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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 48, Saturday,
+September 28, 1850, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 48, Saturday, September 28, 1850
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: September 15, 2004 [EBook #13463]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David
+King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 48.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {273}
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+NOTES:--
+  Riots in London. 273
+  Satirical Poems on William III. 275
+  Shakspeare's Grief and Frenzy, by C. Forbes. 275
+  Etymological Notes. 276
+  Mistakes in Gibbon. by Rev. J.E.B. Mayor. 276
+  Minor Notes. History of Saracens--Hippopotamus--America--Pascal's
+  Letters--Parson's Epigram. 277
+
+QUERIES:--
+  "Orkneyinga Saga". 278
+  Minor Queries:--Incumbents of Church Livings--York
+    Buildings Company--Saying ascribed to Montaigne--"Modum
+    Promissionis"--Roman Catholic Theology--Wife of Edward
+    the Outlaw--Conde's "Arabs in Spain". 278
+
+REPLIES:--
+  Cave's Historia Literaria, by Rev. Dr. Maitland. 279
+  Sir Garamer Vans. 280
+  Collar of SS., by Dr. Rock. 280
+  Joachin, the French Ambassador, by S.W. Singer. 280
+  Remains of James II. 281
+  Handfasting. 282
+  Adam of Bremen's Julin, by Dr. Bell. 282
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--Bess of Hardwick--Bishop
+    Andrewes--The Sun Feminine--Carpatio--Character
+    "&"--Walrond Family--Blackguard--Scala Coeli--Sitting
+    during the Lessons--Aerostation--Pole Money--Wormwood
+    Wine--Darvon Gatherall--Angels' Visits--Antiquity of
+    Smoking--"Noli me tangere"--Partrige Family--City
+    Offices--Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood. 283
+
+MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 287
+  Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 287
+  Notices to Correspondents. 287
+  Advertisements. 288
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+RIOTS OF LONDON.
+
+Seventy years having passed away since the riots of London, there cannot
+be many living who remember them, and still fewer who were personally in
+contact with the tumultuous throng. Under such circumstances, I venture
+to offer for introduction into your useful and entertaining miscellany
+some incidents connected with that event in which I was either
+personally an actor or spectator--things not in themselves important,
+yet which may be to some of your readers acceptable and interesting as
+records of bygone days.
+
+The events of 1780, in themselves so terrific, were well adapted to be
+written indelibly on the memory of a young, and ardent boy. At any age
+they would have been engraved as with an iron pen; but their occurrence
+at the first age of my early boyhood, when no previous event had claimed
+particular attention, fixed them as a lasting memorial.
+
+The awful conflagrations had not taken place when I arrived in London
+from a large school in one of the midland counties in England, for the
+Midsummer vacation. So many of my school-fellows resided in the
+metropolis, or in a part of the country requiring a passage through
+London, that three or four closely-packed post-chaises were necessary;
+and to accomplish the journey in good time for the youngsters to be met
+by their friends, the journey was begun as near to four o'clock A.M. as
+was possible.
+
+The chaises, well crowned with boxes, and filled with joyous youth, were
+received at the Castle and Falcon, then kept by a Mr. Dupont, a
+celebrated wine merchant, and the friend of our estimable tutor. The
+whole of my schoolmates had been met by their respective friends, and my
+brother and I alone remained at the inn, when at length my mother
+arrived in a hackney-coach to fetch us, and from her we learned that the
+streets were so crowded that she could hardly make her way to us. No
+time was lost, and we were soon on our way homewards. We passed through
+Newgate Street and the Old Bailey without interruption or delay; but
+when we came into Ludgate Hill the case was far different; the street
+was full and the people noisy, permitting no carriage to pass unless the
+coachman took off his hat and acknowledged his respect for them and the
+object for which they had congregated. "Hat off, coachee!" was their
+cry. Our coachman would not obey their noisy calls, and there we were
+fixed. Long might we have remained in that unpleasant predicament had
+not my foreseeing parent sagaciously provided herself with a piece of
+ribbon of the popular colour, which she used to good effect by making it
+up into a bow with a long, streamer and pinning it to a white
+handkerchief, which she courageously flourished out of the window of the
+hackney-coach. Huzzas {274} and "Go on, coachee!" were shouted from the
+crowd and with no other obstruction than the full streets presented, we
+reached Beaufort Buildings, in the Strand, the street in which we
+resided.
+
+There a new scene presented itself, which was very impressive to our
+young minds. The street was full of soldiers, and the coachman said to
+my mother, "I cannot go down." A soldier addressed my mother: "No one,
+ma'am, can go down this street:" to whom my mother replied, "I live
+here, and am going to my own home." An officer then gave permission for
+us, and the coachman with our box, to proceed, and we were soon at our
+own door. The coachman, ignorant of the passport which the handkerchief
+and ribbon had proved, said, on setting the box down, "You see, ma'am,
+we got on without my taking off my hat: for who would take off his hat
+to such a set of fellows? I would rather have sat there all the day
+long."
+
+The assembling of the military in this street was to defend the
+dwellings of Mr. Kitchener and Mr. Heron, both these gentlemen being
+Roman Catholics. Mr. Kitchener (who was the father of Dr. Kitchener, the
+author of the _Cook's Oracle_) was an eminent coal merchant, whose wharf
+was by the river-side southward, behind Beaufort Buildings, then called
+Worcester Grounds[1], as the lane leading to it was called Worcester
+Lane: but Mr. Kitchener, or his successor Mr. Cox, endeavoured to change
+it by having "Beaufort Wharf" painted on their wagons. Thus the name
+"Worcester Grounds" got lost; but the lane which bore the same name got
+no advantage by the change, for it received the appropriate title of
+"Dirty Lane," used only for carts and horses, foot passengers reaching
+the wharf by the steps at the bottom of Fountain Court and Beaufort
+Buildings.
+
+But to return to my narrative. My parents soon removed us out of this
+scene of public confusion, to the house of a relative residing at St.
+Pancras: and well do I remember the painful interest with which, as soon
+as it got dark, the whole family of my uncle used to go on the roof of
+the house and count the number of fires, guessing the place of each. The
+alarm was so great, though at a distance, that it was always late before
+the family retired to rest. I remained at St. Pancras until the riots
+had been subdued and peace restored; and now, though very many matters
+crowd my mind, as report after report then reached us, I will leave them
+to record only what I personally saw and heard.
+
+Before the vacation was ended, the trials of the prisoners had
+proceeded, and I went to a friend's house to see some condemned ones
+pass to execution. The house from which I had this painful view has been
+removed; the site is now the road to Waterloo Bridge. I believe it was
+because a lad was to be executed that I was allowed to go. The mournful
+procession passed up St. Catherine's Street, and from the distance I
+was, I could only see that the lad in height did not reach above the
+shoulders of the two men between whom he sat, who, with him, were to be
+executed in Russell Street. Universal and deep was the sympathy
+expressed towards the youth from the throng of people, which was
+considerable. As it was long before the street was sufficiently cleared
+to allow us to return home, the report came that the execution was over,
+and that the boy was so light that the executioner jumped on him to
+break his neck: and such was the effect of previous sympathy, that a
+feeling of horror was excited at the brutality (as they called it) of
+the action; but, viewing it calmly, it was wise, and intended kindly to
+shorten the time of suffering. While thus waiting, I heard an account of
+this boy's trial. A censure was expressed on the government for hanging
+one so young, when it was stated that this boy was the only one
+executed, though so many were guilty, as an example, as the proof of his
+guilt was unquestionable. A witness against him on the trial said, "I
+will swear that I have seen that boy actively engaged at several
+conflagrations." He was rebuked for thus positively speaking by the
+opposite counsel, when he said, "I am quite sure it is the active boy I
+have seen so often for I was so impressed with his flagrant conduct that
+I cut a piece out of his clothes:" and putting his hand into his pocket,
+he pulled out the piece which he had cut off, which exactly fitted to
+the boy's jacket. This decided his execution: yet justice was not
+vindictive, for very few persons were executed.
+
+I will trespass yet further on your pages to recite one other incident
+of the riots that occurred in connexion with the attack on the King's
+Bench prison, and the death of Allen, which made a great stir at the
+time. The incident I refer to happened thus:--At the gate of the prison
+two sentinels were placed. One of these was a fine-built young man, full
+six feet high: he had been servant to my father. On the day Allen was
+shot, or a day or two after, he came to my father for protection: my
+father having a high opinion of his veracity and moral goodness, took
+him in and sheltered him until quiet was restored. His name was M'Phin,
+or some such name; but as he was always called "Mac" by us, I do not
+remember his name perfectly. He stated that he and his fellow-soldier,
+while standing as sentries at the prison, were attacked by an uproarious
+mob, and were assailed with stones and brickbats;--that his companion
+called loudly to the mob, and said, "I will not fire until I see and
+mark a man that throws at us, and then he shall die. I don't want to
+kill the innocent, {275} or any one; but he that flings at us shall
+surely die." Young Allen threw a brick-bat, and ran off; but Mac said,
+his fellow-soldier had seen it, and marked him. The crowd gave way; off
+went Allen and the soldier after him. Young Allen ran on, the soldier
+pursuing him, till he entered his father's premises, who was a
+cow-keeper, and _there_ the soldier shot him. Popular fury turned upon
+poor Mac; and so completely was he thought to be the "murderer" of young
+Allen that 500l. was offered by the mob for his discovery. But my good
+father was faithful to honest Mac, and he lay secure in one of our upper
+rooms until the excitement was over.
+
+Allen's funeral was attended by myriads, and a monument was erected to
+his memory (which yet remains, I believe) in Newington churchyard,
+speaking lies in the face of the sun. If it were important enough, it
+deserves erasure as much as the false inscription on London's monument.
+
+As soon as the public blood was cool, "Mac" surrendered himself, was
+tried at the Old Bailey, and acquitted.
+
+Should it be in the power of any of the readers of your interesting
+miscellany, by reference to the Session Papers, to give me the actual
+name of poor "Mac," I shall feel obliged.
+
+SENEX.
+
+September 9. 1850.
+
+[Footnote 1: Mr. Cunningham, vol. i. p. 69., gives an interesting
+quotation from Strype respecting Worcester House, which gave the name of
+"Worcester Grounds" to Mr. Kitchener's property.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SATIRICAL POEMS ON WILLIAM III.
+
+Some years since I copied from a MS. vol., compiled before 1708, the
+following effusions of a Jacobite poet, who seems to have been "a good
+hater" of King William. I have made ineffectual efforts to discover the
+witty author, or to ascertain if these compositions have ever been
+printed. My friend, in whose waste-book I found them,--a beneficed
+clergyman in Worcestershire, who has been several years dead,--obtained
+them from a college friend during the last century.
+
+  "UPON KING WILLIAM'S TWO FIRST CAMPAGNES.
+
+  "'Twill puzzle much the author's brains,
+     That is to write your story,
+   To know in which of these campagnes
+     You have acquired most glory:
+   For when you march'd the foe to fight,
+     Like Heroe, nothing fearing,
+   Namur was taken in your sight,
+     And Mons within your hearing."
+
+
+  "ON THE OBSERVING THE 30TH OF JANUARY, 1691.
+
+   "Cease, Hippocrites, to trouble heaven
+    How can ye think to be forgiven
+      The dismall deed you've done?
+    When to the martyr's sacred blood,
+    This very moment, if you could,
+      You'd sacrifice his son."
+
+
+  "ON KING WILLIAM'S RETURN OUT OF FLANDERS.
+
+   "Rejoice, yee fops, yo'r idoll's come agen
+    To pick yo'r pocketts, and to slay yo'r men;
+    Give him yo'r millions, and his Dutch yo'r lands:
+    Don't ring yo'r bells, yee fools, but wring yo'r hands."
+
+GRENDON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE'S GRIEF AND FRENZY.
+
+I have looked into many an edition of Shakspeare, but I have not found
+one that traced the connexion that I fancy exists between the lines--
+
+  _Cassius._ "I did not think you could have been so angry."
+
+  _Brutus._  "O Cassius! I am sick of many griefs."
+
+or between
+
+  _Brutus._  "No man bears sorrow better.--Portia is dead."
+
+  _Cassius._ "How 'scaped I killing when I crossed you so!"
+
+  _Julius Caesar_, Act iv. Sc. 3.
+
+which will perhaps better suit the object that I have in view. The
+editors whose notes I have examined probably thought the connexion so
+self-evident or insignificant as not to require either notice or
+explanation. If so, I differ from them, and I therefore offer the
+following remarks for the _amusement_ rather than for the _instruction_
+of those who, like myself, are not at all ashamed to confess that they
+cannot read Shakspeare's music "_at sight_." I believe that both
+_Replies_ contain an allusion to the fact that _Anger, grafted on
+sorrow, almost invariably assumes the form of frenzy; that it is in
+every sense of the word "Madness," when the mind is unhinged, and
+reason, as it were, totters from the effects of grief_.
+
+Cassius had but just mildly rebuked Brutus for making no better use of
+his philosophy, and now--startled by the sudden sight of his bleeding,
+mangled heart--"Portia is--Dead!" pays involuntary homage to the very
+philosophy he had so rashly underrated by the exclamation--
+
+  "How 'scaped I _killing_ when I crossed you so!"
+
+I wish, if possible, to support this view of the case by the following
+passages:--
+
+  I.  Romeo's address to Balthasar.
+      "But if thou ... roaring sea."
+
+  II. His address to Paris.
+      "I beseech thee youth ... away!"
+
+  _Romeo and Juliet_, Act v. Sc. 3.
+
+    III. "The poor father was ready to fall down dead; but he
+    grasped the broken oar which was before him, jumped up, and
+    called in a faltering voice,--'Arrigozzo! Arrigozzo!' This was
+    but for a moment. Receiving no answer, he ran to the top of the
+    rock; looked at all around, ran his eye over all who were safe,
+    one by one, but could not find his son among them. Then seeing
+    the count, who had so lately been finding fault {276} with his
+    son's name, he roared out,--'Dog, are you here?' And,
+    brandishing the broken oar, he rushed forward to strike him on
+    the head. Bice uttered a cry, Ottorino was quick in warding off
+    the blow; in a minute, Lupo, the falconer, and the boatmen,
+    disarmed the frantic man; who, striking his forehead with both
+    hands, gave a spring, and threw himself into the lake.
+
+    "He was seen fighting with the angry waves, overcoming them with
+    a strength and a courage which desperation alone can
+    give."--_Marco Viconti_, vol. i. chap. 5.
+
+IV. A passage that has probably already occurred to the mind of the
+reader, Mucklebackit mending the cable in which his son had been lost:
+
+    "'There is a curse either on me or on this auld black bitch of a
+    boat, that I have hauled up high and dry, and pitched and
+    clouted sae mony years, that she might drown my poor Steenie at
+    the end of them, an' be d----d to her!' And he flung his hammer
+    against the boat, as if she had been the intentional cause of
+    his misfortune"--_Antiquary_, vol. ii. chap. 13. Cadell, 1829.
+
+    V. "Giton praecipue, _ex dolore in rabiem efferatus_, tollit
+    clamorem, me, utraque manu impulsum, praecipitat super
+    lectum."--Petron. _Arb. Sat._ cap. 94.
+
+The classical reader will at once recognise the force of the words
+"rabiem," "efferatus," "praecipitat," in this passage. The expression
+"utraque manu" may not at first sight arrest his attention. It seems
+always used to express the most intense eagerness; see
+
+    "Ijecit utramque laciniae manum."--Pet. _Arb. Sat._ 14.
+
+    "Utraque manu Deorum beneficia tractat."--Ib. 140.
+
+    "Upon which Menedemus, incensed at his insolence,
+    answered,--'Nothing is more necessary than the preservation of
+    Lucullus;' and thrust him back _with both hands_."--Plutarch,
+    _Life of Lucullus_.
+
+    "Women have a sort of natural tendency to cross their husbands:
+    they lay hold _with both hands_ [a deux mains] on all occasions
+    to contradict and oppose them, and the first excuse serves for a
+    plenary justification."--Montaigne, _Essays_, book 2. chap. 8.
+
+    "Marmout, deceived by the seemingly careless winter attitude of
+    the allies, left Ciudad Rodrigo unprotected within their reach
+    and Wellington jumped _with both feet_ upon the devoted fortress
+    of Napier," _Pen. War_, vol. iv. p. 374.
+
+Any apology for the unwarrantable length of this discursive despatch,
+would, of course, only make matters worse.
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+Temple.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES.
+
+1. _Gnatch._--"The covetous man dares not gnatch" (Hammond's
+_Catechism_). From this, and the examples in Halliwell's _Dictionary_,
+the sense seems to be "to move." Is it related to "gnake?"
+
+2. _Pert._--I lately met with an instance of the use of this word in the
+etymological sense _peritus_: "I beant peart at making button-holes,"
+said a needlewoman.
+
+3. _Rococo._--A far-fetched etymology suggests itself. A wealthy noble
+from the north might express his admiration for the luxuries of Paris by
+the Russian word [Cyrillic: roskosha], or Polish _roskosz_. A Frenchman,
+catching the sound, might apply it to anything extravagant enough to
+astonish a barbarian.
+
+4. _Cad._--The letters from Scotland ascribed to a Captain Burtt,
+employed in surveying the forfeited estates, give an account of the
+"cawdies," or errand boys, of Edinburgh.
+
+5. _Fun_, perhaps Irish, _fonamhad_, jeering, mockery (Lhuyd,
+_Archaeologia Britannica_).
+
+6. _Bumbailiff._--The French have _pousse-cul_, for the follower or
+assistant to the sergeant.
+
+7. Epergne, perhaps _epargne_, a save-all or hold-all. Here seems no
+more difficulty in the transfer of the name than in that of chiffonier,
+from a rag-basket to a piece of ornamental furniture.
+
+8. _Doggrel._--Has the word any connexion with _sdrucciolo_?
+
+9. _Derrick._--A spar arranged to form an extempore crane. I think
+Derrick was the name of an executioner.
+
+10. _Mece_, A.-S., a knife. The word is found in the Sclavonic and
+Tartar dialects. I thinly I remember some years ago reading in a
+newspaper of rioters armed with "pea makes." I do not remember any other
+instance of its use in English.
+
+F.Q.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MISTAKES IN GIBBON.
+
+The following references may be of use to a future editor of Gibbon; Mr.
+Milman has not, I believe, rectified any of the mistakes pointed out by
+the authors cited.
+
+    In the Netherlands ... 50,000 in less than fifty years were ...
+    sacrificed to the intolerance of popery. (Fra Paolo, _Sarpi
+    Conc. Trid._ 1. i. p. 422. ed. sec. Grotius, in his _Annal.
+    Belq._ 1. v. pp. 1G, 17. duod., including _all_ the persecutions
+    of Charles V, makes the number 100,000. The supposed
+    contradiction between these two historians supplied Mr. Gibbon
+    with an argument by which he satisfied himself that be had
+    completely demolished the whole credibility of Eusebius's
+    history. See conclusion of his 16th book.) [Mendham's _Life of
+    Pius V._, p. 303. and note; compare p. 252., where Gibbon's
+    attack on Eusebius is discussed.]
+
+In Forster's _Mahometanism Unveiled_, several of Gibbon's statements are
+questioned. I have not the book at hand, and did not think the
+corrections very important when I read it some time {277} back. The
+reader who has it may see pp. 339. 385. 461-2. 472. 483. 498. of the
+second volume.
+
+In Dr. Maitland's _Dark Ages_, p. 229. seq. note, a gross blunder is
+pointed out.
+
+See too the _Gentlemans Magazine_, July, 1839, p. 49.
+
+Dr. Maitland, in his _Facts and Documents relating to the ancient
+Albigenses and Waldenses_, p. 217. note, corrects an error respecting
+the _Book of Sentences_.
+
+    "Gibbon, speaking of this _Book of Sentences_, in a note on his
+    54th chapter, says, 'Of a list of criminals which fills nineteen
+    folio pages, only _fifteen_ men and _four_ women were delivered
+    to the secular arm.' Vol. v. p. 535. I believe he should have
+    said _thirty-two_ men and _eight_ women; and imagine that he was
+    misled by the fact that the index-maker most commonly (but by no
+    means always) states the nature of the sentence passed on each
+    person. From the book, however, it appears that forty persons
+    were so delivered, viz., twenty-nine Albigenses, seven
+    Waldenses, and four Beguins."
+
+The following mistake was pointed out by the learned Cork correspondent
+of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, I think in 1838; it has misled the writer
+of the article "Anicius", in Smith's _Dictionary of Ancient Biography_,
+and is not corrected by Mr. Milman (Gibbon, chap. xxxi. note 14 and
+text):--
+
+    "During the first five ages, the name of the Anicians was
+    unknown. The earliest date in the annals of Pighius is that of
+    M. Anicius Gallus, Tr. Plebis A.U.C. 506. Another Tribune, Q.
+    Anicius, A.U.C. 508, is distinguished by the epithet
+    Praenestinus."
+
+We learn from Pliny, _H.N._ xxxiii. 6., that Q. Anicius Praenestinus was
+the colleague as curule aedile of Flavius, the famous _scriba_ of Appius
+Caecus, B.C. 304, A.U.C. 450. (See Fischer, _Roem. Zeittafeln_, p. 61-2.)
+Pliny's words are--
+
+    "[Flavius] tantam gratiam plebis adeptus est ... ut aedilis
+    curulis crearetur cum Q. Anicio Praenestino."
+
+Gibbon's chapter on Mahomet seems to be particularly superficial; it is
+to be hoped that a future editor will correct it by the aid of Von
+Hammer's labours.
+
+J.E.B. MAYOR.
+
+Marlborough College.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MINOR NOTES
+
+_"Ockley's History of the Saracens," and unauthentic Works._--At the end
+of a late edition of Washington Irving's _Life of Mahomet_, those "who
+feel inclined to peruse further details of the life of Mahomet, or to
+pursue the course of Saracenic history," are referred to _Ockley_.
+Students should be aware of the character of the histories they peruse.
+And it appears, from a note in Hallam's _Middle Ages_ (vol. ii. p.
+168.), that Wakidi, from whom Ockley translated his work, was a "mere
+fabulist," as Reiske observes, in his preface to Abulfeda.
+
+Query, Would it not be well, if some of your more learned correspondents
+would communicate to students, through the medium of "NOTES AND
+QUERIES," a list of such books as are genuine but not authentic; and
+authentic but not genuine, or altogether spurious? or would point out
+the sources from which such information can be obtained?
+
+P.H.F.
+
+
+_The Hippopotamus._--Your correspondent L. (Vol. ii., p. 35.) says,
+"None of the Greek writers appear to have seen a live hippopotamus:" and
+again, "The hippopotamus, being an inhabitant of the Upper Nile, was
+imperfectly known to the ancients." Herodotus says (ii. 71.) that this
+animal was held sacred by the Nomos of Papremis, but not by the other
+Egyptians. The city of Papremis is fixed by Baehr in the west of the
+Delta (ad ii. 63.); and Mannert conjectured it to be the same as the
+later Xois, lying between the Sebennytic and Canopic branches, but
+nearer to the former. Sir Gardner Wilkinson says, several
+representations of the hippopotamus were found at Thebes, one of which
+he gives (_Egyptians_, vol. iii. pl. xv.). Herodotus' way of speaking
+would seem to show that he was describing from his own observation: he
+used Hecataeus, no doubt, but did not blindly copy him. Hence, I think,
+we may infer that Herodotus himself saw the hippopotamus, and that this
+animal was found, in his day, even as far north as the Delta: and also,
+that the species is gradually dying out, as the aurochs is nearly gone,
+and the dodo quite. The crocodile is no longer found in the Delta.
+
+E.S. JACKSON
+
+
+_America._--The probability of a short western passage to India is
+mentioned in _Aristotle de Coelo_, ii., near the end.
+
+F.Q.
+
+
+_Pascal's Lettres Provinciales._--I take the liberty of forwarding to
+you the following "Note," suggested by two curious blunders which fell
+under my notice some time ago.
+
+In Mr. Stamp's reprint of the Rev. C. Elliott's _Delineation of
+Romanism_ (London, 8vo. 1844), I find (p. 471., in note) a long
+paragraph on Pascal's _Lettres Provinciales_:--
+
+    "This exquisite production," says the English editor, "_is
+    accompanied, in some editions of it, with the learned and
+    judicious observations of Nicole_, who, under the fictitious
+    name of Guillaume Wendrock, has fully demonstrated the truths of
+    those facts which Pascal had advanced without quoting his
+    authorities; and has placed, in a full and striking light,
+    several interesting circumstances which that great man had
+    treated with perhaps too much brevity. _These letters ... were
+    translated into Latin by Ruchelius_."
+
+From Mr. Stamp's remarks the reader is led to conclude that the _text_
+of the _Lettres Provinciales_ {278} is accompanied in some editions by
+observations of Wendrock (Nicole), likewise in the French language. Now
+such an assertion merely proves how carelessly some annotators will
+study the subjects they attempt to elucidate. Nicole _translated_ into
+Latin the _Provincial Letters_; and the masterly disquisitions which he
+added to the volume were, in their turn, "made French" by Mademoiselle
+de Joncoux, and annexed to the editions of 1700, 1712, 1735.
+
+As for Rachelius, if Mr. Stamp had taken the trouble to refer to
+Placcius' _Theatr. Anonym. et Pseud._, he night have seen (Art. 2,883.)
+that this worthy was merely a German _editor_, not a translator of
+Pascal cum Wendrock.
+
+The second blunder I have to notice has been perpetrated by the writer
+of an otherwise excellent article on Pascal in the last number of the
+_British Quarterly Review_ (No. 20. August). He mentions Bossuet's
+edition of the _Pensees_, speaks of "_the prelate_," and evidently
+ascribes to the famous Bishop of Meaux, _who died in_ 1704, the edition
+of Pascal's _Thoughts, published in_ 1779 _by Bossuet_. (See pp. 140.
+142.)
+
+GUSTAVE MASSON.
+
+
+_Porson's Epigram._--I made the following Note many years ago:--
+
+    "The late Professor Porson's own account of his academic visits
+    to the Continent:--
+
+    "'I went to Frankfort, and got drunk With that most learn'd
+    professor--Brunck: I went to Worts, and got more drunken, With
+    that more learn'd professor Ruhncken.'"
+
+But I do not remember where or from whom I got it. Is anything known
+about it, or its authenticity?
+
+P.H.F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUERIES.
+
+"ORKNEYINGA SAGA."
+
+In the introduction to Lord Ellesmere's _Guide to Northern Archaeology_,
+p. xi., is mentioned the intended publication by the Royal Society of
+Northern Antiquaries, Copenhagen, of a volume of historical antiquities
+to be called _Antiquitates Britannicae et Hibernicae_. In the contents of
+this volume is noticed the _Orkneyinga Saga_, a history of the Orkney
+and Zetland Isles from A.D. 865 to 1234, of which there is only the
+edition Copenhagen, 1780, "chiefly printed," it is said, "from a modern
+paper manuscript, and by no means from the celebrated Codex Flateyensis
+written on parchment in the fourteenth century." This would show that
+the Codex Flateyensis was the most valuable manuscript of the work
+published under the name of the _Orkneyinga Saga_, of which its editor,
+Jonas Jonaeus, in his introductory address to the reader, says its author
+and age are equally unknown: "auctor incertus incerto aeque tempore
+scripsit." The _Orkneyinga Saga_ concludes with the burning of Adam
+Bishop, of Caithness, by the mob at Thurso while John was Earl of
+Orkney, and according to Dalrymple's _Annals_ in A.D. 1222; but in the
+narrative given by the historian Torfaeus, in his _Orcades_, of Haco,
+King of Norway's expedition against the western coast of Scotland in
+1263, which terminated in the defeat of the invaders by the Scots at
+Largs, in Ayrshire, and the death of King Haco on his return back in the
+palace of the bishop of Orkney at Kirkwall, reference is made to the
+Codex Flateyensis as to the burial of King Haco in the city of Bergen,
+in Norway, where his remains were finally deposited, after lying some
+months before the shrine of the patron saint in the cathedral of Saint
+Magnus, at Kirkwall. There is not a syllable of King Haco or his
+expedition in the _Orkneyinga Saga_; and as I cannot reconcile this
+reference of Torfaeus (2nd edition, 1715, book ii. p. 170.) with the
+_Saga_, the favour of information is desired from some of your
+antiquarian correspondents. The Codex Flateyensis has been ascribed to a
+pensioner of the king of Norway resident in Flottay, one of the southern
+isles of Orkney, but with more probability can be attributed to some of
+the monks of the monastery built on the small island of Flatey, lying in
+Breida Fiord, a gulf on the west coast of Iceland.
+
+W.H.F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MINOR QUERIES.
+
+_Incumbents of Church Livings in Kent._--I have by me the following MS.
+note:--"A list of B.A.'s graduated at Cambridge from 1500 to 1735 may be
+found in 'Additional MSS. British Museum, No. 5,585.'" Will any of your
+correspondents inform me if this reference is correct, and if the list
+can be examined?
+
+Is there in the British Museum or elsewhere a list of incumbents of
+church livings in Kent (with name and birthplace) from 1600 to 1660?
+
+BRANBRIDGES.
+
+
+_York Buildings Company._--This company existed about the middle of the
+last century. I shall be glad to be informed where the papers connected
+with it are to be met with, and may be referred to.
+
+WDN.
+
+
+_Saying ascribed to Montaigne._--The saying, "I have here only made a
+nosegay of culled flowers, and have brought nothing of my own but the
+thread that ties them," is usually ascribed to Montaigne. In what part
+of his works are these words to be found? I heard doubts expressed of
+their genuineness some years ago by a reader of the _Essays_; and my own
+search for them has also proved hitherto unsuccessful.
+
+C. FORBES. {279}
+
+
+"_Modum promissionis_."--Will any of your readers help to interpret the
+following expression in a mediaeval author:--
+
+    "(Ut vulgo loquitur) modum promissionis ostendit?"
+
+I have reason to think that _modum promissionis_ means "a provisional
+arrangement:" but by whom, and in what common parlance, was this
+expression used?
+
+C.W.B.
+
+
+_Roman Catholic Theology._--Is there any work containing a list of Roman
+Catholic theological works published in the English language from the
+year 1558 to 1700?
+
+M.Y.A.H.
+
+
+_Wife of Edward the Outlaw._--Can any of your correspondents inform me
+who was the wife of Edward the Outlaw, and consequently mother of
+Margaret of Scotland, and ancestress of the kings of England?
+
+The account adopted by most historians is that Canute, in 1017, sent the
+two sons of Edmund Ironside to the king of Denmark, whence they were
+transferred to Solomon, king of Hungary, who gave his sister to the
+eldest; and, on his death without issue, married the second Edward to
+Agatha, daughter of the Emperor Henry II. (or, in some accounts, Henry
+III., or even, in Grafton's _Chronicles_, called Henry IV.), and sister
+to his own queen.
+
+That Edward the Outlaw returned to England in 1057, having had five
+children, of whom three survived: Edgar; Margaret, who in 1067 married
+King Malcolm of Scotland, and another daughter.
+
+Now this account is manifestly incorrect. The Emperor Henry II. died
+childless: when on his death-bed he restored his wife to her parents,
+declaring that both he and she had kept their vows of chastity.
+
+Solomon did not ascend the throne of Hungary until 1063, in which year
+he had also married Sophia, daughter of the Emperor Henry III.; but this
+monarch (who was born in October, 1017, married his first wife in 1036,
+who died, leaving one child, in 1038 and his second wife in November
+1043) could not be the grandfather of the five children of Edward the
+Outlaw, born prior to 1057.
+
+The _Saxon Chronicle_ says, that Edward married Agatha the emperor's
+cousin.
+
+E.H.Y.
+
+
+_Conde's "Arabs in Spain"_.--In Professor de Vericour's _Historical
+Analysis of Christian Civilisation_, just published, it is stated (p.
+499.) that Conde's _Arabs in Spain_ has been translated into English. I
+have never met with a translation, and fancy that the Professor has made
+a mistake. Can any of your correspondents decide? I know that a year or
+two ago, Messrs. Whittaker announced that a translation would form part
+of their _Popular Library_; but for some reason (probably insufficient
+support) it never appeared. Query, Might not Mr. Bohn with advantage
+include this work in his _Standard Library_?
+
+IOTA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REPLIES.
+
+CAVE'S HISTORIA LITERARIA.
+
+I do not know whether the notices respecting Cave's _Historia Literaria_
+(Vol. ii., pp. 230. 255.) hold out any prospect of a new edition. It is
+much to be desired; and as it may be done at some time or other, you
+will perhaps allow me to make a Note of a circumstance which
+accidentally came to my knowledge, and should be known to any future
+editor. It is simply this: in the second volume of the Oxford edition of
+1740, after the three dissertations, &c., there are fifteen pages, with
+a fresh pagination of their own, entitled, "Notae MSS. et Accessiones
+_Anonymi_ ad Cavei Historiam Literariam, Codicis Margini adscriptae, in
+Bibliotheca Lambethana. Manus est plane Reverendiss. _Thomae Tenison_,
+Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi." Not to occupy more of your valuable space
+than is necessary, I will merely observe that the "Anonymus" was not
+Archbishop Tenison, but Henry Wharton. There can be no doubt in the mind
+of any person acquainted with the handwriting of the parties; and to
+those to whom such a notice is likely to be of any use at all, it is
+unnecessary to say that the difference is important. I need scarcely
+add, that if ever a new edition is undertaken, Wharton's books and
+papers, and other things in the Lambeth collection of MSS., should be
+examined.
+
+S.R. MAITLAND.
+
+
+_Cave's Historia Literaria_ (Vol ii., p. 230.).--
+
+1. London, 1688-1698, 2 vols. folio. This was the first edition. A
+curious letter from Cave to Abp. Tenison respecting the assistance which
+H. Wharton furnished to this work is printed in Chalmers' _Biog. Dict._,
+vol. xxxi. p. 343.
+
+2. Geneva, 1693, folio.
+
+3. ------, 1694, folio.
+
+4. ------, 1705, folio.
+
+5. Coloniae Allobrogum, 1720, folio.
+
+6. Oxon. 1740-43, 2 vols. folio. Dr. Waterland rendered important aid in
+bringing out this edition, which Bp. Marsh pronounces "the best." It
+seems from some letters of Waterland's to John Loveday, Esq. (works by
+Van Mildert, 1843, vol. vi. p. 423-436.), that Chapman, a petty canon of
+Windsor, was the editor.
+
+7. Basil, 1741-5, 2 vols. folio. This is said to be an exact reprint
+from the Oxford edition.
+
+Watt and Dr. Clarke mention an edition, 1749, 2 vols. folio; but I
+cannot trace any copy of such edition.
+
+JOHN I. DREDGE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {280}
+
+SIR GAMMER VANS.
+
+In reply to C.'s inquiry (Vol. ii., p. 89.) as to a comic story about
+one _Sir Gammer Vans_, I have pleasure in communicating what little
+information I have on the subject. Some years ago, when I was quite a
+boy, the story was told me by an Irish clergyman, since deceased. He
+spoke of it as an old Irish tradition, but did not give his authority
+for saying so. The story, as he gave it, contained no allusion to an
+"aunt" or "mother." I do not know whether it will be worthy of
+publication: but here it is, and you can make what use of it you like:--
+
+    "Last Sunday morning at six o'clock in the evening, as I was
+    sailing over the tops of the mountains in my little boat, I met
+    two men on horseback riding on one mare: so I asked them 'Could
+    they tell me whether the little old woman was dead yet, who was
+    hanged last Saturday week for drowning herself in a shower of
+    feathers?' They said they could not positively inform me, but if
+    I went to Sir Gammar Vans he could tell me all about it. 'But
+    how am I to know the house?' said I. 'Ho, 'tis easy enough,'
+    said they, 'for it's a brick house, built entirely of flints,
+    standing alone by itself in the middle of sixty or seventy
+    others just like it.' 'Oh, nothing in the world is easier,' said
+    I. 'Nothing _can_ be easier,' said they: so I went on my way.
+    Now this Sir G. Vans was a giant, and bottlemaker. And as all
+    giants, who _are_ bottlemakers, usually pop out of a little
+    thumb bottle from behind the door, so did Sir G. Vans. 'How d'ye
+    do?' says he. 'Very well, thank you,' says I. 'Have some
+    breakfast with me?' 'With all my heart,' says I. So he gave me a
+    slice of beer, and a cup of cold veal; and there was a little
+    dog under the table that picked up all the crumbs. 'Hang him,'
+    says I. 'No, don't hang him,' says he; 'for he killed a hare
+    yesterday. And if you don't believe me, I'll show you the hare
+    alive in a basket.' So he took me into his garden to show me the
+    curiosities. In one corner there was a fox hatching eagle's
+    eggs; in another there was an iron apple tree, entirely covered
+    with pears and lead; in the third there was the hare which the
+    dog killed yesterday alive in the basket; and in the fourth
+    there were twenty-four _hipper switches_ threshing tobacco, and
+    at the sight of me they threshed so hard that they drove the
+    plug through the wall, and through a little dog that was passing
+    by on the other side. I, hearing the dog howl, jumped over the
+    wall; and turned it as neatly inside out as possible, when it
+    ran away as if it had not an hour to live. Then he took me into
+    the park to show me his deer: and I remembered that I had a
+    warrant in my pocket to shoot venison for his majesty's dinner.
+    So I set fire to my bow, poised my arrow, and shot amongst them.
+    I broke seventeen ribs on one side, and twenty-one and a half on
+    the other: but my arrow passed clean through without ever
+    touching it, and the worst was I lost my arrow; however, I found
+    it again in the hollow of a tree. I felt it: it felt clammy. I
+    smelt it; it smelt honey. 'Oh, ho!' said I, 'here's a bee's
+    nest,' when out sprung a covey of partridges. I shot at them;
+    some say I killed eighteen, but I am sure I killed thirty-six,
+    besides a dead salmon which was flying over the bridge, of which
+    I made the best apple pie I ever tasted."
+
+Such is the story: I can answer for its general accuracy. I am quite at
+sea as to the meaning and orthography of "hipper switches,"--having
+heard, not seen, the story.
+
+S.G.
+
+Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE COLLAR OF SS.
+
+(Vol. ii., pp. 89. 194. 248.)
+
+The Collar of SS. "is to this day a mystery to the most learned and
+indefatigable antiquaries," according to Mr. Planche, in his valuable
+little work on _The History of British Costume_: what has appeared in
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" certainly has not cleared away the obscurity.
+ARMIGER tells us (Vol. ii., p. 195.): "As to the derivation of the name
+of the collar from _Soverayne_; from St. Simplicius; from the martyrs of
+Soissons (viz. St. Crespin and St. Crespinian, upon whose anniversary
+the battle of Agincourt was fought); from the Countess of Salisbury;
+from the word _Souvenez_; and, lastly, from Seneschallus or Steward,
+(which latter is MR. NICHOLS' notion)--they may be regarded as mere
+monkish (?) or heraldic gossip." If the monastic writers had spoken
+anything on the matter, a doubt never would have existed: but none of
+them has even hinted at it. Never having seen the articles in the
+_Gentleman's Magazine_, I do not know MR. NICHOLS' reasons for supposing
+"Seneschallus or Steward" could have furnished an origin of the SS.; but
+I am at loss to think of any grounds upon which such a guess could rest.
+From the searches I have made upon this question, it seems to me that
+these SS. are taken as a short way of expressing the "SANCTUS, SANCTUS,
+SANCTUS" of the Salisbury liturgy and ritual. I hope soon to be able to
+lay before the public the documents out of which I draw this opinion, in
+a note to the third and forthcoming volume of _The Church of our
+Fathers_.
+
+D. ROCK.
+
+_Collar of SS._--To your list of persons _now_ privileged to wear these
+collars, I beg to add her Majesty's serjeant trumpeter, Thomas Lister
+Parker, Esq., to whom a silver collar of SS. has been granted. It is
+always worn by him or his deputy on state occasions.
+
+THOMAS LEWIS,
+
+Acting Serjeant Trumpeter.
+34. Mount Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+JOACHIN, THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR.
+(Vol. ii., p. 229.)
+
+Your correspondent AMICUS will I fear find very little information about
+this mysterious person in the writers of French history of the time.
+{281} He is thus mentioned in Cavendish's _Life of Wolsey_ (ed. 1825,
+vol. i. p. 73.):--
+
+    "The French king lying in his camp, sent secretly into England a
+    privy person, a very witty man, to entreat of a peace between
+    him and the king our sovereign lord, whose name was John
+    Joachin; he was kept as secret as might be, that no man had
+    intelligence of his repair; for he was no Frenchman, but an
+    Italian born, a man before of no estimation in France, or known
+    to be in favour with his master, but to be a merchant; and for
+    his subtle wit, elected to entreat of such affairs as the king
+    had commanded him by embassy. This Joachin, after his arrival
+    here in England, was secretly conveyed unto the king's manor of
+    Richmond, and there remained until Whitsuntide; at which time
+    the cardinal resorted thither, and kept there the said feast
+    very solemnly. In which season my lord caused this Joachin
+    divers times to dine with him, whose talk and behaviour seemed
+    to be witty, sober, and wondrous discreet."
+
+My note on this passage says:--
+
+    "The name of this person was Giovanni Joacchino Passano, a
+    Genoese; he was afterwards called Seigneur de Vaux. The emperor,
+    it appears, was informed of his being in England, and for what
+    purpose. The cardinal stated that Joacchino came over as a
+    merchant; and that as soon as he discovered himself to be sent
+    by the lady regent of France, he made De Praet (the emperor's
+    ambassador) privy thereto, and likewise of the answer given to
+    her proposals. The air of mystery which attached to this mission
+    naturally created suspicion; and, after a few months, De Praet,
+    in his letters to the emperor, and to Margaret, governess of the
+    Netherlands, expressed his surmise that all was not right,
+    alleging his reasons. His letters were intercepted by the
+    cardinal, and read before the council. Charles and Margaret
+    complained of the insult, and the cardinal explained as well as
+    he could: at the same time protesting against the
+    misinterpretation of De Praet, and assuring them that nothing
+    could be further from his wish than that any disunion should
+    arise between the king his master and the emperor; and
+    notwithstanding the suspicious aspect of this transaction, his
+    dispatches, both before and after this fracas, strongly
+    corroborate his assertions. Wolsey suspected that the Pope was
+    inclined toward the cause of Francis, and reminded him of his
+    obligations to Henry and Charles. The Pope had already taken the
+    alarm, and had made terms with the French king, but had
+    industriously concealed it from Wolsey, and at length urged in
+    his excuse that he had no alternative. Joacchino was again in
+    England upon a different mission, and was an eye-witness of the
+    melancholy condition of the cardinal when his fortunes were
+    reversed. He sympathised with him, and interested himself for
+    him with Francis and the queen dowager, as appears by his
+    letters published in _Legrand, Histoire du Divorce de Henry
+    VIII_."
+
+I think it is from this interesting book, which throws much light upon
+many of the intricate passages of the history of the times, that I
+derived my information. It is in all respects a work worth consulting.
+
+S.W. SINGER.
+
+
+REMAINS OF JAMES II.
+(Vol. ii., p. 243.).
+
+The following passage is transcribed from a communication relative to
+the Scotch College at Paris, made by the Rev. H. Longueville Jones to
+the _Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica_, 1841, vol. vii. p. 33.:--
+
+    "The king left his brains to this college; and, it used to be
+    said, other parts, but this is more doubtful, to the Irish and
+    English colleges at Paris. His heart was bequeathed to the Dames
+    de St. Marie at Chaillot, and his entrails were buried at St.
+    Germain-en-Laye, where a handsome monument has been erected to
+    his memory by order of George IV.; but the body itself was
+    interred in the monastery of English Benedictine Monks that once
+    existed in the Rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, close to the Val de
+    Grace. In this latter house, previous to the Revolution, the
+    following simple inscription marked where the monarch's body
+    lay:--
+
+    "'CI GIST JACQUES II. ROI DE LA GRANDE BRETAGNE.'"
+
+A monument to the king still exists in the chapel of the Scotch College
+(which is now leased to a private school), and the inscription, in
+Latin, written by James, Duke of Perth, is printed in the same volume of
+_Collectanea_, p. 35., followed by all the other inscriptions to James's
+adherents now remaining in that chapel.
+
+In a subsequent communication respecting the Irish College at Paris,
+made by the same gentleman, and printed in the same volume, at p. 113.
+are these remarks:--
+
+    "It is not uninteresting to add, that the body of James II. was
+    brought to this college after the destruction of the English
+    Benedictine Monastery adjoining the Val de Grace; and remained
+    for some years in a temporary tomb in one of the lecture halls,
+    then used as the chapel. It was afterwards removed; by whose
+    authority, and to what place, is not exactly known: but it is
+    considered not improbable that it was transported to the church
+    of St. Germain-en-Laye, and there buried under the monument
+    erected by George IV. Some additional light will probably be
+    thrown on this subject, in a work on the Stuarts now in course
+    of compilation."
+
+Has this work since appeared?
+
+J.G.N.
+
+
+_Interment of James II._--I remember reading in the French papers, in
+the year 1823 or 1824, a long account of the then recent exhumation and
+re-interment in another spot of the remains of James II. I was but a boy
+at the time, and neglected to make a "Note", which might now be valuable
+to you. I have not the least doubt, however, that the fact will be
+discovered on reference to a file of the _Etoile_, or any other of the
+Paris papers of one or other of the years above named.
+
+There is a marble monument erected in memory of James, in the chapel of
+the old Scotch College, in the Rue des Fosses Saint Victor. An urn of
+bronze, gilt, containing the king's brains, formerly {282} stood on the
+crown of this monument. The urn was smashed and the contents scattered
+over the ground, during the French Revolution. A much more important
+loss to posterity was incurred by the destruction of the manuscripts
+entrusted by James to the keeping of the brotherhood he loved. The trust
+is alluded to with mingled pride and affection in the noble and touching
+inscription on the royal monument.
+
+J.D.
+
+Earl's Court, Kensington.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HANDFASTING.
+(Vol. ii., p. 151.)
+
+Your correspondent J.M.G. has brought forward a curious subject, and one
+well deserving attention and illustration. A fair is said to have been
+held at the meeting of the Black and White Esks, at the foot of
+Eskdalemuir, in Dumfriesshire, when the singular custom of _Handfasting_
+was observed. The old statistical account of the parish says:
+
+    "At that fair it was the custom for unmarried persons of both
+    sexes to choose a companion according to their liking, whom they
+    were to live with till _that time next year_. This was called
+    _handfasting_, or hand-in-fist. If they were pleased with each
+    other at that time, then they continued together for life; if
+    not, they separated, and were free to make another choice as at
+    the first."
+
+John Maxwell, Esq., of Broomholm, in a letter (dated April 15th, 1796)
+to the Rev. Wm. Brown, D.D., of Eskdalemuir, says, in reference to this
+custom:
+
+    "No account can be given of the period at which the custom of
+    _handfasting_ commenced; but I was told by an old man, John
+    Murray, who died at the farm of Irvine (as you go from Langholm
+    to Canobie), and had formerly been a proprietor in Eskdaldemuir,
+    that he was acquainted with, or at least had seen an old man, I
+    think his name was Beattie, who was grandson to a couple who had
+    been handfasted. You perhaps know that _the children born under
+    the handfasting engagement were reckoned lawful children, and
+    not bastards_, though the parents did afterwards resile. This
+    custom of handfasting does not seem to have been peculiar to
+    your parish. Mention is made in some histories of Scotland that
+    Robert II. was _handfasted_ to Elizabeth More before he married
+    Euphemia Ross, daughter of Hugh, Earl of that name, by both of
+    whom he had children; his eldest son John, by Elizabeth More,
+    viz., King Robert III., commonly called Jock Ferngyear,
+    succeeded to the throne in preference to the sons of Euphemia,
+    his married wife. Indeed, after Euphemia's death, he married his
+    former handfasted wife Elizabeth."
+
+Sir J. Chardin observes that contracts for temporary wives are frequent
+in the East, which contracts are made before the Cadi with the formality
+of a measure of corn, mentioned over and above the stipulated sum of
+money.
+
+Baron du Tott's account of "Marriages by Capin," corroborated by Eastern
+travellers, corresponds with the custom of _Handfasting_. He says:
+
+    "There is another kind of marriage which, stipulating the return
+    to be made, fixes likewise the time when the divorce is to take
+    place. This contract is called _capin_: and, properly speaking,
+    is only an agreement between the parties to live together _for
+    such a price, during such a time_."
+
+This contract is a regular form of marriage, and is so regarded
+generally in the East.
+
+The Jews seem to have had a similar custom, which perhaps they borrowed
+from the neighbouring nations; at least the connexion formed by the
+prophet Hosea (chap. iii. 2.) bears a strong resemblance to
+_Handfasting_ and _Capin_.
+
+JARLTZBERG.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ADAM OF BREMEN'S JULIN.
+
+In reply to V. from Belgravia (Vol. ii., p. 230.), I am partially at a
+loss to know the exact bearing of his Query. Adam of Bremen's account of
+Julin is no _legend_, nor does he mention it at all as a _doomed city_.
+On the contrary, his description is that of a flourishing emporium of
+commerce, for which purpose he selects very strong superlatives, as in
+the following account (_De Situ Damae_, lib. ii. cap. ii.):
+
+    "Ultra Leuticos qui alio nomine Welzi dicuntur Oddera Flumen
+    occurrit; amnis dilectissimus Slavonicae regionis. In cujus
+    ostro, qui Scythicas alludet paludes, nobilissima civitas
+    Julinum celeberrimam Barbaris et Graecis qui in circuitu praestet
+    stationem. De cujus praeconio quia magna et vix credibilia
+    recitantur, volupe arbitror pauca inserere digna relata. Est
+    sane maxime omnium quas Europa claudit civitatum, quam incolunt
+    Slavi cum aliis gentibus Graecis et Barbaris. Nam et advenae
+    Saxones parem cohabitandi legem acceperunt, si tamen
+    Christianitatis titulum ibi morantes non publicaverint. Omnes
+    enim adhuc paganicis ritibus aberrant, ceterum moribus et
+    hospitalitate nulla gens honestior aut benignior poterit
+    inveniri. Urbs illa mercibus omnium septentrionalium nationum
+    locuples nihil non habet jucundi et rari."
+
+As Adam is supposed to have been a native and a priest at Magdeburg,
+whence he was translated by Archbishop Adalbert to a benefice in the
+cathedral of Bremen, he must, from his comparative proximity to the
+spot, be supposed a competent witness; and there is not reason to
+suppose why he should not have been also a creditable one. He died about
+1072, and the _legends_, if any, concerning this famous place, here
+described as the most extensive in Europe, must have been subsequently
+framed.
+
+For about one hundred years later (1184) we have from Helmold, the
+parish priest of Boesan, a small village on the eastern confines of
+Holstein, a repetition of Adam's words, for a place which he calls {283}
+"Veneta," but always in the past tense as, "quondam fuit nobilissima
+civitas," etc.; so that it is plain from that and his expression
+"excidium civitatis;" as well as, "Hanc civitatem opulentissimam quidam
+Danorum rex, maxima classe stipatus, fundetus evertisse refertur." The
+great question is, Where was this great city? and, are the _Julin_ of
+Adam and the _Veneta_ of Helmold identical? Both questions have given
+rise to endless discussions amongst German archaeologists. The published
+maps, as late at least as the end of the last century, had a note at a
+place in the Baltic, opposite to the small town of Demmin, in
+Pomerania:--"Hic Veneta emporium olim celeberr. aequar. aestu absorpt."
+Many, perhaps the majority, of recent writers contend for the town of
+Wallin, which gives its name to one of the islands by which the Stettin
+Haff is formed,--though the slight verbal conformity seems to be their
+principal ground; for no _rudera_, no vestiges of ancient grandeur now
+mark the spot, not even a tradition of former greatness: whilst Veneta,
+which can only be taken to mean the _civitas_ of the Veneti, a nation
+placed by Tacitus on this part of the coast, has a long unbroken chain
+of oral evidence in its favour, as close to Rugen; and, if authentic
+records are to be credited, ships have been wrecked in the last century
+on ancient moles or bulwarks, which then rose nearly to the surface from
+the submerged ruins. But the subject is much too comprehensive for the
+compressed notices of your miscellany. I hope to have shortly an
+opportunity of treating the subject at large in reference to the
+Schiringsheal which Othere described to King Alfred, about two hundred
+years earlier.
+
+An edition of Adam and Helmold is very desirable in England, even in a
+translations as a part of Bohn's _Antiquarian Series_.
+
+WILLIAM BELL, PH. D.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.
+
+_Bess of Hardwick_ (Vol. i., p. 276.).--The following particulars in
+answer to this Query will, I hope, elicit some further information from
+other quarters. I have, in my answer, attempted to be as brief as
+possible.
+
+John, the fifth recorded Hardwick, of Hardwick, left issue, by Elizabeth
+Leake, six children: of whom JAMES (or John) was thrice married, and
+died _sine prole_, and DOROTHY died an infant: the four remaining
+daughters became coheiresses.
+
+Of these MARY HARDWICK married (his first wife) Richard Wingfield, of
+Wantisden, seventh son of Sir Anthony Wingfield, of Letheringham, co.
+Suffolk, K.G. His will was proved in London 14th August, 1591. Their
+eldest son _Henry_ was of Crowfield, co. Suffolk. His great-grandson,
+_Harbottle Wingfield_, of Crowfield, was living 1644, and his
+descendants, if any, may quarter Hardwick. Their second son, _Anthony
+Wingfield_, was the well-known Greek reader to Queen Elizabeth; and
+their third son, _Sir John Wingfield_, married Susan Bertie, Countess
+Dowager of Kent, and left _Peregrin Wingfield_, of whom nothing is
+recorded.
+
+JANE HARDWICK, next daughter, married Godfrey Bosvile of Gunthwaite and
+Beighton, co. Ebor. His will is dated 22nd July, 1580. Their eldest
+child, _Francis Bosvile_, left only daughter, Grace Bosvile, who died
+young. His three sisters became coheirs, but the estate of Gunthwaite
+went to an uncle, ancestor of the present Godfrey Bosvile, Lord
+Macdonald. Of these sisters, _Frances Bosvile_ married John Savile;
+_Dorothy Bosvile_, John Lacy; and _Elizabeth Bosvile_, John Copley:
+either they had no children, or these died young. _Mary Bosvile_, the
+second daughter and coheir, married Richard Burdett, of Derby, living
+1612. Their son, _George Burdett_, had by his first wife a son, whose
+issue failed; and by his second wife two daughters, eventually coheirs.
+
+Of these. _Mary Burdett_ married, first, Richard Pilkington, and second,
+Sir T. Beaumont, of Whitby: and _another sister_ married--Ramsden. No
+issue of either are recorded. The third sister, _Elizabeth Burdett_,
+married, at Hoyland, 6th Feb., 1636, the Rev. Daniel Clark, A.M., and
+died 27th Aug., 1679, at Fenney-Compton. Their great-grandson and sole
+male representative was the late _Joseph Clark_ of Northampton, whose
+descendants also quarter Hardwick.
+
+ELIZABETH HARDWICK, the next daughter, was the celebrated Countess of
+Shrewsbury. Her _representatives_ are all noble, and their pedigrees may
+be found in the Peerages. They are--
+
+1. _The Duke of Devonshire_, representing Wm. Cavendish, first earl.
+
+Certain descendants of Sir Charles Cavendish, of Welbeck Abbey, or
+rather of his grandson, Henry, second Duke of Newcastle, namely,
+
+2. The _Duke of Portland_, representing Margaret Pelham, the Duke's
+eldest coheir;
+
+3. The _Marquis of Salisbury_ from Catherine, and second coheir;
+
+4. The _Earl De la Warr_; and
+
+5. The _Earl of Aboyne_, are the coheirs of Sir Charles Cope, Baronet,
+of Orton; who represented Arabella, Countess of Sunderland, third
+coheir. These five all quarter Hardwick.
+
+ALICE HARDWICK, next daughter, married Francis Hercy, according to some
+pedigrees. No issue recorded.
+
+There are therefore descendants certainly known of only two of the
+children of John Hardwick. Possibly some of your correspondents can
+supply those of Wingfield and Hercy.
+
+The crest and arms of the Hardwicks may be found in Edmondson. They only
+quartered Pynchbeke. I am not aware of any motto. {284}
+
+Miss Costello, and other biographers of the Countess of Shrewsbury, have
+quite overlooked all the descendants of her sisters. Possibly, should
+these lines meet the eye of the Duke of Devonshire, who possesses the
+estates and papers of the Hardwicks, it may lead to more particulars
+concerning the family being made public.
+
+ERMINE.
+
+Torquay.
+
+
+_Quotations in Bishop Andrewes_ (Vol. ii., p. 245.).--
+
+  "Minutuli et patellares Dei."
+
+is from Plautus:
+
+  "Di me omnes magni minutique et patellarii."
+  _Cistell._ II. 1. 46.
+
+and
+
+  "Sed quae de septem totum circumspicit orbem
+  Collibus, imperii Roma Deumque locus."
+
+is from Ovid (_Trist_. I. 5. 69.).
+
+J.E.B MAYOR.
+
+Marlborough College.
+
+
+_The Sun Feminine in English_ (Vol. ii., p. 21).--MR. COX may perhaps be
+pleased to learn _why_ the northern nations made the sun feminine. The
+ancient Germans and Saxons--
+
+    "When they discovered how the sun by his heat and influence
+    excited venereal love in creatures subserviant to his dominion,
+    they then varied his sex, and painted him like a woman, because
+    in them that passion is most impotent, and yet impetuous; on her
+    head they placed a myrtle crown or garland to denote her
+    dominion, and that love should be alwaies verdant as the myrtle;
+    in one hand she supported the world, and in the other three
+    golden apples, to represent that the world and its wealth are
+    both sustained by love. The three golden apples signified the
+    threefold beauty of the sun, exemplified in the morning,
+    meridian, and evening; on her breast was lodged a burning torch,
+    to insinuate to us the violence of the flame of love which
+    scorches humane hearts."--_Philipot's Brief and Historical
+    Discourse of the Original and Growth of Heraldry_, pp. 12, 13.
+    London, 1672.
+
+T.H. KERSLEY
+
+King William's College, Isle of Man.
+
+_Carpatio_ (Vol. ii., p. 247.).--Your Querist must be little versed in
+early Italian art, not to know that Vittore Carpaccio (such is the
+correct spelling) was one of the morning stars of the Venetian school;
+and his search must have been somewhat careless, as Carpaccio and his
+works are fully described in Kugler's _Handbook_, p. 149., and in Lanzi.
+Some exquisite figures of his, of which Mrs. Jameson has given a St.
+Stephen in her _Legendary Art_, exist in the Brera at Milan. He is a
+painter not sufficiently known in England, but one whom it may be hoped
+the Arundel Society will introduce by their engravings. I cannot assist
+J.G.N. in explaining the subject of his engraving. May _Cornubioe_ be by
+error for _Cordubioe_?
+
+CLERICUS.
+
+
+_The Character_ "&".--This character your correspondent will at once see
+is only the Latin word "et", written in a flourishing form; as we find
+it repeated in the abbreviation "&c.," for "et cetera". Its adoption as
+a contraction for the English word "and", arose, no doubt, from the
+facility of its formation; and the name it acquired was "and-per
+se-and", "and by itself and," which is easily susceptible of the
+corruptions noticed by MR. LOWER.
+
+[Greek: PHI].
+
+
+_Walrond Family_ (Vol. ii., p. 206.).--Burke, in his _History of the
+Commoners_, only gives the name of George, _one_ of the sons of Colonel
+Humphry Walrond. He also states that the colonel married _Elizabeth_,
+daughter of Nathaniel Napier, Esq., of More Critchel. Now Colonel
+Walrond appears from his petition (Royalist Comp. Papers, State Paper
+Office) dated 12th February, 1648, addressed to the Commissioners for
+Compounding with Delinquents, to have had _nine_ other children then
+living. He states: "Thus his eldest sonne George Walrond did absente
+himselfe for a short time from his father's house, and went into the
+king's army, where he unfortunately lost his right arme. That he having
+no estate at present, and but little in expectancy after his father's
+death, _he having ten_ children, and all _nine_ to be provided for out
+of y'e petitioner's small estate." In a similar petition, dated about
+two years later, from "_Grace_, the wife of Humphry Walrond, of Sea, in
+the county of Somerset, Esquire," she states "herself to be weake woman,
+and _having_ TEN children (whereof many are infants) to maintain." That
+he was married to this _Grace_, and _not to Elizabeth_ (as stated by
+Burke), as early as 1634, is clear from a licence to alienate certain
+lands at Ilminster, 10 Ch. I. (_Pat. Rolls_.)
+
+That they were both living in 1668 is proved by a petition in the State
+Paper Office (Read in Council, Ap. 8, 1688. Trade Papers, Verginia, No.
+I. A.):--"To the King's most excellent Ma'tie and the rt. hon'ble the
+Lords of his Maj. most hon'ble Privy Councel," from "Grace, the wife of
+Humphry Walrond, Esq." In this petition she states that her husband had
+been very severely prosecuted by Lord Willoughby, whose sub-governor he
+had been in Barbadoes. "He had contracted many debts by reason of his
+loyalty and suffering in the late troubles, to the loss of at least
+thirty thousand pounds." "That his loyalty and sufferings are
+notoriously known, both in this kingdom and the Barbadoes, where he was
+banished for proclaiming your Ma'tie after the murder of your royal
+father." Colonel Walrond is mentioned by Clarendon, Rushworth,
+Whitelock, &c.; but of the date of his death, the maiden name of his
+wife, and the Christian names of all his ten children, I can find no
+account.
+
+The arms S.S.S. inquires about on the monument {285} of Humphry Walrond,
+Esq., in Ilminster Church, are those of the family of Brokehampton.
+Humphry Walrond (who died 1580) married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir
+of John Brokehampton., of Sea, and so obtained that estate.
+
+W. DOWNING BRUCE.
+
+Middle Temple.
+
+
+_Blackguard_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--An early instance of the use of this
+word occurs in a letter from Richard Topcliffe (Aug. 30, 1578), printed
+in Lodge's _Illustrations_, vol. ii. p. 188. I quote from Mr. Jardine's
+_Criminal Trials_, vol. ii. p. 13.: "His house, Euston, far unmeet for
+her Highness, but fitter for the _Black Guard_."
+
+It also occurs in Fuller's _Church History_ (Book ix. cent. xvi. sect.
+vii. Sec. 35. vol. v. p. 160. ed. Brewer):--"For who can otherwise conceive
+but such a prince-principal of darkness must be proportionably attended
+with a _black guard_ of monstrous opinions?"
+
+J.E.B. MAYOR.
+
+
+_Scala Coeli_ (Vol. i., pp. 366. 402. 455.).--Maundrell mentions, "at
+the coming out of Pilate's house, a descent, where was anciently the
+_Scala Sancta_." (_Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem_, p. 107.) This holy
+or heavenly stair was that by which the Redeemer was led down, by order
+of Pilate, according to the legend, and afterwards was, among other
+relics, carried to Rome. It is now in the Church of St. John Lateran,
+whither it is said to have been brought by St. Helena from Jerusalem.
+Pope Alexander Vl., and his successor Julius, granted to the Chapel of
+St. Mary built by King Henry VII., in Westminster Abbey--
+
+    "Easdem indulgencias et peccatorum remissiones ... quas
+    Celebrantes pro Defunctis in Capella _Scala Coeli_ nuncupata in
+    Ecclesia Trium Fontium extra muros Urbis Cisterciensis Ordinis
+    ... consequuntur."
+
+This indulgence of Pope Julius was dated in the year 1504; and its
+intention of drawing thither pilgrims and offerings was fully realised,
+we may believe: for in the year 1519 we find the brotherhood of St. Mary
+of Rouncevall by Charing Cross paying:--
+
+    "To the keper of Scala Celi in the Abby ... vjd."
+
+(See Rymer's _Foedera_, tom. v. pt. iv.; and Dugdale's _Monasticon_,
+vol. i. p. 320.)
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. Oxon.
+
+
+_Sitting during the Lessons_ (Vol. ii., p. 46.).--With respect to L.'s
+Query respecting sitting during the Lessons, I can venture no remarks;
+but the custom of standing during the reading of the Gospel is very
+ancient. In the mass of St. Chrysostom the priest exclaims, "Stand up,
+let us hear the holy Gospel." (Goar, _Rituale Graecorum_, p. 69.) The
+same custom appears in the Latin Liturgy of St. Basil:--"Cumque
+interpres Evangelii dicit 'State cum timore Dei' convertitur Sacerdos ad
+occidentem," etc. (_Renaudot_, vol. i. p. 7. Vide also "Liturgy of St.
+Mark," _Ren_. vol. i. p. 126.) The edition of Renaudot's _Liturgies_ is
+the reprint in 1847.
+
+N.E.R. (a subscriber).
+
+
+_Sitting during the Lessons._--There is no doubt, I believe, that in
+former times the people stood when the minister read the Lessons, to
+show their reverence. It is recorded in Nehemiah, viii. 5.:
+
+    "And Ezra opened the Book in the sight of all the people (for he
+    was above all the people), and when he opened it all the people
+    _stood_ up."
+
+Why this practice should have been altered, or why our Rubric should be
+silent on this head, does not appear quite clear, though I find in
+Wheatley (_On the Book of Common Prayer_, chap. vi. sec. vi.) that which
+seems to me to be a very sufficient reason, if not for the sitting
+during the Lessons, certainly for the standing during the reading of the
+Gospel, and sitting during the Epistle:--
+
+    "In St. Augustine's time the people always stood when the
+    lessons were read, to show their reverence to God's holy word:
+    but afterwards, when this was thought too great a burden, they
+    were allowed to sit down at the lessons, and were only obliged
+    to _stand_ at the reading of the Gospel; which always contains
+    something that Our Lord did speak, or suffered in His own
+    person. By which gesture they showed they had a greater respect
+    to the Son of God himself than they had to any other inspired
+    person, though speaking the word of God, and by God's
+    authority."
+
+WALTER MONTAGUE
+
+
+_Aerostation, Works on_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.).--To the numerous list of
+works on Aerostation which will no doubt be communicated to you in
+answer to the inquiry of C.B.M., I beg to add the following small
+contribution:--
+
+"Saggio Aereonautico di Giuseppe Donini Tifernate," 8vo. pp. 92. With
+four large folding Plates. Firenze 1819.
+
+Signor Donini also published in 1823 (in Citta di Castello per il
+Donati) the following pamphlet:--
+
+"Circolare Areonautico (sic) Guiseppe Dolini d Citta di Castello a tutti
+i dotti, e ricchi nazionali, stranieri. 8vo." pp. 16. Oxford.
+
+J.M.
+
+
+_Aerostation._--Your correspondent C.B.M. (Vol. ii., p. 199.) will find
+some curious matter of _aerostation_ in poor Colonel Maceroni's
+_Autobiography_, 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+W.C.
+
+
+_Pole Money_ (Vol. ii., p. 231.).--The "pole money" alluded to in the
+extracts given by T.N.I., was doubtless the poll tax, which was revived
+in the reign of Charles II. Every one {286} knows that at an earlier
+period of our history it gave rise to Wat Tyler's insurrection. The tax
+was reimposed several times during the reign of William III. and it
+appears from a statement of the Lords in a conference which took place
+with the Commons on the subject in the first of William's reign, that
+the tax, previously to that time, was last imposed in the 29th of
+Charles II.
+
+C. ROSS.
+
+
+_Wormwood Wine_ (Vol. ii., p. 242.).--If, as MR. SINGER supposes,
+"Eisell was absynthites, or wormwood wine, a nauseously bitter
+medicament then much in use," Pepys' friends must have had a very
+singular taste, for he records, on the 24th November, 1660,--
+
+    "Creed and Shepley, and I, to the Rhonish wine house, and there
+    I did give them two quarts of wormwood wine."
+
+Perhaps the beverage was doctored for the English market, and rendered
+more palatable than it had been in the days of Stuckius.
+
+BRAYBROOKE.
+
+
+_Darvon Gatherall_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.).--Dervel Gadarn (vulgarly
+miscalled Darvel Gatheren) was son or grandson of Hywel or Hoel, son to
+Emyr of Britany. He was the founder of Llan-dervel Church, in Merioneth,
+and lived early in the sixth century. The destruction of his image is
+mentioned in the _Letters on the Suppression of Monasteries_, Nos. 95.
+and 101. Some account of it also exists in Lord Herbert's _Henry VIII._,
+which I cannot refer to. I was not aware his name had ever undergone
+such gross and barbarous corruption as _Darvon Gatherall_.
+
+A.N.
+
+
+_Darvon Gatherall_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.), or _Darvel Gatheren_, is spoken
+of in Sir H. Ellis's _Original Letters_, Series III., Letter 330. Hall's
+_Chronicle_, p. 826. ed. 1809.
+
+J.E.B. MAYOR.
+
+
+_Darvon Gatherall._--I send you an extract from Southey's _Common-place
+Book_, which refers to Darvon Gatherall. Southey had copied it from
+Wordworth's _Ecclesiastical Biography_, where it is given as quotation
+from Michael Wodde, who wrote in 1554. He says:--
+
+    "Who could, twenty years agone, say the Lord's Prayer in
+    English?... If we were sick of the pestilence, we ran to St.
+    Rooke: if of the ague, to St. Pernel, or Master John Shorne. If
+    men were in prison, they prayed to St. Leonard. If the Welshman
+    would have a purse, he prayed to _Darvel Gathorne_. If a wife
+    were weary of a husband, she offered oats at Poules; at London,
+    to St. Uncumber."
+
+Can any of your readers inform me who St. Uncumber was?
+
+PWCCA.
+
+
+    [Poules is St. Paul's. The passage from Michael Wodde is quoted
+    in Ellis' _Brand_, vol. i. p. 202. edit. 1841.]
+
+
+_Angels' Visits_ (Vol. i., p. 102.).--WICCAMECUS will find in Norris's
+_Miscellanies_, in a poem "To the Memory of my dear Neece, M.C." (Stanza
+X. p. 10. ed. 1692), the following lines:--
+
+  "No wonder such a noble mind
+  Her way to heaven so soon could find:
+  Angels, as 'tis but seldom they appear,
+  So neither do they make long stay;
+  They do but visit, and away."
+
+Mr. Montgomery (_Christian Poet_) long ago compared this passage with
+those cited by WICCAMECUS.
+
+J.E.B. MAYOR.
+
+
+_Antiquity of Smoking_ (Vol. ii., pp. 41. 216.).--On that interesting
+subject, "The Antiquity of Smoking," I beg to contribute the following
+"Note," which I made some years ego, but unfortunately without a
+reference to the author:--
+
+    "Some fern was evidently in use among the ancients: for
+    Athenaeus, in his first book, quotes from the Greek poet,
+    Crobylus, these words:--
+
+      [Greek:
+      'Kai ton larung haedista purio temachiois
+      Kaminos, ouk anthropos.']
+
+      'And I will sweetly burn my throat with cuttings:
+      A chimney, not a man!'
+
+    "Now as, in a preceding line, the smoker boasts of his 'Idaean
+    fingers,' it is plain that every man rolled up his sharoot for
+    himself."
+
+H.G.
+
+
+_Antiquity of Smoking_ (Vol. ii., p. 216.).--_Herod_. lib. i. sec. 36.
+is referred to for some illustration, I suppose, of smoking through
+tubes. _Herodotus_ supplies nothing: perhaps _Herodian_ may be meant,
+though not very likely. Herb smoking was probably in use in Europe long
+before tobacco. But direct authority seems sadly wanting.
+
+SANDVICENSIS.
+
+
+"_Noli me tangere_" (Vol. ii., pp. 153. 219. 250.).--In a New Testament
+published by the Portusian Bible Society is a small ill-executed print,
+called "Christ appearing to Mary," copied from a picture by C. Ciguani.
+
+WEDSECNARF.
+
+
+_Partrige Family_ (Vol. ii., p. 230.).--Mr. Partrige's reference to
+Strype's _Ecclesiastical Memorials_ is quite unintelligible to those who
+have not access to the Oxford _reprint_ of that work. The reprint (I
+wish that in all other reprints a similar course was adopted) gives the
+paging of the original folio edition. I submit, therefore, that Mr.
+Partrige should have stated that the note he has made is from Strype's
+_Ecclesiastical Memorials_, vol. ii. p. 310.
+
+The grant to which Mr. Partrige refers is, I dare say, on the Patent
+Roll, 7 Edw. VI., which may be inspected at the Public Record Office,
+Rolls Chapel, on payment of a fee of 1s., with liberty to take a copy or
+extract in pencil gratuitously or a plain copy may be obtained at the
+rate of 6d. a folio.
+
+The act of 1 Mary, for the restitution in blood of the heirs of Sir
+Miles Partrige, if not given in the {287} large edition of the Statutes,
+printed by the Record Commissioners, may no doubt be seen at the
+Parliament Office, near the House of Lords, on payment of the fee of 5s.
+
+I believe I am correct in saying that no debates of that session are
+extant; but the proceedings on the various bills may probably be traced
+in the journals of the two Houses of Parliament, which are printed and
+deposited in most of our great public libraries.
+
+C.H. Cooper.
+
+Cambridge, Sept. 7, 1850
+
+
+_City Offices._--The best account of the different public offices of the
+city of London, with their duties, etc., that I know of, your
+correspondent A CITIZEN (Vol. ii., p. 216.) will find in the _Reports of
+the Municipal Corporation Commissioners_.
+
+W.C.
+
+
+_Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood_ (Vol. ii., p. 266.).--The
+claim set up on behalf of Father Paul to the honour of Harvey's
+discovery, which is noticed by your correspondent W.W.B., is
+satisfactorily disposed of in the life of Harvey in the _Biographia
+Britannica_, iv. 2548., note C. Harvey gave a copy of his treatise _De
+Motu Cordis_ to the Venetian ambassador in England. On his return home
+the ambassador lent the book to Father Paul, who made some extracts from
+it. After Father Paul's death, he was thought to be the author of these
+extracts and hence the story which your correspondent quotes. It might
+occasionally be convenient if your correspondents could make _a little_
+inquiry before they send off their letters to you.
+
+Beruchino.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+All who love the shady side of Pall Mall, and agree with Dr. Johnson
+that the tide of human enjoyment flows higher at Charing Cross than in
+any other part of the globe, will gladly welcome Mr. Jesse's recently
+published volumes entitled _London and its Celebrities_. They are
+pleasant, gossiping and suggestive, and as the reader turns over page
+after page of the historical recollections and personal anecdotes which
+are associated with the various localities described by Mr. Jesse, he
+will doubtless be well content to trust the accuracy of a guide whom he
+finds so fluent and so intelligent, and approve rather than lament the
+absence of those references to original authorities which are looked for
+in graver histories. The work is written after the style of Saint Foix'
+_Rues de Paris_, which Walpole once intended to imitate; and is executed
+with a tact which will no doubt render it very acceptable to those for
+whom it has been written, namely those persons whose avocations of
+business or pleasure lead them to traverse the thoroughfares of the
+great metropolis; and to whom it points out in a manner which we have
+correctly designated gossiping, pleasant, and suggestive, "such sites
+and edifices as have been rendered classical by the romantic or literary
+associations of past times."
+
+Messrs. Williams and Norgate have forwarded to us a Catalog of an
+extensive Collection of Books, the property of a distinguished
+physician, which are to be sold by auction in Berlin on the 21st of
+October. The library, which was forty years in forming, is remarkable
+for containing, besides numerous rare works in Spanish, Italian, French,
+and English Literature, a curious series of works connected with the
+American aborigines; and a most extensive collection of works on the
+subjects of Prison Discipline, Poor Laws, and those other great social
+questions which are now exciting such universal attention.
+
+We have received the following Catalogues: J. Miller's (43. Chandos
+Street, Trafalgar Square) Catalogue No. 11, for 1850 of Books Old and
+New, including a large Number of scarce and curious Works on Ireland,
+its Antiquities, Topography, and History; W. Heath's (29-1/2. Lincoln's
+Inn Fields) Catalogue No. 5. for 1850 of Valuable Second-hand Books in
+all Departments of Literature.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE
+
+TRANSLATION OF THE FRENCH LETTERS IN THE APPENDIX TO FOX'S HISTORY OF
+JAMES II. 4to. 1808 HUTTON'S (W.) ROMAN WALL, 8vo. 1801
+
+---- BARBERS, a Poem. 8vo. 1793 (Genuine edition, not the facsimile
+copy.)
+
+---- EDGAR AND ELPRIDA, 8vo. 1794
+
+Odd Volumes.
+
+BEYAN'S DICTIONARY OF PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS, 4to. London, 1816. Vol. I.
+
+SULLY'S MEMOIRS, Eight Volumes in French. London, 1763. Vol. II LES
+AVENTURES DE GIL BLAS. London, 1749. Vols. I and II.
+
+Letters, stating particulars and lowest prices, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to Mr. Dell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186 Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
+
+_Volume the First of Notes and Queries, with Title-page and very copius
+Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by
+order, of all Booksellers and newsmen._
+
+_The Monthly Part for September, being the Fourth of Vol. II, is also
+now ready, price 1s._
+
+_Notes and Queries may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: so
+that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in
+receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not
+yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in
+their Saturday parcels._
+
+_S.G. (C.C. Coll., Camb.), who writes respecting the History of Edward
+II., is refered to our First Volume, pp. 59. 91. 220._
+
+A Student of History. _The Oxford Chronological Tables published by
+Talboys, and now to be had of Bohn, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, at
+the reduced price of One Guinea, is, we believe, the best work of the
+kind referred to by our correspondent._
+
+S.S. _The Query respecting Pope's lines_,--"Welcome the coming, speed
+the parting guest," _has been answered. See_ No. 42. p. 188.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {288}
+
+ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
+
+26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, Sept. 23, 1850.
+
+At an ordinary meeting of the Central Committee of the Archaeological
+Institute, the President in the chair, it was unanimously
+"Resolved--That the Committee, having taken into consideration the
+Resolution of the British Archaeological Association, passed at their
+congress at Manchester, and also that of their Council of the 4th of
+September, and communicated by the President of the Association to the
+President of the Institute, are of opinion that the position and
+prospects of the Institute are such as to render inexpedient any
+essential modifications of it's existing rules and managements.
+
+"The Committee disclaim all unfriendly feeling towards the Association:
+they are of opinion that the field of Archaeology is sufficiently wide
+for the operations of several societies without discord; but if the
+members of the Archaeological Association should be disposed to unite
+with the Institute, the Central Committee will cordially receive them on
+the terms announced in their advertisement of September 9th, which was
+intended to be conciliatory, feeling assured that such a course cannot
+fail to meet with the entire approbation of the members of the
+Institute."
+
+By order of the Central Committee,
+
+H. BOWYER LANE, _Secretary_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,
+
+No. CLXXIV., will be published on Wednesday, October 2nd.
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+I.    TICKNOR'S HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE.
+II.   CHURCH AND EDUCATION IN WALES.
+III.  FORMS OF SALUTATION.
+IV.   SILURIA AND CALIFORNIA.
+V.    MORE ON THE LITERATURE OF GREECE.
+VI.   METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY.
+VII.  ANECDOTES OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.
+VIII. COCHRANE'S YOUNG ITALY.
+IX.   LAST DAYS OF LOUIS PHILIPPE.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Will be published on the 1st of November, 1850, with the other
+Almanacks,
+
+THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC REGISTER AND ALMANACK for 1850. Price 3s.
+6d.
+
+Dedicated by especial permission to H.R.H. Prince Albert, by J.W.G.
+GUTCH, M.R.C.S L., F.L.S.;
+
+Containing a condensed mass of scientific and useful information alike
+valuable to the student and man of science.
+
+Tenth Yearly issue.
+
+Published by D. Bogue, Fleet Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for OCTOBER will contain the following
+articles:--
+
+The Antiquities of Richborough, Reculver, and Lymne (with
+Engravings)--Original Letters of Miss Jane Porter and Count
+Suwarrow--Facts for a new Biographia Britannica--Origin of Newspapers in
+Germany--Memoir of Vauvanargues--Coronation Stone at
+Kingston-upon-Thames (with an Engraving)--The Burkes not concerned in
+Junius--Works of the Van Liugs in Painted Glass--Dr. Chalmers at
+Glasgow--Great Literary Piracy in the Prayer-book of the Ecclesiastical
+History Society--The new One-Hundred-and-fifty-three-Volume Catalogue of
+the British Museum. With Notes of the Month, Literary and Antiquarian
+Intelligence, Historical Chronicle, and Obituary, including Memoirs of
+Louis Philippe, Viscount Newark, Rt. Hon. C. Arbuthnot, Dr. Prout Dr.
+Bromet, John Roby, Esq., John Brumell, Esq., &c., &c. Price 2s. 6d.
+
+NICHOLS AND SON, 25. Parliament-street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Now Ready, 8vo., 3s.,
+
+AN EXAMINATION OF THE CENTURY QUESTION: to which is added, A Letter to
+the Author of "Outlines of Astronomy," respecting a certain peculiarity
+of the Gregorian System of Bissextile compensation.
+
+  "Judicio perpende: et si tibi vera videntur,
+   DEDE MANUS."                       Lucret.
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Lately Published, 8vo., price 12s.
+
+SYNOPSIS Of the DOCTRINE of BAPTISM, REGENERATION, CONVERSION, &c. From
+the Fathers and other Writers, to the End of the Fourth Century by J.A.
+WICKHAM, Esq. With a PREFACE, by the Rev. H.D. WICKHAM, M.A., late of
+Exeter College, Oxford.
+
+"Without saying that such an elaborate Collection is necessary, we may
+remark on its great utility, and express our hope that Mr. Wickham's
+labours will be appreciated by the public. It is curious that he should
+have begun, sixteen years ago, a compilation whose publication is so
+very appropriate to the present moment."--_Guardian_.
+
+"As an editor Mr. Wickham has shown much good taste, patience, and
+discernment. Further, he has written a very sensible introductory
+chapter on the use and authority of the Fathers".--_Church and State
+Gazette_.
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 1st of October, No. I., price 2s. 6d.
+
+DETAILS Of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE,
+
+measured and drawn from existing Examples, by J.K. COLLING, Architect.
+The work is intended to illustrate those features which have not been
+given in Messrs. Brandon's "Analysis:" it will be uniform with that
+work, and also the "Gothic Ornaments". Each Number will contain five
+4to. Plates, and be continued monthly.
+
+D. BOGUE, Fleet Street: sold also by G. BELL, Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Preparing for Publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.
+
+THE FOLK-LORE Of ENGLAND. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the
+Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances", "Lays and Legends of
+all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new
+contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore, and especially
+some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in
+the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries.
+
+Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and
+Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and
+will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to
+the care of Mr. BELL, Office of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Edited by W.F. HOOK, D.D.--Now ready, Third and Cheaper Edition, price
+3s. cloth, 6s. 6d. morocco,
+
+VERSES FOR HOLY SEASONS. BY C.F.H., Author of "The Baron's Little
+Daughters," "Moral Songs and Hymns for Little Children."
+
+"An unpretending and highly useful book, suggestive of right thoughts at
+the right season."--_English Journal of Education_.
+
+R. SLOCOMBE, Leeds; GEORGE BELL, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Just published, 3s. each plain; 4s. tinted. Parts 15. and 16. of
+
+RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, from Drawings by JOHN JOHNSON
+Architect, F.S.A. Lithographed by Alfred Newman.
+
+Contents:--
+
+Hedon Church, Yorkshire; Desborough, Northamptonshire; Molton,
+Lincolnshire; Bingham, Notts; Billingborough, Lincolnshire; St. John
+Devizes, Wiltshire; Aumsby, Lincolnshire; Terrington St. Clements,
+Norfolk.
+
+To be completed in Twenty Parts.
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK STRAW, Of NO. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5.
+New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL,, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of
+St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186.
+Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 28. 1850.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 48,
+Saturday, September 28, 1850, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
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