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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 51, October 28, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 51, October 28, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: June 9, 2005 [EBook #16032]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+    VOL. 1   OCTOBER 28, 1897.   NO. 51
+
+=Copyright, 1897, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+General Weyler's efforts to remain in Cuba have not met with success.
+
+In the face of the letters and petitions from his admirers in Cuba, and
+the demonstrations made by the soldiers in his favor, Señor Sagasta, the
+Spanish Prime Minister, has decided to recall him, and send out General
+Ramon Blanco in his stead.
+
+The news was received with delightful surprise by the many people who
+disapprove of Weyler's cruel conduct of the Cuban war. It had been
+feared that the efforts of his friends would have had weight with the
+new minister, and prevented Weyler's removal for the present.
+
+Señor Sagasta seems to be a man of his word. He stated that if he were
+called to take charge of the affairs of Spain his first act should be to
+recall Weyler, and he has not swerved from his determination.
+
+As we told you last week, General Weyler sent a despatch to Señor
+Sagasta announcing that he would not resign his office, and offering his
+services to the new Government.
+
+The day after the despatch was received, a cabinet meeting was held, at
+which it was decided that General Weyler must be recalled.
+
+The matter was therefore arranged with the utmost politeness on both
+sides.
+
+General Weyler in his message stated that it was impossible for him to
+offer his resignation to the ministry, because he was not merely acting
+as the Governor of Cuba, but as Commander-in-Chief of an army engaged in
+war, and in the last capacity he could never allow it to be said of him
+that he had offered to resign while in the face of an enemy.
+
+He added that he knew that he had the approval of the people of Spain
+and of some of the parties in power, but that he would also like to feel
+that he had the confidence of the ministers. This confidence, he
+declared, would enable him to finish the war, which he stated to be
+almost at an end.
+
+This very artful letter had no effect on either Sagasta or the
+Government. The sentence about the approval of the people of Spain and
+of some of the parties in power was undoubtedly meant as a hint to the
+Prime Minister that the General had powerful friends, and that it would
+not be a wise thing to interfere with him.
+
+Sagasta, however, replied to him, that while the ministry recognized and
+valued the work he had done for Spain, a change was considered
+desirable, and so he had decided to recall him.
+
+When the news of Sagasta's action reached the people, there was much
+excitement both in Spain and Cuba.
+
+In Spain it was reported that General Weyler meant to defy the
+Government, and keep his post in spite of Sagasta's orders, and that he
+had threatened that he would use his influence with the soldiers, and
+carry them with him over to the Carlists, if Sagasta did not instantly
+withdraw the recall.
+
+The Cubans, on their part, were panic-stricken. They have such a dread
+of Weyler that they expected he would revenge himself on them for his
+disgrace.
+
+In Havana some of the Cubans hired armed men to protect them from
+attack, and others crowded the steamship offices in an endeavor to
+escape from the country before the catastrophe came.
+
+The fears of the people were, however, set at rest by a statement from
+the Captain-General that he would never be guilty of any act which could
+cause his Government trouble. He therefore hastened to assure Señor
+Sagasta of his willingness to obey the wishes of the Government, and
+gave up his command in Cuba.
+
+He asked permission to leave the island at once, but Sagasta cabled to
+him that he must remain where he was until Oct. 20th.
+
+General Ramon Blanco will sail for Cuba on Oct. 15th.
+
+The newly appointed commander of the forces in Cuba was Governor-General
+of the Philippine Islands at the outbreak of the war there, but was
+recalled for political reasons.
+
+Unfortunately, his record for cruelty is not far behind Weyler's, and so
+the savage character of the war in Cuba is not likely to be changed by
+the change of commanders.
+
+The Cubans know Barman Blanco well. He was Captain-General of the
+island in 1879, when the second insurrection against the Spaniards
+started.
+
+Under him was Camilo Polavieja, who as Governor of the Philippines has
+made for himself an unenviable reputation for cruelty.
+
+To these two men was intrusted the task of suppressing the revolt.
+
+The insurrection of 1879 was not a very serious affair; the Cubans as a
+body took no part in it; but notwithstanding this fact, which was well
+known to the authorities, fully fifteen hundred men of position in Cuba
+were arrested, and many of them put to death without being tried or
+given an opportunity to prove their innocence.
+
+The Cubans have not forgotten this, and they have little to hope from
+General Blanco, especially as he has announced his intention of dealing
+with the present trouble in the same manner that he did with the revolt
+of 1879.
+
+He will find, however, that matters have changed considerably since
+1879.
+
+In those days a mere handful of the Cuban people were in arms against
+Spain; now he will find himself among a people who are unfriendly to the
+cause he represents, and who have besides organized themselves until
+they have a government to direct their movements, and an army of
+veterans to protect them.
+
+Were this not enough to make his task a difficult one, he will find to
+his cost that the soldiers of Spain on whom he must rely are ill, poorly
+fed, and angry with the Government because it does not even pay them the
+pittance due in return for their services and sufferings.
+
+It is true that General Blanco is to take twenty thousand fresh troops
+with him. But sickness and disease are ravaging Cuba, and the
+new-comers, unused to the climate, are likely to be the first to fall
+victims to the fevers and plagues that are turning the beautiful island
+into a pest-house.
+
+It is said that Sagasta has ordered General Blanco to continue the war
+as long as there is an insurgent in arms against Spain, but that he does
+not intend to conquer the people by force of arms alone.
+
+The soldiers are to punish the Cubans if they will not obey the
+Government, but Señor Sagasta means to try and win the friendship of the
+people by giving them a kind and liberal form of government under which
+they may prosper and be happy. With this policy he hopes to bring the
+war to a speedy end.
+
+General Blanco's first act is to be to repeal some of the cruel laws
+made by Weyler, especially those which have driven the unfortunate
+peasants into the towns to starve, while their ungathered crops lie
+rotting in the fields.
+
+Whether these efforts to secure the friendship of the Cubans will be
+successful or not, the future alone can tell.
+
+At present the Cubans are not disposed to listen to any offers. They
+persist in their declaration that they are fighting for freedom, and
+that the change of ministers or captains-general makes no difference to
+them. They are not going to lay down their arms because Weyler is
+recalled, nor yet because Sagasta offers them Home Rule.
+
+As a last act before he leaves the island, General Weyler has pardoned a
+great number of Cubans whom he had exiled from their country, and these
+men are now free to return to their homes.
+
+In the mean while the Cubans have won two brilliant victories in Havana
+Province, and have also gained possession of a seaport town called Santa
+Maria, in the province of Pijar del Rio.
+
+General Weyler has stated that he has pacified the eastern part of the
+island, and has only a little more work to do before he will have the
+west completely subdued.
+
+In direct contradiction of this statement comes the news that Bayamo,
+Holguin, Jiguani, and other towns held by the Spanish in Santiago
+province (which is Eastern Cuba) have all been abandoned by the Spanish
+troops since the fall of Victoria de las Tunas.
+
+With these towns abandoned, the insurgents do not need such a large body
+of troops in Santiago, and so a strong force under the leadership of
+General Garcia is making its way westward to join the army in Havana and
+Pinar del Rio.
+
+This army crossed the trocha without any difficulty, attacked the town
+of Taguayabon in Santa Clara, captured it and plundered it with very
+little opposition from the Spaniards, and marched triumphantly on toward
+Matanzas province.
+
+The news has reached Havana that this body of men which is marching
+toward the city is the flower of the insurgent army. It is stated that
+it consists of infantry, cavalry, and three batteries of artillery, and
+is well supplied with arms and ammunition captured from Las Tunas.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A messenger from Cuba has arrived in this country, who states positively
+that the elections have been delayed, and that as yet no one has been
+chosen to fill the office of President. He adds that Señor Bartolome
+Maso is the favorite, and it is supposed that he will be the successful
+candidate. The news of the election of Señor Capote may not have been
+true, after all.
+
+This messenger, who is named Aguirre, says he is the bearer of some
+important messages and papers to the Cubans in America, but he will not
+say what they are until he has laid them before the proper authorities.
+It is thought that they may have something to do with the exchange of
+prisoners, and the recognition of the belligerency of the Cubans by the
+Spanish army.
+
+There has been great rejoicing during the last few days over the escape
+from prison of a young Cuban, Evangelina Cisneros.
+
+This girl displeased the Spanish commanders, and in revenge they accused
+her of being a dangerous rebel, and had her thrown into prison.
+
+She is a very young girl, but a little over fifteen years of age, but
+the Spaniards thrust her into the prison where all the worst women
+criminals were kept, and she had for her companions tipsy negresses and
+all the roughest and worst kinds of women, white and colored.
+
+Every one who heard of this thought it such a shameful thing for a
+delicate young girl to be forced to spend her days in the society of
+such terrible companions that the women of this country got up a
+monster petition, thousands signing it, and sent it to the Queen of
+Spain.
+
+This petition urged the Queen to have little Miss Cisneros removed to a
+more suitable prison, and to order that she be given a speedy trial, so
+that she might have an opportunity of proving her innocence.
+
+Her Majesty, Queen Christine, did order that the girl should be less
+hardly used, but General Weyler saw fit to disregard the royal
+instructions, and the child was kept locked up in this horrid prison.
+
+Finding that Weyler did not mean to help Señorita Cisneros, nor yet to
+give her a proper trial, some friends went to her rescue. Hiring a room
+opposite to her prison, two young men built a bridge of planks by which
+they were enabled to reach the window of her prison, and, as the story
+goes, after sending her drugged candies to give to her room-mates so
+that they might sleep heavily and not hear what was going on, these men
+sawed through the bars of her prison, lifted her out on the roof beside
+them, and hurried her away over the bridge to freedom.
+
+She was kept in concealment for a day or two, and then, disguised as a
+boy, passed under the nose of the police officer who was watching the
+steamers to prevent her escape to this country. Once on board and safely
+out of sight of Cuba, she confessed her secret to the stewardess, who
+gave her some woman's clothes, and took care of her until she was safely
+landed in New York.
+
+One of the New York papers, _The Journal_, claims the credit for the
+young girl's rescue, and states that the two men who freed her from her
+prison were reporters sent out from the paper to do the work. It is to
+be hoped that this is not true, for while we must sympathize with all
+unfortunate prisoners, we have no right to break open the jails of
+another country and free her criminals. If this story is true, Spain has
+a just cause of complaint against us.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Señor Sagasta has published the contents of the note presented to him by
+General Woodford, and which was said by so many people to be practically
+a declaration of war. It turns out to have been merely a polite inquiry
+as to how much longer the war was going to last, and whether Spain saw a
+possibility of bringing it to a speedy close.
+
+The Spanish Cabinet has not yet decided what answer shall be made to
+this note, but it is thought that Señor Sagasta will make a statement
+about the reforms that are about to be instituted in Cuba, and will ask
+that we wait and see the effect of these changes before we demand a
+positive answer to our letter.
+
+The dry-dock has been heard from.
+
+The builders of the dock have received a letter from the captain of the
+steamer that is towing it.
+
+The letter was written at Madeira, an island off the western coast of
+Africa. In it the captain says that the dry-dock has excellent seagoing
+qualities, and that he has no further fear of being able to tow it
+safely into port.
+
+Up to the time of writing, the captain had made eleven hundred miles
+with his tow, and as he considered the worst part of the voyage over, he
+expected to be able to increase the speed a little, and arrive in Cuba
+about the 8th of November.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is stated that his Holiness the Pope is trying to find some means of
+bringing the trouble about the excommunication of the Spanish Minister
+of Finance to a satisfactory conclusion.
+
+It appears that the Carlists are making great capital out of the affair,
+and are using it to turn the Spanish peasants against the Government.
+
+These people are very religious, and regard their priests with great
+respect and awe. They would not dream of disobeying their orders, and
+are led and advised by them to a very great extent.
+
+That one of the great men who are governing them should dare to disobey
+the commands of the Church, and have to be punished by so awful a
+penalty as excommunication, is so extraordinary to them that they can
+hardly believe it. The Carlists' agents have worked on these feelings
+until they have made the peasants believe that no good can come to a
+country governed by such ungodly men.
+
+Numbers of these peasants have become dissatisfied with the Government,
+and are turning toward Don Carlos, because they believe him to be a
+leader who will respect the laws of God as well as the laws of man.
+
+The Queen of Spain, hearing of this, has sent an urgent message to his
+Holiness the Pope, asking his aid, and he has immediately set about
+smoothing the matter over.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+England has sent a final refusal to take part in the conference on the
+seal question.
+
+The British Foreign Office has notified our ambassador in England, that
+Great Britain must decline to take part in any sealing conference to
+which Russia and Japan are invited.
+
+We told you a week or so ago that England had objected to the presence
+of Russia and Japan because she insisted that the conference that was
+called had reference to the Paris award. As there were only two parties
+to the Paris conference, herself and the United States, she declared
+that she could not see what business Russia or Japan had in the matter
+at all.
+
+The Paris award, if you remember (see page 976), had to do with the
+right of the United States to prevent other ships from entering the
+Bering Sea.
+
+The United States has called the attention of Great Britain to the fact
+that the Washington conference is in no way connected with the Paris
+award. It has been repeatedly stated that its object is to be merely to
+discover whether the seal herds are decreasing, and if so to decide upon
+a means of preserving them. Any decision that shall be arrived at at the
+Washington conference is to be binding on all nations interested in the
+sealing industry.
+
+Great Britain will not listen to this. She takes the stand that by the
+terms of the Paris award the code of laws governing the sealing
+fisheries will have to be revised every five years anyhow, and as the
+first five years will be up in 1898, she does not see the use of
+entering into the matter now. She therefore positively declines to take
+part in the conference.
+
+Those who are in a position to know say that England has been forced
+into this position by Canada.
+
+When Prof. D'Arcy Thompson returned from his trip to the seal islands
+this year, he brought with him information that completely upset his
+former statements and theories, and showed that the seals are decreasing
+rapidly.
+
+Canada became convinced that Russia, Japan, and the United States would
+combine in an effort to have the seals carefully preserved, and
+therefore she urged England to refuse to take part in the conference,
+and thus give her time to consider what may be the best course for her
+to take under the circumstances.
+
+Experts who have been in London examining the year's take of seal-skins
+are ready to state before the conference that eighty per cent of the
+skins sold by the Canadian companies are those of the mother seals, and
+that most of these animals have been shot.
+
+This latter point is important, because it is in this way that the seals
+are killed in the deep-sea or pelagic sealing, which the United States
+is so anxious to put a stop to.
+
+The conference will be held with or without England, but, feeling that
+Russia and Japan may also have cause for offence if England refuses to
+meet them, it is said that the State Department has written once more to
+the British Government, urging it to send some one to be present at the
+meetings.
+
+It is also reported that Sir Julian Pauncefote is anxious that England
+should be represented, and has used his influence to get her to do so.
+
+Our Government is inclined to think that England's refusal is not very
+polite. Lord Salisbury, however, says that he is entirely free from all
+blame in the matter, and that the whole trouble has been caused by a
+misunderstanding with our ambassador, Colonel Hay.
+
+His Lordship declares that when Colonel Hay saw him in July last, and
+gave him the information that Russia and Japan had consented to take
+part in the conference, he immediately said:
+
+"Oh, no, Great Britain will not take part on such conditions."
+
+Our ambassador did not hear any such reply, and understood Lord
+Salisbury to consent.
+
+In the mean while, the representatives of Russia and Japan have arrived
+in this country, and are waiting for the conference to begin.
+
+The English papers express themselves as being very pleased that England
+has refused to be present at the meeting. They insist that we were
+setting a trap for England, and trying to get her to say or do something
+at the conference which would let us out of paying the $425,000 of the
+Paris award.
+
+This is unkind of them, and not quite fair to us. By looking at page
+926, you will see that it was agreed that about $425,000 should be paid
+to Canada as damages for keeping her out of the Bering Sea. This sum was
+to be paid subject to the approval of Congress.
+
+When Congress came to look into the matter, it was found that Canada was
+not dealing quite fairly with us. A number of false claims were set up,
+and we were asked to pay for damage we had never done. A committee was
+appointed to look into the various claims, and is still at work on them.
+As soon as these matters are thoroughly sifted, the just claims will be
+paid.
+
+It does not seem right to accuse us of trying to avoid paying our debts
+because we want the items of every bill we are asked to pay. Every
+business man throughout the country likes to know what he is paying for
+before he parts with his good money, and why should a nation be less
+careful than an individual?
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Since the Greek Boulé accepted the terms of the treaty of peace, the
+business of settling these unfortunate affairs has been proceeding
+without any further hitch.
+
+The new Prime Minister declared on his accepting office that his first
+act should be to secure the evacuation of Thessaly, that is, the removal
+of the Turkish troops.
+
+He has set himself a task that would seem to be very difficult to
+perform, for it is reported that the Sultan has sent twenty thousand
+fresh troops into the territory within the last few days.
+
+The explanation he gives for this act, which looks very like a breach of
+faith with the Powers, is that he has sent these men to replace the
+invalid and disabled soldiers who are among his troops.
+
+The necessity for such action is not apparent to the European
+governments, as the terms of peace had been agreed on, and Greece had
+accepted them, so it did not seem as though the Sultan needed to keep a
+strong fighting force in Thessaly.
+
+People in Europe are daily growing more fearful that the Sultan does
+not mean to keep his promises, and that he will force Greece to pay the
+large war indemnity, while he keeps possession of Thessaly, and rules
+the Cretans in exactly the same cruel manner that he did before the war.
+
+A French journal has published an interesting account of the Sultan as a
+man.
+
+The writer describes Abdul Hamid as a man who has so many sides that it
+is impossible to say just what he is or is not.
+
+He is kind, amiable, and even attentive to those he likes, and takes
+pleasure in showering them with gifts, going to the trouble of finding
+out what present will be most acceptable to the recipients of his
+favors. At the same time he has such a frightful temper that his
+ministers are afraid of him.
+
+Abdul Hamid seems to be a very vain man, and likes to create an immense
+impression on his visitors. Any one who is to be admitted to the
+presence of the Sultan is therefore conducted through beautiful gardens
+and pavilions, past lines of fierce-looking soldiers, and on into a
+palace blazing with gold and splendor. Gradually his imagination is
+wrought up to such a pitch that he pictures the sovereign he is about to
+meet as a person robed in all the gorgeousness of the East, glittering
+with jewels, and a sort of Arabian-Nights figure of such splendor that
+he will hardly be able to rest his dazzled eyes upon him.
+
+Instead, he is finally conducted into an apartment more beautiful and
+gilded than any of the others. Mirrors reflect the light and splendor
+from side to side, until it appears to be a veritable fairyland. And
+here, waiting for the brilliant Sultan to appear in all his pomp and
+majesty, he is suddenly confronted by a slight, pale-faced man, dressed
+entirely in black, who stands motionless before him, and gazes at him
+with stony, expressionless eyes.
+
+The effect is said to be tremendous. Every one who has seen the Sultan
+says that this sudden contrast gives an awe-inspiring impression which
+it is impossible to describe. One Frenchman whom the Sultan wished to
+decorate almost fainted at the sight of the great man.
+
+Those of you who have never approached royalty may fancy this
+description is exaggerated. But it is an absolute fact that there is
+something about the approach of majesty that stirs your blood, and makes
+your heart beat and then stand still, if for one moment the royal gaze
+rests on you.
+
+In that moment you understand why men were glad to give up their lives
+and their fortunes for the sake of their kings, and you would be glad to
+drop on your knee or perform some act of self-abasement to relieve your
+own feelings. If these are the sensations that attack men when
+ordinary-looking people in ordinary-looking costumes come into the
+apartment, how much greater must the effect be after the long theatrical
+preparation which the Sultan makes his visitors pass through before they
+reach the presence.
+
+The writer we have quoted from thus sums up the character of the Sultan:
+
+"He is audacious and a coward, a dreamer and a man of business, a miser
+and a prodigal, a loving father and a sanguinary monster. In one day he
+condemned a nation to be slaughtered, signed a decree about decorating
+some ladies, and speculated in stocks, all with the same peaceful and
+contented manner."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is a report in South Africa that Dr. Jameson, the leader of the
+Transvaal Kid, will run for a seat in the Cape Town Assembly at the next
+election, and that the chances are that he will be elected by a large
+majority.
+
+The Boers are likely to have more trouble with such a firebrand as that
+helping to direct the affairs of a neighboring state.
+
+At the same time the news comes that Mr. Cecil Rhodes, the man who is
+accused of having planned the raid, is seriously ill in his home in Cape
+Town, and not expected to live.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Government of Siam has looked into the matter of the assault on
+Vice-Consul Kellet, and has decided to express regret to our Government
+that the trouble occurred.
+
+We told you about this affair last spring. Vice-Consul Kellet went into
+the interior of Siam to settle the estate of Mr. Cheek, an American who
+had died in Siam, and who had left directions that Mr. Kellet was to
+arrange his affairs for him.
+
+While in the performance of this duty, Mr. Kellet was attacked and
+beaten by Siamese soldiers.
+
+One of our gunboats, the _Raleigh_, was sent out to Bangkok to
+investigate the matter, and to protect the interests of our citizens
+there.
+
+At the time the trouble occurred, the then Secretary of State, Mr.
+Olney, thought that perhaps Mr. Kellet had been over-hasty, and the
+soldiers were not to blame.
+
+The message from Bangkok which now reaches us shows that Mr. Olney was
+wrong.
+
+The Siamese Government has decided that the soldiers were in the wrong,
+and a lieutenant and four privates who took part in the affair have been
+severely reprimanded, and suspended from their regiments without pay for
+several months.
+
+The Siamese Government has offered to make the fullest amends for the
+outrage, and Consul-General Barret, in his despatches, says that Mr.
+Kellet's conduct throughout was all that could be desired.
+
+The commission sent up to inquire into the matter declared that the
+viceroy of the district should have been able to check the ill-feeling
+of the soldiers, and he, too, has been reprimanded.
+
+The story of the affair, as it now reaches us, is that Mr. Kellet's
+servant was arrested by the native troops who act as police in the town
+of Chang Mai, where the Vice-Consul had gone to look into the Cheek
+claim. Mr. Kellet's interference on behalf of his servant enraged the
+soldiers, who set upon him and beat him severely.
+
+The Siamese Government has taken such a determined stand, and has
+offered such complete apologies for the offence, that there is now no
+ill-feeling about the matter, and the relations that exist between the
+two countries are more friendly than ever.
+
+The king of Siam, Chulalongkorn, who has been travelling through Europe
+since the jubilee celebrations, and of whose visit to Italy we told you
+in a former number, has made many friends for himself and his country
+by his intelligence and his charming manners.
+
+This king has manifested a close interest in the progress of
+civilization throughout his travels, and his country will certainly
+benefit from his broadened views when he returns home. His two sons are
+being educated at Harrow, which is one of the great English public
+schools, and the rival of the famous Eton, of which you must have heard.
+Public school in England does not mean free school for the benefit of
+the public, as it does with us, but a high-class school where the
+classics are taught, and which is patronized principally by the wealthy
+and titled classes, because the fees are so high that they are beyond
+the reach of ordinary people.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Reports are coming in from various sections of the country of the
+disastrous forest fires that are raging.
+
+In Michigan and Indiana, the smoke from these fires is so dense that it
+lies over the surface of Lake Michigan like a thick fog, and the sailors
+have difficulty in finding their way through it.
+
+In the southern part of Canada the losses have been terrible from these
+fires. Thousands of dollars' worth of timber has been destroyed, and
+many persons have lost their homes and their crops.
+
+In Manitoba the flames are said to be spreading, and there is great fear
+that the fire will reach the more thickly populated districts. Every
+effort is being made to prevent the fire from getting a start on the
+Minnesota side of the boundary, but it is feared that it will be
+impossible to do so.
+
+Settlers have been fighting the flames day and night for over a week,
+but have made little progress.
+
+Some two thousand Canadians have been rendered homeless and ten persons
+have been burned to death. In their advance the terrible flames have
+destroyed the towns and villages that lay in their path, and the report
+from Ontario alone states that farms, dwellings, stores, churches, and
+schools have been swept away by this dreadful scourge.
+
+The fall of the year is always the time when forest fires are to be
+dreaded. In dry seasons like the present, there is always a danger that
+some chance spark may light on the fallen leaves and the grass dried out
+by the heat of summer, and thus set the forests on fire.
+
+The latter part of this year has been particularly dry. In the Western
+and Middle States they say that rain has not been so badly needed in
+years. In many sections of the country there has been no rain for
+months. Water-courses and wells are reported as dried up, and many of
+the live stock are dying, for want of water.
+
+The grass has become so parched and dry that the farmers are having to
+feed their stock two months ahead of the usual time, and drive them
+miles to water. It is feared that later in the year there will be a
+fodder famine.
+
+As a regular thing, the cattle graze in the fields and feed themselves
+until the frost comes, when the farmers begin to feed them. Enough
+fodder is raised during the season to carry the stock comfortably
+through until the grass is up again; but as the corn and roots are
+liable to rot or mould, little more is grown than is necessary. You can
+see that it is a serious business for the farmers to have had to touch
+their winter supplies two months ahead of time.
+
+It is this drought which has caused the forest fires.
+
+In those sections of the country that have as yet escaped the fire, the
+prairies are as dry as tinder, and the owners of the fields are in
+constant fear that a spark from a passing locomotive may set fire to
+them. Men are kept on the watch night and day to prevent such a
+calamity.
+
+The Tonawanda Swamp is also on fire.
+
+Tonawanda is in the northern part of New York State, in the neighborhood
+of Buffalo, and is a great lumber town.
+
+The swamp covers twenty-five thousand acres, and adjoining it are many
+rich farm lands and valuable buildings.
+
+The underbrush grows so thickly in this swamp that it has always been
+necessary to clear it out every little while, and so the people have
+been in the habit of setting it on fire every year a few days before the
+equinoctial storms were due. They had found from experience that by the
+time the storms came the fires had burnt out enough of the undergrowth
+for their purpose, and the heavy rains which usually accompany the
+storms put the fires out for them.
+
+This year, however, the equinox brought no storm with it, and the
+lighted fires have continued to burn with such fierceness that not only
+the swamp, but the surrounding country, is in danger of being laid
+waste.
+
+The equinox is that period in which the sun, in its yearly course,
+crosses the equator, and makes the day and the night of equal length.
+This occurs twice in the year,--about March 21st and September
+22d,--and, as we have told you, is usually attended by high winds and
+severe storms.
+
+In Virginia there is also a serious forest fire. The Dismal Swamp, as it
+is called, is on fire. The smoke has become so dense that the people on
+the trains which run through are forced to keep all the windows closed,
+and even then the smoke is almost unbearable.
+
+The train hands report that the game and wild animals that have made
+their homes in the swamp are deserting it and fleeing in all directions.
+
+All over these sections of the country the constant prayer is for rain,
+rain, rain!
+
+Curious, is it not, that in one year we should have had a period of such
+heavy rain that dams were burst, rivers overflowed their banks, and the
+farmers lost their hay crops, and that this wet season should have been
+followed by such a severe drought that the forests have taken fire!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The latest news from Guatemala is that the government troops who are
+supporting Dictator Barrios have succeeded in recapturing the important
+city which the rebels had previously taken by storm.
+
+It is necessary that you know the name of this city, but it is one of
+the hardest we have had to encounter so far. Quezaltenango is its name.
+
+(Strange, isn't it, that foreign names should sound so funny to us, and
+be so difficult to pronounce? In many foreign tongues the _e_ is
+pronounced _a_, and the _a_, _ah_. If you remember this it will help you
+to a correct pronunciation of many names and places.)
+
+Quezaltenango being once more in the hands of the Government, Barrios
+has plucked up fresh courage, and attacked the insurgents with such
+vigor that one wing of their army has been defeated and driven into
+Mexico.
+
+President Diaz does not, however, intend to allow the rebels to use his
+country as a refuge, and he is sending forces to the frontier to drive
+them back into Guatemala, to be captured by Barrios.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An interesting sham fight took place in Van Cortland Park last week.
+
+The soldiers were divided into two forces, the attacking and the
+defending, and the object of the fight was to see what the commander's
+idea of defence would be, in case an enemy attacked the city.
+
+A number of officers from the regular army attended the fight, and
+praised our citizen soldiers in high terms for the excellent work they
+did during the action.
+
+The attacking party came up from the banks of the Hudson River at
+Riverdale, and endeavored to steal down the high-road to Kingsbridge,
+where they could cross over the Harlem River, and so find themselves on
+Manhattan Island, with the upper part of New York city at their mercy.
+
+The defenders divided their forces into two divisions,--the army of the
+West and the army of the East: the one to check the invaders if it was
+their intention to march across the country to New Rochelle, and the
+other to prevent any attempt to reach New York city.
+
+The general of the defending army took up his position on Woodlawn
+Heights, where he could see just which way the attacking army was going
+to move; and finding that the attempt was to be made on New York, sent
+troops to the roads and the fields through which the invaders must try
+to pass.
+
+So well did he lay his plans that the invaders found themselves checked
+at every point. There was not a loophole left unguarded for them to
+creep through, and at last, after much good generalship had been
+displayed on both sides, the invaders were driven back, and the
+defenders claimed the victory.
+
+The sham battle was followed by a review of the troops engaged, and when
+it was all over the citizen soldiers returned to the city, tired and
+dusty, but proud of their good day's work.
+
+                                                     G.H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+
+
+INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.
+
+
+An interesting advance in the postal system of our country was made
+recently when the first of the pneumatic tubes which are to carry mail
+underground from one office to another was declared ready for use.
+
+Some three hundred prominent men were present to see the first package
+of mail matter sent.
+
+[Illustration: Self-Registering Mail Box]
+
+This tube extends from the Produce Exchange to the Post-Office Building,
+and the trip can be made from one office to the other in one minute and
+a quarter.
+
+Mr. Chauncey Depew was present at the opening ceremonies, and having
+made an appropriate speech, sent off the first carrier of mail matter
+that passed through the tube.
+
+In less time than it takes to tell the story the carrier returned,
+bringing a receipt for the mail that had been sent, and a pretty little
+kitten which arrived breathless from its spin through the tube.
+
+The carriers are two feet long and seven inches round, and are made to
+fit the tube closely.
+
+Other tubes are to be laid throughout the city, and before very long
+every post-office in the city will be connected with the general
+post-office by pneumatic tube, and letters will be posted in Harlem and
+sent flying down the seven miles to the City Hall in a few minutes.
+
+Another ingenious postal device which has just been put on trial is the
+scheme for registering letters yourself.
+
+The first thing to do is to put a ten-cent piece in the slot. The coin
+opens a small registering window, and reveals a pad on which you write
+the address of the registered letter, and also an aperture through which
+the letter is to be dropped. The letter must first have been stamped
+with a two-cent stamp.
+
+After the letter is mailed the sender pulls a handle until a gong rings,
+and a receipt is then pushed out toward the sender. This receipt is in
+fact the second half of the order which he himself has written. As soon
+as the receipt is given the machine locks itself, and nothing will
+unlock it but a fresh dime in the slot.
+
+Worn coins, or those that are not full size and weight, are instantly
+rejected by the machine.
+
+The coin, after entering the machine, passes over a very delicate
+balance, and if it is found to be light or bad when it is weighed, the
+machine throws it out on the floor in front of the would-be registerer.
+
+Three of these machines have been placed on trial: one in the
+Post-Office Building, one in the Equitable Building, and one in the
+branch office at Forty-second Street.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 51, October 28, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+***** This file should be named 16032-8.txt or 16032-8.zip *****
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+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 51, October 28, 1897, by Julia Truitt Bishop.
+    </title>
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 51, October 28, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 51, October 28, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: June 9, 2005 [EBook #16032]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
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+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<p><a name="Page_1427" id="Page_1427"></a></p>
+
+
+<p class="figcenter"><img src="./images/title.png" alt="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" title="THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT" /></p>
+
+<div class='center'><b><span class='smcap'>Vol.</span> 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>October</span> 28, 1897.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class='smcap'>No.</span> 51</b></div>
+
+<div class='center'><b>Copyright, 1897, by <span class="smcap">The Great Round World</span> Publishing Company.</b></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p>General Weyler's efforts to remain in Cuba have not met with success.</p>
+
+<p>In the face of the letters and petitions from his admirers in Cuba, and
+the demonstrations made by the soldiers in his favor, Se&ntilde;or Sagasta, the
+Spanish Prime Minister, has decided to recall him, and send out General
+Ramon Blanco in his stead.</p>
+
+<p>The news was received with delightful surprise by the many people who
+disapprove of Weyler's cruel conduct of the Cuban war. It had been
+feared that the efforts of his friends would have had weight with the
+new minister, and prevented Weyler's removal for the present.</p>
+
+<p>Se&ntilde;or Sagasta seems to be a man of his word. He stated that if he were
+called to take charge of the affairs of Spain his first act should be to
+recall Weyler, and he has not swerved from his determination.</p>
+
+<p>As we told you last week, General Weyler sent a despatch to Se&ntilde;or
+Sagasta announcing that he would not resign his office, and offering his
+services to the new Government.<a name="Page_1428" id="Page_1428"></a></p>
+
+<p>The day after the despatch was received, a cabinet meeting was held, at
+which it was decided that General Weyler must be recalled.</p>
+
+<p>The matter was therefore arranged with the utmost politeness on both
+sides.</p>
+
+<p>General Weyler in his message stated that it was impossible for him to
+offer his resignation to the ministry, because he was not merely acting
+as the Governor of Cuba, but as Commander-in-Chief of an army engaged in
+war, and in the last capacity he could never allow it to be said of him
+that he had offered to resign while in the face of an enemy.</p>
+
+<p>He added that he knew that he had the approval of the people of Spain
+and of some of the parties in power, but that he would also like to feel
+that he had the confidence of the ministers. This confidence, he
+declared, would enable him to finish the war, which he stated to be
+almost at an end.</p>
+
+<p>This very artful letter had no effect on either Sagasta or the
+Government. The sentence about the approval of the people of Spain and
+of some of the parties in power was undoubtedly meant as a hint to the
+Prime Minister that the General had powerful friends, and that it would
+not be a wise thing to interfere with him.</p>
+
+<p>Sagasta, however, replied to him, that while the ministry recognized and
+valued the work he had done for Spain, a change was considered
+desirable, and so he had decided to recall him.</p>
+
+<p>When the news of Sagasta's action reached the people, there was much
+excitement both in Spain and Cuba.</p>
+
+<p>In Spain it was reported that General Weyler meant to defy the<a name="Page_1429" id="Page_1429"></a>
+Government, and keep his post in spite of Sagasta's orders, and that he
+had threatened that he would use his influence with the soldiers, and
+carry them with him over to the Carlists, if Sagasta did not instantly
+withdraw the recall.</p>
+
+<p>The Cubans, on their part, were panic-stricken. They have such a dread
+of Weyler that they expected he would revenge himself on them for his
+disgrace.</p>
+
+<p>In Havana some of the Cubans hired armed men to protect them from
+attack, and others crowded the steamship offices in an endeavor to
+escape from the country before the catastrophe came.</p>
+
+<p>The fears of the people were, however, set at rest by a statement from
+the Captain-General that he would never be guilty of any act which could
+cause his Government trouble. He therefore hastened to assure Se&ntilde;or
+Sagasta of his willingness to obey the wishes of the Government, and
+gave up his command in Cuba.</p>
+
+<p>He asked permission to leave the island at once, but Sagasta cabled to
+him that he must remain where he was until Oct. 20th.</p>
+
+<p>General Ramon Blanco will sail for Cuba on Oct. 15th.</p>
+
+<p>The newly appointed commander of the forces in Cuba was Governor-General
+of the Philippine Islands at the outbreak of the war there, but was
+recalled for political reasons.</p>
+
+<p>Unfortunately, his record for cruelty is not far behind Weyler's, and so
+the savage character of the war in Cuba is not likely to be changed by
+the change of commanders.</p>
+
+<p>The Cubans know Barman Blanco well. He was Captain-General of the<a name="Page_1430" id="Page_1430"></a>
+island in 1879, when the second insurrection against the Spaniards
+started.</p>
+
+<p>Under him was Camilo Polavieja, who as Governor of the Philippines has
+made for himself an unenviable reputation for cruelty.</p>
+
+<p>To these two men was intrusted the task of suppressing the revolt.</p>
+
+<p>The insurrection of 1879 was not a very serious affair; the Cubans as a
+body took no part in it; but notwithstanding this fact, which was well
+known to the authorities, fully fifteen hundred men of position in Cuba
+were arrested, and many of them put to death without being tried or
+given an opportunity to prove their innocence.</p>
+
+<p>The Cubans have not forgotten this, and they have little to hope from
+General Blanco, especially as he has announced his intention of dealing
+with the present trouble in the same manner that he did with the revolt
+of 1879.</p>
+
+<p>He will find, however, that matters have changed considerably since
+1879.</p>
+
+<p>In those days a mere handful of the Cuban people were in arms against
+Spain; now he will find himself among a people who are unfriendly to the
+cause he represents, and who have besides organized themselves until
+they have a government to direct their movements, and an army of
+veterans to protect them.</p>
+
+<p>Were this not enough to make his task a difficult one, he will find to
+his cost that the soldiers of Spain on whom he must rely are ill, poorly
+fed, and angry with the Government because it does not even pay them the
+pittance due in return for their services and sufferings.<a name="Page_1431" id="Page_1431"></a></p>
+
+<p>It is true that General Blanco is to take twenty thousand fresh troops
+with him. But sickness and disease are ravaging Cuba, and the
+new-comers, unused to the climate, are likely to be the first to fall
+victims to the fevers and plagues that are turning the beautiful island
+into a pest-house.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that Sagasta has ordered General Blanco to continue the war
+as long as there is an insurgent in arms against Spain, but that he does
+not intend to conquer the people by force of arms alone.</p>
+
+<p>The soldiers are to punish the Cubans if they will not obey the
+Government, but Se&ntilde;or Sagasta means to try and win the friendship of the
+people by giving them a kind and liberal form of government under which
+they may prosper and be happy. With this policy he hopes to bring the
+war to a speedy end.</p>
+
+<p>General Blanco's first act is to be to repeal some of the cruel laws
+made by Weyler, especially those which have driven the unfortunate
+peasants into the towns to starve, while their ungathered crops lie
+rotting in the fields.</p>
+
+<p>Whether these efforts to secure the friendship of the Cubans will be
+successful or not, the future alone can tell.</p>
+
+<p>At present the Cubans are not disposed to listen to any offers. They
+persist in their declaration that they are fighting for freedom, and
+that the change of ministers or captains-general makes no difference to
+them. They are not going to lay down their arms because Weyler is
+recalled, nor yet because Sagasta offers them Home Rule.</p>
+
+<p>As a last act before he leaves the island, General Weyler has pardoned a
+great number of Cubans <a name="Page_1432" id="Page_1432"></a>whom he had exiled from their country, and these
+men are now free to return to their homes.</p>
+
+<p>In the mean while the Cubans have won two brilliant victories in Havana
+Province, and have also gained possession of a seaport town called Santa
+Maria, in the province of Pijar del Rio.</p>
+
+<p>General Weyler has stated that he has pacified the eastern part of the
+island, and has only a little more work to do before he will have the
+west completely subdued.</p>
+
+<p>In direct contradiction of this statement comes the news that Bayamo,
+Holguin, Jiguani, and other towns held by the Spanish in Santiago
+province (which is Eastern Cuba) have all been abandoned by the Spanish
+troops since the fall of Victoria de las Tunas.</p>
+
+<p>With these towns abandoned, the insurgents do not need such a large body
+of troops in Santiago, and so a strong force under the leadership of
+General Garcia is making its way westward to join the army in Havana and
+Pinar del Rio.</p>
+
+<p>This army crossed the trocha without any difficulty, attacked the town
+of Taguayabon in Santa Clara, captured it and plundered it with very
+little opposition from the Spaniards, and marched triumphantly on toward
+Matanzas province.</p>
+
+<p>The news has reached Havana that this body of men which is marching
+toward the city is the flower of the insurgent army. It is stated that
+it consists of infantry, cavalry, and three batteries of artillery, and
+is well supplied with arms and ammunition captured from Las Tunas.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' /><p><a name="Page_1433" id="Page_1433"></a></p>
+
+<p>A messenger from Cuba has arrived in this country, who states positively
+that the elections have been delayed, and that as yet no one has been
+chosen to fill the office of President. He adds that Se&ntilde;or Bartolome
+Maso is the favorite, and it is supposed that he will be the successful
+candidate. The news of the election of Se&ntilde;or Capote may not have been
+true, after all.</p>
+
+<p>This messenger, who is named Aguirre, says he is the bearer of some
+important messages and papers to the Cubans in America, but he will not
+say what they are until he has laid them before the proper authorities.
+It is thought that they may have something to do with the exchange of
+prisoners, and the recognition of the belligerency of the Cubans by the
+Spanish army.</p>
+
+<p>There has been great rejoicing during the last few days over the escape
+from prison of a young Cuban, Evangelina Cisneros.</p>
+
+<p>This girl displeased the Spanish commanders, and in revenge they accused
+her of being a dangerous rebel, and had her thrown into prison.</p>
+
+<p>She is a very young girl, but a little over fifteen years of age, but
+the Spaniards thrust her into the prison where all the worst women
+criminals were kept, and she had for her companions tipsy negresses and
+all the roughest and worst kinds of women, white and colored.</p>
+
+<p>Every one who heard of this thought it such a shameful thing for a
+delicate young girl to be forced to spend her days in the society of
+such terrible companions that the women of this country got up a
+<a name="Page_1434" id="Page_1434"></a>monster petition, thousands signing it, and sent it to the Queen of
+Spain.</p>
+
+<p>This petition urged the Queen to have little Miss Cisneros removed to a
+more suitable prison, and to order that she be given a speedy trial, so
+that she might have an opportunity of proving her innocence.</p>
+
+<p>Her Majesty, Queen Christine, did order that the girl should be less
+hardly used, but General Weyler saw fit to disregard the royal
+instructions, and the child was kept locked up in this horrid prison.</p>
+
+<p>Finding that Weyler did not mean to help Se&ntilde;orita Cisneros, nor yet to
+give her a proper trial, some friends went to her rescue. Hiring a room
+opposite to her prison, two young men built a bridge of planks by which
+they were enabled to reach the window of her prison, and, as the story
+goes, after sending her drugged candies to give to her room-mates so
+that they might sleep heavily and not hear what was going on, these men
+sawed through the bars of her prison, lifted her out on the roof beside
+them, and hurried her away over the bridge to freedom.</p>
+
+<p>She was kept in concealment for a day or two, and then, disguised as a
+boy, passed under the nose of the police officer who was watching the
+steamers to prevent her escape to this country. Once on board and safely
+out of sight of Cuba, she confessed her secret to the stewardess, who
+gave her some woman's clothes, and took care of her until she was safely
+landed in New York.</p>
+
+<p>One of the New York papers, <i>The Journal</i>, claims the credit for the
+young girl's rescue, and states that the two men who freed her from her
+prison were re<a name="Page_1435" id="Page_1435"></a>porters sent out from the paper to do the work. It is to
+be hoped that this is not true, for while we must sympathize with all
+unfortunate prisoners, we have no right to break open the jails of
+another country and free her criminals. If this story is true, Spain has
+a just cause of complaint against us.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Se&ntilde;or Sagasta has published the contents of the note presented to him by
+General Woodford, and which was said by so many people to be practically
+a declaration of war. It turns out to have been merely a polite inquiry
+as to how much longer the war was going to last, and whether Spain saw a
+possibility of bringing it to a speedy close.</p>
+
+<p>The Spanish Cabinet has not yet decided what answer shall be made to
+this note, but it is thought that Se&ntilde;or Sagasta will make a statement
+about the reforms that are about to be instituted in Cuba, and will ask
+that we wait and see the effect of these changes before we demand a
+positive answer to our letter.</p>
+
+<p>The dry-dock has been heard from.</p>
+
+<p>The builders of the dock have received a letter from the captain of the
+steamer that is towing it.</p>
+
+<p>The letter was written at Madeira, an island off the western coast of
+Africa. In it the captain says that the dry-dock has excellent seagoing
+qualities, and that he has no further fear of being able to tow it
+safely into port.</p>
+
+<p>Up to the time of writing, the captain had made eleven hundred miles
+with his tow, and as he considered the worst part of the voyage over, he
+ex<a name="Page_1436" id="Page_1436"></a>pected to be able to increase the speed a little, and arrive in Cuba
+about the 8th of November.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>It is stated that his Holiness the Pope is trying to find some means of
+bringing the trouble about the excommunication of the Spanish Minister
+of Finance to a satisfactory conclusion.</p>
+
+<p>It appears that the Carlists are making great capital out of the affair,
+and are using it to turn the Spanish peasants against the Government.</p>
+
+<p>These people are very religious, and regard their priests with great
+respect and awe. They would not dream of disobeying their orders, and
+are led and advised by them to a very great extent.</p>
+
+<p>That one of the great men who are governing them should dare to disobey
+the commands of the Church, and have to be punished by so awful a
+penalty as excommunication, is so extraordinary to them that they can
+hardly believe it. The Carlists' agents have worked on these feelings
+until they have made the peasants believe that no good can come to a
+country governed by such ungodly men.</p>
+
+<p>Numbers of these peasants have become dissatisfied with the Government,
+and are turning toward Don Carlos, because they believe him to be a
+leader who will respect the laws of God as well as the laws of man.</p>
+
+<p>The Queen of Spain, hearing of this, has sent an urgent message to his
+Holiness the Pope, asking his aid, and he has immediately set about
+smoothing the matter over.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' /><p><a name="Page_1437" id="Page_1437"></a></p>
+
+<p>England has sent a final refusal to take part in the conference on the
+seal question.</p>
+
+<p>The British Foreign Office has notified our ambassador in England, that
+Great Britain must decline to take part in any sealing conference to
+which Russia and Japan are invited.</p>
+
+<p>We told you a week or so ago that England had objected to the presence
+of Russia and Japan because she insisted that the conference that was
+called had reference to the Paris award. As there were only two parties
+to the Paris conference, herself and the United States, she declared
+that she could not see what business Russia or Japan had in the matter
+at all.</p>
+
+<p>The Paris award, if you remember (see page 976), had to do with the
+right of the United States to prevent other ships from entering the
+Bering Sea.</p>
+
+<p>The United States has called the attention of Great Britain to the fact
+that the Washington conference is in no way connected with the Paris
+award. It has been repeatedly stated that its object is to be merely to
+discover whether the seal herds are decreasing, and if so to decide upon
+a means of preserving them. Any decision that shall be arrived at at the
+Washington conference is to be binding on all nations interested in the
+sealing industry.</p>
+
+<p>Great Britain will not listen to this. She takes the stand that by the
+terms of the Paris award the code of laws governing the sealing
+fisheries will have to be revised every five years anyhow, and as the
+first five years will be up in 1898, she does not see the use of
+entering into the matter now. She therefore positively declines to take
+part in the conference.<a name="Page_1438" id="Page_1438"></a></p>
+
+<p>Those who are in a position to know say that England has been forced
+into this position by Canada.</p>
+
+<p>When Prof. D'Arcy Thompson returned from his trip to the seal islands
+this year, he brought with him information that completely upset his
+former statements and theories, and showed that the seals are decreasing
+rapidly.</p>
+
+<p>Canada became convinced that Russia, Japan, and the United States would
+combine in an effort to have the seals carefully preserved, and
+therefore she urged England to refuse to take part in the conference,
+and thus give her time to consider what may be the best course for her
+to take under the circumstances.</p>
+
+<p>Experts who have been in London examining the year's take of seal-skins
+are ready to state before the conference that eighty per cent of the
+skins sold by the Canadian companies are those of the mother seals, and
+that most of these animals have been shot.</p>
+
+<p>This latter point is important, because it is in this way that the seals
+are killed in the deep-sea or pelagic sealing, which the United States
+is so anxious to put a stop to.</p>
+
+<p>The conference will be held with or without England, but, feeling that
+Russia and Japan may also have cause for offence if England refuses to
+meet them, it is said that the State Department has written once more to
+the British Government, urging it to send some one to be present at the
+meetings.</p>
+
+<p>It is also reported that Sir Julian Pauncefote is anxious that England
+should be represented, and has used his influence to get her to do so.</p>
+
+<p>Our Government is inclined to think that England's refusal is not very
+polite. Lord Salisbury, however, <a name="Page_1439" id="Page_1439"></a>says that he is entirely free from all
+blame in the matter, and that the whole trouble has been caused by a
+misunderstanding with our ambassador, Colonel Hay.</p>
+
+<p>His Lordship declares that when Colonel Hay saw him in July last, and
+gave him the information that Russia and Japan had consented to take
+part in the conference, he immediately said:</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, no, Great Britain will not take part on such conditions."</p>
+
+<p>Our ambassador did not hear any such reply, and understood Lord
+Salisbury to consent.</p>
+
+<p>In the mean while, the representatives of Russia and Japan have arrived
+in this country, and are waiting for the conference to begin.</p>
+
+<p>The English papers express themselves as being very pleased that England
+has refused to be present at the meeting. They insist that we were
+setting a trap for England, and trying to get her to say or do something
+at the conference which would let us out of paying the $425,000 of the
+Paris award.</p>
+
+<p>This is unkind of them, and not quite fair to us. By looking at page
+926, you will see that it was agreed that about $425,000 should be paid
+to Canada as damages for keeping her out of the Bering Sea. This sum was
+to be paid subject to the approval of Congress.</p>
+
+<p>When Congress came to look into the matter, it was found that Canada was
+not dealing quite fairly with us. A number of false claims were set up,
+and we were asked to pay for damage we had never done. A committee was
+appointed to look into the various claims, and is still at work on them.
+As soon as <a name="Page_1440" id="Page_1440"></a>these matters are thoroughly sifted, the just claims will be
+paid.</p>
+
+<p>It does not seem right to accuse us of trying to avoid paying our debts
+because we want the items of every bill we are asked to pay. Every
+business man throughout the country likes to know what he is paying for
+before he parts with his good money, and why should a nation be less
+careful than an individual?</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Since the Greek Boul&eacute; accepted the terms of the treaty of peace, the
+business of settling these unfortunate affairs has been proceeding
+without any further hitch.</p>
+
+<p>The new Prime Minister declared on his accepting office that his first
+act should be to secure the evacuation of Thessaly, that is, the removal
+of the Turkish troops.</p>
+
+<p>He has set himself a task that would seem to be very difficult to
+perform, for it is reported that the Sultan has sent twenty thousand
+fresh troops into the territory within the last few days.</p>
+
+<p>The explanation he gives for this act, which looks very like a breach of
+faith with the Powers, is that he has sent these men to replace the
+invalid and disabled soldiers who are among his troops.</p>
+
+<p>The necessity for such action is not apparent to the European
+governments, as the terms of peace had been agreed on, and Greece had
+accepted them, so it did not seem as though the Sultan needed to keep a
+strong fighting force in Thessaly.</p>
+
+<p>People in Europe are daily growing more fearful <a name="Page_1441" id="Page_1441"></a>that the Sultan does
+not mean to keep his promises, and that he will force Greece to pay the
+large war indemnity, while he keeps possession of Thessaly, and rules
+the Cretans in exactly the same cruel manner that he did before the war.</p>
+
+<p>A French journal has published an interesting account of the Sultan as a
+man.</p>
+
+<p>The writer describes Abdul Hamid as a man who has so many sides that it
+is impossible to say just what he is or is not.</p>
+
+<p>He is kind, amiable, and even attentive to those he likes, and takes
+pleasure in showering them with gifts, going to the trouble of finding
+out what present will be most acceptable to the recipients of his
+favors. At the same time he has such a frightful temper that his
+ministers are afraid of him.</p>
+
+<p>Abdul Hamid seems to be a very vain man, and likes to create an immense
+impression on his visitors. Any one who is to be admitted to the
+presence of the Sultan is therefore conducted through beautiful gardens
+and pavilions, past lines of fierce-looking soldiers, and on into a
+palace blazing with gold and splendor. Gradually his imagination is
+wrought up to such a pitch that he pictures the sovereign he is about to
+meet as a person robed in all the gorgeousness of the East, glittering
+with jewels, and a sort of Arabian-Nights figure of such splendor that
+he will hardly be able to rest his dazzled eyes upon him.</p>
+
+<p>Instead, he is finally conducted into an apartment more beautiful and
+gilded than any of the others. Mirrors reflect the light and splendor
+from side to side, until it appears to be a veritable fairyland. And
+here, waiting for the brilliant Sultan to appear in all <a name="Page_1442" id="Page_1442"></a>his pomp and
+majesty, he is suddenly confronted by a slight, pale-faced man, dressed
+entirely in black, who stands motionless before him, and gazes at him
+with stony, expressionless eyes.</p>
+
+<p>The effect is said to be tremendous. Every one who has seen the Sultan
+says that this sudden contrast gives an awe-inspiring impression which
+it is impossible to describe. One Frenchman whom the Sultan wished to
+decorate almost fainted at the sight of the great man.</p>
+
+<p>Those of you who have never approached royalty may fancy this
+description is exaggerated. But it is an absolute fact that there is
+something about the approach of majesty that stirs your blood, and makes
+your heart beat and then stand still, if for one moment the royal gaze
+rests on you.</p>
+
+<p>In that moment you understand why men were glad to give up their lives
+and their fortunes for the sake of their kings, and you would be glad to
+drop on your knee or perform some act of self-abasement to relieve your
+own feelings. If these are the sensations that attack men when
+ordinary-looking people in ordinary-looking costumes come into the
+apartment, how much greater must the effect be after the long theatrical
+preparation which the Sultan makes his visitors pass through before they
+reach the presence.</p>
+
+<p>The writer we have quoted from thus sums up the character of the Sultan:</p>
+
+<p>"He is audacious and a coward, a dreamer and a man of business, a miser
+and a prodigal, a loving father and a sanguinary monster. In one day he
+condemned a nation to be slaughtered, signed a decree about decorating
+some ladies, and speculated in <a name="Page_1443" id="Page_1443"></a>stocks, all with the same peaceful and
+contented manner."</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>There is a report in South Africa that Dr. Jameson, the leader of the
+Transvaal Kid, will run for a seat in the Cape Town Assembly at the next
+election, and that the chances are that he will be elected by a large
+majority.</p>
+
+<p>The Boers are likely to have more trouble with such a firebrand as that
+helping to direct the affairs of a neighboring state.</p>
+
+<p>At the same time the news comes that Mr. Cecil Rhodes, the man who is
+accused of having planned the raid, is seriously ill in his home in Cape
+Town, and not expected to live.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The Government of Siam has looked into the matter of the assault on
+Vice-Consul Kellet, and has decided to express regret to our Government
+that the trouble occurred.</p>
+
+<p>We told you about this affair last spring. Vice-Consul Kellet went into
+the interior of Siam to settle the estate of Mr. Cheek, an American who
+had died in Siam, and who had left directions that Mr. Kellet was to
+arrange his affairs for him.</p>
+
+<p>While in the performance of this duty, Mr. Kellet was attacked and
+beaten by Siamese soldiers.</p>
+
+<p>One of our gunboats, the <i>Raleigh</i>, was sent out to Bangkok to
+investigate the matter, and to protect the interests of our citizens
+there.</p>
+
+<p>At the time the trouble occurred, the then Secretary <a name="Page_1444" id="Page_1444"></a>of State, Mr.
+Olney, thought that perhaps Mr. Kellet had been over-hasty, and the
+soldiers were not to blame.</p>
+
+<p>The message from Bangkok which now reaches us shows that Mr. Olney was
+wrong.</p>
+
+<p>The Siamese Government has decided that the soldiers were in the wrong,
+and a lieutenant and four privates who took part in the affair have been
+severely reprimanded, and suspended from their regiments without pay for
+several months.</p>
+
+<p>The Siamese Government has offered to make the fullest amends for the
+outrage, and Consul-General Barret, in his despatches, says that Mr.
+Kellet's conduct throughout was all that could be desired.</p>
+
+<p>The commission sent up to inquire into the matter declared that the
+viceroy of the district should have been able to check the ill-feeling
+of the soldiers, and he, too, has been reprimanded.</p>
+
+<p>The story of the affair, as it now reaches us, is that Mr. Kellet's
+servant was arrested by the native troops who act as police in the town
+of Chang Mai, where the Vice-Consul had gone to look into the Cheek
+claim. Mr. Kellet's interference on behalf of his servant enraged the
+soldiers, who set upon him and beat him severely.</p>
+
+<p>The Siamese Government has taken such a determined stand, and has
+offered such complete apologies for the offence, that there is now no
+ill-feeling about the matter, and the relations that exist between the
+two countries are more friendly than ever.</p>
+
+<p>The king of Siam, Chulalongkorn, who has been travelling through Europe
+since the jubilee celebrations, and of whose visit to Italy we told you
+in a <a name="Page_1445" id="Page_1445"></a>former number, has made many friends for himself and his country
+by his intelligence and his charming manners.</p>
+
+<p>This king has manifested a close interest in the progress of
+civilization throughout his travels, and his country will certainly
+benefit from his broadened views when he returns home. His two sons are
+being educated at Harrow, which is one of the great English public
+schools, and the rival of the famous Eton, of which you must have heard.
+Public school in England does not mean free school for the benefit of
+the public, as it does with us, but a high-class school where the
+classics are taught, and which is patronized principally by the wealthy
+and titled classes, because the fees are so high that they are beyond
+the reach of ordinary people.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>Reports are coming in from various sections of the country of the
+disastrous forest fires that are raging.</p>
+
+<p>In Michigan and Indiana, the smoke from these fires is so dense that it
+lies over the surface of Lake Michigan like a thick fog, and the sailors
+have difficulty in finding their way through it.</p>
+
+<p>In the southern part of Canada the losses have been terrible from these
+fires. Thousands of dollars' worth of timber has been destroyed, and
+many persons have lost their homes and their crops.</p>
+
+<p>In Manitoba the flames are said to be spreading, and there is great fear
+that the fire will reach the more thickly populated districts. Every
+effort is being made to prevent the fire from getting a start on <a name="Page_1446" id="Page_1446"></a>the
+Minnesota side of the boundary, but it is feared that it will be
+impossible to do so.</p>
+
+<p>Settlers have been fighting the flames day and night for over a week,
+but have made little progress.</p>
+
+<p>Some two thousand Canadians have been rendered homeless and ten persons
+have been burned to death. In their advance the terrible flames have
+destroyed the towns and villages that lay in their path, and the report
+from Ontario alone states that farms, dwellings, stores, churches, and
+schools have been swept away by this dreadful scourge.</p>
+
+<p>The fall of the year is always the time when forest fires are to be
+dreaded. In dry seasons like the present, there is always a danger that
+some chance spark may light on the fallen leaves and the grass dried out
+by the heat of summer, and thus set the forests on fire.</p>
+
+<p>The latter part of this year has been particularly dry. In the Western
+and Middle States they say that rain has not been so badly needed in
+years. In many sections of the country there has been no rain for
+months. Water-courses and wells are reported as dried up, and many of
+the live stock are dying, for want of water.</p>
+
+<p>The grass has become so parched and dry that the farmers are having to
+feed their stock two months ahead of the usual time, and drive them
+miles to water. It is feared that later in the year there will be a
+fodder famine.</p>
+
+<p>As a regular thing, the cattle graze in the fields and feed themselves
+until the frost comes, when the farmers begin to feed them. Enough
+fodder is raised during the season to carry the stock comfortably
+<a name="Page_1447" id="Page_1447"></a>through until the grass is up again; but as the corn and roots are
+liable to rot or mould, little more is grown than is necessary. You can
+see that it is a serious business for the farmers to have had to touch
+their winter supplies two months ahead of time.</p>
+
+<p>It is this drought which has caused the forest fires.</p>
+
+<p>In those sections of the country that have as yet escaped the fire, the
+prairies are as dry as tinder, and the owners of the fields are in
+constant fear that a spark from a passing locomotive may set fire to
+them. Men are kept on the watch night and day to prevent such a
+calamity.</p>
+
+<p>The Tonawanda Swamp is also on fire.</p>
+
+<p>Tonawanda is in the northern part of New York State, in the neighborhood
+of Buffalo, and is a great lumber town.</p>
+
+<p>The swamp covers twenty-five thousand acres, and adjoining it are many
+rich farm lands and valuable buildings.</p>
+
+<p>The underbrush grows so thickly in this swamp that it has always been
+necessary to clear it out every little while, and so the people have
+been in the habit of setting it on fire every year a few days before the
+equinoctial storms were due. They had found from experience that by the
+time the storms came the fires had burnt out enough of the undergrowth
+for their purpose, and the heavy rains which usually accompany the
+storms put the fires out for them.</p>
+
+<p>This year, however, the equinox brought no storm with it, and the
+lighted fires have continued to burn with such fierceness that not only
+the swamp, but the surrounding country, is in danger of being laid
+waste.<a name="Page_1448" id="Page_1448"></a></p>
+
+<p>The equinox is that period in which the sun, in its yearly course,
+crosses the equator, and makes the day and the night of equal length.
+This occurs twice in the year,&mdash;about March 21st and September
+22d,&mdash;and, as we have told you, is usually attended by high winds and
+severe storms.</p>
+
+<p>In Virginia there is also a serious forest fire. The Dismal Swamp, as it
+is called, is on fire. The smoke has become so dense that the people on
+the trains which run through are forced to keep all the windows closed,
+and even then the smoke is almost unbearable.</p>
+
+<p>The train hands report that the game and wild animals that have made
+their homes in the swamp are deserting it and fleeing in all directions.</p>
+
+<p>All over these sections of the country the constant prayer is for rain,
+rain, rain!</p>
+
+<p>Curious, is it not, that in one year we should have had a period of such
+heavy rain that dams were burst, rivers overflowed their banks, and the
+farmers lost their hay crops, and that this wet season should have been
+followed by such a severe drought that the forests have taken fire!</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>The latest news from Guatemala is that the government troops who are
+supporting Dictator Barrios have succeeded in recapturing the important
+city which the rebels had previously taken by storm.</p>
+
+<p>It is necessary that you know the name of this city, but it is one of
+the hardest we have had to encounter so far. Quezaltenango is its name.</p>
+
+<p>(Strange, isn't it, that foreign names should sound so funny to us, and
+be so difficult to pronounce? In <a name="Page_1449" id="Page_1449"></a>many foreign tongues the <i>e</i> is
+pronounced <i>a</i>, and the <i>a</i>, <i>ah</i>. If you remember this it will help you
+to a correct pronunciation of many names and places.)</p>
+
+<p>Quezaltenango being once more in the hands of the Government, Barrios
+has plucked up fresh courage, and attacked the insurgents with such
+vigor that one wing of their army has been defeated and driven into
+Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>President Diaz does not, however, intend to allow the rebels to use his
+country as a refuge, and he is sending forces to the frontier to drive
+them back into Guatemala, to be captured by Barrios.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>An interesting sham fight took place in Van Cortland Park last week.</p>
+
+<p>The soldiers were divided into two forces, the attacking and the
+defending, and the object of the fight was to see what the commander's
+idea of defence would be, in case an enemy attacked the city.</p>
+
+<p>A number of officers from the regular army attended the fight, and
+praised our citizen soldiers in high terms for the excellent work they
+did during the action.</p>
+
+<p>The attacking party came up from the banks of the Hudson River at
+Riverdale, and endeavored to steal down the high-road to Kingsbridge,
+where they could cross over the Harlem River, and so find themselves on
+Manhattan Island, with the upper part of New York city at their mercy.</p>
+
+<p>The defenders divided their forces into two divisions,&mdash;the army of the
+West and the army of the East: the one to check the invaders if it was
+their in<a name="Page_1450" id="Page_1450"></a>tention to march across the country to New Rochelle, and the
+other to prevent any attempt to reach New York city.</p>
+
+<p>The general of the defending army took up his position on Woodlawn
+Heights, where he could see just which way the attacking army was going
+to move; and finding that the attempt was to be made on New York, sent
+troops to the roads and the fields through which the invaders must try
+to pass.</p>
+
+<p>So well did he lay his plans that the invaders found themselves checked
+at every point. There was not a loophole left unguarded for them to
+creep through, and at last, after much good generalship had been
+displayed on both sides, the invaders were driven back, and the
+defenders claimed the victory.</p>
+
+<p>The sham battle was followed by a review of the troops engaged, and when
+it was all over the citizen soldiers returned to the city, tired and
+dusty, but proud of their good day's work.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 22em;">G.H.</span><span class="smcap"> Rosenfeld</span>.<br />
+<a name="Page_1451" id="Page_1451"></a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>An interesting advance in the postal system of our country was made
+recently when the first of the pneumatic tubes which are to carry mail
+underground from one office to another was declared ready for use.</p>
+
+<p>Some three hundred prominent men were present to see the first package
+of mail matter sent.</p>
+
+<div class="figright">
+<a href="./images/25.png"><img src="./images/25-tb.png" alt="Self-Registering Mail Box" title="Self-Registering Mail Box" /></a>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>This tube extends from the Produce Exchange to the Post-Office Building,
+and the trip can be made from one office to the other in one minute and
+a quarter.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Chauncey Depew was present at the opening ceremonies, and having
+made an appropriate speech, sent off the first carrier of mail matter
+that passed through the tube.</p>
+
+<p>In less time than it takes to tell the story the carrier returned,
+bringing a receipt for the mail that had been sent, and a pretty little
+kitten which arrived breathless from its spin through the tube.</p>
+
+<p>The carriers are two feet long and seven inches round, and are made to
+fit the tube closely.</p>
+
+<p>Other tubes are to be laid throughout the city, and before very long
+every post-office in the city will be connected with the general
+post-office by pneumatic <a name="Page_1452" id="Page_1452"></a>tube, and letters will be posted in Harlem and
+sent flying down the seven miles to the City Hall in a few minutes.</p>
+
+<p>Another ingenious postal device which has just been put on trial is the
+scheme for registering letters yourself.</p>
+
+<p>The first thing to do is to put a ten-cent piece in the slot. The coin
+opens a small registering window, and reveals a pad on which you write
+the address of the registered letter, and also an aperture through which
+the letter is to be dropped. The letter must first have been stamped
+with a two-cent stamp.</p>
+
+<p>After the letter is mailed the sender pulls a handle until a gong rings,
+and a receipt is then pushed out toward the sender. This receipt is in
+fact the second half of the order which he himself has written. As soon
+as the receipt is given the machine locks itself, and nothing will
+unlock it but a fresh dime in the slot.</p>
+
+<p>Worn coins, or those that are not full size and weight, are instantly
+rejected by the machine.</p>
+
+<p>The coin, after entering the machine, passes over a very delicate
+balance, and if it is found to be light or bad when it is weighed, the
+machine throws it out on the floor in front of the would-be registerer.</p>
+
+<p>Three of these machines have been placed on trial: one in the
+Post-Office Building, one in the Equitable Building, and one in the
+branch office at Forty-second Street.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 51, October 28, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 51, October 28, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 51, October 28, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: June 9, 2005 [EBook #16032]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+    VOL. 1   OCTOBER 28, 1897.   NO. 51
+
+=Copyright, 1897, by THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+General Weyler's efforts to remain in Cuba have not met with success.
+
+In the face of the letters and petitions from his admirers in Cuba, and
+the demonstrations made by the soldiers in his favor, Senor Sagasta, the
+Spanish Prime Minister, has decided to recall him, and send out General
+Ramon Blanco in his stead.
+
+The news was received with delightful surprise by the many people who
+disapprove of Weyler's cruel conduct of the Cuban war. It had been
+feared that the efforts of his friends would have had weight with the
+new minister, and prevented Weyler's removal for the present.
+
+Senor Sagasta seems to be a man of his word. He stated that if he were
+called to take charge of the affairs of Spain his first act should be to
+recall Weyler, and he has not swerved from his determination.
+
+As we told you last week, General Weyler sent a despatch to Senor
+Sagasta announcing that he would not resign his office, and offering his
+services to the new Government.
+
+The day after the despatch was received, a cabinet meeting was held, at
+which it was decided that General Weyler must be recalled.
+
+The matter was therefore arranged with the utmost politeness on both
+sides.
+
+General Weyler in his message stated that it was impossible for him to
+offer his resignation to the ministry, because he was not merely acting
+as the Governor of Cuba, but as Commander-in-Chief of an army engaged in
+war, and in the last capacity he could never allow it to be said of him
+that he had offered to resign while in the face of an enemy.
+
+He added that he knew that he had the approval of the people of Spain
+and of some of the parties in power, but that he would also like to feel
+that he had the confidence of the ministers. This confidence, he
+declared, would enable him to finish the war, which he stated to be
+almost at an end.
+
+This very artful letter had no effect on either Sagasta or the
+Government. The sentence about the approval of the people of Spain and
+of some of the parties in power was undoubtedly meant as a hint to the
+Prime Minister that the General had powerful friends, and that it would
+not be a wise thing to interfere with him.
+
+Sagasta, however, replied to him, that while the ministry recognized and
+valued the work he had done for Spain, a change was considered
+desirable, and so he had decided to recall him.
+
+When the news of Sagasta's action reached the people, there was much
+excitement both in Spain and Cuba.
+
+In Spain it was reported that General Weyler meant to defy the
+Government, and keep his post in spite of Sagasta's orders, and that he
+had threatened that he would use his influence with the soldiers, and
+carry them with him over to the Carlists, if Sagasta did not instantly
+withdraw the recall.
+
+The Cubans, on their part, were panic-stricken. They have such a dread
+of Weyler that they expected he would revenge himself on them for his
+disgrace.
+
+In Havana some of the Cubans hired armed men to protect them from
+attack, and others crowded the steamship offices in an endeavor to
+escape from the country before the catastrophe came.
+
+The fears of the people were, however, set at rest by a statement from
+the Captain-General that he would never be guilty of any act which could
+cause his Government trouble. He therefore hastened to assure Senor
+Sagasta of his willingness to obey the wishes of the Government, and
+gave up his command in Cuba.
+
+He asked permission to leave the island at once, but Sagasta cabled to
+him that he must remain where he was until Oct. 20th.
+
+General Ramon Blanco will sail for Cuba on Oct. 15th.
+
+The newly appointed commander of the forces in Cuba was Governor-General
+of the Philippine Islands at the outbreak of the war there, but was
+recalled for political reasons.
+
+Unfortunately, his record for cruelty is not far behind Weyler's, and so
+the savage character of the war in Cuba is not likely to be changed by
+the change of commanders.
+
+The Cubans know Barman Blanco well. He was Captain-General of the
+island in 1879, when the second insurrection against the Spaniards
+started.
+
+Under him was Camilo Polavieja, who as Governor of the Philippines has
+made for himself an unenviable reputation for cruelty.
+
+To these two men was intrusted the task of suppressing the revolt.
+
+The insurrection of 1879 was not a very serious affair; the Cubans as a
+body took no part in it; but notwithstanding this fact, which was well
+known to the authorities, fully fifteen hundred men of position in Cuba
+were arrested, and many of them put to death without being tried or
+given an opportunity to prove their innocence.
+
+The Cubans have not forgotten this, and they have little to hope from
+General Blanco, especially as he has announced his intention of dealing
+with the present trouble in the same manner that he did with the revolt
+of 1879.
+
+He will find, however, that matters have changed considerably since
+1879.
+
+In those days a mere handful of the Cuban people were in arms against
+Spain; now he will find himself among a people who are unfriendly to the
+cause he represents, and who have besides organized themselves until
+they have a government to direct their movements, and an army of
+veterans to protect them.
+
+Were this not enough to make his task a difficult one, he will find to
+his cost that the soldiers of Spain on whom he must rely are ill, poorly
+fed, and angry with the Government because it does not even pay them the
+pittance due in return for their services and sufferings.
+
+It is true that General Blanco is to take twenty thousand fresh troops
+with him. But sickness and disease are ravaging Cuba, and the
+new-comers, unused to the climate, are likely to be the first to fall
+victims to the fevers and plagues that are turning the beautiful island
+into a pest-house.
+
+It is said that Sagasta has ordered General Blanco to continue the war
+as long as there is an insurgent in arms against Spain, but that he does
+not intend to conquer the people by force of arms alone.
+
+The soldiers are to punish the Cubans if they will not obey the
+Government, but Senor Sagasta means to try and win the friendship of the
+people by giving them a kind and liberal form of government under which
+they may prosper and be happy. With this policy he hopes to bring the
+war to a speedy end.
+
+General Blanco's first act is to be to repeal some of the cruel laws
+made by Weyler, especially those which have driven the unfortunate
+peasants into the towns to starve, while their ungathered crops lie
+rotting in the fields.
+
+Whether these efforts to secure the friendship of the Cubans will be
+successful or not, the future alone can tell.
+
+At present the Cubans are not disposed to listen to any offers. They
+persist in their declaration that they are fighting for freedom, and
+that the change of ministers or captains-general makes no difference to
+them. They are not going to lay down their arms because Weyler is
+recalled, nor yet because Sagasta offers them Home Rule.
+
+As a last act before he leaves the island, General Weyler has pardoned a
+great number of Cubans whom he had exiled from their country, and these
+men are now free to return to their homes.
+
+In the mean while the Cubans have won two brilliant victories in Havana
+Province, and have also gained possession of a seaport town called Santa
+Maria, in the province of Pijar del Rio.
+
+General Weyler has stated that he has pacified the eastern part of the
+island, and has only a little more work to do before he will have the
+west completely subdued.
+
+In direct contradiction of this statement comes the news that Bayamo,
+Holguin, Jiguani, and other towns held by the Spanish in Santiago
+province (which is Eastern Cuba) have all been abandoned by the Spanish
+troops since the fall of Victoria de las Tunas.
+
+With these towns abandoned, the insurgents do not need such a large body
+of troops in Santiago, and so a strong force under the leadership of
+General Garcia is making its way westward to join the army in Havana and
+Pinar del Rio.
+
+This army crossed the trocha without any difficulty, attacked the town
+of Taguayabon in Santa Clara, captured it and plundered it with very
+little opposition from the Spaniards, and marched triumphantly on toward
+Matanzas province.
+
+The news has reached Havana that this body of men which is marching
+toward the city is the flower of the insurgent army. It is stated that
+it consists of infantry, cavalry, and three batteries of artillery, and
+is well supplied with arms and ammunition captured from Las Tunas.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A messenger from Cuba has arrived in this country, who states positively
+that the elections have been delayed, and that as yet no one has been
+chosen to fill the office of President. He adds that Senor Bartolome
+Maso is the favorite, and it is supposed that he will be the successful
+candidate. The news of the election of Senor Capote may not have been
+true, after all.
+
+This messenger, who is named Aguirre, says he is the bearer of some
+important messages and papers to the Cubans in America, but he will not
+say what they are until he has laid them before the proper authorities.
+It is thought that they may have something to do with the exchange of
+prisoners, and the recognition of the belligerency of the Cubans by the
+Spanish army.
+
+There has been great rejoicing during the last few days over the escape
+from prison of a young Cuban, Evangelina Cisneros.
+
+This girl displeased the Spanish commanders, and in revenge they accused
+her of being a dangerous rebel, and had her thrown into prison.
+
+She is a very young girl, but a little over fifteen years of age, but
+the Spaniards thrust her into the prison where all the worst women
+criminals were kept, and she had for her companions tipsy negresses and
+all the roughest and worst kinds of women, white and colored.
+
+Every one who heard of this thought it such a shameful thing for a
+delicate young girl to be forced to spend her days in the society of
+such terrible companions that the women of this country got up a
+monster petition, thousands signing it, and sent it to the Queen of
+Spain.
+
+This petition urged the Queen to have little Miss Cisneros removed to a
+more suitable prison, and to order that she be given a speedy trial, so
+that she might have an opportunity of proving her innocence.
+
+Her Majesty, Queen Christine, did order that the girl should be less
+hardly used, but General Weyler saw fit to disregard the royal
+instructions, and the child was kept locked up in this horrid prison.
+
+Finding that Weyler did not mean to help Senorita Cisneros, nor yet to
+give her a proper trial, some friends went to her rescue. Hiring a room
+opposite to her prison, two young men built a bridge of planks by which
+they were enabled to reach the window of her prison, and, as the story
+goes, after sending her drugged candies to give to her room-mates so
+that they might sleep heavily and not hear what was going on, these men
+sawed through the bars of her prison, lifted her out on the roof beside
+them, and hurried her away over the bridge to freedom.
+
+She was kept in concealment for a day or two, and then, disguised as a
+boy, passed under the nose of the police officer who was watching the
+steamers to prevent her escape to this country. Once on board and safely
+out of sight of Cuba, she confessed her secret to the stewardess, who
+gave her some woman's clothes, and took care of her until she was safely
+landed in New York.
+
+One of the New York papers, _The Journal_, claims the credit for the
+young girl's rescue, and states that the two men who freed her from her
+prison were reporters sent out from the paper to do the work. It is to
+be hoped that this is not true, for while we must sympathize with all
+unfortunate prisoners, we have no right to break open the jails of
+another country and free her criminals. If this story is true, Spain has
+a just cause of complaint against us.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Senor Sagasta has published the contents of the note presented to him by
+General Woodford, and which was said by so many people to be practically
+a declaration of war. It turns out to have been merely a polite inquiry
+as to how much longer the war was going to last, and whether Spain saw a
+possibility of bringing it to a speedy close.
+
+The Spanish Cabinet has not yet decided what answer shall be made to
+this note, but it is thought that Senor Sagasta will make a statement
+about the reforms that are about to be instituted in Cuba, and will ask
+that we wait and see the effect of these changes before we demand a
+positive answer to our letter.
+
+The dry-dock has been heard from.
+
+The builders of the dock have received a letter from the captain of the
+steamer that is towing it.
+
+The letter was written at Madeira, an island off the western coast of
+Africa. In it the captain says that the dry-dock has excellent seagoing
+qualities, and that he has no further fear of being able to tow it
+safely into port.
+
+Up to the time of writing, the captain had made eleven hundred miles
+with his tow, and as he considered the worst part of the voyage over, he
+expected to be able to increase the speed a little, and arrive in Cuba
+about the 8th of November.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is stated that his Holiness the Pope is trying to find some means of
+bringing the trouble about the excommunication of the Spanish Minister
+of Finance to a satisfactory conclusion.
+
+It appears that the Carlists are making great capital out of the affair,
+and are using it to turn the Spanish peasants against the Government.
+
+These people are very religious, and regard their priests with great
+respect and awe. They would not dream of disobeying their orders, and
+are led and advised by them to a very great extent.
+
+That one of the great men who are governing them should dare to disobey
+the commands of the Church, and have to be punished by so awful a
+penalty as excommunication, is so extraordinary to them that they can
+hardly believe it. The Carlists' agents have worked on these feelings
+until they have made the peasants believe that no good can come to a
+country governed by such ungodly men.
+
+Numbers of these peasants have become dissatisfied with the Government,
+and are turning toward Don Carlos, because they believe him to be a
+leader who will respect the laws of God as well as the laws of man.
+
+The Queen of Spain, hearing of this, has sent an urgent message to his
+Holiness the Pope, asking his aid, and he has immediately set about
+smoothing the matter over.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+England has sent a final refusal to take part in the conference on the
+seal question.
+
+The British Foreign Office has notified our ambassador in England, that
+Great Britain must decline to take part in any sealing conference to
+which Russia and Japan are invited.
+
+We told you a week or so ago that England had objected to the presence
+of Russia and Japan because she insisted that the conference that was
+called had reference to the Paris award. As there were only two parties
+to the Paris conference, herself and the United States, she declared
+that she could not see what business Russia or Japan had in the matter
+at all.
+
+The Paris award, if you remember (see page 976), had to do with the
+right of the United States to prevent other ships from entering the
+Bering Sea.
+
+The United States has called the attention of Great Britain to the fact
+that the Washington conference is in no way connected with the Paris
+award. It has been repeatedly stated that its object is to be merely to
+discover whether the seal herds are decreasing, and if so to decide upon
+a means of preserving them. Any decision that shall be arrived at at the
+Washington conference is to be binding on all nations interested in the
+sealing industry.
+
+Great Britain will not listen to this. She takes the stand that by the
+terms of the Paris award the code of laws governing the sealing
+fisheries will have to be revised every five years anyhow, and as the
+first five years will be up in 1898, she does not see the use of
+entering into the matter now. She therefore positively declines to take
+part in the conference.
+
+Those who are in a position to know say that England has been forced
+into this position by Canada.
+
+When Prof. D'Arcy Thompson returned from his trip to the seal islands
+this year, he brought with him information that completely upset his
+former statements and theories, and showed that the seals are decreasing
+rapidly.
+
+Canada became convinced that Russia, Japan, and the United States would
+combine in an effort to have the seals carefully preserved, and
+therefore she urged England to refuse to take part in the conference,
+and thus give her time to consider what may be the best course for her
+to take under the circumstances.
+
+Experts who have been in London examining the year's take of seal-skins
+are ready to state before the conference that eighty per cent of the
+skins sold by the Canadian companies are those of the mother seals, and
+that most of these animals have been shot.
+
+This latter point is important, because it is in this way that the seals
+are killed in the deep-sea or pelagic sealing, which the United States
+is so anxious to put a stop to.
+
+The conference will be held with or without England, but, feeling that
+Russia and Japan may also have cause for offence if England refuses to
+meet them, it is said that the State Department has written once more to
+the British Government, urging it to send some one to be present at the
+meetings.
+
+It is also reported that Sir Julian Pauncefote is anxious that England
+should be represented, and has used his influence to get her to do so.
+
+Our Government is inclined to think that England's refusal is not very
+polite. Lord Salisbury, however, says that he is entirely free from all
+blame in the matter, and that the whole trouble has been caused by a
+misunderstanding with our ambassador, Colonel Hay.
+
+His Lordship declares that when Colonel Hay saw him in July last, and
+gave him the information that Russia and Japan had consented to take
+part in the conference, he immediately said:
+
+"Oh, no, Great Britain will not take part on such conditions."
+
+Our ambassador did not hear any such reply, and understood Lord
+Salisbury to consent.
+
+In the mean while, the representatives of Russia and Japan have arrived
+in this country, and are waiting for the conference to begin.
+
+The English papers express themselves as being very pleased that England
+has refused to be present at the meeting. They insist that we were
+setting a trap for England, and trying to get her to say or do something
+at the conference which would let us out of paying the $425,000 of the
+Paris award.
+
+This is unkind of them, and not quite fair to us. By looking at page
+926, you will see that it was agreed that about $425,000 should be paid
+to Canada as damages for keeping her out of the Bering Sea. This sum was
+to be paid subject to the approval of Congress.
+
+When Congress came to look into the matter, it was found that Canada was
+not dealing quite fairly with us. A number of false claims were set up,
+and we were asked to pay for damage we had never done. A committee was
+appointed to look into the various claims, and is still at work on them.
+As soon as these matters are thoroughly sifted, the just claims will be
+paid.
+
+It does not seem right to accuse us of trying to avoid paying our debts
+because we want the items of every bill we are asked to pay. Every
+business man throughout the country likes to know what he is paying for
+before he parts with his good money, and why should a nation be less
+careful than an individual?
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Since the Greek Boule accepted the terms of the treaty of peace, the
+business of settling these unfortunate affairs has been proceeding
+without any further hitch.
+
+The new Prime Minister declared on his accepting office that his first
+act should be to secure the evacuation of Thessaly, that is, the removal
+of the Turkish troops.
+
+He has set himself a task that would seem to be very difficult to
+perform, for it is reported that the Sultan has sent twenty thousand
+fresh troops into the territory within the last few days.
+
+The explanation he gives for this act, which looks very like a breach of
+faith with the Powers, is that he has sent these men to replace the
+invalid and disabled soldiers who are among his troops.
+
+The necessity for such action is not apparent to the European
+governments, as the terms of peace had been agreed on, and Greece had
+accepted them, so it did not seem as though the Sultan needed to keep a
+strong fighting force in Thessaly.
+
+People in Europe are daily growing more fearful that the Sultan does
+not mean to keep his promises, and that he will force Greece to pay the
+large war indemnity, while he keeps possession of Thessaly, and rules
+the Cretans in exactly the same cruel manner that he did before the war.
+
+A French journal has published an interesting account of the Sultan as a
+man.
+
+The writer describes Abdul Hamid as a man who has so many sides that it
+is impossible to say just what he is or is not.
+
+He is kind, amiable, and even attentive to those he likes, and takes
+pleasure in showering them with gifts, going to the trouble of finding
+out what present will be most acceptable to the recipients of his
+favors. At the same time he has such a frightful temper that his
+ministers are afraid of him.
+
+Abdul Hamid seems to be a very vain man, and likes to create an immense
+impression on his visitors. Any one who is to be admitted to the
+presence of the Sultan is therefore conducted through beautiful gardens
+and pavilions, past lines of fierce-looking soldiers, and on into a
+palace blazing with gold and splendor. Gradually his imagination is
+wrought up to such a pitch that he pictures the sovereign he is about to
+meet as a person robed in all the gorgeousness of the East, glittering
+with jewels, and a sort of Arabian-Nights figure of such splendor that
+he will hardly be able to rest his dazzled eyes upon him.
+
+Instead, he is finally conducted into an apartment more beautiful and
+gilded than any of the others. Mirrors reflect the light and splendor
+from side to side, until it appears to be a veritable fairyland. And
+here, waiting for the brilliant Sultan to appear in all his pomp and
+majesty, he is suddenly confronted by a slight, pale-faced man, dressed
+entirely in black, who stands motionless before him, and gazes at him
+with stony, expressionless eyes.
+
+The effect is said to be tremendous. Every one who has seen the Sultan
+says that this sudden contrast gives an awe-inspiring impression which
+it is impossible to describe. One Frenchman whom the Sultan wished to
+decorate almost fainted at the sight of the great man.
+
+Those of you who have never approached royalty may fancy this
+description is exaggerated. But it is an absolute fact that there is
+something about the approach of majesty that stirs your blood, and makes
+your heart beat and then stand still, if for one moment the royal gaze
+rests on you.
+
+In that moment you understand why men were glad to give up their lives
+and their fortunes for the sake of their kings, and you would be glad to
+drop on your knee or perform some act of self-abasement to relieve your
+own feelings. If these are the sensations that attack men when
+ordinary-looking people in ordinary-looking costumes come into the
+apartment, how much greater must the effect be after the long theatrical
+preparation which the Sultan makes his visitors pass through before they
+reach the presence.
+
+The writer we have quoted from thus sums up the character of the Sultan:
+
+"He is audacious and a coward, a dreamer and a man of business, a miser
+and a prodigal, a loving father and a sanguinary monster. In one day he
+condemned a nation to be slaughtered, signed a decree about decorating
+some ladies, and speculated in stocks, all with the same peaceful and
+contented manner."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is a report in South Africa that Dr. Jameson, the leader of the
+Transvaal Kid, will run for a seat in the Cape Town Assembly at the next
+election, and that the chances are that he will be elected by a large
+majority.
+
+The Boers are likely to have more trouble with such a firebrand as that
+helping to direct the affairs of a neighboring state.
+
+At the same time the news comes that Mr. Cecil Rhodes, the man who is
+accused of having planned the raid, is seriously ill in his home in Cape
+Town, and not expected to live.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Government of Siam has looked into the matter of the assault on
+Vice-Consul Kellet, and has decided to express regret to our Government
+that the trouble occurred.
+
+We told you about this affair last spring. Vice-Consul Kellet went into
+the interior of Siam to settle the estate of Mr. Cheek, an American who
+had died in Siam, and who had left directions that Mr. Kellet was to
+arrange his affairs for him.
+
+While in the performance of this duty, Mr. Kellet was attacked and
+beaten by Siamese soldiers.
+
+One of our gunboats, the _Raleigh_, was sent out to Bangkok to
+investigate the matter, and to protect the interests of our citizens
+there.
+
+At the time the trouble occurred, the then Secretary of State, Mr.
+Olney, thought that perhaps Mr. Kellet had been over-hasty, and the
+soldiers were not to blame.
+
+The message from Bangkok which now reaches us shows that Mr. Olney was
+wrong.
+
+The Siamese Government has decided that the soldiers were in the wrong,
+and a lieutenant and four privates who took part in the affair have been
+severely reprimanded, and suspended from their regiments without pay for
+several months.
+
+The Siamese Government has offered to make the fullest amends for the
+outrage, and Consul-General Barret, in his despatches, says that Mr.
+Kellet's conduct throughout was all that could be desired.
+
+The commission sent up to inquire into the matter declared that the
+viceroy of the district should have been able to check the ill-feeling
+of the soldiers, and he, too, has been reprimanded.
+
+The story of the affair, as it now reaches us, is that Mr. Kellet's
+servant was arrested by the native troops who act as police in the town
+of Chang Mai, where the Vice-Consul had gone to look into the Cheek
+claim. Mr. Kellet's interference on behalf of his servant enraged the
+soldiers, who set upon him and beat him severely.
+
+The Siamese Government has taken such a determined stand, and has
+offered such complete apologies for the offence, that there is now no
+ill-feeling about the matter, and the relations that exist between the
+two countries are more friendly than ever.
+
+The king of Siam, Chulalongkorn, who has been travelling through Europe
+since the jubilee celebrations, and of whose visit to Italy we told you
+in a former number, has made many friends for himself and his country
+by his intelligence and his charming manners.
+
+This king has manifested a close interest in the progress of
+civilization throughout his travels, and his country will certainly
+benefit from his broadened views when he returns home. His two sons are
+being educated at Harrow, which is one of the great English public
+schools, and the rival of the famous Eton, of which you must have heard.
+Public school in England does not mean free school for the benefit of
+the public, as it does with us, but a high-class school where the
+classics are taught, and which is patronized principally by the wealthy
+and titled classes, because the fees are so high that they are beyond
+the reach of ordinary people.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Reports are coming in from various sections of the country of the
+disastrous forest fires that are raging.
+
+In Michigan and Indiana, the smoke from these fires is so dense that it
+lies over the surface of Lake Michigan like a thick fog, and the sailors
+have difficulty in finding their way through it.
+
+In the southern part of Canada the losses have been terrible from these
+fires. Thousands of dollars' worth of timber has been destroyed, and
+many persons have lost their homes and their crops.
+
+In Manitoba the flames are said to be spreading, and there is great fear
+that the fire will reach the more thickly populated districts. Every
+effort is being made to prevent the fire from getting a start on the
+Minnesota side of the boundary, but it is feared that it will be
+impossible to do so.
+
+Settlers have been fighting the flames day and night for over a week,
+but have made little progress.
+
+Some two thousand Canadians have been rendered homeless and ten persons
+have been burned to death. In their advance the terrible flames have
+destroyed the towns and villages that lay in their path, and the report
+from Ontario alone states that farms, dwellings, stores, churches, and
+schools have been swept away by this dreadful scourge.
+
+The fall of the year is always the time when forest fires are to be
+dreaded. In dry seasons like the present, there is always a danger that
+some chance spark may light on the fallen leaves and the grass dried out
+by the heat of summer, and thus set the forests on fire.
+
+The latter part of this year has been particularly dry. In the Western
+and Middle States they say that rain has not been so badly needed in
+years. In many sections of the country there has been no rain for
+months. Water-courses and wells are reported as dried up, and many of
+the live stock are dying, for want of water.
+
+The grass has become so parched and dry that the farmers are having to
+feed their stock two months ahead of the usual time, and drive them
+miles to water. It is feared that later in the year there will be a
+fodder famine.
+
+As a regular thing, the cattle graze in the fields and feed themselves
+until the frost comes, when the farmers begin to feed them. Enough
+fodder is raised during the season to carry the stock comfortably
+through until the grass is up again; but as the corn and roots are
+liable to rot or mould, little more is grown than is necessary. You can
+see that it is a serious business for the farmers to have had to touch
+their winter supplies two months ahead of time.
+
+It is this drought which has caused the forest fires.
+
+In those sections of the country that have as yet escaped the fire, the
+prairies are as dry as tinder, and the owners of the fields are in
+constant fear that a spark from a passing locomotive may set fire to
+them. Men are kept on the watch night and day to prevent such a
+calamity.
+
+The Tonawanda Swamp is also on fire.
+
+Tonawanda is in the northern part of New York State, in the neighborhood
+of Buffalo, and is a great lumber town.
+
+The swamp covers twenty-five thousand acres, and adjoining it are many
+rich farm lands and valuable buildings.
+
+The underbrush grows so thickly in this swamp that it has always been
+necessary to clear it out every little while, and so the people have
+been in the habit of setting it on fire every year a few days before the
+equinoctial storms were due. They had found from experience that by the
+time the storms came the fires had burnt out enough of the undergrowth
+for their purpose, and the heavy rains which usually accompany the
+storms put the fires out for them.
+
+This year, however, the equinox brought no storm with it, and the
+lighted fires have continued to burn with such fierceness that not only
+the swamp, but the surrounding country, is in danger of being laid
+waste.
+
+The equinox is that period in which the sun, in its yearly course,
+crosses the equator, and makes the day and the night of equal length.
+This occurs twice in the year,--about March 21st and September
+22d,--and, as we have told you, is usually attended by high winds and
+severe storms.
+
+In Virginia there is also a serious forest fire. The Dismal Swamp, as it
+is called, is on fire. The smoke has become so dense that the people on
+the trains which run through are forced to keep all the windows closed,
+and even then the smoke is almost unbearable.
+
+The train hands report that the game and wild animals that have made
+their homes in the swamp are deserting it and fleeing in all directions.
+
+All over these sections of the country the constant prayer is for rain,
+rain, rain!
+
+Curious, is it not, that in one year we should have had a period of such
+heavy rain that dams were burst, rivers overflowed their banks, and the
+farmers lost their hay crops, and that this wet season should have been
+followed by such a severe drought that the forests have taken fire!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The latest news from Guatemala is that the government troops who are
+supporting Dictator Barrios have succeeded in recapturing the important
+city which the rebels had previously taken by storm.
+
+It is necessary that you know the name of this city, but it is one of
+the hardest we have had to encounter so far. Quezaltenango is its name.
+
+(Strange, isn't it, that foreign names should sound so funny to us, and
+be so difficult to pronounce? In many foreign tongues the _e_ is
+pronounced _a_, and the _a_, _ah_. If you remember this it will help you
+to a correct pronunciation of many names and places.)
+
+Quezaltenango being once more in the hands of the Government, Barrios
+has plucked up fresh courage, and attacked the insurgents with such
+vigor that one wing of their army has been defeated and driven into
+Mexico.
+
+President Diaz does not, however, intend to allow the rebels to use his
+country as a refuge, and he is sending forces to the frontier to drive
+them back into Guatemala, to be captured by Barrios.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An interesting sham fight took place in Van Cortland Park last week.
+
+The soldiers were divided into two forces, the attacking and the
+defending, and the object of the fight was to see what the commander's
+idea of defence would be, in case an enemy attacked the city.
+
+A number of officers from the regular army attended the fight, and
+praised our citizen soldiers in high terms for the excellent work they
+did during the action.
+
+The attacking party came up from the banks of the Hudson River at
+Riverdale, and endeavored to steal down the high-road to Kingsbridge,
+where they could cross over the Harlem River, and so find themselves on
+Manhattan Island, with the upper part of New York city at their mercy.
+
+The defenders divided their forces into two divisions,--the army of the
+West and the army of the East: the one to check the invaders if it was
+their intention to march across the country to New Rochelle, and the
+other to prevent any attempt to reach New York city.
+
+The general of the defending army took up his position on Woodlawn
+Heights, where he could see just which way the attacking army was going
+to move; and finding that the attempt was to be made on New York, sent
+troops to the roads and the fields through which the invaders must try
+to pass.
+
+So well did he lay his plans that the invaders found themselves checked
+at every point. There was not a loophole left unguarded for them to
+creep through, and at last, after much good generalship had been
+displayed on both sides, the invaders were driven back, and the
+defenders claimed the victory.
+
+The sham battle was followed by a review of the troops engaged, and when
+it was all over the citizen soldiers returned to the city, tired and
+dusty, but proud of their good day's work.
+
+                                                     G.H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+
+
+INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.
+
+
+An interesting advance in the postal system of our country was made
+recently when the first of the pneumatic tubes which are to carry mail
+underground from one office to another was declared ready for use.
+
+Some three hundred prominent men were present to see the first package
+of mail matter sent.
+
+[Illustration: Self-Registering Mail Box]
+
+This tube extends from the Produce Exchange to the Post-Office Building,
+and the trip can be made from one office to the other in one minute and
+a quarter.
+
+Mr. Chauncey Depew was present at the opening ceremonies, and having
+made an appropriate speech, sent off the first carrier of mail matter
+that passed through the tube.
+
+In less time than it takes to tell the story the carrier returned,
+bringing a receipt for the mail that had been sent, and a pretty little
+kitten which arrived breathless from its spin through the tube.
+
+The carriers are two feet long and seven inches round, and are made to
+fit the tube closely.
+
+Other tubes are to be laid throughout the city, and before very long
+every post-office in the city will be connected with the general
+post-office by pneumatic tube, and letters will be posted in Harlem and
+sent flying down the seven miles to the City Hall in a few minutes.
+
+Another ingenious postal device which has just been put on trial is the
+scheme for registering letters yourself.
+
+The first thing to do is to put a ten-cent piece in the slot. The coin
+opens a small registering window, and reveals a pad on which you write
+the address of the registered letter, and also an aperture through which
+the letter is to be dropped. The letter must first have been stamped
+with a two-cent stamp.
+
+After the letter is mailed the sender pulls a handle until a gong rings,
+and a receipt is then pushed out toward the sender. This receipt is in
+fact the second half of the order which he himself has written. As soon
+as the receipt is given the machine locks itself, and nothing will
+unlock it but a fresh dime in the slot.
+
+Worn coins, or those that are not full size and weight, are instantly
+rejected by the machine.
+
+The coin, after entering the machine, passes over a very delicate
+balance, and if it is found to be light or bad when it is weighed, the
+machine throws it out on the floor in front of the would-be registerer.
+
+Three of these machines have been placed on trial: one in the
+Post-Office Building, one in the Equitable Building, and one in the
+branch office at Forty-second Street.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 51, October 28, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD ***
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