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diff --git a/16139-8.txt b/16139-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e41d8a --- /dev/null +++ b/16139-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1765 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On +In It, Vol. 1, No. 38, July 29, 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 38, July 29, 1897 + A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls + +Author: Various + +Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop + +Release Date: June 27, 2005 [EBook #16139] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + + + + +_FIVE CENTS._ + +THE GREAT ROUND WORLD +AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT + + Vol. 1 JULY 29, 1897 No. 38. +[Entered at Post Office, New York City, as second class matter] + +[Illustration: A +WEEKLY +NEWSPAPER +FOR +BOYS AND +GIRLS] + +Subscription +$2.50 per year +$1.25 6 months + + + WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON. PUBLISHER + NO. 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + +=Copyright, 1897, by WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON.= + + +[Illustration: Books] + +To any subscriber securing for us + ... ...1 NEW SUBSCRIPTION + + _we will send post-paid any one of the following books. Printed on + extra laid paper, bound in red buckram, gilt top._ + top.... + + Andersen's Fairy Tales. By Hans Andersen. + Allan Quatermain. By H. Rider Haggard. + Auld Lang Syne. By V. Clark Russell. + Adam Bede. By George Eliot. + Abbé Constantin. By Ludovic Halévy. + Ardath. By Marie Corelli. + Big Bow Mystery. By I. Zangwill. + Bondman. By Hall Caine. + Beyond the City. By A. Conan Doyle. + Black Beauty. By Anna Sewell. + Beatrice. By H. Rider Haggard. + Baron Munchausen. By Rudolph Raspe. + Bryant's Poems. By William Cullen Bryant. + Chouans. By Honoré de Balzac. + Cloister Wendhusen. By W. Heimburg. + Country Sweetheart. By Dora Russell. + Change of Air. By Anthony Hope. + Cowper's Poems. By William Cowper. + Cleopatra. By H. Rider Haggard. + Deerslayer. By J. 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They make negatives of such perfect quality that +enlargements of any size can be made from them. + +The Pocket Kodaks are covered with fine leather, and the trimmings are +handsomely finished and lacquered. They are elegant, artistic, and +durable. + +=For one more subscription we will send with this camera a bicycle +carrying-case= + + * * * * * + +TO ANY ONE SENDING US 9 NEW SUBSCRIBERS + +[Illustration: An Improved + =No. 4= + Bulls-Eye + + For pictures 4x5 inches; delivered ready for 12 exposures without + reloading. Size of camera, 4-7/8 x 5-7/8 x 9-1/4 inches; weight 2 + pounds 2 ounces; length of focus of lens, 6-1/4 inches.] + +Fitted with an achromatic lens of superior quality, having a set of +three stops; has two finders, one for vertical and one for horizontal +exposures; and is also provided with two sockets for tripod screws, one +for vertical and one for horizontal exposures. Fitted with improved +rotary shutter, for snap-shots or time exposures. Can be loaded in +daylight. Handsomely finished and covered with leather. + +=Both of the above cameras are manufactured by the Eastman Kodak Co., +Rochester, N.Y., and this is a guarantee of their worth= + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY= + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: Books] + +To any subscriber securing for us + ... ...1 NEW SUBSCRIPTION + + _we will send post-paid any one of the following books. Printed on + extra laid paper, bound in red buckram, gilt top._ + top.... + + Last Days of Pompeii. By Bulwer Lytton. + Lorna Doone. By R.D. Blackmore. + Lucile. By Owen Meredith. + Merze. By Mary Ellis Ryan. + Man of Mark. By Anthony Hope. + Master of Ballantrae. By Robert Louis Stevenson. + Micah Clarke. By A. Conan Doyle. + Misjudged. By W. Heimburg. + Marvel. By The Duchess. + Marriage at Sea. By W. Clark Russell. + Marooned. By W. Clark Russell. + My Lady Nicotine. By J.M. Barrie. + Mayor of Casterbridge. By Thomas Hardy. + Mill on the Floss. 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NO. 38 + +England is preparing to send an expedition into the Soudan to reconquer +the province of Dongola, which was lost during the revolt of the Mahdi +in 1881-85. + +Many of you have probably heard all about the Soudan war, in which the +brave General Gordon lost his life. But that you may understand the +matter fully, it will perhaps be as well to go over it again. + +The Soudan is a vast tract of land in Africa, the boundaries of which +are not very clearly defined. Roughly speaking, it extends from the +Atlantic Ocean on the west to Abyssinia (King Menelik's country) on the +east; and from the desert of Sahara on the north, southward to the +Guinea Coast and the Congo Basin. + +Part of this country was owned by Egypt. If you look at the map you will +see that Egypt borders on the Soudan. + +The portion of the Soudan owned by Egypt comprised Lower and Upper +Nubia, the White Nile region, and the territories around the Red Sea and +the Gulf of Aden, Dongola being one of these Soudanese provinces. + +Egypt is now a dependency of Turkey, and is ruled by a Khedive, who is a +subject of the Sultan. Egypt pays a yearly tribute to Turkey. + +In 1859 the building of the Suez Canal was begun. This canal extends +across the Isthmus of Suez, and connects the Mediterranean Sea with the +Red Sea, opening a waterway between Europe and Asia. + +To accomplish the enormous task of building the canal it was necessary +to have a great deal of money. + +France subscribed one-half, and the Khedive of Egypt the other half. + +But Egypt was not rich enough to advance such a large sum, so after a +while the Khedive sold the shares he owned in the Suez Canal Company to +the British Government, and the canal was then owned half by England and +half by France. + +Having such a heavy financial interest in the country (the cost of the +canal was about one hundred million dollars), both England and France +were anxious to have some control of the government of Egypt to prevent +any legislation that might be hurtful to the development of their +enterprise. + +For some years England and France exercised a joint supervision over +Egypt, but later it was arranged so that England assumed sole charge. + +Much was done by England to develop the natural resources of the +country, and all went well until the rebellion of the Mahdi in 1881. + +The Mahdi claimed to be a Moslem prophet. + +The prevailing religion of Egypt and its provinces is Mohammedanism. + +Now the Mohammedans believe that a great prophet, or Mahdi, will come to +lead them. Under his generalship they expect to gain possession of the +whole world. + +More than one ambitious man has come forward and claimed to be the +Mahdi. + +Whenever such a leader has appeared the people have flocked to his +standard, and through blind faith that success must attend their cause +under his leadership, have done some brave deeds. + +The most important of all the Mahdis was the chief who came forward in +1881, declared himself to be the long-expected prophet, called the +people to his standard, and, taking the field against the British and +Egyptian troops, overthrew the Egyptian power in the Soudan. + +At first the rising of this new Mahdi was not considered serious, but +after a time the rebellion assumed such serious proportions that it +became evident that Egypt alone could no longer hold her provinces in +the Soudan. + +She appealed to England for help, and in 1884 the famous General Gordon +was sent out by the British Government to help the Khedive. + +There were many military posts scattered throughout the Soudan, and the +object of General Gordon's mission was to relieve these garrisons, and +withdraw them safely from the troubled territory. + +General Gordon was known as "Chinese" Gordon, on account of a brilliant +campaign he made in China, for which he was decorated with the yellow +jacket and peacock feather by the Emperor of China. He was chosen to go +to the aid of the Khedive because he had had long experience in Egypt, +having been in the service of the Khedive as Governor-General of the +Provinces of the Equator from 1874 to 1876, and of the Soudan from 1877 +to 1879. + +The story of the stand he made against the forces of the Mahdi at +Khartoum, and of the long-delayed expedition which was sent to his +relief, are among the saddest annals of modern history. + +Khartoum was the capital of the Soudan, and an important commercial +center. + +General Gordon was forced to make a stand here against the Mahdi, and +was besieged in Khartoum from March, 1884, to January, 1885. The city +which had held out so bravely was at last taken by storm and General +Gordon killed. The relief expedition which he had been expecting and +hoping for arrived just two days after the city had fallen. + +With the fall of Khartoum the Egyptian power in the Soudan was +overthrown. + +Lord Wolseley made a campaign against the Mahdi's forces, but it was too +late. + +The Soudanese were lost to Egypt. A strong effort is now being made to +reconquer them. + +The British officers in the Egyptian army have been ordered back to +duty, and it is said that action will be taken in a few weeks. It is +expected that the Mahdists will fight to the death, but they will not be +as powerful this time as they were before, as they are now no longer +united. The tribes south of Khartoum are in open revolt against the +Mahdists, and a part of their forces will have to be detached to quell +them. + + * * * * * + +The news from India is still very discouraging. + +A fresh outbreak has occurred on the outskirts of Calcutta. Eight +thousand workers employed in the silk mills on the Hoogly River have +started for Calcutta to help the rioters. + +The troops at Barrakpur, fifteen miles north of Calcutta, have been +ordered out to intercept the strikers, and prevent their advance upon +the city. They are also carefully guarding the bridges which span the +Hoogly River. This river is one of the mouths of the Ganges. + +While the immediate cause of the outbreak was the quarrel over the +mosques, about which we told you last week, it seems that the anger +against Europeans is really due to the measures which have been taken to +stamp out the plague. + +In India there are many races of people who, while they all live under +the same rule, have each their own special habits and customs. + +These curious customs are rigidly observed. Some must not drink milk, +some must not touch lard, none of them must eat food prepared by persons +who are not of their religion, and many of them must not leave their own +country. + +If they neglect these customs they are said to lose caste--which means +that they lose their social position among their special tribe, family, +and friends. + +To lose caste is a very serious thing to a native of India. + +Europeans are, as a rule, very careful not to offend the natives in +these matters, and are most particular to observe all the customs in +regard to caste. But at the time of the plague it was not possible to +exercise this care. + +When human lives were in danger the doctors did not try to find out +what caste sick persons belonged to, but did what they thought best for +them. + +We know for ourselves, in our own families, that the rules of the Health +Board in regard to sickness are not always agreeable to us. + +We submit to having our invalids taken to hospitals when they have +contagious diseases because we know that we must not endanger other +lives. + +Imagine, then, how the ignorant Indian natives must have felt, when, for +reasons that they could not be made to understand, their sick were +carried away by Europeans, and put into hospitals with people of every +tribe and caste, all to be treated alike, and forced to eat the food +prepared by foreigners. + +They regarded the vigorous means which the Government took to stop the +plague as a personal cruelty to them, and could not be brought to +realize that everything was being done for their benefit. + +Many educated Indians, who were perfectly able to understand that the +Government measures were right and proper, pretended to side with the +people, and, for the sake of stirring up the revolt, published articles +in the papers, and circulated handbills denouncing the wickedness and +cruelty of the British Government. + +This course is likely to give England a great deal of trouble, for the +people of India do not love the Europeans. + +The telegrams say that there is no reason to fear the overthrow of the +British Empire in India, because there are seventy-five thousand white +troops in the peninsula, and they are fully able to keep order there. + +It is thought that the discontent will lead to a series of outbreaks +that will have to be put down by the soldiers, and which will increase +the bitterness already existing between the Europeans and the natives. + + * * * * * + +The Turkish troubles are approaching a crisis. + +We told you that the Sultan was doing all in his power to delay matters, +in the hope that something might happen which would relieve the +situation. + +The Powers are, however, determined to settle the affair, so, finding +they will submit to no more trifling, the Sultan has been forced to make +a move. + +He bade his Minister of Foreign Affairs, Tewfik Pasha, inform the +diplomats that it was useless for them to hold any further meetings, as +he found it impossible to deprive his people of the fruits of their +victory, and so could never agree to relinquish Thessaly. + +Tewfik Pasha added that the Porte insisted that the line of the Turkish +frontier should be established along the river Salammria, which would +give Turkey the possession of Thessaly as far south as Larissa. + +Having caused this announcement to be made, the Sultan had a circular +prepared and sent to his ambassadors abroad, explaining the situation, +and why he could not accept the frontier line as demanded by the Powers. + +It appears that he is convinced that the Powers will not fight him, and +so is determined to defy them and take his own course. + +He is said to have remarked that if the Powers could not force Colonel +Vassos and his handful of soldiers to obey them in Crete, it is not +likely that they will be able to coerce the victorious army of Turkey. + +The Powers are now entirely of one mind. Turkey must obey their wishes, +and obey them quickly. + +On hearing of the Sultan's action, Russia immediately protested, and the +other Powers joined in a collective note to the Turkish Government, +demanding that their terms of peace be complied with. + +The note was very severe in its tone, and insisted that the frontier +line between Greece and Turkey should be fixed according to the wishes +of the Powers, and also that the Powers were determined that peace +should be concluded without further delay. + +It was at first intended that the note should fix a date by which the +Sultan was bound to send his reply, and should state what the Powers +would do in case their request was refused. + +But the note that was sent contained neither of these clauses, and so +the Sultan is not yet convinced that the Powers really mean to fight him +if he remains obstinate. + +The Sultan, who seems to be a very wily diplomat, has in the mean while +been trying to find out the individual feelings of the Powers. + +He sent notes to the various rulers, asking their friendly assistance in +the settlement of the frontier question. + +None of them gave him any encouragement or reason to suppose they would +uphold him in case the matter was brought to an issue. + +The Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria, having assured him of his +friendship, advised him, in very plain language, to conclude peace on +the terms dictated by the Powers. + +He added: "The concert of the Powers is firm and united in its +decisions. Therefore I request your Majesty to take my advice into +earnest consideration." + +The Sultan's great friend, Emperor William of Germany, has also +intimated to him that it would be wise for him to obey the wishes of the +Powers, and not resist the demand for the withdrawal of the Turkish +troops from Thessaly. + +The Russian sentiment is also strongly against Turkey. The official +newspaper of St. Petersburg utters a warning to the Sultan that if he +remains obstinate, the Powers will resort to decided measures to enforce +obedience to their commands. + +France has sent him a very decided refusal to interfere in the matter. + +All this time Turkey has been pushing her war preparations forward, and +is ready to take prompt action in case the peace negotiations should +fall through; indeed, the Turks have already recommenced hostilities. + +Two thousand Turks besieged the town of Kalabaka in Thessaly, the Greeks +defending the place until they were overpowered. + +A great number of the inhabitants fled to the mountains for safety, but +those who were not fortunate enough to escape were cruelly massacred by +the enemy. + + * * * * * + +The Powers have agreed upon the conditions for self-government in Crete. + +A Christian Governor is to be appointed and an annual tribute of $50,000 +is to be paid to Turkey. + +The payment of the tribute will not be commenced until five years have +passed, because Crete has been so laid waste by the war that she will +not be in a position to pay her tribute until she has had time to +recover. + +The foreign troops are to remain on the island until a Cretan militia +has been organized. This militia is to be commanded by European +officers. + +The Turkish troops that remain on the island are to be gradually +withdrawn as peace is restored. + +The Governor is to have the right to appoint and dismiss all government +officials. + +The Assembly, which will manage the affairs of the island, is to be +composed of an equal number of Christians and Mohammedans. + +The affairs of Crete seem thus to be happily settled. It is to be hoped +that brave little Greece, who so recklessly went to her aid, may fare as +well. + + * * * * * + +There is a report from Havana that General Weyler has at last been +recalled to Spain. It has not so far been confirmed, and so may not be +true, but it states that the Spanish Government, disgusted with Weyler's +failure to pacify Santiago de Cuba, has determined to recall him. + +Weyler is said to have declared that to conquer the rebellion he will +need 200,000 more soldiers, and a fresh supply of money amounting to +$200,000,000. + +President Canovas, however, merely promises that in case the Spanish +army suffers very severely in the rainy season, he will send 20.000 men +in October "to inflict a final blow on the insurgents." + +The report from Madrid says that General Ramon Blanco will be Weyler's +successor, and that the fact of the latter's recall will be publicly +announced as soon as he returns to Havana. + +We told you last week that the Cubans were continuing their military +operations despite the rainy season. + +It is now stated on good authority that the long-threatened attack on +Havana is to be made at last. + +It is said that orders have been sent to the insurgent generals to +concentrate their forces in Matanzas province, and, if all goes well, to +advance on Havana. + +It appears that the Cubans are making the weather their ally. + +Accustomed as they are to the country and its climate, it is possible +for them to move their forces despite the muddy roads and the frequent +downpours of rain. + +The Spanish soldiers, weakened by the fevers of the island, are in no +condition to withstand these hardships, and every march they make causes +them as heavy a loss as an engagement would. + +The Cubans are perfectly aware of this fact and are using it to their +own advantage. + +There was a report during the week that General Gomez was hemmed in by a +Spanish column near Sancti Spiritus, and was in great danger. It was +further stated that several of the rebel bands hurried to their chief's +aid as soon as they heard of his peril. + +There would appear to have been little truth in these rumors, for he is +reliably reported to be advancing on Havana. + +A story has reached us about a certain swamp in Matanzas province, which +the Cubans used a great deal in the early part of the war, but have +since been obliged to abandon for want of a guide to lead them through +it. + +This swamp is remarkable for the many beautiful and healthful spots that +are situated in its interior, notwithstanding that it is surrounded by +almost impassable bogs. + +The entrance to the swamp is so little known that in the whole Cuban +army there was but one man who could guide the insurgents through its +intricacies to safety. + +This man, Colonel Matagas, had lived in the swamp for many years, and +was thoroughly familiar with it. + +He was, however, killed in battle, and after his death the Cubans +abandoned all idea of using the swamp. + +The insurgents have lately been joined by a South American named Avelino +Rosas, to whom General Gomez confided the leadership of a portion of the +army. + +This man set himself to learn the secret of the swamp, and after much +patient work discovered it. He immediately devised a means of putting it +to military use, and has besides established a number of Cuban hospitals +in its depths, confident that they will there be safe from molestation +by the Spaniards. + +The insurgents are showing such extreme activity that some stirring +action may be looked for ere long. + +We must not expect a pitched battle, for the insurgents are too wise to +attempt to face the enormous force of Spain in a decisive engagement. +They have been highly successful in their plan of harassing detachments +of the Spanish army while on the march, destroying supplies, capturing +outposts, and thwarting the plans of its leaders. + +Captain-General Weyler has decided to give up the town of Bayamo in +Santiago de Cuba. He has ordered the inhabitants to move to the town of +Manzanillo, and has asked permission of the war department to burn +Bayamo to the ground. + +His reason for giving up Bayamo is that there is so much sickness among +the troops in Santiago that they are not equal to the strain of checking +the activity of the rebels and holding the town. + +We have already told you how the rebels intercept every train of +supplies that is despatched to the outlying cities, and it is easy to +believe that the Spaniards have no light task in trying to hold these +towns. + +You will be glad to know that the crimes against the unfortunate +soldiers are not to be allowed to go unpunished. + +We told you of the shameful system of robbery that prevailed in the +Spanish army; how the unprincipled officers took the money apportioned +by the Government for the soldiers' food, and, pocketing one-half of it, +kept the poor fellows on the short rations they could purchase with the +other half. + +Two hundred Spanish officers and contractors for the army are now +imprisoned at the fortress of La Cabana in Havana, under charges of +fraud in provisioning the army. + +Among these men are some of the highest officers: Colonels, +Lieutenant-Colonels, Majors, and Captains. + +The amount stolen by these men during the two years of the war is +estimated at several millions. The truth of this wholesale robbery came +to light when the soldiers protested against the bad food that was being +given them. When they found their complaints were being unheeded they +deserted in large numbers to the Cubans. + +General Weyler then ordered the arrest of the robbers, and, as we have +said, some two hundred Spaniards were accordingly imprisoned. + +The Cubans have of late acquired so much war material through various +successful filibustering expeditions that they now have more arms than +soldiers for the insurgent army. + +We told you some time ago that General Gomez had said that he could +nearly double his force if he had weapons to put in the hands of the +thousands who volunteered to join him, but that he had been obliged to +refuse many of the men who flocked to his standard because he could not +arm them. Now, however, that the situation has changed, a circular has +been issued from the revolutionary headquarters, calling upon every +insurgent at work in the towns to come and join the army. + +The announcement also asks all Cuban sympathizers to be ready to assist +the insurgents in case they attack the towns. + +This appears to have had a very good effect as far as the insurgents are +concerned, for volunteers are hurrying to the Cuban camp in great +numbers. + +A report from Spain says that an uprising in Alicante is feared. +Alicante is a seaport on the south-east coast of Spain. + +The trouble is on account of the new war taxes which the Government has +levied and to which the people are much opposed. + + * * * * * + +The Tariff Bill has been passed by the Senate. + +It was passed on July 7th by a majority of ten. Thirty-eight Senators +voted for the bill, and twenty-eight against it. + +There was great excitement in the Senate Chamber during the closing +debate on this bill. + +It had been expected that a vote would be reached on the 7th, and so the +members of the House of Representatives flocked into the Senate Chamber +during the entire day. + +The Tariff Bill was taken up at 11:15 in the morning and at 4:15 P.M. it +was finally passed. + +Mr. Allen, of Nebraska, offered an amendment declaring all combinations +and contracts to restrict labor unlawful, but his motion was lost, and +there is no clause against Trusts in the new bill. + +After it had passed, a joint conference was called, and the +Vice-President appointed eight Senators to take part in the discussion +on behalf of the Senate. + +This conference is to settle with the House of Representatives the +changes that the Senate has made in the bill. + +You remember that the Dingley Tariff Bill was passed by the House of +Representatives before it was sent to the Senate. + +Now the Tariff Bill, as it stands to-day, differs in many respects from +the bill as it was received by the Senate. It has therefore been found +necessary to call a conference of members of both Houses to discuss +these points of difference, and arrive at some conclusion in regard to +them. + +The Senate's version of the Tariff Bill will be copied and sent to the +House at once. It has been agreed that it shall be handed over to the +members of the conference without being first discussed in the House. + +The Senators who are opposed to the bill declare that it is the worst +ever framed, while those who favor it insist that it is going to bring +back prosperity. + + * * * * * + +The latest news from the Sandwich Islands is that Hawaii has offered to +arbitrate the immigration matter. + +The Japanese minister has, however, stated that he does not think his +Government will ever consent to arbitration, and so it is not likely the +difficulty will be settled by that means. + +Feeling is running very high in Honolulu. There have been some +unfortunate conflicts between Americans and Japanese there. + +It is reported that an American lady has been severely beaten while +trying to assist her brother, who had been attacked by a number of men +from the warship _Naniwa_. + +While walking in the town with her brother, this lady encountered two +sailors, who stood in her way and would not make room for her to pass. +Her brother pushed the men aside, whereupon they turned on him and began +to beat him. + +When she endeavored to help her brother the Japanese sailors beat her +unmercifully. + +The discussion between the United States and Japan seems no nearer a +peaceable settlement. + +The Secretary of State has made public the official grounds for Japan's +protest. + +They are: + +_First_, that it is necessary for Hawaii to remain an independent state, +in order to preserve a good understanding between the Powers that have +interests in the Pacific Ocean. + +_Second_, that annexation will endanger the rights which Japan has +acquired through her various treaties and contracts with Hawaii. + +_Third_, that annexation might lead to the postponement by Hawaii of the +settlement of claims which Japan already has against her. + +In Hawaii there is a strong desire that the Senate shall ratify the +treaty immediately, and put an end to all further question on the +subject. + +Hawaii mistrusts Japan, and fears that she will do something to prevent +annexation unless our Government is prompt. + +It is rumored in Washington that Japan and Spain are forming an alliance +to embarrass the United States in her dealings with both Hawaii and +Cuba. + +It is felt that speedy action may be the best thing to prevent +complications. + +The Government is seriously considering the advisability of sending +another ship to Honolulu. It is possible that the battleship _Oregon_ +and the gunboat _Concord_ may both be sent to Hawaii. + +The Navy Department realizes that annexation will necessitate a largely +increased navy, and Secretary Long will ask Congress to arrange for the +building of more cruisers and torpedo-boats. + + * * * * * + +On the occasion of the British naval review at Spithead, an illustration +was given of the short time it takes to turn a merchant vessel into an +armed cruiser. + +England, despite her large navy, often has use for more ships than she +possesses. + +To meet this demand she has placed a certain number of merchant vessels +on her Naval Reserve list. By this arrangement the Government has the +right to call out any of these ships when she has need for them. + +At the time of the great naval review it was thought that it would be a +good thing to put this system to a test, and so several of the Naval +Reserve merchantmen were ordered to fit out as gunboats. + +One of the vessels thus put into use was the _Teutonic_ of the White +Star line, one of the regular ocean steamers that ply between England +and America. + +She arrived in Liverpool on June 21st, and immediately received orders +to transform herself into a war-vessel, and take her place in the naval +review at Spithead. + +As soon as her passengers and freight had been landed her crew set to +work to take her war supplies on board. + +A British naval officer had been sent from Portsmouth to superintend the +work, and under his direction magazines and armories were arranged, gun +platforms were built, and sixteen guns were taken on board and mounted. + +In the crew of the _Teutonic_ were some fifty sailors who were members +of the British Naval Reserve. To them rifles and cutlasses were +supplied, and they in their turn were transformed into regular +man-of-war's men. + +The rest of the crew was made up from sailors drafted from other +warships, and then the _Teutonic_ was ready to take her place in the +great Jubilee naval parade. + +So fine an appearance did she make that she was put at the head of one +of the seven lines of vessels in the review, and Captain Cameron, her +commander, received a flattering letter from the flag-officer of his +division, congratulating him upon having the neatest merchant vessel in +the parade. + +It took just forty hours to change the _Teutonic_ from a merchantman +into a war-vessel. + +Captain Cameron is highly delighted at the praise he received. He also +is a member of the Naval Reserve, having the rank of lieutenant. + + * * * * * + +Sandy Hook, which is the first point of land sighted in entering New +York Harbor, has been again converted into an island. + +This strip of beach is a continuation of the New Jersey coast. The +curious thing about it is that it has never been definitely settled +whether it is a peninsula or an island, as it is continually changing +its character. + +The first mention of the Hook, says a writer in one of our current +journals, appears in the diary of Robert Juet, who was the companion of +Hudson during his third voyage in 1609. It was then an island. + +On maps and charts in the possession of the New York Historical Society +it is represented both as an island and a peninsula. + +It was certainly an island in revolutionary times, for when Lord Howe +retreated from the battle of Monmouth by the Navesink road he built a +bridge to Sandy Hook Island. + +Twice during the last century it has tried to get away from the +mainland. + +In 1870, the New Jersey Southern Railway laid a track along the west +beach for a distance of three miles. + +This trestle is now the only connecting link between the island and the +mainland, the water for more than a year having been washing away the +neck of land which joined Sandy Hook to the coast-line. + +The War Department owns part of the Hook. A proving-ground for guns, +armor, etc., has been established there. + +The Assistant Secretary of War has sent word to Speaker Reed asking that +a joint resolution be passed to enable the Department to protect its +property. + +An appropriation of $75,000 was set aside some time ago to repair the +breach made by the sea at the Hook, but the work could not be commenced +until certain laws had been complied with, and the consent of New Jersey +had been secured, or Congress had passed a resolution instructing the +War Department to proceed with the work. + +It will be a great advantage to the Government to close the inlet, as +the heavy guns can then be transferred to the proving-grounds on the +Hook by a railroad built on solid ground, and not liable to give way +under their extreme weight. + +The property-owners in the neighborhood, however, are anxious that the +inlet should remain open, as they say that the Shrewsbury River has been +some two feet deeper since the Hook became an island, the boating and +fishing have much improved, and, above all, the current has become so +much stronger that the river can now drain itself, and has become much +healthier in consequence. + +The Secretary of War has been asked to give the matter his careful +consideration before he allows the work of closing the inlet to be +commenced. + + * * * * * + +Our Government has had cause to complain of England in reference to the +seal question. + +It seems that Great Britain makes hardly any effort to stop the +destruction of the seals, maintaining but two vessels in Bering Sea, +while the United States maintains five. + +We have lately had some correspondence with England on the seal +question, but it has not been made public for fear of causing bad +feeling. + +Mr. Foster, who, as we told you, has been on a special mission to London +and St. Petersburg to arrange the dispute, has met with a friendly +reception in Russia. He hopes that the success of his mission in St. +Petersburg may induce Great Britain to look favorably on it also. + +It is desired that all the countries interested in the matter shall send +delegates to a conference to be held in Washington in October. + +At the conference it is intended to discuss the whole subject anew and +make fresh arrangements. + +The difficulty has been that the Treaty of Paris is still in operation, +and Great Britain is not willing to open the matter until the treaty has +expired. + +The Canadian sealers are much averse to the plan of branding the seals. +We told you about this a few weeks ago. + +Professor Starr Jordan, who is passing through Victoria on his way to +the Seal Islands, there to recommence the work of branding, has met with +a very cold reception from the sealers. + +Professor Jordan has taken with him an electric outfit for branding, +which will do the work more quickly and effectually than the old method. + + * * * * * + +We have to record more labor troubles. + +The coal miners in the United States have gone on strike, in obedience +to the order of the United Mine Workers of America. + +The cause of this strike is that wages have been so reduced that the +miners can no longer earn enough to support themselves. + +The men declare that the strike has been forced upon them by the poor +pay they have received, and that they have been expecting and preparing +for it for some time past. + +They hope to make the strike general, and that it shall be the biggest +ever known. + +The miners all over the country have been ordered to quit work, and it +is expected that they will do so. + +The men in West Virginia at first refused, but the latest reports are +that they are gradually falling in line with the rest. + +In many districts the miners have been offered the price they ask if +they will only go back to work. They have invariably refused, saying +that they will not resume work until the better rate of wages is made +general in all the mines. + +There is danger of a coal famine if the strike lasts very long. + +Several of the Western manufacturing cities are already running short of +coal, and though there is plenty at the pit's mouth, the strikers will +not allow it to be handled until their demands are complied with. + +Efforts will be made to move this coal, and it is feared that the +strikers will then become violent and riotous. Up to the present time +they have been very peaceable. + +The Governor of Indiana has asked the Governors of Ohio, Illinois, and +Pennsylvania to meet him, and discuss plans for arbitrating the +difficulty. + +England also has her labor troubles. A great strike is going on in +London among the engineers. + +It is a struggle for an eight-hour working day. + +The men do not insist that they shall only work eight hours a day, but +that eight hours shall be considered the full day's labor, and all the +work they do over that shall be regarded as overtime, and paid for. + +The strikers have a large fund in reserve to fall back upon, from which +they will each receive a certain weekly sum to give them the necessaries +of life until the trouble is adjusted. + +The fight promises to be a long and bitter one, for the employers +declare that they must hold out till they win, as defeat means ruin to +them. + +The ship-building trade will be the one most seriously affected by the +strike. + + G.H. ROSENFELD. + + + + +INVENTION AND DISCOVERY. + + +DETACHABLE SHELVING FOR WINDOWS.--The scent and the sight of flowers are +the source of so much enjoyment to most persons, and the means of +keeping them in our houses, as a rule, is such a puzzle, that the +"detachable shelving for windows" ought to find favor with everybody, +young or old. + +This shelving is an apparently simple arrangement of three shelves +connected by strong braces running from one to another, and attached to +the sides of the window in two places by screw-eyes and nuts which are +securely fastened in the outer frame of the window. Simple as it +appears, it is very ingeniously contrived, and forms a most desirable +substitute for the window-ledge itself, which is seldom wide enough for +flower-pots to stand on with any degree of safety. + + +STATION-INDICATOR.--We remember once travelling in the winter in almost +the last car of a long train, where we could not see the names of the +stations; the conductor shouted out the stopping-places in a way not +easy to understand, and we had no time-table and did not know when the +train was due. It was the most uncomfortable journey it is possible to +imagine. A station-indicator in each car would forever prevent the +recurrence of such discomfort and anxiety. Curiously enough, two have +been invented within six months; the later one has an endless roll with +the names of all the stations on the route, and, by the movement of a +simple bar, after passing one station the name of the next one appears +in its place. + + * * * * * + +SIMPLE LESSONS IN THE + +STUDY OF NATURE + +By I.G. OAKLEY + + +This is a handy little book, which many a teacher who is looking for means +to offer children genuine nature study may be thankful to get hold of. + +Nature lessons, to be entitled to that name, must deal with what can be +handled and scrutinized at leisure by the child, pulled apart, and even +wasted. This can be done with the objects discussed in this book; they are +under the feet of childhood--grass, feathers, a fallen leaf, a budding +twig, or twisted shell; these things cannot be far out of the way, even +within the stony limits of a city. + +Nor are the lessons haphazard dashes at the nearest living thing; on the +contrary, they are virtually fundamental, whether with respect to their +relation to some of the classified sciences, or with reference to the +development of thought and power of expression in the child himself. + +The illustrations are few, and scarcely more than figures; it is not meant +to be a pretty picture-book, yet is most clearly and beautifully printed +and arranged, for its material is to be that out of which pictures are +made. It will be found full of suggestions of practical value to teachers +who are carrying the miscellaneous work of ungraded schools, and who have +the unspeakable privilege of dealing with their pupils untrammelled by +cast-iron methods and account-keeping examination records. + + =_Sample copy, 50 Cents, post-paid_= + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + 3 & 5 W. 18th St. ˇ ˇ ˇ New York City= + + + =KLEMMS'= +=RELIEF PRACTICE MAPS.= + + * * * * * + +=LIST OF MAPS.= + + Small size, 9-1/2 x 11 { Plain, 5 cents each. + { With Waterproofed surface 10 " " + + Europe, Asia, Africa; North America, South America, East Central + States, New England, Middle Atlantic States, South Atlantic + States, Palestine, Australia. + + + Large size, 10 x 15 { Plain, 10 cents each. + { With Waterproofed Surface, 15 " " + + United States, British Isles, Roman Empire, Western Europe, + North America, South America, Asia. + + (POSTAGE ON SINGLE MAPS, 5 CENTS.) + + * * * * * + +"I would advise =Sunday-school teachers= to use, in connection with the +lessons of 1897, =Klemm's Relief Map of the Roman Empire=. Every scholar +who can draw should have a copy of it. Being blank, it can be beautifully +colored: waters, blue; mountains, brown; valleys, green; deserts, yellow; +cities marked with pin-holes; and the journeys of Paul can be traced upon +it."--MRS. WILBUR F. CRAFTS, _President International Union of +Primary Sabbath-School Teachers of the United States_. + + * * * * * + +=DESCRIPTION OF THE MAPS.= + +These maps are made in two forms, both with beautifully executed relief +(embossed)--the cheaper ones of plain stiff paper similar to drawing paper +(these are to be substituted for and used as outline map blanks), the +others covered with a durable waterproof surface, that can be quickly +cleaned with a damp sponge, adapted to receive a succession of markings +and cleansings. Oceans, lakes, and rivers, as well as land, appear in the +same color, white, so as to facilitate the use of the map as a +=_geographical slate_=. + + * * * * * + + =WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON + _3 & 5 W. 18th St. ˇˇˇ New York City_= + + + * * * * * + + + =TO ANY ONE SENDING US= + + =...3...= + New Subscribers + +[Illustration: Book-Rest] + + + OAK + WE WILL SEND A WALNUT + =Lambie Book-Rest= IN CHERRY + JAPANNED + OR BRONZED + + This book-rest holds the book in any position and at any slant, so + that you can shift the book when you change your position as freely + as you can move your hand. Can be made fast to chair, table, or + lounge on either side. + + A VERY USEFUL AND CONVENIENT THING + +=And for 5 Subscribers a= + +=Lambie Dictionary-Holder= + + Can be used for any dictionary or large book. Keeps book open or + shut, as desired. Holder carries the weight and you handle it as if + it weighed nothing. Revolves, and is on castors. Can be drawn to + you with one hand. Can be raised or lowered. + +=IN OAK, WALNUT, OR CHERRY +JAPANNED OR BRONZED....= + +[Illustration: Dictionary Holder] + + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + * * * * * + + + + TO ANY ONE SENDING US + + [Illustration: Gold-plated Watch] + + =4= [Illustration: Flourish] + =New= + =Subscriptions= + + WE WILL SEND + EXPRESS PAID + + A stem-wind, stem-set, nickel movement, jewelled balances, + porcelain dial, highly finished throughout + + =Gold-Plated= + =Watch= + + EITHER OPEN FACE OR HUNTING CASE. ENGINE-TURNED (AS SHOWN IN CUT) + OR WITH A HANDSOME ENGRAVED DESIGN ON CASE. + +[Illustration: Divider] + +These watches are made in one of the best-known American factories, are +not clocks but real watches, and are _warranted_ to keep time +accurately. + +[Illustration: Divider] + + THE GREAT ROUND WORLD + 3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: + WOODEN PUTTER + BRASSIE SPOON + BRASSIE NIBLICK + DRIVER + CLEEK + IRON + LOFTING IRON + MASHIE + NIBLICK + IRON PUTTER] + + =To any one sending us 2 new subscribers= + + we will send, express paid, any one of the golf sticks shown in + cut... + +=These are the most approved shapes and styles and are made in the best +possible manner= + + * * * * * + + =2= special golf balls may be had for + ... =1= new subscription + + * * * * * + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 AND 5 WEST 18TH ST. NEW YORK CITY= + + * * * * * + +=PREMIUM LIST= + + In connection with our offer of any BICYCLE you wish for 100 new + subscriptions, we have prepared a + +=Premium Catalogue= + + This contains a list of selected articles which will be given to + those who may obtain a smaller number of subscriptions + + * * * * * + +Those who fail to secure the necessary number for the bicycle may make +selection from this catalogue. + + + * * * * * + + =Copy mailed on receipt of 5c.= + + * * * * * + + =THE GREAT ROUND WORLD= + =3 & 5 West 18th St, New York City= + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is +Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 38, July 29, 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND *** + +***** This file should be named 16139-8.txt or 16139-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/1/3/16139/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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