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diff --git a/16845-h/16845-h.htm b/16845-h/16845-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b9ce4ee --- /dev/null +++ b/16845-h/16845-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1952 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> +<html lang="enm"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> + +<style title="Standard Format" type="text/css"> + +body { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 10%; text-align: justify;} + +div { margin: 2em 0em } +div.linegroup { margin: 1em 0em 1em 2em } + +/* indent verse continuation lines 4em */ +p.line { text-align: left; margin: .3em 0 .3em 4em; text-indent: -4em;} + +hr.doublepage { margin: 4em 0em; height: 5px } + +h2.sub { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; font-size: 120% } + +ul.toc { margin: 2em 0em; list-style-type: none;} +dl.footnote { font-size: 85% } + +span.footnoteref { vertical-align: super; font-size: 60% } +span.marginnote { position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 81%; + text-indent: 0; + font-size: 85%; clear: right;} +span.linenumber { position: absolute; left: 71%; right: 21%; + font-size: 85%; text-indent: 0;} + +.sidenote_right {width: 19%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; + padding-left: 1em; font-size: 85%; text-align: right; + float: right; clear: right;} + +</style> + +<title>The Project Gutenberg EBook of Arthur - A Short Sketch of his Life and History by Frederick J. Furnivall, M.A.</title> +</head> + +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Arthur, Copied And Edited From The Marquis of Bath's MS + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Arthur, Copied And Edited From The Marquis of Bath's MS + A Short Sketch of His Life and History in English Verse + of the First Half of the Fifteenth Century + +Author: + +Editor: Frederick J. Furnivall + +Release Date: October 10, 2005 [EBook #16845] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ARTHUR *** + + + + +Produced by David Starner, Joshua Hutchinson and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<!--div class="text"--> + +<!--div class="front"--> + +<p style="text-align: left">TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE: This text contains the character yogh +(ȝ and Ȝ). Typically, it will display as a ? or a box if your browser's font does +not support it. One suggested font that seems to support the characters (and +is free for use) is the Caslon Roman font. This is available from the font +creator's website (http://bibliofile.mc.duke.edu/gww/fonts/Caslon/Caslon.html).</p> + +<div> +<h2>Arthur</h2> +<h2 class="sub">A Short Sketch of His Life and History +in English Verse +of the First Half of the Fifteenth Century</h2> + +<p style="text-align: center">Copied and Edited From the Marquis of Bath's MS.</p> + +<p style="text-align: center">by</p> + +<p style="text-align: center">Frederick J. Furnivall, M.A., Camb.</p> + +<p style="text-align: center">Editor of De Borron's and Lonelich's "History of the Holy Graal," Walter Map's +"Queste Del Saint Graal," Etc. Etc.</p> + +<br> +<p>London:<br> +Published for the Early English Text Society,<br> +by Trübner & Co., 60, Paternoster Row.<br> +MDCCCLXIV</p> + +</div> + + <hr class="doublepage"> + +<div class="div" id="toc"><a name="toc_1"></a><h2>Contents</h2><ul class="toc"> +<li style="margin: 0em 0em;"><a href="#toc_2">Preface</a></li> +<li style="margin: 0em 0em;"><a href="#toc_3">Arthur</a></li> +<li style="margin: 0em 0em;"><a href="#toc_4">Words</a></li> +<li style="margin: 0em 0em;"><a href="#toc_5">Notes</a></li> +</ul></div> + +<div> + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg v]</span> + +<h2><a name="toc_2">Preface</a></h2> + +<p>As one of the chief objects of the Early English Text Society +is to print every Early English Text relating to Arthur, the +Committee have decided that this short sketch of the British +hero's life shall form one of the first issue of the Society's publications. +The six hundred and forty-two English lines here +printed occur in an incomplete Latin Chronicle of the Kings +of Britain, bound up with many other valuable pieces in a +MS. belonging to the Marquis of Bath. The old chronicler +has dealt with Uther Pendragon, and Brounsteele (Excalibur), +and is narrating Arthur's deeds, when, as if feeling that Latin +prose was no fit vehicle for telling of Arthur, king of men, he +breaks out into English verse,</p> + +<div class="linegroup"> +<p class="line">"Herkenež, žat louež hono<i>ur</i>,</p> +<p class="line">Of kyng Arthour & hys labo<i>ur</i>."</p> +</div> + +<p>The story he tells is an abstract, with omissions, of the +earlier version of Geoffry of Monmouth, before the love of +Guinevere for Lancelot was introduced by the French-writing +English romancers of the Lionheart's time (so far as I know), +into the Arthur tales. The fact of Mordred's being Arthur's +son, begotten by him on his sister, King Lot's wife, is also +omitted; so that the story is just that of a British king +founding the Round Table, conquering Scotland, Ireland, Gothland, +and divers parts of France, killing a giant from Spain, + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg vi]</span> +beating Lucius the Emperor of Rome, and returning home to +lose his own life, after the battle in which the traitor whom he +had trusted, and who has seized his queen and his land, was +slain.</p> + +<div class="linegroup"> +<p class="line">"He that will more look,</p> +<p class="line">Read on the French book,"</p> +</div> + +<p>says our verse-writer: and to that the modern reader must still +be referred, or to the translations of parts of it, which we hope +to print or reprint, and that most pleasantly jumbled abstract +of its parts by Sir Thomas Maleor, Knight, which has long +been the delight of many a reader,—though despised by the +stern old Ascham, whose Scholemaster was to turn it out of the +land.—There the glory of the Holy Grail will be revealed to +him; there the Knight of God made known; there the only +true lovers in the world will tell their loves and kiss their +kisses before him; and the Fates which of old enforced the +penalty of sin will show that their arm is not shortened, and +that though the brave and guilty king fights well and gathers +all the glory of the world around him, yet still the sword is +over his head, and, for the evil that he has done, his life and +vain imaginings must pass away in dust and confusion.</p> + +<p>Of the language of the Poem there is little to say: its dialect +is Southern, as shown by the verbal plural <i>th</i>, the <i>vyve</i> for five, +<i>zyx</i> for six, <i>ych</i> for I, <i>har</i> (their), <i>ham</i> (them), for <i>her, hem</i>; +<i>hulle, dude, ȝut</i>, for hill, did, yet, the infinitive in <i>y (rekeny)</i>, +etc. Of its poetical merits, every reader will judge for himself; +but that it has power in some parts I hope few will deny. +Arthur's answer to Lucius, and two lines in the duel with +Frollo,</p> + +<div class="linegroup"> +<p class="line">"There was no word y-spoke,</p> +<p class="line">But eche had other by the throte,"</p> +</div> + +<p>are to be noted. Parts of the MS. have very much faded since +it was written some ten or twenty years before 1450, so that a + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg vii]</span> +few of the words are queried in the print. The MS. contains +a few metrical points and stops, which I have here printed +between parentheses (). The expansions of the contractions are +printed in italics, but the ordinary doubt whether the final +lined <i>n</i> or <i>u</i>—for they are often undistinguishable—is to be +printed n<i>e</i>, n<i>ne</i>, or u<i>n</i>, exists here too.</p> + +<p>I am indebted to Mr. Sims, of the Manuscript Department +of the British Museum, for pointing out the Poem to me, and +to the Marquis of Bath for his kind permission to copy it for +printing.</p> + +<br> + +<p style="text-align: right"><i>3, Old Square, Lincoln's Inn,</i></p> +<p style="text-align: right"><i>London, W.C., August 30, 1864.</i></p> + +</div> + +<!--/div--> + +<!--div class="body"--> + +<div> + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 1]</span> +<h2><a name="toc_3">Arthur</a></h2> +<h2 class="sub">From the Marquis of Bath's MS.</h2> + + + +<p style="text-align: center">BEF. 1450 A.D.</p> + +<br> + +<p style="font-weight: bold">[The Latin side notes in italics, and the stops of the text in +parentheses (), are those of the MS.]</p> + +<br> + +<div class="linegroup"> +<p class="line">Herkenež, žat louež hono<i>ur</i>, +<span class="marginnote">[Fol. 42<i>b</i>.]</span></p> +<p class="line">Of kyng Arthour & hys labo<i>ur</i>;</p> +<p class="line">And furst how he was bygete, +<span class="marginnote">How Arthur was begotten</span></p> + +<p class="line">As ž<i>a</i>t we in bok<i>is</i> do rede. +<span class="linenumber">4</span></p> +<p class="line">Vther pendragon<i>e</i> was hys fader, +<span class="marginnote">by Pendragon on Ygerne.</span></p> +<p class="line">And ygerne was hys Moder.</p> +<p class="line">Pendragon<i>e</i> ys in walysch<i>e</i></p> + +<p class="line">'Dragones heed' on Englysch<i>e</i>; +<span class="marginnote">Pendragon (<i>t.i.</i> Dragon's Head) made two painted dragons,</span> +<span class="linenumber">8</span></p> +<p class="line">He maked ypeynted dragon<i>e</i>s two;</p> +<p class="line">Oon schold byfore him goo</p> +<p class="line">Whan he went to batayle,</p> + +<p class="line">Whan he wold hys foes sayle; +<span class="linenumber">12</span></p> +<p class="line">That other abood at wynchester,</p> +<p class="line">Euermore stylle there.</p> +<p class="line">Bretones ȝaf hym ž<i>a</i>t Name, +<span class="marginnote">and thence had his name.</span></p> + +<p class="line">Vther Pendragon<i>e</i> že same, +<span class="linenumber">16</span></p> +<p class="line">For žat skyle fer & nere</p> +<p class="line">Euer-more hyt to here.</p> +</div> + +<div class="linegroup"> +<p class="line">The Erles wyff of Cornewayle +<span class="marginnote">How Uther loved the Earl of Cornwall's wife,</span></p> +<p class="line">He loued to Muche sanz fayle; +<span class="linenumber">20</span></p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 2 - Arthur Has the Round Table Made.]</span> + +<p class="line">Merlyn wyž hys sotelnesse</p> +<p class="line">Turned vtheris lyknesse,</p> +<p class="line">And maked hym lyche že Erl anone,</p> + +<p class="line">And wyž hys wyff (:) his wyll<i>e</i> to done +<span class="linenumber">24</span></p> +<p class="line">In že cou<i>n</i>tre of Cornewell<i>e</i>:</p> +<p class="line">In že Castel of Tyntagell<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class="line">Thus vther, yf y schall<i>e</i> nat lye,</p> + +<p class="line">Bygat Arthour in avowtrye. +<span class="linenumber">28</span> +<span class="marginnote">and begat Arthur in adultery.</span></p> +<p class="line">Whan vther Pendragon<i>e</i> was deed,</p> +<p class="line">Arthour anon was y-crowned; +<span class="marginnote">Arthur is crowned,</span></p> +<p class="line">He was courteys, large, & Gent</p> + +<p class="line">to alle puple verrament; +<span class="linenumber">32</span></p> +<p class="line">Beaute, Myȝt, amyable chere</p> +<p class="line">To alle Men ferre and neere;</p> +<p class="line">Hys port (;) hys ȝyftes gentyll<i>e</i></p> + +<p class="line">Maked hym y-loved wyll<i>e</i>; +<span class="linenumber">36</span> +<span class="marginnote">is loved of all,</span></p> +<p class="line">Ech mon was glad of hys p<i>re</i>sence,</p> +<p class="line">And drade to do hym dysplesau<i>n</i>ce;</p> +<p class="line">A stronger Man of hys honde +<span class="marginnote">is strong</span></p> + +<p class="line">was neuer founde on any londe, +<span class="linenumber">40</span></p> +<p class="line">As courteys as any Mayde:— +<span class="marginnote">and courteous.</span></p> +<p class="line">Žus wrytež of hym ž<i>a</i>t hym a-sayde. +<span class="marginnote">[Fol. 42<i>b</i>. col. 2.]</span></p> +<p class="line">At Cayrlyon<i>e</i>, wyt<i>h</i>oute fable,</p> + +<p class="line">he let make že Rou<i>n</i>de table: +<span class="linenumber">44</span> +<span class="marginnote">He makes the Round Table,</span></p> +<p class="line">And why ž<i>a</i>t he maked hyt žus,</p> +<p class="line">Žis was že resou<i>n</i> y-wyss,—</p> +<p class="line">Žat no man schulde sytt aboue other, +<span class="marginnote">that all at it might be equal.</span></p> + +<p class="line">ne haue indignaciou<i>n</i> of hys brož<i>er</i>; +<span class="linenumber">48</span></p> +<p class="line">And alle hadde (.)oo(.) seruyse,</p> +<p class="line">For no pryde scholde aryse</p> +<p class="line">For any degree of syttynge,</p> + +<p class="line">Ožer for any seruynge:— +<span class="linenumber">52</span></p> +<p class="line">Žus he kept že table Rou<i>n</i>de</p> +<p class="line">Whyle he leuyd on že grou<i>n</i>de.</p> +<p class="line">After he hadde conquered skotlond +<span class="marginnote">After his first conquests</span></p> + +<p class="line">yrland & Gotland, +<span class="linenumber">56</span></p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 3 - He Fights Frollo for France.]</span> + +<p class="line"><i>Žan</i> leuyd he at že best +<span class="marginnote">he lives twelve years in peace,</span></p> +<p class="line">twelf ȝeeris on all<i>e</i> reste</p> +<p class="line">Wyžoute werre (:) tyll<i>e</i> at že laste</p> + +<p class="line">he žouȝt to make (.)a(.) nywe <i>con</i>queste. +<span class="linenumber">60</span></p> +<p class="line">Into Frau<i>n</i>ce wyž gode cou<i>n</i>ceyle +<span class="marginnote">and then invades France.</span></p> +<p class="line">he wolde weende (:) & hyt assayle,</p> +<p class="line">Žat Rome žo kept vnder Myght,</p> + +<p class="line">Vnder Frollo (:) a worthy knyght +<span class="linenumber">64</span></p> +<p class="line">Ž<i>a</i>t frau<i>n</i>ce hadde žo to kepe,</p> +<p class="line">To rywle, defende, & to lede.</p> +<p class="line">Arthour and Frollo fouȝt in feld; +<span class="marginnote">He beats Frollo back to Paris,</span></p> + +<p class="line">Žere deyde many vnder scheld. +<span class="linenumber">68</span></p> +<p class="line">Frollo in-to Paryss fly,</p> +<p class="line">W<i>y</i>th strenkthe kept hyt wysely:</p> +<p class="line">Arthour byseged ž<i>a</i>t Syte & town +<span class="marginnote">and there besieges him, till</span></p> + +<p class="line">Tyll<i>e</i> žeire vytayl was y-doon. +<span class="linenumber">72</span></p> +<p class="line">Frollo žat worthy knyght +<span class="marginnote">Frollo challenges him to single combat.</span></p> +<p class="line">Proferyd w<i>y</i>t<i>h</i> Artho<i>ur</i> for to fyght</p> +<p class="line">Vnder žis wyse & condiciou<i>n</i>,—</p> + +<p class="line">"Ho hadde že Maystrie (:) haue že crown; +<span class="linenumber">76</span></p> +<p class="line">And no mo men but žey two."</p> +<p class="line">Že day Was sett (:) to-geder žey go: +<span class="marginnote">They fight:</span></p> +<p class="line">Fayr hyt was to byholde</p> + +<p class="line">In suche two knyȝghteȝ bolde: +<span class="linenumber">80</span></p> +<p class="line">Žer was no word y-spoke,</p> +<p class="line">But eche hadde other by že žrote;</p> +<p class="line">Žey smote w<i>y</i>t<i>h</i> trou<i>n</i>chou<i>n</i> & w<i>y</i>t<i>h</i> swerd;</p> + +<p class="line">Žat hyt seye were a-ferd; +<span class="linenumber">84</span> +<span class="marginnote">[Fol. 43.]</span></p> +<p class="line">Frollo fouȝt wyž hys ax (:) as men dude se; +<span class="marginnote">(Frollo with his axe)</span></p> +<p class="line">He hytt Arthour (:) so sore (:) ž<i>a</i>t he felle on kne.</p> +<p class="line">He ros vp raply (:) and smot hym full<i>e</i> sore;</p> + +<p class="line">He dude hym to grent a (.) soueȝ<a id= "note_1_return"></a><a href="#note_1"><span class="footnoteref">1</span></a> ž<i>er</i>fore. +<span class="linenumber">88</span></p> +<p class="line">thus they hyw on helmes hye,</p> +<p class="line">And schatered on wyž scheldes.</p> +<p class="line">Že puple by-gan to crye</p> + +<p class="line">Žat stood on že feldes; +<span class="linenumber">92</span></p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 4 - Arthur Returns Victorious to Britain,]</span> + +<p class="line">ther ne wyst no man, as y can ler<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class="line">Who of ham two was že better<i>e</i> žer<i>e</i>.</p> +<p class="line">Arthour was chafed & wexed wroth<i>e</i>, +<span class="marginnote">till Arthur in wrath takes Brownsteel,</span></p> + +<p class="line">He hente brou<i>n</i>steell<i>e</i> | and to Frollo goth<i>e</i> +<span class="linenumber">96</span></p> +<p class="line">Brou<i>n</i>stell<i>e</i> was heuy & also kene; +<span class="marginnote"><i>Caliburn</i>us <i>Arthuri Gladius</i> [with a sketch thereof in the MS.]</span></p> +<p class="line">Fra<i>m</i> že schulder(:) to že syde went bytwene</p> +<p class="line">Off frollo | and žan he fell to že grou<i>n</i>de</p> + +<p class="line">Ryȝt as he moste | deed(.) in lyte stou<i>n</i>de. +<span class="linenumber">100</span> +<span class="marginnote">and strikes Frollo dead.</span></p> +<p class="line">Frensch<i>e</i> men made doell<i>e</i> & wept full<i>e</i> faste;</p> +<p class="line">Žeir Crowne of frau<i>n</i>ce žere žey loste.</p> +<p class="line">Than wente Arthour in-to paryse +<span class="marginnote">Arthur takes Paris.</span></p> + +<p class="line">And toke že castell<i>e</i> & že town at hys avyse. +<span class="linenumber">104</span></p> +<p class="line">Worschuped be god of hys grete grace +<span class="marginnote">Glory to God.</span></p> +<p class="line">Ž<i>a</i>t žus ȝeuež fortune(:) and worschup to že Reme;</p> +<p class="line">Thanke ȝe hym all<i>e</i> ž<i>a</i>t bež on žis place,</p> + +<p class="line">And seyež a Pater noster w<i>y</i>t<i>h</i>out any Beeme. +<span class="linenumber">108</span> +<span class="marginnote">Say ye a Pater Noster therefore.</span></p> +</div> + +<p style="font-weight: bold">Pater noster.</p> + +<div class="linegroup"> +<p class="line">Artho<i>ur</i> fram paryse went w<i>y</i>t<i>h</i> hys Rowte,</p> +<p class="line">And co<i>n</i>quered že Cou<i>n</i>tre on euery syde aboute; +<span class="marginnote">Arthur conquers the countries around,</span></p> +<p class="line">Angeoy<a id="note_2_return"></a><a href="#note_2"><span class="footnoteref">2</span></a>, Peytow, Berry, & Gaskoyne,</p> + +<p class="line">Nauerne, Burgon<i>e</i> | Loreyn & Toreyne; +<span class="linenumber">112</span></p> +<p class="line">He dau<i>n</i>ted že proude | & hawted že poure;</p> +<p class="line">He dwelt long in Paryss after in honoure;</p> +<p class="line">He was drad and loued in cou<i>n</i>treis abowte;</p> + +<p class="line">Heyest & lowest hym Loved & alowte; +<span class="linenumber">116</span></p> +<p class="line">And vpon an Esto<i>ur</i> tyme sone afterward</p> +<p class="line">He fested hys knyght<i>is</i> & ȝaf ham gret reward; +<span class="marginnote">distributes them among his knights,</span></p> +<p class="line">To hys styward he ȝaf Angers & Au<i>n</i>geye;</p> + +<p class="line">To Bedewer hys botyler he ȝaf Norma<i>n</i>dye; +<span class="linenumber">120</span></p> +<p class="line">He ȝaf to Holdyne flau<i>n</i>drys parde;</p> +<p class="line">To Borel hys Cosyn, Boloyne že cyte;</p> +<p class="line">And eche man, after že astat žat he was,</p> + +<p class="line">He rewarded hem alle, bože More & lasse, +<span class="linenumber">124</span></p> +<p class="line">And ȝaf hem reward, bože lond and Fee,</p> +<p class="line">And turned to Breteyn, to Carlyo<i>n</i>e ayhe. +<span class="marginnote">and returns to Britain.</span></p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 5 - And Then Holds a Great Feast.]</span> + +<p class="line">Artho<i>ur</i> wolde of hono<i>ur</i> +<span class="marginnote">[Fol. 43<i>b</i>, col. 1.]</span></p> + +<p class="line">Hold a fest at Eestour +<span class="linenumber">128</span> +<span class="marginnote">Arthur gives an Easter Feast</span></p> +<p class="line">Of regalye & worthynesse,</p> +<p class="line">And feede alle hys frendess;</p> +<p class="line">And sende Messanger</p> + +<p class="line">To kynges ferre & neer +<span class="linenumber">132</span></p> +<p class="line">Žat were to hym Omager,</p> +<p class="line">to come to žis Dyner.</p> +<p class="line">And alle at oo certeyn day</p> + +<p class="line">They come žyder in gode aray, +<span class="linenumber">136</span></p> +<p class="line">And kept žeire Ceson<i>e</i></p> +<p class="line">At že Castell<i>e</i> Cayrlyon<i>e</i>. +<span class="marginnote">at Carlyon, greater than ere before.</span></p> +<p class="line">Thys fest was Muche Moore</p> + +<p class="line">Žan euere Artho<i>ur</i> made a-fore; +<span class="linenumber">140</span></p> +<p class="line">For žere was Vrweyn že kynge +<span class="marginnote">Ten kings were there,</span></p> +<p class="line">Of scottes at žat dynynge,</p> +<p class="line">Stater že kyng of south wales,</p> + +<p class="line">Cadwell<i>e</i> že kyng of north waleȝ, +<span class="linenumber">144</span></p> +<p class="line">Gwylmar že kyng of yrland,</p> +<p class="line">Dolmad že kyng of guthland,</p> +<p class="line">Malgan of yselond also,</p> + +<p class="line">Archyl of De<i>n</i>march ž<i>er</i>to, +<span class="linenumber">148</span></p> +<p class="line">Aloth<i>e</i> že kyng of Norwey,</p> +<p class="line">Souenas že kyng of Orkenye,</p> +<p class="line">Of Breteyn že kyng Hoel,</p> + +<p class="line">Cador Erl of Cornewell<i>e</i>, +<span class="linenumber">152</span> +<span class="marginnote">and thirteen earls</span></p> +<p class="line">Morice že Erl of Gloucestr<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class="line">Marran Erl of Wy<i>n</i>chestre,</p> +<p class="line">Gwergou<i>n</i>d Erl of herford,</p> + +<p class="line">Booȝ Erl of Oxenford, +<span class="linenumber">156</span></p> +<p class="line">Of bathe vngent že Erl also, +<span class="marginnote">(including him of Bath),</span></p> +<p class="line">Cursal of Chestr<i>e</i> žer-to,</p> +<p class="line">Euerad Erl of salesbury,<a id="note_3_return"></a><a href="#note_3"><span class="footnoteref">3</span></a></p> + +<p class="line">Kynmar Erl of Canterbury, +<span class="linenumber">160</span></p> +<p class="line">Jonas že Erl of Dorcestre,</p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 6 - Arthur's Guests at Cayrlyone.]</span> + +<p class="line">Valence že Erl of sylchestr<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class="line">Jugeyn of Leyccer [?] ž<i>er</i>to,</p> + +<p class="line">Argal of warwyk also,— +<span class="linenumber">164</span></p> +<p class="line">Kynges & Erles Echon</p> +<p class="line">Žes wer<i>e</i>; & many anož<i>er</i> goom +<span class="marginnote">with many other gentles great,</span></p> +<p class="line">Gret of astaat, & že beste,</p> + +<p class="line">Žes were at že Feste. +<span class="linenumber">168</span></p> +<p class="line">Other also gentyls grete</p> +<p class="line">Were žere at žat Meete,</p> +<p class="line">Sauer appon Donand,</p> + +<p class="line">Regeym & Alard, +<span class="linenumber">172</span></p> +<p class="line">Reyneȝ fitȝ Colys,</p> +<p class="line">Tade<i>us</i> fitȝ Reis,</p> +<p class="line">Delyn fitȝ Dauid,</p> + +<p class="line">Kymbelyn le fitȝ Gryffith, +<span class="linenumber">176</span></p> +<p class="line">Gryffitȝ že Sone of Nagand,</p> +<p class="line">Žes were žer<i>e</i> also theoband:</p> +<p class="line">Alle žes were žere w<i>y</i>t<i>h</i>oute fable,</p> + +<p class="line">W<i>y</i>t<i>h</i>oute ham of že rou<i>n</i>de table. +<span class="linenumber">180</span> +<span class="marginnote">besides the Round Tablers,</span></p> +<p class="line">Thre archebusschopes ž<i>er</i> wer<i>e</i> also, +<span class="marginnote">Archbishops,</span></p> +<p class="line">And other busschopes many mo— +<span class="marginnote">Bishops,</span></p> +<p class="line">All<i>e</i> žis mayne were nat al-oone;</p> + +<p class="line">W<i>y</i>t<i>h</i> ham com many a Goome. +<span class="linenumber">184</span></p> +<p class="line">Žis feste dured dayes žre</p> +<p class="line">In reuell<i>e</i> & sole<i>m</i>pnite.</p> +<p class="line">Of by ȝonde že See also +<span class="marginnote">and many from beyond the sea.</span></p> + +<p class="line">Many lordez[?] were žere žo. +<span class="linenumber">188</span></p> +<p class="line">Now restež alle wyž Me,</p> +<p class="line">And say a Pater & Ave.</p> +</div> + +<p style="font-weight: bold">Pater noster.</p> + +<div class="linegroup"> +<p class="line">The žrydde day folowyng</p> + +<p class="line">The<i>n</i> coom nywe tydynge, +<span class="linenumber">192</span></p> +<p class="line">Že whyle žey sete at že Mete</p> +<p class="line">Messagers were In ylete; +<span class="marginnote">To the feasters came messengers from the Roman Emperor,</span></p> +<p class="line">Well<i>e</i> arayd forsože žey come,</p> + +<p class="line">& send fram cite of Rome +<span class="linenumber">196</span></p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 7 - Lucius's Message to Arthur.]</span> + +<p class="line">Wyž l<i>ett</i>res of že Emp<i>er</i>oures</p> +<p class="line">Whas name was Lucies. +<span class="marginnote"><i>luci</i>us.</span></p> +<p class="line">Žes l<i>ett</i>res were opened & vnfold,</p> + +<p class="line">And že tydyng<i>e</i> to alle men told, +<span class="linenumber">200</span></p> +<p class="line">Whas sentence, yf y ne lye,</p> +<p class="line">Was after ž<i>a</i>t y can aspye:</p> +<p class="line">¶ Luci<i>u</i>s že grete Emp<i>er</i>our +<span class="marginnote">L<i>ite</i>ra Lucii i<i>m</i>p<i>er</i>at<i>oris</i>.</span></p> + +<p class="line">To hys Enemy Arthour:— +<span class="linenumber">204</span></p> +<p class="line">We wounderež of ži wodeness</p> +<p class="line">And also of žy Madnesse!</p> +<p class="line">How darst žow any wyse</p> + +<p class="line">Aȝenst the Emp<i>er</i>o<i>ur</i> ž<i>u</i>s aryse, +<span class="linenumber">208</span> +<span class="marginnote">saying, that to have invaded France, etc., and made kings, Arthur must be mad in his noll;</span></p> +<p class="line">And ryde on Remes on eche wey,</p> +<p class="line">And make kyngeȝ to že obey?</p> +<p class="line">Žu art wood on že Nolle!</p> + +<p class="line">Žu hast scley owre cosyn frolle; +<span class="linenumber">212</span></p> +<p class="line">Žu schalt be tawȝt at a schort day +<span class="marginnote">[Fol. 44, col. 1.]</span></p> +<p class="line">for to make such<i>e</i> aray.</p> +<p class="line">Oure cosyn Iuli<i>us</i> cesar</p> + +<p class="line">So<i>m</i>me tyme conquered žar; +<span class="linenumber">216</span></p> +<p class="line">To Rome žu owest hys trybut; +<span class="marginnote">that he must pay his tribute,</span></p> +<p class="line">We chargež že to paye vs hyt.</p> +<p class="line">Thy pryde we woll<i>e</i> alaye</p> + +<p class="line">Žat makest so gret aray: +<span class="linenumber">220</span></p> +<p class="line">We co<i>m</i>mandež že on haste</p> +<p class="line">To paye owre trybut faste;</p> +<p class="line">Žu hast scley frolle in frau<i>n</i>ce</p> + +<p class="line">Žat hadde vnder vs žer<i>e</i> gou<i>er</i>nau<i>n</i>ce, +<span class="linenumber">224</span></p> +<p class="line">And wyžholdest oure tribute ž<i>er</i>to:</p> +<p class="line">Žu schalt be tawȝt žu hast mysdo:</p> +<p class="line">We co<i>m</i>mandež že in haste soone</p> + +<p class="line">Žat žu come to vs at Rome +<span class="linenumber">228</span> +<span class="marginnote">and come to Rome to be punished for his disobedience.</span></p> +<p class="line">To vnd<i>er</i>fang our<i>e</i> ordynau<i>n</i>ce</p> +<p class="line">For žy dysobediau<i>n</i>ce;</p> +<p class="line">As žu wold nat leze žy lyf,</p> + +<p class="line">Fulfylle žys w<i>y</i>t<i>h</i>oute stryff." +<span class="linenumber">232</span></p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 8 - Arthur's Answer to Lucius.]</span> + +<p class="line">When žis l<i>ett</i>re was open & rad;</p> +<p class="line">Že bretou<i>n</i>s & all<i>e</i> men wer<i>e</i> mad, +<span class="marginnote">The Britons purpose to kill the messengers,</span></p> +<p class="line">And wolde že messager scle:—</p> + +<p class="line">"Nay," seyd Arthour, "per de, +<span class="linenumber">236</span> +<span class="marginnote">but Arthur forbids it,</span></p> +<p class="line">That were aȝenst alle kynde,</p> +<p class="line">A messager to bete or bynde;</p> +<p class="line">y charge alle men here</p> + +<p class="line">for to make ham good chere." +<span class="linenumber">240</span></p> +<p class="line">And after Mete sanz fayl</p> +<p class="line">Wyž hys lordes he hadde cou<i>n</i>sayl;</p> +<p class="line">And alle asented žer to,</p> + +<p class="line">Artho<i>ur</i> to Rome scholde go; +<span class="linenumber">244</span> +<span class="marginnote">and resolves to invade Rome.</span></p> +<p class="line">And žey ne wolde in hys t<i>ra</i>uayle</p> +<p class="line">Wyž strenkž & good neuer fayle.</p> +<p class="line">Than Artho<i>ur</i> wroot to Rome a l<i>ett</i>re,</p> + +<p class="line">Was sentence was so<i>m</i>m-what bytter<i>e</i>, +<span class="linenumber">248</span></p> +<p class="line">And sayde i<i>n</i> žis manere</p> +<p class="line">As ȝe may hure here:—</p> +</div> + +<div class="linegroup"> +<p class="line">"Knowež well<i>e</i> ȝe of Romayne, +<span class="marginnote"><i>L</i>ite<i>ra Reg</i>is<i> Arthuri.</i></span></p> + +<p class="line">Y am kyng Artho<i>ur</i> of Bretayne. +<span class="linenumber">252</span> +<span class="marginnote">Arthur's answer to the Emperor Lucius,</span></p> +<p class="line">Frau<i>n</i>ce, y haue conquered hyt,</p> +<p class="line">Y schall<i>e</i> defende & kepe hyt ȝut, +<span class="marginnote">[Fol. 44, col. 2.]</span></p> +<p class="line">Y come to Rome, as y am tryw,</p> + +<p class="line">To take my trybut (.) to me dywe, +<span class="linenumber">256</span> +<span class="marginnote">claiming tribute from him.</span></p> +<p class="line">But noon žere-for to paye,</p> +<p class="line">By my werk ȝe schall<i>e</i> asay;</p> +<p class="line">For že Emp<i>er</i>our Constantyne</p> + +<p class="line">Žat was že Soone of Elyne, +<span class="linenumber">260</span></p> +<p class="line">Žat was a Breton<i>e</i> of žis lond,</p> +<p class="line">Co<i>n</i>quered Rome w<i>y</i>t<i>h</i> hys hond,</p> +<p class="line">And so ȝe owež me tribut:</p> + +<p class="line">Y charge ȝow žat ȝe pay me hyt. +<span class="linenumber">264</span></p> +<p class="line">Also Maximian kyng of Bretaigne</p> +<p class="line">Co[<i>n</i>]quered al frau<i>n</i>ce & Almayne,</p> +<p class="line">Lombardye Rome & ytalye—</p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 9 - The Messenger's Report of Arthur.]</span> + +<p class="line">By ȝoure bok<i>is</i> ȝe may a-spye. +<span class="linenumber">268</span></p> +<p class="line">Y am žeir Eyr & žeyre lynage,</p> +<p class="line">Y aske ȝow my trywage."</p> +</div> + +<div class="linegroup"> +<p class="line">Žis l<i>ett</i>re was celyd fast,</p> + +<p class="line">Y-take the Messagerez on hast; +<span class="linenumber">272</span></p> +<p class="line">Arthour ȝaf ham ȝyftez grete,</p> +<p class="line">And chered ham wyž drynk and Mete.</p> +<p class="line">Žey hasted ham to come hoom; +<span class="marginnote">Lucius's messengers return to him.</span></p> + +<p class="line">Byfor že Emp<i>er</i>o<i>ur</i> žey bež coom; +<span class="linenumber">276</span></p> +<p class="line">Saluted hym as resou<i>n</i> ys,</p> +<p class="line">And toke hym žes letterys.</p> +<p class="line">Žey seyde to že Emp<i>er</i>our</p> + +<p class="line">"We have be wyž kyng Artho<i>ur</i>; +<span class="linenumber">280</span></p> +<p class="line">But such anož<i>er</i> as he ys oon,</p> +<p class="line">Say neuer no Man.</p> +<p class="line">He ys s<i>er</i>ued on hys howshold</p> + +<p class="line">Wyž kynges, Erles, worthy & bold; +<span class="linenumber">284</span></p> +<p class="line">Hys worthynesse, sur Emp<i>er</i>our,</p> +<p class="line">Passež Much<i>e</i> all<i>e</i> ȝowre;</p> +<p class="line">He seyde he wolde hyder come +<span class="marginnote">and give him Arthur's message.</span></p> + +<p class="line">And take trywage of all<i>e</i> Rome, +<span class="linenumber">288</span></p> +<p class="line">We dowtež last he wel do soo,</p> +<p class="line">For he ys Myghty ynow žer-too."</p> +<p class="line">Now, erst žan we goo feržer,</p> + +<p class="line">Every man žat ys here +<span class="linenumber">292</span></p> +<p class="line">Sey a Pater noster</p> +<p class="line">And ave wyž gode chere; Ame<i>n</i>.</p> +</div> + +<p style="font-weight: bold">Pater noster</p> +<p style="font-weight: bold">Ave Maria.</p> + +<div class="linegroup"> +<p class="line">Now stureth hym self Artho<i>ur</i> +<span class="marginnote">[Fol. 44<i>b</i>.]</span></p> + +<p class="line">Ženkyng on hys labo<i>ur</i>, +<span class="linenumber">296</span></p> +<p class="line">And gaderyž to hym strenghth aboute, +<span class="marginnote">Arthur prepares for his expedition to Rome.</span></p> +<p class="line">Hys kynges & Erles on a rowte—</p> +<p class="line">A fayr syȝt to Mannes ye</p> + +<p class="line">to see suche a cheualrye,— +<span class="linenumber">300</span></p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 10 - The Number of Arthur's Host.]</span> + +<p class="line">The kyng of Gotland, +<span class="marginnote">Has five kings,</span></p> +<p class="line">Also že kyng of Irland,</p> +<p class="line">the kyng of ysland | & of Orkenye,</p> + +<p class="line">Žis was worthy Maynye; +<span class="linenumber">304</span></p> +<p class="line">The kyng of Denmark also was žer<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class="line">Žis was a worthy chere:</p> +<p class="line">Eche of žese vyve at her venyw</p> + +<p class="line">Brouȝt zyx žousand at har retenyw; +<span class="linenumber">308</span></p> +<p class="line">xxx<sup>ti</sup> žowsand, yc<i>h</i> vnderstand, +<span class="marginnote">with 30,000 men,</span></p> +<p class="line">Žes vyf kyng<i>is</i> hadde on honde.</p> +<p class="line">Than hadde he out of Normandye,</p> + +<p class="line">Of Angeoy & of Almanye, +<span class="linenumber">312</span> +<span class="marginnote">80,000 Normans and</span></p> +<p class="line">Boloyne(.) Peytow & flau<i>n</i>dres</p> +<p class="line">Fowre skore žowsand harneys—</p> +<p class="line">Geryn of Chartez .xij. žowsand +<span class="marginnote">12,000 from Chartres,</span></p> + +<p class="line">žat went wyž Arto<i>ur</i> euer at honde; +<span class="linenumber">316</span></p> +<p class="line">Hoel of bretayn, žowsandez ten +<span class="marginnote">10,000 Bretons.</span></p> +<p class="line">Of hardy & well<i>e</i> fyghtyng Men;</p> +<p class="line">Out of Bretaygne hys owne land</p> + +<p class="line">He passed fourty žowsand +<span class="linenumber">320</span> +<span class="marginnote">and 40,000 British:</span></p> +<p class="line">Of Archerys & off Arblastere</p> +<p class="line">Ž<i>a</i>t Cowž well<i>e</i> že craft of werre.</p> +<p class="line">¶ In Foot other Many a Man Moo</p> + +<p class="line">Able to feyght(:) as well<i>e</i> as žo: +<span class="linenumber">324</span></p> +<p class="line">Two hunderd žousand +<span class="marginnote">in all 200,000.</span></p> +<p class="line">Went wyž hym out of lond,</p> +<p class="line">And Many moo sykerly</p> + +<p class="line">That y can<a id="note_4_return"></a><a href= "#note_4"><span class="footnoteref">4</span></a> not nombrye. +<span class="linenumber">328</span></p> +<p class="line">Artho<i>ur</i> toke žan že lond</p> +<p class="line">To Moddredes owne hond; +<span class="marginnote">Britain is left in Mordred's charge.</span></p> +<p class="line">He kept al ožer žyng</p> + +<p class="line">Saue žo Corowne weryng; +<span class="linenumber">332</span></p> +<p class="line">But he was [fals] of hys kepynge,</p> +<p class="line">As ȝe schall<i>e</i> hure here folewynge.</p> +<p class="line">Now than<i>ne</i> ys Arto<i>ur</i> y-Come</p> + +<p class="line">And hys Ost to Sowthamptone: +<span class="linenumber">336</span> +<span class="marginnote">Arthur ships at Southampton,</span></p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 11 - The Giant that Ravished Fair Elayne.]</span> + +<p class="line">Ther was Many a Man of Myghte</p> +<p class="line">Strong & bold also to fyghte.</p> +<p class="line">Eche man hath take his schuppynge,</p> + +<p class="line">And ys at hys loghynge. +<span class="linenumber">340</span></p> +<p class="line">Vp gož že sayl(:) žey saylež faste:</p> +<p class="line">Arthour owt of syȝt ys paste.</p> +<p class="line">Že ferst lond žat he gan Meete,</p> + +<p class="line">Forsože hyt was Bareflete; +<span class="linenumber">344</span> +<span class="marginnote">and lands at Barfleet.</span></p> +<p class="line">Ther he gan vp furst aryve.</p> +<p class="line">Now well<i>e</i> Mote Artho<i>ur</i> spede & thryve;</p> +<p class="line">And žat hys saule spede že better, +<span class="marginnote">God speed him!</span></p> + +<p class="line">Lat eche man sey a Pater noster. +<span class="linenumber">348</span></p> +</div> + +<p style="font-weight: bold">Pater noster.</p> + +<div class="linegroup"> +<p class="line">Now god spede Artour well<i>e</i>!</p> +<p class="line">hym ys comyng a nyw batell<i>e</i>. +<span class="marginnote">A new foe appears, a Spanish Giant,</span></p> +<p class="line">Ther coom a gyant out of spayne,</p> + +<p class="line">And rauasched had fayr Elayne; +<span class="linenumber">352</span></p> +<p class="line">He had brouȝt heor<i>e</i> vp on an hulle—</p> +<p class="line">Mornyng hyt ys to hure or telle—</p> +<p class="line">Cosyn heo was to kyng hoell,</p> + +<p class="line">A damesel fayr and gentell<i>e</i>; +<span class="linenumber">356</span></p> +<p class="line">And ȝut ferž<i>er</i>more to,</p> +<p class="line">He rauasehed heore Moder also. +<span class="marginnote">who has slain fair Elayne.</span></p> +<p class="line">He dude že damesel for to dye</p> + +<p class="line">for he myght not lygge heor bye. +<span class="linenumber">360</span></p> +<p class="line">Whan žis was told to Artour,</p> +<p class="line">He maked Much dolour,</p> +<p class="line">And send Bedewer for to spye +<span class="marginnote">Arthur sends Bedwere first as a spy,</span></p> + +<p class="line">How he myght come hym bye; +<span class="linenumber">364</span></p> +<p class="line">And he was nat sclowh,</p> +<p class="line">But to že hulle hym drowh</p> +<p class="line">Žat Closed was wyž wat<i>er</i> stronge,</p> + +<p class="line">Že hulle a-Mydde gret & longe; +<span class="linenumber">368</span></p> +<p class="line">He went ouer to že hulle syde,</p> +<p class="line">And žere a fonde a wo<i>m</i>man<i>e</i> byde</p> +<p class="line">Žat sorwedd & wept Mornynge</p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 12 - Arthur's Fight with the Giant.]</span> + +<p class="line">For Eleynes dež & dep<i>ar</i>tynge, +<span class="linenumber">372</span></p> +<p class="line">And bad Bedewer to fle also</p> +<p class="line">Last he were ded more to;</p> +<p class="line">"For yf že Gyant fynde že,</p> + +<p class="line">W<i>y</i>t<i>h</i>oute dowte he wyll<i>e</i> že scle." +<span class="linenumber">376</span></p> +<p class="line">Bedwer wyž all<i>e</i> hastynge</p> +<p class="line">Tolde Artho<i>ur</i> all<i>e</i> žis žynge.</p> +<p class="line">Amorwe whan žat hyt was day</p> + +<p class="line">Arthour toke žyder hys way, +<span class="linenumber">380</span> +<span class="marginnote">and then (with Bedwere and Key) starts on his adventure.</span></p> +<p class="line">Bedewer wyž hym went, & keye,—</p> +<p class="line">Men žat cowže well<i>e</i> že weye,— +<span class="marginnote">[Fol. 45.]</span></p> +<p class="line">And broute Artho<i>ur</i> Meyntenau<i>n</i>t,</p> + +<p class="line">Euen byfore že Gyant. +<span class="linenumber">384</span></p> +<p class="line">Arthour fowȝt wyž žat wyght;</p> +<p class="line">He had almost ylost hys Myght:</p> +<p class="line">Wyž Muche peyne, žruȝ goddez grace</p> + +<p class="line">He sclowh že Geant in žat place, +<span class="linenumber">388</span> +<span class="marginnote">He kills the Giant,</span></p> +<p class="line">And žan he made Bedewere</p> +<p class="line">To smyte of hys heed žere.</p> +<p class="line">To že Ost he dude hyt brynge,</p> + +<p class="line">And ž<i>er</i>on was gret wou<i>n</i>drynge, +<span class="linenumber">392</span></p> +<p class="line">Hyt was so oryble & so greet, +<span class="marginnote">whose horrible head is shown to the host,</span></p> +<p class="line">More žan any Horse heed.</p> +<p class="line">Than hadde hoel Ioye ynowh</p> + +<p class="line">For žat Arthour so hym sclowh; +<span class="linenumber">396</span></p> +<p class="line">And for a p<i>er</i>petuel Memorie</p> +<p class="line">He Made a chapell<i>e</i> of seynt Marye +<span class="marginnote">and St. Mary's Chapel is built in honour of the victory.</span></p> +<p class="line">In že hulle vpon že pleyne,</p> + +<p class="line">Wyž-Inne žat (:) že t<i>um</i>be<a id= "note_5_return"></a><a href="#note_5"><span class="footnoteref">5</span></a> of Eleyne; +<span class="linenumber">400</span> +<span class="marginnote">tombe</span></p> +<p class="line">And žat name wyžoute nay</p> +<p class="line">Hyt berež ȝut in-to žis day.</p> +<p class="line">Now ys an ende of žis žynge,</p> + +<p class="line">And Artour haž nyw tydynge,— +<span class="linenumber">404</span> +<span class="marginnote">News of Lucius's approach is brought,</span></p> +<p class="line">Lucy že Emp<i>er</i>our wyž hys host</p> +<p class="line">Comež fast in gret bost;</p> +<p class="line">Žey helyž ouer all<i>e</i> že lond,</p> + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 13 - Arthur's Men Pray to God.]</span> + +<p class="line">Fowre hundred žowsand +<span class="linenumber">408</span> +<span class="marginnote">with an army of 400,124 men.</span></p> +<p class="line">An hunderd and foure & twenty,—</p> +<p class="line">Thus herawdes dude ham rekeny;</p> +<p class="line">Thus he hadde gadered to hym</p> + +<p class="line">Of cristien and of Sarasyn, +<span class="linenumber">412</span></p> +<p class="line">Wyž all<i>e</i> hys wytt & labour</p> +<p class="line">To destroyen Arthour.</p> +<p class="line">Arthour dude wyselye,</p> + +<p class="line">And hadde euer gode aspye +<span class="linenumber">416</span></p> +<p class="line">Of lucyes gouernynge</p> +<p class="line">And of hys žyder comynge;</p> +<p class="line">But so<i>m</i>me seyde hyt wer<i>e</i> folye +<span class="marginnote">Some advise Arthur to turn and flee,</span></p> + +<p class="line">To fyght aȝenst Emp<i>er</i>o<i>ur</i> lucie, +<span class="linenumber">420</span></p> +<p class="line">For he hadde sepe<a id="note_6_return"></a><a href="#note_6"><span class="footnoteref">6</span></a> aȝenst oon,</p> +<p class="line">& cou<i>n</i>ceyled Artho<i>ur</i> to fle & goon.</p> +<p class="line">Wyž že Emp<i>er</i>o<i>ur</i> come kynges Many oon,</p> + +<p class="line">And all<i>e</i> žeire power hooll<i>e</i> & soom; +<span class="linenumber">424</span></p> +<p class="line">Stronger men Myȝt no man see,</p> +<p class="line">As full<i>e</i> of drede as žey myght be;</p> +<p class="line">But Arthour was not dysmayd,</p> + +<p class="line">He tryst on god, & was wel payd, +<span class="linenumber">428</span> +<span class="marginnote">but he trusts in God,</span></p> +<p class="line">And prayd že hye trynyte</p> +<p class="line">Euer hys help forto be;</p> +<p class="line">And all<i>e</i> hys Men wyž oo voyse</p> + +<p class="line">Cryde to god wyž Oo noyse, +<span class="linenumber">432</span></p> +<p class="line">"Fader in heuene, žy wyll<i>e</i> be doon; +<span class="marginnote">to whom his soldiers pray</span></p> +<p class="line">Defende žy puple fram žeire foon,</p> +<p class="line">And lat not že hežon<i>e</i> Men</p> + +<p class="line">Destroye že puple crystien: +<span class="linenumber">436</span></p> +<p class="line">Haue Mercy on žy se[r]uantis bonde,</p> +<p class="line">And kepe ham fram že hežon<i>e</i> honde; +<span class="marginnote">to keep them from the heathen's hands.</span></p> +<p class="line">Že Muchelnesse of Men sainfayle</p> + +<p class="line">Ys nat victorie in Batayle; +<span class="linenumber">440</span></p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 14 - The Battle Between Arthur and Lucius.]</span> + +<p class="line">But after že wyll<i>e</i> ž<i>a</i>t in heuene ys,</p> +<p class="line">So že victorie fallež y-wys."</p> +<p class="line">Than seyd Arthour, "hyt ys so: +<span class="marginnote">Arthur's "Forward!"</span></p> + +<p class="line">Auau<i>n</i>t Baner, & be Goo." +<span class="linenumber">444</span></p> +<p class="line">Now frendes all<i>e</i>, for goddes loue,</p> +<p class="line">Rerež ȝowre hertes to god aboue,</p> +<p class="line">And seyež ȝowre prayeris faste,</p> + +<p class="line">Ž<i>a</i>t we well<i>e</i> spede furst & laste. +<span class="linenumber">448</span></p> +</div> + +<p style="font-weight: bold">Pater noster.</p> + +<div class="linegroup"> +<p class="line">The emp<i>er</i>our tryst on hys men,</p> +<p class="line">And ž<i>a</i>t h<i>a</i>ž bygyled hym;</p> +<p class="line">Forsothe hyt most nedez be so,</p> + +<p class="line">For žey bež cursed žat well<i>e</i> hyt do, +<span class="linenumber">452</span></p> +<p class="line">Such<i>e</i> all<i>e</i> myght comež of god; +<span class="marginnote"><i>Maledict</i>us <i>q</i>ui con<i>fid</i>e<i>t in ho</i>m<i>i</i>n<i>e</i>.</span></p> +<p class="line">To tryst on hym, y hold hyt good.</p> +<p class="line">Lucye haž pyght his pauelou<i>n</i></p> + +<p class="line">And sprad wyž pryde his gu<i>n</i>fanou<i>n</i>; +<span class="linenumber">456</span></p> +<p class="line">His claryou<i>n</i>s blastes full<i>e</i> grete blywe,</p> +<p class="line">Archeris schot(:) Men ouer-thrywe;</p> +<p class="line">Bowes, arwes, & arblastere +<span class="marginnote">The battle begins.</span></p> + +<p class="line">Schot sore alle y-vere; +<span class="linenumber">460</span></p> +<p class="line">Quarels, arwes, žey fly smerte;</p> +<p class="line">Že fyched Men žruȝ heed & herte;</p> +<p class="line">Axes, sperys, and gysarmes gret,</p> + +<p class="line">Clefte Many a prowt Ma<i>n</i>nes heed: +<span class="linenumber">464</span></p> +<p class="line">Hors & steedes gan to grent,</p> +<p class="line">And deyde wyž strok<i>is</i> ž<i>a</i>t žey hente;</p> +<p class="line">Many a man ž<i>er</i>e lost hys lyf, +<span class="marginnote">[Fol. 45<i>b</i>.]</span></p> + +<p class="line">Many on was wedyw ž<i>a</i>t was wyff; +<span class="linenumber">468</span></p> +<p class="line">Žere men were wetschoede +<span class="marginnote">Men are wetshod with brains and blood.</span></p> +<p class="line">All<i>e</i> of Brayn & of blode;</p> +<p class="line">Gret rywth<i>e</i> hyt was to seyn</p> + +<p class="line">Že feltes full<i>e</i> of men y-scleyn; +<span class="linenumber">472</span></p> +<p class="line">Lucy že Emp<i>er</i>our also was dede; +<span class="marginnote">Lucius is slain,</span></p> +<p class="line">But ho hym sclowh, y can nat rede;</p> +<p class="line">He, for all<i>e</i> hys grete Renou<i>n</i>,</p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 15 - Arthur Wins, and Buries the Dead.]</span> + +<p class="line">Aȝenst Arthour hadde no fusou<i>n</i>, +<span class="linenumber">476</span> +<span class="marginnote">not able to stand against Arthur.</span></p> +<p class="line">No more žan haue twenty schep</p> +<p class="line">Aȝenst vyve wolfez greet.</p> +<p class="line">To god be euere alle hono<i>ur</i>ez!</p> + +<p class="line">The falde was hys & Arthourez. +<span class="linenumber">480</span></p> +<p class="line">Arthour, as he scholde done, +<span class="marginnote">Arthur sends Lucius's body to Rome,</span></p> +<p class="line">Sende lucyes body to Rome;</p> +<p class="line">Whan že Romeynes say žis,</p> + +<p class="line">Žo žey dradde Artho<i>ur</i> & hys. +<span class="linenumber">484</span></p> +<p class="line">Also he buryed Bedewere +<span class="marginnote">buries Bedwere and others</span></p> +<p class="line">Hys frend and | hys Botyler,</p> +<p class="line">And so he dude other Echon</p> + +<p class="line">In Abbeys of Relygyou<i>n</i> +<span class="linenumber">488</span> +<span class="marginnote">in Abbeys,</span></p> +<p class="line">Žat were cristien of name;</p> +<p class="line">He dude to alle že same;</p> +<p class="line">And dude for ham Masse synge</p> + +<p class="line">w<i>y</i>t<i>h</i> sole<i>m</i>pne song & offrynge, +<span class="linenumber">492</span></p> +<p class="line">And bood žere for to rest,</p> +<p class="line">Tyll<i>e</i> žat wynter was past, +<span class="marginnote">and stays the winter,</span></p> +<p class="line">Bože he (.) hys Men echone</p> + +<p class="line">Seruyd god in deuocione, +<span class="linenumber">496</span></p> +<p class="line">Žankyng god of hys Myȝt +<span class="marginnote">thanking God</span></p> +<p class="line">Žat kepež hys seruau<i>n</i>tez ryȝt,</p> +<p class="line">And suffrež noon for to spylle</p> + +<p class="line">Ž<i>a</i>t hym louež & tryste wylle: +<span class="linenumber">500</span></p> +<p class="line">Žus worschup god dude certeyn +<span class="marginnote">for His honour to England.</span></p> +<p class="line">To Englond, žat žo was Bretayn; +<span class="marginnote">[Of the difference between More (or Great) Britain and Little Britain.]</span></p> +<p class="line">Že More Breteyn Englond ys—</p> + +<p class="line">As men may rede on Cronyclys— +<span class="linenumber">504</span></p> +<p class="line">Byȝend že See Bretayne ž<i>er</i> ys,</p> +<p class="line">Žat haž hys name forsože of žis,</p> +<p class="line">For že kyng Maxymyan,—</p> + +<p class="line">Že next after Octauyan,— +<span class="linenumber">508</span></p> +<p class="line">He conquered all<i>e</i> Armoryk,</p> +<p class="line">And to že Reme named hyt lyk:</p> +<p class="line">Amorica on latyn me cl[e]ped ž<i>a</i>t lond, +<span class="marginnote"><i>Armorica</i>.</span></p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 16 - Of the Welsh and Stinking Saxons.]</span> + +<p class="line">Tyl Maxymyan co[<i>n</i>]queryd hyt w<i>y</i>t<i>h</i> honde, +<span class="linenumber">512</span></p> +<p class="line">And called hyt lyte bretayne žan,</p> +<p class="line">So hyȝt žis lond žat he coom fram;</p> +<p class="line">For p<i>er</i>petuell<i>e</i> Mynde of grete Bretayne +<span class="marginnote">Little Britain is called after Great Britain.</span></p> + +<p class="line">He called hyt lyte Bretayne, +<span class="linenumber">516</span></p> +<p class="line">Žat Men schulde kepe in Mynde & wytt</p> +<p class="line">How žis lond conqueryd hytt;</p> +<p class="line">For Walsch<i>e</i> Men bež Bretou<i>n</i>s of kynde—</p> + +<p class="line">Know žat well<i>e</i> fast on Mynde— +<span class="linenumber">520</span></p> +<p class="line">Englisch<i>e</i> men bež Saxoynes,</p> +<p class="line">Žat bež of Engistes Soones;</p> +<p class="line">There-fore že walsch man Bretou<i>n</i></p> + +<p class="line">Seyž & clepež vs "Sayson"<a id="note_7_return"></a><a href="#note_7"><span class="footnoteref">7</span></a> +<span class="linenumber">524</span></p> +<p class="line">And seyž (.) "taw or (.) peyd Sayson brou<i>n</i>t"<a id="note_8_return"></a><a href="#note_8"><span class="footnoteref">8</span></a> +<span class="marginnote">How the Welshmen call the English "stinking Saxons."</span></p> +<p class="line">Whan he ys wroth (;) or ellys drou<i>n</i>ke;</p> +<p class="line">Hauyng Mynde of Engystis Men</p> + +<p class="line">Žat w<i>y</i>t<i>h</i> gyle sclow žeyre kyn: +<span class="linenumber">528</span></p> +<p class="line">At že place of že Stonehenge</p> +<p class="line">Ȝut žey ženkež for to venge:</p> +<p class="line">And žat hyt neuere be so,</p> + +<p class="line">Seyž a Pater noster more to. +<span class="linenumber">532</span></p> +</div> + +<p style="font-weight: bold">Pater noster.</p> + +<div class="linegroup"> +<p class="line">Now turne we to oure labo<i>ur</i> +<span class="marginnote">Arthur is preparing to cross the mountains to Rome,</span></p> +<p class="line">And lat vs speke of Arthour:</p> +<p class="line">He cast on herte sone</p> + +<p class="line">After žat to go to Rome, +<span class="linenumber">536</span></p> +<p class="line">And spak of Passage & hys wey</p> +<p class="line">Forth ouer Mou<i>n</i>t Ioye.</p> +<p class="line">And sone after vpon an owr +<span class="marginnote">when he hears of Mordred's treachery;</span></p> + +<p class="line">He horde of Mordred the treto<i>ur</i> +<span class="linenumber">540</span></p> +<p class="line">That hadde all<i>e</i> žis loud on warde—</p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 17 - Of Mordred's Treachery and Arthur's Return.]</span> + +<p class="line">Euyll<i>e</i> moot such<i>e</i> fare, and harde.</p> +<p class="line">Who may best bygyle a man</p> + +<p class="line">But such<i>e</i> as he tryst vpon? +<span class="linenumber">544</span></p> +<p class="line">Žer ys no man wel nye, y tryste,</p> +<p class="line">Žat can be waar of hadde wyste.—</p> +<p class="line">Mordred žis falss Man</p> + +<p class="line">Much<i>e</i> sorw žo bygan; +<span class="linenumber">548</span></p> +<p class="line">He stuffed alle castelle</p> +<p class="line">Wyž armyre & vytelle,</p> +<p class="line">And strenghthed hym on eche syde</p> + +<p class="line">W<i>y</i>t<i>h</i> Men of cou<i>n</i>treys ferre & wyde: +<span class="linenumber">552</span></p> +<p class="line">He toke že qwene, Arthoureȝ wyff, +<span class="marginnote">how the traitor had seized the queen, his (Arthur's) wife,</span></p> +<p class="line">Aȝenst goddes lawe & gode lyff,</p> +<p class="line">And putte heore to soiourne žo</p> + +<p class="line">At Euerwyk: god ȝyf hym wo. +<span class="linenumber">556</span> +<span class="marginnote">and put her at York.</span></p> +<p class="line">Yhork ys Euerwyk:</p> +<p class="line">& so me callež hyt.</p> +<p class="line">Artho<i>ur</i> aryved at Whytsond +<span class="marginnote">Arthur then comes home,</span></p> + +<p class="line">W<i>y</i>t<i>h</i> gret Myght & strong hond, +<span class="linenumber">560</span></p> +<p class="line">And Mordred sainz fayl +<span class="marginnote">fights Mordred,</span></p> +<p class="line">Ȝaf hym žo a strong batayl;</p> +<p class="line">Many a man, as y rede,</p> + +<p class="line">Žat day was žere dede; +<span class="linenumber">564</span></p> +<p class="line">Arthoures nevew Waweyn</p> +<p class="line">Žat day was žere y-sclayn, +<span class="marginnote">and Gawain is slain.</span></p> +<p class="line">And ožer knyȝtes Many moo:</p> + +<p class="line">Žan Arthour was heuy & woo. +<span class="linenumber">568</span></p> +<p class="line">Mordred fly toward Londou<i>n</i>; +<span class="marginnote">Mordred flies to London,</span></p> +<p class="line">He most not come in že tou<i>n</i>:</p> +<p class="line">Žan fled he to wy<i>n</i>chester</p> + +<p class="line">And w<i>y</i>t<i>h</i> hys Mayn<i>e</i>e kep [?] hym žer<i>e</i>; +<span class="linenumber">572</span></p> +<p class="line">And Arthour on gret haste</p> +<p class="line">Pursywed after hym faste.</p> +<p class="line">Mordred w<i>y</i>t<i>h</i>oute fayle</p> + +<p class="line">Fled in-to Cornewayle. +<span class="linenumber">576</span> +<span class="marginnote">and then to Cornwall.</span></p> +<p class="line">The qwene wyžoute lesyng</p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 18 - Arthur's Last Battle with Mordred.]</span> + +<p class="line">Hurde of žis tydyng,</p> +<p class="line">And how Mordred was flow,</p> + +<p class="line">And how to Cornewale he hym drow. +<span class="linenumber">580</span></p> +<p class="line">Heo of Mercy hadde noon hoope,</p> +<p class="line">Ther-for he dude on a Russet cote, +<span class="marginnote">The Queen turns nun at Carlyon.</span></p> +<p class="line">And to Carlyou<i>n</i> ys preuyly Rou<i>n</i>ne,</p> + +<p class="line">And made heore self žo a Nou<i>n</i>ne; +<span class="linenumber">584</span></p> +<p class="line">Fro žat place neuer heo wende,</p> +<p class="line">But of heore lyf žere made an ende.</p> +<p class="line">Waweynes body, as y reede, +<span class="marginnote">Gawain</span></p> + +<p class="line">And other lordes žat weere deede, +<span class="linenumber">588</span></p> +<p class="line">Arthour sente in-to skotlonde, +<span class="marginnote">is buried in Scotland.</span></p> +<p class="line">And buryed ham ž<i>er</i>e, y vnd<i>er</i>stonde.</p> +<p class="line">Muche folke ž<i>er</i>henne he toke žo,</p> + +<p class="line">Of Northu<i>m</i>ber-lond also +<span class="linenumber">592</span> +<span class="marginnote">Northern men and others come to Arthur.</span></p> +<p class="line">Fram dyverse places to Artho<i>ur</i> come</p> +<p class="line">Hys wyll<i>e</i> to werk & to done:</p> +<p class="line">Thus he sembled a full<i>e</i> gret Ost;</p> + +<p class="line">To Cornewayle he drawež hym fast +<span class="linenumber">596</span></p> +<p class="line">After žat Mordred že trayto<i>ur</i></p> +<p class="line">Žat hadde do hym Much<i>e</i> dyshono<i>ur</i>.</p> +<p class="line">That treto<i>ur</i> hadde gret strength</p> + +<p class="line">And fulled ž<i>a</i>t lond on brede & length<i>e</i>, +<span class="linenumber">600</span></p> +<p class="line">Such<i>e</i> a batell<i>e</i> as žere was redy žo +<span class="marginnote">He gives Mordred battle.</span></p> +<p class="line">Hadde neuer Arthour byfore y-doo:</p> +<p class="line">They fowȝt tyl žer come dou<i>n</i> bloode</p> + +<p class="line">As a(.) Ryver or (.)a(.) flood; +<span class="linenumber">604</span></p> +<p class="line">Žey fowȝt euer sorest sadde; +<span class="marginnote"><i>Bellu</i>m <i>arthuri ap</i>u<i>d Camelerton</i>um <i>in Cornubia.</i></span></p> +<p class="line">Men nyst ho že betere hadde;</p> +<p class="line">But at že last Certeyn</p> + +<p class="line">Was Mordred & alle hys y-sclayn; +<span class="linenumber">608</span> +<span class="marginnote">Mordred is slain:</span></p> +<p class="line">And Artho<i>ur</i> y-bete wyž wou<i>n</i>de, +<span class="marginnote">Arthur wounded,</span></p> +<p class="line">He Myght not stonde on grou<i>n</i>de;</p> +<p class="line">But on lyter ryȝt anon +<span class="marginnote">and carried to Avelon, or <i>Auelona</i> .l. <i>insula pomor</i>um <i>Glastonia</i>.</span></p> + +<p class="line">Was browȝt to Auelon<i>e</i>, +<span class="linenumber">612</span></p> +<p class="line">Ž<i>a</i>t was a place fayr & Mury;</p> + + +<span class="sidenote_right">[pg 19 - Arthur Is Buried at Glastonbury.]</span> + +<p class="line">Now hyt hootež Glastyngbury. +<span class="marginnote">Glastonbury, where he dies,</span></p> +<p class="line">Ther Artho<i>ur</i> žat worthy kyng</p> + +<p class="line">Maked hys lyues endyng; +<span class="linenumber">616</span></p> +<p class="line">But for he skaped ž<i>a</i>t batell<i>e</i> y-wys,</p> +<p class="line">Bretou<i>n</i>s & Cornysch sayež žus,</p> +<p class="line">"Žat he leuyth ȝut p<i>ar</i>de,</p> + +<p class="line">And schall<i>e</i> come & be a kyng aȝe." +<span class="linenumber">620</span></p> +<p class="line">At Glastyngbury on že qweer</p> +<p class="line">Žey made Arto<i>ur</i>ez tou<i>m</i>be žere, +<span class="marginnote">and is buried A.D. 542.</span></p> +<p class="line">And wrote wyth latyn vers žus,</p> + +<p class="line">Hic iacet Arthurus rex quonda<i>m</i> rex que futur<i>us</i>. +<span class="linenumber">624</span></p> +<p class="line">Thys was žus forsože ydone</p> +<p class="line">Že yheer after že Incarnacione, +<span class="marginnote"><i>Anno d</i>o<i>m</i>ini <i>qu</i>in<i>gente</i>simo <i>quadragesi</i>m<i>o s</i>e<i>c</i>un<i>do.</i></span></p> +<p class="line">Vyf hundred (.) fourty & two.</p> + +<p class="line">Now saue vs alle fra woo +<span class="linenumber">628</span></p> +<p class="line">Ih<i>es</i>u cryst, heuenly kyng,</p> +<p class="line">& grau<i>n</i>t vs alle hys blessyng;</p> +<p class="line">And žat hyt Moote so be,</p> + +<p class="line">Seyež alle Pater & Aue. +<span class="linenumber">632</span></p> +</div> + +<p style="font-weight: bold">Pater noster. Aue.</p> + +<div class="linegroup"> +<p class="line">Ho ž<i>a</i>t woll<i>e</i> more loke,</p> +<p class="line">Reed on že frensch boke, +<span class="marginnote">Read the French Book for the rest.</span></p> +<p class="line">And he schall<i>e</i> fynde žere</p> + +<p class="line">Žynges žat y leete here. +<span class="linenumber">636</span></p> +<p class="line">But yf žat god wolle grau<i>n</i>te gr<i>a</i>ce,</p> +<p class="line">y schall<i>e</i> rehercy in žis place</p> +<p class="line">Alle že kyngez žat after were,</p> + +<p class="line">And what names [ž]at žey bere; +<span class="linenumber">640</span></p> +<p class="line">And ho ž<i>a</i>t woll<i>e</i> žeyre gestes loke,</p> +<p class="line">Reed on že Frensch<i>e</i> boke. Amen fiat.</p> +<p class="line"></p> +</div> + +</div> + +<hr class="doublepage"> + +<!--div--> + +<h2><a name="toc_4">Words</a></h2> + + +<p>a, he, l. 370.</p> + +<p>aspye, <i>sb.</i> espial, l. 416.</p> + +<p>ayhe, again, l. 126.</p> + +<p>beeme, <i>sb.</i> ? noise, display, from A.S. <i>béme</i>, a trumpet, l. 108.</p> + +<p>falde, l. 480, felt, l. 472; field.</p> + +<p>fusoun, gain, victory, l. 476. L. <i>fusio</i>, outpouring, plenty.</p> + +<p>fyched, pierced, l. 462.</p> + +<p>goom, man, l. 166.</p> + +<p>gysarme, l. 463. <i>Hallebarde, pique, hache</i>. Roquefort.</p> + +<p>hadde wyste, l. 546, had I known (how it would have turned out). See Nares, and the Poem "Beware of had-I-wyst," that he quotes. "Beware of <i>had-I-wyst</i>, whose fine bringes care and smart."</p> + +<p>hawted, exalted, l. 113.</p> + +<p>he, she, l. 582.</p> + +<p>helyth, cover, l. 407.</p> + +<p>last, lest, l. 289.</p> + +<p>loghynge, lodging, l. 344.</p> + +<p>lynage, descendant, l. 269.</p> + +<p>muchelnesse, <i>sb.</i> muchness, number and power, l. 439.</p> + +<p>mynde, remembrance, l. 527.</p> + +<p>oo, one, l. 49.</p> + +<p>sayle, assail, attack, l. 12.</p> + +<p>scley, slain, l. 212.</p> + +<p>skyle, <i>sb.</i> reason, l. 17.</p> + +<p>soueȝ (?), sough, moan, l. 88.</p> + +<p>that, ye who, l. 1; those who, l. 42, 84.</p> + +<p>theoband (l. 178), is, I expect, miswritten for theo<i>d</i>and; A.S. <i>žeodan</i>, to join; <i>ge-žeod-an</i>, to join, associate.</p> + +<p>therhenne, thence, l. 591.</p> + +<p>toke, gave, l. 329.</p> + +<p>venge, have revenge, take vengeance, l. 530.</p> + +<p>verrament, truly, l. 32.</p> + +<p>was, whose, l. 248.</p> + +<p>wood, wild, mad, l. 211.</p> + +<p>ydoon, done, spent, l. 72.</p> + +<p>ylete, let, l. 194.</p> + +<p>ytake, taken to, given to, l. 272.</p> + +<p>y-vere, together, l. 460.</p> + +<p>ywyss, certainly, l. 46.</p> +<!--/div--> + +<!--/div--> + +<!--div class="back"--> + +<hr class="doublepage"> + +<div class="div" id="footnotes"> + + +<h2><a name="toc_5">Notes</a></h2> + +<dl class="footnote"> +<dt><a name="note_1">1.</a></dt><dd>? soneȝ <a href="#note_1_return">(return)</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="note_2">2.</a></dt><dd>? MS. perhaps <i>Angecye</i>. <a href="#note_2_return">(return)</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="note_3">3.</a></dt><dd>The <i>s</i> is rubbed: the word may be "onlesbury." <a href="#note_3_return">(return)</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="note_4">4.</a></dt><dd>? MS. y-tan. <a href="#note_4_return">(return)</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="note_5">5.</a></dt><dd>to<i>m</i>be <a href="#note_5_return">(return)</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="note_6">6.</a></dt><dd><i>sepe</i>, ? for <i>seue</i>, seven. It is <i>p</i> not <i>x</i> (six) in the MS. But as Arthur had 200,000, and Lucius only 400,124, <i>sepe</i> should mean <i>two</i>. <a href="#note_6_return">(return)</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="note_7">7.</a></dt><dd>Žat ys to seye vpon a reess,<br> +"Stynking Saxou<i>n</i>, be on pees." <a href="#note_7_return">(return)</a></dd> + +<dt><a name="note_8">8.</a></dt><dd>Pughe's abridged Dictionary gives <i>tau</i>, <i>v.a.</i> be still; <i>taw</i>, <i>s.m.</i> +and <i>adj.</i> quiet, silence, silent; <i>paid</i>, <i>s.m.</i> a +cessation, quiet; <i>bront</i>, <i>a.</i> nasty, filthy, surly. <i>Or</i>, says Dr. Benj. Davies, you must take as +equal to the modern Welsh <i>wr</i>, man, if it is not English; <i>peyd</i> is +cease, pause; <i>taw</i>, be silent. <a href="#note_8_return">(return)</a></dd></dl> +</div> + +<!--/div--> + +<!--/div--> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Arthur, Copied And Edited From The Marquis of Bath's MS + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ARTHUR *** + +***** This file should be named 16845-h.htm or 16845-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/8/4/16845/ + +Produced by David Starner, Joshua Hutchinson and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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