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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/16175-8.txt b/16175-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5167ea5 --- /dev/null +++ b/16175-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1338 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, November 4, 1897, No. 52, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World And What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, November 4, 1897, No. 52 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: July 2, 2005 [EBook #16175] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 NOVEMBER 4, 1897. NO. 52 + +=Copyright, 1897, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.= + + +The situation in Cuba remains much the same. + +The noteworthy event of the past week has been a sad and unfortunate +shipwreck which occurred on October 16th. + +On that day a Spanish steamer was wrecked off the coast of Pinar del +Rio, while making the trip from Havana to Bahia Honda. + +The _Triton_, as the steamer was called, was carrying soldiers' +ammunition, money, and mules to be used against the Cubans in Pinar del +Rio. + +According to all accounts the steamer was so heavily laden that when she +started her decks were only a few feet above the level of the water. + +It was a very black and stormy night, and many sailors on the dock +expressed fears that the vessel could not weather a storm in her heavily +laden condition. + +The trip she had to make was merely a matter of four hours, and the +captain declared himself confident of bringing his vessel safely to +port. + +All went well till the _Triton_ was within a few miles of her +destination; when off the coast of Pinar del Rio she ran aground. + +Those on board who were saved from the wreck said that the vessel was so +heavily loaded that she was not able to take her usual course, and, +because so much deeper in the water, ran aground on a bank that in her +ordinary trips she could pass over without difficulty. + +As long as the vessel had been cutting her way through the water, the +heavy lading had caused little inconvenience, but when she grounded the +waves began to wash over her decks, and cause much alarm to the +passengers. + +While the vessel was in great danger, she might still have been saved if +it had not been for the mules. These beasts, becoming panic-stricken as +the waves swept over the deck, stampeded to one side of the vessel, +causing it to list over so much that the cargo shifted. + +This is one of the most terrible accidents that can happen to a vessel. + +The loading of a cargo is a very important thing, and is a business of +itself. The men who direct it must understand just how to distribute the +weight evenly in the hold, and how to pack the boxes and bales and +barrels so tightly together that they cannot move, because if a cargo +should shift it is liable to throw the ship out of her balance, and she +is in danger of overturning and sinking. + +This is what happened to the _Triton_. The mules and the shifted cargo +together made such a heavy weight on one side that she keeled over, and +within fifteen minutes of the time she first struck the bank she sank, +carrying down with her one hundred and fifty of the passengers and crew. + +The accident happened in the early dawn, when many of the people were +asleep in their berths, and though the captain had them roused, and +lowered the boats to try and take them off the sinking ship, the seas +ran so high that the small boats were swamped, and it was impossible to +save the unfortunate passengers. + +The ship went down in one hundred and twenty fathoms of water, so it is +not likely that her valuable cargo of arms and money will ever be +recovered. The loss is a serious one to Spain at this moment, when she +needs every penny she has to help her out of her many difficulties. + + * * * * * + +There are disquieting rumors that the Carlists are smuggling large +quantities of arms into Spain from France, and it is thought that the +long-deferred rising will occur very shortly. + +Eleven thousand rifles are said to have been purchased in Belgium by the +Carlist agents during the month of September. + + * * * * * + +There is a vague rumor that the Queen Regent and her new Prime Minister +have arrived at the conclusion that the only possible end to the Cuban +war will be to let the Cubans purchase the island. + +There are a good many complications in the way of this action at +present, because the European financiers, about whom we have spoken to +you before, have advanced a great deal of money to Spain, the sugar and +tobacco being taken as security for the return of their money. These +people must first be reckoned with before any agreement to free Cuba can +be made, but it is hinted by people close to the Government that the +Queen and Seņor Sagasta are considering a plan whereby they can allow +Cuba to purchase her freedom without making bad friends with the +financiers, or offending the pride of Spain. + +It would seem that Seņor Sagasta's policy is to put an end to foreign +wars, and gather the strength of the Spanish army around the throne of +Spain, so that it shall be well protected against the Carlist attack +that will undoubtedly be made ere long. + +A report has been received that the Spanish general in the Philippine +Islands is treating with the insurgents for peace. + +This report is published in one of the reliable Spanish papers, and it +states that General Primo de Rivera has been discussing terms of peace +with Emilio Aguinaldo, the insurgent leader. + +The rebels have been so successful that they are not willing to make +peace unless they get very good terms, and so they ask that all who have +taken part in the revolt shall be given a free pardon, that three +million pesetas (a peseta is worth about twenty cents) shall be paid to +the insurgent chiefs, that the Philippine Islands shall be represented +in the Spanish Cortes, and that half the government offices in the +islands shall be held by natives. The insurgents also demand that the +power of the priests shall be lessened, as the rebellion was really +caused by the disagreements between the friars and the people. + + * * * * * + +An amusing filibustering incident has occurred during the week. + +The Spaniards obtained information that the Cubans were fitting out a +large expedition with arms and men for the insurgents. They had engaged +a ship called the _Premier_ for this purpose, and were making their +preparations with all possible haste and secrecy. + +The Spaniards gave information to our Government, and requested that the +expedition be stopped. + +But the Cubans have as many spies around as the Spaniards, and it was +soon learned that the _Premier_ expedition was known to the authorities. +Without appearing to change their plans about the _Premier_, the Cubans +made a secret arrangement with another ship called the _Silver Heels_, +and prepared her to take their cargo instead of the _Premier_. + +The watchful Spaniards soon found out about the new vessel, and even +learned the hour and dock at which she was to receive her cargo. + +Our Government was warned, and a revenue cutter got ready to intercept +the _Silver Heels_ as soon as she should really have started on her +voyage. + +The Cubans were attempting to load and despatch their vessel from the +port of New York, and so it was expected that, with all the police boats +and cutters available here, it would be an easy matter to catch and +convict all concerned in the expedition. + +A detective was sent to watch the dock at which the _Silver Heels_ was +to be loaded. Sure enough, the vessel slipped up to the pier as soon as +night had fallen, and the detective watched suspicious-looking cases +being hastily put on board, and suspicious-looking characters taking +passage in her. He became convinced that a filibustering expedition was +indeed being sent out. To make quite sure, he watched until the last of +her load was put on board. The last man had reached the deck, and the +vessel, in tow of a river tug, had once more pulled out of the dock. + +He then hurried down to the Battery and told what he had seen, and with +several other officers got on board the cutter and started to intercept +the _Silver Heels_ as she came down the Bay on her way to sea. + +To you who do not know New York Harbor, it may be as well to explain +that New York, or Manhattan, Island lies between the Hudson River and +the Sound, an arm of the sea which is called the East River as it flows +by New York. + +This East River which, as it widens, becomes Long Island Sound, +separates Manhattan Island from Long Island, which, as its name +suggests, is a long strip of land stretching along the coast for miles +above and below New York city, forming the beautiful New York Bay and +Harbor below the city, and the equally lovely Long Island Sound above +the city. + +The Atlantic Ocean washes the outer shore of Long Island, and ships +leaving the port of New York can reach the sea either by going above the +city through Hell Gate and Long Island Sound, or below the city down the +Harbor and Bay, and out through the Narrows, past Sandy Hook and Fire +Island. + +The route to Cuba is _down_ the Bay. To attempt to make the journey by +the Sound route is to go a good day's journey out of the way, so it +never entered the heads of the officers on the cutter that the _Silver +Heels_ would start for Cuba by any such out-of-the-way route. + +Putting off from the Battery, which is the extreme lower point of New +York city, they steamed up and down the Bay, looking out for their +prize. + +The _Silver Heels_ did not put in an appearance, however, and after +waiting about three hours, the officers decided to go up the East River, +and intercept the vessel while she was still in the river. + +The night was dark, and the river full of shipping, but every craft that +approached was carefully inspected, and still no _Silver Heels_ was +discovered. + +After several tedious hours of waiting had been passed, the officers +decided to steam up to the wharf and find out what had happened to the +ship. + +On reaching the pier it was learned, to the consternation of the +marshals, that the _Silver Heels_ had cleared nearly four hours before, +and had been towed up the Sound, instead of down the Bay. + +With such a start as that it was felt to be useless to attempt to +overtake her, and the marshals left the cutter, and returned to their +homes, wiser but sadder men. + + * * * * * + +The young Cuban, Miss Evangelina Cisneros, about whom we told you last +week, has lost no time in putting herself under the protection of our +flag. + +The very morning of her arrival she went down to the County Court-House +in City Hall Park, and there declared her intention of becoming an +American citizen. + +It is a very unusual thing for foreign-born women to become naturalized +Americans. They rarely do so unless they wish to hold property in this +country, for, having no vote or voice in the conduct of the Government, +it is not so necessary for them to become citizens of their adopted +country. When a woman marries she assumes the nationality of her +husband, and can hold any property by right of her marriage, and the +fact that all foreign women who marry Americans become Americans by +their marriage is another reason why it is rarely necessary for women to +take out their naturalization papers. + +Miss Cisneros was, however, afraid that the Spanish Government might +insist that the United States should send her back to her prison in +Cuba, and so she hastened to give up her allegiance to Spain, and +shelter herself under the protection of the American Government. + + * * * * * + +For some time past there has been a terrible epidemic of yellow fever in +the South. + +An epidemic means a disease that affects a large number of people at the +same time and is widely spread. + +The disease was first noticed in a little summer watering-place not far +from New Orleans. It was not recognized as yellow fever, the doctors +thinking it a harmless little summer fever, of which the symptoms are +very similar. + +Little by little the disease gained headway, until by the time its true +character was understood it had taken a hold on the people and had +become difficult to stamp out. + +The strictest quarantine regulations were enforced as soon as the +sickness was proved to be true yellow fever, even the passengers on the +trains being inspected and closely watched before they were allowed to +pass from infected districts to those which were free from the dreaded +disease. With all the care it continued to increase, and has not yet +been controlled. + +On such occasions the scientists are always very busy. While some of the +doctors are trying to cure the disease, others are busy preventing the +sick persons from carrying the contagion to other places, and others +again are occupied in trying to find the cause of the epidemic, and how +to prevent it in future. + +One of the scientists who have been working to prevent the disease has +discovered the microbe which causes yellow fever, and claims that an +epidemic can in future be prevented by inoculating people with it in the +same way that they are now vaccinated for small-pox. + +Small-pox was at one time a scourge throughout the world, and fearful +outbreaks of this plague would occur wherever numbers of people were +gathered together. + +About the year 1718 an English lady travelling in Turkey noticed that +inoculation was practised in that country with the greatest success, and +that epidemics were greatly prevented thereby. + +This lady, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, introduced the practice into +England. + +The idea was to introduce into the blood the germs of the dreaded +disease, practically giving the patient a slight attack of small-pox, +which made him proof against another attack. + +Inoculation was, however, objected to, because sometimes the person +operated on took the disease in its violent form, and died from the +results. + +The fact, however, remained that people who had been inoculated were not +liable to take the disease again, and so much good resulted that the +physicians were constantly seeking a means of inoculating that would +insure only a mild form of the disease. + +The problem was at last solved by the great English physician, Edward +Jenner, in 1798. + +He found that a form of small-pox was prevalent among cows, and that by +taking the germs of this disease, which was called cow-pox, and putting +them into the blood of human beings, he could produce a mild form of +small-pox, which never assumed a dangerous character, and yet prevented +the person treated from taking the real deadly small-pox. + +From this experiment vaccination, as we know it to-day, resulted. The +practice was given this name in France; the word is derived from +_vacca_, the Latin for cow. + +Since vaccination became general, the decrease in the rate of deaths +from small-pox has been wonderful, and there has not been one serious +epidemic where the practice has been followed. + +Yellow fever is a much worse enemy to all people who live in warm +climates than small-pox. It is a terrible disease, and often kills its +victims in a few hours. All sailors and travellers in southern +countries have to meet with the scourge, the sailors calling it +familiarly "Yellow Jack." + +If it is indeed true that by inoculation people can be made proof +against this awful disease, it will be one of the greatest blessings +this wonderful century has given to man. + +As we have said, yellow fever visits our southern shores every year, +though happily not often in an epidemic form. The Government has +therefore sent an expert down to the affected districts to discover, if +possible, where this disease comes from, and ascertain the best means of +preventing it. + +Dr. John Guiteras was chosen as the best man to send, and he reports +that it is from Cuba that this unwelcome visitor makes its yearly call +on us. + +The doctor declares that the sanitary conditions in Cuba are dreadful. +He says that nothing is done to keep the cities clean or healthy. The +drainage in Havana is of the worst possible description, and in times of +epidemic no attempt is made to prevent the spread of disease. + +There is such constant communication between Cuba and the United States +that our Government has been obliged to keep three health officers in +the island to report on the state of things and enforce quarantine +regulations when necessary. + +Yellow fever breaks out regularly every year in Cuba, and the doctor +declares that it would be an excellent thing for us if the Cubans were +allowed to purchase their freedom under our protection, as we might then +be able to induce them to put their country in a properly healthy +condition, and save ourselves the trouble and cost of yellow-fever +epidemics. + + * * * * * + +Prince Mavrocordato, the Greek minister who has been sent to Turkey to +arrange the peace, has arrived in Constantinople, but, if all reports +are true, he has not been received with the respect that he considered +his due. + +Some little annoyance at the custom-house put him so terribly out of +temper that he was on the point of turning back and refusing to enter +into any negotiations with Turkey at all. He was, however, pacified, and +is now in the Turkish capital, ready to begin work. + +The Sultan has announced positively that he does not intend to remove +his troops from Thessaly until he has something surer to rely upon than +a promise to pay the indemnity. + +He has sent supplies of winter clothing to the army, and will keep his +soldiers where they are until Greece has so arranged her affairs that he +can feel sure of being paid. + +Considering that the Powers are to take charge of the Greek treasury +until he has been paid, this conduct seems rather extraordinary, but the +Sultan is such an untrustworthy person himself that it is not to be +wondered at that he has no faith in promises or honor. + +Last week we prepared you for a surprise in regard to the settlement of +the affairs in Crete. + +His Majesty the Sultan has not kept us long waiting for it. + +Forgetting that the Cretans accepted Home Rule from the Powers, and that +the matter was supposed to have been settled, Abdul Hamid now comes +forward with a little proposal of his own. + +He suggests that all the occupants of Crete, Christians and Mussulmans +alike, shall be forced to deliver up their weapons to the Turkish +soldiers. That he, the Sultan, shall have the power to appoint whom he +pleases as governor of Crete, and shall further be empowered to form a +body of guards, half soldiers and half police, who shall have the duty +of preserving the peace of Crete. + +All this means, in so many words, that instead of a Christian governor, +Home Rule, and the payment of a yearly tribute to the Turks, the Cretans +shall go back to the old state they were in before Greece interposed. + +We shall probably hear a good deal more about Crete before the winter is +over. + + * * * * * + +England's conduct in regard to the seal question looks as if she had +been playing the old child's game of asking her pinkie finger before she +could give us a decided answer. + +From Lord Salisbury's conduct in the affair, one would suppose that he +had shut himself up in his study, and consulted the oracle: + +"Pray, my dear little finger, pray tell me whether I shall join the seal +conference or no? Yes--no--yes--no": and so on. + +He has said "yes" and "no" so many times that it looks as though he had +just come round to the pinkie again at "yes." + +After stating that the end of the five years agreed on in Paris was time +enough to consider the seal question, his lordship has now sent word to +our ambassador that England will join the United States in a conference. +The conference is to be held about the same time as the other one, but +is to have no connection with it. + +It seems a pity that England will not meet the Russian and Japanese +delegates, because they may have some interesting information to offer. +As we have said before, there was no question of discussing anything +else but the decrease of the seal herds, and Japan has expressly stated +that she will not enter into any other form of the subject. + +It is, however, a point gained that England will discuss any part of the +question, and it is to be hoped that this decision is final, and that +Lord Salisbury may not set to work to recount his fingers, and make the +pinkie come to "no" again. + + * * * * * + +There seems to be a growing desire for independence in Canada. + +The French Canadians of the Province of Quebec are urging the people to +demand complete independence from England. They have printed and +circulated an appeal to the people to rise and demand their liberty. + +We told you some time ago about England's idea of federating her +colonies. + +If this should be done, the mother country would have the right to +demand that the colonies should contribute to her wars, and help her, +and stand by her on all occasions. The federating of England and her +colonies would bind them together in much the same way that our United +States are bound together. They would be under one head and one +government, but each portion of the empire would take its share of the +profits and losses. + +It is this which has roused the Canadians of Quebec. + +Here is their complaint: "Canada, more securely chained, will be thrown +into the defensive and offensive politics of Great Britain. We will be +called upon to contribute toward the military and naval forces of that +country. We will have to give our money and our blood to defend the +interests of the noble lords who scorn us, the London merchants who +exploit us, and the deserts of Africa or the plains of India will be our +funeral pyres, where many of our people will sleep." + +These fears were aroused when, in the latter part of September, it was +announced that the Canadian Government was about to make large purchases +of guns and cannon for the defence of Montreal. + +These Canadians became afraid that they were to be drawn into some war +in which they had neither interest nor concern, and they are now anxious +to throw off the English yoke, and be free to make peace or war as they +will. + + * * * * * + +As the winter approaches, the cry of famine is once more being raised in +Ireland. + +The potato crop appears to have failed entirely, and the grain, beaten +down by storms and rain, has not ripened, but lays rotting in the fields +where it was planted. + +The cry of famine is heard from Ireland with more or less regularity +every year, and therefore some people are inclined to doubt whether this +is a genuine complaint, but from all one hears it would appear to be +only too true. + +Mr. John E. Redmund, member of Parliament for Waterford, Ireland, has +stated that the present harvest is the worst since 1879, and that there +is every reason to fear that a large portion of the Irish population +will soon be on the verge of starvation. + +To help these unfortunates, sixty-four of the Irish members joined in a +petition to ask the Government to call an extra meeting of Parliament to +vote money for the relief of the famine sufferers. + +The Queen has the right to call the British Parliament into session at +any time she deems it necessary, but for a long time it has been the +custom for it to assemble in February and remain in session until +August. + +In reply to the petition from the Irish members, the Government stated +that there did not seem to be any necessity for summoning a special +parliament to deal with the Irish troubles, as, if the worst fears for +Ireland were realized, the Government had power to use funds to relieve +the people without waiting for the consent of Parliament. + +The Irish members, in addition to asking for a special session of +Parliament, entreated the Government to lower the rents of the Irish +tenants. + +The petition stated that, in consequence of the poor crops, it was +hopeless to expect the tenants to pay their full rentals, and to avoid +the suffering and bad feeling that arises from evictions, or turning out +the people who are behind in their rents, it was begged that the +Government would lower the rents by law. + +The Government, however, absolutely declined to interfere in the matter, +and this will have to be left to the good-will of the landlords. + +Should the coming winter turn out as badly as it is feared, the chances +are that there will be more bitter feeling between England and Ireland. +The cause of the strife will be the money that England is said to owe to +Ireland. + +Some time ago the Queen appointed a committee to examine the accounts +between the two nations, and see just exactly how each country stood on +the books of the other. + +When the committee handed in its report, every one was absolutely amazed +to find that for nearly a hundred years England had been collecting +about thirteen million dollars a year from Ireland over and above the +sum which she had a right to ask for. It was further shown that the +collection of this big tax was in direct violation of a treaty between +England and Ireland. + +If the horrors of famine overtake the Emerald Isle, the Irish people +will certainly demand that this money be returned to them; but the sum +is now so enormous that England can never return it in full, and, +whatever she does for Ireland, the sister isle is sure to feel defrauded +and unhappy. + + * * * * * + +Last July we told you about a great strike that was going on in London +among the engineers. We said that the fight promised to be a long and +bitter one, because both masters and men considered themselves in the +right, and both had plenty of money to help them to stand by their +opinions. + +You will be surprised to learn that the strike is still in progress, and +grows stronger as time goes by. + +When the strike first began, but seventeen thousand men were involved in +it; but finding the masters refuse to listen to the demands of the men, +the labor unions have decided to call out the workers in thirty other +important industries. This will make about four hundred thousand men in +all on strike. + +The complaint of the men is that they want a working day of eight hours, +and do not want to work overtime unless they are paid extra for it. + +The engineer's calling is a very hard one; in some branches the men are +forced to work around boilers and furnaces where the heat is stifling. +They feel that eight hours' labor a day is as much as they should be +required to give, and that, if their employers want them to toil longer +than their regular hours, they should be willing to pay them liberally +for so doing. + +The men do not like to work overtime. When their day's work is done they +want to be able to go home and rest, and they declare that many of the +masters force the men to work after hours without reason. + +The contracts for making and building in large enterprises are nearly +always what are called time contracts. This means that the contractor +agrees to have the work finished by a certain time, and if he fails to +keep his part of the bargain he has to pay a heavy forfeit for each day +that he is behind time. + +When the time for a contract is nearly up, it is often necessary for +the men to work overtime to save the master his forfeit. + +The men contend that the masters ought to be willing to pay extra for +such service. To save them money they are asking the men to toil for +them after their full day's work is done, and when they are so tired +that it requires an extra effort to do the work. + +The leaders of the strike think that overtime is unnecessary if the work +is properly handled from the beginning, and they are anxious to make the +rate so high that masters will not ask it of their men, unless under +very unusual circumstances. + +Of late both sides have shown a disposition to settle the strike, +because many of the big contracts for work have had to be given out in +foreign countries, owing to the duration and strength of the strike; but +as neither side seems willing to give in, matters are at a standstill. + +The Prince of Wales and Mr. Gladstone have both been asked to arbitrate +the strike, but both of these great men have declined to interfere in +the matter. + +The engineers, however, realize that something must be done, so they are +trying to bring the matter to an end by calling out such a number of +other workmen that the trade of the country will be brought to a +standstill. + +There was a rumor that the engineers who work on the steamships would be +called out and forced to go on strike. If this should prove true, every +kind of business would be interfered with, for no steamers could leave +the English ports without properly certificated engineers to run them, +and no foreign mail of any sort could be sent out or brought into the +country. + +The agents of the great lines running between this country and England, +which are nearly all owned by English firms, declared that they were not +afraid of the strike hurting them. If their engineers should be called +out, they asserted that they could find plenty of men to fill their +places. + +This is all very well from the point of view of the agents seated in +their comfortable offices, but very few of us would be willing to trust +our lives on the high seas to inexperienced engineers. We do not care to +ride on the cars in times of strikes when green hands are put on to keep +them running till the trouble is over, and on the cars we can get out +any moment we feel afraid. But on the ocean it is altogether a different +matter. There is no stopping the car and getting out at the next block, +and it would probably pay the steamship companies better to agree to the +engineers' terms than to run their ships empty. + + * * * * * + +The Duchess of Marlborough (formerly Miss Consuelo Vanderbilt) is now +the happy mother of a baby son who may one day be the Duke of +Marlborough. + +When it came time to christen the infant, the Prince of Wales sent word +that he would act as godfather to the noble baby. + +The child has just been christened, and a grand ceremony was made of the +affair in the Chapel Royal, St. James' Palace, which, by the way, is the +same church in which Queen Victoria was married. + +According to the Church of England, three sponsors are necessary to the +christening of a baby. If it is a boy there must be two godfathers and +one godmother; if a girl, two godmothers and one godfather. + +It was therefore necessary to have two godfathers for this infant, who, +as eldest son of the Duke of Marlborough, is known by the title of +Marquis of Blandford. + +The Prince of Wales was one godfather and the other was Mr. W.K. +Vanderbilt, the grandfather of the baby. + +The christening was a very grand affair, and after it was over the +Prince of Wales presented the infant with a golden cup engraved with his +own name and coat of arms, and the baby's name, John Albert Edward +William, and the family coat of arms. + +It seems that the young gentleman has good manners even at this early +age, for when he was handed to his royal godfather for inspection he +never whimpered, but, seeming to realize the honor that was being done +to him, behaved with perfect propriety. + + * * * * * + +It may interest you to know that the Princess Kaiulani has arrived in +this country. + +The Princess is the daughter of Liliuokalani's sister, who married a +Hawaiian gentleman named Cleghorn. Kaiulani, who is known as Miss +Victoria Cleghorn, is said to be a very charming girl, highly educated +and amiable. She is said to be quite pretty, and to look like a Spaniard +or Cuban. + +She is passing through this country on her way to Honolulu. + +Because of the fact which we told you a little while ago that +Liliuokalani was talking of abdicating in favor of Kaiulani, every one +was anxious to find out from the young princess whether her visit to the +Sandwich Islands had anything to do with the proposed annexation. + +The young lady refused to speak on the subject. She said that she was +simply going there to visit some old friends. + +Her father, Mr. Cleghorn, who was taking her to Honolulu, declared +himself opposed to annexation, but stated positively that the trip to +Hawaii was merely a return home for his daughter, who had been finishing +her education abroad. + + * * * * * + +Affairs in Guatemala continue in an unsettled condition. + +While the Government continues to gain the upper hand, and the insurgent +leaders are being defeated and obliged to flee the country, the +condition of affairs is most distressing. + +The rebel cause was so strong that none doubted that it would succeed. +Numbers of the best people in the country sided with the rebels, and +felt so sure of their ultimate success that they did not scruple to let +it be known where their sympathies lay. + +Now that the Government and Barrios have gained the victory, there is a +panic throughout the country. + +It is felt that the dictator will deal out a heavy punishment to all who +have revolted against his rule, and in all parts of the country people +are fleeing from his wrath, leaving their houses and plantations to go +to rack and ruin. + +Our Government fears that the lives and property of our citizens in +Guatemala may be endangered in the general confusion, and therefore the +cruiser _Detroit_ has been sent down to the Gulf coast of Guatemala to +protect the interests of our citizens. + + * * * * * + +We are sorry to tell you that the forest fires are still increasing in +New York State. + +Half of the people of the town of Huron have been engaged for three +weeks in fighting the fires, but have made little or no headway. + +Forest fires are also raging on the Alleghany Mountains, and word comes +that the town of Altoona, Pa., is so shrouded in smoke from the fires +that the sun at noonday is almost invisible. + +Better news, however, comes from Nebraska. Rain has fallen there, and +the terrible drought appears to be over. The farmers are using every +moment of daylight to plough their fields and get them ready for the +fall planting. + +Showers have fallen almost daily over the State since the drought was +broken, and, in the few days that have passed, the grass that was so +terribly burned and parched has sprung up anew, until it looks quite +fresh and green again. + +The farmers are now feeling more hopeful. + + * * * * * + +We told you about a wonderful roller-boat that was being built in +Toronto. + +It was given its first trial on Saturday, and Mr. Knapp, its inventor, +declared it to be a great success. + +People who were on board this strange craft on its trial trip said that +when the machinery was put in motion the sensation was anything but +pleasant. According to their description, it seemed as if the whole ship +was being lifted into the air, and tilted to such angle that it was +bound to go over. When they, were half frightened out of their senses by +the tilting, there came a noise as if all the machinery was bursting at +the same moment, and when they had made up their minds that the whole +affair was going to pieces, the vessel began to move through the water. + +As soon as it was found that the ship really did move, and that nothing +was going to blow up, everybody began to praise her, and the trial was +pronounced a great success. + +Although at the trial the boat proved very slow, the builder is so +enthusiastic about her that he says he is confident she will be able to +move through the water at the rate of sixty miles an hour. + +If this feat is accomplished, the three thousand miles of sea that +divide us from Europe will be crossed in two days and two hours. + + G.H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS. + + + _Editor_ GREAT ROUND WORLD. + + DEAR SIR: Can you tell me more about the map-holder + mentioned in No. 47? W.J.B. + + +DEAR SIR: + +If you refer to the map-holder for bicycles, we would suggest that you +apply to A.G. Spalding & Co., Broadway, New York. EDITOR. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + Will you please explain in the next issue of THE GREAT ROUND + WORLD who are eligible to seats in the House of Lords and in + the House of Commons? By thus doing you will greatly oblige + one who is very much interested in your paper. + + + Respectfully yours, + N.R. + MORRISTOWN, N.J. + + +DEAR FRIEND: + +The House of Peers (or House of Lords) is composed of all the peers of +the United Kingdom, the representative Scottish peers, the Irish +representative peers, and the lords spiritual. + +A peer is the holder of one of the five degrees of nobility,--duke, +marquis, earl, viscount, or baron. These men have their seats in the +House of Lords by right of birth, and take possession of them when they +come of age. + +The House of Peers takes its origin from the body of lords and barons +who were summoned to the king's councils in olden times. Besides the +peers who sit in the House of Lords by right, and who are distinguished +as the lords temporal, there are twenty-six other lords who also form a +part of this body, and who are known as the lords spiritual. These are +the two English archbishops and twenty-four bishops. + +The House of Commons is composed entirely of men who are elected by the +vote of the people. + +There are no restrictions whatever of birth, education, or religion. Any +freeman who is elected can sit in the House. At one time an endeavor was +made to exclude a man who had been elected because he refused to take +the oath which is administered to all members of Parliament before they +can take their seats. This was Charles Bradlaugh. He said he did not +believe in an oath, but offered to affirm, or give his word instead. The +House of Commons refused to accept this, and Mr. Bradlaugh was not +allowed to take his seat. He afterward stated that he was willing to +take the oath as a matter of form, but this was again objected to. For +six years he struggled for his seat, and at last was allowed to take it, +after going through the form of the oath. + +A cobbler has sat in the House of Commons and helped make laws for the +people, and the members of Parliament are of all ranks and ages. + +In England, however, men of fortune and family take more interest in the +affairs of the nation than they do with us, and the majority of the +members of the House of Commons are wealthy land-owners, baronets, and +knights, who have large interests at stake, and young men of good family +who have been educated with the express idea of going into Parliament as +soon as they were able to find an opening. + + EDITOR. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + I am one of your subscribers, and think THE GREAT ROUND + WORLD a very interesting little paper. Do you think the man + that went up in the balloon will succeed in finding the + North Pole? I hope he will, and when he comes back give us a + good history of it. And do you think that Cuba will get its + freedom? I hope it will. + + Yours truly, + NEW PHILADELPHIA PA., LAURA G. + + +DEAR LAURA: + +Great fears are entertained that Professor Andrée has fallen a victim to +his love for science, and is one more of the unfortunate men who have +lost their lives in their search for the Pole. + +In regard to Cuba--unless Spain really gives the Cubans liberal home +rule that they can be happy under, they will certainly fight until they +are free. + + EDITOR. + + +We have received a batch of delightful letters from a school in Foxboro, +Mass. We take great pleasure in printing the three following. EDITOR. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + Your paper came this week. As we read the notes I thought + they were quite interesting. I should like to see one of + those meteorites you told us about. I shall be very glad + when your next paper comes, so I can read about Lieutenant + Peary. The school is going to write to you and tell you how + we liked your paper. + + Yours truly, + FOXBORO, MASS. C. IRENE B. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + We received our paper this morning. We have only read two + stories, but we think we shall like it. Our teacher read us + about Lieutenant Peary, and about the meteorites he got from + Greenland, and about the Tennessee bicycle. Each one in the + school wrote a letter. We are going to select the best ones + and send them to you. Yours truly, + + RALPH E. + FOXBORO, MASS. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + We received our paper to-day. I think we shall like THE + GREAT ROUND WORLD very much. Our teacher read about the + meteorites and the bicycles. Each one of us is writing a + letter. Yours truly, + + HARWOOD W. + + P.S.--I have hurt my right fingers and can't write very + well, but am learning to use my left hand. + + FOXBORO, MASS. + + +Every one ought to learn to write with their left hand. In England boys +and girls are taught to write with both hands. There is a book published +explaining the method. EDITOR. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + Can you give me further information relative to condensed + food described on page 1267 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD? What + the probable cost will be; where can it be obtained; how + soon before it can be bought; and any other facts you may + know relative thereto, and greatly oblige, + + Yours truly, E.A.H. + + +DEAR SIR: + +For further information about the condensed food, we would suggest that +you address the New York Condensed Food Co., New York. EDITOR. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, November 4, 1897, No. 52, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + +***** This file should be named 16175-8.txt or 16175-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/1/7/16175/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World And What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, November 4, 1897, No. 52 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: July 2, 2005 [EBook #16175] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<p><a name="Page_1543" id="Page_1543"></a></p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.png" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p> + +<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1 <span class='smcap'>November</span> 4, 1897. <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 52</b></div> + +<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1897, by <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> Publishing Company.</b></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p>The situation in Cuba remains much the same.</p> + +<p>The noteworthy event of the past week has +been a sad and unfortunate shipwreck which occurred +on October 16th.</p> + +<p>On that day a Spanish steamer was wrecked off the +coast of Pinar del Rio, while making the trip from +Havana to Bahia Honda.</p> + +<p>The <i>Triton</i>, as the steamer was called, was carrying +soldiers' ammunition, money, and mules to be used +against the Cubans in Pinar del Rio.</p> + +<p>According to all accounts the steamer was so heavily +laden that when she started her decks were only +a few feet above the level of the water.</p> + +<p>It was a very black and stormy night, and many +sailors on the dock expressed fears that the vessel +could not weather a storm in her heavily laden condition.</p> + +<p>The trip she had to make was merely a matter of +four hours, and the captain declared himself confident +of bringing his vessel safely to port.</p> + +<p>All went well till the <i>Triton</i> was within a few miles +of her destination; when off the coast of Pinar del<a name="Page_1544" id="Page_1544"></a> +Rio she ran aground.</p> + +<p>Those on board who were saved from the wreck +said that the vessel was so heavily loaded that she +was not able to take her usual course, and, because so +much deeper in the water, ran aground on a bank that +in her ordinary trips she could pass over without +difficulty.</p> + +<p>As long as the vessel had been cutting her way +through the water, the heavy lading had caused little +inconvenience, but when she grounded the waves began +to wash over her decks, and cause much alarm to +the passengers.</p> + +<p>While the vessel was in great danger, she might +still have been saved if it had not been for the mules. +These beasts, becoming panic-stricken as the waves +swept over the deck, stampeded to one side of the +vessel, causing it to list over so much that the cargo +shifted.</p> + +<p>This is one of the most terrible accidents that can +happen to a vessel.</p> + +<p>The loading of a cargo is a very important thing, +and is a business of itself. The men who direct it +must understand just how to distribute the weight +evenly in the hold, and how to pack the boxes and +bales and barrels so tightly together that they cannot +move, because if a cargo should shift it is liable to +throw the ship out of her balance, and she is in danger +of overturning and sinking.</p> + +<p>This is what happened to the <i>Triton</i>. The mules +and the shifted cargo together made such a heavy +weight on one side that she keeled over, and within +fifteen minutes of the time she first struck the bank +she sank, carrying down with her one hundred and<a name="Page_1545" id="Page_1545"></a> +fifty of the passengers and crew.</p> + +<p>The accident happened in the early dawn, when +many of the people were asleep in their berths, and +though the captain had them roused, and lowered the +boats to try and take them off the sinking ship, the +seas ran so high that the small boats were swamped, +and it was impossible to save the unfortunate passengers.</p> + +<p>The ship went down in one hundred and twenty +fathoms of water, so it is not likely that her valuable +cargo of arms and money will ever be recovered. The +loss is a serious one to Spain at this moment, when +she needs every penny she has to help her out of her +many difficulties.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>There are disquieting rumors that the Carlists +are smuggling large quantities of arms into +Spain from France, and it is thought that the long-deferred +rising will occur very shortly.</p> + +<p>Eleven thousand rifles are said to have been purchased +in Belgium by the Carlist agents during the +month of September.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>There is a vague rumor that the Queen Regent +and her new Prime Minister have arrived +at the conclusion that the only possible end to the +Cuban war will be to let the Cubans purchase the +island.</p> + +<p>There are a good many complications in the way of +this action at present, because the European finan<a name="Page_1546" id="Page_1546"></a>ciers, +about whom we have spoken to you before, have +advanced a great deal of money to Spain, the sugar +and tobacco being taken as security for the return +of their money. These people must first be reckoned +with before any agreement to free Cuba can +be made, but it is hinted by people close to the +Government that the Queen and Señor Sagasta are +considering a plan whereby they can allow Cuba +to purchase her freedom without making bad +friends with the financiers, or offending the pride of +Spain.</p> + +<p>It would seem that Señor Sagasta's policy is to +put an end to foreign wars, and gather the strength +of the Spanish army around the throne of Spain, +so that it shall be well protected against the Carlist +attack that will undoubtedly be made ere long.</p> + +<p>A report has been received that the Spanish general +in the Philippine Islands is treating with the insurgents +for peace.</p> + +<p>This report is published in one of the reliable +Spanish papers, and it states that General Primo de +Rivera has been discussing terms of peace with Emilio +Aguinaldo, the insurgent leader.</p> + +<p>The rebels have been so successful that they are +not willing to make peace unless they get very good +terms, and so they ask that all who have taken part +in the revolt shall be given a free pardon, that three +million pesetas (a peseta is worth about twenty cents) +shall be paid to the insurgent chiefs, that the Philippine +Islands shall be represented in the Spanish +Cortes, and that half the government offices in the +islands shall be held by natives. The insurgents also +demand that the power of the priests shall be les<a name="Page_1547" id="Page_1547"></a>sened, +as the rebellion was really caused by the disagreements +between the friars and the people.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>An amusing filibustering incident has occurred during +the week.</p> + +<p>The Spaniards obtained information that the Cubans +were fitting out a large expedition with arms +and men for the insurgents. They had engaged a +ship called the <i>Premier</i> for this purpose, and were +making their preparations with all possible haste and +secrecy.</p> + +<p>The Spaniards gave information to our Government, +and requested that the expedition be stopped.</p> + +<p>But the Cubans have as many spies around as the +Spaniards, and it was soon learned that the <i>Premier</i> +expedition was known to the authorities. Without +appearing to change their plans about the <i>Premier</i>, +the Cubans made a secret arrangement with another +ship called the <i>Silver Heels</i>, and prepared her to take +their cargo instead of the <i>Premier</i>.</p> + +<p>The watchful Spaniards soon found out about the +new vessel, and even learned the hour and dock at +which she was to receive her cargo.</p> + +<p>Our Government was warned, and a revenue cutter +got ready to intercept the <i>Silver Heels</i> as soon as she +should really have started on her voyage.</p> + +<p>The Cubans were attempting to load and despatch +their vessel from the port of New York, and so it was +expected that, with all the police boats and cutters +available here, it would be an easy matter to catch +and convict all concerned in the expedition.</p> + +<p>A detective was sent to watch the dock at which +<a name="Page_1548" id="Page_1548"></a>the <i>Silver Heels</i> was to be loaded. Sure enough, the +vessel slipped up to the pier as soon as night had +fallen, and the detective watched suspicious-looking +cases being hastily put on board, and suspicious-looking +characters taking passage in her. He became +convinced that a filibustering expedition was indeed +being sent out. To make quite sure, he watched +until the last of her load was put on board. The last +man had reached the deck, and the vessel, in tow of +a river tug, had once more pulled out of the dock.</p> + +<p>He then hurried down to the Battery and told what +he had seen, and with several other officers got on +board the cutter and started to intercept the <i>Silver +Heels</i> as she came down the Bay on her way to sea.</p> + +<p>To you who do not know New York Harbor, it may +be as well to explain that New York, or Manhattan, +Island lies between the Hudson River and the Sound, +an arm of the sea which is called the East River as +it flows by New York.</p> + +<p>This East River which, as it widens, becomes Long +Island Sound, separates Manhattan Island from Long +Island, which, as its name suggests, is a long strip of +land stretching along the coast for miles above and +below New York city, forming the beautiful New +York Bay and Harbor below the city, and the equally +lovely Long Island Sound above the city.</p> + +<p>The Atlantic Ocean washes the outer shore of Long +Island, and ships leaving the port of New York can +reach the sea either by going above the city through +Hell Gate and Long Island Sound, or below the city +down the Harbor and Bay, and out through the Narrows, +past Sandy Hook and Fire Island.</p> + +<p>The route to Cuba is <i>down</i> the Bay. To attempt to +<a name="Page_1549" id="Page_1549"></a>make the journey by the Sound route is to go a good +day's journey out of the way, so it never entered the +heads of the officers on the cutter that the <i>Silver Heels</i> +would start for Cuba by any such out-of-the-way +route.</p> + +<p>Putting off from the Battery, which is the extreme +lower point of New York city, they steamed up and +down the Bay, looking out for their prize.</p> + +<p>The <i>Silver Heels</i> did not put in an appearance, +however, and after waiting about three hours, the +officers decided to go up the East River, and intercept +the vessel while she was still in the river.</p> + +<p>The night was dark, and the river full of shipping, +but every craft that approached was carefully inspected, +and still no <i>Silver Heels</i> was discovered.</p> + +<p>After several tedious hours of waiting had been +passed, the officers decided to steam up to the wharf +and find out what had happened to the ship.</p> + +<p>On reaching the pier it was learned, to the consternation +of the marshals, that the <i>Silver Heels</i> had +cleared nearly four hours before, and had been towed +up the Sound, instead of down the Bay.</p> + +<p>With such a start as that it was felt to be useless +to attempt to overtake her, and the marshals left the +cutter, and returned to their homes, wiser but sadder +men.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The young Cuban, Miss Evangelina Cisneros, +about whom we told you last week, has lost no +time in putting herself under the protection of our +flag.</p> + +<p>The very morning of her arrival she went down to +the County Court-House in City Hall Park, and there +<a name="Page_1550" id="Page_1550"></a>declared her intention of becoming an American +citizen.</p> + +<p>It is a very unusual thing for foreign-born women +to become naturalized Americans. They rarely do +so unless they wish to hold property in this country, +for, having no vote or voice in the conduct of the Government, +it is not so necessary for them to become +citizens of their adopted country. When a woman +marries she assumes the nationality of her husband, +and can hold any property by right of her marriage, +and the fact that all foreign women who marry Americans +become Americans by their marriage is another +reason why it is rarely necessary for women to +take out their naturalization papers.</p> + +<p>Miss Cisneros was, however, afraid that the Spanish +Government might insist that the United States +should send her back to her prison in Cuba, and so +she hastened to give up her allegiance to Spain, and +shelter herself under the protection of the American +Government.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>For some time past there has been a terrible epidemic +of yellow fever in the South.</p> + +<p>An epidemic means a disease that affects a large +number of people at the same time and is widely +spread.</p> + +<p>The disease was first noticed in a little summer +watering-place not far from New Orleans. It was not +recognized as yellow fever, the doctors thinking it a +harmless little summer fever, of which the symptoms +are very similar.</p> + +<p>Little by little the disease gained headway, until +<a name="Page_1551" id="Page_1551"></a>by the time its true character was understood it had +taken a hold on the people and had become difficult +to stamp out.</p> + +<p>The strictest quarantine regulations were enforced +as soon as the sickness was proved to be true yellow +fever, even the passengers on the trains being inspected +and closely watched before they were allowed +to pass from infected districts to those which were +free from the dreaded disease. With all the care it +continued to increase, and has not yet been controlled.</p> + +<p>On such occasions the scientists are always very +busy. While some of the doctors are trying to cure +the disease, others are busy preventing the sick persons +from carrying the contagion to other places, and +others again are occupied in trying to find the cause +of the epidemic, and how to prevent it in future.</p> + +<p>One of the scientists who have been working to +prevent the disease has discovered the microbe which +causes yellow fever, and claims that an epidemic can +in future be prevented by inoculating people with it +in the same way that they are now vaccinated for +small-pox.</p> + +<p>Small-pox was at one time a scourge throughout +the world, and fearful outbreaks of this plague would +occur wherever numbers of people were gathered +together.</p> + +<p>About the year 1718 an English lady travelling in +Turkey noticed that inoculation was practised in that +country with the greatest success, and that epidemics +were greatly prevented thereby.</p> + +<p>This lady, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, introduced +the practice into England.<a name="Page_1552" id="Page_1552"></a></p> + +<p>The idea was to introduce into the blood the germs +of the dreaded disease, practically giving the patient +a slight attack of small-pox, which made him proof +against another attack.</p> + +<p>Inoculation was, however, objected to, because +sometimes the person operated on took the disease in +its violent form, and died from the results.</p> + +<p>The fact, however, remained that people who +had been inoculated were not liable to take the +disease again, and so much good resulted that the +physicians were constantly seeking a means of inoculating +that would insure only a mild form of the +disease.</p> + +<p>The problem was at last solved by the great English +physician, Edward Jenner, in 1798.</p> + +<p>He found that a form of small-pox was prevalent +among cows, and that by taking the germs of this +disease, which was called cow-pox, and putting them +into the blood of human beings, he could produce a +mild form of small-pox, which never assumed a dangerous +character, and yet prevented the person treated +from taking the real deadly small-pox.</p> + +<p>From this experiment vaccination, as we know it +to-day, resulted. The practice was given this name +in France; the word is derived from <i>vacca</i>, the Latin +for cow.</p> + +<p>Since vaccination became general, the decrease in +the rate of deaths from small-pox has been wonderful, +and there has not been one serious epidemic +where the practice has been followed.</p> + +<p>Yellow fever is a much worse enemy to all people +who live in warm climates than small-pox. It is a +terrible disease, and often kills its victims in a few +<a name="Page_1553" id="Page_1553"></a>hours. All sailors and travellers in southern countries +have to meet with the scourge, the sailors calling +it familiarly "Yellow Jack."</p> + +<p>If it is indeed true that by inoculation people can +be made proof against this awful disease, it will be +one of the greatest blessings this wonderful century +has given to man.</p> + +<p>As we have said, yellow fever visits our southern +shores every year, though happily not often in an +epidemic form. The Government has therefore sent +an expert down to the affected districts to discover, if +possible, where this disease comes from, and ascertain +the best means of preventing it.</p> + +<p>Dr. John Guiteras was chosen as the best man to +send, and he reports that it is from Cuba that this +unwelcome visitor makes its yearly call on us.</p> + +<p>The doctor declares that the sanitary conditions in +Cuba are dreadful. He says that nothing is done to +keep the cities clean or healthy. The drainage in +Havana is of the worst possible description, and in +times of epidemic no attempt is made to prevent the +spread of disease.</p> + +<p>There is such constant communication between +Cuba and the United States that our Government +has been obliged to keep three health officers in the +island to report on the state of things and enforce +quarantine regulations when necessary.</p> + +<p>Yellow fever breaks out regularly every year in +Cuba, and the doctor declares that it would be an +excellent thing for us if the Cubans were allowed +to purchase their freedom under our protection, +as we might then be able to induce them to put +their country in a properly healthy condition, and +<a name="Page_1554" id="Page_1554"></a>save ourselves the trouble and cost of yellow-fever +epidemics.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Prince Mavrocordato, the Greek minister +who has been sent to Turkey to arrange the +peace, has arrived in Constantinople, but, if all reports +are true, he has not been received with the respect +that he considered his due.</p> + +<p>Some little annoyance at the custom-house put him +so terribly out of temper that he was on the point of +turning back and refusing to enter into any negotiations +with Turkey at all. He was, however, pacified, +and is now in the Turkish capital, ready to begin +work.</p> + +<p>The Sultan has announced positively that he does +not intend to remove his troops from Thessaly until +he has something surer to rely upon than a promise +to pay the indemnity.</p> + +<p>He has sent supplies of winter clothing to the +army, and will keep his soldiers where they are until +Greece has so arranged her affairs that he can feel +sure of being paid.</p> + +<p>Considering that the Powers are to take charge of +the Greek treasury until he has been paid, this conduct +seems rather extraordinary, but the Sultan is +such an untrustworthy person himself that it is not +to be wondered at that he has no faith in promises or +honor.</p> + +<p>Last week we prepared you for a surprise in regard +to the settlement of the affairs in Crete.</p> + +<p>His Majesty the Sultan has not kept us long waiting +for it.<a name="Page_1555" id="Page_1555"></a></p> + +<p>Forgetting that the Cretans accepted Home Rule +from the Powers, and that the matter was supposed +to have been settled, Abdul Hamid now comes forward +with a little proposal of his own.</p> + +<p>He suggests that all the occupants of Crete, Christians +and Mussulmans alike, shall be forced to deliver +up their weapons to the Turkish soldiers. That he, +the Sultan, shall have the power to appoint whom he +pleases as governor of Crete, and shall further be +empowered to form a body of guards, half soldiers +and half police, who shall have the duty of preserving +the peace of Crete.</p> + +<p>All this means, in so many words, that instead of +a Christian governor, Home Rule, and the payment +of a yearly tribute to the Turks, the Cretans shall go +back to the old state they were in before Greece +interposed.</p> + +<p>We shall probably hear a good deal more about +Crete before the winter is over.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>England's conduct in regard to the seal question +looks as if she had been playing the old +child's game of asking her pinkie finger before she +could give us a decided answer.</p> + +<p>From Lord Salisbury's conduct in the affair, one +would suppose that he had shut himself up in his +study, and consulted the oracle:</p> + +<p>"Pray, my dear little finger, pray tell me whether I +shall join the seal conference or no? Yes—no—yes—no": +and so on.</p> + +<p>He has said "yes" and "no" so many times that it +looks as though he had just come round to the pinkie +again at "yes."<a name="Page_1556" id="Page_1556"></a></p> + +<p>After stating that the end of the five years agreed +on in Paris was time enough to consider the seal question, +his lordship has now sent word to our ambassador +that England will join the United States in a +conference. The conference is to be held about the +same time as the other one, but is to have no connection +with it.</p> + +<p>It seems a pity that England will not meet the +Russian and Japanese delegates, because they may +have some interesting information to offer. As we +have said before, there was no question of discussing +anything else but the decrease of the seal herds, and +Japan has expressly stated that she will not enter into +any other form of the subject.</p> + +<p>It is, however, a point gained that England will +discuss any part of the question, and it is to be hoped +that this decision is final, and that Lord Salisbury +may not set to work to recount his fingers, and make +the pinkie come to "no" again.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>There seems to be a growing desire for independence +in Canada.</p> + +<p>The French Canadians of the Province of Quebec +are urging the people to demand complete independence +from England. They have printed and circulated +an appeal to the people to rise and demand their +liberty.</p> + +<p>We told you some time ago about England's idea +of federating her colonies.</p> + +<p>If this should be done, the mother country would +have the right to demand that the colonies should +contribute to her wars, and help her, and stand by +<a name="Page_1557" id="Page_1557"></a>her on all occasions. The federating of England and +her colonies would bind them together in much the +same way that our United States are bound together. +They would be under one head and one government, +but each portion of the empire would take its share +of the profits and losses.</p> + +<p>It is this which has roused the Canadians of Quebec.</p> + +<p>Here is their complaint: "Canada, more securely +chained, will be thrown into the defensive and offensive +politics of Great Britain. We will be called +upon to contribute toward the military and naval +forces of that country. We will have to give our +money and our blood to defend the interests of the +noble lords who scorn us, the London merchants who +exploit us, and the deserts of Africa or the plains of +India will be our funeral pyres, where many of our +people will sleep."</p> + +<p>These fears were aroused when, in the latter part +of September, it was announced that the Canadian +Government was about to make large purchases of +guns and cannon for the defence of Montreal.</p> + +<p>These Canadians became afraid that they were to +be drawn into some war in which they had neither +interest nor concern, and they are now anxious to +throw off the English yoke, and be free to make peace +or war as they will.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>As the winter approaches, the cry of famine is once +more being raised in Ireland.</p> + +<p>The potato crop appears to have failed entirely, and +the grain, beaten down by storms and rain, has not +ripened, but lays rotting in the fields where it was +planted.<a name="Page_1558" id="Page_1558"></a></p> + +<p>The cry of famine is heard from Ireland with more +or less regularity every year, and therefore some people +are inclined to doubt whether this is a genuine +complaint, but from all one hears it would appear to +be only too true.</p> + +<p>Mr. John E. Redmund, member of Parliament for +Waterford, Ireland, has stated that the present harvest +is the worst since 1879, and that there is every +reason to fear that a large portion of the Irish population +will soon be on the verge of starvation.</p> + +<p>To help these unfortunates, sixty-four of the Irish +members joined in a petition to ask the Government +to call an extra meeting of Parliament to vote money +for the relief of the famine sufferers.</p> + +<p>The Queen has the right to call the British Parliament +into session at any time she deems it necessary, +but for a long time it has been the custom for it to +assemble in February and remain in session until +August.</p> + +<p>In reply to the petition from the Irish members, +the Government stated that there did not seem to be +any necessity for summoning a special parliament to +deal with the Irish troubles, as, if the worst fears for +Ireland were realized, the Government had power to +use funds to relieve the people without waiting for +the consent of Parliament.</p> + +<p>The Irish members, in addition to asking for a +special session of Parliament, entreated the Government +to lower the rents of the Irish tenants.</p> + +<p>The petition stated that, in consequence of the poor +crops, it was hopeless to expect the tenants to pay +their full rentals, and to avoid the suffering and bad +feeling that arises from evictions, or turning out the +<a name="Page_1559" id="Page_1559"></a>people who are behind in their rents, it was begged +that the Government would lower the rents by law.</p> + +<p>The Government, however, absolutely declined to +interfere in the matter, and this will have to be left +to the good-will of the landlords.</p> + +<p>Should the coming winter turn out as badly as it is +feared, the chances are that there will be more bitter +feeling between England and Ireland. The cause of +the strife will be the money that England is said to +owe to Ireland.</p> + +<p>Some time ago the Queen appointed a committee to +examine the accounts between the two nations, and +see just exactly how each country stood on the books +of the other.</p> + +<p>When the committee handed in its report, every +one was absolutely amazed to find that for nearly a +hundred years England had been collecting about +thirteen million dollars a year from Ireland over and +above the sum which she had a right to ask for. It +was further shown that the collection of this big tax +was in direct violation of a treaty between England +and Ireland.</p> + +<p>If the horrors of famine overtake the Emerald Isle, +the Irish people will certainly demand that this +money be returned to them; but the sum is now so +enormous that England can never return it in full, +and, whatever she does for Ireland, the sister isle is +sure to feel defrauded and unhappy.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Last July we told you about a great strike that was +going on in London among the engineers. We +said that the fight promised to be a long and bitter +<a name="Page_1560" id="Page_1560"></a>one, because both masters and men considered themselves +in the right, and both had plenty of money to +help them to stand by their opinions.</p> + +<p>You will be surprised to learn that the strike is +still in progress, and grows stronger as time goes by.</p> + +<p>When the strike first began, but seventeen thousand +men were involved in it; but finding the masters +refuse to listen to the demands of the men, the labor +unions have decided to call out the workers in thirty +other important industries. This will make about +four hundred thousand men in all on strike.</p> + +<p>The complaint of the men is that they want a working +day of eight hours, and do not want to work overtime +unless they are paid extra for it.</p> + +<p>The engineer's calling is a very hard one; in some +branches the men are forced to work around boilers +and furnaces where the heat is stifling. They feel +that eight hours' labor a day is as much as they +should be required to give, and that, if their employers +want them to toil longer than their regular hours, +they should be willing to pay them liberally for so +doing.</p> + +<p>The men do not like to work overtime. When their +day's work is done they want to be able to go home +and rest, and they declare that many of the masters +force the men to work after hours without reason.</p> + +<p>The contracts for making and building in large enterprises +are nearly always what are called time contracts. +This means that the contractor agrees to +have the work finished by a certain time, and if he +fails to keep his part of the bargain he has to pay a +heavy forfeit for each day that he is behind time.</p> + +<p>When the time for a contract is nearly up, it is +<a name="Page_1561" id="Page_1561"></a>often necessary for the men to work overtime to save +the master his forfeit.</p> + +<p>The men contend that the masters ought to be willing +to pay extra for such service. To save them +money they are asking the men to toil for them after +their full day's work is done, and when they are +so tired that it requires an extra effort to do the +work.</p> + +<p>The leaders of the strike think that overtime is unnecessary +if the work is properly handled from the +beginning, and they are anxious to make the rate so +high that masters will not ask it of their men, unless +under very unusual circumstances.</p> + +<p>Of late both sides have shown a disposition to settle +the strike, because many of the big contracts for +work have had to be given out in foreign countries, +owing to the duration and strength of the strike; but +as neither side seems willing to give in, matters are +at a standstill.</p> + +<p>The Prince of Wales and Mr. Gladstone have both +been asked to arbitrate the strike, but both of these +great men have declined to interfere in the matter.</p> + +<p>The engineers, however, realize that something +must be done, so they are trying to bring the matter +to an end by calling out such a number of other workmen +that the trade of the country will be brought to +a standstill.</p> + +<p>There was a rumor that the engineers who work on +the steamships would be called out and forced to go +on strike. If this should prove true, every kind of +business would be interfered with, for no steamers +could leave the English ports without properly certificated +engineers to run them, and no foreign mail +<a name="Page_1562" id="Page_1562"></a>of any sort could be sent out or brought into the +country.</p> + +<p>The agents of the great lines running between this +country and England, which are nearly all owned by +English firms, declared that they were not afraid of +the strike hurting them. If their engineers should +be called out, they asserted that they could find +plenty of men to fill their places.</p> + +<p>This is all very well from the point of view of the +agents seated in their comfortable offices, but very +few of us would be willing to trust our lives on the +high seas to inexperienced engineers. We do not +care to ride on the cars in times of strikes when green +hands are put on to keep them running till the trouble +is over, and on the cars we can get out any moment +we feel afraid. But on the ocean it is altogether a +different matter. There is no stopping the car and +getting out at the next block, and it would probably +pay the steamship companies better to agree to the +engineers' terms than to run their ships empty.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The Duchess of Marlborough (formerly Miss +Consuelo Vanderbilt) is now the happy mother +of a baby son who may one day be the Duke of Marlborough.</p> + +<p>When it came time to christen the infant, the Prince +of Wales sent word that he would act as godfather to +the noble baby.</p> + +<p>The child has just been christened, and a grand +ceremony was made of the affair in the Chapel Royal, +St. James' Palace, which, by the way, is the same +church in which Queen Victoria was married.<a name="Page_1563" id="Page_1563"></a></p> + +<p>According to the Church of England, three sponsors +are necessary to the christening of a baby. If it is a +boy there must be two godfathers and one godmother; +if a girl, two godmothers and one godfather.</p> + +<p>It was therefore necessary to have two godfathers +for this infant, who, as eldest son of the Duke of +Marlborough, is known by the title of Marquis of +Blandford.</p> + +<p>The Prince of Wales was one godfather and the +other was Mr. W.K. Vanderbilt, the grandfather of +the baby.</p> + +<p>The christening was a very grand affair, and after +it was over the Prince of Wales presented the infant +with a golden cup engraved with his own name and +coat of arms, and the baby's name, John Albert Edward +William, and the family coat of arms.</p> + +<p>It seems that the young gentleman has good manners +even at this early age, for when he was handed +to his royal godfather for inspection he never whimpered, +but, seeming to realize the honor that was +being done to him, behaved with perfect propriety.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>It may interest you to know that the Princess Kaiulani +has arrived in this country.</p> + +<p>The Princess is the daughter of Liliuokalani's sister, +who married a Hawaiian gentleman named Cleghorn. +Kaiulani, who is known as Miss Victoria +Cleghorn, is said to be a very charming girl, highly +educated and amiable. She is said to be quite pretty, +and to look like a Spaniard or Cuban.</p> + +<p>She is passing through this country on her way to +Honolulu.<a name="Page_1564" id="Page_1564"></a></p> + +<p>Because of the fact which we told you a little while +ago that Liliuokalani was talking of abdicating in +favor of Kaiulani, every one was anxious to find out +from the young princess whether her visit to the +Sandwich Islands had anything to do with the proposed +annexation.</p> + +<p>The young lady refused to speak on the subject. +She said that she was simply going there to visit +some old friends.</p> + +<p>Her father, Mr. Cleghorn, who was taking her to +Honolulu, declared himself opposed to annexation, +but stated positively that the trip to Hawaii was +merely a return home for his daughter, who had been +finishing her education abroad.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Affairs in Guatemala continue in an unsettled +condition.</p> + +<p>While the Government continues to gain the upper +hand, and the insurgent leaders are being defeated +and obliged to flee the country, the condition of +affairs is most distressing.</p> + +<p>The rebel cause was so strong that none doubted +that it would succeed. Numbers of the best people +in the country sided with the rebels, and felt so sure +of their ultimate success that they did not scruple to +let it be known where their sympathies lay.</p> + +<p>Now that the Government and Barrios have gained +the victory, there is a panic throughout the country.</p> + +<p>It is felt that the dictator will deal out a heavy +punishment to all who have revolted against his rule, +and in all parts of the country people are fleeing from +his wrath, leaving their houses and plantations to +go to rack and ruin.<a name="Page_1565" id="Page_1565"></a></p> + +<p>Our Government fears that the lives and property +of our citizens in Guatemala may be endangered in +the general confusion, and therefore the cruiser <i>Detroit</i> +has been sent down to the Gulf coast of Guatemala to +protect the interests of our citizens.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>We are sorry to tell you that the forest fires are +still increasing in New York State.</p> + +<p>Half of the people of the town of Huron have been +engaged for three weeks in fighting the fires, but have +made little or no headway.</p> + +<p>Forest fires are also raging on the Alleghany Mountains, +and word comes that the town of Altoona, Pa., +is so shrouded in smoke from the fires that the sun +at noonday is almost invisible.</p> + +<p>Better news, however, comes from Nebraska. Rain +has fallen there, and the terrible drought appears to +be over. The farmers are using every moment of +daylight to plough their fields and get them ready for +the fall planting.</p> + +<p>Showers have fallen almost daily over the State +since the drought was broken, and, in the few days +that have passed, the grass that was so terribly burned +and parched has sprung up anew, until it looks quite +fresh and green again.</p> + +<p>The farmers are now feeling more hopeful.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>We told you about a wonderful roller-boat that +was being built in Toronto.</p> + +<p>It was given its first trial on Saturday, and Mr. +Knapp, its inventor, declared it to be a great success.<a name="Page_1566" id="Page_1566"></a></p> + +<p>People who were on board this strange craft on its +trial trip said that when the machinery was put in +motion the sensation was anything but pleasant. +According to their description, it seemed as if the +whole ship was being lifted into the air, and tilted to +such angle that it was bound to go over. When they, +were half frightened out of their senses by the tilting, +there came a noise as if all the machinery was bursting +at the same moment, and when they had made up +their minds that the whole affair was going to pieces, +the vessel began to move through the water.</p> + +<p>As soon as it was found that the ship really did +move, and that nothing was going to blow up, everybody +began to praise her, and the trial was pronounced +a great success.</p> + +<p>Although at the trial the boat proved very slow, +the builder is so enthusiastic about her that he says +he is confident she will be able to move through the +water at the rate of sixty miles an hour.</p> + +<p>If this feat is accomplished, the three thousand +miles of sea that divide us from Europe will be crossed +in two days and two hours.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 19.5em;">G.H.</span> <span class="smcap">Rosenfeld.</span><br /> +<a name="Page_1567" id="Page_1567"></a></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS.</h2> + + +<div class="blockquot"><i>Editor</i> <span class="smcap">Great Round World</span>.<br /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>: Can you tell me more about the map-holder +mentioned in No. 47? W.J.B.</p><br /></div> + + +<div><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:</div> + +<p>If you refer to the map-holder for bicycles, we +would suggest that you apply to A.G. Spalding & +Co., Broadway, New York. <span class="smcap">Editor</span>.<br /><br /></p> + + +<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>: + +<p>Will you please explain in the next issue of <span class="smcap">The +Great Round World</span> who are eligible to seats in the +House of Lords and in the House of Commons? By +thus doing you will greatly oblige one who is very much +interested in your paper.</p> + +<p> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 22em;">Respectfully yours,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">N.R.</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Morristown, N.J.</span><br /> +</p><br /></div> + + +<div><span class="smcap">Dear Friend</span>:</div> + +<p>The House of Peers (or House of Lords) is composed +of all the peers of the United Kingdom, the +representative Scottish peers, the Irish representative +peers, and the lords spiritual.</p> + +<p>A peer is the holder of one of the five degrees of +nobility,—duke, marquis, earl, viscount, or baron. +These men have their seats in the House of Lords +by right of birth, and take possession of them when +they come of age.</p> + +<p>The House of Peers takes its origin from the body +of lords and barons who were summoned to the king's +councils in olden times. Besides the peers who sit +in the House of Lords by right, and who are distin<a name="Page_1568" id="Page_1568"></a>guished +as the lords temporal, there are twenty-six +other lords who also form a part of this body, and +who are known as the lords spiritual. These are the +two English archbishops and twenty-four bishops.</p> + +<p>The House of Commons is composed entirely of +men who are elected by the vote of the people.</p> + +<p>There are no restrictions whatever of birth, education, +or religion. Any freeman who is elected can sit +in the House. At one time an endeavor was made to +exclude a man who had been elected because he refused +to take the oath which is administered to all +members of Parliament before they can take their +seats. This was Charles Bradlaugh. He said he +did not believe in an oath, but offered to affirm, or +give his word instead. The House of Commons refused +to accept this, and Mr. Bradlaugh was not +allowed to take his seat. He afterward stated that +he was willing to take the oath as a matter of form, +but this was again objected to. For six years he +struggled for his seat, and at last was allowed to take +it, after going through the form of the oath.</p> + +<p>A cobbler has sat in the House of Commons and +helped make laws for the people, and the members of +Parliament are of all ranks and ages.</p> + +<p>In England, however, men of fortune and family +take more interest in the affairs of the nation than +they do with us, and the majority of the members of +the House of Commons are wealthy land-owners, +baronets, and knights, who have large interests at +stake, and young men of good family who have been +educated with the express idea of going into Parliament +as soon as they were able to find an opening.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">E</span><span class="smcap">ditor.</span><br /> +<br /><a name="Page_1569" id="Page_1569"></a></p> +<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>: + +<p>I am one of your subscribers, and think <span class="smcap">The Great +Round World</span> a very interesting little paper. Do you +think the man that went up in the balloon will succeed +in finding the North Pole? I hope he will, and when +he comes back give us a good history of it. And do you +think that Cuba will get its freedom? I hope it will.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 22em;">Yours truly,</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">New Philadelphia Pa., Laura G</span>.<br /><br /> +</p></div> + + +<div><span class="smcap">Dear Laura</span>:</div> + +<p>Great fears are entertained that Professor Andrée +has fallen a victim to his love for science, and is +one more of the unfortunate men who have lost their +lives in their search for the Pole.</p> + +<p>In regard to Cuba—unless Spain really gives the +Cubans liberal home rule that they can be happy +under, they will certainly fight until they are free.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">E</span><span class="smcap">ditor.</span><br /><br /> +</p> + + +<p>We have received a batch of delightful letters from +a school in Foxboro, Mass. We take great pleasure +in printing the three following. <span class="smcap">Editor.</span></p> + + +<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>: + +<p>Your paper came this week. As we read the notes I +thought they were quite interesting. I should like to +see one of those meteorites you told us about. I shall be +very glad when your next paper comes, so I can read +about Lieutenant Peary. The school is going to write +to you and tell you how we liked your paper.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 22em;">Yours truly,</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Foxboro, Mass. C. Irene B</span>.<br /> +</p><br /></div> + + +<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>: + +<p>We received our paper this morning. We have only +<a name="Page_1570" id="Page_1570"></a>read two stories, but we think we shall like it. Our +teacher read us about Lieutenant Peary, and about the +meteorites he got from Greenland, and about the Tennessee +bicycle. Each one in the school wrote a letter. +We are going to select the best ones and send them to +you. + Yours truly,</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">R</span><span class="smcap">alph E.</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Foxboro, Mass.</span><br /> +</p></div> + + +<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>: + +<p>We received our paper to-day. I think we shall like +<span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> very much. Our teacher read +about the meteorites and the bicycles. Each one of us is +writing a letter. Yours truly,</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">H</span><span class="smcap">arwood W.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>P.S.—I have hurt my right fingers and can't write +very well, but am learning to use my left hand.</p> + + +<span class="smcap">Foxboro, Mass.</span><br /> +<br /><br /></div> + + +<p>Every one ought to learn to write with their left +hand. In England boys and girls are taught to write +with both hands. There is a book published explaining +the method. <span class="smcap">Editor</span>.<br /><br /></p> + + + +<div class="blockquot"><span class="smcap">Dear Editor</span>: + +<p>Can you give me further information relative to condensed +food described on page 1267 of <span class="smcap">The Great +Round World</span>? What the probable cost will be; +where can it be obtained; how soon before it can be +bought; and any other facts you may know relative +thereto, and greatly oblige,</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 28em;">Yours truly, E.A.H.</span><br /> +</p></div> + + +<div><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:</div> + +<p>For further information about the condensed food, +we would suggest that you address the New York +Condensed Food Co., New York. <span class="smcap">Editor</span>.</p> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, November 4, 1897, No. 52, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + +***** This file should be named 16175-h.htm or 16175-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/1/7/16175/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World And What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, November 4, 1897, No. 52 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: July 2, 2005 [EBook #16175] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 NOVEMBER 4, 1897. NO. 52 + +=Copyright, 1897, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.= + + +The situation in Cuba remains much the same. + +The noteworthy event of the past week has been a sad and unfortunate +shipwreck which occurred on October 16th. + +On that day a Spanish steamer was wrecked off the coast of Pinar del +Rio, while making the trip from Havana to Bahia Honda. + +The _Triton_, as the steamer was called, was carrying soldiers' +ammunition, money, and mules to be used against the Cubans in Pinar del +Rio. + +According to all accounts the steamer was so heavily laden that when she +started her decks were only a few feet above the level of the water. + +It was a very black and stormy night, and many sailors on the dock +expressed fears that the vessel could not weather a storm in her heavily +laden condition. + +The trip she had to make was merely a matter of four hours, and the +captain declared himself confident of bringing his vessel safely to +port. + +All went well till the _Triton_ was within a few miles of her +destination; when off the coast of Pinar del Rio she ran aground. + +Those on board who were saved from the wreck said that the vessel was so +heavily loaded that she was not able to take her usual course, and, +because so much deeper in the water, ran aground on a bank that in her +ordinary trips she could pass over without difficulty. + +As long as the vessel had been cutting her way through the water, the +heavy lading had caused little inconvenience, but when she grounded the +waves began to wash over her decks, and cause much alarm to the +passengers. + +While the vessel was in great danger, she might still have been saved if +it had not been for the mules. These beasts, becoming panic-stricken as +the waves swept over the deck, stampeded to one side of the vessel, +causing it to list over so much that the cargo shifted. + +This is one of the most terrible accidents that can happen to a vessel. + +The loading of a cargo is a very important thing, and is a business of +itself. The men who direct it must understand just how to distribute the +weight evenly in the hold, and how to pack the boxes and bales and +barrels so tightly together that they cannot move, because if a cargo +should shift it is liable to throw the ship out of her balance, and she +is in danger of overturning and sinking. + +This is what happened to the _Triton_. The mules and the shifted cargo +together made such a heavy weight on one side that she keeled over, and +within fifteen minutes of the time she first struck the bank she sank, +carrying down with her one hundred and fifty of the passengers and crew. + +The accident happened in the early dawn, when many of the people were +asleep in their berths, and though the captain had them roused, and +lowered the boats to try and take them off the sinking ship, the seas +ran so high that the small boats were swamped, and it was impossible to +save the unfortunate passengers. + +The ship went down in one hundred and twenty fathoms of water, so it is +not likely that her valuable cargo of arms and money will ever be +recovered. The loss is a serious one to Spain at this moment, when she +needs every penny she has to help her out of her many difficulties. + + * * * * * + +There are disquieting rumors that the Carlists are smuggling large +quantities of arms into Spain from France, and it is thought that the +long-deferred rising will occur very shortly. + +Eleven thousand rifles are said to have been purchased in Belgium by the +Carlist agents during the month of September. + + * * * * * + +There is a vague rumor that the Queen Regent and her new Prime Minister +have arrived at the conclusion that the only possible end to the Cuban +war will be to let the Cubans purchase the island. + +There are a good many complications in the way of this action at +present, because the European financiers, about whom we have spoken to +you before, have advanced a great deal of money to Spain, the sugar and +tobacco being taken as security for the return of their money. These +people must first be reckoned with before any agreement to free Cuba can +be made, but it is hinted by people close to the Government that the +Queen and Senor Sagasta are considering a plan whereby they can allow +Cuba to purchase her freedom without making bad friends with the +financiers, or offending the pride of Spain. + +It would seem that Senor Sagasta's policy is to put an end to foreign +wars, and gather the strength of the Spanish army around the throne of +Spain, so that it shall be well protected against the Carlist attack +that will undoubtedly be made ere long. + +A report has been received that the Spanish general in the Philippine +Islands is treating with the insurgents for peace. + +This report is published in one of the reliable Spanish papers, and it +states that General Primo de Rivera has been discussing terms of peace +with Emilio Aguinaldo, the insurgent leader. + +The rebels have been so successful that they are not willing to make +peace unless they get very good terms, and so they ask that all who have +taken part in the revolt shall be given a free pardon, that three +million pesetas (a peseta is worth about twenty cents) shall be paid to +the insurgent chiefs, that the Philippine Islands shall be represented +in the Spanish Cortes, and that half the government offices in the +islands shall be held by natives. The insurgents also demand that the +power of the priests shall be lessened, as the rebellion was really +caused by the disagreements between the friars and the people. + + * * * * * + +An amusing filibustering incident has occurred during the week. + +The Spaniards obtained information that the Cubans were fitting out a +large expedition with arms and men for the insurgents. They had engaged +a ship called the _Premier_ for this purpose, and were making their +preparations with all possible haste and secrecy. + +The Spaniards gave information to our Government, and requested that the +expedition be stopped. + +But the Cubans have as many spies around as the Spaniards, and it was +soon learned that the _Premier_ expedition was known to the authorities. +Without appearing to change their plans about the _Premier_, the Cubans +made a secret arrangement with another ship called the _Silver Heels_, +and prepared her to take their cargo instead of the _Premier_. + +The watchful Spaniards soon found out about the new vessel, and even +learned the hour and dock at which she was to receive her cargo. + +Our Government was warned, and a revenue cutter got ready to intercept +the _Silver Heels_ as soon as she should really have started on her +voyage. + +The Cubans were attempting to load and despatch their vessel from the +port of New York, and so it was expected that, with all the police boats +and cutters available here, it would be an easy matter to catch and +convict all concerned in the expedition. + +A detective was sent to watch the dock at which the _Silver Heels_ was +to be loaded. Sure enough, the vessel slipped up to the pier as soon as +night had fallen, and the detective watched suspicious-looking cases +being hastily put on board, and suspicious-looking characters taking +passage in her. He became convinced that a filibustering expedition was +indeed being sent out. To make quite sure, he watched until the last of +her load was put on board. The last man had reached the deck, and the +vessel, in tow of a river tug, had once more pulled out of the dock. + +He then hurried down to the Battery and told what he had seen, and with +several other officers got on board the cutter and started to intercept +the _Silver Heels_ as she came down the Bay on her way to sea. + +To you who do not know New York Harbor, it may be as well to explain +that New York, or Manhattan, Island lies between the Hudson River and +the Sound, an arm of the sea which is called the East River as it flows +by New York. + +This East River which, as it widens, becomes Long Island Sound, +separates Manhattan Island from Long Island, which, as its name +suggests, is a long strip of land stretching along the coast for miles +above and below New York city, forming the beautiful New York Bay and +Harbor below the city, and the equally lovely Long Island Sound above +the city. + +The Atlantic Ocean washes the outer shore of Long Island, and ships +leaving the port of New York can reach the sea either by going above the +city through Hell Gate and Long Island Sound, or below the city down the +Harbor and Bay, and out through the Narrows, past Sandy Hook and Fire +Island. + +The route to Cuba is _down_ the Bay. To attempt to make the journey by +the Sound route is to go a good day's journey out of the way, so it +never entered the heads of the officers on the cutter that the _Silver +Heels_ would start for Cuba by any such out-of-the-way route. + +Putting off from the Battery, which is the extreme lower point of New +York city, they steamed up and down the Bay, looking out for their +prize. + +The _Silver Heels_ did not put in an appearance, however, and after +waiting about three hours, the officers decided to go up the East River, +and intercept the vessel while she was still in the river. + +The night was dark, and the river full of shipping, but every craft that +approached was carefully inspected, and still no _Silver Heels_ was +discovered. + +After several tedious hours of waiting had been passed, the officers +decided to steam up to the wharf and find out what had happened to the +ship. + +On reaching the pier it was learned, to the consternation of the +marshals, that the _Silver Heels_ had cleared nearly four hours before, +and had been towed up the Sound, instead of down the Bay. + +With such a start as that it was felt to be useless to attempt to +overtake her, and the marshals left the cutter, and returned to their +homes, wiser but sadder men. + + * * * * * + +The young Cuban, Miss Evangelina Cisneros, about whom we told you last +week, has lost no time in putting herself under the protection of our +flag. + +The very morning of her arrival she went down to the County Court-House +in City Hall Park, and there declared her intention of becoming an +American citizen. + +It is a very unusual thing for foreign-born women to become naturalized +Americans. They rarely do so unless they wish to hold property in this +country, for, having no vote or voice in the conduct of the Government, +it is not so necessary for them to become citizens of their adopted +country. When a woman marries she assumes the nationality of her +husband, and can hold any property by right of her marriage, and the +fact that all foreign women who marry Americans become Americans by +their marriage is another reason why it is rarely necessary for women to +take out their naturalization papers. + +Miss Cisneros was, however, afraid that the Spanish Government might +insist that the United States should send her back to her prison in +Cuba, and so she hastened to give up her allegiance to Spain, and +shelter herself under the protection of the American Government. + + * * * * * + +For some time past there has been a terrible epidemic of yellow fever in +the South. + +An epidemic means a disease that affects a large number of people at the +same time and is widely spread. + +The disease was first noticed in a little summer watering-place not far +from New Orleans. It was not recognized as yellow fever, the doctors +thinking it a harmless little summer fever, of which the symptoms are +very similar. + +Little by little the disease gained headway, until by the time its true +character was understood it had taken a hold on the people and had +become difficult to stamp out. + +The strictest quarantine regulations were enforced as soon as the +sickness was proved to be true yellow fever, even the passengers on the +trains being inspected and closely watched before they were allowed to +pass from infected districts to those which were free from the dreaded +disease. With all the care it continued to increase, and has not yet +been controlled. + +On such occasions the scientists are always very busy. While some of the +doctors are trying to cure the disease, others are busy preventing the +sick persons from carrying the contagion to other places, and others +again are occupied in trying to find the cause of the epidemic, and how +to prevent it in future. + +One of the scientists who have been working to prevent the disease has +discovered the microbe which causes yellow fever, and claims that an +epidemic can in future be prevented by inoculating people with it in the +same way that they are now vaccinated for small-pox. + +Small-pox was at one time a scourge throughout the world, and fearful +outbreaks of this plague would occur wherever numbers of people were +gathered together. + +About the year 1718 an English lady travelling in Turkey noticed that +inoculation was practised in that country with the greatest success, and +that epidemics were greatly prevented thereby. + +This lady, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, introduced the practice into +England. + +The idea was to introduce into the blood the germs of the dreaded +disease, practically giving the patient a slight attack of small-pox, +which made him proof against another attack. + +Inoculation was, however, objected to, because sometimes the person +operated on took the disease in its violent form, and died from the +results. + +The fact, however, remained that people who had been inoculated were not +liable to take the disease again, and so much good resulted that the +physicians were constantly seeking a means of inoculating that would +insure only a mild form of the disease. + +The problem was at last solved by the great English physician, Edward +Jenner, in 1798. + +He found that a form of small-pox was prevalent among cows, and that by +taking the germs of this disease, which was called cow-pox, and putting +them into the blood of human beings, he could produce a mild form of +small-pox, which never assumed a dangerous character, and yet prevented +the person treated from taking the real deadly small-pox. + +From this experiment vaccination, as we know it to-day, resulted. The +practice was given this name in France; the word is derived from +_vacca_, the Latin for cow. + +Since vaccination became general, the decrease in the rate of deaths +from small-pox has been wonderful, and there has not been one serious +epidemic where the practice has been followed. + +Yellow fever is a much worse enemy to all people who live in warm +climates than small-pox. It is a terrible disease, and often kills its +victims in a few hours. All sailors and travellers in southern +countries have to meet with the scourge, the sailors calling it +familiarly "Yellow Jack." + +If it is indeed true that by inoculation people can be made proof +against this awful disease, it will be one of the greatest blessings +this wonderful century has given to man. + +As we have said, yellow fever visits our southern shores every year, +though happily not often in an epidemic form. The Government has +therefore sent an expert down to the affected districts to discover, if +possible, where this disease comes from, and ascertain the best means of +preventing it. + +Dr. John Guiteras was chosen as the best man to send, and he reports +that it is from Cuba that this unwelcome visitor makes its yearly call +on us. + +The doctor declares that the sanitary conditions in Cuba are dreadful. +He says that nothing is done to keep the cities clean or healthy. The +drainage in Havana is of the worst possible description, and in times of +epidemic no attempt is made to prevent the spread of disease. + +There is such constant communication between Cuba and the United States +that our Government has been obliged to keep three health officers in +the island to report on the state of things and enforce quarantine +regulations when necessary. + +Yellow fever breaks out regularly every year in Cuba, and the doctor +declares that it would be an excellent thing for us if the Cubans were +allowed to purchase their freedom under our protection, as we might then +be able to induce them to put their country in a properly healthy +condition, and save ourselves the trouble and cost of yellow-fever +epidemics. + + * * * * * + +Prince Mavrocordato, the Greek minister who has been sent to Turkey to +arrange the peace, has arrived in Constantinople, but, if all reports +are true, he has not been received with the respect that he considered +his due. + +Some little annoyance at the custom-house put him so terribly out of +temper that he was on the point of turning back and refusing to enter +into any negotiations with Turkey at all. He was, however, pacified, and +is now in the Turkish capital, ready to begin work. + +The Sultan has announced positively that he does not intend to remove +his troops from Thessaly until he has something surer to rely upon than +a promise to pay the indemnity. + +He has sent supplies of winter clothing to the army, and will keep his +soldiers where they are until Greece has so arranged her affairs that he +can feel sure of being paid. + +Considering that the Powers are to take charge of the Greek treasury +until he has been paid, this conduct seems rather extraordinary, but the +Sultan is such an untrustworthy person himself that it is not to be +wondered at that he has no faith in promises or honor. + +Last week we prepared you for a surprise in regard to the settlement of +the affairs in Crete. + +His Majesty the Sultan has not kept us long waiting for it. + +Forgetting that the Cretans accepted Home Rule from the Powers, and that +the matter was supposed to have been settled, Abdul Hamid now comes +forward with a little proposal of his own. + +He suggests that all the occupants of Crete, Christians and Mussulmans +alike, shall be forced to deliver up their weapons to the Turkish +soldiers. That he, the Sultan, shall have the power to appoint whom he +pleases as governor of Crete, and shall further be empowered to form a +body of guards, half soldiers and half police, who shall have the duty +of preserving the peace of Crete. + +All this means, in so many words, that instead of a Christian governor, +Home Rule, and the payment of a yearly tribute to the Turks, the Cretans +shall go back to the old state they were in before Greece interposed. + +We shall probably hear a good deal more about Crete before the winter is +over. + + * * * * * + +England's conduct in regard to the seal question looks as if she had +been playing the old child's game of asking her pinkie finger before she +could give us a decided answer. + +From Lord Salisbury's conduct in the affair, one would suppose that he +had shut himself up in his study, and consulted the oracle: + +"Pray, my dear little finger, pray tell me whether I shall join the seal +conference or no? Yes--no--yes--no": and so on. + +He has said "yes" and "no" so many times that it looks as though he had +just come round to the pinkie again at "yes." + +After stating that the end of the five years agreed on in Paris was time +enough to consider the seal question, his lordship has now sent word to +our ambassador that England will join the United States in a conference. +The conference is to be held about the same time as the other one, but +is to have no connection with it. + +It seems a pity that England will not meet the Russian and Japanese +delegates, because they may have some interesting information to offer. +As we have said before, there was no question of discussing anything +else but the decrease of the seal herds, and Japan has expressly stated +that she will not enter into any other form of the subject. + +It is, however, a point gained that England will discuss any part of the +question, and it is to be hoped that this decision is final, and that +Lord Salisbury may not set to work to recount his fingers, and make the +pinkie come to "no" again. + + * * * * * + +There seems to be a growing desire for independence in Canada. + +The French Canadians of the Province of Quebec are urging the people to +demand complete independence from England. They have printed and +circulated an appeal to the people to rise and demand their liberty. + +We told you some time ago about England's idea of federating her +colonies. + +If this should be done, the mother country would have the right to +demand that the colonies should contribute to her wars, and help her, +and stand by her on all occasions. The federating of England and her +colonies would bind them together in much the same way that our United +States are bound together. They would be under one head and one +government, but each portion of the empire would take its share of the +profits and losses. + +It is this which has roused the Canadians of Quebec. + +Here is their complaint: "Canada, more securely chained, will be thrown +into the defensive and offensive politics of Great Britain. We will be +called upon to contribute toward the military and naval forces of that +country. We will have to give our money and our blood to defend the +interests of the noble lords who scorn us, the London merchants who +exploit us, and the deserts of Africa or the plains of India will be our +funeral pyres, where many of our people will sleep." + +These fears were aroused when, in the latter part of September, it was +announced that the Canadian Government was about to make large purchases +of guns and cannon for the defence of Montreal. + +These Canadians became afraid that they were to be drawn into some war +in which they had neither interest nor concern, and they are now anxious +to throw off the English yoke, and be free to make peace or war as they +will. + + * * * * * + +As the winter approaches, the cry of famine is once more being raised in +Ireland. + +The potato crop appears to have failed entirely, and the grain, beaten +down by storms and rain, has not ripened, but lays rotting in the fields +where it was planted. + +The cry of famine is heard from Ireland with more or less regularity +every year, and therefore some people are inclined to doubt whether this +is a genuine complaint, but from all one hears it would appear to be +only too true. + +Mr. John E. Redmund, member of Parliament for Waterford, Ireland, has +stated that the present harvest is the worst since 1879, and that there +is every reason to fear that a large portion of the Irish population +will soon be on the verge of starvation. + +To help these unfortunates, sixty-four of the Irish members joined in a +petition to ask the Government to call an extra meeting of Parliament to +vote money for the relief of the famine sufferers. + +The Queen has the right to call the British Parliament into session at +any time she deems it necessary, but for a long time it has been the +custom for it to assemble in February and remain in session until +August. + +In reply to the petition from the Irish members, the Government stated +that there did not seem to be any necessity for summoning a special +parliament to deal with the Irish troubles, as, if the worst fears for +Ireland were realized, the Government had power to use funds to relieve +the people without waiting for the consent of Parliament. + +The Irish members, in addition to asking for a special session of +Parliament, entreated the Government to lower the rents of the Irish +tenants. + +The petition stated that, in consequence of the poor crops, it was +hopeless to expect the tenants to pay their full rentals, and to avoid +the suffering and bad feeling that arises from evictions, or turning out +the people who are behind in their rents, it was begged that the +Government would lower the rents by law. + +The Government, however, absolutely declined to interfere in the matter, +and this will have to be left to the good-will of the landlords. + +Should the coming winter turn out as badly as it is feared, the chances +are that there will be more bitter feeling between England and Ireland. +The cause of the strife will be the money that England is said to owe to +Ireland. + +Some time ago the Queen appointed a committee to examine the accounts +between the two nations, and see just exactly how each country stood on +the books of the other. + +When the committee handed in its report, every one was absolutely amazed +to find that for nearly a hundred years England had been collecting +about thirteen million dollars a year from Ireland over and above the +sum which she had a right to ask for. It was further shown that the +collection of this big tax was in direct violation of a treaty between +England and Ireland. + +If the horrors of famine overtake the Emerald Isle, the Irish people +will certainly demand that this money be returned to them; but the sum +is now so enormous that England can never return it in full, and, +whatever she does for Ireland, the sister isle is sure to feel defrauded +and unhappy. + + * * * * * + +Last July we told you about a great strike that was going on in London +among the engineers. We said that the fight promised to be a long and +bitter one, because both masters and men considered themselves in the +right, and both had plenty of money to help them to stand by their +opinions. + +You will be surprised to learn that the strike is still in progress, and +grows stronger as time goes by. + +When the strike first began, but seventeen thousand men were involved in +it; but finding the masters refuse to listen to the demands of the men, +the labor unions have decided to call out the workers in thirty other +important industries. This will make about four hundred thousand men in +all on strike. + +The complaint of the men is that they want a working day of eight hours, +and do not want to work overtime unless they are paid extra for it. + +The engineer's calling is a very hard one; in some branches the men are +forced to work around boilers and furnaces where the heat is stifling. +They feel that eight hours' labor a day is as much as they should be +required to give, and that, if their employers want them to toil longer +than their regular hours, they should be willing to pay them liberally +for so doing. + +The men do not like to work overtime. When their day's work is done they +want to be able to go home and rest, and they declare that many of the +masters force the men to work after hours without reason. + +The contracts for making and building in large enterprises are nearly +always what are called time contracts. This means that the contractor +agrees to have the work finished by a certain time, and if he fails to +keep his part of the bargain he has to pay a heavy forfeit for each day +that he is behind time. + +When the time for a contract is nearly up, it is often necessary for +the men to work overtime to save the master his forfeit. + +The men contend that the masters ought to be willing to pay extra for +such service. To save them money they are asking the men to toil for +them after their full day's work is done, and when they are so tired +that it requires an extra effort to do the work. + +The leaders of the strike think that overtime is unnecessary if the work +is properly handled from the beginning, and they are anxious to make the +rate so high that masters will not ask it of their men, unless under +very unusual circumstances. + +Of late both sides have shown a disposition to settle the strike, +because many of the big contracts for work have had to be given out in +foreign countries, owing to the duration and strength of the strike; but +as neither side seems willing to give in, matters are at a standstill. + +The Prince of Wales and Mr. Gladstone have both been asked to arbitrate +the strike, but both of these great men have declined to interfere in +the matter. + +The engineers, however, realize that something must be done, so they are +trying to bring the matter to an end by calling out such a number of +other workmen that the trade of the country will be brought to a +standstill. + +There was a rumor that the engineers who work on the steamships would be +called out and forced to go on strike. If this should prove true, every +kind of business would be interfered with, for no steamers could leave +the English ports without properly certificated engineers to run them, +and no foreign mail of any sort could be sent out or brought into the +country. + +The agents of the great lines running between this country and England, +which are nearly all owned by English firms, declared that they were not +afraid of the strike hurting them. If their engineers should be called +out, they asserted that they could find plenty of men to fill their +places. + +This is all very well from the point of view of the agents seated in +their comfortable offices, but very few of us would be willing to trust +our lives on the high seas to inexperienced engineers. We do not care to +ride on the cars in times of strikes when green hands are put on to keep +them running till the trouble is over, and on the cars we can get out +any moment we feel afraid. But on the ocean it is altogether a different +matter. There is no stopping the car and getting out at the next block, +and it would probably pay the steamship companies better to agree to the +engineers' terms than to run their ships empty. + + * * * * * + +The Duchess of Marlborough (formerly Miss Consuelo Vanderbilt) is now +the happy mother of a baby son who may one day be the Duke of +Marlborough. + +When it came time to christen the infant, the Prince of Wales sent word +that he would act as godfather to the noble baby. + +The child has just been christened, and a grand ceremony was made of the +affair in the Chapel Royal, St. James' Palace, which, by the way, is the +same church in which Queen Victoria was married. + +According to the Church of England, three sponsors are necessary to the +christening of a baby. If it is a boy there must be two godfathers and +one godmother; if a girl, two godmothers and one godfather. + +It was therefore necessary to have two godfathers for this infant, who, +as eldest son of the Duke of Marlborough, is known by the title of +Marquis of Blandford. + +The Prince of Wales was one godfather and the other was Mr. W.K. +Vanderbilt, the grandfather of the baby. + +The christening was a very grand affair, and after it was over the +Prince of Wales presented the infant with a golden cup engraved with his +own name and coat of arms, and the baby's name, John Albert Edward +William, and the family coat of arms. + +It seems that the young gentleman has good manners even at this early +age, for when he was handed to his royal godfather for inspection he +never whimpered, but, seeming to realize the honor that was being done +to him, behaved with perfect propriety. + + * * * * * + +It may interest you to know that the Princess Kaiulani has arrived in +this country. + +The Princess is the daughter of Liliuokalani's sister, who married a +Hawaiian gentleman named Cleghorn. Kaiulani, who is known as Miss +Victoria Cleghorn, is said to be a very charming girl, highly educated +and amiable. She is said to be quite pretty, and to look like a Spaniard +or Cuban. + +She is passing through this country on her way to Honolulu. + +Because of the fact which we told you a little while ago that +Liliuokalani was talking of abdicating in favor of Kaiulani, every one +was anxious to find out from the young princess whether her visit to the +Sandwich Islands had anything to do with the proposed annexation. + +The young lady refused to speak on the subject. She said that she was +simply going there to visit some old friends. + +Her father, Mr. Cleghorn, who was taking her to Honolulu, declared +himself opposed to annexation, but stated positively that the trip to +Hawaii was merely a return home for his daughter, who had been finishing +her education abroad. + + * * * * * + +Affairs in Guatemala continue in an unsettled condition. + +While the Government continues to gain the upper hand, and the insurgent +leaders are being defeated and obliged to flee the country, the +condition of affairs is most distressing. + +The rebel cause was so strong that none doubted that it would succeed. +Numbers of the best people in the country sided with the rebels, and +felt so sure of their ultimate success that they did not scruple to let +it be known where their sympathies lay. + +Now that the Government and Barrios have gained the victory, there is a +panic throughout the country. + +It is felt that the dictator will deal out a heavy punishment to all who +have revolted against his rule, and in all parts of the country people +are fleeing from his wrath, leaving their houses and plantations to go +to rack and ruin. + +Our Government fears that the lives and property of our citizens in +Guatemala may be endangered in the general confusion, and therefore the +cruiser _Detroit_ has been sent down to the Gulf coast of Guatemala to +protect the interests of our citizens. + + * * * * * + +We are sorry to tell you that the forest fires are still increasing in +New York State. + +Half of the people of the town of Huron have been engaged for three +weeks in fighting the fires, but have made little or no headway. + +Forest fires are also raging on the Alleghany Mountains, and word comes +that the town of Altoona, Pa., is so shrouded in smoke from the fires +that the sun at noonday is almost invisible. + +Better news, however, comes from Nebraska. Rain has fallen there, and +the terrible drought appears to be over. The farmers are using every +moment of daylight to plough their fields and get them ready for the +fall planting. + +Showers have fallen almost daily over the State since the drought was +broken, and, in the few days that have passed, the grass that was so +terribly burned and parched has sprung up anew, until it looks quite +fresh and green again. + +The farmers are now feeling more hopeful. + + * * * * * + +We told you about a wonderful roller-boat that was being built in +Toronto. + +It was given its first trial on Saturday, and Mr. Knapp, its inventor, +declared it to be a great success. + +People who were on board this strange craft on its trial trip said that +when the machinery was put in motion the sensation was anything but +pleasant. According to their description, it seemed as if the whole ship +was being lifted into the air, and tilted to such angle that it was +bound to go over. When they, were half frightened out of their senses by +the tilting, there came a noise as if all the machinery was bursting at +the same moment, and when they had made up their minds that the whole +affair was going to pieces, the vessel began to move through the water. + +As soon as it was found that the ship really did move, and that nothing +was going to blow up, everybody began to praise her, and the trial was +pronounced a great success. + +Although at the trial the boat proved very slow, the builder is so +enthusiastic about her that he says he is confident she will be able to +move through the water at the rate of sixty miles an hour. + +If this feat is accomplished, the three thousand miles of sea that +divide us from Europe will be crossed in two days and two hours. + + G.H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS. + + + _Editor_ GREAT ROUND WORLD. + + DEAR SIR: Can you tell me more about the map-holder + mentioned in No. 47? W.J.B. + + +DEAR SIR: + +If you refer to the map-holder for bicycles, we would suggest that you +apply to A.G. Spalding & Co., Broadway, New York. EDITOR. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + Will you please explain in the next issue of THE GREAT ROUND + WORLD who are eligible to seats in the House of Lords and in + the House of Commons? By thus doing you will greatly oblige + one who is very much interested in your paper. + + + Respectfully yours, + N.R. + MORRISTOWN, N.J. + + +DEAR FRIEND: + +The House of Peers (or House of Lords) is composed of all the peers of +the United Kingdom, the representative Scottish peers, the Irish +representative peers, and the lords spiritual. + +A peer is the holder of one of the five degrees of nobility,--duke, +marquis, earl, viscount, or baron. These men have their seats in the +House of Lords by right of birth, and take possession of them when they +come of age. + +The House of Peers takes its origin from the body of lords and barons +who were summoned to the king's councils in olden times. Besides the +peers who sit in the House of Lords by right, and who are distinguished +as the lords temporal, there are twenty-six other lords who also form a +part of this body, and who are known as the lords spiritual. These are +the two English archbishops and twenty-four bishops. + +The House of Commons is composed entirely of men who are elected by the +vote of the people. + +There are no restrictions whatever of birth, education, or religion. Any +freeman who is elected can sit in the House. At one time an endeavor was +made to exclude a man who had been elected because he refused to take +the oath which is administered to all members of Parliament before they +can take their seats. This was Charles Bradlaugh. He said he did not +believe in an oath, but offered to affirm, or give his word instead. The +House of Commons refused to accept this, and Mr. Bradlaugh was not +allowed to take his seat. He afterward stated that he was willing to +take the oath as a matter of form, but this was again objected to. For +six years he struggled for his seat, and at last was allowed to take it, +after going through the form of the oath. + +A cobbler has sat in the House of Commons and helped make laws for the +people, and the members of Parliament are of all ranks and ages. + +In England, however, men of fortune and family take more interest in the +affairs of the nation than they do with us, and the majority of the +members of the House of Commons are wealthy land-owners, baronets, and +knights, who have large interests at stake, and young men of good family +who have been educated with the express idea of going into Parliament as +soon as they were able to find an opening. + + EDITOR. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + I am one of your subscribers, and think THE GREAT ROUND + WORLD a very interesting little paper. Do you think the man + that went up in the balloon will succeed in finding the + North Pole? I hope he will, and when he comes back give us a + good history of it. And do you think that Cuba will get its + freedom? I hope it will. + + Yours truly, + NEW PHILADELPHIA PA., LAURA G. + + +DEAR LAURA: + +Great fears are entertained that Professor Andree has fallen a victim to +his love for science, and is one more of the unfortunate men who have +lost their lives in their search for the Pole. + +In regard to Cuba--unless Spain really gives the Cubans liberal home +rule that they can be happy under, they will certainly fight until they +are free. + + EDITOR. + + +We have received a batch of delightful letters from a school in Foxboro, +Mass. We take great pleasure in printing the three following. EDITOR. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + Your paper came this week. As we read the notes I thought + they were quite interesting. I should like to see one of + those meteorites you told us about. I shall be very glad + when your next paper comes, so I can read about Lieutenant + Peary. The school is going to write to you and tell you how + we liked your paper. + + Yours truly, + FOXBORO, MASS. C. IRENE B. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + We received our paper this morning. We have only read two + stories, but we think we shall like it. Our teacher read us + about Lieutenant Peary, and about the meteorites he got from + Greenland, and about the Tennessee bicycle. Each one in the + school wrote a letter. We are going to select the best ones + and send them to you. Yours truly, + + RALPH E. + FOXBORO, MASS. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + We received our paper to-day. I think we shall like THE + GREAT ROUND WORLD very much. Our teacher read about the + meteorites and the bicycles. Each one of us is writing a + letter. Yours truly, + + HARWOOD W. + + P.S.--I have hurt my right fingers and can't write very + well, but am learning to use my left hand. + + FOXBORO, MASS. + + +Every one ought to learn to write with their left hand. In England boys +and girls are taught to write with both hands. There is a book published +explaining the method. EDITOR. + + + DEAR EDITOR: + + Can you give me further information relative to condensed + food described on page 1267 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD? What + the probable cost will be; where can it be obtained; how + soon before it can be bought; and any other facts you may + know relative thereto, and greatly oblige, + + Yours truly, E.A.H. + + +DEAR SIR: + +For further information about the condensed food, we would suggest that +you address the New York Condensed Food Co., New York. EDITOR. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, November 4, 1897, No. 52, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD *** + +***** This file should be named 16175.txt or 16175.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/1/7/16175/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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