diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'old/1474.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/1474.txt | 2087 |
1 files changed, 2087 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/old/1474.txt b/old/1474.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..19252bf --- /dev/null +++ b/old/1474.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2087 @@ +Project Gutenberg's The Illustrious Gaudissart, by Honore de Balzac + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Illustrious Gaudissart + +Author: Honore de Balzac + +Translator: Katharine Prescott Wormeley + +Release Date: September, 1998 [Etext #1474] +Posting Date: February 25, 2010 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ILLUSTRIOUS GAUDISSART *** + + + + +Produced by John Bickers, and Dagny + + + + + +THE ILLUSTRIOUS GAUDISSART + + +By Honore De Balzac + + + +Translated By Katharine Prescott Wormeley + + + + + DEDICATION + + To Madame la Duchesse de Castries. + + + + + +THE ILLUSTRIOUS GAUDISSART + + + +CHAPTER I + +The commercial traveller, a personage unknown to antiquity, is one of +the striking figures created by the manners and customs of our present +epoch. May he not, in some conceivable order of things, be destined to +mark for coming philosophers the great transition which welds a period +of material enterprise to the period of intellectual strength? Our +century will bind the realm of isolated power, abounding as it does +in creative genius, to the realm of universal but levelling might; +equalizing all products, spreading them broadcast among the masses, and +being itself controlled by the principle of unity,--the final expression +of all societies. Do we not find the dead level of barbarism succeeding +the saturnalia of popular thought and the last struggles of those +civilizations which accumulated the treasures of the world in one +direction? + +The commercial traveller! Is he not to the realm of ideas what our +stage-coaches are to men and things? He is their vehicle; he sets them +going, carries them along, rubs them up with one another. He takes from +the luminous centre a handful of light, and scatters it broadcast among +the drowsy populations of the duller regions. This human pyrotechnic is +a scholar without learning, a juggler hoaxed by himself, an unbelieving +priest of mysteries and dogmas, which he expounds all the better for his +want of faith. Curious being! He has seen everything, known everything, +and is up in all the ways of the world. Soaked in the vices of Paris, he +affects to be the fellow-well-met of the provinces. He is the link which +connects the village with the capital; though essentially he is neither +Parisian nor provincial,--he is a traveller. He sees nothing to the +core: men and places he knows by their names; as for things, he looks +merely at their surface, and he has his own little tape-line with which +to measure them. His glance shoots over all things and penetrates none. +He occupies himself with a great deal, yet nothing occupies him. + +Jester and jolly fellow, he keeps on good terms with all political +opinions, and is patriotic to the bottom of his soul. A capital mimic, +he knows how to put on, turn and turn about, the smiles of persuasion, +satisfaction, and good-nature, or drop them for the normal expression of +his natural man. He is compelled to be an observer of a certain sort in +the interests of his trade. He must probe men with a glance and guess +their habits, wants, and above all their solvency. To economize time he +must come to quick decisions as to his chances of success,--a practice +that makes him more or less a man of judgment; on the strength of which +he sets up as a judge of theatres, and discourses about those of Paris +and the provinces. + +He knows all the good and bad haunts in France, "de actu et visu." He +can pilot you, on occasion, to vice or virtue with equal assurance. +Blest with the eloquence of a hot-water spigot turned on at will, he can +check or let run, without floundering, the collection of phrases which +he keeps on tap, and which produce upon his victims the effect of a +moral shower-bath. Loquacious as a cricket, he smokes, drinks, wears a +profusion of trinkets, overawes the common people, passes for a lord +in the villages, and never permits himself to be "stumped,"--a slang +expression all his own. He knows how to slap his pockets at the right +time, and make his money jingle if he thinks the servants of the +second-class houses which he wants to enter (always eminently +suspicious) are likely to take him for a thief. Activity is not the +least surprising quality of this human machine. Not the hawk swooping +upon its prey, not the stag doubling before the huntsman and the hounds, +nor the hounds themselves catching scent of the game, can be compared +with him for the rapidity of his dart when he spies a "commission," for +the agility with which he trips up a rival and gets ahead of him, for +the keenness of his scent as he noses a customer and discovers the sport +where he can get off his wares. + +How many great qualities must such a man possess! You will find in all +countries many such diplomats of low degree; consummate negotiators +arguing in the interests of calico, jewels, frippery, wines; and often +displaying more true diplomacy than ambassadors themselves, who, for +the most part, know only the forms of it. No one in France can doubt the +powers of the commercial traveller; that intrepid soul who dares all, +and boldly brings the genius of civilization and the modern inventions +of Paris into a struggle with the plain commonsense of remote villages, +and the ignorant and boorish treadmill of provincial ways. Can we ever +forget the skilful manoeuvres by which he worms himself into the minds +of the populace, bringing a volume of words to bear upon the refractory, +reminding us of the indefatigable worker in marbles whose file eats +slowly into a block of porphyry? Would you seek to know the utmost power +of language, or the strongest pressure that a phrase can bring to bear +against rebellious lucre, against the miserly proprietor squatting +in the recesses of his country lair?--listen to one of these great +ambassadors of Parisian industry as he revolves and works and sucks like +an intelligent piston of the steam-engine called Speculation. + +"Monsieur," said a wise political economist, the +director-cashier-manager and secretary-general of a celebrated +fire-insurance company, "out of every five hundred thousand francs of +policies to be renewed in the provinces, not more than fifty thousand +are paid up voluntarily. The other four hundred and fifty thousand are +got in by the activity of our agents, who go about among those who are +in arrears and worry them with stories of horrible incendiaries until +they are driven to sign the new policies. Thus you see that eloquence, +the labial flux, is nine tenths of the ways and means of our business." + +To talk, to make people listen to you,--that is seduction in itself. +A nation that has two Chambers, a woman who lends both ears, are soon +lost. Eve and her serpent are the everlasting myth of an hourly fact +which began, and may end, with the world itself. + +"A conversation of two hours ought to capture your man," said a retired +lawyer. + +Let us walk round the commercial traveller, and look at him well. Don't +forget his overcoat, olive green, nor his cloak with its morocco collar, +nor the striped blue cotton shirt. In this queer figure--so original +that we cannot rub it out--how many divers personalities we come across! +In the first place, what an acrobat, what a circus, what a battery, +all in one, is the man himself, his vocation, and his tongue! Intrepid +mariner, he plunges in, armed with a few phrases, to catch five or six +thousand francs in the frozen seas, in the domain of the red Indians +who inhabit the interior of France. The provincial fish will not rise +to harpoons and torches; it can only be taken with seines and nets and +gentlest persuasions. The traveller's business is to extract the gold +in country caches by a purely intellectual operation, and to extract +it pleasantly and without pain. Can you think without a shudder of the +flood of phrases which, day by day, renewed each dawn, leaps in cascades +the length and breadth of sunny France? + +You know the species; let us now take a look at the individual. + +There lives in Paris an incomparable commercial traveller, the +paragon of his race, a man who possesses in the highest degree all the +qualifications necessary to the nature of his success. His speech is +vitriol and likewise glue,--glue to catch and entangle his victim and +make him sticky and easy to grip; vitriol to dissolve hard heads, close +fists, and closer calculations. His line was once the _hat_; but his +talents and the art with which he snared the wariest provincial had +brought him such commercial celebrity that all vendors of the "article +Paris"[*] paid court to him, and humbly begged that he would deign to +take their commissions. + + [*] "Article Paris" means anything--especially articles of + wearing apparel--which originates or is made in Paris. + The name is supposed to give to the thing a special value in + the provinces. + + +Thus, when he returned to Paris in the intervals of his triumphant +progress through France, he lived a life of perpetual festivity in +the shape of weddings and suppers. When he was in the provinces, the +correspondents in the smaller towns made much of him; in Paris, the +great houses feted and caressed him. Welcomed, flattered, and fed +wherever he went, it came to pass that to breakfast or to dine alone was +a novelty, an event. He lived the life of a sovereign, or, better still, +of a journalist; in fact, he was the perambulating "feuilleton" of +Parisian commerce. + +His name was Gaudissart; and his renown, his vogue, the flatteries +showered upon him, were such as to win for him the surname of +Illustrious. Wherever the fellow went,--behind a counter or before a +bar, into a salon or to the top of a stage-coach, up to a garret or to +dine with a banker,--every one said, the moment they saw him, "Ah! here +comes the illustrious Gaudissart!"[*] No name was ever so in keeping +with the style, the manners, the countenance, the voice, the language, +of any man. All things smiled upon our traveller, and the traveller +smiled back in return. "Similia similibus,"--he believed in homoeopathy. +Puns, horse-laugh, monkish face, skin of a friar, true Rabelaisian +exterior, clothing, body, mind, and features, all pulled together to put +a devil-may-care jollity into every inch of his person. Free-handed and +easy-going, he might be recognized at once as the favorite of grisettes, +the man who jumps lightly to the top of a stage-coach, gives a hand to +the timid lady who fears to step down, jokes with the postillion about +his neckerchief and contrives to sell him a cap, smiles at the maid and +catches her round the waist or by the heart; gurgles at dinner like a +bottle of wine and pretends to draw the cork by sounding a filip on his +distended cheek; plays a tune with his knife on the champagne glasses +without breaking them, and says to the company, "Let me see you do +_that_"; chaffs the timid traveller, contradicts the knowing one, lords +it over a dinner-table and manages to get the titbits for himself. A +strong fellow, nevertheless, he can throw aside all this nonsense and +mean business when he flings away the stump of his cigar and says, with +a glance at some town, "I'll go and see what those people have got in +their stomachs." + + [*] "Se gaudir," to enjoy, to make fun. "Gaudriole," gay + discourse, rather free.--Littre. + +When buckled down to his work he became the slyest and cleverest of +diplomats. All things to all men, he knew how to accost a banker like a +capitalist, a magistrate like a functionary, a royalist with pious and +monarchical sentiments, a bourgeois as one of themselves. In short, +wherever he was he was just what he ought to be; he left Gaudissart at +the door when he went in, and picked him up when he came out. + +Until 1830 the illustrious Gaudissart was faithful to the article Paris. +In his close relation to the caprices of humanity, the varied paths of +commerce had enabled him to observe the windings of the heart of man. He +had learned the secret of persuasive eloquence, the knack of loosening +the tightest purse-strings, the art of rousing desire in the souls of +husbands, wives, children, and servants; and what is more, he knew +how to satisfy it. No one had greater faculty than he for inveigling +a merchant by the charms of a bargain, and disappearing at the instant +when desire had reached its crisis. Full of gratitude to the hat-making +trade, he always declared that it was his efforts in behalf of the +exterior of the human head which had enabled him to understand its +interior: he had capped and crowned so many people, he was always +flinging himself at their heads, etc. His jokes about hats and heads +were irrepressible, though perhaps not dazzling. + +Nevertheless, after August and October, 1830, he abandoned the hat +trade and the article Paris, and tore himself from things mechanical and +visible to mount into the higher spheres of Parisian speculation. "He +forsook," to use his own words, "matter for mind; manufactured products +for the infinitely purer elaborations of human intelligence." This +requires some explanation. + +The general upset of 1830 brought to birth, as everybody knows, a number +of old ideas which clever speculators tried to pass off in new bodies. +After 1830 ideas became property. A writer, too wise to publish +his writings, once remarked that "more ideas are stolen than +pocket-handkerchiefs." Perhaps in course of time we may have an Exchange +for thought; in fact, even now ideas, good or bad, have their consols, +are bought up, imported, exported, sold, and quoted like stocks. If +ideas are not on hand ready for sale, speculators try to pass off words +in their stead, and actually live upon them as a bird lives on the seeds +of his millet. Pray do not laugh; a word is worth quite as much as an +idea in a land where the ticket on a sack is of more importance than the +contents. Have we not seen libraries working off the word "picturesque" +when literature would have cut the throat of the word "fantastic"? +Fiscal genius has guessed the proper tax on intellect; it has accurately +estimated the profits of advertising; it has registered a prospectus of +the quantity and exact value of the property, weighing its thought at +the intellectual Stamp Office in the Rue de la Paix. + +Having become an article of commerce, intellect and all its products +must naturally obey the laws which bind other manufacturing interests. +Thus it often happens that ideas, conceived in their cups by certain +apparently idle Parisians,--who nevertheless fight many a moral battle +over their champagne and their pheasants,--are handed down at their +birth from the brain to the commercial travellers who are employed to +spread them discreetly, "urbi et orbi," through Paris and the provinces, +seasoned with the fried pork of advertisement and prospectus, by means +of which they catch in their rat-trap the departmental rodent commonly +called subscriber, sometimes stockholder, occasionally corresponding +member or patron, but invariably fool. + +"I am a fool!" many a poor country proprietor has said when, caught by +the prospect of being the first to launch a new idea, he finds that he +has, in point of fact, launched his thousand or twelve hundred francs +into a gulf. + +"Subscribers are fools who never can be brought to understand that to +go ahead in the intellectual world they must start with more money than +they need for the tour of Europe," say the speculators. + +Consequently there is endless warfare between the recalcitrant public +which refuses to pay the Parisian imposts and the tax-gatherer who, +living by his receipt of custom, lards the public with new ideas, turns +it on the spit of lively projects, roasts it with prospectuses (basting +all the while with flattery), and finally gobbles it up with some +toothsome sauce in which it is caught and intoxicated like a fly with +a black-lead. Moreover, since 1830 what honors and emoluments have been +scattered throughout France to stimulate the zeal and self-love of the +"progressive and intelligent masses"! Titles, medals, diplomas, a sort +of legion of honor invented for the army of martyrs, have followed each +other with marvellous rapidity. Speculators in the manufactured products +of the intellect have developed a spice, a ginger, all their own. From +this have come premiums, forestalled dividends, and that conscription +of noted names which is levied without the knowledge of the unfortunate +writers who bear them, and who thus find themselves actual co-operators +in more enterprises than there are days in the year; for the law, we may +remark, takes no account of the theft of a patronymic. Worse than all +is the rape of ideas which these caterers for the public mind, like the +slave-merchants of Asia, tear from the paternal brain before they are +well matured, and drag half-clothed before the eyes of their blockhead +of a sultan, their Shahabaham, their terrible public, which, if they +don't amuse it, will cut off their heads by curtailing the ingots and +emptying their pockets. + +This madness of our epoch reacted upon the illustrious Gaudissart, and +here follows the history of how it happened. A life-insurance company +having been told of his irresistible eloquence offered him an unheard-of +commission, which he graciously accepted. The bargain concluded and +the treaty signed, our traveller was put in training, or we might say +weaned, by the secretary-general of the enterprise, who freed his mind +of its swaddling-clothes, showed him the dark holes of the business, +taught him its dialect, took the mechanism apart bit by bit, dissected +for his instruction the particular public he was expected to gull, +crammed him with phrases, fed him with impromptu replies, provisioned +him with unanswerable arguments, and, so to speak, sharpened the file of +the tongue which was about to operate upon the life of France. + +The puppet amply rewarded the pains bestowed upon him. The heads of the +company boasted of the illustrious Gaudissart, showed him such attention +and proclaimed the great talents of this perambulating prospectus so +loudly in the sphere of exalted banking and commercial diplomacy, that +the financial managers of two newspapers (celebrated at that time +but since defunct) were seized with the idea of employing him to get +subscribers. The proprietors of the "Globe," an organ of Saint-Simonism, +and the "Movement," a republican journal, each invited the illustrious +Gaudissart to a conference, and proposed to give him ten francs a head +for every subscriber, provided he brought in a thousand, but only five +francs if he got no more than five hundred. The cause of political +journalism not interfering with the pre-accepted cause of life +insurance, the bargain was struck; although Gaudissart demanded an +indemnity from the Saint-Simonians for the eight days he was forced +to spend in studying the doctrines of their apostle, asserting that a +prodigious effort of memory and intellect was necessary to get to +the bottom of that "article" and to reason upon it suitably. He asked +nothing, however, from the republicans. In the first place, he inclined +in republican ideas,--the only ones, according to guadissardian +philosophy, which could bring about a rational equality. Besides which +he had already dipped into the conspiracies of the French "carbonari"; +he had been arrested, and released for want of proof; and finally, as +he called the newspaper proprietors to observe, he had lately grown a +mustache, and needed only a hat of certain shape and a pair of spurs to +represent, with due propriety, the Republic. + + + + +CHAPTER II + +For one whole week this commanding genius went every morning to be +Saint-Simonized at the office of the "Globe," and every afternoon he +betook himself to the life-insurance company, where he learned the +intricacies of financial diplomacy. His aptitude and his memory were +prodigious; so that he was able to start on his peregrinations by the +15th of April, the date at which he usually opened the spring campaign. +Two large commercial houses, alarmed at the decline of business, +implored the ambitious Gaudissart not to desert the article Paris, and +seduced him, it was said, with large offers, to take their commissions +once more. The king of travellers was amenable to the claims of his old +friends, enforced as they were by the enormous premiums offered to him. + + * * * * * + +"Listen, my little Jenny," he said in a hackney-coach to a pretty +florist. + +All truly great men delight in allowing themselves to be tyrannized over +by a feeble being, and Gaudissart had found his tyrant in Jenny. He was +bringing her home at eleven o'clock from the Gymnase, whither he had +taken her, in full dress, to a proscenium box on the first tier. + +"On my return, Jenny, I shall refurnish your room in superior style. +That big Matilda, who pesters you with comparisons and her real India +shawls imported by the suite of the Russian ambassador, and her +silver plate and her Russian prince,--who to my mind is nothing but a +humbug,--won't have a word to say _then_. I consecrate to the adornment +of your room all the 'Children' I shall get in the provinces." + +"Well, that's a pretty thing to say!" cried the florist. "Monster of +a man! Do you dare to talk to me of your children? Do you suppose I am +going to stand that sort of thing?" + +"Oh, what a goose you are, my Jenny! That's only a figure of speech in +our business." + +"A fine business, then!" + +"Well, but listen; if you talk all the time you'll always be in the +right." + +"I mean to be. Upon my word, you take things easy!" + +"You don't let me finish. I have taken under my protection a superlative +idea,--a journal, a newspaper, written for children. In our profession, +when travellers have caught, let us suppose, ten subscribers to the +'Children's Journal,' they say, 'I've got ten Children,' just as I say +when I get ten subscriptions to a newspaper called the 'Movement,' 'I've +got ten Movements.' Now don't you see?" + +"That's all right. Are you going into politics? If you do you'll get +into Saint-Pelagie, and I shall have to trot down there after you. Oh! +if one only knew what one puts one's foot into when we love a man, on +my word of honor we would let you alone to take care of yourselves, +you men! However, if you are going away to-morrow we won't talk of +disagreeable things,--that would be silly." + +The coach stopped before a pretty house, newly built in the Rue +d'Artois, where Gaudissart and Jenny climbed to the fourth story. This +was the abode of Mademoiselle Jenny Courand, commonly reported to be +privately married to the illustrious Gaudissart, a rumor which that +individual did not deny. To maintain her supremacy, Jenny kept him +to the performance of innumerable small attentions, and threatened +continually to turn him off if he omitted the least of them. She now +ordered him to write to her from every town, and render a minute account +of all his proceedings. + +"How many 'Children' will it take to furnish my chamber?" she asked, +throwing off her shawl and sitting down by a good fire. + +"I get five sous for each subscriber." + +"Delightful! And is it with five sous that you expect to make me rich? +Perhaps you are like the Wandering Jew with your pockets full of money." + +"But, Jenny, I shall get a thousand 'Children.' Just reflect that +children have never had a newspaper to themselves before. But what a +fool I am to try to explain matters to you,--you can't understand such +things." + +"Can't I? Then tell me,--tell me, Gaudissart, if I'm such a goose why do +you love me?" + +"Just because you are a goose,--a sublime goose! Listen, Jenny. +See here, I am going to undertake the 'Globe,' the 'Movement,' the +'Children,' the insurance business, and some of my old articles Paris; +instead of earning a miserable eight thousand a year, I'll bring back +twenty thousand at least from each trip." + +"Unlace me, Gaudissart, and do it right; don't tighten me." + +"Yes, truly," said the traveller, complacently; "I shall become a +shareholder in the newspapers, like Finot, one of my friends, the son +of a hatter, who now has thirty thousand francs income, and is going +to make himself a peer of France. When one thinks of that little +Popinot,--ah, mon Dieu! I forgot to tell you that Monsieur Popinot was +named minister of commerce yesterday. Why shouldn't I be ambitious too? +Ha! ha! I could easily pick up the jargon of those fellows who talk in +the chamber, and bluster with the rest of them. Now, listen to me:-- + +"Gentlemen," he said, standing behind a chair, "the Press is neither +a tool nor an article of barter: it is, viewed under its political +aspects, an institution. We are bound, in virtue of our position as +legislators, to consider all things politically, and therefore" (here he +stopped to get breath)--"and therefore we must examine the Press and ask +ourselves if it is useful or noxious, if it should be encouraged or put +down, taxed or free. These are serious questions. I feel that I do +not waste the time, always precious, of this Chamber by examining this +article--the Press--and explaining to you its qualities. We are on the +verge of an abyss. Undoubtedly the laws have not the nap which they +ought to have--Hein?" he said, looking at Jenny. "All orators put France +on the verge of an abyss. They either say that or they talk about the +chariot of state, or convulsions, or political horizons. Don't I know +their dodges? I'm up to all the tricks of all the trades. Do you know +why? Because I was born with a caul; my mother has got it, but I'll give +it to you. You'll see! I shall soon be in the government." + +"You!" + +"Why shouldn't I be the Baron Gaudissart, peer of France? Haven't they +twice elected Monsieur Popinot as deputy from the fourth arrondissement? +He dines with Louis Phillippe. There's Finot; he is going to be, they +say, a member of the Council. Suppose they send me as ambassador to +London? I tell you I'd nonplus those English! No man ever got the better +of Gaudissart, the illustrious Gaudissart, and nobody ever will. Yes, I +say it! no one ever outwitted me, and no one can--in any walk of life, +politics or impolitics, here or elsewhere. But, for the time being, +I must give myself wholly to the capitalists; to the 'Globe,' the +'Movement,' the 'Children,' and my article Paris." + +"You will be brought up with a round turn, you and your newspapers. I'll +bet you won't get further than Poitiers before the police will nab you." + +"What will you bet?" + +"A shawl." + +"Done! If I lose that shawl I'll go back to the article Paris and +the hat business. But as for getting the better of Gaudissart--never! +never!" + +And the illustrious traveller threw himself into position before +Jenny, looked at her proudly, one hand in his waistcoat, his head at +three-quarter profile,--an attitude truly Napoleonic. + +"Oh, how funny you are! what have you been eating to-night?" + +Gaudissart was thirty-eight years of age, of medium height, stout and +fat like men who roll about continually in stage-coaches, with a face as +round as a pumpkin, ruddy cheeks, and regular features of the type which +sculptors of all lands adopt as a model for statues of Abundance, Law, +Force, Commerce, and the like. His protuberant stomach swelled forth in +the shape of a pear; his legs were small, but active and vigorous. He +caught Jenny up in his arms like a baby and kissed her. + +"Hold your tongue, young woman!" he said. "What do you know about +Saint-Simonism, antagonism, Fourierism, criticism, heroic enterprise, +or woman's freedom? I'll tell you what they are,--ten francs for each +subscription, Madame Gaudissart." + +"On my word of honor, you are going crazy, Gaudissart." + +"More and more crazy about _you_," he replied, flinging his hat upon the +sofa. + +The next morning Gaudissart, having breakfasted gloriously with Jenny, +departed on horseback to work up the chief towns of the district to +which he was assigned by the various enterprises in whose interests he +was now about to exercise his great talents. After spending forty-five +days in beating up the country between Paris and Blois, he remained two +weeks at the latter place to write up his correspondence and make short +visits to the various market towns of the department. The night before +he left Blois for Tours he indited a letter to Mademoiselle Jenny +Courand. As the conciseness and charm of this epistle cannot be equalled +by any narration of ours, and as, moreover, it proves the legitimacy of +the tie which united these two individuals, we produce it here:-- + + "My dear Jenny,--You will lose your wager. Like Napoleon, + Gaudissart the illustrious has his star, but _not_ his Waterloo. I + triumph everywhere. Life insurance has done well. Between Paris + and Blois I lodged two millions. But as I get to the centre of + France heads become infinitely harder and millions correspondingly + scarce. The article Paris keeps up its own little jog-trot. It is + a ring on the finger. With all my well-known cunning I spit these + shop-keepers like larks. I got off one hundred and sixty-two + Ternaux shawls at Orleans. I am sure I don't know what they will + do with them, unless they return them to the backs of the sheep. + + "As to the article journal--the devil! that's a horse of another + color. Holy saints! how one has to warble before you can teach + these bumpkins a new tune. I have only made sixty-two 'Movements': + exactly a hundred less for the whole trip than the shawls in one + town. Those republican rogues! they won't subscribe. They talk, + they talk; they share your opinions, and presently you are all + agreed that every existing thing must be overturned. You feel sure + your man is going to subscribe. Not a bit of it! If he owns three + feet of ground, enough to grow ten cabbages, or a few trees to + slice into toothpicks, the fellow begins to talk of consolidated + property, taxes, revenues, indemnities,--a whole lot of stuff, and + I have wasted my time and breath on patriotism. It's a bad + business! Candidly, the 'Movement' does not move. I have written + to the directors and told them so. I am sorry for it--on account + of my political opinions. + + "As for the 'Globe,' that's another breed altogether. Just set to + work and talk new doctrines to people you fancy are fools enough + to believe such lies,--why, they think you want to burn their + houses down! It is vain for me to tell them that I speak for + futurity, for posterity, for self-interest properly understood; + for enterprise where nothing can be lost; that man has preyed upon + man long enough; that woman is a slave; that the great + providential thought should be made to triumph; that a way must be + found to arrive at a rational co-ordination of the social fabric, + --in short, the whole reverberation of my sentences. Well, what do + you think? when I open upon them with such ideas these provincials + lock their cupboards as if I wanted to steal their spoons and beg + me to go away! Are not they fools? geese? The 'Globe' is smashed. + I said to the proprietors, 'You are too advanced, you go ahead too + fast: you ought to get a few results; the provinces like results.' + However, I have made a hundred 'Globes,' and I must say, + considering the thick-headedness of these clodhoppers, it is a + miracle. But to do it I had to make them such a lot of promises + that I am sure I don't know how the globites, globists, globules, + or whatever they call themselves, will ever get out of them. But + they always tell me they can make the world a great deal better + than it is, so I go ahead and prophesy to the value of ten francs + for each subscription. There was one farmer who thought the paper + was agricultural because of its name. I Globed _him_. Bah! he gave + in at once; he had a projecting forehead; all men with projecting + foreheads are ideologists. + + "But the 'Children'; oh! ah! as to the 'Children'! I got two + thousand between Paris and Blois. Jolly business! but there is not + much to say. You just show a little vignette to the mother, + pretending to hide it from the child: naturally the child wants to + see, and pulls mamma's gown and cries for its newspaper, because + 'Papa has _dot_ his.' Mamma can't let her brat tear the gown; the + gown costs thirty francs, the subscription six--economy; result, + subscription. It is an excellent thing, meets an actual want; it + holds a place between dolls and sugar-plums, the two eternal + necessities of childhood. + + "I have had a quarrel here at the table d'hote about the + newspapers and my opinions. I was unsuspiciously eating my dinner + next to a man with a gray hat who was reading the 'Debats.' I said + to myself, 'Now for my rostrum eloquence. He is tied to the + dynasty; I'll cook him; this triumph will be capital practice for + my ministerial talents.' So I went to work and praised his + 'Debats.' Hein! if I didn't lead him along! Thread by thread, I + began to net my man. I launched my four-horse phrases, and the + F-sharp arguments, and all the rest of the cursed stuff. Everybody + listened; and I saw a man who had July as plain as day on his + mustache, just ready to nibble at a 'Movement.' Well, I don't know + how it was, but I unluckily let fall the word 'blockhead.' + Thunder! you should have seen my gray hat, my dynastic hat + (shocking bad hat, anyhow), who got the bit in his teeth and was + furiously angry. I put on my grand air--you know--and said to him: + 'Ah, ca! Monsieur, you are remarkably aggressive; if you are not + content, I am ready to give you satisfaction; I fought in July.' + 'Though the father of a family,' he replied, 'I am ready--' + 'Father of a family!' I exclaimed; 'my dear sir, have you any + children?' 'Yes.' 'Twelve years old?' 'Just about.' 'Well, then, + the "Children's Journal" is the very thing for you; six francs a + year, one number a month, double columns, edited by great literary + lights, well got up, good paper, engravings from charming sketches + by our best artists, actual colored drawings of the Indies--will + not fade.' I fired my broadside 'feelings of a father, etc., + etc.,'--in short, a subscription instead of a quarrel. 'There's + nobody but Gaudissart who can get out of things like that,' said + that little cricket Lamard to the big Bulot at the cafe, when he + told him the story. + + "I leave to-morrow for Amboise. I shall do up Amboise in two days, + and I will write next from Tours, where I shall measure swords + with the inhabitants of that colorless region; colorless, I mean, + from the intellectual and speculative point of view. But, on the + word of a Gaudissart, they shall be toppled over, toppled down + --floored, I say. + + "Adieu, my kitten. Love me always; be faithful; fidelity through + thick and thin is one of the attributes of the Free Woman. Who is + kissing you on the eyelids? + + "Thy Felix Forever." + + + + +CHAPTER III + +Five days later Gaudissart started from the Hotel des Faisans, at +which he had put up in Tours, and went to Vouvray, a rich and populous +district where the public mind seemed to him susceptible of cultivation. +Mounted upon his horse, he trotted along the embankment thinking no more +of his phrases than an actor thinks of his part which he has played for +a hundred times. It was thus that the illustrious Gaudissart went his +cheerful way, admiring the landscape, and little dreaming that in the +happy valleys of Vouvray his commercial infallibility was about to +perish. + +Here a few remarks upon the public mind of Touraine are essential to our +story. The subtle, satirical, epigrammatic tale-telling spirit stamped +on every page of Rabelais is the faithful expression of the Tourangian +mind,--a mind polished and refined as it should be in a land where +the kings of France long held their court; ardent, artistic, poetic, +voluptuous, yet whose first impulses subside quickly. The softness of +the atmosphere, the beauty of the climate, a certain ease of life and +joviality of manners, smother before long the sentiment of art, narrow +the widest heart, and enervate the strongest will. Transplant the +Tourangian, and his fine qualities develop and lead to great results, as +we may see in many spheres of action: look at Rabelais and Semblancay, +Plantin the printer and Descartes, Boucicault, the Napoleon of his day, +and Pinaigrier, who painted most of the colored glass in our cathedrals; +also Verville and Courier. But the Tourangian, distinguished though he +may be in other regions, sits in his own home like an Indian on his mat +or a Turk on his divan. He employs his wit in laughing at his neighbor +and in making merry all his days; and when at last he reaches the end +of his life, he is still a happy man. Touraine is like the Abbaye of +Theleme, so vaunted in the history of Gargantua. There we may find the +complying sisterhoods of that famous tale, and there the good cheer +celebrated by Rabelais reigns in glory. + +As to the do-nothingness of that blessed land it is sublime and well +expressed in a certain popular legend: "Tourangian, are you hungry, +do you want some soup?" "Yes." "Bring your porringer." "Then I am not +hungry." Is it to the joys of the vineyard and the harmonious loveliness +of this garden land of France, is it to the peace and tranquillity of a +region where the step of an invader has never trodden, that we owe +the soft compliance of these unconstrained and easy manners? To such +questions no answer. Enter this Turkey of sunny France, and you will +stay there,--lazy, idle, happy. You may be as ambitious as Napoleon, as +poetic as Lord Byron, and yet a power unknown, invisible, will compel +you to bury your poetry within your soul and turn your projects into +dreams. + +The illustrious Gaudissart was fated to encounter here in Vouvray one of +those indigenous jesters whose jests are not intolerable solely because +they have reached the perfection of the mocking art. Right or wrong, the +Tourangians are fond of inheriting from their parents. Consequently the +doctrines of Saint-Simon were especially hated and villified among them. +In Touraine hatred and villification take the form of superb disdain +and witty maliciousness worthy of the land of good stories and practical +jokes,--a spirit which, alas! is yielding, day by day, to that other +spirit which Lord Byron has characterized as "English cant." + +For his sins, after getting down at the Soleil d'Or, an inn kept by a +former grenadier of the imperial guard named Mitouflet, married to a +rich widow, the illustrious traveller, after a brief consultation +with the landlord, betook himself to the knave of Vouvray, the jovial +merry-maker, the comic man of the neighborhood, compelled by fame and +nature to supply the town with merriment. This country Figaro was once +a dyer, and now possessed about seven or eight thousand francs a year, +a pretty house on the slope of the hill, a plump little wife, and robust +health. For ten years he had had nothing to do but take care of his wife +and his garden, marry his daughter, play whist in the evenings, keep the +run of all the gossip in the neighborhood, meddle with the elections, +squabble with the large proprietors, and order good dinners; or else +trot along the embankment to find out what was going on in Tours, +torment the cure, and finally, by way of dramatic entertainment, assist +at the sale of lands in the neighborhood of his vineyards. In short, he +led the true Tourangian life,--the life of a little country-townsman. He +was, moreover, an important member of the bourgeoisie,--a leader among +the small proprietors, all of them envious, jealous, delighted to catch +up and retail gossip and calumnies against the aristocracy; dragging +things down to their own level; and at war with all kinds of +superiority, which they deposited with the fine composure of ignorance. +Monsieur Vernier--such was the name of this great little man--was just +finishing his breakfast, with his wife and daughter on either side of +him, when Gaudissart entered the room through a window that looked out +on the Loire and the Cher, and lighted one of the gayest dining-rooms of +that gay land. + +"Is this Monsieur Vernier himself?" said the traveller, bending his +vertebral column with such grace that it seemed to be elastic. + +"Yes, Monsieur," said the mischievous ex-dyer, with a scrutinizing look +which took in the style of man he had to deal with. + +"I come, Monsieur," resumed Gaudissart, "to solicit the aid of your +knowledge and insight to guide my efforts in this district, where +Mitouflet tells me you have the greatest influence. Monsieur, I am sent +into the provinces on an enterprise of the utmost importance, undertaken +by bankers who--" + +"Who mean to win our tricks," said Vernier, long used to the ways of +commercial travellers and to their periodical visits. + +"Precisely," replied Gaudissart, with native impudence. "But with your +fine tact, Monsieur, you must be aware that we can't win tricks from +people unless it is their interest to play at cards. I beg you not to +confound me with the vulgar herd of travellers who succeed by humbug +or importunity. I am no longer a commercial traveller. I was one, and I +glory in it; but to-day my mission is of higher importance, and should +place me, in the minds of superior people, among those who devote +themselves to the enlightenment of their country. The most distinguished +bankers in Paris take part in this affair; not fictitiously, as in some +shameful speculations which I call rat-traps. No, no, nothing of +the kind! I should never condescend--never!--to hawk about such +_catch-fools_. No, Monsieur; the most respectable houses in Paris are +concerned in this enterprise; and their interests guarantee--" + +Hereupon Gaudissart drew forth his whole string of phrases, and Monsieur +Vernier let him go the length of his tether, listening with apparent +interest which completely deceived him. But after the word "guarantee" +Vernier paid no further attention to our traveller's rhetoric, and +turned over in his mind how to play him some malicious trick and deliver +a land, justly considered half-savage by speculators unable to get a +bite of it, from the inroads of these Parisian caterpillars. + +At the head of an enchanting valley, called the Valley Coquette because +of its windings and the curves which return upon each other at every +step, and seem more and more lovely as we advance, whether we ascend or +descend them, there lived, in a little house surrounded by vineyards, a +half-insane man named Margaritis. He was of Italian origin, married, +but childless; and his wife took care of him with a courage fully +appreciated by the neighborhood. Madame Margaritis was undoubtedly in +real danger from a man who, among other fancies, persisted in carrying +about with him two long-bladed knives with which he sometimes threatened +her. Who has not seen the wonderful self-devotion shown by provincials +who consecrate their lives to the care of sufferers, possibly because +of the disgrace heaped upon a bourgeoise if she allows her husband or +children to be taken to a public hospital? Moreover, who does not know +the repugnance which these people feel to the payment of the two or +three thousand francs required at Charenton or in the private lunatic +asylums? If any one had spoken to Madame Margaritis of Doctors +Dubuisson, Esquirol, Blanche, and others, she would have preferred, with +noble indignation, to keep her thousands and take care of the "good-man" +at home. + +As the incomprehensible whims of this lunatic are connected with the +current of our story, we are compelled to exhibit the most striking +of them. Margaritis went out as soon as it rained, and walked about +bare-headed in his vineyard. At home he made incessant inquiries for +newspapers; to satisfy him his wife and the maid-servant used to give +him an old journal called the "Indre-et-Loire," and for seven years he +had never yet perceived that he was reading the same number over and +over again. Perhaps a doctor would have observed with interest the +connection that evidently existed between the recurring and spasmodic +demands for the newspaper and the atmospheric variations of the weather. + +Usually when his wife had company, which happened nearly every evening, +for the neighbors, pitying her situation, would frequently come to play +at boston in her salon, Margaritis remained silent in a corner and never +stirred. But the moment ten o'clock began to strike on a clock which he +kept shut up in a large oblong closet, he rose at the stroke with the +mechanical precision of the figures which are made to move by springs in +the German toys. He would then advance slowly towards the players, give +them a glance like the automatic gaze of the Greeks and Turks exhibited +on the Boulevard du Temple, and say sternly, "Go away!" There were days +when he had lucid intervals and could give his wife excellent advice +as to the sale of their wines; but at such times he became extremely +annoying, and would ransack her closets and steal her delicacies, which +he devoured in secret. Occasionally, when the usual visitors made their +appearance he would treat them with civility; but as a general thing +his remarks and replies were incoherent. For instance, a lady once asked +him, "How do you feel to-day, Monsieur Margaritis?" "I have grown +a beard," he replied, "have you?" "Are you better?" asked another. +"Jerusalem! Jerusalem!" was the answer. But the greater part of the time +he gazed stolidly at his guests without uttering a word; and then his +wife would say, "The good-man does not hear anything to-day." + +On two or three occasions in the course of five years, and usually +about the time of the equinox, this remark had driven him to frenzy; he +flourished his knives and shouted, "That joke dishonors me!" + +As for his daily life, he ate, drank, and walked about like other men in +sound health; and so it happened that he was treated with about the same +respect and attention that we give to a heavy piece of furniture. Among +his many absurdities was one of which no man had as yet discovered the +object, although by long practice the wiseheads of the community had +learned to unravel the meaning of most of his vagaries. He insisted on +keeping a sack of flour and two puncheons of wine in the cellar of his +house, and he would allow no one to lay hands on them. But then the +month of June came round he grew uneasy with the restless anxiety of a +madman about the sale of the sack and the puncheons. Madame Margaritis +could nearly always persuade him that the wine had been sold at +an enormous price, which she paid over to him, and which he hid so +cautiously that neither his wife nor the servant who watched him had +ever been able to discover its hiding-place. + +The evening before Gaudissart reached Vouvray Madame Margaritis had had +more difficulty than usual in deceiving her husband, whose mind happened +to be uncommonly lucid. + +"I really don't know how I shall get through to-morrow," she had said to +Madame Vernier. "Would you believe it, the good-man insists on watching +his two casks of wine. He has worried me so this whole day, that I +had to show him two full puncheons. Our neighbor, Pierre Champlain, +fortunately had two which he had not sold. I asked him to kindly let me +have them rolled into our cellar; and oh, dear! now that the good-man +has seen them he insists on bottling them off himself!" + +Madame Vernier had related the poor woman's trouble to her husband just +before the entrance of Gaudissart, and at the first words of the famous +traveller Vernier determined that he should be made to grapple with +Margaritis. + +"Monsieur," said the ex-dyer, as soon as the illustrious Gaudissart +had fired his first broadside, "I will not hide from you the great +difficulties which my native place offers to your enterprise. This part +of the country goes along, as it were, in the rough,--'suo modo.' It is +a country where new ideas don't take hold. We live as our fathers lived, +we amuse ourselves with four meals a day, and we cultivate our vineyards +and sell our wines to the best advantage. Our business principle is to +sell things for more than they cost us; we shall stick in that rut, and +neither God nor the devil can get us out of it. I will, however, give +you some advice, and good advice is an egg in the hand. There is in +this town a retired banker in whose wisdom I have--I, particularly--the +greatest confidence. If you can obtain his support, I will add mine. If +your proposals have real merit, if we are convinced of the advantage of +your enterprise, the approval of Monsieur Margaritis (which carries with +it mine) will open to you at least twenty rich houses in Vouvray who +will be glad to try your specifics." + +When Madame Vernier heard the name of the lunatic she raised her head +and looked at her husband. + +"Ah, precisely; my wife intends to call on Madame Margaritis with one +of our neighbors. Wait a moment, and you can accompany these ladies--You +can pick up Madame Fontanieu on your way," said the wily dyer, winking +at his wife. + +To pick out the greatest gossip, the sharpest tongue, the most +inveterate cackler of the neighborhood! It meant that Madame Vernier +was to take a witness to the scene between the traveller and the lunatic +which should keep the town in laughter for a month. Monsieur and Madame +Vernier played their part so well that Gaudissart had no suspicions, and +straightway fell into the trap. He gallantly offered his arm to Madame +Vernier, and believed that he made, as they went along, the conquest +of both ladies, for those benefit he sparkled with wit and humor and +undetected puns. + +The house of the pretended banker stood at the entrance to the Valley +Coquette. The place, called La Fuye, had nothing remarkable about it. On +the ground floor was a large wainscoted salon, on either side of which +opened the bedroom of the good-man and that of his wife. The salon +was entered from an ante-chamber, which served as the dining-room and +communicated with the kitchen. This lower door, which was wholly without +the external charm usually seen even in the humblest dwellings in +Touraine, was covered by a mansard story, reached by a stairway built +on the outside of the house against the gable end and protected by +a shed-roof. A little garden, full of marigolds, syringas, and +elder-bushes, separated the house from the fields; and all around the +courtyard were detached buildings which were used in the vintage season +for the various processes of making wine. + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +Margaritis was seated in an arm-chair covered with yellow Utrecht +velvet, near the window of the salon, and he did not stir as the two +ladies entered with Gaudissart. His thoughts were running on the casks +of wine. He was a spare man, and his bald head, garnished with a few +spare locks at the back of it, was pear-shaped in conformation. +His sunken eyes, overtopped by heavy black brows and surrounded by +discolored circles, his nose, thin and sharp like the blade of a knife, +the strongly marked jawbone, the hollow cheeks, and the oblong tendency +of all these lines, together with his unnaturally long and flat chin, +contributed to give a peculiar expression to his countenance,--something +between that of a retired professor of rhetoric and a rag-picker. + +"Monsieur Margaritis," cried Madame Vernier, addressing him, "come, stir +about! Here is a gentleman whom my husband sends to you, and you must +listen to him with great attention. Put away your mathematics and talk +to him." + +On hearing these words the lunatic rose, looked at Gaudissart, made him +a sign to sit down, and said, "Let us converse, Monsieur." + +The two women went into Madame Margaritis' bedroom, leaving the +door open so as to hear the conversation, and interpose if it became +necessary. They were hardly installed before Monsieur Vernier crept +softly up through the field and, opening a window, got into the bedroom +without noise. + +"Monsieur has doubtless been in business--?" began Gaudissart. + +"Public business," answered Margaritis, interrupting him. "I pacificated +Calabria under the reign of King Murat." + +"Bless me! if he hasn't gone to Calabria!" whispered Monsieur Vernier. + +"In that case," said Gaudissart, "we shall quickly understand each +other." + +"I am listening," said Margaritis, striking the attitude taken by a man +when he poses to a portrait-painter. + +"Monsieur," said Gaudissart, who chanced to be turning his watch-key +with a rotatory and periodical click which caught the attention of the +lunatic and contributed no doubt to keep him quiet. "Monsieur, if you +were not a man of superior intelligence" (the fool bowed), "I should +content myself with merely laying before you the material advantages of +this enterprise, whose psychological aspects it would be a waste of time +to explain to you. Listen! Of all kinds of social wealth, is not +time the most precious? To economize time is, consequently, to become +wealthy. Now, is there anything that consumes so much time as those +anxieties which I call 'pot-boiling'?--a vulgar expression, but it puts +the whole question in a nutshell. For instance, what can eat up more +time than the inability to give proper security to persons from whom you +seek to borrow money when, poor at the moment, you are nevertheless rich +in hope?" + +"Money,--yes, that's right," said Margaritis. + +"Well, Monsieur, I am sent into the departments by a company of bankers +and capitalists, who have apprehended the enormous waste which +rising men of talent are thus making of time, and, consequently, +of intelligence and productive ability. We have seized the idea of +capitalizing for such men their future prospects, and cashing their +talents by discounting--what? _time_; securing the value of it to their +survivors. I may say that it is no longer a question of economizing +time, but of giving it a price, a quotation; of representing in a +pecuniary sense those products developed by time which presumably you +possess in the region of your intellect; of representing also the moral +qualities with which you are endowed, and which are, Monsieur, living +forces,--as living as a cataract, as a steam-engine of three, ten, +twenty, fifty horse-power. Ha! this is progress! the movement onward to +a better state of things; a movement born of the spirit of our epoch; a +movement essentially progressive, as I shall prove to you when we come +to consider the principles involved in the logical co-ordination of +the social fabric. I will now explain my meaning by literal examples, +leaving aside all purely abstract reasoning, which I call the +mathematics of thought. Instead of being, as you are, a proprietor +living upon your income, let us suppose that you are painter, a +musician, an artist, or a poet--" + +"I am a painter," said the lunatic. + +"Well, so be it. I see you take my metaphor. You are a painter; you have +a glorious future, a rich future before you. But I go still farther--" + +At these words the madman looked anxiously at Gaudissart, thinking he +meant to go away; but was reassured when he saw that he kept his seat. + +"You may even be nothing at all," said Gaudissart, going on with his +phrases, "but you are conscious of yourself; you feel yourself--" + +"I feel myself," said the lunatic. + +"--you feel yourself a great man; you say to yourself, 'I will be a +minister of state.' Well, then, you--painter, artist, man of letters, +statesman of the future--you reckon upon your talents, you estimate +their value, you rate them, let us say, at a hundred thousand crowns--" + +"Do you give me a hundred thousand crowns?" + +"Yes, Monsieur, as you will see. Either your heirs and assigns will +receive them if you die, for the company contemplates that event, or +you will receive them in the long run through your works of art, your +writings, or your fortunate speculations during your lifetime. But, as +I have already had the honor to tell you, when you have once fixed +upon the value of your intellectual capital,--for it is intellectual +capital,--seize that idea firmly,--intellectual--" + +"I understand," said the fool. + +"You sign a policy of insurance with a company which recognizes in you a +value of a hundred thousand crowns; in you, poet--" + +"I am a painter," said the lunatic. + +"Yes," resumed Gaudissart,--"painter, poet, musician, statesman--and +binds itself to pay them over to your family, your heirs, if, by reason +of your death, the hopes foundered on your intellectual capital should +be overthrown for you personally. The payment of the premium is all that +is required to protect--" + +"The money-box," said the lunatic, sharply interrupting him. + +"Ah! naturally; yes. I see that Monsieur understands business." + +"Yes," said the madman. "I established the Territorial Bank in the Rue +des Fosses-Montmartre at Paris in 1798." + +"For," resumed Gaudissart, going back to his premium, "in order to meet +the payments on the intellectual capital which each man recognizes and +esteems in himself, it is of course necessary that each should pay a +certain premium, three per cent; an annual due of three per cent. Thus, +by the payment of this trifling sum, a mere nothing, you protect your +family from disastrous results at your death--" + +"But I live," said the fool. + +"Ah! yes; you mean if you should live long? That is the usual +objection,--a vulgar prejudice. I fully agree that if we had +not foreseen and demolished it we might feel we were unworthy of +being--what? What are we, after all? Book-keepers in the great Bureau of +Intellect. Monsieur, I don't apply these remarks to you, but I meet on +all sides men who make it a business to teach new ideas and disclose +chains of reasoning to people who turn pale at the first word. On my +word of honor, it is pitiable! But that's the way of the world, and I +don't pretend to reform it. Your objection, Monsieur, is really sheer +nonsense." + +"Why?" asked the lunatic. + +"Why?--this is why: because, if you live and possess the qualities which +are estimated in your policy against the chances of death,--now, attend +to this--" + +"I am attending." + +"Well, then, you have succeeded in life; and you have succeeded because +of the said insurance. You doubled your chances of success by getting +rid of the anxieties you were dragging about with you in the shape of +wife and children who might otherwise be left destitute at your death. +If you attain this certainty, you have touched the value of your +intellectual capital, on which the cost of insurance is but a trifle,--a +mere trifle, a bagatelle." + +"That's a fine idea!" + +"Ah! is it not, Monsieur?" cried Gaudissart. "I call this enterprise the +exchequer of beneficence; a mutual insurance against poverty; or, if +you like it better, the discounting, the cashing, of talent. For talent, +Monsieur, is a bill of exchange which Nature gives to the man of genius, +and which often has a long time to run before it falls due." + +"That is usury!" cried Margaritis. + +"The devil! he's keen, the old fellow! I've made a mistake," thought +Gaudissart, "I must catch him with other chaff. I'll try humbug No. 1. +Not at all," he said aloud, "for you who--" + +"Will you take a glass of wine?" asked Margaritis. + +"With pleasure," replied Gaudissart. + +"Wife, give us a bottle of the wine that is in the puncheons. You are +here at the very head of Vouvray," he continued, with a gesture of the +hand, "the vineyard of Margaritis." + +The maid-servant brought glasses and a bottle of wine of the vintage of +1819. The good-man filled a glass with circumspection and offered it to +Gaudissart, who drank it up. + +"Ah, you are joking, Monsieur!" exclaimed the commercial traveller. +"Surely this is Madeira, true Madeira?" + +"So you think," said the fool. "The trouble with our Vouvray wine is +that it is neither a common wine, nor a wine that can be drunk with the +entremets. It is too generous, too strong. It is often sold in Paris +adulterated with brandy and called Madeira. The wine-merchants buy it +up, when our vintage has not been good enough for the Dutch and Belgian +markets, to mix it with wines grown in the neighborhood of Paris, and +call it Bordeaux. But what you are drinking just now, my good Monsieur, +is a wine for kings, the pure Head of Vouvray,--that's it's name. I +have two puncheons, only two puncheons of it left. People who like fine +wines, high-class wines, who furnish their table with qualities that +can't be bought in the regular trade,--and there are many persons in +Paris who have that vanity,--well, such people send direct to us for +this wine. Do you know any one who--?" + +"Let us go on with what we were saying," interposed Gaudissart. + +"We are going on," said the fool. "My wine is capital; you are capital, +capitalist, intellectual capital, capital wine,--all the same etymology, +don't you see? hein? Capital, 'caput,' head, Head of Vouvray, that's my +wine,--it's all one thing." + +"So that you have realized your intellectual capital through your wines? +Ah, I see!" said Gaudissart. + +"I have realized," said the lunatic. "Would you like to buy my +puncheons? you shall have them on good terms." + +"No, I was merely speaking," said the illustrious Gaudissart, "of the +results of insurance and the employment of intellectual capital. I will +resume my argument." + +The lunatic calmed down, and fell once more into position. + +"I remarked, Monsieur, that if you die the capital will be paid to your +family without discussion." + +"Without discussion?" + +"Yes, unless there were suicide." + +"That's quibbling." + +"No, Monsieur; you are aware that suicide is one of those acts which are +easy to prove--" + +"In France," said the fool; "but--" + +"But in other countries?" said Gaudissart. "Well, Monsieur, to cut +short discussion on this point, I will say, once for all, that death in +foreign countries or on the field of battle is outside of our--" + +"Then what are you insuring? Nothing at all!" cried Margaritis. "My +bank, my Territorial Bank, rested upon--" + +"Nothing at all?" exclaimed Gaudissart, interrupting the good-man. +"Nothing at all? What do you call sickness, and afflictions, and +poverty, and passions? Don't go off on exceptional points." + +"No, no! no points," said the lunatic. + +"Now, what's the result of all this?" cried Gaudissart. "To you, a +banker, I can sum up the profits in a few words. Listen. A man lives; +he has a future; he appears well; he lives, let us say, by his art; he +wants money; he tries to get it,--he fails. Civilization withholds cash +from this man whose thought could master civilization, and ought to +master it, and will master it some day with a brush, a chisel, with +words, ideas, theories, systems. Civilization is atrocious! It denies +bread to the men who give it luxury. It starves them on sneers and +curses, the beggarly rascal! My words may be strong, but I shall +not retract them. Well, this great but neglected man comes to us; we +recognize his greatness; we salute him with respect; we listen to him. +He says to us: 'Gentlemen, my life and talents are worth so much; on my +productions I will pay you such or such percentage.' Very good; what +do we do? Instantly, without reserve or hesitation, we admit him to the +great festivals of civilization as an honored guest--" + +"You need wine for that," interposed the madman. + +"--as an honored guest. He signs the insurance policy; he takes our bits +of paper,--scraps, rags, miserable rags!--which, nevertheless, have more +power in the world than his unaided genius. Then, if he wants money, +every one will lend it to him on those rags. At the Bourse, among +bankers, wherever he goes, even at the usurers, he will find money +because he can give security. Well, Monsieur, is not that a great gulf +to bridge over in our social system? But that is only one aspect of our +work. We insure debtors by another scheme of policies and premiums. We +offer annuities at rates graduated according to ages, on a sliding-scale +infinitely more advantageous than what are called tontines, which are +based on tables of mortality that are notoriously false. Our company +deals with large masses of men; consequently the annuitants are +secure from those distressing fears which sadden old age,--too sad +already!--fears which pursue those who receive annuities from private +sources. You see, Monsieur, that we have estimated life under all its +aspects." + +"Sucked it at both ends," said the lunatic. "Take another glass of wine. +You've earned it. You must line your inside with velvet if you are going +to pump at it like that every day. Monsieur, the wine of Vouvray, if +well kept, is downright velvet." + +"Now, what do you think of it all?" said Gaudissart, emptying his glass. + +"It is very fine, very new, very useful; but I like the discounts I get +at my Territorial Bank, Rue des Fosses-Montmartre." + +"You are quite right, Monsieur," answered Gaudissart; "but that sort of +thing is taken and retaken, made and remade, every day. You have also +hypothecating banks which lend upon landed property and redeem it on +a large scale. But that is a narrow idea compared to our system of +consolidating hopes,--consolidating hopes! coagulating, so to speak, +the aspirations born in every soul, and insuring the realization of +our dreams. It needed our epoch, Monsieur, the epoch of +transition--transition and progress--" + +"Yes, progress," muttered the lunatic, with his glass at his lips. "I +like progress. That is what I've told them many times--" + +"The 'Times'!" cried Gaudissart, who did not catch the whole sentence. +"The 'Times' is a bad newspaper. If you read that, I am sorry for you." + +"The newspaper!" cried Margaritis. "Of course! Wife! wife! where is the +newspaper?" he cried, going towards the next room. + +"If you are interested in newspapers," said Gaudissart, changing his +attack, "we are sure to understand each other." + +"Yes; but before we say anything about that, tell me what you think of +this wine." + +"Delicious!" + +"Then let us finish the bottle." The lunatic poured out a thimbleful +for himself and filled Gaudissart's glass. "Well, Monsieur, I have two +puncheons left of the same wine; if you find it good we can come to +terms." + +"Exactly," said Gaudissart. "The fathers of the Saint-Simonian faith +have authorized me to send them all the commodities I--But allow me to +tell you about their noble newspaper. You, who have understood the whole +question of insurance so thoroughly, and who are willing to assist my +work in this district--" + +"Yes," said Margaritis, "if--" + +"If I take your wine; I understand perfectly. Your wine is very good, +Monsieur; it puts the stomach in a glow." + +"They make champagne out of it; there is a man from Paris who comes here +and makes it in Tours." + +"I have no doubt of it, Monsieur. The 'Globe,' of which we were +speaking--" + +"Yes, I've gone over it," said Margaritis. + +"I was sure of it!" exclaimed Gaudissart. "Monsieur, you have a fine +frontal development; a pate--excuse the word--which our gentlemen call +'horse-head.' There's a horse element in the head of every great man. +Genius will make itself known; but sometimes it happens that great men, +in spite of their gifts, remain obscure. Such was very nearly the case +with Saint-Simon; also with Monsieur Vico,--a strong man just beginning +to shoot up; I am proud of Vico. Now, here we enter upon the new theory +and formula of humanity. Attention, if you please." + +"Attention!" said the fool, falling into position. + +"Man's spoliation of man--by which I mean bodies of men living upon the +labor of other men--ought to have ceased with the coming of Christ, I +say _Christ_, who was sent to proclaim the equality of man in the sight +of God. But what is the fact? Equality up to our day has been an 'ignus +fatuus,' a chimera. Saint-Simon has arisen as the complement of Christ; +as the modern exponent of the doctrine of equality, or rather of its +practice, for theory has served its time--" + +"Is he liberated?" asked the lunatic. + +"Like liberalism, it has had its day. There is a nobler future before +us: a new faith, free labor, free growth, free production, individual +progress, a social co-ordination in which each man shall receive the +full worth of his individual labor, in which no man shall be preyed upon +by other men who, without capacity of their own, compel _all_ to work +for the profit of _one_. From this comes the doctrine of--" + +"How about servants?" demanded the lunatic. + +"They will remain servants if they have no capacity beyond it." + +"Then what's the good of your doctrine?" + +"To judge of this doctrine, Monsieur, you must consider it from a higher +point of view: you must take a general survey of humanity. Here we come +to the theories of Ballance: do you know his Palingenesis?" + +"I am fond of them," said the fool, who thought he said "ices." + +"Good!" returned Gaudissart. "Well, then, if the palingenistic aspects +of the successive transformations of the spiritualized globe +have struck, stirred, roused you, then, my dear sir, the 'Globe' +newspaper,--noble name which proclaims its mission,--the 'Globe' is an +organ, a guide, who will explain to you with the coming of each day +the conditions under which this vast political and moral change will be +effected. The gentlemen who--" + +"Do they drink wine?" + +"Yes, Monsieur; their houses are kept up in the highest style; I may +say, in prophetic style. Superb salons, large receptions, the apex of +social life--" + +"Well," remarked the lunatic, "the workmen who pull things down want +wine as much as those who put things up." + +"True," said the illustrious Gaudissart, "and all the more, Monsieur, +when they pull down with one hand and build up with the other, like the +apostles of the 'Globe.'" + +"They want good wine; Head of Vouvray, two puncheons, three hundred +bottles, only one hundred francs,--a trifle." + +"How much is that a bottle?" said Gaudissart, calculating. "Let me see; +there's the freight and the duty,--it will come to about seven sous. +Why, it wouldn't be a bad thing: they give more for worse wines--(Good! +I've got him!" thought Gaudissart, "he wants to sell me wine which I +want; I'll master him)--Well, Monsieur," he continued, "those who argue +usually come to an agreement. Let us be frank with each other. You have +great influence in this district--" + +"I should think so!" said the madman; "I am the Head of Vouvray!" + +"Well, I see that you thoroughly comprehend the insurance of +intellectual capital--" + +"Thoroughly." + +"--and that you have measured the full importance of the 'Globe'--" + +"Twice; on foot." + +Gaudissart was listening to himself and not to the replies of his +hearer. + +"Therefore, in view of your circumstances and of your age, I quite +understand that you have no need of insurance for yourself; but, +Monsieur, you might induce others to insure, either because of their +inherent qualities which need development, or for the protection of +their families against a precarious future. Now, if you will subscribe +to the 'Globe,' and give me your personal assistance in this district +on behalf of insurance, especially life-annuity,--for the provinces are +much attached to annuities--Well, if you will do this, then we can come +to an understanding about the wine. Will you take the 'Globe'?" + +"I stand on the globe." + +"Will you advance its interests in this district?" + +"I advance." + +"And?" + +"And--" + +"And I--but you do subscribe, don't you, to the 'Globe'?" + +"The globe, good thing, for life," said the lunatic. + +"For life, Monsieur?--ah, I see! yes, you are right: it is full of +life, vigor, intellect, science,--absolutely crammed with science,--well +printed, clear type, well set up; what I call 'good nap.' None of your +botched stuff, cotton and wool, trumpery; flimsy rubbish that rips +if you look at it. It is deep; it states questions on which you can +meditate at your leisure; it is the very thing to make time pass +agreeably in the country." + +"That suits me," said the lunatic. + +"It only costs a trifle,--eighty francs." + +"That won't suit me," said the lunatic. + +"Monsieur!" cried Gaudissart, "of course you have got grandchildren? +There's the 'Children's Journal'; that only costs seven francs a year." + +"Very good; take my wine, and I will subscribe to the children. That +suits me very well: a fine idea! intellectual product, child. That's man +living upon man, hein?" + +"You've hit it, Monsieur," said Gaudissart. + +"I've hit it!" + +"You consent to push me in the district?" + +"In the district." + +"I have your approbation?" + +"You have it." + +"Well, then, Monsieur, I take your wine at a hundred francs--" + +"No, no! hundred and ten--" + +"Monsieur! A hundred and ten for the company, but a hundred to me. I +enable you to make a sale; you owe me a commission." + +"Charge 'em a hundred and twenty,"--"cent vingt" ("sans vin," without +wine). + +"Capital pun that!" + +"No, puncheons. About that wine--" + +"Better and better! why, you are a wit." + +"Yes, I'm that," said the fool. "Come out and see my vineyards." + +"Willingly, the wine is getting into my head," said the illustrious +Gaudissart, following Monsieur Margaritis, who marched him from row +to row and hillock to hillock among the vines. The three ladies and +Monsieur Vernier, left to themselves, went off into fits of laughter as +they watched the traveller and the lunatic discussing, gesticulating, +stopping short, resuming their walk, and talking vehemently. + +"I wish the good-man hadn't carried him off," said Vernier. + +Finally the pair returned, walking with the eager step of men who were +in haste to finish up a matter of business. + +"He has got the better of the Parisian, damn him!" cried Vernier. + +And so it was. To the huge delight of the lunatic our illustrious +Gaudissart sat down at a card-table and wrote an order for the delivery +of the two casks of wine. Margaritis, having carefully read it over, +counted out seven francs for his subscription to the "Children's +Journal" and gave them to the traveller. + +"Adieu until to-morrow, Monsieur," said Gaudissart, twisting his +watch-key. "I shall have the honor to call for you to-morrow. Meantime, +send the wine at once to Paris to the address I have given you, and the +price will be remitted immediately." + +Gaudissart, however, was a Norman, and he had no idea of making any +agreement which was not reciprocal. He therefore required his promised +supporter to sign a bond (which the lunatic carefully read over) to +deliver two puncheons of the wine called "Head of Vouvray," vineyard of +Margaritis. + +This done, the illustrious Gaudissart departed in high feather, humming, +as he skipped along,-- + + "The King of the South, + He burned his mouth," etc. + + + + +CHAPTER V + +The illustrious Gaudissart returned to the Soleil d'Or, where he +naturally conversed with the landlord while waiting for dinner. +Mitouflet was an old soldier, guilelessly crafty, like the peasantry of +the Loire; he never laughed at a jest, but took it with the gravity of +a man accustomed to the roar of cannon and to make his own jokes under +arms. + +"You have some very strong-minded people here," said Gaudissart, leaning +against the door-post and lighting his cigar at Mitouflet's pipe. + +"How do you mean?" asked Mitouflet. + +"I mean people who are rough-shod on political and financial ideas." + +"Whom have you seen? if I may ask without indiscretion," said the +landlord innocently, expectorating after the adroit and periodical +fashion of smokers. + +"A fine, energetic fellow named Margaritis." + +Mitouflet cast two glances in succession at his guest which were +expressive of chilling irony. + +"May be; the good-man knows a deal. He knows too much for other folks, +who can't always understand him." + +"I can believe it, for he thoroughly comprehends the abstruse principles +of finance." + +"Yes," said the innkeeper, "and for my part, I am sorry he is a +lunatic." + +"A lunatic! What do you mean?" + +"Well, crazy,--cracked, as people are when they are insane," answered +Mitouflet. "But he is not dangerous; his wife takes care of him. Have +you been arguing with him?" added the pitiless landlord; "that must have +been funny!" + +"Funny!" cried Gaudissart. "Funny! Then your Monsieur Vernier has been +making fun of me!" + +"Did he send you there?" + +"Yes." + +"Wife! wife! come here and listen. If Monsieur Vernier didn't take it +into his head to send this gentleman to talk to Margaritis!" + +"What in the world did you say to each other, my dear, good Monsieur?" +said the wife. "Why, he's crazy!" + +"He sold me two casks of wine." + +"Did you buy them?" + +"Yes." + +"But that is his delusion; he thinks he sells his wine, and he hasn't +any." + +"Ha!" snorted the traveller, "then I'll go straight to Monsieur Vernier +and thank him." + +And Gaudissart departed, boiling over with rage, to shake the ex-dyer, +whom he found in his salon, laughing with a company of friends to whom +he had already recounted the tale. + +"Monsieur," said the prince of travellers, darting a savage glance at +his enemy, "you are a scoundrel and a blackguard; and under pain +of being thought a turn-key,--a species of being far below a +galley-slave,--you will give me satisfaction for the insult you dared +to offer me in sending me to a man whom you knew to be a lunatic! Do you +hear me, Monsieur Vernier, dyer?" + +Such was the harangue which Gaudissart prepared as he went along, as a +tragedian makes ready for his entrance on the scene. + +"What!" cried Vernier, delighted at the presence of an audience, "do +you think we have no right to make fun of a man who comes here, bag and +baggage, and demands that we hand over our property because, forsooth, +he is pleased to call us great men, painters, artists, poets,--mixing us +up gratuitously with a set of fools who have neither house nor home, nor +sous nor sense? Why should we put up with a rascal who comes here +and wants us to feather his nest by subscribing to a newspaper which +preaches a new religion whose first doctrine is, if you please, that we +are not to inherit from our fathers and mothers? On my sacred word of +honor, Pere Margaritis said things a great deal more sensible. And now, +what are you complaining about? You and Margaritis seemed to understand +each other. The gentlemen here present can testify that if you had +talked to the whole canton you couldn't have been as well understood." + +"That's all very well for you to say; but I have been insulted, +Monsieur, and I demand satisfaction!" + +"Very good, Monsieur! consider yourself insulted, if you like. I shall +not give you satisfaction, because there is neither rhyme nor reason nor +satisfaction to be found in the whole business. What an absurd fool he +is, to be sure!" + +At these words Gaudissart flew at the dyer to give him a slap on +the face, but the listening crowd rushed between them, so that the +illustrious traveller only contrived to knock off the wig of his enemy, +which fell on the head of Mademoiselle Clara Vernier. + +"If you are not satisfied, Monsieur," he said, "I shall be at the Soleil +d'Or until to-morrow morning, and you will find me ready to show you +what it means to give satisfaction. I fought in July, Monsieur." + +"And you shall fight in Vouvray," answered the dyer; "and what is more, +you shall stay here longer than you imagine." + +Gaudissart marched off, turning over in his mind this prophetic remark, +which seemed to him full of sinister portent. For the first time in his +life the prince of travellers did not dine jovially. The whole town of +Vouvray was put in a ferment about the "affair" between Monsieur Vernier +and the apostle of Saint-Simonism. Never before had the tragic event of +a duel been so much as heard of in that benign and happy valley. + +"Monsieur Mitouflet, I am to fight to-morrow with Monsieur Vernier," +said Gaudissart to his landlord. "I know no one here: will you be my +second?" + +"Willingly," said the host. + +Gaudissart had scarcely finished his dinner before Madame Fontanieu +and the assistant-mayor of Vouvray came to the Soleil d'Or and took +Mitouflet aside. They told him it would be a painful and injurious thing +to the whole canton if a violent death were the result of this affair; +they represented the pitiable distress of Madame Vernier, and conjured +him to find some way to arrange matters and save the credit of the +district. + +"I take it all upon myself," said the sagacious landlord. + +In the evening he went up to the traveller's room carrying pens, ink, +and paper. + +"What have you got there?" asked Gaudissart. + +"If you are going to fight to-morrow," answered Mitouflet, "you had +better make some settlement of your affairs; and perhaps you have +letters to write,--we all have beings who are dear to us. Writing +doesn't kill, you know. Are you a good swordsman? Would you like to get +your hand in? I have some foils." + +"Yes, gladly." + +Mitouflet returned with foils and masks. + +"Now, then, let us see what you can do." + +The pair put themselves on guard. Mitouflet, with his former prowess as +grenadier of the guard, made sixty-two passes at Gaudissart, pushed him +about right and left, and finally pinned him up against the wall. + +"The deuce! you are strong," said Gaudissart, out of breath. + +"Monsieur Vernier is stronger than I am." + +"The devil! Damn it, I shall fight with pistols." + +"I advise you to do so; because, if you take large holster pistols and +load them up to their muzzles, you can't risk anything. They are _sure_ +to fire wide of the mark, and both parties can retire from the field +with honor. Let me manage all that. Hein! 'sapristi,' two brave men +would be arrant fools to kill each other for a joke." + +"Are you sure the pistols will carry _wide enough_? I should be sorry to +kill the man, after all," said Gaudissart. + +"Sleep in peace," answered Mitouflet, departing. + +The next morning the two adversaries, more or less pale, met beside the +bridge of La Cise. The brave Vernier came near shooting a cow which was +peaceably feeding by the roadside. + +"Ah, you fired in the air!" cried Gaudissart. + +At these words the enemies embraced. + +"Monsieur," said the traveller, "your joke was rather rough, but it was +a good one for all that. I am sorry I apostrophized you: I was excited. +I regard you as a man of honor." + +"Monsieur, we take twenty subscriptions to the 'Children's Journal,'" +replied the dyer, still pale. + +"That being so," said Gaudissart, "why shouldn't we all breakfast +together? Men who fight are always the ones to come to a good +understanding." + +"Monsieur Mitouflet," said Gaudissart on his return to the inn, "of +course you have got a sheriff's officer here?" + +"What for?" + +"I want to send a summons to my good friend Margaritis to deliver the +two casks of wine." + +"But he has not got them," said Vernier. + +"No matter for that; the affair can be arranged by the payment of an +indemnity. I won't have it said that Vouvray outwitted the illustrious +Gaudissart." + +Madame Margaritis, alarmed at the prospect of a suit in which the +plaintiff would certainly win his case, brought thirty francs to the +placable traveller, who thereupon considered himself quits with the +happiest region of sunny France,--a region which is also, we must add, +the most recalcitrant to new and progressive ideas. + +On returning from his trip through the southern departments, the +illustrious Gaudissart occupied the coupe of a diligence, where he met +a young man to whom, as they journeyed between Angouleme and Paris, he +deigned to explain the enigmas of life, taking him, apparently, for an +infant. + +As they passed Vouvray the young man exclaimed, "What a fine site!" + +"Yes, Monsieur," said Gaudissart, "but not habitable on account of the +people. You get into duels every day. Why, it is not three months since +I fought one just there," pointing to the bridge of La Cise, "with a +damned dyer; but I made an end of him,--he bit the dust!" + + + + +ADDENDUM + +The following personages appear in other stories of the Human Comedy. + + Finot, Andoche + Cesar Birotteau + A Bachelor's Establishment + A Distinguished Provincial at Paris + Scenes from a Courtesan's Life + The Government Clerks + A Start in Life + The Firm of Nucingen + + Gaudissart, Felix + Scenes from a Courtesan's Life + Cousin Pons + Cesar Birotteau + Honorine + + Popinot, Anselme + Cesar Birotteau + Cousin Pons + Cousin Betty + + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's The Illustrious Gaudissart, by Honore de Balzac + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ILLUSTRIOUS GAUDISSART *** + +***** This file should be named 1474.txt or 1474.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/4/7/1474/ + +Produced by John Bickers, and Dagny + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |