!"
+Where is the boy's father in Germany? In a prison? Mending roads? Lying
+maimed and broken in a rude hospital? Digging graves for comrades about
+to be shot? Or, more likely still, in a rough unknown stranger's grave?
+Was the father dragged from his home at Louvain, or Tirlemont, or Vise,
+or one of the dozen other scenes of outrage and murder&mdash;a harmless,
+hard-working citizen-dragged from his hiding-place and made to suffer
+"exemplary justice" for having "opposed the Kaiser's might," but in
+reality because he was a Belgian, for whose nasty breed there must be
+demonstrations of Germany's frightfulness <i>pour encourager les autres</i>?</p>
+
+<p>And the child's mother and sisters&mdash;what of them? He is dejected, but
+not broken. There is dignity in the boy's defiant pose. The scene has,
+perhaps, been enacted hundreds of times in the cities of Belgium, where
+poignant grief has come to a nation which dared to be itself.</p>
+
+<p>Follow this boy through life and observe the stamp of deep resolve on
+his character. Though he be sent "to Germany after your father," though
+he be for a generation under the German jack-boot, his spirit will
+sustain him against the conqueror and will triumph in the end.</p>
+
+<p>RALPH D. BLUMENFELD.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_110' id="Page_110">110</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Refugees' id="The_Refugees"></a><i>The Refugees</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_111' id='Page_111'>111</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-115.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE REFUGEES FROM GHEEL<br />Gheel has a model asylum for the insane. On the fall of Antwerp the inmates were conveyed across the frontier. The cartoon illustrates an incident where a woman, while wheeling a lunatic, herself developed insanity from the scenes she witnessed.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The wonder is not that women went mad, but that there are left any sane
+civilians of the ravished districts of Belgium after all those infamies
+perpetrated under orders by the German troops after the first
+infuriating check of Li&eacute;ge and before the final turning of the German
+line at the battle of the Marne. We have supped full of horrors since,
+and by an insensible process grown something callous. But we never came
+near to realizing the Belgian agony, and Raemaekers does us service by
+helping to make us see it mirrored in the eyes of this poor raving girl.
+This indeed is a later incident, but will serve for reminder of the
+earlier worse.</p>
+
+<p>It is really <i>not</i> well to forget. These were not the inevitable horrors
+of war, but a deliberately calculated effect. There seems no hope of the
+future of European civilization till the men responsible for such things
+are brought to realize that, to put it crudely and at its lowest, they
+don't pay.</p>
+
+<p>What the attitude of Germany now is may be guessed from the blank
+refusal even of her bishops to sanction the investigation which Cardinal
+Mercier asks for. It is still the gentle wolf's theory that the
+truculent lamb was entirely to blame.</p>
+
+<p>JOSEPH THORP.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_112' id="Page_112">112</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Junker' id="The_Junker"></a><i>"The Junker"</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_113' id='Page_113'>113</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-117.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE JUNKER<br />"What I have most admired in you, Bethmann, is that you have made Socialists our best supporters."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There were few things that Junkerdom feared so much in modern Germany as
+the growth and effects of Socialism; and it is certain that the possible
+attitude of the German Socialists&mdash;who were thought by some writers to
+number somewhere in the neighbourhood of two million&mdash;in regard to the
+War at its outset greatly exercised the minds of Junkerdom and the
+Chancellor. A few days after the declaration of War a well-known English
+Socialist said to us, "I believe that the Socialists will be strong
+enough greatly to handicap Germany in the carrying on of the War, and
+possibly, if she meets with reverses in the early stages, to bring about
+Peace before Christmas."</p>
+
+<p>That was in August, 1914, and we are now well on in the Spring of 1916.
+We reminded the speaker that on a previous occasion, when Peace still
+hung in the balance, he had declared with equal conviction that there
+would be no War because "the Socialists are now too strong in Germany
+not to exercise a preponderating restraining influence." He has proved
+wrong in both opinions. And one can well imagine that the Junker class
+admires Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg for the astute manner in which
+he has succeeded in shepherding the German Socialist sheep for the
+slaughter, and in muzzling their representatives in the Reichstag.</p>
+
+<p>CLIVE HOLLAND.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_114' id="Page_114">114</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Milieu_De_Fantomes_Tristes_Et_Sans_Nombre' id="Milieu_De_Fantomes_Tristes_Et_Sans_Nombre"></a><i>"Milieu De Fant&ocirc;mes Tristes Et Sans Nombre"</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_115' id='Page_115'>115</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-119.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"Mais quand la voix de Dieu l'appela il se voyait seul sur la terre au milieu de fant&ocirc;mes tristes et sans nombre."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There is something daunting, even to the mind of one not guilty of war
+or of massacres, in the thought of multitudes: the multitude of the
+dead, of the living, of one generation of men since there have been men
+on earth. And war brings this horror to us daily, or rather nightly,
+because such great companies of men have suddenly died together, passing
+in comradeship and community from the known to the unknown. Yet dare we
+say "together?" The unparalleled solitariness and singleness of death is
+not altered by the general and simultaneous doom of battle.</p>
+
+<p>And it is with the multitude, and all the <i>ones</i> in it, that the maker
+of war is in unconscious relation. He does not know their names, he does
+not know them by any kind of distinction, he knows them only by
+thousands. Yet every one with a separate life and separate death is in
+conscious relation with <i>him</i>, knows him for the tyrant who has taken
+his youth, his hope, his love, his fatherhood.</p>
+
+<p>What a multitude to meet, whether in thought, in conscience, or in
+another world! We all, no doubt, try to make the thought of massacre
+less intolerable to our minds by telling ourselves that the sufferers
+suffer one by one, to each his own share, and not another's; that though
+the numbers may appeal, they do not make each man's part more terrible.
+But this is not much comfort. There is not, it is true, a sum of
+multiplication; but there is the sum of addition. And that addition&mdash;the
+multitude man by man&mdash;the War Lord has to reckon with: Frederick the
+Great with his men, Napoleon with his, the German Emperor with his&mdash;each
+one of the innumerable unknown knowing his destroyer.</p>
+
+<p>ALICE MEYNELL.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_116' id="Page_116">116</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Bluebeards_Chamber' id="Bluebeards_Chamber"></a><i>Bluebeard's Chamber</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_117' id='Page_117'>117</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-121.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>BLUEBEARD'S CHAMBER<br />The horrors perpetrated by the Germans were brought to light by the Belgian Committee of Enquiry.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Committee of Enquiry, like another Portia, clothed in the
+ermine-trimmed robe of Justice and the Law, has unlocked with the key of
+Truth the door of the closed chamber. The key lies behind her inscribed
+in Dutch with the name that tells its nature. The Committee then pulls
+back the curtain, and reveals the horrors that are behind it. Before the
+curtain is fully drawn back, Enquiry sinks almost in collapse at the
+terrible sight that is disclosed. There hang to pegs on the wall the
+bodies of Bluebeard's victims, a woman, an old man, a priest, two boys,
+and a girl still half hidden behind the curtain. The blood that has
+trickled from them coagulates in pools on the ground.</p>
+
+<p>Bluebeard himself comes suddenly: he hurries down the steps brandishing
+his curved sword, a big, burly figure, with square, thick beard, and
+streaming whiskers, wearing a Prussian helmet, his mouth open to utter a
+roar of rage and fury. The hatred and scorn with which the artist
+inspires his pictures of Prussia are inexhaustible in their variety:
+Prussia is barbarism attempting to trample on law and education,
+brutality beating down humanity, a grim figure, the incarnation of
+"frightfulness." I can imagine the feelings with which all Germans must
+regard the picture that the Dutch artist always gives of their country,
+if they regard Prussia as their country. "For every cartoon of
+Raemaekers," said a German newspaper, "the payment will be exacted in
+full, when the reckoning is made up." To this painter the Prussian
+ruling power is incapable of understanding what nobility of nature
+means. He can practise on and take advantage of the vices and weaknesses
+of his enemies; he can buy the services of many among them, and have all
+the worser people in his fee as his servants and agents; but he is
+always foiled, because he forgets that some men cannot be bought, and
+that these men will steel their fellow-countrymen's minds to resist
+tyranny to the last. The mass of men can be led either to evil or to
+good.</p>
+
+<p>The Prussian military system assumes the former as certain, and is well
+skilled in the way. But there is the latter way, too, which Prussia
+never knew and never takes into account as a possibility; and men as a
+whole prefer the way to good before the way to evil, when both are fully
+explained and made clear. This saves men, and ruins Prussia.</p>
+
+<p>WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_118' id="Page_118">118</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Raid' id="The_Raid"></a><i>The Raid</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_119' id='Page_119'>119</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-123.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE RAID<br />"Do you remember Black Mary of Hamburg?"<br />"Aye, well."<br />"She got six years for killing a child, whilst we get the Iron Cross for killing twenty at Hartlepool."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The seaman of history is a chivalrous and romantic figure, a gallant and
+relentless fighter, a generous and a tender conqueror. In Codrington's
+first letter to his wife after the battle of Trafalgar, he tells her to
+send &pound;100 to one of the French captains who goes to England from the
+battle as a prisoner of war. The British and French navies cherish a
+hundred memories of acts like these. If the German navy survives the war
+what memories will it have? It must search the gaols for the exemplars
+in peace of the acts that win them the Iron Cross in war.</p>
+
+<p>Note in this drawing that the types selected are not in themselves base
+units of humanity. They have been made so by the beastly crimes superior
+orders have forced them to commit. But even this has not brought them so
+low but they wonder at the topsy-turvydom of war that brings them honour
+where poor Black Mary only got her deserts in gaol.</p>
+
+<p>The crimes of the higher command have passed in Germany uncondemned and
+unbanned by cardinals and bishops. But the conscience of Germany cannot
+be wholly dead. Nor will six years only be the term of Germany's
+humiliation and remorse. The spotless white of the naval uniform,
+sullied and besmirched by those savage cruelties, cannot, any more than
+the German soul, be brought back "whiter than snow" by any bestowal of
+the Iron Cross. The effort to cleanse either would "the multitudinous
+seas incarnadine."</p>
+
+<p>ARTHUR POLLEN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_120' id="Page_120">120</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Better_a_Living_Dog_Than_a_Dead_Lion' id="Better_a_Living_Dog_Than_a_Dead_Lion"></a><i>Better a Living Dog Than a Dead Lion</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_121' id='Page_121'>121</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-125.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>BETTER A LIVING DOG THAN A DEAD LION<br /><span class="smcap">The Driver</span>: "You are a worthy Dutchman. He who lies there was a foolish idealist."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Here is the grim choice of alternatives presented to other nations by
+the creed of <i>Deutschland &uuml;ber Alles</i>&mdash;the cost of resistance and the
+reward of submission. On one side lies the man who has fought a good
+fight "for Freedom." He has lost his life but won an immortal memory
+inscribed upon the cross. The other has saved his life, and lo! it is a
+"dog's life." He is not even a well-treated dog. Harnessed, muzzled,
+chained, he crawls abjectly on hands and knees and drags painfully along
+the road, not only the cart, but his heavy master too.</p>
+
+<p>In the Netherlands and other parts of the Continent, where dogs are used
+to pull little carts, the owner generally pulls too; it is a partnership
+in which the dog is treated as a friend and visibly enjoys doing his
+share. Partnership with Germany is another matter. The dog does all the
+work, the German takes his ease with his great feet planted on the
+submissive creature's back.</p>
+
+<p>The belligerent nations have made their choice. Germany's partners have
+chosen submission and are playing the dog's part, as they have
+discovered. The Allies on the other side are paying the price of
+resistance in the sacrifice of life for Freedom. And what of the
+neutrals? They are evading the choice under cover of the Allies and
+waxing fat meanwhile. It is not a very heroic attitude and will exclude
+them from any voice in the settlement. But we understand their position,
+and at least they are ready to fight for their own freedom. There are,
+however, individuals who are not ready to fight at all. They call
+themselves conscientious objectors, prate of the law of Christ, and pose
+as idealists. If they followed Christ they would sacrifice their lives
+for others, but they are only concerned for their own skins. Their place
+is in the shafts The true idealist lies beneath the Cross.</p>
+
+<p>ARTHUR SHADWELL.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_122' id="Page_122">122</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Burden_of_the_Intolerable_Day' id="The_Burden_of_the_Intolerable_Day"></a><i>"The Burden of the Intolerable Day"</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_123' id='Page_123'>123</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-127.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE AWAKENING<br />"I had such a delightful dream that the whole thing was not true."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Most people have wondered from time to time what the Kaiser thinks in
+his inmost heart and in the solitude of his own chamber about the
+condition of Germany and about the War. What impression has been made on
+him by the alternation of victories and failures during the last twenty
+months? After all he has staked everything&mdash;he has everything to lose.
+What does he feel? What impression do the frightful losses of his own
+people make on him?</p>
+
+<p>Raemaekers tells in this cartoon. The Kaiser has this moment been
+wakened from sleep by the entrance of a big gorgeously dressed footman,
+carrying his morning tea. The panelling of the royal chamber in the
+palace at Potsdam is faintly indicated. The Kaiser sits up in bed, and a
+look of agony gathers on his face as he realizes that he has wakened up
+to the grim horror of a new day, and that the delightful time which he
+has just been living through was only a dream. He had dreamed that the
+whole thing was not true&mdash;that the War had never really occurred, and
+that he could face the world with a conscience clear from guilt; and now
+he has wakened up to bear the burden for another day. It is written in
+his face what he thinks. You see the deep down-drawn lines in the lower
+part of the face, the furrows upon the forehead, and the look almost of
+terror in the eyes. But a smug-faced flunkey offers him a cup of tea
+with buttered toast, and he must come back to the pretence of that
+tragi-comedy, the life of the King-Emperor.</p>
+
+<p>The Dutch artist is fully alive to the comic element which underlies
+that tragedy. The King-Emperor, as he awakes from sleep and sits forward
+from that mountain of pillows, would be a purely comic figure were it
+not for the terrible tragedy written in his face. A footman in brilliant
+livery is a comic figure. The splendour of this livery brings out the
+comic element by its contrast to, and yet its harmony with, the stupid
+self-satisfaction of the countenance and the curls of the powdered hair.</p>
+
+<p>The Kaiser, however, awakens to more than the pretences and shams of
+court life. The vast dreams which he cherished before the War of
+world-conquest and an invincible Germany are fled now, and he must face,
+open-eyed and awake, the stern reality.</p>
+
+<p>WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_124' id="Page_124">124</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Eagle_in_Hen-run' id="Eagle_in_Hen-run"></a><i>Eagle in Hen-run</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_125' id='Page_125'>125</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-129.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE EAGLE IN THE HEN-RUN<br /><span class="smcap">German Eagle</span>: "Come along, Dutch chicken, we will easily arrange an agreement."
+<br /><span class="smcap">The Chicken</span>: "Yes, in your stomach."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Dutchman who could see this cartoon and not admit its simple truth
+would have to be a very blind pro-German. At present time it pays
+Germany to pretend a friendship for Holland, but the premeditated murder
+of Belgium is a plain object-lesson of the sort of friendship and
+agreement that Germany makes with a country and people which stand in
+her way and are too small to withstand her brute force. Can any Dutchman
+doubt what would be Holland's fate if Germany emerged even moderately
+victorious from this war? The German War Staff would give a good deal to
+have the control of Holland and a free passage to the sea from Antwerp.
+They refrain from using force to gain that control only because they
+cannot afford to have a fresh frontier to guard and because it is quite
+useful to have Holland neutral and a forbidden ground and water to the
+Armies and Navies of the Allies, a shield over the heart of Berlin and
+Germany. It would pay the Germans to have Holland with them and openly
+against the Allies, and they would no doubt gladly make an "agreement"
+to that effect; but there is little likelihood of that as long as the
+Dutch can visualize the "agreement" as clearly as the cartoonist has
+done here.</p>
+
+<p>There are many people who for years past have suspected Germany's
+sinister designs on the whole of the Netherlands. The brutal ravaging of
+Belgium, the talk that already runs, openly or in whispers, in Germany
+of "annexation of conquered territories" and "extended borders," tell
+plainly the same tale&mdash;that any agreement between a small country and
+Germany means merely the swallowing-up of the small nation, the
+"agreement" of a meal with the swallower-up.</p>
+
+<p>BOYD CABLE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_126' id="Page_126">126</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Future' id="The_Future"></a><i>The Future</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_127' id='Page_127'>127</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-131.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>L'AVENIR</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There can be no doubting of the future. The Allied forces, who in
+Raemaekers' drawing stand for Liberty, are assuredly destined to wring
+the neck of the Prussian eagle, which typifies the tyranny of brute
+force.</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+"For freedom's battle, once begun ...<br />
+Though baffled oft, is ever won."<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>"There is only one master in this country," the Kaiser has said of
+Germany. "I am he, and I will not tolerate another." He has also told
+his people: "There is only one law&mdash;my law; the law which I myself lay
+down." It is supererogatory to dispute either of these imperial
+pronouncements. The Future contents herself with the comment: "Out of
+thine own mouth will I judge thee."</p>
+
+<p>The Kaiser and his counsellors have now translated words into deeds, and
+every instrument of savagery has been since August, 1911, enlisted by
+Tyranny in the attempt to overthrow Liberty. "A thousand years ago," the
+Kaiser once declared to his Army, "the Huns under their king Attila made
+themselves a name which still lives in tradition." The Future replies to
+him that he and his fighting hordes will also live in tradition. They
+will be remembered for their defiance of the conscience of the world,
+which obeys no call but that of Liberty.</p>
+
+<p>SIDNEY LEE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_128' id="Page_128">128</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Christ_or_Odin' id="Christ_or_Odin"></a><i>Christ or Odin</i>?</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_129' id='Page_129'>129</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-133.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"I crush whatever resists me."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>You cannot well conceive a science, whether it be mathematics, or
+architecture, or philosophy, without its axioms, dogmas, or first
+principles. Without them there is no basis on which to raise the
+superstructure. So it is with the science of religion. Take
+Christianity: if it is to be taught scientifically, it must start with
+the most tremendous dogma, the Divinity of Christ. Either Christ was or
+He was not what He claimed to be. If He was not, you must shout with the
+Sanhedrim: "Crucify Him!" If He was, you must sing with the Church:
+"Come, adore Him." One thing is certain, you cannot be indifferent to
+His claim or to Him; you must either hate Him and His creed, like the
+Prussian warring Superman, or love Him and it, like England's Crusading
+Kings.</p>
+
+<p>The cartoon before us is the finished picture which I can trace from its
+first rough sketch in the hands of Kant, through its different stages of
+development in the schools of Hegel, of Schopenhauer, of Strauss, till
+it was ready for its final touches in the hands of Nietzsche. In fancy I
+see it hung, on the line, in the Prussian picture-gallery under the
+direction of War Lords, whose boasted aim it is that the world shall be
+governed only by Prussian Kultur and Prussian Religion.</p>
+
+<p>The fatal mistake made by the Teutonic race in the past was, we are
+told, the adoption of Roman culture and Roman religion. Germany once
+submitted to an alien God and to an alien creed. She, the mistress of
+the earth, the mightiest of the mighty, and the most Kultured of the
+Kultured, had actually once worshipped "an uncultured peasant Galilean,"
+and made profession of "His slave morality."</p>
+
+<p>Now they had altogether done with Christ, the Nazarene. The shout had
+gone forth: "We will not have this Man to rule over us." In the future
+no gods but Thor and Odin shall rule the "world-dominating race."
+Prussia seemed to think the world's need to-day was the religion not of
+Virtue, but of Valour. "In a day now long fled was heard the cry:
+'Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth,' but to-day
+there shall go forth the word: 'Blessed are the valiant, for they shall
+make the earth their throne.' In the past ye heard it said: 'Blessed are
+the poor in spirit,' but now I say to you: 'Blessed are the great in
+soul, for they shall enter into Valhalla.' Again, in the dark ages it
+was said to you: 'Blessed are the peace-makers,' but now in the blaze of
+day I say unto you: 'Blessed are the war-makers, for they shall be
+called, if not the children of Jahve, the children of Odin, who is
+greater than Jahve.'" For those who want more of this mad jargon on the
+same lines let me refer them to the late Professor Cramb's book on
+Germany and England.</p>
+
+<p>With this cartoon before me, I am driven to fear that when the war is
+done there will rise up in Germany a louder and stronger cry against the
+Christianity of Christ than ever was attempted after the Franco-Prussian
+War. The "man of blood and iron," the man with the mailed fist and the
+iron heel, I much apprehend, will not be satisfied with tearing down the
+emblem of the physical Body of Christ, but to slake his bloodthirsty
+spirit he will want to go on to belabour His Mystical Body no less. God
+avert it!</p>
+
+<p>BERNARD VAUGHAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_130' id="Page_130">130</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Ferdinand' id="Ferdinand"></a><i>Ferdinand</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_131' id='Page_131'>131</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-135.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>Ferdinand s'en va t'en guerre ne salt s'il reviendra. <i>(Old French song adapted.</i>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In this war, where the ranks of the enemy present to us so many
+formidable, sinister, and shocking figures, there is one, and perhaps
+but one, which is purely ridiculous. If we had the heart to relieve our
+strained feelings by laughter, it would be at the gross Coburg traitor,
+with his bodyguard of assassins and his hidden coat-of-mail, his shaking
+hands and his painted face. The world has never seen a meaner scoundrel,
+and we may almost bring ourselves to pity the Kaiser, whom circumstances
+have forced to accept on equal terms a potentate so verminous.</p>
+
+<p>But we no longer smile, we are tempted rather to weep, when we think of
+the nation over whom this Ferdinand exercises his disastrous authority.
+Forty years will have expired this spring since the Christian peasants
+of Bulgaria rose in arms against the Turkish oppressor. After a year of
+wild mountain fighting, Russia, with fraternal devotion, came to their
+help, and at San Stefano in March, 1877, the aspirations of Bulgaria
+were satisfied under Russia auspices. Ten years later Ferdinand the
+usurper descended upon Sofia, shielded by the protection of Austria, and
+since then, under his poisonous rule, the honour and spirit of the once
+passionate and romantic Bulgarian nation have faded like a plant in
+poison-fumes.</p>
+
+<p>Raemaekers presents the odious Ferdinand to us in the act of starting
+for the wars&mdash;he who faints at the sight of a drawn sword. His hired
+assassins guard him from his own people and from the revenge of the
+thousands whom he has injured. But will they always be able to secure so
+vile a life against the vengeance of history? How soon will Fate
+condescend to crush this painted creature?</p>
+
+<p>EDMUND GOSSE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_132' id="Page_132">132</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Juggernaut' id="Juggernaut"></a><i>Juggernaut</i></h2>
+</div>
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_133' id='Page_133'>133</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-137.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>KULTUR HAS PASSED HERE</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Yes, Kultur, the German Juggernaut, has passed this way. There is no
+mistaking the foul track of his chariot-wheels. Kultur is the German
+God. But there is a greater God still. He sees it all. He speaks,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+"<i>Was it for this I died?</i><br />
+&mdash;Black clouds of smoke that veil the sight of heaven;<br />
+Black piles of stones which yesterday were homes;<br />
+And raw black heaps which once were villages;<br />
+Fair towns in ashes, spoiled to suage thy spleen;<br />
+My temples desecrate, My priests out-cast:&mdash;<br />
+Black ruin everywhere, and red,&mdash;a land<br />
+All swamped with blood, and savaged raw and bare;<br />
+All sickened with the reek and stench of war,<br />
+And flung a prey to pestilence and want;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 13em;">&mdash;Thy work!</span><br />
+<br />
+"<i>For this?</i>&mdash;<br />
+&mdash;Life's fair white flower of manhood in the dust;<br />
+Ten thousand thousand hearts made desolate;<br />
+My troubled world a seething pit of hate;<br />
+My helpless ones the victims of thy lust;&mdash;<br />
+The broken maids lift hopeless eyes to Me,<br />
+The little ones lift handless arms to Me,<br />
+The tortured women lift white lips to Me,<br />
+The eyes of murdered white-haired sires and dames<br />
+Stare up at Me. And the sad anguished eyes<br />
+Of My dumb beasts in agony.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 13em;">&mdash;Thy work!"</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>JOHN OXENHAM.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_134' id="Page_134">134</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Michael_and_the_Marks' id="Michael_and_the_Marks"></a><i>Michael and the Marks</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_135' id='Page_135'>135</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-139.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>LOAN JUGGLERY<br /><span class="smcap">Michael</span>: "For my 100 marks I obtained a receipt. I gave this for a second 100 marks and I received a second receipt. For the third loan I gave the second receipt. Have I invested 300 marks and has the Government got 300, or have both of us got nothing?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>"The Loan: good for 100 marks!" Look at him! He is the favoured of the
+Earth, lives in Germany, where Kultur is peerless, and education
+complete (even tho' the man may become a martyr of method). War comes!
+and he is seen, as an almond tree in blossom his years tell, when lo! a
+War Loan is raised with real Helfferichian candour, and Michael has just
+stepped out of the Darlehnskasse, at Oberwesel-on-the-Rhine, or other
+seat of Kultur and War Loan finance. Are visions about? said an American
+humorist now gone to the Shades; and Michael, Loan note in hand, eyes
+reversed, after a visit to two or three offices, wants to know, and
+wonders whether this note can be regarded as "hab und gut," and if so,
+good for how much? Is it a wonder that an artist in a Neutral Country
+should depict German affairs as in this condition, and business done in
+this manner? Michael is puzzled; and in the language of the Old Kent
+Road, "'e dunno where 'e are!" He is puzzled, and not without cause.</p>
+
+<p>All who have followed Germany's financing of the War share Michael's
+perplexity. Brag is a good dog: but it does not do as a foundation for
+credit. Gold at Spandau was trumpeted for years as a "war chest"; but
+when the "best laid schemes o' mice and men gang aft agley," especially
+when a war does not end, as it should, after a jolly march to Paris in
+six weeks, through a violated and plundered Belgium, then comes the
+rub&mdash;and the paper which puzzles Michael. A German, possibly Dr.
+Helfferich, the German Finance Minister, may believe, and some do
+believe, that it does not matter how much "paper," in currency notes, a
+State, or even a Bank, may issue. The more experienced commercial and
+banking concerns of the world insist upon a visible material, as well as
+the personal security, to which the German is prone. The round-about
+method of issuing German War Loans unquestionably puzzles Michael; but
+will not impose on the world outside.</p>
+
+<p>Let it be marked also, that German credit methods have been, in part,
+the proximate cause of this War; a system of credit-trading may last for
+some years only to threaten disaster and general ruin. Now, it is "neck
+or nothing"; Michael goes the round of the Loan offices, and behold him!
+Germany herself fears a crash in credit, and even the German Michael
+feels that it is impending. Already the mark exchanges over 30 below
+par.</p>
+
+<p>W. M. J. WILLIAMS.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_136' id="Page_136">136</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Their_Beresina' id="Their_Beresina"></a><i>Their Beresina</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_137' id='Page_137'>137</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-141.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"Father, is it still a long way to the Beresina?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><i>"Is it still a long way to the Beresina?"</i></p>
+
+<p>The whole civilized world sincerely hopes not.</p>
+
+<p>Death, with the grin on his fleshless face, is hurrying them along to it
+as fast as his troika can go. Three black horses abreast he
+drives&mdash;Dishonour, Disappointment, and Disgrace&mdash;and the more audacious
+of the carrion-crows fly croaking ominously alongside.</p>
+
+<p>Little Willie, with the insignia of his family's doom on his head, is
+not happy in his mind. "Father's" plans have not worked smoothly, his
+promises have not been fulfilled. Little Willie is concerned for his own
+future. He is the only soul in the world who is.</p>
+
+<p>When the First&mdash;the real&mdash;Napoleon entered Russia, on June 24, 1812, he
+led an army of 414,000 men&mdash;the grande arm&eacute;e. When the great retreat
+began from burnt-out Moscow he had less than 100,000. By the time the
+Beresina was reached but little of the grand army was left. "Of the
+cavalry reserve, formerly 32,000 men, only 100 answered the
+muster-roll." The passage of the river, which was to interpose its
+barrier between him and the pursuing Russians, was an inferno of panic,
+selfishness, and utter demoralization. Finally, to secure his own
+safety, Napoleon had the bridges burnt before half his men had crossed.
+The roll-call that night totalled 8,000 gaunt spectres, hardly to be
+called men.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Father, is it still a long way to the Beresina?</i>"</p>
+
+<p>We may surely and rightly put up that question as a prayer to the God
+whom Kaiser William claims as friend, but whom he has flouted and
+bruised as never mortal man since time began has bruised and flouted
+friend before.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Is it still a long way to the Beresina?</i>"</p>
+
+<p>God grant them a short quick course, an end forever to militarism, to
+the wastage it has entailed, and to all those evils which have made such
+things possible in this year of grace 1916.</p>
+
+<p>JOHN OXENHAM.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_138' id="Page_138">138</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='New_Peace_Offers' id="New_Peace_Offers"></a><i>New Peace Offers</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_139' id='Page_139'>139</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-143.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>NEW PEACE OFFERS<br /><span class="smcap">Von Bethmann-Hollweg</span> "The worst of it is, I must always deny having been there."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The present policy of Germany is a curious mixture of underhand
+diplomacy and boastful threats. If she desires to impress the neutral
+States, she vaunts the great conquests that she has been able to
+accomplish. She points out, especially to Roumania and to Greece, how
+terrible is her vengeance on States which defy her, such as Belgium and
+Serbia, while vague promises are given to her Near-Eastern
+Allies&mdash;Bulgaria and Turkey&mdash;that they will have large additions to
+their territory as a reward for compliance with the dictates of Berlin.</p>
+
+<p>But, on the other hand, it is very clear that, as part and parcel of
+this vigorous offensive, Germany is already in more quarters than one
+suggesting that she is quite open to offers of peace. As every one
+knows, Von B&uuml;low in Switzerland is the head and controlling agent of a
+great movement in the direction of peace; while lately we have heard of
+offers made to Belgium that if she will acknowledge a commercial
+dependence on the Central Empires her territory will be restored to her.
+Similar movements are going on in America, because throughout Germany
+still seeks to pose as a nation which was attacked and had to defend
+herself, and is therefore quite ready to listen if any reasonable offers
+come from her enemies to bring the war to a close.</p>
+
+<p>The unhappy German Imperial Chancellor has to play his part in this
+sorry comedy with such skill as he can manage. To his German countrymen
+he has to proclaim that the war has been one brilliant progress from the
+start to the present time. This must be done in order to allay the
+apprehensions of Berlin and to propitiate the ever-increasing demand for
+more plentiful supplies of food. Secretly he has to work quite as hard
+to secure for the Central Empires such a conclusion of hostilities as
+will leave them masters of Europe. And, without doubt, he has to put up
+with a good many indignities in the process. "The worst of it is, I must
+always deny having been there." Kicked out by the Allies, he has to
+pretend that no advances were ever made. Perhaps, however, such a task
+is not uncongenial to the man who began by asserting that solemnly
+ratified treaties were only "scraps of paper."</p>
+
+<p>W. L. COURTNEY.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_140' id="Page_140">140</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Shields_of_Rosselaere' id="The_Shields_of_Rosselaere"></a><i>The Shields of Rosselaere</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_141' id='Page_141'>141</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-145.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE SHIELDS OF ROSSELAERE<br />At Rosselaere the German troops forced the Belgian townsfolk to march in front of them.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The climax of meanness and selfishness would seem to be reached when an
+armed man shelters himself behind the unarmed; yet it is not the climax,
+for here the artist depicts a body of German troops sheltering
+themselves behind women, calculating that the Belgians will not fire on
+their own countrywomen and unarmed friends, and that so the attack may
+safely gain an advantage.</p>
+
+<p>There is a studied contrast between the calm, orderly march of the
+troops with shouldered arms and the huddled, disorderly progress to
+which the townspeople are compelled. These are not marching; they are
+going to their death. Several of the women have their hands raised in
+frantic anguish, their eyes are like the eyes of insanity, and one at
+least has her mouth open to emit a shriek of terror. Two of the men are
+in even worse condition; they are collapsing, one forward, one backward,
+with outstretched hands as if grasping at help. The rest march on,
+courageously or stolidly. Some seem hardly to understand, some
+understand and accept their fate with calm resignation.</p>
+
+<p>One old woman walks quietly with bowed head submissive. In the front
+walks a priest, his hand raised in the gesture of blessing his flock.
+The heroism of the Catholic priesthood both in France and in Belgium
+forms one of the most honourable features of the Great War, and stands
+in striking contrast with the calculating diplomatic policy of the
+Papacy. There is always the same tendency in the "chief priests" of
+every race and period to be tempted to sacrifice moral considerations to
+expediency, and to prefer the empty fabric of an imposing Church
+establishment to the people who make the Church. But the clergy of
+Belgium are there to prove what the Church can do for mankind. This
+cartoon would be incomplete and would deserve condemnation as inartistic
+if it were not redeemed by the priest and the old woman.</p>
+
+<p>WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_142' id="Page_142">142</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Obstinacy_of_Nicholas' id="The_Obstinacy_of_Nicholas"></a><i>The Obstinacy of Nicholas</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_143' id="Page_143">143</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-147.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>"Why, I've killed you twice, and you dare to come back again."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The venerable quip that what is firmness in ourselves is obstinacy in
+our opponents is illustrated with a ludicrous explicitness in the whole
+tenor of German official utterance since the failure of the great
+drives. The obtuseness of the Allies is so abysmal (it is again and
+again complained in the Reichstag and through Wolff) that they are
+unable to see that Germany is the permanently triumphant victor. Whereas
+for Germany, whose cause even the neutrals judge to be lost, to hold out
+at the cost of untold blood and treasure is merely the manifestation of
+heaven-conferred German steadfastness. The Army into whose obstinate
+corporate head it is hardest to drive the idea of German military
+all-powerfulness is the Russian, of which retreating units, actually
+armed with staves against a superbly equipped (but innocent and wantonly
+attacked) foe, were so stupid as to forget how to be broken and
+demoralized.</p>
+
+<p>And this long, imperturbable, <i>verdamte</i> Nicholas, who was declared on
+the highest German authority (and what higher?) to be annihilated twice,
+having turned a smashing tactical defeat into strategical victory, bobs
+up serenely in another and most inconvenient place. Absurd; particularly
+when "what I tell you three times is true." ... Neonapoleon didn't
+remember Moscow. But he will.</p>
+
+<p>JOSEPH THORP.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_144' id="Page_144">144</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Order_of_Merit' id="The_Order_of_Merit"></a><i>The Order of Merit</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_145' id="Page_145">145</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-149.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>THE ORDER OF MERIT<br /><span class="smcap">Turkey</span>: "And is this all the compensation I get?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Turkey had no illusions from the beginning on the subject of the war. If
+the choice had been left to the nation she would not have become
+Germany's catspaw. Unfortunately for Turkey, she has had no choice. For
+years upon years the Sultan Abdul Hamid was Turkey. Opposition to his
+will meant death for his opponent. Thus Turkey became inarticulate. Her
+voice was struck dumb. The revolution was looked upon hopefully as the
+dawn of a new era. Abdul Hamid was dethroned; his brother, a puppet, was
+exalted, anointed, and enthroned. Power passed from the Crown, not, as
+expected, to the people and its representatives, but into the hands of a
+youthful adventurer, in German pay, who has led his country from one
+folly to another.</p>
+
+<p>Turkey did not want to fight, but she had no choice, and so she was
+dragged in by the heels. She has lost much besides her independence. The
+crafty German has drained her of supplies while giving naught in return.
+The German's policy is to strive throughout for a weak Turkey. The
+weaker Turkey can be made, the better will it be for Germany, which
+hopes still, no matter what may happen elsewhere, so to manipulate
+things as to dominate the Ottoman Empire after the war.</p>
+
+<p>Turkey is still a rich country, in spite of her enormous sacrifices in
+the past decade. She has been exploited from end to end by the German
+adventurer, who will continue the process of bleeding so long as there
+is safety in the method; but Turkey is beginning to ask herself, as does
+the figure of the fat Pasha in the cartoon: "And is this all the
+compensation I get?" An Iron Cross does not pay for the loss of half a
+million good soldiers. Yet that is the exact measure of Turkey's reward.</p>
+
+<p>RALPH D. BLUMENFELD.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_146' id="Page_146">146</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Marshes_of_Pinsk' id="The_Marshes_of_Pinsk"></a><i>The Marshes of Pinsk</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_147' id="Page_147">147</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-151.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>THE MARSHES OF PINSK, NOVEMBER, 1915.<br />The Kaiser said last spring: "When the leaves fall you'll have peace." They have!</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In what are we most like our kinsmen the Germans, and in what most
+unlike? I was convicted of Teutonism when first, in Germany, I ate "brod
+und butter," and found the words pronounced in an English way, slurred.
+But if we are like the Germans in the names of simple and childish
+things, we grow more unlike them, we draw farther apart from them, as we
+grow up. We love war less and less, as they love it more. We love our
+word of honour more and more as they, for the love of war, love their
+word less.</p>
+
+<p>There is no nation in the world more unlike us; because there is no war
+so perfect, so conscious, so complete as the German. And being thus
+all-predominant, German war is the greatest of outrages on life and
+death. We English have a singular degree of respect for the dead. It has
+no doubt expressed itself in some slight follies and vulgarities, such
+as certain funeral customs, not long gone by; but such respect is a
+national virtue and emotion. No nation loving war harbours that virtue.
+And in nothing do the kinsmen with whom we have much language in common
+differ from us more than in the policy that brought this Prussian host
+to cumber the stagnant waters of the Marshes of Pinsk.</p>
+
+<p>The love of war has cast them there, displayed, profaned, in the "cold
+obstruction" of their dissolution. Corruption is not sensible corruption
+when it is a secret in earth where no eye, no hand, no breathing can be
+aware of it. There is no offence in the grave. But the lover of war, the
+Power that loved war so much as to break its oath for the love of war,
+and for the love of war to strike aside the hand of the peace-maker,
+Arbitration, that Power has chosen thus to expose and to betray the
+multitude of the dead.</p>
+
+<p>ALICE MEYNELL.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_148' id="Page_148">148</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='God_With_Us' id="God_With_Us"></a><i>God With Us</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_149' id="Page_149">149</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-153.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>GOD WITH US<br />"At the command 'Gott mit uns' you will go for them."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Three <i>apaches</i> sit crouched in shelter waiting the moment to strike.
+One is old and <i>gaga</i>, his ancient fingers splayed on the ground to
+support him and his face puckered with the petulance of age. One is a
+soft shapeless figure&mdash;clearly with small heart for the business, for he
+squats there as limp as a sack. One is the true stage conspirator with a
+long pendulous nose and narrow eyes. His knife is in his teeth, and he
+would clearly like to keep it there, for he has no stomach for a fight.
+He will only strike if he can get in a secret blow. The leader of the
+gang has the furtive air of the criminal, his chin sunk on his breast,
+and his cap slouched over his brows. His right hand holds a stiletto,
+his pockets bulge with weapons or plunder, his left hand is raised with
+the air of a priest encouraging his flock. And his words are the words
+of religion&mdash;"God with us." At the sign the motley crew will get to
+work.</p>
+
+<p>It is wholesome to strip the wrappings from grandiose things. Public
+crimes are no less crimes because they are committed to the sound of
+trumpets, and the chicanery of crowned intriguers is morally the same as
+the tricks of hedge bandits. It is privilege of genius to get down to
+fundamentals. Behind the stately speech of international <i>pourparlers</i>
+and the rhetoric of national appeals burn the old lust and greed and
+rapine. A stab in the dark is still a stab in the dark though courts and
+councils are the miscreants. A war of aggression is not less brigandage
+because the armies march to proud songs and summon the Almighty to their
+aid.</p>
+
+<p>Raemaekers has done much to clear the eyes of humanity. The monarch of
+<i>Felix Austria</i>, with the mantle of the Holy Roman Empire still dragging
+from his shoulders, is no more than a puzzled, broken old man, crowded
+in this bad business beside the Grand Turk, against whom his fathers
+defended Europe. The preposterous Ferdinand, shorn of his bombast, is
+only a chicken-hearted assassin. The leader of the band, the All Highest
+himself, when stripped of his white cloak and silver helmet, shows the
+slouch and the furtive ferocity of the street-corner bravo. And the cry
+"God with us," which once rallied Crusades, has become on such lips the
+signal of the <i>apache</i>.</p>
+
+<p>JOHN BUCHAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_150' id="Page_150">150</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Ferdinand_the_Chameleon' id="Ferdinand_the_Chameleon"></a><i>Ferdinand the Chameleon</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_151' id="Page_151">151</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-155.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>FERDINAND THE CHAMELEON<br />"I was a Catholic, but, needing Russian help, I became a Greek Orthodox. Now I need the Austrians, I again become Catholic. Should things turn out badly, I can again revert to Greek Orthodoxy."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There is one whole field of the evil international influence of Germany
+in which Ferdinand of Bulgaria is a much more important and symbolic
+person than William of Prussia. He is, of course, a cynical
+cosmopolitan. He is in great part a Jew, and an advanced type of that
+<i>mauvais juif</i> who is the principal obstacle to all the attempts of the
+more genuine and honest Jews to erect a rational status for their
+people.</p>
+
+<p>Like almost every man of this type, he is a Jingo without being a
+patriot. That is to say, he is of the type that believes in big
+armaments and in a diplomacy even more brutal than armaments; but the
+militarism and diplomacy are not humanized either by the ancient
+national sanctities which surround the Czar of Russia, or the
+spontaneous national popularity which established the King of Serbia. He
+is not national, but international; and even in his peaceful activities
+has been not so much a neutral as a spy.</p>
+
+<p>In the accompanying cartoon the Dutch caricaturist has thrust with his
+pencil at the central point of this falsity. It is something which is
+probably the central point of everything everywhere, but is especially
+the central point of everything connected with the deep quarrels of
+Eastern Europe. It is religion. Russian Orthodoxy is an enormously
+genuine thing; Austrian Romanism is a genuine thing; Islam is a genuine
+thing; Israel, for that matter, is also a genuine thing.</p>
+
+<p>But Ferdinand of Bulgaria is not a genuine thing; and he represents the
+whole part played by Prussia in these ancient disputes. That part is the
+very reverse of genuine; it is a piece of ludicrous and transparent
+humbug. If Prussia had any religion, it would be a northern perversion
+of Protestantism utterly distant from and indifferent to the
+controversies of Slavonic Catholics. But Prussia has no religion. For
+her there is no God; and Ferdinand is his prophet.</p>
+
+<p>G. K. CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_152' id="Page_152">152</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Latin_Sisters' id="The_Latin_Sisters"></a><i>The Latin Sisters</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_153' id="Page_153">153</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-157.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>THE LATIN SISTERS<br /><span class="smcap">Italy</span>: "Indeed she is my sister"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Latin Sisters! Note carefully the expression of France as contrasted
+with that of Italy. France, violated by the Hun, exhibits grim
+determination made sacrosanct by suffering. Italy's face glows with
+enthusiasm. One can conceive of the one fighting on to avenge her
+martyrs, steadfast to the inevitable end when Right triumphs over Might.
+One can conceive of the other drawing her sword because of the blood tie
+which links them together in a bond that craft and specious lies have
+tried in vain to sunder. What do they stand for, these two noble
+sisters? Everything which can be included in the word&mdash;ART. Everything
+which has built up, stone upon stone, the stately temple of
+Civilization, everything which has served to humanize mankind and to
+differentiate him from the beasts of Prussia.</p>
+
+<p>Looking at these two sisters, one wonders that there are still to be
+found in England mothers who allow their children to be taught German.
+One hazards the conjecture that it might well be imparted to
+exceptionally wicked children, if there be any, because none can
+question that the Teutonic tongue will be spoken almost exclusively in
+the nethermost deeps of Hades until, and probably after, the Day of
+Judgment.</p>
+
+<p>For my sins I studied German in Germany, and I rejoice to think that I
+have forgotten nearly every word of that raucous and obscene language.
+Had I a child to educate, and the choice between German and Choctaw were
+forced upon me, I should not select German. French, Italian, and
+Spanish, cognate tongues, easy to learn, delightful to speak, hold out
+sweet allurements to English children. Do not these suffice? If any
+mother who happens to read these lines is considering the propriety of
+teaching German to a daughter, let her weigh well the responsibility
+which she is deliberately assuming. To master any foreign language, it
+is necessary to talk much and often with the natives. Do Englishwomen
+wish to talk with any Huns after this war? What will be the feeling of
+an English mother whose daughter marries a Hun any time within the next
+twenty years? And such a mother will know that she planted the seed
+which ripened into catastrophe when she permitted her child to acquire
+the language of our detestable and detested enemies.</p>
+
+<p>HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_154' id="Page_154">154</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Misunderstood' id="Misunderstood"></a><i>Misunderstood</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_155' id="Page_155">155</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-159.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>MISUNDERSTOOD<br /><span class="smcap">Bernhardi</span> "Indeed I am the most humane fellow in the world"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>It need not necessarily be supposed that the directors of German
+destiny, who are not devoid of intelligence, took the ravings of
+Bernhardi over-seriously. He had his special uses no doubt before the
+day. But on the morrow of the day, when questions of responsibility came
+to be raised, he became one of many inconvenient witnesses; and there
+has scarcely been a better joke among the grim humours of this
+catastrophe than the mission of this Redhot-Gospeller of the New
+Unchivalry of War to explain to "those idiotic Yankees" that he was
+really an ardent pacifist. The most just, the most brilliant, the most
+bitter pamphlet of invective could surely not say so much as this
+reeking cleaver, those bloody hands, that fatuous leer and gesture, this
+rigid victim. Bernhardism was not a mere windy theory. It was exactly
+practised on the Belgian people.</p>
+
+<p>And this spare, dignified figure of Uncle Sam, contemptuously
+incredulous, is, I make bold to say, a more representative symbol of the
+American people than one which our impatience sometimes tempts us now to
+draw. Most Americans now regret, as Pope Benedict must regret, that the
+first most cruel rape of Belgium was allowed to pass without formal
+protest in the name of civilization. But that occasion gone, none other,
+not the <i>Lusitania</i> even, showed so clear an opportunity. A people's
+sentiments are not necessarily expressed by the action of its
+Government, which moves always in fetters. Nor has President Wilson's
+task been as simple as his critics on this or the other side of the
+Atlantic profess to believe.</p>
+
+<p>JOSEPH THORP.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_156' id="Page_156">156</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Prosperity_Reigns_in_Flanders' id="Prosperity_Reigns_in_Flanders"></a><i>Prosperity Reigns in Flanders</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_157' id="Page_157">157</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-161.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>PROSPERITY REIGNS IN FLANDERS<br />Four hundred and eighty millions of francs have been imposed as a war tax, but soup is given gratis</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Wherever Prussia rules she has only one method of ruling&mdash;that of
+terror. Wherever she finds civilization and the wealth which
+civilization creates, she can do nothing but despoil. She is as
+incapable of persuasion as of creation. No people forced to endure her
+rule have ever been won to prefer it as the Alsatians came to prefer the
+rule of France or as many Indians have come to prefer the rule of
+England. In Belgium she has been especially herself in this respect.</p>
+
+<p>A wise policy would have dictated such a careful respect for private
+rights and such a deference to native traditions as might conceivably
+have weakened the determination of the Belgians to resist to the death
+those who had violated their national independence. But Prussia is
+incapable of such a policy. In any territory which she occupies, whether
+temporarily or permanently, her only method is terror and her only aim
+loot. She did indeed send some of her tame Socialists to Brussels to
+embark on the hopeless enterprise of persuading the Belgian Socialists
+that honour and patriotism were <i>ideologies bourgeoises</i> and that the
+"economic interests" of Belgium would be best promoted by a submission.
+These pedantic barbarians got the answer which they deserved; but on
+their pettifogging thesis Raemaekers' cartoon is perhaps the best
+commentary.</p>
+
+<p>The "prosperity" of Belgium under Prussian rule has consisted in the
+systematic looting, in violation of international law, of the wealth
+accumulated by the free citizens of Belgium, for the advantage of their
+Prussian rulers; while to the mass of the people it has brought and,
+until it is forever destroyed, can bring nothing but that slavery which
+the Prussians have themselves accepted and which they would now impose
+upon the whole civilization of Europe.</p>
+
+<p>CECIL CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_158' id="Page_158">158</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Last_Hohenzollern' id="The_Last_Hohenzollern"></a><i>The Last Hohenzollern</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_159' id="Page_159">159</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-163.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND!<br />"Father says I have to do the same with France"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Behind him stands the embodiment of all that Prussian kultur and
+efficiency mean, wooden uninventiveness, clockwork accuracy of
+movement&mdash;without soul or inspiration. He himself is thin and
+scraggy&mdash;Raemaekers has intensified these characteristics, but even so
+the caricature of the reality is more accurate than unkind. Many months
+ago, this vacuous heir of the house of Hohenzollern set to work on the
+task of overcoming France, and the result ... may be found in bundles of
+four, going back to the incinerators beyond Aix, in the piled corpses
+before the French positions at and about Verdun; some of the results,
+the swag of the decadent burglar, went back in sacks from the ch&acirc;teaux
+that this despicable thing polluted and robbed as might any Sikes from
+Portland or Pentonville.</p>
+
+<p>He is the embodiment, himself, of the last phase of Prussian kultur.
+Somewhere back in the history of Prussia its rulers had to invent and to
+create, and then kultur brought forth hard men; later, it became
+possible to copy, and then kultur brought forth mechanical perfection
+rather than creative perfection, systematized its theories of life and
+work, and brought into being a class of men just a little meaner, more
+rigid, more automaton-like, than the original class; having reduced life
+to one system, and that without soul or ideal, kultur brought forth
+types lacking more and more in originality. Here stands the culminating
+type; he will copy the good German Gott&mdash;he is incapable of originating
+anything&mdash;and will "do the same to France."</p>
+
+<p>As far as lies in his power, he has done it; in the day of reckoning,
+Germany will judge how he has done it, and it is to be hoped that
+Germany will give him his just reward, for no punishment could be more
+fitting. The rest of the world already knows his vacuity, his utter
+uselessness, his criminal decadence. As his father was stripped of the
+Garter, so is he here shown stripped of the attributes to which, in
+earlier days, he made false claim. There remains a foolish knave
+posturing&mdash;and that is the real Crown Prince of Germany.</p>
+
+<p>E. CHARLES VIVIAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_160' id="Page_160">160</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Piracy' id="Piracy"></a><i>Piracy</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_161' id="Page_161">161</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-165.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>TIRPITZ'S LAST HOPE&mdash;PIRACY</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In the summer of 1914 Germany stood before the world, a nation of
+immense, and to a great extent of most honourable, achievement. Her
+military greatness had never been in dispute. But in the previous twenty
+years she had developed an internal industry and an external commerce on
+a scale and with a rapidity entirely unprecedented. She had to build a
+navy such as no nation had ever constructed in so short a time. She
+seemed destined to progress in the immediate future as she had
+progressed in the immediate past.</p>
+
+<p>What has the madness for world conquest done for her now? She has made
+enemies of all, and made all her enemies suffer. Like the strong blind
+man of history, she has seized the columns of civilization and brought
+the whole temple down. But has she not destroyed herself utterly amid
+the ruins? Her industry is paralyzed, her commerce gone. Her navy is
+dishonoured. Some force she still possesses at sea, but it is force to
+be expended on sea piracy alone. And it is not piracy that can save her.
+At most, in her extremity, it will do for her what a life belt does for
+a lone figure in a deserted ocean. It prolongs the agony that precedes
+inevitable extinction. It is the throw of the desperate gambler that
+Germany has made, when she flings this last vestige of her honour into
+the sea.</p>
+
+<p>ARTHUR POLLEN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_162' id="Page_162">162</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Weeping_She_Hath_Wept' id="Weeping_She_Hath_Wept"></a>"<i>Weeping, She Hath Wept</i>"</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_163' id="Page_163">163</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-167.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>While a world of mourners is plaintively asking, "What has become of our
+brave dead, where are they? Alas! how dark is the world without them,
+how silent the home, how sad the heart"; whilst the mourner is groping
+like the blind woman for her lost treasure, the Belgian mother, and the
+Belgian widow, and the Belgian orphan are on their knees, praying,
+"Eternal rest give to them, O Lord; let a perpetual light shine upon
+them," the Christian plea that has echoed down the ages from the day of
+the Maccabees till now, exhorting us to pray for the dead that they may
+be loosed from their sins. I would remind the broken-hearted mother
+beseeching me to tell her where can her brave boy be gone, adding, "His
+was such a lonely journey; did he find his way to God?" of the words of
+the poet, who finds his answer to her question in the flight of a sea
+bird sailing sunward from the winter snows:</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+There is a Power whose care<br />
+Teaches thy way along the pathless coast,<br />
+The desert and illimitable air,<br />
+Lone, wandering but not lost:<br />
+<br />
+He who from zone to zone<br />
+Guides, through the boundless sky, thy certain flight,<br />
+In the lone way which thou must tread alone<br />
+Will lead thy steps aright.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The brave soldier, who in the discharge of high duty has been suddenly
+shot into eternity by the fire of the enemy, will surely, far more
+easily than the migrating bird, wing his flight to God, Who, let us
+pray, will not long withhold him the happy-making vision of Heaven.
+Pilgrims homeward-bound, as you readily understand, at different stages
+of their journey will picture Heaven to themselves differently,
+according as light or darkness, joy or sorrow encompass them. Some will
+picture Heaven as the Everlasting Holiday after the drudgery of school
+life, others as Eternal Happiness after a life of suffering and sorrow,
+others again as Home after exile, and some others as never-ending
+Rapture in the sight of God.</p>
+
+<p>But to-day, when " frightfulness" is the creed of the enemy, and warfare
+with atrocities is his gospel, very many amongst us, weary with the
+long-drawn battle, sick with its ever-recurring horrors, and broken by
+its ghastly revelations, will lift up their eyes to a land beyond the
+stars.</p>
+
+<p>FATHER BERNARD VAUGHAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_164' id="Page_164">164</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Military_Necessity' id="Military_Necessity"></a><i>Military Necessity</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_165' id="Page_165">165</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-169.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>ON TICKET-OF-LEAVE<span class="smcap">Convict</span>: "The next time I'll wear a German helmet and plead 'military necessity.'"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>It may be asserted that the plea of "Frightfulness" will not be
+recognized a "military necessity" when Germany is judged, and that this
+enemy of civilization, even as the enemy of society, will be held
+responsible for its crimes, though they stand as far above the
+imagination as beyond the power of a common felon. Bill Sikes may justly
+claim "military necessity" for his thefts and murders, if Germany can do
+so for hers.</p>
+
+<p>Under Article No. 46 of the Regulations of The Hague, we learn that
+"Family honour and rights, individual life and private property must be
+respected," and, under Article No. 47, "all pillage is expressly
+forbidden." But while it was a political necessity to subscribe to that
+fundamental formula of civilization, Germany's heart recognized no real
+need to do so, and secretly, in cold blood, at the inspiration of her
+educated and well-born rulers, she plotted the details of a campaign of
+murder, rape, arson, and pillage, which demanded the breaking of her
+oath as its preliminary. Well might her Chancellor laugh at "the scrap
+of paper," which stood between Germany and Belgium, when he reflected on
+the long list of sacred assurances his perjured country had already
+planned to break.</p>
+
+<p>No viler series of events, in Northern France alone, can be cited than
+those extracted from the note-books of captured and fallen Germans. Such
+blood-stained pages must be a tithe of those that returned to Germany,
+but they furnish a full story of what the rank and file accomplished at
+the instigation and example of their officers. Space precludes
+quotation; but one may refer the reader to "Germany's Violations of the
+Laws of War,"<a name='FNanchor_A_1' id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> published under the auspices of the French Foreign
+Office. It is a book that should be on the tables at the Peace
+Conference.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>We cannot hang an army for these unspeakable offences, or treat those
+who burn a village of living beings as we would treat one who made a
+bonfire of his fellow-man; nor can we condemn to penal servitude a whole
+nation for bestial outrages on humanity, ordered by its Higher Command
+and executed by its troops; but at least we may hope soon to find the
+offending Empire under police supervision of Europe, with a
+ticket-of-leave, whose conditions shall be as strict as an outraged
+earth knows how to draw them.</p>
+
+<p>EDEN PHILLPOTTS.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name='Footnote_A_1' id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> English translation. Heinemann.</p></div>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_166' id="Page_166">166</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Liberte_Liberte_Cherie' id="Liberte_Liberte_Cherie"></a><i>Libert&eacute;! Libert&eacute;, Ch&eacute;rie</i>!</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_167' id="Page_167">167</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-171.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>LIBERT&Eacute;! LIBERT&Eacute;, CH&Eacute;RIE!</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There have been many surprises in this war. The evil surprises,
+patiently, scientifically, diabolically matured in the dark for the
+upsetting and downcasting of a too-trusting world by the enemy of
+mankind, whose "Teuton-faith" will surely forever outrival that
+"Punic-faith" which has hitherto been the by-word for perfidious
+treachery. The heartening surprises of gallant little Belgium and
+Serbia; the renascence of Russia; the wonderful upleap to the needs of
+the times by Great, and still more by Greater Britain; and, not least,
+the bracing of the loins of our closest Allies just across the water.</p>
+
+<p>In the very beginning, when the Huns tore up that scrap of paper which
+represented their honour and their right to a place among decent
+dwellers on the earth, and came sweeping like a dirty flood over Belgium
+and Northern France, the overpowering remembrance of 1870 still lay
+heavy on our sorely-tried neighbours. They had not yet quite found
+themselves. The Huns had a mighty reputation for invincibility. It
+seemed impossible to stand against them. There were waverings, even
+crumplings. There were said to be treacheries in high places.</p>
+
+<p>The black flood swept on. Von Kluck was heading for Paris, and seemed
+likely to get there. Then suddenly, miraculously as it seemed, his
+course was diverted. He was tossed aside and flung back.</p>
+
+<p>And it is good to recall the reason he himself is said to have given for
+his failure.</p>
+
+<p>"At Mons the British taught the French how to die."</p>
+
+<p>That is a great saying and worthy of preservation for all time. Whether
+Von Kluck said it or not does not matter. It represents and immortalizes
+a mighty fact.</p>
+
+<p>France was bending under the terrible impact. Britain stood and died.
+France braced her loins and they have been splendidly braced ever since.</p>
+
+<p>The Huns were found to be resistible, vulnerable, breakable. The old
+verve and &eacute;lan came back with all the old fire, and along with these,
+new depths of grim courage and tenacity, and, we are told, of
+spirituality, which may be the making of a new France greater than the
+world has ever known.</p>
+
+<p>And that we shall welcome. France, Belgium, Serbia, Russia have suffered
+in ways we but faintly comprehend on this side of the water. When the
+Great Settling Day conies, this new higher spirit of France will, it is
+to be devoutly hoped, make for restraint in the universal craving for
+vengeance, and prove a weighty factor in the righteous re-adjustment of
+things and the proper fitting together of the jig-saw map of Europe.</p>
+
+<p>JOHN OXENHAM.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_168' id="Page_168">168</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='I_A_Knavish_Piece_of_Work' id="I_A_Knavish_Piece_of_Work"></a><i>I&mdash;"A Knavish Piece of Work"</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_169' id="Page_169">169</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-173.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>WE'LL GIVE YOU THE TITLE OF MPRET OF POLAND<br />The new Governor has had the title of Mpret given to him, the same that was given to the ill-starred Prince of Wied when made ruler of Albania in 1914.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There can be no defence of the spirit of hatred in which the Germans
+have, so fatally for their future, carried on this amazing mad war of
+theirs, in violation of all human instincts of self-respect and
+self-preservation, to say nothing of the obligations of religion and
+morality observed among mankind from the first dawnings of civilization.
+The knavery, the villainy, and the besotted bestiality of it can never
+be forgotten, and must never be forgiven, and Louis Raemaekers, gifted
+as he is with the rare dramatic genius that discriminates his Cartoons,
+has but discharged an obvious patriotic duty in publishing them to the
+world at large, as true and faithful witnesses to the unspeakable and
+inexpiable abominations wrought throughout Belgium and French Flanders
+by the Germans&mdash;which, already, in the course of Divine retribution,
+have involved their own country in material losses it will take from
+three to four generations to repair; and their once honoured name in
+contempt, and reprobation, and infamy, wherefrom it can never be
+redeemed.</p>
+
+<p>Nevertheless, as an Englishman, I shrink from giving any emphasis there
+may be in my "hand and signature" to these righteously condemnatory and
+withering cartoons; and because, each one of them, as I turn to it,
+brings more and more crushingly home to me the transcending sin of
+England&mdash;of every individual Englishman with a vote for Members of
+Parliament&mdash;in not having prepared for this war; a sin that has
+implicated us in the destruction of the whole rising generation of the
+flower of our manhood; and, before this date, would have brought us
+under subjection to Germany but for the confidence placed by the rank
+and file of the British people and nation in Lord Kitchener of Khartum.</p>
+
+<p>Now&mdash;face to face with enemies&mdash;from the Kaiser downward to his humblest
+subjects&mdash;animated by the highest, noblest ideals, but again perverted
+for a time&mdash;as in the case of their ancestors in the Middle Ages&mdash;by a
+secular epidemic of "Panmania," they are to be faced not with idle
+reproaches and revilings, still less with undignified taunts and gibes,
+but with close-drawn lips and clenched teeth, in the determination that,
+once having cast Satan out of them, he shall be bound down to keep the
+peace of Christendom&mdash;"for a thousand years."</p>
+
+<p>GEORGE BIRDWOOD.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_170' id="Page_170">170</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='II_SisyphusmdashHis_Stone' id="II_SisyphusmdashHis_Stone"></a><i>II&mdash;"Sisyphus,&mdash;His Stone"</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_171' id="Page_171">171</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-175.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>SISYPHUS</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Sisyphus, as the story goes, was a King who widely extended the
+commerce, and largely increased the wealth, of Corinth, but by
+avaricious and fraudful ways; for the sin whereof he was sentenced after
+death to the unresting labour of rolling up a hill in Tartarus, a huge
+unhewn block of stone, which so soon as he gets it to the hill top, for
+all his efforts, rolls down again. In classical representation of the
+scene he is associated with Tantalus and Ixion; Tantalus, who, presuming
+too much on his relations with Zeus, was after death afflicted with an
+unquenchable thirst amidst flowing fountains and pellucid lakes&mdash;like
+the lakes of "The Thirst of the Antelope" in the marvellous mirages of
+Rajputana and Mesopotamia&mdash;that ever elude his anguished approaches; and
+with Ixion, the meanest and basest of cheats, and most demoniac of
+murderers, whose posthumous punishment was in being stretched, and
+broken, and bound, in the figure of the svastika, on a wheel which,
+self-moved&mdash;like the wheels of the vision of Ezekiel&mdash;whirls forevermore
+round and round the abyss of the nether world. The moral of these
+tortures is that we may well and most wisely leave vengeance to "the
+high Gods." They will repay!</p>
+
+<p>GEORGE BIRDWOOD.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_172' id="Page_172">172</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Concrete_Foundations' id="Concrete_Foundations"></a><i>Concrete Foundations</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_173' id="Page_173">173</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-177.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'>ON CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS<br /><span class="smcap">Big Bertha</span>: "What a charming view over Flushing harbour! May I build a villa here?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Nothing has damned the Germans more in the eyes of other nations,
+belligerent and neutral alike, and nothing will have a more subtle and
+lasting influence on future relations, than the revelation of stealthy
+preparation for conquest under a mask of innocent and friendly
+intercourse. The whole process of "peaceful penetration," pursued in a
+thousand ways with infernal ingenuity and relentless determination, is
+an exhibition of systematic treachery such as all the Macchiavellis have
+never conceived. Germany has revealed herself as a nation of spies and
+assassins. To take advantage of a neighbour's unsuspecting hospitality,
+to enter his house with an air of open friendship, in order to stab him
+in the back at a convenient moment, is an act of the basest treachery,
+denounced by all mankind in all ages. No one would be more shocked by it
+in private life than the Germans themselves. But when it is undertaken
+methodically on a national scale under the influence of <i>Deutschland
+&uuml;ber Alles</i>, the same conduct becomes ennobled in their eyes, they throw
+themselves into it with enthusiasm and lose all sense of honour. Such is
+the moral perversion worked by Kultur and the German theory of the
+State.</p>
+
+<p>An inevitable consequence is that in future the movements and
+proceedings of Germans in other countries will be watched with intense
+suspicion, and if Governments do not prevent the sort of thing depicted
+by Mr. Raemaekers the people will see to it themselves. The cartoon is
+not, of course, intended to reflect personally on the owner of Krupp's
+works, who is said to be a gentle-minded and blameless lady. It is her
+misfortune to be associated by the chance of inheritance with the German
+war machine and one of the underhand methods by which it has pursued its
+aims.</p>
+
+<p>A. SHADWELL.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_174' id="Page_174">172</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Pallas_Athene' id="Pallas_Athene"></a><i>Pallas Athene</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_175' id="Page_175">175</a></span>
+<img src='images/illus-179.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+<p class='caption'><span class="smcap">Pallas Athene</span> "Has it come to this?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>"Has it come to this?" Well may the Goddess ask this question. Times are
+indeed changed since the heroic days. Germany has still her great Greek
+scholars, one or two of them among the greatest living, men who know,
+and can feel, the spirit, as well as the letter, of the old Classics. Do
+they remember to-day what the relation of the Goddess of Wisdom was to
+the God of War, in Homer, when, to use the Latin names which are perhaps
+more familiar, to the general reader than the Greek, Mars "indulged in
+lawless rage," and Jove sent Juno and Minerva to check his
+"frightfulness?"</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+"Go! and the great Minerva be thine aid;<br />
+To tame the monster-god Minerva knows,<br />
+And oft afflicts his brutal breast with woes."<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>and how the hero Diomede, with Minerva's aid, wounded the divine bully
+and sent him bellowing and whimpering back, only to hear from his father
+the just rebuke:</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+"To me, perfidious! this lamenting strain?<br />
+Of lawless force shall lawless Mars complain?<br />
+Of all the gods who tread the spangled skies,<br />
+Thou most unjust, most odious in our eyes!<br />
+Inhuman discord is thy dear delight,<br />
+The waste of slaughter, and the rage of fight!"<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>It is most true. Such has ever been War for War's sake, and when the
+Germans themselves are wounded and beaten, they complain like Mars of
+old of "lawless force."</p>
+
+<p>But Raemaekers has introduced another touch more Roman than Greek, and
+reminding us perhaps of Tacitus rather than of Homer.</p>
+
+<p>Who was Caligula, and what does his name mean? "Little Jack-boots," in
+his childhood the spoiled child of the camp, as a man, and C&aelig;sar, the
+first of the thoroughly mad, as well as bad, Emperors of Rome, the first
+to claim divine honours in his lifetime, to pose as an artist and an
+architect, an orator and a <i>litt&eacute;rateur</i>, to have executions carried out
+under his own eyes, and while he was at meals; who made himself a God,
+and his horse a Consul.</p>
+
+<p>Minerva blacking the boots of Caligula&mdash;it is a clever combination!</p>
+
+<p>But there is an even worse use of Pallas, which War and the German
+War-lords have made. They have found a new Pallas of their own, not the
+supernal Goddess of Heavenly Wisdom and Moderation, but her infernal
+counterfeit, sung of by a famous English poet in prophetic lines that
+come back to us to-day with new force.</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+Who loves not Knowledge, who shall rail<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Against her beauty, may she mix</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">With men and prosper, who shall fix</span><br />
+Her pillars? let her work prevail&mdash;&mdash;<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Yes, but how do the lines continue?</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+What is she cut from love and faith<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But some wild Pallas from the brain</span><br />
+<br />
+Of Demons, fiery hot to burst<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">All barriers in her onward race</span><br />
+For power? Let her know her place,<br />
+She is the second, not the first.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Knowledge is power, but, unrestrained by conscience, a very awful power.</p>
+
+<p>This is the Pallas whom the "Demons," from whose brain she has sprung,
+are using for their demoniac purposes. She too might have her portrait
+painted&mdash;and they. Perhaps Raemaekers will paint them both before he has
+done.</p>
+
+<p>HERBERT WARNER.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_176' id="Page_176">176</a></span>
+<h2><a name='The_Wonders_of_Culture' id="The_Wonders_of_Culture"></a><i>The Wonders of Culture</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_177' id="Page_177">177</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-181.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE WONDERS OF CULTURE</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Of all forms of "Kultur" or "frightfulness" that which materializes in
+the "the terror which flieth by night" is to the intelligent mind at one
+and the same time the most insensate and damnable. It fails to
+accomplish, either in Paris or in London, the subjugation by terror of
+the people for which Germans seem to hope. It is only in German
+imagination that it accomplishes "material and satisfactory damage to
+forts, camps, arsenals, and fortified towns." In reality it inflicts
+misery and death upon a mere handful of people (horrible as that may be)
+and destroys chiefly the homes of the poor. It serves no military end,
+and the damage done is out of all proportion to the expenditure of
+energy and material used to accomplish it.</p>
+
+<p>The fine cartoon which Raemaekers has drawn to bring home to the
+imagination what this form of "Kultur" stands for makes it easy for us
+in London to sympathize with our brothers and sisters in Paris. We have
+as yet been spared daylight raids in the Metropolitan area, and so we
+needed this cartoon to enable us to realize fully what "Kultur" by
+indiscriminate Zeppelin bombs means.</p>
+
+<p>Who cannot see the cruel drama played out in that Paris street? The
+artist has assembled for us in a few living figures all the actors. The
+dead woman; the orphaned child, as yet scarcely realizing her loss; the
+bereaved workman, calling down the vengeance of Heaven upon the
+murderers from the air; the stern faces of the <i>sergents de ville</i>,
+evidently feeling keenly their impotence to protect; and in the
+background other <i>sergents</i>, the lines of whose bent backs convey in a
+marvellous manner and with a touch of real genius the impression of
+tender solicitude for the injured they are tending. And faintly
+indicated, further still in the background, the crowd that differs
+little, whether it be French or English, in its deeper emotions.</p>
+
+<p>CLIVE HOLLAND.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_178' id="Page_178">178</a></span>
+<h2><a name='Folk_Who_Do_Not_Understand_Them' id="Folk_Who_Do_Not_Understand_Them"></a><i>Folk Who Do Not Understand Them</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_179' id="Page_179">179</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-183.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>LES BEAUTES DE LA GUERRE<br />Folk who do not understand them.</p>
+</div>
+<p>How often have I been asked by sorrow-stricken mothers and wives: "Why
+does not Providence intervene either to stop this war, or at least to
+check its cruelties and horrors?" If for many amongst us not yet
+bereaved this European massacre is a puzzle, it should not cause us
+dismay or surprise, if the widow or son-bereaved mother lifts up her
+hands exclaiming: "Why did not God save him? Why did He let him be shot
+down by those Huns?"</p>
+
+<p>Truth to tell, God has, so to speak, tied up His own hands in setting
+ours free. When He placed the human race upon the surface of this planet
+He dowered them with freedom, giving to each man self-determining force,
+by the exercise of which he was to become better than a man or worse
+than a beast. Good and evil, like wheat and cockle, grow together, in
+the same field. The winnowing is at harvest-time, not before. Meanwhile,
+we ourselves have lived to see the fairest portions of this fair
+creation of God changed from a garden into a desert&mdash;pillaged, ravaged,
+and brought to utter ruin by shot and shell, sword and fire. When I have
+said this, I have but uttered a foreword to the hideous story, spoken
+the prologue only of the "frightful" tragedy. We are all familiar with
+at least some of the revolting facts and details with which the German
+soldiery has been found charged and convicted by Commissions appointed
+to investigate the crimes and atrocities adduced against them. The
+verdicts of French, Belgian, and English tribunals are unanimous. They
+all agree that Germany has been caught redhanded in her work of dyeing
+the map of Europe red with innocent blood.</p>
+
+<p>When you bend your eyes to the pathetic cartoon standing opposite this
+letterpress, is there not brought home to you in a way, touching even to
+tears, the "frightful" consequences of the misuse of human powers, more
+especially of the attribute of freedom? If Germany had chosen to use,
+instead of brute force, moral force, what a great, grand, and glorious
+mission might have been hers to-day. If, instead of trying the
+impossible task of dominating the whole world with her iron hand upon
+its throat and her iron heel upon its foot, she had been satisfied with
+the portion of the map already belonging to her, and had not by
+processes of bureaucratic tyranny driven away millions of her subjects
+who preferred liberty to slavery, America to Germany, by this date she
+might have consolidated an Empire second in the world to none but one.
+Alas! in her over-reaching arrogance she has, on the contrary, set out
+to de-Christianize, de-civilize, and even de-humanize the race for which
+Christ lived and died.</p>
+
+<p>Our high mission it is to try to save her from herself. Already I can
+read written in letters of blood carved into the gravestone of her
+corrupted greatness,</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+"Ill-weaved ambition,<br />
+How much art thou shrunk!"<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>BERNARD VAUGHAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_180' id="Page_180">180</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='On_the_Way_to_Calais' id="On_the_Way_to_Calais"></a><i>On the Way to Calais</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_181' id="Page_181">181</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-185.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE YSER. "We are on our way to Calais."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>They are coming, like a tempest, in their endless ranks of gray,<br />
+While the world throws up a cloud of dust upon their awful way;<br />
+They're the glorious cannon fodder of the mighty Fatherland,<br />
+Born to make the kingdoms tremble and the nations understand.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Tramp! Tramp! Tramp! the cannon fodder come</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Along their way to Calais, (God help the hearth and home)</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They'll do his will who taught them, on the earth and on the waves,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till land and sea are festering with their unnumbered graves.</span><br />
+<br />
+The garrison and barrack and the fortress give them vent;<br />
+They sweep, a herd of winter wolves, upon the flying scent;<br />
+For all their deeds of horror they are told that death atones,<br />
+And their master's harvest cannot spring till he has sowed their bones.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Into beasts of prey he's turned them; when they show their teeth and growl</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The lash is buried in their cheeks; they're slaughtered if they howl;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To their bloody Lord of Battles must they only bend the knee,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For hard as steel and fierce as hell should cannon fodder be.</span><br />
+<br />
+Scourge and curses are their portion, pain and hunger without end,<br />
+Till they hail the yell of shrapnel as the welcome of a friend;<br />
+They drink and burn and rape and laugh to hear the women cry,<br />
+And do the devil's work to-day, but on the morrow die.<br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Drift! Drift! Drift! the cannon fodder go</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Upon their way to Calais, (God feed the carrion crow.)</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They've done his will who taught them that the Germans shall be slaves,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till land and sea are festering with their unnumbered graves.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>EDEN PHILLPOTTS.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_182' id="Page_182">182</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Von_Bethmann-Hollweg_and_Truth' id="Von_Bethmann-Hollweg_and_Truth"></a><i>Von Bethmann-Hollweg and Truth</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_183' id="Page_183">183</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-187.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG AND TRUTH<br />"Truth is on the path and nothing will stay her."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>"<i>Incorrupta Fides, nudaque Veritas</i>"</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Horace</span></p>
+
+<p>"Good Faith unstained, and Truth all-unadorned"</p>
+
+<p><i>Nuda veritas</i>: it was Horace who in a famous Ode first presented the
+figure of Truth thus. And whom did he make her companions and sisters?
+They were three, and their names were "Modesty," "Fair Dealing," and
+"Good Faith." The four sisters do indeed go together in a quadruple
+alliance and <i>entente</i>, and when one is flouted or estranged, the others
+are alienated and become enemies too.</p>
+
+<p>The Germans were believed to be&mdash;some few still believe them to be&mdash;a
+"truth-loving nation." They had a passion, we were told, for truth, for
+accuracy, for scientific exactness. Theirs might be a blunt and brutal
+frankness, but they were at least downright and truthful.</p>
+
+<p>Well, they first flouted Modesty&mdash;they bragged and blustered, bluffed
+and "bounded." They could not keep it up. They had to act. Fair Dealing
+went by the board. Then Good Faith became impossible, for, as this very
+von Bethmann-Hollweg declared, "Necessity knew no law." Now they have
+forsaken Truth. They must deceive their own people. The "lie" has
+entered into their soul. Never was so systematic a use made of
+falsehoods small and great.</p>
+
+<p>But Truth expelled is not powerless. Naked, she is still not weaponless.
+She has her little "periscope," her magic mirror, which shows the liar
+himself, as well as the world, what he is like. And she has another
+weapon, as those who know their "Paradise Lost" will remember:</p>
+
+<p>
+"Bright Ithuriel's lance<br />
+Truth kindling truth where'er it glance"<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>It is not shown here, for it is invisible, but none the less potent.
+With it Truth can indeed "shame the devil." She not only shows what the
+liar is like outside, but reveals his inner hideousness, and actual
+shape, for all to see.</p>
+
+<p>There are many sayings about Truth, and they are all awkward for the
+liar. "Truth will out," said a witty English judge, "even in an
+affidavit." It will out, even in a German Chancellor's <i>d&eacute;menti</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The most famous is</p>
+
+<p>
+"<i>Magna est veritas et pr&aelig;valet</i>"<br />
+<br />
+"Great is Truth and she prevails," in the end<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Yes, "She is on the path, and nothing will stop her." She started on the
+hills of the little but free republic of Switzerland; she is slowly
+traversing the plains of the vast free republic of America. Her last
+contest will be over the Germans themselves.</p>
+
+<p>HERBERT WARREN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_184' id="Page_184">184</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Van_Tromp_and_De_Ruyter' id="Van_Tromp_and_De_Ruyter"></a><i>Van Tromp and De Ruyter</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_185' id="Page_185">185</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-189.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>VAN TROMP AND DE RUYTER<br />"So long as you permit Zeppelins to cross our land you surely should cease to boast of our deeds."<br />Whenever a Dutchman wishes to speak of the great past of his country he calls to mind the names of these heroes.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>A generation ago a little clique of wise men at Oxford patted themselves
+on the back for having discovered "The Historical Method." But the
+common people of all countries have always known it. The names of the
+great dead are not forgotten, nor yet the great things for which they
+stood. There may be no strict liturgy for the ancestor worship of the
+West, but that worship is a simple fact, and it is a thing that timorous
+politicians would do well to remember. Here Raemaekers appeals to his
+countrymen to regard their past, to be worthy of the great seamen who
+took the Dutch fleet up the Medway, and lashed brooms to the mast-head
+of the ships that swept the sea clear of British enemies.</p>
+
+<p>The Dutch were fighting for their liberty then. Great Britain is
+fighting for liberty in Europe to-day&mdash;and for Dutch liberty to boot.
+The enemy of all liberty uses Holland as a short cut whereby her pirates
+of the air can get more quickly to their murder work in England. Would
+the hero ancestors, of whom the Dutch so boast, have tolerated this
+indignity? The artist seer supplies the answer.</p>
+
+<p>Note the mixture of the ghostly and the real in this vivid and vivacious
+drawing. But if it is easy to see through the faint outlines of the
+sailor spirits, it is easier for these gallant ghosts to see through the
+unrealities of their descendants' fears and hesitations. The anger of
+the heroes is plainly too great for words. How compressed the lips! How
+tense the attitude! The hands gripped in the angriest sort of
+impatience! Mark the subtle mingling of seaman and burgher in the poise
+and figures. Mark particularly Van Tromp's stiffened forefinger on his
+staff.</p>
+
+<p>Is the fate of L19 the fruit of our artist's stinging reminder that
+Holland once had nobler spirits and braver days?</p>
+
+<p>ARTHUR POLLEN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_186' id="Page_186">186</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='War_and_Christ' id="War_and_Christ"></a><i>War and Christ</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_187' id="Page_187">187</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-191.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>WAR AND CHRIST</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The deliberate war made by Prussia in all those areas which she can
+reach or occupy against the symbols and sacred objects of the Christian
+faith is a phenomenon in every way worthy of consideration. It is
+clearly not a matter of accident. The bombardment at Rheims Cathedral,
+for example, can be proved to have been deliberate. It had no military
+object; and the subsequent attempts to manufacture a military reason for
+it only produced a version of the occurrence not only incredible but in
+flat contradiction to the original admissions of the Germans themselves.
+But such episodes as those of Rheims and Louvain merely attract the
+attention of the world because of the celebrity of the outraged shrines.
+All who are familiar with the facts know that deliberate sacrilege no
+less than deliberate rape and deliberate murder has everywhere marked
+the track of the German army.</p>
+
+<p>The offence has been malignant. That does not, of course, mean that it
+has been irrational; quite the contrary. One fully admits that Prussia,
+being what she is, has every cause to hate the Cross, and every motive
+to vent the agonized fury of a lost soul upon things sacred to the God
+she hates.</p>
+
+<p>The moral suggested by this cartoon of Raemaekers' must not be confused
+with the ridiculous and unhistoric pretence that war itself is
+essentially unchristian. When Mr. Bernard Shaw, if I remember right,
+drew from the affair of Rheims the astonishing moral that we cannot have
+at the same time "glorious wars and glorious cathedrals," he might
+surely have remembered that the age in which Rheims Cathedral was built,
+whatever else it was, was not an age of Pacifism. The insult to Jesus
+Christ is not in the sword (which in His own words He came to bring),
+but in the profanation of the sword. It is in cruelty, injustice,
+treachery, unbridled lust, the worship of unrighteous strength&mdash;in fact,
+in all that can be summed up in the single word "Prussia."</p>
+
+<p>CECIL CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_188' id="Page_188">188</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Barbed_Wire' id="Barbed_Wire"></a><i>Barbed Wire</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_189' id="Page_189">189</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-193.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>BARBED WIRE</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Save for the spiked helmets, the gruesome figures in the foreground of
+this cartoon might have belonged in life to any one of the warring
+nationalities. It is a noteworthy fact, however, that not one of the
+nations at war has shown so little care for its dead as Germany, whose
+corpses lie and rot on every front on which they are engaged.</p>
+
+<p>The world cannot blame Germany for the introduction of barbed wire as an
+accessory of war, though it is well known that German wire surpasses any
+other in sheer devilish ingenuity; not that it is more effective as an
+entanglement, but its barbs are longer, and are set more closely
+together, than in the wire used by other nationalities; it is, in short,
+more frightful, and thus is in keeping with the rest of the accessories
+of the German war machine.</p>
+
+<p>But this in the cartoon is normal barbed wire, with its normal burden.
+One may question whether the All-Highest War Lord, who in the course of
+his many inspections of the various fronts must have seen sights like
+this, is ever troubled by the thought that these, his men, lie and hang
+thus for his pleasure, that their ghastly fate is a part of his glorious
+plan. He set out to remake the world, and here is one of the many
+results&mdash;broken corpses in the waste.</p>
+
+<p>Part of the plan, broken corpses in the waste. By the waste and the
+corpses that he made shall men remember the author and framer of this
+greatest war.</p>
+
+<p>E. CHARLES VIVIAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_190' id="Page_190">190</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Higher_Politics' id="The_Higher_Politics"></a><i>The Higher Politics</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_191' id="Page_191">191</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-195.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE HIGHER POLITICS<br /><span class="smcap">The Kaiser</span> "We will propose peace terms; if they accept them, we are the gainers, if they refuse them, the responsibility will rest with them."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There is a significance in this cartoon which I believe will appeal much
+more strongly to the firing line than to Home. The Front distrusts
+politics, and especially the higher politics. That means the juggling
+and wire-pulling of the Chancelleries, and the Front has an uneasy
+conviction that at the subtleties and craftiness and cunning of the
+diplomatic game we cannot compete with "The Bosche." Hard knocks and
+straight fighting the Front does understand, and at that game are
+cheerfully confident of winning in the long run.</p>
+
+<p>It would be bitter news to the fighting men that any peace had been
+patched up on any terms but those the Allies soon or late will be in a
+position to dictate, to lay down and say flatly, "Take them and have
+Peace; or leave them and go on getting licked." The Front doesn't like
+War. No man who has endured the horrors and savagery and "blood, mud,
+and misery" of civilized warfare could pretend to like it. No man who
+has endured the long-drawn misery of manning the waterlogged trenches
+for days and weeks and months can look forward with anything but
+apprehension to another winter of war. No man who has attacked across
+the inferno of the shell-and-bullet-swept "neutral ground," or has hung
+on with tight-clenched teeth to the battered ruins of the forward fire
+trench under a murderous rain of machine-gun and rifle bullets, a
+howling tempest of shells, an earth-shaking tornado of high explosives,
+can but long for the day when Peace will be declared and these horrors
+will be no more than a past nightmare.</p>
+
+<p>But the Front will "stick it" for another winter or several winters,
+will go through many bitter attacks and counter-attacks to win the
+complete victory that will ensure, and alone will ensure, lasting peace.
+We know our limitations and our weaknesses. We admit that, as the
+American journalist bluntly put it, we are "poor starters," but we know
+just as surely he was right in completing the phrase, "but darn good
+finishers." Let the "higher politicians" on our side stand down and
+leave the fighting men to finish the argument. Let them keep the ring
+clear, and let the Front fight it out. The Front doesn't mind "taking
+the responsibility," and it will give "Kaiser Bill" and "Little Willie"
+all the responsibilities they can handle before the Great Game is over.</p>
+
+<p>BOYD CABLE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_192' id="Page_192">192</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Loan_Game' id="The_Loan_Game"></a><i>The Loan Game</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_193' id="Page_193">193</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-197.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>WE DON'T UNDERSTAND THIS LOAN GAME<br />In Germany there is a game by which children passing a coin from one to another are supposed to but do not get richer.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Raemaekers is pitiless, but never oversteps the truth. National Debts
+are ever national millstones, worn around the neck. They are worn
+unwillingly, and they are not ornamental; they are a burden, and the
+weight is sometimes crushing. A prospect of that sort seems to be the
+lot of several of the "Great Powers" of Europe for the remainder, and
+the greater portion, of the Twentieth Century. Though German
+"civilization" were more worthy of such a term and its associations as
+Kultur ten times over, would it become any Potentate and his advisers to
+impose it on so many countries at such a cost in suffering as all
+this&mdash;and more?</p>
+
+<p>But Kaiser Wilhelm and his crew of State-at-any-price men impose not on
+other peoples only: they impose on their own kith and kin. Look at these
+three sad and apprehensive figures playing the Loan Game&mdash;the first, the
+second, the third Loan! Children, says the artist, passing the coin from
+one hand to another's, and getting richer at each pass!! Yes, children,
+the German people treated so by a few dominies. State dominies and the
+Director (or dupe!) at Berlin! No people gains, every people loses by
+incurring a Debt; but in Germany, and to-day! to incur an indebtedness,
+contract a loss, does not suffice; the people must not know it.</p>
+
+<p>Even the children know that coin has not left them richer: many, very
+many Germans know the Kultur War to be ruinous: but Berlin must play the
+Game still, and assume that the tricks and aims cannot be understood! It
+is lack of regard for other nations carried into German Finance; and all
+because the bureaucratic military heart is a stone. The piling up of
+State paper goes on, but not merrily, as Michael goes from Darlehnkasse
+to Reichsbank, one, two, three (and is about to go the fourth time!).
+This game of processions to the Kasse does not increase the available
+wealth within beleaguered Germany: and the 100-mark Note has no
+reference to material wealth securing it.</p>
+
+<p>Now, the Commercial magnates of Germany realize the crushing fact&mdash;No
+indemnity possible!! and what of the Notes which are held? When shades
+of night fall heavily, and the Loan Game can be played no more, will the
+German people, tricked and impoverished, go to bed supperless and
+silent? German finance IS "a scrap of paper."</p>
+
+<p>W. M. J. WILLIAMS.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_194' id="Page_194">194</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='A_War_of_Rapine' id="A_War_of_Rapine"></a><i>A War of Rapine</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_195' id="Page_195">195</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-199.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>LUTHER-LIEBKNECHT IN THE REICHSTAG<br />"It is a war of rapine! On that I take my stand. I cannot do otherwise." Liebknecht was the one member who protested against the war.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>True, O Liebknecht, it is indeed a war of rapine, engendered, planned,
+and brought about by the nation to which you belong. Yet, foul as is
+that nation, its foulness is not greater than your futility, by which
+you show up the strength of that which you oppose with as much effect as
+our own Snowden and Casement can claim for their efforts to arrest the
+work of the Allies.</p>
+
+<p>Men who claim British birth claim also the quality of loyalty, as a
+rule, and thus there can be little sympathy with such a one as this
+Liebknecht, whom Raemaekers shows as a little ascetic in the presence of
+the sombre War Lord. It is part of the plan of Nature that every country
+shall breed men like this: men who are constitutionally opposed to the
+current of affairs, ridiculously futile, blatantly noisy, the type of
+which extreme Socialists and Syndicalists are made. Possessed of a
+certain obstinacy which is almost akin to courage, they accomplish
+nothing, save to remain in the public eye.</p>
+
+<p>Such is Liebknecht, apostle of a creed that would save the world by the
+gospel of mediocrity, were human nature other than it is. But, in
+considering this Liebknecht, let us not forget that he has no more love
+for England, or for any of the Allies, than the giant whom he attempts
+so vainly to oppose: he is an apostle, not of peace, but of mere
+obstruction, perhaps well-meaning in his way, but as futile as the Crown
+Prince, and as ludicrous.</p>
+
+<p>E. CHARLES VIVIAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_196' id="Page_196">196</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Dutch_Junkers' id="The_Dutch_Junkers"></a><i>The Dutch Junkers</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_197' id="Page_197">197</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-201.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE DUTCH JUNKERS<br />"At least we shall get posts as gamekeepers when Germany takes us after the war."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Some of these drawings remind us that the great cartoonist's message was
+primarily delivered to his own countrymen. They explain why he was
+accused, but not convicted, of endangering the neutrality of the
+Netherlands. He presents the German monster as a menace to all freedom,
+and not least to the freedom of the Dutch people. Germany's allies have
+sold theirs; they are harnessed to the Prussian war chariot, and must
+drag it whither the driver bids them, whip in hand. The nations in arms
+against Germany are fighting for their own and each other's freedom; and
+the neutrals stand looking anxiously on. Raemaekers warns them that
+their freedom too is at stake. He sees that it will disappear if the
+Allies fail in the struggle, and he shows his countrymen what they may
+expect.</p>
+
+<p>In every country there are some ignoble souls who would rather embrace
+servitude than fight for freedom. They have a conscientious objection
+to&mdash;danger. How far the Dutch Junkers deserve Raemaekers' satire it is
+not for foreigners to judge. But we know the type he depicts&mdash;the
+sporting "nuts," with their careful get-up, effeminate paraphernalia,
+and vacuous countenances. So long as they can wear a sporting costume
+and carry a gun they are prepared to take a menial place under a
+Prussian over-lord and submit with a feeble fatalism to the loss of
+national independence. It is light satire in keeping with the subject,
+and it provides a relief to the sombre tragedy which is the artist's
+prevailing mood.</p>
+
+<p>A. SHADWELL.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_198' id="Page_198">198</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_War_Makers' id="The_War_Makers"></a><i>The War Makers</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_199' id="Page_199">199</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-203.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>VOX POPULI SUPREMA LEX<br />The Kaiser: "Don't bother about your people, Tino. People only have to applaud what we say."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><i>Who are the Makers of Wars?</i><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The Kings of the Earth.</span><br />
+<br />
+<i>And who are these Kings of the Earth?</i><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Only men&mdash;not always even men of worth,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But claiming rule by right of birth.</span><br />
+<br />
+<i>And Wisdom?&mdash;does that come by birth?</i><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Nay then&mdash;too often the reverse.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Wise father oft has son perverse,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Solomon's son was Israel's curse.</span><br />
+<br />
+<i>Why suffer things to reason so averse?</i><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">It always has been so,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And only now does knowledge grow</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To that high point where all men know&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Who would be free must strike the blow.</span><br />
+<br />
+<i>And how long will man suffer so?</i><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Until his soul of Freedom sings,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And, strengthened by his sufferings,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He breaks the worn-out leading-strings,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And calls to stricter reckonings</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Those costliest things&mdash;unworthy Kings.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Here you have them!&mdash;Pilloried for all time!</p>
+
+<p>And what a crew! These pitiful self-seekers and their dupes!</p>
+
+<p>Not the least amazing phenomenon of these most amazing times is the fact
+that millions of men should consent to be hurled to certain death, and
+to permit the ruin of their countries, to satisfy the insensate
+ambitions of rulers, who, when all is said and done, are but men, and in
+some cases even of alien birth and personally not specially beloved by
+them.</p>
+
+<p>Surely one outcome of this world-war will be the birth of a new
+determination in every nation that its own voice and its own will shall
+control its own destinies&mdash;that no one man or self-appointed clique
+shall swing it to ruin for his or their own selfish purposes. Who pays
+the piper must in future call the tune.</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+"The world has suffered much too long.<br />
+O wonder of the ages&mdash;<br />
+O marvel of all time&mdash;<br />
+This wonderful great patience of the peoples!<br />
+How long, O Lord, how long?"<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The answer cannot come too soon for the good of the world.</p>
+
+<p>JOHN OXENHAM.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_200' id="Page_200">200</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Christmas_of_Kultur_AD_1915' id="The_Christmas_of_Kultur_AD_1915"></a><i>The Christmas of Kultur, A.D. 1915</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_201' id="Page_201">201</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-205.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>CHRISTMAS EVE <span class="smcap">Joseph</span>: "The Holy War is at the door!"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Mary, worn with grief and fear, covers her emaciated face with scarred
+hands, as she kneels in prayer before the infant Jesus. Joseph, grown
+old and feeble, nails up a barricade of planks to strengthen the door
+against the missiles of Kultur already bursting through it and
+threatening the sleeping child. So in that first Christmas, nineteen
+centuries ago, he saved Mary's child from the baby-massacre ordered by
+Herod to preserve his own throne.</p>
+
+<p>Kultur, the gathered wisdom of the ages, has brought us back to the same
+Holy War. What a Christmas! What a Festival of Peace and goodwill
+towards men!</p>
+
+<p>People ask: Why does God allow it? Is God dead? Foolish questions. When
+I was at school I had the good fortune to be under a great teacher whose
+name is honoured to-day. He used to tell us that the most terrible verse
+in the Bible was: "So He gave them up unto their own hearts' lust and
+they walked in their own counsels" (Ps. lxxxi, 13).</p>
+
+<p>Man has the knowledge of good and evil; he has eaten of the tree and
+insists on going his own way. He knows best. Is not this the age of
+science and Kultur? We must not cry out if the road we have chosen leads
+to disaster.</p>
+
+<p>Yet still the Child of Christmas lives and a divine light shines round
+His head. He sleeps.</p>
+
+<p>A. SHADWELL.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_202' id="Page_202">202</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Serbia202' id="Serbia202"></a><i>Serbia</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_203' id="Page_203">203</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-207.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>SERBIA</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Genius has set forth the most brutal characteristic of the Hun. In
+moments of triumph, invariably he is the bully, and, as invariably, he
+wallows in brutality&mdash;witness Belgium under his iron heel and, in this
+cartoon, stricken Serbia impotent to ward off the blow about to be dealt
+by a monstrous fist. That is the Teuton conception of War, Merry War
+(<i>Lustige Krieg</i>)! In the English prize-ring we have an axiom indelibly
+impressed upon novices&mdash;"Follow up one stout blow with
+another&mdash;<i>quick</i>!" That, also, is the consummate art of war. But when a
+man is knocked out we don't savage him as he lies senseless at our feet.
+The Hun does. His axiom is&mdash;"As you are strong, be merciless!"</p>
+
+<p>In the small pig-eyes, in the gross, sensual lips, the mandril-like jaw,
+the misshapen ear, I see not merely a lifelike portrait of a Hun but a
+composite photograph of all Huns, something which should hang in every
+house in the kingdom until the terms of such a peace have been imposed
+which will make the shambles in Belgium, Poland, and Serbia an eternal
+nightmare of the past, never to be repeated in the future. And over the
+an&aelig;mic hearts of the Trevelyans, the Ramsay MacDonalds, the Arthur
+Ponsonbys, who dare to prattle of a peace that shall not humiliate
+Germany, I would have this cartoon tattooed, not in indigo, but in
+vermilion.</p>
+
+<p>If Ulysses Grant exacted from the gallant Robert Lee "Unconditional
+Surrender," and if our generation approves&mdash;as it does&mdash;that grim
+ultimatum, what will be the verdict of posterity should we as a
+nation&mdash;we who have been spared the unspeakable horrors under which
+other less isolated countries have been "bled white"&mdash;descend to the
+infamy of a compromise between the Powers of Darkness and Light? The
+Huns respect Force, and nothing else. Mercy provokes contempt and
+laughter. I hold no brief for reprisals upon helpless women and
+children; I am not an advocate of what is called the "commercial
+extermination of Germany"; but it is my sincerest conviction that
+criminals must be punished. The Most Highest War Lord and his people,
+not excluding the little children who held high holiday when the
+<i>Lusitania</i> was torpedoed, are&mdash;<span class="smcap">criminals</span>.</p>
+
+<p>HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_204' id="Page_204">204</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Last_of_the_Race' id="The_Last_of_the_Race"></a><i>The Last of the Race</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_205' id="Page_205">205</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-209.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE LAST OF THE RACE<br /><span class="smcap">Von Tirpitz</span>: No, my dears, I'm not sending any more of you to those wicked English; the survivors shall go to the Zoo."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Raemaekers, the master of an infinite variety of moods and touch,
+reserves a special category of scorn for Von Tirpitz. Savage cruelty in
+war, the wanton destruction of life and property, the whole gospel of
+frightfulness&mdash;these things have been abandoned (so the historians tell
+us), not because savagery was bad morals but because it was the worst
+way of making war. It was wiser to take the enemy's property&mdash;and put it
+to your own use than to destroy it. If it was plundered it was wasted.
+It was wiser to spare men, women, and children, so that they should be
+better subjects if they remained conquered, less irreconcilable enemies,
+if they were restored to their old allegiance. Besides, murder, plunder,
+and rapine demoralized your men. They made them less efficient troops
+for fighting. Doubtless the argument is sound. But it would never have
+been accepted had not the horrors of savagery been utterly loathsome and
+repulsive to the nations that abandoned them.</p>
+
+<p>Conventions in the direction of humanity are not, then, <i>artificial</i>
+restrictions in the use of force. They are natural restrictions, because
+all Christian and civilized people would far rather observe them than
+not. Germany has revelled in abandoning every restraint. Raemaekers
+shows the cruelty, the wickedness of this in scores of his drawings.
+Here it is its folly that he emphasizes.</p>
+
+<p>The submarine is no longer a death-dealing terror. It has become a
+blubbering fish. And the author of its crimes is no diabolical triton,
+but a semi-imbecile old dotard, round whom his evil&mdash;but
+terrified&mdash;brood have clustered; they fawning on him in terror, he
+fondling them in shaky, decrepit fondness. Note the flaccid paunch, the
+withered top, and the foolish, hysterical face. How the full-dress
+cocked hat shames his nakedness!</p>
+
+<p>And this, remember, is the German High Admiral as history will know him,
+when the futility of his crimes is proved, their evil put out of memory,
+and only their foolishness remains!</p>
+
+<p>ARTHUR POLLEN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_206' id="Page_206">206</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Curriculum' id="The_Curriculum"></a><i>The Curriculum</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_207' id="Page_207">207</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-211.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE NEW SCHOOL CURRICULUM<br />William: "Write it down, schoolmaster&mdash;Monday shall be Copper Day, Tuesday, Potato Day, Wednesday, Leather Day; Thursday, Gold Day, Friday, Rubber Day; Saturday, No Dinner Day; and Sunday, Hate Day!"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The nations are being educated amain, let us hope. Germany has prided
+herself on her education, her learning, and on her Kultur. To-day she is
+beyond the calculation of all that foresight which has been her boast,
+and foible. Human nature, other than German, has not been on the
+national curriculum, and, as in other departments of study, what has not
+been reduced to rule and line is beyond the ken and apprehension. How
+stupendously wrong a Power which could count, and into a European War!
+on insurrection in India, the Cape, and other parts of the British
+Empire! and how na&iuml;vely did Herr von Bethmann-Hollweg disclose the
+<i>Zeitgeist</i> of German rulers when with passion he declared Britain to be
+going to war for "a scrap of paper!" A purpose to serve, a treaty
+becomes "a scrap"&mdash;in German courtly hands.</p>
+
+<p>The artist depicts a scene, with masterly pencil, where Von
+Bethmann-Hollweg himself is charged by the All-Highest to be
+schoolmaster. It is a grim department of the training. Think of the
+unseen as well as that shown. What you do see is the lordly, truculent
+Kaiser, raising that menacing finger again. In spacious chair, he sits
+defiant, aggressive, as a ferocious captain; and there opposite is the
+"great Chancellor," bent, submissive, apprehensive, tablet and pencil
+ready to take down the very word of Kaiserly wisdom and will. What is
+it? The day's fare for a week! reaching a climax of "No dinner" on
+Saturday, and "Hate" on Sunday! Educative! of course it will be.</p>
+
+<p>Some day, not so far, even the German people will not regard the orders
+of the Army and Navy Staff, the cruel mercies of the Junkers, as a
+revelation of Heaven's will. Three pounds of sugar for a family's
+monthly supply will educate, even when the gospel of force has been
+preached for fifty years to a docile people. Many of us are in "a strait
+betwixt two" as we see how thousands of inoffensive old men, women, and
+children are made to suffer, are placed by the All-Highest in this
+Copper and Hate School. It is not this, that, and the other that causes
+this, but the Director of the School, who does not, while the miserable
+scholars do, know what it is to endure "No dinner," not only on
+Saturdays, but many other days. And all to gratify the mad projectors
+imposing Kultur on an unwilling world!</p>
+
+<p>W. M. J. WILLIAMS.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_208' id="Page_208">208</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Dutch_Journalist_to_His_Belgian_Confrere' id="The_Dutch_Journalist_to_His_Belgian_Confrere"></a><i>The Dutch Journalist to His Belgian Confr&egrave;re</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_209' id="Page_209">209</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-213.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'><span class="smcap">The Dutch Journalist to His Belgian Confr&egrave;re</span>: "Eat and hold your tongue."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Whether the type here taken is a true criticism of a commercial attitude
+in a neutral State like Holland, it does not become us to discuss.
+Raemaekers is a Dutchman, and doubtless a patriotic Dutchman. And the
+patriot, and the patriot alone, has not only the right but the duty of
+criticising his own country.</p>
+
+<p>For us it is better to regard the figure as an international, and often
+anti-national, character who exists in all nations, and who, even in a
+belligerent country like our own, can often contrive to be neutral and
+worse than neutral. A prosperous bully with the white waistcoat and
+coarse, heavily cuffed hands, with which such prosperity very frequently
+clothes itself, is represented as thrusting food in the starved face of
+an evicted Belgian and saying: "Eat and hold your tongue."</p>
+
+<p>The situation is worthy of such record, if only because it emphasizes an
+element in the general German plot against the world which is often
+forgotten in phrases about fire and sword. The Prussianized person is
+not only a military tyrant; he is equally and more often a mercantile
+tyrant. And what is in this respect true of the German is as true or
+truer of the Pro-German.</p>
+
+<p>The cosmopolitan agent of Prussia is a commercial agent, and works by
+those modern methods of bribing and sacking, of boycott and blackmail,
+which are not only meaner, but often more cruel, than militarism. For
+any one who realizes the power of such international combinations, there
+is the more credit due to the artists and men of letters who, like
+Raemaekers himself, have decisively chosen their side while the issue
+was very doubtful. And among the Belgian confr&egrave;res there must certainly
+have been many who showed as much courage as any soldier, when they
+decided not to eat and be silent, but to starve and to speak.</p>
+
+<p>G. K. CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_210' id="Page_210">210</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='A_Bored_Critic' id="A_Bored_Critic"></a><i>A Bored Critic</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_211' id="Page_211">211</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-215.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"I say, do suggest something new. This is becoming too boring."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>From Homeric warfare to subterranean conflict of modern trenches is a
+far cry, and Ares, God of Battles, may well yawn at the entertainment
+with which the Demon of War is providing him. But the spectator of this
+grim "revue" lacks something of the patience of its creator, and our
+Mephistopheles, marking the god's protest, will doubtless hurry the
+scene and diversify it with new devilries to restore his interest.
+Indeed, that has happened since Raemaekers made his picture.</p>
+
+<p>The etiquette of butchery has become more complicated since Troy fell,
+yet it has been so far preserved till now that the fiend measures Ares
+with his eyes and speculates as to how far the martial god may be
+expected to tolerate his novel engines. Will asphyxiating gas, and
+destruction of non-combatants and neutrals on land and sea, trouble him?
+Or will he demand the rules of the game, and decline to applaud this
+satire on civilization, although mounted and produced regardless of cost
+and reckoning?</p>
+
+<p>As the devil's own entertainment consists in watching the effects of his
+masterpiece on this warlike spectator, so it may be that those who
+"staged" the greatest war in mankind's history derive some bitter
+instruction from its reception by mankind. They know now that it is
+condemned by every civilized nation on earth; and before these lines are
+published their uncivilized catspaws will have ample reason to condemn
+it also. Neutrals there must be, but impartials none.</p>
+
+<p>The sense and spirit of the thinking world now go so far with human
+reason that they demand a condition of freedom for all men and nations,
+be they weak or powerful. That ideal inspires the majority of human
+kind, and it follows that the evolution of morals sets strongly on the
+side of the Allies.</p>
+
+<p>"War," says Bernhardi, "gives a biologically just decision, since its
+decisions rest on the very nature of things." So be it.</p>
+
+<p>EDEN PHILLPOTTS.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_212' id="Page_212">212</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='THE_PEACE_WOMAN' id="THE_PEACE_WOMAN"></a>"<i>The Peace Woman</i>"</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_213' id="Page_213">213</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-217.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'><span class="smcap">The Peace Woman</span>: "We will march in white before our sons."<br /><span class="smcap">The Neutral Soldier</span>: "Madam, we would prefer the protection of an armour-plate."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In this humorous yet pathetic cartoon&mdash;humorous because of its truth to
+the type, and pathetic because of the futility of the effort
+depicted&mdash;with unfailing skill the artist shows the folly of the cry
+"Peace! Peace!" when there is none. In the forefront is a type of woman
+publicist who can never be happy unless the limelight secured by vocal
+effort and the advocacy of a "crazy" cause is focussed upon her. She
+calls "Peace!" that the world may hear, not attend. Behind her stands
+that other type of detached "peace woman," who has, judging from her
+placid yet grieved expression, apparently scarcely realized that the War
+is too serious and has its genesis in causes too deep-rooted to be
+quelled by her or her kind. One can imagine her saying: "A war! How
+terrible! It must be stopped."</p>
+
+<p>The soldier, who is wise enough to prefer armour-plate even to a shield
+provided by substantially built peace women clad in white, looks on
+amused. The thinking world as a whole so looks on at "Arks" launched by
+American millionaire motor manufacturers, and at Pacifist Conferences
+held whilst the decision as to whether civilization or savagery shall
+triumph, and might be greater than right, yet hangs in the balance.
+There must be no thought of peace otherwise than as the ultimate reward
+of gallant men fighting in a just cause, and until with it can come
+permanent security from the "Iron Fist" of Prussian Militarism and
+aggression, and the precepts of Bernhardi and his kind are shown to be
+false. Those who talk of peace in the midst of "frightfulness," of
+piracy, of reckless carnage and colossal sacrifices of human life which
+are the fruits of an attempt to save by military glory a crapulous
+dynasty, however good their intention, lack both mental and moral
+perspective.</p>
+
+<p>CLIVE HOLLAND.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_214' id="Page_214">214</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Self-satisfied_Burgher' id="The_Self-satisfied_Burgher"></a><i>The Self-satisfied Burgher</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_215' id="Page_215">215</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-219.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE SELF-SATISFIED BURGHER<br />"What does it matter if we're annexed afterwards, so long as we remain neutral now?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The artist has depicted the ordinary attitude of a self-satisfied
+burgher not only in Holland but in other countries also. "What does it
+matter if we are annexed afterwards, so long as we remain neutral now?"
+That is the sort of speech made by selfish merchants in some of the
+neutral countries, especially those of Scandinavian origin. It is really
+a variety of the old text: "Let us eat, drink, and be merry; for
+to-morrow we die." Why not, it is urged, make the best of present
+facilities? As long as we are left alone we can pursue our ordinary
+industrialism. We can heap up our percentages and profits. Our trade is
+in a fairly flourishing condition, and we are making money. No one knows
+what the future may bring; why, therefore, worry about it? Besides, if
+the worst comes to the worst and Germany annexes us, are we quite sure
+that we shall be in a much worse condition than we are now? It will be
+to the interest of Berlin that we should carry on our usual industrial
+occupations. Our present liberty will probably not be interfered with,
+and a change of masters does not always mean ruin.</p>
+
+<p>So argues the self-satisfied burgher. If life were no more than a mere
+matter of getting enough to eat and drink and of having a balance at the
+banker's, his view of the case might pass muster. But a national life
+depends on spiritual and ideal interests, just as a man's life
+"consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth."
+Freedom is the only principal of growth, and freedom is the one thing
+which German militarism desires to make impossible for all those whom
+she gathers into her fold. The loss of liberty means the ruin of all
+those ends for which a State exists. Even the material prosperity which
+the self-satisfied burgher desires will be definitely sacrificed by a
+submission to Teutonic autocracy.</p>
+
+<p>W. L. COURTNEY.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_216' id="Page_216">216</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Decadent' id="The_Decadent"></a><i>The Decadent</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_217' id="Page_217">217</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-221.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>SEPTEMBER, 1914, AND SEPTEMBER, 1915<br />1914 "Now the war begins as we like it."<br />1915 "But this is not as I wished it to continue."<br />(Published after the French success in Champagne)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>War is a fiery winnower of incapacities. Many reputations have gone to
+the scrap-heap since August, 1914. None more surely than that of the
+braggart Crown Prince. It is said that this terrible catastrophe was
+largely of his bringing about and his great desire and hope.</p>
+
+<p>Well&mdash;he has got his desire, and more than he expected.</p>
+
+<p>He was going to do mighty things&mdash;to smash through the frontier and lead
+the German hordes triumphantly through France. And what has he done?</p>
+
+<p>In the treacherous surprise of the moment he got across the frontier,
+and there the weighty French fist met the Imperial optic, and has since
+developed many stars in it. He has been held, wasting men, time,
+opportunity, and his own little apology for a soul. He has done nothing
+to justify his position or even his existence. He has wrecked his
+home-life by wanton indulgence. He has made himself notorious by his
+private lootings of the ch&acirc;teaux cursed with his presence.</p>
+
+<p>Even in 1870 the native cupidity of the far finer breed of conquerors
+could not resist the spoils of war, and, to their eternal disgrace,
+trainloads of loot were sent away to decorate German homes&mdash;as burglars'
+wives might wear the jewellery acquired by their adventurous menfolk in
+the course of their nefarious operations.</p>
+
+<p>But we never heard of "Unser Fritz," the then Crown Prince, ransacking
+the mansions he stayed in. He was a great man and a good&mdash;the very last
+German gentleman. And this decadent is his grandson!</p>
+
+<p>"Unser Fritz" was a very noble-looking man. His grandson&mdash;oh, well, look
+at him and judge for yourselves! Of a surety the sight is calculated to
+heighten one's amazement that any nation under the sun, or craving it,
+could find in such a personality, even as representative of a once great
+but now exploding idea, anything whatever even to put up with, much less
+to worship and die for.</p>
+
+<p>The race of Hohenzollern has wilted and ravelled out to this. The whole
+world, outside Prussia, devoutly hopes ere long to have seen the last of
+it.</p>
+
+<p>It has been at all times, with the single exception above noted, a
+hustling, grabbing, self-seeking race. May the eyes of Germany soon be
+opened! Then, surely, it will be thrust back into the obscurity whence
+heaven can only have permitted it to escape for the flagellation of a
+world which was losing its ideals and needed bracing back with a sharp,
+stern twist.</p>
+
+<p>JOHN OXENHAM.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_218' id="Page_218">218</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Liquid_Fire' id="Liquid_Fire"></a><i>Liquid Fire</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_219' id="Page_219">219</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-223.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>LIQUID FIRE</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>When one sits down to think, there are few things in connection with the
+devastating War now raging, wild-beast-like, almost throughout the
+length and breadth of Europe, so appalling as the application of science
+and man's genius to the work of decimating the human species.</p>
+
+<p>Early in the conflict, which is being fought for the basal principles of
+civilization and moral human conduct, one was made to realize that the
+Allied Powers were opposed to an enemy whose resources were only
+equalled by his utter negation of the rules of civilized warfare. Soon,
+to the horrors of machine-guns and of high-explosive shells of a calibre
+and intensity of destructive force never before known, were added the
+diabolical engines for pouring over the field of battle asphyxiating
+gases. We know the horrors of that mode of German "frightfulness," and
+some of us have seen its effects in the slowly dying victims in
+hospitals. But that was not enough. Yet other methods of "frightfulness"
+and savagery, which would have disgraced the most ruthless conquerors of
+old, were to be applied by the German Emperor in his blasphemous "Gott
+mit uns" campaign. And against the gallant sons of Belgium, France,
+England, and Russia in turn were poured out with bestial ingenuity the
+jets and curtains of "liquid fire" which seared the flesh and blinded
+the eyes. For this there will be a reckoning if God be still in heaven
+whilst the world trembles with the shock of conflict, and the souls of
+men are seared.</p>
+
+<p>Raemaekers in this cartoon shows not only the horror of such a method of
+warfare, but also, with unerring pencil, the unwavering spirit of the
+men who have to meet this "frightfulness." There is a land to be
+redeemed, and women and children to be avenged, and so the fighting men
+of the allied nations go gallantly on with their stern, amazed faces set
+towards victory.</p>
+
+<p>CLIVE HOLLAND.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_220' id="Page_220">220</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Nish_and_Paris' id="Nish_and_Paris"></a><i>Nish and Paris</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_221' id="Page_221">221</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-225.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE TRIALS OF A COURT PAINTER<br />"I commenced this as the entry into Paris, but I must finish it as the entry into Nish,"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Very happily and very graphically has Raemaekers here pointed the
+contrast between the Gargantuan hopes with which the Kaiser and his
+Junker army embarked on the War, and the exiguous and shadowy fruits of
+their boasted victories up to the present. They foretold a triumphal
+entry into the conquered capital of France within a month of the opening
+of hostilities. Yet the irony of Fate has, slowly but surely, cooled the
+early fever of anticipation. The only captured town where the
+All-Highest has found an opportunity of lifting his voice in exultant
+p&aelig;an is Nish, a secondary city of the small kingdom of Serbia. There,
+too, he perforce delayed his jubilation until the lapse of some eighteen
+months after the date provisionally and prematurely fixed in the first
+ebullition of overconfidence, for his triumphal procession through
+Paris.</p>
+
+<p>Nish is a town of little more than 20,000 inhabitants; about the size of
+Taunton or Hereford&mdash;smaller than Woking or Dartford. Working on a basis
+of comparative populations, the Emperor would have to repeat without
+more delay his bravery at Nish in 150 towns of the same size before he
+could convince his people that he is even now on the point of fulfilling
+his first rash promises to them of the rapid overthrow of his foes.
+Pursuing the same calculation, he is bound to multiply his present
+glories 350 times before he can count securely on spending a night as
+conquering hero in Buckingham Palace.</p>
+
+<p>Even the Kaiser must know in his heart that woefully, from his own and
+his people's point of view, did he overestimate his strength at the
+outset. For the time he contents himself with the backwater of Nish for
+the scene of his oratory of conquest. His vainglorious words may well
+prove in their environment the prelude of a compulsory confession of
+failure, which is likely to come at a far briefer interval than the
+eighteen months which separate the imaginary hope of Paris from the
+slender substance of Nish.</p>
+
+<p>SIDNEY LEE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_222' id="Page_222">222</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Gott_Strafe_England' id="Gott_Strafe_England"></a><i>Gott Strafe England!</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_223' id="Page_223">223</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-227.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND!<br />"Now she prevents my sending goods by the Holland route!"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In these sombre times one is grateful for a touch of humour, and it
+would perhaps be impossible to conceive in all created nature a
+spectacle so exquisitely ludicrous as the appearance of the Prussian in
+the guise of a Wronged Man. For, of course, it is the very foundation of
+the Prussian theory that there can be no such thing as a wronged man.
+Might is right. That which physical force has determined and shall
+determine is the only possible test of justice. That was the diabolic
+but at least coherent philosophy upon which the Kingdom of Prussia was
+originally based and upon which the German Empire created by Prussia
+always reposed.</p>
+
+<p>Nor was that philosophy&mdash;which among other things dictated this
+war&mdash;ever questioned, much less abandoned, by the Germans so long as it
+seemed probable to the world and certain to them that they were destined
+to win. Now that it has begun to penetrate even into their mind that
+they are probably going to lose, we find them suddenly blossoming out as
+pacifists and humanitarians.</p>
+
+<p>Especially are they indignant at the "cruelty" of the blockade. It is
+not necessary to examine seriously a contention so obviously absurd. Any
+one acquainted with the history of war knows the blockade of an enemy's
+ports is a thing as old as war itself. Every one acquainted with the
+records of the last half-century knows that Prussia owes half her
+prestige to the reduction of Paris in 1871&mdash;effected solely by the
+starvation of its civilian inhabitants.</p>
+
+<p>But the irony goes deeper than that. Look at the face of the Prussian in
+"Raemaekers' Cartoons" and you will understand why Germans in America,
+Holland, and other neutral countries are now talking pacifism and
+exuding humanitarian sentiment. You will understand why the German
+Chancellor says that in spite of the victorious march of Germany from
+victory to victory his tender heart cannot but plead for the dreadful
+sufferings of the unhappy, though criminal, Allies. Then you will laugh;
+which is good in days like these.</p>
+
+<p>CECIL CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_224' id="Page_224">224</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Pacificist_Kaiser' id="The_Pacificist_Kaiser"></a><i>The Pacificist Kaiser</i><br />(<i>The Confederates</i>)</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_225' id="Page_225">225</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-229.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE CONFEDERATES<br />"Did they believe that peace story in the Reichstag, Bethmann?"<br />"Yes, but the Allies didn't."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>From time to time of late the Kaiser has posed as the champion of peace.
+His official spokesman, Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg, has announced the
+Imperial readiness to stay the war&mdash;on his master's own terms, which he
+disdains to define precisely.</p>
+
+<p>The Emperor and his advisers are involved in a tangle of miscalculations
+which infest the conduct of the war alike in the field of battle and the
+council-chamber. But no wild imaginings could encourage a solid hope
+that the Chancellor's peaceful professions would be taken seriously by
+anybody save his own satellites. Loudly the compliant Minister vaunted
+in the Reichstag his country's military successes, but he could point to
+no signs either of any faltering in military preparations on the part of
+the Allies, or of their willingness to entertain humiliating conditions
+of peace.</p>
+
+<p>Even in Germany clear visions acknowledge that Time is fighting
+valiantly on the side of Germany's foes, and that peace can only come
+when the Central Powers beg for it on their knees.</p>
+
+<p>It is improbable that the Kaiser and his Chancellor now harbour many
+real illusions about the future, although they may well be anxious to
+disguise even to themselves the ultimate issues at stake in the war.
+Their home and foreign policy seems to be conceived in the desperate
+spirit of the gambler. They appear to be recklessly speculating on the
+chances of a pacificist r&ocirc;le conciliating the sympathy of neutrals. They
+count on the odds that they may convert the public opinion of
+non-combatant nations to the erroneous belief that Germany is the
+conqueror, and that further resistance to her is futile. But so far the
+game has miscarried. The recent German professions of zeal for peace
+fell in neutral countries on deaf or impatient ears. The braggart
+bulletins of the German Press Bureau have been valued at their true
+worth. Neutral critics have found in Bethmann-Hollweg's cry for peace
+mere wasted breath</p>
+
+<p>The Chancellor and his master are perilously near losing among neutrals
+the last shreds of reputation for political sagacity.</p>
+
+<p>SIDNEY LEE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_226' id="Page_226">226</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Dinant' id="Dinant"></a><i>Dinant</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_227' id="Page_227">227</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-231.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>DINANT&mdash;I SEE FATHER.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>During the joint expedition to Peking, all the other contingents were
+horrified at the cruelty of the German troops. I have heard how on one
+occasion a number of Chinese women were watching a German regiment at
+drill, when suddenly the commanding officer ordered his men to open fire
+upon them. When remonstrated with, he replied that terrorism was humane
+in the end, because it made the enemy desire peace. For some reason,
+these atrocities were not very widely known in England; and no one
+dreamed that such infernal crimes would ever be perpetrated in European
+war. But such are indeed the calculated methods of Germany; and her
+officers began to order them as soon as her troops crossed the Belgian
+frontier. The German military authorities advise that terrorism should
+be used sparingly when there is danger of reprisals. Accordingly, though
+many abominable things have been done to civilians in France and Russia,
+and to ourselves when opportunity offered, the worst atrocities were
+committed in Belgium, because Belgium is a small country, which had
+dispensed with universal military service in reliance on the
+international guarantee of her security. These events of the first month
+of the war are in danger of being forgotten, now that Germany is
+contending on equal terms against the great nations of Europe. But they
+must not be forgotten. We are fighting against a nation which thinks it
+good policy to massacre non-combatants, provided only that the sons and
+brothers of the victims are not in a position to retaliate.</p>
+
+<p>W. R. INGE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_228' id="Page_228">228</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Hesperia_Wounded_First' id="Hesperia_Wounded_First"></a>"<i>Hesperia</i>" (<i>Wounded First</i>)</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_229' id="Page_229">229</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-233.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>Another kind of heroism&mdash;the sinking of the Hospital Ship <i>Hesperia</i> (Wounded First)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Sailors of all nationality except German have from time immemorial
+looked upon themselves as the guardians and protectors of land folk at
+sea.</p>
+
+<p>That is why every sailor in the world, outside the doggeries of Hamburg,
+felt his calling spat upon and his personal pride injured by the sinking
+of the <i>Lusitania</i>&mdash;by a sailor.</p>
+
+<p>It seemed that nothing could be worse than that, and then came the
+sinking of the <i>Hesperia</i>, a ship filled with wounded soldiers and
+Hospital nurses.</p>
+
+<p>Raemaekers brings the fact home to us in this cartoon, not the fact of
+the English nurses' heroism, which goes without saying, but of German
+low-down common infamy. The fact has become so commonplace, so
+accustomed, so everyday that pictures of burning cathedrals, murdered
+children, and terrified women no longer move us as they did, but this
+artist, whose command of language seems as infinite and varied as the
+crimes of the criminals whom God sent him to scourge, has always some
+stroke in reserve, something to add to what he has said, if need be. In
+the case of this picture it is the medicine bottle, glass, and spoon
+flying off the shelf, flung to the floor by the bursting charge of
+Tri-nitro-toluine that adds the last touch as distinctive as the
+artist's signature.</p>
+
+<p>H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_230' id="Page_230">230</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Gallipoli' id="Gallipoli"></a><i>Gallipoli</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_231' id="Page_231">231</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-235.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>GALLIPOLI<br /><span class="smcap">Turkish General</span>: "What are you firing at? The British evacuated the place twenty-four hours ago!"<br />"Sorry, sir&mdash;but what a glorious victory!</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>It is a fine touch, or a fortunate accident, in this sketch of
+Raemaekers' that it depicts the officer who has made the mistake as
+exhibiting the spruceness of a Prussian, and the officer who has found
+out the mistake as having the comparatively battered look of an old
+Turk. The moustaches of the Young Turk are modelled on the Kaiser's,
+spikes pointing to heaven like spires; while those of his justly
+incensed superior officer hang loose like those of a human being. The
+difference is in any case symbolic; for the sort of instinctive and
+instantaneous self-laudation satirized in this cartoon is much more one
+of the vices of the new Germany than of the antiquated Islam. That
+spirit is not easy to define; and it is easy to confuse it with much
+more pardonable things. Every people can be jingo and vainglorious; it
+is the mark of this spirit that the instinct to be so acts before any
+other instinct can act, even those of surprise or anger. Every people
+emphasizes and exaggerates its victories more than its defeats. But this
+spirit emphasizes its defeats as victories. Every national calamity has
+its consolations; and a nation naturally turns to them as soon as it
+reasonably can. But it is the stamp of this spirit that it always thinks
+of the consolation <i>before</i> it even thinks of the calamity. It abounds
+throughout the whole press of the German Empire. But it is most shortly
+shown in this figure of the young officer, who makes a hero of himself
+before he has even fully realized that he has made a fool of himself.</p>
+
+<p>G. K. CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_232' id="Page_232">232</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Beginning_of_the_Expiation' id="The_Beginning_of_the_Expiation"></a><i>The Beginning of the Expiation</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_233' id="Page_233">233</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-237.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE BEGINNING OF THE EXPIATION</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>It is sometimes an unpleasant necessity to insult a man, in order to
+make him understand that he is being insulted. Indeed, most strenuous
+and successful appeals to an oppressed populace have involved something
+of this paradox. We talk of the demagogue flattering the mob; but the
+most successful demagogue generally abuses it. The men of the crowd rise
+in revolt, not when they are addressed as "Citizens!" but when they are
+addressed as "Slaves!"</p>
+
+<p>If this be true even of men daily disturbed by material discomfort and
+discontent, it is much truer of those cases, not uncommon in history, in
+which the slave has been soothed with all the external pomp and luxury
+of a lord. So prophets have denounced the wanton in a palace or the
+puppet on a throne; and so the Dutch caricaturist denounces the gilded
+captivity of the Austrian Monarchy, of which the golden trappings are
+golden chains.</p>
+
+<p>But for such a purpose a caricaturist is better than a prophet, and
+comic pictures better than poetical phrases. It is very vital and
+wholesome, even for his own sake, to insult the Austrian. He ought to be
+insulted because he is so much more respectable than the Prussian, who
+ought not to be insulted, but only kicked. If Austria feels no shame in
+letting the Holy Roman Empire become the petty province of an Unholy
+Barbarian Empire, if such high historic symbols no longer affect her, we
+can only tell her, in as ugly a picture as possible, that she is a
+lackey carrying luggage.</p>
+
+<p>G. K. CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_234' id="Page_234">234</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Shirkers' id="The_Shirkers"></a><i>The Shirkers</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_235' id="Page_235">235</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-239.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE SHIRKERS</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Current experience is proving that war is a grim condition of life, and
+that none can escape its effects. No religious or philosophic precept is
+potent enough in practical application to prevent its outbreak or to
+stay its course. The strong man of military age, who claims the right to
+pursue normal peaceful avocations when his country is at war, pleads
+guilty, however involuntarily, to aberrations of both mind and heart.</p>
+
+<p>There are few who do not conscientiously cherish repugnance for war, but
+practically none of those to whom so natural a sentiment makes most
+forcible appeal deem it a man's part to refuse a manifest personal call
+of natural duty. The conscientious objector to combatant service may in
+certain rare cases deserve considerate treatment, but very short shrift
+should await the able-bodied men who, from love of ease or fear of
+danger, simulate conscientious objection in order to evade a righteous
+obligation.</p>
+
+<p>Lack of imagination may be at times as responsible for the sin of the
+shirker as lack of courage. Patriotism is an instinct which works as
+sluggishly among the unimaginative as among the cowardly and the
+selfish. The only cure for the sluggish working of the patriotic
+instinct among the cowardly and the selfish is the sharp stimulus of
+condign punishment. But among the unimaginative it may be worth
+experimenting by way of preliminary with earnest and urgent appeals to
+example such as is offered not only by current experience, but also by
+literature and history. No shirkers would be left if every subject of
+the Crown were taught to apprehend the significance of Henley's
+interrogation:</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+What have I done for you,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">England, my England?</span><br />
+What is there I would not do,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">England, my own?</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>SIDNEY LEE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_236' id="Page_236">236</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='One_of_the_Kaisers_Many_Mistakes' id="One_of_the_Kaisers_Many_Mistakes"></a><i>One of the Kaiser's Many Mistakes</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_237' id="Page_237">237</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-241.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>BOTHA TO BRITAIN<br />"I have carried out everything in accordance with our compact at Vereeniging."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Louis Botha&mdash;we touch our hats to you!</p>
+
+<p>You are supremely and triumphantly one of the Kaiser's many mistakes.
+You have proved yourself once again a capable leader and a man among
+men. You have proved him once more incapable of apprehending the meaning
+of the word honour. You are an honourable man. Even as a foe you fought
+us fair and we honoured you. You have valiantly helped to dig the grave
+of his dishonour and have proved him a fool. We thank you! And we thank
+the memory of the clear-visioned men of those old days who, in spite of
+the clamour of the bats, persisted in tendering you and yours that right
+hand of friendship which you have so nobly justified.</p>
+
+<p>You fought us fair. You have uprisen from the ashes of the past like the
+Phoenix of old. You are Briton with the best.</p>
+
+<p>Fair fight breeds no ill-will. It is the man, and the nation, that
+fights foul and flings God and humanity overboard that lays up for
+itself stores of hatred and outcastry and scorn which the ages shall
+hardly efface.</p>
+
+<p>And Germany once was great, and might have been greater.</p>
+
+<p>Delenda est Germania!&mdash;so far as Germania represents the Devil and all
+his works.</p>
+
+<p>The following lines were written fourteen years ago when we welcomed the
+end of the Boer War. We are all grateful that the hope therein expressed
+has been so amply fulfilled. That it has been so is largely due to the
+wisdom and statesmanship of Louis Botha.</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+No matter now the rights and wrongs of it;<br />
+You fought us bravely and we fought you fair.<br />
+The fight is done. Grip hands! No malice bear!<br />
+We greet you, brothers, to the nobler strife<br />
+Of building up the newer, larger life!<br />
+<br />
+Join hands! Join hands! Ye nations of the stock!<br />
+And make henceforth a mighty Trust for Peace;&mdash;<br />
+A great enduring peace that shall withstand<br />
+The shocks of time and circumstance; and every land<br />
+Shall rise and bless you&mdash;and shall never cease<br />
+To bless you&mdash;for that glorious gift of Peace.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Germany, if she had so willed, could have come into that hoped-for Trust
+for Peace.</p>
+
+<p>But Germany would not. She put her own selfish interests before all else
+and so digs her own grave.</p>
+
+<p>JOHN OXENHAM.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_238' id="Page_238">238</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Belgium_in_Holland' id="Belgium_in_Holland"></a><i>Belgium in Holland</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_239' id="Page_239">239</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-243.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE PROMISE<br />"We shall never sheath the sword until Belgium recovers all, and more than all that she has sacrificed."&mdash;Mr. Asquith, 9th November, 1914.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In the present crisis of Belgian affairs there is much to remind the
+historical student of the events which led to the fall of Antwerp in
+1585, and the outrageous invasion of the Southern Netherlands by the
+army of Parma. Then, as now, Holland opened her arms to her wounded and
+captive sister. The best Flemish scholars and men of letters emigrated
+to the land where Cornheert and Spieghel welcomed them.</p>
+
+<p>Merchants and artisans flocked to a new sphere of energy in Amsterdam.
+Several of the professorial chairs in that city, and in the great
+universities of Leyden and Harderwijk, were filled by learned Flemings,
+and the arts, that had long been flourishing in Brussels, fled northward
+to escape from the desolating Spanish scourge. The grim pencil of
+Raemaekers becomes tender whenever he touches upon the relation of the
+tortured Belgium to her sister, Holland, his own beloved fatherland.</p>
+
+<p>We do not know yet, in this country, a tithe of the sacrifices which
+have been made in Holland to staunch the tears of Belgium. "Your
+sufferings are mine, and so are your fortunes," has been the motto of
+the loyal Dutch.</p>
+
+<p>EDMUND GOSSE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_240' id="Page_240">240</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Serbia240' id="Serbia240"></a><i>Serbia</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_241' id="Page_241">241</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-245.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>SERBIA<br />"Now we can make an end of him."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The fight of the one and the four might, in view of the difference in
+the size of the combatants, be called quite fairly "the fight of the one
+and the fifty-three." Each of the assailants has his own character.
+Germany is represented as a ferocious giant; Austria follows Prussia's
+lead, a little the worse for wear, with a bandaged head as the souvenir
+of his former campaign: he does his best to look and act like Germany.
+Bulgaria loses not a moment, but puts his rifle to his shoulder to shoot
+the small enemy: he acts in his own way, according to his own character:
+kill the enemy as quickly as possible and seize the spoil, that is his
+principle. Turkey is a rather broken-down and dilapidated figure, who is
+preparing to use his bayonet, but has not got it quite ready. Serbia,
+erect, with feet firmly planted, stands facing the chief enemy, a little
+David against this big Goliath and his henchman, Austria; and the other
+two, so recently deadly foes, now standing shoulder to shoulder, attack
+him while his attention is directed on Germany.</p>
+
+<p>The leader and "hero" of this assault is Prussia, big, brutal,
+remorseless. The Dutch artist always concentrates the spectator's
+attention on him. You can almost hear the roar coming out of his mouth:
+"Gott strafe Serbien." This is the figure, as Raemaekers paints him,
+that goes straight for his object, regardless of moral considerations.
+Serbia is in his way, and Serbia must be trampled in the mire. The
+artist's sympathy is wholly with Serbia, who is pictured as the man
+fighting against the brute, slight but active and noble in build, facing
+this burly foe.</p>
+
+<p>And poor old Turkey! Always a figure of comedy, never ready in time,
+always ineffective, never fully able to use the weapons of so-called
+"civilization." Let it always be remembered that in the Gallipoli
+peninsula, when the Turks at first were taking no prisoners, but killing
+the wounded after their own familiar fashion with mutilation, for the
+sake of such spoil as could be carried away, Enver Pasha issued an order
+that thirty piastres should be paid for every prisoner brought in alive,
+a noble and humane regulation. Let us hope that the reward was always
+paid, not stolen on the way, as has been so often the case in Turkey.</p>
+
+<p>WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_242' id="Page_242">242</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Jackals_in_the_Political_Field' id="Jackals_in_the_Political_Field"></a><i>Jackals in the Political Field</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_243' id="Page_243">243</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-247.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>JACKALS IN THE POLITICAL FIELD<br /><span class="smcap">Jackals</span> (<i>Flemish Pro-Germans</i>) "What he leaves of Belgium will be enough for us."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>When the tiger," says the naturalist, "has killed some large animal,
+such as a buffalo which he cannot consume at one time, the jackals
+collect round the carcase at a respectful distance and wait patiently
+until the tiger moves off. Then they rush from all directions, carousing
+upon the slaughtered buffalo, each anxious to eat as much as it can
+contain in the shortest time."</p>
+
+<p>The human jackal is one of the most squalid and sordid creatures and
+features of war. We saw him in Dublin the other day emerging from his
+slum den to loot Sackville Street. Every battlefield feeds its carrion
+beasts and birds.</p>
+
+<p>This picture of Belgium and its jackals is doubtless only too true. Mr.
+Raemakers and the Dutch have better means of knowing than we. The
+jackal, says the same naturalist, belongs to the <i>Canid&aelig;</i>, the "dog
+tribe." The scientific name of the true dog is <i>Canis familiaris,</i> "the
+household dog." The jackal is <i>Canis aureus</i>, the "gold dog." The
+epithet describes no doubt his colour. The human <i>Canis aureus</i> perhaps
+deserves his title on not less obvious grounds.</p>
+
+<p>"The continent of Europe," the naturalist goes on, "is free from the
+jackal." It was supposed till yesterday to be free from the lion and
+tiger.</p>
+
+<p>But in the prehistoric times of the cave man, geologists say, there was
+both in England and Europe the great "sabre-tooth" tiger. Kipling, who
+knows everything about beasts, knows him and puts him into his "Story of
+Ung": "The sabre-tooth tiger dragging a man to his lair."</p>
+
+<p>To-day the cave tiger has come back and with him the cave jackal. There
+is a terrible beauty about the tiger. The jackal is a mean and hideous
+brute. But both are out of date. Did not Monsieur Capus say the other
+day that Europe "cannot allow a return of the cave epoch?"</p>
+
+<p>HERBERT WARREN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_244' id="Page_244">244</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='A_Letter_from_the_German_Trenches' id="A_Letter_from_the_German_Trenches"></a><i>A Letter from the German Trenches</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_245' id="Page_245">245</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-249.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>A LETTER FROM THE GERMAN TRENCHES<br />"We have gained a good bit, our cemeteries now extend as far as the sea."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In this cartoon Raemaekers has contrived to indicate powerfully what is
+after all the dominant and peculiar note of the German people. No
+European nation has ever taken war&mdash;as people say so "seriously," that
+is, with so much concentration of attention and elaborate preparation,
+as has the German Empire. No people has ever had it so thoroughly
+drilled into its collective mind as have the German subjects of that
+Empire that war is not only, as all Christian people have always
+believed, an expedient lawful and necessary upon occasion, but a thing
+highly desirable in itself, nay, the principal function of a "superior"
+race and the main end of its being.</p>
+
+<p>And yet after all the actual German is never, like the Frenchman, a
+natural and instinctive warrior&mdash;any more than he is, like the
+Englishman, a natural and instinctive adventurer. The whole business of
+Prussian militarism, with the half-witted philosophy by which it is
+justified, has to be imposed upon him from without by his masters. He
+fights just as he works, just as he tortures, violates, and murders,
+because he is told to do so by persons in a superior position, holding
+themselves stiffly, dressed in uniform, and able to hit him in the face
+with a whip.</p>
+
+<p>Long before the war the absurd Koepenick incident gave us a glimpse of
+this astonishing docility on its farcical side. Its tragic side is well
+illustrated by the droves of helpless and inarticulate barbarians driven
+into the shambles daily (as at Verdun) for the sole purpose of covering
+up the blunders of their very "efficient" superiors. One could pity the
+wretches if there were not so considerable a leaven of wickedness in
+their stupidity.</p>
+
+<p>CECIL CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_246' id="Page_246">246</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='His_Masters_Voice' id="His_Masters_Voice"></a><i>His Master's Voice</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_247' id="Page_247">247</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-251.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>HIS MASTER'S VOICE<br />The <i>Vlaamsche Stem</i> (Flemish Voice), a Flemish paper, was bought by the Germans, whereupon the whole staff resigned, as it no longer represented its title.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The manipulation of the Press is one of the weapons which Bismarck
+taught German Imperialism to use. Like others it has been developed by
+his successors into an instrument which the master himself would hardly
+have recognized. It is one of the most potent means of that "peaceful
+penetration" of all other countries which was nothing but a preparation
+for war. And it has been used in the war with a purposefulness of aim
+and a versatility of method that betoken long and systematic study. It
+is a ubiquitous influence and the most subtle of all. Yet the Press is
+held in greater contempt by official and other ruling circles in Germany
+than in any other country. They despise the tool, while tacitly
+acknowledging its utility by unsparing use.</p>
+
+<p>This curious state of things is the fault of the Press. What has
+rendered it such a pliant tool in the hands of German Imperialism is
+either credulity or venality; and both are contemptible qualities.
+Credulity is probably the more prevalent, at least in this country,
+where shoals of newspapers, blinded by their own prejudices, were the
+dupes of German duplicity. But there has been venality, too, both crude
+and subtle. The case of the "Vlaamsche Sten," here satirized by
+Raemaekers, is exceptional. So crude and gross a method of influencing
+the Press as bribing the proprietor of a newspaper (probably with the
+aid of threats) to hand it over with its staff and goodwill could hardly
+be practised where any independence survived. It was not practised with
+success even in conquered Flanders, for the staff, to their eternal
+credit, refused to listen to the new master's voice. But there are
+journalists who, less intelligent than the terrier, faithfully accept
+the voice from the <i>Pickelhaube</i> and wag their little tails when they
+hear it. To them is offered the parable which shows their relation to
+their master.</p>
+
+<p>A. SHADWELL.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_248' id="Page_248">248</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Hun_Generosity' id="Hun_Generosity"></a><i>Hun Generosity</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_249' id="Page_249">249</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-253.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"HAVE ANOTHER PIECE?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The All-Highest, so we are told, loves a joke at another's expense, a
+trait in his character essentially barbaric. Raemaekers reproduces the
+twinkle in the Imperial eye as William of Potsdam offers to a quondam
+ally the foot which belongs to his senile and helpless brother of
+Hapsburg. The roar of anguish from the prostrate octogenarian provokes,
+as we see, not pity but a grim smile. Italy's monarch, we may imagine,
+is muttering to himself:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><i>Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes.</i></p>
+
+<p>The bribe, wrenched from another, was, of course, indignantly rejected,
+but one wonders what the secret feelings of the Hapsburgs may be toward
+the Hohenzollerns. We know that the Turk cherishes no love for the Hun
+who has beguiled him, but we cannot gauge as yet the real strength or
+weakness of the bond between the Huns on the one hand and the Austrians
+and Hungarians on the other. Raemaekers has portrayed Franz Josef flat
+on his back. In the language of the ring he is "down and out." Possibly
+it may have been so from the beginning. At any rate, in this country,
+there is an amiable disposition to regard Franz Josef as a victim rather
+than an accomplice, a weakling writhing beneath the jack-boot of
+Prussia, impotent to hold his own. It may not be so. Time alone will
+reveal the truth.</p>
+
+<p>But this much is reasonably certain. When peace is declared, the sincere
+friendship which once existed between ourselves and the Dual Monarchy
+may be re&euml;stablished, but many years must pass before we forgive or
+forget the Huns. They are boasting to-day that as a nation they are
+self-sufficing and self-supporting. Amen! Most of us desire nothing
+better than to leave them alone till they have mended their manners and
+purged themselves of a colossal and unendurable conceit. I cannot
+envisage Huns playing tennis at Wimbledon, or English girls studying
+music at Leipzig. The grass in the streets of Homburg will not, for many
+years, be trodden out by English feet; the harpies of hotel keepers
+throughout the Happy Fatherland will prey, it may be presumed, upon
+their fellow Huns. Then they will fall to "strafing" each other instead
+of England. And then, as now, their mouthings will provoke
+inextinguishable laughter.</p>
+
+<p>HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_250' id="Page_250">250</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Easter_1915' id="Easter_1915"></a><i>Easter, 1915</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_251' id="Page_251">251</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-255.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>EASTER, 1915<br />"And they bowed the knee before Him."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Ever since with the beginning of Christendom a new soul entered the body
+of exhausted Europe, it is true to say that we have not only had a
+certain idea but been haunted by it, as by a ghost. It is the idea
+crystallized in legends like those of St. Christopher and St. Martin.
+But it is equally apparent in the most modern ethics and eloquence, as,
+for instance, when a French atheist orator urged the reconsideration of
+a criminal case by pointing at the pictured Crucifixion which hangs in a
+French Law Court and saying: "Voil&agrave; la chose jug&eacute;e." It is the idea when
+that oppressing the lowest we may actually be oppressing the highest,
+and that not even impersonally, but personally. We may be, as it were,
+the victims of a divine masquerade; and discover that the greatest of
+kings can travel incognito.</p>
+
+<p>Such a picture, therefore, as the cartoonist has drawn here can be found
+in all ages of Christian history as a comment on contemporary
+oppression. But while the central figure remains always the same, the
+types of the tyrant and the mocker hold our temporary attention; for
+they are sketched from life and with a living exactitude. Upon one of
+them especially it would be easy to say a great deal: the grinning
+Prussian youth with the spectacles and the monkey face, who is using a
+Prussian helmet instead of the crown of thorns.</p>
+
+<p>Such a scientific gutter-snipe is the real and visible fruit of
+organized German education; he is a much truer type than any gory and
+hairy Hun. In the face of that young atheist there is everything that
+can come from the congestion of the pagan with the <i>parvenu</i>; all the
+knowingness that is the cessation of knowledge; and that something which
+always accompanies <i>real</i> atheism&mdash;arrested development.</p>
+
+<p>G. K. CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_252' id="Page_252">252</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Pan_Germanicus_as_Peace_Maker' id="Pan_Germanicus_as_Peace_Maker"></a><i>Pan Germanicus as Peace Maker</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_253' id="Page_253">253</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-257.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>PAN GERMANICUS AS PEACE MAKER<br /><span class="smcap">The Dove</span>: "They say they do not want peace, as they have time enough."<br /><span class="smcap">The Eagle</span>: "Alas! That is just what we haven't got."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Imagine the feelings of the hindlegs of a stage elephant on being told
+that the performance is to be a continuous one and you will have some
+inkling of the dismay of the Kaiser and his henchman, concealed in the
+plumage of the War Eagle and the Dove of Peace respectively. The one
+bird is as useless as the other in bringing the war to the end desired
+in Berlin. The stage eagle is daily losing its plumage, and is rapidly
+becoming but a moulty apology for the king of birds. As for the dove, it
+has been used so often, with constantly changing olive branch in its
+beak, that it now makes its appearance shamefacedly and absolutely
+without heart.</p>
+
+<p>Imperial eagle mask with half-mad military quasi-deity inside and dove
+of peace, on the German model, with calculating miscalculating
+statesman, you rang the curtain up, you cannot ring it down, either to
+the music of the Hymn of Hate or the Te Deum for peace&mdash;the eagle can no
+longer look boldly straight into the sun, looking for his place in it;
+the dove has taken permanent quarters in the German ark as it whirls
+round and round in the whirlpool of impotent effort, ever drawing nearer
+to the final crash. When the Dove of Peace does come, it will be a real
+bird of good omen, not a German reserve officer masquerading as one.</p>
+
+<p>ALFRED STEAD.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_254' id="Page_254">254</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Gott_Mit_Uns254' id="Gott_Mit_Uns254"></a><i>Gott Mit Uns</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_255' id="Page_255">255</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-259.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>IT'S FATTENING WORK</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This picture is a perfectly accurate symbolic study of the German
+Empire. Therefore, naturally, it is one of the most dreadful that were
+ever drawn. In all the gruesome "Dances of Death" in which the fifteenth
+century took so grim a pleasure, no artist ever conceived the horrible
+idea of a fat skeleton. But we have not only conceived the thought, we
+have seen the thing&mdash;"a terror in the sunshine." We know that chest,
+puffed up with a wind of pride, and that stomach heavy with slaughter
+and rich living; and above them the Death's Head. We have seen it. We
+have felt its foul breath. Its name is Prussia.</p>
+
+<p>Look at a portrait of Frederick the Great, the "onlie true begetter" of
+this abortion. It oddly suggests what Raemaekers has set down here: the
+face a skull, the staring eyes those of a lost soul. But the skeleton
+has grown fat since Frederick's day&mdash;fat on the blood and plunder of
+nations. Only there is no living flesh on its bones, nothing of humanity
+about it.</p>
+
+<p>"Can these dry bones live?" was the question asked of the prophet. It
+might have been asked of Frederick: "Can this nation live, created of
+your foul witchcraft, without honour, without charity, without human
+brotherhood or fellowship, without all that which is the flesh and blood
+of mankind?" The answer must have been that it could live, though with a
+life coming from below and essentially infernal. It could live&mdash;for a
+time. It could even have great power because its time was short.</p>
+
+<p>But now it has waxed fat&mdash;and kicked. And its end is near.</p>
+
+<p>CECIL CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_256' id="Page_256">256</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Our_Lady_of_Antwerp' id="Our_Lady_of_Antwerp"></a><i>Our Lady of Antwerp</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_257' id="Page_257">257</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-261.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>OUR LADY OF ANTWERP</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>"Here I and sorrows sit. This is my throne, bid Kings come worship it."
+Such seems to be an appropriate legend for Raemaekers' beautiful
+triptych which he has entitled "Our Lady of Antwerp." Full of compassion
+and sympathy for all the sufferings of her people, she sits with the
+Cathedral outlined behind her, her heart pierced with many agonies. On
+the left is one of the many widows who have lost their all in this war.
+On the right is a soldier stricken to death, who has done his utmost
+service for his country and brings the record of his gallantry to the
+feet of Our Lady of Antwerp.</p>
+
+<p>Antwerp, as we know, was at the height of its prosperity in the
+sixteenth century. We have been told that no fewer than five hundred
+ships used to enter her port in the course of a day, while more than two
+thousand could be seen lying in her harbour at one time. Her people
+numbered as many as one million, her fairs attracted merchants from all
+parts of Europe, and at least five hundred million guilders were put
+into circulation every year. We know what followed. Its very prosperity
+proved a bait to the conqueror. In 1576 the city was captured by the
+Spaniards, who pillaged it for three days. Nine years later the Duke of
+Parma conquered it, and about the time when Queen Elizabeth was
+resisting the might of Spain Antwerp's glory had departed and its trade
+was ruined. At the close of the Napoleonic wars the city was handed over
+to the Belgians.</p>
+
+<p>A place of many memories, whose geographical position was well
+calculated to arouse the cupidity of the Germans, was bound to be
+gallantly defended by the little nation to which it now belonged.
+Whether earlier help by the British might or might not have altered the
+course of history we cannot tell. Perhaps it was not soon enough
+realized how important it was to keep the Hun invader from the sacred
+soil. At all events we do not look back on the British Expedition in aid
+of Antwerp in 1914 with any satisfaction, because the assistance
+rendered was either not ample enough or else it was belated, or both. So
+that Our Lady of Antwerp has still to bewail the ruthless tyranny of
+Berlin, though perhaps she looks forward to the time when, once more in
+possession of her own cities, Belgium may enter upon a new course of
+prosperity. We are pledged to restore Belgium, doubly and trebly
+pledged, by the words of the Prime Minister, and justice will not be
+done until the great act of liberation is accomplished.</p>
+
+<p>W. L. COURTNEY.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_258' id="Page_258">258</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Deportation' id="Deportation"></a><i>Deportation</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_259' id="Page_259">259</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-263.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>HUSBANDS AND FATHERS<br />Belgian workmen were forcibly deported to Germany.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Nothing, when one analyzes it, could be imagined more thoroughly
+characteristic of Prussia than the particular stroke of policy by which
+a large proportion of the male population of Belgium&mdash;as also in a
+somewhat lesser degree of Northern France&mdash;was separated from its family
+ties and hurried away into exile in Germany, there to be compelled to
+work for the profit of enemies.</p>
+
+<p>It had all the marks of Prussianism.</p>
+
+<p>Firstly, it was a violation of the civilized and Christian tradition of
+European arms. By the rules of such warfare the non-combatant was
+spared, wherever possible; not only his life but his property and
+liberty were secure so long as he did not abuse his position.</p>
+
+<p>Secondly, it was an affront to decent human sentiment quite apart from
+technical rules; the man, guilty of no offence save that of belonging to
+a country which Prussia had invaded without justice and ravaged without
+mercy, was torn from his family, who were left to the mercy of their
+opponents. We all know what that mercy was like.</p>
+
+<p>Thirdly, it was an insult to the human soul, for the unfortunate victims
+were not only to be exiled from their country, but to be driven by force
+and terror to serve against it.</p>
+
+<p>Fourthly, and finally, like all the worst Prussian crimes, it was a
+stupid blunder. Prussia has paid already a very high price for any
+advantage she may have gained from the mutinous and unwilling labour of
+these men, and for the swelling of her official return for the
+edification of her own people and of neutrals by the inclusion of
+"prisoners of war" of this description. To-day, when she knows not where
+to turn for men, she is obliged to keep a huge garrison tied up in
+Belgium to guard her line of retreat. And when the retreat itself comes,
+the price will rise even higher, and the nemesis will be both just and
+terrible.</p>
+
+<p>CECIL CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_260' id="Page_260">260</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_German_Band' id="The_German_Band"></a><i>The German Band</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_261' id="Page_261">261</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-265.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>WAR LOAN MUSIC<br />"Was blazen die Trompeten Moneten heraus?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The German Band, as we know it in this country, has never been noted for
+harmonious music. Blatancy, stridency, false notes, and persistency
+after the coppers, have been its chief characteristics.</p>
+
+<p>And the same things prevail when it is at home.</p>
+
+<p>Never since the world began has there been such a campaign of barefaced
+humbug and lying as that organized by William, Hindenburg, Hollweg and
+Co. for the deceiving and fleecing of the much-tried countries
+temporarily under their sway.</p>
+
+<p>But the money had to be got in by hook or by crook, and by hook and by
+crook and in every nefarious way they have milked their unfortunate
+peoples dry.</p>
+
+<p>But there is another side to all this. In time, the veil of lies and
+false intelligence of victories in the North Sea, and at Verdun, and,
+indeed, wherever Germany has fought and failed, will be rent by the
+spear of Truth.</p>
+
+<p>Then will come the <i>d&eacute;b&acirc;cle</i>. And then, unless every scrap of grit and
+backbone has been Prussianized out of the Teuton, the revulsion of
+feeling will sweep the oppressors out of existence; and Germany,
+released from the strangle-hold, may rise once more to take the place
+among the civilized nations of the world which, by her foul doings of
+the last two years, she has deliberately forfeited.</p>
+
+<p>JOHN OXENHAM.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_262' id="Page_262">262</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Arcades_Ambo' id="Arcades_Ambo"></a><i>Arcades Ambo</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_263' id="Page_263">263</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-267.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>ARCADES AMBO<br /><span class="smcap"><br />The Professor</span>: "I have discovered a new mixture which will blind them in half an hour."<br /><span class="smcap">Satan</span>: "You are in very truth my master."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Looking at this cartoon one can understand why Raemaekers is not
+<i>persona grata</i> in the Happy Fatherland. With half a dozen touches he
+has changed Satan from the magnificent Prince of Evil whom Gustave Dor&eacute;
+portrayed into a&mdash;Hun. Henceforth we shall envisage Satan as a Hun,
+talking the obscene tongue&mdash;now almost the universal language in
+Hades&mdash;and hailed by right-thinking Huns as the All Highest War Lord.
+Willy senior must be jealous.</p>
+
+<p>With the learned Professor, the cartoonist not only produces a composite
+portrait of all the <i>Herren Professoren</i>, but also drives home the point
+of his amazing pencil into what is perhaps the most instructive lesson
+of this monstrous war&mdash;the perversion to evil uses of powers originally
+designed, nourished, and expanded to benefit mankind. When the <i>Furor
+Teutonicus</i> has finally expended itself, we do not envy the feelings of
+the illustrious chemists who perfected poison gas and liquid fire! Will
+they, when their hour comes, find it easy to obey the poet's injunction,
+and, wrapping the mantle of their past about them, "lie down to pleasant
+dreams?"</p>
+
+<p>We are assured that these professors have not exhausted their powers of
+frightfulness. It may be so. This is certain: Such frightfulness will
+ultimately exhaust them. With this reflection, we may leave them, grist
+to be ground by the mills of God.</p>
+
+<p>HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_264' id="Page_264">264</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Is_It_You_Mother' id="Is_It_You_Mother"></a>"<i>Is It You, Mother?</i>"</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_265' id="Page_265">265</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-269.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"IS IT YOU, MOTHER?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Since the opening of hostilities in the present war the Scottish
+regiments have given repeated proofs of a valour which adds new lustre
+to the great traditions of Scottish soldiership. Through all the early
+operations&mdash;on the retreat from Mons and at the battles of the Marne and
+the Aisne&mdash;the Royal Scots Guards, the Scots Greys, the Gordon, the
+Seaforth and the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, the King's Own
+Scottish Borderers gained many fresh laurels by their heroism and
+undaunted spirit. The London Scottish Territorials, too, have shown a
+prowess as signal as that of the Scots of the Regular Army; while the
+mettle of men of Scottish descent has made glorious contribution in
+France and elsewhere to the fine records of the Overseas armies.</p>
+
+<p>It is the inevitable corollary that death should levy a heavy toll on
+Scottish soldiers in the field. Thousands of kilted youth have suffered
+the fate which Raemaekers depicts in the accompanying cartoon. It is
+not, of course, only the young Scot whose thought turns in the moment of
+death to the hearth of his home with vivid memories of his mother. But
+the word "home" and all that the word connotes often makes a more urgent
+appeal to the Scot abroad than to the man of another nationality. There
+is significance in the fact that, far as the Scots are wont to wander
+over the world's surface, they should, under every sky and in every
+turning fortune, treasure as a national anthem the song which has the
+refrain:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+"For it's hame, an' it's hame, fain wad I be,<br />
+O! it's hame, hame, hame, to my ain countrie!"<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The German soldier in this war would seem to have lost well nigh all
+touch of humanity. Yet the draughtsman here suggests that even the
+German soldier on occasion yields to the pathos of the young Scot's
+death-cry for home and mother. There is grim irony in the dying man's
+blurred vision which mistakes the hand of his mortal foe for that of his
+mother.</p>
+
+<p>Of such trying scenes is the drama of war composed.</p>
+
+<p>SIDNEY LEE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_266' id="Page_266">266</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Fate_of_Flemish_Art_at_the_Hands_of_Kultur' id="The_Fate_of_Flemish_Art_at_the_Hands_of_Kultur"></a><i>The Fate of Flemish Art at the Hands of Kultur</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_267' id="Page_267">267</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-271.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE FATE OF FLEMISH ART AT THE HANDS OF KULTUR</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>It will not be possible to estimate the injury suffered by the monuments
+of art wherein Belgium was so rich till the war is ended and the ruins
+examined. Much of the irreparable loss we know, as in the cases of
+Louvain and Ypres. In general we may fairly conjecture that whatever is
+portable behind the German lines is stolen, or will be, and the rest
+destroyed. What is portable is stolen for its cash value, just as are
+money, furniture, clothes, and watches. So much of respect for works of
+art we may expect from the Prussians&mdash;the measure of respect for the
+cash shewn by the Prussian general at Termonde who robbed a helpless
+civilian of the 5,000 francs he had drawn to pay his workmen's wages,
+and then called earth and heaven to witness his exalted virtue in not
+also murdering his victim. But what cannot be carried&mdash;a cathedral, a
+monument, an ancient window&mdash;that is destroyed with an apish zest. Even
+a picture in time or place, inconvenient for removal, that also will be
+defiled, slashed to rags, burnt. And indeed why not? For the best use of
+a work of art as understood among the Prussian pundits is to make it the
+peg whereon to hang some ridiculous breach of statistics, some monstrous
+disquisition of bedevilled theory; and for such purposes a work no
+longer existing so as good as any&mdash;even better.</p>
+
+<p>And so the marvels of the centuries go up in dust and flames, and the
+memorials of Memling and Matsijs, Van Eyck, and Rubens are treated as
+the masters' own bodies would have been treated, had fate delayed their
+time till the coming of the Boche.</p>
+
+<p>ARTHUR MORRISON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_268' id="Page_268">268</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Graves_of_All_His_Hopes' id="The_Graves_of_All_His_Hopes"></a><i>The Graves of All His Hopes</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_269' id="Page_269">269</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-273.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE GRAVES OF ALL HIS HOPES</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>"Look at the map," says the German Chancellor. Look at the map, and mark
+with a cross every German disappointment and you will have a history of
+the war more illuminating than many books on the subject. The Marne,
+Ypres, South Africa, West Africa, Egypt, Bagdad, India, Tripoli, Verdun.
+Look at the map indeed. The map of the world that Germany set out to
+conquer. Consider the vapouring and vainglory that marked each of these
+"successes" in political or military trickery and the fact that of the
+military crosses each upbears above a mountain of losses the refrain of
+the old German song Verdorben&mdash;Gestorben&mdash;Ruined&mdash;Dead.</p>
+
+<p>It is a wonderful map to consider, this map of the world in 1916. A
+wonderful map to be studied by the mothers of the Fatherland who have
+suckled their children to manure the crops of the future, to feed the
+crematoriums and blast furnaces of Belgium, to fill the mad houses,
+blind asylums, and homes for incurables, when the frosts of Russia and
+the guns of the Allies have done with them.</p>
+
+<p>And every cross marks the grave of a hope.</p>
+
+<p class='center'>
+Paris<br />
+Regrets eternels.
+</p>
+
+<p>That wonderful inscription was the first to be cut. Galliene was the
+mason. Verdun was the last and will not be the least. But, whatever may
+come to be written on stone, on the heart of the mourner when he comes
+to die only one inscription will be found: "Calais." If he has a heart
+large enough to have even these six letters.</p>
+
+<p>H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_270' id="Page_270">270</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='My_Sixth_Son_Is_Now_Lying_Here_Where_Are_Yours' id="My_Sixth_Son_Is_Now_Lying_Here_Where_Are_Yours"></a>"<i>My Sixth Son Is Now Lying Here&mdash;Where Are Yours</i>?"</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_271' id="Page_271">271</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-275.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"MY SIXTH SON IS NOW LYING HERE&mdash;WHERE ARE YOURS?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There is a picture in Brussels that the Kaiser ought to study on one of
+his visits to the Belgian capital. It is Wertz's picture of Napoleon in
+Hades.</p>
+
+<p>Wertz was a madman, he knew something of the horrors of war, but he
+knew, also, something of the grandeur and nobility of Napoleon.</p>
+
+<p>Napoleon is surrounded by women holding up the mutilated remains of
+sons, lovers, and fathers, and still he remains Napoleon, the child of
+Destiny, the Inscrutable, the Calm, and, if one may say so, the
+Gentleman.</p>
+
+<p>Women knew, at least, that their dead had fallen before the armies or at
+the will of a great man in those Napoleonic days; there was something of
+Fate in the business.</p>
+
+<p>But to-day the widow or the mourning mother, whilst knowing that her son
+or her husband has fallen in defending Humanity from the Beast can find
+no quarter in their hearts for the form or the shape of manhood that
+stands, in the words of Swinburne:</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+"Curse consecrated, crowned with crime and flame!"<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>No taunt could be too bitter for their lips and none more bitter than
+the words of Raemaekers:</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+"My sons are lying here&mdash;where are yours?"<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_272' id="Page_272">272</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Bunkered' id="Bunkered"></a><i>Bunkered</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_273' id="Page_273">273</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-277.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>BUNKERED</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Crown Prince is in a very awkward predicament. He has driven his
+ball into a deep sand-pit from which a very clever professional golfer
+might perhaps extricate himself by a powerful stroke with a niblick. But
+young William is not a professional, and indeed knows nothing about the
+game. So he takes his driver and his other wooden clubs, and smashes
+them all, with much bad language, while he whacks at the ball, which
+only buries itself deeper in the sand. He is pondering what to do next.
+There is, however, only one thing to do. He must take up his ball and
+lose the hole. The real players on his side must be disgusted at being
+saddled with such a partner. But what is to be done when a fool is born
+a war-lord by right of primogeniture? In a few years, in the course of
+nature, this fortunate youth will be the Supreme War-Lord himself; it
+will be his business to "stand in shining armour" by some luckless ally
+who has been selected to pick a quarrel for Germany's benefit, and to
+shake a "mailed fist" in the face of a trembling world. That will be a
+spectacle for gods and men. But perhaps something will happen instead.</p>
+
+<p>W. R. INGE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_274' id="Page_274">274</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Gott_Strafe_Verdun' id="Gott_Strafe_Verdun"></a><i>Gott Strafe Verdun</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_275' id="Page_275">275</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-279.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>GOTT STRAFE VERDUN<br />"If only I knew whether it is less dangerous to advance or to retire."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>An impartial military verdict on the German strategy and tactics at
+Verdun has not yet been delivered. After the failure of the Allies to
+break through last year, the German higher command issued a paper, which
+has been printed in American newspapers, advocating "nibbling" tactics,
+instead of attempts to carry a strongly fortified line by a coup <i>de
+main</i>. The Germans have buoyed up their hopes by assuring each other
+that their troops have been making a slow but methodical progress toward
+the "fortress," according to program. But even if we grant that the
+disproportion in casualties is probably not so great as some of our
+critics have supposed, it is difficult to believe that the enemy was
+prepared for such resistance as he has met with. To all appearance, the
+Germans expected to break through in a few days, and hoped that this
+success would rehabilitate the credit of the paltry young prince whom we
+here see entangled in barbed wire, his uniform in rags, and despair
+depicted on his haggard face. Another confessed failure would finish the
+career of the Crown Prince; and yet there are limits to the endurance of
+any troops, and these limits have now been reached. There is nothing
+left to young William but useless imprecations. He swaggered into this
+war, for which he is partly responsible, expecting to win the reputation
+of a general; he will sneak out of it with the reputation of a burglar.</p>
+
+<p>W. R. INGE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_276' id="Page_276">276</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Last_Throw' id="The_Last_Throw"></a><i>The Last Throw</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_277' id="Page_277">277</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-281.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE LAST THROW</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The first throw, of course, was that great rush which was stayed at the
+Marne by the Genius of Joffre; then there was the throw of the great
+attack on Russia, that which laid waste Serbia, and that which would
+have thrust men down from the Alps on to the Italian plain. In each of
+these Raemaekers' symbolism is applicable, for in each case death threw
+higher than either Germany or Austria could afford.</p>
+
+<p>But in none is the symbolism so terribly fitting as in this case of
+Verdun, where the fighting men went forward in waves and died in
+waves&mdash;here death threw higher in every attack than Germany could throw,
+and to such heights was the slaughter pushed that it was, in truth, the
+last throw of which these war-makers were capable. It is significant,
+now that Germany can no longer afford such reckless sacrifices as were
+made before Verdun, that the German press contains allusions to heavy
+sacrifices on the part of the Allies, and tries to point to folly in
+allied policy. Surely, in the matter of sacrifice of life, no nation is
+so well qualified to speak from experience as Germany.</p>
+
+<p>There is clumsy anxiety expressed in every line of the figure that holds
+the dice box, and in every line of the figure in the background is
+nervous fear for the result of the throw&mdash;fear that is fully justified.
+But Death, master of the game, waits complacently to mark the score,
+knowing that these two gamblers are the losers&mdash;and that the loser pays.</p>
+
+<p>E. CHARLES VIVIAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_278' id="Page_278">278</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Zeppelin_Bag' id="The_Zeppelin_Bag"></a><i>The Zeppelin Bag</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_279' id="Page_279">279</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-283.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE ZEPPELIN BAG</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Here the artist has depicted the Kaiser in one of his favourite r&ocirc;les,
+that of a sportsman. In pre-war times it was one of "The All Highest's"
+chief ambitions to be taken for an English sportsman! We believe there
+were people in those now seemingly remote days who took him at his own
+valuation in this regard. Our picture papers were full of photographs of
+him shooting at this or that nobleman's estate, lunching after the
+morning's battue, in the act of shooting, inspecting the day's "bag,"
+etc.; and other pictures were reproduced from the German papers from
+time to time of a similar character showing him as a sportsman in his
+native land.</p>
+
+<p>There is still, thank God, something clean about British sport and
+sportsmen of which the Kaiser never caught the inwardness and spirit. It
+has come out on the battlefields to-day as it has on those of past
+generations. It has taught the British soldier to fight clean, and even
+chivalrously though the foe may be a past master in "knavish tricks,"
+and steeped in unspeakable methods of cruelty in warfare.</p>
+
+<p>How thin the veneer of a sportsmanship was upon the Kaiser, which is
+after all but symbolic of the higher and sterner virtues, all the world
+has had a chance of judging. And in this remarkable and arresting
+drawing the genius of the artist has taken and used a sporting incident
+with telling and even horrifying effect.</p>
+
+<p>In the old days it was pheasants, partridges, grouse, hares, rabbits,
+and other feathered game, with the nobler stags and boars that formed
+"the Butcher of Potsdam's 'bag.'" To-day he has his battues by proxy on
+sea, land, and from the air. Thousands of victims, as innocent as the
+feathered folk he slaughtered of yore; and women and little children
+form the chief items of the bag; and especially is this true of the
+"fruit of the Zeppelin raids."</p>
+
+<p>He counts the bag and rewards the slayers of the innocent as he
+doubtless did the beaters, huntsmen, and keepers of the estates over
+which he formerly shot. It has been his ambition to make Europe one vast
+Kaiserdom estate. But the sands are running out, and each "bag," whether
+by Zeppelin or submarine, serves but to stiffen the backs of the Allies
+and horrify neutral nations. Some day the accumulated horrors of the
+Kaiser's ideas of sportsmanship will have taught the latter the lesson
+that Kaiserdom with Europe as a Kaiser estate means the death of
+liberty, the extinction of the smaller nations, and the setting up of a
+despotism as cruel as that of Attila and his Huns&mdash;the self-accepted and
+preached examples of William II of Germany.</p>
+
+<p>CLIVE HOLLAND.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_280' id="Page_280">280</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Come_in_Michael_I_Have_Had_a_Long_Sleep' id="Come_in_Michael_I_Have_Had_a_Long_Sleep"></a>"<i>Come in, Michael, I Have Had a Long Sleep</i>"</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_281' id="Page_281">281</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-285.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"COME IN, MICHAEL, I THINK I'M AWAKE NOW."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Yes&mdash;a long and rejuvenating sleep! The expression upon John's face
+indicates an amazing determination and alertness. It is told of certain
+remarkable men&mdash;De Lesseps amongst the number&mdash;that they had the faculty
+of sleeping for several days and nights and then remaining wide awake
+and at full tension for an equally long period of time. We may
+confidently predict that John has this faculty. He is not likely to
+slumber again till his work is done, and done thoroughly. Michael's
+expression, I regret to note, is not quite so pleasing as John's. It
+gives "furiously to think," as our gallant and beautiful France puts it,
+that when Michael climbs through the window of the Happy Fatherland, he
+may, perchance, inspire terror in the heart of the Hun, who doubtless
+expects that his enemies, if they do invade the sacred soil, will
+display those Christian qualities of Mercy and Forbearance which have
+been so conspicuous, by their absence, in the treatment of unfortunate
+prisoners upon whom they inflicted the extreme rigour of "Kultur."</p>
+
+<p>Our cartoonist, it will be noticed, has placed sledge hammers in the
+hands of both John and Michael, rather primitive weapons, but most
+admirably adapted for "crushing." And nothing short of crushing will
+satisfy the Allies, despite the futile wiles and whines of Messrs.
+Trevelyan, Ponsonby, Morel, and Macdonald. Crushed they will and must be
+to fine powder. The hammer strokes are falling now with a persistence
+and force which, at long last, reverberates in the caf&eacute;s and beer
+gardens of Munich and Berlin. The Teuton tongue&mdash;a hideous concatenation
+of noise at its best&mdash;must be almost inarticulate to-day in its guttural
+chokings and splutterings. "Frightfulness" is coming home to roost.</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+With all our hearts we hold out the glad hand to Michael.<br />
+Come in, and stay in&mdash;bless you!<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_282' id="Page_282">282</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Five_on_a_Bench' id="Five_on_a_Bench"></a><i>Five on a Bench</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_283' id="Page_283">283</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-287.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>FIVE ON A BENCH<br />In a year and a half.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>All visions and poems of justice have been full of the refrain of
+<i>deposuit potentes de sede</i>; but the bracing reality of such a
+revolution is lost by certain effects of antiquity, by the mists which
+make the past somewhat monochrome, and by the exalted equality of death.
+To say that Belisarius became a beggar means little to us when it seems
+only the difference between a rich and a tattered toga. We do not
+picture Belisarius in a patched pair of trousers: but then we have no
+reason to be angry with Belisarius. But whenever real tyranny and honest
+wrath are reborn among men, there will always be an instant necessity to
+represent the great reversal in the graphic colours of contemporary
+fact. Raemaekers' cartoon, representing the tyrants of Europe reduced to
+that very hopeless modern beggary to which they have driven many
+thousands of very much better men, is perhaps of all his pictures the
+most grim, or what would be called vindictive. I think that such revenge
+is in truth merely realization. The victims of the war have to sit on
+such real benches in such real rags. And being one of the fiercest, it
+is also one of the most delicate of the Dutch artist's studies. Nothing
+could be truer than the insolent and swollen decay of the Jew Ferdinant;
+or the more effeminate collapse of the Kaiser, the very spike on whose
+helmet droops with sentiment.</p>
+
+<p>G. K. CHESTERTON.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_284' id="Page_284">284</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='What_About_Peace_Lads' id="What_About_Peace_Lads"></a><i>What About Peace, Lads?</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_285' id="Page_285">285</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-289.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>WHAT ABOUT PEACE, LADS?</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>War&mdash;so certain of their own prophets have said&mdash;is a "national industry
+of Germany." Here we see a German <i>chevalier d' industrie</i> attempting to
+escape with his swag. Never in modern times has a nation gone to war
+with a more cynical and shameless determination to make the campaign pay
+for itself by the plunder of private property. Quite recently an order
+was found on the body of a German, enjoining all officers to assist in
+the "patriotic duty" of "draining financially the occupied territories."
+We are dealing, not with an honourable and civilized nation, but with a
+band of murdering brigands. The keepers of the national conscience have
+devised a monstrous and barbarous code of ethics, in which "patriotism"
+is the sole duty, and the tribal god the only arbiter of right and
+wrong. As in Roman law, the property of an enemy is for a German <i>res
+nullius</i>&mdash;it has no owner. And now the prospect of any further loot on a
+large scale seems remote. The speculation has turned out badly, and the
+robber would be glad to cut his losses. The guardians of the law are at
+his heels, and do not mean to let him escape. But will they be able to
+make him disgorge? That will not be easy; and what atonement can be made
+for the innocent blood which drops from those pitiful spoils?</p>
+
+<p>W. R. INGE.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_286' id="Page_286">286</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Liberators' id="The_Liberators"></a><i>The Liberators</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_287' id="Page_287">287</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-291.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"Freedom of the land is ours&mdash;why should we not have freedom of the sea?"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This is one of those cartoons in which the neutral in Raemaekers speaks
+with peculiar force. Such a picture by a Britisher would reasonably be
+discounted as unduly prejudiced, for it is none too easy for us in our
+present stresses to see the other fellow's point of view&mdash;in this
+difficult business of the blockade for an instance.</p>
+
+<p>That friendly championing of the rights of neutrals suffering under the
+outrageous tyranny of the British Navy is a thing to which only the
+detached humour of a neutral can do justice. He can testify to the way
+in which the giant strength of that navy, whether in peace or war, has
+been used in the main not in the giants' tyrannous way; he can make
+allowance for the exigencies which have caused occasional arbitrariness
+under the stress of war or even in some untactful moment of peace; he
+can contrast the two main opposing navy's notions of justice, courtesy,
+seamanship&mdash;which is sportsmanship.</p>
+
+<p>He can recall that no single right whether of combatant or neutral, of
+state or individual, guaranteed by international law, which the Germans
+have found it convenient or "necessary" to violate has been left
+unviolated; that there is no single method or practice of war condemned
+by the common consent of civilization but has been employed by men who
+even have the candour to declare that they stand above laws and
+guarantees.</p>
+
+<p>And therefore he can make grim, effective fun of the sinister bandit
+with his foot planted on the shackled prisoner that lies between two
+murdered victims fatuously taking in vain the name of freedom.</p>
+
+<p>JOSEPH THORP.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_288' id="Page_288">288</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Tom_Thumb_and_the_Giant' id="Tom_Thumb_and_the_Giant"></a><i>Tom Thumb and the Giant</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_289' id="Page_289">289</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-293.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>TOM THUMB AND THE GIANT<br />"Come and save me. You know I am so fond of children."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The reference in this cartoon is to an incident which, at the time of
+its occurrence, is said to have caused considerable indignation in
+Germany. A Zeppelin, having been on a raiding expedition to England, was
+hit on the return journey, and dropped into the North Sea. The crew,
+clinging to the damaged airship, besought the captain of a British
+trawler to take them off, but the captain, seeing that the Zeppelin crew
+far outnumbered his own, declined to trust them, and left them to their
+fate. Whether the trawler's captain actually "put his thumb unto his
+nose and spread his fingers out" is a matter for conjecture, but under
+the circumstances it is scarcely likely.</p>
+
+<p>The whole point lies in the German view of the trawler's captain and his
+inhuman conduct. He knew, perfectly well, that if he rescued the crew of
+the Zeppelin, the probable reward for himself and crew would be a voyage
+to the nearest German port and interment in a prison camp for the
+remainder of the war&mdash;and plenty of reliable evidence is forthcoming as
+to the treatment meted out to men in German prison camps. He knew, also,
+that these men who besought his aid were returning from one of the
+expeditions which have killed more women and children in England than
+able-bodied men, that they had been sharing in work which could not be
+described as even of indirect military value, but was more of the nature
+of sheer murder. And Germany condemned his conduct by every adjective
+that implied brutality and barbarity.</p>
+
+<p>The unfortunate thing about the German viewpoint is that it takes into
+consideration only such points as favour Germany, a fact of which this
+incident affords striking evidence.</p>
+
+<p>E. CHARLES VIVIAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_290' id="Page_290">290</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='We_Have_Finished_Off_the_Russians' id="We_Have_Finished_Off_the_Russians"></a>"<i>We Have Finished Off the Russians</i>"</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_291' id="Page_291">291</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-295.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>WE HAVE FINISHED OFF THE RUSSIANS<br />"Wait a moment"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Assuming that the statement with regard to finishing off the Russians
+was actually written&mdash;and there is every reason to assume it&mdash;one may
+conjecture what memories it recalled. The great battles of the Warsaw
+salient, the drive that lasted for many months through the flats of
+Poland, the struggles of the Vilna salient, and all the time the
+knowledge that mechanism, the guns in which Germany put her trust, were
+shattering Russian legions day after day. Then the gradual settling of
+the eastern line, well into Russia, with all the industrial districts of
+Poland firmly gripped in German hands, and the certainty that though
+Russia had not been utterly broken and forced to a peace, yet so much
+had been accomplished that there was no longer any eastern menace, but
+both Germany and Austria might go about their business of conquest in
+the west, having "finished off" in the east.</p>
+
+<p>But that strong figure with the pistol pointed at the writer, that
+implacable, threatening giant, is a true type of Russia the
+unconquerable. It is a sign that the guns in which Germany put her trust
+have failed her, that the line which was to hold firm during the
+business of conquest in the west has broken&mdash;more, it is a sign of the
+doom of the aggressor. The writing of that fat, complacent figure&mdash;sorry
+imitator of the world's great conquerors&mdash;is arrested, and in place of
+stolid self-conceit there shows fear.</p>
+
+<p>Well-grounded fear. History can show no crimes to equal the rape of
+Belgium and the desolation of Poland at the hands of Germany. The giant
+with the pistol stands not only as a returned warrior, but also as an
+avenger of unspeakable crimes.</p>
+
+<p>E. CHARLES VIVIAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_292' id="Page_292">292</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='Muddle_Through' id="Muddle_Through"></a><i>Muddle Through</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_293' id="Page_293">293</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-297.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>MUDDLE THROUGH</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Although this striking cartoon of Raemaekers may, since the consummation
+of Lord Derby's Scheme and the raising of the new armies, be said to
+have lost its sting it cannot be said no longer to have a lesson.</p>
+
+<p>At the time of its first publication the sight of England assailed by
+the central Empires bent on her destruction for having thrown the weight
+of her trident and her sword into the scales on the side of Justice and
+Right against Lawlessness and Might, failed to evoke in many of her sons
+the spirit of patriotism which has since manifested itself in many
+glorious and immortal deeds.</p>
+
+<p>It was difficult for us to realize that we were at war. And at war not
+merely to protect the weak and uphold ideals of national righteousness,
+but for national existence itself. The doctrine of "muddle through" was
+not confined to the War Office and other Government Departments, but
+seemed to permeate the whole nation to a lamentable extent. In the
+cartoon we have three typical men with that fatal "business (or
+pleasure) as usual" expression on their faces. That Germany should seek
+to wrest the trident and sovereignty of the seas from the hand of
+Britain, or should have devastated Belgium and the North Eastern
+Department of France was obviously no personal concern of theirs. Let
+the other chaps fight if they would.</p>
+
+<p>Happily for England and for her gallant Allies the point of the cartoon
+has been blunted, if not entirely destroyed, by subsequent events. But
+the lesson? It is not far to seek. Is it not that had "business as
+usual" not been so gladly adopted as the national creed in the early
+days of war, we might have been happy in the blessings of Peace by now,
+or at least have had Peace much nearer.</p>
+
+<p>We do not envy the men who might have gone but who stayed at home in
+those early days, when their earlier presence on the field of battle
+might have been the means not only of saving many thousands of valuable
+lives, but of shortening the terrible carnage. It would have been a
+thousand times better had the mind which conceived the phrase "business
+as usual" been acute enough to foresee the possible and disastrous
+misapplications of the phrase. Rather would it have been better had the
+idea crystallized in "Do it now."</p>
+
+<p>CLIVE HOLLAND.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_294' id="Page_294">294</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='My_Enemy_Is_My_Best_Friend' id="My_Enemy_Is_My_Best_Friend"></a><i>My Enemy Is My Best Friend</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_295' id="Page_295">295</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-299.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>The Floods in Holland&mdash;now a fiend, to-morrow a friend.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>These words of Emerson's express exactly the thought of this cartoon.
+The Netherlands is a country that has been slowly won from the ocean;
+the cruel sea has always been its enemy, at first completely triumphant,
+then gradually resisted and driven forth by the enterprise and toil of
+men; but it is always an enemy to be dreaded. Its inroads have to be
+guarded against by great dykes and by the never-ceasing care and
+industry of the nation. Now and again the floods come, and people barely
+escape in boats from the waters. Yet time and again the enemy has been
+the best friend of the Netherlands. This enemy has saved them from the
+domination of Spain, and now, as the refugees on the floods of last
+winter are escaping from the jaws of death they feel that the water
+which is now an enemy (<i>vijand</i>), may to-morrow be a friend (<i>vriend</i>);
+for an invasion by the Germans, that ever-dreaded danger to all
+patriotic Dutchmen, can be guarded against only by the friendly help of
+the ocean which can be invoked in case of need to save its own people.
+It was only in the last resort that William the Silent consented to let
+in the sea. He resisted the Spaniards as long as he could, and only when
+all possible chance of further resistance was at an end did he have
+recourse to the sea as the last friend. He saved the country by allowing
+the German Ocean to destroy it. In this cartoon the people in the boats
+regard the sea as their enemy; but an invasion by German armies could
+not be resisted except with the help of the friendly sea, whose voice is
+the voice of Freedom.</p>
+
+<p>WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_296' id="Page_296">296</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='How_I_Deal_With_the_Small_Fry' id="How_I_Deal_With_the_Small_Fry"></a><i>How I Deal With the Small Fry</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_297' id="Page_297">297</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-301.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>How I deal with the small fry.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Perhaps only those who have the opportunity of reading the papers
+published in neutral countries, and have made a study of the mendacious
+"news for neutrals" issued by the notorious Woolf Agency and German
+Wireless Bureau, are able to grasp the powerful inner motive which
+actuates Raemaekers in the persistence with which he seeks to drive home
+the tragic stories of Belgium and Luxemburg. At this time of day it
+might seem superfluous to issue a cartoon of this kind. But is it? With
+neutral opinion apparently by no means convinced as yet of the sinister
+designs of Prussianism upon the liberties of Europe and especially of
+smaller nations a drawing of such poignancy and force cannot fail to
+arrest the attention and bring home the lesson of that creed which has
+for its gospel such phrases as "Necessity knows no law" and "Force shall
+rule." It is inconceivable to the thinking mind that there can be a man
+or woman who, with the story of the violation of Belgium and Luxemburg
+before them, can possibly hesitate to brand the German nation with the
+mark of Cain, and tremble at the mere possibility that might should
+triumph over right.</p>
+
+<p>Our wonderment is all the greater when we remember how the Kaiser and
+his murderous hordes have made no secret of their methods. They may in
+the end seek to deny them, to repudiate the deeds of blood and of unholy
+sacrilege and violence which in the early days of war were avowed
+concomitants of their policy, but such disavowal is not yet.</p>
+
+<p>Beneath the Kaiser's heel in bloody reality lie at the present time
+Belgium and unprotected Luxemburg every whit as much as is shown by the
+powerful pencil of the artist.</p>
+
+<p>The reign of lust, cruelty, and destruction is not yet done, though the
+signs and portents of the end are not now a-wanting. The blood of men,
+women, and little children shall not cease to cry aloud for vengeance
+until the Prussian eagle is humbled in the dust, and its power for evil
+is utterly destroyed. This is a good cartoon to bear in mind and look
+upon should "War weariness" ever overtake one. It will be a good one to
+have upon one's wall when peace talk is head in the land.</p>
+
+<p>Thomas Moore may be said to have composed an epitaph for Prussianism
+three-quarters of a century ago when he wrote the lines:</p>
+
+<p style='margin-left: 2em'>
+"Accursed is the march of that glory<br />
+Which treads o'er the hearts of the free."<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>A great statesman has declared "the Allies will not sheathe the sword
+until Justice is vindicated." Let us add "and until reparation is
+exacted to the uttermost farthing from these responsible for this bloody
+conflict and its diabolical crimes, whether the perpetrators be high or
+low."</p>
+
+<p>CLIVE HOLLAND.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_298' id="Page_298">298</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Two_Eagles' id="The_Two_Eagles"></a><i>The Two Eagles</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_299' id="Page_299">299</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-303.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>"I thought you said you were too proud to fight."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>A double-edged satire on both political birds. Neither is a true eagle.
+They have talons but nothing of the noble air proper to the king of
+birds. The German bird is not an eagle but a vulture; and he is in a
+sorry plight, with torn and ruffled feathers, dishevelled, dripping
+blood. He is disappointed, angry, soured, and unhappy. Yet he is
+straightforward about it. He makes no attempt to disguise his feelings,
+but glares at the other with the indignation of one who has been
+deceived written on his face and vibrating in his voice.</p>
+
+<p>And his reproach gets home. The American bird, who is bigger and stands
+on a bigger rock, is sleek enough except about the head which is a bit
+ruffled. But he is more of a raven than an eagle in his sable plumes of
+professional cut, and he is obviously not at ease. He does not look the
+other in the face. He stares straight in front of him at nothing with a
+forced, hard and fixed smile, obviously assumed because he has no reply
+to make.</p>
+
+<p>During the war many indiscreet phrases have dropped from the lips of
+prominent persons who must bitterly regret them and wish them buried
+deep in oblivion. But they stand on record, and history will not let
+them die. "Too proud to fight" is the most unfortunate of all, and when
+others are forgotten it will remain, because it has a general
+application. Mr. Raemaekers exposes its foolishness here with a single
+masterly touch and he puts the exposure in the right mouth. The cartoon
+is an illuminating epitome of the interminable exchange of notes between
+the two Powers on submarine warfare.</p>
+
+<p>A. SHADWELL.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_300' id="Page_300">300</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='London_Inside_the_Savoy' id="London_Inside_the_Savoy"></a><i>London&mdash;Inside the Savoy</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_301' id="Page_301">301</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-305.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>LONDON&mdash;INSIDE THE SAVOY</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>At first glance this cartoon would seem to imply that the people inside
+the Savoy had little interest in the war, for the figures in evening
+dress are well in the foreground; a count of heads, however, will show
+six, and possibly seven men in uniform and only four in civilian attire,
+and of the soldiers not one is dancing&mdash;they are lookers-on at these
+strange beings who pursue the ordinary ways of life.</p>
+
+<p>Of such beings, not many are left&mdash;certainly not this proportion of four
+to six, or four to seven. Compulsion has thinned the ranks of the
+shirkers down to an irreducible minimum, and a visit to the Savoy at any
+time in the last six months of 1916 would show khaki entirely
+preponderant, just as it is in the streets. These correctly dressed and
+monocled young men have been put into the national machine, and moulded
+into fighting material&mdash;their graves are thick in Flanders and along the
+heights north of the Somme, and they have proved themselves equal and
+superior to what had long been regarded as the finest fighting forces of
+Europe.</p>
+
+<p>It is in reality no far cry from the Somme fighting area to the light
+and the music of the Savoy, and a man may dance one night and die under
+a German bullet the next&mdash;many have already done so. Here the artist
+shows the lighter side of British life to-day, but one has only to turn
+to the companion cartoon to this, "Outside the Savoy," to see that he
+realizes London as thoroughly in earnest about the war.</p>
+
+<p>E. CHARLES VIVIAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_302' id="Page_302">302</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='London_Outside_the_Savoy' id="London_Outside_the_Savoy"></a><i>London&mdash;Outside the Savoy</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_303' id="Page_303">303</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-307.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>LONDON&mdash;OUTSIDE THE SAVOY</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The newsboy, under military age; one man, well over military age; three
+women&mdash;and all the rest in uniform&mdash;even the top of the bus that shows
+in the distance is filled with soldiers. Thus Raemaekers sees the
+Strand, one of the principal thoroughfares of the heart of the British
+Empire.</p>
+
+<p>For the sake of contrast with the companion cartoon, "Inside the Savoy,"
+there is a slight exaggeration in this view of London street life in
+war-time&mdash;the proportion of civilians to soldiers is necessarily greater
+than this, or the national life could not go on. A host of industries
+are necessary to the prosecution of the war, and it falls to some men to
+stay behind&mdash;many of them unwillingly.</p>
+
+<p>There was a time, in the early days, when Britain suffered from an
+under-estimate of the magnitude of this task of war&mdash;a time which the
+cartoon "Inside the Savoy" typifies in its presentment of careless
+enjoyment. But that attitude was soon dispelled, and it is significant
+of the spirit of the nation that only when nine-tenths of the necessary
+army had been raised by voluntary&mdash;indeed, this is a certainty, for not
+until long after the cartoon was published did any conscripts appear in
+the streets. Though, in the proportion of soldiers to civilians, the
+cartoon may exaggerate, in its presentment of the spirit of the nation,
+and of the determination of the nation with regard to the war, it is
+true to life.</p>
+
+<p>E. CHARLES VIVIAN.</p>
+
+<hr class='full' style='clear: both;' />
+
+<div>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_304' id="Page_304">304</a></span>
+  <h2><a name='The_Invocation' id="The_Invocation"></a><i>The Invocation</i></h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class='figright' style='width: 350px;'>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name='Page_305' id="Page_305">305</a></span>
+  <img src='images/illus-309.jpg' width='325' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>MON FILS&mdash;BELGIUM, 1914<br />"Let me see him again, Holy Virgin!"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This drawing touches the highest level of the draughtsman's art and
+demonstrates the unique power of the pencil in a master hand. So simple,
+so true, so complete, so direct and so eloquent is the message that
+words can add nothing to it. They can only pay a tribute of
+appreciation.</p>
+
+<p>Everybody can read the meaning at a glance; none can read it wholly
+unmoved. For here is pure humanity, which none can escape, the primal
+instinct without which man that is born of woman would not be. Before
+this weak, bowed, and homely figure Knowledge is silent, Pride and
+Passion are rebuked. Strength is shamed. Motherhood and mother-love
+transcend them all.</p>
+
+<p>There is here nothing of anger, no thought of hostility or revenge, no
+trace of evil passion. Only a mother yearning after her son and pleading
+to another mother, the Divine type of motherhood, the Mother of God. And
+what she asks is so little, only to see him again. She has given him, as
+the mother to whom she prays gave her Son, and she does not demand him
+back. She reproaches no one, accuses no one, makes no complaint and no
+claim for herself, but meekly pleads that she may be allowed to see him
+again to still the longing in her breast. She is a woman of the people,
+a simple peasant, but she personifies all mothers in every war, as she
+bows her silvered head in humble prayer at the way-side shrine.</p>
+
+<p>A. SHADWELL.</p>
+
+<hr class='major' />
+
+<div class='figcenter' style='width: 300px;'>
+  <img src='images/illus-clp.png' width='100' alt='' />
+  <p class='caption'>THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS<br />GARDEN CITY, N. Y.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Raemaekers' Cartoons, by Louis Raemaekers
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+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Raemaekers' Cartoons, by Louis Raemaekers
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Raemaekers' Cartoons
+       With Accompanying Notes by Well-known English Writers
+
+Author: Louis Raemaekers
+
+Contributor: H. H. Asquith
+
+Illustrator: Louis Raemaekers
+
+Release Date: August 26, 2006 [EBook #19126]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RAEMAEKERS' CARTOONS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Roger Frank and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+RAEMAEKERS' CARTOONS
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+[Illustration:
+
+(Transcriber's note: a signed Portrait of Louis Raemaekers)
+
+Photograph by Miss D. Compton Collier]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+RAEMAEKERS' CARTOONS
+
+WITH ACCOMPANYING NOTES BY
+WELL-KNOWN ENGLISH WRITERS
+
+WITH AN APPRECIATION FROM H. H. ASQUITH,
+PRIME MINISTER OF ENGLAND
+
+GARDEN CITY NEW YORK
+DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
+1916
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Copyright, 1916, by
+DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
+
+All rights reserved, including that of translation into foreign
+languages, including the Scandinavian.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LIST OF CARTOONS AND THE DESCRIPTIVE NOTES
+                                                                      PAGE
+PORTRAIT OF LOUIS RAEMAEKERS
+INTRODUCTION                                   Francis Stopford
+AN APPRECIATION FROM THE PRIME MINISTER        H. H. Asquith
+CHRISTENDOM AFTER TWENTY CENTURIES             Francis Stopford          8
+A STABLE PEACE                                 Eden Phillpotts          10
+THE MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS                  E. Charles Vivian        12
+BERNHARDIISM                                   Hilaire Belloc           14
+FROM LIEGE TO AIX-LA-CHAPELLE                  Francis Stopford         16
+SPOILS FOR THE VICTORS                         Hilaire Belloc           18
+THE VERY STONES CRY OUT                        Bernard Vaughan, S. J.   20
+SATAN'S PARTNER                                G. K. Chesterton         22
+THROWN TO THE SWINE                            The Dean of St. Paul's   24
+THE LAND MINE                                  Herbert Warren           26
+"FOR YOUR MOTHERLAND"                          Eden Phillpotts          28
+THE GERMAN LOAN                                E. Charles Vivian        30
+EUROPE, 1916                                   G. K. Chesterton         32
+THE NEXT TO BE KICKED OUT--DUMBA'S MASTER      Arthur Pollen            34
+THE FRIENDLY VISITOR                           H. DeVere Stacpoole      36
+"TO YOUR HEALTH, CIVILIZATION!"                The Dean of St. Paul's   38
+FOX TIRPITZ PREACHING TO THE GEESE             Herbert Warren           40
+THE PRISONERS                                  Eden Phillpotts          42
+IT'S UNBELIEVABLE                              Hilaire Belloc           44
+KREUZLAND, KREUZLAND UeBER ALLES                The Dean of St. Paul's   38
+THE EX-CONVICT                                 Hilaire Belloc           48
+MISS CAVELL                                    G. K. Chesterton         50
+THE HOSTAGES                                   John Oxenham             52
+KING ALBERT'S ANSWER TO THE POPE               E. Charles Vivian        54
+THE GAS FIEND                                  Eden Phillpotts          56
+THE GERMAN TANGO                               John Buchan              58
+THE ZEPPELIN TRIUMPH                           W. L. Courtney           60
+KEEPING OUT THE ENEMY                          H. DeVere Stacpoole      62
+THE GERMAN OFFER                               Hilaire Belloc           64
+THE WOLF TRAP                                  Herbert Warren           66
+AHASUERUS II                                   John Buchan              68
+OUR CANDID FRIEND                              The Dean of St. Paul's   70
+PEACE AND INTERVENTION                         Boyd Cable               72
+LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD                         H. DeVere Stacpoole      74
+THE SEA MINE                                   Arthur Pollen            76
+"SEDUCTION"                                    G. K. Chesterton         78
+MURDER ON THE HIGH SEAS                        Arthur Pollen            80
+AD FINEM                                       John Oxenham             82
+"U'S"                                          Arthur Pollen            84
+MATER DOLOROSA                                 Eden Phillpotts          86
+"GOTT STRAFE ITALIEN!"                         Ralph D. Blumenfeld      88
+SERBIA                                         Sir Sidney Lee           90
+"JUST A MOMENT--I'M COMING"                    Boyd Cable               92
+THE HOLY WAR                                   Boyd Cable               94
+"GOTT MIT UNS"                                 Eden Phillpotts          96
+THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM                          The Dean of St. Paul's   98
+THE HARVEST IS RIPE                            William Mitchell Ramsay 100
+"UNMASKED"                                     Boyd Cable              102
+THE GREAT SURPRISE                             G. K. Chesterton        104
+THOU ART THE MAN!                              John Oxenham            106
+SYMPATHY                                       Ralph D. Blumenfeld     108
+THE REFUGEES                                   Joseph Thorp            110
+"THE JUNKER"                                   Clive Holland           112
+"AU MILIEU DE FANTOMES TRISTES ET SANS NOMBRE" Alice Meynell           114
+BLUEBEARD'S CHAMBER                            William Mitchell Ramsay 116
+THE RAID                                       Arthur Pollen           118
+BETTER A LIVING DOG THAN A DEAD LION           Arthur Shadwell         120
+"THE BURDEN OF THE INTOLERABLE DAY"            William Mitchell Ramsay 122
+EAGLE IN HEN-RUN                               Boyd Cable              124
+THE FUTURE                                     Sidney Lee              126
+CHRIST OR ODIN?                                Bernard Vaughan         128
+FERDINAND                                      Edmund Gosse            130
+JUGGERNAUT                                     John Oxenham            132
+MICHAEL AND THE MARKS                          W. M. J. Williams       134
+THEIR BERESINA                                 John Oxenham            136
+NEW PEACE OFFERS                               W. L. Courtney          138
+THE SHIELDS OF ROSSELAERE                      William Mitchell Ramsay 140
+THE OBSTINACY OF NICHOLAS                      Joseph Thorp            142
+THE ORDER OF MERIT                             Ralph D. Blumenfeld     144
+THE MARSHES OF PINSK                           Alice Meynell           146
+GOD WITH US                                    John Buchan             148
+FERDINAND THE CHAMELEON                        G. K. Chesterton        150
+THE LATIN SISTERS                              Horace Annesley Vachell 152
+MISUNDERSTOOD                                  Joseph Thorp            154
+PROSPERITY REIGNS IN FLANDERS                  Cecil Chesterton        156
+THE LAST HOHENZOLLERN                          E. Charles Vivian       158
+PIRACY                                         Arthur Pollen           160
+"WEEPING, SHE HATH WEPT"                       Father Bernard Vaughan  162
+MILITARY NECESSITY                             Eden Phillpotts         164
+LIBERTE! LIBERTE, CHERIE!                      John Oxenham            166
+I--"A KNAVISH PIECE OF WORK"                   George Birdwood         168
+II--"SISYPHUS,--HIS STONE"                     George Birdwood         170
+CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS                           A. Shadwell             172
+PALLAS ATHENE                                  Herbert Warner          174
+THE WONDERS OF CULTURE                         Clive Holland           176
+FOLK WHO DO NOT UNDERSTAND THEM                Bernard Vaughan         178
+ON THE WAY TO CALAIS                           Eden Phillpotts         180
+VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG AND TRUTH                 Herbert Warren          182
+VAN TROMP AND DE RUYTER                        Arthur Pollen           184
+WAR AND CHRIST                                 Cecil Chesterton        186
+BARBED WIRE                                    E. Charles Vivian       188
+THE HIGHER POLITICS                            Boyd Cable              190
+THE LOAN GAME                                  W. M. J. Williams       192
+A WAR OF RAPINE                                E. Charles Vivian       194
+THE DUTCH JUNKERS                              A. Shadwell             196
+THE WAR MAKERS                                 John Oxenham            198
+THE CHRISTMAS OF KULTUR                        A. Shadwell             200
+SERBIA                                         Horace Annesley Vachell 202
+THE LAST OF THE RACE                           Arthur Pollen           204
+THE CURRICULUM                                 W. M. J. Williams       206
+THE DUTCH JOURNALIST TO HIS BELGIAN CONFRERE   G. K. Chesterton        208
+A BORED CRITIC                                 Eden Phillpotts         210
+"THE PEACE WOMAN"                              Clive Holland           212
+THE SELF-SATISFIED BURGHER                     W. L. Courtney          214
+THE DECADENT                                   John Oxenham            216
+LIQUID FIRE                                    Clive Holland           218
+NISH AND PARIS                                 Sidney Lee              220
+GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND!                           Cecil Chesterton        222
+THE PACIFICIST KAISER                          Sidney Lee              224
+DINANT                                         W. R. Inge              226
+"HESPERIA" (WOUNDED FIRST)                     H. DeVere Stacpoole     228
+GALLIPOLI                                      G. K. Chesterton        230
+THE BEGINNING OF THE EXPIATION                 G. K. Chesterton        232
+THE SHIRKERS                                   Sidney Lee              234
+ONE OF THE KAISER'S MANY MISTAKES              John Oxenham            236
+BELGIUM IN HOLLAND                             Edmund Gosse            238
+SERBIA                                         William Mitchell Ramsay 240
+JACKALS IN THE POLITICAL FIELD                 Herbert Warren          242
+A LETTER FROM THE GERMAN TRENCHES              Cecil Chesterton        244
+HIS MASTER'S VOICE                             A. Shadwell             246
+HUN GENEROSITY                                 Horace Annesley Vachell 248
+EASTER, 1915                                   G. K. Chesterton        250
+PAN GERMANICUS AS PEACE MAKER                  Alfred Stead            252
+GOTT MIT UNS                                   Cecil Chesterton        254
+OUR LADY OF ANTWERP                            W. L. Courtney          256
+DEPORTATION                                    Cecil Chesterton        258
+THE GERMAN BAND                                John Oxenham            260
+ARCADES AMBO                                   Horace Annesley Vachell 262
+"IS IT YOU, MOTHER?"                           Sidney Lee              264
+THE FATE OF FLEMISH ART AT THE HANDS OF KULTUR
+                                               Arthur Morrison         266
+THE GRAVES OF ALL HIS HOPES                    H. DeVere Stacpoole     268
+"MY SIXTH SON IS NOW LYING HERE--WHERE ARE YOURS?"
+                                               H. DeVere Stacpoole     270
+BUNKERED                                       W. R. Inge              272
+GOTT STRAFE VERDUN                             W. R. Inge              274
+THE LAST THROW                                 E. Charles Vivian       276
+THE ZEPPELIN BAG                               Clive Holland           278
+"COME IN, MICHAEL, I HAVE HAD A LONG SLEEP"    Horace Annesley Vachell 280
+FIVE ON A BENCH                                G. K. Chesterton        282
+WHAT ABOUT PEACE, LADS?                        W. R. Inge              284
+THE LIBERATORS                                 Joseph Thorp            286
+TOM THUMB AND THE GIANT                        E. Charles Vivian       288
+"WE HAVE FINISHED OFF THE RUSSIANS"            E. Charles Vivian       290
+MUDDLE THROUGH                                 Clive Holland           292
+MY ENEMY IS MY BEST FRIEND                     William Mitchell Ramsay 294
+HOW I DEAL WITH THE SMALL FRY                  Clive Holland           296
+THE TWO EAGLES                                 A. Shadwell             298
+LONDON INSIDE THE SAVOY                        E. Charles Vivian       300
+LONDON OUTSIDE THE SAVOY                       E. Charles Vivian       302
+THE INVOCATION                                 A. Shadwell             304
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+Louis Raemaekers will stand out for all time as one of the supreme
+figures which the Great War has called into being. His genius has been
+enlisted in the service of mankind, and his work, being entirely sincere
+and untouched by racial or national prejudice, will endure; indeed, it
+promises to gain strength as the years advance. When the intense
+passions, which have been awakened by this world struggle, have faded
+away, civilization will regard the war largely through these wonderful
+drawings.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Before the war had been in progress many weeks the cartoons in the
+Amsterdam _Telegraaf_ attracted attention in the capitals of Europe,
+many leading newspapers reproducing them. The German authorities, quick
+to realize their full significance, did all in their power to suppress
+them. Through German intrigue Raemaekers has been charged in the Dutch
+Courts with endangering the neutrality of Holland--and acquitted. A
+price has been set on his head, should he ever venture over the border.
+
+When he crossed to England, his wife received anonymous post-cards,
+warning her that his ship would certainly be torpedoed in the North Sea.
+The Cologne _Gazette_, in a leading article on Holland, threatens that
+country that "after the War Germany will settle accounts with Holland,
+and for each calumny, for each cartoon of Raemaekers, she will demand
+payment with the interest that is due to her." Not since Saul and the
+men of Israel were in the valley of Elah fighting with the Philistines
+has so unexpected a champion arisen. With brush and pencil this Dutch
+painter will do even as David did with the smooth stone out of the
+brook: he will destroy the braggart Goliath, who, strong in his own
+might, defies the forces of the living God.
+
+When Mr. Raemaekers came to London in December, he was received by the
+Prime Minister, and was entertained at a complimentary luncheon by the
+Journalists of the British capital. Similar honour was conferred on him
+on his second visit. He was the guest of honour at the Savage Club; the
+Royal Society of Miniature Painters elected him an Honorary Member. But
+it has been left to France to pay the most fitting recognition to his
+genius and to his services in the cause of freedom and truth. The Cross
+of the Legion of Honour has been presented to him, and on his visit to
+Paris this month a special reception is to be held in his honour at La
+Sorbonne, which is the highest purely intellectual reward Europe can
+confer on any man.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The great Dutch cartoonist is now in his forty-seventh year. He was born
+in Holland, his father, who is dead, having been the editor of a
+provincial newspaper. His mother, who is still alive and exceedingly
+proud of her son's fame, is a German by birth, but rejoices that she
+married a Dutchman. Mr. Raemaekers, who is short, fair, and of a ruddy
+countenance, looks at least ten years younger than his age. He took up
+painting and drawing when quite young and learnt his art in Holland and
+in Brussels. All his life he has lived in his own country, but with
+frequent visits to Belgium and Germany, where, through his mother, he
+has many relations. Thus he knows by experience the nature of the
+peoples whom he depicts.
+
+For many years he was a landscape painter and a portrait painter, and
+made money and local reputation. Six or seven years ago he turned his
+attention to political work, and became a cartoonist and caricaturist on
+the staff of the Amsterdam _Telegraaf_, thus opening the way to a fame
+which is not only world-wide but which will endure as long as the memory
+of the Great War lasts. His ideas come to him naturally and without
+effort. Suggestions do not assist him; they hinder him when he
+endeavours to act on them. He is an artist to his finger-tips and throws
+the whole force of his being into his work. Some years ago he married a
+Dutch lady, who is devoted to music, and they have three children, two
+girls and a boy (the youngest); the eldest is now twelve. Very happy in
+his home, Mr. Raemaekers has no ambitions outside it, except to go on
+with his work. A Teuton paper has declared that Raemaekers' cartoons are
+worth at least two Army Corps to the Allies.
+
+The strong religious tendency which so often distinguishes his work
+makes one instinctively ask to what Church does the artist belong. He
+replies that he belongs to none, but was brought up a Catholic, and his
+wife a Protestant, and the differences which in later life severed each
+from their early teaching caused them to meet on common ground. But the
+intense Christian feeling of these drawings is beyond cavil or dispute:
+they again and again bring home to the heart the vital truths of the
+Faith with irresistible force, and the artist ever expresses the
+Christianity, not perhaps of the theologian, but of the honest and
+kindly man of the world.
+
+Praise has been bestowed upon his work by several German
+papers--qualified praise. The _Leipziger Volkszeitung_ has declared that
+Raemaekers' cartoons show unimpeachable art and great power of
+execution, but that they all lack one thing. They have no wit, no
+spirit. Which is true--in a sense. They do lack wit--German wit; they do
+lack spirit--German spirit. And what German wit and German spirit may be
+one can comprehend by a study of Raemaekers' cartoons.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It has been well said that no man living amidst these surging seas of
+blood and tears has come nearer to the role of Peacemaker than
+Raemaekers. The Peace which he works for is not a matter of arrangement
+between diplomatists and politicians: it is the peace which the
+intelligence and the soul of the Western world shall insist on in the
+years to be. God grant it be not long delayed, but it can only come when
+the enemy is entirely overthrown and the victory is overwhelming and
+complete.
+
+Empire House,                                 FRANCIS STOPFORD,
+  Kingsway, London.                             Editor, _Land and Water_.
+    February, 1916.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+AN APPRECIATION FROM THE PRIME MINISTER
+                                                      Downing Street,
+                                                        Whitehall, S. W.
+
+Mr. Raemaekers' powerful work gives form and colour to the menace which
+the Allies are averting from the liberty, the civilization, and the
+humanity of the future. He shows us our enemies as they appear to the
+unbiassed eyes of a neutral, and wherever his pictures are seen
+determination will be strengthened to tolerate no end of the war save
+the final overthrow of the Prussian military power.
+
+                                                    Signed H. H. ASQUITH.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+CHRISTENDOM AFTER TWENTY CENTURIES
+
+These pictures, with their haunting sense of beauty and their biting
+satire, might almost have been drawn by the finger of the Accusing
+Angel. As the spectator gazes on them the full weight of the horrible
+cruelty and senseless futility of war overwhelms the soul, and, sinking
+helplessly beneath it, he feels inclined to assume the same attitude of
+despair as is shown in "Christendom After Twenty Centuries."
+
+"War is war," the Germans preached and practised, and no matter how
+clement and correct may be the humanity of the Allies, we realize
+through these pictures what the human race has to face and endure once
+peace be broken. Is "Christendom After Twenty Centuries" to be even as
+Christianity was in the first century--an excuse for the perpetration of
+mad cruelties by degenerate Caesars or Kaisers (spell it as you will) at
+their games? Cannot the higher and finer attributes of mankind be
+developed and strengthened without this apparently needless waste of
+agony and life? Is human nature only to be redeemed through the Cross,
+and must Calvary bear again and again its heavy load of human anguish?
+
+One cannot escape from this inner questioning as one gazes on
+Raemaekers' cartoons.
+
+                                                      FRANCIS STOPFORD.
+
+[Illustration: CHRISTENDOM AFTER TWENTY CENTURIES]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+A STABLE PEACE
+
+Were I privileged to have a hand at the Peace Conference, my cooperation
+would take the part of deeds and I should only ask to hang the walls of
+the council chamber with life-size reproductions of Raemaekers in
+blood-red frames. For human memory is weak, and as mind of man cannot
+grasp the meaning of a million, so may it well fail to keep steadily
+before itself the measure of Belgium--the rape and murder, the pillage
+and plunder, the pretences under which perished women and priests and
+children, the brutal tyranny--the left hand that beckoned in friendly
+fashion, the right hand, hidden with the steel.
+
+We can very safely leave France to remember Northern France and Russia
+not to forget Poland; but let Belgium and Serbia be at the front of the
+British mind and conscience; let her lift her eyes to these scorching
+pictures when Germany fights with all her cunning for a peace that shall
+leave Prussia scotched, not killed.
+
+Already one reads despondent articles, that the English tradition, to
+forgive and forget, is going to wreck the peace; and students of
+psychology fear that within us lie ineradicable qualities that will save
+the situation for Germany at the end.
+
+To suspect such a national weakness is surely to arm against it and see
+that our contribution to the Peace Conference shall not stultify our
+contribution to the War.
+
+The Germans have been kite-flying for six months, to see which way the
+wind blows; and when the steady hurricane broke the strings and flung
+the kites headlong to earth, those who sent them up were sufficiently
+proclaimed by their haste to disclaim.
+
+But when the actual conditions are created and the new "Scrap of Paper"
+comes to light, since German honour is dead and her oath in her own
+sight worthless, let it be worthless in our sight also, and let the
+terms of peace preclude her power to perjure herself again. Make her
+honest by depriving her of the strength to be dishonest. There is only
+one thing on earth the German will ever respect, and that is superior
+force. May Berlin, therefore, see an army of occupation; and may "peace"
+be a word banished from every Allied tongue until that preliminary
+condition of peace is accomplished, and Germany sees other armies than
+her own.
+
+Reason has been denied speech in this war; but if she is similarly
+banished from the company of the peace-makers, then woe betide the
+constitution of the thing they will create, for a "stable peace" must be
+the very last desire of those now doomed to defeat.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: A STABLE PEACE
+
+THE KAISER: "And remember, if they do not accept, I deny altogether."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS
+
+Some "neutrals," and even some of the people here in England, still
+doubt the reality of the German atrocities in Belgium, but Raemaekers
+has seen and spoken with those to whom the scene depicted in this
+cartoon is an ugly reality. One who would understand it to the full must
+visualize the hands behind the thrusting rifle butts, and the faces
+behind the hands, as well as the praying, maddened, despairing, vengeful
+women of the picture--and must visualize, too, the men thrust back
+another way, to wait _their_ fate at the hands of these apostles of a
+civilization of force.
+
+Yet even then full realization is impossible; the man whose pencil has
+limned these faces has only caught a far-off echo of the reality, and
+thus we who see his picture are yet another stage removed from the full
+horror of the scene that he gives us. Not on us, in England, have the
+rifle butts fallen; not for us has it chanced that we should be
+shepherded "men to the right, women to the left"; not ours the trenched
+graves and the extremity of shame. Thus it is not for us to speak, as
+the people of Belgium and Northern France will speak, of the limits of
+endurance, and of war's last terrors imposed on those whom war should
+have passed by and left untouched. We gather, dimly and with but a tithe
+of the feeling that experience can impart, that these extremities of
+shame and suffering have been imposed on a people that has done no
+wrong, and we may gain some slight satisfaction from the thought that to
+this nation is apportioned a share in the work of vengeance on the
+criminals.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: THE MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS
+
+"We _must_ do everything in good order--so men to the right, women to
+the left."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+BERNHARDIISM
+
+It is the most bestial part of this most bestial thing that it is
+calculated and a matter of orders. The private soldier takes his share
+of the loot, and is generally the instrument of the cold and ordered
+killing; but it is the officer-class which most profits in goods, and it
+is the higher command which dictates the policy. It was so in 1870. It
+is much more so to-day.
+
+This note of calculation is particularly to be seen in the fluctuations
+through which that policy has passed. When the enemy was absolutely
+certain of victory, outnumbering the invader by nearly two to one and
+sweeping all before him, we had massacres upon massacres: Louvain,
+Aerschot, the wholesale butchery of Dinant, the Lorraine villages (and
+in particular the hell of Guebervilliers). Even at the very extremity of
+his tide of invasion, and in the last days of it, came the atrocities
+and destruction of Sermaize. In the very act of the defeat which has
+pinned him and began the process of his destruction he was attempting
+yet a further repetition of these unnameable things at Senlis under the
+very gates of Paris.
+
+Then came the months when he felt less secure. The whole thing was at
+once toned down by order. Pillage was reduced to isolated cases, and
+murder also. Few children suffered.
+
+A recovery of confidence throughout his Eastern successes last summer
+renewed the crimes. Poland is full of them, and the Serbian land as
+well.
+
+In general, you have throughout these months of his ordeal a regular
+succession, of excess in vileness when he is confident, of restraint in
+it when he is touched by fear.
+
+This effect of fear upon the dull soul is a characteristic familiar to
+all men who know their Prussian from history, particularly the wealthier
+governing classes of Prussia. It is a characteristic which those who are
+in authority during this war will do well to bear in mind. Properly
+used, that knowledge may be made an instrument of victory.
+
+                                                        HILAIRE BELLOC.
+
+[Illustration: BERNHARDIISM
+
+"It's all right. If I hadn't done it some one else might."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+FROM LIEGE TO AIX-LA-CHAPELLE
+
+    Moreover, by the means of Wisdom I shall obtain immortality, and
+    leave behind me an everlasting memorial to them that come after me.
+
+    "I shall set the people in order, and the nations shall be subject
+    unto me.
+
+    "Horrible tyrants shall be afraid, when they do but hear of me; I
+    shall be found good among the multitude, and valiant in war."
+    (Wisdom viii. 13, 14, 15.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Wisdom and Wisdom alone could have painted this terrible picture the
+most terrible perhaps which Raemaekers has ever done and yet the
+simplest. That he should have dared to leave almost everything to the
+imagination of the beholder is evidence of the wonderful power which he
+exercises over the mind of the people. Each of us knows what is in that
+goods-van and we shudder at its hideous hidden freight, fearing lest it
+may be disclosed before our eyes. Wisdom is but another name for supreme
+genius. So apposite are the verses which are quoted here from "The
+Wisdom of Solomon" in the "Apocrypha" that they seem almost to have been
+written on Louis Raemaekers.
+
+Moreover, this picture brings home to all of us in the most forcible
+manner possible the full reality of the horror of war.
+
+                                                      FRANCIS STOPFORD.
+
+[Illustration: FROM LIEGE TO AIX-LA-CHAPELLE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SPOILS FOR THE VICTORS
+
+The feature that will stamp Prussian War forever, and make this group of
+campaigns stand out from all others, is the _character_ of its murder
+and pillage.
+
+Of all the historical ignorance upon which the foolish Pacifist's case
+is founded, perhaps the worst is the conception that these abominations
+are the natural accompaniment of war. They _have_ attached to war when
+war was ill organised in type. But the more subject to rule it has
+become, the more men have gloried in arms, the more they have believed
+the high trade of soldier to be a pride, the more have they eliminated
+the pillage of the civilian and the slaughter of the innocent from its
+actions. Those things belong to violent passion and to lack of reason.
+Modern war and the chivalric tradition scorned them.
+
+The edges of the Germanies have, in the past, been touched by the
+chivalric tradition: Prussia never. That noblest inheritance of
+Christendom never reached out so far into the wilds. And to Germany, now
+wholly Prussianized--which will kill us or which we shall kill--soldier
+is no high thing, nor is their any meaning attached to the word
+"Glorious." War is for that State a business: a business only to be
+undertaken with profit against what is certainly weaker; to be
+undertaken without faith and with a cruelty in proportion to that
+weakness. In particular it must be a terror to women, to children, and
+to the aged--for these remain unarmed.
+
+This country alone of the original alliance has been spared pillage. It
+has not been spared murder. But this country, though the process has
+perhaps been more gradual than elsewhere, is very vividly alive to-day
+to what would necessarily follow the presence of German soldiery upon
+English land.
+
+                                                        HILAIRE BELLOC.
+
+[Illustration: SPOILS FOR THE VICTORS
+
+"We must despoil Belgium if only to make room for our own culture."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE VERY STONES CRY OUT
+
+If the highly organized enemy with whom we are at grips in a
+life-and-death struggle would only play the war game in accordance with
+the rules drawn up by civilized peoples, he would, indeed, command our
+admiration no less than our respect. Never on this earth was there such
+a splendid fighting machine as that "made in Germany." The armies
+against us are the last word in discipline, fitness, and equipment; and
+are led by men who, born in barracks, weaned on munitions, have but one
+aim and end in view "World-Dominion or Downfall."
+
+As a matter of fact, instead of winning our admiration they have drawn
+our detestation. Not content with brushing aside all international laws
+of warfare, they have trampled upon every law, human and divine,
+standing in their way of conquest. Indeed, Germany's method of fighting
+would disgrace the savages of Central Africa.
+
+Prussianized Germany has the monopoly of "frightfulness." When not
+"frightful," Prussian troopers are not living down to the instructions
+of their War-lords to leave the conquered with nothing but eyes to weep
+with. Not content to crucify Canadians, murder priests, violate nuns,
+mishandle women, and bayonet children, the enemy torpedoes
+civilian-carrying liners, and bombs Red Cross hospitals. More, sinning
+against posterity as well as antiquity, Germans stand charged before man
+and God with reducing to ashes some of the finest artistic output of
+Christian civilization. When accused of crimes such as these, Germany
+answers through her generals: "The commonest, ugliest stone put to mark
+the burial-place of a German grenadier is a more glorious and venerable
+monument than all the cathedrals of Europe put together" (General von
+Disfurth in _Hamburger Nachrichten_). "Thus is fulfilled the well-known
+prophecy of Heine: 'When once that restraining talisman, the Cross, is
+broken ... Thor, with his colossal hammer, will leap up, and with it
+shatter into fragments the Gothic cathedrals'" (_Religion and Philosophy
+in Germany in the Nineteenth Century_).
+
+What, I ask, can you do with such people but either crush or civilize
+them?
+
+The very stones cry out against them.
+
+                                                  BERNARD VAUGHAN, S.J.
+
+[Illustration: THE VERY STONES CRY OUT]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SATAN'S PARTNER
+
+The cartoon bears the quotation from Bernhardi "War is as divine as
+eating and drinking." Yes; and German war is as divine as German eating
+and drinking. Any one who has been in a German restaurant during that
+mammoth midday meal which generally precedes a sleep akin to a
+hibernation, will understand how the same strange barbarous solemnity
+has ruined all the real romance of war. There is no way of conveying the
+distinction, except by saying vaguely that there is a way of doing
+things, and that butchering is not necessary to a good army any more
+than gobbling is necessary to a good dinner. In our own insular
+shorthand it can be, insufficiently and narrowly but not unprofitably,
+expressed by saying that it is possible both to fight and to eat like a
+gentleman. It is therefore highly significant that Mr. Raemaekers has in
+this cartoon conceived the devil primarily as a kind of ogre. It is a
+matter of great interest that this Dutch man of genius, like that other
+genius whose pencil war has turned into a sword, Will Dyson, lends in
+the presence of Prussia (which has been for many moderns their first
+glimpse of absolute or positive evil) to depriving the devil of all that
+moonshine of dignity which sentimental sceptics have given him. Evil
+does not mean dignity, any more than it means any other good thing. The
+stronger caricaturists have, in a sense, fallen back on the medieval
+devil; not because he is more mystical, but because he is more material.
+The face of Raemaekers' Satan, with its lifted jowl and bared teeth, has
+less of the half-truth of cynicism than of mere ignominious greed. The
+armies are spread out for him as a banquet; and the war which he
+praises, and which was really spread for him in Flanders, is not a
+Crusade but a cannibal feast.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: SATAN'S PARTNER
+
+BERNHARDI: "War is as divine as eating and drinking."
+SATAN: "Here is a partner for me."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THROWN TO THE SWINE
+
+The Germans have committed many more indefensible crimes than the
+military execution of the kind-hearted nurse who had helped
+war-prisoners to escape. They have murdered hundreds of women who had
+committed no offence whatever against their military rules. But though
+not the worst of their misdeeds, this has probably been the stupidest.
+It gained us almost as many recruits as the sinking of the _Lusitania_,
+and it made the whole world understand--what is unhappily the
+truth--that the German is wholly destitute of chivalry. He knows indeed
+that people of other nations are affected by this sentiment; but he
+despises them for it. Woman is the weaker vessel; and therefore,
+according to his code, she must be taught to know her place, which is to
+cook and sew, and produce "cannon-fodder" for the Government. Readers of
+Schopenhauer and Nietzsche will remember the advice given by those
+philosophers for the treatment of women. Nietzsche recommends a whip. It
+never occurred to German officialdom that the pedantic condemnation of
+one obscure woman, guilty by the letter of their law, would stir the
+heart of England and America to the depths, and steel our soldiers to
+further efforts against an enemy whose moral unlikeness to ourselves
+becomes more apparent with every new phase in the struggle.
+
+                                                THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.
+
+[Illustration: THROWN TO THE SWINE
+
+The Martyred Nurse]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE LAND MINE
+
+What does this cartoon suggest? I am asked and I ask myself. At first
+very little, almost nothing, only uninteresting, ugly death, gloomy,
+ghastly, dismal, but dull and largely featureless, blank and negative.
+Has the artist's power failed him? No, it is strongly drawn. Has his
+inspiration? What does it mean? Is it indeed meant? As I gaze and pore
+on it longer, I seem to see that it is just in this blank negation that
+its strength and its suggestion lie. It is meant. It has meaning. A
+blast has passed over this place, and this is its sequel, its derelict
+rubbish.
+
+It is death unredeemed, death with no very positive suggestion, with no
+hint of heroism, none of heroic action, little even of heroic passion;
+just death, helpless, hopeless, pointing to nothing but decomposition,
+decay, disappearance, _aneantissement_, reduction of the fair frame of
+life to nothingness. That is the peculiar horror of this war. Were the
+picture, as it well might be, even more hideous, and did it suggest
+something more definite, a story of struggle, say, recorded in
+contortion, or by wounds and weapons, it might be better.
+
+But men killed by machines, men killed by natural forces unnaturally
+employed, are indeed a fact and a spectacle squalid, sorry, unutterably
+sad.
+
+All wars have been horrible, but modern wars are more in extremes.
+Heroism is there, but not always. It is possible only in patches. There
+is much of the mere sacrifice of numbers. Strictly, there are scenes far
+worse than this, for death unredeemed is not the worst of sufferings or
+of ills. But few are sadder. This is indeed war made by those who hold
+it and will it to be "not a sport, but a science." There is no sport
+here. Men killed like this are like men killed by plague or the eruption
+of a volcano. And, indeed, what else are they? They are victims of a
+diseased humanity of the eruption--literal and metaphorical--of its
+hidden fires. And wars will grow more and more like this. What can stop
+them and banish these scenes? Only the hate of hate, only the love that
+can redeem even such a sight as this when at last we remember that it is
+for love's sake only that flesh and blood are in the last retort content
+to endure it.
+
+                                                        HERBERT WARREN.
+
+[Illustration: THE LAND MINE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"FOR YOUR MOTHERLAND"
+
+England's your Mother! Let your life acclaim
+  Her precious heart's blood flowing in your heart;
+Take ye the thunder of her solemn name
+  Upon your lips with reverence; play your part
+    By word and deed
+    To shield and speed
+The far-flung splendour of her ancient fame.
+
+England's your Mother! Shall not you, her child,
+  Quicken the everlasting fires that glow
+Upon your birthright's altar? England smiled
+  Beside your cradle, trusting you to show,
+    With manhood's might,
+    The undying light
+That points the road her free-born spirits go.
+
+England's your Mother! Man, forget it not
+  Wherever on the wide-wayed earth your fate
+Calls you to labour; whatsoe'er your lot--
+  In service, or in power, in stress or state--
+    Whate'er betide,
+    With humble pride,
+Remember! By your Mother you are great.
+
+England's your Mother! What though dark the day
+  Above the storm-swept frontier that you tread?
+Her vanished children throng the glorious way;
+  A myriad legions of her living dead
+    Those starry trains
+    That shared your pains
+Shall set their crown of light upon your head.
+
+England's your Mother! When the race is run
+  And you are called to leave your life and die,
+Small matter what is lost, so this be won:
+  An after-glow of blessed memory,
+    Gracious and pure,
+    In witness sure
+"England was this man's Mother: he, her son."
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: "MY SON, GO AND FIGHT FOR YOUR MOTHERLAND!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE GERMAN LOAN
+
+The bubble is very nicely balanced, for German "kultur," which is in
+reality but another word for "system" or "organization," rather than
+that which English-speaking people understand by "culture," has built up
+a system of internal credit that shall ensure the correct balance of the
+bubble--for just as long as the militarist policy of Germany can endure
+the strain of war. But money alone is not sufficient for victory; the
+peasant hard put to it to suppress his laugh, and the crowned Germania
+that built up the paper pedestal of the bubble, needed many other things
+to make that pedestal secure; there was needed integrity, and the
+respect of neighbouring nations, and the understanding of other points
+of view beside the doctrine of force, and liberty instead of coercion of
+a whole nation, and many other things that the older civilizations of
+Europe have accepted as parts of their code of life--the things this
+new, upstart Germany has not had time to learn. Thus, with the paper
+credit--and even with the gold reserve of which Germany has boasted, the
+pedestal is but paper. And the winds that blow from the flooded,
+corpse-strewn districts of the Yser, from Artois, from Champagne and the
+Vosges hills and forests, and from the long, long line of Russia's grim
+defences--these winds shall blow it away, leaving a nation bankrupt not
+only in money, but in the power to coerce, in the power to inspire fear,
+and in all those things out of which the Hohenzollern dynasty has built
+up the last empire of force.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: THE GERMAN LOAN
+
+"Don't breathe on the bubble or the whole will collapse."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+EUROPE, 1916
+
+There are some English critics who have not yet considered so simple a
+thing as that the case against horrors must be horrible. In this respect
+alone this publication of the work of the distinguished foreign
+cartoonist is a thing for our attention and enlightenment. It is the
+whole point of the awful experience which has to-day swallowed up all
+our smaller experiences, that we are in any case confronted with the
+abominable; and the most beautiful thing we can hope to show is only an
+abomination of it. Nevertheless, there is horror and horror. The
+distinction between brute exaggeration and artistic emphasis could
+hardly be better studied than in Mr. Raemaekers' cartoon, and the use he
+makes of the very ancient symbol of the wheel. Europe is represented as
+dragged and broken upon the wheel as in the old torture; but the wheel
+is that of a modern cannon, so that the dim background can be filled in
+with the suggestion of a wholly modern machinery. This is a very true
+satire; for there are many scientific persons who seem to be quite
+reconciled to the crushing of humanity by a vague mechanical environment
+in which there are wheels within wheels. But the inner restraint of the
+artist is suggested in the treatment of the torment itself; which is
+suggested by a certain rending drag in the garments, while the limbs are
+limp and the head almost somnolent. She does not strive nor cry; neither
+is her voice heard in the streets. The artist had not to draw pain but
+to draw despair; and while the pain is old enough the particular despair
+is modern. The victim racked for a creed could at least cry "I am
+converted." But here even the terms of surrender are unknowable; and she
+can only ask "Am I civilized?"
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: EUROPE, 1916
+
+"Am I not yet sufficiently civilized?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE NEXT TO BE KICKED OUT--DUMBA'S MASTER
+
+Uncle Sam is no longer the simple New England farmer of a century ago.
+He is rich beyond calculation. His family is more numerous than that of
+any European country save Russia. His interests are world-wide, his
+trade tremendous, his industry complex, his finance fabulous. Above all,
+his family is no longer of one race. The hatreds of Europe are not
+echoed in his house; they are shared and reverberate through his
+corridors. It is difficult, then, for him to take the simple views of
+right and wrong, of justice and humanity, that he took a century ago. He
+is tempted to balance a hundred sophistries against the principles of
+freedom and good faith that yet burn strongly within him. He is driven
+to temporize with the evil thing he hates, because he fears, if he does
+not, that his household will be split, and thus the greater evil befall
+him. But those that personify the evil may goad him once too often.
+Dumba the lesser criminal--as also the less dexterous--has betrayed
+himself and is expelled. When will Bernstorff's turn come? That it will
+come, indeed _must_ come, is self-evident. The artist sees things too
+clearly as they are not to see also what they will be. He therefore
+skips the ignoble interlude of prevarication, quibble, and intrigue, and
+gives us Uncle Sam happy at last in his recovered simplicity. So we see
+him here, enjoying himself, as only a white man can, in a wholehearted
+spurning of lies, cruelty, and murder.
+
+Note that Bernstorff--the victim of a gesture "fortunately rare amongst
+gentlemen"--is already in full flight through the air, while Uncle Sam's
+left foot has still fifteen inches to travel. The promise of an added
+velocity indicates that the flight of the unmasked diplomatist will be
+far. The sketched vista of descending steps gives us the satisfaction of
+knowing that the drop at the end will be deep. Every muscle of our
+sinewy relative is tense, limp, and projectile--the mouthpiece of
+Prussia goes to his inevitable end. There is no need of a sequel to show
+him shattered and crumpled at the bottom of the stairway.
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: THE NEXT TO BE KICKED OUT--DUMBA'S MASTER]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE FRIENDLY VISITOR
+
+Raemaekers is never false, and he never works for effect alone. That is
+what makes him so terrible to the people he criticises, and so
+effective.
+
+When he wants to depict the sturdy Dutch soul he draws a sturdy Dutch
+Body--ready to defend her home. No flags, no highfalutin, no symbolical
+figure posed for show; just cleanliness, determination, and good sense
+facing bestiality and oppression.
+
+The figure that stands for the Freedom of the Home opposed to the figure
+that stands for the Freedom of the Seas.
+
+Many an Englishman might take this picture to heart.
+
+                                                  H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.
+
+[Illustration: THE FRIENDLY VISITOR
+
+THE GERMAN: "I come as a friend."
+
+HOLLAND: "Oh, yes. I've heard that from my Belgian sister."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"TO YOUR HEALTH, CIVILIZATION!"
+
+This terrible cartoon points its own lesson so forcibly that its effect
+is more likely to be weakened than strengthened by any verbal comment.
+Death quaffs a goblet of human blood to the health of Civilization.
+Death has never enjoyed such a carnival of slaughter before, and it is
+Civilization that has made the holocaust possible. The comparatively
+simple methods of killing employed by barbarians could not have
+destroyed so many lives; nor could barbarian states have raised such
+huge armies. The artist makes us feel that such a war as this is an act
+of moral madness, a disgrace to our common humanity. It is true that
+some of the nations engaged are guiltless, and others almost guiltless;
+but there is a solidarity of European civilization which obliges us all
+to share the shame and sorrow of this monstrous crime. Universal war is
+the _reductio ad absurdum_ of false political theories and false moral
+ideals; and the _reductio ad absurdum_ is the chief argument which
+Providence uses with mankind. Perhaps it is the only argument which
+mankind in the mass can understand.
+
+                                                THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.
+
+[Illustration: "TO YOUR HEALTH, CIVILIZATION!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+FOX TIRPITZ PREACHING TO THE GEESE
+
+There is nothing more pathetic in some ways to-day than the position of
+the small neutral countries in Europe, and especially those which
+directly adjoin Germany. And there is nothing more galling than the
+inability of the Allies to give them any help. For the hour they are
+absolutely at the mercy of Germany, or would be, if she had any, and
+they know it. They are certainly liable and exposed to all her flouts
+and cuffs and to any displays of bad temper or bullying or terrorism it
+may please her to exercise. And none perhaps is worse off in this
+respect than Holland. It suits Germany to be fairly civil to
+Switzerland, who could give her a good deal of trouble by joining France
+and Italy; and no doubt it suits her too to some extent to consider
+Denmark, for Denmark commands the entrance to the Baltic; and, further,
+Germany does not wish to bring all Scandinavia down upon herself just at
+present. That can wait; but Holland is in the worst plight of all. She
+has the terrible spectacle of Belgium, ruined and ravaged, just on the
+other side of the way. And she has a very considerable and valuable
+mercantile marine.
+
+The great and good Germany cannot be troubled to distinguish between
+Dutch and other boats, and if occasionally a Dutch ship is captured or
+sent to the bottom, it is a useful reminder of what she might do to her
+"poor relation" if she really let herself go. Fighting for the freedom
+of the seas! Holland has fought for them herself. Holland has a great
+naval tradition. She knows quite well what England has been and is. She
+knows too, and can see, how her sons and brothers in South Africa were
+treated by the British in England's last war, and how they regard
+England and Germany now.
+
+Raemaekers' cartoon is very skilful. If we had not seen it done, we
+should not have believed it possible to produce at once so clever a
+likeness of Von Tirpitz and so excellent an old fox. But the goose is by
+no means a foolish bird, though its wisdom may sometimes be shown in
+knowing its own weakness. It was they, and not the watchdogs, that saved
+the Capitol. In old days it was the custom to call the Germans the "High
+Dutch" and the inhabitants of Holland the "Low Dutch." It was a
+geographical distinction. The contrast in moral elevation is the other
+way.
+
+                                                        HERBERT WARREN.
+
+[Illustration: FOX TIRPITZ PREACHING TO THE GEESE
+
+"You see, my little Dutch geese, I am fighting for the freedom of the
+seas." (The Germans illegally captured several Dutch ships.)]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE PRISONERS
+
+A Vile feature of German "frightfulness" is this: that she mixes poison
+with her prisoners' rations. Not content with starving their bodies, she
+hides truth from them and floods their minds with lies. Those in
+command--officers, educated men, claiming the service of their soldiers
+and civil guard and the respect of their nation--deliberately hash a
+daily meal of falsehood and serve up German victories and triumphs on
+land and sea as sauce to the starvation diet of their defenceless
+captives.
+
+In the earlier months of the war, while yet the spiritual slough into
+which Germany had sunk was unguessed, and the mixture of child and devil
+exemplified by "frightfulness" continued unfathomed, these daily lies
+undoubtedly answered their cowardly purpose, cast down the spirit of
+thousands, and added another pang to their captivity. But our armies
+know better now, and those diminishing numbers likely to be taken
+prisoner in the future see the end more clearly than the foe can. Lies
+will be met with laughter henceforth, for our enemies have put
+themselves beyond the pale. They may starve and insult our bodies; but
+their power to poison our brains has passed from them forever. We know
+them at last. They have spun a web of barbed villainy between their
+souls and ours; and the evil committed for one foul purpose alone--to
+terrify free men and break the spirit of the sons of liberty--has
+produced results far different and created a situation more terrible for
+them than for their outraged enemies.
+
+For in this matter of misrepresentation and lying, born of Prussia and
+by her spoon-fed pack of martinets, professors, and Churchmen, mingled
+with Germany's daily bread for a generation, it is she and not we who
+will reap the whirlwind of that sowing; it is she and not we who must
+soon pant and tear the breast in the pangs of the poison.
+
+Between the mad and the sane there can be only one victor; and when the
+time comes, may Germany's robe of repentance be a strait-waistcoat of
+the Allies' choosing. For she has drunk deep of the poison, and those
+who anticipate a speedy cure will be as mad as she. When the escaped
+tigress is back in her cage, men look to the bars, for none wants a
+second mauling.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: THE PRISONERS]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+IT'S UNBELIEVABLE
+
+I am not sure that in this cartoon of Raemaekers the most pleasing
+detail is not the servant's right eye. You will observe in that
+servant's right eye an expression familiar in those who overhear this
+sort of comment upon the peculiar bestialities of the Prussian in
+Belgium and Poland, this extenuation of his baseness. When the war was
+young the opportunity for giving that glance was commoner than it is
+now. There were many even in a belligerent country who would tell you in
+superior fashion how foolishly exaggerated were the so-called
+"atrocities." The greater number of such men (and women) talked of "two
+Germanies"--one the nice Germany they knew and loved so well, and the
+other apparently nasty Germany which raped, burned, stole, broke faith,
+tortured, and the rest. Their number has diminished. But there is a
+little lingering trace of the sort of thing still to be discovered: men
+and women who hope against hope that the Prussian will really prove good
+at heart after all. And it is usually just after some expression of the
+kind that the most appalling news arrives with a terrible irony to
+punctuate their folly. It reminds one a little of the man in the story
+who was sure that he could tame a wild cat, and was in the act of
+recording its virtues when it flew in his face. To an impartial observer
+who cared nothing for our sufferings or the enemy's vices, there would
+be something enormously comic in the vision of these few remaining (for
+there are still some few remaining) that approach the wild beast with
+soothing words and receive as their only reward a very large bomb
+through the roof of their house, or the news that some one dear to them
+has been murdered on the high seas. But to those actively suffering in
+the struggle the comic element is difficult to seize, and it is replaced
+by indignation. This fantastic misconception of the thing that is being
+fought is bound to be burned right out by the realities of the enemy
+acts in belligerent countries. It will be similarly destroyed--and that
+in no very great space of time--in all neutral countries as well.
+Prussia will have it so. She is allowing no moral defence to remain for
+her future. It is almost as though the men now directing her affairs
+lent ear carefully to every word spoken in praise of them abroad, and
+met it at once by the tremendous denial of example. It is almost as
+though the Prussian felt it a sort of personal insult to receive the
+praise of dupes and fools, and perhaps it is.
+
+                                                        HILAIRE BELLOC.
+
+[Illustration: IT'S UNBELIEVABLE
+
+DUTCH OFFICER: "How can they have soiled their hands by such
+atrocities?"
+
+SHE: "Can they have done it, my dear? German officers are
+so nice."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+KREUZLAND, KREUZLAND UeBER ALLES
+
+This war has produced examples of every kind of misery which human
+beings can inflict upon each other, except one. Europe has mercifully
+been spared long sieges of populous towns, ending in the surrender of
+the starving population. But many towns and villages have been burnt;
+and masses of refugees have fled before the invader, knowing too well
+the brutal treatment which they had to expect if they remained. Very
+many of the unhappy Belgians have taken refuge in Holland; a
+considerable number have found an asylum in this country. They are
+homeless and ruined; if the war were to end to-morrow, many of them
+would not know where to go or how to live. Families have been broken up;
+husbands and wives, parents and children, are ignorant of each other's
+fate. In this picture we see a crowd of children, herded together like a
+flock of sheep, with nobody to take care of them. Their _via dolorosa_
+is marked by long rows of crosses on either side, emblems of suffering,
+death, and sacrifice. In the distance rise the smoke and flames from one
+of the innumerable incendiary fires which the Germans, like the cruel
+banditti of the Middle Ages, have kindled wherever they go.
+
+                                                THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.
+
+[Illustration: KREUZLAND, KREUZLAND UeBER ALLES
+
+BELGIUM, 1914: "Where are our fathers?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE EX-CONVICT
+
+Prussia in every war has betrayed that peculiar mark of barbarism
+consisting in using the intellectual weapons of a superior, but not
+knowing how to use them. It is still a matter of mystery to the
+directing Prussian mind why the sinking of the _Lusitania_ should have
+shocked the world. A submarine cannot take a prize into port. The
+_Lusitania_ happened to be importing goods available in war, therefore
+the _Lusitania_ must be sunk. All the penumbrae of further consideration
+which the civilized man weighs escape this sort of logic. Similarly, the
+Prussian argues, if an armed man is prepared to surrender, convention
+decrees that his life should be spared. Therefore, if an armed man be
+just fresh from the murder of a number of children, he has but to cry
+"Kamerad" to be perfectly safe. And Prussia foams at the mouth with
+indignation whenever this strict rule of conduct is forgotten in the
+heat of the moment. The use of poison in the field which Prussia for the
+first time employed (and reluctantly compelled her civilized opponents
+to reply to) is in the same boat. A shell bursts because solid explosive
+becomes gaseous. To use shell which in bursting wounds and kills men is
+to use gas in war; therefore if one uses gas in the other form of
+poison, disabling one's opponent with agony, it is all one. Precisely
+the same barbaric use of logic--which reminds one of the antics of an
+animal imitating human gestures--will later apply to the poisoning of
+water supplies, or the spreading of an epidemic. It is soldierly and
+excites no contempt or indignation to strike at your enemy with a sword
+or shoot a pellet of lead at him in such a fashion that he dies. What is
+all this foolish pother about killing him with bacilli in his cisterns
+or with a drop of poison in his tea? Men in war have burned groups of
+houses with the torch in anger or for revenge. Why distinguish between
+that and the methodical sprinkling of petroleum from a hose by one gang
+and the equally methodical burning of the whole town house by house with
+little capsules of prepared incendiary stuff? The rule always
+applies--but only against the opponent: never to one's self. From that
+attitude of mind the Prussian will never emerge. We shall, please God,
+see that mood in all its beauty in later stages of the war, when the
+coercion of the Prussian upon his own soil leads to acts indefensible by
+Prussian logic. We have already had a taste of this sort of reasoning
+when the royalties fled from Karlsruhe and when the murderers upon the
+sinking Zeppelin received the reward due to men who boast that they will
+not keep faith.
+
+                                                        HILAIRE BELLOC.
+
+[Illustration: THE EX-CONVICT
+
+"I was a 'lifer,' but they found I had many abilities for bringing
+civilization amongst our neighbours, so now I am a soldier."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MISS CAVELL
+
+Most of the English caricaturists are much too complimentary to the
+German Emperor. They draw his moustaches, but not his face. Now his
+moustaches are exactly what he, or the whole Prussian school he
+represents, particularly wishes us to look at. They give him the fierce
+air of a fighting cock; and however little we may like fierceness, there
+will always be a certain residual respect for fighting, even in a cock.
+Now the Junker moustache is a fake; almost as much so as if it were
+stuck on with gum. It is, as Mr. Belloc has remarked, curled in a
+machine all night lest it should hang down. Raemaekers, in the sketch
+which shows the Kaiser as waiting for Nurse Cavell's death to say, "Now
+you can bring me the American protest," has gone behind the moustache to
+the face, and behind the face to the type and the spirit. The Emperor is
+not commanding in a lordly voice from a throne, but with a leer and
+behind a curtain. In the few lines of the lean, unnatural face is
+written the real history of the Hohenzollerns, the kind of history not
+often touched on in our comfortable English humour, but common to the
+realism of Continental art: the madness of Frederick William, the
+perversion of Frederick the Great, the hint, mingled with subtler
+talents, of the mere idiocy that seems to have flowered again in the
+last heir of that inhuman house. The Hohenzollerns have varied from
+generation to generation in many things and like many families; some of
+them have been tyrants, some of them geniuses, some of them merely
+boobies; but they have shared in something more than that hereditary
+policy which has been the poison in Christendom for two hundred years.
+There is a ghost who inhabits these perishing tenements, and in such a
+picture as this of Raemaekers men can see it looking out of the eyes.
+And it is neither the spirit of a tyrant nor of a booby; but the spirit
+of a sly invalid.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: MISS CAVELL
+
+WILLIAM: "Now you can bring me the American protest."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE HOSTAGES
+
+Ay', boy--you may well ask.
+
+And the world asks also, and in due time will exact an answer to the
+last drop of innocent blood.
+
+What have you done?
+
+You have fallen into the hands of the most scientifically organized
+barbarism the world has ever seen, or, please God, ever will see--to
+whom, of deliberate choice, such words as truth, honour, mercy, justice,
+have become dead letters, by reason of the pernicious doctrines on which
+the race has been nourished--by which its very soul has been poisoned.
+
+Dead letters?--worn-out rags, the very virtues they once represented,
+even in Germany, long since flung to the dust-heaps of the past in the
+soulless scramble for power and a place in the sun which no one denied
+her.
+
+Deliberately, and of malice prepense, the military caste of Prussia has
+taught, and the unhappy common-folk have accepted, that as a nation they
+are past all that kind of thing. There is only one right in the
+world--the might of the strongest. The weak to the wall! Make way for
+the Hun, whose god is power, and his high-priests the Kaiser and the
+Krupps.
+
+And so, every nation, even the smallest, on whom the eye of the Minotaur
+has settled in baleful desire, has said, "Better to die fighting than
+fall into the hands of the devil!" And they have fought--valiantly, and
+saved their souls alive, though their bodies may have been crushed out
+of existence by overwhelming odds. As nations, however, they shall rise
+again, and with honour, when their treacherous torturers have been
+crushed in their turn.
+
+And, wherever the evil tide has welled over a land, indemnities,
+incredible and unreasonable, have been exacted, and hostages for their
+payment, and for good behaviour under the yoke meanwhile, have been
+taken.
+
+Woe unto such! In many cases they have simply been shot in cold
+blood--murdered as brazenly as by any Jack-the-Ripper. Murder, too, of
+the most despicable--murder for gain--the gain that should accrue
+through the brutal terrorism of the act and its effect on the rest.
+
+And, if deemed advisable to gloss the crime with some thin veneer of
+imitation justice for the--unsuccessful--hoodwinking of a shocked and
+astounded world, what easier than an unseen shot in some obscure corner
+from a German rifle? Then--"Death to the hostages!--destruction to the
+village!--a fine of L100,000 on the town!"
+
+Those provocative shots from German rifles have surely been the most
+profitably engineered basenesses in the whole war. They have
+justified--but in German eyes only--every committable crime, and they
+cost nothing--except the souls of their perpetrators.
+
+"It's your money we want--and your land--and your property--and, if
+necessary, your lives! You are weak--we are strong--and so----!" That is
+the simple Credo of the Hun.
+
+But for all these things there shall come a day of reckoning and the
+account will be a heavy one.
+
+May it be exacted to the full--from the rightful debtors!
+
+"What have you done?" You have at all events put the rope round the
+necks of your murderers, and the whole world's hands are at the other
+end of it.
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: THE HOSTAGES
+
+"Father, what have we done?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+KING ALBERT'S ANSWER TO THE POPE
+
+The war has been singularly barren of heroic figures, perhaps because
+the magnitude of the events has called forth such a multitude of
+individually heroic acts that no one can be placed before the rest; yet,
+when this greatest phase of history comes to be written down with
+historic perspective, one figure--that of King Albert of Belgium--will
+stand as that of a twentieth-century Bayard, a great knight without fear
+and without reproach.
+
+Action on such far-flung lines as those of the European conflict has
+called for no great leaders in the sense in which that phrase has
+applied to previous wars; no Napoleon has arisen, though William
+Hohenzollern has aspired to Napoleonic dignity; war has become more
+mechanical, more a matter of mathematics--and the barbarians of Germany
+have made it more horrible. But, as if to accentuate German brutality
+and crime, this figure of King Albert stands emblematic of the virtues
+in which civilization is rooted; to the broken word of Germany it
+opposes untarnished honour; to the treacherous spirit of Germany it
+opposes inviolable truth; to the relentless selfishness of Germany it
+opposes the vicarious sacrifice of self, of a whole country and nation
+for the sake of a principle. And, in later days, men will remember how
+this truly great king held steadfastly to the little portion of his
+kingdom that the invasion left him; how he remained to inspirit his men
+by noble example, stubbornly rejecting peace without honour, and
+holding, when all else was wrecked, to the remnants of that army which
+saved Europe in the gateway of Liege. Amid violation, desecration, and
+destruction, Albert of Belgium has won imperishable fame.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: KING ALBERT'S ANSWER TO THE POPE
+
+"With him who broke his word, devastated my country, burned my villages,
+destroyed my towns, desecrated my churches, and murdered my people, I
+will not make peace before he is expelled from my country and punished
+for his crimes."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE GAS FIEND
+
+There is an order of minds that intuitively distrusts Science, detracts
+from the force of her achievements, and contends that devotion to
+machinery ends by making men machines. Many who argue thus have fastened
+on Germany's new war inventions as proof that Science makes for
+materialism and opposes the higher values of humanity and culture.
+
+This is special pleading, for against the destructive forces discovered
+and liberated by German chemists in this war, one has only to consider
+the vast amelioration of human life for which modern science has to be
+thanked. Because art has been created to evil purpose, shall we condemn
+pictures or statues? Because the Germans have employed gas poisons in
+warfare, are we to condemn the incalculable gifts of organic chemistry?
+
+Look at the eye of Louis Raemaekers' snake. That is the answer. It is
+the force behind this application of it that has brought German Science
+to shame. A precious branch of human knowledge has been prostituted by
+lust of blood and greed of gain until Science, in common with all
+learning, comes simply to be regarded by the masters of Germany as one
+more weapon in the armoury, one more power to help win "The Day." Every
+culture is treated in their alembic for the same purpose.
+
+We may picture the series of experiments that went to perfection of
+their poison gas; we may see their Higher Command watching the death of
+guinea-pig, rabbit, and ape with increasing excitement and enthusiasm as
+the hideous effects of their discovery became apparent. Be sure an iron
+cross quickly hung over the iron heart that conceived and developed this
+filthy arm; for does it not offer the essence--quintessence of all
+"frightfulness?" Does it not challenge every human nerve-centre by its
+horror? Does it not, once proclaimed, by anticipation awake those very
+emotions of dread and dismay that make the stroke more fatal when it
+falls?
+
+These people pictured their snake paralyzing the enemy into frozen
+impotence; the floundering Prussian psychology that cuts blocks with a
+razor and regards German mind as the measure of all mind, anticipated
+that poison gas would appeal to British and French as it has appealed to
+them. But it was not so. Their foresight gave them an initial success in
+the field; it slew a handful of men with additions of unspeakable
+agony--and rekindled the execration and contempt of Civilization.
+
+As an arm, poison gas cannot be considered conspicuously successful,
+since it is easily encountered; but for the Allies it had some value,
+since it weighted appreciably the scale against Germany in neutral minds
+and added to the universal loathing astir at the heart of the world.
+Only fear now holds any kingdom neutral: there is not an impartial
+nation left on earth.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: THE GAS FIEND]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE GERMAN TANGO
+
+A blond woman, wearing the Imperial crown and with her hair braided in
+pigtails like a German _backfisch_, is whirling in the tango with a
+skeleton partner. Her face is livid with terror and fatigue, her limbs
+are drooping, but she is held by inexorable bony claws. On the feet of
+the skeleton are dancing pumps, a touch which adds to the grimness. This
+ghoulish dance does not lack its element of ghastly ceremonial.
+
+The Dance of Death has long been the theme of the moralist in art, from
+Orcagna's fresco on the walls of the Campo Santo at Pisa to Holbein's
+great woodcuts and our own Rowlandson. In Germany especially have these
+_macabre_ imaginings flourished. The phantasmagoria of decay has haunted
+German art, as it haunted Poe, from Duerer to Boecklin. But the mediaeval
+Dance of Death was stately allegory, showing the pageant of life brooded
+over by the shadow of mortality. In M. Raemaekers' cartoon there is no
+dignity, no lofty resignation. He shows Death summoned in a mad caprice
+and kept as companion till the revel becomes a whirling horror.
+
+It is the profoundest symbol of the war. In a hot fit of racial pride
+Death has been welcomed as an ally. And the dance on which Germany
+enters is no stately minuet with something of tragic dignity in it. It
+is a common modern vulgar shuffle, a thing of ugly gestures and violent
+motions, the true sport of degenerates. Once begun there is no halting.
+From East to West and from West to East the dancers move. There is no
+rest, for Death is a pitiless comrade. From such a partner, lightly and
+arrogantly summoned, there can be no parting. The traveller seeks a
+goal, but the dancers move blindly and aimlessly among the points of the
+compass. Death, when called to the dance, claims eternal possession.
+
+                                                           JOHN BUCHAN.
+
+[Illustration: THE GERMAN TANGO
+
+"From East to West and West to East I dance with thee!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE ZEPPELIN TRIUMPH
+
+When the future historian gives to another age his account of all that
+is included in German "frightfulness," there is no feature upon which he
+will dilate more emphatically than the extraordinary use made by the
+enemy of their Zeppelin fleet. In the experience we have gained in the
+last few months we discover that the Zeppelins are not employed--or, at
+all events, not mainly employed--for military purposes, but in order to
+shake the nerves of the non-combatant population. The history of the
+last few Zeppelin raids in England is quite sufficient testimony to this
+fact. London is bombarded, although it is an open city, and a large
+amount of damage is done to buildings wholly unconnected with the
+purposes of the war. The persons who are killed are not soldiers, they
+are civilians; the buildings destroyed are not munition works, but
+dwelling-houses, and some of the points of attack are theatres.
+
+The same thing has happened in the provinces. In the last raid over the
+Midlands railway stations were destroyed, some breweries were injured,
+but, with exceedingly few exceptions, munition works and factories for
+the production of arms were untouched. Here again the victims are not
+either soldiers or sailors, or even workmen employed in turning out
+instruments of war, but peaceable citizens and a large proportion of
+women and children.
+
+Some such act of brutality is illustrated in the accompanying cartoon. A
+private house has been attacked, the mother has been killed, the father
+and child are left desolate. The little daughter at her father's knee,
+who cannot understand why guiltless people should suffer, asks the
+importunate question whether her mother had done anything wrong to
+deserve so terrible a fate. To the childish mind it seems
+incomprehensible that aimless and indiscriminate murder should fall on
+the guiltless.
+
+Indeed the mother had done no wrong. She only happened to belong to one
+of the nations who are struggling against a barbaric tyranny. In that
+reckless crusade which the Central Powers are waging against all the
+higher laws of morality and civilization, some of the heaviest of the
+blows fall on the defenceless. It is this appalling inhumanity, this
+godless desire to maim and wound and kill, which nerves the arms of the
+Allies, who know that in a case like this they are fighting for freedom
+and for the Divine laws of mercy and loving-kindness.
+
+And it is for the young especially that the war is being waged, young
+boys and young girls like the motherless child in the picture, in order
+that they may inherit a Europe which shall be free from the horrible
+burden of German militarism, and be able to live useful lives in peace
+and quietness. No, little girl, mother did no wrong! But _we_ should be
+guilty of the deepest wrong if we did not avenge her death and that of
+other similar victims by making such unparalleled crimes impossible
+hereafter.
+
+                                                        W. L. COURTNEY.
+
+[Illustration: THE ZEPPELIN TRIUMPH
+
+"But Mother had done nothing wrong, had she, Daddy?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+KEEPING OUT THE ENEMY
+
+The Prussian turns everything to account, from the scrapings of the
+pig-trough to the Austrian Emperor.
+
+The Bavarian lists, the Saxon lists, the Austrian lists--these are all
+only indications of injuries to the Prussian's life-saving waistcoat. If
+this war is to be a war to the last penny and the last man, the last
+Austrian will die before the last Saxon, the last Saxon before the last
+Bavarian, the last Bavarian before the last Prussian--and the last
+Prussian will not die: he will live to clutch at the last penny.
+
+And the pity of it is that the Austrian is quite a good fellow, the
+Saxon is a decent sort of man, the Bavarian is chiefly a brute in drink,
+whilst the Prussian--we all know what the Prussian is, the black centre
+of hardness, the incarnation of the shady trick, and the very complex
+soul of mechanical efficiency.
+
+The Hohenzollern here makes a sandbag of the Hapsburg, of whom Fate has
+already made a football.
+
+Fate has always been behind the Hapsburg for his own sins and those of
+his house. She has made him kneel at last.
+
+                                                  H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.
+
+[Illustration: "You see how I manage to keep the enemy out of _my_
+country!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE GERMAN OFFER
+
+The German claim--not the Austrian nor the Turk, for the alliance
+following Germany is to be allowed little force--is that, the
+civilization of Europe now being defeated, a Roman pride may be generous
+to the fallen. Before modern Germany is routed, as may be seen in the
+features of its citizens, the nobility of its public works, and the
+admirable, restrained, and classic sense of its literature, this
+generosity to a humbled world will take the form of letting nations, of
+right independent, enjoy some measure of freedom under a German
+suzerainty. In the matter of property the magnanimous descendants of
+Frederick and William the Great will restore the machines which cannot
+be wrenched from their concrete beds, and the walls of the
+manufactories. More liquid property, such as jewellery, furniture,
+pictures--and coin--it will be more difficult to trace. In any case,
+Europe may breathe again, though with a shorter breath than it did
+before Germany conquered at the Marne.... This is the majestic vision
+which the subtle diplomats of Berlin present to the admiration of the
+neutral Powers, happily free from wicked passions of war, and not
+blinded, as are the British, French, Russians, Italians, Belgians, and
+the Serbians, by petty spite. Their audience, their triple audience, is
+part of Greece, some of the public of Spain, and sections of that of the
+United States. To the French and the British armies in the West, to the
+Russians in the East, and to the Italians upon their frontiers, the
+terms appear insufficient. Therein would seem to lie the gravity of
+Prussia's case. These belligerent Powers will go so far as to demand
+more than the mere restoration of stolen property, from cottage
+furniture to freedom. And their anger has risen so high that they even
+propose to make the acquirer of these goods suffer very bitterly indeed.
+What plea he will then raise under discomforts more serious than those
+he has caused to the peasants of Flanders and of Poland, and how those
+pleas will affect his neutral audience, will have no effect whatever on
+the result of the war, or on his own unpleasing fate. Those appeals will
+have a certain interest, however, because we know from the past that the
+German mind is unstable. Within fifteen short months it proposed the
+annihilation of the French armies and the occupation of Paris. It
+failed. It next offered terms upon suffering defeat. It withdrew them.
+It next made certain at least of a conquest of Russia, failed again,
+offered terms again, withdrew them again; was directed to the blockading
+of England, failed; thought Egypt better, and then changed its mind. It
+was but yesterday in the mood that this cartoon suggests; to-morrow its
+mood will have utterly changed again, probably to a whine, perhaps to a
+scream. Such instability is rare in the history of nations which purpose
+a conquest of others, and it is a very poor furniture for the mind.
+
+                                                        HILAIRE BELLOC.
+
+[Illustration: THE GERMAN: "If you will let me keep what I have, I will
+let _you_ go."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE WOLF TRAP
+
+The wolf is not perhaps the beast by which one would most wish one's
+country to be represented. But the wolf, like every animal when
+defending its dearest, and when assailed with treachery, has its
+nobility. And the Roman she-wolf certainly has had in all ages her
+dignity and her force.
+
+"Thy nurse will hear no master,
+  Thy nurse will bear no load,
+And woe to them that spear her,
+  And woe to them that goad.
+When all the pack loud baying
+  Her bloody lair surrounds,
+She dies in silence biting hard
+  Amidst the dying hounds."
+
+Italy certainly calls not only for our sympathy, but for our admiration.
+She has had a very difficult course to steer. The ally for so long of
+Germany and Austria, if owing them less and less as time went on, it was
+difficult for her to break with them. But the day came when she had to
+break with them, and once again "act for herself." She told them a year
+ago she would be a party to no aggressive or selfish war, she would be
+no bully's accomplice. She "denounced"--it is a good word--such a
+compact. _Non haec in foedera veni._
+
+Then it was, when the she-wolf showed her teeth, that they offered to
+give her what was her own. But what would the Trentino be worth if
+Germany and Austria were victorious? No, the wolf is right, "she must
+fight for it," and behind Austria's underhanded treachery stands
+Germany's open violence and guns.
+
+And Italy loves freedom. This war is a war made by her people. As of old
+her King and her diplomats go with them in this new _Resorgimento_. And
+the she-wolf must beware the trap. She needs the spirit again not only
+of her people and of Garibaldi and of Victor Emmanuel, but of Cavour.
+And she has it.
+
+The cartoon suggests all the elements of the situation. The wolf ponders
+with turned head, half doubtful, half desperate. The poor little cub
+whimpers pitifully. The hunters dissemble their craft, the trap waits in
+the path ready to spring. It is not even concealed. Is that the irony of
+the artist, or is it only due to the necessity of making his meaning
+plain? Whichever it is, it is justified.
+
+HERBERT WARREN.
+
+[Illustration: THE WOLF TRAP
+
+"You would make me believe that I shall have my cub given back to me,
+but I know I shall have to fight for it."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+AHASUERUS II.
+
+The legend of the Wandering Jew obsessed the imagination of the Middle
+Age. The tale, which an Armenian bishop first told at the Abbey of St.
+Albans, concerned a doorkeeper in the house of Pontius Pilate--or, as
+some say, a shoemaker in Jerusalem--who insulted Christ on His way to
+Calvary. He was told by Our Lord, "I will rest, but thou shalt go on
+till the Last Day." Christendom saw the strange figure in many
+places--at Hamburg and Leipsic and Lubeck, at Moscow and Madrid, even at
+far Bagdad. Goodwives in the little mediaeval cities, hastening homeward
+against the rising storm, saw a bent figure posting through the snow,
+with haggard face and burning eyes, carrying his load of penal
+immortality, and seeking in vain for "easeful death." There is a
+profound metaphysic in such popular fancies. Good and evil are alike
+eternal. Arthur and Charlemagne and Ogier the Dane are only sleeping and
+will yet return to save their peoples; and the Wandering Jew staggers
+blindly through the ages, seeking the rest which he denied to his Lord.
+
+In George Meredith's "Odes in Contribution to the Song of French
+History" there is a famous passage on Napoleon. France, disillusioned at
+last,
+
+  "Perceives him fast to a harsher Tyrant bound;
+  Self-ridden, self-hunted, captive of his aim;
+  Material gradeur's ape, the Infernal's hound."
+
+That is the penalty of mortal presumption. The Superman who would
+shatter the homely decencies of mankind and set his foot on the world's
+neck is himself bound captive. He is the slave of the djinn whom he has
+called from the unclean deeps. There can be no end to his quest.
+Weariness does not bring peace, for the whips of the Furies are in his
+own heart.
+
+The Wandering Jew of the Middle Age was a figure sympathetically
+conceived. He had still to pay the price in his tortured body, but his
+soul was at rest, for he had repented his folly. Raemaekers in his
+cartoon follows the conception of Gustave Dore rather than that of the
+old fabulists. The modern Ahasuerus has no surety of an eventual peace.
+We have seen the German War Lord flitting hungrily from Lorraine to
+Poland, from Flanders to Nish, watching the failure of his troops before
+Nancy and Ypres, inditing grandiose proclamations to Europe, prophesying
+a peace which never comes. He is a figure worthy of Greek tragedy. The
+[Greek: hubris] which defied the gods has put him outside the homely
+consolations of mankind. He has devoted his people to the Dance of
+Death, and himself, like some new Orestes, can find no solace though he
+seek it wearily in the four corners of the world.
+
+                                                           JOHN BUCHAN.
+
+[Illustration: AHASUERUS RETURNS
+
+"Once I drove the Christ out of my door, now I am doomed to walk from
+the Northern Seas to the Southern, from the Western shores to the
+Eastern mountains, asking for Peace, and none will give it to me."--From
+the Legend of the "Wandering Jew"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+OUR CANDID FRIEND
+
+The position of Holland and Denmark is one of excruciating anxiety to
+the citizens of those countries. They know that the Allies are fighting
+the battle of their own political existence, but they are so hypnotized
+with well-founded terror of the implacable tyrant on their flank that
+they are not only bound to neutrality, but are afraid to express their
+sympathies too plainly. Dutch editors have been admonished and punished
+under pressure from Berlin; the brilliant artist of these cartoons is in
+danger on his native soil. A leading German newspaper has lately
+announced that "we will make Holland pay with interest for these insults
+after the war." A German victory would inevitably be followed in a few
+years by the disappearance from the map of this gallant and interesting
+little nation, our plucky rival in time past, our honoured friend
+to-day. No nation has established a stronger claim to maintain its
+independence, whether we consider the heroic and successful struggles of
+the Dutch for religious and political liberty, their triumphs in
+discovery, colonization, and naval warfare, their unique contributions
+to art, or the manly and vigorous character of their people. It is
+needless to say that we have no designs upon any Dutch colony!
+
+                                                THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.
+
+[Illustration: OUR CANDID FRIEND
+
+GERMANY, TO HOLLAND: "I shall have to swallow you up, if only to prevent
+those English taking your colonies."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PEACE AND INTERVENTION
+
+Here is pictured a grim fact that the Peace cranks would do well to see
+plainly. The surgeon who is operating on a cancer case cannot allow
+himself to be satisfied with merely the removal of the visible growth
+which is causing such present agony to the patient. He must cut and cut
+deep, must go beyond even the visible roots of the disease, slice down
+into the clear, firm flesh to make sure and doubly sure that he has cut
+away the last fragment of the tainted tissues. Only by doing so can he
+reasonably hope to prevent a recurrence of the disease and the necessity
+of another operation in the years to come. And so only by carrying on
+this war until the last and least possibility of the taint of militarism
+remaining in the German system is removed can the Allies be satisfied
+that their task is complete. Modern surgery has through anaesthetics
+taken away from a patient the physical pain of most operations, but
+modern War affords no relief during its operation. That, however, can be
+held as no excuse for refusing to "use the knife." What would be said of
+the surgeon who, because an operation--a life-saving operation--was
+causing at the time even the utmost agony, stayed his hand, patched up
+the wound, was content only to stop the momentary pain, and to leave
+firm-rooted a disease which in all human probability would some time
+later break out again in all its virulence? What would be said of such a
+surgeon is only in lesser degree what would be said by posterity of the
+Allies if they consented or were persuaded to apply the bandage and
+healing herbs of Peace to the disease of Militarism, to make a surface
+cure and leave the living tentacles of the disease to grow again deep
+and strong. But here at least the doctors do not disagree. Once and for
+all the Ally surgeons mean to make an end to Militarism. The sooner the
+Peace cranks and Germany realize that the sooner the operation will be
+over.
+
+                                                            BOYD CABLE.
+
+[Illustration: PEACE AND INTERVENTION--GERMAN MILITARISM ON THE
+OPERATING-TABLE
+
+"For the sake of the world's future we must first use the knife."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD
+
+If you wish to see the position of Holland look at the map of Europe as
+it was before August 4, 1914, and the map of Europe as it is to-day.
+
+In 1914 Holland lay overshadowed by the vast upper jaw-bone of a
+monster--Prussia--a jaw-bone reaching from the Dollart to
+Aix-la-Chapelle.
+
+In August and September, 1914, Prussia, by the seizure of Belgium,
+developed a lower jaw-bone reaching from Aix-la-Chapelle to Cassandria
+on the West Schelde. To-day Holland lies gripped between these two
+formidable mandibles that are ready and waiting to close and crush her.
+For years and years Prussia has been waiting to devour Holland. Why? For
+the simple reason that Holland is rich in the one essential thing that
+Prussia lacks--coast-line.
+
+Look again at the map and see how Holland and Belgium together
+absolutely wall Prussia in from the sea. Belgium has been taken on by
+Prussia; if we do not tear that lower jaw from Prussia, Holland will be
+lost, and the sea-power of England threatened with destruction.
+
+The ruffian with the automatic pistol waiting behind the tree requires
+the life as well as the basket of the little figure advancing toward
+him.
+
+He has been in ambush for forty years.
+
+                                                  H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.
+
+[Illustration: LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD
+
+Germany lying in wait for Holland.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE SEA MINE
+
+When Raemaekers pictures Von Tirpitz to us, he does so with savage
+scorn. He is not the hard-bitten pirate of story--but a senile,
+crapulous, lachrymose imbecile; an object of derision. He fits more with
+one of Jacob's tales of longshore soakers, than with the tragedies that
+have made him infamous. But when he draws Von Tirpitz's victims, the
+touch is one of almost harrowing tenderness. The Hun is a master of many
+modes of killing, but however torn, or twisted, or tortured he leaves
+the murdered, Raemaekers can make the dreadful spectacle bearable by the
+piercing dignity with which he portrays the dead. In none of these
+cartoons is his _saeva indignatio_ rendered with more sheer beauty of
+design, or with a craftsmanship more exquisite, than in this monument to
+the sea-mined prey. The symbolism is perfect, and of the essence of the
+design. The dead sink slowly to their resting-place, but the merciful
+twilight of the sea veils from us the glazed horror of the eyes that no
+piety can now close. Even the dumb, senseless fish shoots from the scene
+in mute and terrified protest, while from these poor corpses there rise
+surfaceward the silver bubbles of their expiring breath. One seems to
+see crying human souls prisoned in these spheres. And it is, indeed,
+such sins as these that cry to Heaven for vengeance. Blood-guiltiness
+must rest upon the heads of those that do them, upon the heads of their
+children--aye, and of their children's children too. This exquisite and
+tender drawing is something more than the record of inexpiable crime. It
+is a prophecy. And the prophecy is a curse.
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: THE SEA MINE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"SEDUCTION"
+
+The cartoon in which the Prussian is depicted as saying to his bound and
+gagged victim, "Ain't I a lovable fellow?" is one of the most pointed
+and vital of all pictorial, or indeed other, criticisms on the war. It
+is very important to note that German savagery has not interfered at all
+with German sentimentalism. The blood of the victim and the tears of the
+victor flow together in an unpleasing stream. The effect on a normal
+mind of reading some of the things the Germans say, side by side with
+some of the things they do, is an impression that can quite truly be
+conveyed only in the violent paradox of the actual picture. It is
+exactly like being tortured by a man with an ugly face, which we slowly
+realize to be contorted in an attempt at an affectionate expression. In
+those soliloquies of self-praise which have constituted almost the whole
+of Prussia's defence in the international controversy, the brigand of
+the Belgian annexation has incessantly said that his apparent hardness
+is the necessary accompaniment of his inherent strength. Nietzsche said:
+"I give you a new commandment: Be hard." And the Prussian says: "I am
+hard," in a prompt and respectful manner. But, as a matter of fact, he
+is not hard; he is only heavy. He is not indifferent to all feelings; he
+is only indifferent to everybody else's feelings. At the thought of his
+own virtues he is always ready to burst into tears. His smiles, however,
+are even more frequent and more fatuous than his tears; and they are all
+leers like that which Mr. Raemaekers has drawn on the face of the
+expansive Prussian officer in the arm-chair. Compared with such an
+exhibition, there is something relatively virile about the tiger cruelty
+which has occasionally defaced the record of the Spaniard or the Arab.
+But to be conquered by such Germans as these would be like being eaten
+by slugs.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: SEDUCTION
+
+"Ain't I a lovable fellow?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MURDER ON THE HIGH SEAS
+
+The recent descent of so many of her citizens from the people now
+warring in Europe has of necessity prevented America from looking on
+events in Europe with a single eye. But the predominant American type
+and the predominant American frame of mind are still typified by the
+lithe and sinuous figure of the New England pioneer. It is his tradition
+to mind his own business, but it is also his business to see that none
+of the old monarchies make free with his rights or with his people. And
+he stands for a race that has been cradled in wars with savages. No one
+knows better the methods of the Apache and the Mohawk, and when women
+and children fall into such pitiless hands as these, it goes against the
+grain with Uncle Sam to keep his hands off them, even if the women and
+children are not his own. He would like to be indifferent if he could.
+He would prefer to smoke his cigar, and pass along, and believe those
+who tell him that it is none of his affair. But when he does look--and
+he cannot help looking--he sees a figure of such heavy bestiality that
+his gorge rises. He must keep his hands clenched in his pockets lest he
+soils them in striking down the blood-stained gnome before him.
+
+Can he restrain himself for good? That angry glint in his eye would make
+one doubt it. Here, surely, the artist sees with a truer vision than the
+politician. And if Uncle Sam's anger does once get the better of him, if
+doubts and hesitations are ever thrust on one side, if he takes his
+stand where his record and his sympathies must make him wish to be, then
+let it be noted that this base butcher stands dazed and paralyzed by the
+threat.
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: MURDER ON THE HIGH SEAS
+
+"Well, have you nearly done?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+AD FINEM
+
+Ay--to your end!--to your end amid the execrations of a ravaged world!
+Through all the ages one other only has equalled you in the betrayal of
+his trust. May your sin come home to you before you go, as did his! May
+his despair be yours! It is most desperately to be regretted that no
+personal suffering on your part, in this life at all events, can ever
+adequately requite you for the desolations you have wrought.
+
+      Outrage on outrage thunders to the sky
+      The tale of thy stupendous infamy,--
+      Thy slaughterings,--thy treacheries,--thy thefts,--
+      Thy broken pacts,--thy honour in the mire,--
+      Thy poor humanity cast off to sate thy pride;--
+      'Twere better thou hadst never lived,--or died
+      Ere come to this.
+
+  I heard a great Voice pealing through the heavens,
+    A Voice that dwarfed earth's thunders to a moan:--
+
+      Woe! Woe! Woe, to him by whom this came!
+      His house shall unto him be desolate
+      And, to the end of time, his name shall be
+      A by-word and reproach in all the lands
+      He repined.... And his own shall curse him
+      For the ruin that he brought.
+      Who without reason draws the sword--
+      By sword shall perish!
+      The Lord hath said ... _So be it, Lord!_
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: TO THE END
+
+WAR AND HUNGER: "Now you must accompany us to the end."
+
+THE KAISER: "Yes, to my end."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"U'S"
+
+It is the essence of great cartooning to see things simply, and to
+command the technical resources that shall show the things, so simply
+seen, in an infinite variety of aspects. No series of Raemaekers'
+drawing better exemplifies his quality in both these respects than those
+which deal with Germany's sea crimes.
+
+In the cartoon before us the immediate message is of the simplest. The
+Kaiser counts the head of British merchantmen sunk. Von Tirpitz counts
+the cost. But note the subtlety of the personation and environment. The
+Kaiser has those terrible haunted eyes that have marked the seer's
+presentment of him from quite an early stage of the war. There can be no
+ultimate escape from the dreadful vision that has set the seal of
+despair on this fine and handsome visage. He is shown, not as a sea
+monster, but as some rabid, evasive, impatient thing, dashing from point
+to point--as from policy to policy--with the angry swish that tells the
+unspoken anger failure everywhere compels. For the victories do not
+bring surrender, nor does frightfulness inspire terror. The merchant
+ships still put to sea--and the U boats pay the penalty.
+
+The futility of this campaign of murder is typified by making Von
+Tirpitz, its inventor, an addle-headed seahorse, the nursery comedian of
+the sea. Stupid and ridiculous bewilderment stares from his foolish
+eyes. Another submarine has failed to find a safe victim in a trading
+ship, but has been hoisted with its own sea petard. The impotence of the
+thing!
+
+This conference of the Admirals of the Atlantic, held in the sombre
+depths, is a biting satire, in its mingled comedy and tragedy, on the
+effort to win command of the sea from its bottom.
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: "U'S"
+
+HIS MAJESTY: "Well, Tripitz, you've sunk a great many?"
+
+TIRPITZ: "Yes, sire, here is another 'U' coming down."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MATER DOLOROSA
+
+    You thought to grasp the world; but you shall keep
+    Its crown of curses nailed upon your brow.
+    You that have fouled the purple, broke your vow,
+    And sowed the wind of death, the whirlwind you shall reap.
+
+    Shout to your tribal god to bless the blood
+    Of this red vintage on the poisoned earth;
+    Clash cymbals to him, leap and shout in mirth;
+    Call on his name to stay the coming, cleansing flood.
+
+    We are no hounds of heaven, nor ravening band
+    Of earthly wolves to tear your kingdom down.
+    We stand for human reason; at our frown
+    The coward sword shall fall from your accursed hand.
+
+    We do not speak of vengeance; there shall run
+    No little children's blood beneath our heel.
+    No pregnant woman suffers from our steel;
+    But Justice we shall do, as sure as set of sun.
+
+    Or short, or long, the pathway of your feet,
+    Stamped on the faces of the innocent dead,
+    Must lead where tyrant's road hath ever led.
+    Alone, O perjured soul, your Justice you shall meet.
+
+    No sacrifice the balance of her scale
+    Can win; no gift of blood and iron can weigh
+    Against this one mad mother's agony:
+    In her demented cry a myriad women wail.
+
+    The equinox of outraged earth shall blaze
+    And flash its levin on your infamous might.
+    Man cries to fellow-man; light leaps to light,
+    Till foundered, naked, spent, you vanish from our gaze.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: MATER DOLOROSA]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"GOTT STRAFE ITALIEN!"
+
+When Italy, still straining at the leash which held her, helpless, to
+the strange and unnatural Triplice, began to show signs of awakening
+consciousness, Germany's efforts to lull her back to the unhappy
+position of silent partner in the world-crime were characteristic of her
+methods. Forthwith Italy was loaded with compliments. The country was
+overrun with "diplomats," which is another name in Germany for spies.
+Bribery of the most brazen sort was attempted. The newspapers recalled
+in chorus that Italy was the land of art and chivalry, of song and
+heroism, of fabled story and manly effort, of honour and loyalty. Hark
+to the _Hamburger Fremdenblatt_ of February 21, 1915:
+
+"The suggestion is made that Italy favours the Allies. Preposterous!
+Even though the palsied hand of England--filled with robber gold--be
+held out to her, Italy's vows, Italy's sense of obligation, Italy's
+_word once given_, can never be broken. Such a nation of noblemen could
+have no dealings with hucksters."
+
+Germany is, indeed, a fine judge of a nation's "word once given" and a
+nation's "vows," which its Chancellor unblushingly declared to be mere
+scraps of paper. Now let us see what the _Hamburger Nachrichten_ had to
+say about Italy immediately after her secession from the Triple
+Alliance: "_Nachrichten_, June 1, 1915. That Italy should have joined
+hands with the other noble gentlemen, our enemies, is but natural. It
+would, of course, be absurd--where all are brigands--were the classical
+name of brigandage not included in the number.... We do not propose to
+soil our clean steel with the blood of such filthy Italian scum. With
+our cudgels we shall smash them into pulp."
+
+_"Gott strafe Italien"_ indeed! Bombs on St. Mark's in Venice, on the
+Square of Verona, on world treasures unreplaceable. The poisoned breath
+of Germany carries its venom into the land of sunshine and song, whose
+best day's work in history has been to wrest itself free from the grip
+of the false friend.
+
+                                                   RALPH D. BLUMENFELD.
+
+[Illustration: "GOTT STRAFE ITALIEN!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SERBIA
+
+Serbia has suffered the fate of Belgium. Germany and Austria, with
+Bulgaria's aid, have plunged another little country "in blood and
+destruction." Another "bleeding piece of earth" bears witness to the
+recrudescence of the ancient barbarism of the Huns. Serbia's wounds,
+
+    "Like dumb mouths,
+    Do ope their ruby lips,"
+
+to beg for vengeance on "these butchers." Turkey, whom the artist
+portrays as a hound lapping up the victim's blood, is fated to share the
+punishment for the crime. But the prime instigator is the German
+Emperor, whose Chancellor, with bitter irony, claims for his master the
+title of protector of the small nationalities of Europe. Herr von
+Bethmann-Hollweg can on occasion affect the mincing accents of the wolf
+when that beast seeks to lull the cries of the lamb in its clutches. The
+German method of waging war has rendered "dreadful objects so familiar"
+that the essential brutality of the enemy's activities runs a risk of
+escaping at times the strenuous denunciation which Justice demands. But
+the searching pencil of Mr. Raemaekers brings home to every seeing eye
+the true and unvarying character of Teutonic "frightfulness." All
+instincts of humanity are cynically defied on the specious ground of
+military necessity. Mr. Raemaekers is at one with Milton in repudiating
+the worthless plea:
+
+    "So spake the fiend, and with necessity,
+    The tyrant's plea, excused his devilish deeds."
+
+                                                        SIR SIDNEY LEE.
+
+[Illustration: OCTOBER IN SERBIA
+
+The Austro-German-Bulgarian attack on Serbia began in October, which in
+Holland is called the "butcher's month," as the cattle are then killed
+preparatory to the winter.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+JUST A MOMENT--I'M COMING
+
+Here is a drawing that ought to be circulated broadcast throughout
+Australia and New Zealand, that ought to hold a place of honour on the
+walls of their public chambers; should hang in gilded frames in the
+houses of the rich; be pinned to the rough walls of frame-house and bark
+humpy in every corner of "The Outback." It should thrill the heart of
+every man, woman, and child Down Under with pride and thankfulness and
+satisfaction, should even bring soothing balm to the wounds of those who
+in the loss of their nearest and dearest have paid the highest and the
+deepest price for the flaming glory of the Anzacs in Gallipoli.
+
+Here in the artist's pencil is a monument to those heroes greater than
+pinnacles of marble, of beaten brass and carven stone; a monument that
+has travelled over the world, has spoken to posterity more clearly, more
+convincingly, and more rememberingly than ever written or word-of-mouth
+speech could do. It is to the everlasting honour of the people of the
+Anzacs that they refrained from echoing the idle tales which ran
+whispering in England that the Dardanelles campaign was a cruel blunder,
+that the blood of the Anzacs' bravest and best had been uselessly spilt,
+that their splendid young lives had been an empty sacrifice to the
+demons of Incompetence and Inefficiency. To those in Australia who in
+their hearts may feel that shreds of truth were woven in the
+rumours--that the Anzacs were spent on a forlorn hope, were wasted on a
+task foredoomed to failure--let this simple drawing bring the comfort of
+the truth.
+
+The artist has seen deeper and further than most. The Turkish armies
+held from pouring on Russia and Serbia, from thumping down the scales of
+neutrality in Greece and Roumania perhaps, from massing their troops
+with the Central Powers; the Kaiser chained on the East and West for the
+critical months when men and munitions were desperately lacking to the
+Allies, when the extra weight of the Turks might have freed the Kaiser's
+power of fierce attack on East and West this is what we already know,
+what the artist here tells the wide world of the part played by the
+heroes of the Dardanelles. In face of this, who dare hint they suffered
+and died in vain?
+
+                                                            BOYD CABLE.
+
+[Illustration: "JUST A MOMENT--I'M COMING."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE HOLY WAR
+
+Surely the artist when he drew this was endowed with the wisdom of the
+seer, the vision of the prophet. For it was drawn before the days in
+which I write, before the Russian giant had proved his greatness on the
+body of the Turk, before the bludgeon-strokes in the Caucasus, the
+heart-thrust of Erzerum, the torrent of pursuit of the broken Turks to
+Mush and Trebizond.
+
+We know--and I am grateful for the chance to voice our gratitude to
+him--the greatness of our Russian Ally. We remember the early days when
+the Kaiser's hosts were pouring in over France, and the Russian thrust
+into Galicia drew some of the overwhelming weight from the Western
+Front. We realize now the nobility of self-sacrifice that flung an army
+within reach of the jaws of destruction, that risked its annihilation to
+draw upon itself some of the sword-strokes that threatened to pierce to
+the heart of the West. Our national and natural instinct of admiration
+for a hard fighter, and still greater admiration for the apex of good
+sportmanship, for the friend or foe who can "take a licking," who is a
+"good loser," went out even more strongly to Russia in the dark days
+when, faced by an overwhelming weight of metal, she was forced and
+hammered and battered back, losing battle-line after battle-line,
+stronghold after stronghold, city after city; losing everything except
+heart and dogged punishment-enduring courage.
+
+And how great the Russian truly is will surely be known presently to the
+Turk and to the masquerading false "Prophet of Allah."
+
+"No one is great save Allah," says William, and even as the Turk spoke
+more truly than he knew in calling the Russian great, even as he was
+bitterly to realize the greatness, so in the fullness of time must
+William come to realize how great is the Allah of the Moslem, the
+Christian God Whom he has blasphemed, and in Whose name he and his
+people have perpetrated so many crimes and abominations.
+
+                                                            BOYD CABLE.
+
+[Illustration: THE HOLY WAR
+
+THE TURK: "But he is so great."
+
+WILLIAM: "No one is great, save Allah, and I am his prophet."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+GOTT MIT UNS
+
+When we consider the public utterances of the German clergy, we can very
+easily substitute for their symbol of Christian faith this malignant,
+grotesque, and inhuman monster of Louis Raemaekers. Indeed, our
+inclination is to thrust the green demon himself into the pulpit of the
+Fatherland; for his wrinkled skull could hatch and his evil mouth utter
+no more diabolic sentiments than those recorded and applauded from
+Lutheran Leipsic, or from the University and the chief Protestant pulpit
+in Berlin.
+
+Such sermons are a part of that national _debacle_ of reasoning faculty
+which is the price intellectual Germany has paid for the surrender of
+her soul to Prussia.
+
+An example or two may be cited from the outrageous mass.
+
+Professor Rheinhold Seeby, who teaches theology at Berlin University,
+has described his nation's achievements in Belgium and Serbia as a work
+of charity, since Germany punishes other States for their good and out
+of love. Pastor Philippi, also of Berlin, has said that, as God allowed
+His only Son to be crucified, that His scheme of redemption might be
+accomplished, so Germany, God with her, must crucify humanity in order
+that its ultimate salvation may be secured; and the Teutonic nation has
+been chosen to perform this task, because Germany alone is pure and,
+therefore, a fitting instrument for the Divine Hand. Satan, who has
+returned to earth in the shape of England, must be utterly destroyed,
+while the immoral friends and allies of Satan are called to share his
+fate. Thus evil will be swept off the earth and the German Empire
+henceforth stand supreme protector of the new kingdom of righteousness.
+Pastor Zoebel has ordered no compromise with hell; directed his flock to
+be pleased at the sufferings of the enemy; and bade them rejoice when
+thousands of the non-elect are sent to the bottom of the sea.
+
+Yes, we will give the green devil his robe and bands until Germany is in
+her strait-jacket; after which experience, her conceptions of a Supreme
+Being and her own relation thereto may become modified.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: "GOTT MIT UNS"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM
+
+This deeply pathetic picture evokes the memory of many sad and patient
+faces which we have seen during the last eighteen months. It is the
+women, after all--wives, mothers, sisters, and daughters--who have the
+heaviest load to bear in war-time.
+
+The courage and heroism which they have shown are an honour to human
+nature. The world is richer for it; and the sacrifices which they have
+bravely faced and nobly borne may have a greater effect in convincing
+mankind of the wickedness and folly of aggressive militarism than all
+the eloquence of peace advocates.
+
+We must not forget that the war has made about six German widows for
+every one in our country. With these we have no quarrel; we know that
+family affection is strong in Germany, and we are sorry for them. They,
+like our own suffering women, are the victims of a barbarous ideal of
+national glory, and a worse than barbarous perversion of patriotism,
+which in our opponents has become a kind of moral insanity.
+
+These pictures will remain long after the war-passion has subsided. They
+will do their part in preventing a recrudescence of it. Who that has
+ever clamoured for war can face the unspoken reproach in these pitiful
+eyes? Who can think unmoved of the happy romance of wedded love, so
+early and so sadly terminated?
+
+                                                THE DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S.
+
+[Illustration: THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE HARVEST IS RIPE
+
+The artist spreads before you a view such as you would have on the great
+wheat-growing plains of Hungary, or on the level plateau of Asiatic
+Turkey--the vast, unending, monotonous, undivided field of corn. In the
+background the view is interrupted by two villages from which great
+clouds of flame and smoke are rising--they are both on fire--and as you
+look closer at the harvest you see that, instead of wheat, it consists
+of endless regiments of marching soldiers.
+
+"The harvest is plentiful, but the labourers are few": here is only one,
+but he is quite sufficient--"the reaper whose name is Death," a skeleton
+over whose bones the peasant's dress--a shirt and a pair of ragged
+trousers--hangs loose. The shirt-sleeves of the skeleton are turned well
+up, as if for more active exertion, as he grasps the two holds of the
+huge scythe with which he is sweeping down the harvest.
+
+This is not war of the old type, with its opportunities for chivalry,
+its glories, and its pride of manly strength. The German development of
+war has made it into a mere exercise in killing, a business of
+slaughter. Which side can kill most, and itself outlast the other? When
+one reads the calculations by which careful statisticians demonstrate
+that in the first seventeen months of the war Germany alone lost over a
+million of men killed in battle, one feels that this cartoon is not
+exaggerated. It is the bare truth.
+
+The ease with which the giant figure of Death mows down the harvest of
+tiny men corresponds, in fact, to the million of German dead, probably
+as many among the Russians, to which must be added the losses among the
+Austrians, the French, the British, the Belgians, Italians, Serbs,
+Turks, and Montenegrins. The appalling total is this vast harvest which
+covers the plain.
+
+                                               WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.
+
+[Illustration: THE HARVEST IS RIPE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"UNMASKED"
+
+The "Yellow Book," it may be remembered, was the official publication of
+some of the details of atrocities committed by the Huns on the
+defenceless women and children of ravished Belgium. It told in cold and
+unimpassioned sentences, in plain and simple words more terrible than
+the most fervid outpourings of patriot or humanitarian, the tale of
+brutalities, of cold-blooded crimes, of murders and rape and mental and
+physical tortures beyond the capabilities or the imaginings of savages,
+possible only in their refinements of cruelty to the civilized apostles
+of Kultur. There are many men in the trenches of the Allies to-day who
+will say that the German soldier is a brave man, that he must be brave
+to advance to the slaughter of the massed attack, to hold to his
+trenches under the horrible punishment of heavy artillery fire.
+
+As a nation we are always ready to admit and to admire physical courage,
+and if Germany had fought a "clean fight," had "played the game,"
+starkly and straightly, against our fighting men, we could--and our
+fighting men especially could, and I believe would--have helped her to
+her feet and shaken hands honestly with her after she was beaten. But
+with such a brute beast as the unmasking of the "Yellow Book" has
+revealed Germany to be we can never feel friendship, admiration, or
+respect.
+
+The German is a "dirty fighter," and to the British soldier that alone
+puts him beyond the pale. He has outraged all the rules and the
+instincts of chivalry. His bravery in battle is the bravery of a
+ravening wolf, of a blood-drunk savage animal. It is only left to the
+Allies to treat him as such, to thrash him by brute force, and then to
+clip his teeth and talons and by treaty and agreement amongst themselves
+to keep him chained and caged beyond the possibility of another
+outbreak.
+
+                                                            BOYD CABLE.
+
+[Illustration: UNMASKED
+
+The Yellow Book.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE GREAT SURPRISE
+
+In the note to another picture I have remarked on the farcical hypocrisy
+of the German Emperor in presenting himself, as he so often does, as the
+High Priest of several different religions at the same time. They are
+nearly all of them religions with which he would have no sort of
+concern, even if his religious pose were as real as it is artificial.
+
+Being in fact the ruler and representative of a country which alone
+among European countries builds with complete security upon the
+conviction that all Christianity is dead, he can only be, even in
+theory, the prince of an extreme Protestant State. Long before the War
+it was common for the best caricaturists of Europe, and even of Germany,
+to make particular fun of these preposterous temporary Papacies in which
+the Kaiser parades himself as if for a fancy-dress ball; and in the
+accompanying picture Mr. Raemaekers has returned more or less to this
+old pantomimic line of satire.
+
+The cartoon recalls some of those more good-humoured, but perhaps
+equally contemptuous, sketches in which the draughtsmen of the French
+comic papers used to take a particular delight; which made a whole comic
+Bible out of the Kaiser's adventures during his visit to Palestine. Here
+he appears as Moses, and the Red Sea has been dried up to permit the
+passage of himself and his people.
+
+It would certainly be very satisfactory for German world-politics if the
+sea could be dried up everywhere; but it is unlikely that the incident
+will occur, especially in that neighbourhood. It will be long before a
+German army is as safe in the Suez Canal as a German Navy in the Kiel
+Canal; and the higher critics of Germany will have no difficulty in
+proving, in the Kiel Canal at all events, that the safety is due to
+human and not to divine wisdom.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT SURPRISE
+
+Moses II leads his chosen people through the Red Sea to the promised
+(Eng)land.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THOU ART THE MAN!
+
+The Man of Sorrows is flogged, and thorn-crowned, and crucified, and
+pierced afresh, by this other man of sorrows, who has brought greater
+bitterness and woe on earth than any other of all time. And in his
+soul--for soul he must have, though small sign of it is evidenced--he
+knows it. Deceive his dupes as he may--for a time--his own soul must be
+a very hell of broken hopes, disappointed ambitions, shattered pride,
+and the hideous knowledge of the holocaust of human life he has
+deliberately sacrificed to these heathen gods of his. No poorest man on
+earth would change places with this man-that-might-have-been, for his
+time draws nigh and his end is perdition.
+
+    Let That Other speak:
+
+        "Their souls are Mine.
+        Their lives were in thy hand;--
+        Of thee I do require them!
+
+        "The fetor of thy grim burnt-offerings
+        Comes up to Me in clouds of bitterness.
+        Thy fell undoings crucify afresh
+        Thy Lord--who died alike for these and thee.
+        Thy works are Death:--thy spear is in My side,--
+        O man! O man!--was it for this I died?
+        Was it for this?--
+          A valiant people harried to the void,--
+          Their fruitful fields a burnt-out wilderness,--
+          Their prosperous country ravelled into waste,--
+          Their smiling land a vast red sepulchre,--
+                                    --Thy work!
+
+        "Thou art the man! The scales were in thy hand.
+        For this vast wrong I hold thy soul in fee.
+        Seek not a scapegoat for thy righteous due,
+        Nor hope to void thy countability.
+        Until thou purge thy pride and turn to Me,--
+        As thou hast done, so be it unto thee!"
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: THOU ART THE MAN
+
+"We wage war on Divine principles."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SYMPATHY
+
+The cartoon requires no words to tell the story. It holds chapter upon
+chapter of tragedy. "I will send you to Germany after your father!"
+Where is the boy's father in Germany? In a prison? Mending roads? Lying
+maimed and broken in a rude hospital? Digging graves for comrades about
+to be shot? Or, more likely still, in a rough unknown stranger's grave?
+Was the father dragged from his home at Louvain, or Tirlemont, or Vise,
+or one of the dozen other scenes of outrage and murder--a harmless,
+hard-working citizen-dragged from his hiding-place and made to suffer
+"exemplary justice" for having "opposed the Kaiser's might," but in
+reality because he was a Belgian, for whose nasty breed there must be
+demonstrations of Germany's frightfulness _pour encourager les autres_?
+
+And the child's mother and sisters--what of them? He is dejected, but
+not broken. There is dignity in the boy's defiant pose. The scene has,
+perhaps, been enacted hundreds of times in the cities of Belgium, where
+poignant grief has come to a nation which dared to be itself.
+
+Follow this boy through life and observe the stamp of deep resolve on
+his character. Though he be sent "to Germany after your father," though
+he be for a generation under the German jack-boot, his spirit will
+sustain him against the conqueror and will triumph in the end.
+
+                                                   RALPH D. BLUMENFELD.
+
+[Illustration: SYMPATHY
+
+"If I find you again looking so sad, I'll send you to Germany after your
+father."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE REFUGEES
+
+The wonder is not that women went mad, but that there are left any sane
+civilians of the ravished districts of Belgium after all those infamies
+perpetrated under orders by the German troops after the first
+infuriating check of Liege and before the final turning of the German
+line at the battle of the Marne. We have supped full of horrors since,
+and by an insensible process grown something callous. But we never came
+near to realizing the Belgian agony, and Raemaekers does us service by
+helping to make us see it mirrored in the eyes of this poor raving girl.
+This indeed is a later incident, but will serve for reminder of the
+earlier worse.
+
+It is really _not_ well to forget. These were not the inevitable horrors
+of war, but a deliberately calculated effect. There seems no hope of the
+future of European civilization till the men responsible for such things
+are brought to realize that, to put it crudely and at its lowest, they
+don't pay.
+
+What the attitude of Germany now is may be guessed from the blank
+refusal even of her bishops to sanction the investigation which Cardinal
+Mercier asks for. It is still the gentle wolf's theory that the
+truculent lamb was entirely to blame.
+
+                                                          JOSEPH THORP.
+
+[Illustration: THE REFUGEES FROM GHEEL
+
+Gheel has a model asylum for the insane. On the fall of Antwerp the
+inmates were conveyed across the frontier. The cartoon illustrates an
+incident where a woman, while wheeling a lunatic, herself developed
+insanity from the scenes she witnessed.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"THE JUNKER"
+
+There were few things that Junkerdom feared so much in modern Germany as
+the growth and effects of Socialism; and it is certain that the possible
+attitude of the German Socialists--who were thought by some writers to
+number somewhere in the neighbourhood of two million--in regard to the
+War at its outset greatly exercised the minds of Junkerdom and the
+Chancellor. A few days after the declaration of War a well-known English
+Socialist said to us, "I believe that the Socialists will be strong
+enough greatly to handicap Germany in the carrying on of the War, and
+possibly, if she meets with reverses in the early stages, to bring about
+Peace before Christmas."
+
+That was in August, 1914, and we are now well on in the Spring of 1916.
+We reminded the speaker that on a previous occasion, when Peace still
+hung in the balance, he had declared with equal conviction that there
+would be no War because "the Socialists are now too strong in Germany
+not to exercise a preponderating restraining influence." He has proved
+wrong in both opinions. And one can well imagine that the Junker class
+admires Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg for the astute manner in which
+he has succeeded in shepherding the German Socialist sheep for the
+slaughter, and in muzzling their representatives in the Reichstag.
+
+                                                         CLIVE HOLLAND.
+
+[Illustration: THE JUNKER
+
+"What I have most admired in you, Bethmann, is that you have made
+Socialists our best supporters."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"MILIEU DE FANTOMES TRISTES ET SANS NOMBRE"
+
+There is something daunting, even to the mind of one not guilty of war
+or of massacres, in the thought of multitudes: the multitude of the
+dead, of the living, of one generation of men since there have been men
+on earth. And war brings this horror to us daily, or rather nightly,
+because such great companies of men have suddenly died together, passing
+in comradeship and community from the known to the unknown. Yet dare we
+say "together?" The unparalleled solitariness and singleness of death is
+not altered by the general and simultaneous doom of battle.
+
+And it is with the multitude, and all the _ones_ in it, that the maker
+of war is in unconscious relation. He does not know their names, he does
+not know them by any kind of distinction, he knows them only by
+thousands. Yet every one with a separate life and separate death is in
+conscious relation with _him_, knows him for the tyrant who has taken
+his youth, his hope, his love, his fatherhood.
+
+What a multitude to meet, whether in thought, in conscience, or in
+another world! We all, no doubt, try to make the thought of massacre
+less intolerable to our minds by telling ourselves that the sufferers
+suffer one by one, to each his own share, and not another's; that though
+the numbers may appeal, they do not make each man's part more terrible.
+But this is not much comfort. There is not, it is true, a sum of
+multiplication; but there is the sum of addition. And that addition--the
+multitude man by man--the War Lord has to reckon with: Frederick the
+Great with his men, Napoleon with his, the German Emperor with his--each
+one of the innumerable unknown knowing his destroyer.
+
+                                                         ALICE MEYNELL.
+
+[Illustration: "Mais quand la voix de Dieu l'appela il se voyait seul
+sur la terre au milieu de fantomes tristes et sans nombre."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+BLUEBEARD'S CHAMBER
+
+The Committee of Enquiry, like another Portia, clothed in the
+ermine-trimmed robe of Justice and the Law, has unlocked with the key of
+Truth the door of the closed chamber. The key lies behind her inscribed
+in Dutch with the name that tells its nature. The Committee then pulls
+back the curtain, and reveals the horrors that are behind it. Before the
+curtain is fully drawn back, Enquiry sinks almost in collapse at the
+terrible sight that is disclosed. There hang to pegs on the wall the
+bodies of Bluebeard's victims, a woman, an old man, a priest, two boys,
+and a girl still half hidden behind the curtain. The blood that has
+trickled from them coagulates in pools on the ground.
+
+Bluebeard himself comes suddenly: he hurries down the steps brandishing
+his curved sword, a big, burly figure, with square, thick beard, and
+streaming whiskers, wearing a Prussian helmet, his mouth open to utter a
+roar of rage and fury. The hatred and scorn with which the artist
+inspires his pictures of Prussia are inexhaustible in their variety:
+Prussia is barbarism attempting to trample on law and education,
+brutality beating down humanity, a grim figure, the incarnation of
+"frightfulness." I can imagine the feelings with which all Germans must
+regard the picture that the Dutch artist always gives of their country,
+if they regard Prussia as their country. "For every cartoon of
+Raemaekers," said a German newspaper, "the payment will be exacted in
+full, when the reckoning is made up." To this painter the Prussian
+ruling power is incapable of understanding what nobility of nature
+means. He can practise on and take advantage of the vices and weaknesses
+of his enemies; he can buy the services of many among them, and have all
+the worser people in his fee as his servants and agents; but he is
+always foiled, because he forgets that some men cannot be bought, and
+that these men will steel their fellow-countrymen's minds to resist
+tyranny to the last. The mass of men can be led either to evil or to
+good.
+
+The Prussian military system assumes the former as certain, and is well
+skilled in the way. But there is the latter way, too, which Prussia
+never knew and never takes into account as a possibility; and men as a
+whole prefer the way to good before the way to evil, when both are fully
+explained and made clear. This saves men, and ruins Prussia.
+
+                                               WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.
+
+[Illustration: BLUEBEARD'S CHAMBER
+
+The horrors perpetrated by the Germans were brought to light by the
+Belgian Committee of Enquiry.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE RAID
+
+The seaman of history is a chivalrous and romantic figure, a gallant and
+relentless fighter, a generous and a tender conqueror. In Codrington's
+first letter to his wife after the battle of Trafalgar, he tells her to
+send L100 to one of the French captains who goes to England from the
+battle as a prisoner of war. The British and French navies cherish a
+hundred memories of acts like these. If the German navy survives the war
+what memories will it have? It must search the gaols for the exemplars
+in peace of the acts that win them the Iron Cross in war.
+
+Note in this drawing that the types selected are not in themselves base
+units of humanity. They have been made so by the beastly crimes superior
+orders have forced them to commit. But even this has not brought them so
+low but they wonder at the topsy-turvydom of war that brings them honour
+where poor Black Mary only got her deserts in gaol.
+
+The crimes of the higher command have passed in Germany uncondemned and
+unbanned by cardinals and bishops. But the conscience of Germany cannot
+be wholly dead. Nor will six years only be the term of Germany's
+humiliation and remorse. The spotless white of the naval uniform,
+sullied and besmirched by those savage cruelties, cannot, any more than
+the German soul, be brought back "whiter than snow" by any bestowal of
+the Iron Cross. The effort to cleanse either would "the multitudinous
+seas incarnadine."
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: THE RAID
+
+"Do you remember Black Mary of Hamburg?"
+
+"Aye, well."
+
+"She got six years for killing a child, whilst we get the Iron Cross for
+killing twenty at Hartlepool."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+BETTER A LIVING DOG THAN A DEAD LION
+
+Here is the grim choice of alternatives presented to other nations by
+the creed of _Deutschland ueber Alles_--the cost of resistance and the
+reward of submission. On one side lies the man who has fought a good
+fight "for Freedom." He has lost his life but won an immortal memory
+inscribed upon the cross. The other has saved his life, and lo! it is a
+"dog's life." He is not even a well-treated dog. Harnessed, muzzled,
+chained, he crawls abjectly on hands and knees and drags painfully along
+the road, not only the cart, but his heavy master too.
+
+In the Netherlands and other parts of the Continent, where dogs are used
+to pull little carts, the owner generally pulls too; it is a partnership
+in which the dog is treated as a friend and visibly enjoys doing his
+share. Partnership with Germany is another matter. The dog does all the
+work, the German takes his ease with his great feet planted on the
+submissive creature's back.
+
+The belligerent nations have made their choice. Germany's partners have
+chosen submission and are playing the dog's part, as they have
+discovered. The Allies on the other side are paying the price of
+resistance in the sacrifice of life for Freedom. And what of the
+neutrals? They are evading the choice under cover of the Allies and
+waxing fat meanwhile. It is not a very heroic attitude and will exclude
+them from any voice in the settlement. But we understand their position,
+and at least they are ready to fight for their own freedom. There are,
+however, individuals who are not ready to fight at all. They call
+themselves conscientious objectors, prate of the law of Christ, and pose
+as idealists. If they followed Christ they would sacrifice their lives
+for others, but they are only concerned for their own skins. Their place
+is in the shafts The true idealist lies beneath the Cross.
+
+                                                       ARTHUR SHADWELL.
+
+[Illustration: BETTER A LIVING DOG THAN A DEAD LION
+
+THE DRIVER: "You are a worthy Dutchman. He who lies there was a foolish
+idealist."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"THE BURDEN OF THE INTOLERABLE DAY"
+
+Most people have wondered from time to time what the Kaiser thinks in
+his inmost heart and in the solitude of his own chamber about the
+condition of Germany and about the War. What impression has been made on
+him by the alternation of victories and failures during the last twenty
+months? After all he has staked everything--he has everything to lose.
+What does he feel? What impression do the frightful losses of his own
+people make on him?
+
+Raemaekers tells in this cartoon. The Kaiser has this moment been
+wakened from sleep by the entrance of a big gorgeously dressed footman,
+carrying his morning tea. The panelling of the royal chamber in the
+palace at Potsdam is faintly indicated. The Kaiser sits up in bed, and a
+look of agony gathers on his face as he realizes that he has wakened up
+to the grim horror of a new day, and that the delightful time which he
+has just been living through was only a dream. He had dreamed that the
+whole thing was not true--that the War had never really occurred, and
+that he could face the world with a conscience clear from guilt; and now
+he has wakened up to bear the burden for another day. It is written in
+his face what he thinks. You see the deep down-drawn lines in the lower
+part of the face, the furrows upon the forehead, and the look almost of
+terror in the eyes. But a smug-faced flunkey offers him a cup of tea
+with buttered toast, and he must come back to the pretence of that
+tragi-comedy, the life of the King-Emperor.
+
+The Dutch artist is fully alive to the comic element which underlies
+that tragedy. The King-Emperor, as he awakes from sleep and sits forward
+from that mountain of pillows, would be a purely comic figure were it
+not for the terrible tragedy written in his face. A footman in brilliant
+livery is a comic figure. The splendour of this livery brings out the
+comic element by its contrast to, and yet its harmony with, the stupid
+self-satisfaction of the countenance and the curls of the powdered hair.
+
+The Kaiser, however, awakens to more than the pretences and shams of
+court life. The vast dreams which he cherished before the War of
+world-conquest and an invincible Germany are fled now, and he must face,
+open-eyed and awake, the stern reality.
+
+                                               WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.
+
+[Illustration: THE AWAKENING
+
+"I had such a delightful dream that the whole thing was not true."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+EAGLE IN HEN-RUN
+
+The Dutchman who could see this cartoon and not admit its simple truth
+would have to be a very blind pro-German. At present time it pays
+Germany to pretend a friendship for Holland, but the premeditated murder
+of Belgium is a plain object-lesson of the sort of friendship and
+agreement that Germany makes with a country and people which stand in
+her way and are too small to withstand her brute force. Can any Dutchman
+doubt what would be Holland's fate if Germany emerged even moderately
+victorious from this war? The German War Staff would give a good deal to
+have the control of Holland and a free passage to the sea from Antwerp.
+They refrain from using force to gain that control only because they
+cannot afford to have a fresh frontier to guard and because it is quite
+useful to have Holland neutral and a forbidden ground and water to the
+Armies and Navies of the Allies, a shield over the heart of Berlin and
+Germany. It would pay the Germans to have Holland with them and openly
+against the Allies, and they would no doubt gladly make an "agreement"
+to that effect; but there is little likelihood of that as long as the
+Dutch can visualize the "agreement" as clearly as the cartoonist has
+done here.
+
+There are many people who for years past have suspected Germany's
+sinister designs on the whole of the Netherlands. The brutal ravaging of
+Belgium, the talk that already runs, openly or in whispers, in Germany
+of "annexation of conquered territories" and "extended borders," tell
+plainly the same tale--that any agreement between a small country and
+Germany means merely the swallowing-up of the small nation, the
+"agreement" of a meal with the swallower-up.
+
+                                                            BOYD CABLE.
+
+[Illustration: THE EAGLE IN THE HEN-RUN
+
+GERMAN EAGLE: "Come along, Dutch chicken, we will easily arrange an
+agreement."
+
+THE CHICKEN: "Yes, in your stomach."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE FUTURE
+
+There can be no doubting of the future. The Allied forces, who in
+Raemaekers' drawing stand for Liberty, are assuredly destined to wring
+the neck of the Prussian eagle, which typifies the tyranny of brute
+force.
+
+    "For freedom's battle, once begun ...
+    Though baffled oft, is ever won."
+
+"There is only one master in this country," the Kaiser has said of
+Germany. "I am he, and I will not tolerate another." He has also told
+his people: "There is only one law--my law; the law which I myself lay
+down." It is supererogatory to dispute either of these imperial
+pronouncements. The Future contents herself with the comment: "Out of
+thine own mouth will I judge thee."
+
+The Kaiser and his counsellors have now translated words into deeds, and
+every instrument of savagery has been since August, 1911, enlisted by
+Tyranny in the attempt to overthrow Liberty. "A thousand years ago," the
+Kaiser once declared to his Army, "the Huns under their king Attila made
+themselves a name which still lives in tradition." The Future replies to
+him that he and his fighting hordes will also live in tradition. They
+will be remembered for their defiance of the conscience of the world,
+which obeys no call but that of Liberty.
+
+                                                            SIDNEY LEE.
+
+[Illustration: L'AVENIR]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+CHRIST OR ODIN?
+
+You cannot well conceive a science, whether it be mathematics, or
+architecture, or philosophy, without its axioms, dogmas, or first
+principles. Without them there is no basis on which to raise the
+superstructure. So it is with the science of religion. Take
+Christianity: if it is to be taught scientifically, it must start with
+the most tremendous dogma, the Divinity of Christ. Either Christ was or
+He was not what He claimed to be. If He was not, you must shout with the
+Sanhedrim: "Crucify Him!" If He was, you must sing with the Church:
+"Come, adore Him." One thing is certain, you cannot be indifferent to
+His claim or to Him; you must either hate Him and His creed, like the
+Prussian warring Superman, or love Him and it, like England's Crusading
+Kings.
+
+The cartoon before us is the finished picture which I can trace from its
+first rough sketch in the hands of Kant, through its different stages of
+development in the schools of Hegel, of Schopenhauer, of Strauss, till
+it was ready for its final touches in the hands of Nietzsche. In fancy I
+see it hung, on the line, in the Prussian picture-gallery under the
+direction of War Lords, whose boasted aim it is that the world shall be
+governed only by Prussian Kultur and Prussian Religion.
+
+The fatal mistake made by the Teutonic race in the past was, we are
+told, the adoption of Roman culture and Roman religion. Germany once
+submitted to an alien God and to an alien creed. She, the mistress of
+the earth, the mightiest of the mighty, and the most Kultured of the
+Kultured, had actually once worshipped "an uncultured peasant Galilean,"
+and made profession of "His slave morality."
+
+Now they had altogether done with Christ, the Nazarene. The shout had
+gone forth: "We will not have this Man to rule over us." In the future
+no gods but Thor and Odin shall rule the "world-dominating race."
+Prussia seemed to think the world's need to-day was the religion not of
+Virtue, but of Valour. "In a day now long fled was heard the cry:
+'Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth,' but to-day
+there shall go forth the word: 'Blessed are the valiant, for they shall
+make the earth their throne.' In the past ye heard it said: 'Blessed are
+the poor in spirit,' but now I say to you: 'Blessed are the great in
+soul, for they shall enter into Valhalla.' Again, in the dark ages it
+was said to you: 'Blessed are the peace-makers,' but now in the blaze of
+day I say unto you: 'Blessed are the war-makers, for they shall be
+called, if not the children of Jahve, the children of Odin, who is
+greater than Jahve.'" For those who want more of this mad jargon on the
+same lines let me refer them to the late Professor Cramb's book on
+Germany and England.
+
+With this cartoon before me, I am driven to fear that when the war is
+done there will rise up in Germany a louder and stronger cry against the
+Christianity of Christ than ever was attempted after the Franco-Prussian
+War. The "man of blood and iron," the man with the mailed fist and the
+iron heel, I much apprehend, will not be satisfied with tearing down the
+emblem of the physical Body of Christ, but to slake his bloodthirsty
+spirit he will want to go on to belabour His Mystical Body no less. God
+avert it!
+
+                                                       BERNARD VAUGHAN.
+
+[Illustration: "I crush whatever resists me."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+FERDINAND
+
+In this war, where the ranks of the enemy present to us so many
+formidable, sinister, and shocking figures, there is one, and perhaps
+but one, which is purely ridiculous. If we had the heart to relieve our
+strained feelings by laughter, it would be at the gross Coburg traitor,
+with his bodyguard of assassins and his hidden coat-of-mail, his shaking
+hands and his painted face. The world has never seen a meaner scoundrel,
+and we may almost bring ourselves to pity the Kaiser, whom circumstances
+have forced to accept on equal terms a potentate so verminous.
+
+But we no longer smile, we are tempted rather to weep, when we think of
+the nation over whom this Ferdinand exercises his disastrous authority.
+Forty years will have expired this spring since the Christian peasants
+of Bulgaria rose in arms against the Turkish oppressor. After a year of
+wild mountain fighting, Russia, with fraternal devotion, came to their
+help, and at San Stefano in March, 1877, the aspirations of Bulgaria
+were satisfied under Russia auspices. Ten years later Ferdinand the
+usurper descended upon Sofia, shielded by the protection of Austria, and
+since then, under his poisonous rule, the honour and spirit of the once
+passionate and romantic Bulgarian nation have faded like a plant in
+poison-fumes.
+
+Raemaekers presents the odious Ferdinand to us in the act of starting
+for the wars--he who faints at the sight of a drawn sword. His hired
+assassins guard him from his own people and from the revenge of the
+thousands whom he has injured. But will they always be able to secure so
+vile a life against the vengeance of history? How soon will Fate
+condescend to crush this painted creature?
+
+                                                          EDMUND GOSSE.
+
+[Illustration: Ferdinand s'en va t'en guerre ne salt s'il reviendra.
+(Old French song adapted.)]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+JUGGERNAUT
+
+Yes, Kultur, the German Juggernaut, has passed this way. There is no
+mistaking the foul track of his chariot-wheels. Kultur is the German
+God. But there is a greater God still. He sees it all. He speaks,--
+
+    "_Was it for this I died?_
+
+    --Black clouds of smoke that veil the sight of heaven;
+    Black piles of stones which yesterday were homes;
+    And raw black heaps which once were villages;
+    Fair towns in ashes, spoiled to suage thy spleen;
+    My temples desecrate, My priests out-cast:--
+    Black ruin everywhere, and red,--a land
+    All swamped with blood, and savaged raw and bare;
+    All sickened with the reek and stench of war,
+    And flung a prey to pestilence and want;
+                                                 --Thy work!
+
+    "_For this?_--
+    --Life's fair white flower of manhood in the dust;
+    Ten thousand thousand hearts made desolate;
+    My troubled world a seething pit of hate;
+    My helpless ones the victims of thy lust;--
+    The broken maids lift hopeless eyes to Me,
+    The little ones lift handless arms to Me,
+    The tortured women lift white lips to Me,
+    The eyes of murdered white-haired sires and dames
+    Stare up at Me. And the sad anguished eyes
+    Of My dumb beasts in agony.
+                                                 --Thy work!"
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: KULTUR HAS PASSED HERE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MICHAEL AND THE MARKS
+
+"The Loan: good for 100 marks!" Look at him! He is the favoured of the
+Earth, lives in Germany, where Kultur is peerless, and education
+complete (even tho' the man may become a martyr of method). War comes!
+and he is seen, as an almond tree in blossom his years tell, when lo! a
+War Loan is raised with real Helfferichian candour, and Michael has just
+stepped out of the Darlehnskasse, at Oberwesel-on-the-Rhine, or other
+seat of Kultur and War Loan finance. Are visions about? said an American
+humorist now gone to the Shades; and Michael, Loan note in hand, eyes
+reversed, after a visit to two or three offices, wants to know, and
+wonders whether this note can be regarded as "hab und gut," and if so,
+good for how much? Is it a wonder that an artist in a Neutral Country
+should depict German affairs as in this condition, and business done in
+this manner? Michael is puzzled; and in the language of the Old Kent
+Road, "'e dunno where 'e are!" He is puzzled, and not without cause.
+
+All who have followed Germany's financing of the War share Michael's
+perplexity. Brag is a good dog: but it does not do as a foundation for
+credit. Gold at Spandau was trumpeted for years as a "war chest"; but
+when the "best laid schemes o' mice and men gang aft agley," especially
+when a war does not end, as it should, after a jolly march to Paris in
+six weeks, through a violated and plundered Belgium, then comes the
+rub--and the paper which puzzles Michael. A German, possibly Dr.
+Helfferich, the German Finance Minister, may believe, and some do
+believe, that it does not matter how much "paper," in currency notes, a
+State, or even a Bank, may issue. The more experienced commercial and
+banking concerns of the world insist upon a visible material, as well as
+the personal security, to which the German is prone. The round-about
+method of issuing German War Loans unquestionably puzzles Michael; but
+will not impose on the world outside.
+
+Let it be marked also, that German credit methods have been, in part,
+the proximate cause of this War; a system of credit-trading may last for
+some years only to threaten disaster and general ruin. Now, it is "neck
+or nothing"; Michael goes the round of the Loan offices, and behold him!
+Germany herself fears a crash in credit, and even the German Michael
+feels that it is impending. Already the mark exchanges over 30 below
+par.
+
+                                                     W. M. J. WILLIAMS.
+
+[Illustration: LOAN JUGGLERY
+
+MICHAEL: "For my 100 marks I obtained a receipt. I gave this for a
+second 100 marks and I received a second receipt. For the third loan I
+gave the second receipt. Have I invested 300 marks and has the
+Government got 300, or have both of us got nothing?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THEIR BERESINA
+
+_"Is it still a long way to the Beresina?"_
+
+The whole civilized world sincerely hopes not.
+
+Death, with the grin on his fleshless face, is hurrying them along to it
+as fast as his troika can go. Three black horses abreast he
+drives--Dishonour, Disappointment, and Disgrace--and the more audacious
+of the carrion-crows fly croaking ominously alongside.
+
+Little Willie, with the insignia of his family's doom on his head, is
+not happy in his mind. "Father's" plans have not worked smoothly, his
+promises have not been fulfilled. Little Willie is concerned for his own
+future. He is the only soul in the world who is.
+
+When the First--the real--Napoleon entered Russia, on June 24, 1812, he
+led an army of 414,000 men--the grande armee. When the great retreat
+began from burnt-out Moscow he had less than 100,000. By the time the
+Beresina was reached but little of the grand army was left. "Of the
+cavalry reserve, formerly 32,000 men, only 100 answered the
+muster-roll." The passage of the river, which was to interpose its
+barrier between him and the pursuing Russians, was an inferno of panic,
+selfishness, and utter demoralization. Finally, to secure his own
+safety, Napoleon had the bridges burnt before half his men had crossed.
+The roll-call that night totalled 8,000 gaunt spectres, hardly to be
+called men.
+
+_"Father, is it still a long way to the Beresina?"_
+
+We may surely and rightly put up that question as a prayer to the God
+whom Kaiser William claims as friend, but whom he has flouted and
+bruised as never mortal man since time began has bruised and flouted
+friend before.
+
+_"Is it still a long way to the Beresina?"_
+
+God grant them a short quick course, an end forever to militarism, to
+the wastage it has entailed, and to all those evils which have made such
+things possible in this year of grace 1916.
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: "Father, is it still a long way to the Beresina?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+NEW PEACE OFFERS
+
+The present policy of Germany is a curious mixture of underhand
+diplomacy and boastful threats. If she desires to impress the neutral
+States, she vaunts the great conquests that she has been able to
+accomplish. She points out, especially to Roumania and to Greece, how
+terrible is her vengeance on States which defy her, such as Belgium and
+Serbia, while vague promises are given to her Near-Eastern
+Allies--Bulgaria and Turkey--that they will have large additions to
+their territory as a reward for compliance with the dictates of Berlin.
+
+But, on the other hand, it is very clear that, as part and parcel of
+this vigorous offensive, Germany is already in more quarters than one
+suggesting that she is quite open to offers of peace. As every one
+knows, Von Buelow in Switzerland is the head and controlling agent of a
+great movement in the direction of peace; while lately we have heard of
+offers made to Belgium that if she will acknowledge a commercial
+dependence on the Central Empires her territory will be restored to her.
+Similar movements are going on in America, because throughout Germany
+still seeks to pose as a nation which was attacked and had to defend
+herself, and is therefore quite ready to listen if any reasonable offers
+come from her enemies to bring the war to a close.
+
+The unhappy German Imperial Chancellor has to play his part in this
+sorry comedy with such skill as he can manage. To his German countrymen
+he has to proclaim that the war has been one brilliant progress from the
+start to the present time. This must be done in order to allay the
+apprehensions of Berlin and to propitiate the ever-increasing demand for
+more plentiful supplies of food. Secretly he has to work quite as hard
+to secure for the Central Empires such a conclusion of hostilities as
+will leave them masters of Europe. And, without doubt, he has to put up
+with a good many indignities in the process. "The worst of it is, I must
+always deny having been there." Kicked out by the Allies, he has to
+pretend that no advances were ever made. Perhaps, however, such a task
+is not uncongenial to the man who began by asserting that solemnly
+ratified treaties were only "scraps of paper."
+
+                                                        W. L. COURTNEY.
+
+[Illustration: NEW PEACE OFFERS
+
+VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG "The worst of it is, I must always deny having
+been there."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE SHIELDS OF ROSSELAERE
+
+The climax of meanness and selfishness would seem to be reached when an
+armed man shelters himself behind the unarmed; yet it is not the climax,
+for here the artist depicts a body of German troops sheltering
+themselves behind women, calculating that the Belgians will not fire on
+their own countrywomen and unarmed friends, and that so the attack may
+safely gain an advantage.
+
+There is a studied contrast between the calm, orderly march of the
+troops with shouldered arms and the huddled, disorderly progress to
+which the townspeople are compelled. These are not marching; they are
+going to their death. Several of the women have their hands raised in
+frantic anguish, their eyes are like the eyes of insanity, and one at
+least has her mouth open to emit a shriek of terror. Two of the men are
+in even worse condition; they are collapsing, one forward, one backward,
+with outstretched hands as if grasping at help. The rest march on,
+courageously or stolidly. Some seem hardly to understand, some
+understand and accept their fate with calm resignation.
+
+One old woman walks quietly with bowed head submissive. In the front
+walks a priest, his hand raised in the gesture of blessing his flock.
+The heroism of the Catholic priesthood both in France and in Belgium
+forms one of the most honourable features of the Great War, and stands
+in striking contrast with the calculating diplomatic policy of the
+Papacy. There is always the same tendency in the "chief priests" of
+every race and period to be tempted to sacrifice moral considerations to
+expediency, and to prefer the empty fabric of an imposing Church
+establishment to the people who make the Church. But the clergy of
+Belgium are there to prove what the Church can do for mankind. This
+cartoon would be incomplete and would deserve condemnation as inartistic
+if it were not redeemed by the priest and the old woman.
+
+                                               WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.
+
+[Illustration: THE SHIELDS OF ROSSELAERE
+
+At Rosselaere the German troops forced the Belgian townsfolk to march in
+front of them]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE OBSTINACY OF NICHOLAS
+
+The venerable quip that what is firmness in ourselves is obstinacy in
+our opponents is illustrated with a ludicrous explicitness in the whole
+tenor of German official utterance since the failure of the great
+drives. The obtuseness of the Allies is so abysmal (it is again and
+again complained in the Reichstag and through Wolff) that they are
+unable to see that Germany is the permanently triumphant victor. Whereas
+for Germany, whose cause even the neutrals judge to be lost, to hold out
+at the cost of untold blood and treasure is merely the manifestation of
+heaven-conferred German steadfastness. The Army into whose obstinate
+corporate head it is hardest to drive the idea of German military
+all-powerfulness is the Russian, of which retreating units, actually
+armed with staves against a superbly equipped (but innocent and wantonly
+attacked) foe, were so stupid as to forget how to be broken and
+demoralized.
+
+And this long, imperturbable, _verdamte_ Nicholas, who was declared on
+the highest German authority (and what higher?) to be annihilated twice,
+having turned a smashing tactical defeat into strategical victory, bobs
+up serenely in another and most inconvenient place. Absurd; particularly
+when "what I tell you three times is true." ... Neonapoleon didn't
+remember Moscow. But he will.
+
+                                                          JOSEPH THORP.
+
+[Illustration: "Why, I've killed you twice, and you dare to come back
+again."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE ORDER OF MERIT
+
+Turkey had no illusions from the beginning on the subject of the war. If
+the choice had been left to the nation she would not have become
+Germany's catspaw. Unfortunately for Turkey, she has had no choice. For
+years upon years the Sultan Abdul Hamid was Turkey. Opposition to his
+will meant death for his opponent. Thus Turkey became inarticulate. Her
+voice was struck dumb. The revolution was looked upon hopefully as the
+dawn of a new era. Abdul Hamid was dethroned; his brother, a puppet, was
+exalted, anointed, and enthroned. Power passed from the Crown, not, as
+expected, to the people and its representatives, but into the hands of a
+youthful adventurer, in German pay, who has led his country from one
+folly to another.
+
+Turkey did not want to fight, but she had no choice, and so she was
+dragged in by the heels. She has lost much besides her independence. The
+crafty German has drained her of supplies while giving naught in return.
+The German's policy is to strive throughout for a weak Turkey. The
+weaker Turkey can be made, the better will it be for Germany, which
+hopes still, no matter what may happen elsewhere, so to manipulate
+things as to dominate the Ottoman Empire after the war.
+
+Turkey is still a rich country, in spite of her enormous sacrifices in
+the past decade. She has been exploited from end to end by the German
+adventurer, who will continue the process of bleeding so long as there
+is safety in the method; but Turkey is beginning to ask herself, as does
+the figure of the fat Pasha in the cartoon: "And is this all the
+compensation I get?" An Iron Cross does not pay for the loss of half a
+million good soldiers. Yet that is the exact measure of Turkey's reward.
+
+                                                   RALPH D. BLUMENFELD.
+
+[Illustration: THE ORDER OF MERIT
+
+TURKEY: "And is this all the compensation I get?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE MARSHES OF PINSK
+
+In what are we most like our kinsmen the Germans, and in what most
+unlike? I was convicted of Teutonism when first, in Germany, I ate "brod
+und butter," and found the words pronounced in an English way, slurred.
+But if we are like the Germans in the names of simple and childish
+things, we grow more unlike them, we draw farther apart from them, as we
+grow up. We love war less and less, as they love it more. We love our
+word of honour more and more as they, for the love of war, love their
+word less.
+
+There is no nation in the world more unlike us; because there is no war
+so perfect, so conscious, so complete as the German. And being thus
+all-predominant, German war is the greatest of outrages on life and
+death. We English have a singular degree of respect for the dead. It has
+no doubt expressed itself in some slight follies and vulgarities, such
+as certain funeral customs, not long gone by; but such respect is a
+national virtue and emotion. No nation loving war harbours that virtue.
+And in nothing do the kinsmen with whom we have much language in common
+differ from us more than in the policy that brought this Prussian host
+to cumber the stagnant waters of the Marshes of Pinsk.
+
+The love of war has cast them there, displayed, profaned, in the "cold
+obstruction" of their dissolution. Corruption is not sensible corruption
+when it is a secret in earth where no eye, no hand, no breathing can be
+aware of it. There is no offence in the grave. But the lover of war, the
+Power that loved war so much as to break its oath for the love of war,
+and for the love of war to strike aside the hand of the peace-maker,
+Arbitration, that Power has chosen thus to expose and to betray the
+multitude of the dead.
+
+                                                         ALICE MEYNELL.
+
+[Illustration: THE MARSHES OF PINSK, NOVEMBER, 1915.
+
+The Kaiser said last spring: "When the leaves fall you'll have peace."
+They have!]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+GOD WITH US
+
+Three _apaches_ sit crouched in shelter waiting the moment to strike.
+One is old and _gaga_, his ancient fingers splayed on the ground to
+support him and his face puckered with the petulance of age. One is a
+soft shapeless figure--clearly with small heart for the business, for he
+squats there as limp as a sack. One is the true stage conspirator with a
+long pendulous nose and narrow eyes. His knife is in his teeth, and he
+would clearly like to keep it there, for he has no stomach for a fight.
+He will only strike if he can get in a secret blow. The leader of the
+gang has the furtive air of the criminal, his chin sunk on his breast,
+and his cap slouched over his brows. His right hand holds a stiletto,
+his pockets bulge with weapons or plunder, his left hand is raised with
+the air of a priest encouraging his flock. And his words are the words
+of religion--"God with us." At the sign the motley crew will get to
+work.
+
+It is wholesome to strip the wrappings from grandiose things. Public
+crimes are no less crimes because they are committed to the sound of
+trumpets, and the chicanery of crowned intriguers is morally the same as
+the tricks of hedge bandits. It is privilege of genius to get down to
+fundamentals. Behind the stately speech of international _pourparlers_
+and the rhetoric of national appeals burn the old lust and greed and
+rapine. A stab in the dark is still a stab in the dark though courts and
+councils are the miscreants. A war of aggression is not less brigandage
+because the armies march to proud songs and summon the Almighty to their
+aid.
+
+Raemaekers has done much to clear the eyes of humanity. The monarch of
+_Felix Austria_, with the mantle of the Holy Roman Empire still dragging
+from his shoulders, is no more than a puzzled, broken old man, crowded
+in this bad business beside the Grand Turk, against whom his fathers
+defended Europe. The preposterous Ferdinand, shorn of his bombast, is
+only a chicken-hearted assassin. The leader of the band, the All Highest
+himself, when stripped of his white cloak and silver helmet, shows the
+slouch and the furtive ferocity of the street-corner bravo. And the cry
+"God with us," which once rallied Crusades, has become on such lips the
+signal of the _apache_.
+
+                                                           JOHN BUCHAN.
+
+[Illustration: GOD WITH US
+
+"At the command 'Gott mit uns' you will go for them."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+FERDINAND THE CHAMELEON
+
+There is one whole field of the evil international influence of Germany
+in which Ferdinand of Bulgaria is a much more important and symbolic
+person than William of Prussia. He is, of course, a cynical
+cosmopolitan. He is in great part a Jew, and an advanced type of that
+_mauvais juif_ who is the principal obstacle to all the attempts of the
+more genuine and honest Jews to erect a rational status for their
+people.
+
+Like almost every man of this type, he is a Jingo without being a
+patriot. That is to say, he is of the type that believes in big
+armaments and in a diplomacy even more brutal than armaments; but the
+militarism and diplomacy are not humanized either by the ancient
+national sanctities which surround the Czar of Russia, or the
+spontaneous national popularity which established the King of Serbia. He
+is not national, but international; and even in his peaceful activities
+has been not so much a neutral as a spy.
+
+In the accompanying cartoon the Dutch caricaturist has thrust with his
+pencil at the central point of this falsity. It is something which is
+probably the central point of everything everywhere, but is especially
+the central point of everything connected with the deep quarrels of
+Eastern Europe. It is religion. Russian Orthodoxy is an enormously
+genuine thing; Austrian Romanism is a genuine thing; Islam is a genuine
+thing; Israel, for that matter, is also a genuine thing.
+
+But Ferdinand of Bulgaria is not a genuine thing; and he represents the
+whole part played by Prussia in these ancient disputes. That part is the
+very reverse of genuine; it is a piece of ludicrous and transparent
+humbug. If Prussia had any religion, it would be a northern perversion
+of Protestantism utterly distant from and indifferent to the
+controversies of Slavonic Catholics. But Prussia has no religion. For
+her there is no God; and Ferdinand is his prophet.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: FERDINAND THE CHAMELEON
+
+"I was a Catholic, but, needing Russian help, I became a Greek Orthodox.
+Now I need the Austrians, I again become Catholic. Should things turn
+out badly, I can again revert to Greek Orthodoxy."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE LATIN SISTERS
+
+The Latin Sisters! Note carefully the expression of France as contrasted
+with that of Italy. France, violated by the Hun, exhibits grim
+determination made sacrosanct by suffering. Italy's face glows with
+enthusiasm. One can conceive of the one fighting on to avenge her
+martyrs, steadfast to the inevitable end when Right triumphs over Might.
+One can conceive of the other drawing her sword because of the blood tie
+which links them together in a bond that craft and specious lies have
+tried in vain to sunder. What do they stand for, these two noble
+sisters? Everything which can be included in the word--ART. Everything
+which has built up, stone upon stone, the stately temple of
+Civilization, everything which has served to humanize mankind and to
+differentiate him from the beasts of Prussia.
+
+Looking at these two sisters, one wonders that there are still to be
+found in England mothers who allow their children to be taught German.
+One hazards the conjecture that it might well be imparted to
+exceptionally wicked children, if there be any, because none can
+question that the Teutonic tongue will be spoken almost exclusively in
+the nethermost deeps of Hades until, and probably after, the Day of
+Judgment.
+
+For my sins I studied German in Germany, and I rejoice to think that I
+have forgotten nearly every word of that raucous and obscene language.
+Had I a child to educate, and the choice between German and Choctaw were
+forced upon me, I should not select German. French, Italian, and
+Spanish, cognate tongues, easy to learn, delightful to speak, hold out
+sweet allurements to English children. Do not these suffice? If any
+mother who happens to read these lines is considering the propriety of
+teaching German to a daughter, let her weigh well the responsibility
+which she is deliberately assuming. To master any foreign language, it
+is necessary to talk much and often with the natives. Do Englishwomen
+wish to talk with any Huns after this war? What will be the feeling of
+an English mother whose daughter marries a Hun any time within the next
+twenty years? And such a mother will know that she planted the seed
+which ripened into catastrophe when she permitted her child to acquire
+the language of our detestable and detested enemies.
+
+                                               HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.
+
+[Illustration: THE LATIN SISTERS
+
+ITALY: "Indeed she is my sister"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MISUNDERSTOOD
+
+It need not necessarily be supposed that the directors of German
+destiny, who are not devoid of intelligence, took the ravings of
+Bernhardi over-seriously. He had his special uses no doubt before the
+day. But on the morrow of the day, when questions of responsibility came
+to be raised, he became one of many inconvenient witnesses; and there
+has scarcely been a better joke among the grim humours of this
+catastrophe than the mission of this Redhot-Gospeller of the New
+Unchivalry of War to explain to "those idiotic Yankees" that he was
+really an ardent pacifist. The most just, the most brilliant, the most
+bitter pamphlet of invective could surely not say so much as this
+reeking cleaver, those bloody hands, that fatuous leer and gesture, this
+rigid victim. Bernhardism was not a mere windy theory. It was exactly
+practised on the Belgian people.
+
+And this spare, dignified figure of Uncle Sam, contemptuously
+incredulous, is, I make bold to say, a more representative symbol of the
+American people than one which our impatience sometimes tempts us now to
+draw. Most Americans now regret, as Pope Benedict must regret, that the
+first most cruel rape of Belgium was allowed to pass without formal
+protest in the name of civilization. But that occasion gone, none other,
+not the _Lusitania_ even, showed so clear an opportunity. A people's
+sentiments are not necessarily expressed by the action of its
+Government, which moves always in fetters. Nor has President Wilson's
+task been as simple as his critics on this or the other side of the
+Atlantic profess to believe.
+
+                                                          JOSEPH THORP.
+
+[Illustration: MISUNDERSTOOD
+
+BERNHARDI: "Indeed I am the most humane fellow in the world."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PROSPERITY REIGNS IN FLANDERS
+
+Wherever Prussia rules she has only one method of ruling--that of
+terror. Wherever she finds civilization and the wealth which
+civilization creates, she can do nothing but despoil. She is as
+incapable of persuasion as of creation. No people forced to endure her
+rule have ever been won to prefer it as the Alsatians came to prefer the
+rule of France or as many Indians have come to prefer the rule of
+England. In Belgium she has been especially herself in this respect.
+
+A wise policy would have dictated such a careful respect for private
+rights and such a deference to native traditions as might conceivably
+have weakened the determination of the Belgians to resist to the death
+those who had violated their national independence. But Prussia is
+incapable of such a policy. In any territory which she occupies, whether
+temporarily or permanently, her only method is terror and her only aim
+loot. She did indeed send some of her tame Socialists to Brussels to
+embark on the hopeless enterprise of persuading the Belgian Socialists
+that honour and patriotism were _ideologies bourgeoises_ and that the
+"economic interests" of Belgium would be best promoted by a submission.
+These pedantic barbarians got the answer which they deserved; but on
+their pettifogging thesis Raemaekers' cartoon is perhaps the best
+commentary.
+
+The "prosperity" of Belgium under Prussian rule has consisted in the
+systematic looting, in violation of international law, of the wealth
+accumulated by the free citizens of Belgium, for the advantage of their
+Prussian rulers; while to the mass of the people it has brought and,
+until it is forever destroyed, can bring nothing but that slavery which
+the Prussians have themselves accepted and which they would now impose
+upon the whole civilization of Europe.
+
+                                                      CECIL CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: PROSPERITY REIGNS IN FLANDERS
+
+Four hundred and eighty millions of francs have been imposed as a war
+tax, but soup is given gratis.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE LAST HOHENZOLLERN
+
+Behind him stands the embodiment of all that Prussian kultur and
+efficiency mean, wooden uninventiveness, clockwork accuracy of
+movement--without soul or inspiration. He himself is thin and
+scraggy--Raemaekers has intensified these characteristics, but even so
+the caricature of the reality is more accurate than unkind. Many months
+ago, this vacuous heir of the house of Hohenzollern set to work on the
+task of overcoming France, and the result ... may be found in bundles of
+four, going back to the incinerators beyond Aix, in the piled corpses
+before the French positions at and about Verdun; some of the results,
+the swag of the decadent burglar, went back in sacks from the chateaux
+that this despicable thing polluted and robbed as might any Sikes from
+Portland or Pentonville.
+
+He is the embodiment, himself, of the last phase of Prussian kultur.
+Somewhere back in the history of Prussia its rulers had to invent and to
+create, and then kultur brought forth hard men; later, it became
+possible to copy, and then kultur brought forth mechanical perfection
+rather than creative perfection, systematized its theories of life and
+work, and brought into being a class of men just a little meaner, more
+rigid, more automaton-like, than the original class; having reduced life
+to one system, and that without soul or ideal, kultur brought forth
+types lacking more and more in originality. Here stands the culminating
+type; he will copy the good German Gott--he is incapable of originating
+anything--and will "do the same to France."
+
+As far as lies in his power, he has done it; in the day of reckoning,
+Germany will judge how he has done it, and it is to be hoped that
+Germany will give him his just reward, for no punishment could be more
+fitting. The rest of the world already knows his vacuity, his utter
+uselessness, his criminal decadence. As his father was stripped of the
+Garter, so is he here shown stripped of the attributes to which, in
+earlier days, he made false claim. There remains a foolish knave
+posturing--and that is the real Crown Prince of Germany.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND!
+
+"Father says I have to do the same with France."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PIRACY
+
+In the summer of 1914 Germany stood before the world, a nation of
+immense, and to a great extent of most honourable, achievement. Her
+military greatness had never been in dispute. But in the previous twenty
+years she had developed an internal industry and an external commerce on
+a scale and with a rapidity entirely unprecedented. She had to build a
+navy such as no nation had ever constructed in so short a time. She
+seemed destined to progress in the immediate future as she had
+progressed in the immediate past.
+
+What has the madness for world conquest done for her now? She has made
+enemies of all, and made all her enemies suffer. Like the strong blind
+man of history, she has seized the columns of civilization and brought
+the whole temple down. But has she not destroyed herself utterly amid
+the ruins? Her industry is paralyzed, her commerce gone. Her navy is
+dishonoured. Some force she still possesses at sea, but it is force to
+be expended on sea piracy alone. And it is not piracy that can save her.
+At most, in her extremity, it will do for her what a life belt does for
+a lone figure in a deserted ocean. It prolongs the agony that precedes
+inevitable extinction. It is the throw of the desperate gambler that
+Germany has made, when she flings this last vestige of her honour into
+the sea.
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: TIRPITZ'S LAST HOPE--PIRACY]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+WEEPING, SHE HATH WEPT
+
+While a world of mourners is plaintively asking, "What has become of our
+brave dead, where are they? Alas! how dark is the world without them,
+how silent the home, how sad the heart"; whilst the mourner is groping
+like the blind woman for her lost treasure, the Belgian mother, and the
+Belgian widow, and the Belgian orphan are on their knees, praying,
+"Eternal rest give to them, O Lord; let a perpetual light shine upon
+them," the Christian plea that has echoed down the ages from the day of
+the Maccabees till now, exhorting us to pray for the dead that they may
+be loosed from their sins. I would remind the broken-hearted mother
+beseeching me to tell her where can her brave boy be gone, adding, "His
+was such a lonely journey; did he find his way to God?" of the words of
+the poet, who finds his answer to her question in the flight of a sea
+bird sailing sunward from the winter snows:
+
+    There is a Power whose care
+    Teaches thy way along the pathless coast,
+    The desert and illimitable air,
+    Lone, wandering but not lost:
+
+    He who from zone to zone
+    Guides, through the boundless sky, thy certain flight,
+    In the lone way which thou must tread alone
+    Will lead thy steps aright.
+
+The brave soldier, who in the discharge of high duty has been suddenly
+shot into eternity by the fire of the enemy, will surely, far more
+easily than the migrating bird, wing his flight to God, Who, let us
+pray, will not long withhold him the happy-making vision of Heaven.
+Pilgrims homeward-bound, as you readily understand, at different stages
+of their journey will picture Heaven to themselves differently,
+according as light or darkness, joy or sorrow encompass them. Some will
+picture Heaven as the Everlasting Holiday after the drudgery of school
+life, others as Eternal Happiness after a life of suffering and sorrow,
+others again as Home after exile, and some others as never-ending
+Rapture in the sight of God.
+
+But to-day, when " frightfulness" is the creed of the enemy, and warfare
+with atrocities is his gospel, very many amongst us, weary with the
+long-drawn battle, sick with its ever-recurring horrors, and broken by
+its ghastly revelations, will lift up their eyes to a land beyond the
+stars.
+
+                                                FATHER BERNARD VAUGHAN.
+
+[Illustration: THE WIDOWS OF BELGIUM]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MILITARY NECESSITY
+
+It may be asserted that the plea of "Frightfulness" will not be
+recognized a "military necessity" when Germany is judged, and that this
+enemy of civilization, even as the enemy of society, will be held
+responsible for its crimes, though they stand as far above the
+imagination as beyond the power of a common felon. Bill Sikes may justly
+claim "military necessity" for his thefts and murders, if Germany can do
+so for hers.
+
+Under Article No. 46 of the Regulations of The Hague, we learn that
+"Family honour and rights, individual life and private property must be
+respected," and, under Article No. 47, "all pillage is expressly
+forbidden." But while it was a political necessity to subscribe to that
+fundamental formula of civilization, Germany's heart recognized no real
+need to do so, and secretly, in cold blood, at the inspiration of her
+educated and well-born rulers, she plotted the details of a campaign of
+murder, rape, arson, and pillage, which demanded the breaking of her
+oath as its preliminary. Well might her Chancellor laugh at "the scrap
+of paper," which stood between Germany and Belgium, when he reflected on
+the long list of sacred assurances his perjured country had already
+planned to break.
+
+No viler series of events, in Northern France alone, can be cited than
+those extracted from the note-books of captured and fallen Germans. Such
+blood-stained pages must be a tithe of those that returned to Germany,
+but they furnish a full story of what the rank and file accomplished at
+the instigation and example of their officers. Space precludes
+quotation; but one may refer the reader to "Germany's Violations of the
+Laws of War,"[A] published under the auspices of the French Foreign
+Office. It is a book that should be on the tables at the Peace
+Conference.
+
+We cannot hang an army for these unspeakable offences, or treat those
+who burn a village of living beings as we would treat one who made a
+bonfire of his fellow-man; nor can we condemn to penal servitude a whole
+nation for bestial outrages on humanity, ordered by its Higher Command
+and executed by its troops; but at least we may hope soon to find the
+offending Empire under police supervision of Europe, with a
+ticket-of-leave, whose conditions shall be as strict as an outraged
+earth knows how to draw them.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Footnote A: English translation. Heinemann.]
+
+[Illustration: ON TICKET-OF-LEAVE
+
+CONVICT: "The next time I'll wear a German helmet and plead 'military
+necessity.'"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LIBERTE! LIBERTE, CHERIE!
+
+There have been many surprises in this war. The evil surprises,
+patiently, scientifically, diabolically matured in the dark for the
+upsetting and downcasting of a too-trusting world by the enemy of
+mankind, whose "Teuton-faith" will surely forever outrival that
+"Punic-faith" which has hitherto been the by-word for perfidious
+treachery. The heartening surprises of gallant little Belgium and
+Serbia; the renascence of Russia; the wonderful upleap to the needs of
+the times by Great, and still more by Greater Britain; and, not least,
+the bracing of the loins of our closest Allies just across the water.
+
+In the very beginning, when the Huns tore up that scrap of paper which
+represented their honour and their right to a place among decent
+dwellers on the earth, and came sweeping like a dirty flood over Belgium
+and Northern France, the overpowering remembrance of 1870 still lay
+heavy on our sorely-tried neighbours. They had not yet quite found
+themselves. The Huns had a mighty reputation for invincibility. It
+seemed impossible to stand against them. There were waverings, even
+crumplings. There were said to be treacheries in high places.
+
+The black flood swept on. Von Kluck was heading for Paris, and seemed
+likely to get there. Then suddenly, miraculously as it seemed, his
+course was diverted. He was tossed aside and flung back.
+
+And it is good to recall the reason he himself is said to have given for
+his failure.
+
+"At Mons the British taught the French how to die."
+
+That is a great saying and worthy of preservation for all time. Whether
+Von Kluck said it or not does not matter. It represents and immortalizes
+a mighty fact.
+
+France was bending under the terrible impact. Britain stood and died.
+France braced her loins and they have been splendidly braced ever since.
+
+The Huns were found to be resistible, vulnerable, breakable. The old
+verve and elan came back with all the old fire, and along with these,
+new depths of grim courage and tenacity, and, we are told, of
+spirituality, which may be the making of a new France greater than the
+world has ever known.
+
+And that we shall welcome. France, Belgium, Serbia, Russia have suffered
+in ways we but faintly comprehend on this side of the water. When the
+Great Settling Day conies, this new higher spirit of France will, it is
+to be devoutly hoped, make for restraint in the universal craving for
+vengeance, and prove a weighty factor in the righteous re-adjustment of
+things and the proper fitting together of the jig-saw map of Europe.
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: LIBERTE! LIBERTE, CHERIE!]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+I--"A KNAVISH PIECE OF WORK"
+
+There can be no defence of the spirit of hatred in which the Germans
+have, so fatally for their future, carried on this amazing mad war of
+theirs, in violation of all human instincts of self-respect and
+self-preservation, to say nothing of the obligations of religion and
+morality observed among mankind from the first dawnings of civilization.
+The knavery, the villainy, and the besotted bestiality of it can never
+be forgotten, and must never be forgiven, and Louis Raemaekers, gifted
+as he is with the rare dramatic genius that discriminates his Cartoons,
+has but discharged an obvious patriotic duty in publishing them to the
+world at large, as true and faithful witnesses to the unspeakable and
+inexpiable abominations wrought throughout Belgium and French Flanders
+by the Germans--which, already, in the course of Divine retribution,
+have involved their own country in material losses it will take from
+three to four generations to repair; and their once honoured name in
+contempt, and reprobation, and infamy, wherefrom it can never be
+redeemed.
+
+Nevertheless, as an Englishman, I shrink from giving any emphasis there
+may be in my "hand and signature" to these righteously condemnatory and
+withering cartoons; and because, each one of them, as I turn to it,
+brings more and more crushingly home to me the transcending sin of
+England--of every individual Englishman with a vote for Members of
+Parliament--in not having prepared for this war; a sin that has
+implicated us in the destruction of the whole rising generation of the
+flower of our manhood; and, before this date, would have brought us
+under subjection to Germany but for the confidence placed by the rank
+and file of the British people and nation in Lord Kitchener of Khartum.
+
+Now--face to face with enemies--from the Kaiser downward to his humblest
+subjects--animated by the highest, noblest ideals, but again perverted
+for a time--as in the case of their ancestors in the Middle Ages--by a
+secular epidemic of "Panmania," they are to be faced not with idle
+reproaches and revilings, still less with undignified taunts and gibes,
+but with close-drawn lips and clenched teeth, in the determination that,
+once having cast Satan out of them, he shall be bound down to keep the
+peace of Christendom--"for a thousand years."
+
+                                                       GEORGE BIRDWOOD.
+
+[Illustration: WE'LL GIVE YOU THE TITLE OF MPRET OF POLAND
+
+The new Governor has had the title of Mpret given to him, the same that
+was given to the ill-starred Prince of Wied when made ruler of Albania
+in 1914.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+II--"SISYPHUS,--HIS STONE"
+
+Sisyphus, as the story goes, was a King who widely extended the
+commerce, and largely increased the wealth, of Corinth, but by
+avaricious and fraudful ways; for the sin whereof he was sentenced after
+death to the unresting labour of rolling up a hill in Tartarus, a huge
+unhewn block of stone, which so soon as he gets it to the hill top, for
+all his efforts, rolls down again. In classical representation of the
+scene he is associated with Tantalus and Ixion; Tantalus, who, presuming
+too much on his relations with Zeus, was after death afflicted with an
+unquenchable thirst amidst flowing fountains and pellucid lakes--like
+the lakes of "The Thirst of the Antelope" in the marvellous mirages of
+Rajputana and Mesopotamia--that ever elude his anguished approaches; and
+with Ixion, the meanest and basest of cheats, and most demoniac of
+murderers, whose posthumous punishment was in being stretched, and
+broken, and bound, in the figure of the svastika, on a wheel which,
+self-moved--like the wheels of the vision of Ezekiel--whirls forevermore
+round and round the abyss of the nether world. The moral of these
+tortures is that we may well and most wisely leave vengeance to "the
+high Gods." They will repay!
+
+                                                       GEORGE BIRDWOOD.
+
+[Illustration: SISYPHUS]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS
+
+Nothing has damned the Germans more in the eyes of other nations,
+belligerent and neutral alike, and nothing will have a more subtle and
+lasting influence on future relations, than the revelation of stealthy
+preparation for conquest under a mask of innocent and friendly
+intercourse. The whole process of "peaceful penetration," pursued in a
+thousand ways with infernal ingenuity and relentless determination, is
+an exhibition of systematic treachery such as all the Macchiavellis have
+never conceived. Germany has revealed herself as a nation of spies and
+assassins. To take advantage of a neighbour's unsuspecting hospitality,
+to enter his house with an air of open friendship, in order to stab him
+in the back at a convenient moment, is an act of the basest treachery,
+denounced by all mankind in all ages. No one would be more shocked by it
+in private life than the Germans themselves. But when it is undertaken
+methodically on a national scale under the influence of _Deutschland
+ueber Alles_, the same conduct becomes ennobled in their eyes, they throw
+themselves into it with enthusiasm and lose all sense of honour. Such is
+the moral perversion worked by Kultur and the German theory of the
+State.
+
+An inevitable consequence is that in future the movements and
+proceedings of Germans in other countries will be watched with intense
+suspicion, and if Governments do not prevent the sort of thing depicted
+by Mr. Raemaekers the people will see to it themselves. The cartoon is
+not, of course, intended to reflect personally on the owner of Krupp's
+works, who is said to be a gentle-minded and blameless lady. It is her
+misfortune to be associated by the chance of inheritance with the German
+war machine and one of the underhand methods by which it has pursued its
+aims.
+
+                                                           A. SHADWELL.
+
+[Illustration: ON CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS
+BIG BERTHA: "What a charming view over Flushing harbour! May I build a
+villa here?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PALLAS ATHENE
+
+"Has it come to this?" Well may the Goddess ask this question. Times are
+indeed changed since the heroic days. Germany has still her great Greek
+scholars, one or two of them among the greatest living, men who know,
+and can feel, the spirit, as well as the letter, of the old Classics. Do
+they remember to-day what the relation of the Goddess of Wisdom was to
+the God of War, in Homer, when, to use the Latin names which are perhaps
+more familiar, to the general reader than the Greek, Mars "indulged in
+lawless rage," and Jove sent Juno and Minerva to check his
+"frightfulness?"
+
+    "Go! and the great Minerva be thine aid;
+    To tame the monster-god Minerva knows,
+    And oft afflicts his brutal breast with woes."
+
+and how the hero Diomede, with Minerva's aid, wounded the divine bully
+and sent him bellowing and whimpering back, only to hear from his father
+the just rebuke:
+
+    "To me, perfidious! this lamenting strain?
+    Of lawless force shall lawless Mars complain?
+    Of all the gods who tread the spangled skies,
+    Thou most unjust, most odious in our eyes!
+    Inhuman discord is thy dear delight,
+    The waste of slaughter, and the rage of fight!"
+
+It is most true. Such has ever been War for War's sake, and when the
+Germans themselves are wounded and beaten, they complain like Mars of
+old of "lawless force."
+
+But Raemaekers has introduced another touch more Roman than Greek, and
+reminding us perhaps of Tacitus rather than of Homer.
+
+Who was Caligula, and what does his name mean? "Little Jack-boots," in
+his childhood the spoiled child of the camp, as a man, and Caesar, the
+first of the thoroughly mad, as well as bad, Emperors of Rome, the first
+to claim divine honours in his lifetime, to pose as an artist and an
+architect, an orator and a _litterateur_, to have executions carried out
+under his own eyes, and while he was at meals; who made himself a God,
+and his horse a Consul.
+
+Minerva blacking the boots of Caligula--it is a clever combination!
+
+But there is an even worse use of Pallas, which War and the German
+War-lords have made. They have found a new Pallas of their own, not the
+supernal Goddess of Heavenly Wisdom and Moderation, but her infernal
+counterfeit, sung of by a famous English poet in prophetic lines that
+come back to us to-day with new force.
+
+    Who loves not Knowledge, who shall rail
+        Against her beauty, may she mix
+        With men and prosper, who shall fix
+    Her pillars? let her work prevail----
+
+Yes, but how do the lines continue?
+
+    What is she cut from love and faith
+        But some wild Pallas from the brain
+
+    Of Demons, fiery hot to burst
+        All barriers in her onward race
+    For power? Let her know her place,
+    She is the second, not the first.
+
+Knowledge is power, but, unrestrained by conscience, a very awful power.
+
+This is the Pallas whom the "Demons," from whose brain she has sprung,
+are using for their demoniac purposes. She too might have her portrait
+painted--and they. Perhaps Raemaekers will paint them both before he has
+done.
+
+                                                        HERBERT WARNER.
+
+[Illustration: PALLAS ATHENE "Has it come to this?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE WONDERS OF CULTURE
+
+Of all forms of "Kultur" or "frightfulness" that which materializes in
+the "the terror which flieth by night" is to the intelligent mind at one
+and the same time the most insensate and damnable. It fails to
+accomplish, either in Paris or in London, the subjugation by terror of
+the people for which Germans seem to hope. It is only in German
+imagination that it accomplishes "material and satisfactory damage to
+forts, camps, arsenals, and fortified towns." In reality it inflicts
+misery and death upon a mere handful of people (horrible as that may be)
+and destroys chiefly the homes of the poor. It serves no military end,
+and the damage done is out of all proportion to the expenditure of
+energy and material used to accomplish it.
+
+The fine cartoon which Raemaekers has drawn to bring home to the
+imagination what this form of "Kultur" stands for makes it easy for us
+in London to sympathize with our brothers and sisters in Paris. We have
+as yet been spared daylight raids in the Metropolitan area, and so we
+needed this cartoon to enable us to realize fully what "Kultur" by
+indiscriminate Zeppelin bombs means.
+
+Who cannot see the cruel drama played out in that Paris street? The
+artist has assembled for us in a few living figures all the actors. The
+dead woman; the orphaned child, as yet scarcely realizing her loss; the
+bereaved workman, calling down the vengeance of Heaven upon the
+murderers from the air; the stern faces of the _sergents de ville_,
+evidently feeling keenly their impotence to protect; and in the
+background other _sergents_, the lines of whose bent backs convey in a
+marvellous manner and with a touch of real genius the impression of
+tender solicitude for the injured they are tending. And faintly
+indicated, further still in the background, the crowd that differs
+little, whether it be French or English, in its deeper emotions.
+
+                                                         CLIVE HOLLAND.
+
+[Illustration: THE WONDERS OF CULTURE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"FOLK WHO DO NOT UNDERSTAND THEM"
+
+How often have I been asked by sorrow-stricken mothers and wives: "Why
+does not Providence intervene either to stop this war, or at least to
+check its cruelties and horrors?" If for many amongst us not yet
+bereaved this European massacre is a puzzle, it should not cause us
+dismay or surprise, if the widow or son-bereaved mother lifts up her
+hands exclaiming: "Why did not God save him? Why did He let him be shot
+down by those Huns?"
+
+Truth to tell, God has, so to speak, tied up His own hands in setting
+ours free. When He placed the human race upon the surface of this planet
+He dowered them with freedom, giving to each man self-determining force,
+by the exercise of which he was to become better than a man or worse
+than a beast. Good and evil, like wheat and cockle, grow together, in
+the same field. The winnowing is at harvest-time, not before. Meanwhile,
+we ourselves have lived to see the fairest portions of this fair
+creation of God changed from a garden into a desert--pillaged, ravaged,
+and brought to utter ruin by shot and shell, sword and fire. When I have
+said this, I have but uttered a foreword to the hideous story, spoken
+the prologue only of the "frightful" tragedy. We are all familiar with
+at least some of the revolting facts and details with which the German
+soldiery has been found charged and convicted by Commissions appointed
+to investigate the crimes and atrocities adduced against them. The
+verdicts of French, Belgian, and English tribunals are unanimous. They
+all agree that Germany has been caught redhanded in her work of dyeing
+the map of Europe red with innocent blood.
+
+When you bend your eyes to the pathetic cartoon standing opposite this
+letterpress, is there not brought home to you in a way, touching even to
+tears, the "frightful" consequences of the misuse of human powers, more
+especially of the attribute of freedom? If Germany had chosen to use,
+instead of brute force, moral force, what a great, grand, and glorious
+mission might have been hers to-day. If, instead of trying the
+impossible task of dominating the whole world with her iron hand upon
+its throat and her iron heel upon its foot, she had been satisfied with
+the portion of the map already belonging to her, and had not by
+processes of bureaucratic tyranny driven away millions of her subjects
+who preferred liberty to slavery, America to Germany, by this date she
+might have consolidated an Empire second in the world to none but one.
+Alas! in her over-reaching arrogance she has, on the contrary, set out
+to de-Christianize, de-civilize, and even de-humanize the race for which
+Christ lived and died.
+
+Our high mission it is to try to save her from herself. Already I can
+read written in letters of blood carved into the gravestone of her
+corrupted greatness,
+
+    "Ill-weaved ambition,
+    How much art thou shrunk!"
+
+                                                       BERNARD VAUGHAN.
+
+[Illustration: LES BEAUTES DE LA GUERRE
+
+Folk who do not understand them.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ON THE WAY TO CALAIS
+
+They are coming, like a tempest, in their endless ranks of gray,
+While the world throws up a cloud of dust upon their awful way;
+They're the glorious cannon fodder of the mighty Fatherland,
+Born to make the kingdoms tremble and the nations understand.
+
+  Tramp! Tramp! Tramp! the cannon fodder come
+  Along their way to Calais, (God help the hearth and home)
+  They'll do his will who taught them, on the earth and on the waves,
+  Till land and sea are festering with their unnumbered graves.
+
+The garrison and barrack and the fortress give them vent;
+They sweep, a herd of winter wolves, upon the flying scent;
+For all their deeds of horror they are told that death atones,
+And their master's harvest cannot spring till he has sowed their bones.
+
+  Into beasts of prey he's turned them; when they show their teeth and growl.
+  The lash is buried in their cheeks; they're slaughtered if they howl;
+  To their bloody Lord of Battles must they only bend the knee,
+  For hard as steel and fierce as hell should cannon fodder be.
+
+Scourge and curses are their portion, pain and hunger without end,
+Till they hail the yell of shrapnel as the welcome of a friend;
+They drink and burn and rape and laugh to hear the women cry,
+And do the devil's work to-day, but on the morrow die.
+
+  Drift! Drift! Drift! the cannon fodder go
+  Upon their way to Calais, (God feed the carrion crow.)
+  They've done his will who taught them that the Germans shall be slaves,
+  Till land and sea are festering with their unnumbered graves.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: THE YSER. "We are on our way to Calais."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG AND TRUTH
+
+    _"Incorrupta Fides, nudaque Veritas"_
+                                            HORACE
+
+    "Good Faith unstained, and Truth all-unadorned"
+
+_Nuda veritas_: it was Horace who in a famous Ode first presented the
+figure of Truth thus. And whom did he make her companions and sisters?
+They were three, and their names were "Modesty," "Fair Dealing," and
+"Good Faith." The four sisters do indeed go together in a quadruple
+alliance and _entente_, and when one is flouted or estranged, the others
+are alienated and become enemies too.
+
+The Germans were believed to be--some few still believe them to be--a
+"truth-loving nation." They had a passion, we were told, for truth, for
+accuracy, for scientific exactness. Theirs might be a blunt and brutal
+frankness, but they were at least downright and truthful.
+
+Well, they first flouted Modesty--they bragged and blustered, bluffed
+and "bounded." They could not keep it up. They had to act. Fair Dealing
+went by the board. Then Good Faith became impossible, for, as this very
+von Bethmann-Hollweg declared, "Necessity knew no law." Now they have
+forsaken Truth. They must deceive their own people. The "lie" has
+entered into their soul. Never was so systematic a use made of
+falsehoods small and great.
+
+But Truth expelled is not powerless. Naked, she is still not weaponless.
+She has her little "periscope," her magic mirror, which shows the liar
+himself, as well as the world, what he is like. And she has another
+weapon, as those who know their "Paradise Lost" will remember:
+
+    "Bright Ithuriel's lance
+    Truth kindling truth where'er it glance"
+
+It is not shown here, for it is invisible, but none the less potent.
+With it Truth can indeed "shame the devil." She not only shows what the
+liar is like outside, but reveals his inner hideousness, and actual
+shape, for all to see.
+
+There are many sayings about Truth, and they are all awkward for the
+liar. "Truth will out," said a witty English judge, "even in an
+affidavit." It will out, even in a German Chancellor's _dementi_.
+
+The most famous is
+
+    "_Magna est veritas et praevalet_"
+
+    "Great is Truth and she prevails," in the end.
+
+Yes, "She is on the path, and nothing will stop her." She started on the
+hills of the little but free republic of Switzerland; she is slowly
+traversing the plains of the vast free republic of America. Her last
+contest will be over the Germans themselves.
+
+                                                        HERBERT WARREN.
+
+[Illustration: VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG AND TRUTH
+
+"Truth is on the path and nothing will stay her."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+VAN TROMP AND DE RUYTER
+
+A generation ago a little clique of wise men at Oxford patted themselves
+on the back for having discovered "The Historical Method." But the
+common people of all countries have always known it. The names of the
+great dead are not forgotten, nor yet the great things for which they
+stood. There may be no strict liturgy for the ancestor worship of the
+West, but that worship is a simple fact, and it is a thing that timorous
+politicians would do well to remember. Here Raemaekers appeals to his
+countrymen to regard their past, to be worthy of the great seamen who
+took the Dutch fleet up the Medway, and lashed brooms to the mast-head
+of the ships that swept the sea clear of British enemies.
+
+The Dutch were fighting for their liberty then. Great Britain is
+fighting for liberty in Europe to-day--and for Dutch liberty to boot.
+The enemy of all liberty uses Holland as a short cut whereby her pirates
+of the air can get more quickly to their murder work in England. Would
+the hero ancestors, of whom the Dutch so boast, have tolerated this
+indignity? The artist seer supplies the answer.
+
+Note the mixture of the ghostly and the real in this vivid and vivacious
+drawing. But if it is easy to see through the faint outlines of the
+sailor spirits, it is easier for these gallant ghosts to see through the
+unrealities of their descendants' fears and hesitations. The anger of
+the heroes is plainly too great for words. How compressed the lips! How
+tense the attitude! The hands gripped in the angriest sort of
+impatience! Mark the subtle mingling of seaman and burgher in the poise
+and figures. Mark particularly Van Tromp's stiffened forefinger on his
+staff.
+
+Is the fate of L19 the fruit of our artist's stinging reminder that
+Holland once had nobler spirits and braver days?
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: VAN TROMP AND DE RUYTER
+
+"So long as you permit Zeppelins to cross our land you surely should
+cease to boast of our deeds."
+
+Whenever a Dutchman wishes to speak of the great past of his country he
+calls to mind the names of these heroes.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+WAR AND CHRIST
+
+The deliberate war made by Prussia in all those areas which she can
+reach or occupy against the symbols and sacred objects of the Christian
+faith is a phenomenon in every way worthy of consideration. It is
+clearly not a matter of accident. The bombardment at Rheims Cathedral,
+for example, can be proved to have been deliberate. It had no military
+object; and the subsequent attempts to manufacture a military reason for
+it only produced a version of the occurrence not only incredible but in
+flat contradiction to the original admissions of the Germans themselves.
+But such episodes as those of Rheims and Louvain merely attract the
+attention of the world because of the celebrity of the outraged shrines.
+All who are familiar with the facts know that deliberate sacrilege no
+less than deliberate rape and deliberate murder has everywhere marked
+the track of the German army.
+
+The offence has been malignant. That does not, of course, mean that it
+has been irrational; quite the contrary. One fully admits that Prussia,
+being what she is, has every cause to hate the Cross, and every motive
+to vent the agonized fury of a lost soul upon things sacred to the God
+she hates.
+
+The moral suggested by this cartoon of Raemaekers' must not be confused
+with the ridiculous and unhistoric pretence that war itself is
+essentially unchristian. When Mr. Bernard Shaw, if I remember right,
+drew from the affair of Rheims the astonishing moral that we cannot have
+at the same time "glorious wars and glorious cathedrals," he might
+surely have remembered that the age in which Rheims Cathedral was built,
+whatever else it was, was not an age of Pacifism. The insult to Jesus
+Christ is not in the sword (which in His own words He came to bring),
+but in the profanation of the sword. It is in cruelty, injustice,
+treachery, unbridled lust, the worship of unrighteous strength--in fact,
+in all that can be summed up in the single word "Prussia."
+
+                                                      CECIL CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: WAR AND CHRIST]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+BARBED WIRE
+
+Save for the spiked helmets, the gruesome figures in the foreground of
+this cartoon might have belonged in life to any one of the warring
+nationalities. It is a noteworthy fact, however, that not one of the
+nations at war has shown so little care for its dead as Germany, whose
+corpses lie and rot on every front on which they are engaged.
+
+The world cannot blame Germany for the introduction of barbed wire as an
+accessory of war, though it is well known that German wire surpasses any
+other in sheer devilish ingenuity; not that it is more effective as an
+entanglement, but its barbs are longer, and are set more closely
+together, than in the wire used by other nationalities; it is, in short,
+more frightful, and thus is in keeping with the rest of the accessories
+of the German war machine.
+
+But this in the cartoon is normal barbed wire, with its normal burden.
+One may question whether the All-Highest War Lord, who in the course of
+his many inspections of the various fronts must have seen sights like
+this, is ever troubled by the thought that these, his men, lie and hang
+thus for his pleasure, that their ghastly fate is a part of his glorious
+plan. He set out to remake the world, and here is one of the many
+results--broken corpses in the waste.
+
+Part of the plan, broken corpses in the waste. By the waste and the
+corpses that he made shall men remember the author and framer of this
+greatest war.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: BARBED WIRE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE HIGHER POLITICS
+
+There is a significance in this cartoon which I believe will appeal much
+more strongly to the firing line than to Home. The Front distrusts
+politics, and especially the higher politics. That means the juggling
+and wire-pulling of the Chancelleries, and the Front has an uneasy
+conviction that at the subtleties and craftiness and cunning of the
+diplomatic game we cannot compete with "The Bosche." Hard knocks and
+straight fighting the Front does understand, and at that game are
+cheerfully confident of winning in the long run.
+
+It would be bitter news to the fighting men that any peace had been
+patched up on any terms but those the Allies soon or late will be in a
+position to dictate, to lay down and say flatly, "Take them and have
+Peace; or leave them and go on getting licked." The Front doesn't like
+War. No man who has endured the horrors and savagery and "blood, mud,
+and misery" of civilized warfare could pretend to like it. No man who
+has endured the long-drawn misery of manning the waterlogged trenches
+for days and weeks and months can look forward with anything but
+apprehension to another winter of war. No man who has attacked across
+the inferno of the shell-and-bullet-swept "neutral ground," or has hung
+on with tight-clenched teeth to the battered ruins of the forward fire
+trench under a murderous rain of machine-gun and rifle bullets, a
+howling tempest of shells, an earth-shaking tornado of high explosives,
+can but long for the day when Peace will be declared and these horrors
+will be no more than a past nightmare.
+
+But the Front will "stick it" for another winter or several winters,
+will go through many bitter attacks and counter-attacks to win the
+complete victory that will ensure, and alone will ensure, lasting peace.
+We know our limitations and our weaknesses. We admit that, as the
+American journalist bluntly put it, we are "poor starters," but we know
+just as surely he was right in completing the phrase, "but darn good
+finishers." Let the "higher politicians" on our side stand down and
+leave the fighting men to finish the argument. Let them keep the ring
+clear, and let the Front fight it out. The Front doesn't mind "taking
+the responsibility," and it will give "Kaiser Bill" and "Little Willie"
+all the responsibilities they can handle before the Great Game is over.
+
+                                                            BOYD CABLE.
+
+[Illustration: THE HIGHER POLITICS
+
+THE KAISER "We will propose peace terms; if they accept them, we are the
+gainers, if they refuse them, the responsibility will rest with them."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE LOAN GAME
+
+Raemaekers is pitiless, but never oversteps the truth. National Debts
+are ever national millstones, worn around the neck. They are worn
+unwillingly, and they are not ornamental; they are a burden, and the
+weight is sometimes crushing. A prospect of that sort seems to be the
+lot of several of the "Great Powers" of Europe for the remainder, and
+the greater portion, of the Twentieth Century. Though German
+"civilization" were more worthy of such a term and its associations as
+Kultur ten times over, would it become any Potentate and his advisers to
+impose it on so many countries at such a cost in suffering as all
+this--and more?
+
+But Kaiser Wilhelm and his crew of State-at-any-price men impose not on
+other peoples only: they impose on their own kith and kin. Look at these
+three sad and apprehensive figures playing the Loan Game--the first, the
+second, the third Loan! Children, says the artist, passing the coin from
+one hand to another's, and getting richer at each pass!! Yes, children,
+the German people treated so by a few dominies. State dominies and the
+Director (or dupe!) at Berlin! No people gains, every people loses by
+incurring a Debt; but in Germany, and to-day! to incur an indebtedness,
+contract a loss, does not suffice; the people must not know it.
+
+Even the children know that coin has not left them richer: many, very
+many Germans know the Kultur War to be ruinous: but Berlin must play the
+Game still, and assume that the tricks and aims cannot be understood! It
+is lack of regard for other nations carried into German Finance; and all
+because the bureaucratic military heart is a stone. The piling up of
+State paper goes on, but not merrily, as Michael goes from Darlehnkasse
+to Reichsbank, one, two, three (and is about to go the fourth time!).
+This game of processions to the Kasse does not increase the available
+wealth within beleaguered Germany: and the 100-mark Note has no
+reference to material wealth securing it.
+
+Now, the Commercial magnates of Germany realize the crushing fact--No
+indemnity possible!! and what of the Notes which are held? When shades
+of night fall heavily, and the Loan Game can be played no more, will the
+German people, tricked and impoverished, go to bed supperless and
+silent? German finance IS "a scrap of paper."
+
+                                                     W. M. J. WILLIAMS.
+
+[Illustration: WE DON'T UNDERSTAND THIS LOAN GAME
+
+In Germany there is a game by which children passing a coin from one to
+another are supposed to but do not get richer.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+A WAR OF RAPINE
+
+True, O Liebknecht, it is indeed a war of rapine, engendered, planned,
+and brought about by the nation to which you belong. Yet, foul as is
+that nation, its foulness is not greater than your futility, by which
+you show up the strength of that which you oppose with as much effect as
+our own Snowden and Casement can claim for their efforts to arrest the
+work of the Allies.
+
+Men who claim British birth claim also the quality of loyalty, as a
+rule, and thus there can be little sympathy with such a one as this
+Liebknecht, whom Raemaekers shows as a little ascetic in the presence of
+the sombre War Lord. It is part of the plan of Nature that every country
+shall breed men like this: men who are constitutionally opposed to the
+current of affairs, ridiculously futile, blatantly noisy, the type of
+which extreme Socialists and Syndicalists are made. Possessed of a
+certain obstinacy which is almost akin to courage, they accomplish
+nothing, save to remain in the public eye.
+
+Such is Liebknecht, apostle of a creed that would save the world by the
+gospel of mediocrity, were human nature other than it is. But, in
+considering this Liebknecht, let us not forget that he has no more love
+for England, or for any of the Allies, than the giant whom he attempts
+so vainly to oppose: he is an apostle, not of peace, but of mere
+obstruction, perhaps well-meaning in his way, but as futile as the Crown
+Prince, and as ludicrous.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: LUTHER-LIEBKNECHT IN THE REICHSTAG
+
+"It is a war of rapine! On that I take my stand. I cannot do otherwise."
+Liebknecht was the one member who protested against the war.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE DUTCH JUNKERS
+
+Some of these drawings remind us that the great cartoonist's message was
+primarily delivered to his own countrymen. They explain why he was
+accused, but not convicted, of endangering the neutrality of the
+Netherlands. He presents the German monster as a menace to all freedom,
+and not least to the freedom of the Dutch people. Germany's allies have
+sold theirs; they are harnessed to the Prussian war chariot, and must
+drag it whither the driver bids them, whip in hand. The nations in arms
+against Germany are fighting for their own and each other's freedom; and
+the neutrals stand looking anxiously on. Raemaekers warns them that
+their freedom too is at stake. He sees that it will disappear if the
+Allies fail in the struggle, and he shows his countrymen what they may
+expect.
+
+In every country there are some ignoble souls who would rather embrace
+servitude than fight for freedom. They have a conscientious objection
+to--danger. How far the Dutch Junkers deserve Raemaekers' satire it is
+not for foreigners to judge. But we know the type he depicts--the
+sporting "nuts," with their careful get-up, effeminate paraphernalia,
+and vacuous countenances. So long as they can wear a sporting costume
+and carry a gun they are prepared to take a menial place under a
+Prussian over-lord and submit with a feeble fatalism to the loss of
+national independence. It is light satire in keeping with the subject,
+and it provides a relief to the sombre tragedy which is the artist's
+prevailing mood.
+
+                                                           A. SHADWELL.
+
+[Illustration: THE DUTCH JUNKERS
+
+"At least we shall get posts as gamekeepers when Germany takes us after
+the war."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE WAR MAKERS
+
+    _Who are the Makers of Wars?_
+        The Kings of the Earth.
+
+    _And who are these Kings of the Earth?_
+        Only men--not always even men of worth,
+        But claiming rule by right of birth.
+
+    _And Wisdom?--does that come by birth?_
+        Nay then--too often the reverse.
+        Wise father oft has son perverse,
+        Solomon's son was Israel's curse.
+
+    _Why suffer things to reason so averse?_
+        It always has been so,
+        And only now does knowledge grow
+        To that high point where all men know--
+        Who would be free must strike the blow.
+
+    _And how long will man suffer so?_
+        Until his soul of Freedom sings,
+        And, strengthened by his sufferings,
+        He breaks the worn-out leading-strings,
+        And calls to stricter reckonings
+        Those costliest things--unworthy Kings.
+
+Here you have them!--Pilloried for all time!
+
+And what a crew! These pitiful self-seekers and their dupes!
+
+Not the least amazing phenomenon of these most amazing times is the fact
+that millions of men should consent to be hurled to certain death, and
+to permit the ruin of their countries, to satisfy the insensate
+ambitions of rulers, who, when all is said and done, are but men, and in
+some cases even of alien birth and personally not specially beloved by
+them.
+
+Surely one outcome of this world-war will be the birth of a new
+determination in every nation that its own voice and its own will shall
+control its own destinies--that no one man or self-appointed clique
+shall swing it to ruin for his or their own selfish purposes. Who pays
+the piper must in future call the tune.
+
+    "The world has suffered much too long.
+    O wonder of the ages--
+    O marvel of all time--
+    This wonderful great patience of the peoples!
+    How long, O Lord, how long?"
+
+The answer cannot come too soon for the good of the world.
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: VOX POPULI SUPREMA LEX
+
+The Kaiser: "Don't bother about your people, Tino. People only have to
+applaud what we say."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE CHRISTMAS OF KULTUR, A.D. 1915
+
+Mary, worn with grief and fear, covers her emaciated face with scarred
+hands, as she kneels in prayer before the infant Jesus. Joseph, grown
+old and feeble, nails up a barricade of planks to strengthen the door
+against the missiles of Kultur already bursting through it and
+threatening the sleeping child. So in that first Christmas, nineteen
+centuries ago, he saved Mary's child from the baby-massacre ordered by
+Herod to preserve his own throne.
+
+Kultur, the gathered wisdom of the ages, has brought us back to the same
+Holy War. What a Christmas! What a Festival of Peace and goodwill
+towards men!
+
+People ask: Why does God allow it? Is God dead? Foolish questions. When
+I was at school I had the good fortune to be under a great teacher whose
+name is honoured to-day. He used to tell us that the most terrible verse
+in the Bible was: "So He gave them up unto their own hearts' lust and
+they walked in their own counsels" (Ps. lxxxi, 13).
+
+Man has the knowledge of good and evil; he has eaten of the tree and
+insists on going his own way. He knows best. Is not this the age of
+science and Kultur? We must not cry out if the road we have chosen leads
+to disaster.
+
+Yet still the Child of Christmas lives and a divine light shines round
+His head. He sleeps.
+
+                                                           A. SHADWELL.
+
+[Illustration: CHRISTMAS EVE
+
+JOSEPH: "The Holy War is at the door!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SERBIA
+
+Genius has set forth the most brutal characteristic of the Hun. In
+moments of triumph, invariably he is the bully, and, as invariably, he
+wallows in brutality--witness Belgium under his iron heel and, in this
+cartoon, stricken Serbia impotent to ward off the blow about to be dealt
+by a monstrous fist. That is the Teuton conception of War, Merry War
+(_Lustige Krieg_)! In the English prize-ring we have an axiom indelibly
+impressed upon novices--"Follow up one stout blow with
+another--_quick_!" That, also, is the consummate art of war. But when a
+man is knocked out we don't savage him as he lies senseless at our feet.
+The Hun does. His axiom is--"As you are strong, be merciless!"
+
+In the small pig-eyes, in the gross, sensual lips, the mandril-like jaw,
+the misshapen ear, I see not merely a lifelike portrait of a Hun but a
+composite photograph of all Huns, something which should hang in every
+house in the kingdom until the terms of such a peace have been imposed
+which will make the shambles in Belgium, Poland, and Serbia an eternal
+nightmare of the past, never to be repeated in the future. And over the
+anaemic hearts of the Trevelyans, the Ramsay MacDonalds, the Arthur
+Ponsonbys, who dare to prattle of a peace that shall not humiliate
+Germany, I would have this cartoon tattooed, not in indigo, but in
+vermilion.
+
+If Ulysses Grant exacted from the gallant Robert Lee "Unconditional
+Surrender," and if our generation approves--as it does--that grim
+ultimatum, what will be the verdict of posterity should we as a
+nation--we who have been spared the unspeakable horrors under which
+other less isolated countries have been "bled white"--descend to the
+infamy of a compromise between the Powers of Darkness and Light? The
+Huns respect Force, and nothing else. Mercy provokes contempt and
+laughter. I hold no brief for reprisals upon helpless women and
+children; I am not an advocate of what is called the "commercial
+extermination of Germany"; but it is my sincerest conviction that
+criminals must be punished. The Most Highest War Lord and his people,
+not excluding the little children who held high holiday when the
+_Lusitania_ was torpedoed, are--CRIMINALS.
+
+HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.
+
+[Illustration: SERBIA]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE LAST OF THE RACE
+
+Raemaekers, the master of an infinite variety of moods and touch,
+reserves a special category of scorn for Von Tirpitz. Savage cruelty in
+war, the wanton destruction of life and property, the whole gospel of
+frightfulness--these things have been abandoned (so the historians tell
+us), not because savagery was bad morals but because it was the worst
+way of making war. It was wiser to take the enemy's property--and put it
+to your own use than to destroy it. If it was plundered it was wasted.
+It was wiser to spare men, women, and children, so that they should be
+better subjects if they remained conquered, less irreconcilable enemies,
+if they were restored to their old allegiance. Besides, murder, plunder,
+and rapine demoralized your men. They made them less efficient troops
+for fighting. Doubtless the argument is sound. But it would never have
+been accepted had not the horrors of savagery been utterly loathsome and
+repulsive to the nations that abandoned them.
+
+Conventions in the direction of humanity are not, then, _artificial_
+restrictions in the use of force. They are natural restrictions, because
+all Christian and civilized people would far rather observe them than
+not. Germany has revelled in abandoning every restraint. Raemaekers
+shows the cruelty, the wickedness of this in scores of his drawings.
+Here it is its folly that he emphasizes.
+
+The submarine is no longer a death-dealing terror. It has become a
+blubbering fish. And the author of its crimes is no diabolical triton,
+but a semi-imbecile old dotard, round whom his evil--but
+terrified--brood have clustered; they fawning on him in terror, he
+fondling them in shaky, decrepit fondness. Note the flaccid paunch, the
+withered top, and the foolish, hysterical face. How the full-dress
+cocked hat shames his nakedness!
+
+And this, remember, is the German High Admiral as history will know him,
+when the futility of his crimes is proved, their evil put out of memory,
+and only their foolishness remains!
+
+                                                         ARTHUR POLLEN.
+
+[Illustration: THE LAST OF THE RACE
+
+VON TIRPITZ: No, my dears, I'm not sending any more of you to those
+wicked English; the survivors shall go to the Zoo."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE CURRICULUM
+
+The nations are being educated amain, let us hope. Germany has prided
+herself on her education, her learning, and on her Kultur. To-day she is
+beyond the calculation of all that foresight which has been her boast,
+and foible. Human nature, other than German, has not been on the
+national curriculum, and, as in other departments of study, what has not
+been reduced to rule and line is beyond the ken and apprehension. How
+stupendously wrong a Power which could count, and into a European War!
+on insurrection in India, the Cape, and other parts of the British
+Empire! and how naively did Herr von Bethmann-Hollweg disclose the
+_Zeitgeist_ of German rulers when with passion he declared Britain to be
+going to war for "a scrap of paper!" A purpose to serve, a treaty
+becomes "a scrap"--in German courtly hands.
+
+The artist depicts a scene, with masterly pencil, where Von
+Bethmann-Hollweg himself is charged by the All-Highest to be
+schoolmaster. It is a grim department of the training. Think of the
+unseen as well as that shown. What you do see is the lordly, truculent
+Kaiser, raising that menacing finger again. In spacious chair, he sits
+defiant, aggressive, as a ferocious captain; and there opposite is the
+"great Chancellor," bent, submissive, apprehensive, tablet and pencil
+ready to take down the very word of Kaiserly wisdom and will. What is
+it? The day's fare for a week! reaching a climax of "No dinner" on
+Saturday, and "Hate" on Sunday! Educative! of course it will be.
+
+Some day, not so far, even the German people will not regard the orders
+of the Army and Navy Staff, the cruel mercies of the Junkers, as a
+revelation of Heaven's will. Three pounds of sugar for a family's
+monthly supply will educate, even when the gospel of force has been
+preached for fifty years to a docile people. Many of us are in "a strait
+betwixt two" as we see how thousands of inoffensive old men, women, and
+children are made to suffer, are placed by the All-Highest in this
+Copper and Hate School. It is not this, that, and the other that causes
+this, but the Director of the School, who does not, while the miserable
+scholars do, know what it is to endure "No dinner," not only on
+Saturdays, but many other days. And all to gratify the mad projectors
+imposing Kultur on an unwilling world!
+
+                                                     W. M. J. WILLIAMS.
+
+[Illustration: THE NEW SCHOOL CURRICULUM
+
+William: "Write it down, schoolmaster--Monday shall be Copper Day,
+Tuesday, Potato Day, Wednesday, Leather Day; Thursday, Gold Day, Friday,
+Rubber Day; Saturday, No Dinner Day; and Sunday, Hate Day!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE DUTCH JOURNALIST TO HIS BELGIAN CONFRERE
+
+Whether the type here taken is a true criticism of a commercial attitude
+in a neutral State like Holland, it does not become us to discuss.
+Raemaekers is a Dutchman, and doubtless a patriotic Dutchman. And the
+patriot, and the patriot alone, has not only the right but the duty of
+criticising his own country.
+
+For us it is better to regard the figure as an international, and often
+anti-national, character who exists in all nations, and who, even in a
+belligerent country like our own, can often contrive to be neutral and
+worse than neutral. A prosperous bully with the white waistcoat and
+coarse, heavily cuffed hands, with which such prosperity very frequently
+clothes itself, is represented as thrusting food in the starved face of
+an evicted Belgian and saying: "Eat and hold your tongue."
+
+The situation is worthy of such record, if only because it emphasizes an
+element in the general German plot against the world which is often
+forgotten in phrases about fire and sword. The Prussianized person is
+not only a military tyrant; he is equally and more often a mercantile
+tyrant. And what is in this respect true of the German is as true or
+truer of the Pro-German.
+
+The cosmopolitan agent of Prussia is a commercial agent, and works by
+those modern methods of bribing and sacking, of boycott and blackmail,
+which are not only meaner, but often more cruel, than militarism. For
+any one who realizes the power of such international combinations, there
+is the more credit due to the artists and men of letters who, like
+Raemaekers himself, have decisively chosen their side while the issue
+was very doubtful. And among the Belgian confreres there must certainly
+have been many who showed as much courage as any soldier, when they
+decided not to eat and be silent, but to starve and to speak.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: THE DUTCH JOURNALIST TO HIS BELGIAN CONFRERE: "Eat and
+hold your tongue."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+A BORED CRITIC
+
+From Homeric warfare to subterranean conflict of modern trenches is a
+far cry, and Ares, God of Battles, may well yawn at the entertainment
+with which the Demon of War is providing him. But the spectator of this
+grim "revue" lacks something of the patience of its creator, and our
+Mephistopheles, marking the god's protest, will doubtless hurry the
+scene and diversify it with new devilries to restore his interest.
+Indeed, that has happened since Raemaekers made his picture.
+
+The etiquette of butchery has become more complicated since Troy fell,
+yet it has been so far preserved till now that the fiend measures Ares
+with his eyes and speculates as to how far the martial god may be
+expected to tolerate his novel engines. Will asphyxiating gas, and
+destruction of non-combatants and neutrals on land and sea, trouble him?
+Or will he demand the rules of the game, and decline to applaud this
+satire on civilization, although mounted and produced regardless of cost
+and reckoning?
+
+As the devil's own entertainment consists in watching the effects of his
+masterpiece on this warlike spectator, so it may be that those who
+"staged" the greatest war in mankind's history derive some bitter
+instruction from its reception by mankind. They know now that it is
+condemned by every civilized nation on earth; and before these lines are
+published their uncivilized catspaws will have ample reason to condemn
+it also. Neutrals there must be, but impartials none.
+
+The sense and spirit of the thinking world now go so far with human
+reason that they demand a condition of freedom for all men and nations,
+be they weak or powerful. That ideal inspires the majority of human
+kind, and it follows that the evolution of morals sets strongly on the
+side of the Allies.
+
+"War," says Bernhardi, "gives a biologically just decision, since its
+decisions rest on the very nature of things." So be it.
+
+                                                       EDEN PHILLPOTTS.
+
+[Illustration: "I say, do suggest something new. This is becoming too
+boring."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"The Peace Woman"
+
+In this humorous yet pathetic cartoon--humorous because of its truth to
+the type, and pathetic because of the futility of the effort
+depicted--with unfailing skill the artist shows the folly of the cry
+"Peace! Peace!" when there is none. In the forefront is a type of woman
+publicist who can never be happy unless the limelight secured by vocal
+effort and the advocacy of a "crazy" cause is focussed upon her. She
+calls "Peace!" that the world may hear, not attend. Behind her stands
+that other type of detached "peace woman," who has, judging from her
+placid yet grieved expression, apparently scarcely realized that the War
+is too serious and has its genesis in causes too deep-rooted to be
+quelled by her or her kind. One can imagine her saying: "A war! How
+terrible! It must be stopped."
+
+The soldier, who is wise enough to prefer armour-plate even to a shield
+provided by substantially built peace women clad in white, looks on
+amused. The thinking world as a whole so looks on at "Arks" launched by
+American millionaire motor manufacturers, and at Pacifist Conferences
+held whilst the decision as to whether civilization or savagery shall
+triumph, and might be greater than right, yet hangs in the balance.
+There must be no thought of peace otherwise than as the ultimate reward
+of gallant men fighting in a just cause, and until with it can come
+permanent security from the "Iron Fist" of Prussian Militarism and
+aggression, and the precepts of Bernhardi and his kind are shown to be
+false. Those who talk of peace in the midst of "frightfulness," of
+piracy, of reckless carnage and colossal sacrifices of human life which
+are the fruits of an attempt to save by military glory a crapulous
+dynasty, however good their intention, lack both mental and moral
+perspective.
+
+                                                         CLIVE HOLLAND.
+
+[Illustration:
+
+THE PEACE WOMAN: "We will march in white before our sons."
+
+THE NEUTRAL SOLDIER: "Madam, we would prefer the protection of an
+armour-plate."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE SELF-SATISFIED BURGHER
+
+The artist has depicted the ordinary attitude of a self-satisfied
+burgher not only in Holland but in other countries also. "What does it
+matter if we are annexed afterwards, so long as we remain neutral now?"
+That is the sort of speech made by selfish merchants in some of the
+neutral countries, especially those of Scandinavian origin. It is really
+a variety of the old text: "Let us eat, drink, and be merry; for
+to-morrow we die." Why not, it is urged, make the best of present
+facilities? As long as we are left alone we can pursue our ordinary
+industrialism. We can heap up our percentages and profits. Our trade is
+in a fairly flourishing condition, and we are making money. No one knows
+what the future may bring; why, therefore, worry about it? Besides, if
+the worst comes to the worst and Germany annexes us, are we quite sure
+that we shall be in a much worse condition than we are now? It will be
+to the interest of Berlin that we should carry on our usual industrial
+occupations. Our present liberty will probably not be interfered with,
+and a change of masters does not always mean ruin.
+
+So argues the self-satisfied burgher. If life were no more than a mere
+matter of getting enough to eat and drink and of having a balance at the
+banker's, his view of the case might pass muster. But a national life
+depends on spiritual and ideal interests, just as a man's life
+"consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth."
+Freedom is the only principal of growth, and freedom is the one thing
+which German militarism desires to make impossible for all those whom
+she gathers into her fold. The loss of liberty means the ruin of all
+those ends for which a State exists. Even the material prosperity which
+the self-satisfied burgher desires will be definitely sacrificed by a
+submission to Teutonic autocracy.
+
+                                                        W. L. COURTNEY.
+
+[Illustration: THE SELF-SATISFIED BURGHER
+
+"What does it matter if we're annexed afterwards, so long as we remain
+neutral now?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE DECADENT
+
+War is a fiery winnower of incapacities. Many reputations have gone to
+the scrap-heap since August, 1914. None more surely than that of the
+braggart Crown Prince. It is said that this terrible catastrophe was
+largely of his bringing about and his great desire and hope.
+
+Well--he has got his desire, and more than he expected.
+
+He was going to do mighty things--to smash through the frontier and lead
+the German hordes triumphantly through France. And what has he done?
+
+In the treacherous surprise of the moment he got across the frontier,
+and there the weighty French fist met the Imperial optic, and has since
+developed many stars in it. He has been held, wasting men, time,
+opportunity, and his own little apology for a soul. He has done nothing
+to justify his position or even his existence. He has wrecked his
+home-life by wanton indulgence. He has made himself notorious by his
+private lootings of the chateaux cursed with his presence.
+
+Even in 1870 the native cupidity of the far finer breed of conquerors
+could not resist the spoils of war, and, to their eternal disgrace,
+trainloads of loot were sent away to decorate German homes--as burglars'
+wives might wear the jewellery acquired by their adventurous menfolk in
+the course of their nefarious operations.
+
+But we never heard of "Unser Fritz," the then Crown Prince, ransacking
+the mansions he stayed in. He was a great man and a good--the very last
+German gentleman. And this decadent is his grandson!
+
+"Unser Fritz" was a very noble-looking man. His grandson--oh, well, look
+at him and judge for yourselves! Of a surety the sight is calculated to
+heighten one's amazement that any nation under the sun, or craving it,
+could find in such a personality, even as representative of a once great
+but now exploding idea, anything whatever even to put up with, much less
+to worship and die for.
+
+The race of Hohenzollern has wilted and ravelled out to this. The whole
+world, outside Prussia, devoutly hopes ere long to have seen the last of
+it.
+
+It has been at all times, with the single exception above noted, a
+hustling, grabbing, self-seeking race. May the eyes of Germany soon be
+opened! Then, surely, it will be thrust back into the obscurity whence
+heaven can only have permitted it to escape for the flagellation of a
+world which was losing its ideals and needed bracing back with a sharp,
+stern twist.
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: SEPTEMBER, 1914, AND SEPTEMBER, 1915
+
+1914: "Now the war begins as we like it."
+
+1915: "But this is not as I wished it to continue."
+(Published after the French success in Champagne)]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LIQUID FIRE
+
+When one sits down to think, there are few things in connection with the
+devastating War now raging, wild-beast-like, almost throughout the
+length and breadth of Europe, so appalling as the application of science
+and man's genius to the work of decimating the human species.
+
+Early in the conflict, which is being fought for the basal principles of
+civilization and moral human conduct, one was made to realize that the
+Allied Powers were opposed to an enemy whose resources were only
+equalled by his utter negation of the rules of civilized warfare. Soon,
+to the horrors of machine-guns and of high-explosive shells of a calibre
+and intensity of destructive force never before known, were added the
+diabolical engines for pouring over the field of battle asphyxiating
+gases. We know the horrors of that mode of German "frightfulness," and
+some of us have seen its effects in the slowly dying victims in
+hospitals. But that was not enough. Yet other methods of "frightfulness"
+and savagery, which would have disgraced the most ruthless conquerors of
+old, were to be applied by the German Emperor in his blasphemous "Gott
+mit uns" campaign. And against the gallant sons of Belgium, France,
+England, and Russia in turn were poured out with bestial ingenuity the
+jets and curtains of "liquid fire" which seared the flesh and blinded
+the eyes. For this there will be a reckoning if God be still in heaven
+whilst the world trembles with the shock of conflict, and the souls of
+men are seared.
+
+Raemaekers in this cartoon shows not only the horror of such a method of
+warfare, but also, with unerring pencil, the unwavering spirit of the
+men who have to meet this "frightfulness." There is a land to be
+redeemed, and women and children to be avenged, and so the fighting men
+of the allied nations go gallantly on with their stern, amazed faces set
+towards victory.
+
+                                                         CLIVE HOLLAND.
+
+[Illustration: LIQUID FIRE]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+NISH AND PARIS
+
+Very happily and very graphically has Raemaekers here pointed the
+contrast between the Gargantuan hopes with which the Kaiser and his
+Junker army embarked on the War, and the exiguous and shadowy fruits of
+their boasted victories up to the present. They foretold a triumphal
+entry into the conquered capital of France within a month of the opening
+of hostilities. Yet the irony of Fate has, slowly but surely, cooled the
+early fever of anticipation. The only captured town where the
+All-Highest has found an opportunity of lifting his voice in exultant
+paean is Nish, a secondary city of the small kingdom of Serbia. There,
+too, he perforce delayed his jubilation until the lapse of some eighteen
+months after the date provisionally and prematurely fixed in the first
+ebullition of overconfidence, for his triumphal procession through
+Paris.
+
+Nish is a town of little more than 20,000 inhabitants; about the size of
+Taunton or Hereford--smaller than Woking or Dartford. Working on a basis
+of comparative populations, the Emperor would have to repeat without
+more delay his bravery at Nish in 150 towns of the same size before he
+could convince his people that he is even now on the point of fulfilling
+his first rash promises to them of the rapid overthrow of his foes.
+Pursuing the same calculation, he is bound to multiply his present
+glories 350 times before he can count securely on spending a night as
+conquering hero in Buckingham Palace.
+
+Even the Kaiser must know in his heart that woefully, from his own and
+his people's point of view, did he overestimate his strength at the
+outset. For the time he contents himself with the backwater of Nish for
+the scene of his oratory of conquest. His vainglorious words may well
+prove in their environment the prelude of a compulsory confession of
+failure, which is likely to come at a far briefer interval than the
+eighteen months which separate the imaginary hope of Paris from the
+slender substance of Nish.
+
+                                                            SIDNEY LEE.
+
+[Illustration: THE TRIALS OF A COURT PAINTER
+
+"I commenced this as the entry into Paris, but I must finish it as the
+entry into Nish."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND!
+
+In these sombre times one is grateful for a touch of humour, and it
+would perhaps be impossible to conceive in all created nature a
+spectacle so exquisitely ludicrous as the appearance of the Prussian in
+the guise of a Wronged Man. For, of course, it is the very foundation of
+the Prussian theory that there can be no such thing as a wronged man.
+Might is right. That which physical force has determined and shall
+determine is the only possible test of justice. That was the diabolic
+but at least coherent philosophy upon which the Kingdom of Prussia was
+originally based and upon which the German Empire created by Prussia
+always reposed.
+
+Nor was that philosophy--which among other things dictated this
+war--ever questioned, much less abandoned, by the Germans so long as it
+seemed probable to the world and certain to them that they were destined
+to win. Now that it has begun to penetrate even into their mind that
+they are probably going to lose, we find them suddenly blossoming out as
+pacifists and humanitarians.
+
+Especially are they indignant at the "cruelty" of the blockade. It is
+not necessary to examine seriously a contention so obviously absurd. Any
+one acquainted with the history of war knows the blockade of an enemy's
+ports is a thing as old as war itself. Every one acquainted with the
+records of the last half-century knows that Prussia owes half her
+prestige to the reduction of Paris in 1871--effected solely by the
+starvation of its civilian inhabitants.
+
+But the irony goes deeper than that. Look at the face of the Prussian in
+"Raemaekers' Cartoons" and you will understand why Germans in America,
+Holland, and other neutral countries are now talking pacifism and
+exuding humanitarian sentiment. You will understand why the German
+Chancellor says that in spite of the victorious march of Germany from
+victory to victory his tender heart cannot but plead for the dreadful
+sufferings of the unhappy, though criminal, Allies. Then you will laugh;
+which is good in days like these.
+
+                                                      CECIL CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND!
+
+"Now she prevents my sending goods by the Holland route!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE PACIFICIST KAISER (THE CONFEDERATES)
+
+From time to time of late the Kaiser has posed as the champion of peace.
+His official spokesman, Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg, has announced the
+Imperial readiness to stay the war--on his master's own terms, which he
+disdains to define precisely.
+
+The Emperor and his advisers are involved in a tangle of miscalculations
+which infest the conduct of the war alike in the field of battle and the
+council-chamber. But no wild imaginings could encourage a solid hope
+that the Chancellor's peaceful professions would be taken seriously by
+anybody save his own satellites. Loudly the compliant Minister vaunted
+in the Reichstag his country's military successes, but he could point to
+no signs either of any faltering in military preparations on the part of
+the Allies, or of their willingness to entertain humiliating conditions
+of peace.
+
+Even in Germany clear visions acknowledge that Time is fighting
+valiantly on the side of Germany's foes, and that peace can only come
+when the Central Powers beg for it on their knees.
+
+It is improbable that the Kaiser and his Chancellor now harbour many
+real illusions about the future, although they may well be anxious to
+disguise even to themselves the ultimate issues at stake in the war.
+Their home and foreign policy seems to be conceived in the desperate
+spirit of the gambler. They appear to be recklessly speculating on the
+chances of a pacificist role conciliating the sympathy of neutrals. They
+count on the odds that they may convert the public opinion of
+non-combatant nations to the erroneous belief that Germany is the
+conqueror, and that further resistance to her is futile. But so far the
+game has miscarried. The recent German professions of zeal for peace
+fell in neutral countries on deaf or impatient ears. The braggart
+bulletins of the German Press Bureau have been valued at their true
+worth. Neutral critics have found in Bethmann-Hollweg's cry for peace
+mere wasted breath
+
+The Chancellor and his master are perilously near losing among neutrals
+the last shreds of reputation for political sagacity.
+
+                                                            SIDNEY LEE.
+
+[Illustration: THE CONFEDERATES
+
+"Did they believe that peace story in the Reichstag, Bethmann?"
+"Yes, but the Allies didn't."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DINANT
+
+During the joint expedition to Peking, all the other contingents were
+horrified at the cruelty of the German troops. I have heard how on one
+occasion a number of Chinese women were watching a German regiment at
+drill, when suddenly the commanding officer ordered his men to open fire
+upon them. When remonstrated with, he replied that terrorism was humane
+in the end, because it made the enemy desire peace. For some reason,
+these atrocities were not very widely known in England; and no one
+dreamed that such infernal crimes would ever be perpetrated in European
+war. But such are indeed the calculated methods of Germany; and her
+officers began to order them as soon as her troops crossed the Belgian
+frontier. The German military authorities advise that terrorism should
+be used sparingly when there is danger of reprisals. Accordingly, though
+many abominable things have been done to civilians in France and Russia,
+and to ourselves when opportunity offered, the worst atrocities were
+committed in Belgium, because Belgium is a small country, which had
+dispensed with universal military service in reliance on the
+international guarantee of her security. These events of the first month
+of the war are in danger of being forgotten, now that Germany is
+contending on equal terms against the great nations of Europe. But they
+must not be forgotten. We are fighting against a nation which thinks it
+good policy to massacre non-combatants, provided only that the sons and
+brothers of the victims are not in a position to retaliate.
+
+                                                            W. R. INGE.
+
+[Illustration: DINANT--I SEE FATHER.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"HESPERIA" (WOUNDED FIRST)
+
+Sailors of all nationality except German have from time immemorial
+looked upon themselves as the guardians and protectors of land folk at
+sea.
+
+That is why every sailor in the world, outside the doggeries of Hamburg,
+felt his calling spat upon and his personal pride injured by the sinking
+of the _Lusitania_--by a sailor.
+
+It seemed that nothing could be worse than that, and then came the
+sinking of the _Hesperia_, a ship filled with wounded soldiers and
+Hospital nurses.
+
+Raemaekers brings the fact home to us in this cartoon, not the fact of
+the English nurses' heroism, which goes without saying, but of German
+low-down common infamy. The fact has become so commonplace, so
+accustomed, so everyday that pictures of burning cathedrals, murdered
+children, and terrified women no longer move us as they did, but this
+artist, whose command of language seems as infinite and varied as the
+crimes of the criminals whom God sent him to scourge, has always some
+stroke in reserve, something to add to what he has said, if need be. In
+the case of this picture it is the medicine bottle, glass, and spoon
+flying off the shelf, flung to the floor by the bursting charge of
+Tri-nitro-toluine that adds the last touch as distinctive as the
+artist's signature.
+
+                                                  H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.
+
+[Illustration: Another kind of heroism--the sinking of the Hospital Ship
+_Hesperia_ (Wounded First)]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+GALLIPOLI
+
+It is a fine touch, or a fortunate accident, in this sketch of
+Raemaekers' that it depicts the officer who has made the mistake as
+exhibiting the spruceness of a Prussian, and the officer who has found
+out the mistake as having the comparatively battered look of an old
+Turk. The moustaches of the Young Turk are modelled on the Kaiser's,
+spikes pointing to heaven like spires; while those of his justly
+incensed superior officer hang loose like those of a human being. The
+difference is in any case symbolic; for the sort of instinctive and
+instantaneous self-laudation satirized in this cartoon is much more one
+of the vices of the new Germany than of the antiquated Islam. That
+spirit is not easy to define; and it is easy to confuse it with much
+more pardonable things. Every people can be jingo and vainglorious; it
+is the mark of this spirit that the instinct to be so acts before any
+other instinct can act, even those of surprise or anger. Every people
+emphasizes and exaggerates its victories more than its defeats. But this
+spirit emphasizes its defeats as victories. Every national calamity has
+its consolations; and a nation naturally turns to them as soon as it
+reasonably can. But it is the stamp of this spirit that it always thinks
+of the consolation _before_ it even thinks of the calamity. It abounds
+throughout the whole press of the German Empire. But it is most shortly
+shown in this figure of the young officer, who makes a hero of himself
+before he has even fully realized that he has made a fool of himself.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: GALLIPOLI
+
+TURKISH GENERAL: "What are you firing at? The British evacuated the
+place twenty-four hours ago!"
+
+"Sorry, sir--but what a glorious victory!]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE BEGINNING OF THE EXPIATION
+
+It is sometimes an unpleasant necessity to insult a man, in order to
+make him understand that he is being insulted. Indeed, most strenuous
+and successful appeals to an oppressed populace have involved something
+of this paradox. We talk of the demagogue flattering the mob; but the
+most successful demagogue generally abuses it. The men of the crowd rise
+in revolt, not when they are addressed as "Citizens!" but when they are
+addressed as "Slaves!"
+
+If this be true even of men daily disturbed by material discomfort and
+discontent, it is much truer of those cases, not uncommon in history, in
+which the slave has been soothed with all the external pomp and luxury
+of a lord. So prophets have denounced the wanton in a palace or the
+puppet on a throne; and so the Dutch caricaturist denounces the gilded
+captivity of the Austrian Monarchy, of which the golden trappings are
+golden chains.
+
+But for such a purpose a caricaturist is better than a prophet, and
+comic pictures better than poetical phrases. It is very vital and
+wholesome, even for his own sake, to insult the Austrian. He ought to be
+insulted because he is so much more respectable than the Prussian, who
+ought not to be insulted, but only kicked. If Austria feels no shame in
+letting the Holy Roman Empire become the petty province of an Unholy
+Barbarian Empire, if such high historic symbols no longer affect her, we
+can only tell her, in as ugly a picture as possible, that she is a
+lackey carrying luggage.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: THE BEGINNING OF THE EXPIATION]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE SHIRKERS
+
+Current experience is proving that war is a grim condition of life, and
+that none can escape its effects. No religious or philosophic precept is
+potent enough in practical application to prevent its outbreak or to
+stay its course. The strong man of military age, who claims the right to
+pursue normal peaceful avocations when his country is at war, pleads
+guilty, however involuntarily, to aberrations of both mind and heart.
+
+There are few who do not conscientiously cherish repugnance for war, but
+practically none of those to whom so natural a sentiment makes most
+forcible appeal deem it a man's part to refuse a manifest personal call
+of natural duty. The conscientious objector to combatant service may in
+certain rare cases deserve considerate treatment, but very short shrift
+should await the able-bodied men who, from love of ease or fear of
+danger, simulate conscientious objection in order to evade a righteous
+obligation.
+
+Lack of imagination may be at times as responsible for the sin of the
+shirker as lack of courage. Patriotism is an instinct which works as
+sluggishly among the unimaginative as among the cowardly and the
+selfish. The only cure for the sluggish working of the patriotic
+instinct among the cowardly and the selfish is the sharp stimulus of
+condign punishment. But among the unimaginative it may be worth
+experimenting by way of preliminary with earnest and urgent appeals to
+example such as is offered not only by current experience, but also by
+literature and history. No shirkers would be left if every subject of
+the Crown were taught to apprehend the significance of Henley's
+interrogation:
+
+    What have I done for you,
+      England, my England?
+    What is there I would not do,
+      England, my own?
+
+                                                            SIDNEY LEE.
+
+[Illustration: THE SHIRKERS]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ONE OF THE KAISER'S MANY MISTAKES
+
+Louis Botha--we touch our hats to you!
+
+You are supremely and triumphantly one of the Kaiser's many mistakes.
+You have proved yourself once again a capable leader and a man among
+men. You have proved him once more incapable of apprehending the meaning
+of the word honour. You are an honourable man. Even as a foe you fought
+us fair and we honoured you. You have valiantly helped to dig the grave
+of his dishonour and have proved him a fool. We thank you! And we thank
+the memory of the clear-visioned men of those old days who, in spite of
+the clamour of the bats, persisted in tendering you and yours that right
+hand of friendship which you have so nobly justified.
+
+You fought us fair. You have uprisen from the ashes of the past like the
+Phoenix of old. You are Briton with the best.
+
+Fair fight breeds no ill-will. It is the man, and the nation, that
+fights foul and flings God and humanity overboard that lays up for
+itself stores of hatred and outcastry and scorn which the ages shall
+hardly efface.
+
+And Germany once was great, and might have been greater.
+
+Delenda est Germania!--so far as Germania represents the Devil and all
+his works.
+
+The following lines were written fourteen years ago when we welcomed the
+end of the Boer War. We are all grateful that the hope therein expressed
+has been so amply fulfilled. That it has been so is largely due to the
+wisdom and statesmanship of Louis Botha.
+
+    No matter now the rights and wrongs of it;
+    You fought us bravely and we fought you fair.
+    The fight is done. Grip hands! No malice bear!
+    We greet you, brothers, to the nobler strife
+    Of building up the newer, larger life!
+
+    Join hands! Join hands! Ye nations of the stock!
+    And make henceforth a mighty Trust for Peace;--
+    A great enduring peace that shall withstand
+    The shocks of time and circumstance; and every land
+    Shall rise and bless you--and shall never cease
+    To bless you--for that glorious gift of Peace.
+
+Germany, if she had so willed, could have come into that hoped-for Trust
+for Peace.
+
+But Germany would not. She put her own selfish interests before all else
+and so digs her own grave.
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: BOTHA TO BRITAIN
+
+"I have carried out everything in accordance with our compact at
+Vereeniging."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+BELGIUM IN HOLLAND
+
+In the present crisis of Belgian affairs there is much to remind the
+historical student of the events which led to the fall of Antwerp in
+1585, and the outrageous invasion of the Southern Netherlands by the
+army of Parma. Then, as now, Holland opened her arms to her wounded and
+captive sister. The best Flemish scholars and men of letters emigrated
+to the land where Cornheert and Spieghel welcomed them.
+
+Merchants and artisans flocked to a new sphere of energy in Amsterdam.
+Several of the professorial chairs in that city, and in the great
+universities of Leyden and Harderwijk, were filled by learned Flemings,
+and the arts, that had long been flourishing in Brussels, fled northward
+to escape from the desolating Spanish scourge. The grim pencil of
+Raemaekers becomes tender whenever he touches upon the relation of the
+tortured Belgium to her sister, Holland, his own beloved fatherland.
+
+We do not know yet, in this country, a tithe of the sacrifices which
+have been made in Holland to staunch the tears of Belgium. "Your
+sufferings are mine, and so are your fortunes," has been the motto of
+the loyal Dutch.
+
+                                                          EDMUND GOSSE.
+
+[Illustration: THE PROMISE
+
+"We shall never sheath the sword until Belgium recovers all, and more
+than all that she has sacrificed."--Mr. Asquith, 9th November, 1914.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SERBIA
+
+The fight of the one and the four might, in view of the difference in
+the size of the combatants, be called quite fairly "the fight of the one
+and the fifty-three." Each of the assailants has his own character.
+Germany is represented as a ferocious giant; Austria follows Prussia's
+lead, a little the worse for wear, with a bandaged head as the souvenir
+of his former campaign: he does his best to look and act like Germany.
+Bulgaria loses not a moment, but puts his rifle to his shoulder to shoot
+the small enemy: he acts in his own way, according to his own character:
+kill the enemy as quickly as possible and seize the spoil, that is his
+principle. Turkey is a rather broken-down and dilapidated figure, who is
+preparing to use his bayonet, but has not got it quite ready. Serbia,
+erect, with feet firmly planted, stands facing the chief enemy, a little
+David against this big Goliath and his henchman, Austria; and the other
+two, so recently deadly foes, now standing shoulder to shoulder, attack
+him while his attention is directed on Germany.
+
+The leader and "hero" of this assault is Prussia, big, brutal,
+remorseless. The Dutch artist always concentrates the spectator's
+attention on him. You can almost hear the roar coming out of his mouth:
+"Gott strafe Serbien." This is the figure, as Raemaekers paints him,
+that goes straight for his object, regardless of moral considerations.
+Serbia is in his way, and Serbia must be trampled in the mire. The
+artist's sympathy is wholly with Serbia, who is pictured as the man
+fighting against the brute, slight but active and noble in build, facing
+this burly foe.
+
+And poor old Turkey! Always a figure of comedy, never ready in time,
+always ineffective, never fully able to use the weapons of so-called
+"civilization." Let it always be remembered that in the Gallipoli
+peninsula, when the Turks at first were taking no prisoners, but killing
+the wounded after their own familiar fashion with mutilation, for the
+sake of such spoil as could be carried away, Enver Pasha issued an order
+that thirty piastres should be paid for every prisoner brought in alive,
+a noble and humane regulation. Let us hope that the reward was always
+paid, not stolen on the way, as has been so often the case in Turkey.
+
+                                               WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.
+
+[Illustration: SERBIA
+
+"Now we can make an end of him."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+JACKALS IN THE POLITICAL FIELD
+
+When the tiger," says the naturalist, "has killed some large animal,
+such as a buffalo which he cannot consume at one time, the jackals
+collect round the carcase at a respectful distance and wait patiently
+until the tiger moves off. Then they rush from all directions, carousing
+upon the slaughtered buffalo, each anxious to eat as much as it can
+contain in the shortest time."
+
+The human jackal is one of the most squalid and sordid creatures and
+features of war. We saw him in Dublin the other day emerging from his
+slum den to loot Sackville Street. Every battlefield feeds its carrion
+beasts and birds.
+
+This picture of Belgium and its jackals is doubtless only too true. Mr.
+Raemakers and the Dutch have better means of knowing than we. The
+jackal, says the same naturalist, belongs to the _Canidae_, the "dog
+tribe." The scientific name of the true dog is _Canis familiaris,_ "the
+household dog." The jackal is _Canis aureus_, the "gold dog." The
+epithet describes no doubt his colour. The human _Canis aureus_ perhaps
+deserves his title on not less obvious grounds.
+
+"The continent of Europe," the naturalist goes on, "is free from the
+jackal." It was supposed till yesterday to be free from the lion and
+tiger.
+
+But in the prehistoric times of the cave man, geologists say, there was
+both in England and Europe the great "sabre-tooth" tiger. Kipling, who
+knows everything about beasts, knows him and puts him into his "Story of
+Ung": "The sabre-tooth tiger dragging a man to his lair."
+
+To-day the cave tiger has come back and with him the cave jackal. There
+is a terrible beauty about the tiger. The jackal is a mean and hideous
+brute. But both are out of date. Did not Monsieur Capus say the other
+day that Europe "cannot allow a return of the cave epoch?"
+
+                                                        HERBERT WARREN.
+
+[Illustration: JACKALS IN THE POLITICAL FIELD
+
+JACKALS (Flemish Pro-Germans): "What he leaves of Belgium will be
+enough for us."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+A LETTER FROM THE GERMAN TRENCHES
+
+In this cartoon Raemaekers has contrived to indicate powerfully what is
+after all the dominant and peculiar note of the German people. No
+European nation has ever taken war--as people say so "seriously," that
+is, with so much concentration of attention and elaborate preparation,
+as has the German Empire. No people has ever had it so thoroughly
+drilled into its collective mind as have the German subjects of that
+Empire that war is not only, as all Christian people have always
+believed, an expedient lawful and necessary upon occasion, but a thing
+highly desirable in itself, nay, the principal function of a "superior"
+race and the main end of its being.
+
+And yet after all the actual German is never, like the Frenchman, a
+natural and instinctive warrior--any more than he is, like the
+Englishman, a natural and instinctive adventurer. The whole business of
+Prussian militarism, with the half-witted philosophy by which it is
+justified, has to be imposed upon him from without by his masters. He
+fights just as he works, just as he tortures, violates, and murders,
+because he is told to do so by persons in a superior position, holding
+themselves stiffly, dressed in uniform, and able to hit him in the face
+with a whip.
+
+Long before the war the absurd Koepenick incident gave us a glimpse of
+this astonishing docility on its farcical side. Its tragic side is well
+illustrated by the droves of helpless and inarticulate barbarians driven
+into the shambles daily (as at Verdun) for the sole purpose of covering
+up the blunders of their very "efficient" superiors. One could pity the
+wretches if there were not so considerable a leaven of wickedness in
+their stupidity.
+
+                                                      CECIL CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: A LETTER FROM THE GERMAN TRENCHES
+
+"We have gained a good bit, our cemeteries now extend as far as the
+sea."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HIS MASTER'S VOICE
+
+The manipulation of the Press is one of the weapons which Bismarck
+taught German Imperialism to use. Like others it has been developed by
+his successors into an instrument which the master himself would hardly
+have recognized. It is one of the most potent means of that "peaceful
+penetration" of all other countries which was nothing but a preparation
+for war. And it has been used in the war with a purposefulness of aim
+and a versatility of method that betoken long and systematic study. It
+is a ubiquitous influence and the most subtle of all. Yet the Press is
+held in greater contempt by official and other ruling circles in Germany
+than in any other country. They despise the tool, while tacitly
+acknowledging its utility by unsparing use.
+
+This curious state of things is the fault of the Press. What has
+rendered it such a pliant tool in the hands of German Imperialism is
+either credulity or venality; and both are contemptible qualities.
+Credulity is probably the more prevalent, at least in this country,
+where shoals of newspapers, blinded by their own prejudices, were the
+dupes of German duplicity. But there has been venality, too, both crude
+and subtle. The case of the "Vlaamsche Sten," here satirized by
+Raemaekers, is exceptional. So crude and gross a method of influencing
+the Press as bribing the proprietor of a newspaper (probably with the
+aid of threats) to hand it over with its staff and goodwill could hardly
+be practised where any independence survived. It was not practised with
+success even in conquered Flanders, for the staff, to their eternal
+credit, refused to listen to the new master's voice. But there are
+journalists who, less intelligent than the terrier, faithfully accept
+the voice from the _Pickelhaube_ and wag their little tails when they
+hear it. To them is offered the parable which shows their relation to
+their master.
+
+                                                           A. SHADWELL.
+
+[Illustration: HIS MASTER'S VOICE
+
+The _Vlaamsche Stem_ (Flemish Voice), a Flemish paper, was bought by the
+Germans, whereupon the whole staff resigned, as it no longer represented
+its title.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HUN GENEROSITY
+
+The All-Highest, so we are told, loves a joke at another's expense, a
+trait in his character essentially barbaric. Raemaekers reproduces the
+twinkle in the Imperial eye as William of Potsdam offers to a quondam
+ally the foot which belongs to his senile and helpless brother of
+Hapsburg. The roar of anguish from the prostrate octogenarian provokes,
+as we see, not pity but a grim smile. Italy's monarch, we may imagine,
+is muttering to himself:--
+
+_Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes._
+
+The bribe, wrenched from another, was, of course, indignantly rejected,
+but one wonders what the secret feelings of the Hapsburgs may be toward
+the Hohenzollerns. We know that the Turk cherishes no love for the Hun
+who has beguiled him, but we cannot gauge as yet the real strength or
+weakness of the bond between the Huns on the one hand and the Austrians
+and Hungarians on the other. Raemaekers has portrayed Franz Josef flat
+on his back. In the language of the ring he is "down and out." Possibly
+it may have been so from the beginning. At any rate, in this country,
+there is an amiable disposition to regard Franz Josef as a victim rather
+than an accomplice, a weakling writhing beneath the jack-boot of
+Prussia, impotent to hold his own. It may not be so. Time alone will
+reveal the truth.
+
+But this much is reasonably certain. When peace is declared, the sincere
+friendship which once existed between ourselves and the Dual Monarchy
+may be reestablished, but many years must pass before we forgive or
+forget the Huns. They are boasting to-day that as a nation they are
+self-sufficing and self-supporting. Amen! Most of us desire nothing
+better than to leave them alone till they have mended their manners and
+purged themselves of a colossal and unendurable conceit. I cannot
+envisage Huns playing tennis at Wimbledon, or English girls studying
+music at Leipzig. The grass in the streets of Homburg will not, for many
+years, be trodden out by English feet; the harpies of hotel keepers
+throughout the Happy Fatherland will prey, it may be presumed, upon
+their fellow Huns. Then they will fall to "strafing" each other instead
+of England. And then, as now, their mouthings will provoke
+inextinguishable laughter.
+
+                                               HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.
+
+[Illustration: "HAVE ANOTHER PIECE?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+EASTER, 1915
+
+Ever since with the beginning of Christendom a new soul entered the body
+of exhausted Europe, it is true to say that we have not only had a
+certain idea but been haunted by it, as by a ghost. It is the idea
+crystallized in legends like those of St. Christopher and St. Martin.
+But it is equally apparent in the most modern ethics and eloquence, as,
+for instance, when a French atheist orator urged the reconsideration of
+a criminal case by pointing at the pictured Crucifixion which hangs in a
+French Law Court and saying: "Voila la chose jugee." It is the idea when
+that oppressing the lowest we may actually be oppressing the highest,
+and that not even impersonally, but personally. We may be, as it were,
+the victims of a divine masquerade; and discover that the greatest of
+kings can travel incognito.
+
+Such a picture, therefore, as the cartoonist has drawn here can be found
+in all ages of Christian history as a comment on contemporary
+oppression. But while the central figure remains always the same, the
+types of the tyrant and the mocker hold our temporary attention; for
+they are sketched from life and with a living exactitude. Upon one of
+them especially it would be easy to say a great deal: the grinning
+Prussian youth with the spectacles and the monkey face, who is using a
+Prussian helmet instead of the crown of thorns.
+
+Such a scientific gutter-snipe is the real and visible fruit of
+organized German education; he is a much truer type than any gory and
+hairy Hun. In the face of that young atheist there is everything that
+can come from the congestion of the pagan with the _parvenu_; all the
+knowingness that is the cessation of knowledge; and that something which
+always accompanies _real_ atheism--arrested development.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: EASTER, 1915
+
+"And they bowed the knee before Him."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PAN GERMANICUS AS PEACE MAKER
+
+Imagine the feelings of the hindlegs of a stage elephant on being told
+that the performance is to be a continuous one and you will have some
+inkling of the dismay of the Kaiser and his henchman, concealed in the
+plumage of the War Eagle and the Dove of Peace respectively. The one
+bird is as useless as the other in bringing the war to the end desired
+in Berlin. The stage eagle is daily losing its plumage, and is rapidly
+becoming but a moulty apology for the king of birds. As for the dove, it
+has been used so often, with constantly changing olive branch in its
+beak, that it now makes its appearance shamefacedly and absolutely
+without heart.
+
+Imperial eagle mask with half-mad military quasi-deity inside and dove
+of peace, on the German model, with calculating miscalculating
+statesman, you rang the curtain up, you cannot ring it down, either to
+the music of the Hymn of Hate or the Te Deum for peace--the eagle can no
+longer look boldly straight into the sun, looking for his place in it;
+the dove has taken permanent quarters in the German ark as it whirls
+round and round in the whirlpool of impotent effort, ever drawing nearer
+to the final crash. When the Dove of Peace does come, it will be a real
+bird of good omen, not a German reserve officer masquerading as one.
+
+                                                          ALFRED STEAD.
+
+[Illustration: PAN GERMANICUS AS PEACE MAKER
+
+THE DOVE: "They say they do not want peace, as they have time enough."
+
+THE EAGLE: "Alas! That is just what we haven't got."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+GOTT MIT UNS
+
+This picture is a perfectly accurate symbolic study of the German
+Empire. Therefore, naturally, it is one of the most dreadful that were
+ever drawn. In all the gruesome "Dances of Death" in which the fifteenth
+century took so grim a pleasure, no artist ever conceived the horrible
+idea of a fat skeleton. But we have not only conceived the thought, we
+have seen the thing--"a terror in the sunshine." We know that chest,
+puffed up with a wind of pride, and that stomach heavy with slaughter
+and rich living; and above them the Death's Head. We have seen it. We
+have felt its foul breath. Its name is Prussia.
+
+Look at a portrait of Frederick the Great, the "onlie true begetter" of
+this abortion. It oddly suggests what Raemaekers has set down here: the
+face a skull, the staring eyes those of a lost soul. But the skeleton
+has grown fat since Frederick's day--fat on the blood and plunder of
+nations. Only there is no living flesh on its bones, nothing of humanity
+about it.
+
+"Can these dry bones live?" was the question asked of the prophet. It
+might have been asked of Frederick: "Can this nation live, created of
+your foul witchcraft, without honour, without charity, without human
+brotherhood or fellowship, without all that which is the flesh and blood
+of mankind?" The answer must have been that it could live, though with a
+life coming from below and essentially infernal. It could live--for a
+time. It could even have great power because its time was short.
+
+But now it has waxed fat--and kicked. And its end is near.
+
+                                                      CECIL CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: IT'S FATTENING WORK]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+OUR LADY OF ANTWERP
+
+"Here I and sorrows sit. This is my throne, bid Kings come worship it."
+Such seems to be an appropriate legend for Raemaekers' beautiful
+triptych which he has entitled "Our Lady of Antwerp." Full of compassion
+and sympathy for all the sufferings of her people, she sits with the
+Cathedral outlined behind her, her heart pierced with many agonies. On
+the left is one of the many widows who have lost their all in this war.
+On the right is a soldier stricken to death, who has done his utmost
+service for his country and brings the record of his gallantry to the
+feet of Our Lady of Antwerp.
+
+Antwerp, as we know, was at the height of its prosperity in the
+sixteenth century. We have been told that no fewer than five hundred
+ships used to enter her port in the course of a day, while more than two
+thousand could be seen lying in her harbour at one time. Her people
+numbered as many as one million, her fairs attracted merchants from all
+parts of Europe, and at least five hundred million guilders were put
+into circulation every year. We know what followed. Its very prosperity
+proved a bait to the conqueror. In 1576 the city was captured by the
+Spaniards, who pillaged it for three days. Nine years later the Duke of
+Parma conquered it, and about the time when Queen Elizabeth was
+resisting the might of Spain Antwerp's glory had departed and its trade
+was ruined. At the close of the Napoleonic wars the city was handed over
+to the Belgians.
+
+A place of many memories, whose geographical position was well
+calculated to arouse the cupidity of the Germans, was bound to be
+gallantly defended by the little nation to which it now belonged.
+Whether earlier help by the British might or might not have altered the
+course of history we cannot tell. Perhaps it was not soon enough
+realized how important it was to keep the Hun invader from the sacred
+soil. At all events we do not look back on the British Expedition in aid
+of Antwerp in 1914 with any satisfaction, because the assistance
+rendered was either not ample enough or else it was belated, or both. So
+that Our Lady of Antwerp has still to bewail the ruthless tyranny of
+Berlin, though perhaps she looks forward to the time when, once more in
+possession of her own cities, Belgium may enter upon a new course of
+prosperity. We are pledged to restore Belgium, doubly and trebly
+pledged, by the words of the Prime Minister, and justice will not be
+done until the great act of liberation is accomplished.
+
+                                                        W. L. COURTNEY.
+
+[Illustration: OUR LADY OF ANTWERP]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DEPORTATION
+
+Nothing, when one analyzes it, could be imagined more thoroughly
+characteristic of Prussia than the particular stroke of policy by which
+a large proportion of the male population of Belgium--as also in a
+somewhat lesser degree of Northern France--was separated from its family
+ties and hurried away into exile in Germany, there to be compelled to
+work for the profit of enemies.
+
+It had all the marks of Prussianism.
+
+Firstly, it was a violation of the civilized and Christian tradition of
+European arms. By the rules of such warfare the non-combatant was
+spared, wherever possible; not only his life but his property and
+liberty were secure so long as he did not abuse his position.
+
+Secondly, it was an affront to decent human sentiment quite apart from
+technical rules; the man, guilty of no offence save that of belonging to
+a country which Prussia had invaded without justice and ravaged without
+mercy, was torn from his family, who were left to the mercy of their
+opponents. We all know what that mercy was like.
+
+Thirdly, it was an insult to the human soul, for the unfortunate victims
+were not only to be exiled from their country, but to be driven by force
+and terror to serve against it.
+
+Fourthly, and finally, like all the worst Prussian crimes, it was a
+stupid blunder. Prussia has paid already a very high price for any
+advantage she may have gained from the mutinous and unwilling labour of
+these men, and for the swelling of her official return for the
+edification of her own people and of neutrals by the inclusion of
+"prisoners of war" of this description. To-day, when she knows not where
+to turn for men, she is obliged to keep a huge garrison tied up in
+Belgium to guard her line of retreat. And when the retreat itself comes,
+the price will rise even higher, and the nemesis will be both just and
+terrible.
+
+                                                      CECIL CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: HUSBANDS AND FATHERS
+
+Belgian workmen were forcibly deported to Germany.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE GERMAN BAND
+
+The German Band, as we know it in this country, has never been noted for
+harmonious music. Blatancy, stridency, false notes, and persistency
+after the coppers, have been its chief characteristics.
+
+And the same things prevail when it is at home.
+
+Never since the world began has there been such a campaign of barefaced
+humbug and lying as that organized by William, Hindenburg, Hollweg and
+Co. for the deceiving and fleecing of the much-tried countries
+temporarily under their sway.
+
+But the money had to be got in by hook or by crook, and by hook and by
+crook and in every nefarious way they have milked their unfortunate
+peoples dry.
+
+But there is another side to all this. In time, the veil of lies and
+false intelligence of victories in the North Sea, and at Verdun, and,
+indeed, wherever Germany has fought and failed, will be rent by the
+spear of Truth.
+
+Then will come the _debacle_. And then, unless every scrap of grit and
+backbone has been Prussianized out of the Teuton, the revulsion of
+feeling will sweep the oppressors out of existence; and Germany,
+released from the strangle-hold, may rise once more to take the place
+among the civilized nations of the world which, by her foul doings of
+the last two years, she has deliberately forfeited.
+
+                                                          JOHN OXENHAM.
+
+[Illustration: WAR LOAN MUSIC
+
+"Was blazen die Trompeten Moneten heraus?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ARCADES AMBO
+
+Looking at this cartoon one can understand why Raemaekers is not
+_persona grata_ in the Happy Fatherland. With half a dozen touches he
+has changed Satan from the magnificent Prince of Evil whom Gustave Dore
+portrayed into a--Hun. Henceforth we shall envisage Satan as a Hun,
+talking the obscene tongue--now almost the universal language in
+Hades--and hailed by right-thinking Huns as the All Highest War Lord.
+Willy senior must be jealous.
+
+With the learned Professor, the cartoonist not only produces a composite
+portrait of all the _Herren Professoren_, but also drives home the point
+of his amazing pencil into what is perhaps the most instructive lesson
+of this monstrous war--the perversion to evil uses of powers originally
+designed, nourished, and expanded to benefit mankind. When the _Furor
+Teutonicus_ has finally expended itself, we do not envy the feelings of
+the illustrious chemists who perfected poison gas and liquid fire! Will
+they, when their hour comes, find it easy to obey the poet's injunction,
+and, wrapping the mantle of their past about them, "lie down to pleasant
+dreams?"
+
+We are assured that these professors have not exhausted their powers of
+frightfulness. It may be so. This is certain: Such frightfulness will
+ultimately exhaust them. With this reflection, we may leave them, grist
+to be ground by the mills of God.
+
+                                                HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.
+
+[Illustration: ARCADES AMBO
+
+THE PROFESSOR: "I have discovered a new mixture which will blind them in
+half an hour."
+
+SATAN: "You are in very truth my master."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"IS IT YOU, MOTHER?"
+
+Since the opening of hostilities in the present war the Scottish
+regiments have given repeated proofs of a valour which adds new lustre
+to the great traditions of Scottish soldiership. Through all the early
+operations--on the retreat from Mons and at the battles of the Marne and
+the Aisne--the Royal Scots Guards, the Scots Greys, the Gordon, the
+Seaforth and the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, the King's Own
+Scottish Borderers gained many fresh laurels by their heroism and
+undaunted spirit. The London Scottish Territorials, too, have shown a
+prowess as signal as that of the Scots of the Regular Army; while the
+mettle of men of Scottish descent has made glorious contribution in
+France and elsewhere to the fine records of the Overseas armies.
+
+It is the inevitable corollary that death should levy a heavy toll on
+Scottish soldiers in the field. Thousands of kilted youth have suffered
+the fate which Raemaekers depicts in the accompanying cartoon. It is
+not, of course, only the young Scot whose thought turns in the moment of
+death to the hearth of his home with vivid memories of his mother. But
+the word "home" and all that the word connotes often makes a more urgent
+appeal to the Scot abroad than to the man of another nationality. There
+is significance in the fact that, far as the Scots are wont to wander
+over the world's surface, they should, under every sky and in every
+turning fortune, treasure as a national anthem the song which has the
+refrain:--
+
+    "For it's hame, an' it's hame, fain wad I be,
+    O! it's hame, hame, hame, to my ain countrie!"
+
+The German soldier in this war would seem to have lost well nigh all
+touch of humanity. Yet the draughtsman here suggests that even the
+German soldier on occasion yields to the pathos of the young Scot's
+death-cry for home and mother. There is grim irony in the dying man's
+blurred vision which mistakes the hand of his mortal foe for that of his
+mother.
+
+Of such trying scenes is the drama of war composed.
+
+                                                            SIDNEY LEE.
+
+[Illustration: "IS IT YOU, MOTHER?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE FATE OF FLEMISH ART AT THE HANDS OF KULTUR
+
+It will not be possible to estimate the injury suffered by the monuments
+of art wherein Belgium was so rich till the war is ended and the ruins
+examined. Much of the irreparable loss we know, as in the cases of
+Louvain and Ypres. In general we may fairly conjecture that whatever is
+portable behind the German lines is stolen, or will be, and the rest
+destroyed. What is portable is stolen for its cash value, just as are
+money, furniture, clothes, and watches. So much of respect for works of
+art we may expect from the Prussians--the measure of respect for the
+cash shewn by the Prussian general at Termonde who robbed a helpless
+civilian of the 5,000 francs he had drawn to pay his workmen's wages,
+and then called earth and heaven to witness his exalted virtue in not
+also murdering his victim. But what cannot be carried--a cathedral, a
+monument, an ancient window--that is destroyed with an apish zest. Even
+a picture in time or place, inconvenient for removal, that also will be
+defiled, slashed to rags, burnt. And indeed why not? For the best use of
+a work of art as understood among the Prussian pundits is to make it the
+peg whereon to hang some ridiculous breach of statistics, some monstrous
+disquisition of bedevilled theory; and for such purposes a work no
+longer existing so as good as any--even better.
+
+And so the marvels of the centuries go up in dust and flames, and the
+memorials of Memling and Matsijs, Van Eyck, and Rubens are treated as
+the masters' own bodies would have been treated, had fate delayed their
+time till the coming of the Boche.
+
+                                                       ARTHUR MORRISON.
+
+[Illustration: THE FATE OF FLEMISH ART AT THE HANDS OF KULTUR]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE GRAVES OF ALL HIS HOPES
+
+"Look at the map," says the German Chancellor. Look at the map, and mark
+with a cross every German disappointment and you will have a history of
+the war more illuminating than many books on the subject. The Marne,
+Ypres, South Africa, West Africa, Egypt, Bagdad, India, Tripoli, Verdun.
+Look at the map indeed. The map of the world that Germany set out to
+conquer. Consider the vapouring and vainglory that marked each of these
+"successes" in political or military trickery and the fact that of the
+military crosses each upbears above a mountain of losses the refrain of
+the old German song Verdorben--Gestorben--Ruined--Dead.
+
+It is a wonderful map to consider, this map of the world in 1916. A
+wonderful map to be studied by the mothers of the Fatherland who have
+suckled their children to manure the crops of the future, to feed the
+crematoriums and blast furnaces of Belgium, to fill the mad houses,
+blind asylums, and homes for incurables, when the frosts of Russia and
+the guns of the Allies have done with them.
+
+And every cross marks the grave of a hope.
+
+    Paris
+    Regrets eternels.
+
+That wonderful inscription was the first to be cut. Galliene was the
+mason. Verdun was the last and will not be the least. But, whatever may
+come to be written on stone, on the heart of the mourner when he comes
+to die only one inscription will be found: "Calais." If he has a heart
+large enough to have even these six letters.
+
+                                                  H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.
+
+[Illustration: THE GRAVES OF ALL HIS HOPES]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"MY SIXTH SON IS NOW LYING HERE--WHERE ARE YOURS?"
+
+There is a picture in Brussels that the Kaiser ought to study on one of
+his visits to the Belgian capital. It is Wertz's picture of Napoleon in
+Hades.
+
+Wertz was a madman, he knew something of the horrors of war, but he
+knew, also, something of the grandeur and nobility of Napoleon.
+
+Napoleon is surrounded by women holding up the mutilated remains of
+sons, lovers, and fathers, and still he remains Napoleon, the child of
+Destiny, the Inscrutable, the Calm, and, if one may say so, the
+Gentleman.
+
+Women knew, at least, that their dead had fallen before the armies or at
+the will of a great man in those Napoleonic days; there was something of
+Fate in the business.
+
+But to-day the widow or the mourning mother, whilst knowing that her son
+or her husband has fallen in defending Humanity from the Beast can find
+no quarter in their hearts for the form or the shape of manhood that
+stands, in the words of Swinburne:
+
+    "Curse consecrated, crowned with crime and flame!"
+
+No taunt could be too bitter for their lips and none more bitter than
+the words of Raemaekers:
+
+    "My sons are lying here--where are yours?"
+
+                                                  H. DE VERE STACPOOLE.
+
+[Illustration: "MY SIXTH SON IS NOW LYING HERE--WHERE ARE YOURS?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+BUNKERED
+
+The Crown Prince is in a very awkward predicament. He has driven his
+ball into a deep sand-pit from which a very clever professional golfer
+might perhaps extricate himself by a powerful stroke with a niblick. But
+young William is not a professional, and indeed knows nothing about the
+game. So he takes his driver and his other wooden clubs, and smashes
+them all, with much bad language, while he whacks at the ball, which
+only buries itself deeper in the sand. He is pondering what to do next.
+There is, however, only one thing to do. He must take up his ball and
+lose the hole. The real players on his side must be disgusted at being
+saddled with such a partner. But what is to be done when a fool is born
+a war-lord by right of primogeniture? In a few years, in the course of
+nature, this fortunate youth will be the Supreme War-Lord himself; it
+will be his business to "stand in shining armour" by some luckless ally
+who has been selected to pick a quarrel for Germany's benefit, and to
+shake a "mailed fist" in the face of a trembling world. That will be a
+spectacle for gods and men. But perhaps something will happen instead.
+
+                                                            W. R. INGE.
+
+[Illustration: BUNKERED]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+GOTT STRAFE VERDUN
+
+An impartial military verdict on the German strategy and tactics at
+Verdun has not yet been delivered. After the failure of the Allies to
+break through last year, the German higher command issued a paper, which
+has been printed in American newspapers, advocating "nibbling" tactics,
+instead of attempts to carry a strongly fortified line by a coup _de
+main_. The Germans have buoyed up their hopes by assuring each other
+that their troops have been making a slow but methodical progress toward
+the "fortress," according to program. But even if we grant that the
+disproportion in casualties is probably not so great as some of our
+critics have supposed, it is difficult to believe that the enemy was
+prepared for such resistance as he has met with. To all appearance, the
+Germans expected to break through in a few days, and hoped that this
+success would rehabilitate the credit of the paltry young prince whom we
+here see entangled in barbed wire, his uniform in rags, and despair
+depicted on his haggard face. Another confessed failure would finish the
+career of the Crown Prince; and yet there are limits to the endurance of
+any troops, and these limits have now been reached. There is nothing
+left to young William but useless imprecations. He swaggered into this
+war, for which he is partly responsible, expecting to win the reputation
+of a general; he will sneak out of it with the reputation of a burglar.
+
+                                                            W. R. INGE.
+
+[Illustration: GOTT STRAFE VERDUN
+
+"If only I knew whether it is less dangerous to advance or to retire."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE LAST THROW
+
+The first throw, of course, was that great rush which was stayed at the
+Marne by the Genius of Joffre; then there was the throw of the great
+attack on Russia, that which laid waste Serbia, and that which would
+have thrust men down from the Alps on to the Italian plain. In each of
+these Raemaekers' symbolism is applicable, for in each case death threw
+higher than either Germany or Austria could afford.
+
+But in none is the symbolism so terribly fitting as in this case of
+Verdun, where the fighting men went forward in waves and died in
+waves--here death threw higher in every attack than Germany could throw,
+and to such heights was the slaughter pushed that it was, in truth, the
+last throw of which these war-makers were capable. It is significant,
+now that Germany can no longer afford such reckless sacrifices as were
+made before Verdun, that the German press contains allusions to heavy
+sacrifices on the part of the Allies, and tries to point to folly in
+allied policy. Surely, in the matter of sacrifice of life, no nation is
+so well qualified to speak from experience as Germany.
+
+There is clumsy anxiety expressed in every line of the figure that holds
+the dice box, and in every line of the figure in the background is
+nervous fear for the result of the throw--fear that is fully justified.
+But Death, master of the game, waits complacently to mark the score,
+knowing that these two gamblers are the losers--and that the loser pays.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: THE LAST THROW]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE ZEPPELIN BAG
+
+Here the artist has depicted the Kaiser in one of his favourite roles,
+that of a sportsman. In pre-war times it was one of "The All Highest's"
+chief ambitions to be taken for an English sportsman! We believe there
+were people in those now seemingly remote days who took him at his own
+valuation in this regard. Our picture papers were full of photographs of
+him shooting at this or that nobleman's estate, lunching after the
+morning's battue, in the act of shooting, inspecting the day's "bag,"
+etc.; and other pictures were reproduced from the German papers from
+time to time of a similar character showing him as a sportsman in his
+native land.
+
+There is still, thank God, something clean about British sport and
+sportsmen of which the Kaiser never caught the inwardness and spirit. It
+has come out on the battlefields to-day as it has on those of past
+generations. It has taught the British soldier to fight clean, and even
+chivalrously though the foe may be a past master in "knavish tricks,"
+and steeped in unspeakable methods of cruelty in warfare.
+
+How thin the veneer of a sportsmanship was upon the Kaiser, which is
+after all but symbolic of the higher and sterner virtues, all the world
+has had a chance of judging. And in this remarkable and arresting
+drawing the genius of the artist has taken and used a sporting incident
+with telling and even horrifying effect.
+
+In the old days it was pheasants, partridges, grouse, hares, rabbits,
+and other feathered game, with the nobler stags and boars that formed
+"the Butcher of Potsdam's 'bag.'" To-day he has his battues by proxy on
+sea, land, and from the air. Thousands of victims, as innocent as the
+feathered folk he slaughtered of yore; and women and little children
+form the chief items of the bag; and especially is this true of the
+"fruit of the Zeppelin raids."
+
+He counts the bag and rewards the slayers of the innocent as he
+doubtless did the beaters, huntsmen, and keepers of the estates over
+which he formerly shot. It has been his ambition to make Europe one vast
+Kaiserdom estate. But the sands are running out, and each "bag," whether
+by Zeppelin or submarine, serves but to stiffen the backs of the Allies
+and horrify neutral nations. Some day the accumulated horrors of the
+Kaiser's ideas of sportsmanship will have taught the latter the lesson
+that Kaiserdom with Europe as a Kaiser estate means the death of
+liberty, the extinction of the smaller nations, and the setting up of a
+despotism as cruel as that of Attila and his Huns--the self-accepted and
+preached examples of William II of Germany.
+
+                                                         CLIVE HOLLAND.
+
+[Illustration: THE ZEPPELIN BAG]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"COME IN, MICHAEL, I HAVE HAD A LONG SLEEP"
+
+Yes--a long and rejuvenating sleep! The expression upon John's face
+indicates an amazing determination and alertness. It is told of certain
+remarkable men--De Lesseps amongst the number--that they had the faculty
+of sleeping for several days and nights and then remaining wide awake
+and at full tension for an equally long period of time. We may
+confidently predict that John has this faculty. He is not likely to
+slumber again till his work is done, and done thoroughly. Michael's
+expression, I regret to note, is not quite so pleasing as John's. It
+gives "furiously to think," as our gallant and beautiful France puts it,
+that when Michael climbs through the window of the Happy Fatherland, he
+may, perchance, inspire terror in the heart of the Hun, who doubtless
+expects that his enemies, if they do invade the sacred soil, will
+display those Christian qualities of Mercy and Forbearance which have
+been so conspicuous, by their absence, in the treatment of unfortunate
+prisoners upon whom they inflicted the extreme rigour of "Kultur."
+
+Our cartoonist, it will be noticed, has placed sledge hammers in the
+hands of both John and Michael, rather primitive weapons, but most
+admirably adapted for "crushing." And nothing short of crushing will
+satisfy the Allies, despite the futile wiles and whines of Messrs.
+Trevelyan, Ponsonby, Morel, and Macdonald. Crushed they will and must be
+to fine powder. The hammer strokes are falling now with a persistence
+and force which, at long last, reverberates in the cafes and beer
+gardens of Munich and Berlin. The Teuton tongue--a hideous concatenation
+of noise at its best--must be almost inarticulate to-day in its guttural
+chokings and splutterings. "Frightfulness" is coming home to roost.
+
+    With all our hearts we hold out the glad hand to Michael.
+    Come in, and stay in--bless you!
+
+                                               HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL.
+
+[Illustration: "COME IN, MICHAEL, I THINK I'M AWAKE NOW."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+FIVE ON A BENCH
+
+All visions and poems of justice have been full of the refrain of
+_deposuit potentes de sede_; but the bracing reality of such a
+revolution is lost by certain effects of antiquity, by the mists which
+make the past somewhat monochrome, and by the exalted equality of death.
+To say that Belisarius became a beggar means little to us when it seems
+only the difference between a rich and a tattered toga. We do not
+picture Belisarius in a patched pair of trousers: but then we have no
+reason to be angry with Belisarius. But whenever real tyranny and honest
+wrath are reborn among men, there will always be an instant necessity to
+represent the great reversal in the graphic colours of contemporary
+fact. Raemaekers' cartoon, representing the tyrants of Europe reduced to
+that very hopeless modern beggary to which they have driven many
+thousands of very much better men, is perhaps of all his pictures the
+most grim, or what would be called vindictive. I think that such revenge
+is in truth merely realization. The victims of the war have to sit on
+such real benches in such real rags. And being one of the fiercest, it
+is also one of the most delicate of the Dutch artist's studies. Nothing
+could be truer than the insolent and swollen decay of the Jew Ferdinant;
+or the more effeminate collapse of the Kaiser, the very spike on whose
+helmet droops with sentiment.
+
+                                                      G. K. CHESTERTON.
+
+[Illustration: FIVE ON A BENCH
+
+In a year and a half.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+WHAT ABOUT PEACE, LADS?
+
+War--so certain of their own prophets have said--is a "national industry
+of Germany." Here we see a German _chevalier d' industrie_ attempting to
+escape with his swag. Never in modern times has a nation gone to war
+with a more cynical and shameless determination to make the campaign pay
+for itself by the plunder of private property. Quite recently an order
+was found on the body of a German, enjoining all officers to assist in
+the "patriotic duty" of "draining financially the occupied territories."
+We are dealing, not with an honourable and civilized nation, but with a
+band of murdering brigands. The keepers of the national conscience have
+devised a monstrous and barbarous code of ethics, in which "patriotism"
+is the sole duty, and the tribal god the only arbiter of right and
+wrong. As in Roman law, the property of an enemy is for a German _res
+nullius_--it has no owner. And now the prospect of any further loot on a
+large scale seems remote. The speculation has turned out badly, and the
+robber would be glad to cut his losses. The guardians of the law are at
+his heels, and do not mean to let him escape. But will they be able to
+make him disgorge? That will not be easy; and what atonement can be made
+for the innocent blood which drops from those pitiful spoils?
+
+                                                            W. R. INGE.
+
+[Illustration: WHAT ABOUT PEACE, LADS?]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE LIBERATORS
+
+This is one of those cartoons in which the neutral in Raemaekers speaks
+with peculiar force. Such a picture by a Britisher would reasonably be
+discounted as unduly prejudiced, for it is none too easy for us in our
+present stresses to see the other fellow's point of view--in this
+difficult business of the blockade for an instance.
+
+That friendly championing of the rights of neutrals suffering under the
+outrageous tyranny of the British Navy is a thing to which only the
+detached humour of a neutral can do justice. He can testify to the way
+in which the giant strength of that navy, whether in peace or war, has
+been used in the main not in the giants' tyrannous way; he can make
+allowance for the exigencies which have caused occasional arbitrariness
+under the stress of war or even in some untactful moment of peace; he
+can contrast the two main opposing navy's notions of justice, courtesy,
+seamanship--which is sportsmanship.
+
+He can recall that no single right whether of combatant or neutral, of
+state or individual, guaranteed by international law, which the Germans
+have found it convenient or "necessary" to violate has been left
+unviolated; that there is no single method or practice of war condemned
+by the common consent of civilization but has been employed by men who
+even have the candour to declare that they stand above laws and
+guarantees.
+
+And therefore he can make grim, effective fun of the sinister bandit
+with his foot planted on the shackled prisoner that lies between two
+murdered victims fatuously taking in vain the name of freedom.
+
+                                                          JOSEPH THORP.
+
+[Illustration: "Freedom of the land is ours--why should we not have
+freedom of the sea?"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+TOM THUMB AND THE GIANT
+
+The reference in this cartoon is to an incident which, at the time of
+its occurrence, is said to have caused considerable indignation in
+Germany. A Zeppelin, having been on a raiding expedition to England, was
+hit on the return journey, and dropped into the North Sea. The crew,
+clinging to the damaged airship, besought the captain of a British
+trawler to take them off, but the captain, seeing that the Zeppelin crew
+far outnumbered his own, declined to trust them, and left them to their
+fate. Whether the trawler's captain actually "put his thumb unto his
+nose and spread his fingers out" is a matter for conjecture, but under
+the circumstances it is scarcely likely.
+
+The whole point lies in the German view of the trawler's captain and his
+inhuman conduct. He knew, perfectly well, that if he rescued the crew of
+the Zeppelin, the probable reward for himself and crew would be a voyage
+to the nearest German port and interment in a prison camp for the
+remainder of the war--and plenty of reliable evidence is forthcoming as
+to the treatment meted out to men in German prison camps. He knew, also,
+that these men who besought his aid were returning from one of the
+expeditions which have killed more women and children in England than
+able-bodied men, that they had been sharing in work which could not be
+described as even of indirect military value, but was more of the nature
+of sheer murder. And Germany condemned his conduct by every adjective
+that implied brutality and barbarity.
+
+The unfortunate thing about the German viewpoint is that it takes into
+consideration only such points as favour Germany, a fact of which this
+incident affords striking evidence.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: TOM THUMB AND THE GIANT
+
+"Come and save me. You know I am so fond of children."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"WE HAVE FINISHED OFF THE RUSSIANS"
+
+Assuming that the statement with regard to finishing off the Russians
+was actually written--and there is every reason to assume it--one may
+conjecture what memories it recalled. The great battles of the Warsaw
+salient, the drive that lasted for many months through the flats of
+Poland, the struggles of the Vilna salient, and all the time the
+knowledge that mechanism, the guns in which Germany put her trust, were
+shattering Russian legions day after day. Then the gradual settling of
+the eastern line, well into Russia, with all the industrial districts of
+Poland firmly gripped in German hands, and the certainty that though
+Russia had not been utterly broken and forced to a peace, yet so much
+had been accomplished that there was no longer any eastern menace, but
+both Germany and Austria might go about their business of conquest in
+the west, having "finished off" in the east.
+
+But that strong figure with the pistol pointed at the writer, that
+implacable, threatening giant, is a true type of Russia the
+unconquerable. It is a sign that the guns in which Germany put her trust
+have failed her, that the line which was to hold firm during the
+business of conquest in the west has broken--more, it is a sign of the
+doom of the aggressor. The writing of that fat, complacent figure--sorry
+imitator of the world's great conquerors--is arrested, and in place of
+stolid self-conceit there shows fear.
+
+Well-grounded fear. History can show no crimes to equal the rape of
+Belgium and the desolation of Poland at the hands of Germany. The giant
+with the pistol stands not only as a returned warrior, but also as an
+avenger of unspeakable crimes.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: WE HAVE FINISHED OFF THE RUSSIANS
+
+"Wait a moment."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MUDDLE THROUGH
+
+Although this striking cartoon of Raemaekers may, since the consummation
+of Lord Derby's Scheme and the raising of the new armies, be said to
+have lost its sting it cannot be said no longer to have a lesson.
+
+At the time of its first publication the sight of England assailed by
+the central Empires bent on her destruction for having thrown the weight
+of her trident and her sword into the scales on the side of Justice and
+Right against Lawlessness and Might, failed to evoke in many of her sons
+the spirit of patriotism which has since manifested itself in many
+glorious and immortal deeds.
+
+It was difficult for us to realize that we were at war. And at war not
+merely to protect the weak and uphold ideals of national righteousness,
+but for national existence itself. The doctrine of "muddle through" was
+not confined to the War Office and other Government Departments, but
+seemed to permeate the whole nation to a lamentable extent. In the
+cartoon we have three typical men with that fatal "business (or
+pleasure) as usual" expression on their faces. That Germany should seek
+to wrest the trident and sovereignty of the seas from the hand of
+Britain, or should have devastated Belgium and the North Eastern
+Department of France was obviously no personal concern of theirs. Let
+the other chaps fight if they would.
+
+Happily for England and for her gallant Allies the point of the cartoon
+has been blunted, if not entirely destroyed, by subsequent events. But
+the lesson? It is not far to seek. Is it not that had "business as
+usual" not been so gladly adopted as the national creed in the early
+days of war, we might have been happy in the blessings of Peace by now,
+or at least have had Peace much nearer.
+
+We do not envy the men who might have gone but who stayed at home in
+those early days, when their earlier presence on the field of battle
+might have been the means not only of saving many thousands of valuable
+lives, but of shortening the terrible carnage. It would have been a
+thousand times better had the mind which conceived the phrase "business
+as usual" been acute enough to foresee the possible and disastrous
+misapplications of the phrase. Rather would it have been better had the
+idea crystallized in "Do it now."
+
+                                                         CLIVE HOLLAND.
+
+[Illustration: MUDDLE THROUGH]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MY ENEMY IS MY BEST FRIEND
+
+These words of Emerson's express exactly the thought of this cartoon.
+The Netherlands is a country that has been slowly won from the ocean;
+the cruel sea has always been its enemy, at first completely triumphant,
+then gradually resisted and driven forth by the enterprise and toil of
+men; but it is always an enemy to be dreaded. Its inroads have to be
+guarded against by great dykes and by the never-ceasing care and
+industry of the nation. Now and again the floods come, and people barely
+escape in boats from the waters. Yet time and again the enemy has been
+the best friend of the Netherlands. This enemy has saved them from the
+domination of Spain, and now, as the refugees on the floods of last
+winter are escaping from the jaws of death they feel that the water
+which is now an enemy (_vijand_), may to-morrow be a friend (_vriend_);
+for an invasion by the Germans, that ever-dreaded danger to all
+patriotic Dutchmen, can be guarded against only by the friendly help of
+the ocean which can be invoked in case of need to save its own people.
+It was only in the last resort that William the Silent consented to let
+in the sea. He resisted the Spaniards as long as he could, and only when
+all possible chance of further resistance was at an end did he have
+recourse to the sea as the last friend. He saved the country by allowing
+the German Ocean to destroy it. In this cartoon the people in the boats
+regard the sea as their enemy; but an invasion by German armies could
+not be resisted except with the help of the friendly sea, whose voice is
+the voice of Freedom.
+
+                                               WILLIAM MITCHELL RAMSAY.
+
+[Illustration: The Floods in Holland--now a fiend, to-morrow a friend.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+HOW I DEAL WITH THE SMALL FRY
+
+Perhaps only those who have the opportunity of reading the papers
+published in neutral countries, and have made a study of the mendacious
+"news for neutrals" issued by the notorious Woolf Agency and German
+Wireless Bureau, are able to grasp the powerful inner motive which
+actuates Raemaekers in the persistence with which he seeks to drive home
+the tragic stories of Belgium and Luxemburg. At this time of day it
+might seem superfluous to issue a cartoon of this kind. But is it? With
+neutral opinion apparently by no means convinced as yet of the sinister
+designs of Prussianism upon the liberties of Europe and especially of
+smaller nations a drawing of such poignancy and force cannot fail to
+arrest the attention and bring home the lesson of that creed which has
+for its gospel such phrases as "Necessity knows no law" and "Force shall
+rule." It is inconceivable to the thinking mind that there can be a man
+or woman who, with the story of the violation of Belgium and Luxemburg
+before them, can possibly hesitate to brand the German nation with the
+mark of Cain, and tremble at the mere possibility that might should
+triumph over right.
+
+Our wonderment is all the greater when we remember how the Kaiser and
+his murderous hordes have made no secret of their methods. They may in
+the end seek to deny them, to repudiate the deeds of blood and of unholy
+sacrilege and violence which in the early days of war were avowed
+concomitants of their policy, but such disavowal is not yet.
+
+Beneath the Kaiser's heel in bloody reality lie at the present time
+Belgium and unprotected Luxemburg every whit as much as is shown by the
+powerful pencil of the artist.
+
+The reign of lust, cruelty, and destruction is not yet done, though the
+signs and portents of the end are not now a-wanting. The blood of men,
+women, and little children shall not cease to cry aloud for vengeance
+until the Prussian eagle is humbled in the dust, and its power for evil
+is utterly destroyed. This is a good cartoon to bear in mind and look
+upon should "War weariness" ever overtake one. It will be a good one to
+have upon one's wall when peace talk is head in the land.
+
+Thomas Moore may be said to have composed an epitaph for Prussianism
+three-quarters of a century ago when he wrote the lines:
+
+    "Accursed is the march of that glory
+    Which treads o'er the hearts of the free."
+
+A great statesman has declared "the Allies will not sheathe the sword
+until Justice is vindicated." Let us add "and until reparation is
+exacted to the uttermost farthing from these responsible for this bloody
+conflict and its diabolical crimes, whether the perpetrators be high or
+low."
+
+                                                         CLIVE HOLLAND.
+
+[Illustration: How I deal with the small fry.]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE TWO EAGLES
+
+A double-edged satire on both political birds. Neither is a true eagle.
+They have talons but nothing of the noble air proper to the king of
+birds. The German bird is not an eagle but a vulture; and he is in a
+sorry plight, with torn and ruffled feathers, dishevelled, dripping
+blood. He is disappointed, angry, soured, and unhappy. Yet he is
+straightforward about it. He makes no attempt to disguise his feelings,
+but glares at the other with the indignation of one who has been
+deceived written on his face and vibrating in his voice.
+
+And his reproach gets home. The American bird, who is bigger and stands
+on a bigger rock, is sleek enough except about the head which is a bit
+ruffled. But he is more of a raven than an eagle in his sable plumes of
+professional cut, and he is obviously not at ease. He does not look the
+other in the face. He stares straight in front of him at nothing with a
+forced, hard and fixed smile, obviously assumed because he has no reply
+to make.
+
+During the war many indiscreet phrases have dropped from the lips of
+prominent persons who must bitterly regret them and wish them buried
+deep in oblivion. But they stand on record, and history will not let
+them die. "Too proud to fight" is the most unfortunate of all, and when
+others are forgotten it will remain, because it has a general
+application. Mr. Raemaekers exposes its foolishness here with a single
+masterly touch and he puts the exposure in the right mouth. The cartoon
+is an illuminating epitome of the interminable exchange of notes between
+the two Powers on submarine warfare.
+
+                                                           A. SHADWELL.
+
+[Illustration: "I thought you said you were too proud to fight."]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LONDON--INSIDE THE SAVOY
+
+At first glance this cartoon would seem to imply that the people inside
+the Savoy had little interest in the war, for the figures in evening
+dress are well in the foreground; a count of heads, however, will show
+six, and possibly seven men in uniform and only four in civilian attire,
+and of the soldiers not one is dancing--they are lookers-on at these
+strange beings who pursue the ordinary ways of life.
+
+Of such beings, not many are left--certainly not this proportion of four
+to six, or four to seven. Compulsion has thinned the ranks of the
+shirkers down to an irreducible minimum, and a visit to the Savoy at any
+time in the last six months of 1916 would show khaki entirely
+preponderant, just as it is in the streets. These correctly dressed and
+monocled young men have been put into the national machine, and moulded
+into fighting material--their graves are thick in Flanders and along the
+heights north of the Somme, and they have proved themselves equal and
+superior to what had long been regarded as the finest fighting forces of
+Europe.
+
+It is in reality no far cry from the Somme fighting area to the light
+and the music of the Savoy, and a man may dance one night and die under
+a German bullet the next--many have already done so. Here the artist
+shows the lighter side of British life to-day, but one has only to turn
+to the companion cartoon to this, "Outside the Savoy," to see that he
+realizes London as thoroughly in earnest about the war.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: LONDON--INSIDE THE SAVOY]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LONDON--OUTSIDE THE SAVOY
+
+The newsboy, under military age; one man, well over military age; three
+women--and all the rest in uniform--even the top of the bus that shows
+in the distance is filled with soldiers. Thus Raemaekers sees the
+Strand, one of the principal thoroughfares of the heart of the British
+Empire.
+
+For the sake of contrast with the companion cartoon, "Inside the Savoy,"
+there is a slight exaggeration in this view of London street life in
+war-time--the proportion of civilians to soldiers is necessarily greater
+than this, or the national life could not go on. A host of industries
+are necessary to the prosecution of the war, and it falls to some men to
+stay behind--many of them unwillingly.
+
+There was a time, in the early days, when Britain suffered from an
+under-estimate of the magnitude of this task of war--a time which the
+cartoon "Inside the Savoy" typifies in its presentment of careless
+enjoyment. But that attitude was soon dispelled, and it is significant
+of the spirit of the nation that only when nine-tenths of the necessary
+army had been raised by voluntary--indeed, this is a certainty, for not
+until long after the cartoon was published did any conscripts appear in
+the streets. Though, in the proportion of soldiers to civilians, the
+cartoon may exaggerate, in its presentment of the spirit of the nation,
+and of the determination of the nation with regard to the war, it is
+true to life.
+
+                                                     E. CHARLES VIVIAN.
+
+[Illustration: LONDON--OUTSIDE THE SAVOY]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE INVOCATION
+
+This drawing touches the highest level of the draughtsman's art and
+demonstrates the unique power of the pencil in a master hand. So simple,
+so true, so complete, so direct and so eloquent is the message that
+words can add nothing to it. They can only pay a tribute of
+appreciation.
+
+Everybody can read the meaning at a glance; none can read it wholly
+unmoved. For here is pure humanity, which none can escape, the primal
+instinct without which man that is born of woman would not be. Before
+this weak, bowed, and homely figure Knowledge is silent, Pride and
+Passion are rebuked. Strength is shamed. Motherhood and mother-love
+transcend them all.
+
+There is here nothing of anger, no thought of hostility or revenge, no
+trace of evil passion. Only a mother yearning after her son and pleading
+to another mother, the Divine type of motherhood, the Mother of God. And
+what she asks is so little, only to see him again. She has given him, as
+the mother to whom she prays gave her Son, and she does not demand him
+back. She reproaches no one, accuses no one, makes no complaint and no
+claim for herself, but meekly pleads that she may be allowed to see him
+again to still the longing in her breast. She is a woman of the people,
+a simple peasant, but she personifies all mothers in every war, as she
+bows her silvered head in humble prayer at the way-side shrine.
+
+                                                           A. SHADWELL.
+
+[Illustration: MON FILS--BELGIUM, 1914
+
+"Let me see him again, Holy Virgin!"]
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS
+GARDEN CITY, N. Y.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Raemaekers' Cartoons, by Louis Raemaekers
+
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