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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Wright's Chaste Wife, by Adam of Cobsam
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Wright's Chaste Wife
+       A Merry Tale (about 1462)
+
+Author: Adam of Cobsam
+
+Editor: Frederick J. Furnivall
+
+Release Date: December 26, 2005 [EBook #17400]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WRIGHT'S CHASTE WIFE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Starner, Taavi Kalju and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note:
+
+Letters that could not be fully displayed are "unpacked" and shown
+top-to-bottom within braces:
+
+{GH}, {gh} for small and capital yogh.
+{l~l} for double l with a tilde through.
+{=u} for u with a macron.
+{h-} for h with a line through the top.
+{rh} for r with a upwards hook attached to the horizontal stem.
+{m~} for a m with a loop back over the character.
+{n)} for a n with a ) attached to the right side.
+{d+} for the d with a little crook attached to the top right of the d.
+{/ĉ} for an ae ligature with an acute accent.
+
+There is also one instance of (on line 391 of the poem) a m with a )
+attached to the right side (rendered as {m)} and looks like), but this
+is probably a typo for {m~}. I have left this as is.
+
+Text and letters in brackets [ ] is original.
+
+Obvious typos are corrected in this e-text.]
+
+
+
+
+The Wright's Chaste Wife.
+
+
+Early English Text Society
+
+Original Series, No. 12
+
+
+1865
+
+Reprinted 1891, 1905, 1965
+
+
+Price 7_s._ 6_d._
+
+
+
+
+The
+
+Wright's Chaste Wife,
+
+OR
+
+"A Fable of a wryg{h-}t that was maryde to a pore
+ wydows dowt_re_ / the whiche wydow havyng
+  noo good to geve w_i_t_h_ her / gave as for
+   a p_re_cyous Johe{l~l} to hy_m_ a Rose
+    garlond / the whyche sche affermyd
+     wold nev_er_ fade while sche
+      kept truly her wedlok."
+
+
+A Merry Tale, by Adam of Cobsam.
+
+
+_From a MS. in the Library of the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth,
+about 1462 A.D._
+
+
+COPIED AND EDITED BY
+FREDERICK J. FURNIVALL.
+
+
+  _Published for_
+THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY
+  _by the_
+OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
+LONDON · NEW YORK · TORONTO
+
+
+FIRST PUBLISHED 1865
+
+REPRINTED 1891, 1905, 1965.
+
+
+Original Series No. 12
+
+
+REPRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY RICHARD CLAY
+(THE CHAUCER PRESS) LTD., BUNGAY, SUFFOLK
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+Good wine needs no bush, and this tale needs no Preface. I shall not
+tell the story of it--let readers go to the verse itself for that; nor
+shall I repeat to those who begin it the exhortation of the englisher of
+_Sir Generides_,
+
+      "for goddes sake, or ye hens wende,
+    Here this tale unto the ende."--(ll. 3769-70.)
+
+If any one having taken it up is absurd enough to lay it down without
+finishing it, let him lose the fun, and let all true men pity him.
+Though the state of morals disclosed by the story is not altogether
+satisfactory, yet it is a decided improvement on that existing in Roberd
+of Brunne's time in 1303, for he had to complain of the lords of his
+day:
+
+    Also do ŝese lordynges,
+    Ŝe[y] trespas moche yn twey ŝynges;
+    Ŝey rauys a mayden a{gh}ens here wyl,
+    And mennys wyuys ŝey lede awey ŝertyl.
+    A grete vylanye ŝarte he dous
+    {GH}yf he make therof hys rouse [boste]:
+    Ŝe dede ys confusyun,
+    And more ys ŝe dyffamacyun.
+
+The volume containing the poem was shown to me by Mr Stubbs, the
+Librarian at Lambeth, in order that I might see the version of Sir
+Gyngelayne, son of Sir Gawain, which Mr Morris is some day, I trust, to
+edit for the Society in one of his Gawain volumes.[1] Finding the
+present poem also on the paper leaves, I copied it out the same
+afternoon, and here it is for a half-hour's amusement to any reader who
+chooses to take it up.
+
+The handwriting of the MS. must be of a date soon after 1460, and this
+agrees well with the allusion to Edward the Fourth's accession, and the
+triumph of the White Rose o'er the Red alluded to in the last lines of
+the poem. The Garlond,
+
+    It was made ...
+    Of flourys most of honoure,
+    Of roses whyte ŝat wy{l~l} nott fade,
+    Whych floure a{l~l} ynglond doth glade....
+    Vn-to the whych floure I-wys
+    The loue of God and of the comonys
+    Subdued bene of ryght.
+
+For, that the Commons of England were glad of their Yorkist king, and
+loved Duke Richard's son, let Holinshed's record prove. He testifies:
+
+     "Wherevpon it was againe demanded of the commons, if they would
+     admit and take the said erle as their prince and souereigne lord;
+     which all with one voice cried: Yea, yea....
+
+     "Out of the ded stocke sprang a branch more mightie than the stem;
+     this Edward the Fourth, a prince so highlie fauoured of the peple,
+     for his great liberalite, clemencie, vpright dealing, and courage,
+     that aboue all other, he with them stood in grace alone: by reason
+     whereof, men of all ages and degrees to him dailie repaired, some
+     offering themselues and their men to ioepard their liues with him,
+     and other plentiouslie gaue monie to support his charges, and to
+     mainteine his right."
+
+Would that we knew as much of Adam of Cobsam as of our White-Rose king.
+He must have been one of the Chaucer breed,[2] but more than this poem
+tells of him I cannot learn.
+
+_3, St George's Square, N.W.,
+23 November, 1865._
+
+P.S.--There are other Poems about Edward IV. in the volume, which will
+be printed separately.[3] One on Women is given at the end of the
+present text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PP.S. 1869.--Mr C.H. Pearson, the historian of the Early and Middle Ages
+of England, has supplied me with the immediate original of this story.
+He says:
+
+     "The Wright's Chaste Wife is a reproduction of one of the _Gesta
+     Romanorum_, cap. 69, de Castitate, ed. Keller. The Latin story
+     begins 'Gallus regnavit prudens valde.' The Carpenter gets a shirt
+     with his wife, which is never to want washing unless one of them is
+     unfaithful. The lovers are three Knights (_milites_), and they are
+     merely kept on bread and water, not made to work; nor is any wife
+     introduced to see her lord's discomfiture. The English version,
+     therefore, is much quainter and fuller of incident than its
+     original. But the 'morality' of the Latin story is rich beyond
+     description. 'The wife is holy Mother Church,' 'the Carpenter is
+     the good Christian,' 'the shirt is our Faith, because, as the
+     apostle says, it is impossible to please God without faith.' The
+     Wright's work typifies 'the building up the pure heart by the works
+     of mercy.' The three Knights are 'the pride of life, the lust of
+     the eyes, and the lust of the flesh.' 'These you must shut up in
+     the chamber of penance till you get an eternal reward from the
+     eternal King.' 'Let us therefore pray God,' &c."
+
+With the Wright's Chaste Wife may also be compared the stories mentioned
+in the Notes, p. 20, and the Ballad "The Fryer well fitted; or
+
+    A Pretty jest that once befel,
+    How a maid put a Fryer to cool in the well"
+
+printed "in the Bagford Collection; in the Roxburghe (ii. 172); the
+Pepys (iii. 145); the Douce (p. 85); and in _Wit and Mirth, an Antidote
+to Melancholy_, 8vo. 1682; also, in an altered form, in Pills to purge
+Melancholy, 1707, i. 340; or 1719, iii. 325"; and the tune of which,
+with an abstract of the story, is given in Chappell's _Popular Music_,
+i. 273-5. The Friar makes love to the Maid; she refuses him for fear of
+hell-fire.
+
+    Tush, quoth the Friar, thou needst not doubt;
+    If thou wert in Hell, I could sing thee out.
+
+So she consents if he'll bring her an angel of money. He goes home to
+fetch it, and she covers the well over with a cloth. When he comes back,
+and has given her the money, she pretends that her father is coming,
+tells the Friar to run behind the cloth, and down he flops into the
+well. She won't help him at first, because if he could sing her out of
+hell, he can clearly sing himself out of the well: but at last she does
+help him out, keeps his money because he's dirtied the water, and sends
+him home dripping along the street like a new-washed sheep.
+
+[Footnote 1: The since printing of the Romance in the Percy Folio MS.
+Ballads and Romances, (_Lybius Disconius_, ii. 404,) will probably
+render this unnecessary. (1869.)]
+
+[Footnote 2: Chaucer brings off his Carpenter, though, triumphant, and
+not with the swived wife and broken arm that he gives his befooled
+Oxford craftsman in _The Milleres Tale_. (1869.)]
+
+[Footnote 3: In _Political, Religious, and Love Poems_, E.E. Text Soc.,
+1867.]
+
+
+
+
+                    THE WRIGHT'S CHASTE WIFE.
+
+                    [_MS. Lambeth 306, leaves 178-187._]
+
+
+                    A{l~l}myghty god, maker of all_e_,
+My sovereigns,      Saue you my sou_er_eyns in towre & hall_e_,
+                      And send yo{=u} good grace!                      3
+                    If ye wy{l~l} a stounde blynne,
+I will tell you     Of a story I wy{l~l} begynne,
+a tale                And telle you a{l~l} the cas,                    6
+                    Meny farleyes ŝat I haue herd_e_,
+                    Ye would haue wondyr how yt ferde;
+                      Lystyn, and ye scha{l~l} here;                   9
+of a wright         Of a wryght I wy{l~l} you telle,
+of this land,       That some tyme in thys land gan dwelle,
+                      And lyued by hys myster.                        12
+who, at work, was   Whether that he were yn or owte,
+afraid of no        Of erthely man hadde he no dowte,
+earthly man.          To werke hows, harowe, nor plowgh,              15
+                    Or other werkes, what so they were,
+                    Thous wrought he hem farre and nere,
+                      And dyd tham wele I-nough.                      18
+At first he would   Thys wryght would wedde no wyfe,
+wed no wife,        Butt yn yougeth to lede hys lyfe
+[leaf 178, back]      In myrthe and oŝer melody;                      21
+for wherever he     Ou_er_ a{l~l} where he gan wende,
+went he was         A{l~l} they seyd "welcome, frende,
+welcome;              Sytt downe, and do gla[d]ly."                   24
+but at last he      Ty{l~l} on a tyme he was wyllyng,   THE WRIGHT FALLS
+wished              As tyme comyth of all_e_ thyng,     IN LOVE, AND
+                      (So seyth the p_ro_fesye,)        PROPOSES.     27
+to have a spouse    A wyfe for to wedde & haue
+to look after his   That myght hys goodes kepe and saue,
+goods.                And for to leue a{l~l} foly.                    30
+A widow near had a  Ther dwellyd a wydowe in ŝat contre
+fair daughter       That hadde a doughter feyre & fre;
+                      Of her, word sprang wyde,                       33
+true and meek.      For sche was bothe staby{l~l} & trewe,
+                    Meke of maners, and fey{rh} of hewe;
+                      So seyd men in that tyde.                       36
+                    The wryght seyde, "so god me saue,
+Her the wright        Such a wyfe would I haue
+would like to lie     To lye nyghtly by my syde."                     39
+by him,             He ŝought to speke wyth ŝat may,
+and therefore went  And rose erly on a daye
+to her mother         And ŝyder gan he to ryde.                       42
+                    The wryght was welcome to ŝe wyfe,
+                    And her saluyd a{l~l} so blyve,
+                      And so he dyd her doughter fre:                 45
+and proposed for    For the erand that he for ca{m~}
+the maiden.         Tho he spake, ŝat good yema{n)};
+                      Than to hym seyd sche:                          48
+The mother says     The wydowe seyd, "by heuen kyng,
+she can only give   I may geue wyth her no ŝing,
+him as a portion      (And ŝat forthynketh me;)                       51
+a garland           Saue a garlond I wy{l~l} the geue,
+                    Ye scha{l~l} neu_er_ see, whyle ye lyve,
+                      None such in thys contre:                       54
+of roses            Haue here thys garlond of roses ryche,
+                    In a{l~l} thys lond ys none yt lyche,
+that will keep its    For ytt wy{l~l} eu_er_ be newe,                 57
+colour  [leaf 179]  Wete ŝou wele w_i_t_h_owtyn fable,
+while his wife is   A{l~l} the whyle thy wyfe ys stable
+true,                 The chaplett wolle hold hewe;                   60
+but change when     And yf thy wyfe vse putry,        HE RECEIVES A
+she is faithless.   Or tolle eny man to lye her by,   ROSE GARLAND
+                      Than wolle yt change hewe,      WITH HIS WIFE.  63
+                    And by the garlond ŝou may see,
+                    Feky{l~l} or fals yf ŝat sche be,
+                      Or ellys yf sche be trewe."                     66
+The wright is       Of thys chaplett hym was fu{l~l} fayne,
+delighted with his  And of hys wyfe, was nott to layne;
+garland and wife,     He weddyd her fu{l~l} sone,                     69
+marries her and     And ladde her home wyth solempnite,
+takes her home;     And hyld her bryda{l~l} dayes thre.
+                      Whan they home come,                            72
+and then begins to  Thys wryght in hys hart cast,
+think that when he  If that he walkyd est or west
+is out at work        As he was wonte to done,                        75
+men will try to     "My wyfe ŝat ys so bryght of ble,
+corrupt his wife.   Men wolle desyre he{rh} fro me,
+                      And ŝat hastly and sone;"                       78
+So he plans a       Butt sone he hym byŝought
+crafty room and     That a chambyr schuld be wrought
+tower,                Bothe of lyme and stone,                        81
+                    Wyth wallys strong as eny stele,
+                    And dorres sotylly made and wele,
+                      He owte framyd yt sone;                         84
+and builds it soon  The chambyr he lett make fast,
+with plaster of     Wyth plast_er_ of parys ŝ_a_t wy{l~l} last,
+Paris,                Such ous know I neu_er_ none;                   87
+which no one could  Ther ys [ne] kyng ne emp_er_oure,
+ever get out of if  And he were lockyn in ŝat towre,
+he once got into      That cowde gete owte of ŝat wonne.              90
+it,                 Nowe hath he done as he ŝought,
+                    And in the myddes of the flore wrought
+for there was a       A wondyr strange gyle,                          93
+trapdoor in the     A trapdoure rounde abowte
+[leaf 179, back]    That no man myght come yn nor owte;
+middle,               It was made wyth a wyle,                        96
+and if any one      That who-so touchyd yt eny thyng,       THE WRIGHT
+only touched it,    In to ŝe pytt he schuld flyng           GOES TO
+down he'd go into     Wythyn a lyty{l~l} whyle.             WORK, AND 99
+a pit.              For hys wyfe he made that place,        LEAVES HIS
+This was to stop    That no man schuld beseke her of grace, WIFE AT
+any tricks with       Nor her to begyle.                    HOME.    102
+his wife.
+Just then the town  By ŝat tyme ŝe lord of the towne
+Lord                Hadde ordeynyd tymbyr redy bowne,
+                      An halle to make of tre.                       105
+sends for him to    Aft_er_ the wryght the lord lett sende,
+build a Hall,       For ŝat he schuld wyth hym lende
+(a job for two or     Monythys two or thre.                          108
+three months,)      The lord seyd, "woult ŝou haue ŝi wyfe?
+and offers to       I wy{l~l} send aft_er_ her blyve
+fetch his wife        That sche may com to the."                     111
+too.                The wryght hys garlond hadde take w_y_t_h_ hy{m~},
+                    That was bryght and no ŝing dymme,
+                      Yt wes feyre on to see.                        114
+He sees the         The lord axyd hym as he satt,
+wright's garland,   "Felowe, where hadyst ŝou ŝis hatte
+and asks what it      That ys so feyre and newe?"                    117
+means.              The wryght answerd a{l~l} so blyue,
+"Sir, it will       And seyd, "syr, I hadde yt wyth my wyfe,
+                      And ŝat dare me neue{rh} rewe;                 120
+tell me whether my  Syr, by my garlond I may see
+wife is false or    Feky{l~l} or fals yf ŝat sche be,
+true;                 Or[1] yf ŝat sche be trewe;                    123
+and will change     And yf my wyfe loue a p_ar_amoure,
+its colour if she   Than wy{l~l} my garlond vade coloure,
+go wrong."            And change wy{l~l} yt the hewe."               126
+                    The lord ŝought "by godys myght,
+"I'll try that,"    That wy{l~l} I wete thys same nyght
+thinks the Lord,      Whether thys tale be trewe."                   129
+and goes to the     To the wryghtys howse anon he went,
+wright's wife.      He fonde the wyfe ther-in p_re_sente
+[leaf 180]            That was so bryght and schene;     THE LORD    132
+                    Sone he hayled her trewly,           BRIBES THE
+                    And so dyd sche the lord curtesly:   WRIGHT'S WIFE
+                      Sche seyd, "welcome ye be;"        TO LIE WITH 135
+                    Thus seyd the wyfe of the hows,      HIM.
+She asks after her  "Syr, howe faryth my swete spouse
+husband               That hewyth vppon you{rh} tre?"                138
+but the Lord        "Sertes, dame," he seyd, "wele,
+                    And I am come, so haue I hele,
+                      To wete the wylle of the;                      141
+declares his own    My loue ys so vppon the cast
+love for her,       That me thynketh my hert wolle brest,
+                      It wolle none otherwyse be;                    144
+and prays her to    Good dame, graunt me thy grace
+grant him his       To pley with the in some preuy place
+will.                 For gold and eke for fee."                     147
+She entreats him    "Good syr, lett be youre fare,
+to let that be,     And of such wordes speke no mare
+                      For hys loue ŝat dyed on tre;                  150
+                    Hadde we onys begonne ŝat gle,
+                    My husbond by his garlond myght see;
+                      For sorowe he would wexe woode."               153
+but he presses      "Certes, dame," he seyd, "naye;
+her,                Loue me, I pray you, in ŝat ye maye:
+                      For godys loue change thy mode,                156
+and offers her 40   Forty marke scha{l~l} be youre mede
+marks.              Of sylu_er_ and of gold[_e_] rede,
+                      And that scha{l~l} do the good."               159
+On this she         "Syr, that deede scha{l~l} be done;
+consents if he'll   Take me that mony here anon_e_."
+put down the          "I swere by the holy rode                      162
+money.              I thought when I cam hydde{rh}
+                    For to bryng[2] yt a{l~l} to-gydde{rh},
+                      As I mott broke my heele."                     165
+The 40 marks she    Ther sche toke xl marke
+takes               Of syluer and gold styff and sterke:
+                      Sche toke yt feyre and welle;           THE    168
+and tells him to    Sche seyd, "in to the chambyr wy{l~l} we, LORD IS
+go [leaf 180, back] Ther no man scha{l~l} vs see;             DROPPED
+into the secret       No lenger wy{l~l} we spare."                   171
+chamber.            Vp the steyer they gan[3] hye:            THROUGH
+Upstairs he goes,   The stepes were made so queyntly          A TRAPDOOR,
+                      That farther myght he nott fare.               174
+stumbles,           The lord stumbyllyd as he went in hast,
+and pops down 40    He fe{l~l} doune in to ŝat chaste
+feet through the      Forty fote and somedele more.                  177
+wright's trapdoor.  The lord began to crye;
+                    The wyfe seyd to hym in hye,
+                      "Syr, what do ye there?"                       180
+He prays the        "Dame, I can nott seye howe
+                    That I am come hydder nowe
+                      To thys hows ŝat ys so newe;                   183
+                    I am so depe in thys sure flore
+                    That I ne can come owte att no dore;
+good dame to have     Good dame, on me ŝou rewe!"                    186
+pity on him.        "Nay," sche seyd, "so mut y the,
+"Nay," says she,    Ty{l~l} myne husbond come and se,
+"not till my          I schrewe hym ŝat yt ŝought."                  189
+husband sees you."  The lord arose and lokyd abowte
+The Lord tries to   If he myght eny where gete owte,
+get out, but          Butt yt holpe hy{m~} ryght nog{h-}t,           192
+can't,              The wallys were so thycke w_y_t_h_y{n)},
+                    That he no where myght owte wynne
+                      But helpe to hy{m~} were brought;              195
+and then threatens  And eu_er_ the lord made euy{l~l} chere,
+the wife,           And seyd, "dame, ŝou schalt by thys dere."
+                      Sche seyd that sche ne roug{h-}t;              198
+but she doesn't     Sche seyd "I recke nere
+care for that,      Whyle I am here and ŝou art there,
+                      I schrewe herre ŝat ŝe doth drede."            201
+                    The lord was sone owte of her ŝought,
+and goes away to    The wyfe went in to her lofte,
+her work.             Sche satte and dyd her dede.        AND HAS    204
+Next day the Lord   Than yt fe{l~l} on ŝat oŝer daye,     TO BEAT FLAX
+begs for food.      Of mete and drynke he gan her p_ra_y, TO EARN HIS
+                      There of he hadde gret nede.        DINNER.    207
+[leaf 181]          He seyd, "dame, for seynt charyte,
+                    Wyth some mete ŝou comfort me."
+"You'll get none      Sche seyd, "nay, so god me spede,              210
+from me             For I swere by swete seynt Iohn_e_,
+                    Mete ne drynke ne getyst ŝou none
+unless you sweat      Butt ŝou wylt swete or swynke;                 213
+for it," says she;  For I haue both hempe and lyne,
+"spin me some       And a betyngstocke fu{l~l} fyne,
+flax."                And a swyngy{l~l} good and grete;              216
+                    If ŝou wylt worke, tell me sone."
+He says he will:    "Dame, bryng yt forthe, yt scha{l~l} be done,
+                      Fu{l~l} gladly would I ete."                   219
+she throws him the  Sche toke the stocke in her honde,
+tools,              And in to the pytt sche yt sclang
+                      With a grete hete:                             222
+the flax and hemp,  Sche brought the lyne and hempe on her backe,
+and says, "Work     "Syr lord," sche seyd, "haue ŝou ŝat,
+away."                And lerne for to swete."                       225
+                    Ther sche toke hym a bonde
+                    For to occupy hys honde,
+                      And bade hym fast on to bete.                  228
+He does,            He leyd yt downe on the[4] stone,
+lays on well,       And leyd on strockes we{l~l} good wone,
+                      And sparyd nott on to leyne.                   231
+                    Whan ŝat he hadde wrought a thraue,
+and then asks for   Mete and drynke he gan to craue,
+his food,             And would haue hadde yt fayne;                 234
+                    "That I hadde somewhat for to ete
+                    Now aft_er_ my gret swete;
+                      Me thynketh yt were ryg{h-}t,                  237
+for he's toiled     For I haue labouryd nyght and daye
+night and day.      The for to plese, dame, I saye,
+                      And therto putt my myght."                     240
+The wife            The wyfe seyd "so mutt I haue hele,  THE STEWARD
+                    And yf ŝi worke be wrought wele      RESOLVES TO
+                      Thou schalt haue to dyne."         TEMPT THE   243
+gives him meat      Mete and drynke sche hym bare,       WRIGHT'S
+[leaf 181, back]      Wyth a thrafe of flex mare         WIFE.
+and drink             Of fu{l~l} long boundyn lyne.                  246
+and more flax,      So feyre the wyfe the lord gan praye
+and keeps him up    That he schuld be werkyng aye,
+to his work.          And nought ŝat he schuld blynne;               249
+                    The lord was fayne to werke tho,
+                    Butt hys men knewe nott of hys woo
+                      Nor of ŝer lordes pyne.                        252
+
+The Steward asks    The stuard to ŝe wryght gan saye,
+the wright after    "Sawe ŝou owte of my lord to-daye,
+his Lord,             Whether that he ys wende?"                     255
+                    The wryght answerde and seyd "naye;
+                    I sawe hym nott syth yesterdaye;
+                      I trowe ŝat he be schent."                     258
+then notices the    The stuard stode ŝe wryght by,
+garland,            And of hys garlond hadde ferly
+                      What ŝat yt be-mente.                          261
+and asks who gave   The stuard seyd, "so god me saue,
+it him.             Of thy garlond wondyr I haue,
+                      And who yt hath the sent."                     264
+"Sir, it will tell  "Syr," he seyd, "be the same hatte
+me whether my wife  I can knowe yf my wyfe be badde
+goes bad."            To me by eny other ma{n)};                     267
+                    If my floures ouŝer fade or falle,
+                    Then doth my wyfe me wrong wyth-all_e_,
+                      As many a woman ca{n)}."                       270
+"I'll prove that    The stuard ŝought "by godes myg{h-}t,
+this very night,"   That scha{l~l} I preue thys same nyg{h-}t
+says the steward,     Whether ŝou blys or banne,"                    273
+gets plenty of      And in to hys chambyr he gan gone,
+money, and goes     And toke tresure fu{l~l} good wone,
+off                   And forth he spedde hem tha{n)}.     AND       276
+                    Butt he ne stynt att no stone          THINKS
+to the wright's     Ty{l~l} he vn-to ŝe wryghtes hows come HE HAS
+house,                That ylke same nyg{h-}t.             SUCCEEDED 279
+                    He mett the wyfe amydde the gate,      SO WELL.
+takes her round     Abowte ŝe necke he gan her take,
+the neck,             And seyd "my dere wyght,                       282
+[leaf 182]          A{l~l} the good ŝat ys myne
+and offers her all  I wy{l~l} the geue to be thyne
+he has, to lie by     To lye by the a{l~l} nyght."                   285
+her that night.     Sche seyd, "syr, lett be thy fare,
+She refuses,        My husbond wolle wete wyth-owty{n)} mare
+                      And I hym dyd that vnryg{h-}t;                 288
+                    I would nott he myght yt wete
+                    For a{l~l} the good that I myght gete,
+                      So Ih_esus_[5] mutt me spede                   291
+as her husband      For, and eny man lay me by,
+would be sure to    My husbond would yt wete truly,
+know of it.           It ys wythowtyn eny drede."                    294
+The steward urges   The stuard seyd "for hym ŝat ys wrought,
+her again,          There-of, dame, drede the nog{h-}t
+                      Wyth me to do that dede;                       297
+and offers her 20   Haue here of me xx marke
+marks.              Of gold and syluer styf and starke,
+                      Thys tresoure scha{l~l} be thy mede."          300
+She says, "Then     "Syr, and I graunt ŝat to yo{=u},
+don't tell any      Lett no man wete butt we two nowe."
+one,"                 He seyd, "nay, wythowtyn drede."               303
+                    The stuard ŝought, 'sykerly
+                    Women beth both queynte & slye.'
+takes his money,      The mony he gan her bede;                      306
+                    He ŝought wele to haue be spedde,
+                    And of his erand he was onredde
+                      Or he were fro he{m~} I-gone.                  309
+sends him up the    Vp the sterys sche hym leyde
+quaint stairs,      Ty{l~l} he saw the wryghtes bedde:  THE STEWARD IS
+                      Of tresoure ŝought he none;       SHOT THROUGH 312
+and lets him        He went and stumblyd att a stone;   THE TRAPDOOR,
+tumble through      In to ŝe selle{rh} he fylle sone,
+the trapdoor.         Downe to the bare flore.                       315
+"What the devil     The lord seyd "what deuy{l~l} art ŝo{=u}?
+are you?" says      And ŝou hadest falle on me nowe,
+the Lord.             Thowe hadest hurt me fu{l~l} sore."            318
+[leaf 182, back]    The stuard stert and staryd abowte
+The steward finds   If he myg{h-}t ower gete owte
+he can't get out;     Att hole lesse or mare.                        321
+                    The lord seyd, "welcome, and sytt be tyme,
+                    For ŝou schalt helpe to dyght thys lyne
+                      For a{l~l} thy fers[e] fare."                  324
+                    The stuard lokyd on the knyg{h-}t,
+and wonders why     He seyd, "syr, for godes myght,
+his Lord is           My lord, what do you here?"                    327
+there.              He seyd "felowe, wyth-owtyn oth,
+"We both came on    For o erand we come bothe,
+one errand, man."     The sothe wolle I nott lete."                  330
+The wife asks what  Tho cam the wyfe them vn-to,
+they're doing;      And seyd, "syres, what do you to,
+                      Wy{l~l} ye nott lerne to swete?"               333
+the Lord says,      Than seyd ŝe lord her vn-to,
+"Your flax is       'Dame, you{rh} lyne ys I-doo,
+done, and I want      Nowe would I fayne ete:                        336
+my dinner."         And I haue made yt a{l~l} I-lyke,
+                    Fu{l~l} clere, and no ŝing thycke,
+                      Me thynketh yt gret payne."                    339
+The steward says    The stuard seyd "wyth-owtyn dowte,
+if he ever gets     And eu_er_ I may wynne owte,
+out he'll crack       I wy{l~l} breke her brayne."                   342
+her skull.          "Felowe, lett be, and sey nott so,
+But the wife        For ŝou schalt worke or eu_er_ ŝou goo,
+chaffs him,           Thy wordes ŝou torne agayne,                   345
+says he'll soon be  Fayne ŝou schalt be so to doo,
+glad to eat his     And thy good wylle put ŝerto;
+words,                As a man buxome and bayne            BUT IS    348
+and unless he rubs  Thowe schalt rubbe, rele, and spynne,  PROUD, AND
+and reels, he'll    And ŝou wolt eny mete wynne,           WILL NOT
+get no meat.          That I geue to god a gyfte."         WORK FOR  351
+"I'll die for       The stuard seyd, "then haue I wondyr;  HIS DINNER.
+hunger first,       Rather would I dy for hungyr
+unhouseled,"          Wyth-owte hosy{l~l} or shryfte."               354
+answers he.         The lord seyd, "so haue I hele,
+[leaf 183]          Thowe wylt worke, yf ŝou hungyr welle,
+                      What worke ŝat the be brought."                357
+The Lord works      The lord satt and dyd hys werke,
+away,               The stuard drewe in to the derke,
+                      Gret sorowe was in hys ŝought.                 360
+                    The lord seyd, "dame, here ys youre lyne,
+                    Haue yt in godes blessyng and myne,
+                      I hold yt welle I-wrought."                    363
+and gets his food   Mete and drynke sche gaue hym y{n)},
+and drink.          "The stuard," sche seyd, "wolle he nott spynne,
+                      Wy{l~l} he do ryght nog{h-}t?"                 366
+                    The lord seyd, "by swete sen Ione,
+None of it will he  Of thys mete scha{l~l} he haue none
+give to the           That ye haue me hydder brought."               369
+steward,            The lord ete and dranke fast,
+but eats it all     The stuard hungeryd att ŝe last,
+up,                   For he gaue hym nought.                        372
+                    The stuard satt a{l~l} in a stody,
+                    Hys lord hadde forgote curtesy:
+                      Tho[6] seyd ŝe stuard, "geue me some."         375
+and won't give him  The lord seyd, "sorowe haue ŝe morse{l~l} or sope
+one crumb:          That scha{l~l} come in thy throte!
+                      Nott so much as o crome!                       378
+let him work and    Butt ŝou wylt helpe to dyght ŝis lyne,
+earn some for       Much hungyr yt scha{l~l} be thyne
+himself.              Though ŝou make much mone."                    381
+The steward gives   Vp he rose, and went therto,
+in,                 "Bett_er_ ys me ŝus to doo
+                      Whyle yt must nedys be do."                    384
+asks for work; the  The stuard began fast to knocke,        THE STEWARD
+wife throws it      The wyfe ŝrew hym a swyngelyng stocke,  IS OBLIGED
+him,                  Hys mete ŝerwyth to wy{n)};           TO WORK  387
+                    Sche brought a swyngy{l~l} att ŝe last, AFTER ALL.
+                    "Good syres," sche seyd, "swyngyll_e_ on fast;
+                      For no ŝing that ye blynne."                   390
+                    Sche gaue hy{m)} a stocke to sytt vppo{n)},
+                    And seyd "syres, ŝis werke must nedys be done,
+                      A{l~l} that that ys here y{n)}."               393
+[leaf 183, back]    The stuard toke vp a stycke to saye,
+and steward and     "Sey, seye, swyngy{l~l} bett_er_ yf ye may,
+Lord are both         Hytt wy{l~l} be the bett_er_ to spynne."       396
+spinning away       Were ŝe lord neu_er_ so gret,
+to earn their       Yet was he fayne to werke for hys mete
+dinner,               Though he were neu_er_ so sadde;               399
+                    Butt ŝe stuard ŝat was so stowde,
+                    Was fayne to swyngell_e_ ŝe scales owte,
+                      Ther-of he was nott glad.                      402
+while the Lord's    The lordys meyne ŝat were att home
+people cannot make  Wyst nott where he was bycome,
+out what has          They were fu{l~l} sore adrad.                  405
+become of him.
+Then the Proctor    The proctoure of ŝe parysche chyrche ryg{h-}t
+sees the wright     Came and lokyd on ŝe wryght,
+                      He lokyd as he ware madde;                     408
+                    Fast ŝe proctoure gan hym frayne,
+and asks where he   "Where hadest ŝou ŝis garlond gayne?
+got his garland       It ys eu_er_ lyke newe."                       411
+from.               The wryght gan say "felowe,
+"With my wife;      Wyth my wyfe, yf ŝou wylt knowe;
+                      That dare me nott rewe;                        414
+and while she is    For a{l~l} the whyle my wyfe trew ys,
+true it will never  My garlond wolle hold hewe I-wys,
+fade,                 And neu_er_ falle nor fade;                    417
+but if she's false  And yf my wyfe take a p_ar_amoure,
+it will."           Than wolle my garlond vade ŝe floure,
+                      That dare I ley myne hede."                    420
+The proctor thinks  The proctoure ŝought, "in good faye   THE PROCTOR
+he'll test this,    That scha{l~l} I wete thys same daye  TEMPTS THE
+                      Whether yt may so be."              WIFE, AND  423
+goes to the         To the wryghtes hows he went,         IS TRAPDOORED.
+wright's wife       He grete ŝe wyfe wyth feyre entente,
+                      Sche seyd "syr, welcome be ye."                426
+and declares his    "A! dame, my loue ys on you fast
+love for her;       Syth the tyme I sawe you last;
+                      I pray you yt may so be                        429
+                    That ye would graunt me of you{rh} grace
+he must have her    To play w_y_t_h_ you in some p_ri_uy place,
+[leaf 184]            Or ellys to deth mutt me."                     432
+or die.             Fast ŝe proctoure gan to pray,
+She says nay,       And eu_er_ to hy{m~} sche seyd "naye,
+                      That wolle I nott doo.                         435
+as her husband      Hadest ŝou done ŝat dede w_y_t_h_ me,
+will know of it by  My spouse by hys garlond myght see,
+his garland.          That schuld torne me to woo."                  438
+The proctor         The proctoure seyd, "by heuen kyng,
+                    If he sey to the any ŝing
+                      He scha{l~l} haue sorowe vn-sowte;             441
+offers her 20       Twenty marke I wolle ŝe geue,
+marks.              It wolle ŝe helpe welle to lyue,
+                      The mony here haue I brought."                 444
+These she takes;    Nowe hath sche the tresure tane,
+they go upstairs,   And vp ŝe steyre be they gane,
+                      (What helpyth yt to lye?)                      447
+                    The wyfe went the steyre be-syde,
+and the proctor     The proctoure went a lyty{l~l} to wyde
+tumbles into the      He fe{l~l} downe by and by.                    450
+cellar,             Whan he in to ŝe seller felle,
+and thinks he is    He wente to haue sonke in to helle,
+going to hell.        He was in hart fu{l~l} sory.                   453
+                    The stuard lokyd on the knyght,
+The steward asks    And seyd "proctoure, for godes myght,
+him to sit down;      Come and sytt vs by."                          456
+                    The proctoure began to stare,
+he doesn't know     For he was he wyst neu_er_ whare,      THE PROCTOR
+where he is,          Butt wele he knewe ŝe knyght         CAN'T     459
+                    And the stuard ŝat swyngelyd ŝe lyne.  MAKE OUT
+but asks what the   He seyd "syres, for godes pyne,        WHERE HE
+Lord and steward      What do ye here thys nyg{h-}t?"      HAS GOT   462
+are after there,    The stuard seyd, "god geue the care,   TO.
+                    Thowe camyst to loke howe we fare,
+                      Nowe helpe ŝis lyne were dyght."               465
+                    He stode sty{l~l} in a gret ŝought,
+                    What to answer he wyst noght:
+                      "By mary fu{l~l} of myght,"                    468
+working the wife's  The proctoure seyd, "what do ye in ŝis yn_e_
+flax;               For to bete thys wyfees lyne?
+[leaf 184, back]      For Ih_esus_ loue, ffu{l~l} of myght,"         471
+                    The proctoure seyd ryght as he ŝoug{h-}t,
+he, the proctor,    "For me yt scha{l~l} be euy{l~l} wroug{h-}t
+will never do the     And I may see aryg{h-}t,                       474
+like,               For I lernyd neu_er_ in lon{d+}
+it's not his        For to haue a swynge{l~l} in hond
+trade.                By day nor be nyght."                          477
+The steward says,   The stuard seyd, "as good as ŝo{=u}.
+"We're as good as   We hold vs that be here nowe,
+you, and yet          And lett preue yt be syg{h-}t;                 480
+have to work for    Yet must vs worke for owre mete,
+our food."          Or ellys scha{l~l} we none gete,
+                      Mete nor drynke to owre honde."                483
+The Lord says,      The lord seyd, "why flyte ye two?
+"And you'll have    I trowe ye wy{l~l} werke or ye goo,
+to work ere you       Yf yt be as I vndyrstond."                     486
+go."                Abowte he goys twyes or thryes;
+They eat and        They ete & drunke in such wyse
+drink, and give       That ŝey geue hym ryght noght.                 489
+the proctor         The proctoure seyd, "thynke ye no schame,
+nothing,            Yheue me some mete, (ye be to blame,)
+to his great          Of that the wyfe ye broug{h-}t."               492
+disgust,            The stuard seyd "euy{l~l} spede the soppe
+                    If eny morce{l~l} come in thy throte
+                      Butt ŝou w_y_t_h_ vs hadest wrought."  HE HAS  495
+till at last        The proctoure stode in a stody           TO WIND
+                    Whether he myg{h-}t worke hem by;        AND SPIN
+                      And so to torne hys ŝoug{h-}t,         FOR HIS 498
+                    To the lord he drewe nere,               DINNER.
+                    And to hym seyd w_y_t_h_ myld[_e_] chere,
+                      "That mary mott the spede!"                    501
+he too knocks for   The proctoure began to knocke,
+work,               The good wyfe rawte hym a rocke,
+                      For therto hadde sche nede;                    504
+                    Sche seyd "whan I was mayde att home,
+                    Other werke cowde I do none
+                      My lyfe ther-wyth to lede."                    507
+gets a distaff and  Sche gaue hym in hande a rocke hynde,
+some winding to     And bade hem fast for to wynde
+[leaf 185]            Or ellys to lett be hys dede.                  510
+do,                 "Yes, dame," he seyd, "so haue I hele,
+                    I scha{l~l} yt worke both feyre & welle
+                      As ye haue taute me."                          513
+                    He wauyd vp a strycke of lyne,
+and spins away      And he span wele and fyne
+well.                 By-fore the swynge{l~l} tre.                   516
+                    The lord seyd "ŝou spynnest to grete,
+                    Therfor ŝou schalt haue no mete,
+                      That ŝou schalt we{l~l} see."                  519
+Thus they all sit   Thus ŝey satt and wrought fast
+and work till the   Ty{l~l} ŝe wekedayes were past;
+wright comes home.    Then the wryght, home came he,                 522
+As he approaches    And as he cam by hys hows syde
+he hears a noise,   He herd[7] noyse that was nott ryde
+                      Of p_er_sons two or thre;                      525
+                    One of hem knockyd lyne,
+                    A-nothyr swyngelyd good and fyne
+                      By-fore the swyngy{l~l} tre,                   528
+                    The thyrde did rele and spynne,
+                    Mete and drynke ther-wyth to wynne,
+                      Gret nede ther-of hadde he.                    531
+                    Thus ŝe wryght stode herkenyng;       THE WRIGHT
+his wife comes to   Hys wyfe was ware of hys comyng,      COMES HOME
+meet him,             And ageynst hym went sche.          AND FINDS  534
+                    "Dame," he seyd, "what ys ŝis dynne?  THE THREE
+and he asks what    I here gret noyse here wythynne;      CULPRITS.
+all that noise is     Te{l~l} me, so god the spede."                 537
+about.              "Syr," sche seyd, "workemen thre
+"Why, three         Be come to helpe you and me,
+workmen have come     Ther-of we haue gret nede;                     540
+to help us, dear.   Fayne would I wete what they were."
+Who are they?"      Butt when he sawe hys lord there,
+The wright sees       Hys hert bygan to drede:                       543
+his Lord in the     To see hys lord in ŝat place,
+pit,                He ŝought yt was a strange cas,
+and asks how          And seyd, "so god hym spede,                   546
+[leaf 185, back]    What do ye here, my lord and knyg{h-}t?
+                    Te{l~l} me nowe for godes myg{h-}t
+he came there.        Howe cam thys vn-to?"                          549
+                    The knyght seyd "What ys best rede?
+The Lord asks       M_er_cy I aske for my mysdede,
+mercy: he is very     My hert ys wondyr wo."                         552
+sorry.              "So ys myne, verame_n_t,
+"So am I," says     To se you among thys flex and hempe,
+the wright, "to       Fu{l~l} sore yt ruyt{h-} me;                   555
+see you among the   To se you in such hevynes,
+flax and hemp,"     Fu{l~l} sore myne hert yt doth oppresse,
+                      By god in trinite."                            558
+and orders his      The wryght bade hys wyfe lett hy{m~} owte,
+wife to let the     "Nay, ŝen sorowe come on my snowte
+Lord out.             If they passe hens to-daye                     561
+"No, bother my      Ty{l~l} that my lady come and see
+snout if I do,"     Howe ŝey would haue done w_y_t_h_ me,
+says the wife,        Butt nowe late me saye."                       564
+"before his lady    Anon sche sent aft_er_ the lady bryg{h-}t
+sees what he        For to fett home her lord and knyght,
+wanted to do with     Therto sche seyd nog{h-}t;                     567
+me."                Sche told her what they hadde ment,
+So she sends for    And of ther purpos & ther intente   THE LORD'S WIFE
+the dame to fetch     That they would haue wrought.     SEES HIM IN  570
+her lord home,      Glad was ŝat lady of that tydyng;   THE CELLAR.
+and tells her what  When sche wyst her lord was lyuyng,
+he and his            Ther-of sche was fu{l~l} fayne:                573
+companions came     Whan sche came vn-to ŝe steyre aboue{n)},
+there for.          Sche lokyd vn-to ŝe seller downe,
+The lady              And seyd,--ŝis ys nott to leyne,--             576
+looks down into     "Good syres, what doo you here?"
+the cellar,         "Dame, we by owre mete fu{l~l} dere,
+and says, "Good       Wyth gret trauayle and peyne;                  579
+sirs, what are you  I pray you helpe ŝat we were owte,
+doing?"             And I wy{l~l} swere w_y_t_h_-owtyn dowte
+"Earning our meat     Neu_er_ to come here agayne."                  582
+full dear:          The lady spake the wyfe vn-tyll_e_,
+[leaf 186]          And seyd "dame, yf yt be youre wylle,
+help us out, and      What doo thes meyny here?"                     585
+I'll never come     The carpentarys wyfe her answerd sykerly,
+here again."        "A{l~l} they would haue leyne me by;
+The lady asks the     Eu_er_ych, in ther maner_e_,                   588
+wife why            Gold and syluer they me brought,
+the men are there   And forsoke yt, and would yt noght,
+The wife says they    The ryche gyftes so clere.                     591
+wanted to lie with  Wyllyng ŝey were to do me schame,
+her, and offered    I toke ther gyftes wyth-owtyn blame,
+her gold and          _And_ ther they be a{l~l} thre."               594
+silver;             The lady answerd her ano{n)},
+she took their      "I haue thynges to do att home
+gifts, and there      Mo than two or thre;                           597
+they are.           I wyst my lord neu_er_ do ryght noght
+The lady says she   Of no ŝing ŝat schuld be wrought,
+really wants her      Such as fallyth to me."                        600
+lord for herself,   The lady lawghed and made good game
+and laughs          Whan they came owte a{l~l} in-same
+heartily when the     From the swyngy{l~l} tre.                      603
+three culprits      The knyght seyd "felowys in fere,
+come out.           I am glad ŝat we be here,
+The Lord says,        By godes dere pyte;                     THE    606
+"Ah, you'd have     Dame, and ye hadde bene wyth vs,          WRIGHT'S
+worked too if       Ye would haue wrought, by swete Ih_es_us, WIFE SETS
+you'd been with       As welle as dyd we."                    THE    609
+us,                 And when they cam vp aboue{n)}            CULPRITS
+                    They turnyd abowte and lokyd downe,       FREE.
+                      The lord seyd, "so god saue me,                612
+I never had such a  Yet hadde I neu_er_ such a fytte
+turn in my life     As I haue hadde in ŝat lowe pytte;
+before, I can tell    So mary so mutt me spede."                     615
+you."               The knyght and thys lady bryght,
+Then the Lord and   Howe they would home that nyg{h-}t,
+lady go home,         For no thyng they would abyde;                 618
+                    And so they went home;
+as ADAM of COBSAM   Thys seyd Adam of Cobsa{m~}.[8]
+[leaf 186, back]      By the weye as they rode                       621
+says.               Throwe a wode in ther playeng,
+On their way home   For to here the fowlys syng
+they halt,            They hovyd stylle and bode.                    624
+and the steward     The stuard sware by godes ore,
+and proctor swear   And so dyd the proctoure much more,
+they'll never go      That neu_er_ in ther lyfe                      627
+back for five and   Would they no more come in ŝ_a_t wonne
+forty years.        Whan they were onys thens come,
+                      Thys forty yere and fyve.                      630
+The lady gives all  Of the tresure that they brought,
+their money to the  The lady would geue hem ryght noght,
+wright's wife.        Butt gaue yt to the wryghtes wyfe.             633
+The garland is      Thus the wryghtes garlond was feyre of hewe,
+fresh as ever.      And hys wyfe bothe good and trewe:
+                      There-of was he fu{l~l} blythe;                636
+                    I take wytnes att gret and sma{l~l},
+Thus true are all   Thus trewe bene good women a{l~l}
+good women now        That nowe bene on lyve,                        639
+alive!              So come thryste on ther hedys
+                    Whan they momby{l~l} on ther bedys    MAY ALL GOOD
+                      Ther pat_er_ n_oste_r ryue.         WIVES GO   642
+                                                          TO HEAVEN!
+Here then is        Here ys wretyn a geste of the wryght
+written a tale of   That hadde a garlond we{l~l} I-dyght,
+the Wright and his    The coloure wy{l~l} neuer fade.                645
+Garland.            Now god, ŝat ys heuyn kyng,
+God grant us all    Graunt vs a{l~l} hys dere blessyng
+his blessing,         Owre hertes for to glade;                      648
+and may all true    And a{l~l} tho that doo her husbondys ryg{h-}t,
+faithful wives      Pray we to Ih_es_u fu{l~l} of myght,
+                      That feyre mott hem byfalle,                   651
+come to heaven's    And that they may come to heuen blys,
+bliss,              For thy dere moderys loue ther-of nott to mys,
+                      All_e_ good wyues all_e_.                      654
+and be such         Now all_e_ tho that thys tretys hath hard,
+                    Ih_es_u graunt hem, for her reward,
+true lovers as the    As trew louers to be                           657
+[leaf 187]          As was the wryght vn-to hys wyfe
+wright and his      And sche to hym duryng her lyfe.
+wife were.            Amen, for charyte.                             660
+Amen!
+Here ends our tale  Here endyth the wryghtes p_ro_cesse trewe
+of the Garland      Wyth hys garlond feyre of hewe
+                      That neu_er_ dyd fade the coloure.             663
+                    It was made, by the avyse
+                    Of hys wywes moder wytty and wyse,
+                      Of flourys most of honoure,                    666
+which was made of   Of roses whyte ŝat wy{l~l} nott fade,
+White Roses,        Whych floure a{l~l} ynglond doth glade,
+the flowers that      Wyth trewloues medelyd in syg{h-}t;            669
+gladden all         Vn-to the whych floure I-wys
+England,            The loue of god and of the comenys
+and receive the       Subdued[9] bene of ryg{h-}t.
+love of God, and
+of the Commons                  Explicit.
+too.
+
+[Footnote 1: MS. _of_]
+
+[Footnote 2: _or_ hyng. ? _MS._]
+
+[Footnote 3: MS. _gar_]
+
+[Footnote 4: ? MS. this.]
+
+[Footnote 5: MS. _I{h-}c_]
+
+[Footnote 6: MS. _The_]
+
+[Footnote 7: ? MS. _hard_]
+
+[Footnote 8: The letter between the _b_ and _a_ has had the lower part
+marked over. But it must mean a long _s_.]
+
+[Footnote 9: May be _subdied_; the word has been corrected.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+
+The two first of the three operations of flax-dressing described in
+lines 526-529, p. 15,
+
+    One of hem knocked lyne,
+    A-nothyr swyngelyd good and fyne
+      By-fore the swyngy{l~l}-tre,
+    The thyrde did rele and spynne,
+
+must correspond to the preliminary breaking of the plant, and then the
+scutching or beating to separate the coarse tow or hards from the tare
+or fine hemp. Except so far as the _swingle_ served as a heckle, the
+further _heckling_ of the flax, to render the fibre finer and cleaner,
+was dispensed with, though heckles (iron combs) must have been in use
+when the poem was written--inasmuch as _hekele_, _hekelare_, _hekelyn_,
+and _hekelynge_, are in the Promptorium, ab. 1440 A.D. Under _Hatchell_,
+Randle Holme gives a drawing of a heckle.
+
+The lines through the _h_'s in the MS. are not, I believe, marks of
+contraction. There are no insettings of the third lines, or spaces on
+changes of subject, in the MS.
+
+For reference to two analogous stories to that of the Poem, I am
+indebted to Mr Thomas Wright. The first is that of _Constant Duhamel_ in
+the third volume of Barbazan, and the second that of the Prioress and
+her three Suitors in the Minor Poems of Dan John Lydgate, published by
+the Percy Society, ed. Halliwell.
+
+In the Barbazan tale "the wife is violently solicited by three suitors,
+the priest, the provost, and the forester, who on her refusal persecute
+her husband. To stop their attacks she gives them appointments at her
+house immediately after one another, so that when one is there and
+stripped for the bath, another comes, and, pretending it is her husband,
+she conceals them one after another in a large tub full of feathers, out
+of which they can see all that is going on in the room. She then sends
+successively for their three wives to come and bathe with her, the bath
+being still in the same room, and as each is stripped naked in the bath,
+she introduces her own husband, who dishonours them one after another,
+one _à l'enverse_, with rather aggravating circumstances, and all in
+view of their three husbands. Finally the latter are turned out of the
+house naked, or rather well feathered, then hunted by the whole town and
+their dogs, well bitten and beaten."
+
+(If any one wants to see a justification of the former half of the
+proverb quoted by Roberd of Brunne,
+
+    Frenche men synne yn lecherye
+    And Englys men yn enuye,
+
+let him read the astounding revelation made of the state of the early
+French mind by the tales in the 3rd and 4th vols. of Barbazan's
+Fabliaux, ed. 1808.)
+
+The second story, told by Lydgate, is as follows:--A prioress is wooed
+by "a yonng knyght, a parson of a paryche, and a burges of a borrow."
+She promises herself to the first if he will lie for a night in a chapel
+sewn up in a sheet like a corpse; to the second, if he will perform the
+funeral service over the knight, and bury him; to the third, if he will
+dress up like a devil, and frighten both parson and knight. This the
+burges Sir John does well, but is himself terrified at the corpse
+getting up: all three run away from one another: the knight falls on a
+stake, and into a snare set for bucks, and breaks his fore top in
+falling from the tree; the merchant gets tossed by a bull; the parson
+breaks his head and jumps into a bramble bush; and the prioress gets rid
+of them all, but not before she has made the "burges" or "marchaunt" pay
+her twenty marks not to tell his wife and the country generally of his
+tricks.--_Minor Poems_, p. 107-117, ed. 1840.
+
+
+
+
+GLOSSARY.
+
+
+And, 89, 292, if.
+
+Bayne, 348, ready.
+
+Blynne, 4, cease, stop; AS. _blinnan_.
+
+Blyue, 44, 110, 118, speedily.
+
+Bonde, 226, a bund-le; Du. _bondt_, a bavin, a bush of thornes.
+
+Brayne, 342, scull.
+
+Broke, 165, enjoy. AS. _brúcan_, Germ. _brauchen_. H. Coleridge.
+
+Brydalle, 71, AS. _brŭd-ál_, bride ale, marriage feast.
+
+By, 197, buy.
+
+Chaste, 176, chest, box, pit.
+
+Dowte, 14, fear.
+
+Dyght, 323, 379, prepare, dress.
+
+Fare, 148, 324, going on, wish, project.
+
+Fere, 604, company.
+
+Flyte, 484, wrangle, quarrel; AS._ flít_, strife, wrangling.
+
+Forthynketh, 51, repents, makes sorry; AS. _forŝencan_, to despair.
+
+Frayne, 409, ask; AS. _fregnan_, Goth. _fraihnan_.
+
+Gan, 22, did.
+
+Geue to God a gyfte, 351, I make a vow, I promise you, I'll take my
+    oath.
+
+Hele, 140, salvation.
+
+Hovyd, 624, halted, stopt.
+
+Hynde, 508 ? natty; _hende_, gentle.
+
+I-doo, 335, done, finished.
+
+I-dyght, 644, prepared.
+
+In-same, 602, together.
+
+Layne, 68, hide, conceal.
+
+Lende, 107, stay; ? AS. _landian_, to land, or _lengian_, to prolong.
+
+Leyne, 231, lay, beat.
+
+Lyne, 214, AS. _lín_, flax; ? rope, 246.
+
+Meyne, 403, household.
+
+Myster, 12, trade; Fr. _mestier_.
+
+O, 329, one.
+
+Onredde, 308; AS. _unrét_, _unrót_, uncheerful, sorrowful, or _unr{/ĉ}d_,
+    imprudent.
+
+Oŝre, 205, second.
+
+Putry, 61, adultery; O. Fr. _puterie_, whoring.
+
+Rawte, 503, reached, gave.
+
+Rewe, 186, have pity.
+
+Rocke, 503, 508; Du. _een Rocke_, _Spinrock_, A Distaffe, or a
+    Spin-rock; _Rocken_, To Winde Flaxe or Wool upon a Rock (Hexham).
+    Dan. _rok_, O.N. _rokkr_, G. _rocken_: "a distaff held in the hand
+    from which the thread was spun by twirling a ball below. 'What,
+    shall a woman with a _rokke_ drive thee away?'" Digby Mysteries, p.
+    11 (Halliwell). "An Instrument us'd in some Parts for the spinning
+    of Flax and Hemp." Phillips; for reeling and spinning (l. 529).
+
+Rought, 198, AS. _róhte_, p. of _récan_, to reck, care for.
+
+Ryde, 524, light, small, AS. _geryd_, levis, ĉquus, Lye.
+
+Ryue, 642, Du. _rijf_, rife, or abundant.
+
+Scales, 401; ? husks, bark, or rind, see _shoves_*, in _Swyngylle_,
+    below.
+
+Schent, 258, destroyed; AS. _scendan_.
+
+Stounde, 4, short time.
+
+Strycke, 514, "_Strike of Flax_, is as much as is heckled at one
+    Handful." Phillips.
+
+Swyngylle, 216, "Swingle-Staff, a Stick to beat Flax with," Phil.; AS.
+    _swingele_, a whip, lash. "To _swingle_, to beat; a Term among
+    Flax-dressers." Phillips. Though Randle Holme, Bk. III., ch. viii.
+    No. xxxiii., gives the _Swingle-Tree_ of a Coach-Pole (these are
+    made of wood, and are fastened by Iron hooks, stables (_sic_) chains
+    and pinns to the Coach-pole, to the which Horses are fastened by
+    their Harnish when there is more then two to draw the Coach), yet at
+    Chap, vi., § iv., p. 285, col. 1, he says, "He beareth Sable, a
+    _Swingle_ Hand erected, Surmounting of a _Swingle_ Foot, Or. This is
+    a Wooden Instrument made like a Fauchion, with an hole cut in the
+    top of it, to hold it by: It is used for the clearing of Hemp and
+    Flax from the large broken Stalks or *Shoves, by the help of the
+    said _Swingle_ Foot, which it is hung upon, which said Stalks being
+    first broken, bruised, and cut into shivers by a Brake.
+  S. 3, such erected in Fesse O. born by _Flaxlowe_.
+  S. 3, such in Pale A., born by _Swingler_."
+  (A drawing is given by Holme, No. 4, on the plate opposite p. 285.)
+  "_Swingowing_ is the beating off the bruised inward stalk of the Hemp
+    or Flax, from the outward pill, which as (_sic_) the Hemp or Flax,
+    p. 106, col. 2.
+  _Spinning_ is to twist the Flax hairs into Yarn or Thrid. _Reeling_
+    is to wind the Yarn of the Wheel Spool on a Reel," p. 107, Col. 2.
+
+Take, 161, deliver.
+
+The, 187, thrive.
+
+Tolle, 62, entice (H.H. Gibbs).
+
+Tre, 105, wood, timber.
+
+Trewloves, 669, either figures like true-lovers' knots, or the
+    imitations of the berb or flower _Truelove_, which is given by Coles
+    as _Herb Paris_ (a quatrefoil whose leaves bear a sort of likeness
+    to a true-lovers' knot), and in Halliwell as _one-berry:_ but I
+    cannot find that Edward IV. had any such plants on his arms or
+    badge. Knots were often worn as badges, see Edmonston's Heraldry,
+    Appendix, Knots. On the other hand, Willement (Regal Heraldry)
+    notices that the angels attending Richard II. in the picture at
+    Wilton, had collars worked with white roses and broom-buds; and
+    trueloves, if a plant be meant by it, may have been Edward's
+    substitute for the broom (_planta genisla_). The Trewloves bear,
+    one, Ar. on a chev. sa., three cinquefoils, or; the other, Ar. on a
+    chev. sa., a quatrefoil of the field.
+
+Vade,[1] 125, 419, fade; Du. _vadden_ (Hexham).
+
+Wone, 275, store, quantity.
+
+Wonne, 90, 628, dwelling.
+
+Woode, 153, wild, mad.
+
+Yheue, 491, give.
+
+Yougeth, 20, youth, bachelor's freedom.
+
+[Footnote 1: The use of the flat _v_ade (l. 419, p. 12) within 2 lines
+of the sharp _f_ade (l. 417), corresponds with the flat 'stow_d_e,' l.
+400, p. 12, riming with 'owte,' l. 401, _badde_ with _hatte_, l. 265-6.
+_Cost_, _brest_, l. 142-3, are careless rimes too.]
+
+
+
+
+                    WOMEN.
+
+                    [_Lambeth MS_. 306, _leaf_ 135.]
+
+
+                    Wome{n)}, wome{n)}, loue of wome{n)},
+                    make bare purs w_i_t_h_ some me{n)},
+                    Some be nyse as a nonne hene,[1]
+                      {GH}it al thei be nat soo.                       4
+                        some be lewde,
+                        some all be schrewde;
+                      Go schrewes wher thei goo.
+
+                    Su{m~} be nyse, and some be fonde,                 8
+                    And some be tame, y vndirstond_e_,
+                    And some cane take brede of a manes hande,[2]
+                      Yit all thei be nat soo.
+                        [Some be lewde, &c.]                          12
+
+[leaf 135, back]    Some cane part with-outen hire,
+                    And some make bate in eueri chire,
+                    And some cheke mate with oure Sir_e_,
+                      Yit all they be nat so.                         16
+                        Some be lewde,
+                        and sume be schreued_e_,
+                      go wher they goo.
+
+                    Som be browne, and some be whit,                  20
+                    And some be tender as a ttripe,
+                    And some of theym be chiry ripe,
+                      Yit all thei be not soo.
+                        Sume be lewde,                                24
+                        and some be schrewed_e_,
+                      go wher they goo.
+
+                    Some of the{m~} be treue of love
+                    Benet{h-} ŝe gerde{l~l}, but nat above,           28
+                    And in a hode aboue cane chove,
+                      Yit all thei do nat soo.
+                        Some be lewde,
+                        and some be schreud_e_,                       32
+                      go where they goo.
+
+                    Some cane whister, & some cane crie,
+                    Some cane flater, and some can lye,
+                    And some cane sette ŝe moke awrie,                36
+                      Yit all thei do nat soo.
+                        Sume be lewde,
+                        and sume be schreued_e_,
+                      go where thei goo.                              40
+
+                    He that made this songe full good,
+                    Came of ŝe nort{h-} and of ŝe sother{n)} blode,
+                    And some-what kyne to Roby{n)} Hode,
+                      Yit all we be nat soo.                          44
+                        Some be lewde,
+                        and some be schrewed_e_,
+                      go where they goo.
+
+                    Some be lewde, some be [s]chrwde,                 48
+                    Go where they goo.
+
+                            Explicit.
+
+P.S.--This Poem was printed by Mr Halliwell in _Reliquiĉ Antiquĉ_, vol.
+i., p. 248, and reprinted by Mr Thomas Wright, at p. 103 of his edition
+of _Songs and Carols_ for the Percy Society, 1847. As, besides minor
+differences, the reprint has _manne_, and the original _nanne_, for what
+I read as _nonne_, l. 3, while both have _withowte_ for _with oure_, l.
+15, and _accripe_ for _a ttripe_, l. 21 (see Halliwell's Dictionary,
+"_accripe_, a herb?"), I have not cancelled this impression. The other
+version of the song, from Mr Wright's MS. in his text, pp. 89-91,
+differs a good deal from that given above.
+
+[Footnote 1: The Rev. J.R. Lumby first told me of the proverb 'As white
+as a nun's hen,' the nuns being famous, no doubt, for delicate poultry.
+John Heywood has in his _Proverbes_, 1562 (first printed, 1546), p. 43
+of the Spencer Society's reprint, 1867,
+
+    She tooke thenterteinment of the yong men
+    All in daliaunce, _as nice as a Nun's hen_.
+
+The proverb is quoted by Wilson in his _Arte of Rhetorique_, 1553
+(Hazlitt's _Proverbs_, p. 69).]
+
+[Footnote 2: For _honde_.]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Wright's Chaste Wife, by Adam of Cobsam
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