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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World And What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, November 4, 1897, No. 52 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: July 2, 2005 [EBook #16175] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<p><a name="Page_1543" id="Page_1543"></a></p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.png" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p> + +<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1 <span class='smcap'>November</span> 4, 1897. <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 52</b></div> + +<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1897, by <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> Publishing Company.</b></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p>The situation in Cuba remains much the same.</p> + +<p>The noteworthy event of the past week has +been a sad and unfortunate shipwreck which occurred +on October 16th.</p> + +<p>On that day a Spanish steamer was wrecked off the +coast of Pinar del Rio, while making the trip from +Havana to Bahia Honda.</p> + +<p>The <i>Triton</i>, as the steamer was called, was carrying +soldiers' ammunition, money, and mules to be used +against the Cubans in Pinar del Rio.</p> + +<p>According to all accounts the steamer was so heavily +laden that when she started her decks were only +a few feet above the level of the water.</p> + +<p>It was a very black and stormy night, and many +sailors on the dock expressed fears that the vessel +could not weather a storm in her heavily laden condition.</p> + +<p>The trip she had to make was merely a matter of +four hours, and the captain declared himself confident +of bringing his vessel safely to port.</p> + +<p>All went well till the <i>Triton</i> was within a few miles +of her destination; when off the coast of Pinar del<a name="Page_1544" id="Page_1544"></a> +Rio she ran aground.</p> + +<p>Those on board who were saved from the wreck +said that the vessel was so heavily loaded that she +was not able to take her usual course, and, because so +much deeper in the water, ran aground on a bank that +in her ordinary trips she could pass over without +difficulty.</p> + +<p>As long as the vessel had been cutting her way +through the water, the heavy lading had caused little +inconvenience, but when she grounded the waves began +to wash over her decks, and cause much alarm to +the passengers.</p> + +<p>While the vessel was in great danger, she might +still have been saved if it had not been for the mules. +These beasts, becoming panic-stricken as the waves +swept over the deck, stampeded to one side of the +vessel, causing it to list over so much that the cargo +shifted.</p> + +<p>This is one of the most terrible accidents that can +happen to a vessel.</p> + +<p>The loading of a cargo is a very important thing, +and is a business of itself. The men who direct it +must understand just how to distribute the weight +evenly in the hold, and how to pack the boxes and +bales and barrels so tightly together that they cannot +move, because if a cargo should shift it is liable to +throw the ship out of her balance, and she is in danger +of overturning and sinking.</p> + +<p>This is what happened to the <i>Triton</i>. The mules +and the shifted cargo together made such a heavy +weight on one side that she keeled over, and within +fifteen minutes of the time she first struck the bank +she sank, carrying down with her one hundred and<a name="Page_1545" id="Page_1545"></a> +fifty of the passengers and crew.</p> + +<p>The accident happened in the early dawn, when +many of the people were asleep in their berths, and +though the captain had them roused, and lowered the +boats to try and take them off the sinking ship, the +seas ran so high that the small boats were swamped, +and it was impossible to save the unfortunate passengers.</p> + +<p>The ship went down in one hundred and twenty +fathoms of water, so it is not likely that her valuable +cargo of arms and money will ever be recovered. The +loss is a serious one to Spain at this moment, when +she needs every penny she has to help her out of her +many difficulties.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>There are disquieting rumors that the Carlists +are smuggling large quantities of arms into +Spain from France, and it is thought that the long-deferred +rising will occur very shortly.</p> + +<p>Eleven thousand rifles are said to have been purchased +in Belgium by the Carlist agents during the +month of September.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>There is a vague rumor that the Queen Regent +and her new Prime Minister have arrived +at the conclusion that the only possible end to the +Cuban war will be to let the Cubans purchase the +island.</p> + +<p>There are a good many complications in the way of +this action at present, because the European finan<a name="Page_1546" id="Page_1546"></a>ciers, +about whom we have spoken to you before, have +advanced a great deal of money to Spain, the sugar +and tobacco being taken as security for the return +of their money. These people must first be reckoned +with before any agreement to free Cuba can +be made, but it is hinted by people close to the +Government that the Queen and Señor Sagasta are +considering a plan whereby they can allow Cuba +to purchase her freedom without making bad +friends with the financiers, or offending the pride of +Spain.</p> + +<p>It would seem that Señor Sagasta's policy is to +put an end to foreign wars, and gather the strength +of the Spanish army around the throne of Spain, +so that it shall be well protected against the Carlist +attack that will undoubtedly be made ere long.</p> + +<p>A report has been received that the Spanish general +in the Philippine Islands is treating with the insurgents +for peace.</p> + +<p>This report is published in one of the reliable +Spanish papers, and it states that General Primo de +Rivera has been discussing terms of peace with Emilio +Aguinaldo, the insurgent leader.</p> + +<p>The rebels have been so successful that they are +not willing to make peace unless they get very good +terms, and so they ask that all who have taken part +in the revolt shall be given a free pardon, that three +million pesetas (a peseta is worth about twenty cents) +shall be paid to the insurgent chiefs, that the Philippine +Islands shall be represented in the Spanish +Cortes, and that half the government offices in the +islands shall be held by natives. The insurgents also +demand that the power of the priests shall be les<a name="Page_1547" id="Page_1547"></a>sened, +as the rebellion was really caused by the disagreements +between the friars and the people.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>An amusing filibustering incident has occurred during +the week.</p> + +<p>The Spaniards obtained information that the Cubans +were fitting out a large expedition with arms +and men for the insurgents. They had engaged a +ship called the <i>Premier</i> for this purpose, and were +making their preparations with all possible haste and +secrecy.</p> + +<p>The Spaniards gave information to our Government, +and requested that the expedition be stopped.</p> + +<p>But the Cubans have as many spies around as the +Spaniards, and it was soon learned that the <i>Premier</i> +expedition was known to the authorities. Without +appearing to change their plans about the <i>Premier</i>, +the Cubans made a secret arrangement with another +ship called the <i>Silver Heels</i>, and prepared her to take +their cargo instead of the <i>Premier</i>.</p> + +<p>The watchful Spaniards soon found out about the +new vessel, and even learned the hour and dock at +which she was to receive her cargo.</p> + +<p>Our Government was warned, and a revenue cutter +got ready to intercept the <i>Silver Heels</i> as soon as she +should really have started on her voyage.</p> + +<p>The Cubans were attempting to load and despatch +their vessel from the port of New York, and so it was +expected that, with all the police boats and cutters +available here, it would be an easy matter to catch +and convict all concerned in the expedition.</p> + +<p>A detective was sent to watch the dock at which +<a name="Page_1548" id="Page_1548"></a>the <i>Silver Heels</i> was to be loaded. Sure enough, the +vessel slipped up to the pier as soon as night had +fallen, and the detective watched suspicious-looking +cases being hastily put on board, and suspicious-looking +characters taking passage in her. He became +convinced that a filibustering expedition was indeed +being sent out. To make quite sure, he watched +until the last of her load was put on board. The last +man had reached the deck, and the vessel, in tow of +a river tug, had once more pulled out of the dock.</p> + +<p>He then hurried down to the Battery and told what +he had seen, and with several other officers got on +board the cutter and started to intercept the <i>Silver +Heels</i> as she came down the Bay on her way to sea.</p> + +<p>To you who do not know New York Harbor, it may +be as well to explain that New York, or Manhattan, +Island lies between the Hudson River and the Sound, +an arm of the sea which is called the East River as +it flows by New York.</p> + +<p>This East River which, as it widens, becomes Long +Island Sound, separates Manhattan Island from Long +Island, which, as its name suggests, is a long strip of +land stretching along the coast for miles above and +below New York city, forming the beautiful New +York Bay and Harbor below the city, and the equally +lovely Long Island Sound above the city.</p> + +<p>The Atlantic Ocean washes the outer shore of Long +Island, and ships leaving the port of New York can +reach the sea either by going above the city through +Hell Gate and Long Island Sound, or below the city +down the Harbor and Bay, and out through the Narrows, +past Sandy Hook and Fire Island.</p> + +<p>The route to Cuba is <i>down</i> the Bay. To attempt to +<a name="Page_1549" id="Page_1549"></a>make the journey by the Sound route is to go a good +day's journey out of the way, so it never entered the +heads of the officers on the cutter that the <i>Silver Heels</i> +would start for Cuba by any such out-of-the-way +route.</p> + +<p>Putting off from the Battery, which is the extreme +lower point of New York city, they steamed up and +down the Bay, looking out for their prize.</p> + +<p>The <i>Silver Heels</i> did not put in an appearance, +however, and after waiting about three hours, the +officers decided to go up the East River, and intercept +the vessel while she was still in the river.</p> + +<p>The night was dark, and the river full of shipping, +but every craft that approached was carefully inspected, +and still no <i>Silver Heels</i> was discovered.</p> + +<p>After several tedious hours of waiting had been +passed, the officers decided to steam up to the wharf +and find out what had happened to the ship.</p> + +<p>On reaching the pier it was learned, to the consternation +of the marshals, that the <i>Silver Heels</i> had +cleared nearly four hours before, and had been towed +up the Sound, instead of down the Bay.</p> + +<p>With such a start as that it was felt to be useless +to attempt to overtake her, and the marshals left the +cutter, and returned to their homes, wiser but sadder +men.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The young Cuban, Miss Evangelina Cisneros, +about whom we told you last week, has lost no +time in putting herself under the protection of our +flag.</p> + +<p>The very morning of her arrival she went down to +the County Court-House in City Hall Park, and there +<a name="Page_1550" id="Page_1550"></a>declared her intention of becoming an American +citizen.</p> + +<p>It is a very unusual thing for foreign-born women +to become naturalized Americans. They rarely do +so unless they wish to hold property in this country, +for, having no vote or voice in the conduct of the Government, +it is not so necessary for them to become +citizens of their adopted country. When a woman +marries she assumes the nationality of her husband, +and can hold any property by right of her marriage, +and the fact that all foreign women who marry Americans +become Americans by their marriage is another +reason why it is rarely necessary for women to +take out their naturalization papers.</p> + +<p>Miss Cisneros was, however, afraid that the Spanish +Government might insist that the United States +should send her back to her prison in Cuba, and so +she hastened to give up her allegiance to Spain, and +shelter herself under the protection of the American +Government.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>For some time past there has been a terrible epidemic +of yellow fever in the South.</p> + +<p>An epidemic means a disease that affects a large +number of people at the same time and is widely +spread.</p> + +<p>The disease was first noticed in a little summer +watering-place not far from New Orleans. It was not +recognized as yellow fever, the doctors thinking it a +harmless little summer fever, of which the symptoms +are very similar.</p> + +<p>Little by little the disease gained headway, until +<a name="Page_1551" id="Page_1551"></a>by the time its true character was understood it had +taken a hold on the people and had become difficult +to stamp out.</p> + +<p>The strictest quarantine regulations were enforced +as soon as the sickness was proved to be true yellow +fever, even the passengers on the trains being inspected +and closely watched before they were allowed +to pass from infected districts to those which were +free from the dreaded disease. With all the care it +continued to increase, and has not yet been controlled.</p> + +<p>On such occasions the scientists are always very +busy. While some of the doctors are trying to cure +the disease, others are busy preventing the sick persons +from carrying the contagion to other places, and +others again are occupied in trying to find the cause +of the epidemic, and how to prevent it in future.</p> + +<p>One of the scientists who have been working to +prevent the disease has discovered the microbe which +causes yellow fever, and claims that an epidemic can +in future be prevented by inoculating people with it +in the same way that they are now vaccinated for +small-pox.</p> + +<p>Small-pox was at one time a scourge throughout +the world, and fearful outbreaks of this plague would +occur wherever numbers of people were gathered +together.</p> + +<p>About the year 1718 an English lady travelling in +Turkey noticed that inoculation was practised in that +country with the greatest success, and that epidemics +were greatly prevented thereby.</p> + +<p>This lady, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, introduced +the practice into England.<a name="Page_1552" id="Page_1552"></a></p> + +<p>The idea was to introduce into the blood the germs +of the dreaded disease, practically giving the patient +a slight attack of small-pox, which made him proof +against another attack.</p> + +<p>Inoculation was, however, objected to, because +sometimes the person operated on took the disease in +its violent form, and died from the results.</p> + +<p>The fact, however, remained that people who +had been inoculated were not liable to take the +disease again, and so much good resulted that the +physicians were constantly seeking a means of inoculating +that would insure only a mild form of the +disease.</p> + +<p>The problem was at last solved by the great English +physician, Edward Jenner, in 1798.</p> + +<p>He found that a form of small-pox was prevalent +among cows, and that by taking the germs of this +disease, which was called cow-pox, and putting them +into the blood of human beings, he could produce a +mild form of small-pox, which never assumed a dangerous +character, and yet prevented the person treated +from taking the real deadly small-pox.</p> + +<p>From this experiment vaccination, as we know it +to-day, resulted. The practice was given this name +in France; the word is derived from <i>vacca</i>, the Latin +for cow.</p> + +<p>Since vaccination became general, the decrease in +the rate of deaths from small-pox has been wonderful, +and there has not been one serious epidemic +where the practice has been followed.</p> + +<p>Yellow fever is a much worse enemy to all people +who live in warm climates than small-pox. It is a +terrible disease, and often kills its victims in a few +<a name="Page_1553" id="Page_1553"></a>hours. All sailors and travellers in southern countries +have to meet with the scourge, the sailors calling +it familiarly "Yellow Jack."</p> + +<p>If it is indeed true that by inoculation people can +be made proof against this awful disease, it will be +one of the greatest blessings this wonderful century +has given to man.</p> + +<p>As we have said, yellow fever visits our southern +shores every year, though happily not often in an +epidemic form. The Government has therefore sent +an expert down to the affected districts to discover, if +possible, where this disease comes from, and ascertain +the best means of preventing it.</p> + +<p>Dr. John Guiteras was chosen as the best man to +send, and he reports that it is from Cuba that this +unwelcome visitor makes its yearly call on us.</p> + +<p>The doctor declares that the sanitary conditions in +Cuba are dreadful. He says that nothing is done to +keep the cities clean or healthy. The drainage in +Havana is of the worst possible description, and in +times of epidemic no attempt is made to prevent the +spread of disease.</p> + +<p>There is such constant communication between +Cuba and the United States that our Government +has been obliged to keep three health officers in the +island to report on the state of things and enforce +quarantine regulations when necessary.</p> + +<p>Yellow fever breaks out regularly every year in +Cuba, and the doctor declares that it would be an +excellent thing for us if the Cubans were allowed +to purchase their freedom under our protection, +as we might then be able to induce them to put +their country in a properly healthy condition, and +<a name="Page_1554" id="Page_1554"></a>save ourselves the trouble and cost of yellow-fever +epidemics.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Prince Mavrocordato, the Greek minister +who has been sent to Turkey to arrange the +peace, has arrived in Constantinople, but, if all reports +are true, he has not been received with the respect +that he considered his due.</p> + +<p>Some little annoyance at the custom-house put him +so terribly out of temper that he was on the point of +turning back and refusing to enter into any negotiations +with Turkey at all. He was, however, pacified, +and is now in the Turkish capital, ready to begin +work.</p> + +<p>The Sultan has announced positively that he does +not intend to remove his troops from Thessaly until +he has something surer to rely upon than a promise +to pay the indemnity.</p> + +<p>He has sent supplies of winter clothing to the +army, and will keep his soldiers where they are until +Greece has so arranged her affairs that he can feel +sure of being paid.</p> + +<p>Considering that the Powers are to take charge of +the Greek treasury until he has been paid, this conduct +seems rather extraordinary, but the Sultan is +such an untrustworthy person himself that it is not +to be wondered at that he has no faith in promises or +honor.</p> + +<p>Last week we prepared you for a surprise in regard +to the settlement of the affairs in Crete.</p> + +<p>His Majesty the Sultan has not kept us long waiting +for it.<a name="Page_1555" id="Page_1555"></a></p> + +<p>Forgetting that the Cretans accepted Home Rule +from the Powers, and that the matter was supposed +to have been settled, Abdul Hamid now comes forward +with a little proposal of his own.</p> + +<p>He suggests that all the occupants of Crete, Christians +and Mussulmans alike, shall be forced to deliver +up their weapons to the Turkish soldiers. That he, +the Sultan, shall have the power to appoint whom he +pleases as governor of Crete, and shall further be +empowered to form a body of guards, half soldiers +and half police, who shall have the duty of preserving +the peace of Crete.</p> + +<p>All this means, in so many words, that instead of +a Christian governor, Home Rule, and the payment +of a yearly tribute to the Turks, the Cretans shall go +back to the old state they were in before Greece +interposed.</p> + +<p>We shall probably hear a good deal more about +Crete before the winter is over.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>England's conduct in regard to the seal question +looks as if she had been playing the old +child's game of asking her pinkie finger before she +could give us a decided answer.</p> + +<p>From Lord Salisbury's conduct in the affair, one +would suppose that he had shut himself up in his +study, and consulted the oracle:</p> + +<p>"Pray, my dear little finger, pray tell me whether I +shall join the seal conference or no? Yes—no—yes—no": +and so on.</p> + +<p>He has said "yes" and "no" so many times that it +looks as though he had just come round to the pinkie +again at "yes."<a name="Page_1556" id="Page_1556"></a></p> + +<p>After stating that the end of the five years agreed +on in Paris was time enough to consider the seal question, +his lordship has now sent word to our ambassador +that England will join the United States in a +conference. The conference is to be held about the +same time as the other one, but is to have no connection +with it.</p> + +<p>It seems a pity that England will not meet the +Russian and Japanese delegates, because they may +have some interesting information to offer. As we +have said before, there was no question of discussing +anything else but the decrease of the seal herds, and +Japan has expressly stated that she will not enter into +any other form of the subject.</p> + +<p>It is, however, a point gained that England will +discuss any part of the question, and it is to be hoped +that this decision is final, and that Lord Salisbury +may not set to work to recount his fingers, and make +the pinkie come to "no" again.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>There seems to be a growing desire for independence +in Canada.</p> + +<p>The French Canadians of the Province of Quebec +are urging the people to demand complete independence +from England. They have printed and circulated +an appeal to the people to rise and demand their +liberty.</p> + +<p>We told you some time ago about England's idea +of federating her colonies.</p> + +<p>If this should be done, the mother country would +have the right to demand that the colonies should +contribute to her wars, and help her, and stand by +<a name="Page_1557" id="Page_1557"></a>her on all occasions. The federating of England and +her colonies would bind them together in much the +same way that our United States are bound together. +They would be under one head and one government, +but each portion of the empire would take its share +of the profits and losses.</p> + +<p>It is this which has roused the Canadians of Quebec.</p> + +<p>Here is their complaint: "Canada, more securely +chained, will be thrown into the defensive and offensive +politics of Great Britain. We will be called +upon to contribute toward the military and naval +forces of that country. We will have to give our +money and our blood to defend the interests of the +noble lords who scorn us, the London merchants who +exploit us, and the deserts of Africa or the plains of +India will be our funeral pyres, where many of our +people will sleep."</p> + +<p>These fears were aroused when, in the latter part +of September, it was announced that the Canadian +Government was about to make large purchases of +guns and cannon for the defence of Montreal.</p> + +<p>These Canadians became afraid that they were to +be drawn into some war in which they had neither +interest nor concern, and they are now anxious to +throw off the English yoke, and be free to make peace +or war as they will.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>As the winter approaches, the cry of famine is once +more being raised in Ireland.</p> + +<p>The potato crop appears to have failed entirely, and +the grain, beaten down by storms and rain, has not +ripened, but lays rotting in the fields where it was +planted.<a name="Page_1558" id="Page_1558"></a></p> + +<p>The cry of famine is heard from Ireland with more +or less regularity every year, and therefore some people +are inclined to doubt whether this is a genuine +complaint, but from all one hears it would appear to +be only too true.</p> + +<p>Mr. John E. Redmund, member of Parliament for +Waterford, Ireland, has stated that the present harvest +is the worst since 1879, and that there is every +reason to fear that a large portion of the Irish population +will soon be on the verge of starvation.</p> + +<p>To help these unfortunates, sixty-four of the Irish +members joined in a petition to ask the Government +to call an extra meeting of Parliament to vote money +for the relief of the famine sufferers.</p> + +<p>The Queen has the right to call the British Parliament +into session at any time she deems it necessary, +but for a long time it has been the custom for it to +assemble in February and remain in session until +August.</p> + +<p>In reply to the petition from the Irish members, +the Government stated that there did not seem to be +any necessity for summoning a special parliament to +deal with the Irish troubles, as, if the worst fears for +Ireland were realized, the Government had power to +use funds to relieve the people without waiting for +the consent of Parliament.</p> + +<p>The Irish members, in addition to asking for a +special session of Parliament, entreated the Government +to lower the rents of the Irish tenants.</p> + +<p>The petition stated that, in consequence of the poor +crops, it was hopeless to expect the tenants to pay +their full rentals, and to avoid the suffering and bad +feeling that arises from evictions, or turning out the +<a name="Page_1559" id="Page_1559"></a>people who are behind in their rents, it was begged +that the Government would lower the rents by law.</p> + +<p>The Government, however, absolutely declined to +interfere in the matter, and this will have to be left +to the good-will of the landlords.</p> + +<p>Should the coming winter turn out as badly as it is +feared, the chances are that there will be more bitter +feeling between England and Ireland. The cause of +the strife will be the money that England is said to +owe to Ireland.</p> + +<p>Some time ago the Queen appointed a committee to +examine the accounts between the two nations, and +see just exactly how each country stood on the books +of the other.</p> + +<p>When the committee handed in its report, every +one was absolutely amazed to find that for nearly a +hundred years England had been collecting about +thirteen million dollars a year from Ireland over and +above the sum which she had a right to ask for. It +was further shown that the collection of this big tax +was in direct violation of a treaty between England +and Ireland.</p> + +<p>If the horrors of famine overtake the Emerald Isle, +the Irish people will certainly demand that this +money be returned to them; but the sum is now so +enormous that England can never return it in full, +and, whatever she does for Ireland, the sister isle is +sure to feel defrauded and unhappy.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Last July we told you about a great strike that was +going on in London among the engineers. We +said that the fight promised to be a long and bitter +<a name="Page_1560" id="Page_1560"></a>one, because both masters and men considered themselves +in the right, and both had plenty of money to +help them to stand by their opinions.</p> + +<p>You will be surprised to learn that the strike is +still in progress, and grows stronger as time goes by.</p> + +<p>When the strike first began, but seventeen thousand +men were involved in it; but finding the masters +refuse to listen to the demands of the men, the labor +unions have decided to call out the workers in thirty +other important industries. This will make about +four hundred thousand men in all on strike.</p> + +<p>The complaint of the men is that they want a working +day of eight hours, and do not want to work overtime +unless they are paid extra for it.</p> + +<p>The engineer's calling is a very hard one; in some +branches the men are forced to work around boilers +and furnaces where the heat is stifling. They feel +that eight hours' labor a day is as much as they +should be required to give, and that, if their employers +want them to toil longer than their regular hours, +they should be willing to pay them liberally for so +doing.</p> + +<p>The men do not like to work overtime. When their +day's work is done they want to be able to go home +and rest, and they declare that many of the masters +force the men to work after hours without reason.</p> + +<p>The contracts for making and building in large enterprises +are nearly always what are called time contracts. +This means that the contractor agrees to +have the work finished by a certain time, and if he +fails to keep his part of the bargain he has to pay a +heavy forfeit for each day that he is behind time.</p> + +<p>When the time for a contract is nearly up, it is +<a name="Page_1561" id="Page_1561"></a>often necessary for the men to work overtime to save +the master his forfeit.</p> + +<p>The men contend that the masters ought to be willing +to pay extra for such service. To save them +money they are asking the men to toil for them after +their full day's work is done, and when they are +so tired that it requires an extra effort to do the +work.</p> + +<p>The leaders of the strike think that overtime is unnecessary +if the work is properly handled from the +beginning, and they are anxious to make the rate so +high that masters will not ask it of their men, unless +under very unusual circumstances.</p> + +<p>Of late both sides have shown a disposition to settle +the strike, because many of the big contracts for +work have had to be given out in foreign countries, +owing to the duration and strength of the strike; but +as neither side seems willing to give in, matters are +at a standstill.</p> + +<p>The Prince of Wales and Mr. Gladstone have both +been asked to arbitrate the strike, but both of these +great men have declined to interfere in the matter.</p> + +<p>The engineers, however, realize that something +must be done, so they are trying to bring the matter +to an end by calling out such a number of other workmen +that the trade of the country will be brought to +a standstill.</p> + +<p>There was a rumor that the engineers who work on +the steamships would be called out and forced to go +on strike. If this should prove true, every kind of +business would be interfered with, for no steamers +could leave the English ports without properly certificated +engineers to run them, and no foreign mail +<a name="Page_1562" id="Page_1562"></a>of any sort could be sent out or brought into the +country.</p> + +<p>The agents of the great lines running between this +country and England, which are nearly all owned by +English firms, declared that they were not afraid of +the strike hurting them. If their engineers should +be called out, they asserted that they could find +plenty of men to fill their places.</p> + +<p>This is all very well from the point of view of the +agents seated in their comfortable offices, but very +few of us would be willing to trust our lives on the +high seas to inexperienced engineers. We do not +care to ride on the cars in times of strikes when green +hands are put on to keep them running till the trouble +is over, and on the cars we can get out any moment +we feel afraid. But on the ocean it is altogether a +different matter. There is no stopping the car and +getting out at the next block, and it would probably +pay the steamship companies better to agree to the +engineers' terms than to run their ships empty.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The Duchess of Marlborough (formerly Miss +Consuelo Vanderbilt) is now the happy mother +of a baby son who may one day be the Duke of Marlborough.</p> + +<p>When it came time to christen the infant, the Prince +of Wales sent word that he would act as godfather to +the noble baby.</p> + +<p>The child has just been christened, and a grand +ceremony was made of the affair in the Chapel Royal, +St. James' Palace, which, by the way, is the same +church in which Queen Victoria was married.<a name="Page_1563" id="Page_1563"></a></p> + +<p>According to the Church of England, three sponsors +are necessary to the christening of a baby. If it is a +boy there must be two godfathers and one godmother; +if a girl, two godmothers and one godfather.</p> + +<p>It was therefore necessary to have two godfathers +for this infant, who, as eldest son of the Duke of +Marlborough, is known by the title of Marquis of +Blandford.</p> + +<p>The Prince of Wales was one godfather and the +other was Mr. W.K. Vanderbilt, the grandfather of +the baby.</p> + +<p>The christening was a very grand affair, and after +it was over the Prince of Wales presented the infant +with a golden cup engraved with his own name and +coat of arms, and the baby's name, John Albert Edward +William, and the family coat of arms.</p> + +<p>It seems that the young gentleman has good manners +even at this early age, for when he was handed +to his royal godfather for inspection he never whimpered, +but, seeming to realize the honor that was +being done to him, behaved with perfect propriety.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>It may interest you to know that the Princess Kaiulani +has arrived in this country.</p> + +<p>The Princess is the daughter of Liliuokalani's sister, +who married a Hawaiian gentleman named Cleghorn. +Kaiulani, who is known as Miss Victoria +Cleghorn, is said to be a very charming girl, highly +educated and amiable. She is said to be quite pretty, +and to look like a Spaniard or Cuban.</p> + +<p>She is passing through this country on her way to +Honolulu.<a name="Page_1564" id="Page_1564"></a></p> + +<p>Because of the fact which we told you a little while +ago that Liliuokalani was talking of abdicating in +favor of Kaiulani, every one was anxious to find out +from the young princess whether her visit to the +Sandwich Islands had anything to do with the proposed +annexation.</p> + +<p>The young lady refused to speak on the subject. +She said that she was simply going there to visit +some old friends.</p> + +<p>Her father, Mr. Cleghorn, who was taking her to +Honolulu, declared himself opposed to annexation, +but stated positively that the trip to Hawaii was +merely a return home for his daughter, who had been +finishing her education abroad.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Affairs in Guatemala continue in an unsettled +condition.</p> + +<p>While the Government continues to gain the upper +hand, and the insurgent leaders are being defeated +and obliged to flee the country, the condition of +affairs is most distressing.</p> + +<p>The rebel cause was so strong that none doubted +that it would succeed. Numbers of the best people +in the country sided with the rebels, and felt so sure +of their ultimate success that they did not scruple to +let it be known where their sympathies lay.</p> + +<p>Now that the Government and Barrios have gained +the victory, there is a panic throughout the country.</p> + +<p>It is felt that the dictator will deal out a heavy +punishment to all who have revolted against his rule, +and in all parts of the country people are fleeing from +his wrath, leaving their houses and plantations to +go to rack and ruin.<a name="Page_1565" id="Page_1565"></a></p> + +<p>Our Government fears that the lives and property +of our citizens in Guatemala may be endangered in +the general confusion, and therefore the cruiser <i>Detroit</i> +has been sent down to the Gulf coast of Guatemala to +protect the interests of our citizens.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>We are sorry to tell you that the forest fires are +still increasing in New York State.</p> + +<p>Half of the people of the town of Huron have been +engaged for three weeks in fighting the fires, but have +made little or no headway.</p> + +<p>Forest fires are also raging on the Alleghany Mountains, +and word comes that the town of Altoona, Pa., +is so shrouded in smoke from the fires that the sun +at noonday is almost invisible.</p> + +<p>Better news, however, comes from Nebraska. Rain +has fallen there, and the terrible drought appears to +be over. The farmers are using every moment of +daylight to plough their fields and get them ready for +the fall planting.</p> + +<p>Showers have fallen almost daily over the State +since the drought was broken, and, in the few days +that have passed, the grass that was so terribly burned +and parched has sprung up anew, until it looks quite +fresh and green again.</p> + +<p>The farmers are now feeling more hopeful.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>We told you about a wonderful roller-boat that +was being built in Toronto.</p> + +<p>It was given its first trial on Saturday, and Mr. +Knapp, its inventor, declared it to be a great success.<a name="Page_1566" id="Page_1566"></a></p> + +<p>People who were on board this strange craft on its +trial trip said that when the machinery was put in +motion the sensation was anything but pleasant. +According to their description, it seemed as if the +whole ship was being lifted into the air, and tilted to +such angle that it was bound to go over. When they, +were half frightened out of their senses by the tilting, +there came a noise as if all the machinery was bursting +at the same moment, and when they had made up +their minds that the whole affair was going to pieces, +the vessel began to move through the water.</p> + +<p>As soon as it was found that the ship really did +move, and that nothing was going to blow up, everybody +began to praise her, and the trial was pronounced +a great success.</p> + +<p>Although at the trial the boat proved very slow, +the builder is so enthusiastic about her that he says +he is confident she will be able to move through the +water at the rate of sixty miles an hour.</p> + +<p>If this feat is accomplished, the three thousand +miles of sea that divide us from Europe will be crossed +in two days and two hours.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 19.5em;">G.H.</span> <span class="smcap">Rosenfeld.</span><br /> +<a name="Page_1567" id="Page_1567"></a></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS.</h2> + + +<div class="blockquot"><i>Editor</i> <span class="smcap">Great Round World</span>.<br /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>: Can you tell me more about the map-holder +mentioned in No. 47? W.J.B.</p><br /></div> + + +<div><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:</div> + +<p>If you refer to the map-holder for bicycles, we +would suggest that you apply to A.G. Spalding & +Co., Broadway, New York. <span class="smcap">Editor</span>.<br /><br /></p> + + +<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>: + +<p>Will you please explain in the next issue of <span class="smcap">The +Great Round World</span> who are eligible to seats in the +House of Lords and in the House of Commons? By +thus doing you will greatly oblige one who is very much +interested in your paper.</p> + +<p> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 22em;">Respectfully yours,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">N.R.</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Morristown, N.J.</span><br /> +</p><br /></div> + + +<div><span class="smcap">Dear Friend</span>:</div> + +<p>The House of Peers (or House of Lords) is composed +of all the peers of the United Kingdom, the +representative Scottish peers, the Irish representative +peers, and the lords spiritual.</p> + +<p>A peer is the holder of one of the five degrees of +nobility,—duke, marquis, earl, viscount, or baron. +These men have their seats in the House of Lords +by right of birth, and take possession of them when +they come of age.</p> + +<p>The House of Peers takes its origin from the body +of lords and barons who were summoned to the king's +councils in olden times. Besides the peers who sit +in the House of Lords by right, and who are distin<a name="Page_1568" id="Page_1568"></a>guished +as the lords temporal, there are twenty-six +other lords who also form a part of this body, and +who are known as the lords spiritual. These are the +two English archbishops and twenty-four bishops.</p> + +<p>The House of Commons is composed entirely of +men who are elected by the vote of the people.</p> + +<p>There are no restrictions whatever of birth, education, +or religion. Any freeman who is elected can sit +in the House. At one time an endeavor was made to +exclude a man who had been elected because he refused +to take the oath which is administered to all +members of Parliament before they can take their +seats. This was Charles Bradlaugh. He said he +did not believe in an oath, but offered to affirm, or +give his word instead. The House of Commons refused +to accept this, and Mr. Bradlaugh was not +allowed to take his seat. He afterward stated that +he was willing to take the oath as a matter of form, +but this was again objected to. For six years he +struggled for his seat, and at last was allowed to take +it, after going through the form of the oath.</p> + +<p>A cobbler has sat in the House of Commons and +helped make laws for the people, and the members of +Parliament are of all ranks and ages.</p> + +<p>In England, however, men of fortune and family +take more interest in the affairs of the nation than +they do with us, and the majority of the members of +the House of Commons are wealthy land-owners, +baronets, and knights, who have large interests at +stake, and young men of good family who have been +educated with the express idea of going into Parliament +as soon as they were able to find an opening.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">E</span><span class="smcap">ditor.</span><br /> +<br /><a name="Page_1569" id="Page_1569"></a></p> +<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>: + +<p>I am one of your subscribers, and think <span class="smcap">The Great +Round World</span> a very interesting little paper. Do you +think the man that went up in the balloon will succeed +in finding the North Pole? I hope he will, and when +he comes back give us a good history of it. And do you +think that Cuba will get its freedom? I hope it will.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 22em;">Yours truly,</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">New Philadelphia Pa., Laura G</span>.<br /><br /> +</p></div> + + +<div><span class="smcap">Dear Laura</span>:</div> + +<p>Great fears are entertained that Professor Andrée +has fallen a victim to his love for science, and is +one more of the unfortunate men who have lost their +lives in their search for the Pole.</p> + +<p>In regard to Cuba—unless Spain really gives the +Cubans liberal home rule that they can be happy +under, they will certainly fight until they are free.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">E</span><span class="smcap">ditor.</span><br /><br /> +</p> + + +<p>We have received a batch of delightful letters from +a school in Foxboro, Mass. We take great pleasure +in printing the three following. <span class="smcap">Editor.</span></p> + + +<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>: + +<p>Your paper came this week. As we read the notes I +thought they were quite interesting. I should like to +see one of those meteorites you told us about. I shall be +very glad when your next paper comes, so I can read +about Lieutenant Peary. The school is going to write +to you and tell you how we liked your paper.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 22em;">Yours truly,</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Foxboro, Mass. C. Irene B</span>.<br /> +</p><br /></div> + + +<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>: + +<p>We received our paper this morning. We have only +<a name="Page_1570" id="Page_1570"></a>read two stories, but we think we shall like it. Our +teacher read us about Lieutenant Peary, and about the +meteorites he got from Greenland, and about the Tennessee +bicycle. Each one in the school wrote a letter. +We are going to select the best ones and send them to +you. + Yours truly,</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">R</span><span class="smcap">alph E.</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Foxboro, Mass.</span><br /> +</p></div> + + +<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>: + +<p>We received our paper to-day. I think we shall like +<span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> very much. Our teacher read +about the meteorites and the bicycles. Each one of us is +writing a letter. Yours truly,</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">H</span><span class="smcap">arwood W.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>P.S.—I have hurt my right fingers and can't write +very well, but am learning to use my left hand.</p> + + +<span class="smcap">Foxboro, Mass.</span><br /> +<br /><br /></div> + + +<p>Every one ought to learn to write with their left +hand. In England boys and girls are taught to write +with both hands. There is a book published explaining +the method. <span class="smcap">Editor</span>.<br /><br /></p> + + + +<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>: + +<p>Can you give me further information relative to condensed +food described on page 1267 of <span class="smcap">The Great +Round World</span>? What the probable cost will be; +where can it be obtained; how soon before it can be +bought; and any other facts you may know relative +thereto, and greatly oblige,</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">Yours truly, E.A.H.</span><br /> +</p></div> + + +<div><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:</div> + +<p>For further information about the condensed food, +we would suggest that you address the New York +Condensed Food Co., New York. <span class="smcap">Editor</span>.</p> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, November 4, 1897, No. 52, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + +***** This file should be named 16175-h.htm or 16175-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/1/7/16175/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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