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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, November 4, 1897, No. 52, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World And What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, November 4, 1897, No. 52
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: July 2, 2005 [EBook #16175]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+    VOL. 1   NOVEMBER 4, 1897.   NO. 52
+
+=Copyright, 1897, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.=
+
+
+The situation in Cuba remains much the same.
+
+The noteworthy event of the past week has been a sad and unfortunate
+shipwreck which occurred on October 16th.
+
+On that day a Spanish steamer was wrecked off the coast of Pinar del
+Rio, while making the trip from Havana to Bahia Honda.
+
+The _Triton_, as the steamer was called, was carrying soldiers'
+ammunition, money, and mules to be used against the Cubans in Pinar del
+Rio.
+
+According to all accounts the steamer was so heavily laden that when she
+started her decks were only a few feet above the level of the water.
+
+It was a very black and stormy night, and many sailors on the dock
+expressed fears that the vessel could not weather a storm in her heavily
+laden condition.
+
+The trip she had to make was merely a matter of four hours, and the
+captain declared himself confident of bringing his vessel safely to
+port.
+
+All went well till the _Triton_ was within a few miles of her
+destination; when off the coast of Pinar del Rio she ran aground.
+
+Those on board who were saved from the wreck said that the vessel was so
+heavily loaded that she was not able to take her usual course, and,
+because so much deeper in the water, ran aground on a bank that in her
+ordinary trips she could pass over without difficulty.
+
+As long as the vessel had been cutting her way through the water, the
+heavy lading had caused little inconvenience, but when she grounded the
+waves began to wash over her decks, and cause much alarm to the
+passengers.
+
+While the vessel was in great danger, she might still have been saved if
+it had not been for the mules. These beasts, becoming panic-stricken as
+the waves swept over the deck, stampeded to one side of the vessel,
+causing it to list over so much that the cargo shifted.
+
+This is one of the most terrible accidents that can happen to a vessel.
+
+The loading of a cargo is a very important thing, and is a business of
+itself. The men who direct it must understand just how to distribute the
+weight evenly in the hold, and how to pack the boxes and bales and
+barrels so tightly together that they cannot move, because if a cargo
+should shift it is liable to throw the ship out of her balance, and she
+is in danger of overturning and sinking.
+
+This is what happened to the _Triton_. The mules and the shifted cargo
+together made such a heavy weight on one side that she keeled over, and
+within fifteen minutes of the time she first struck the bank she sank,
+carrying down with her one hundred and fifty of the passengers and crew.
+
+The accident happened in the early dawn, when many of the people were
+asleep in their berths, and though the captain had them roused, and
+lowered the boats to try and take them off the sinking ship, the seas
+ran so high that the small boats were swamped, and it was impossible to
+save the unfortunate passengers.
+
+The ship went down in one hundred and twenty fathoms of water, so it is
+not likely that her valuable cargo of arms and money will ever be
+recovered. The loss is a serious one to Spain at this moment, when she
+needs every penny she has to help her out of her many difficulties.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are disquieting rumors that the Carlists are smuggling large
+quantities of arms into Spain from France, and it is thought that the
+long-deferred rising will occur very shortly.
+
+Eleven thousand rifles are said to have been purchased in Belgium by the
+Carlist agents during the month of September.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is a vague rumor that the Queen Regent and her new Prime Minister
+have arrived at the conclusion that the only possible end to the Cuban
+war will be to let the Cubans purchase the island.
+
+There are a good many complications in the way of this action at
+present, because the European financiers, about whom we have spoken to
+you before, have advanced a great deal of money to Spain, the sugar and
+tobacco being taken as security for the return of their money. These
+people must first be reckoned with before any agreement to free Cuba can
+be made, but it is hinted by people close to the Government that the
+Queen and Señor Sagasta are considering a plan whereby they can allow
+Cuba to purchase her freedom without making bad friends with the
+financiers, or offending the pride of Spain.
+
+It would seem that Señor Sagasta's policy is to put an end to foreign
+wars, and gather the strength of the Spanish army around the throne of
+Spain, so that it shall be well protected against the Carlist attack
+that will undoubtedly be made ere long.
+
+A report has been received that the Spanish general in the Philippine
+Islands is treating with the insurgents for peace.
+
+This report is published in one of the reliable Spanish papers, and it
+states that General Primo de Rivera has been discussing terms of peace
+with Emilio Aguinaldo, the insurgent leader.
+
+The rebels have been so successful that they are not willing to make
+peace unless they get very good terms, and so they ask that all who have
+taken part in the revolt shall be given a free pardon, that three
+million pesetas (a peseta is worth about twenty cents) shall be paid to
+the insurgent chiefs, that the Philippine Islands shall be represented
+in the Spanish Cortes, and that half the government offices in the
+islands shall be held by natives. The insurgents also demand that the
+power of the priests shall be lessened, as the rebellion was really
+caused by the disagreements between the friars and the people.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An amusing filibustering incident has occurred during the week.
+
+The Spaniards obtained information that the Cubans were fitting out a
+large expedition with arms and men for the insurgents. They had engaged
+a ship called the _Premier_ for this purpose, and were making their
+preparations with all possible haste and secrecy.
+
+The Spaniards gave information to our Government, and requested that the
+expedition be stopped.
+
+But the Cubans have as many spies around as the Spaniards, and it was
+soon learned that the _Premier_ expedition was known to the authorities.
+Without appearing to change their plans about the _Premier_, the Cubans
+made a secret arrangement with another ship called the _Silver Heels_,
+and prepared her to take their cargo instead of the _Premier_.
+
+The watchful Spaniards soon found out about the new vessel, and even
+learned the hour and dock at which she was to receive her cargo.
+
+Our Government was warned, and a revenue cutter got ready to intercept
+the _Silver Heels_ as soon as she should really have started on her
+voyage.
+
+The Cubans were attempting to load and despatch their vessel from the
+port of New York, and so it was expected that, with all the police boats
+and cutters available here, it would be an easy matter to catch and
+convict all concerned in the expedition.
+
+A detective was sent to watch the dock at which the _Silver Heels_ was
+to be loaded. Sure enough, the vessel slipped up to the pier as soon as
+night had fallen, and the detective watched suspicious-looking cases
+being hastily put on board, and suspicious-looking characters taking
+passage in her. He became convinced that a filibustering expedition was
+indeed being sent out. To make quite sure, he watched until the last of
+her load was put on board. The last man had reached the deck, and the
+vessel, in tow of a river tug, had once more pulled out of the dock.
+
+He then hurried down to the Battery and told what he had seen, and with
+several other officers got on board the cutter and started to intercept
+the _Silver Heels_ as she came down the Bay on her way to sea.
+
+To you who do not know New York Harbor, it may be as well to explain
+that New York, or Manhattan, Island lies between the Hudson River and
+the Sound, an arm of the sea which is called the East River as it flows
+by New York.
+
+This East River which, as it widens, becomes Long Island Sound,
+separates Manhattan Island from Long Island, which, as its name
+suggests, is a long strip of land stretching along the coast for miles
+above and below New York city, forming the beautiful New York Bay and
+Harbor below the city, and the equally lovely Long Island Sound above
+the city.
+
+The Atlantic Ocean washes the outer shore of Long Island, and ships
+leaving the port of New York can reach the sea either by going above the
+city through Hell Gate and Long Island Sound, or below the city down the
+Harbor and Bay, and out through the Narrows, past Sandy Hook and Fire
+Island.
+
+The route to Cuba is _down_ the Bay. To attempt to make the journey by
+the Sound route is to go a good day's journey out of the way, so it
+never entered the heads of the officers on the cutter that the _Silver
+Heels_ would start for Cuba by any such out-of-the-way route.
+
+Putting off from the Battery, which is the extreme lower point of New
+York city, they steamed up and down the Bay, looking out for their
+prize.
+
+The _Silver Heels_ did not put in an appearance, however, and after
+waiting about three hours, the officers decided to go up the East River,
+and intercept the vessel while she was still in the river.
+
+The night was dark, and the river full of shipping, but every craft that
+approached was carefully inspected, and still no _Silver Heels_ was
+discovered.
+
+After several tedious hours of waiting had been passed, the officers
+decided to steam up to the wharf and find out what had happened to the
+ship.
+
+On reaching the pier it was learned, to the consternation of the
+marshals, that the _Silver Heels_ had cleared nearly four hours before,
+and had been towed up the Sound, instead of down the Bay.
+
+With such a start as that it was felt to be useless to attempt to
+overtake her, and the marshals left the cutter, and returned to their
+homes, wiser but sadder men.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The young Cuban, Miss Evangelina Cisneros, about whom we told you last
+week, has lost no time in putting herself under the protection of our
+flag.
+
+The very morning of her arrival she went down to the County Court-House
+in City Hall Park, and there declared her intention of becoming an
+American citizen.
+
+It is a very unusual thing for foreign-born women to become naturalized
+Americans. They rarely do so unless they wish to hold property in this
+country, for, having no vote or voice in the conduct of the Government,
+it is not so necessary for them to become citizens of their adopted
+country. When a woman marries she assumes the nationality of her
+husband, and can hold any property by right of her marriage, and the
+fact that all foreign women who marry Americans become Americans by
+their marriage is another reason why it is rarely necessary for women to
+take out their naturalization papers.
+
+Miss Cisneros was, however, afraid that the Spanish Government might
+insist that the United States should send her back to her prison in
+Cuba, and so she hastened to give up her allegiance to Spain, and
+shelter herself under the protection of the American Government.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+For some time past there has been a terrible epidemic of yellow fever in
+the South.
+
+An epidemic means a disease that affects a large number of people at the
+same time and is widely spread.
+
+The disease was first noticed in a little summer watering-place not far
+from New Orleans. It was not recognized as yellow fever, the doctors
+thinking it a harmless little summer fever, of which the symptoms are
+very similar.
+
+Little by little the disease gained headway, until by the time its true
+character was understood it had taken a hold on the people and had
+become difficult to stamp out.
+
+The strictest quarantine regulations were enforced as soon as the
+sickness was proved to be true yellow fever, even the passengers on the
+trains being inspected and closely watched before they were allowed to
+pass from infected districts to those which were free from the dreaded
+disease. With all the care it continued to increase, and has not yet
+been controlled.
+
+On such occasions the scientists are always very busy. While some of the
+doctors are trying to cure the disease, others are busy preventing the
+sick persons from carrying the contagion to other places, and others
+again are occupied in trying to find the cause of the epidemic, and how
+to prevent it in future.
+
+One of the scientists who have been working to prevent the disease has
+discovered the microbe which causes yellow fever, and claims that an
+epidemic can in future be prevented by inoculating people with it in the
+same way that they are now vaccinated for small-pox.
+
+Small-pox was at one time a scourge throughout the world, and fearful
+outbreaks of this plague would occur wherever numbers of people were
+gathered together.
+
+About the year 1718 an English lady travelling in Turkey noticed that
+inoculation was practised in that country with the greatest success, and
+that epidemics were greatly prevented thereby.
+
+This lady, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, introduced the practice into
+England.
+
+The idea was to introduce into the blood the germs of the dreaded
+disease, practically giving the patient a slight attack of small-pox,
+which made him proof against another attack.
+
+Inoculation was, however, objected to, because sometimes the person
+operated on took the disease in its violent form, and died from the
+results.
+
+The fact, however, remained that people who had been inoculated were not
+liable to take the disease again, and so much good resulted that the
+physicians were constantly seeking a means of inoculating that would
+insure only a mild form of the disease.
+
+The problem was at last solved by the great English physician, Edward
+Jenner, in 1798.
+
+He found that a form of small-pox was prevalent among cows, and that by
+taking the germs of this disease, which was called cow-pox, and putting
+them into the blood of human beings, he could produce a mild form of
+small-pox, which never assumed a dangerous character, and yet prevented
+the person treated from taking the real deadly small-pox.
+
+From this experiment vaccination, as we know it to-day, resulted. The
+practice was given this name in France; the word is derived from
+_vacca_, the Latin for cow.
+
+Since vaccination became general, the decrease in the rate of deaths
+from small-pox has been wonderful, and there has not been one serious
+epidemic where the practice has been followed.
+
+Yellow fever is a much worse enemy to all people who live in warm
+climates than small-pox. It is a terrible disease, and often kills its
+victims in a few hours. All sailors and travellers in southern
+countries have to meet with the scourge, the sailors calling it
+familiarly "Yellow Jack."
+
+If it is indeed true that by inoculation people can be made proof
+against this awful disease, it will be one of the greatest blessings
+this wonderful century has given to man.
+
+As we have said, yellow fever visits our southern shores every year,
+though happily not often in an epidemic form. The Government has
+therefore sent an expert down to the affected districts to discover, if
+possible, where this disease comes from, and ascertain the best means of
+preventing it.
+
+Dr. John Guiteras was chosen as the best man to send, and he reports
+that it is from Cuba that this unwelcome visitor makes its yearly call
+on us.
+
+The doctor declares that the sanitary conditions in Cuba are dreadful.
+He says that nothing is done to keep the cities clean or healthy. The
+drainage in Havana is of the worst possible description, and in times of
+epidemic no attempt is made to prevent the spread of disease.
+
+There is such constant communication between Cuba and the United States
+that our Government has been obliged to keep three health officers in
+the island to report on the state of things and enforce quarantine
+regulations when necessary.
+
+Yellow fever breaks out regularly every year in Cuba, and the doctor
+declares that it would be an excellent thing for us if the Cubans were
+allowed to purchase their freedom under our protection, as we might then
+be able to induce them to put their country in a properly healthy
+condition, and save ourselves the trouble and cost of yellow-fever
+epidemics.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Prince Mavrocordato, the Greek minister who has been sent to Turkey to
+arrange the peace, has arrived in Constantinople, but, if all reports
+are true, he has not been received with the respect that he considered
+his due.
+
+Some little annoyance at the custom-house put him so terribly out of
+temper that he was on the point of turning back and refusing to enter
+into any negotiations with Turkey at all. He was, however, pacified, and
+is now in the Turkish capital, ready to begin work.
+
+The Sultan has announced positively that he does not intend to remove
+his troops from Thessaly until he has something surer to rely upon than
+a promise to pay the indemnity.
+
+He has sent supplies of winter clothing to the army, and will keep his
+soldiers where they are until Greece has so arranged her affairs that he
+can feel sure of being paid.
+
+Considering that the Powers are to take charge of the Greek treasury
+until he has been paid, this conduct seems rather extraordinary, but the
+Sultan is such an untrustworthy person himself that it is not to be
+wondered at that he has no faith in promises or honor.
+
+Last week we prepared you for a surprise in regard to the settlement of
+the affairs in Crete.
+
+His Majesty the Sultan has not kept us long waiting for it.
+
+Forgetting that the Cretans accepted Home Rule from the Powers, and that
+the matter was supposed to have been settled, Abdul Hamid now comes
+forward with a little proposal of his own.
+
+He suggests that all the occupants of Crete, Christians and Mussulmans
+alike, shall be forced to deliver up their weapons to the Turkish
+soldiers. That he, the Sultan, shall have the power to appoint whom he
+pleases as governor of Crete, and shall further be empowered to form a
+body of guards, half soldiers and half police, who shall have the duty
+of preserving the peace of Crete.
+
+All this means, in so many words, that instead of a Christian governor,
+Home Rule, and the payment of a yearly tribute to the Turks, the Cretans
+shall go back to the old state they were in before Greece interposed.
+
+We shall probably hear a good deal more about Crete before the winter is
+over.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+England's conduct in regard to the seal question looks as if she had
+been playing the old child's game of asking her pinkie finger before she
+could give us a decided answer.
+
+From Lord Salisbury's conduct in the affair, one would suppose that he
+had shut himself up in his study, and consulted the oracle:
+
+"Pray, my dear little finger, pray tell me whether I shall join the seal
+conference or no? Yes--no--yes--no": and so on.
+
+He has said "yes" and "no" so many times that it looks as though he had
+just come round to the pinkie again at "yes."
+
+After stating that the end of the five years agreed on in Paris was time
+enough to consider the seal question, his lordship has now sent word to
+our ambassador that England will join the United States in a conference.
+The conference is to be held about the same time as the other one, but
+is to have no connection with it.
+
+It seems a pity that England will not meet the Russian and Japanese
+delegates, because they may have some interesting information to offer.
+As we have said before, there was no question of discussing anything
+else but the decrease of the seal herds, and Japan has expressly stated
+that she will not enter into any other form of the subject.
+
+It is, however, a point gained that England will discuss any part of the
+question, and it is to be hoped that this decision is final, and that
+Lord Salisbury may not set to work to recount his fingers, and make the
+pinkie come to "no" again.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There seems to be a growing desire for independence in Canada.
+
+The French Canadians of the Province of Quebec are urging the people to
+demand complete independence from England. They have printed and
+circulated an appeal to the people to rise and demand their liberty.
+
+We told you some time ago about England's idea of federating her
+colonies.
+
+If this should be done, the mother country would have the right to
+demand that the colonies should contribute to her wars, and help her,
+and stand by her on all occasions. The federating of England and her
+colonies would bind them together in much the same way that our United
+States are bound together. They would be under one head and one
+government, but each portion of the empire would take its share of the
+profits and losses.
+
+It is this which has roused the Canadians of Quebec.
+
+Here is their complaint: "Canada, more securely chained, will be thrown
+into the defensive and offensive politics of Great Britain. We will be
+called upon to contribute toward the military and naval forces of that
+country. We will have to give our money and our blood to defend the
+interests of the noble lords who scorn us, the London merchants who
+exploit us, and the deserts of Africa or the plains of India will be our
+funeral pyres, where many of our people will sleep."
+
+These fears were aroused when, in the latter part of September, it was
+announced that the Canadian Government was about to make large purchases
+of guns and cannon for the defence of Montreal.
+
+These Canadians became afraid that they were to be drawn into some war
+in which they had neither interest nor concern, and they are now anxious
+to throw off the English yoke, and be free to make peace or war as they
+will.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+As the winter approaches, the cry of famine is once more being raised in
+Ireland.
+
+The potato crop appears to have failed entirely, and the grain, beaten
+down by storms and rain, has not ripened, but lays rotting in the fields
+where it was planted.
+
+The cry of famine is heard from Ireland with more or less regularity
+every year, and therefore some people are inclined to doubt whether this
+is a genuine complaint, but from all one hears it would appear to be
+only too true.
+
+Mr. John E. Redmund, member of Parliament for Waterford, Ireland, has
+stated that the present harvest is the worst since 1879, and that there
+is every reason to fear that a large portion of the Irish population
+will soon be on the verge of starvation.
+
+To help these unfortunates, sixty-four of the Irish members joined in a
+petition to ask the Government to call an extra meeting of Parliament to
+vote money for the relief of the famine sufferers.
+
+The Queen has the right to call the British Parliament into session at
+any time she deems it necessary, but for a long time it has been the
+custom for it to assemble in February and remain in session until
+August.
+
+In reply to the petition from the Irish members, the Government stated
+that there did not seem to be any necessity for summoning a special
+parliament to deal with the Irish troubles, as, if the worst fears for
+Ireland were realized, the Government had power to use funds to relieve
+the people without waiting for the consent of Parliament.
+
+The Irish members, in addition to asking for a special session of
+Parliament, entreated the Government to lower the rents of the Irish
+tenants.
+
+The petition stated that, in consequence of the poor crops, it was
+hopeless to expect the tenants to pay their full rentals, and to avoid
+the suffering and bad feeling that arises from evictions, or turning out
+the people who are behind in their rents, it was begged that the
+Government would lower the rents by law.
+
+The Government, however, absolutely declined to interfere in the matter,
+and this will have to be left to the good-will of the landlords.
+
+Should the coming winter turn out as badly as it is feared, the chances
+are that there will be more bitter feeling between England and Ireland.
+The cause of the strife will be the money that England is said to owe to
+Ireland.
+
+Some time ago the Queen appointed a committee to examine the accounts
+between the two nations, and see just exactly how each country stood on
+the books of the other.
+
+When the committee handed in its report, every one was absolutely amazed
+to find that for nearly a hundred years England had been collecting
+about thirteen million dollars a year from Ireland over and above the
+sum which she had a right to ask for. It was further shown that the
+collection of this big tax was in direct violation of a treaty between
+England and Ireland.
+
+If the horrors of famine overtake the Emerald Isle, the Irish people
+will certainly demand that this money be returned to them; but the sum
+is now so enormous that England can never return it in full, and,
+whatever she does for Ireland, the sister isle is sure to feel defrauded
+and unhappy.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Last July we told you about a great strike that was going on in London
+among the engineers. We said that the fight promised to be a long and
+bitter one, because both masters and men considered themselves in the
+right, and both had plenty of money to help them to stand by their
+opinions.
+
+You will be surprised to learn that the strike is still in progress, and
+grows stronger as time goes by.
+
+When the strike first began, but seventeen thousand men were involved in
+it; but finding the masters refuse to listen to the demands of the men,
+the labor unions have decided to call out the workers in thirty other
+important industries. This will make about four hundred thousand men in
+all on strike.
+
+The complaint of the men is that they want a working day of eight hours,
+and do not want to work overtime unless they are paid extra for it.
+
+The engineer's calling is a very hard one; in some branches the men are
+forced to work around boilers and furnaces where the heat is stifling.
+They feel that eight hours' labor a day is as much as they should be
+required to give, and that, if their employers want them to toil longer
+than their regular hours, they should be willing to pay them liberally
+for so doing.
+
+The men do not like to work overtime. When their day's work is done they
+want to be able to go home and rest, and they declare that many of the
+masters force the men to work after hours without reason.
+
+The contracts for making and building in large enterprises are nearly
+always what are called time contracts. This means that the contractor
+agrees to have the work finished by a certain time, and if he fails to
+keep his part of the bargain he has to pay a heavy forfeit for each day
+that he is behind time.
+
+When the time for a contract is nearly up, it is often necessary for
+the men to work overtime to save the master his forfeit.
+
+The men contend that the masters ought to be willing to pay extra for
+such service. To save them money they are asking the men to toil for
+them after their full day's work is done, and when they are so tired
+that it requires an extra effort to do the work.
+
+The leaders of the strike think that overtime is unnecessary if the work
+is properly handled from the beginning, and they are anxious to make the
+rate so high that masters will not ask it of their men, unless under
+very unusual circumstances.
+
+Of late both sides have shown a disposition to settle the strike,
+because many of the big contracts for work have had to be given out in
+foreign countries, owing to the duration and strength of the strike; but
+as neither side seems willing to give in, matters are at a standstill.
+
+The Prince of Wales and Mr. Gladstone have both been asked to arbitrate
+the strike, but both of these great men have declined to interfere in
+the matter.
+
+The engineers, however, realize that something must be done, so they are
+trying to bring the matter to an end by calling out such a number of
+other workmen that the trade of the country will be brought to a
+standstill.
+
+There was a rumor that the engineers who work on the steamships would be
+called out and forced to go on strike. If this should prove true, every
+kind of business would be interfered with, for no steamers could leave
+the English ports without properly certificated engineers to run them,
+and no foreign mail of any sort could be sent out or brought into the
+country.
+
+The agents of the great lines running between this country and England,
+which are nearly all owned by English firms, declared that they were not
+afraid of the strike hurting them. If their engineers should be called
+out, they asserted that they could find plenty of men to fill their
+places.
+
+This is all very well from the point of view of the agents seated in
+their comfortable offices, but very few of us would be willing to trust
+our lives on the high seas to inexperienced engineers. We do not care to
+ride on the cars in times of strikes when green hands are put on to keep
+them running till the trouble is over, and on the cars we can get out
+any moment we feel afraid. But on the ocean it is altogether a different
+matter. There is no stopping the car and getting out at the next block,
+and it would probably pay the steamship companies better to agree to the
+engineers' terms than to run their ships empty.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Duchess of Marlborough (formerly Miss Consuelo Vanderbilt) is now
+the happy mother of a baby son who may one day be the Duke of
+Marlborough.
+
+When it came time to christen the infant, the Prince of Wales sent word
+that he would act as godfather to the noble baby.
+
+The child has just been christened, and a grand ceremony was made of the
+affair in the Chapel Royal, St. James' Palace, which, by the way, is the
+same church in which Queen Victoria was married.
+
+According to the Church of England, three sponsors are necessary to the
+christening of a baby. If it is a boy there must be two godfathers and
+one godmother; if a girl, two godmothers and one godfather.
+
+It was therefore necessary to have two godfathers for this infant, who,
+as eldest son of the Duke of Marlborough, is known by the title of
+Marquis of Blandford.
+
+The Prince of Wales was one godfather and the other was Mr. W.K.
+Vanderbilt, the grandfather of the baby.
+
+The christening was a very grand affair, and after it was over the
+Prince of Wales presented the infant with a golden cup engraved with his
+own name and coat of arms, and the baby's name, John Albert Edward
+William, and the family coat of arms.
+
+It seems that the young gentleman has good manners even at this early
+age, for when he was handed to his royal godfather for inspection he
+never whimpered, but, seeming to realize the honor that was being done
+to him, behaved with perfect propriety.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It may interest you to know that the Princess Kaiulani has arrived in
+this country.
+
+The Princess is the daughter of Liliuokalani's sister, who married a
+Hawaiian gentleman named Cleghorn. Kaiulani, who is known as Miss
+Victoria Cleghorn, is said to be a very charming girl, highly educated
+and amiable. She is said to be quite pretty, and to look like a Spaniard
+or Cuban.
+
+She is passing through this country on her way to Honolulu.
+
+Because of the fact which we told you a little while ago that
+Liliuokalani was talking of abdicating in favor of Kaiulani, every one
+was anxious to find out from the young princess whether her visit to the
+Sandwich Islands had anything to do with the proposed annexation.
+
+The young lady refused to speak on the subject. She said that she was
+simply going there to visit some old friends.
+
+Her father, Mr. Cleghorn, who was taking her to Honolulu, declared
+himself opposed to annexation, but stated positively that the trip to
+Hawaii was merely a return home for his daughter, who had been finishing
+her education abroad.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Affairs in Guatemala continue in an unsettled condition.
+
+While the Government continues to gain the upper hand, and the insurgent
+leaders are being defeated and obliged to flee the country, the
+condition of affairs is most distressing.
+
+The rebel cause was so strong that none doubted that it would succeed.
+Numbers of the best people in the country sided with the rebels, and
+felt so sure of their ultimate success that they did not scruple to let
+it be known where their sympathies lay.
+
+Now that the Government and Barrios have gained the victory, there is a
+panic throughout the country.
+
+It is felt that the dictator will deal out a heavy punishment to all who
+have revolted against his rule, and in all parts of the country people
+are fleeing from his wrath, leaving their houses and plantations to go
+to rack and ruin.
+
+Our Government fears that the lives and property of our citizens in
+Guatemala may be endangered in the general confusion, and therefore the
+cruiser _Detroit_ has been sent down to the Gulf coast of Guatemala to
+protect the interests of our citizens.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We are sorry to tell you that the forest fires are still increasing in
+New York State.
+
+Half of the people of the town of Huron have been engaged for three
+weeks in fighting the fires, but have made little or no headway.
+
+Forest fires are also raging on the Alleghany Mountains, and word comes
+that the town of Altoona, Pa., is so shrouded in smoke from the fires
+that the sun at noonday is almost invisible.
+
+Better news, however, comes from Nebraska. Rain has fallen there, and
+the terrible drought appears to be over. The farmers are using every
+moment of daylight to plough their fields and get them ready for the
+fall planting.
+
+Showers have fallen almost daily over the State since the drought was
+broken, and, in the few days that have passed, the grass that was so
+terribly burned and parched has sprung up anew, until it looks quite
+fresh and green again.
+
+The farmers are now feeling more hopeful.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We told you about a wonderful roller-boat that was being built in
+Toronto.
+
+It was given its first trial on Saturday, and Mr. Knapp, its inventor,
+declared it to be a great success.
+
+People who were on board this strange craft on its trial trip said that
+when the machinery was put in motion the sensation was anything but
+pleasant. According to their description, it seemed as if the whole ship
+was being lifted into the air, and tilted to such angle that it was
+bound to go over. When they, were half frightened out of their senses by
+the tilting, there came a noise as if all the machinery was bursting at
+the same moment, and when they had made up their minds that the whole
+affair was going to pieces, the vessel began to move through the water.
+
+As soon as it was found that the ship really did move, and that nothing
+was going to blow up, everybody began to praise her, and the trial was
+pronounced a great success.
+
+Although at the trial the boat proved very slow, the builder is so
+enthusiastic about her that he says he is confident she will be able to
+move through the water at the rate of sixty miles an hour.
+
+If this feat is accomplished, the three thousand miles of sea that
+divide us from Europe will be crossed in two days and two hours.
+
+                                               G.H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+
+
+LETTERS FROM OUR YOUNG FRIENDS.
+
+
+     _Editor_ GREAT ROUND WORLD.
+
+     DEAR SIR: Can you tell me more about the map-holder
+     mentioned in No. 47?             W.J.B.
+
+
+DEAR SIR:
+
+If you refer to the map-holder for bicycles, we would suggest that you
+apply to A.G. Spalding & Co., Broadway, New York.          EDITOR.
+
+
+     DEAR EDITOR:
+
+     Will you please explain in the next issue of THE GREAT ROUND
+     WORLD who are eligible to seats in the House of Lords and in
+     the House of Commons? By thus doing you will greatly oblige
+     one who is very much interested in your paper.
+
+
+                                Respectfully yours,
+                                               N.R.
+     MORRISTOWN, N.J.
+
+
+DEAR FRIEND:
+
+The House of Peers (or House of Lords) is composed of all the peers of
+the United Kingdom, the representative Scottish peers, the Irish
+representative peers, and the lords spiritual.
+
+A peer is the holder of one of the five degrees of nobility,--duke,
+marquis, earl, viscount, or baron. These men have their seats in the
+House of Lords by right of birth, and take possession of them when they
+come of age.
+
+The House of Peers takes its origin from the body of lords and barons
+who were summoned to the king's councils in olden times. Besides the
+peers who sit in the House of Lords by right, and who are distinguished
+as the lords temporal, there are twenty-six other lords who also form a
+part of this body, and who are known as the lords spiritual. These are
+the two English archbishops and twenty-four bishops.
+
+The House of Commons is composed entirely of men who are elected by the
+vote of the people.
+
+There are no restrictions whatever of birth, education, or religion. Any
+freeman who is elected can sit in the House. At one time an endeavor was
+made to exclude a man who had been elected because he refused to take
+the oath which is administered to all members of Parliament before they
+can take their seats. This was Charles Bradlaugh. He said he did not
+believe in an oath, but offered to affirm, or give his word instead. The
+House of Commons refused to accept this, and Mr. Bradlaugh was not
+allowed to take his seat. He afterward stated that he was willing to
+take the oath as a matter of form, but this was again objected to. For
+six years he struggled for his seat, and at last was allowed to take it,
+after going through the form of the oath.
+
+A cobbler has sat in the House of Commons and helped make laws for the
+people, and the members of Parliament are of all ranks and ages.
+
+In England, however, men of fortune and family take more interest in the
+affairs of the nation than they do with us, and the majority of the
+members of the House of Commons are wealthy land-owners, baronets, and
+knights, who have large interests at stake, and young men of good family
+who have been educated with the express idea of going into Parliament as
+soon as they were able to find an opening.
+
+                                               EDITOR.
+
+
+     DEAR EDITOR:
+
+     I am one of your subscribers, and think THE GREAT ROUND
+     WORLD a very interesting little paper. Do you think the man
+     that went up in the balloon will succeed in finding the
+     North Pole? I hope he will, and when he comes back give us a
+     good history of it. And do you think that Cuba will get its
+     freedom? I hope it will.
+
+                                             Yours truly,
+     NEW PHILADELPHIA PA.,                          LAURA G.
+
+
+DEAR LAURA:
+
+Great fears are entertained that Professor Andrée has fallen a victim to
+his love for science, and is one more of the unfortunate men who have
+lost their lives in their search for the Pole.
+
+In regard to Cuba--unless Spain really gives the Cubans liberal home
+rule that they can be happy under, they will certainly fight until they
+are free.
+
+                                               EDITOR.
+
+
+We have received a batch of delightful letters from a school in Foxboro,
+Mass. We take great pleasure in printing the three following.    EDITOR.
+
+
+     DEAR EDITOR:
+
+     Your paper came this week. As we read the notes I thought
+     they were quite interesting. I should like to see one of
+     those meteorites you told us about. I shall be very glad
+     when your next paper comes, so I can read about Lieutenant
+     Peary. The school is going to write to you and tell you how
+     we liked your paper.
+
+                                      Yours truly,
+     FOXBORO, MASS.                           C. IRENE B.
+
+
+     DEAR EDITOR:
+
+     We received our paper this morning. We have only read two
+     stories, but we think we shall like it. Our teacher read us
+     about Lieutenant Peary, and about the meteorites he got from
+     Greenland, and about the Tennessee bicycle. Each one in the
+     school wrote a letter. We are going to select the best ones
+     and send them to you. Yours truly,
+
+                                               RALPH E.
+     FOXBORO, MASS.
+
+
+     DEAR EDITOR:
+
+     We received our paper to-day. I think we shall like THE
+     GREAT ROUND WORLD very much. Our teacher read about the
+     meteorites and the bicycles. Each one of us is writing a
+     letter. Yours truly,
+
+                                               HARWOOD W.
+
+     P.S.--I have hurt my right fingers and can't write very
+     well, but am learning to use my left hand.
+
+     FOXBORO, MASS.
+
+
+Every one ought to learn to write with their left hand. In England boys
+and girls are taught to write with both hands. There is a book published
+explaining the method.               EDITOR.
+
+
+     DEAR EDITOR:
+
+     Can you give me further information relative to condensed
+     food described on page 1267 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD? What
+     the probable cost will be; where can it be obtained; how
+     soon before it can be bought; and any other facts you may
+     know relative thereto, and greatly oblige,
+
+     Yours truly,                     E.A.H.
+
+
+DEAR SIR:
+
+For further information about the condensed food, we would suggest that
+you address the New York Condensed Food Co., New York.         EDITOR.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World And What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, November 4, 1897, No. 52, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+***** This file should be named 16175-8.txt or 16175-8.zip *****
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