initial commit of ebook 16024HEADmain

1 files changed, 1286 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/16024.txt b/16024.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf8ac7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/16024.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1286 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is Going On
+In It, Vol. 1, No. 46, September 23, 1897, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 46, September 23, 1897
+       A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
+
+Release Date: June 8, 2005 [EBook #16024]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE GREAT ROUND
+WORLD
+AND WHAT IS GOING ON IN IT.]
+
+    VOL. 1   SEPTEMBER 23, 1897.   NO. 46
+
+=Copyright, 1897, THE GREAT ROUND WORLD Publishing Company.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The latest news from India is of a most encouraging nature.
+
+It is supposed that the announcement made by the British Government that
+they mean to send a strong force to punish the rebellious tribes has had
+a good effect.
+
+The Afridis are reported to have held a council of war, and have decided
+to return to their homes and gather in their harvests. The head men of
+the tribe are said to be responsible for this decision, because they
+made a strong stand against the continuation of the war.
+
+It is probable that the reason of their return to their homes is not
+altogether because of their harvests, but that other tribes which had
+agreed to join in the uprising have become alarmed at the action of the
+British, and, fearful lest they too may come in for punishment, have
+refused to take any part in the border war.
+
+Haddah Mullah, the mad priest who is accused of having incited the
+tribes to rebel in the first instance, has also given in. It is said
+that he has dispersed his followers of the Swati tribe, and that they
+have returned to their homes.
+
+The Mullah had been gathering forces together for an attack on Peshawar,
+a strong British fort. To make his attempt successful he needed more men
+than he had under his command; he therefore ordered a tribe called the
+Mohmands to join him, and marched toward Peshawar, expecting to meet
+them on the way.
+
+When he and his followers arrived at the meeting-place, he found to his
+dismay that instead of the host of warriors he had expected, there was
+only a messenger from the chief of the Mohmands, who told him in very
+plain terms that they would have nothing to do with either the revolt or
+the attack on Peshawar.
+
+On hearing this it is said that the Mullah was so discouraged that he
+refused to lead the Swatis anymore, and ordered his followers to go back
+to their homes.
+
+If this report be indeed true, the worst of the rebellion is undoubtedly
+over, for the Haddah Mullah was the most dangerous enemy the British had
+to fear in the frontier war. By preying upon the superstitions of the
+tribe he had obtained such an influence over them that they regarded him
+as a prophet and obeyed his slightest word.
+
+To make them fight bravely he distributed rice that had been colored
+pink among his followers on the eve of a battle, and assured them that
+all who carried it would pass through the fiercest battle without a
+wound or scratch.
+
+On one occasion when the rice had been handed round from man to man it
+was found after the fight was over that the Mullah's hand was very badly
+cut. His followers began to murmur, and wonder how the giver of this
+charmed rice could himself be wounded in battle. The Mullah was,
+however, smart enough to invent a story about having seized a bayonet
+and purposely cut himself. His simple followers believed him, and
+continued to use the wonderful rice.
+
+The withdrawal of this crafty priest from active opposition will be a
+great assistance to the British cause, which has also been greatly
+strengthened during the last few days by the friendly attitude of the
+Ameer of Afghanistan.
+
+We told you how the British suspected that this ruler had helped to stir
+up the rebellion: at one time it was decided to send him another letter,
+calling him sharply to account for his double dealing.
+
+Before any such action could be taken, news was brought that the Ameer
+had caused the arrest of forty important tribesmen, who were supposed to
+have assisted the mad Mullah in rousing the people against the British.
+
+This action has had such an excellent effect on the tribes that many
+people suppose Great Britain's frontier war is over.
+
+The English have still a great deal to do on the borders of Afghanistan.
+For the sake of their future power in India they dare not let the
+natives think they can rebel against England without being severely
+punished. Whether the revolt is really over or not, a force will have to
+be sent against the rebellious tribes to teach them proper respect for
+British power.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+General Woodford has arrived safely in Spain, and is to be presented to
+the Queen Regent in a few days.
+
+He has, in the mean while, met the Duke of Tetuan, and has been very
+pleasantly received.
+
+A great sensation has, however, been caused in Havana by the publication
+of a letter from General Azcarraga, the present Spanish Prime Minister.
+In this letter the minister says that the Spanish Government will not
+listen to any demands from the United States, that no one in Spain
+thinks our country has any right to interfere in the Cuban question, and
+that rather than submit to American dictation, Spain is prepared to
+declare war.
+
+In the letter it is also said that if it becomes necessary to declare
+war, Spain is confident that she will have the support of the nations of
+Europe. It is argued that if we succeed in freeing Cuba we will be
+certain to try and get Canada and Jamaica away from England, and the
+French possessions from their mother country.
+
+The General asserts that if the United States succeeds in freeing Cuba,
+European rule in the New World will soon cease to exist.
+
+Finally, he says that if General Woodford's mission is after all merely
+to claim damages from Spain, he will be listened to with the utmost
+politeness, and then informed that Spain also has her claims against
+America. But if General Woodford persists in entering on the subject of
+the Cuban war, he will be told that Spain does not admit the right of
+the United States to interfere in her private affairs, and the
+ambassador will be politely but firmly requested to mind his own
+business.
+
+Every one is most anxious to learn just what General Woodford's mission
+is, and how Spain will receive it.
+
+In the mean while many people are wondering why Spain has suddenly
+become so averse to parting with her colonies. Many times in the last
+century she has ceded and sold them, and it seems strange that she
+should be unwilling to let Cuba purchase her freedom when it is the
+easiest way out of the present difficulty.
+
+At one time Spain had vast possessions in the New World. Louisiana,
+Florida, Mexico, the Central American States, Venezuela, Colombia,
+Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, and the Argentine
+Republic were all under the rule of Spain.
+
+One by one these countries have thrown off the Spanish yoke; Cuba is
+only following in their footsteps, and yet while the mother country has
+been content to receive valuable considerations for her other provinces,
+she declares that to surrender Cuba would be to forfeit her honor.
+
+Affairs in Madrid are approaching a crisis. It is rumored that within
+two weeks General Azcarraga will cease to be Prime Minister, and that
+Senor Sagasta will be called to take command of the affairs of State.
+Sagasta, as we have told you, has very broad views about Cuba, and
+wishes for nothing so much as peace with the unhappy little island.
+
+The affairs of the election in Cuba are progressing quietly.
+
+The election should have taken place on September 1st, but the bad
+roads made travelling so difficult that some of the most important
+members of the Assembly were unable to get to the meeting, and so the
+business of electing a President has had to be postponed for a few days.
+
+The Cubans say that the first work of the new administration must be to
+establish a government for _peace_. Up to the present time their
+thoughts have all been directed toward preserving the army in the field,
+and making it possible to continue the war.
+
+The rebellion has now such a strong hold in the eastern part of the
+island that it is necessary to provide laws for the welfare of those who
+are living under the flag of free Cuba, which, as we have told you
+before, now floats over Santiago de Cuba.
+
+The Government has already established factories and workshops to
+furnish supplies for the army, and about five thousand persons are
+employed in them.
+
+There are tanneries where the skins of beasts are made into leather;
+shoe, saddle, harness, gunpowder, and dynamite factories, and workshops
+for repairing arms and reloading gun-cartridges.
+
+A newspaper man who says he has been through these establishments states
+that while they are somewhat old-fashioned in their methods, owing to
+the impossibility of obtaining the newest machinery, the work they turn
+out is excellent.
+
+The Cuban Government is also providing for the education of its
+subjects. Free schools are being established wherever it is safe to do
+so, and every effort is being made to render the people who acknowledge
+the rule of the young republic happy and law-abiding.
+
+One of the candidates for the Presidency is Gen. Bartolome Maso, who
+holds the office of Vice-President under the present administration.
+
+Senor Maso is a dear friend and close companion of President Cisneros;
+so warm is this friendship, indeed, that Cisneros has offered to
+withdraw from the candidacy in favor of Maso, and Maso has refused to
+let him do so, declaring that he can serve the republic just as well
+whether he is President or private citizen.
+
+Maso is one of the soldiers who fought in the revolt ten years ago. He
+was one of the first to take up arms against Spain on the present
+occasion. You must not confound him with Maceo, the murdered general.
+This man is Bartolome Maso, the dead general was Antonio Maceo.
+
+Senor Maso is often lovingly referred to by the Cubans as the father of
+the revolution.
+
+Consul-General Lee has returned from Cuba. He has been ill for some
+months, and has obtained a few weeks' leave of absence in which to
+regain his strength. There are reports that he is not to return to Cuba,
+but that another Consul-General is to be appointed in his place. These
+rumors are not generally credited.
+
+From the Philippine Islands the news comes that the natives intend to
+prolong the war until Spain's money is exhausted, and then force her to
+agree to their demands.
+
+The main fighting in this insurrection has taken place on the island of
+Luzon. This island has been visited by a terrible disaster. One of its
+volcanic mountains has suddenly burst into activity, and thrown out
+streams of lava in such volume that they have travelled over twenty
+miles of country until they reached the sea.
+
+It is said that several villages have been destroyed by the lava flow,
+and about five hundred persons killed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is once more a prospect of a settlement of the Greek question.
+
+After the rejection of Lord Salisbury's plan, about which we told you
+last week, it seemed as if matters would again be brought to a
+standstill. England refused to consent to any plan that did not include
+the withdrawal of Turkish troops from Thessaly, and Germany would not
+listen to any arrangement that did not include the full control of the
+Greek Treasury.
+
+The Russian Minister, fearing another long delay, appealed to England,
+and demanded that she should agree to Germany's plan, or propose some
+other that would be agreeable to all the parties concerned.
+
+Lord Salisbury therefore made a new proposal to this effect. The Powers
+should take control of the revenues set aside by Greece for the payment
+of the war debt to Turkey, and that yet another sum should be handed
+over to the Powers to secure the payment of her other debts.
+
+The proposal also stated that when Greece had put the funds into the
+hands of the Powers, Turkey was immediately to recall her troops from
+Thessaly.
+
+The ambassadors all agreed to accept this plan, which, in truth, gave
+both Germany and England the points they desired. After the foreign
+Ministers had decided to accept it, it was shown informally to Tewfik
+Pasha.
+
+This official also appeared satisfied with the arrangements, and gave
+the ambassadors to understand that when it was formally presented to him
+he would be able to accept it in the name of the Sultan.
+
+It is therefore expected that the details of the peace treaty will be
+settled in a very few days.
+
+Greece, the country most interested in this settlement, is the party
+least satisfied with the arrangement.
+
+It is felt in Athens that the terms of the peace are very hard ones. The
+frontier question has been so settled that Greece is powerless to defend
+herself against the Turks if they should declare war on her again. The
+mountain passes and the important places in the mountain ranges will be
+in the hands of the Turks, and Greece will lie at the foot of the hills,
+a ready prey to any army that may descend on her from the heights.
+
+In addition to this, she has to pay a heavy war indemnity, and to do so
+must turn over the control of her revenue to foreigners.
+
+It will take many years before Greece can recover from this blow.
+
+The blockade of Crete is to be brought to an end, or "raised" as it is
+called.
+
+The Cretans having accepted the Home Rule offered them by the Powers,
+there is no longer any need for the allied fleets to remain there, and
+therefore the war-ships are to leave the island.
+
+It is difficult to see what good they have accomplished. When Djevad
+Pasha arrived at the island, giving himself all the airs of a new
+Turkish governor, the Cretans accepted Home Rule in the belief that the
+Powers would protect them from the Turks.
+
+Not being wily diplomatists, they did not insert any clause about the
+withdrawal of Turkish troops from the island, and therefore the Powers
+do not feel bound to demand this of Turkey, and are taking away the only
+protection the Cretans had, and are leaving them just as much at the
+mercy of the Turks as they were before Greece tried to go to their
+rescue.
+
+It seems a shabby piece of business on the part of the Powers, and one
+they will have hard work to justify even to themselves.
+
+The admirals have, it is true, requested Djevad Pasha to order all the
+Turks in the island disarmed with the exception of the Turkish soldiers.
+If he refuses they threaten to ask for his recall, but this is a very
+poor conclusion after all the fuss that has been made, and the trouble
+the interference of the Powers has caused.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is good news from the Soudan.
+
+After the British had taken the town of Abu Hamed, about which we told
+you a short while since, they continued to advance up the Nile toward
+the next important town that lay in their route to Khartoum.
+
+This town was Berber.
+
+It was expected that the Mahdists would make a fierce resistance at this
+place, and the British troops were prepared for severe fighting.
+
+What was their surprise on reaching Berber to find that the Mahdists
+had fled before them, and were encamped at the city of Matammeh, where
+they intended to make a stand against the invading army.
+
+Berber had been left in the hands of a few Soudanese who were friendly
+to the English, and willingly permitted them to take possession of the
+town.
+
+This city is only about two hundred miles from Khartoum, and no place of
+importance now lies in the way of the British advance on Khartoum, the
+Mahdist stronghold.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A very interesting movement is on foot to secure the return of the Jews
+to Palestine.
+
+We are all familiar with the beautiful story of Moses, and how he led
+the Jewish people out of their captivity in Egypt into the promised land
+of Palestine.
+
+We can follow out the history of the kingdom of Israel through its years
+of prosperity under David and Solomon; we can read how the Jews again
+became a conquered people, and fell under the rule of the Assyrians, the
+Babylonians, the Persians, and how under the leadership of Maccabeus
+they once more became a nation, only to fall into the hands of the
+Romans.
+
+History tells us how they revolted again and again under the Roman rule,
+and how at last, in the year 135 A.D., Jerusalem was taken by the Roman
+Emperor, and the Jews, driven from their country, ceased to be a nation,
+and were scattered over the face of the earth.
+
+From the year 135 Palestine remained in the hands of the Romans, and
+when they became converted to Christianity this land was regarded by
+them with great veneration. Bethlehem of Judea, where Jesus Christ was
+born, is in Palestine, and Jerusalem, where He suffered death on the
+cross, was the capital of Judea.
+
+In the sixth century Palestine fell into the hands of the Mohammedans,
+and it was to rescue the Holy City from the hands of unbelievers that
+the Christians of Europe first undertook those long and terrible wars
+which are known in history as the Crusades.
+
+The Christians finally conquered Jerusalem, and established a Christian
+kingdom there which lasted for eighty years, when the celebrated
+Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, reconquered the Holy City.
+
+Since that time Palestine has been in the hands of the Mohammedans, and
+in the year 1517 it was finally added to the Turkish Empire.
+
+The present idea of the Jewish people is to purchase Palestine from the
+Sultan of Turkey and re-settle the Hebrews there.
+
+A Hebrew Congress has just been held in Basle, Switzerland, for the
+purpose of discussing this matter.
+
+On the second day of the Congress a resolution was offered that a home
+be created in Palestine for the Jewish people, and that the consent and
+assistance of the Powers be asked to the plan.
+
+The resolution was instantly adopted, amid the greatest excitement and
+enthusiasm.
+
+Little more business was done that day. The people present were so
+excited with the hope of becoming a nation once more that they could
+not bring their minds to consider any less important subject.
+
+The next day, however, the Congress settled itself to a business-like
+consideration of the plan. It was resolved to treat with the Sultan of
+Turkey for the purchase of Palestine, and a committee was formed to
+collect funds for that object, it being considered desirable to raise
+fifty million dollars as speedily as possible.
+
+The idea of recolonizing Palestine is not a new one. In 1840 the
+generous Sir Moses Montefiore endeavored to start the scheme. Since his
+day several other attempts have been made.
+
+In 1878 some Jews in Jerusalem founded the first colony there, and
+through the assistance of Baron Edmond de Rothschild, and of a Jewish
+society in Paris, there are already five thousand Hebrews settled in
+Palestine. They have a tract of land about six square miles in extent,
+and have it in excellent cultivation, producing among other things an
+excellent vintage of Bordeaux, which is a high grade of claret.
+
+The present plan originated with Dr. Theodor Herzl of Vienna. He is a
+literary man whose work is well known in Austria, and he is considered
+well fitted to be the leader of this great movement.
+
+Dr. Herzl says that he does not think there will be much difficulty in
+making terms with the Sultan.
+
+He visited Constantinople last year, and had two long conversations with
+the Grand Vizier on the subject. While this minister did not answer Yes
+or No to his project, Dr. Herzl says that he can but feel that the
+Sultan was favorably impressed by it, as he sent him a decoration.
+
+A "decoration" is a badge or emblem, such as a cross, star, flower, or
+the like, which is bestowed by a sovereign as a special mark of favor or
+in recognition of some great service. Medals received for bravery on the
+field of battle are decorations.
+
+Some of these decorations, or orders, as they are also called, are
+extremely beautiful in workmanship and design. Each country has its own
+special orders, a certain few of which are only bestowed on royalty, or
+persons of very high rank.
+
+Decorations are intended to be worn on the left breast. To attach them
+to the clothing they are threaded on a ribbon which varies in color and
+design for every order. In Europe, medals and orders are only worn on
+full-dress occasions, but for ordinary use the proud owners of these
+marks of distinction will wear a small strip of ribbon belonging to the
+order.
+
+These favors are not, as a rule, lightly bestowed, and the possessors of
+the important European orders are rightfully proud of them.
+
+The decorating of Dr. Herzl may have been nothing more than amiability
+on the part of the Sultan, but it certainly showed that his Majesty was
+not displeased with the doctor's mission.
+
+The leaders of this new movement are not, however, pinning all their
+faith on the Sultan.
+
+If it becomes impossible to secure Palestine they will treat for a tract
+of land in some healthy part of South America.
+
+The land once secured, it is the intention to send a number of the
+poorer Jews out to it.
+
+These men are to be drawn from the laboring classes, and it is to be
+their work to lay out streets, build bridges and railroads, etc., and
+generally prepare the way for those who are to follow.
+
+It is not intended to make any class distinctions of rich or poor, or to
+send out a class of rich persons to profit by the work done for them by
+their less fortunate brothers. The leaders of the movement will lay out
+extensive works in the various kinds of building that we have mentioned,
+and it is expected that the business these works will create will
+attract settlers to the new country, who will start up foundries and
+factories. It is the intention to furnish the colony with all the latest
+improvements and inventions, and it is but reasonable to suppose that
+the new land will soon become an important centre of industry.
+
+The promoters of the scheme look for great assistance from England, and
+have approached Lord Salisbury in the hope of gaining his friendship.
+
+Europe would of course have a great deal to say about the establishment
+of an enlightened and progressive race on the borders of the Red Sea,
+and the new nation could not be established without the consent of the
+Powers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Russia is about building a new canal, which, when finished, will be one
+of the greatest works ever undertaken.
+
+It is to connect the Baltic Sea with the Black Sea, and is to be one
+thousand miles in length.
+
+It is to start from Riga on the Baltic, and run to Kherson at the mouth
+of the Dneiper River, where that river empties itself into the Black
+Sea.
+
+The advantages of this canal will be very great.
+
+At the present time a vessel voyaging from the Baltic to the Black Sea
+has to go all round Europe before it reaches its destination. Take your
+map and follow out the course a ship must take. It must skirt Denmark
+and pass into the North Sea, then go through the Straits of Dover, down
+the coast of France, across the Bay of Biscay, and down the coast of
+Portugal until the Straits of Gibraltar are reached. Here the vessel
+must pass into the beautiful Mediterranean Sea, and follow it along
+through the Grecian Archipelago, through the Dardanelles into the Sea of
+Marmora, and passing through the Bosporus, it at last finds itself in
+the Black Sea.
+
+The time required to make such a long voyage is a great loss to
+merchants, and the vessel has to pass through so many narrow straits and
+past so many strategic points that the voyage could hardly be undertaken
+if Russia were at war with any foreign nation.
+
+The canal is to be 213 feet wide at the surface, 115 feet at the base,
+and to have a depth of 27 feet.
+
+It should, therefore, be a very fine canal.
+
+Germany and the United States are both very pleased about this great
+work, for both nations see in it an opportunity to sell their iron and
+steel manufactures.
+
+The Czar of Russia has issued an order that there is to be no more
+exiling to Siberia except for certain very serious crimes.
+
+Instead, large prisons are to be built in Central Russia for the
+political criminals. The change is to go into effect in one year's time,
+when it is supposed that the new prisons will be in readiness.
+
+It seems almost too good to be true that the terrors of Siberian exile
+are to be abolished. To most of the unfortunate prisoners who were
+interviewed by Mr. George Kennan when he visited the Siberian convict
+settlements, even the horrors of the exile were as nothing compared to
+the awful journey on foot across the desolate steppes of Russia.
+
+All this will soon be at an end, and the nearness of the prisons to
+civilization will perhaps remove some of the abuses and ill-treatment of
+the prisoners now practised in the far-away Siberian prisons.
+
+If the young Czar Nicholas continues his kindly and humane methods of
+government it is likely that he will soon need very few political
+prisons.
+
+He has shown much kindness and clemency to his people since he came to
+the throne, and there is little doubt that his subjects will soon learn
+to love him and trust him in return.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The relations between the Transvaal and England are again being brought
+prominently before the world.
+
+Early in the spring, when it was rumored that Germany was taking too
+friendly an interest in the affairs of the Transvaal, Mr. Chamberlain,
+the Colonial Secretary of England, sent a very stormy letter to the
+Boers, saying that England insisted that the Transvaal should not make
+any foreign alliances without her consent, and that the treaty between
+the Transvaal and Great Britain, which is known as the "London Treaty,"
+must be very closely observed.
+
+To this the Boer Government replied that it would be glad to arbitrate
+that point as well as the amount of the payment to be made for the
+Jameson raid; and the various other points on which the two governments
+were at issue.
+
+Soon after this Dr. Leyds, President Krueger's confidential agent,
+arrived in England, and had a conference with Mr. Chamberlain. They
+appeared to come to satisfactory understanding, and there was every
+prospect of a peaceful settlement to the dispute.
+
+Some weeks after this conversation with Dr. Leyds, Mr. Chamberlain was
+asked by the House of Commons whether he had consented to arbitrate with
+the Transvaal.
+
+Mr. Chamberlain answered that some points would certainly be submitted
+to arbitration, but the question, of the Transvaal's right to allow a
+foreign country to befriend her could not be so treated, because it was
+expressly stated in the London convention that England had sovereign
+rights in the Transvaal, and could therefore insist on her wishes being
+carried out.
+
+When the news of Mr. Chamberlain's speech reached Pretoria, the capital
+of the Transvaal, there was great indignation among the Boers. The
+matter was debated by the Volksraad or Parliament, and several members
+declared that Great Britain must be shown that she no longer had any
+sovereign rights in the Transvaal.
+
+Meetings were held denouncing Mr. Chamberlain's remarks, and finally
+President Krueger delivered a speech before the Volksraad which caused
+considerable excitement, as its meaning was an open defiance of
+England.
+
+In this speech President Krueger stated that the Boers were perfectly
+willing to abide by the London convention, but he stated emphatically
+that the convention did not contain a word about the sovereign rights of
+England, and since it had been made, all such rights had ceased to
+exist.
+
+The London convention was made in 1884.
+
+In 1881, after the British forces had been beaten by the Boers, a treaty
+was made by which peace was restored, and the Transvaal recognized as a
+semi-independent republic, under the sovereignty of England.
+
+In this treaty it was understood that the Boers would have freedom of
+government as far as their home affairs went, but that no friendships or
+alliances could be made with foreign powers. The British Government
+reserved for itself the right of managing the foreign affairs of the
+Transvaal.
+
+This was in 1881.
+
+In 1884 a new agreement was entered into which expressly stated that
+England no longer wanted these rights, and that the Transvaal was free
+to govern the country without interference, and to manage its own
+foreign affairs as it pleased. One right only did England demand, and
+that was that the Transvaal should not make any treaty with a foreign
+country without the approval of the Queen.
+
+It stated that the Transvaal Government must send her Majesty a copy of
+any treaty it desired to make, and that if England notified the Boers
+within six months that the proposed treaty interfered with her rights in
+South Africa, it must be abandoned. Nothing was said in this agreement
+which prevented the Transvaal from having friendly dealings with
+foreign powers.
+
+Mr. Chamberlain seems to have become confused about the contents of the
+London convention of 1884, and to have got it mixed with the treaty of
+1881. The brave old President of the Transvaal has, however, determined
+to refresh his memory.
+
+In his speech before the Volksraad he stated grimly that the Boers would
+oppose to the last any attempt on the part of England to enforce her
+fancied rights, and having declared himself emphatically for war, he
+concluded with one of his quaint, pious remarks. He said the Boers
+wished to preserve peaceful and friendly relations with the whole world,
+because wherever love dwelt the blessing of God was sure to follow.
+
+President Krueger's defiance was regarded by the British Government as
+mere speech-making. The Government refused to believe that the old man
+wished his words to be taken seriously, and so passed the whole affair
+over as unworthy of notice.
+
+Mr. Chamberlain has been instructed to enforce Great Britain's sovereign
+rights in the Transvaal, and notwithstanding the fact that several of
+the London newspapers are calling attention to the treaty of 1884, he is
+determined to insist on these rights.
+
+It was rumored some time ago that as soon as the Greek troubles were out
+of the way, Germany, France, and Russia would take up the Transvaal
+question.
+
+This may perhaps be the reason why the Boer President so bravely defies
+the British Government, and if Mr. Chamberlain tries to force the
+Transvaal to submit, he may find that he has to reckon with these three
+powerful countries as well as the handful of Dutchmen in the South
+African Republic.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A terrible tragedy has occurred in Pennsylvania at a place called
+Hazleton, about twenty-five miles from Wilkesbarre.
+
+Some miners were shot and killed by order of the sheriff of the county.
+
+These miners were out on strike, their strike, however, not being in any
+way connected with the great coal strike of which we have told you in
+previous numbers.
+
+These men were dissatisfied because an extra two-hours' work was forced
+upon them every day without extra pay.
+
+Some mules which had formerly been stationed in another colliery were
+changed over to the one at which these men were employed, and the care
+of these animals occupied the drivers an extra hour morning and night,
+which the miners resented. They therefore struck work.
+
+Two of the drivers did not wish to join in the strike, and the
+superintendent, seeing this, did his best to persuade all the men to go
+to work. Upon this the strikers became angry, and bitter words and hard
+feeling resulted.
+
+Thinking themselves badly used, the men resolved to try and make the
+strike general in the neighborhood, and began marching from colliery to
+colliery, urging the men at work to lay down their picks and join them.
+
+The strikers have been very orderly, and have made no disturbance of any
+kind, but as they were principally foreigners who are ignorant of our
+laws and customs, it was thought best to have men on hand ready to check
+them if they attempted any lawless act. The sheriff of Luzerne County,
+in which Hazleton is situated, was therefore notified to be on the
+alert, and in his turn sent word to his deputies to be ready for action.
+
+The sheriff of a county is a very important officer. It is his duty to
+see that law and order are preserved within the limits of his county,
+that the penalties ordered by the judges are carried out, and to
+suppress all riots and uprisings in his district.
+
+To assist him in this work he has the right to call on as many citizens
+as he needs for the business in hand. These men he binds by an oath to
+aid him in the discharge of his duty and to help him to preserve the
+peace. They compose what is known as the sheriff's posse, and are a body
+of men who accompany him and help him to do his duty.
+
+Sheriff Martin, of Luzerne County, called out about ninety deputies for
+his posse, and had them in the vicinity of Hazleton for over a week
+before the shooting occurred.
+
+On the day of the tragedy a body of the strikers had determined to march
+to Lattimer, a village not very far away from Hazleton. They desired to
+persuade the miners there to join their ranks, and started out about two
+hundred and fifty strong, marching in a peaceable and orderly manner
+along the road. None of them were armed, and none showed the slightest
+desire for violence or riot.
+
+They had arrived within a few hundred yards of their destination when
+their road was blocked by the sheriff and his posse.
+
+Advancing toward them, the sheriff ordered them to go back to their
+homes, telling them that they were creating a disturbance and were
+acting in defiance of the law.
+
+Most of the strikers were foreigners, and, failing to understand what
+the sheriff said, the foremost men crowded round him, trying to prove to
+him that they were only parading, and had a perfect right to march
+through the streets if they only remained peaceful and orderly.
+
+Unfortunately the sheriff could not make out what they meant, and
+supposed they were defying him.
+
+He therefore proceeded to read them the Riot Act.
+
+This is an act which in the name of the commonwealth orders the persons
+assembled to disperse and go to their homes.
+
+If the rioters fail to obey they are liable to imprisonment and
+punishment according to the laws of the State, and the sheriff or person
+authorized to read the Riot Act is bound to arrest all persons who
+linger around after the act has been read to them.
+
+When a riot has assumed such a serious character that armed men have had
+to be called out to subdue it, the Riot Act is generally read, and then
+the soldiers or sheriff's deputies charge the mob, being careful not to
+fire on them or wound them unless necessary in self-defence or in
+performance of their duty.
+
+In this instance the sheriff utterly misunderstood the rioters, and as
+they crowded around him, trying to make out what it was that he was
+reading to them, he lost his self-control, and imagining the men were
+defying and threatening him, ordered his posse to fire.
+
+It was a frightful affair. Ninety well-armed men firing into a crowd of
+defenceless laborers. Twenty-three strikers were killed, thirty-six
+seriously wounded, and about forty more injured.
+
+As you may suppose, our whole country is mourning over this catastrophe.
+
+It would seem difficult to find where the real blame lies. The sheriff
+thought he was doing his duty, his posse but obeyed his orders, and the
+poor sacrificed miners had no idea what the sheriff was reading to them,
+nor any intention of offering violence.
+
+The whole neighborhood became so excited over the affray that the
+Governor of Pennsylvania immediately ordered some of the state troops to
+Hazleton to prevent further trouble.
+
+The sheriff and his posse are to be arrested and tried for killing the
+strikers.
+
+The Mayor of Hazleton declares that the shooting of the miners cannot be
+excused; that if the rioters refused to go home after the Riot Act had
+been read to them, the sheriff should have ordered his deputies to fire
+over the heads of the mob; and then, if they still continued rebellious,
+it was time to think about punishing them.
+
+The Riot Act states that persons lingering one hour after the act has
+been read shall be seized and arrested, and those who arrest them shall
+not be held liable for any injuries the rioters may receive; but this is
+only after an hour has elapsed. According to the accounts that have
+reached us, the sheriff ordered his men to fire immediately after the
+reading of the act.
+
+The great coal strike is, however, at an end.
+
+A fresh agreement has been offered, which both miners and owners have
+decided to accept.
+
+By it the men go to work at sixty-five cents per ton until January, when
+a new scale of wages is to be used. This scale will be settled by
+arbitration between this and January.
+
+The masters and men are to meet in joint conference, and both sides
+promise to abide by the decision of the arbitrators.
+
+It is said that Mr. de Armitt will not pay the sixty-five-cent rate, but
+will only give fifty-four cents till the new rate goes into effect in
+January. The leaders have determined to continue the strike in his mines
+if this report proves to be true, but in the other collieries the miners
+will go to work.
+
+                                                       G.H. ROSENFELD.
+
+
+
+
+INVENTION AND DISCOVERY.
+
+
+BICYCLE-HOLDER.-A clever invention comes to us from California. It is
+called a bicycle-holder, and is designed for carrying bicycles on street
+cars.
+
+It is a simple device consisting of two hooks placed on an iron bar,
+from the centre of which another bar depends which is also furnished
+with a hook.
+
+The wheel is hung on to the upper hooks, one of which passes through
+each wheel. The lower hook is so adjusted that the hind wheel rests in
+it, thus forming a perfect support for the machine.
+
+It is possible to attach two bicycle-holders to the back of each car,
+and if it works as well as it is expected to do, will be a great
+convenience to wheel-men.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ROAD MAP.--This is also a boon to bicyclists. The map, instead of
+folding up to put in the pocket, is rolled on two small cylinders. With
+the map comes a nickeled wire attachment which fits over the ends of the
+cylinders and holds a portion of the map firmly extended.
+
+In the centre of the wire holder is a loop which snaps on to the
+handle-bar of the wheel and enables the rider to carry his map stretched
+out before him ready for instant use.
+
+As the rider proceeds farther on his journey he can twist the cylinders
+and unroll a fresh portion of his map. It is an excellent device, and
+one which can be adjusted to all bicycles.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WRIST-GUIDE FOR PIANOS.-This is an attachment which can be fixed to any
+piano, and is intended to show the learner just the right angle at which
+the wrist should be held.
+
+Children seem naturally to be flabby-wristed when they are trying to
+learn to play, and to drop the wrists below the level of the keyboard
+seems to be the chief aim and object of every young pianist.
+
+Years ago there were not so many inventions for making learning
+delightful to the young, and we distinctly remember the fierce battles
+which used to take place at each music lesson over this very wrist
+business.
+
+As no wrist-guide had then been invented, necessity--which is the mother
+of invention, they say--taught our instructress to make one of her own.
+Hers was more simple than the present one, but probably even more
+effective. It consisted of a pair of sharp-pointed scissors which
+glistened ferociously under the learner's wrists, ready to give them a
+sharp reminder whenever they flagged and showed a disposition to droop.
+
+The piano was not as popular an instrument in those days as it has since
+become.
+
+This wrist-guide ought to save many tears and much vexation of spirit to
+both teacher and pupil.
+
+
+
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.
+
+
+We have received from the publishers, Thompson, Brown & Co., Boston, a
+set of the Duntonian Vertical Writing-Books. This series is described by
+the publishers as follows:
+
+"This is a distinctly new series of Vertical Writing-Books, having some
+special features of great teaching value. One of these is the specially
+made paper with water-marked direction lines which pertains only to this
+system, and by means of which a vertical hand can be much sooner
+acquired. These lines are not intended in any way as guide-lines to be
+carefully observed in writing the copy, but simply as a ready means of
+verifying the work and determining whether the writer is conforming to a
+practical vertical style or not."
+
+
+
+
+
+NOTICE.
+
+
+The attention of readers is called to the advertisement opposite the
+first reading page of this number. This contest cannot fail to be
+pleasant work, for to read through carefully the poem of Evangeline is a
+treat in itself. We hope that many of our young friends will compete;
+and if the proper sort of interest is shown in this contest, others will
+follow it.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
+Going On In It, Vol. 1, No. 46, September 23, 1897, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT ROUND WORLD AND ***
+
+***** This file should be named 16024.txt or 16024.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/0/2/16024/
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Emmy and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.(www.pgdp.net)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+*** END: FULL LICENSE ***
+