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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/16139-8.txt b/16139-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e41d8a --- /dev/null +++ b/16139-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1765 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 38, July 29, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 38, July 29, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: June 27, 2005 [EBook #16139] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + +_FIVE CENTS._ + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT + + Vol. 1 JULY 29, 1897 No. 38. +[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter] + +[Illustration: A +WEEKLY +NEWSPAPER +FOR +BOYS AND +GIRLS] + +Subscription +$2.50 per year +$1.25 6 months + + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER + NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + +=Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.= + + +[Illustration: Books] + +To any subscriber securing for us + ... ...1 NEW SUBSCRIPTION + + _we will send post-paid any one of the following books. Printed on + extra laid paper, bound in red buckram, gilt top._ + top.... + + Andersen's Fairy Tales. By Hans Andersen. + Allan Quatermain. By H. Rider Haggard. + Auld Lang Syne. By V. Clark Russell. + Adam Bede. By George Eliot. + Abbé Constantin. By Ludovic Halévy. + Ardath. By Marie Corelli. + Big Bow Mystery. By I. Zangwill. + Bondman. By Hall Caine. + Beyond the City. By A. Conan Doyle. + Black Beauty. By Anna Sewell. + Beatrice. By H. Rider Haggard. + Baron Munchausen. By Rudolph Raspe. + Bryant's Poems. By William Cullen Bryant. + Chouans. By Honoré de Balzac. + Cloister Wendhusen. By W. Heimburg. + Country Sweetheart. By Dora Russell. + Change of Air. By Anthony Hope. + Cowper's Poems. By William Cowper. + Cleopatra. By H. Rider Haggard. + Deerslayer. By J. Fenimore Cooper. + Desperate Remedies. By Thomas Hardy. + Danira. By E. Werner. + Duchess. By The Duchess. + Dorothy's Double. By G.A. Henty. + Diana of the Crossways. By George Meredith. + Doctor Rameau. By Georges Ohnet. + David Copperfield. By Charles Dickens. + Dombey & Son. By Charles Dickens. + Elsie. By W. Heimburg. + Evolution of Dodd. By William Hawley Smith. + Fromont Jr. and Risler Sr. By Alphonse Daudet. + Flower of France. By Marah Ellis Ryan. + Great Keinplatz Experiment. By A. Conan Doyle. + Gladiators. By C.J. Whyte-Melville. + Grimm's Fairy Tales. + House of the Wolf. By Stanley Weyman. + Harlequin Opal. By Fergus Hume. + Hortense. By W. Heimburg. + Heir of Redcliffe. By Charlotte M. Yonge. + Han of Iceland. By Victor Hugo. + Ironmaster. By Georges Ohnet. + In All Shades. By Grant Allen. + Jane Eyre. By Charlotte Brontë. + Kings in Exile. By Alphonse Daudet. + Kidnapped. By Robert Louis Stevenson. + Little Rebel. By The Duchess. + Last of the Mohicans. By J. Fenimore Cooper. + Light that Failed. By Rudyard Kipling. + Light of Asia. By Sir Edwin Arnold. + + * * * * * + + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + * * * * * + +...PREMIUMS... + + * * * * * + +TO ANY ONE SENDING US 4 NEW SUBSCRIBERS + +[Illustration: A Pocket Kodak + + Measures 2-1/4 x 2-7/8 x 3-7/8 inches, makes a picture 1-1/2 x 2 + inches, and weighs only 5 ounces. Delivered ready for 12 exposures + without reloading.] + +The Lens is of the fixed focus type, and of sufficient length of focus +(2-1/2 inches) to avoid distortion. + +Has improved rotary shutter and set of three stops for lens. The slides +for changing stops and for time exposures are alongside of the exposure +lever and always show by their position what stop is before the lens and +whether the shutter is set for time or instantaneous exposures, thus +acting as a warning. + +In the _quality_ of the work they will do, Pocket Kodaks equal the best +cameras on the market. They make negatives of such perfect quality that +enlargements of any size can be made from them. + +The Pocket Kodaks are covered with fine leather, and the trimmings are +handsomely finished and lacquered. They are elegant, artistic, and +durable. + +=For one more subscription we will send with this camera a bicycle +carrying-case= + + * * * * * + +TO ANY ONE SENDING US 9 NEW SUBSCRIBERS + +[Illustration: An Improved + =No. 4= + Bulls-Eye + + For pictures 4x5 inches; delivered ready for 12 exposures without + reloading. Size of camera, 4-7/8 x 5-7/8 x 9-1/4 inches; weight 2 + pounds 2 ounces; length of focus of lens, 6-1/4 inches.] + +Fitted with an achromatic lens of superior quality, having a set of +three stops; has two finders, one for vertical and one for horizontal +exposures; and is also provided with two sockets for tripod screws, one +for vertical and one for horizontal exposures. Fitted with improved +rotary shutter, for snap-shots or time exposures. Can be loaded in +daylight. Handsomely finished and covered with leather. + +=Both of the above cameras are manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Co., +Rochester, N.Y., and this is a guarantee of their worth= + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY= + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: Books] + +To any subscriber securing for us + ... ...1 NEW SUBSCRIPTION + + _we will send post-paid any one of the following books. Printed on + extra laid paper, bound in red buckram, gilt top._ + top.... + + Last Days of Pompeii. By Bulwer Lytton. + Lorna Doone. By R.D. Blackmore. + Lucile. By Owen Meredith. + Merze. By Mary Ellis Ryan. + Man of Mark. By Anthony Hope. + Master of Ballantrae. By Robert Louis Stevenson. + Micah Clarke. By A. Conan Doyle. + Misjudged. By W. Heimburg. + Marvel. By The Duchess. + Marriage at Sea. By W. Clark Russell. + Marooned. By W. Clark Russell. + My Lady Nicotine. By J.M. Barrie. + Mayor of Casterbridge. By Thomas Hardy. + Mill on the Floss. By George Eliot. + Nicholas Nickleby. By Charles Dickens. + Newcomes. By William M. Thackeray. + Prairie. By J. Fenimore Cooper. + Pioneers. By J. Fenimore Cooper. + Pathfinder. By J. Fenimore Cooper. + Pagan of the Alleghanies. By Mary Ellis Ryan. + Phantom Rickshaw. By Rudyard Kipling. + Price He Paid. By E. Werner. + Pickwick Papers. By Charles Dickens. + Red House. By The Duchess. + Red Sultan. By J. Maclaren Cobban. + Romance of Two Worlds. By M. Corelli. + Reproach of Annesley. By Maxwell Grey. + Rienzi. By Bulwer Lytton. + Romola. By George Eliot. + Son of Hagar. By Hall Caine. + Squaw Elouise. By Mary Ellis Ryan. + Sarchedon. By G.J. Whyte-Melville. + Sign of the Four. By A. Conan Doyle. + Study in Scarlet. By A. Conan Doyle. + Silence of Dean Maitland. By Maxwell Grey. + She. By H. Rider Haggard. + Toilers of the Sea. By Victor Hugo. + Tales from Shakespeare. By Charles and Mary Lamb. + Thelma. By Marie Corelli. + Treasure Island. By Robert Louis Stevenson. + Told in the Hills. By Mary Ellis Ryan. + Three Men in a Boat. By Jerome K. Jerome. + Tom Brown's School Days. By Thomas Hughes. + Tom Brown at Oxford. By Thomas Hughes. + Vanity Fair. By William M. Thackeray. + White Company. By A. Conan Doyle. + Wee Willie Winkle. By Rudyard Kipling. + + * * * * * + + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + * * * * * + + * * * * * + + =TO ANY SUBSCRIBER SECURING + ... FOR US 1 SUBSCRIPTION= + + +[Illustration: On Honour's Roll +Tales of Heroes in the +Nineteenth Century] + + =WE WILL SEND POST-PAID ANY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING BOOKS= + +THE STORY OF THE INDIAN MUTINY.= By Ascott R. Hope. 4 illustrations. +12mo. + +=THE ORCHID SEEKERS.= A Story of Adventure in Borneo. By Ashmore Russan +and Frederick Boyle. Illustrated. 8vo. + +=UNDER MANY FLAGS.= Stories of Scottish Adventurers. By Davenport Adams. +Illustrated. 12 mo. + +=THE FUR TRADERS OF THE WEST= or, =The Doones of Fowey=. By E.R. +Suppling. 21 full-page illustrations. 8vo. + +=LOST IN AFRICA.= A Book of Adventure. By Frederick Whishaw. With +full-page illustrations. 8vo. + +=THE DAYS OF BRUCE.= A Story from Scottish History. By Grace Aguilar. +Illustrated. 8vo. + +=THE DESERT SHIP.= A Story of Adventure by Sea and Land. By John +Bloundelle-Burton. Illustrated. 8vo. + +=NUTTALL'S STANDARD DICTIONARY.= Compiled by the Rev. James Wood. +Illustrated. 8vo. 832 pages. + +[Illustration: The Orchid +Seekers] + +=GIRL'S HOME COMPANION.= Edited by Mrs. L. Valentine. Illustrated. 8vo. +Contains full description of indoor and outdoor games and valuable +information concerning embroidery, sewing, and all other occupations and +accomplishments for girls. + +=LEGENDS OF KING ARTHUR AND HIS KNIGHTS.= By J.T. Knowells. 8vo. + +=ON HONOUR'S ROLL.= Tales of Heroism in the Nineteenth Century. By L. +Valentine. Illustrated. 8vo. + +=HARRY RAYMOND.= By Commander Cameron. Illustrated. 8vo. + +=WE THREE BOYS.= By L. Valentine. Illustrated. 8vo. + +=SEA FIGHTS AND LAND BATTLES.= By Mrs. Valentine. Illustrated. 8vo. + +=PUZZLES OLD AND NEW.= By Professor Hoffman. 8vo. With over 500 diagrams +and illustrations. + +=MASTERMAN READY.= By Captain Marryatt. Illustrated. 12mo. + +=SETTLERS IN CANADA.= By Captain Marryatt. Illustrated. 12mo. + +=POOR JACK.= By Captain Marryatt. Illustrated. 12mo. + + * * * * * + + The above are all cloth-bound, well-made books, and are carefully + selected for their interest and character.... + + * * * * * + + =The Great Round World= + =3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY= + + * * * * * + +=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + +3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY= + + * * * * * + + A Good Agent + Wanted + In Every Town + for + "The Great Round World" + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND +WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.] + + VOL. 1 JULY 21, 1897. NO. 38 + +England is preparing to send an expedition into the Soudan to reconquer +the province of Dongola, which was lost during the revolt of the Mahdi +in 1881-85. + +Many of you have probably heard all about the Soudan war, in which the +brave General Gordon lost his life. But that you may understand the +matter fully, it will perhaps be as well to go over it again. + +The Soudan is a vast tract of land in Africa, the boundaries of which +are not very clearly defined. Roughly speaking, it extends from the +Atlantic Ocean on the west to Abyssinia (King Menelik's country) on the +east; and from the desert of Sahara on the north, southward to the +Guinea Coast and the Congo Basin. + +Part of this country was owned by Egypt. If you look at the map you will +see that Egypt borders on the Soudan. + +The portion of the Soudan owned by Egypt comprised Lower and Upper +Nubia, the White Nile region, and the territories around the Red Sea and +the Gulf of Aden, Dongola being one of these Soudanese provinces. + +Egypt is now a dependency of Turkey, and is ruled by a Khedive, who is a +subject of the Sultan. Egypt pays a yearly tribute to Turkey. + +In 1859 the building of the Suez Canal was begun. This canal extends +across the Isthmus of Suez, and connects the Mediterranean Sea with the +Red Sea, opening a waterway between Europe and Asia. + +To accomplish the enormous task of building the canal it was necessary +to have a great deal of money. + +France subscribed one-half, and the Khedive of Egypt the other half. + +But Egypt was not rich enough to advance such a large sum, so after a +while the Khedive sold the shares he owned in the Suez Canal Company to +the British Government, and the canal was then owned half by England and +half by France. + +Having such a heavy financial interest in the country (the cost of the +canal was about one hundred million dollars), both England and France +were anxious to have some control of the government of Egypt to prevent +any legislation that might be hurtful to the development of their +enterprise. + +For some years England and France exercised a joint supervision over +Egypt, but later it was arranged so that England assumed sole charge. + +Much was done by England to develop the natural resources of the +country, and all went well until the rebellion of the Mahdi in 1881. + +The Mahdi claimed to be a Moslem prophet. + +The prevailing religion of Egypt and its provinces is Mohammedanism. + +Now the Mohammedans believe that a great prophet, or Mahdi, will come to +lead them. Under his generalship they expect to gain possession of the +whole world. + +More than one ambitious man has come forward and claimed to be the +Mahdi. + +Whenever such a leader has appeared the people have flocked to his +standard, and through blind faith that success must attend their cause +under his leadership, have done some brave deeds. + +The most important of all the Mahdis was the chief who came forward in +1881, declared himself to be the long-expected prophet, called the +people to his standard, and, taking the field against the British and +Egyptian troops, overthrew the Egyptian power in the Soudan. + +At first the rising of this new Mahdi was not considered serious, but +after a time the rebellion assumed such serious proportions that it +became evident that Egypt alone could no longer hold her provinces in +the Soudan. + +She appealed to England for help, and in 1884 the famous General Gordon +was sent out by the British Government to help the Khedive. + +There were many military posts scattered throughout the Soudan, and the +object of General Gordon's mission was to relieve these garrisons, and +withdraw them safely from the troubled territory. + +General Gordon was known as "Chinese" Gordon, on account of a brilliant +campaign he made in China, for which he was decorated with the yellow +jacket and peacock feather by the Emperor of China. He was chosen to go +to the aid of the Khedive because he had had long experience in Egypt, +having been in the service of the Khedive as Governor-General of the +Provinces of the Equator from 1874 to 1876, and of the Soudan from 1877 +to 1879. + +The story of the stand he made against the forces of the Mahdi at +Khartoum, and of the long-delayed expedition which was sent to his +relief, are among the saddest annals of modern history. + +Khartoum was the capital of the Soudan, and an important commercial +center. + +General Gordon was forced to make a stand here against the Mahdi, and +was besieged in Khartoum from March, 1884, to January, 1885. The city +which had held out so bravely was at last taken by storm and General +Gordon killed. The relief expedition which he had been expecting and +hoping for arrived just two days after the city had fallen. + +With the fall of Khartoum the Egyptian power in the Soudan was +overthrown. + +Lord Wolseley made a campaign against the Mahdi's forces, but it was too +late. + +The Soudanese were lost to Egypt. A strong effort is now being made to +reconquer them. + +The British officers in the Egyptian army have been ordered back to +duty, and it is said that action will be taken in a few weeks. It is +expected that the Mahdists will fight to the death, but they will not be +as powerful this time as they were before, as they are now no longer +united. The tribes south of Khartoum are in open revolt against the +Mahdists, and a part of their forces will have to be detached to quell +them. + + * * * * * + +The news from India is still very discouraging. + +A fresh outbreak has occurred on the outskirts of Calcutta. Eight +thousand workers employed in the silk mills on the Hoogly River have +started for Calcutta to help the rioters. + +The troops at Barrakpur, fifteen miles north of Calcutta, have been +ordered out to intercept the strikers, and prevent their advance upon +the city. They are also carefully guarding the bridges which span the +Hoogly River. This river is one of the mouths of the Ganges. + +While the immediate cause of the outbreak was the quarrel over the +mosques, about which we told you last week, it seems that the anger +against Europeans is really due to the measures which have been taken to +stamp out the plague. + +In India there are many races of people who, while they all live under +the same rule, have each their own special habits and customs. + +These curious customs are rigidly observed. Some must not drink milk, +some must not touch lard, none of them must eat food prepared by persons +who are not of their religion, and many of them must not leave their own +country. + +If they neglect these customs they are said to lose caste--which means +that they lose their social position among their special tribe, family, +and friends. + +To lose caste is a very serious thing to a native of India. + +Europeans are, as a rule, very careful not to offend the natives in +these matters, and are most particular to observe all the customs in +regard to caste. But at the time of the plague it was not possible to +exercise this care. + +When human lives were in danger the doctors did not try to find out +what caste sick persons belonged to, but did what they thought best for +them. + +We know for ourselves, in our own families, that the rules of the Health +Board in regard to sickness are not always agreeable to us. + +We submit to having our invalids taken to hospitals when they have +contagious diseases because we know that we must not endanger other +lives. + +Imagine, then, how the ignorant Indian natives must have felt, when, for +reasons that they could not be made to understand, their sick were +carried away by Europeans, and put into hospitals with people of every +tribe and caste, all to be treated alike, and forced to eat the food +prepared by foreigners. + +They regarded the vigorous means which the Government took to stop the +plague as a personal cruelty to them, and could not be brought to +realize that everything was being done for their benefit. + +Many educated Indians, who were perfectly able to understand that the +Government measures were right and proper, pretended to side with the +people, and, for the sake of stirring up the revolt, published articles +in the papers, and circulated handbills denouncing the wickedness and +cruelty of the British Government. + +This course is likely to give England a great deal of trouble, for the +people of India do not love the Europeans. + +The telegrams say that there is no reason to fear the overthrow of the +British Empire in India, because there are seventy-five thousand white +troops in the peninsula, and they are fully able to keep order there. + +It is thought that the discontent will lead to a series of outbreaks +that will have to be put down by the soldiers, and which will increase +the bitterness already existing between the Europeans and the natives. + + * * * * * + +The Turkish troubles are approaching a crisis. + +We told you that the Sultan was doing all in his power to delay matters, +in the hope that something might happen which would relieve the +situation. + +The Powers are, however, determined to settle the affair, so, finding +they will submit to no more trifling, the Sultan has been forced to make +a move. + +He bade his Minister of Foreign Affairs, Tewfik Pasha, inform the +diplomats that it was useless for them to hold any further meetings, as +he found it impossible to deprive his people of the fruits of their +victory, and so could never agree to relinquish Thessaly. + +Tewfik Pasha added that the Porte insisted that the line of the Turkish +frontier should be established along the river Salammria, which would +give Turkey the possession of Thessaly as far south as Larissa. + +Having caused this announcement to be made, the Sultan had a circular +prepared and sent to his ambassadors abroad, explaining the situation, +and why he could not accept the frontier line as demanded by the Powers. + +It appears that he is convinced that the Powers will not fight him, and +so is determined to defy them and take his own course. + +He is said to have remarked that if the Powers could not force Colonel +Vassos and his handful of soldiers to obey them in Crete, it is not +likely that they will be able to coerce the victorious army of Turkey. + +The Powers are now entirely of one mind. Turkey must obey their wishes, +and obey them quickly. + +On hearing of the Sultan's action, Russia immediately protested, and the +other Powers joined in a collective note to the Turkish Government, +demanding that their terms of peace be complied with. + +The note was very severe in its tone, and insisted that the frontier +line between Greece and Turkey should be fixed according to the wishes +of the Powers, and also that the Powers were determined that peace +should be concluded without further delay. + +It was at first intended that the note should fix a date by which the +Sultan was bound to send his reply, and should state what the Powers +would do in case their request was refused. + +But the note that was sent contained neither of these clauses, and so +the Sultan is not yet convinced that the Powers really mean to fight him +if he remains obstinate. + +The Sultan, who seems to be a very wily diplomat, has in the mean while +been trying to find out the individual feelings of the Powers. + +He sent notes to the various rulers, asking their friendly assistance in +the settlement of the frontier question. + +None of them gave him any encouragement or reason to suppose they would +uphold him in case the matter was brought to an issue. + +The Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria, having assured him of his +friendship, advised him, in very plain language, to conclude peace on +the terms dictated by the Powers. + +He added: "The concert of the Powers is firm and united in its +decisions. Therefore I request your Majesty to take my advice into +earnest consideration." + +The Sultan's great friend, Emperor William of Germany, has also +intimated to him that it would be wise for him to obey the wishes of the +Powers, and not resist the demand for the withdrawal of the Turkish +troops from Thessaly. + +The Russian sentiment is also strongly against Turkey. The official +newspaper of St. Petersburg utters a warning to the Sultan that if he +remains obstinate, the Powers will resort to decided measures to enforce +obedience to their commands. + +France has sent him a very decided refusal to interfere in the matter. + +All this time Turkey has been pushing her war preparations forward, and +is ready to take prompt action in case the peace negotiations should +fall through; indeed, the Turks have already recommenced hostilities. + +Two thousand Turks besieged the town of Kalabaka in Thessaly, the Greeks +defending the place until they were overpowered. + +A great number of the inhabitants fled to the mountains for safety, but +those who were not fortunate enough to escape were cruelly massacred by +the enemy. + + * * * * * + +The Powers have agreed upon the conditions for self-government in Crete. + +A Christian Governor is to be appointed and an annual tribute of $50,000 +is to be paid to Turkey. + +The payment of the tribute will not be commenced until five years have +passed, because Crete has been so laid waste by the war that she will +not be in a position to pay her tribute until she has had time to +recover. + +The foreign troops are to remain on the island until a Cretan militia +has been organized. This militia is to be commanded by European +officers. + +The Turkish troops that remain on the island are to be gradually +withdrawn as peace is restored. + +The Governor is to have the right to appoint and dismiss all government +officials. + +The Assembly, which will manage the affairs of the island, is to be +composed of an equal number of Christians and Mohammedans. + +The affairs of Crete seem thus to be happily settled. It is to be hoped +that brave little Greece, who so recklessly went to her aid, may fare as +well. + + * * * * * + +There is a report from Havana that General Weyler has at last been +recalled to Spain. It has not so far been confirmed, and so may not be +true, but it states that the Spanish Government, disgusted with Weyler's +failure to pacify Santiago de Cuba, has determined to recall him. + +Weyler is said to have declared that to conquer the rebellion he will +need 200,000 more soldiers, and a fresh supply of money amounting to +$200,000,000. + +President Canovas, however, merely promises that in case the Spanish +army suffers very severely in the rainy season, he will send 20.000 men +in October "to inflict a final blow on the insurgents." + +The report from Madrid says that General Ramon Blanco will be Weyler's +successor, and that the fact of the latter's recall will be publicly +announced as soon as he returns to Havana. + +We told you last week that the Cubans were continuing their military +operations despite the rainy season. + +It is now stated on good authority that the long-threatened attack on +Havana is to be made at last. + +It is said that orders have been sent to the insurgent generals to +concentrate their forces in Matanzas province, and, if all goes well, to +advance on Havana. + +It appears that the Cubans are making the weather their ally. + +Accustomed as they are to the country and its climate, it is possible +for them to move their forces despite the muddy roads and the frequent +downpours of rain. + +The Spanish soldiers, weakened by the fevers of the island, are in no +condition to withstand these hardships, and every march they make causes +them as heavy a loss as an engagement would. + +The Cubans are perfectly aware of this fact and are using it to their +own advantage. + +There was a report during the week that General Gomez was hemmed in by a +Spanish column near Sancti Spiritus, and was in great danger. It was +further stated that several of the rebel bands hurried to their chief's +aid as soon as they heard of his peril. + +There would appear to have been little truth in these rumors, for he is +reliably reported to be advancing on Havana. + +A story has reached us about a certain swamp in Matanzas province, which +the Cubans used a great deal in the early part of the war, but have +since been obliged to abandon for want of a guide to lead them through +it. + +This swamp is remarkable for the many beautiful and healthful spots that +are situated in its interior, notwithstanding that it is surrounded by +almost impassable bogs. + +The entrance to the swamp is so little known that in the whole Cuban +army there was but one man who could guide the insurgents through its +intricacies to safety. + +This man, Colonel Matagas, had lived in the swamp for many years, and +was thoroughly familiar with it. + +He was, however, killed in battle, and after his death the Cubans +abandoned all idea of using the swamp. + +The insurgents have lately been joined by a South American named Avelino +Rosas, to whom General Gomez confided the leadership of a portion of the +army. + +This man set himself to learn the secret of the swamp, and after much +patient work discovered it. He immediately devised a means of putting it +to military use, and has besides established a number of Cuban hospitals +in its depths, confident that they will there be safe from molestation +by the Spaniards. + +The insurgents are showing such extreme activity that some stirring +action may be looked for ere long. + +We must not expect a pitched battle, for the insurgents are too wise to +attempt to face the enormous force of Spain in a decisive engagement. +They have been highly successful in their plan of harassing detachments +of the Spanish army while on the march, destroying supplies, capturing +outposts, and thwarting the plans of its leaders. + +Captain-General Weyler has decided to give up the town of Bayamo in +Santiago de Cuba. He has ordered the inhabitants to move to the town of +Manzanillo, and has asked permission of the war department to burn +Bayamo to the ground. + +His reason for giving up Bayamo is that there is so much sickness among +the troops in Santiago that they are not equal to the strain of checking +the activity of the rebels and holding the town. + +We have already told you how the rebels intercept every train of +supplies that is despatched to the outlying cities, and it is easy to +believe that the Spaniards have no light task in trying to hold these +towns. + +You will be glad to know that the crimes against the unfortunate +soldiers are not to be allowed to go unpunished. + +We told you of the shameful system of robbery that prevailed in the +Spanish army; how the unprincipled officers took the money apportioned +by the Government for the soldiers' food, and, pocketing one-half of it, +kept the poor fellows on the short rations they could purchase with the +other half. + +Two hundred Spanish officers and contractors for the army are now +imprisoned at the fortress of La Cabana in Havana, under charges of +fraud in provisioning the army. + +Among these men are some of the highest officers: Colonels, +Lieutenant-Colonels, Majors, and Captains. + +The amount stolen by these men during the two years of the war is +estimated at several millions. The truth of this wholesale robbery came +to light when the soldiers protested against the bad food that was being +given them. When they found their complaints were being unheeded they +deserted in large numbers to the Cubans. + +General Weyler then ordered the arrest of the robbers, and, as we have +said, some two hundred Spaniards were accordingly imprisoned. + +The Cubans have of late acquired so much war material through various +successful filibustering expeditions that they now have more arms than +soldiers for the insurgent army. + +We told you some time ago that General Gomez had said that he could +nearly double his force if he had weapons to put in the hands of the +thousands who volunteered to join him, but that he had been obliged to +refuse many of the men who flocked to his standard because he could not +arm them. Now, however, that the situation has changed, a circular has +been issued from the revolutionary headquarters, calling upon every +insurgent at work in the towns to come and join the army. + +The announcement also asks all Cuban sympathizers to be ready to assist +the insurgents in case they attack the towns. + +This appears to have had a very good effect as far as the insurgents are +concerned, for volunteers are hurrying to the Cuban camp in great +numbers. + +A report from Spain says that an uprising in Alicante is feared. +Alicante is a seaport on the south-east coast of Spain. + +The trouble is on account of the new war taxes which the Government has +levied and to which the people are much opposed. + + * * * * * + +The Tariff Bill has been passed by the Senate. + +It was passed on July 7th by a majority of ten. Thirty-eight Senators +voted for the bill, and twenty-eight against it. + +There was great excitement in the Senate Chamber during the closing +debate on this bill. + +It had been expected that a vote would be reached on the 7th, and so the +members of the House of Representatives flocked into the Senate Chamber +during the entire day. + +The Tariff Bill was taken up at 11:15 in the morning and at 4:15 P.M. it +was finally passed. + +Mr. Allen, of Nebraska, offered an amendment declaring all combinations +and contracts to restrict labor unlawful, but his motion was lost, and +there is no clause against Trusts in the new bill. + +After it had passed, a joint conference was called, and the +Vice-President appointed eight Senators to take part in the discussion +on behalf of the Senate. + +This conference is to settle with the House of Representatives the +changes that the Senate has made in the bill. + +You remember that the Dingley Tariff Bill was passed by the House of +Representatives before it was sent to the Senate. + +Now the Tariff Bill, as it stands to-day, differs in many respects from +the bill as it was received by the Senate. It has therefore been found +necessary to call a conference of members of both Houses to discuss +these points of difference, and arrive at some conclusion in regard to +them. + +The Senate's version of the Tariff Bill will be copied and sent to the +House at once. It has been agreed that it shall be handed over to the +members of the conference without being first discussed in the House. + +The Senators who are opposed to the bill declare that it is the worst +ever framed, while those who favor it insist that it is going to bring +back prosperity. + + * * * * * + +The latest news from the Sandwich Islands is that Hawaii has offered to +arbitrate the immigration matter. + +The Japanese minister has, however, stated that he does not think his +Government will ever consent to arbitration, and so it is not likely the +difficulty will be settled by that means. + +Feeling is running very high in Honolulu. There have been some +unfortunate conflicts between Americans and Japanese there. + +It is reported that an American lady has been severely beaten while +trying to assist her brother, who had been attacked by a number of men +from the warship _Naniwa_. + +While walking in the town with her brother, this lady encountered two +sailors, who stood in her way and would not make room for her to pass. +Her brother pushed the men aside, whereupon they turned on him and began +to beat him. + +When she endeavored to help her brother the Japanese sailors beat her +unmercifully. + +The discussion between the United States and Japan seems no nearer a +peaceable settlement. + +The Secretary of State has made public the official grounds for Japan's +protest. + +They are: + +_First_, that it is necessary for Hawaii to remain an independent state, +in order to preserve a good understanding between the Powers that have +interests in the Pacific Ocean. + +_Second_, that annexation will endanger the rights which Japan has +acquired through her various treaties and contracts with Hawaii. + +_Third_, that annexation might lead to the postponement by Hawaii of the +settlement of claims which Japan already has against her. + +In Hawaii there is a strong desire that the Senate shall ratify the +treaty immediately, and put an end to all further question on the +subject. + +Hawaii mistrusts Japan, and fears that she will do something to prevent +annexation unless our Government is prompt. + +It is rumored in Washington that Japan and Spain are forming an alliance +to embarrass the United States in her dealings with both Hawaii and +Cuba. + +It is felt that speedy action may be the best thing to prevent +complications. + +The Government is seriously considering the advisability of sending +another ship to Honolulu. It is possible that the battleship _Oregon_ +and the gunboat _Concord_ may both be sent to Hawaii. + +The Navy Department realizes that annexation will necessitate a largely +increased navy, and Secretary Long will ask Congress to arrange for the +building of more cruisers and torpedo-boats. + + * * * * * + +On the occasion of the British naval review at Spithead, an illustration +was given of the short time it takes to turn a merchant vessel into an +armed cruiser. + +England, despite her large navy, often has use for more ships than she +possesses. + +To meet this demand she has placed a certain number of merchant vessels +on her Naval Reserve list. By this arrangement the Government has the +right to call out any of these ships when she has need for them. + +At the time of the great naval review it was thought that it would be a +good thing to put this system to a test, and so several of the Naval +Reserve merchantmen were ordered to fit out as gunboats. + +One of the vessels thus put into use was the _Teutonic_ of the White +Star line, one of the regular ocean steamers that ply between England +and America. + +She arrived in Liverpool on June 21st, and immediately received orders +to transform herself into a war-vessel, and take her place in the naval +review at Spithead. + +As soon as her passengers and freight had been landed her crew set to +work to take her war supplies on board. + +A British naval officer had been sent from Portsmouth to superintend the +work, and under his direction magazines and armories were arranged, gun +platforms were built, and sixteen guns were taken on board and mounted. + +In the crew of the _Teutonic_ were some fifty sailors who were members +of the British Naval Reserve. To them rifles and cutlasses were +supplied, and they in their turn were transformed into regular +man-of-war's men. + +The rest of the crew was made up from sailors drafted from other +warships, and then the _Teutonic_ was ready to take her place in the +great Jubilee naval parade. + +So fine an appearance did she make that she was put at the head of one +of the seven lines of vessels in the review, and Captain Cameron, her +commander, received a flattering letter from the flag-officer of his +division, congratulating him upon having the neatest merchant vessel in +the parade. + +It took just forty hours to change the _Teutonic_ from a merchantman +into a war-vessel. + +Captain Cameron is highly delighted at the praise he received. He also +is a member of the Naval Reserve, having the rank of lieutenant. + + * * * * * + +Sandy Hook, which is the first point of land sighted in entering New +York Harbor, has been again converted into an island. + +This strip of beach is a continuation of the New Jersey coast. The +curious thing about it is that it has never been definitely settled +whether it is a peninsula or an island, as it is continually changing +its character. + +The first mention of the Hook, says a writer in one of our current +journals, appears in the diary of Robert Juet, who was the companion of +Hudson during his third voyage in 1609. It was then an island. + +On maps and charts in the possession of the New York Historical Society +it is represented both as an island and a peninsula. + +It was certainly an island in revolutionary times, for when Lord Howe +retreated from the battle of Monmouth by the Navesink road he built a +bridge to Sandy Hook Island. + +Twice during the last century it has tried to get away from the +mainland. + +In 1870, the New Jersey Southern Railway laid a track along the west +beach for a distance of three miles. + +This trestle is now the only connecting link between the island and the +mainland, the water for more than a year having been washing away the +neck of land which joined Sandy Hook to the coast-line. + +The War Department owns part of the Hook. A proving-ground for guns, +armor, etc., has been established there. + +The Assistant Secretary of War has sent word to Speaker Reed asking that +a joint resolution be passed to enable the Department to protect its +property. + +An appropriation of $75,000 was set aside some time ago to repair the +breach made by the sea at the Hook, but the work could not be commenced +until certain laws had been complied with, and the consent of New Jersey +had been secured, or Congress had passed a resolution instructing the +War Department to proceed with the work. + +It will be a great advantage to the Government to close the inlet, as +the heavy guns can then be transferred to the proving-grounds on the +Hook by a railroad built on solid ground, and not liable to give way +under their extreme weight. + +The property-owners in the neighborhood, however, are anxious that the +inlet should remain open, as they say that the Shrewsbury River has been +some two feet deeper since the Hook became an island, the boating and +fishing have much improved, and, above all, the current has become so +much stronger that the river can now drain itself, and has become much +healthier in consequence. + +The Secretary of War has been asked to give the matter his careful +consideration before he allows the work of closing the inlet to be +commenced. + + * * * * * + +Our Government has had cause to complain of England in reference to the +seal question. + +It seems that Great Britain makes hardly any effort to stop the +destruction of the seals, maintaining but two vessels in Bering Sea, +while the United States maintains five. + +We have lately had some correspondence with England on the seal +question, but it has not been made public for fear of causing bad +feeling. + +Mr. Foster, who, as we told you, has been on a special mission to London +and St. Petersburg to arrange the dispute, has met with a friendly +reception in Russia. He hopes that the success of his mission in St. +Petersburg may induce Great Britain to look favorably on it also. + +It is desired that all the countries interested in the matter shall send +delegates to a conference to be held in Washington in October. + +At the conference it is intended to discuss the whole subject anew and +make fresh arrangements. + +The difficulty has been that the Treaty of Paris is still in operation, +and Great Britain is not willing to open the matter until the treaty has +expired. + +The Canadian sealers are much averse to the plan of branding the seals. +We told you about this a few weeks ago. + +Professor Starr Jordan, who is passing through Victoria on his way to +the Seal Islands, there to recommence the work of branding, has met with +a very cold reception from the sealers. + +Professor Jordan has taken with him an electric outfit for branding, +which will do the work more quickly and effectually than the old method. + + * * * * * + +We have to record more labor troubles. + +The coal miners in the United States have gone on strike, in obedience +to the order of the United Mine Workers of America. + +The cause of this strike is that wages have been so reduced that the +miners can no longer earn enough to support themselves. + +The men declare that the strike has been forced upon them by the poor +pay they have received, and that they have been expecting and preparing +for it for some time past. + +They hope to make the strike general, and that it shall be the biggest +ever known. + +The miners all over the country have been ordered to quit work, and it +is expected that they will do so. + +The men in West Virginia at first refused, but the latest reports are +that they are gradually falling in line with the rest. + +In many districts the miners have been offered the price they ask if +they will only go back to work. They have invariably refused, saying +that they will not resume work until the better rate of wages is made +general in all the mines. + +There is danger of a coal famine if the strike lasts very long. + +Several of the Western manufacturing cities are already running short of +coal, and though there is plenty at the pit's mouth, the strikers will +not allow it to be handled until their demands are complied with. + +Efforts will be made to move this coal, and it is feared that the +strikers will then become violent and riotous. Up to the present time +they have been very peaceable. + +The Governor of Indiana has asked the Governors of Ohio, Illinois, and +Pennsylvania to meet him, and discuss plans for arbitrating the +difficulty. + +England also has her labor troubles. A great strike is going on in +London among the engineers. + +It is a struggle for an eight-hour working day. + +The men do not insist that they shall only work eight hours a day, but +that eight hours shall be considered the full day's labor, and all the +work they do over that shall be regarded as overtime, and paid for. + +The strikers have a large fund in reserve to fall back upon, from which +they will each receive a certain weekly sum to give them the necessaries +of life until the trouble is adjusted. + +The fight promises to be a long and bitter one, for the employers +declare that they must hold out till they win, as defeat means ruin to +them. + +The ship-building trade will be the one most seriously affected by the +strike. + + G.H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +DETACHABLE SHELVING FOR WINDOWS.--The scent and the sight of flowers are +the source of so much enjoyment to most persons, and the means of +keeping them in our houses, as a rule, is such a puzzle, that the +"detachable shelving for windows" ought to find favor with everybody, +young or old. + +This shelving is an apparently simple arrangement of three shelves +connected by strong braces running from one to another, and attached to +the sides of the window in two places by screw-eyes and nuts which are +securely fastened in the outer frame of the window. Simple as it +appears, it is very ingeniously contrived, and forms a most desirable +substitute for the window-ledge itself, which is seldom wide enough for +flower-pots to stand on with any degree of safety. + + +STATION-INDICATOR.--We remember once travelling in the winter in almost +the last car of a long train, where we could not see the names of the +stations; the conductor shouted out the stopping-places in a way not +easy to understand, and we had no time-table and did not know when the +train was due. It was the most uncomfortable journey it is possible to +imagine. A station-indicator in each car would forever prevent the +recurrence of such discomfort and anxiety. Curiously enough, two have +been invented within six months; the later one has an endless roll with +the names of all the stations on the route, and, by the movement of a +simple bar, after passing one station the name of the next one appears +in its place. + + * * * * * + +SIMPLE LESSONS IN THE + +STUDY OF NATURE + +By I.G. OAKLEY + + +This is a handy little book, which many a teacher who is looking for means +to offer children genuine nature study may be thankful to get hold of. + +Nature lessons, to be entitled to that name, must deal with what can be +handled and scrutinized at leisure by the child, pulled apart, and even +wasted. This can be done with the objects discussed in this book; they are +under the feet of childhood--grass, feathers, a fallen leaf, a budding +twig, or twisted shell; these things cannot be far out of the way, even +within the stony limits of a city. + +Nor are the lessons haphazard dashes at the nearest living thing; on the +contrary, they are virtually fundamental, whether with respect to their +relation to some of the classified sciences, or with reference to the +development of thought and power of expression in the child himself. + +The illustrations are few, and scarcely more than figures; it is not meant +to be a pretty picture-book, yet is most clearly and beautifully printed +and arranged, for its material is to be that out of which pictures are +made. It will be found full of suggestions of practical value to teachers +who are carrying the miscellaneous work of ungraded schools, and who have +the unspeakable privilege of dealing with their pupils untrammelled by +cast-iron methods and account-keeping examination records. + + =_Sample copy, 50 Cents, post-paid_= + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + 3 & 5 W. 18th St. ˇ ˇ ˇ New York City= + + + =KLEMMS'= +=RELIEF PRACTICE MAPS.= + + * * * * * + +=LIST OF MAPS.= + + Small size, 9-1/2 x 11 { Plain, 5 cents each. + { With Waterproofed surface 10 " " + + Europe, Asia, Africa; North America, South America, East Central + States, New England, Middle Atlantic States, South Atlantic + States, Palestine, Australia. + + + Large size, 10 x 15 { Plain, 10 cents each. + { With Waterproofed Surface, 15 " " + + United States, British Isles, Roman Empire, Western Europe, + North America, South America, Asia. + + (POSTAGE ON SINGLE MAPS, 5 CENTS.) + + * * * * * + +"I would advise =Sunday-school teachers= to use, in connection with the +lessons of 1897, =Klemm's Relief Map of the Roman Empire=. Every scholar +who can draw should have a copy of it. Being blank, it can be beautifully +colored: waters, blue; mountains, brown; valleys, green; deserts, yellow; +cities marked with pin-holes; and the journeys of Paul can be traced upon +it."--MRS. WILBUR F. CRAFTS, _President International Union of +Primary Sabbath-School Teachers of the United States_. + + * * * * * + +=DESCRIPTION OF THE MAPS.= + +These maps are made in two forms, both with beautifully executed relief +(embossed)--the cheaper ones of plain stiff paper similar to drawing paper +(these are to be substituted for and used as outline map blanks), the +others covered with a durable waterproof surface, that can be quickly +cleaned with a damp sponge, adapted to receive a succession of markings +and cleansings. Oceans, lakes, and rivers, as well as land, appear in the +same color, white, so as to facilitate the use of the map as a +=_geographical slate_=. + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + _3 & 5 W. 18th St. ˇˇˇ New York City_= + + + * * * * * + + + =TO ANY ONE SENDING US= + + =...3...= + New Subscribers + +[Illustration: Book-Rest] + + + OAK + WE WILL SEND A WALNUT + =Lambie Book-Rest= IN CHERRY + JAPANNED + OR BRONZED + + This book-rest holds the book in any position and at any slant, so + that you can shift the book when you change your position as freely + as you can move your hand. Can be made fast to chair, table, or + lounge on either side. + + A VERY USEFUL AND CONVENIENT THING + +=And for 5 Subscribers a= + +=Lambie Dictionary-Holder= + + Can be used for any dictionary or large book. Keeps book open or + shut, as desired. Holder carries the weight and you handle it as if + it weighed nothing. Revolves, and is on castors. Can be drawn to + you with one hand. Can be raised or lowered. + +=IN OAK, WALNUT, OR CHERRY +JAPANNED OR BRONZED....= + +[Illustration: Dictionary Holder] + + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + * * * * * + + + + TO ANY ONE SENDING US + + [Illustration: Gold-plated Watch] + + =4= [Illustration: Flourish] + =New= + =Subscriptions= + + WE WILL SEND + EXPRESS PAID + + A stem-wind, stem-set, nickel movement, jewelled balances, + porcelain dial, highly finished throughout + + =Gold-Plated= + =Watch= + + EITHER OPEN FACE OR HUNTING CASE. ENGINE-TURNED (AS SHOWN IN CUT) + OR WITH A HANDSOME ENGRAVED DESIGN ON CASE. + +[Illustration: Divider] + +These watches are made in one of the best-known American factories, are +not clocks but real watches, and are _warranted_ to keep time +accurately. + +[Illustration: Divider] + + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: + WOODEN PUTTER + BRASSIE SPOON + BRASSIE NIBLICK + DRIVER + CLEEK + IRON + LOFTING IRON + MASHIE + NIBLICK + IRON PUTTER] + + =To any one sending us 2 new subscribers= + + we will send, express paid, any one of the golf sticks shown in + cut... + +=These are the most approved shapes and styles and are made in the best +possible manner= + + * * * * * + + =2= special golf balls may be had for + ... =1= new subscription + + * * * * * + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY= + + * * * * * + +=PREMIUM LIST= + + In connection with our offer of any BICYCLE you wish for 100 new + subscriptions, we have prepared a + +=Premium Catalogue= + + This contains a list of selected articles which will be given to + those who may obtain a smaller number of subscriptions + + * * * * * + +Those who fail to secure the necessary number for the bicycle may make +selection from this catalogue. + + + * * * * * + + =Copy mailed on receipt of 5c.= + + * * * * * + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 & 5 West 18th St, New York City= + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 38, July 29, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 16139-8.txt or 16139-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/1/3/16139/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 38, July 29, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: June 27, 2005 [EBook #16139] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/cover.png"><img src="./images/cover-tb.png" alt="Cover Illustration, Globe" title="Cover Illustration, Globe" /></a></div> +<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1897, by <span class='smcap'>William Beverley Harison</span></b></div> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/books.png"><img src="./images/books-tb.png" alt="Books" title="Books" /></a></div> + +<h3>To any subscriber securing for us</h3> +<h2>··· ··· <big>1</big> NEW SUBSCRIPTION</h2> + +<div class='center'><span class="u"><i>we will send post-paid any one of the following<br /> books. Printed on extra +laid paper, bound in red<br/> buckram, gilt top.</i></span></div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="Books A-L"> +<tr><td align='left'>Andersen's Fairy Tales. By Hans Andersen.</td><td align='left'>Doctor Rameau. By Georges Ohnet.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Allan Quatermain. By H. Rider Haggard.</td><td align='left'>David Copperfield. By Charles Dickens.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Auld Lang Syne. By W. Clark Russell.</td><td align='left'>Dombey & Son. By Charles Dickens.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Adam Bede. By George Eliot.</td><td align='left'>Elsie. By W. Heimburg.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Abbé Constantin. By Ludovic Halévy.</td><td align='left'>Evolution of Dodd. By William Hawley Smith.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Ardath. By Marie Corelli.</td><td align='left'>Fromont Jr. and Risler Sr. By Alphonse Daudet.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Big Bow Mystery. By I. Zangwill.</td><td align='left'>Flower of France. By Marah Ellis Ryan.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Bondman. By Hall Caine.</td><td align='left'>Great Keinplatz Experiment. By A. Conan Doyle.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Beyond the City. By A. Conan Doyle.</td><td align='left'>Gladiators. By C.J. Whyte-Melville.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Black Beauty. By Anna Sewell.</td><td align='left'>Grimm's Fairy Tales.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Beatrice. By H. Rider Haggard.</td><td align='left'>House of the Wolf. By Stanley Weyman.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Baron Munchausen. By Rudolph Raspe.</td><td align='left'>Harlequin Opal. By Fergus Hume.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Bryant's Poems. By William Cullen Bryant.</td><td align='left'>Hortense. By W. Heimburg.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Chouans. By Honoré de Balzac.</td><td align='left'>Heir of Redcliffe. By Charlotte M. Yonge.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Cloister Wendhusen. By W. Heimburg.</td><td align='left'>Han of Iceland. By Victor Hugo.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Country Sweetheart. By Dora Russell.</td><td align='left'>Ironmaster. By Georges Ohnet.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Change of Air. By Anthony Hope.</td><td align='left'>In All Shades. By Grant Allen.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Cowper's Poems. By William Cowper.</td><td align='left'>Jane Eyre. By Charlotte Brontë.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Cleopatra. By H. Rider Haggard.</td><td align='left'>Kings in Exile. By Alphonse Daudet.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Deerslayer. By J. Fenimore Cooper.</td><td align='left'>Kidnapped. By Robert Louis Stevenson.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Desperate Remedies. By Thomas Hardy.</td><td align='left'>Little Rebel. By The Duchess.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Danira. By E. Werner.</td><td align='left'>Last of the Mohicans. By J. Fenimore Cooper.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Duchess. By The Duchess.</td><td align='left'>Light that Failed. By Rudyard Kipling.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Dorothy's Double. By G.A. Henty.</td><td align='left'>Light of Asia. By Sir Edwin Arnold.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Diana of the Crossways. By George Meredith.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<div class='center'> +<span class="smcap"><b><big>The Great Round World</big></b></span><br /> +<b><span class="smcap">3 and 5 West 18th St.</span> NEW YORK CITY</b><br /> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<h1>...PREMIUMS...</h1> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/premiumsdiv.png" alt="divider" title="divider" /></div> + + +<h3>TO ANY ONE SENDING US 4 NEW SUBSCRIBERS</h3> + + +<h2>A Pocket Kodak</h2> + +<div class="figleft"><img src="./images/pocketkodak.png" alt="A Pocket Kodak" title="A Pocket Kodak" /></div> + +<p>Measures 2-1/4 x 2-7/8 x 3-7/8 inches, makes a picture 1-1/2 x 2 inches, +and weighs only 5 ounces. Delivered ready for 12 exposures without +reloading.</p> + +<p>The Lens is of the fixed focus type, and of sufficient length of focus +(2-1/2 inches) to avoid distortion.</p> + +<p>Has improved rotary shutter and set of three stops for lens. The slides +for changing stops and for time exposures are alongside of the exposure +lever and always show by their position what stop is before the lens and +whether the shutter is set for time or instantaneous exposures, thus +acting as a warning.</p> + +<p>In the <i>quality</i> of the work they will do, Pocket Kodaks equal the best +cameras on the market. They make negatives of such perfect quality that +enlargements of any size can be made from them.</p> + +<p>The Pocket Kodaks are covered with fine leather, and the trimmings are +handsomely finished and lacquered. They are elegant, artistic, and +durable.</p> + +<div class='center'><b>For one more subscription we will send with this camera a bicycle +carrying-case</b></div> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h3>TO ANY ONE SENDING US 9 NEW SUBSCRIBERS</h3> + +<h2>An Improved</h2> +<h4>No. 4 </h4> +<h2>Bulls-Eye</h2> + +<div class="figright"><img src="./images/bullseye.png" alt="A Pocket Kodak" title="A Pocket Kodak" /></div> + +<p>For pictures 4x5 inches; delivered ready for 12 exposures without +reloading. Size of camera, 4-7/8 x 5-7/8 x 9-1/4 inches; weight 2 pounds +2 ounces; length of focus of lens, 6-1/4 inches.</p> + +<p>Fitted with an achromatic lens of superior quality, having a set of +three stops; has two finders, one for vertical and one for horizontal +exposures; and is also provided with two sockets for tripod screws, one +for vertical and one for horizontal exposures. Fitted with improved +rotary shutter, for snap-shots or time exposures. Can be loaded in +daylight. Handsomely finished and covered with leather.</p> + +<div class='center'><b>Both of the above cameras are manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Co., +Rochester, N.Y., and this is a guarantee of their worth</b></div> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<div class='center'> +<span class='smcap'><b>The Great Round World</b></span><br /> +<span class='smcap'><b>3 and 5 West 18th St.</b></span> <b>NEW YORK CITY</b><br /> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/books.png"><img src="./images/books-tb.png" alt="Books" title="Books" /></a></div> + +<h3>To any subscriber securing for us</h3> +<h2>··· ··· <big>1</big> NEW SUBSCRIPTION</h2> + +<div class='center'><span class="u"><i>we will send post-paid any one of the following<br /> books. Printed on extra +laid paper, bound in red<br/> buckram, gilt top.</i></span></div> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="Books L-W"> +<tr><td align='left'>Last Days of Pompeii. By Bulwer Lytton.</td><td align='left'>Red Sultan. By J. Maclaren Cobban.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lorna Doone. By R.D. Blackmore.</td><td align='left'>Romance of Two Worlds. By M. Corelli.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lucile. By Owen Meredith.</td><td align='left'>Reproach of Annesley. By Maxwell Grey.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Merze. By Mary Ellis Ryan.</td><td align='left'>Rienzi. By Bulwer Lytton.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Man of Mark. By Anthony Hope.</td><td align='left'>Romola. By George Eliot.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Master of Ballantrae. By Robert Louis Stevenson.</td><td align='left'>Son of Hagar. By Hall Caine.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Micah Clarke. By A. Conan Doyle.</td><td align='left'>Squaw Elouise. By Mary Ellis Ryan.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Misjudged. By W. Heimburg.</td><td align='left'>Sarchedon. By G.J. Whyte-Melville.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Marvel. By The Duchess.</td><td align='left'>Sign of the Four. By A. Conan Doyle.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Marriage at Sea. By W. Clark Russell.</td><td align='left'>Study in Scarlet. By A. Conan Doyle.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Marooned. By W. Clark Russell.</td><td align='left'>Silence of Dean Maitland. By Maxwell Grey.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>My Lady Nicotine. By J.M. Barrie.</td><td align='left'>She. By H. Rider Haggard.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Mayor of Casterbridge. By Thomas Hardy.</td><td align='left'>Toilers of the Sea. By Victor Hugo.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Mill on the Floss. By George Eliot.</td><td align='left'>Tales from Shakespeare. By Charles and Mary Lamb.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Nicholas Nickleby. By Charles Dickens.</td><td align='left'>Thelma. By Marie Corelli.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Newcomes. By William M. Thackeray.</td><td align='left'>Treasure Island. By Robert Louis Stevenson.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Prairie. By J. Fenimore Cooper.</td><td align='left'>Told in the Hills. By Mary Ellis Ryan.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pioneers. By J. Fenimore Cooper.</td><td align='left'>Three Men in a Boat. By Jerome K. Jerome.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pathfinder. By J. Fenimore Cooper.</td><td align='left'>Tom Brown's School Days. By Thomas Hughes.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pagan of the Alleghanies. By Mary Ellis Ryan.</td><td align='left'>Tom Brown at Oxford. By Thomas Hughes.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Phantom Rickshaw. By Rudyard Kipling.</td><td align='left'>Vanity Fair. By William M. Thackeray.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Price He Paid. By E. Werner.</td><td align='left'>White Company. By A. Conan Doyle.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pickwick Papers. By Charles Dickens.</td><td align='left'>Wee Willie Winkle. By Rudyard Kipling.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Red House. By The Duchess.</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<div class='center'> +<span class="smcap"><b><big>The Great Round World</big></b></span><br /> +<b><span class="smcap">3 and 5 West 18th St.</span> NEW YORK CITY</b><br /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h3>TO ANY SUBSCRIBER SECURING</h3> +<h3>......FOR US 1 SUBSCRIPTION</h3> + +<h5><span class="u">WE WILL SEND POST-PAID ANY</span></h5> +<h5><span class="u">ONE OF THE FOLLOWING BOOKS</span></h5> + +<div class="figleft"><a href="./images/honour.png"><img src="./images/honour-tb.png" alt="On Honour's Roll, Tales of Heroism in the Nineteenth Century" title="On Honour's Roll, Tales of Heroism in the Nineteenth Century" /></a></div> + +<p><b>THE STORY OF THE INDIAN MUTINY.</b> By +<span class="smcap">Ascott R. Hope</span>. 4 illustrations. 12mo.</p> + +<p><b>THE ORCHID SEEKERS.</b> A Story of Adventure +in Borneo. By <span class="smcap">Ashmore Russan</span> and <span class="smcap">Frederick +Boyle</span>. Illustrated. 8vo.</p> + +<p><b>UNDER MANY FLAGS.</b> Stories of Scottish Adventurers. +By <span class="smcap">Davenport Adams</span>. Illustrated. 12 mo.</p> + +<p><b>THE FUR TRADERS OF THE WEST or, The Doones of Fowey</b>. By <span class="smcap">E.R. +Suppling</span>. 21 full-page illustrations. 8vo.</p> + +<p><b>LOST IN AFRICA.</b> A Book of Adventure. By <span class="smcap">Frederick Whishaw</span>. With +full-page illustrations. 8vo.</p> + +<p><b>THE DAYS OF BRUCE.</b> A Story from Scottish History. By <span class="smcap">Grace Aguilar</span>. +Illustrated. 8vo.</p> + +<p><b>THE DESERT SHIP.</b> A Story of Adventure by Sea and Land. By <span class="smcap">John +Bloundelle-Burton</span>. Illustrated. 8vo.</p> + +<p><b>NUTTALL'S STANDARD DICTIONARY.</b> Compiled by the <span class="smcap">Rev. James Wood</span>. +Illustrated. 8vo. 832 pages.</p> + +<p><b>GIRL'S HOME COMPANION.</b> Edited by <span class="smcap">Mrs. L. Valentine</span>. Illustrated. 8vo. +Contains full description of indoor and outdoor games and valuable information concerning +embroidery, sewing, and all other occupations and accomplishments for girls.</p> + +<p><b>LEGENDS OF KING ARTHUR AND HIS KNIGHTS.</b> By <span class="smcap">J.T. Knowells</span>. 8vo.</p> + +<p><b>ON HONOUR'S ROLL.</b> Tales of Heroism in the Nineteenth Century. By <span class="smcap">L. +Valentine</span>. Illustrated. 8vo.</p> + +<div class="figright"><a href="./images/orchid.png"><img src="./images/orchid-tb.png" alt="The Orchid Seekers" title="The Orchid Seekers" /></a></div> + +<p><b>HARRY RAYMOND.</b> By <span class="smcap">Commander Cameron</span>. Illustrated. 8vo.</p> + +<p><b>WE THREE BOYS.</b> By <span class="smcap">L. Valentine</span>. Illustrated. 8vo.</p> + +<p><b>SEA FIGHTS AND LAND BATTLES.</b> By <span class="smcap">Mrs. Valentine</span>. Illustrated. 8vo.</p> + +<p><b>PUZZLES OLD AND NEW.</b> By <span class="smcap">Professor Hoffman</span>. +8vo. With over 500 diagrams and illustrations.</p> + +<p><b>MASTERMAN READY.</b> By <span class="smcap">Captain Marryatt</span>. +Illustrated. 12mo.</p> + +<p><b>SETTLERS IN CANADA.</b> By <span class="smcap">Captain Marryatt</span>. +Illustrated. 12mo.</p> + +<p><b>POOR JACK.</b> By <span class="smcap">Captain Marryatt</span>. Illustrated. +12mo.</p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<div class='blockquot'>The above are all cloth-bound, well-made +books, and are carefully selected +for their interest and character....</div> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> +<div class='center'> +<b><span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span></b><br /> +<b><span class="smcap">3 and 5 west 18th St. new york city</span></b><br /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/agent.png" alt="A Good Agent Wanted in Every Town For The Great Round World" title="A Good Agent Wanted in Every Town For The Great Round World" /></div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.png" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p> + +<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1 <span class='smcap'>July</span> 29, 1897. <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 38</b></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p>England is preparing to send an expedition into the Soudan to reconquer +the province of Dongola, which was lost during the revolt of the Mahdi +in 1881-85.</p> + +<p>Many of you have probably heard all about the Soudan war, in which the +brave General Gordon lost his life. But that you may understand the +matter fully, it will perhaps be as well to go over it again.</p> + +<p>The Soudan is a vast tract of land in Africa, the boundaries of which +are not very clearly defined. Roughly speaking, it extends from the +Atlantic Ocean on the west to Abyssinia (King Menelik's country) on the +east; and from the desert of Sahara on the north, southward to the +Guinea Coast and the Congo Basin.</p> + +<p>Part of this country was owned by Egypt. If you look at the map you will +see that Egypt borders on the Soudan.</p> + +<p>The portion of the Soudan owned by Egypt comprised Lower and Upper +Nubia, the White Nile region, and the territories around the Red Sea and +the Gulf of Aden, Dongola being one of these Soudanese provinces. <a name="Page_1170" id="Page_1170"></a></p> + +<p>Egypt is now a dependency of Turkey, and is ruled by a Khedive, who is a +subject of the Sultan. Egypt pays a yearly tribute to Turkey.</p> + +<p>In 1859 the building of the Suez Canal was begun. This canal extends +across the Isthmus of Suez, and connects the Mediterranean Sea with the +Red Sea, opening a waterway between Europe and Asia.</p> + +<p>To accomplish the enormous task of building the canal it was necessary +to have a great deal of money.</p> + +<p>France subscribed one-half, and the Khedive of Egypt the other half.</p> + +<p>But Egypt was not rich enough to advance such a large sum, so after a +while the Khedive sold the shares he owned in the Suez Canal Company to +the British Government, and the canal was then owned half by England and +half by France.</p> + +<p>Having such a heavy financial interest in the country (the cost of the +canal was about one hundred million dollars), both England and France +were anxious to have some control of the government of Egypt to prevent +any legislation that might be hurtful to the development of their +enterprise.</p> + +<p>For some years England and France exercised a joint supervision over +Egypt, but later it was arranged so that England assumed sole charge.</p> + +<p>Much was done by England to develop the natural resources of the +country, and all went well until the rebellion of the Mahdi in 1881.</p> + +<p>The Mahdi claimed to be a Moslem prophet.</p> + +<p>The prevailing religion of Egypt and its provinces is Mohammedanism.</p> + +<p>Now the Mohammedans believe that a great prophet, or Mahdi, will come to +lead them. Under <a name="Page_1171" id="Page_1171"></a>his generalship they expect to gain possession of the +whole world.</p> + +<p>More than one ambitious man has come forward and claimed to be the +Mahdi.</p> + +<p>Whenever such a leader has appeared the people have flocked to his +standard, and through blind faith that success must attend their cause +under his leadership, have done some brave deeds.</p> + +<p>The most important of all the Mahdis was the chief who came forward in +1881, declared himself to be the long-expected prophet, called the +people to his standard, and, taking the field against the British and +Egyptian troops, overthrew the Egyptian power in the Soudan.</p> + +<p>At first the rising of this new Mahdi was not considered serious, but +after a time the rebellion assumed such serious proportions that it +became evident that Egypt alone could no longer hold her provinces in +the Soudan.</p> + +<p>She appealed to England for help, and in 1884 the famous General Gordon +was sent out by the British Government to help the Khedive.</p> + +<p>There were many military posts scattered throughout the Soudan, and the +object of General Gordon's mission was to relieve these garrisons, and +withdraw them safely from the troubled territory.</p> + +<p>General Gordon was known as "Chinese" Gordon, on account of a brilliant +campaign he made in China, for which he was decorated with the yellow +jacket and peacock feather by the Emperor of China. He was chosen to go +to the aid of the Khedive because he had had long experience in Egypt, +having been in the service of the Khedive as Governor-General of the +Provinces <a name="Page_1172" id="Page_1172"></a>of the Equator from 1874 to 1876, and of the Soudan from 1877 +to 1879.</p> + +<p>The story of the stand he made against the forces of the Mahdi at +Khartoum, and of the long-delayed expedition which was sent to his +relief, are among the saddest annals of modern history.</p> + +<p>Khartoum was the capital of the Soudan, and an important commercial +center.</p> + +<p>General Gordon was forced to make a stand here against the Mahdi, and +was besieged in Khartoum from March, 1884, to January, 1885. The city +which had held out so bravely was at last taken by storm and General +Gordon killed. The relief expedition which he had been expecting and +hoping for arrived just two days after the city had fallen.</p> + +<p>With the fall of Khartoum the Egyptian power in the Soudan was +overthrown.</p> + +<p>Lord Wolseley made a campaign against the Mahdi's forces, but it was too +late.</p> + +<p>The Soudanese were lost to Egypt. A strong effort is now being made to +reconquer them.</p> + +<p>The British officers in the Egyptian army have been ordered back to +duty, and it is said that action will be taken in a few weeks. It is +expected that the Mahdists will fight to the death, but they will not be +as powerful this time as they were before, as they are now no longer +united. The tribes south of Khartoum are in open revolt against the +Mahdists, and a part of their forces will have to be detached to quell +them.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The news from India is still very discouraging.</p> + +<p>A fresh outbreak has occurred on the outskirts of<a name="Page_1173" id="Page_1173"></a> Calcutta. Eight +thousand workers employed in the silk mills on the Hoogly River have +started for Calcutta to help the rioters.</p> + +<p>The troops at Barrakpur, fifteen miles north of Calcutta, have been +ordered out to intercept the strikers, and prevent their advance upon +the city. They are also carefully guarding the bridges which span the +Hoogly River. This river is one of the mouths of the Ganges.</p> + +<p>While the immediate cause of the outbreak was the quarrel over the +mosques, about which we told you last week, it seems that the anger +against Europeans is really due to the measures which have been taken to +stamp out the plague.</p> + +<p>In India there are many races of people who, while they all live under +the same rule, have each their own special habits and customs.</p> + +<p>These curious customs are rigidly observed. Some must not drink milk, +some must not touch lard, none of them must eat food prepared by persons +who are not of their religion, and many of them must not leave their own +country.</p> + +<p>If they neglect these customs they are said to lose caste—which means +that they lose their social position among their special tribe, family, +and friends.</p> + +<p>To lose caste is a very serious thing to a native of India.</p> + +<p>Europeans are, as a rule, very careful not to offend the natives in +these matters, and are most particular to observe all the customs in +regard to caste. But at the time of the plague it was not possible to +exercise this care.</p> + +<p>When human lives were in danger the doctors did <a name="Page_1174" id="Page_1174"></a>not try to find out +what caste sick persons belonged to, but did what they thought best for +them.</p> + +<p>We know for ourselves, in our own families, that the rules of the Health +Board in regard to sickness are not always agreeable to us.</p> + +<p>We submit to having our invalids taken to hospitals when they have +contagious diseases because we know that we must not endanger other +lives.</p> + +<p>Imagine, then, how the ignorant Indian natives must have felt, when, for +reasons that they could not be made to understand, their sick were +carried away by Europeans, and put into hospitals with people of every +tribe and caste, all to be treated alike, and forced to eat the food +prepared by foreigners.</p> + +<p>They regarded the vigorous means which the Government took to stop the +plague as a personal cruelty to them, and could not be brought to +realize that everything was being done for their benefit.</p> + +<p>Many educated Indians, who were perfectly able to understand that the +Government measures were right and proper, pretended to side with the +people, and, for the sake of stirring up the revolt, published articles +in the papers, and circulated handbills denouncing the wickedness and +cruelty of the British Government.</p> + +<p>This course is likely to give England a great deal of trouble, for the +people of India do not love the Europeans.</p> + +<p>The telegrams say that there is no reason to fear the overthrow of the +British Empire in India, because there are seventy-five thousand white +troops in the peninsula, and they are fully able to keep order there.</p> + +<p>It is thought that the discontent will lead to a series of outbreaks +that will have to be put down by <a name="Page_1175" id="Page_1175"></a>the soldiers, and which will increase +the bitterness already existing between the Europeans and the natives.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The Turkish troubles are approaching a crisis.</p> + +<p>We told you that the Sultan was doing all in his power to delay matters, +in the hope that something might happen which would relieve the +situation.</p> + +<p>The Powers are, however, determined to settle the affair, so, finding +they will submit to no more trifling, the Sultan has been forced to make +a move.</p> + +<p>He bade his Minister of Foreign Affairs, Tewfik Pasha, inform the +diplomats that it was useless for them to hold any further meetings, as +he found it impossible to deprive his people of the fruits of their +victory, and so could never agree to relinquish Thessaly.</p> + +<p>Tewfik Pasha added that the Porte insisted that the line of the Turkish +frontier should be established along the river Salammria, which would +give Turkey the possession of Thessaly as far south as Larissa.</p> + +<p>Having caused this announcement to be made, the Sultan had a circular +prepared and sent to his ambassadors abroad, explaining the situation, +and why he could not accept the frontier line as demanded by the Powers.</p> + +<p>It appears that he is convinced that the Powers will not fight him, and +so is determined to defy them and take his own course.</p> + +<p>He is said to have remarked that if the Powers could not force Colonel +Vassos and his handful of soldiers to obey them in Crete, it is not +likely that they will be able to coerce the victorious army of Turkey. <a name="Page_1176" id="Page_1176"></a></p> + +<p>The Powers are now entirely of one mind. Turkey must obey their wishes, +and obey them quickly.</p> + +<p>On hearing of the Sultan's action, Russia immediately protested, and the +other Powers joined in a collective note to the Turkish Government, +demanding that their terms of peace be complied with.</p> + +<p>The note was very severe in its tone, and insisted that the frontier +line between Greece and Turkey should be fixed according to the wishes +of the Powers, and also that the Powers were determined that peace +should be concluded without further delay.</p> + +<p>It was at first intended that the note should fix a date by which the +Sultan was bound to send his reply, and should state what the Powers +would do in case their request was refused.</p> + +<p>But the note that was sent contained neither of these clauses, and so +the Sultan is not yet convinced that the Powers really mean to fight him +if he remains obstinate.</p> + +<p>The Sultan, who seems to be a very wily diplomat, has in the mean while +been trying to find out the individual feelings of the Powers.</p> + +<p>He sent notes to the various rulers, asking their friendly assistance in +the settlement of the frontier question.</p> + +<p>None of them gave him any encouragement or reason to suppose they would +uphold him in case the matter was brought to an issue.</p> + +<p>The Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria, having assured him of his +friendship, advised him, in very plain language, to conclude peace on +the terms dictated by the Powers.</p> + +<p>He added: "The concert of the Powers is firm and <a name="Page_1177" id="Page_1177"></a>united in its +decisions. Therefore I request your Majesty to take my advice into +earnest consideration."</p> + +<p>The Sultan's great friend, Emperor William of Germany, has also +intimated to him that it would be wise for him to obey the wishes of the +Powers, and not resist the demand for the withdrawal of the Turkish +troops from Thessaly.</p> + +<p>The Russian sentiment is also strongly against Turkey. The official +newspaper of St. Petersburg utters a warning to the Sultan that if he +remains obstinate, the Powers will resort to decided measures to enforce +obedience to their commands.</p> + +<p>France has sent him a very decided refusal to interfere in the matter.</p> + +<p>All this time Turkey has been pushing her war preparations forward, and +is ready to take prompt action in case the peace negotiations should +fall through; indeed, the Turks have already recommenced hostilities.</p> + +<p>Two thousand Turks besieged the town of Kalabaka in Thessaly, the Greeks +defending the place until they were overpowered.</p> + +<p>A great number of the inhabitants fled to the mountains for safety, but +those who were not fortunate enough to escape were cruelly massacred by +the enemy.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The Powers have agreed upon the conditions for self-government in Crete.</p> + +<p>A Christian Governor is to be appointed and an annual tribute of $50,000 +is to be paid to Turkey.</p> + +<p>The payment of the tribute will not be commenced until five years have +passed, because Crete has been <a name="Page_1178" id="Page_1178"></a>so laid waste by the war that she will +not be in a position to pay her tribute until she has had time to +recover.</p> + +<p>The foreign troops are to remain on the island until a Cretan militia +has been organized. This militia is to be commanded by European +officers.</p> + +<p>The Turkish troops that remain on the island are to be gradually +withdrawn as peace is restored.</p> + +<p>The Governor is to have the right to appoint and dismiss all government +officials.</p> + +<p>The Assembly, which will manage the affairs of the island, is to be +composed of an equal number of Christians and Mohammedans.</p> + +<p>The affairs of Crete seem thus to be happily settled. It is to be hoped +that brave little Greece, who so recklessly went to her aid, may fare as +well.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>There is a report from Havana that General Weyler has at last been +recalled to Spain. It has not so far been confirmed, and so may not be +true, but it states that the Spanish Government, disgusted with Weyler's +failure to pacify Santiago de Cuba, has determined to recall him.</p> + +<p>Weyler is said to have declared that to conquer the rebellion he will +need 200,000 more soldiers, and a fresh supply of money amounting to +$200,000,000.</p> + +<p>President Canovas, however, merely promises that in case the Spanish +army suffers very severely in the rainy season, he will send 20.000 men +in October "to inflict a final blow on the insurgents."</p> + +<p>The report from Madrid says that General Ramon Blanco will be Weyler's +successor, and that the fact <a name="Page_1179" id="Page_1179"></a>of the latter's recall will be publicly +announced as soon as he returns to Havana.</p> + +<p>We told you last week that the Cubans were continuing their military +operations despite the rainy season.</p> + +<p>It is now stated on good authority that the long-threatened attack on +Havana is to be made at last.</p> + +<p>It is said that orders have been sent to the insurgent generals to +concentrate their forces in Matanzas province, and, if all goes well, to +advance on Havana.</p> + +<p>It appears that the Cubans are making the weather their ally.</p> + +<p>Accustomed as they are to the country and its climate, it is possible +for them to move their forces despite the muddy roads and the frequent +downpours of rain.</p> + +<p>The Spanish soldiers, weakened by the fevers of the island, are in no +condition to withstand these hardships, and every march they make causes +them as heavy a loss as an engagement would.</p> + +<p>The Cubans are perfectly aware of this fact and are using it to their +own advantage.</p> + +<p>There was a report during the week that General Gomez was hemmed in by a +Spanish column near Sancti Spiritus, and was in great danger. It was +further stated that several of the rebel bands hurried to their chief's +aid as soon as they heard of his peril.</p> + +<p>There would appear to have been little truth in these rumors, for he is +reliably reported to be advancing on Havana.</p> + +<p>A story has reached us about a certain swamp in Matanzas province, which +the Cubans used a great deal in the early part of the war, but have +since been <a name="Page_1180" id="Page_1180"></a>obliged to abandon for want of a guide to lead them through +it.</p> + +<p>This swamp is remarkable for the many beautiful and healthful spots that +are situated in its interior, notwithstanding that it is surrounded by +almost impassable bogs.</p> + +<p>The entrance to the swamp is so little known that in the whole Cuban +army there was but one man who could guide the insurgents through its +intricacies to safety.</p> + +<p>This man, Colonel Matagas, had lived in the swamp for many years, and +was thoroughly familiar with it.</p> + +<p>He was, however, killed in battle, and after his death the Cubans +abandoned all idea of using the swamp.</p> + +<p>The insurgents have lately been joined by a South American named Avelino +Rosas, to whom General Gomez confided the leadership of a portion of the +army.</p> + +<p>This man set himself to learn the secret of the swamp, and after much +patient work discovered it. He immediately devised a means of putting it +to military use, and has besides established a number of Cuban hospitals +in its depths, confident that they will there be safe from molestation +by the Spaniards.</p> + +<p>The insurgents are showing such extreme activity that some stirring +action may be looked for ere long.</p> + +<p>We must not expect a pitched battle, for the insurgents are too wise to +attempt to face the enormous force of Spain in a decisive engagement. +They have been highly successful in their plan of harassing detachments +of the Spanish army while on the march, destroying supplies, capturing +outposts, and thwarting the plans of its leaders. <a name="Page_1181" id="Page_1181"></a></p> + +<p>Captain-General Weyler has decided to give up the town of Bayamo in +Santiago de Cuba. He has ordered the inhabitants to move to the town of +Manzanillo, and has asked permission of the war department to burn +Bayamo to the ground.</p> + +<p>His reason for giving up Bayamo is that there is so much sickness among +the troops in Santiago that they are not equal to the strain of checking +the activity of the rebels and holding the town.</p> + +<p>We have already told you how the rebels intercept every train of +supplies that is despatched to the outlying cities, and it is easy to +believe that the Spaniards have no light task in trying to hold these +towns.</p> + +<p>You will be glad to know that the crimes against the unfortunate +soldiers are not to be allowed to go unpunished.</p> + +<p>We told you of the shameful system of robbery that prevailed in the +Spanish army; how the unprincipled officers took the money apportioned +by the Government for the soldiers' food, and, pocketing one-half of it, +kept the poor fellows on the short rations they could purchase with the +other half.</p> + +<p>Two hundred Spanish officers and contractors for the army are now +imprisoned at the fortress of La Cabana in Havana, under charges of +fraud in provisioning the army.</p> + +<p>Among these men are some of the highest officers: Colonels, +Lieutenant-Colonels, Majors, and Captains.</p> + +<p>The amount stolen by these men during the two years of the war is +estimated at several millions. The truth of this wholesale robbery came +to light when the soldiers protested against the bad food that was being +given them. When they found their complaints <a name="Page_1182" id="Page_1182"></a>were being unheeded they +deserted in large numbers to the Cubans.</p> + +<p>General Weyler then ordered the arrest of the robbers, and, as we have +said, some two hundred Spaniards were accordingly imprisoned.</p> + +<p>The Cubans have of late acquired so much war material through various +successful filibustering expeditions that they now have more arms than +soldiers for the insurgent army.</p> + +<p>We told you some time ago that General Gomez had said that he could +nearly double his force if he had weapons to put in the hands of the +thousands who volunteered to join him, but that he had been obliged to +refuse many of the men who flocked to his standard because he could not +arm them. Now, however, that the situation has changed, a circular has +been issued from the revolutionary headquarters, calling upon every +insurgent at work in the towns to come and join the army.</p> + +<p>The announcement also asks all Cuban sympathizers to be ready to assist +the insurgents in case they attack the towns.</p> + +<p>This appears to have had a very good effect as far as the insurgents are +concerned, for volunteers are hurrying to the Cuban camp in great +numbers.</p> + +<p>A report from Spain says that an uprising in Alicante is feared. +Alicante is a seaport on the south-east coast of Spain.</p> + +<p>The trouble is on account of the new war taxes which the Government has +levied and to which the people are much opposed.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The Tariff Bill has been passed by the Senate. <a name="Page_1183" id="Page_1183"></a></p> + +<p>It was passed on July 7th by a majority of ten. Thirty-eight Senators +voted for the bill, and twenty-eight against it.</p> + +<p>There was great excitement in the Senate Chamber during the closing +debate on this bill.</p> + +<p>It had been expected that a vote would be reached on the 7th, and so the +members of the House of Representatives flocked into the Senate Chamber +during the entire day.</p> + +<p>The Tariff Bill was taken up at 11:15 in the morning and at 4:15 +<span class="smcap">p.m.</span> it was finally passed.</p> + +<p>Mr. Allen, of Nebraska, offered an amendment declaring all combinations +and contracts to restrict labor unlawful, but his motion was lost, and +there is no clause against Trusts in the new bill.</p> + +<p>After it had passed, a joint conference was called, and the +Vice-President appointed eight Senators to take part in the discussion +on behalf of the Senate.</p> + +<p>This conference is to settle with the House of Representatives the +changes that the Senate has made in the bill.</p> + +<p>You remember that the Dingley Tariff Bill was passed by the House of +Representatives before it was sent to the Senate.</p> + +<p>Now the Tariff Bill, as it stands to-day, differs in many respects from +the bill as it was received by the Senate. It has therefore been found +necessary to call a conference of members of both Houses to discuss +these points of difference, and arrive at some conclusion in regard to +them.</p> + +<p>The Senate's version of the Tariff Bill will be copied and sent to the +House at once. It has been agreed that it shall be handed over to the +members of <a name="Page_1184" id="Page_1184"></a>the conference without being first discussed in the House.</p> + +<p>The Senators who are opposed to the bill declare that it is the worst +ever framed, while those who favor it insist that it is going to bring +back prosperity.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The latest news from the Sandwich Islands is that Hawaii has offered to +arbitrate the immigration matter.</p> + +<p>The Japanese minister has, however, stated that he does not think his +Government will ever consent to arbitration, and so it is not likely the +difficulty will be settled by that means.</p> + +<p>Feeling is running very high in Honolulu. There have been some +unfortunate conflicts between Americans and Japanese there.</p> + +<p>It is reported that an American lady has been severely beaten while +trying to assist her brother, who had been attacked by a number of men +from the warship <i>Naniwa</i>.</p> + +<p>While walking in the town with her brother, this lady encountered two +sailors, who stood in her way and would not make room for her to pass. +Her brother pushed the men aside, whereupon they turned on him and began +to beat him.</p> + +<p>When she endeavored to help her brother the Japanese sailors beat her +unmercifully.</p> + +<p>The discussion between the United States and Japan seems no nearer a +peaceable settlement.</p> + +<p>The Secretary of State has made public the official grounds for Japan's +protest.</p> + +<p>They are: <a name="Page_1185" id="Page_1185"></a></p> + +<p><i>First</i>, that it is necessary for Hawaii to remain an independent state, +in order to preserve a good understanding between the Powers that have +interests in the Pacific Ocean.</p> + +<p><i>Second</i>, that annexation will endanger the rights which Japan has +acquired through her various treaties and contracts with Hawaii.</p> + +<p><i>Third</i>, that annexation might lead to the postponement by Hawaii of the +settlement of claims which Japan already has against her.</p> + +<p>In Hawaii there is a strong desire that the Senate shall ratify the +treaty immediately, and put an end to all further question on the +subject.</p> + +<p>Hawaii mistrusts Japan, and fears that she will do something to prevent +annexation unless our Government is prompt.</p> + +<p>It is rumored in Washington that Japan and Spain are forming an alliance +to embarrass the United States in her dealings with both Hawaii and +Cuba.</p> + +<p>It is felt that speedy action may be the best thing to prevent +complications.</p> + +<p>The Government is seriously considering the advisability of sending +another ship to Honolulu. It is possible that the battleship <i>Oregon</i> +and the gunboat <i>Concord</i> may both be sent to Hawaii.</p> + +<p>The Navy Department realizes that annexation will necessitate a largely +increased navy, and Secretary Long will ask Congress to arrange for the +building of more cruisers and torpedo-boats.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>On the occasion of the British naval review at Spithead, an illustration +was given of the short time <a name="Page_1186" id="Page_1186"></a>it takes to turn a merchant vessel into an +armed cruiser.</p> + +<p>England, despite her large navy, often has use for more ships than she +possesses.</p> + +<p>To meet this demand she has placed a certain number of merchant vessels +on her Naval Reserve list. By this arrangement the Government has the +right to call out any of these ships when she has need for them.</p> + +<p>At the time of the great naval review it was thought that it would be a +good thing to put this system to a test, and so several of the Naval +Reserve merchantmen were ordered to fit out as gunboats.</p> + +<p>One of the vessels thus put into use was the <i>Teutonic</i> of the White +Star line, one of the regular ocean steamers that ply between England +and America.</p> + +<p>She arrived in Liverpool on June 21st, and immediately received orders +to transform herself into a war-vessel, and take her place in the naval +review at Spithead.</p> + +<p>As soon as her passengers and freight had been landed her crew set to +work to take her war supplies on board.</p> + +<p>A British naval officer had been sent from Portsmouth to superintend the +work, and under his direction magazines and armories were arranged, gun +platforms were built, and sixteen guns were taken on board and mounted.</p> + +<p>In the crew of the <i>Teutonic</i> were some fifty sailors who were members +of the British Naval Reserve. To them rifles and cutlasses were +supplied, and they in their turn were transformed into regular +man-of-war's men.</p> + +<p>The rest of the crew was made up from sailors <a name="Page_1187" id="Page_1187"></a>drafted from other +warships, and then the <i>Teutonic</i> was ready to take her place in the +great Jubilee naval parade.</p> + +<p>So fine an appearance did she make that she was put at the head of one +of the seven lines of vessels in the review, and Captain Cameron, her +commander, received a flattering letter from the flag-officer of his +division, congratulating him upon having the neatest merchant vessel in +the parade.</p> + +<p>It took just forty hours to change the <i>Teutonic</i> from a merchantman +into a war-vessel.</p> + +<p>Captain Cameron is highly delighted at the praise he received. He also +is a member of the Naval Reserve, having the rank of lieutenant.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Sandy Hook, which is the first point of land sighted in entering New +York Harbor, has been again converted into an island.</p> + +<p>This strip of beach is a continuation of the New Jersey coast. The +curious thing about it is that it has never been definitely settled +whether it is a peninsula or an island, as it is continually changing +its character.</p> + +<p>The first mention of the Hook, says a writer in one of our current +journals, appears in the diary of Robert Juet, who was the companion of +Hudson during his third voyage in 1609. It was then an island.</p> + +<p>On maps and charts in the possession of the New York Historical Society +it is represented both as an island and a peninsula.</p> + +<p>It was certainly an island in revolutionary times, for when Lord Howe +retreated from the battle of Mon<a name="Page_1188" id="Page_1188"></a>mouth by the Navesink road he built a +bridge to Sandy Hook Island.</p> + +<p>Twice during the last century it has tried to get away from the +mainland.</p> + +<p>In 1870, the New Jersey Southern Railway laid a track along the west +beach for a distance of three miles.</p> + +<p>This trestle is now the only connecting link between the island and the +mainland, the water for more than a year having been washing away the +neck of land which joined Sandy Hook to the coast-line.</p> + +<p>The War Department owns part of the Hook. A proving-ground for guns, +armor, etc., has been established there.</p> + +<p>The Assistant Secretary of War has sent word to Speaker Reed asking that +a joint resolution be passed to enable the Department to protect its +property.</p> + +<p>An appropriation of $75,000 was set aside some time ago to repair the +breach made by the sea at the Hook, but the work could not be commenced +until certain laws had been complied with, and the consent of New Jersey +had been secured, or Congress had passed a resolution instructing the +War Department to proceed with the work.</p> + +<p>It will be a great advantage to the Government to close the inlet, as +the heavy guns can then be transferred to the proving-grounds on the +Hook by a railroad built on solid ground, and not liable to give way +under their extreme weight.</p> + +<p>The property-owners in the neighborhood, however, are anxious that the +inlet should remain open, as they say that the Shrewsbury River has been +some two feet deeper since the Hook became an island, the boat<a name="Page_1189" id="Page_1189"></a>ing and +fishing have much improved, and, above all, the current has become so +much stronger that the river can now drain itself, and has become much +healthier in consequence.</p> + +<p>The Secretary of War has been asked to give the matter his careful +consideration before he allows the work of closing the inlet to be +commenced.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Our Government has had cause to complain of England in reference to the +seal question.</p> + +<p>It seems that Great Britain makes hardly any effort to stop the +destruction of the seals, maintaining but two vessels in Bering Sea, +while the United States maintains five.</p> + +<p>We have lately had some correspondence with England on the seal +question, but it has not been made public for fear of causing bad +feeling.</p> + +<p>Mr. Foster, who, as we told you, has been on a special mission to London +and St. Petersburg to arrange the dispute, has met with a friendly +reception in Russia. He hopes that the success of his mission in St. +Petersburg may induce Great Britain to look favorably on it also.</p> + +<p>It is desired that all the countries interested in the matter shall send +delegates to a conference to be held in Washington in October.</p> + +<p>At the conference it is intended to discuss the whole subject anew and +make fresh arrangements.</p> + +<p>The difficulty has been that the Treaty of Paris is still in operation, +and Great Britain is not willing to open the matter until the treaty has +expired.</p> + +<p>The Canadian sealers are much averse to the plan <a name="Page_1190" id="Page_1190"></a>of branding the seals. +We told you about this a few weeks ago.</p> + +<p>Professor Starr Jordan, who is passing through Victoria on his way to +the Seal Islands, there to recommence the work of branding, has met with +a very cold reception from the sealers.</p> + +<p>Professor Jordan has taken with him an electric outfit for branding, +which will do the work more quickly and effectually than the old method.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>We have to record more labor troubles.</p> + +<p>The coal miners in the United States have gone on strike, in obedience +to the order of the United Mine Workers of America.</p> + +<p>The cause of this strike is that wages have been so reduced that the +miners can no longer earn enough to support themselves.</p> + +<p>The men declare that the strike has been forced upon them by the poor +pay they have received, and that they have been expecting and preparing +for it for some time past.</p> + +<p>They hope to make the strike general, and that it shall be the biggest +ever known.</p> + +<p>The miners all over the country have been ordered to quit work, and it +is expected that they will do so.</p> + +<p>The men in West Virginia at first refused, but the latest reports are +that they are gradually falling in line with the rest.</p> + +<p>In many districts the miners have been offered the price they ask if +they will only go back to work. They have invariably refused, saying +that they will not resume work until the better rate of wages is made +general in all the mines. <a name="Page_1191" id="Page_1191"></a></p> + +<p>There is danger of a coal famine if the strike lasts very long.</p> + +<p>Several of the Western manufacturing cities are already running short of +coal, and though there is plenty at the pit's mouth, the strikers will +not allow it to be handled until their demands are complied with.</p> + +<p>Efforts will be made to move this coal, and it is feared that the +strikers will then become violent and riotous. Up to the present time +they have been very peaceable.</p> + +<p>The Governor of Indiana has asked the Governors of Ohio, Illinois, and +Pennsylvania to meet him, and discuss plans for arbitrating the +difficulty.</p> + +<p>England also has her labor troubles. A great strike is going on in +London among the engineers.</p> + +<p>It is a struggle for an eight-hour working day.</p> + +<p>The men do not insist that they shall only work eight hours a day, but +that eight hours shall be considered the full day's labor, and all the +work they do over that shall be regarded as overtime, and paid for.</p> + +<p>The strikers have a large fund in reserve to fall back upon, from which +they will each receive a certain weekly sum to give them the necessaries +of life until the trouble is adjusted.</p> + +<p>The fight promises to be a long and bitter one, for the employers +declare that they must hold out till they win, as defeat means ruin to +them.</p> + +<p>The ship-building trade will be the one most seriously affected by the +strike.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 22em;">G.H.</span><span class="smcap"> Rosenfeld</span>.<br /> + <a name="Page_1192" id="Page_1192"></a></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.</h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Detachable Shelving for Windows</span>.—The scent and the sight of +flowers are the source of so much enjoyment to most persons, and the +means of keeping them in our houses, as a rule, is such a puzzle, that +the "detachable shelving for windows" ought to find favor with +everybody, young or old.</p> + +<p>This shelving is an apparently simple arrangement of three shelves +connected by strong braces running from one to another, and attached to +the sides of the window in two places by screw-eyes and nuts which are +securely fastened in the outer frame of the window. Simple as it +appears, it is very ingeniously contrived, and forms a most desirable +substitute for the window-ledge itself, which is seldom wide enough for +flower-pots to stand on with any degree of safety.<br /><br /></p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Station-Indicator</span>.—We remember once travelling in the winter +in almost the last car of a long train, where we could not see the names +of the stations; the conductor shouted out the stopping-places in a way +not easy to understand, and we had no time-table and did not know when +the train was due. It was the most uncomfortable journey it is possible +to imagine. A station-indicator in each car would forever prevent the +recurrence of such discomfort and anxiety. Curiously enough, two have +been invented within six months; the later one has an endless roll with +the names of all the stations on the route, and, by the movement of a +simple bar, after passing one station the name of the next one appears +in its place.</p> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>SIMPLE LESSONS IN THE</h2> + +<h2>STUDY OF NATURE</h2> + +<h3>By I.G. OAKLEY</h3> + + +<p>This is a handy little book, which many a teacher who is looking for means +to offer children genuine nature study may be thankful to get hold of.</p> + +<p>Nature lessons, to be entitled to that name, must deal with what can be +handled and scrutinized at leisure by the child, pulled apart, and even +wasted. This can be done with the objects discussed in this book; they are +under the feet of childhood—grass, feathers, a fallen leaf, a budding +twig, or twisted shell; these things cannot be far out of the way, even +within the stony limits of a city.</p> + +<p>Nor are the lessons haphazard dashes at the nearest living thing; on the +contrary, they are virtually fundamental, whether with respect to their +relation to some of the classified sciences, or with reference to the +development of thought and power of expression in the child himself.</p> + +<p>The illustrations are few, and scarcely more than figures; it is not meant +to be a pretty picture-book, yet is most clearly and beautifully printed +and arranged, for its material is to be that out of which pictures are +made. It will be found full of suggestions of practical value to teachers +who are carrying the miscellaneous work of ungraded schools, and who have +the unspeakable privilege of dealing with their pupils untrammelled by +cast-iron methods and account-keeping examination records.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> +<div class='center'> +<b><i>Sample copy, 50 Cents, post-paid</i></b><br /> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<div class='center'> +<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON<br /> +3 & 5 W. 18th St. · · · New York City</b><br /> +</div> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/klemms.png" alt="Klemm's Relief Practice Maps" title="Klemm's Relief Practice Maps" /></p> + +<div class='center'><b>LIST OF MAPS.</b></div> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Maps 1"> +<tr><td align='left'>Small size, 9-1/2 x 11</td><td align='left'>{ Plain,</td><td align='left'>5</td><td align='left'>cents</td><td align='left'>each.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>{ With Waterproofed surface</td><td align='left'>10</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='center'>"</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<div class="center"> +Europe, Asia, Africa; North America, South America, East Central States, +New England, Middle Atlantic States, South Atlantic States, +Palestine, Australia.</div> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Maps 2"> +<tr><td align='left'>Large size, 10 x 15</td><td align='left'>{ Plain,</td><td align='left'>10 </td><td align='left'>cents</td><td align='left'> each.</td></tr> + +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>{ With Waterproofed Surface,</td><td align='left'>15</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='center'>"</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<div class="center"> +United States, British Isles, Roman Empire, Western Europe, +North America, South America, Asia.<br /> +<br /> +(POSTAGE ON SINGLE MAPS, 5 CENTS.)<br /> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>"I would advise <b>Sunday-school teachers</b> to use, in connection with the +lessons of 1897, <b>Klemm's Relief Map of the Roman Empire</b>. Every scholar +who can draw should have a copy of it. Being blank, it can be beautifully +colored: waters, blue; mountains, brown; valleys, green; deserts, yellow; +cities marked with pin-holes; and the journeys of Paul can be traced upon +it."—<span class='smcap'>Mrs. Wilbur F. Crafts</span>, <i>President International Union of +Primary Sabbath-School Teachers of the United States</i>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<div class='center'><b>DESCRIPTION OF THE MAPS.</b></div> + +<p>These maps are made in two forms, both with beautifully executed relief +(embossed)—the cheaper ones of plain stiff paper similar to drawing paper +(these are to be substituted for and used as outline map blanks), the +others covered with a durable waterproof surface, that can be quickly +cleaned with a damp sponge, adapted to receive a succession of markings +and cleansings. Oceans, lakes, and rivers, as well as land, appear in the +same color, white, so as to facilitate the use of the map as a +<b><i>geographical slate</i></b>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<div class="center"> +<b>WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON</b><br /> + +<b><i>3 & 5 W. 18th St. · · · New York City</i></b> +</div> + + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> + + +<h3>TO ANY ONE SENDING US</h3> +<h2>...3...</h2> + +<h3><span class="u">New Subscribers</span></h3> + +<div class="figleft"><a href="./images/bookrest.png"><img src="./images/bookrest-tb.png" alt="Book-Rest" title="Book-Rest" /></a></div> + + +<p><span class="smcap">we will send a</span></p> + +<p><b><big>Lambie Book-Rest</big></b></p> + +<div> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">OAK</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">WALNUT</span><br /> +IN CHERRY<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">JAPANNED</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">OR BRONZED</span><br /> +<br /><br /></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><span class='smcap'>This</span> book-rest holds the book in any position +and at any slant, so that you can shift +the book when you change your position as +freely as you can move your hand. Can be +made fast to chair, table, or lounge on either side.</div> + +<p><span class="u">A VERY USEFUL AND CONVENIENT THING</span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/watchbdiv.png" alt="Divider" title="William Divider" /></div> + +<p><b>And for <big>5</big> Subscribers a</b></p> + +<h3>Lambie Dictionary-Holder</h3> + +<div class="figright"> +<a href="./images/bookholder.png"><img src="./images/bookholder-tb.png" alt="Dictionary-Holder" title="Dictionary-Holder" /></a> +</div> + +<div class="blockquot"><span class='smallcap'>Can</span> be used for any dictionary or large +book. Keeps book open or shut, as desired. +Holder carries the weight and you +handle it as if it weighed nothing. Revolves, +and is on castors. Can be drawn to you +with one hand. Can be raised or lowered.<br /><br /></div> + +<div><b>IN OAK, WALNUT, OR CHERRY<br /> +JAPANNED OR BRONZED....</b><br /><br /></div> + +<div class='center'> +<span class="smcap"><b>The Great Round World</b></span><br /> +<span class="smcap"><b>3 and 5 west 18th St. new york city</b></span><br /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + +<h2> +<span class="smcap">To any one sending us</span></h2> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/watch4.png" alt="4 and Flourish" title="4 and Flourish" /></div> +<div class="figleft"><img src="./images/watch.png" alt="Gold-plated Watch" title="Gold-plated Watch" /></div> + +<div><big><b>New</b></big><br /> +<big><b>Subscriptions</b></big><br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 5em;"> </span><span class="smcap">we will send</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 5em;"> </span><span class="smcap">express paid</span><br /> +</div> + +<div class="blockquot"><span class="u">A stem-wind, stem-set, nickel<br /> +movement, jewelled balances,<br /> +porcelain dial, highly finished<br /> +throughout .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..</span><br /><br /></div> + +<div> +<big><b>Gold-Plated</b></big><br /> +<big><b>Watch</b></big><br /> +</div> + +<div class="blockquot"><span class="u">Either open face or hunting case.<br /> +Engine-turned (as shown in cut) or with<br /> +a handsome engraved design on case. .. ..</span></div> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/watchbdiv.png" alt="Divider" title="Divider" /></div> + + +<p>These watches are made in one of the best-known +American factories, are not clocks but +real watches, and are <i>warranted</i> to keep time +accurately.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/watchbdiv.png" alt="Divider" title="Divider" /></div> + + +<div class='center'> +<span class="smcap"><b>The Great Round World</b></span><br /> +<span class="smcap"><b>3 and 5 west 18th St. new york city</b></span><br /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter"><a href="./images/golf.png"><img src="./images/golf-tb.png" alt="Golf Clubs" title="Golf Clubs" /></a></div> + + +<h2>To any one sending us 2 new subscribers</h2> + +<div class="center">we will send, express paid, any one of<br /> +the golf sticks shown in cut. .. .. .. .. </div> + +<div class='blockquot'><b>THESE ARE THE MOST APPROVED SHAPES AND STYLES AND ARE MADE IN THE BEST +POSSIBLE MANNER</b></div> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 12.5em;"><b>2</b> special golf balls may be had for</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 18.5em;">. . . <b><big>1</big></b></span> <span class="u">new subscription</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<div class="center"><span class='smcap'><b>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</b></span><br /> +<b>3 & 5 West 18th St., New York City</b></div> + +<hr style='width: 65%;' /> +<h2>PREMIUM LIST</h2> + +<div class="center"><span class="u">In connection with our offer of<br /> +any BICYCLE you wish for 100 <br />new +subscriptions, we have prepared a</span></div> + +<h3>Premium Catalogue</h3> + +<div class="center"><span class="u">This contains a list of selected <br /> +articles which will be given <br /> +to those who may obtain a smaller <br /> +number of subscriptions.</span></div> + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="./images/premiumlist.png" alt="divider" title="divider" /></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Those who fail to secure the necessary number for the bicycle may make +selection from this catalogue.</p></div> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> +<div class='center'><b>Copy mailed on receipt of 5c.</b></div> +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> +<div class="center"><span class='smcap'><b>THE GREAT ROUND WORLD</b></span><br /> +<b>3 & 5 West 18th St., New York City</b></div> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 38, July 29, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 16139-h.htm or 16139-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/1/3/16139/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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index 0000000..ef7f673 --- /dev/null +++ b/16139-h/images/watchbdiv.png diff --git a/16139.txt b/16139.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1cfae19 --- /dev/null +++ b/16139.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1765 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 38, July 29, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 38, July 29, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: June 27, 2005 [EBook #16139] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + +_FIVE CENTS._ + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT + + Vol. 1 JULY 29, 1897 No. 38. +[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter] + +[Illustration: A +WEEKLY +NEWSPAPER +FOR +BOYS AND +GIRLS] + +Subscription +$2.50 per year +$1.25 6 months + + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER + NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. 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NO. 38 + +England is preparing to send an expedition into the Soudan to reconquer +the province of Dongola, which was lost during the revolt of the Mahdi +in 1881-85. + +Many of you have probably heard all about the Soudan war, in which the +brave General Gordon lost his life. But that you may understand the +matter fully, it will perhaps be as well to go over it again. + +The Soudan is a vast tract of land in Africa, the boundaries of which +are not very clearly defined. Roughly speaking, it extends from the +Atlantic Ocean on the west to Abyssinia (King Menelik's country) on the +east; and from the desert of Sahara on the north, southward to the +Guinea Coast and the Congo Basin. + +Part of this country was owned by Egypt. If you look at the map you will +see that Egypt borders on the Soudan. + +The portion of the Soudan owned by Egypt comprised Lower and Upper +Nubia, the White Nile region, and the territories around the Red Sea and +the Gulf of Aden, Dongola being one of these Soudanese provinces. + +Egypt is now a dependency of Turkey, and is ruled by a Khedive, who is a +subject of the Sultan. Egypt pays a yearly tribute to Turkey. + +In 1859 the building of the Suez Canal was begun. This canal extends +across the Isthmus of Suez, and connects the Mediterranean Sea with the +Red Sea, opening a waterway between Europe and Asia. + +To accomplish the enormous task of building the canal it was necessary +to have a great deal of money. + +France subscribed one-half, and the Khedive of Egypt the other half. + +But Egypt was not rich enough to advance such a large sum, so after a +while the Khedive sold the shares he owned in the Suez Canal Company to +the British Government, and the canal was then owned half by England and +half by France. + +Having such a heavy financial interest in the country (the cost of the +canal was about one hundred million dollars), both England and France +were anxious to have some control of the government of Egypt to prevent +any legislation that might be hurtful to the development of their +enterprise. + +For some years England and France exercised a joint supervision over +Egypt, but later it was arranged so that England assumed sole charge. + +Much was done by England to develop the natural resources of the +country, and all went well until the rebellion of the Mahdi in 1881. + +The Mahdi claimed to be a Moslem prophet. + +The prevailing religion of Egypt and its provinces is Mohammedanism. + +Now the Mohammedans believe that a great prophet, or Mahdi, will come to +lead them. Under his generalship they expect to gain possession of the +whole world. + +More than one ambitious man has come forward and claimed to be the +Mahdi. + +Whenever such a leader has appeared the people have flocked to his +standard, and through blind faith that success must attend their cause +under his leadership, have done some brave deeds. + +The most important of all the Mahdis was the chief who came forward in +1881, declared himself to be the long-expected prophet, called the +people to his standard, and, taking the field against the British and +Egyptian troops, overthrew the Egyptian power in the Soudan. + +At first the rising of this new Mahdi was not considered serious, but +after a time the rebellion assumed such serious proportions that it +became evident that Egypt alone could no longer hold her provinces in +the Soudan. + +She appealed to England for help, and in 1884 the famous General Gordon +was sent out by the British Government to help the Khedive. + +There were many military posts scattered throughout the Soudan, and the +object of General Gordon's mission was to relieve these garrisons, and +withdraw them safely from the troubled territory. + +General Gordon was known as "Chinese" Gordon, on account of a brilliant +campaign he made in China, for which he was decorated with the yellow +jacket and peacock feather by the Emperor of China. He was chosen to go +to the aid of the Khedive because he had had long experience in Egypt, +having been in the service of the Khedive as Governor-General of the +Provinces of the Equator from 1874 to 1876, and of the Soudan from 1877 +to 1879. + +The story of the stand he made against the forces of the Mahdi at +Khartoum, and of the long-delayed expedition which was sent to his +relief, are among the saddest annals of modern history. + +Khartoum was the capital of the Soudan, and an important commercial +center. + +General Gordon was forced to make a stand here against the Mahdi, and +was besieged in Khartoum from March, 1884, to January, 1885. The city +which had held out so bravely was at last taken by storm and General +Gordon killed. The relief expedition which he had been expecting and +hoping for arrived just two days after the city had fallen. + +With the fall of Khartoum the Egyptian power in the Soudan was +overthrown. + +Lord Wolseley made a campaign against the Mahdi's forces, but it was too +late. + +The Soudanese were lost to Egypt. A strong effort is now being made to +reconquer them. + +The British officers in the Egyptian army have been ordered back to +duty, and it is said that action will be taken in a few weeks. It is +expected that the Mahdists will fight to the death, but they will not be +as powerful this time as they were before, as they are now no longer +united. The tribes south of Khartoum are in open revolt against the +Mahdists, and a part of their forces will have to be detached to quell +them. + + * * * * * + +The news from India is still very discouraging. + +A fresh outbreak has occurred on the outskirts of Calcutta. Eight +thousand workers employed in the silk mills on the Hoogly River have +started for Calcutta to help the rioters. + +The troops at Barrakpur, fifteen miles north of Calcutta, have been +ordered out to intercept the strikers, and prevent their advance upon +the city. They are also carefully guarding the bridges which span the +Hoogly River. This river is one of the mouths of the Ganges. + +While the immediate cause of the outbreak was the quarrel over the +mosques, about which we told you last week, it seems that the anger +against Europeans is really due to the measures which have been taken to +stamp out the plague. + +In India there are many races of people who, while they all live under +the same rule, have each their own special habits and customs. + +These curious customs are rigidly observed. Some must not drink milk, +some must not touch lard, none of them must eat food prepared by persons +who are not of their religion, and many of them must not leave their own +country. + +If they neglect these customs they are said to lose caste--which means +that they lose their social position among their special tribe, family, +and friends. + +To lose caste is a very serious thing to a native of India. + +Europeans are, as a rule, very careful not to offend the natives in +these matters, and are most particular to observe all the customs in +regard to caste. But at the time of the plague it was not possible to +exercise this care. + +When human lives were in danger the doctors did not try to find out +what caste sick persons belonged to, but did what they thought best for +them. + +We know for ourselves, in our own families, that the rules of the Health +Board in regard to sickness are not always agreeable to us. + +We submit to having our invalids taken to hospitals when they have +contagious diseases because we know that we must not endanger other +lives. + +Imagine, then, how the ignorant Indian natives must have felt, when, for +reasons that they could not be made to understand, their sick were +carried away by Europeans, and put into hospitals with people of every +tribe and caste, all to be treated alike, and forced to eat the food +prepared by foreigners. + +They regarded the vigorous means which the Government took to stop the +plague as a personal cruelty to them, and could not be brought to +realize that everything was being done for their benefit. + +Many educated Indians, who were perfectly able to understand that the +Government measures were right and proper, pretended to side with the +people, and, for the sake of stirring up the revolt, published articles +in the papers, and circulated handbills denouncing the wickedness and +cruelty of the British Government. + +This course is likely to give England a great deal of trouble, for the +people of India do not love the Europeans. + +The telegrams say that there is no reason to fear the overthrow of the +British Empire in India, because there are seventy-five thousand white +troops in the peninsula, and they are fully able to keep order there. + +It is thought that the discontent will lead to a series of outbreaks +that will have to be put down by the soldiers, and which will increase +the bitterness already existing between the Europeans and the natives. + + * * * * * + +The Turkish troubles are approaching a crisis. + +We told you that the Sultan was doing all in his power to delay matters, +in the hope that something might happen which would relieve the +situation. + +The Powers are, however, determined to settle the affair, so, finding +they will submit to no more trifling, the Sultan has been forced to make +a move. + +He bade his Minister of Foreign Affairs, Tewfik Pasha, inform the +diplomats that it was useless for them to hold any further meetings, as +he found it impossible to deprive his people of the fruits of their +victory, and so could never agree to relinquish Thessaly. + +Tewfik Pasha added that the Porte insisted that the line of the Turkish +frontier should be established along the river Salammria, which would +give Turkey the possession of Thessaly as far south as Larissa. + +Having caused this announcement to be made, the Sultan had a circular +prepared and sent to his ambassadors abroad, explaining the situation, +and why he could not accept the frontier line as demanded by the Powers. + +It appears that he is convinced that the Powers will not fight him, and +so is determined to defy them and take his own course. + +He is said to have remarked that if the Powers could not force Colonel +Vassos and his handful of soldiers to obey them in Crete, it is not +likely that they will be able to coerce the victorious army of Turkey. + +The Powers are now entirely of one mind. Turkey must obey their wishes, +and obey them quickly. + +On hearing of the Sultan's action, Russia immediately protested, and the +other Powers joined in a collective note to the Turkish Government, +demanding that their terms of peace be complied with. + +The note was very severe in its tone, and insisted that the frontier +line between Greece and Turkey should be fixed according to the wishes +of the Powers, and also that the Powers were determined that peace +should be concluded without further delay. + +It was at first intended that the note should fix a date by which the +Sultan was bound to send his reply, and should state what the Powers +would do in case their request was refused. + +But the note that was sent contained neither of these clauses, and so +the Sultan is not yet convinced that the Powers really mean to fight him +if he remains obstinate. + +The Sultan, who seems to be a very wily diplomat, has in the mean while +been trying to find out the individual feelings of the Powers. + +He sent notes to the various rulers, asking their friendly assistance in +the settlement of the frontier question. + +None of them gave him any encouragement or reason to suppose they would +uphold him in case the matter was brought to an issue. + +The Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria, having assured him of his +friendship, advised him, in very plain language, to conclude peace on +the terms dictated by the Powers. + +He added: "The concert of the Powers is firm and united in its +decisions. Therefore I request your Majesty to take my advice into +earnest consideration." + +The Sultan's great friend, Emperor William of Germany, has also +intimated to him that it would be wise for him to obey the wishes of the +Powers, and not resist the demand for the withdrawal of the Turkish +troops from Thessaly. + +The Russian sentiment is also strongly against Turkey. The official +newspaper of St. Petersburg utters a warning to the Sultan that if he +remains obstinate, the Powers will resort to decided measures to enforce +obedience to their commands. + +France has sent him a very decided refusal to interfere in the matter. + +All this time Turkey has been pushing her war preparations forward, and +is ready to take prompt action in case the peace negotiations should +fall through; indeed, the Turks have already recommenced hostilities. + +Two thousand Turks besieged the town of Kalabaka in Thessaly, the Greeks +defending the place until they were overpowered. + +A great number of the inhabitants fled to the mountains for safety, but +those who were not fortunate enough to escape were cruelly massacred by +the enemy. + + * * * * * + +The Powers have agreed upon the conditions for self-government in Crete. + +A Christian Governor is to be appointed and an annual tribute of $50,000 +is to be paid to Turkey. + +The payment of the tribute will not be commenced until five years have +passed, because Crete has been so laid waste by the war that she will +not be in a position to pay her tribute until she has had time to +recover. + +The foreign troops are to remain on the island until a Cretan militia +has been organized. This militia is to be commanded by European +officers. + +The Turkish troops that remain on the island are to be gradually +withdrawn as peace is restored. + +The Governor is to have the right to appoint and dismiss all government +officials. + +The Assembly, which will manage the affairs of the island, is to be +composed of an equal number of Christians and Mohammedans. + +The affairs of Crete seem thus to be happily settled. It is to be hoped +that brave little Greece, who so recklessly went to her aid, may fare as +well. + + * * * * * + +There is a report from Havana that General Weyler has at last been +recalled to Spain. It has not so far been confirmed, and so may not be +true, but it states that the Spanish Government, disgusted with Weyler's +failure to pacify Santiago de Cuba, has determined to recall him. + +Weyler is said to have declared that to conquer the rebellion he will +need 200,000 more soldiers, and a fresh supply of money amounting to +$200,000,000. + +President Canovas, however, merely promises that in case the Spanish +army suffers very severely in the rainy season, he will send 20.000 men +in October "to inflict a final blow on the insurgents." + +The report from Madrid says that General Ramon Blanco will be Weyler's +successor, and that the fact of the latter's recall will be publicly +announced as soon as he returns to Havana. + +We told you last week that the Cubans were continuing their military +operations despite the rainy season. + +It is now stated on good authority that the long-threatened attack on +Havana is to be made at last. + +It is said that orders have been sent to the insurgent generals to +concentrate their forces in Matanzas province, and, if all goes well, to +advance on Havana. + +It appears that the Cubans are making the weather their ally. + +Accustomed as they are to the country and its climate, it is possible +for them to move their forces despite the muddy roads and the frequent +downpours of rain. + +The Spanish soldiers, weakened by the fevers of the island, are in no +condition to withstand these hardships, and every march they make causes +them as heavy a loss as an engagement would. + +The Cubans are perfectly aware of this fact and are using it to their +own advantage. + +There was a report during the week that General Gomez was hemmed in by a +Spanish column near Sancti Spiritus, and was in great danger. It was +further stated that several of the rebel bands hurried to their chief's +aid as soon as they heard of his peril. + +There would appear to have been little truth in these rumors, for he is +reliably reported to be advancing on Havana. + +A story has reached us about a certain swamp in Matanzas province, which +the Cubans used a great deal in the early part of the war, but have +since been obliged to abandon for want of a guide to lead them through +it. + +This swamp is remarkable for the many beautiful and healthful spots that +are situated in its interior, notwithstanding that it is surrounded by +almost impassable bogs. + +The entrance to the swamp is so little known that in the whole Cuban +army there was but one man who could guide the insurgents through its +intricacies to safety. + +This man, Colonel Matagas, had lived in the swamp for many years, and +was thoroughly familiar with it. + +He was, however, killed in battle, and after his death the Cubans +abandoned all idea of using the swamp. + +The insurgents have lately been joined by a South American named Avelino +Rosas, to whom General Gomez confided the leadership of a portion of the +army. + +This man set himself to learn the secret of the swamp, and after much +patient work discovered it. He immediately devised a means of putting it +to military use, and has besides established a number of Cuban hospitals +in its depths, confident that they will there be safe from molestation +by the Spaniards. + +The insurgents are showing such extreme activity that some stirring +action may be looked for ere long. + +We must not expect a pitched battle, for the insurgents are too wise to +attempt to face the enormous force of Spain in a decisive engagement. +They have been highly successful in their plan of harassing detachments +of the Spanish army while on the march, destroying supplies, capturing +outposts, and thwarting the plans of its leaders. + +Captain-General Weyler has decided to give up the town of Bayamo in +Santiago de Cuba. He has ordered the inhabitants to move to the town of +Manzanillo, and has asked permission of the war department to burn +Bayamo to the ground. + +His reason for giving up Bayamo is that there is so much sickness among +the troops in Santiago that they are not equal to the strain of checking +the activity of the rebels and holding the town. + +We have already told you how the rebels intercept every train of +supplies that is despatched to the outlying cities, and it is easy to +believe that the Spaniards have no light task in trying to hold these +towns. + +You will be glad to know that the crimes against the unfortunate +soldiers are not to be allowed to go unpunished. + +We told you of the shameful system of robbery that prevailed in the +Spanish army; how the unprincipled officers took the money apportioned +by the Government for the soldiers' food, and, pocketing one-half of it, +kept the poor fellows on the short rations they could purchase with the +other half. + +Two hundred Spanish officers and contractors for the army are now +imprisoned at the fortress of La Cabana in Havana, under charges of +fraud in provisioning the army. + +Among these men are some of the highest officers: Colonels, +Lieutenant-Colonels, Majors, and Captains. + +The amount stolen by these men during the two years of the war is +estimated at several millions. The truth of this wholesale robbery came +to light when the soldiers protested against the bad food that was being +given them. When they found their complaints were being unheeded they +deserted in large numbers to the Cubans. + +General Weyler then ordered the arrest of the robbers, and, as we have +said, some two hundred Spaniards were accordingly imprisoned. + +The Cubans have of late acquired so much war material through various +successful filibustering expeditions that they now have more arms than +soldiers for the insurgent army. + +We told you some time ago that General Gomez had said that he could +nearly double his force if he had weapons to put in the hands of the +thousands who volunteered to join him, but that he had been obliged to +refuse many of the men who flocked to his standard because he could not +arm them. Now, however, that the situation has changed, a circular has +been issued from the revolutionary headquarters, calling upon every +insurgent at work in the towns to come and join the army. + +The announcement also asks all Cuban sympathizers to be ready to assist +the insurgents in case they attack the towns. + +This appears to have had a very good effect as far as the insurgents are +concerned, for volunteers are hurrying to the Cuban camp in great +numbers. + +A report from Spain says that an uprising in Alicante is feared. +Alicante is a seaport on the south-east coast of Spain. + +The trouble is on account of the new war taxes which the Government has +levied and to which the people are much opposed. + + * * * * * + +The Tariff Bill has been passed by the Senate. + +It was passed on July 7th by a majority of ten. Thirty-eight Senators +voted for the bill, and twenty-eight against it. + +There was great excitement in the Senate Chamber during the closing +debate on this bill. + +It had been expected that a vote would be reached on the 7th, and so the +members of the House of Representatives flocked into the Senate Chamber +during the entire day. + +The Tariff Bill was taken up at 11:15 in the morning and at 4:15 P.M. it +was finally passed. + +Mr. Allen, of Nebraska, offered an amendment declaring all combinations +and contracts to restrict labor unlawful, but his motion was lost, and +there is no clause against Trusts in the new bill. + +After it had passed, a joint conference was called, and the +Vice-President appointed eight Senators to take part in the discussion +on behalf of the Senate. + +This conference is to settle with the House of Representatives the +changes that the Senate has made in the bill. + +You remember that the Dingley Tariff Bill was passed by the House of +Representatives before it was sent to the Senate. + +Now the Tariff Bill, as it stands to-day, differs in many respects from +the bill as it was received by the Senate. It has therefore been found +necessary to call a conference of members of both Houses to discuss +these points of difference, and arrive at some conclusion in regard to +them. + +The Senate's version of the Tariff Bill will be copied and sent to the +House at once. It has been agreed that it shall be handed over to the +members of the conference without being first discussed in the House. + +The Senators who are opposed to the bill declare that it is the worst +ever framed, while those who favor it insist that it is going to bring +back prosperity. + + * * * * * + +The latest news from the Sandwich Islands is that Hawaii has offered to +arbitrate the immigration matter. + +The Japanese minister has, however, stated that he does not think his +Government will ever consent to arbitration, and so it is not likely the +difficulty will be settled by that means. + +Feeling is running very high in Honolulu. There have been some +unfortunate conflicts between Americans and Japanese there. + +It is reported that an American lady has been severely beaten while +trying to assist her brother, who had been attacked by a number of men +from the warship _Naniwa_. + +While walking in the town with her brother, this lady encountered two +sailors, who stood in her way and would not make room for her to pass. +Her brother pushed the men aside, whereupon they turned on him and began +to beat him. + +When she endeavored to help her brother the Japanese sailors beat her +unmercifully. + +The discussion between the United States and Japan seems no nearer a +peaceable settlement. + +The Secretary of State has made public the official grounds for Japan's +protest. + +They are: + +_First_, that it is necessary for Hawaii to remain an independent state, +in order to preserve a good understanding between the Powers that have +interests in the Pacific Ocean. + +_Second_, that annexation will endanger the rights which Japan has +acquired through her various treaties and contracts with Hawaii. + +_Third_, that annexation might lead to the postponement by Hawaii of the +settlement of claims which Japan already has against her. + +In Hawaii there is a strong desire that the Senate shall ratify the +treaty immediately, and put an end to all further question on the +subject. + +Hawaii mistrusts Japan, and fears that she will do something to prevent +annexation unless our Government is prompt. + +It is rumored in Washington that Japan and Spain are forming an alliance +to embarrass the United States in her dealings with both Hawaii and +Cuba. + +It is felt that speedy action may be the best thing to prevent +complications. + +The Government is seriously considering the advisability of sending +another ship to Honolulu. It is possible that the battleship _Oregon_ +and the gunboat _Concord_ may both be sent to Hawaii. + +The Navy Department realizes that annexation will necessitate a largely +increased navy, and Secretary Long will ask Congress to arrange for the +building of more cruisers and torpedo-boats. + + * * * * * + +On the occasion of the British naval review at Spithead, an illustration +was given of the short time it takes to turn a merchant vessel into an +armed cruiser. + +England, despite her large navy, often has use for more ships than she +possesses. + +To meet this demand she has placed a certain number of merchant vessels +on her Naval Reserve list. By this arrangement the Government has the +right to call out any of these ships when she has need for them. + +At the time of the great naval review it was thought that it would be a +good thing to put this system to a test, and so several of the Naval +Reserve merchantmen were ordered to fit out as gunboats. + +One of the vessels thus put into use was the _Teutonic_ of the White +Star line, one of the regular ocean steamers that ply between England +and America. + +She arrived in Liverpool on June 21st, and immediately received orders +to transform herself into a war-vessel, and take her place in the naval +review at Spithead. + +As soon as her passengers and freight had been landed her crew set to +work to take her war supplies on board. + +A British naval officer had been sent from Portsmouth to superintend the +work, and under his direction magazines and armories were arranged, gun +platforms were built, and sixteen guns were taken on board and mounted. + +In the crew of the _Teutonic_ were some fifty sailors who were members +of the British Naval Reserve. To them rifles and cutlasses were +supplied, and they in their turn were transformed into regular +man-of-war's men. + +The rest of the crew was made up from sailors drafted from other +warships, and then the _Teutonic_ was ready to take her place in the +great Jubilee naval parade. + +So fine an appearance did she make that she was put at the head of one +of the seven lines of vessels in the review, and Captain Cameron, her +commander, received a flattering letter from the flag-officer of his +division, congratulating him upon having the neatest merchant vessel in +the parade. + +It took just forty hours to change the _Teutonic_ from a merchantman +into a war-vessel. + +Captain Cameron is highly delighted at the praise he received. He also +is a member of the Naval Reserve, having the rank of lieutenant. + + * * * * * + +Sandy Hook, which is the first point of land sighted in entering New +York Harbor, has been again converted into an island. + +This strip of beach is a continuation of the New Jersey coast. The +curious thing about it is that it has never been definitely settled +whether it is a peninsula or an island, as it is continually changing +its character. + +The first mention of the Hook, says a writer in one of our current +journals, appears in the diary of Robert Juet, who was the companion of +Hudson during his third voyage in 1609. It was then an island. + +On maps and charts in the possession of the New York Historical Society +it is represented both as an island and a peninsula. + +It was certainly an island in revolutionary times, for when Lord Howe +retreated from the battle of Monmouth by the Navesink road he built a +bridge to Sandy Hook Island. + +Twice during the last century it has tried to get away from the +mainland. + +In 1870, the New Jersey Southern Railway laid a track along the west +beach for a distance of three miles. + +This trestle is now the only connecting link between the island and the +mainland, the water for more than a year having been washing away the +neck of land which joined Sandy Hook to the coast-line. + +The War Department owns part of the Hook. A proving-ground for guns, +armor, etc., has been established there. + +The Assistant Secretary of War has sent word to Speaker Reed asking that +a joint resolution be passed to enable the Department to protect its +property. + +An appropriation of $75,000 was set aside some time ago to repair the +breach made by the sea at the Hook, but the work could not be commenced +until certain laws had been complied with, and the consent of New Jersey +had been secured, or Congress had passed a resolution instructing the +War Department to proceed with the work. + +It will be a great advantage to the Government to close the inlet, as +the heavy guns can then be transferred to the proving-grounds on the +Hook by a railroad built on solid ground, and not liable to give way +under their extreme weight. + +The property-owners in the neighborhood, however, are anxious that the +inlet should remain open, as they say that the Shrewsbury River has been +some two feet deeper since the Hook became an island, the boating and +fishing have much improved, and, above all, the current has become so +much stronger that the river can now drain itself, and has become much +healthier in consequence. + +The Secretary of War has been asked to give the matter his careful +consideration before he allows the work of closing the inlet to be +commenced. + + * * * * * + +Our Government has had cause to complain of England in reference to the +seal question. + +It seems that Great Britain makes hardly any effort to stop the +destruction of the seals, maintaining but two vessels in Bering Sea, +while the United States maintains five. + +We have lately had some correspondence with England on the seal +question, but it has not been made public for fear of causing bad +feeling. + +Mr. Foster, who, as we told you, has been on a special mission to London +and St. Petersburg to arrange the dispute, has met with a friendly +reception in Russia. He hopes that the success of his mission in St. +Petersburg may induce Great Britain to look favorably on it also. + +It is desired that all the countries interested in the matter shall send +delegates to a conference to be held in Washington in October. + +At the conference it is intended to discuss the whole subject anew and +make fresh arrangements. + +The difficulty has been that the Treaty of Paris is still in operation, +and Great Britain is not willing to open the matter until the treaty has +expired. + +The Canadian sealers are much averse to the plan of branding the seals. +We told you about this a few weeks ago. + +Professor Starr Jordan, who is passing through Victoria on his way to +the Seal Islands, there to recommence the work of branding, has met with +a very cold reception from the sealers. + +Professor Jordan has taken with him an electric outfit for branding, +which will do the work more quickly and effectually than the old method. + + * * * * * + +We have to record more labor troubles. + +The coal miners in the United States have gone on strike, in obedience +to the order of the United Mine Workers of America. + +The cause of this strike is that wages have been so reduced that the +miners can no longer earn enough to support themselves. + +The men declare that the strike has been forced upon them by the poor +pay they have received, and that they have been expecting and preparing +for it for some time past. + +They hope to make the strike general, and that it shall be the biggest +ever known. + +The miners all over the country have been ordered to quit work, and it +is expected that they will do so. + +The men in West Virginia at first refused, but the latest reports are +that they are gradually falling in line with the rest. + +In many districts the miners have been offered the price they ask if +they will only go back to work. They have invariably refused, saying +that they will not resume work until the better rate of wages is made +general in all the mines. + +There is danger of a coal famine if the strike lasts very long. + +Several of the Western manufacturing cities are already running short of +coal, and though there is plenty at the pit's mouth, the strikers will +not allow it to be handled until their demands are complied with. + +Efforts will be made to move this coal, and it is feared that the +strikers will then become violent and riotous. Up to the present time +they have been very peaceable. + +The Governor of Indiana has asked the Governors of Ohio, Illinois, and +Pennsylvania to meet him, and discuss plans for arbitrating the +difficulty. + +England also has her labor troubles. A great strike is going on in +London among the engineers. + +It is a struggle for an eight-hour working day. + +The men do not insist that they shall only work eight hours a day, but +that eight hours shall be considered the full day's labor, and all the +work they do over that shall be regarded as overtime, and paid for. + +The strikers have a large fund in reserve to fall back upon, from which +they will each receive a certain weekly sum to give them the necessaries +of life until the trouble is adjusted. + +The fight promises to be a long and bitter one, for the employers +declare that they must hold out till they win, as defeat means ruin to +them. + +The ship-building trade will be the one most seriously affected by the +strike. + + G.H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +DETACHABLE SHELVING FOR WINDOWS.--The scent and the sight of flowers are +the source of so much enjoyment to most persons, and the means of +keeping them in our houses, as a rule, is such a puzzle, that the +"detachable shelving for windows" ought to find favor with everybody, +young or old. + +This shelving is an apparently simple arrangement of three shelves +connected by strong braces running from one to another, and attached to +the sides of the window in two places by screw-eyes and nuts which are +securely fastened in the outer frame of the window. Simple as it +appears, it is very ingeniously contrived, and forms a most desirable +substitute for the window-ledge itself, which is seldom wide enough for +flower-pots to stand on with any degree of safety. + + +STATION-INDICATOR.--We remember once travelling in the winter in almost +the last car of a long train, where we could not see the names of the +stations; the conductor shouted out the stopping-places in a way not +easy to understand, and we had no time-table and did not know when the +train was due. It was the most uncomfortable journey it is possible to +imagine. A station-indicator in each car would forever prevent the +recurrence of such discomfort and anxiety. Curiously enough, two have +been invented within six months; the later one has an endless roll with +the names of all the stations on the route, and, by the movement of a +simple bar, after passing one station the name of the next one appears +in its place. + + * * * * * + +SIMPLE LESSONS IN THE + +STUDY OF NATURE + +By I.G. OAKLEY + + +This is a handy little book, which many a teacher who is looking for means +to offer children genuine nature study may be thankful to get hold of. + +Nature lessons, to be entitled to that name, must deal with what can be +handled and scrutinized at leisure by the child, pulled apart, and even +wasted. This can be done with the objects discussed in this book; they are +under the feet of childhood--grass, feathers, a fallen leaf, a budding +twig, or twisted shell; these things cannot be far out of the way, even +within the stony limits of a city. + +Nor are the lessons haphazard dashes at the nearest living thing; on the +contrary, they are virtually fundamental, whether with respect to their +relation to some of the classified sciences, or with reference to the +development of thought and power of expression in the child himself. + +The illustrations are few, and scarcely more than figures; it is not meant +to be a pretty picture-book, yet is most clearly and beautifully printed +and arranged, for its material is to be that out of which pictures are +made. It will be found full of suggestions of practical value to teachers +who are carrying the miscellaneous work of ungraded schools, and who have +the unspeakable privilege of dealing with their pupils untrammelled by +cast-iron methods and account-keeping examination records. + + =_Sample copy, 50 Cents, post-paid_= + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + 3 & 5 W. 18th St. . . . New York City= + + + =KLEMMS'= +=RELIEF PRACTICE MAPS.= + + * * * * * + +=LIST OF MAPS.= + + Small size, 9-1/2 x 11 { Plain, 5 cents each. + { With Waterproofed surface 10 " " + + Europe, Asia, Africa; North America, South America, East Central + States, New England, Middle Atlantic States, South Atlantic + States, Palestine, Australia. + + + Large size, 10 x 15 { Plain, 10 cents each. + { With Waterproofed Surface, 15 " " + + United States, British Isles, Roman Empire, Western Europe, + North America, South America, Asia. + + (POSTAGE ON SINGLE MAPS, 5 CENTS.) + + * * * * * + +"I would advise =Sunday-school teachers= to use, in connection with the +lessons of 1897, =Klemm's Relief Map of the Roman Empire=. Every scholar +who can draw should have a copy of it. Being blank, it can be beautifully +colored: waters, blue; mountains, brown; valleys, green; deserts, yellow; +cities marked with pin-holes; and the journeys of Paul can be traced upon +it."--MRS. WILBUR F. CRAFTS, _President International Union of +Primary Sabbath-School Teachers of the United States_. + + * * * * * + +=DESCRIPTION OF THE MAPS.= + +These maps are made in two forms, both with beautifully executed relief +(embossed)--the cheaper ones of plain stiff paper similar to drawing paper +(these are to be substituted for and used as outline map blanks), the +others covered with a durable waterproof surface, that can be quickly +cleaned with a damp sponge, adapted to receive a succession of markings +and cleansings. Oceans, lakes, and rivers, as well as land, appear in the +same color, white, so as to facilitate the use of the map as a +=_geographical slate_=. + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + _3 & 5 W. 18th St. ... New York City_= + + + * * * * * + + + =TO ANY ONE SENDING US= + + =...3...= + New Subscribers + +[Illustration: Book-Rest] + + + OAK + WE WILL SEND A WALNUT + =Lambie Book-Rest= IN CHERRY + JAPANNED + OR BRONZED + + This book-rest holds the book in any position and at any slant, so + that you can shift the book when you change your position as freely + as you can move your hand. Can be made fast to chair, table, or + lounge on either side. + + A VERY USEFUL AND CONVENIENT THING + +=And for 5 Subscribers a= + +=Lambie Dictionary-Holder= + + Can be used for any dictionary or large book. Keeps book open or + shut, as desired. Holder carries the weight and you handle it as if + it weighed nothing. Revolves, and is on castors. Can be drawn to + you with one hand. Can be raised or lowered. + +=IN OAK, WALNUT, OR CHERRY +JAPANNED OR BRONZED....= + +[Illustration: Dictionary Holder] + + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + * * * * * + + + + TO ANY ONE SENDING US + + [Illustration: Gold-plated Watch] + + =4= [Illustration: Flourish] + =New= + =Subscriptions= + + WE WILL SEND + EXPRESS PAID + + A stem-wind, stem-set, nickel movement, jewelled balances, + porcelain dial, highly finished throughout + + =Gold-Plated= + =Watch= + + EITHER OPEN FACE OR HUNTING CASE. ENGINE-TURNED (AS SHOWN IN CUT) + OR WITH A HANDSOME ENGRAVED DESIGN ON CASE. + +[Illustration: Divider] + +These watches are made in one of the best-known American factories, are +not clocks but real watches, and are _warranted_ to keep time +accurately. + +[Illustration: Divider] + + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: + WOODEN PUTTER + BRASSIE SPOON + BRASSIE NIBLICK + DRIVER + CLEEK + IRON + LOFTING IRON + MASHIE + NIBLICK + IRON PUTTER] + + =To any one sending us 2 new subscribers= + + we will send, express paid, any one of the golf sticks shown in + cut... + +=These are the most approved shapes and styles and are made in the best +possible manner= + + * * * * * + + =2= special golf balls may be had for + ... =1= new subscription + + * * * * * + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY= + + * * * * * + +=PREMIUM LIST= + + In connection with our offer of any BICYCLE you wish for 100 new + subscriptions, we have prepared a + +=Premium Catalogue= + + This contains a list of selected articles which will be given to + those who may obtain a smaller number of subscriptions + + * * * * * + +Those who fail to secure the necessary number for the bicycle may make +selection from this catalogue. + + + * * * * * + + =Copy mailed on receipt of 5c.= + + * * * * * + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 & 5 West 18th St, New York City= + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 38, July 29, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 16139.txt or 16139.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/1/3/16139/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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