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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 48, Saturday,
+September 28, 1850, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 48, Saturday, September 28, 1850
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: September 15, 2004 [EBook #13463]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David
+King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 48.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {273}
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+NOTES:--
+  Riots in London. 273
+  Satirical Poems on William III. 275
+  Shakspeare's Grief and Frenzy, by C. Forbes. 275
+  Etymological Notes. 276
+  Mistakes in Gibbon. by Rev. J.E.B. Mayor. 276
+  Minor Notes. History of Saracens--Hippopotamus--America--Pascal's
+  Letters--Parson's Epigram. 277
+
+QUERIES:--
+  "Orkneyinga Saga". 278
+  Minor Queries:--Incumbents of Church Livings--York
+    Buildings Company--Saying ascribed to Montaigne--"Modum
+    Promissionis"--Roman Catholic Theology--Wife of Edward
+    the Outlaw--Conde's "Arabs in Spain". 278
+
+REPLIES:--
+  Cave's Historia Literaria, by Rev. Dr. Maitland. 279
+  Sir Garamer Vans. 280
+  Collar of SS., by Dr. Rock. 280
+  Joachin, the French Ambassador, by S.W. Singer. 280
+  Remains of James II. 281
+  Handfasting. 282
+  Adam of Bremen's Julin, by Dr. Bell. 282
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--Bess of Hardwick--Bishop
+    Andrewes--The Sun Feminine--Carpatio--Character
+    "&"--Walrond Family--Blackguard--Scala Coeli--Sitting
+    during the Lessons--Aërostation--Pole Money--Wormwood
+    Wine--Darvon Gatherall--Angels' Visits--Antiquity of
+    Smoking--"Noli me tangere"--Partrige Family--City
+    Offices--Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood. 283
+
+MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 287
+  Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 287
+  Notices to Correspondents. 287
+  Advertisements. 288
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+RIOTS OF LONDON.
+
+Seventy years having passed away since the riots of London, there cannot
+be many living who remember them, and still fewer who were personally in
+contact with the tumultuous throng. Under such circumstances, I venture
+to offer for introduction into your useful and entertaining miscellany
+some incidents connected with that event in which I was either
+personally an actor or spectator--things not in themselves important,
+yet which may be to some of your readers acceptable and interesting as
+records of bygone days.
+
+The events of 1780, in themselves so terrific, were well adapted to be
+written indelibly on the memory of a young, and ardent boy. At any age
+they would have been engraved as with an iron pen; but their occurrence
+at the first age of my early boyhood, when no previous event had claimed
+particular attention, fixed them as a lasting memorial.
+
+The awful conflagrations had not taken place when I arrived in London
+from a large school in one of the midland counties in England, for the
+Midsummer vacation. So many of my school-fellows resided in the
+metropolis, or in a part of the country requiring a passage through
+London, that three or four closely-packed post-chaises were necessary;
+and to accomplish the journey in good time for the youngsters to be met
+by their friends, the journey was begun as near to four o'clock A.M. as
+was possible.
+
+The chaises, well crowned with boxes, and filled with joyous youth, were
+received at the Castle and Falcon, then kept by a Mr. Dupont, a
+celebrated wine merchant, and the friend of our estimable tutor. The
+whole of my schoolmates had been met by their respective friends, and my
+brother and I alone remained at the inn, when at length my mother
+arrived in a hackney-coach to fetch us, and from her we learned that the
+streets were so crowded that she could hardly make her way to us. No
+time was lost, and we were soon on our way homewards. We passed through
+Newgate Street and the Old Bailey without interruption or delay; but
+when we came into Ludgate Hill the case was far different; the street
+was full and the people noisy, permitting no carriage to pass unless the
+coachman took off his hat and acknowledged his respect for them and the
+object for which they had congregated. "Hat off, coachee!" was their
+cry. Our coachman would not obey their noisy calls, and there we were
+fixed. Long might we have remained in that unpleasant predicament had
+not my foreseeing parent sagaciously provided herself with a piece of
+ribbon of the popular colour, which she used to good effect by making it
+up into a bow with a long, streamer and pinning it to a white
+handkerchief, which she courageously flourished out of the window of the
+hackney-coach. Huzzas {274} and "Go on, coachee!" were shouted from the
+crowd and with no other obstruction than the full streets presented, we
+reached Beaufort Buildings, in the Strand, the street in which we
+resided.
+
+There a new scene presented itself, which was very impressive to our
+young minds. The street was full of soldiers, and the coachman said to
+my mother, "I cannot go down." A soldier addressed my mother: "No one,
+ma'am, can go down this street:" to whom my mother replied, "I live
+here, and am going to my own home." An officer then gave permission for
+us, and the coachman with our box, to proceed, and we were soon at our
+own door. The coachman, ignorant of the passport which the handkerchief
+and ribbon had proved, said, on setting the box down, "You see, ma'am,
+we got on without my taking off my hat: for who would take off his hat
+to such a set of fellows? I would rather have sat there all the day
+long."
+
+The assembling of the military in this street was to defend the
+dwellings of Mr. Kitchener and Mr. Heron, both these gentlemen being
+Roman Catholics. Mr. Kitchener (who was the father of Dr. Kitchener, the
+author of the _Cook's Oracle_) was an eminent coal merchant, whose wharf
+was by the river-side southward, behind Beaufort Buildings, then called
+Worcester Grounds[1], as the lane leading to it was called Worcester
+Lane: but Mr. Kitchener, or his successor Mr. Cox, endeavoured to change
+it by having "Beaufort Wharf" painted on their wagons. Thus the name
+"Worcester Grounds" got lost; but the lane which bore the same name got
+no advantage by the change, for it received the appropriate title of
+"Dirty Lane," used only for carts and horses, foot passengers reaching
+the wharf by the steps at the bottom of Fountain Court and Beaufort
+Buildings.
+
+But to return to my narrative. My parents soon removed us out of this
+scene of public confusion, to the house of a relative residing at St.
+Pancras: and well do I remember the painful interest with which, as soon
+as it got dark, the whole family of my uncle used to go on the roof of
+the house and count the number of fires, guessing the place of each. The
+alarm was so great, though at a distance, that it was always late before
+the family retired to rest. I remained at St. Pancras until the riots
+had been subdued and peace restored; and now, though very many matters
+crowd my mind, as report after report then reached us, I will leave them
+to record only what I personally saw and heard.
+
+Before the vacation was ended, the trials of the prisoners had
+proceeded, and I went to a friend's house to see some condemned ones
+pass to execution. The house from which I had this painful view has been
+removed; the site is now the road to Waterloo Bridge. I believe it was
+because a lad was to be executed that I was allowed to go. The mournful
+procession passed up St. Catherine's Street, and from the distance I
+was, I could only see that the lad in height did not reach above the
+shoulders of the two men between whom he sat, who, with him, were to be
+executed in Russell Street. Universal and deep was the sympathy
+expressed towards the youth from the throng of people, which was
+considerable. As it was long before the street was sufficiently cleared
+to allow us to return home, the report came that the execution was over,
+and that the boy was so light that the executioner jumped on him to
+break his neck: and such was the effect of previous sympathy, that a
+feeling of horror was excited at the brutality (as they called it) of
+the action; but, viewing it calmly, it was wise, and intended kindly to
+shorten the time of suffering. While thus waiting, I heard an account of
+this boy's trial. A censure was expressed on the government for hanging
+one so young, when it was stated that this boy was the only one
+executed, though so many were guilty, as an example, as the proof of his
+guilt was unquestionable. A witness against him on the trial said, "I
+will swear that I have seen that boy actively engaged at several
+conflagrations." He was rebuked for thus positively speaking by the
+opposite counsel, when he said, "I am quite sure it is the active boy I
+have seen so often for I was so impressed with his flagrant conduct that
+I cut a piece out of his clothes:" and putting his hand into his pocket,
+he pulled out the piece which he had cut off, which exactly fitted to
+the boy's jacket. This decided his execution: yet justice was not
+vindictive, for very few persons were executed.
+
+I will trespass yet further on your pages to recite one other incident
+of the riots that occurred in connexion with the attack on the King's
+Bench prison, and the death of Allen, which made a great stir at the
+time. The incident I refer to happened thus:--At the gate of the prison
+two sentinels were placed. One of these was a fine-built young man, full
+six feet high: he had been servant to my father. On the day Allen was
+shot, or a day or two after, he came to my father for protection: my
+father having a high opinion of his veracity and moral goodness, took
+him in and sheltered him until quiet was restored. His name was M'Phin,
+or some such name; but as he was always called "Mac" by us, I do not
+remember his name perfectly. He stated that he and his fellow-soldier,
+while standing as sentries at the prison, were attacked by an uproarious
+mob, and were assailed with stones and brickbats;--that his companion
+called loudly to the mob, and said, "I will not fire until I see and
+mark a man that throws at us, and then he shall die. I don't want to
+kill the innocent, {275} or any one; but he that flings at us shall
+surely die." Young Allen threw a brick-bat, and ran off; but Mac said,
+his fellow-soldier had seen it, and marked him. The crowd gave way; off
+went Allen and the soldier after him. Young Allen ran on, the soldier
+pursuing him, till he entered his father's premises, who was a
+cow-keeper, and _there_ the soldier shot him. Popular fury turned upon
+poor Mac; and so completely was he thought to be the "murderer" of young
+Allen that 500l. was offered by the mob for his discovery. But my good
+father was faithful to honest Mac, and he lay secure in one of our upper
+rooms until the excitement was over.
+
+Allen's funeral was attended by myriads, and a monument was erected to
+his memory (which yet remains, I believe) in Newington churchyard,
+speaking lies in the face of the sun. If it were important enough, it
+deserves erasure as much as the false inscription on London's monument.
+
+As soon as the public blood was cool, "Mac" surrendered himself, was
+tried at the Old Bailey, and acquitted.
+
+Should it be in the power of any of the readers of your interesting
+miscellany, by reference to the Session Papers, to give me the actual
+name of poor "Mac," I shall feel obliged.
+
+SENEX.
+
+September 9. 1850.
+
+[Footnote 1: Mr. Cunningham, vol. i. p. 69., gives an interesting
+quotation from Strype respecting Worcester House, which gave the name of
+"Worcester Grounds" to Mr. Kitchener's property.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SATIRICAL POEMS ON WILLIAM III.
+
+Some years since I copied from a MS. vol., compiled before 1708, the
+following effusions of a Jacobite poet, who seems to have been "a good
+hater" of King William. I have made ineffectual efforts to discover the
+witty author, or to ascertain if these compositions have ever been
+printed. My friend, in whose waste-book I found them,--a beneficed
+clergyman in Worcestershire, who has been several years dead,--obtained
+them from a college friend during the last century.
+
+  "UPON KING WILLIAM'S TWO FIRST CAMPAGNES.
+
+  "'Twill puzzle much the author's brains,
+     That is to write your story,
+   To know in which of these campagnes
+     You have acquired most glory:
+   For when you march'd the foe to fight,
+     Like Heroe, nothing fearing,
+   Namur was taken in your sight,
+     And Mons within your hearing."
+
+
+  "ON THE OBSERVING THE 30TH OF JANUARY, 1691.
+
+   "Cease, Hippocrites, to trouble heaven
+    How can ye think to be forgiven
+      The dismall deed you've done?
+    When to the martyr's sacred blood,
+    This very moment, if you could,
+      You'd sacrifice his son."
+
+
+  "ON KING WILLIAM'S RETURN OUT OF FLANDERS.
+
+   "Rejoice, yee fops, yo'r idoll's come agen
+    To pick yo'r pocketts, and to slay yo'r men;
+    Give him yo'r millions, and his Dutch yo'r lands:
+    Don't ring yo'r bells, yee fools, but wring yo'r hands."
+
+GRENDON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE'S GRIEF AND FRENZY.
+
+I have looked into many an edition of Shakspeare, but I have not found
+one that traced the connexion that I fancy exists between the lines--
+
+  _Cassius._ "I did not think you could have been so angry."
+
+  _Brutus._  "O Cassius! I am sick of many griefs."
+
+or between
+
+  _Brutus._  "No man bears sorrow better.--Portia is dead."
+
+  _Cassius._ "How 'scaped I killing when I crossed you so!"
+
+  _Julius Cæsar_, Act iv. Sc. 3.
+
+which will perhaps better suit the object that I have in view. The
+editors whose notes I have examined probably thought the connexion so
+self-evident or insignificant as not to require either notice or
+explanation. If so, I differ from them, and I therefore offer the
+following remarks for the _amusement_ rather than for the _instruction_
+of those who, like myself, are not at all ashamed to confess that they
+cannot read Shakspeare's music "_at sight_." I believe that both
+_Replies_ contain an allusion to the fact that _Anger, grafted on
+sorrow, almost invariably assumes the form of frenzy; that it is in
+every sense of the word "Madness," when the mind is unhinged, and
+reason, as it were, totters from the effects of grief_.
+
+Cassius had but just mildly rebuked Brutus for making no better use of
+his philosophy, and now--startled by the sudden sight of his bleeding,
+mangled heart--"Portia is--Dead!" pays involuntary homage to the very
+philosophy he had so rashly underrated by the exclamation--
+
+  "How 'scaped I _killing_ when I crossed you so!"
+
+I wish, if possible, to support this view of the case by the following
+passages:--
+
+  I.  Romeo's address to Balthasar.
+      "But if thou ... roaring sea."
+
+  II. His address to Paris.
+      "I beseech thee youth ... away!"
+
+  _Romeo and Juliet_, Act v. Sc. 3.
+
+    III. "The poor father was ready to fall down dead; but he
+    grasped the broken oar which was before him, jumped up, and
+    called in a faltering voice,--'Arrigozzo! Arrigozzo!' This was
+    but for a moment. Receiving no answer, he ran to the top of the
+    rock; looked at all around, ran his eye over all who were safe,
+    one by one, but could not find his son among them. Then seeing
+    the count, who had so lately been finding fault {276} with his
+    son's name, he roared out,--'Dog, are you here?' And,
+    brandishing the broken oar, he rushed forward to strike him on
+    the head. Bice uttered a cry, Ottorino was quick in warding off
+    the blow; in a minute, Lupo, the falconer, and the boatmen,
+    disarmed the frantic man; who, striking his forehead with both
+    hands, gave a spring, and threw himself into the lake.
+
+    "He was seen fighting with the angry waves, overcoming them with
+    a strength and a courage which desperation alone can
+    give."--_Marco Viconti_, vol. i. chap. 5.
+
+IV. A passage that has probably already occurred to the mind of the
+reader, Mucklebackit mending the cable in which his son had been lost:
+
+    "'There is a curse either on me or on this auld black bitch of a
+    boat, that I have hauled up high and dry, and pitched and
+    clouted sae mony years, that she might drown my poor Steenie at
+    the end of them, an' be d----d to her!' And he flung his hammer
+    against the boat, as if she had been the intentional cause of
+    his misfortune"--_Antiquary_, vol. ii. chap. 13. Cadell, 1829.
+
+    V. "Giton præcipuè, _ex dolore in rabiem efferatus_, tollit
+    clamorem, me, utrâque manu impulsum, præcipitat super
+    lectum."--Petron. _Arb. Sat._ cap. 94.
+
+The classical reader will at once recognise the force of the words
+"rabiem," "efferatus," "præcipitat," in this passage. The expression
+"utrâque manu" may not at first sight arrest his attention. It seems
+always used to express the most intense eagerness; see
+
+    "Ijecit utramque laciniæ manum."--Pet. _Arb. Sat._ 14.
+
+    "Utrâque manu Deorum beneficia tractat."--Ib. 140.
+
+    "Upon which Menedemus, incensed at his insolence,
+    answered,--'Nothing is more necessary than the preservation of
+    Lucullus;' and thrust him back _with both hands_."--Plutarch,
+    _Life of Lucullus_.
+
+    "Women have a sort of natural tendency to cross their husbands:
+    they lay hold _with both hands_ [à deux mains] on all occasions
+    to contradict and oppose them, and the first excuse serves for a
+    plenary justification."--Montaigne, _Essays_, book 2. chap. 8.
+
+    "Marmout, deceived by the seemingly careless winter attitude of
+    the allies, left Ciudad Rodrigo unprotected within their reach
+    and Wellington jumped _with both feet_ upon the devoted fortress
+    of Napier," _Pen. War_, vol. iv. p. 374.
+
+Any apology for the unwarrantable length of this discursive despatch,
+would, of course, only make matters worse.
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+Temple.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES.
+
+1. _Gnatch._--"The covetous man dares not gnatch" (Hammond's
+_Catechism_). From this, and the examples in Halliwell's _Dictionary_,
+the sense seems to be "to move." Is it related to "gnake?"
+
+2. _Pert._--I lately met with an instance of the use of this word in the
+etymological sense _peritus_: "I beant peart at making button-holes,"
+said a needlewoman.
+
+3. _Rococo._--A far-fetched etymology suggests itself. A wealthy noble
+from the north might express his admiration for the luxuries of Paris by
+the Russian word [Cyrillic: roskosha], or Polish _roskosz_. A Frenchman,
+catching the sound, might apply it to anything extravagant enough to
+astonish a barbarian.
+
+4. _Cad._--The letters from Scotland ascribed to a Captain Burtt,
+employed in surveying the forfeited estates, give an account of the
+"cawdies," or errand boys, of Edinburgh.
+
+5. _Fun_, perhaps Irish, _fonamhad_, jeering, mockery (Lhuyd,
+_Archæologia Britannica_).
+
+6. _Bumbailiff._--The French have _pousse-cul_, for the follower or
+assistant to the sergeant.
+
+7. Epergne, perhaps _épargne_, a save-all or hold-all. Here seems no
+more difficulty in the transfer of the name than in that of chiffonier,
+from a rag-basket to a piece of ornamental furniture.
+
+8. _Doggrel._--Has the word any connexion with _sdrucciolo_?
+
+9. _Derrick._--A spar arranged to form an extempore crane. I think
+Derrick was the name of an executioner.
+
+10. _Mece_, A.-S., a knife. The word is found in the Sclavonic and
+Tartar dialects. I thinly I remember some years ago reading in a
+newspaper of rioters armed with "pea makes." I do not remember any other
+instance of its use in English.
+
+F.Q.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MISTAKES IN GIBBON.
+
+The following references may be of use to a future editor of Gibbon; Mr.
+Milman has not, I believe, rectified any of the mistakes pointed out by
+the authors cited.
+
+    In the Netherlands ... 50,000 in less than fifty years were ...
+    sacrificed to the intolerance of popery. (Fra Paolo, _Sarpi
+    Conc. Trid._ 1. i. p. 422. ed. sec. Grotius, in his _Annal.
+    Belq._ 1. v. pp. 1G, 17. duod., including _all_ the persecutions
+    of Charles V, makes the number 100,000. The supposed
+    contradiction between these two historians supplied Mr. Gibbon
+    with an argument by which he satisfied himself that be had
+    completely demolished the whole credibility of Eusebius's
+    history. See conclusion of his 16th book.) [Mendham's _Life of
+    Pius V._, p. 303. and note; compare p. 252., where Gibbon's
+    attack on Eusebius is discussed.]
+
+In Forster's _Mahometanism Unveiled_, several of Gibbon's statements are
+questioned. I have not the book at hand, and did not think the
+corrections very important when I read it some time {277} back. The
+reader who has it may see pp. 339. 385. 461-2. 472. 483. 498. of the
+second volume.
+
+In Dr. Maitland's _Dark Ages_, p. 229. seq. note, a gross blunder is
+pointed out.
+
+See too the _Gentlemans Magazine_, July, 1839, p. 49.
+
+Dr. Maitland, in his _Facts and Documents relating to the ancient
+Albigenses and Waldenses_, p. 217. note, corrects an error respecting
+the _Book of Sentences_.
+
+    "Gibbon, speaking of this _Book of Sentences_, in a note on his
+    54th chapter, says, 'Of a list of criminals which fills nineteen
+    folio pages, only _fifteen_ men and _four_ women were delivered
+    to the secular arm.' Vol. v. p. 535. I believe he should have
+    said _thirty-two_ men and _eight_ women; and imagine that he was
+    misled by the fact that the index-maker most commonly (but by no
+    means always) states the nature of the sentence passed on each
+    person. From the book, however, it appears that forty persons
+    were so delivered, viz., twenty-nine Albigenses, seven
+    Waldenses, and four Beguins."
+
+The following mistake was pointed out by the learned Cork correspondent
+of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, I think in 1838; it has misled the writer
+of the article "Anicius", in Smith's _Dictionary of Ancient Biography_,
+and is not corrected by Mr. Milman (Gibbon, chap. xxxi. note 14 and
+text):--
+
+    "During the first five ages, the name of the Anicians was
+    unknown. The earliest date in the annals of Pighius is that of
+    M. Anicius Gallus, Tr. Plebis A.U.C. 506. Another Tribune, Q.
+    Anicius, A.U.C. 508, is distinguished by the epithet
+    Prænestinus."
+
+We learn from Pliny, _H.N._ xxxiii. 6., that Q. Anicius Prænestinus was
+the colleague as curule ædile of Flavius, the famous _scriba_ of Appius
+Cæcus, B.C. 304, A.U.C. 450. (See Fischer, _Röm. Zeittafeln_, p. 61-2.)
+Pliny's words are--
+
+    "[Flavius] tantam gratiam plebis adeptus est ... ut ædilis
+    curulis crearetur cum Q. Anicio Prænestino."
+
+Gibbon's chapter on Mahomet seems to be particularly superficial; it is
+to be hoped that a future editor will correct it by the aid of Von
+Hammer's labours.
+
+J.E.B. MAYOR.
+
+Marlborough College.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MINOR NOTES
+
+_"Ockley's History of the Saracens," and unauthentic Works._--At the end
+of a late edition of Washington Irving's _Life of Mahomet_, those "who
+feel inclined to peruse further details of the life of Mahomet, or to
+pursue the course of Saracenic history," are referred to _Ockley_.
+Students should be aware of the character of the histories they peruse.
+And it appears, from a note in Hallam's _Middle Ages_ (vol. ii. p.
+168.), that Wakidi, from whom Ockley translated his work, was a "mere
+fabulist," as Reiske observes, in his preface to Abulfeda.
+
+Query, Would it not be well, if some of your more learned correspondents
+would communicate to students, through the medium of "NOTES AND
+QUERIES," a list of such books as are genuine but not authentic; and
+authentic but not genuine, or altogether spurious? or would point out
+the sources from which such information can be obtained?
+
+P.H.F.
+
+
+_The Hippopotamus._--Your correspondent L. (Vol. ii., p. 35.) says,
+"None of the Greek writers appear to have seen a live hippopotamus:" and
+again, "The hippopotamus, being an inhabitant of the Upper Nile, was
+imperfectly known to the ancients." Herodotus says (ii. 71.) that this
+animal was held sacred by the Nomos of Papremis, but not by the other
+Egyptians. The city of Papremis is fixed by Bähr in the west of the
+Delta (ad ii. 63.); and Mannert conjectured it to be the same as the
+later Xoïs, lying between the Sebennytic and Canopic branches, but
+nearer to the former. Sir Gardner Wilkinson says, several
+representations of the hippopotamus were found at Thebes, one of which
+he gives (_Egyptians_, vol. iii. pl. xv.). Herodotus' way of speaking
+would seem to show that he was describing from his own observation: he
+used Hecatæus, no doubt, but did not blindly copy him. Hence, I think,
+we may infer that Herodotus himself saw the hippopotamus, and that this
+animal was found, in his day, even as far north as the Delta: and also,
+that the species is gradually dying out, as the aurochs is nearly gone,
+and the dodo quite. The crocodile is no longer found in the Delta.
+
+E.S. JACKSON
+
+
+_America._--The probability of a short western passage to India is
+mentioned in _Aristotle de Coelo_, ii., near the end.
+
+F.Q.
+
+
+_Pascal's Lettres Provinciales._--I take the liberty of forwarding to
+you the following "Note," suggested by two curious blunders which fell
+under my notice some time ago.
+
+In Mr. Stamp's reprint of the Rev. C. Elliott's _Delineation of
+Romanism_ (London, 8vo. 1844), I find (p. 471., in note) a long
+paragraph on Pascal's _Lettres Provinciales_:--
+
+    "This exquisite production," says the English editor, "_is
+    accompanied, in some editions of it, with the learned and
+    judicious observations of Nicole_, who, under the fictitious
+    name of Guillaume Wendrock, has fully demonstrated the truths of
+    those facts which Pascal had advanced without quoting his
+    authorities; and has placed, in a full and striking light,
+    several interesting circumstances which that great man had
+    treated with perhaps too much brevity. _These letters ... were
+    translated into Latin by Ruchelius_."
+
+From Mr. Stamp's remarks the reader is led to conclude that the _text_
+of the _Lettres Provinciales_ {278} is accompanied in some editions by
+observations of Wendrock (Nicole), likewise in the French language. Now
+such an assertion merely proves how carelessly some annotators will
+study the subjects they attempt to elucidate. Nicole _translated_ into
+Latin the _Provincial Letters_; and the masterly disquisitions which he
+added to the volume were, in their turn, "made French" by Mademoiselle
+de Joncoux, and annexed to the editions of 1700, 1712, 1735.
+
+As for Rachelius, if Mr. Stamp had taken the trouble to refer to
+Placcius' _Theatr. Anonym. et Pseud._, he night have seen (Art. 2,883.)
+that this worthy was merely a German _editor_, not a translator of
+Pascal cum Wendrock.
+
+The second blunder I have to notice has been perpetrated by the writer
+of an otherwise excellent article on Pascal in the last number of the
+_British Quarterly Review_ (No. 20. August). He mentions Bossuet's
+edition of the _Pensées_, speaks of "_the prelate_," and evidently
+ascribes to the famous Bishop of Meaux, _who died in_ 1704, the edition
+of Pascal's _Thoughts, published in_ 1779 _by Bossuet_. (See pp. 140.
+142.)
+
+GUSTAVE MASSON.
+
+
+_Porson's Epigram._--I made the following Note many years ago:--
+
+    "The late Professor Porson's own account of his academic visits
+    to the Continent:--
+
+    "'I went to Frankfort, and got drunk With that most learn'd
+    professor--Brunck: I went to Worts, and got more drunken, With
+    that more learn'd professor Ruhncken.'"
+
+But I do not remember where or from whom I got it. Is anything known
+about it, or its authenticity?
+
+P.H.F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUERIES.
+
+"ORKNEYINGA SAGA."
+
+In the introduction to Lord Ellesmere's _Guide to Northern Archæology_,
+p. xi., is mentioned the intended publication by the Royal Society of
+Northern Antiquaries, Copenhagen, of a volume of historical antiquities
+to be called _Antiquitates Britannicæ et Hibernicæ_. In the contents of
+this volume is noticed the _Orkneyinga Saga_, a history of the Orkney
+and Zetland Isles from A.D. 865 to 1234, of which there is only the
+edition Copenhagen, 1780, "chiefly printed," it is said, "from a modern
+paper manuscript, and by no means from the celebrated Codex Flateyensis
+written on parchment in the fourteenth century." This would show that
+the Codex Flateyensis was the most valuable manuscript of the work
+published under the name of the _Orkneyinga Saga_, of which its editor,
+Jonas Jonæus, in his introductory address to the reader, says its author
+and age are equally unknown: "auctor incertus incerto æque tempore
+scripsit." The _Orkneyinga Saga_ concludes with the burning of Adam
+Bishop, of Caithness, by the mob at Thurso while John was Earl of
+Orkney, and according to Dalrymple's _Annals_ in A.D. 1222; but in the
+narrative given by the historian Torfæus, in his _Orcades_, of Haco,
+King of Norway's expedition against the western coast of Scotland in
+1263, which terminated in the defeat of the invaders by the Scots at
+Largs, in Ayrshire, and the death of King Haco on his return back in the
+palace of the bishop of Orkney at Kirkwall, reference is made to the
+Codex Flateyensis as to the burial of King Haco in the city of Bergen,
+in Norway, where his remains were finally deposited, after lying some
+months before the shrine of the patron saint in the cathedral of Saint
+Magnus, at Kirkwall. There is not a syllable of King Haco or his
+expedition in the _Orkneyinga Saga_; and as I cannot reconcile this
+reference of Torfæus (2nd edition, 1715, book ii. p. 170.) with the
+_Saga_, the favour of information is desired from some of your
+antiquarian correspondents. The Codex Flateyensis has been ascribed to a
+pensioner of the king of Norway resident in Flottay, one of the southern
+isles of Orkney, but with more probability can be attributed to some of
+the monks of the monastery built on the small island of Flatey, lying in
+Breida Fiord, a gulf on the west coast of Iceland.
+
+W.H.F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MINOR QUERIES.
+
+_Incumbents of Church Livings in Kent._--I have by me the following MS.
+note:--"A list of B.A.'s graduated at Cambridge from 1500 to 1735 may be
+found in 'Additional MSS. British Museum, No. 5,585.'" Will any of your
+correspondents inform me if this reference is correct, and if the list
+can be examined?
+
+Is there in the British Museum or elsewhere a list of incumbents of
+church livings in Kent (with name and birthplace) from 1600 to 1660?
+
+BRANBRIDGES.
+
+
+_York Buildings Company._--This company existed about the middle of the
+last century. I shall be glad to be informed where the papers connected
+with it are to be met with, and may be referred to.
+
+WDN.
+
+
+_Saying ascribed to Montaigne._--The saying, "I have here only made a
+nosegay of culled flowers, and have brought nothing of my own but the
+thread that ties them," is usually ascribed to Montaigne. In what part
+of his works are these words to be found? I heard doubts expressed of
+their genuineness some years ago by a reader of the _Essays_; and my own
+search for them has also proved hitherto unsuccessful.
+
+C. FORBES. {279}
+
+
+"_Modum promissionis_."--Will any of your readers help to interpret the
+following expression in a mediæval author:--
+
+    "(Ut vulgò loquitur) modum promissionis ostendit?"
+
+I have reason to think that _modum promissionis_ means "a provisional
+arrangement:" but by whom, and in what common parlance, was this
+expression used?
+
+C.W.B.
+
+
+_Roman Catholic Theology._--Is there any work containing a list of Roman
+Catholic theological works published in the English language from the
+year 1558 to 1700?
+
+M.Y.A.H.
+
+
+_Wife of Edward the Outlaw._--Can any of your correspondents inform me
+who was the wife of Edward the Outlaw, and consequently mother of
+Margaret of Scotland, and ancestress of the kings of England?
+
+The account adopted by most historians is that Canute, in 1017, sent the
+two sons of Edmund Ironside to the king of Denmark, whence they were
+transferred to Solomon, king of Hungary, who gave his sister to the
+eldest; and, on his death without issue, married the second Edward to
+Agatha, daughter of the Emperor Henry II. (or, in some accounts, Henry
+III., or even, in Grafton's _Chronicles_, called Henry IV.), and sister
+to his own queen.
+
+That Edward the Outlaw returned to England in 1057, having had five
+children, of whom three survived: Edgar; Margaret, who in 1067 married
+King Malcolm of Scotland, and another daughter.
+
+Now this account is manifestly incorrect. The Emperor Henry II. died
+childless: when on his death-bed he restored his wife to her parents,
+declaring that both he and she had kept their vows of chastity.
+
+Solomon did not ascend the throne of Hungary until 1063, in which year
+he had also married Sophia, daughter of the Emperor Henry III.; but this
+monarch (who was born in October, 1017, married his first wife in 1036,
+who died, leaving one child, in 1038 and his second wife in November
+1043) could not be the grandfather of the five children of Edward the
+Outlaw, born prior to 1057.
+
+The _Saxon Chronicle_ says, that Edward married Agatha the emperor's
+cousin.
+
+E.H.Y.
+
+
+_Conde's "Arabs in Spain"_.--In Professor de Vericour's _Historical
+Analysis of Christian Civilisation_, just published, it is stated (p.
+499.) that Conde's _Arabs in Spain_ has been translated into English. I
+have never met with a translation, and fancy that the Professor has made
+a mistake. Can any of your correspondents decide? I know that a year or
+two ago, Messrs. Whittaker announced that a translation would form part
+of their _Popular Library_; but for some reason (probably insufficient
+support) it never appeared. Query, Might not Mr. Bohn with advantage
+include this work in his _Standard Library_?
+
+IOTA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REPLIES.
+
+CAVE'S HISTORIA LITERARIA.
+
+I do not know whether the notices respecting Cave's _Historia Literaria_
+(Vol. ii., pp. 230. 255.) hold out any prospect of a new edition. It is
+much to be desired; and as it may be done at some time or other, you
+will perhaps allow me to make a Note of a circumstance which
+accidentally came to my knowledge, and should be known to any future
+editor. It is simply this: in the second volume of the Oxford edition of
+1740, after the three dissertations, &c., there are fifteen pages, with
+a fresh pagination of their own, entitled, "Notæ MSS. et Accessiones
+_Anonymi_ ad Cavei Historiam Literariam, Codicis Margini adscriptæ, in
+Bibliotheca Lambethana. Manus est plane Reverendiss. _Thomæ Tenison_,
+Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi." Not to occupy more of your valuable space
+than is necessary, I will merely observe that the "Anonymus" was not
+Archbishop Tenison, but Henry Wharton. There can be no doubt in the mind
+of any person acquainted with the handwriting of the parties; and to
+those to whom such a notice is likely to be of any use at all, it is
+unnecessary to say that the difference is important. I need scarcely
+add, that if ever a new edition is undertaken, Wharton's books and
+papers, and other things in the Lambeth collection of MSS., should be
+examined.
+
+S.R. MAITLAND.
+
+
+_Cave's Historia Literaria_ (Vol ii., p. 230.).--
+
+1. London, 1688-1698, 2 vols. folio. This was the first edition. A
+curious letter from Cave to Abp. Tenison respecting the assistance which
+H. Wharton furnished to this work is printed in Chalmers' _Biog. Dict._,
+vol. xxxi. p. 343.
+
+2. Geneva, 1693, folio.
+
+3. ------, 1694, folio.
+
+4. ------, 1705, folio.
+
+5. Coloniæ Allobrogum, 1720, folio.
+
+6. Oxon. 1740-43, 2 vols. folio. Dr. Waterland rendered important aid in
+bringing out this edition, which Bp. Marsh pronounces "the best." It
+seems from some letters of Waterland's to John Loveday, Esq. (works by
+Van Mildert, 1843, vol. vi. p. 423-436.), that Chapman, a petty canon of
+Windsor, was the editor.
+
+7. Basil, 1741-5, 2 vols. folio. This is said to be an exact reprint
+from the Oxford edition.
+
+Watt and Dr. Clarke mention an edition, 1749, 2 vols. folio; but I
+cannot trace any copy of such edition.
+
+JOHN I. DREDGE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {280}
+
+SIR GAMMER VANS.
+
+In reply to C.'s inquiry (Vol. ii., p. 89.) as to a comic story about
+one _Sir Gammer Vans_, I have pleasure in communicating what little
+information I have on the subject. Some years ago, when I was quite a
+boy, the story was told me by an Irish clergyman, since deceased. He
+spoke of it as an old Irish tradition, but did not give his authority
+for saying so. The story, as he gave it, contained no allusion to an
+"aunt" or "mother." I do not know whether it will be worthy of
+publication: but here it is, and you can make what use of it you like:--
+
+    "Last Sunday morning at six o'clock in the evening, as I was
+    sailing over the tops of the mountains in my little boat, I met
+    two men on horseback riding on one mare: so I asked them 'Could
+    they tell me whether the little old woman was dead yet, who was
+    hanged last Saturday week for drowning herself in a shower of
+    feathers?' They said they could not positively inform me, but if
+    I went to Sir Gammar Vans he could tell me all about it. 'But
+    how am I to know the house?' said I. 'Ho, 'tis easy enough,'
+    said they, 'for it's a brick house, built entirely of flints,
+    standing alone by itself in the middle of sixty or seventy
+    others just like it.' 'Oh, nothing in the world is easier,' said
+    I. 'Nothing _can_ be easier,' said they: so I went on my way.
+    Now this Sir G. Vans was a giant, and bottlemaker. And as all
+    giants, who _are_ bottlemakers, usually pop out of a little
+    thumb bottle from behind the door, so did Sir G. Vans. 'How d'ye
+    do?' says he. 'Very well, thank you,' says I. 'Have some
+    breakfast with me?' 'With all my heart,' says I. So he gave me a
+    slice of beer, and a cup of cold veal; and there was a little
+    dog under the table that picked up all the crumbs. 'Hang him,'
+    says I. 'No, don't hang him,' says he; 'for he killed a hare
+    yesterday. And if you don't believe me, I'll show you the hare
+    alive in a basket.' So he took me into his garden to show me the
+    curiosities. In one corner there was a fox hatching eagle's
+    eggs; in another there was an iron apple tree, entirely covered
+    with pears and lead; in the third there was the hare which the
+    dog killed yesterday alive in the basket; and in the fourth
+    there were twenty-four _hipper switches_ threshing tobacco, and
+    at the sight of me they threshed so hard that they drove the
+    plug through the wall, and through a little dog that was passing
+    by on the other side. I, hearing the dog howl, jumped over the
+    wall; and turned it as neatly inside out as possible, when it
+    ran away as if it had not an hour to live. Then he took me into
+    the park to show me his deer: and I remembered that I had a
+    warrant in my pocket to shoot venison for his majesty's dinner.
+    So I set fire to my bow, poised my arrow, and shot amongst them.
+    I broke seventeen ribs on one side, and twenty-one and a half on
+    the other: but my arrow passed clean through without ever
+    touching it, and the worst was I lost my arrow; however, I found
+    it again in the hollow of a tree. I felt it: it felt clammy. I
+    smelt it; it smelt honey. 'Oh, ho!' said I, 'here's a bee's
+    nest,' when out sprung a covey of partridges. I shot at them;
+    some say I killed eighteen, but I am sure I killed thirty-six,
+    besides a dead salmon which was flying over the bridge, of which
+    I made the best apple pie I ever tasted."
+
+Such is the story: I can answer for its general accuracy. I am quite at
+sea as to the meaning and orthography of "hipper switches,"--having
+heard, not seen, the story.
+
+S.G.
+
+Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE COLLAR OF SS.
+
+(Vol. ii., pp. 89. 194. 248.)
+
+The Collar of SS. "is to this day a mystery to the most learned and
+indefatigable antiquaries," according to Mr. Planché, in his valuable
+little work on _The History of British Costume_: what has appeared in
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" certainly has not cleared away the obscurity.
+ARMIGER tells us (Vol. ii., p. 195.): "As to the derivation of the name
+of the collar from _Soverayne_; from St. Simplicius; from the martyrs of
+Soissons (viz. St. Crespin and St. Crespinian, upon whose anniversary
+the battle of Agincourt was fought); from the Countess of Salisbury;
+from the word _Souvenez_; and, lastly, from Seneschallus or Steward,
+(which latter is MR. NICHOLS' notion)--they may be regarded as mere
+monkish (?) or heraldic gossip." If the monastic writers had spoken
+anything on the matter, a doubt never would have existed: but none of
+them has even hinted at it. Never having seen the articles in the
+_Gentleman's Magazine_, I do not know MR. NICHOLS' reasons for supposing
+"Seneschallus or Steward" could have furnished an origin of the SS.; but
+I am at loss to think of any grounds upon which such a guess could rest.
+From the searches I have made upon this question, it seems to me that
+these SS. are taken as a short way of expressing the "SANCTUS, SANCTUS,
+SANCTUS" of the Salisbury liturgy and ritual. I hope soon to be able to
+lay before the public the documents out of which I draw this opinion, in
+a note to the third and forthcoming volume of _The Church of our
+Fathers_.
+
+D. ROCK.
+
+_Collar of SS._--To your list of persons _now_ privileged to wear these
+collars, I beg to add her Majesty's serjeant trumpeter, Thomas Lister
+Parker, Esq., to whom a silver collar of SS. has been granted. It is
+always worn by him or his deputy on state occasions.
+
+THOMAS LEWIS,
+
+Acting Serjeant Trumpeter.
+34. Mount Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+JOACHIN, THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR.
+(Vol. ii., p. 229.)
+
+Your correspondent AMICUS will I fear find very little information about
+this mysterious person in the writers of French history of the time.
+{281} He is thus mentioned in Cavendish's _Life of Wolsey_ (ed. 1825,
+vol. i. p. 73.):--
+
+    "The French king lying in his camp, sent secretly into England a
+    privy person, a very witty man, to entreat of a peace between
+    him and the king our sovereign lord, whose name was John
+    Joachin; he was kept as secret as might be, that no man had
+    intelligence of his repair; for he was no Frenchman, but an
+    Italian born, a man before of no estimation in France, or known
+    to be in favour with his master, but to be a merchant; and for
+    his subtle wit, elected to entreat of such affairs as the king
+    had commanded him by embassy. This Joachin, after his arrival
+    here in England, was secretly conveyed unto the king's manor of
+    Richmond, and there remained until Whitsuntide; at which time
+    the cardinal resorted thither, and kept there the said feast
+    very solemnly. In which season my lord caused this Joachin
+    divers times to dine with him, whose talk and behaviour seemed
+    to be witty, sober, and wondrous discreet."
+
+My note on this passage says:--
+
+    "The name of this person was Giovanni Joacchino Passano, a
+    Genoese; he was afterwards called Seigneur de Vaux. The emperor,
+    it appears, was informed of his being in England, and for what
+    purpose. The cardinal stated that Joacchino came over as a
+    merchant; and that as soon as he discovered himself to be sent
+    by the lady regent of France, he made De Præt (the emperor's
+    ambassador) privy thereto, and likewise of the answer given to
+    her proposals. The air of mystery which attached to this mission
+    naturally created suspicion; and, after a few months, De Præt,
+    in his letters to the emperor, and to Margaret, governess of the
+    Netherlands, expressed his surmise that all was not right,
+    alleging his reasons. His letters were intercepted by the
+    cardinal, and read before the council. Charles and Margaret
+    complained of the insult, and the cardinal explained as well as
+    he could: at the same time protesting against the
+    misinterpretation of De Præt, and assuring them that nothing
+    could be further from his wish than that any disunion should
+    arise between the king his master and the emperor; and
+    notwithstanding the suspicious aspect of this transaction, his
+    dispatches, both before and after this fracas, strongly
+    corroborate his assertions. Wolsey suspected that the Pope was
+    inclined toward the cause of Francis, and reminded him of his
+    obligations to Henry and Charles. The Pope had already taken the
+    alarm, and had made terms with the French king, but had
+    industriously concealed it from Wolsey, and at length urged in
+    his excuse that he had no alternative. Joacchino was again in
+    England upon a different mission, and was an eye-witness of the
+    melancholy condition of the cardinal when his fortunes were
+    reversed. He sympathised with him, and interested himself for
+    him with Francis and the queen dowager, as appears by his
+    letters published in _Legrand, Histoire du Divorce de Henry
+    VIII_."
+
+I think it is from this interesting book, which throws much light upon
+many of the intricate passages of the history of the times, that I
+derived my information. It is in all respects a work worth consulting.
+
+S.W. SINGER.
+
+
+REMAINS OF JAMES II.
+(Vol. ii., p. 243.).
+
+The following passage is transcribed from a communication relative to
+the Scotch College at Paris, made by the Rev. H. Longueville Jones to
+the _Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica_, 1841, vol. vii. p. 33.:--
+
+    "The king left his brains to this college; and, it used to be
+    said, other parts, but this is more doubtful, to the Irish and
+    English colleges at Paris. His heart was bequeathed to the Dames
+    de St. Marie at Chaillot, and his entrails were buried at St.
+    Germain-en-Laye, where a handsome monument has been erected to
+    his memory by order of George IV.; but the body itself was
+    interred in the monastery of English Benedictine Monks that once
+    existed in the Rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, close to the Val de
+    Grace. In this latter house, previous to the Revolution, the
+    following simple inscription marked where the monarch's body
+    lay:--
+
+    "'CI GIST JACQUES II. ROI DE LA GRANDE BRETAGNE.'"
+
+A monument to the king still exists in the chapel of the Scotch College
+(which is now leased to a private school), and the inscription, in
+Latin, written by James, Duke of Perth, is printed in the same volume of
+_Collectanea_, p. 35., followed by all the other inscriptions to James's
+adherents now remaining in that chapel.
+
+In a subsequent communication respecting the Irish College at Paris,
+made by the same gentleman, and printed in the same volume, at p. 113.
+are these remarks:--
+
+    "It is not uninteresting to add, that the body of James II. was
+    brought to this college after the destruction of the English
+    Benedictine Monastery adjoining the Val de Grace; and remained
+    for some years in a temporary tomb in one of the lecture halls,
+    then used as the chapel. It was afterwards removed; by whose
+    authority, and to what place, is not exactly known: but it is
+    considered not improbable that it was transported to the church
+    of St. Germain-en-Laye, and there buried under the monument
+    erected by George IV. Some additional light will probably be
+    thrown on this subject, in a work on the Stuarts now in course
+    of compilation."
+
+Has this work since appeared?
+
+J.G.N.
+
+
+_Interment of James II._--I remember reading in the French papers, in
+the year 1823 or 1824, a long account of the then recent exhumation and
+re-interment in another spot of the remains of James II. I was but a boy
+at the time, and neglected to make a "Note", which might now be valuable
+to you. I have not the least doubt, however, that the fact will be
+discovered on reference to a file of the _Etoile_, or any other of the
+Paris papers of one or other of the years above named.
+
+There is a marble monument erected in memory of James, in the chapel of
+the old Scotch College, in the Rue des Fossés Saint Victor. An urn of
+bronze, gilt, containing the king's brains, formerly {282} stood on the
+crown of this monument. The urn was smashed and the contents scattered
+over the ground, during the French Revolution. A much more important
+loss to posterity was incurred by the destruction of the manuscripts
+entrusted by James to the keeping of the brotherhood he loved. The trust
+is alluded to with mingled pride and affection in the noble and touching
+inscription on the royal monument.
+
+J.D.
+
+Earl's Court, Kensington.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HANDFASTING.
+(Vol. ii., p. 151.)
+
+Your correspondent J.M.G. has brought forward a curious subject, and one
+well deserving attention and illustration. A fair is said to have been
+held at the meeting of the Black and White Esks, at the foot of
+Eskdalemuir, in Dumfriesshire, when the singular custom of _Handfasting_
+was observed. The old statistical account of the parish says:
+
+    "At that fair it was the custom for unmarried persons of both
+    sexes to choose a companion according to their liking, whom they
+    were to live with till _that time next year_. This was called
+    _handfasting_, or hand-in-fist. If they were pleased with each
+    other at that time, then they continued together for life; if
+    not, they separated, and were free to make another choice as at
+    the first."
+
+John Maxwell, Esq., of Broomholm, in a letter (dated April 15th, 1796)
+to the Rev. Wm. Brown, D.D., of Eskdalemuir, says, in reference to this
+custom:
+
+    "No account can be given of the period at which the custom of
+    _handfasting_ commenced; but I was told by an old man, John
+    Murray, who died at the farm of Irvine (as you go from Langholm
+    to Canobie), and had formerly been a proprietor in Eskdaldemuir,
+    that he was acquainted with, or at least had seen an old man, I
+    think his name was Beattie, who was grandson to a couple who had
+    been handfasted. You perhaps know that _the children born under
+    the handfasting engagement were reckoned lawful children, and
+    not bastards_, though the parents did afterwards resile. This
+    custom of handfasting does not seem to have been peculiar to
+    your parish. Mention is made in some histories of Scotland that
+    Robert II. was _handfasted_ to Elizabeth More before he married
+    Euphemia Ross, daughter of Hugh, Earl of that name, by both of
+    whom he had children; his eldest son John, by Elizabeth More,
+    viz., King Robert III., commonly called Jock Ferngyear,
+    succeeded to the throne in preference to the sons of Euphemia,
+    his married wife. Indeed, after Euphemia's death, he married his
+    former handfasted wife Elizabeth."
+
+Sir J. Chardin observes that contracts for temporary wives are frequent
+in the East, which contracts are made before the Cadi with the formality
+of a measure of corn, mentioned over and above the stipulated sum of
+money.
+
+Baron du Tott's account of "Marriages by Capin," corroborated by Eastern
+travellers, corresponds with the custom of _Handfasting_. He says:
+
+    "There is another kind of marriage which, stipulating the return
+    to be made, fixes likewise the time when the divorce is to take
+    place. This contract is called _capin_: and, properly speaking,
+    is only an agreement between the parties to live together _for
+    such a price, during such a time_."
+
+This contract is a regular form of marriage, and is so regarded
+generally in the East.
+
+The Jews seem to have had a similar custom, which perhaps they borrowed
+from the neighbouring nations; at least the connexion formed by the
+prophet Hosea (chap. iii. 2.) bears a strong resemblance to
+_Handfasting_ and _Capin_.
+
+JARLTZBERG.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ADAM OF BREMEN'S JULIN.
+
+In reply to V. from Belgravia (Vol. ii., p. 230.), I am partially at a
+loss to know the exact bearing of his Query. Adam of Bremen's account of
+Julin is no _legend_, nor does he mention it at all as a _doomed city_.
+On the contrary, his description is that of a flourishing emporium of
+commerce, for which purpose he selects very strong superlatives, as in
+the following account (_De Situ Damæ_, lib. ii. cap. ii.):
+
+    "Ultra Leuticos qui alio nomine Welzi dicuntur Oddera Flumen
+    occurrit; amnis dilectissimus Slavonicæ regionis. In cujus
+    ostro, qui Scythicas alludet paludes, nobilissima civitas
+    Julinum celeberrimam Barbaris et Græcis qui in circuitu præstet
+    stationem. De cujus præconio quia magna et vix credibilia
+    recitantur, volupe arbitror pauca inserere digna relata. Est
+    sane maxime omnium quas Europa claudit civitatum, quam incolunt
+    Slavi cum aliis gentibus Græcis et Barbaris. Nam et advenæ
+    Saxones parem cohabitandi legem acceperunt, si tamen
+    Christianitatis titulum ibi morantes non publicaverint. Omnes
+    enim adhuc paganicis ritibus aberrant, ceterum moribus et
+    hospitalitate nulla gens honestior aut benignior poterit
+    inveniri. Urbs illa mercibus omnium septentrionalium nationum
+    locuples nihil non habet jucundi et rari."
+
+As Adam is supposed to have been a native and a priest at Magdeburg,
+whence he was translated by Archbishop Adalbert to a benefice in the
+cathedral of Bremen, he must, from his comparative proximity to the
+spot, be supposed a competent witness; and there is not reason to
+suppose why he should not have been also a creditable one. He died about
+1072, and the _legends_, if any, concerning this famous place, here
+described as the most extensive in Europe, must have been subsequently
+framed.
+
+For about one hundred years later (1184) we have from Helmold, the
+parish priest of Bösan, a small village on the eastern confines of
+Holstein, a repetition of Adam's words, for a place which he calls {283}
+"Veneta," but always in the past tense as, "quondam fuit nobilissima
+civitas," etc.; so that it is plain from that and his expression
+"excidium civitatis;" as well as, "Hanc civitatem opulentissimam quidam
+Danorum rex, maxima classe stipatus, fundetus evertisse refertur." The
+great question is, Where was this great city? and, are the _Julin_ of
+Adam and the _Veneta_ of Helmold identical? Both questions have given
+rise to endless discussions amongst German archæologists. The published
+maps, as late at least as the end of the last century, had a note at a
+place in the Baltic, opposite to the small town of Demmin, in
+Pomerania:--"Hic Veneta emporium olim celeberr. æquar. æstu absorpt."
+Many, perhaps the majority, of recent writers contend for the town of
+Wallin, which gives its name to one of the islands by which the Stettin
+Haff is formed,--though the slight verbal conformity seems to be their
+principal ground; for no _rudera_, no vestiges of ancient grandeur now
+mark the spot, not even a tradition of former greatness: whilst Veneta,
+which can only be taken to mean the _civitas_ of the Veneti, a nation
+placed by Tacitus on this part of the coast, has a long unbroken chain
+of oral evidence in its favour, as close to Rugen; and, if authentic
+records are to be credited, ships have been wrecked in the last century
+on ancient moles or bulwarks, which then rose nearly to the surface from
+the submerged ruins. But the subject is much too comprehensive for the
+compressed notices of your miscellany. I hope to have shortly an
+opportunity of treating the subject at large in reference to the
+Schiringsheal which Othere described to King Alfred, about two hundred
+years earlier.
+
+An edition of Adam and Helmold is very desirable in England, even in a
+translations as a part of Bohn's _Antiquarian Series_.
+
+WILLIAM BELL, PH. D.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.
+
+_Bess of Hardwick_ (Vol. i., p. 276.).--The following particulars in
+answer to this Query will, I hope, elicit some further information from
+other quarters. I have, in my answer, attempted to be as brief as
+possible.
+
+John, the fifth recorded Hardwick, of Hardwick, left issue, by Elizabeth
+Leake, six children: of whom JAMES (or John) was thrice married, and
+died _sine prole_, and DOROTHY died an infant: the four remaining
+daughters became coheiresses.
+
+Of these MARY HARDWICK married (his first wife) Richard Wingfield, of
+Wantisden, seventh son of Sir Anthony Wingfield, of Letheringham, co.
+Suffolk, K.G. His will was proved in London 14th August, 1591. Their
+eldest son _Henry_ was of Crowfield, co. Suffolk. His great-grandson,
+_Harbottle Wingfield_, of Crowfield, was living 1644, and his
+descendants, if any, may quarter Hardwick. Their second son, _Anthony
+Wingfield_, was the well-known Greek reader to Queen Elizabeth; and
+their third son, _Sir John Wingfield_, married Susan Bertie, Countess
+Dowager of Kent, and left _Peregrin Wingfield_, of whom nothing is
+recorded.
+
+JANE HARDWICK, next daughter, married Godfrey Bosvile of Gunthwaite and
+Beighton, co. Ebor. His will is dated 22nd July, 1580. Their eldest
+child, _Francis Bosvile_, left only daughter, Grace Bosvile, who died
+young. His three sisters became coheirs, but the estate of Gunthwaite
+went to an uncle, ancestor of the present Godfrey Bosvile, Lord
+Macdonald. Of these sisters, _Frances Bosvile_ married John Savile;
+_Dorothy Bosvile_, John Lacy; and _Elizabeth Bosvile_, John Copley:
+either they had no children, or these died young. _Mary Bosvile_, the
+second daughter and coheir, married Richard Burdett, of Derby, living
+1612. Their son, _George Burdett_, had by his first wife a son, whose
+issue failed; and by his second wife two daughters, eventually coheirs.
+
+Of these. _Mary Burdett_ married, first, Richard Pilkington, and second,
+Sir T. Beaumont, of Whitby: and _another sister_ married--Ramsden. No
+issue of either are recorded. The third sister, _Elizabeth Burdett_,
+married, at Hoyland, 6th Feb., 1636, the Rev. Daniel Clark, A.M., and
+died 27th Aug., 1679, at Fenney-Compton. Their great-grandson and sole
+male representative was the late _Joseph Clark_ of Northampton, whose
+descendants also quarter Hardwick.
+
+ELIZABETH HARDWICK, the next daughter, was the celebrated Countess of
+Shrewsbury. Her _representatives_ are all noble, and their pedigrees may
+be found in the Peerages. They are--
+
+1. _The Duke of Devonshire_, representing Wm. Cavendish, first earl.
+
+Certain descendants of Sir Charles Cavendish, of Welbeck Abbey, or
+rather of his grandson, Henry, second Duke of Newcastle, namely,
+
+2. The _Duke of Portland_, representing Margaret Pelham, the Duke's
+eldest coheir;
+
+3. The _Marquis of Salisbury_ from Catherine, and second coheir;
+
+4. The _Earl De la Warr_; and
+
+5. The _Earl of Aboyne_, are the coheirs of Sir Charles Cope, Baronet,
+of Orton; who represented Arabella, Countess of Sunderland, third
+coheir. These five all quarter Hardwick.
+
+ALICE HARDWICK, next daughter, married Francis Hercy, according to some
+pedigrees. No issue recorded.
+
+There are therefore descendants certainly known of only two of the
+children of John Hardwick. Possibly some of your correspondents can
+supply those of Wingfield and Hercy.
+
+The crest and arms of the Hardwicks may be found in Edmondson. They only
+quartered Pynchbeke. I am not aware of any motto. {284}
+
+Miss Costello, and other biographers of the Countess of Shrewsbury, have
+quite overlooked all the descendants of her sisters. Possibly, should
+these lines meet the eye of the Duke of Devonshire, who possesses the
+estates and papers of the Hardwicks, it may lead to more particulars
+concerning the family being made public.
+
+ERMINE.
+
+Torquay.
+
+
+_Quotations in Bishop Andrewes_ (Vol. ii., p. 245.).--
+
+  "Minutuli et patellares Dei."
+
+is from Plautus:
+
+  "Di me omnes magni minutique et patellarii."
+  _Cistell._ II. 1. 46.
+
+and
+
+  "Sed quæ de septem totum circumspicit orbem
+  Collibus, imperii Roma Deumque locus."
+
+is from Ovid (_Trist_. I. 5. 69.).
+
+J.E.B MAYOR.
+
+Marlborough College.
+
+
+_The Sun Feminine in English_ (Vol. ii., p. 21).--MR. COX may perhaps be
+pleased to learn _why_ the northern nations made the sun feminine. The
+ancient Germans and Saxons--
+
+    "When they discovered how the sun by his heat and influence
+    excited venereal love in creatures subserviant to his dominion,
+    they then varied his sex, and painted him like a woman, because
+    in them that passion is most impotent, and yet impetuous; on her
+    head they placed a myrtle crown or garland to denote her
+    dominion, and that love should be alwaies verdant as the myrtle;
+    in one hand she supported the world, and in the other three
+    golden apples, to represent that the world and its wealth are
+    both sustained by love. The three golden apples signified the
+    threefold beauty of the sun, exemplified in the morning,
+    meridian, and evening; on her breast was lodged a burning torch,
+    to insinuate to us the violence of the flame of love which
+    scorches humane hearts."--_Philipot's Brief and Historical
+    Discourse of the Original and Growth of Heraldry_, pp. 12, 13.
+    London, 1672.
+
+T.H. KERSLEY
+
+King William's College, Isle of Man.
+
+_Carpatio_ (Vol. ii., p. 247.).--Your Querist must be little versed in
+early Italian art, not to know that Vittore Carpaccio (such is the
+correct spelling) was one of the morning stars of the Venetian school;
+and his search must have been somewhat careless, as Carpaccio and his
+works are fully described in Kugler's _Handbook_, p. 149., and in Lanzi.
+Some exquisite figures of his, of which Mrs. Jameson has given a St.
+Stephen in her _Legendary Art_, exist in the Brera at Milan. He is a
+painter not sufficiently known in England, but one whom it may be hoped
+the Arundel Society will introduce by their engravings. I cannot assist
+J.G.N. in explaining the subject of his engraving. May _Cornubioe_ be by
+error for _Cordubioe_?
+
+CLERICUS.
+
+
+_The Character_ "&".--This character your correspondent will at once see
+is only the Latin word "et", written in a flourishing form; as we find
+it repeated in the abbreviation "&c.," for "et cetera". Its adoption as
+a contraction for the English word "and", arose, no doubt, from the
+facility of its formation; and the name it acquired was "and-per
+se-and", "and by itself and," which is easily susceptible of the
+corruptions noticed by MR. LOWER.
+
+[Greek: PHI].
+
+
+_Walrond Family_ (Vol. ii., p. 206.).--Burke, in his _History of the
+Commoners_, only gives the name of George, _one_ of the sons of Colonel
+Humphry Walrond. He also states that the colonel married _Elizabeth_,
+daughter of Nathaniel Napier, Esq., of More Critchel. Now Colonel
+Walrond appears from his petition (Royalist Comp. Papers, State Paper
+Office) dated 12th February, 1648, addressed to the Commissioners for
+Compounding with Delinquents, to have had _nine_ other children then
+living. He states: "Thus his eldest sonne George Walrond did absente
+himselfe for a short time from his father's house, and went into the
+king's army, where he unfortunately lost his right arme. That he having
+no estate at present, and but little in expectancy after his father's
+death, _he having ten_ children, and all _nine_ to be provided for out
+of y'e petitioner's small estate." In a similar petition, dated about
+two years later, from "_Grace_, the wife of Humphry Walrond, of Sea, in
+the county of Somerset, Esquire," she states "herself to be weake woman,
+and _having_ TEN children (whereof many are infants) to maintain." That
+he was married to this _Grace_, and _not to Elizabeth_ (as stated by
+Burke), as early as 1634, is clear from a licence to alienate certain
+lands at Ilminster, 10 Ch. I. (_Pat. Rolls_.)
+
+That they were both living in 1668 is proved by a petition in the State
+Paper Office (Read in Council, Ap. 8, 1688. Trade Papers, Verginia, No.
+I. A.):--"To the King's most excellent Ma'tie and the rt. hon'ble the
+Lords of his Maj. most hon'ble Privy Councel," from "Grace, the wife of
+Humphry Walrond, Esq." In this petition she states that her husband had
+been very severely prosecuted by Lord Willoughby, whose sub-governor he
+had been in Barbadoes. "He had contracted many debts by reason of his
+loyalty and suffering in the late troubles, to the loss of at least
+thirty thousand pounds." "That his loyalty and sufferings are
+notoriously known, both in this kingdom and the Barbadoes, where he was
+banished for proclaiming your Ma'tie after the murder of your royal
+father." Colonel Walrond is mentioned by Clarendon, Rushworth,
+Whitelock, &c.; but of the date of his death, the maiden name of his
+wife, and the Christian names of all his ten children, I can find no
+account.
+
+The arms S.S.S. inquires about on the monument {285} of Humphry Walrond,
+Esq., in Ilminster Church, are those of the family of Brokehampton.
+Humphry Walrond (who died 1580) married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir
+of John Brokehampton., of Sea, and so obtained that estate.
+
+W. DOWNING BRUCE.
+
+Middle Temple.
+
+
+_Blackguard_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--An early instance of the use of this
+word occurs in a letter from Richard Topcliffe (Aug. 30, 1578), printed
+in Lodge's _Illustrations_, vol. ii. p. 188. I quote from Mr. Jardine's
+_Criminal Trials_, vol. ii. p. 13.: "His house, Euston, far unmeet for
+her Highness, but fitter for the _Black Guard_."
+
+It also occurs in Fuller's _Church History_ (Book ix. cent. xvi. sect.
+vii. § 35. vol. v. p. 160. ed. Brewer):--"For who can otherwise conceive
+but such a prince-principal of darkness must be proportionably attended
+with a _black guard_ of monstrous opinions?"
+
+J.E.B. MAYOR.
+
+
+_Scala Coeli_ (Vol. i., pp. 366. 402. 455.).--Maundrell mentions, "at
+the coming out of Pilate's house, a descent, where was anciently the
+_Scala Sancta_." (_Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem_, p. 107.) This holy
+or heavenly stair was that by which the Redeemer was led down, by order
+of Pilate, according to the legend, and afterwards was, among other
+relics, carried to Rome. It is now in the Church of St. John Lateran,
+whither it is said to have been brought by St. Helena from Jerusalem.
+Pope Alexander Vl., and his successor Julius, granted to the Chapel of
+St. Mary built by King Henry VII., in Westminster Abbey--
+
+    "Easdem indulgencias et peccatorum remissiones ... quas
+    Celebrantes pro Defunctis in Capellâ _Scala Coeli_ nuncupatâ in
+    Ecclesiâ Trium Fontium extra muros Urbis Cisterciensis Ordinis
+    ... consequuntur."
+
+This indulgence of Pope Julius was dated in the year 1504; and its
+intention of drawing thither pilgrims and offerings was fully realised,
+we may believe: for in the year 1519 we find the brotherhood of St. Mary
+of Rouncevall by Charing Cross paying:--
+
+    "To the keper of Scala Celi in the Abby ... vjd."
+
+(See Rymer's _Foedera_, tom. v. pt. iv.; and Dugdale's _Monasticon_,
+vol. i. p. 320.)
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. Oxon.
+
+
+_Sitting during the Lessons_ (Vol. ii., p. 46.).--With respect to L.'s
+Query respecting sitting during the Lessons, I can venture no remarks;
+but the custom of standing during the reading of the Gospel is very
+ancient. In the mass of St. Chrysostom the priest exclaims, "Stand up,
+let us hear the holy Gospel." (Goar, _Rituale Græcorum_, p. 69.) The
+same custom appears in the Latin Liturgy of St. Basil:--"Cumque
+interpres Evangelii dicit 'State cum timore Dei' convertitur Sacerdos ad
+occidentem," etc. (_Renaudot_, vol. i. p. 7. Vide also "Liturgy of St.
+Mark," _Ren_. vol. i. p. 126.) The edition of Renaudot's _Liturgies_ is
+the reprint in 1847.
+
+N.E.R. (a subscriber).
+
+
+_Sitting during the Lessons._--There is no doubt, I believe, that in
+former times the people stood when the minister read the Lessons, to
+show their reverence. It is recorded in Nehemiah, viii. 5.:
+
+    "And Ezra opened the Book in the sight of all the people (for he
+    was above all the people), and when he opened it all the people
+    _stood_ up."
+
+Why this practice should have been altered, or why our Rubric should be
+silent on this head, does not appear quite clear, though I find in
+Wheatley (_On the Book of Common Prayer_, chap. vi. sec. vi.) that which
+seems to me to be a very sufficient reason, if not for the sitting
+during the Lessons, certainly for the standing during the reading of the
+Gospel, and sitting during the Epistle:--
+
+    "In St. Augustine's time the people always stood when the
+    lessons were read, to show their reverence to God's holy word:
+    but afterwards, when this was thought too great a burden, they
+    were allowed to sit down at the lessons, and were only obliged
+    to _stand_ at the reading of the Gospel; which always contains
+    something that Our Lord did speak, or suffered in His own
+    person. By which gesture they showed they had a greater respect
+    to the Son of God himself than they had to any other inspired
+    person, though speaking the word of God, and by God's
+    authority."
+
+WALTER MONTAGUE
+
+
+_Aërostation, Works on_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.).--To the numerous list of
+works on Aërostation which will no doubt be communicated to you in
+answer to the inquiry of C.B.M., I beg to add the following small
+contribution:--
+
+"Saggio Aereonautico di Giuseppe Donini Tifernate," 8vo. pp. 92. With
+four large folding Plates. Firenze 1819.
+
+Signor Donini also published in 1823 (in Citta di Castello per il
+Donati) the following pamphlet:--
+
+"Circolare Areonautico (sic) Guiseppe Dolini d Città di Castello a tutti
+i dotti, e ricchi nazionali, stranieri. 8vo." pp. 16. Oxford.
+
+J.M.
+
+
+_Aërostation._--Your correspondent C.B.M. (Vol. ii., p. 199.) will find
+some curious matter of _aërostation_ in poor Colonel Maceroni's
+_Autobiography_, 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+W.C.
+
+
+_Pole Money_ (Vol. ii., p. 231.).--The "pole money" alluded to in the
+extracts given by T.N.I., was doubtless the poll tax, which was revived
+in the reign of Charles II. Every one {286} knows that at an earlier
+period of our history it gave rise to Wat Tyler's insurrection. The tax
+was reimposed several times during the reign of William III. and it
+appears from a statement of the Lords in a conference which took place
+with the Commons on the subject in the first of William's reign, that
+the tax, previously to that time, was last imposed in the 29th of
+Charles II.
+
+C. ROSS.
+
+
+_Wormwood Wine_ (Vol. ii., p. 242.).--If, as MR. SINGER supposes,
+"Eisell was absynthites, or wormwood wine, a nauseously bitter
+medicament then much in use," Pepys' friends must have had a very
+singular taste, for he records, on the 24th November, 1660,--
+
+    "Creed and Shepley, and I, to the Rhonish wine house, and there
+    I did give them two quarts of wormwood wine."
+
+Perhaps the beverage was doctored for the English market, and rendered
+more palatable than it had been in the days of Stuckius.
+
+BRAYBROOKE.
+
+
+_Darvon Gatherall_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.).--Dervel Gadarn (vulgarly
+miscalled Darvel Gatheren) was son or grandson of Hywel or Hoel, son to
+Emyr of Britany. He was the founder of Llan-dervel Church, in Merioneth,
+and lived early in the sixth century. The destruction of his image is
+mentioned in the _Letters on the Suppression of Monasteries_, Nos. 95.
+and 101. Some account of it also exists in Lord Herbert's _Henry VIII._,
+which I cannot refer to. I was not aware his name had ever undergone
+such gross and barbarous corruption as _Darvon Gatherall_.
+
+A.N.
+
+
+_Darvon Gatherall_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.), or _Darvel Gatheren_, is spoken
+of in Sir H. Ellis's _Original Letters_, Series III., Letter 330. Hall's
+_Chronicle_, p. 826. ed. 1809.
+
+J.E.B. MAYOR.
+
+
+_Darvon Gatherall._--I send you an extract from Southey's _Common-place
+Book_, which refers to Darvon Gatherall. Southey had copied it from
+Wordworth's _Ecclesiastical Biography_, where it is given as quotation
+from Michael Wodde, who wrote in 1554. He says:--
+
+    "Who could, twenty years agone, say the Lord's Prayer in
+    English?... If we were sick of the pestilence, we ran to St.
+    Rooke: if of the ague, to St. Pernel, or Master John Shorne. If
+    men were in prison, they prayed to St. Leonard. If the Welshman
+    would have a purse, he prayed to _Darvel Gathorne_. If a wife
+    were weary of a husband, she offered oats at Poules; at London,
+    to St. Uncumber."
+
+Can any of your readers inform me who St. Uncumber was?
+
+PWCCA.
+
+
+    [Poules is St. Paul's. The passage from Michael Wodde is quoted
+    in Ellis' _Brand_, vol. i. p. 202. edit. 1841.]
+
+
+_Angels' Visits_ (Vol. i., p. 102.).--WICCAMECUS will find in Norris's
+_Miscellanies_, in a poem "To the Memory of my dear Neece, M.C." (Stanza
+X. p. 10. ed. 1692), the following lines:--
+
+  "No wonder such a noble mind
+  Her way to heaven so soon could find:
+  Angels, as 'tis but seldom they appear,
+  So neither do they make long stay;
+  They do but visit, and away."
+
+Mr. Montgomery (_Christian Poet_) long ago compared this passage with
+those cited by WICCAMECUS.
+
+J.E.B. MAYOR.
+
+
+_Antiquity of Smoking_ (Vol. ii., pp. 41. 216.).--On that interesting
+subject, "The Antiquity of Smoking," I beg to contribute the following
+"Note," which I made some years ego, but unfortunately without a
+reference to the author:--
+
+    "Some fern was evidently in use among the ancients: for
+    Athenæus, in his first book, quotes from the Greek poet,
+    Crobylus, these words:--
+
+      [Greek:
+      'Kai ton larung haedista purio temachiois
+      Kaminos, ouk anthropos.']
+
+      'And I will sweetly burn my throat with cuttings:
+      A chimney, not a man!'
+
+    "Now as, in a preceding line, the smoker boasts of his 'Idæan
+    fingers,' it is plain that every man rolled up his sharoot for
+    himself."
+
+H.G.
+
+
+_Antiquity of Smoking_ (Vol. ii., p. 216.).--_Herod_. lib. i. sec. 36.
+is referred to for some illustration, I suppose, of smoking through
+tubes. _Herodotus_ supplies nothing: perhaps _Herodian_ may be meant,
+though not very likely. Herb smoking was probably in use in Europe long
+before tobacco. But direct authority seems sadly wanting.
+
+SANDVICENSIS.
+
+
+"_Noli me tangere_" (Vol. ii., pp. 153. 219. 250.).--In a New Testament
+published by the Portusian Bible Society is a small ill-executed print,
+called "Christ appearing to Mary," copied from a picture by C. Ciguani.
+
+WEDSECNARF.
+
+
+_Partrige Family_ (Vol. ii., p. 230.).--Mr. Partrige's reference to
+Strype's _Ecclesiastical Memorials_ is quite unintelligible to those who
+have not access to the Oxford _reprint_ of that work. The reprint (I
+wish that in all other reprints a similar course was adopted) gives the
+paging of the original folio edition. I submit, therefore, that Mr.
+Partrige should have stated that the note he has made is from Strype's
+_Ecclesiastical Memorials_, vol. ii. p. 310.
+
+The grant to which Mr. Partrige refers is, I dare say, on the Patent
+Roll, 7 Edw. VI., which may be inspected at the Public Record Office,
+Rolls Chapel, on payment of a fee of 1s., with liberty to take a copy or
+extract in pencil gratuitously or a plain copy may be obtained at the
+rate of 6d. a folio.
+
+The act of 1 Mary, for the restitution in blood of the heirs of Sir
+Miles Partrige, if not given in the {287} large edition of the Statutes,
+printed by the Record Commissioners, may no doubt be seen at the
+Parliament Office, near the House of Lords, on payment of the fee of 5s.
+
+I believe I am correct in saying that no debates of that session are
+extant; but the proceedings on the various bills may probably be traced
+in the journals of the two Houses of Parliament, which are printed and
+deposited in most of our great public libraries.
+
+C.H. Cooper.
+
+Cambridge, Sept. 7, 1850
+
+
+_City Offices._--The best account of the different public offices of the
+city of London, with their duties, etc., that I know of, your
+correspondent A CITIZEN (Vol. ii., p. 216.) will find in the _Reports of
+the Municipal Corporation Commissioners_.
+
+W.C.
+
+
+_Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood_ (Vol. ii., p. 266.).--The
+claim set up on behalf of Father Paul to the honour of Harvey's
+discovery, which is noticed by your correspondent W.W.B., is
+satisfactorily disposed of in the life of Harvey in the _Biographia
+Britannica_, iv. 2548., note C. Harvey gave a copy of his treatise _De
+Motu Cordis_ to the Venetian ambassador in England. On his return home
+the ambassador lent the book to Father Paul, who made some extracts from
+it. After Father Paul's death, he was thought to be the author of these
+extracts and hence the story which your correspondent quotes. It might
+occasionally be convenient if your correspondents could make _a little_
+inquiry before they send off their letters to you.
+
+Beruchino.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+All who love the shady side of Pall Mall, and agree with Dr. Johnson
+that the tide of human enjoyment flows higher at Charing Cross than in
+any other part of the globe, will gladly welcome Mr. Jesse's recently
+published volumes entitled _London and its Celebrities_. They are
+pleasant, gossiping and suggestive, and as the reader turns over page
+after page of the historical recollections and personal anecdotes which
+are associated with the various localities described by Mr. Jesse, he
+will doubtless be well content to trust the accuracy of a guide whom he
+finds so fluent and so intelligent, and approve rather than lament the
+absence of those references to original authorities which are looked for
+in graver histories. The work is written after the style of Saint Foix'
+_Rues de Paris_, which Walpole once intended to imitate; and is executed
+with a tact which will no doubt render it very acceptable to those for
+whom it has been written, namely those persons whose avocations of
+business or pleasure lead them to traverse the thoroughfares of the
+great metropolis; and to whom it points out in a manner which we have
+correctly designated gossiping, pleasant, and suggestive, "such sites
+and edifices as have been rendered classical by the romantic or literary
+associations of past times."
+
+Messrs. Williams and Norgate have forwarded to us a Catalog of an
+extensive Collection of Books, the property of a distinguished
+physician, which are to be sold by auction in Berlin on the 21st of
+October. The library, which was forty years in forming, is remarkable
+for containing, besides numerous rare works in Spanish, Italian, French,
+and English Literature, a curious series of works connected with the
+American aborigines; and a most extensive collection of works on the
+subjects of Prison Discipline, Poor Laws, and those other great social
+questions which are now exciting such universal attention.
+
+We have received the following Catalogues: J. Miller's (43. Chandos
+Street, Trafalgar Square) Catalogue No. 11, for 1850 of Books Old and
+New, including a large Number of scarce and curious Works on Ireland,
+its Antiquities, Topography, and History; W. Heath's (29-1/2. Lincoln's
+Inn Fields) Catalogue No. 5. for 1850 of Valuable Second-hand Books in
+all Departments of Literature.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE
+
+TRANSLATION OF THE FRENCH LETTERS IN THE APPENDIX TO FOX'S HISTORY OF
+JAMES II. 4to. 1808 HUTTON'S (W.) ROMAN WALL, 8vo. 1801
+
+---- BARBERS, a Poem. 8vo. 1793 (Genuine edition, not the facsimile
+copy.)
+
+---- EDGAR AND ELPRIDA, 8vo. 1794
+
+Odd Volumes.
+
+BEYAN'S DICTIONARY OF PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS, 4to. London, 1816. Vol. I.
+
+SULLY'S MEMOIRS, Eight Volumes in French. London, 1763. Vol. II LES
+AVENTURES DE GIL BLAS. London, 1749. Vols. I and II.
+
+Letters, stating particulars and lowest prices, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to Mr. Dell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186 Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
+
+_Volume the First of Notes and Queries, with Title-page and very copius
+Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by
+order, of all Booksellers and newsmen._
+
+_The Monthly Part for September, being the Fourth of Vol. II, is also
+now ready, price 1s._
+
+_Notes and Queries may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: so
+that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in
+receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not
+yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in
+their Saturday parcels._
+
+_S.G. (C.C. Coll., Camb.), who writes respecting the History of Edward
+II., is refered to our First Volume, pp. 59. 91. 220._
+
+A Student of History. _The Oxford Chronological Tables published by
+Talboys, and now to be had of Bohn, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, at
+the reduced price of One Guinea, is, we believe, the best work of the
+kind referred to by our correspondent._
+
+S.S. _The Query respecting Pope's lines_,--"Welcome the coming, speed
+the parting guest," _has been answered. See_ No. 42. p. 188.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {288}
+
+ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
+
+26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, Sept. 23, 1850.
+
+At an ordinary meeting of the Central Committee of the Archæological
+Institute, the President in the chair, it was unanimously
+"Resolved--That the Committee, having taken into consideration the
+Resolution of the British Archæological Association, passed at their
+congress at Manchester, and also that of their Council of the 4th of
+September, and communicated by the President of the Association to the
+President of the Institute, are of opinion that the position and
+prospects of the Institute are such as to render inexpedient any
+essential modifications of it's existing rules and managements.
+
+"The Committee disclaim all unfriendly feeling towards the Association:
+they are of opinion that the field of Archæology is sufficiently wide
+for the operations of several societies without discord; but if the
+members of the Archæological Association should be disposed to unite
+with the Institute, the Central Committee will cordially receive them on
+the terms announced in their advertisement of September 9th, which was
+intended to be conciliatory, feeling assured that such a course cannot
+fail to meet with the entire approbation of the members of the
+Institute."
+
+By order of the Central Committee,
+
+H. BOWYER LANE, _Secretary_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,
+
+No. CLXXIV., will be published on Wednesday, October 2nd.
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+I.    TICKNOR'S HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE.
+II.   CHURCH AND EDUCATION IN WALES.
+III.  FORMS OF SALUTATION.
+IV.   SILURIA AND CALIFORNIA.
+V.    MORE ON THE LITERATURE OF GREECE.
+VI.   METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY.
+VII.  ANECDOTES OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.
+VIII. COCHRANE'S YOUNG ITALY.
+IX.   LAST DAYS OF LOUIS PHILIPPE.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Will be published on the 1st of November, 1850, with the other
+Almanacks,
+
+THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC REGISTER AND ALMANACK for 1850. Price 3s.
+6d.
+
+Dedicated by especial permission to H.R.H. Prince Albert, by J.W.G.
+GUTCH, M.R.C.S L., F.L.S.;
+
+Containing a condensed mass of scientific and useful information alike
+valuable to the student and man of science.
+
+Tenth Yearly issue.
+
+Published by D. Bogue, Fleet Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for OCTOBER will contain the following
+articles:--
+
+The Antiquities of Richborough, Reculver, and Lymne (with
+Engravings)--Original Letters of Miss Jane Porter and Count
+Suwarrow--Facts for a new Biographia Britannica--Origin of Newspapers in
+Germany--Memoir of Vauvanargues--Coronation Stone at
+Kingston-upon-Thames (with an Engraving)--The Burkes not concerned in
+Junius--Works of the Van Liugs in Painted Glass--Dr. Chalmers at
+Glasgow--Great Literary Piracy in the Prayer-book of the Ecclesiastical
+History Society--The new One-Hundred-and-fifty-three-Volume Catalogue of
+the British Museum. With Notes of the Month, Literary and Antiquarian
+Intelligence, Historical Chronicle, and Obituary, including Memoirs of
+Louis Philippe, Viscount Newark, Rt. Hon. C. Arbuthnot, Dr. Prout Dr.
+Bromet, John Roby, Esq., John Brumell, Esq., &c., &c. Price 2s. 6d.
+
+NICHOLS AND SON, 25. Parliament-street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Now Ready, 8vo., 3s.,
+
+AN EXAMINATION OF THE CENTURY QUESTION: to which is added, A Letter to
+the Author of "Outlines of Astronomy," respecting a certain peculiarity
+of the Gregorian System of Bissextile compensation.
+
+  "Judicio perpende: et si tibi vera videntur,
+   DEDE MANUS."                       Lucret.
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Lately Published, 8vo., price 12s.
+
+SYNOPSIS Of the DOCTRINE of BAPTISM, REGENERATION, CONVERSION, &c. From
+the Fathers and other Writers, to the End of the Fourth Century by J.A.
+WICKHAM, Esq. With a PREFACE, by the Rev. H.D. WICKHAM, M.A., late of
+Exeter College, Oxford.
+
+"Without saying that such an elaborate Collection is necessary, we may
+remark on its great utility, and express our hope that Mr. Wickham's
+labours will be appreciated by the public. It is curious that he should
+have begun, sixteen years ago, a compilation whose publication is so
+very appropriate to the present moment."--_Guardian_.
+
+"As an editor Mr. Wickham has shown much good taste, patience, and
+discernment. Further, he has written a very sensible introductory
+chapter on the use and authority of the Fathers".--_Church and State
+Gazette_.
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 1st of October, No. I., price 2s. 6d.
+
+DETAILS Of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE,
+
+measured and drawn from existing Examples, by J.K. COLLING, Architect.
+The work is intended to illustrate those features which have not been
+given in Messrs. Brandon's "Analysis:" it will be uniform with that
+work, and also the "Gothic Ornaments". Each Number will contain five
+4to. Plates, and be continued monthly.
+
+D. BOGUE, Fleet Street: sold also by G. BELL, Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Preparing for Publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.
+
+THE FOLK-LORE Of ENGLAND. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the
+Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances", "Lays and Legends of
+all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new
+contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore, and especially
+some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in
+the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries.
+
+Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and
+Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and
+will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to
+the care of Mr. BELL, Office of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Edited by W.F. HOOK, D.D.--Now ready, Third and Cheaper Edition, price
+3s. cloth, 6s. 6d. morocco,
+
+VERSES FOR HOLY SEASONS. BY C.F.H., Author of "The Baron's Little
+Daughters," "Moral Songs and Hymns for Little Children."
+
+"An unpretending and highly useful book, suggestive of right thoughts at
+the right season."--_English Journal of Education_.
+
+R. SLOCOMBE, Leeds; GEORGE BELL, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Just published, 3s. each plain; 4s. tinted. Parts 15. and 16. of
+
+RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, from Drawings by JOHN JOHNSON
+Architect, F.S.A. Lithographed by Alfred Newman.
+
+Contents:--
+
+Hedon Church, Yorkshire; Desborough, Northamptonshire; Molton,
+Lincolnshire; Bingham, Notts; Billingborough, Lincolnshire; St. John
+Devizes, Wiltshire; Aumsby, Lincolnshire; Terrington St. Clements,
+Norfolk.
+
+To be completed in Twenty Parts.
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK STRAW, Of NO. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5.
+New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL,, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of
+St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186.
+Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 28. 1850.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 48,
+Saturday, September 28, 1850, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+***** This file should be named 13463-8.txt or 13463-8.zip *****
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 48, Saturday,
+September 28, 1850, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 48, Saturday, September 28, 1850
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: September 15, 2004 [EBook #13463]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David
+King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page273" name=
+"page273"></a>{273}</span>
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS,
+ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3>
+<hr class="full" />
+<table summary="masthead" width="100%">
+<tr>
+<td align="left" width="25%"><b>No. 48.</b></td>
+<td align="center" width="50%"><b>SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 28,
+1850</b></td>
+<td align="right" width="25%"><b>Price Threepence.<br />
+Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+<table summary="Contents" align="center">
+<tr>
+<td align="left">NOTES:&mdash;</td>
+<td align="right">Page</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Riots in London</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page273">273</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Satirical Poems on William III.</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page275">275</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Shakspeare's Grief and Frenzy, by C. Forbes</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page275">275</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Etymological Notes</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page276">276</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Mistakes in Gibbon. by Rev. J.E.B. Mayor</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page276">276</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Minor Notes. History of
+Saracens&mdash;Hippopotamus&mdash;America&mdash;Pascal's
+Letters&mdash;Parson's Epigram</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page277">277</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">QUERIES:&mdash;</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">"Orkneyinga Saga"</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page278">278</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Minor Queries:&mdash;Incumbents of Church
+Livings&mdash;York Buildings Company&mdash;Saying ascribed to
+Montaigne&mdash;"Modum Promissionis"&mdash;Roman Catholic
+Theology&mdash;Wife of Edward the Outlaw&mdash;Conde's "Arabs in
+Spain"</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page278">278</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">REPLIES:&mdash;</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Cave's Historia Literaria, by Rev. Dr.
+Maitland</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page279">279</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Sir Garamer Vans</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page280">280</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Collar of SS., by Dr. Rock</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page280">280</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Joachin, the French Ambassador, by S.W.
+Singer</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page280">280</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Remains of James II.</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page281">281</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Handfasting</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page282">282</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Adam of Bremen's Julin, by Dr. Bell</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page282">282</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:&mdash;Bess of
+Hardwick&mdash;Bishop Andrewes&mdash;The Sun
+Feminine&mdash;Carpatio&mdash;Character "&amp;"&mdash;Walrond
+Family&mdash;Blackguard&mdash;Scala Coeli&mdash;Sitting during the
+Lessons&mdash;A&euml;rostation&mdash;Pole Money&mdash;Wormwood
+Wine&mdash;Darvon Gatherall&mdash;Angels' Visits&mdash;Antiquity of
+Smoking&mdash;"Noli me tangere"&mdash;Partrige Family&mdash;City
+Offices&mdash;Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page283">283</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:&mdash;</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &amp;c.</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page287">287</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Books and Odd Volumes Wanted</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page287">287</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page287">287</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left">Advertisements</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page288">288</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>NOTES.</h2>
+<h3>RIOTS OF LONDON.</h3>
+<p>Seventy years having passed away since the riots of London,
+there cannot be many living who remember them, and still fewer who
+were personally in contact with the tumultuous throng. Under such
+circumstances, I venture to offer for introduction into your useful
+and entertaining miscellany some incidents connected with that
+event in which I was either personally an actor or
+spectator&mdash;things not in themselves important, yet which may
+be to some of your readers acceptable and interesting as records of
+bygone days.</p>
+<p>The events of 1780, in themselves so terrific, were well adapted
+to be written indelibly on the memory of a young, and ardent boy.
+At any age they would have been engraved as with an iron pen; but
+their occurrence at the first age of my early boyhood, when no
+previous event had claimed particular attention, fixed them as a
+lasting memorial.</p>
+<p>The awful conflagrations had not taken place when I arrived in
+London from a large school in one of the midland counties in
+England, for the Midsummer vacation. So many of my school-fellows
+resided in the metropolis, or in a part of the country requiring a
+passage through London, that three or four closely-packed
+post-chaises were necessary; and to accomplish the journey in good
+time for the youngsters to be met by their friends, the journey was
+begun as near to four o'clock A.M. as was possible.</p>
+<p>The chaises, well crowned with boxes, and filled with joyous
+youth, were received at the Castle and Falcon, then kept by a Mr.
+Dupont, a celebrated wine merchant, and the friend of our estimable
+tutor. The whole of my schoolmates had been met by their respective
+friends, and my brother and I alone remained at the inn, when at
+length my mother arrived in a hackney-coach to fetch us, and from
+her we learned that the streets were so crowded that she could
+hardly make her way to us. No time was lost, and we were soon on
+our way homewards. We passed through Newgate Street and the Old
+Bailey without interruption or delay; but when we came into Ludgate
+Hill the case was far different; the street was full and the people
+noisy, permitting no carriage to pass unless the coachman took off
+his hat and acknowledged his respect for them and the object for
+which they had congregated. "Hat off, coachee!" was their cry. Our
+coachman would not obey their noisy calls, and there we were fixed.
+Long might we have remained in that unpleasant predicament had not
+my foreseeing parent sagaciously provided herself with a piece of
+ribbon of the popular colour, which she used to good effect by
+making it up into a bow with a long, streamer and pinning it to a
+white handkerchief, which she courageously flourished out of the
+window of the hackney-coach. Huzzas <span class="pagenum"><a name=
+"page274" id="page274"></a>{274}</span> and "Go on, coachee!" were
+shouted from the crowd and with no other obstruction than the full
+streets presented, we reached Beaufort Buildings, in the Strand,
+the street in which we resided.</p>
+<p>There a new scene presented itself, which was very impressive to
+our young minds. The street was full of soldiers, and the coachman
+said to my mother, "I cannot go down." A soldier addressed my
+mother: "No one, ma'am, can go down this street:" to whom my mother
+replied, "I live here, and am going to my own home." An officer
+then gave permission for us, and the coachman with our box, to
+proceed, and we were soon at our own door. The coachman, ignorant
+of the passport which the handkerchief and ribbon had proved, said,
+on setting the box down, "You see, ma'am, we got on without my
+taking off my hat: for who would take off his hat to such a set of
+fellows? I would rather have sat there all the day long."</p>
+<p>The assembling of the military in this street was to defend the
+dwellings of Mr. Kitchener and Mr. Heron, both these gentlemen
+being Roman Catholics. Mr. Kitchener (who was the father of Dr.
+Kitchener, the author of the <i>Cook's Oracle</i>) was an eminent
+coal merchant, whose wharf was by the river-side southward, behind
+Beaufort Buildings, then called Worcester Grounds<a id=
+"footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href=
+"#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>, as the lane leading to it was called
+Worcester Lane: but Mr. Kitchener, or his successor Mr. Cox,
+endeavoured to change it by having "Beaufort Wharf" painted on
+their wagons. Thus the name "Worcester Grounds" got lost; but the
+lane which bore the same name got no advantage by the change, for
+it received the appropriate title of "Dirty Lane," used only for
+carts and horses, foot passengers reaching the wharf by the steps
+at the bottom of Fountain Court and Beaufort Buildings.</p>
+<p>But to return to my narrative. My parents soon removed us out of
+this scene of public confusion, to the house of a relative residing
+at St. Pancras: and well do I remember the painful interest with
+which, as soon as it got dark, the whole family of my uncle used to
+go on the roof of the house and count the number of fires, guessing
+the place of each. The alarm was so great, though at a distance,
+that it was always late before the family retired to rest. I
+remained at St. Pancras until the riots had been subdued and peace
+restored; and now, though very many matters crowd my mind, as
+report after report then reached us, I will leave them to record
+only what I personally saw and heard.</p>
+<p>Before the vacation was ended, the trials of the prisoners had
+proceeded, and I went to a friend's house to see some condemned
+ones pass to execution. The house from which I had this painful
+view has been removed; the site is now the road to Waterloo Bridge.
+I believe it was because a lad was to be executed that I was
+allowed to go. The mournful procession passed up St. Catherine's
+Street, and from the distance I was, I could only see that the lad
+in height did not reach above the shoulders of the two men between
+whom he sat, who, with him, were to be executed in Russell Street.
+Universal and deep was the sympathy expressed towards the youth
+from the throng of people, which was considerable. As it was long
+before the street was sufficiently cleared to allow us to return
+home, the report came that the execution was over, and that the boy
+was so light that the executioner jumped on him to break his neck:
+and such was the effect of previous sympathy, that a feeling of
+horror was excited at the brutality (as they called it) of the
+action; but, viewing it calmly, it was wise, and intended kindly to
+shorten the time of suffering. While thus waiting, I heard an
+account of this boy's trial. A censure was expressed on the
+government for hanging one so young, when it was stated that this
+boy was the only one executed, though so many were guilty, as an
+example, as the proof of his guilt was unquestionable. A witness
+against him on the trial said, "I will swear that I have seen that
+boy actively engaged at several conflagrations." He was rebuked for
+thus positively speaking by the opposite counsel, when he said, "I
+am quite sure it is the active boy I have seen so often for I was
+so impressed with his flagrant conduct that I cut a piece out of
+his clothes:" and putting his hand into his pocket, he pulled out
+the piece which he had cut off, which exactly fitted to the boy's
+jacket. This decided his execution: yet justice was not vindictive,
+for very few persons were executed.</p>
+<p>I will trespass yet further on your pages to recite one other
+incident of the riots that occurred in connexion with the attack on
+the King's Bench prison, and the death of Allen, which made a great
+stir at the time. The incident I refer to happened thus:&mdash;At
+the gate of the prison two sentinels were placed. One of these was
+a fine-built young man, full six feet high: he had been servant to
+my father. On the day Allen was shot, or a day or two after, he
+came to my father for protection: my father having a high opinion
+of his veracity and moral goodness, took him in and sheltered him
+until quiet was restored. His name was M'Phin, or some such name;
+but as he was always called "Mac" by us, I do not remember his name
+perfectly. He stated that he and his fellow-soldier, while standing
+as sentries at the prison, were attacked by an uproarious mob, and
+were assailed with stones and brickbats;&mdash;that his companion
+called loudly to the mob, and said, "I will not fire until I see
+and mark a man that throws at us, and then he shall die. I don't
+want to kill the innocent, <span class="pagenum"><a name="page275"
+id="page275"></a>{275}</span> or any one; but he that flings at us
+shall surely die." Young Allen threw a brick-bat, and ran off; but
+Mac said, his fellow-soldier had seen it, and marked him. The crowd
+gave way; off went Allen and the soldier after him. Young Allen ran
+on, the soldier pursuing him, till he entered his father's
+premises, who was a cow-keeper, and <i>there</i> the soldier shot
+him. Popular fury turned upon poor Mac; and so completely was he
+thought to be the "murderer" of young Allen that 500<i>l.</i> was
+offered by the mob for his discovery. But my good father was
+faithful to honest Mac, and he lay secure in one of our upper rooms
+until the excitement was over.</p>
+<p>Allen's funeral was attended by myriads, and a monument was
+erected to his memory (which yet remains, I believe) in Newington
+churchyard, speaking lies in the face of the sun. If it were
+important enough, it deserves erasure as much as the false
+inscription on London's monument.</p>
+<p>As soon as the public blood was cool, "Mac" surrendered himself,
+was tried at the Old Bailey, and acquitted.</p>
+<p>Should it be in the power of any of the readers of your
+interesting miscellany, by reference to the Session Papers, to give
+me the actual name of poor "Mac," I shall feel obliged.</p>
+<p class="author">SENEX.</p>
+<p>September 9. 1850.</p>
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name=
+"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href=
+"#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+<p>Mr. Cunningham, vol. i. p. 69., gives an interesting quotation
+from Strype respecting Worcester House, which gave the name of
+"Worcester Grounds" to Mr. Kitchener's property.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<hr />
+<h3>SATIRICAL POEMS ON WILLIAM III.</h3>
+<p>Some years since I copied from a MS. vol., compiled before 1708,
+the following effusions of a Jacobite poet, who seems to have been
+"a good hater" of King William. I have made ineffectual efforts to
+discover the witty author, or to ascertain if these compositions
+have ever been printed. My friend, in whose waste-book I found
+them,&mdash;a beneficed clergyman in Worcestershire, who has been
+several years dead,&mdash;obtained them from a college friend
+during the last century.</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"UPON KING WILLIAM'S TWO FIRST CAMPAGNES.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"'Twill puzzle much the author's brains,</p>
+<p class="i2">That is to write your story,</p>
+<p>To know in which of these campagnes</p>
+<p class="i2">You have acquired most glory:</p>
+<p>For when you march'd the foe to fight,</p>
+<p class="i2">Like Heroe, nothing fearing,</p>
+<p>Namur was taken in your sight,</p>
+<p class="i2">And Mons within your hearing."</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza"></div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"ON THE OBSERVING THE 30TH OF JANUARY, 1691.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"Cease, Hippocrites, to trouble heaven</p>
+<p class="i2">How can ye think to be forgiven</p>
+<p class="i4">The dismall deed you've done?</p>
+<p class="i2">When to the martyr's sacred blood,</p>
+<p class="i2">This very moment, if you could,</p>
+<p class="i4">You'd sacrifice his son."</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza"></div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"ON KING WILLIAM'S RETURN OUT OF FLANDERS.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"Rejoice, yee fops, yo'r idoll's come agen</p>
+<p class="i2">To pick yo'r pocketts, and to slay yo'r men;</p>
+<p class="i2">Give him yo'r millions, and his Dutch yo'r lands:</p>
+<p class="i2">Don't ring yo'r bells, yee fools, but wring yo'r
+hands."</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="author">GRENDON.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>SHAKSPEARE'S GRIEF AND FRENZY.</h3>
+<p>I have looked into many an edition of Shakspeare, but I have not
+found one that traced the connexion that I fancy exists between the
+lines&mdash;</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>Cassius.</i> "I did not think you could have been so
+angry."</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>Brutus.</i> "O Cassius! I am sick of many griefs."</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>or between</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>Brutus.</i> "No man bears sorrow better.&mdash;Portia is
+dead."</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>Cassius.</i> "How 'scaped I killing when I crossed you
+so!"</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>Julius C&aelig;sar</i>, Act iv. Sc. 3.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>which will perhaps better suit the object that I have in view.
+The editors whose notes I have examined probably thought the
+connexion so self-evident or insignificant as not to require either
+notice or explanation. If so, I differ from them, and I therefore
+offer the following remarks for the <i>amusement</i> rather than
+for the <i>instruction</i> of those who, like myself, are not at
+all ashamed to confess that they cannot read Shakspeare's music
+"<i>at sight</i>." I believe that both <i>Replies</i> contain an
+allusion to the fact that <i>Anger, grafted on sorrow, almost
+invariably assumes the form of frenzy; that it is in every sense of
+the word "Madness," when the mind is unhinged, and reason, as it
+were, totters from the effects of grief</i>.</p>
+<p>Cassius had but just mildly rebuked Brutus for making no better
+use of his philosophy, and now&mdash;startled by the sudden sight
+of his bleeding, mangled heart&mdash;"Portia is&mdash;Dead!" pays
+involuntary homage to the very philosophy he had so rashly
+underrated by the exclamation&mdash;</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"How 'scaped I <i>killing</i> when I crossed you so!"</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>I wish, if possible, to support this view of the case by the
+following passages:&mdash;</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>I. Romeo's address to Balthasar.</p>
+<p class="i4">"But if thou ... roaring sea."</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>II. His address to Paris.</p>
+<p class="i4">"I beseech thee youth ... away!"</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>Romeo and Juliet</i>, Act v. Sc. 3.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<blockquote>
+<p>III. "The poor father was ready to fall down dead; but he
+grasped the broken oar which was before him, jumped up, and called
+in a faltering voice,&mdash;'Arrigozzo! Arrigozzo!' This was but
+for a moment. Receiving no answer, he ran to the top of the rock;
+looked at all around, ran his eye over all who were safe, one by
+one, but could not find his son among them. Then seeing the count,
+who had so lately been finding fault <span class="pagenum"><a name=
+"page276" id="page276"></a>{276}</span> with his son's name, he
+roared out,&mdash;'Dog, are you here?' And, brandishing the broken
+oar, he rushed forward to strike him on the head. Bice uttered a
+cry, Ottorino was quick in warding off the blow; in a minute, Lupo,
+the falconer, and the boatmen, disarmed the frantic man; who,
+striking his forehead with both hands, gave a spring, and threw
+himself into the lake.</p>
+<p>"He was seen fighting with the angry waves, overcoming them with
+a strength and a courage which desperation alone can
+give."&mdash;<i>Marco Viconti</i>, vol. i. chap. 5.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>IV. A passage that has probably already occurred to the mind of
+the reader, Mucklebackit mending the cable in which his son had
+been lost:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"'There is a curse either on me or on this auld black bitch of a
+boat, that I have hauled up high and dry, and pitched and clouted
+sae mony years, that she might drown my poor Steenie at the end of
+them, an' be d&mdash;&mdash;d to her!' And he flung his hammer
+against the boat, as if she had been the intentional cause of his
+misfortune"&mdash;<i>Antiquary</i>, vol. ii. chap. 13. Cadell,
+1829.</p>
+<p>V. "Giton pr&aelig;cipu&egrave;, <i>ex dolore in rabiem
+efferatus</i>, tollit clamorem, me, utr&acirc;que manu impulsum,
+pr&aelig;cipitat super lectum."&mdash;Petron. <i>Arb. Sat.</i> cap.
+94.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The classical reader will at once recognise the force of the
+words "rabiem," "efferatus," "pr&aelig;cipitat," in this passage.
+The expression "utr&acirc;que manu" may not at first sight arrest
+his attention. It seems always used to express the most intense
+eagerness; see</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"Ijecit utramque lacini&aelig; manum."&mdash;Pet. <i>Arb.
+Sat.</i> 14.</p>
+<p>"Utr&acirc;que manu Deorum beneficia tractat."&mdash;<i>Ib.</i>
+140.</p>
+<p>"Upon which Menedemus, incensed at his insolence,
+answered,&mdash;'Nothing is more necessary than the preservation of
+Lucullus;' and thrust him back <i>with both
+hands</i>."&mdash;Plutarch, <i>Life of Lucullus</i>.</p>
+<p>"Women have a sort of natural tendency to cross their husbands:
+they lay hold <i>with both hands</i> [&agrave; deux mains] on all
+occasions to contradict and oppose them, and the first excuse
+serves for a plenary justification."&mdash;Montaigne,
+<i>Essays</i>, book 2. chap. 8.</p>
+<p>"Marmout, deceived by the seemingly careless winter attitude of
+the allies, left Ciudad Rodrigo unprotected within their reach and
+Wellington jumped <i>with both feet</i> upon the devoted fortress
+of Napier," <i>Pen. War</i>, vol. iv. p. 374.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Any apology for the unwarrantable length of this discursive
+despatch, would, of course, only make matters worse.</p>
+<p class="author">C. FORBES.</p>
+<p>Temple.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES.</h3>
+<p>1. <i>Gnatch.</i>&mdash;"The covetous man dares not gnatch"
+(Hammond's <i>Catechism</i>). From this, and the examples in
+Halliwell's <i>Dictionary</i>, the sense seems to be "to move." Is
+it related to "gnake?"</p>
+<p>2. <i>Pert.</i>&mdash;I lately met with an instance of the use
+of this word in the etymological sense <i>peritus</i>: "I beant
+peart at making button-holes," said a needlewoman.</p>
+<p>3. <i>Rococo.</i>&mdash;A far-fetched etymology suggests itself.
+A wealthy noble from the north might express his admiration for the
+luxuries of Paris by the Russian word [Cyrillic: roskosha], or
+Polish <i>roskosz</i>. A Frenchman, catching the sound, might apply
+it to anything extravagant enough to astonish a barbarian.</p>
+<p>4. <i>Cad.</i>&mdash;The letters from Scotland ascribed to a
+Captain Burtt, employed in surveying the forfeited estates, give an
+account of the "cawdies," or errand boys, of Edinburgh.</p>
+<p>5. <i>Fun</i>, perhaps Irish, <i>fonamhad</i>, jeering, mockery
+(Lhuyd, <i>Arch&aelig;ologia Britannica</i>).</p>
+<p>6. <i>Bumbailiff.</i>&mdash;The French have <i>pousse-cul</i>,
+for the follower or assistant to the sergeant.</p>
+<p>7. Epergne, perhaps <i>&eacute;pargne</i>, a save-all or
+hold-all. Here seems no more difficulty in the transfer of the name
+than in that of chiffonier, from a rag-basket to a piece of
+ornamental furniture.</p>
+<p>8. <i>Doggrel.</i>&mdash;Has the word any connexion with
+<i>sdrucciolo</i>?</p>
+<p>9. <i>Derrick.</i>&mdash;A spar arranged to form an extempore
+crane. I think Derrick was the name of an executioner.</p>
+<p>10. <i>Mece</i>, A.-S., a knife. The word is found in the
+Sclavonic and Tartar dialects. I thinly I remember some years ago
+reading in a newspaper of rioters armed with "pea makes." I do not
+remember any other instance of its use in English.</p>
+<p class="author">F.Q.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>MISTAKES IN GIBBON.</h3>
+<p>The following references may be of use to a future editor of
+Gibbon; Mr. Milman has not, I believe, rectified any of the
+mistakes pointed out by the authors cited.</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>In the Netherlands ... 50,000 in less than fifty years were ...
+sacrificed to the intolerance of popery. (Fra Paolo, <i>Sarpi Conc.
+Trid.</i> 1. i. p. 422. ed. sec. Grotius, in his <i>Annal.
+Belq.</i> 1. v. pp. 1G, 17. duod., including <i>all</i> the
+persecutions of Charles V, makes the number 100,000. The supposed
+contradiction between these two historians supplied Mr. Gibbon with
+an argument by which he satisfied himself that be had completely
+demolished the whole credibility of Eusebius's history. See
+conclusion of his 16th book.) [Mendham's <i>Life of Pius V.</i>, p.
+303. and note; compare p. 252., where Gibbon's attack on Eusebius
+is discussed.]</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>In Forster's <i>Mahometanism Unveiled</i>, several of Gibbon's
+statements are questioned. I have not the book at hand, and did not
+think the corrections very important when I read it some time
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page277" id=
+"page277"></a>{277}</span> back. The reader who has it may see pp.
+339. 385. 461-2. 472. 483. 498. of the second volume.</p>
+<p>In Dr. Maitland's <i>Dark Ages</i>, p. 229. seq. note, a gross
+blunder is pointed out.</p>
+<p>See too the <i>Gentlemans Magazine</i>, July, 1839, p. 49.</p>
+<p>Dr. Maitland, in his <i>Facts and Documents relating to the
+ancient Albigenses and Waldenses</i>, p. 217. note, corrects an
+error respecting the <i>Book of Sentences</i>.</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"Gibbon, speaking of this <i>Book of Sentences</i>, in a note on
+his 54th chapter, says, 'Of a list of criminals which fills
+nineteen folio pages, only <i>fifteen</i> men and <i>four</i> women
+were delivered to the secular arm.' Vol. v. p. 535. I believe he
+should have said <i>thirty-two</i> men and <i>eight</i> women; and
+imagine that he was misled by the fact that the index-maker most
+commonly (but by no means always) states the nature of the sentence
+passed on each person. From the book, however, it appears that
+forty persons were so delivered, viz., twenty-nine Albigenses,
+seven Waldenses, and four Beguins."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The following mistake was pointed out by the learned Cork
+correspondent of the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, I think in 1838;
+it has misled the writer of the article "Anicius", in Smith's
+<i>Dictionary of Ancient Biography</i>, and is not corrected by Mr.
+Milman (Gibbon, chap. xxxi. note 14 and text):&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"During the first five ages, the name of the Anicians was
+unknown. The earliest date in the annals of Pighius is that of M.
+Anicius Gallus, Tr. Plebis A.U.C. 506. Another Tribune, Q. Anicius,
+A.U.C. 508, is distinguished by the epithet Pr&aelig;nestinus."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>We learn from Pliny, <i>H.N.</i> xxxiii. 6., that Q. Anicius
+Pr&aelig;nestinus was the colleague as curule &aelig;dile of
+Flavius, the famous <i>scriba</i> of Appius C&aelig;cus, B.C. 304,
+A.U.C. 450. (See Fischer, <i>R&ouml;m. Zeittafeln</i>, p. 61-2.)
+Pliny's words are&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"[Flavius] tantam gratiam plebis adeptus est ... ut &aelig;dilis
+curulis crearetur cum Q. Anicio Pr&aelig;nestino."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Gibbon's chapter on Mahomet seems to be particularly
+superficial; it is to be hoped that a future editor will correct it
+by the aid of Von Hammer's labours.</p>
+<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p>
+<p>Marlborough College.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>MINOR NOTES</h3>
+<p><i>"Ockley's History of the Saracens," and unauthentic
+Works.</i>&mdash;At the end of a late edition of Washington
+Irving's <i>Life of Mahomet</i>, those "who feel inclined to peruse
+further details of the life of Mahomet, or to pursue the course of
+Saracenic history," are referred to <i>Ockley</i>. Students should
+be aware of the character of the histories they peruse. And it
+appears, from a note in Hallam's <i>Middle Ages</i> (vol. ii. p.
+168.), that Wakidi, from whom Ockley translated his work, was a
+"mere fabulist," as Reiske observes, in his preface to
+Abulfeda.</p>
+<p>Query, Would it not be well, if some of your more learned
+correspondents would communicate to students, through the medium of
+"NOTES AND QUERIES," a list of such books as are genuine but not
+authentic; and authentic but not genuine, or altogether spurious?
+or would point out the sources from which such information can be
+obtained?</p>
+<p class="author">P.H.F.</p>
+<p><i>The Hippopotamus.</i>&mdash;Your correspondent L. (Vol. ii.,
+p. 35.) says, "None of the Greek writers appear to have seen a live
+hippopotamus:" and again, "The hippopotamus, being an inhabitant of
+the Upper Nile, was imperfectly known to the ancients." Herodotus
+says (ii. 71.) that this animal was held sacred by the Nomos of
+Papremis, but not by the other Egyptians. The city of Papremis is
+fixed by B&auml;hr in the west of the Delta (ad ii. 63.); and
+Mannert conjectured it to be the same as the later Xo&iuml;s, lying
+between the Sebennytic and Canopic branches, but nearer to the
+former. Sir Gardner Wilkinson says, several representations of the
+hippopotamus were found at Thebes, one of which he gives
+(<i>Egyptians</i>, vol. iii. pl. xv.). Herodotus' way of speaking
+would seem to show that he was describing from his own observation:
+he used Hecat&aelig;us, no doubt, but did not blindly copy him.
+Hence, I think, we may infer that Herodotus himself saw the
+hippopotamus, and that this animal was found, in his day, even as
+far north as the Delta: and also, that the species is gradually
+dying out, as the aurochs is nearly gone, and the dodo quite. The
+crocodile is no longer found in the Delta.</p>
+<p class="author">E.S. JACKSON</p>
+<p><i>America.</i>&mdash;The probability of a short western passage
+to India is mentioned in <i>Aristotle de Coelo</i>, ii., near the
+end.</p>
+<p class="author">F.Q.</p>
+<p><i>Pascal's Lettres Provinciales.</i>&mdash;I take the liberty
+of forwarding to you the following "Note," suggested by two curious
+blunders which fell under my notice some time ago.</p>
+<p>In Mr. Stamp's reprint of the Rev. C. Elliott's <i>Delineation
+of Romanism</i> (London, 8vo. 1844), I find (p. 471., in note) a
+long paragraph on Pascal's <i>Lettres Provinciales</i>:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"This exquisite production," says the English editor, "<i>is
+accompanied, in some editions of it, with the learned and judicious
+observations of Nicole</i>, who, under the fictitious name of
+Guillaume Wendrock, has fully demonstrated the truths of those
+facts which Pascal had advanced without quoting his authorities;
+and has placed, in a full and striking light, several interesting
+circumstances which that great man had treated with perhaps too
+much brevity. <i>These letters ... were translated into Latin by
+Ruchelius</i>."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>From Mr. Stamp's remarks the reader is led to conclude that the
+<i>text</i> of the <i>Lettres Provinciales</i> <span class=
+"pagenum"><a name="page278" id="page278"></a>{278}</span> is
+accompanied in some editions by observations of Wendrock (Nicole),
+likewise in the French language. Now such an assertion merely
+proves how carelessly some annotators will study the subjects they
+attempt to elucidate. Nicole <i>translated</i> into Latin the
+<i>Provincial Letters</i>; and the masterly disquisitions which he
+added to the volume were, in their turn, "made French" by
+Mademoiselle de Joncoux, and annexed to the editions of 1700, 1712,
+1735.</p>
+<p>As for Rachelius, if Mr. Stamp had taken the trouble to refer to
+Placcius' <i>Theatr. Anonym. et Pseud.</i>, he night have seen
+(Art. 2,883.) that this worthy was merely a German <i>editor</i>,
+not a translator of Pascal cum Wendrock.</p>
+<p>The second blunder I have to notice has been perpetrated by the
+writer of an otherwise excellent article on Pascal in the last
+number of the <i>British Quarterly Review</i> (No. 20. August). He
+mentions Bossuet's edition of the <i>Pens&eacute;es</i>, speaks of
+"<i>the prelate</i>," and evidently ascribes to the famous Bishop
+of Meaux, <i>who died in</i> 1704, the edition of Pascal's
+<i>Thoughts, published in</i> 1779 <i>by Bossuet</i>. (See pp. 140.
+142.)</p>
+<p class="author">GUSTAVE MASSON.</p>
+<p><i>Porson's Epigram.</i>&mdash;I made the following Note many
+years ago:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"The late Professor Porson's own account of his academic visits
+to the Continent:&mdash;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"'I went to Frankfort, and got drunk</p>
+<p>With that most learn'd professor&mdash;Brunck:</p>
+<p>I went to Worts, and got more drunken,</p>
+<p>With that more learn'd professor Ruhncken.'"</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>But I do not remember where or from whom I got it. Is anything
+known about it, or its authenticity?</p>
+<p class="author">P.H.F.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>QUERIES.</h2>
+<h3>"ORKNEYINGA SAGA."</h3>
+<p>In the introduction to Lord Ellesmere's <i>Guide to Northern
+Arch&aelig;ology</i>, p. xi., is mentioned the intended publication
+by the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries, Copenhagen, of a
+volume of historical antiquities to be called <i>Antiquitates
+Britannic&aelig; et Hibernic&aelig;</i>. In the contents of this
+volume is noticed the <i>Orkneyinga Saga</i>, a history of the
+Orkney and Zetland Isles from A.D. 865 to 1234, of which there is
+only the edition Copenhagen, 1780, "chiefly printed," it is said,
+"from a modern paper manuscript, and by no means from the
+celebrated Codex Flateyensis written on parchment in the fourteenth
+century." This would show that the Codex Flateyensis was the most
+valuable manuscript of the work published under the name of the
+<i>Orkneyinga Saga</i>, of which its editor, Jonas Jon&aelig;us, in
+his introductory address to the reader, says its author and age are
+equally unknown: "auctor incertus incerto &aelig;que tempore
+scripsit." The <i>Orkneyinga Saga</i> concludes with the burning of
+Adam Bishop, of Caithness, by the mob at Thurso while John was Earl
+of Orkney, and according to Dalrymple's <i>Annals</i> in A.D. 1222;
+but in the narrative given by the historian Torf&aelig;us, in his
+<i>Orcades</i>, of Haco, King of Norway's expedition against the
+western coast of Scotland in 1263, which terminated in the defeat
+of the invaders by the Scots at Largs, in Ayrshire, and the death
+of King Haco on his return back in the palace of the bishop of
+Orkney at Kirkwall, reference is made to the Codex Flateyensis as
+to the burial of King Haco in the city of Bergen, in Norway, where
+his remains were finally deposited, after lying some months before
+the shrine of the patron saint in the cathedral of Saint Magnus, at
+Kirkwall. There is not a syllable of King Haco or his expedition in
+the <i>Orkneyinga Saga</i>; and as I cannot reconcile this
+reference of Torf&aelig;us (2nd edition, 1715, book ii. p. 170.)
+with the <i>Saga</i>, the favour of information is desired from
+some of your antiquarian correspondents. The Codex Flateyensis has
+been ascribed to a pensioner of the king of Norway resident in
+Flottay, one of the southern isles of Orkney, but with more
+probability can be attributed to some of the monks of the monastery
+built on the small island of Flatey, lying in Breida Fiord, a gulf
+on the west coast of Iceland.</p>
+<p class="author">W.H.F.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3>
+<p><i>Incumbents of Church Livings in Kent.</i>&mdash;I have by me
+the following MS. note:&mdash;"A list of B.A.'s graduated at
+Cambridge from 1500 to 1735 may be found in 'Additional MSS.
+British Museum, No. 5,585.'" Will any of your correspondents inform
+me if this reference is correct, and if the list can be
+examined?</p>
+<p>Is there in the British Museum or elsewhere a list of incumbents
+of church livings in Kent (with name and birthplace) from 1600 to
+1660?</p>
+<p class="author">BRANBRIDGES.</p>
+<p><i>York Buildings Company.</i>&mdash;This company existed about
+the middle of the last century. I shall be glad to be informed
+where the papers connected with it are to be met with, and may be
+referred to.</p>
+<p class="author">WDN.</p>
+<p><i>Saying ascribed to Montaigne.</i>&mdash;The saying, "I have
+here only made a nosegay of culled flowers, and have brought
+nothing of my own but the thread that ties them," is usually
+ascribed to Montaigne. In what part of his works are these words to
+be found? I heard doubts expressed of their genuineness some years
+ago by a reader of the <i>Essays</i>; and my own search for them
+has also proved hitherto unsuccessful.</p>
+<p class="author">C. FORBES.</p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page279" id=
+"page279"></a>{279}</span>
+<p>"<i>Modum promissionis</i>."&mdash;Will any of your readers help
+to interpret the following expression in a medi&aelig;val
+author:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"(Ut vulg&ograve; loquitur) modum promissionis ostendit?"</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>I have reason to think that <i>modum promissionis</i> means "a
+provisional arrangement:" but by whom, and in what common parlance,
+was this expression used?</p>
+<p class="author">C.W.B.</p>
+<p><i>Roman Catholic Theology.</i>&mdash;Is there any work
+containing a list of Roman Catholic theological works published in
+the English language from the year 1558 to 1700?</p>
+<p class="author">M.Y.A.H.</p>
+<p><i>Wife of Edward the Outlaw.</i>&mdash;Can any of your
+correspondents inform me who was the wife of Edward the Outlaw, and
+consequently mother of Margaret of Scotland, and ancestress of the
+kings of England?</p>
+<p>The account adopted by most historians is that Canute, in 1017,
+sent the two sons of Edmund Ironside to the king of Denmark, whence
+they were transferred to Solomon, king of Hungary, who gave his
+sister to the eldest; and, on his death without issue, married the
+second Edward to Agatha, daughter of the Emperor Henry II. (or, in
+some accounts, Henry III., or even, in Grafton's <i>Chronicles</i>,
+called Henry IV.), and sister to his own queen.</p>
+<p>That Edward the Outlaw returned to England in 1057, having had
+five children, of whom three survived: Edgar; Margaret, who in 1067
+married King Malcolm of Scotland, and another daughter.</p>
+<p>Now this account is manifestly incorrect. The Emperor Henry II.
+died childless: when on his death-bed he restored his wife to her
+parents, declaring that both he and she had kept their vows of
+chastity.</p>
+<p>Solomon did not ascend the throne of Hungary until 1063, in
+which year he had also married Sophia, daughter of the Emperor
+Henry III.; but this monarch (who was born in October, 1017,
+married his first wife in 1036, who died, leaving one child, in
+1038 and his second wife in November 1043) could not be the
+grandfather of the five children of Edward the Outlaw, born prior
+to 1057.</p>
+<p>The <i>Saxon Chronicle</i> says, that Edward married Agatha the
+emperor's cousin.</p>
+<p class="author">E.H.Y.</p>
+<p><i>Conde's "Arabs in Spain"</i>.&mdash;In Professor de
+Vericour's <i>Historical Analysis of Christian Civilisation</i>,
+just published, it is stated (p. 499.) that Conde's <i>Arabs in
+Spain</i> has been translated into English. I have never met with a
+translation, and fancy that the Professor has made a mistake. Can
+any of your correspondents decide? I know that a year or two ago,
+Messrs. Whittaker announced that a translation would form part of
+their <i>Popular Library</i>; but for some reason (probably
+insufficient support) it never appeared. Query, Might not Mr. Bohn
+with advantage include this work in his <i>Standard
+Library</i>?</p>
+<p class="author">IOTA.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>REPLIES.</h2>
+<h3>CAVE'S HISTORIA LITERARIA.</h3>
+<p>I do not know whether the notices respecting Cave's <i>Historia
+Literaria</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 230. 255.) hold out any prospect of a
+new edition. It is much to be desired; and as it may be done at
+some time or other, you will perhaps allow me to make a Note of a
+circumstance which accidentally came to my knowledge, and should be
+known to any future editor. It is simply this: in the second volume
+of the Oxford edition of 1740, after the three dissertations,
+&amp;c., there are fifteen pages, with a fresh pagination of their
+own, entitled, "Not&aelig; MSS. et Accessiones <i>Anonymi</i> ad
+Cavei Historiam Literariam, Codicis Margini adscript&aelig;, in
+Bibliotheca Lambethana. Manus est plane Reverendiss. <i>Thom&aelig;
+Tenison</i>, Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi." Not to occupy more of
+your valuable space than is necessary, I will merely observe that
+the "Anonymus" was not Archbishop Tenison, but Henry Wharton. There
+can be no doubt in the mind of any person acquainted with the
+handwriting of the parties; and to those to whom such a notice is
+likely to be of any use at all, it is unnecessary to say that the
+difference is important. I need scarcely add, that if ever a new
+edition is undertaken, Wharton's books and papers, and other things
+in the Lambeth collection of MSS., should be examined.</p>
+<p class="author">S.R. MAITLAND.</p>
+<p><i>Cave's Historia Literaria</i> (Vol ii., p. 230.).&mdash;</p>
+<p>1. London, 1688-1698, 2 vols. folio. This was the first edition.
+A curious letter from Cave to Abp. Tenison respecting the
+assistance which H. Wharton furnished to this work is printed in
+Chalmers' <i>Biog. Dict.</i>, vol. xxxi. p. 343.</p>
+<p>2. Geneva, 1693, folio.</p>
+<p>3. &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;, 1694, folio.</p>
+<p>4. &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;, 1705, folio.</p>
+<p>5. Coloni&aelig; Allobrogum, 1720, folio.</p>
+<p>6. Oxon. 1740-43, 2 vols. folio. Dr. Waterland rendered
+important aid in bringing out this edition, which Bp. Marsh
+pronounces "the best." It seems from some letters of Waterland's to
+John Loveday, Esq. (works by Van Mildert, 1843, vol. vi. p.
+423-436.), that Chapman, a petty canon of Windsor, was the
+editor.</p>
+<p>7. Basil, 1741-5, 2 vols. folio. This is said to be an exact
+reprint from the Oxford edition.</p>
+<p>Watt and Dr. Clarke mention an edition, 1749, 2 vols. folio; but
+I cannot trace any copy of such edition.</p>
+<p class="author">JOHN I. DREDGE.</p>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page280" id=
+"page280"></a>{280}</span>
+<h3>SIR GAMMER VANS.</h3>
+<p>In reply to C.'s inquiry (Vol. ii., p. 89.) as to a comic story
+about one <i>Sir Gammer Vans</i>, I have pleasure in communicating
+what little information I have on the subject. Some years ago, when
+I was quite a boy, the story was told me by an Irish clergyman,
+since deceased. He spoke of it as an old Irish tradition, but did
+not give his authority for saying so. The story, as he gave it,
+contained no allusion to an "aunt" or "mother." I do not know
+whether it will be worthy of publication: but here it is, and you
+can make what use of it you like:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"Last Sunday morning at six o'clock in the evening, as I was
+sailing over the tops of the mountains in my little boat, I met two
+men on horseback riding on one mare: so I asked them 'Could they
+tell me whether the little old woman was dead yet, who was hanged
+last Saturday week for drowning herself in a shower of feathers?'
+They said they could not positively inform me, but if I went to Sir
+Gammar Vans he could tell me all about it. 'But how am I to know
+the house?' said I. 'Ho, 'tis easy enough,' said they, 'for it's a
+brick house, built entirely of flints, standing alone by itself in
+the middle of sixty or seventy others just like it.' 'Oh, nothing
+in the world is easier,' said I. 'Nothing <i>can</i> be easier,'
+said they: so I went on my way. Now this Sir G. Vans was a giant,
+and bottlemaker. And as all giants, who <i>are</i> bottlemakers,
+usually pop out of a little thumb bottle from behind the door, so
+did Sir G. Vans. 'How d'ye do?' says he. 'Very well, thank you,'
+says I. 'Have some breakfast with me?' 'With all my heart,' says I.
+So he gave me a slice of beer, and a cup of cold veal; and there
+was a little dog under the table that picked up all the crumbs.
+'Hang him,' says I. 'No, don't hang him,' says he; 'for he killed a
+hare yesterday. And if you don't believe me, I'll show you the hare
+alive in a basket.' So he took me into his garden to show me the
+curiosities. In one corner there was a fox hatching eagle's eggs;
+in another there was an iron apple tree, entirely covered with
+pears and lead; in the third there was the hare which the dog
+killed yesterday alive in the basket; and in the fourth there were
+twenty-four <i>hipper switches</i> threshing tobacco, and at the
+sight of me they threshed so hard that they drove the plug through
+the wall, and through a little dog that was passing by on the other
+side. I, hearing the dog howl, jumped over the wall; and turned it
+as neatly inside out as possible, when it ran away as if it had not
+an hour to live. Then he took me into the park to show me his deer:
+and I remembered that I had a warrant in my pocket to shoot venison
+for his majesty's dinner. So I set fire to my bow, poised my arrow,
+and shot amongst them. I broke seventeen ribs on one side, and
+twenty-one and a half on the other: but my arrow passed clean
+through without ever touching it, and the worst was I lost my
+arrow; however, I found it again in the hollow of a tree. I felt
+it: it felt clammy. I smelt it; it smelt honey. 'Oh, ho!' said I,
+'here's a bee's nest,' when out sprung a covey of partridges. I
+shot at them; some say I killed eighteen, but I am sure I killed
+thirty-six, besides a dead salmon which was flying over the bridge,
+of which I made the best apple pie I ever tasted."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Such is the story: I can answer for its general accuracy. I am
+quite at sea as to the meaning and orthography of "hipper
+switches,"&mdash;having heard, not seen, the story.</p>
+<p class="author">S.G.</p>
+<p>Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE COLLAR OF SS.</h3>
+<h4>(Vol. ii., pp. 89. 194. 248.)</h4>
+<p>The Collar of SS. "is to this day a mystery to the most learned
+and indefatigable antiquaries," according to Mr. Planch&eacute;, in
+his valuable little work on <i>The History of British Costume</i>:
+what has appeared in "NOTES AND QUERIES" certainly has not cleared
+away the obscurity. ARMIGER tells us (Vol. ii., p. 195.): "As to
+the derivation of the name of the collar from <i>Soverayne</i>;
+from St. Simplicius; from the martyrs of Soissons (viz. St. Crespin
+and St. Crespinian, upon whose anniversary the battle of Agincourt
+was fought); from the Countess of Salisbury; from the word
+<i>Souvenez</i>; and, lastly, from Seneschallus or Steward, (which
+latter is MR. NICHOLS' notion)&mdash;they may be regarded as mere
+monkish (?) or heraldic gossip." If the monastic writers had spoken
+anything on the matter, a doubt never would have existed: but none
+of them has even hinted at it. Never having seen the articles in
+the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, I do not know MR. NICHOLS' reasons
+for supposing "Seneschallus or Steward" could have furnished an
+origin of the SS.; but I am at loss to think of any grounds upon
+which such a guess could rest. From the searches I have made upon
+this question, it seems to me that these SS. are taken as a short
+way of expressing the "SANCTUS, SANCTUS, SANCTUS" of the Salisbury
+liturgy and ritual. I hope soon to be able to lay before the public
+the documents out of which I draw this opinion, in a note to the
+third and forthcoming volume of <i>The Church of our
+Fathers</i>.</p>
+<p class="author">D. ROCK.</p>
+<p><i>Collar of SS.</i>&mdash;To your list of persons <i>now</i>
+privileged to wear these collars, I beg to add her Majesty's
+serjeant trumpeter, Thomas Lister Parker, Esq., to whom a silver
+collar of SS. has been granted. It is always worn by him or his
+deputy on state occasions.</p>
+<p class="author">THOMAS LEWIS,</p>
+<p>Acting Serjeant Trumpeter. 34. Mount Street.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>JOACHIN, THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR.</h3>
+<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 229.)</h4>
+<p>Your correspondent AMICUS will I fear find very little
+information about this mysterious person in the writers of French
+history of the time. <span class="pagenum"><a name="page281" id=
+"page281"></a>{281}</span> He is thus mentioned in Cavendish's
+<i>Life of Wolsey</i> (ed. 1825, vol. i. p. 73.):&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"The French king lying in his camp, sent secretly into England a
+privy person, a very witty man, to entreat of a peace between him
+and the king our sovereign lord, whose name was John Joachin; he
+was kept as secret as might be, that no man had intelligence of his
+repair; for he was no Frenchman, but an Italian born, a man before
+of no estimation in France, or known to be in favour with his
+master, but to be a merchant; and for his subtle wit, elected to
+entreat of such affairs as the king had commanded him by embassy.
+This Joachin, after his arrival here in England, was secretly
+conveyed unto the king's manor of Richmond, and there remained
+until Whitsuntide; at which time the cardinal resorted thither, and
+kept there the said feast very solemnly. In which season my lord
+caused this Joachin divers times to dine with him, whose talk and
+behaviour seemed to be witty, sober, and wondrous discreet."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>My note on this passage says:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"The name of this person was Giovanni Joacchino Passano, a
+Genoese; he was afterwards called Seigneur de Vaux. The emperor, it
+appears, was informed of his being in England, and for what
+purpose. The cardinal stated that Joacchino came over as a
+merchant; and that as soon as he discovered himself to be sent by
+the lady regent of France, he made De Pr&aelig;t (the emperor's
+ambassador) privy thereto, and likewise of the answer given to her
+proposals. The air of mystery which attached to this mission
+naturally created suspicion; and, after a few months, De
+Pr&aelig;t, in his letters to the emperor, and to Margaret,
+governess of the Netherlands, expressed his surmise that all was
+not right, alleging his reasons. His letters were intercepted by
+the cardinal, and read before the council. Charles and Margaret
+complained of the insult, and the cardinal explained as well as he
+could: at the same time protesting against the misinterpretation of
+De Pr&aelig;t, and assuring them that nothing could be further from
+his wish than that any disunion should arise between the king his
+master and the emperor; and notwithstanding the suspicious aspect
+of this transaction, his dispatches, both before and after this
+fracas, strongly corroborate his assertions. Wolsey suspected that
+the Pope was inclined toward the cause of Francis, and reminded him
+of his obligations to Henry and Charles. The Pope had already taken
+the alarm, and had made terms with the French king, but had
+industriously concealed it from Wolsey, and at length urged in his
+excuse that he had no alternative. Joacchino was again in England
+upon a different mission, and was an eye-witness of the melancholy
+condition of the cardinal when his fortunes were reversed. He
+sympathised with him, and interested himself for him with Francis
+and the queen dowager, as appears by his letters published in
+<i>Legrand, Histoire du Divorce de Henry VIII</i>."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>I think it is from this interesting book, which throws much
+light upon many of the intricate passages of the history of the
+times, that I derived my information. It is in all respects a work
+worth consulting.</p>
+<p class="author">S.W. SINGER.</p>
+<h3>REMAINS OF JAMES II.</h3>
+<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 243.).</h4>
+<p>The following passage is transcribed from a communication
+relative to the Scotch College at Paris, made by the Rev. H.
+Longueville Jones to the <i>Collectanea Topographica et
+Genealogica</i>, 1841, vol. vii. p. 33.:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"The king left his brains to this college; and, it used to be
+said, other parts, but this is more doubtful, to the Irish and
+English colleges at Paris. His heart was bequeathed to the Dames de
+St. Marie at Chaillot, and his entrails were buried at St.
+Germain-en-Laye, where a handsome monument has been erected to his
+memory by order of George IV.; but the body itself was interred in
+the monastery of English Benedictine Monks that once existed in the
+Rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, close to the Val de Grace. In this
+latter house, previous to the Revolution, the following simple
+inscription marked where the monarch's body lay:&mdash;</p>
+<p>"'CI GIST JACQUES II. ROI DE LA GRANDE BRETAGNE.'"</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>A monument to the king still exists in the chapel of the Scotch
+College (which is now leased to a private school), and the
+inscription, in Latin, written by James, Duke of Perth, is printed
+in the same volume of <i>Collectanea</i>, p. 35., followed by all
+the other inscriptions to James's adherents now remaining in that
+chapel.</p>
+<p>In a subsequent communication respecting the Irish College at
+Paris, made by the same gentleman, and printed in the same volume,
+at p. 113. are these remarks:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"It is not uninteresting to add, that the body of James II. was
+brought to this college after the destruction of the English
+Benedictine Monastery adjoining the Val de Grace; and remained for
+some years in a temporary tomb in one of the lecture halls, then
+used as the chapel. It was afterwards removed; by whose authority,
+and to what place, is not exactly known: but it is considered not
+improbable that it was transported to the church of St.
+Germain-en-Laye, and there buried under the monument erected by
+George IV. Some additional light will probably be thrown on this
+subject, in a work on the Stuarts now in course of
+compilation."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Has this work since appeared?</p>
+<p class="author">J.G.N.</p>
+<p><i>Interment of James II.</i>&mdash;I remember reading in the
+French papers, in the year 1823 or 1824, a long account of the then
+recent exhumation and re-interment in another spot of the remains
+of James II. I was but a boy at the time, and neglected to make a
+"Note", which might now be valuable to you. I have not the least
+doubt, however, that the fact will be discovered on reference to a
+file of the <i>Etoile</i>, or any other of the Paris papers of one
+or other of the years above named.</p>
+<p>There is a marble monument erected in memory of James, in the
+chapel of the old Scotch College, in the Rue des Foss&eacute;s
+Saint Victor. An urn of bronze, gilt, containing the king's brains,
+formerly <span class="pagenum"><a name="page282" id=
+"page282"></a>{282}</span> stood on the crown of this monument. The
+urn was smashed and the contents scattered over the ground, during
+the French Revolution. A much more important loss to posterity was
+incurred by the destruction of the manuscripts entrusted by James
+to the keeping of the brotherhood he loved. The trust is alluded to
+with mingled pride and affection in the noble and touching
+inscription on the royal monument.</p>
+<p class="author">J.D.</p>
+<p>Earl's Court, Kensington.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>HANDFASTING.</h3>
+<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 151.)</h4>
+<p>Your correspondent J.M.G. has brought forward a curious subject,
+and one well deserving attention and illustration. A fair is said
+to have been held at the meeting of the Black and White Esks, at
+the foot of Eskdalemuir, in Dumfriesshire, when the singular custom
+of <i>Handfasting</i> was observed. The old statistical account of
+the parish says:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"At that fair it was the custom for unmarried persons of both
+sexes to choose a companion according to their liking, whom they
+were to live with till <i>that time next year</i>. This was called
+<i>handfasting</i>, or hand-in-fist. If they were pleased with each
+other at that time, then they continued together for life; if not,
+they separated, and were free to make another choice as at the
+first."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>John Maxwell, Esq., of Broomholm, in a letter (dated April 15th,
+1796) to the Rev. Wm. Brown, D.D., of Eskdalemuir, says, in
+reference to this custom:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"No account can be given of the period at which the custom of
+<i>handfasting</i> commenced; but I was told by an old man, John
+Murray, who died at the farm of Irvine (as you go from Langholm to
+Canobie), and had formerly been a proprietor in Eskdaldemuir, that
+he was acquainted with, or at least had seen an old man, I think
+his name was Beattie, who was grandson to a couple who had been
+handfasted. You perhaps know that <i>the children born under the
+handfasting engagement were reckoned lawful children, and not
+bastards</i>, though the parents did afterwards resile. This custom
+of handfasting does not seem to have been peculiar to your parish.
+Mention is made in some histories of Scotland that Robert II. was
+<i>handfasted</i> to Elizabeth More before he married Euphemia
+Ross, daughter of Hugh, Earl of that name, by both of whom he had
+children; his eldest son John, by Elizabeth More, viz., King Robert
+III., commonly called Jock Ferngyear, succeeded to the throne in
+preference to the sons of Euphemia, his married wife. Indeed, after
+Euphemia's death, he married his former handfasted wife
+Elizabeth."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Sir J. Chardin observes that contracts for temporary wives are
+frequent in the East, which contracts are made before the Cadi with
+the formality of a measure of corn, mentioned over and above the
+stipulated sum of money.</p>
+<p>Baron du Tott's account of "Marriages by Capin," corroborated by
+Eastern travellers, corresponds with the custom of
+<i>Handfasting</i>. He says:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"There is another kind of marriage which, stipulating the return
+to be made, fixes likewise the time when the divorce is to take
+place. This contract is called <i>capin</i>: and, properly
+speaking, is only an agreement between the parties to live together
+<i>for such a price, during such a time</i>."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>This contract is a regular form of marriage, and is so regarded
+generally in the East.</p>
+<p>The Jews seem to have had a similar custom, which perhaps they
+borrowed from the neighbouring nations; at least the connexion
+formed by the prophet Hosea (chap. iii. 2.) bears a strong
+resemblance to <i>Handfasting</i> and <i>Capin</i>.</p>
+<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>ADAM OF BREMEN'S JULIN.</h3>
+<p>In reply to V. from Belgravia (Vol. ii., p. 230.), I am
+partially at a loss to know the exact bearing of his Query. Adam of
+Bremen's account of Julin is no <i>legend</i>, nor does he mention
+it at all as a <i>doomed city</i>. On the contrary, his description
+is that of a flourishing emporium of commerce, for which purpose he
+selects very strong superlatives, as in the following account
+(<i>De Situ Dam&aelig;</i>, lib. ii. cap. ii.):</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"Ultra Leuticos qui alio nomine Welzi dicuntur Oddera Flumen
+occurrit; amnis dilectissimus Slavonic&aelig; regionis. In cujus
+ostro, qui Scythicas alludet paludes, nobilissima civitas Julinum
+celeberrimam Barbaris et Gr&aelig;cis qui in circuitu pr&aelig;stet
+stationem. De cujus pr&aelig;conio quia magna et vix credibilia
+recitantur, volupe arbitror pauca inserere digna relata. Est sane
+maxime omnium quas Europa claudit civitatum, quam incolunt Slavi
+cum aliis gentibus Gr&aelig;cis et Barbaris. Nam et adven&aelig;
+Saxones parem cohabitandi legem acceperunt, si tamen
+Christianitatis titulum ibi morantes non publicaverint. Omnes enim
+adhuc paganicis ritibus aberrant, ceterum moribus et hospitalitate
+nulla gens honestior aut benignior poterit inveniri. Urbs illa
+mercibus omnium septentrionalium nationum locuples nihil non habet
+jucundi et rari."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>As Adam is supposed to have been a native and a priest at
+Magdeburg, whence he was translated by Archbishop Adalbert to a
+benefice in the cathedral of Bremen, he must, from his comparative
+proximity to the spot, be supposed a competent witness; and there
+is not reason to suppose why he should not have been also a
+creditable one. He died about 1072, and the <i>legends</i>, if any,
+concerning this famous place, here described as the most extensive
+in Europe, must have been subsequently framed.</p>
+<p>For about one hundred years later (1184) we have from Helmold,
+the parish priest of B&ouml;san, a small village on the eastern
+confines of Holstein, a repetition of Adam's words, for a place
+which he calls <span class="pagenum"><a name="page283" id=
+"page283"></a>{283}</span> "Veneta," but always in the past tense
+as, "quondam fuit nobilissima civitas," etc.; so that it is plain
+from that and his expression "excidium civitatis;" as well as,
+"Hanc civitatem opulentissimam quidam Danorum rex, maxima classe
+stipatus, fundetus evertisse refertur." The great question is,
+Where was this great city? and, are the <i>Julin</i> of Adam and
+the <i>Veneta</i> of Helmold identical? Both questions have given
+rise to endless discussions amongst German arch&aelig;ologists. The
+published maps, as late at least as the end of the last century,
+had a note at a place in the Baltic, opposite to the small town of
+Demmin, in Pomerania:&mdash;"Hic Veneta emporium olim celeberr.
+&aelig;quar. &aelig;stu absorpt." Many, perhaps the majority, of
+recent writers contend for the town of Wallin, which gives its name
+to one of the islands by which the Stettin Haff is
+formed,&mdash;though the slight verbal conformity seems to be their
+principal ground; for no <i>rudera</i>, no vestiges of ancient
+grandeur now mark the spot, not even a tradition of former
+greatness: whilst Veneta, which can only be taken to mean the
+<i>civitas</i> of the Veneti, a nation placed by Tacitus on this
+part of the coast, has a long unbroken chain of oral evidence in
+its favour, as close to Rugen; and, if authentic records are to be
+credited, ships have been wrecked in the last century on ancient
+moles or bulwarks, which then rose nearly to the surface from the
+submerged ruins. But the subject is much too comprehensive for the
+compressed notices of your miscellany. I hope to have shortly an
+opportunity of treating the subject at large in reference to the
+Schiringsheal which Othere described to King Alfred, about two
+hundred years earlier.</p>
+<p>An edition of Adam and Helmold is very desirable in England,
+even in a translations as a part of Bohn's <i>Antiquarian
+Series</i>.</p>
+<p class="author">WILLIAM BELL, PH. D.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3>
+<p><i>Bess of Hardwick</i> (Vol. i., p. 276.).&mdash;The following
+particulars in answer to this Query will, I hope, elicit some
+further information from other quarters. I have, in my answer,
+attempted to be as brief as possible.</p>
+<p>John, the fifth recorded Hardwick, of Hardwick, left issue, by
+Elizabeth Leake, six children: of whom JAMES (or John) was thrice
+married, and died <i>sine prole</i>, and DOROTHY died an infant:
+the four remaining daughters became coheiresses.</p>
+<p>Of these MARY HARDWICK married (his first wife) Richard
+Wingfield, of Wantisden, seventh son of Sir Anthony Wingfield, of
+Letheringham, co. Suffolk, K.G. His will was proved in London 14th
+August, 1591. Their eldest son <i>Henry</i> was of Crowfield, co.
+Suffolk. His great-grandson, <i>Harbottle Wingfield</i>, of
+Crowfield, was living 1644, and his descendants, if any, may
+quarter Hardwick. Their second son, <i>Anthony Wingfield</i>, was
+the well-known Greek reader to Queen Elizabeth; and their third
+son, <i>Sir John Wingfield</i>, married Susan Bertie, Countess
+Dowager of Kent, and left <i>Peregrin Wingfield</i>, of whom
+nothing is recorded.</p>
+<p>JANE HARDWICK, next daughter, married Godfrey Bosvile of
+Gunthwaite and Beighton, co. Ebor. His will is dated 22nd July,
+1580. Their eldest child, <i>Francis Bosvile</i>, left only
+daughter, Grace Bosvile, who died young. His three sisters became
+coheirs, but the estate of Gunthwaite went to an uncle, ancestor of
+the present Godfrey Bosvile, Lord Macdonald. Of these sisters,
+<i>Frances Bosvile</i> married John Savile; <i>Dorothy Bosvile</i>,
+John Lacy; and <i>Elizabeth Bosvile</i>, John Copley: either they
+had no children, or these died young. <i>Mary Bosvile</i>, the
+second daughter and coheir, married Richard Burdett, of Derby,
+living 1612. Their son, <i>George Burdett</i>, had by his first
+wife a son, whose issue failed; and by his second wife two
+daughters, eventually coheirs.</p>
+<p>Of these. <i>Mary Burdett</i> married, first, Richard
+Pilkington, and second, Sir T. Beaumont, of Whitby: and <i>another
+sister</i> married&mdash;Ramsden. No issue of either are recorded.
+The third sister, <i>Elizabeth Burdett</i>, married, at Hoyland,
+6th Feb., 1636, the Rev. Daniel Clark, A.M., and died 27th Aug.,
+1679, at Fenney-Compton. Their great-grandson and sole male
+representative was the late <i>Joseph Clark</i> of Northampton,
+whose descendants also quarter Hardwick.</p>
+<p>ELIZABETH HARDWICK, the next daughter, was the celebrated
+Countess of Shrewsbury. Her <i>representatives</i> are all noble,
+and their pedigrees may be found in the Peerages. They
+are&mdash;</p>
+<p>1. <i>The Duke of Devonshire</i>, representing Wm. Cavendish,
+first earl.</p>
+<p>Certain descendants of Sir Charles Cavendish, of Welbeck Abbey,
+or rather of his grandson, Henry, second Duke of Newcastle,
+namely,</p>
+<p>2. The <i>Duke of Portland</i>, representing Margaret Pelham,
+the Duke's eldest coheir;</p>
+<p>3. The <i>Marquis of Salisbury</i> from Catherine, and second
+coheir;</p>
+<p>4. The <i>Earl De la Warr</i>; and</p>
+<p>5. The <i>Earl of Aboyne</i>, are the coheirs of Sir Charles
+Cope, Baronet, of Orton; who represented Arabella, Countess of
+Sunderland, third coheir. These five all quarter Hardwick.</p>
+<p>ALICE HARDWICK, next daughter, married Francis Hercy, according
+to some pedigrees. No issue recorded.</p>
+<p>There are therefore descendants certainly known of only two of
+the children of John Hardwick. Possibly some of your correspondents
+can supply those of Wingfield and Hercy.</p>
+<p>The crest and arms of the Hardwicks may be found in Edmondson.
+They only quartered Pynchbeke. I am not aware of any motto.</p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page284" id=
+"page284"></a>{284}</span>
+<p>Miss Costello, and other biographers of the Countess of
+Shrewsbury, have quite overlooked all the descendants of her
+sisters. Possibly, should these lines meet the eye of the Duke of
+Devonshire, who possesses the estates and papers of the Hardwicks,
+it may lead to more particulars concerning the family being made
+public.</p>
+<p class="author">ERMINE.</p>
+<p>Torquay.</p>
+<p><i>Quotations in Bishop Andrewes</i> (Vol. ii., p.
+245.).&mdash;</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"Minutuli et patellares Dei."</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>is from Plautus:</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"Di me omnes magni minutique et patellarii."</p>
+<p><i>Cistell.</i> II. 1. 46.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>and</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"Sed qu&aelig; de septem totum circumspicit orbem</p>
+<p>Collibus, imperii Roma Deumque locus."</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>is from Ovid (<i>Trist</i>. I. 5. 69.).</p>
+<p class="author">J.E.B MAYOR.</p>
+<p>Marlborough College.</p>
+<p><i>The Sun Feminine in English</i> (Vol. ii., p. 21).&mdash;MR.
+COX may perhaps be pleased to learn <i>why</i> the northern nations
+made the sun feminine. The ancient Germans and Saxons&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"When they discovered how the sun by his heat and influence
+excited venereal love in creatures subserviant to his dominion,
+they then varied his sex, and painted him like a woman, because in
+them that passion is most impotent, and yet impetuous; on her head
+they placed a myrtle crown or garland to denote her dominion, and
+that love should be alwaies verdant as the myrtle; in one hand she
+supported the world, and in the other three golden apples, to
+represent that the world and its wealth are both sustained by love.
+The three golden apples signified the threefold beauty of the sun,
+exemplified in the morning, meridian, and evening; on her breast
+was lodged a burning torch, to insinuate to us the violence of the
+flame of love which scorches humane hearts."&mdash;<i>Philipot's
+Brief and Historical Discourse of the Original and Growth of
+Heraldry</i>, pp. 12, 13. London, 1672.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p class="author">T.H. KERSLEY</p>
+<p>King William's College, Isle of Man.</p>
+<p><i>Carpatio</i> (Vol. ii., p. 247.).&mdash;Your Querist must be
+little versed in early Italian art, not to know that Vittore
+Carpaccio (such is the correct spelling) was one of the morning
+stars of the Venetian school; and his search must have been
+somewhat careless, as Carpaccio and his works are fully described
+in Kugler's <i>Handbook</i>, p. 149., and in Lanzi. Some exquisite
+figures of his, of which Mrs. Jameson has given a St. Stephen in
+her <i>Legendary Art</i>, exist in the Brera at Milan. He is a
+painter not sufficiently known in England, but one whom it may be
+hoped the Arundel Society will introduce by their engravings. I
+cannot assist J.G.N. in explaining the subject of his engraving.
+May <i>Cornubioe</i> be by error for <i>Cordubioe</i>?</p>
+<p class="author">CLERICUS.</p>
+<p><i>The Character</i> "&amp;".&mdash;This character your
+correspondent will at once see is only the Latin word "et", written
+in a flourishing form; as we find it repeated in the abbreviation
+"&amp;c.," for "et cetera". Its adoption as a contraction for the
+English word "and", arose, no doubt, from the facility of its
+formation; and the name it acquired was "and-per se-and", "and by
+itself and," which is easily susceptible of the corruptions noticed
+by MR. LOWER.</p>
+<p class="author">[Greek: PHI].</p>
+<p><i>Walrond Family</i> (Vol. ii., p. 206.).&mdash;Burke, in his
+<i>History of the Commoners</i>, only gives the name of George,
+<i>one</i> of the sons of Colonel Humphry Walrond. He also states
+that the colonel married <i>Elizabeth</i>, daughter of Nathaniel
+Napier, Esq., of More Critchel. Now Colonel Walrond appears from
+his petition (Royalist Comp. Papers, State Paper Office) dated 12th
+February, 1648, addressed to the Commissioners for Compounding with
+Delinquents, to have had <i>nine</i> other children then living. He
+states: "Thus his eldest sonne George Walrond did absente himselfe
+for a short time from his father's house, and went into the king's
+army, where he unfortunately lost his right arme. That he having no
+estate at present, and but little in expectancy after his father's
+death, <i>he having ten</i> children, and all <i>nine</i> to be
+provided for out of y'e petitioner's small estate." In a similar
+petition, dated about two years later, from "<i>Grace</i>, the wife
+of Humphry Walrond, of Sea, in the county of Somerset, Esquire,"
+she states "herself to be weake woman, and <i>having</i> TEN
+children (whereof many are infants) to maintain." That he was
+married to this <i>Grace</i>, and <i>not to Elizabeth</i> (as
+stated by Burke), as early as 1634, is clear from a licence to
+alienate certain lands at Ilminster, 10 Ch. I. (<i>Pat.
+Rolls</i>.)</p>
+<p>That they were both living in 1668 is proved by a petition in
+the State Paper Office (Read in Council, Ap. 8, 1688. Trade Papers,
+Verginia, No. I. A.):&mdash;"To the King's most excellent Ma'tie
+and the rt. hon'ble the Lords of his Maj. most hon'ble Privy
+Councel," from "Grace, the wife of Humphry Walrond, Esq." In this
+petition she states that her husband had been very severely
+prosecuted by Lord Willoughby, whose sub-governor he had been in
+Barbadoes. "He had contracted many debts by reason of his loyalty
+and suffering in the late troubles, to the loss of at least thirty
+thousand pounds." "That his loyalty and sufferings are notoriously
+known, both in this kingdom and the Barbadoes, where he was
+banished for proclaiming your Ma'tie after the murder of your royal
+father." Colonel Walrond is mentioned by Clarendon, Rushworth,
+Whitelock, &amp;c.; but of the date of his death, the maiden name
+of his wife, and the Christian names of all his ten children, I can
+find no account.</p>
+<p>The arms S.S.S. inquires about on the monument <span class=
+"pagenum"><a name="page285" id="page285"></a>{285}</span> of
+Humphry Walrond, Esq., in Ilminster Church, are those of the family
+of Brokehampton. Humphry Walrond (who died 1580) married Elizabeth,
+daughter and coheir of John Brokehampton., of Sea, and so obtained
+that estate.</p>
+<p class="author">W. DOWNING BRUCE.</p>
+<p>Middle Temple.</p>
+<p><i>Blackguard</i> (Vol. ii., p. 134.).&mdash;An early instance
+of the use of this word occurs in a letter from Richard Topcliffe
+(Aug. 30, 1578), printed in Lodge's <i>Illustrations</i>, vol. ii.
+p. 188. I quote from Mr. Jardine's <i>Criminal Trials</i>, vol. ii.
+p. 13.: "His house, Euston, far unmeet for her Highness, but fitter
+for the <i>Black Guard</i>."</p>
+<p>It also occurs in Fuller's <i>Church History</i> (Book ix. cent.
+xvi. sect. vii. &sect; 35. vol. v. p. 160. ed. Brewer):&mdash;"For
+who can otherwise conceive but such a prince-principal of darkness
+must be proportionably attended with a <i>black guard</i> of
+monstrous opinions?"</p>
+<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p>
+<p><i>Scala Coeli</i> (Vol. i., pp. 366. 402.
+455.).&mdash;Maundrell mentions, "at the coming out of Pilate's
+house, a descent, where was anciently the <i>Scala Sancta</i>."
+(<i>Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem</i>, p. 107.) This holy or
+heavenly stair was that by which the Redeemer was led down, by
+order of Pilate, according to the legend, and afterwards was, among
+other relics, carried to Rome. It is now in the Church of St. John
+Lateran, whither it is said to have been brought by St. Helena from
+Jerusalem. Pope Alexander Vl., and his successor Julius, granted to
+the Chapel of St. Mary built by King Henry VII., in Westminster
+Abbey&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"Easdem indulgencias et peccatorum remissiones ... quas
+Celebrantes pro Defunctis in Capell&acirc; <i>Scala Coeli</i>
+nuncupat&acirc; in Ecclesi&acirc; Trium Fontium extra muros Urbis
+Cisterciensis Ordinis ... consequuntur."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>This indulgence of Pope Julius was dated in the year 1504; and
+its intention of drawing thither pilgrims and offerings was fully
+realised, we may believe: for in the year 1519 we find the
+brotherhood of St. Mary of Rouncevall by Charing Cross
+paying:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"To the keper of Scala Celi in the Abby ... vjd."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>(See Rymer's <i>Foedera</i>, tom. v. pt. iv.; and Dugdale's
+<i>Monasticon</i>, vol. i. p. 320.)</p>
+<p class="author">MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. Oxon.</p>
+<p><i>Sitting during the Lessons</i> (Vol. ii., p. 46.).&mdash;With
+respect to L.'s Query respecting sitting during the Lessons, I can
+venture no remarks; but the custom of standing during the reading
+of the Gospel is very ancient. In the mass of St. Chrysostom the
+priest exclaims, "Stand up, let us hear the holy Gospel." (Goar,
+<i>Rituale Gr&aelig;corum</i>, p. 69.) The same custom appears in
+the Latin Liturgy of St. Basil:&mdash;"Cumque interpres Evangelii
+dicit 'State cum timore Dei' convertitur Sacerdos ad occidentem,"
+etc. (<i>Renaudot</i>, vol. i. p. 7. Vide also "Liturgy of St.
+Mark," <i>Ren</i>. vol. i. p. 126.) The edition of Renaudot's
+<i>Liturgies</i> is the reprint in 1847.</p>
+<p class="author">N.E.R. (a subscriber).</p>
+<p><i>Sitting during the Lessons.</i>&mdash;There is no doubt, I
+believe, that in former times the people stood when the minister
+read the Lessons, to show their reverence. It is recorded in
+Nehemiah, viii. 5.:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"And Ezra opened the Book in the sight of all the people (for he
+was above all the people), and when he opened it all the people
+<i>stood</i> up."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Why this practice should have been altered, or why our Rubric
+should be silent on this head, does not appear quite clear, though
+I find in Wheatley (<i>On the Book of Common Prayer</i>, chap. vi.
+sec. vi.) that which seems to me to be a very sufficient reason, if
+not for the sitting during the Lessons, certainly for the standing
+during the reading of the Gospel, and sitting during the
+Epistle:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"In St. Augustine's time the people always stood when the
+lessons were read, to show their reverence to God's holy word: but
+afterwards, when this was thought too great a burden, they were
+allowed to sit down at the lessons, and were only obliged to
+<i>stand</i> at the reading of the Gospel; which always contains
+something that Our Lord did speak, or suffered in His own person.
+By which gesture they showed they had a greater respect to the Son
+of God himself than they had to any other inspired person, though
+speaking the word of God, and by God's authority."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p class="author">WALTER MONTAGUE</p>
+<p><i>A&euml;rostation, Works on</i> (Vol. ii., p. 199.).&mdash;To
+the numerous list of works on A&euml;rostation which will no doubt
+be communicated to you in answer to the inquiry of C.B.M., I beg to
+add the following small contribution:&mdash;</p>
+<p>"Saggio Aereonautico di Giuseppe Donini Tifernate," 8vo. pp. 92.
+With four large folding Plates. Firenze 1819.</p>
+<p>Signor Donini also published in 1823 (in Citta di Castello per
+il Donati) the following pamphlet:&mdash;</p>
+<p>"Circolare Areonautico (sic) Guiseppe Dolini d Citt&agrave; di
+Castello a tutti i dotti, e ricchi nazionali, stranieri. 8vo." pp.
+16. Oxford.</p>
+<p class="author">J.M.</p>
+<p><i>A&euml;rostation.</i>&mdash;Your correspondent C.B.M. (Vol.
+ii., p. 199.) will find some curious matter of
+<i>a&euml;rostation</i> in poor Colonel Maceroni's
+<i>Autobiography</i>, 2 vols. 8vo.</p>
+<p class="author">W.C.</p>
+<p><i>Pole Money</i> (Vol. ii., p. 231.).&mdash;The "pole money"
+alluded to in the extracts given by T.N.I., was doubtless the poll
+tax, which was revived in the reign of Charles II. Every one
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page286" id=
+"page286"></a>{286}</span> knows that at an earlier period of our
+history it gave rise to Wat Tyler's insurrection. The tax was
+reimposed several times during the reign of William III. and it
+appears from a statement of the Lords in a conference which took
+place with the Commons on the subject in the first of William's
+reign, that the tax, previously to that time, was last imposed in
+the 29th of Charles II.</p>
+<p class="author">C. ROSS.</p>
+<p><i>Wormwood Wine</i> (Vol. ii., p. 242.).&mdash;If, as MR.
+SINGER supposes, "Eisell was absynthites, or wormwood wine, a
+nauseously bitter medicament then much in use," Pepys' friends must
+have had a very singular taste, for he records, on the 24th
+November, 1660,&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"Creed and Shepley, and I, to the Rhonish wine house, and there
+I did give them two quarts of wormwood wine."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Perhaps the beverage was doctored for the English market, and
+rendered more palatable than it had been in the days of
+Stuckius.</p>
+<p class="author">BRAYBROOKE.</p>
+<p><i>Darvon Gatherall</i> (Vol. ii., p. 199.).&mdash;Dervel Gadarn
+(vulgarly miscalled Darvel Gatheren) was son or grandson of Hywel
+or Hoel, son to Emyr of Britany. He was the founder of Llan-dervel
+Church, in Merioneth, and lived early in the sixth century. The
+destruction of his image is mentioned in the <i>Letters on the
+Suppression of Monasteries</i>, Nos. 95. and 101. Some account of
+it also exists in Lord Herbert's <i>Henry VIII.</i>, which I cannot
+refer to. I was not aware his name had ever undergone such gross
+and barbarous corruption as <i>Darvon Gatherall</i>.</p>
+<p class="author">A.N.</p>
+<p><i>Darvon Gatherall</i> (Vol. ii., p. 199.), or <i>Darvel
+Gatheren</i>, is spoken of in Sir H. Ellis's <i>Original
+Letters</i>, Series III., Letter 330. Hall's <i>Chronicle</i>, p.
+826. ed. 1809.</p>
+<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p>
+<p><i>Darvon Gatherall.</i>&mdash;I send you an extract from
+Southey's <i>Common-place Book</i>, which refers to Darvon
+Gatherall. Southey had copied it from Wordworth's <i>Ecclesiastical
+Biography</i>, where it is given as quotation from Michael Wodde,
+who wrote in 1554. He says:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"Who could, twenty years agone, say the Lord's Prayer in
+English?... If we were sick of the pestilence, we ran to St. Rooke:
+if of the ague, to St. Pernel, or Master John Shorne. If men were
+in prison, they prayed to St. Leonard. If the Welshman would have a
+purse, he prayed to <i>Darvel Gathorne</i>. If a wife were weary of
+a husband, she offered oats at Poules; at London, to St.
+Uncumber."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Can any of your readers inform me who St. Uncumber was?</p>
+<p class="author">PWCCA.</p>
+<p class="note">[Poules is St. Paul's. The passage from Michael
+Wodde is quoted in Ellis' <i>Brand</i>, vol. i. p. 202. edit.
+1841.]</p>
+<p><i>Angels' Visits</i> (Vol. i., p. 102.).&mdash;WICCAMECUS will
+find in Norris's <i>Miscellanies</i>, in a poem "To the Memory of
+my dear Neece, M.C." (Stanza X. p. 10. ed. 1692), the following
+lines:&mdash;</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"No wonder such a noble mind</p>
+<p>Her way to heaven so soon could find:</p>
+<p>Angels, as 'tis but seldom they appear,</p>
+<p>So neither do they make long stay;</p>
+<p>They do but visit, and away."</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>Mr. Montgomery (<i>Christian Poet</i>) long ago compared this
+passage with those cited by WICCAMECUS.</p>
+<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p>
+<p><i>Antiquity of Smoking</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 41. 216.).&mdash;On
+that interesting subject, "The Antiquity of Smoking," I beg to
+contribute the following "Note," which I made some years ego, but
+unfortunately without a reference to the author:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"Some fern was evidently in use among the ancients: for
+Athen&aelig;us, in his first book, quotes from the Greek poet,
+Crobylus, these words:&mdash;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>[Greek:</p>
+<p>'Kai ton larung haedista purio temachiois</p>
+<p>Kaminos, ouk anthropos.']</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>'And I will sweetly burn my throat with cuttings:</p>
+<p>A chimney, not a man!'</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"Now as, in a preceding line, the smoker boasts of his
+'Id&aelig;an fingers,' it is plain that every man rolled up his
+sharoot for himself."</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p class="author">H.G.</p>
+<p><i>Antiquity of Smoking</i> (Vol. ii., p.
+216.).&mdash;<i>Herod</i>. lib. i. sec. 36. is referred to for some
+illustration, I suppose, of smoking through tubes. <i>Herodotus</i>
+supplies nothing: perhaps <i>Herodian</i> may be meant, though not
+very likely. Herb smoking was probably in use in Europe long before
+tobacco. But direct authority seems sadly wanting.</p>
+<p class="author">SANDVICENSIS.</p>
+<p>"<i>Noli me tangere</i>" (Vol. ii., pp. 153. 219.
+250.).&mdash;In a New Testament published by the Portusian Bible
+Society is a small ill-executed print, called "Christ appearing to
+Mary," copied from a picture by C. Ciguani.</p>
+<p class="author">WEDSECNARF.</p>
+<p><i>Partrige Family</i> (Vol. ii., p. 230.).&mdash;Mr. Partrige's
+reference to Strype's <i>Ecclesiastical Memorials</i> is quite
+unintelligible to those who have not access to the Oxford
+<i>reprint</i> of that work. The reprint (I wish that in all other
+reprints a similar course was adopted) gives the paging of the
+original folio edition. I submit, therefore, that Mr. Partrige
+should have stated that the note he has made is from Strype's
+<i>Ecclesiastical Memorials</i>, vol. ii. p. 310.</p>
+<p>The grant to which Mr. Partrige refers is, I dare say, on the
+Patent Roll, 7 Edw. VI., which may be inspected at the Public
+Record Office, Rolls Chapel, on payment of a fee of 1<i>s.</i>,
+with liberty to take a copy or extract in pencil gratuitously or a
+plain copy may be obtained at the rate of 6<i>d.</i> a folio.</p>
+<p>The act of 1 Mary, for the restitution in blood of the heirs of
+Sir Miles Partrige, if not given in the <span class=
+"pagenum"><a name="page287" id="page287"></a>{287}</span> large
+edition of the Statutes, printed by the Record Commissioners, may
+no doubt be seen at the Parliament Office, near the House of Lords,
+on payment of the fee of 5<i>s.</i></p>
+<p>I believe I am correct in saying that no debates of that session
+are extant; but the proceedings on the various bills may probably
+be traced in the journals of the two Houses of Parliament, which
+are printed and deposited in most of our great public
+libraries.</p>
+<p class="author">C.H. Cooper.</p>
+<p>Cambridge, Sept. 7, 1850</p>
+<p><i>City Offices.</i>&mdash;The best account of the different
+public offices of the city of London, with their duties, etc., that
+I know of, your correspondent A CITIZEN (Vol. ii., p. 216.) will
+find in the <i>Reports of the Municipal Corporation
+Commissioners</i>.</p>
+<p class="author">W.C.</p>
+<p><i>Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood</i> (Vol. ii., p.
+266.).&mdash;The claim set up on behalf of Father Paul to the
+honour of Harvey's discovery, which is noticed by your
+correspondent W.W.B., is satisfactorily disposed of in the life of
+Harvey in the <i>Biographia Britannica</i>, iv. 2548., note C.
+Harvey gave a copy of his treatise <i>De Motu Cordis</i> to the
+Venetian ambassador in England. On his return home the ambassador
+lent the book to Father Paul, who made some extracts from it. After
+Father Paul's death, he was thought to be the author of these
+extracts and hence the story which your correspondent quotes. It
+might occasionally be convenient if your correspondents could make
+<i>a little</i> inquiry before they send off their letters to
+you.</p>
+<p class="author">Beruchino.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2>
+<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3>
+<p>All who love the shady side of Pall Mall, and agree with Dr.
+Johnson that the tide of human enjoyment flows higher at Charing
+Cross than in any other part of the globe, will gladly welcome Mr.
+Jesse's recently published volumes entitled <i>London and its
+Celebrities</i>. They are pleasant, gossiping and suggestive, and
+as the reader turns over page after page of the historical
+recollections and personal anecdotes which are associated with the
+various localities described by Mr. Jesse, he will doubtless be
+well content to trust the accuracy of a guide whom he finds so
+fluent and so intelligent, and approve rather than lament the
+absence of those references to original authorities which are
+looked for in graver histories. The work is written after the style
+of Saint Foix' <i>Rues de Paris</i>, which Walpole once intended to
+imitate; and is executed with a tact which will no doubt render it
+very acceptable to those for whom it has been written, namely those
+persons whose avocations of business or pleasure lead them to
+traverse the thoroughfares of the great metropolis; and to whom it
+points out in a manner which we have correctly designated
+gossiping, pleasant, and suggestive, "such sites and edifices as
+have been rendered classical by the romantic or literary
+associations of past times."</p>
+<p>Messrs. Williams and Norgate have forwarded to us a Catalog of
+an extensive Collection of Books, the property of a distinguished
+physician, which are to be sold by auction in Berlin on the 21st of
+October. The library, which was forty years in forming, is
+remarkable for containing, besides numerous rare works in Spanish,
+Italian, French, and English Literature, a curious series of works
+connected with the American aborigines; and a most extensive
+collection of works on the subjects of Prison Discipline, Poor
+Laws, and those other great social questions which are now exciting
+such universal attention.</p>
+<p>We have received the following Catalogues: J. Miller's (43.
+Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square) Catalogue No. 11, for 1850 of
+Books Old and New, including a large Number of scarce and curious
+Works on Ireland, its Antiquities, Topography, and History; W.
+Heath's (29-1/2. Lincoln's Inn Fields) Catalogue No. 5. for 1850 of
+Valuable Second-hand Books in all Departments of Literature.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3>
+<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE</h4>
+<p>TRANSLATION OF THE FRENCH LETTERS IN THE APPENDIX TO FOX'S
+HISTORY OF JAMES II. 4to. 1808 HUTTON'S (W.) ROMAN WALL, 8vo.
+1801</p>
+<p>&mdash;&mdash; BARBERS, a Poem. 8vo. 1793 (Genuine edition, not
+the facsimile copy.)</p>
+<p>&mdash;&mdash; EDGAR AND ELPRIDA, 8vo. 1794</p>
+<h3>Odd Volumes.</h3>
+<p>BEYAN'S DICTIONARY OF PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS, 4to. London, 1816.
+Vol. I.</p>
+<p>SULLY'S MEMOIRS, Eight Volumes in French. London, 1763. Vol. II
+LES AVENTURES DE GIL BLAS. London, 1749. Vols. I and II.</p>
+<p>Letters, stating particulars and lowest prices, <i>carriage
+free</i>, to be sent to Mr. Dell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES,"
+186 Fleet Street.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3>
+<p><i>Volume the First of Notes and Queries, with Title-page and
+very copius Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and
+may be had, by order, of all Booksellers and newsmen.</i></p>
+<p><i>The Monthly Part for September, being the Fourth of Vol. II,
+is also now ready, price 1s.</i></p>
+<p><i>Notes and Queries may be procured by the Trade at noon on
+Friday: so that our country Subscribers ought to experience no
+difficulty in receiving it regularly. Many of the country
+Booksellers are probably not yet aware of this arrangement, which
+enables them to receive Copies in their Saturday parcels.</i></p>
+<p><i>S.G. (C.C. Coll., Camb.), who writes respecting the History
+of Edward II., is refered to our First Volume, pp. 59. 91.
+220.</i></p>
+<p>A Student of History. <i>The Oxford Chronological Tables
+published by Talboys, and now to be had of Bohn, Henrietta Street,
+Covent Garden, at the reduced price of One Guinea, is, we believe,
+the best work of the kind referred to by our correspondent.</i></p>
+<p>S.S. <i>The Query respecting Pope's lines</i>,&mdash;"Welcome
+the coming, speed the parting guest," <i>has been answered. See</i>
+No. 42. p. 188.</p>
+<hr class="adverts" />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page288" id=
+"page288"></a>{288}</span>
+<p>ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.</p>
+<p>26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, Sept. 23, 1850.</p>
+<p>At an ordinary meeting of the Central Committee of the
+Arch&aelig;ological Institute, the President in the chair, it was
+unanimously "Resolved&mdash;That the Committee, having taken into
+consideration the Resolution of the British Arch&aelig;ological
+Association, passed at their congress at Manchester, and also that
+of their Council of the 4th of September, and communicated by the
+President of the Association to the President of the Institute, are
+of opinion that the position and prospects of the Institute are
+such as to render inexpedient any essential modifications of it's
+existing rules and managements.</p>
+<p>"The Committee disclaim all unfriendly feeling towards the
+Association: they are of opinion that the field of Arch&aelig;ology
+is sufficiently wide for the operations of several societies
+without discord; but if the members of the Arch&aelig;ological
+Association should be disposed to unite with the Institute, the
+Central Committee will cordially receive them on the terms
+announced in their advertisement of September 9th, which was
+intended to be conciliatory, feeling assured that such a course
+cannot fail to meet with the entire approbation of the members of
+the Institute."</p>
+<p>By order of the Central Committee,</p>
+<p>H. BOWYER LANE, <i>Secretary</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,</p>
+<p>No. CLXXIV., will be published on Wednesday, October 2nd.</p>
+<p>CONTENTS:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>I. TICKNOR'S HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE. II. CHURCH AND
+EDUCATION IN WALES. III. FORMS OF SALUTATION. IV. SILURIA AND
+CALIFORNIA. V. MORE ON THE LITERATURE OF GREECE. VI. METROPOLITAN
+WATER SUPPLY. VII. ANECDOTES OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT. VIII.
+COCHRANE'S YOUNG ITALY. IX. LAST DAYS OF LOUIS PHILIPPE.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>Will be published on the 1st of November, 1850, with the other
+Almanacks,</p>
+<p>THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC REGISTER AND ALMANACK for 1850.
+Price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+<p>Dedicated by especial permission to H.R.H. Prince Albert, by
+J.W.G. GUTCH, M.R.C.S L., F.L.S.;</p>
+<p>Containing a condensed mass of scientific and useful information
+alike valuable to the student and man of science.</p>
+<p>Tenth Yearly issue.</p>
+<p>Published by D. Bogue, Fleet Street, London.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for OCTOBER will contain the following
+articles:&mdash;</p>
+<p>The Antiquities of Richborough, Reculver, and Lymne (with
+Engravings)&mdash;Original Letters of Miss Jane Porter and Count
+Suwarrow&mdash;Facts for a new Biographia Britannica&mdash;Origin
+of Newspapers in Germany&mdash;Memoir of
+Vauvanargues&mdash;Coronation Stone at Kingston-upon-Thames (with
+an Engraving)&mdash;The Burkes not concerned in Junius&mdash;Works
+of the Van Liugs in Painted Glass&mdash;Dr. Chalmers at
+Glasgow&mdash;Great Literary Piracy in the Prayer-book of the
+Ecclesiastical History Society&mdash;The new
+One-Hundred-and-fifty-three-Volume Catalogue of the British Museum.
+With Notes of the Month, Literary and Antiquarian Intelligence,
+Historical Chronicle, and Obituary, including Memoirs of Louis
+Philippe, Viscount Newark, Rt. Hon. C. Arbuthnot, Dr. Prout Dr.
+Bromet, John Roby, Esq., John Brumell, Esq., &amp;c., &amp;c. Price
+2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+<p>NICHOLS AND SON, 25. Parliament-street.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>Now Ready, 8vo., 3<i>s.</i>,</p>
+<p>AN EXAMINATION OF THE CENTURY QUESTION: to which is added, A
+Letter to the Author of "Outlines of Astronomy," respecting a
+certain peculiarity of the Gregorian System of Bissextile
+compensation.</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"Judicio perpende: et si tibi vera videntur,</p>
+<p>DEDE MANUS." Lucret.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>Lately Published, 8vo., price 12<i>s.</i></p>
+<p>SYNOPSIS Of the DOCTRINE of BAPTISM, REGENERATION, CONVERSION,
+&amp;c. From the Fathers and other Writers, to the End of the
+Fourth Century by J.A. WICKHAM, Esq. With a PREFACE, by the Rev.
+H.D. WICKHAM, M.A., late of Exeter College, Oxford.</p>
+<p>"Without saying that such an elaborate Collection is necessary,
+we may remark on its great utility, and express our hope that Mr.
+Wickham's labours will be appreciated by the public. It is curious
+that he should have begun, sixteen years ago, a compilation whose
+publication is so very appropriate to the present
+moment."&mdash;<i>Guardian</i>.</p>
+<p>"As an editor Mr. Wickham has shown much good taste, patience,
+and discernment. Further, he has written a very sensible
+introductory chapter on the use and authority of the
+Fathers".&mdash;<i>Church and State Gazette</i>.</p>
+<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>On the 1st of October, No. I., price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+<p>DETAILS Of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE,</p>
+<p>measured and drawn from existing Examples, by J.K. COLLING,
+Architect. The work is intended to illustrate those features which
+have not been given in Messrs. Brandon's "Analysis:" it will be
+uniform with that work, and also the "Gothic Ornaments". Each
+Number will contain five 4to. Plates, and be continued monthly.</p>
+<p>D. BOGUE, Fleet Street: sold also by G. BELL, Fleet Street.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>Preparing for Publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.</p>
+<p>THE FOLK-LORE Of ENGLAND. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary
+of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances", "Lays and
+Legends of all Nations," &amp;c. One object of the present work is
+to furnish new contributions to the History of our National
+Folk-Lore, and especially some of the more striking Illustrations
+of the subject to be found in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other
+Continental Antiquaries.</p>
+<p>Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable
+Customs and Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &amp;c. are
+earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully acknowledged by the
+Editor. They may be addressed to the care of Mr. BELL, Office of
+"NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>Edited by W.F. HOOK, D.D.&mdash;Now ready, Third and Cheaper
+Edition, price 3<i>s.</i> cloth, 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> morocco,</p>
+<p>VERSES FOR HOLY SEASONS. BY C.F.H., Author of "The Baron's
+Little Daughters," "Moral Songs and Hymns for Little Children."</p>
+<p>"An unpretending and highly useful book, suggestive of right
+thoughts at the right season."&mdash;<i>English Journal of
+Education</i>.</p>
+<p>R. SLOCOMBE, Leeds; GEORGE BELL, London.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>Just published, 3<i>s.</i> each plain; 4<i>s.</i> tinted. Parts
+15. and 16. of</p>
+<p>RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, from Drawings by JOHN
+JOHNSON Architect, F.S.A. Lithographed by Alfred Newman.</p>
+<p>Contents:&mdash;</p>
+<p>Hedon Church, Yorkshire; Desborough, Northamptonshire; Molton,
+Lincolnshire; Bingham, Notts; Billingborough, Lincolnshire; St.
+John Devizes, Wiltshire; Aumsby, Lincolnshire; Terrington St.
+Clements, Norfolk.</p>
+<p>To be completed in Twenty Parts.</p>
+<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK STRAW, Of NO. 8. New Street Square, at
+No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of
+London; and published by GEORGE BELL,, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in
+the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
+Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday,
+September 28. 1850.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 48,
+Saturday, September 28, 1850, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+***** This file should be named 13463-h.htm or 13463-h.zip *****
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 48, Saturday,
+September 28, 1850, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 48, Saturday, September 28, 1850
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: September 15, 2004 [EBook #13463]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David
+King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 48.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {273}
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+NOTES:--
+  Riots in London. 273
+  Satirical Poems on William III. 275
+  Shakspeare's Grief and Frenzy, by C. Forbes. 275
+  Etymological Notes. 276
+  Mistakes in Gibbon. by Rev. J.E.B. Mayor. 276
+  Minor Notes. History of Saracens--Hippopotamus--America--Pascal's
+  Letters--Parson's Epigram. 277
+
+QUERIES:--
+  "Orkneyinga Saga". 278
+  Minor Queries:--Incumbents of Church Livings--York
+    Buildings Company--Saying ascribed to Montaigne--"Modum
+    Promissionis"--Roman Catholic Theology--Wife of Edward
+    the Outlaw--Conde's "Arabs in Spain". 278
+
+REPLIES:--
+  Cave's Historia Literaria, by Rev. Dr. Maitland. 279
+  Sir Garamer Vans. 280
+  Collar of SS., by Dr. Rock. 280
+  Joachin, the French Ambassador, by S.W. Singer. 280
+  Remains of James II. 281
+  Handfasting. 282
+  Adam of Bremen's Julin, by Dr. Bell. 282
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--Bess of Hardwick--Bishop
+    Andrewes--The Sun Feminine--Carpatio--Character
+    "&"--Walrond Family--Blackguard--Scala Coeli--Sitting
+    during the Lessons--Aerostation--Pole Money--Wormwood
+    Wine--Darvon Gatherall--Angels' Visits--Antiquity of
+    Smoking--"Noli me tangere"--Partrige Family--City
+    Offices--Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood. 283
+
+MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 287
+  Books and Odd Volumes Wanted. 287
+  Notices to Correspondents. 287
+  Advertisements. 288
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+RIOTS OF LONDON.
+
+Seventy years having passed away since the riots of London, there cannot
+be many living who remember them, and still fewer who were personally in
+contact with the tumultuous throng. Under such circumstances, I venture
+to offer for introduction into your useful and entertaining miscellany
+some incidents connected with that event in which I was either
+personally an actor or spectator--things not in themselves important,
+yet which may be to some of your readers acceptable and interesting as
+records of bygone days.
+
+The events of 1780, in themselves so terrific, were well adapted to be
+written indelibly on the memory of a young, and ardent boy. At any age
+they would have been engraved as with an iron pen; but their occurrence
+at the first age of my early boyhood, when no previous event had claimed
+particular attention, fixed them as a lasting memorial.
+
+The awful conflagrations had not taken place when I arrived in London
+from a large school in one of the midland counties in England, for the
+Midsummer vacation. So many of my school-fellows resided in the
+metropolis, or in a part of the country requiring a passage through
+London, that three or four closely-packed post-chaises were necessary;
+and to accomplish the journey in good time for the youngsters to be met
+by their friends, the journey was begun as near to four o'clock A.M. as
+was possible.
+
+The chaises, well crowned with boxes, and filled with joyous youth, were
+received at the Castle and Falcon, then kept by a Mr. Dupont, a
+celebrated wine merchant, and the friend of our estimable tutor. The
+whole of my schoolmates had been met by their respective friends, and my
+brother and I alone remained at the inn, when at length my mother
+arrived in a hackney-coach to fetch us, and from her we learned that the
+streets were so crowded that she could hardly make her way to us. No
+time was lost, and we were soon on our way homewards. We passed through
+Newgate Street and the Old Bailey without interruption or delay; but
+when we came into Ludgate Hill the case was far different; the street
+was full and the people noisy, permitting no carriage to pass unless the
+coachman took off his hat and acknowledged his respect for them and the
+object for which they had congregated. "Hat off, coachee!" was their
+cry. Our coachman would not obey their noisy calls, and there we were
+fixed. Long might we have remained in that unpleasant predicament had
+not my foreseeing parent sagaciously provided herself with a piece of
+ribbon of the popular colour, which she used to good effect by making it
+up into a bow with a long, streamer and pinning it to a white
+handkerchief, which she courageously flourished out of the window of the
+hackney-coach. Huzzas {274} and "Go on, coachee!" were shouted from the
+crowd and with no other obstruction than the full streets presented, we
+reached Beaufort Buildings, in the Strand, the street in which we
+resided.
+
+There a new scene presented itself, which was very impressive to our
+young minds. The street was full of soldiers, and the coachman said to
+my mother, "I cannot go down." A soldier addressed my mother: "No one,
+ma'am, can go down this street:" to whom my mother replied, "I live
+here, and am going to my own home." An officer then gave permission for
+us, and the coachman with our box, to proceed, and we were soon at our
+own door. The coachman, ignorant of the passport which the handkerchief
+and ribbon had proved, said, on setting the box down, "You see, ma'am,
+we got on without my taking off my hat: for who would take off his hat
+to such a set of fellows? I would rather have sat there all the day
+long."
+
+The assembling of the military in this street was to defend the
+dwellings of Mr. Kitchener and Mr. Heron, both these gentlemen being
+Roman Catholics. Mr. Kitchener (who was the father of Dr. Kitchener, the
+author of the _Cook's Oracle_) was an eminent coal merchant, whose wharf
+was by the river-side southward, behind Beaufort Buildings, then called
+Worcester Grounds[1], as the lane leading to it was called Worcester
+Lane: but Mr. Kitchener, or his successor Mr. Cox, endeavoured to change
+it by having "Beaufort Wharf" painted on their wagons. Thus the name
+"Worcester Grounds" got lost; but the lane which bore the same name got
+no advantage by the change, for it received the appropriate title of
+"Dirty Lane," used only for carts and horses, foot passengers reaching
+the wharf by the steps at the bottom of Fountain Court and Beaufort
+Buildings.
+
+But to return to my narrative. My parents soon removed us out of this
+scene of public confusion, to the house of a relative residing at St.
+Pancras: and well do I remember the painful interest with which, as soon
+as it got dark, the whole family of my uncle used to go on the roof of
+the house and count the number of fires, guessing the place of each. The
+alarm was so great, though at a distance, that it was always late before
+the family retired to rest. I remained at St. Pancras until the riots
+had been subdued and peace restored; and now, though very many matters
+crowd my mind, as report after report then reached us, I will leave them
+to record only what I personally saw and heard.
+
+Before the vacation was ended, the trials of the prisoners had
+proceeded, and I went to a friend's house to see some condemned ones
+pass to execution. The house from which I had this painful view has been
+removed; the site is now the road to Waterloo Bridge. I believe it was
+because a lad was to be executed that I was allowed to go. The mournful
+procession passed up St. Catherine's Street, and from the distance I
+was, I could only see that the lad in height did not reach above the
+shoulders of the two men between whom he sat, who, with him, were to be
+executed in Russell Street. Universal and deep was the sympathy
+expressed towards the youth from the throng of people, which was
+considerable. As it was long before the street was sufficiently cleared
+to allow us to return home, the report came that the execution was over,
+and that the boy was so light that the executioner jumped on him to
+break his neck: and such was the effect of previous sympathy, that a
+feeling of horror was excited at the brutality (as they called it) of
+the action; but, viewing it calmly, it was wise, and intended kindly to
+shorten the time of suffering. While thus waiting, I heard an account of
+this boy's trial. A censure was expressed on the government for hanging
+one so young, when it was stated that this boy was the only one
+executed, though so many were guilty, as an example, as the proof of his
+guilt was unquestionable. A witness against him on the trial said, "I
+will swear that I have seen that boy actively engaged at several
+conflagrations." He was rebuked for thus positively speaking by the
+opposite counsel, when he said, "I am quite sure it is the active boy I
+have seen so often for I was so impressed with his flagrant conduct that
+I cut a piece out of his clothes:" and putting his hand into his pocket,
+he pulled out the piece which he had cut off, which exactly fitted to
+the boy's jacket. This decided his execution: yet justice was not
+vindictive, for very few persons were executed.
+
+I will trespass yet further on your pages to recite one other incident
+of the riots that occurred in connexion with the attack on the King's
+Bench prison, and the death of Allen, which made a great stir at the
+time. The incident I refer to happened thus:--At the gate of the prison
+two sentinels were placed. One of these was a fine-built young man, full
+six feet high: he had been servant to my father. On the day Allen was
+shot, or a day or two after, he came to my father for protection: my
+father having a high opinion of his veracity and moral goodness, took
+him in and sheltered him until quiet was restored. His name was M'Phin,
+or some such name; but as he was always called "Mac" by us, I do not
+remember his name perfectly. He stated that he and his fellow-soldier,
+while standing as sentries at the prison, were attacked by an uproarious
+mob, and were assailed with stones and brickbats;--that his companion
+called loudly to the mob, and said, "I will not fire until I see and
+mark a man that throws at us, and then he shall die. I don't want to
+kill the innocent, {275} or any one; but he that flings at us shall
+surely die." Young Allen threw a brick-bat, and ran off; but Mac said,
+his fellow-soldier had seen it, and marked him. The crowd gave way; off
+went Allen and the soldier after him. Young Allen ran on, the soldier
+pursuing him, till he entered his father's premises, who was a
+cow-keeper, and _there_ the soldier shot him. Popular fury turned upon
+poor Mac; and so completely was he thought to be the "murderer" of young
+Allen that 500l. was offered by the mob for his discovery. But my good
+father was faithful to honest Mac, and he lay secure in one of our upper
+rooms until the excitement was over.
+
+Allen's funeral was attended by myriads, and a monument was erected to
+his memory (which yet remains, I believe) in Newington churchyard,
+speaking lies in the face of the sun. If it were important enough, it
+deserves erasure as much as the false inscription on London's monument.
+
+As soon as the public blood was cool, "Mac" surrendered himself, was
+tried at the Old Bailey, and acquitted.
+
+Should it be in the power of any of the readers of your interesting
+miscellany, by reference to the Session Papers, to give me the actual
+name of poor "Mac," I shall feel obliged.
+
+SENEX.
+
+September 9. 1850.
+
+[Footnote 1: Mr. Cunningham, vol. i. p. 69., gives an interesting
+quotation from Strype respecting Worcester House, which gave the name of
+"Worcester Grounds" to Mr. Kitchener's property.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SATIRICAL POEMS ON WILLIAM III.
+
+Some years since I copied from a MS. vol., compiled before 1708, the
+following effusions of a Jacobite poet, who seems to have been "a good
+hater" of King William. I have made ineffectual efforts to discover the
+witty author, or to ascertain if these compositions have ever been
+printed. My friend, in whose waste-book I found them,--a beneficed
+clergyman in Worcestershire, who has been several years dead,--obtained
+them from a college friend during the last century.
+
+  "UPON KING WILLIAM'S TWO FIRST CAMPAGNES.
+
+  "'Twill puzzle much the author's brains,
+     That is to write your story,
+   To know in which of these campagnes
+     You have acquired most glory:
+   For when you march'd the foe to fight,
+     Like Heroe, nothing fearing,
+   Namur was taken in your sight,
+     And Mons within your hearing."
+
+
+  "ON THE OBSERVING THE 30TH OF JANUARY, 1691.
+
+   "Cease, Hippocrites, to trouble heaven
+    How can ye think to be forgiven
+      The dismall deed you've done?
+    When to the martyr's sacred blood,
+    This very moment, if you could,
+      You'd sacrifice his son."
+
+
+  "ON KING WILLIAM'S RETURN OUT OF FLANDERS.
+
+   "Rejoice, yee fops, yo'r idoll's come agen
+    To pick yo'r pocketts, and to slay yo'r men;
+    Give him yo'r millions, and his Dutch yo'r lands:
+    Don't ring yo'r bells, yee fools, but wring yo'r hands."
+
+GRENDON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE'S GRIEF AND FRENZY.
+
+I have looked into many an edition of Shakspeare, but I have not found
+one that traced the connexion that I fancy exists between the lines--
+
+  _Cassius._ "I did not think you could have been so angry."
+
+  _Brutus._  "O Cassius! I am sick of many griefs."
+
+or between
+
+  _Brutus._  "No man bears sorrow better.--Portia is dead."
+
+  _Cassius._ "How 'scaped I killing when I crossed you so!"
+
+  _Julius Caesar_, Act iv. Sc. 3.
+
+which will perhaps better suit the object that I have in view. The
+editors whose notes I have examined probably thought the connexion so
+self-evident or insignificant as not to require either notice or
+explanation. If so, I differ from them, and I therefore offer the
+following remarks for the _amusement_ rather than for the _instruction_
+of those who, like myself, are not at all ashamed to confess that they
+cannot read Shakspeare's music "_at sight_." I believe that both
+_Replies_ contain an allusion to the fact that _Anger, grafted on
+sorrow, almost invariably assumes the form of frenzy; that it is in
+every sense of the word "Madness," when the mind is unhinged, and
+reason, as it were, totters from the effects of grief_.
+
+Cassius had but just mildly rebuked Brutus for making no better use of
+his philosophy, and now--startled by the sudden sight of his bleeding,
+mangled heart--"Portia is--Dead!" pays involuntary homage to the very
+philosophy he had so rashly underrated by the exclamation--
+
+  "How 'scaped I _killing_ when I crossed you so!"
+
+I wish, if possible, to support this view of the case by the following
+passages:--
+
+  I.  Romeo's address to Balthasar.
+      "But if thou ... roaring sea."
+
+  II. His address to Paris.
+      "I beseech thee youth ... away!"
+
+  _Romeo and Juliet_, Act v. Sc. 3.
+
+    III. "The poor father was ready to fall down dead; but he
+    grasped the broken oar which was before him, jumped up, and
+    called in a faltering voice,--'Arrigozzo! Arrigozzo!' This was
+    but for a moment. Receiving no answer, he ran to the top of the
+    rock; looked at all around, ran his eye over all who were safe,
+    one by one, but could not find his son among them. Then seeing
+    the count, who had so lately been finding fault {276} with his
+    son's name, he roared out,--'Dog, are you here?' And,
+    brandishing the broken oar, he rushed forward to strike him on
+    the head. Bice uttered a cry, Ottorino was quick in warding off
+    the blow; in a minute, Lupo, the falconer, and the boatmen,
+    disarmed the frantic man; who, striking his forehead with both
+    hands, gave a spring, and threw himself into the lake.
+
+    "He was seen fighting with the angry waves, overcoming them with
+    a strength and a courage which desperation alone can
+    give."--_Marco Viconti_, vol. i. chap. 5.
+
+IV. A passage that has probably already occurred to the mind of the
+reader, Mucklebackit mending the cable in which his son had been lost:
+
+    "'There is a curse either on me or on this auld black bitch of a
+    boat, that I have hauled up high and dry, and pitched and
+    clouted sae mony years, that she might drown my poor Steenie at
+    the end of them, an' be d----d to her!' And he flung his hammer
+    against the boat, as if she had been the intentional cause of
+    his misfortune"--_Antiquary_, vol. ii. chap. 13. Cadell, 1829.
+
+    V. "Giton praecipue, _ex dolore in rabiem efferatus_, tollit
+    clamorem, me, utraque manu impulsum, praecipitat super
+    lectum."--Petron. _Arb. Sat._ cap. 94.
+
+The classical reader will at once recognise the force of the words
+"rabiem," "efferatus," "praecipitat," in this passage. The expression
+"utraque manu" may not at first sight arrest his attention. It seems
+always used to express the most intense eagerness; see
+
+    "Ijecit utramque laciniae manum."--Pet. _Arb. Sat._ 14.
+
+    "Utraque manu Deorum beneficia tractat."--Ib. 140.
+
+    "Upon which Menedemus, incensed at his insolence,
+    answered,--'Nothing is more necessary than the preservation of
+    Lucullus;' and thrust him back _with both hands_."--Plutarch,
+    _Life of Lucullus_.
+
+    "Women have a sort of natural tendency to cross their husbands:
+    they lay hold _with both hands_ [a deux mains] on all occasions
+    to contradict and oppose them, and the first excuse serves for a
+    plenary justification."--Montaigne, _Essays_, book 2. chap. 8.
+
+    "Marmout, deceived by the seemingly careless winter attitude of
+    the allies, left Ciudad Rodrigo unprotected within their reach
+    and Wellington jumped _with both feet_ upon the devoted fortress
+    of Napier," _Pen. War_, vol. iv. p. 374.
+
+Any apology for the unwarrantable length of this discursive despatch,
+would, of course, only make matters worse.
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+Temple.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES.
+
+1. _Gnatch._--"The covetous man dares not gnatch" (Hammond's
+_Catechism_). From this, and the examples in Halliwell's _Dictionary_,
+the sense seems to be "to move." Is it related to "gnake?"
+
+2. _Pert._--I lately met with an instance of the use of this word in the
+etymological sense _peritus_: "I beant peart at making button-holes,"
+said a needlewoman.
+
+3. _Rococo._--A far-fetched etymology suggests itself. A wealthy noble
+from the north might express his admiration for the luxuries of Paris by
+the Russian word [Cyrillic: roskosha], or Polish _roskosz_. A Frenchman,
+catching the sound, might apply it to anything extravagant enough to
+astonish a barbarian.
+
+4. _Cad._--The letters from Scotland ascribed to a Captain Burtt,
+employed in surveying the forfeited estates, give an account of the
+"cawdies," or errand boys, of Edinburgh.
+
+5. _Fun_, perhaps Irish, _fonamhad_, jeering, mockery (Lhuyd,
+_Archaeologia Britannica_).
+
+6. _Bumbailiff._--The French have _pousse-cul_, for the follower or
+assistant to the sergeant.
+
+7. Epergne, perhaps _epargne_, a save-all or hold-all. Here seems no
+more difficulty in the transfer of the name than in that of chiffonier,
+from a rag-basket to a piece of ornamental furniture.
+
+8. _Doggrel._--Has the word any connexion with _sdrucciolo_?
+
+9. _Derrick._--A spar arranged to form an extempore crane. I think
+Derrick was the name of an executioner.
+
+10. _Mece_, A.-S., a knife. The word is found in the Sclavonic and
+Tartar dialects. I thinly I remember some years ago reading in a
+newspaper of rioters armed with "pea makes." I do not remember any other
+instance of its use in English.
+
+F.Q.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MISTAKES IN GIBBON.
+
+The following references may be of use to a future editor of Gibbon; Mr.
+Milman has not, I believe, rectified any of the mistakes pointed out by
+the authors cited.
+
+    In the Netherlands ... 50,000 in less than fifty years were ...
+    sacrificed to the intolerance of popery. (Fra Paolo, _Sarpi
+    Conc. Trid._ 1. i. p. 422. ed. sec. Grotius, in his _Annal.
+    Belq._ 1. v. pp. 1G, 17. duod., including _all_ the persecutions
+    of Charles V, makes the number 100,000. The supposed
+    contradiction between these two historians supplied Mr. Gibbon
+    with an argument by which he satisfied himself that be had
+    completely demolished the whole credibility of Eusebius's
+    history. See conclusion of his 16th book.) [Mendham's _Life of
+    Pius V._, p. 303. and note; compare p. 252., where Gibbon's
+    attack on Eusebius is discussed.]
+
+In Forster's _Mahometanism Unveiled_, several of Gibbon's statements are
+questioned. I have not the book at hand, and did not think the
+corrections very important when I read it some time {277} back. The
+reader who has it may see pp. 339. 385. 461-2. 472. 483. 498. of the
+second volume.
+
+In Dr. Maitland's _Dark Ages_, p. 229. seq. note, a gross blunder is
+pointed out.
+
+See too the _Gentlemans Magazine_, July, 1839, p. 49.
+
+Dr. Maitland, in his _Facts and Documents relating to the ancient
+Albigenses and Waldenses_, p. 217. note, corrects an error respecting
+the _Book of Sentences_.
+
+    "Gibbon, speaking of this _Book of Sentences_, in a note on his
+    54th chapter, says, 'Of a list of criminals which fills nineteen
+    folio pages, only _fifteen_ men and _four_ women were delivered
+    to the secular arm.' Vol. v. p. 535. I believe he should have
+    said _thirty-two_ men and _eight_ women; and imagine that he was
+    misled by the fact that the index-maker most commonly (but by no
+    means always) states the nature of the sentence passed on each
+    person. From the book, however, it appears that forty persons
+    were so delivered, viz., twenty-nine Albigenses, seven
+    Waldenses, and four Beguins."
+
+The following mistake was pointed out by the learned Cork correspondent
+of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, I think in 1838; it has misled the writer
+of the article "Anicius", in Smith's _Dictionary of Ancient Biography_,
+and is not corrected by Mr. Milman (Gibbon, chap. xxxi. note 14 and
+text):--
+
+    "During the first five ages, the name of the Anicians was
+    unknown. The earliest date in the annals of Pighius is that of
+    M. Anicius Gallus, Tr. Plebis A.U.C. 506. Another Tribune, Q.
+    Anicius, A.U.C. 508, is distinguished by the epithet
+    Praenestinus."
+
+We learn from Pliny, _H.N._ xxxiii. 6., that Q. Anicius Praenestinus was
+the colleague as curule aedile of Flavius, the famous _scriba_ of Appius
+Caecus, B.C. 304, A.U.C. 450. (See Fischer, _Roem. Zeittafeln_, p. 61-2.)
+Pliny's words are--
+
+    "[Flavius] tantam gratiam plebis adeptus est ... ut aedilis
+    curulis crearetur cum Q. Anicio Praenestino."
+
+Gibbon's chapter on Mahomet seems to be particularly superficial; it is
+to be hoped that a future editor will correct it by the aid of Von
+Hammer's labours.
+
+J.E.B. MAYOR.
+
+Marlborough College.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MINOR NOTES
+
+_"Ockley's History of the Saracens," and unauthentic Works._--At the end
+of a late edition of Washington Irving's _Life of Mahomet_, those "who
+feel inclined to peruse further details of the life of Mahomet, or to
+pursue the course of Saracenic history," are referred to _Ockley_.
+Students should be aware of the character of the histories they peruse.
+And it appears, from a note in Hallam's _Middle Ages_ (vol. ii. p.
+168.), that Wakidi, from whom Ockley translated his work, was a "mere
+fabulist," as Reiske observes, in his preface to Abulfeda.
+
+Query, Would it not be well, if some of your more learned correspondents
+would communicate to students, through the medium of "NOTES AND
+QUERIES," a list of such books as are genuine but not authentic; and
+authentic but not genuine, or altogether spurious? or would point out
+the sources from which such information can be obtained?
+
+P.H.F.
+
+
+_The Hippopotamus._--Your correspondent L. (Vol. ii., p. 35.) says,
+"None of the Greek writers appear to have seen a live hippopotamus:" and
+again, "The hippopotamus, being an inhabitant of the Upper Nile, was
+imperfectly known to the ancients." Herodotus says (ii. 71.) that this
+animal was held sacred by the Nomos of Papremis, but not by the other
+Egyptians. The city of Papremis is fixed by Baehr in the west of the
+Delta (ad ii. 63.); and Mannert conjectured it to be the same as the
+later Xois, lying between the Sebennytic and Canopic branches, but
+nearer to the former. Sir Gardner Wilkinson says, several
+representations of the hippopotamus were found at Thebes, one of which
+he gives (_Egyptians_, vol. iii. pl. xv.). Herodotus' way of speaking
+would seem to show that he was describing from his own observation: he
+used Hecataeus, no doubt, but did not blindly copy him. Hence, I think,
+we may infer that Herodotus himself saw the hippopotamus, and that this
+animal was found, in his day, even as far north as the Delta: and also,
+that the species is gradually dying out, as the aurochs is nearly gone,
+and the dodo quite. The crocodile is no longer found in the Delta.
+
+E.S. JACKSON
+
+
+_America._--The probability of a short western passage to India is
+mentioned in _Aristotle de Coelo_, ii., near the end.
+
+F.Q.
+
+
+_Pascal's Lettres Provinciales._--I take the liberty of forwarding to
+you the following "Note," suggested by two curious blunders which fell
+under my notice some time ago.
+
+In Mr. Stamp's reprint of the Rev. C. Elliott's _Delineation of
+Romanism_ (London, 8vo. 1844), I find (p. 471., in note) a long
+paragraph on Pascal's _Lettres Provinciales_:--
+
+    "This exquisite production," says the English editor, "_is
+    accompanied, in some editions of it, with the learned and
+    judicious observations of Nicole_, who, under the fictitious
+    name of Guillaume Wendrock, has fully demonstrated the truths of
+    those facts which Pascal had advanced without quoting his
+    authorities; and has placed, in a full and striking light,
+    several interesting circumstances which that great man had
+    treated with perhaps too much brevity. _These letters ... were
+    translated into Latin by Ruchelius_."
+
+From Mr. Stamp's remarks the reader is led to conclude that the _text_
+of the _Lettres Provinciales_ {278} is accompanied in some editions by
+observations of Wendrock (Nicole), likewise in the French language. Now
+such an assertion merely proves how carelessly some annotators will
+study the subjects they attempt to elucidate. Nicole _translated_ into
+Latin the _Provincial Letters_; and the masterly disquisitions which he
+added to the volume were, in their turn, "made French" by Mademoiselle
+de Joncoux, and annexed to the editions of 1700, 1712, 1735.
+
+As for Rachelius, if Mr. Stamp had taken the trouble to refer to
+Placcius' _Theatr. Anonym. et Pseud._, he night have seen (Art. 2,883.)
+that this worthy was merely a German _editor_, not a translator of
+Pascal cum Wendrock.
+
+The second blunder I have to notice has been perpetrated by the writer
+of an otherwise excellent article on Pascal in the last number of the
+_British Quarterly Review_ (No. 20. August). He mentions Bossuet's
+edition of the _Pensees_, speaks of "_the prelate_," and evidently
+ascribes to the famous Bishop of Meaux, _who died in_ 1704, the edition
+of Pascal's _Thoughts, published in_ 1779 _by Bossuet_. (See pp. 140.
+142.)
+
+GUSTAVE MASSON.
+
+
+_Porson's Epigram._--I made the following Note many years ago:--
+
+    "The late Professor Porson's own account of his academic visits
+    to the Continent:--
+
+    "'I went to Frankfort, and got drunk With that most learn'd
+    professor--Brunck: I went to Worts, and got more drunken, With
+    that more learn'd professor Ruhncken.'"
+
+But I do not remember where or from whom I got it. Is anything known
+about it, or its authenticity?
+
+P.H.F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUERIES.
+
+"ORKNEYINGA SAGA."
+
+In the introduction to Lord Ellesmere's _Guide to Northern Archaeology_,
+p. xi., is mentioned the intended publication by the Royal Society of
+Northern Antiquaries, Copenhagen, of a volume of historical antiquities
+to be called _Antiquitates Britannicae et Hibernicae_. In the contents of
+this volume is noticed the _Orkneyinga Saga_, a history of the Orkney
+and Zetland Isles from A.D. 865 to 1234, of which there is only the
+edition Copenhagen, 1780, "chiefly printed," it is said, "from a modern
+paper manuscript, and by no means from the celebrated Codex Flateyensis
+written on parchment in the fourteenth century." This would show that
+the Codex Flateyensis was the most valuable manuscript of the work
+published under the name of the _Orkneyinga Saga_, of which its editor,
+Jonas Jonaeus, in his introductory address to the reader, says its author
+and age are equally unknown: "auctor incertus incerto aeque tempore
+scripsit." The _Orkneyinga Saga_ concludes with the burning of Adam
+Bishop, of Caithness, by the mob at Thurso while John was Earl of
+Orkney, and according to Dalrymple's _Annals_ in A.D. 1222; but in the
+narrative given by the historian Torfaeus, in his _Orcades_, of Haco,
+King of Norway's expedition against the western coast of Scotland in
+1263, which terminated in the defeat of the invaders by the Scots at
+Largs, in Ayrshire, and the death of King Haco on his return back in the
+palace of the bishop of Orkney at Kirkwall, reference is made to the
+Codex Flateyensis as to the burial of King Haco in the city of Bergen,
+in Norway, where his remains were finally deposited, after lying some
+months before the shrine of the patron saint in the cathedral of Saint
+Magnus, at Kirkwall. There is not a syllable of King Haco or his
+expedition in the _Orkneyinga Saga_; and as I cannot reconcile this
+reference of Torfaeus (2nd edition, 1715, book ii. p. 170.) with the
+_Saga_, the favour of information is desired from some of your
+antiquarian correspondents. The Codex Flateyensis has been ascribed to a
+pensioner of the king of Norway resident in Flottay, one of the southern
+isles of Orkney, but with more probability can be attributed to some of
+the monks of the monastery built on the small island of Flatey, lying in
+Breida Fiord, a gulf on the west coast of Iceland.
+
+W.H.F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MINOR QUERIES.
+
+_Incumbents of Church Livings in Kent._--I have by me the following MS.
+note:--"A list of B.A.'s graduated at Cambridge from 1500 to 1735 may be
+found in 'Additional MSS. British Museum, No. 5,585.'" Will any of your
+correspondents inform me if this reference is correct, and if the list
+can be examined?
+
+Is there in the British Museum or elsewhere a list of incumbents of
+church livings in Kent (with name and birthplace) from 1600 to 1660?
+
+BRANBRIDGES.
+
+
+_York Buildings Company._--This company existed about the middle of the
+last century. I shall be glad to be informed where the papers connected
+with it are to be met with, and may be referred to.
+
+WDN.
+
+
+_Saying ascribed to Montaigne._--The saying, "I have here only made a
+nosegay of culled flowers, and have brought nothing of my own but the
+thread that ties them," is usually ascribed to Montaigne. In what part
+of his works are these words to be found? I heard doubts expressed of
+their genuineness some years ago by a reader of the _Essays_; and my own
+search for them has also proved hitherto unsuccessful.
+
+C. FORBES. {279}
+
+
+"_Modum promissionis_."--Will any of your readers help to interpret the
+following expression in a mediaeval author:--
+
+    "(Ut vulgo loquitur) modum promissionis ostendit?"
+
+I have reason to think that _modum promissionis_ means "a provisional
+arrangement:" but by whom, and in what common parlance, was this
+expression used?
+
+C.W.B.
+
+
+_Roman Catholic Theology._--Is there any work containing a list of Roman
+Catholic theological works published in the English language from the
+year 1558 to 1700?
+
+M.Y.A.H.
+
+
+_Wife of Edward the Outlaw._--Can any of your correspondents inform me
+who was the wife of Edward the Outlaw, and consequently mother of
+Margaret of Scotland, and ancestress of the kings of England?
+
+The account adopted by most historians is that Canute, in 1017, sent the
+two sons of Edmund Ironside to the king of Denmark, whence they were
+transferred to Solomon, king of Hungary, who gave his sister to the
+eldest; and, on his death without issue, married the second Edward to
+Agatha, daughter of the Emperor Henry II. (or, in some accounts, Henry
+III., or even, in Grafton's _Chronicles_, called Henry IV.), and sister
+to his own queen.
+
+That Edward the Outlaw returned to England in 1057, having had five
+children, of whom three survived: Edgar; Margaret, who in 1067 married
+King Malcolm of Scotland, and another daughter.
+
+Now this account is manifestly incorrect. The Emperor Henry II. died
+childless: when on his death-bed he restored his wife to her parents,
+declaring that both he and she had kept their vows of chastity.
+
+Solomon did not ascend the throne of Hungary until 1063, in which year
+he had also married Sophia, daughter of the Emperor Henry III.; but this
+monarch (who was born in October, 1017, married his first wife in 1036,
+who died, leaving one child, in 1038 and his second wife in November
+1043) could not be the grandfather of the five children of Edward the
+Outlaw, born prior to 1057.
+
+The _Saxon Chronicle_ says, that Edward married Agatha the emperor's
+cousin.
+
+E.H.Y.
+
+
+_Conde's "Arabs in Spain"_.--In Professor de Vericour's _Historical
+Analysis of Christian Civilisation_, just published, it is stated (p.
+499.) that Conde's _Arabs in Spain_ has been translated into English. I
+have never met with a translation, and fancy that the Professor has made
+a mistake. Can any of your correspondents decide? I know that a year or
+two ago, Messrs. Whittaker announced that a translation would form part
+of their _Popular Library_; but for some reason (probably insufficient
+support) it never appeared. Query, Might not Mr. Bohn with advantage
+include this work in his _Standard Library_?
+
+IOTA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REPLIES.
+
+CAVE'S HISTORIA LITERARIA.
+
+I do not know whether the notices respecting Cave's _Historia Literaria_
+(Vol. ii., pp. 230. 255.) hold out any prospect of a new edition. It is
+much to be desired; and as it may be done at some time or other, you
+will perhaps allow me to make a Note of a circumstance which
+accidentally came to my knowledge, and should be known to any future
+editor. It is simply this: in the second volume of the Oxford edition of
+1740, after the three dissertations, &c., there are fifteen pages, with
+a fresh pagination of their own, entitled, "Notae MSS. et Accessiones
+_Anonymi_ ad Cavei Historiam Literariam, Codicis Margini adscriptae, in
+Bibliotheca Lambethana. Manus est plane Reverendiss. _Thomae Tenison_,
+Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi." Not to occupy more of your valuable space
+than is necessary, I will merely observe that the "Anonymus" was not
+Archbishop Tenison, but Henry Wharton. There can be no doubt in the mind
+of any person acquainted with the handwriting of the parties; and to
+those to whom such a notice is likely to be of any use at all, it is
+unnecessary to say that the difference is important. I need scarcely
+add, that if ever a new edition is undertaken, Wharton's books and
+papers, and other things in the Lambeth collection of MSS., should be
+examined.
+
+S.R. MAITLAND.
+
+
+_Cave's Historia Literaria_ (Vol ii., p. 230.).--
+
+1. London, 1688-1698, 2 vols. folio. This was the first edition. A
+curious letter from Cave to Abp. Tenison respecting the assistance which
+H. Wharton furnished to this work is printed in Chalmers' _Biog. Dict._,
+vol. xxxi. p. 343.
+
+2. Geneva, 1693, folio.
+
+3. ------, 1694, folio.
+
+4. ------, 1705, folio.
+
+5. Coloniae Allobrogum, 1720, folio.
+
+6. Oxon. 1740-43, 2 vols. folio. Dr. Waterland rendered important aid in
+bringing out this edition, which Bp. Marsh pronounces "the best." It
+seems from some letters of Waterland's to John Loveday, Esq. (works by
+Van Mildert, 1843, vol. vi. p. 423-436.), that Chapman, a petty canon of
+Windsor, was the editor.
+
+7. Basil, 1741-5, 2 vols. folio. This is said to be an exact reprint
+from the Oxford edition.
+
+Watt and Dr. Clarke mention an edition, 1749, 2 vols. folio; but I
+cannot trace any copy of such edition.
+
+JOHN I. DREDGE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {280}
+
+SIR GAMMER VANS.
+
+In reply to C.'s inquiry (Vol. ii., p. 89.) as to a comic story about
+one _Sir Gammer Vans_, I have pleasure in communicating what little
+information I have on the subject. Some years ago, when I was quite a
+boy, the story was told me by an Irish clergyman, since deceased. He
+spoke of it as an old Irish tradition, but did not give his authority
+for saying so. The story, as he gave it, contained no allusion to an
+"aunt" or "mother." I do not know whether it will be worthy of
+publication: but here it is, and you can make what use of it you like:--
+
+    "Last Sunday morning at six o'clock in the evening, as I was
+    sailing over the tops of the mountains in my little boat, I met
+    two men on horseback riding on one mare: so I asked them 'Could
+    they tell me whether the little old woman was dead yet, who was
+    hanged last Saturday week for drowning herself in a shower of
+    feathers?' They said they could not positively inform me, but if
+    I went to Sir Gammar Vans he could tell me all about it. 'But
+    how am I to know the house?' said I. 'Ho, 'tis easy enough,'
+    said they, 'for it's a brick house, built entirely of flints,
+    standing alone by itself in the middle of sixty or seventy
+    others just like it.' 'Oh, nothing in the world is easier,' said
+    I. 'Nothing _can_ be easier,' said they: so I went on my way.
+    Now this Sir G. Vans was a giant, and bottlemaker. And as all
+    giants, who _are_ bottlemakers, usually pop out of a little
+    thumb bottle from behind the door, so did Sir G. Vans. 'How d'ye
+    do?' says he. 'Very well, thank you,' says I. 'Have some
+    breakfast with me?' 'With all my heart,' says I. So he gave me a
+    slice of beer, and a cup of cold veal; and there was a little
+    dog under the table that picked up all the crumbs. 'Hang him,'
+    says I. 'No, don't hang him,' says he; 'for he killed a hare
+    yesterday. And if you don't believe me, I'll show you the hare
+    alive in a basket.' So he took me into his garden to show me the
+    curiosities. In one corner there was a fox hatching eagle's
+    eggs; in another there was an iron apple tree, entirely covered
+    with pears and lead; in the third there was the hare which the
+    dog killed yesterday alive in the basket; and in the fourth
+    there were twenty-four _hipper switches_ threshing tobacco, and
+    at the sight of me they threshed so hard that they drove the
+    plug through the wall, and through a little dog that was passing
+    by on the other side. I, hearing the dog howl, jumped over the
+    wall; and turned it as neatly inside out as possible, when it
+    ran away as if it had not an hour to live. Then he took me into
+    the park to show me his deer: and I remembered that I had a
+    warrant in my pocket to shoot venison for his majesty's dinner.
+    So I set fire to my bow, poised my arrow, and shot amongst them.
+    I broke seventeen ribs on one side, and twenty-one and a half on
+    the other: but my arrow passed clean through without ever
+    touching it, and the worst was I lost my arrow; however, I found
+    it again in the hollow of a tree. I felt it: it felt clammy. I
+    smelt it; it smelt honey. 'Oh, ho!' said I, 'here's a bee's
+    nest,' when out sprung a covey of partridges. I shot at them;
+    some say I killed eighteen, but I am sure I killed thirty-six,
+    besides a dead salmon which was flying over the bridge, of which
+    I made the best apple pie I ever tasted."
+
+Such is the story: I can answer for its general accuracy. I am quite at
+sea as to the meaning and orthography of "hipper switches,"--having
+heard, not seen, the story.
+
+S.G.
+
+Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE COLLAR OF SS.
+
+(Vol. ii., pp. 89. 194. 248.)
+
+The Collar of SS. "is to this day a mystery to the most learned and
+indefatigable antiquaries," according to Mr. Planche, in his valuable
+little work on _The History of British Costume_: what has appeared in
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" certainly has not cleared away the obscurity.
+ARMIGER tells us (Vol. ii., p. 195.): "As to the derivation of the name
+of the collar from _Soverayne_; from St. Simplicius; from the martyrs of
+Soissons (viz. St. Crespin and St. Crespinian, upon whose anniversary
+the battle of Agincourt was fought); from the Countess of Salisbury;
+from the word _Souvenez_; and, lastly, from Seneschallus or Steward,
+(which latter is MR. NICHOLS' notion)--they may be regarded as mere
+monkish (?) or heraldic gossip." If the monastic writers had spoken
+anything on the matter, a doubt never would have existed: but none of
+them has even hinted at it. Never having seen the articles in the
+_Gentleman's Magazine_, I do not know MR. NICHOLS' reasons for supposing
+"Seneschallus or Steward" could have furnished an origin of the SS.; but
+I am at loss to think of any grounds upon which such a guess could rest.
+From the searches I have made upon this question, it seems to me that
+these SS. are taken as a short way of expressing the "SANCTUS, SANCTUS,
+SANCTUS" of the Salisbury liturgy and ritual. I hope soon to be able to
+lay before the public the documents out of which I draw this opinion, in
+a note to the third and forthcoming volume of _The Church of our
+Fathers_.
+
+D. ROCK.
+
+_Collar of SS._--To your list of persons _now_ privileged to wear these
+collars, I beg to add her Majesty's serjeant trumpeter, Thomas Lister
+Parker, Esq., to whom a silver collar of SS. has been granted. It is
+always worn by him or his deputy on state occasions.
+
+THOMAS LEWIS,
+
+Acting Serjeant Trumpeter.
+34. Mount Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+JOACHIN, THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR.
+(Vol. ii., p. 229.)
+
+Your correspondent AMICUS will I fear find very little information about
+this mysterious person in the writers of French history of the time.
+{281} He is thus mentioned in Cavendish's _Life of Wolsey_ (ed. 1825,
+vol. i. p. 73.):--
+
+    "The French king lying in his camp, sent secretly into England a
+    privy person, a very witty man, to entreat of a peace between
+    him and the king our sovereign lord, whose name was John
+    Joachin; he was kept as secret as might be, that no man had
+    intelligence of his repair; for he was no Frenchman, but an
+    Italian born, a man before of no estimation in France, or known
+    to be in favour with his master, but to be a merchant; and for
+    his subtle wit, elected to entreat of such affairs as the king
+    had commanded him by embassy. This Joachin, after his arrival
+    here in England, was secretly conveyed unto the king's manor of
+    Richmond, and there remained until Whitsuntide; at which time
+    the cardinal resorted thither, and kept there the said feast
+    very solemnly. In which season my lord caused this Joachin
+    divers times to dine with him, whose talk and behaviour seemed
+    to be witty, sober, and wondrous discreet."
+
+My note on this passage says:--
+
+    "The name of this person was Giovanni Joacchino Passano, a
+    Genoese; he was afterwards called Seigneur de Vaux. The emperor,
+    it appears, was informed of his being in England, and for what
+    purpose. The cardinal stated that Joacchino came over as a
+    merchant; and that as soon as he discovered himself to be sent
+    by the lady regent of France, he made De Praet (the emperor's
+    ambassador) privy thereto, and likewise of the answer given to
+    her proposals. The air of mystery which attached to this mission
+    naturally created suspicion; and, after a few months, De Praet,
+    in his letters to the emperor, and to Margaret, governess of the
+    Netherlands, expressed his surmise that all was not right,
+    alleging his reasons. His letters were intercepted by the
+    cardinal, and read before the council. Charles and Margaret
+    complained of the insult, and the cardinal explained as well as
+    he could: at the same time protesting against the
+    misinterpretation of De Praet, and assuring them that nothing
+    could be further from his wish than that any disunion should
+    arise between the king his master and the emperor; and
+    notwithstanding the suspicious aspect of this transaction, his
+    dispatches, both before and after this fracas, strongly
+    corroborate his assertions. Wolsey suspected that the Pope was
+    inclined toward the cause of Francis, and reminded him of his
+    obligations to Henry and Charles. The Pope had already taken the
+    alarm, and had made terms with the French king, but had
+    industriously concealed it from Wolsey, and at length urged in
+    his excuse that he had no alternative. Joacchino was again in
+    England upon a different mission, and was an eye-witness of the
+    melancholy condition of the cardinal when his fortunes were
+    reversed. He sympathised with him, and interested himself for
+    him with Francis and the queen dowager, as appears by his
+    letters published in _Legrand, Histoire du Divorce de Henry
+    VIII_."
+
+I think it is from this interesting book, which throws much light upon
+many of the intricate passages of the history of the times, that I
+derived my information. It is in all respects a work worth consulting.
+
+S.W. SINGER.
+
+
+REMAINS OF JAMES II.
+(Vol. ii., p. 243.).
+
+The following passage is transcribed from a communication relative to
+the Scotch College at Paris, made by the Rev. H. Longueville Jones to
+the _Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica_, 1841, vol. vii. p. 33.:--
+
+    "The king left his brains to this college; and, it used to be
+    said, other parts, but this is more doubtful, to the Irish and
+    English colleges at Paris. His heart was bequeathed to the Dames
+    de St. Marie at Chaillot, and his entrails were buried at St.
+    Germain-en-Laye, where a handsome monument has been erected to
+    his memory by order of George IV.; but the body itself was
+    interred in the monastery of English Benedictine Monks that once
+    existed in the Rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, close to the Val de
+    Grace. In this latter house, previous to the Revolution, the
+    following simple inscription marked where the monarch's body
+    lay:--
+
+    "'CI GIST JACQUES II. ROI DE LA GRANDE BRETAGNE.'"
+
+A monument to the king still exists in the chapel of the Scotch College
+(which is now leased to a private school), and the inscription, in
+Latin, written by James, Duke of Perth, is printed in the same volume of
+_Collectanea_, p. 35., followed by all the other inscriptions to James's
+adherents now remaining in that chapel.
+
+In a subsequent communication respecting the Irish College at Paris,
+made by the same gentleman, and printed in the same volume, at p. 113.
+are these remarks:--
+
+    "It is not uninteresting to add, that the body of James II. was
+    brought to this college after the destruction of the English
+    Benedictine Monastery adjoining the Val de Grace; and remained
+    for some years in a temporary tomb in one of the lecture halls,
+    then used as the chapel. It was afterwards removed; by whose
+    authority, and to what place, is not exactly known: but it is
+    considered not improbable that it was transported to the church
+    of St. Germain-en-Laye, and there buried under the monument
+    erected by George IV. Some additional light will probably be
+    thrown on this subject, in a work on the Stuarts now in course
+    of compilation."
+
+Has this work since appeared?
+
+J.G.N.
+
+
+_Interment of James II._--I remember reading in the French papers, in
+the year 1823 or 1824, a long account of the then recent exhumation and
+re-interment in another spot of the remains of James II. I was but a boy
+at the time, and neglected to make a "Note", which might now be valuable
+to you. I have not the least doubt, however, that the fact will be
+discovered on reference to a file of the _Etoile_, or any other of the
+Paris papers of one or other of the years above named.
+
+There is a marble monument erected in memory of James, in the chapel of
+the old Scotch College, in the Rue des Fosses Saint Victor. An urn of
+bronze, gilt, containing the king's brains, formerly {282} stood on the
+crown of this monument. The urn was smashed and the contents scattered
+over the ground, during the French Revolution. A much more important
+loss to posterity was incurred by the destruction of the manuscripts
+entrusted by James to the keeping of the brotherhood he loved. The trust
+is alluded to with mingled pride and affection in the noble and touching
+inscription on the royal monument.
+
+J.D.
+
+Earl's Court, Kensington.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HANDFASTING.
+(Vol. ii., p. 151.)
+
+Your correspondent J.M.G. has brought forward a curious subject, and one
+well deserving attention and illustration. A fair is said to have been
+held at the meeting of the Black and White Esks, at the foot of
+Eskdalemuir, in Dumfriesshire, when the singular custom of _Handfasting_
+was observed. The old statistical account of the parish says:
+
+    "At that fair it was the custom for unmarried persons of both
+    sexes to choose a companion according to their liking, whom they
+    were to live with till _that time next year_. This was called
+    _handfasting_, or hand-in-fist. If they were pleased with each
+    other at that time, then they continued together for life; if
+    not, they separated, and were free to make another choice as at
+    the first."
+
+John Maxwell, Esq., of Broomholm, in a letter (dated April 15th, 1796)
+to the Rev. Wm. Brown, D.D., of Eskdalemuir, says, in reference to this
+custom:
+
+    "No account can be given of the period at which the custom of
+    _handfasting_ commenced; but I was told by an old man, John
+    Murray, who died at the farm of Irvine (as you go from Langholm
+    to Canobie), and had formerly been a proprietor in Eskdaldemuir,
+    that he was acquainted with, or at least had seen an old man, I
+    think his name was Beattie, who was grandson to a couple who had
+    been handfasted. You perhaps know that _the children born under
+    the handfasting engagement were reckoned lawful children, and
+    not bastards_, though the parents did afterwards resile. This
+    custom of handfasting does not seem to have been peculiar to
+    your parish. Mention is made in some histories of Scotland that
+    Robert II. was _handfasted_ to Elizabeth More before he married
+    Euphemia Ross, daughter of Hugh, Earl of that name, by both of
+    whom he had children; his eldest son John, by Elizabeth More,
+    viz., King Robert III., commonly called Jock Ferngyear,
+    succeeded to the throne in preference to the sons of Euphemia,
+    his married wife. Indeed, after Euphemia's death, he married his
+    former handfasted wife Elizabeth."
+
+Sir J. Chardin observes that contracts for temporary wives are frequent
+in the East, which contracts are made before the Cadi with the formality
+of a measure of corn, mentioned over and above the stipulated sum of
+money.
+
+Baron du Tott's account of "Marriages by Capin," corroborated by Eastern
+travellers, corresponds with the custom of _Handfasting_. He says:
+
+    "There is another kind of marriage which, stipulating the return
+    to be made, fixes likewise the time when the divorce is to take
+    place. This contract is called _capin_: and, properly speaking,
+    is only an agreement between the parties to live together _for
+    such a price, during such a time_."
+
+This contract is a regular form of marriage, and is so regarded
+generally in the East.
+
+The Jews seem to have had a similar custom, which perhaps they borrowed
+from the neighbouring nations; at least the connexion formed by the
+prophet Hosea (chap. iii. 2.) bears a strong resemblance to
+_Handfasting_ and _Capin_.
+
+JARLTZBERG.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ADAM OF BREMEN'S JULIN.
+
+In reply to V. from Belgravia (Vol. ii., p. 230.), I am partially at a
+loss to know the exact bearing of his Query. Adam of Bremen's account of
+Julin is no _legend_, nor does he mention it at all as a _doomed city_.
+On the contrary, his description is that of a flourishing emporium of
+commerce, for which purpose he selects very strong superlatives, as in
+the following account (_De Situ Damae_, lib. ii. cap. ii.):
+
+    "Ultra Leuticos qui alio nomine Welzi dicuntur Oddera Flumen
+    occurrit; amnis dilectissimus Slavonicae regionis. In cujus
+    ostro, qui Scythicas alludet paludes, nobilissima civitas
+    Julinum celeberrimam Barbaris et Graecis qui in circuitu praestet
+    stationem. De cujus praeconio quia magna et vix credibilia
+    recitantur, volupe arbitror pauca inserere digna relata. Est
+    sane maxime omnium quas Europa claudit civitatum, quam incolunt
+    Slavi cum aliis gentibus Graecis et Barbaris. Nam et advenae
+    Saxones parem cohabitandi legem acceperunt, si tamen
+    Christianitatis titulum ibi morantes non publicaverint. Omnes
+    enim adhuc paganicis ritibus aberrant, ceterum moribus et
+    hospitalitate nulla gens honestior aut benignior poterit
+    inveniri. Urbs illa mercibus omnium septentrionalium nationum
+    locuples nihil non habet jucundi et rari."
+
+As Adam is supposed to have been a native and a priest at Magdeburg,
+whence he was translated by Archbishop Adalbert to a benefice in the
+cathedral of Bremen, he must, from his comparative proximity to the
+spot, be supposed a competent witness; and there is not reason to
+suppose why he should not have been also a creditable one. He died about
+1072, and the _legends_, if any, concerning this famous place, here
+described as the most extensive in Europe, must have been subsequently
+framed.
+
+For about one hundred years later (1184) we have from Helmold, the
+parish priest of Boesan, a small village on the eastern confines of
+Holstein, a repetition of Adam's words, for a place which he calls {283}
+"Veneta," but always in the past tense as, "quondam fuit nobilissima
+civitas," etc.; so that it is plain from that and his expression
+"excidium civitatis;" as well as, "Hanc civitatem opulentissimam quidam
+Danorum rex, maxima classe stipatus, fundetus evertisse refertur." The
+great question is, Where was this great city? and, are the _Julin_ of
+Adam and the _Veneta_ of Helmold identical? Both questions have given
+rise to endless discussions amongst German archaeologists. The published
+maps, as late at least as the end of the last century, had a note at a
+place in the Baltic, opposite to the small town of Demmin, in
+Pomerania:--"Hic Veneta emporium olim celeberr. aequar. aestu absorpt."
+Many, perhaps the majority, of recent writers contend for the town of
+Wallin, which gives its name to one of the islands by which the Stettin
+Haff is formed,--though the slight verbal conformity seems to be their
+principal ground; for no _rudera_, no vestiges of ancient grandeur now
+mark the spot, not even a tradition of former greatness: whilst Veneta,
+which can only be taken to mean the _civitas_ of the Veneti, a nation
+placed by Tacitus on this part of the coast, has a long unbroken chain
+of oral evidence in its favour, as close to Rugen; and, if authentic
+records are to be credited, ships have been wrecked in the last century
+on ancient moles or bulwarks, which then rose nearly to the surface from
+the submerged ruins. But the subject is much too comprehensive for the
+compressed notices of your miscellany. I hope to have shortly an
+opportunity of treating the subject at large in reference to the
+Schiringsheal which Othere described to King Alfred, about two hundred
+years earlier.
+
+An edition of Adam and Helmold is very desirable in England, even in a
+translations as a part of Bohn's _Antiquarian Series_.
+
+WILLIAM BELL, PH. D.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.
+
+_Bess of Hardwick_ (Vol. i., p. 276.).--The following particulars in
+answer to this Query will, I hope, elicit some further information from
+other quarters. I have, in my answer, attempted to be as brief as
+possible.
+
+John, the fifth recorded Hardwick, of Hardwick, left issue, by Elizabeth
+Leake, six children: of whom JAMES (or John) was thrice married, and
+died _sine prole_, and DOROTHY died an infant: the four remaining
+daughters became coheiresses.
+
+Of these MARY HARDWICK married (his first wife) Richard Wingfield, of
+Wantisden, seventh son of Sir Anthony Wingfield, of Letheringham, co.
+Suffolk, K.G. His will was proved in London 14th August, 1591. Their
+eldest son _Henry_ was of Crowfield, co. Suffolk. His great-grandson,
+_Harbottle Wingfield_, of Crowfield, was living 1644, and his
+descendants, if any, may quarter Hardwick. Their second son, _Anthony
+Wingfield_, was the well-known Greek reader to Queen Elizabeth; and
+their third son, _Sir John Wingfield_, married Susan Bertie, Countess
+Dowager of Kent, and left _Peregrin Wingfield_, of whom nothing is
+recorded.
+
+JANE HARDWICK, next daughter, married Godfrey Bosvile of Gunthwaite and
+Beighton, co. Ebor. His will is dated 22nd July, 1580. Their eldest
+child, _Francis Bosvile_, left only daughter, Grace Bosvile, who died
+young. His three sisters became coheirs, but the estate of Gunthwaite
+went to an uncle, ancestor of the present Godfrey Bosvile, Lord
+Macdonald. Of these sisters, _Frances Bosvile_ married John Savile;
+_Dorothy Bosvile_, John Lacy; and _Elizabeth Bosvile_, John Copley:
+either they had no children, or these died young. _Mary Bosvile_, the
+second daughter and coheir, married Richard Burdett, of Derby, living
+1612. Their son, _George Burdett_, had by his first wife a son, whose
+issue failed; and by his second wife two daughters, eventually coheirs.
+
+Of these. _Mary Burdett_ married, first, Richard Pilkington, and second,
+Sir T. Beaumont, of Whitby: and _another sister_ married--Ramsden. No
+issue of either are recorded. The third sister, _Elizabeth Burdett_,
+married, at Hoyland, 6th Feb., 1636, the Rev. Daniel Clark, A.M., and
+died 27th Aug., 1679, at Fenney-Compton. Their great-grandson and sole
+male representative was the late _Joseph Clark_ of Northampton, whose
+descendants also quarter Hardwick.
+
+ELIZABETH HARDWICK, the next daughter, was the celebrated Countess of
+Shrewsbury. Her _representatives_ are all noble, and their pedigrees may
+be found in the Peerages. They are--
+
+1. _The Duke of Devonshire_, representing Wm. Cavendish, first earl.
+
+Certain descendants of Sir Charles Cavendish, of Welbeck Abbey, or
+rather of his grandson, Henry, second Duke of Newcastle, namely,
+
+2. The _Duke of Portland_, representing Margaret Pelham, the Duke's
+eldest coheir;
+
+3. The _Marquis of Salisbury_ from Catherine, and second coheir;
+
+4. The _Earl De la Warr_; and
+
+5. The _Earl of Aboyne_, are the coheirs of Sir Charles Cope, Baronet,
+of Orton; who represented Arabella, Countess of Sunderland, third
+coheir. These five all quarter Hardwick.
+
+ALICE HARDWICK, next daughter, married Francis Hercy, according to some
+pedigrees. No issue recorded.
+
+There are therefore descendants certainly known of only two of the
+children of John Hardwick. Possibly some of your correspondents can
+supply those of Wingfield and Hercy.
+
+The crest and arms of the Hardwicks may be found in Edmondson. They only
+quartered Pynchbeke. I am not aware of any motto. {284}
+
+Miss Costello, and other biographers of the Countess of Shrewsbury, have
+quite overlooked all the descendants of her sisters. Possibly, should
+these lines meet the eye of the Duke of Devonshire, who possesses the
+estates and papers of the Hardwicks, it may lead to more particulars
+concerning the family being made public.
+
+ERMINE.
+
+Torquay.
+
+
+_Quotations in Bishop Andrewes_ (Vol. ii., p. 245.).--
+
+  "Minutuli et patellares Dei."
+
+is from Plautus:
+
+  "Di me omnes magni minutique et patellarii."
+  _Cistell._ II. 1. 46.
+
+and
+
+  "Sed quae de septem totum circumspicit orbem
+  Collibus, imperii Roma Deumque locus."
+
+is from Ovid (_Trist_. I. 5. 69.).
+
+J.E.B MAYOR.
+
+Marlborough College.
+
+
+_The Sun Feminine in English_ (Vol. ii., p. 21).--MR. COX may perhaps be
+pleased to learn _why_ the northern nations made the sun feminine. The
+ancient Germans and Saxons--
+
+    "When they discovered how the sun by his heat and influence
+    excited venereal love in creatures subserviant to his dominion,
+    they then varied his sex, and painted him like a woman, because
+    in them that passion is most impotent, and yet impetuous; on her
+    head they placed a myrtle crown or garland to denote her
+    dominion, and that love should be alwaies verdant as the myrtle;
+    in one hand she supported the world, and in the other three
+    golden apples, to represent that the world and its wealth are
+    both sustained by love. The three golden apples signified the
+    threefold beauty of the sun, exemplified in the morning,
+    meridian, and evening; on her breast was lodged a burning torch,
+    to insinuate to us the violence of the flame of love which
+    scorches humane hearts."--_Philipot's Brief and Historical
+    Discourse of the Original and Growth of Heraldry_, pp. 12, 13.
+    London, 1672.
+
+T.H. KERSLEY
+
+King William's College, Isle of Man.
+
+_Carpatio_ (Vol. ii., p. 247.).--Your Querist must be little versed in
+early Italian art, not to know that Vittore Carpaccio (such is the
+correct spelling) was one of the morning stars of the Venetian school;
+and his search must have been somewhat careless, as Carpaccio and his
+works are fully described in Kugler's _Handbook_, p. 149., and in Lanzi.
+Some exquisite figures of his, of which Mrs. Jameson has given a St.
+Stephen in her _Legendary Art_, exist in the Brera at Milan. He is a
+painter not sufficiently known in England, but one whom it may be hoped
+the Arundel Society will introduce by their engravings. I cannot assist
+J.G.N. in explaining the subject of his engraving. May _Cornubioe_ be by
+error for _Cordubioe_?
+
+CLERICUS.
+
+
+_The Character_ "&".--This character your correspondent will at once see
+is only the Latin word "et", written in a flourishing form; as we find
+it repeated in the abbreviation "&c.," for "et cetera". Its adoption as
+a contraction for the English word "and", arose, no doubt, from the
+facility of its formation; and the name it acquired was "and-per
+se-and", "and by itself and," which is easily susceptible of the
+corruptions noticed by MR. LOWER.
+
+[Greek: PHI].
+
+
+_Walrond Family_ (Vol. ii., p. 206.).--Burke, in his _History of the
+Commoners_, only gives the name of George, _one_ of the sons of Colonel
+Humphry Walrond. He also states that the colonel married _Elizabeth_,
+daughter of Nathaniel Napier, Esq., of More Critchel. Now Colonel
+Walrond appears from his petition (Royalist Comp. Papers, State Paper
+Office) dated 12th February, 1648, addressed to the Commissioners for
+Compounding with Delinquents, to have had _nine_ other children then
+living. He states: "Thus his eldest sonne George Walrond did absente
+himselfe for a short time from his father's house, and went into the
+king's army, where he unfortunately lost his right arme. That he having
+no estate at present, and but little in expectancy after his father's
+death, _he having ten_ children, and all _nine_ to be provided for out
+of y'e petitioner's small estate." In a similar petition, dated about
+two years later, from "_Grace_, the wife of Humphry Walrond, of Sea, in
+the county of Somerset, Esquire," she states "herself to be weake woman,
+and _having_ TEN children (whereof many are infants) to maintain." That
+he was married to this _Grace_, and _not to Elizabeth_ (as stated by
+Burke), as early as 1634, is clear from a licence to alienate certain
+lands at Ilminster, 10 Ch. I. (_Pat. Rolls_.)
+
+That they were both living in 1668 is proved by a petition in the State
+Paper Office (Read in Council, Ap. 8, 1688. Trade Papers, Verginia, No.
+I. A.):--"To the King's most excellent Ma'tie and the rt. hon'ble the
+Lords of his Maj. most hon'ble Privy Councel," from "Grace, the wife of
+Humphry Walrond, Esq." In this petition she states that her husband had
+been very severely prosecuted by Lord Willoughby, whose sub-governor he
+had been in Barbadoes. "He had contracted many debts by reason of his
+loyalty and suffering in the late troubles, to the loss of at least
+thirty thousand pounds." "That his loyalty and sufferings are
+notoriously known, both in this kingdom and the Barbadoes, where he was
+banished for proclaiming your Ma'tie after the murder of your royal
+father." Colonel Walrond is mentioned by Clarendon, Rushworth,
+Whitelock, &c.; but of the date of his death, the maiden name of his
+wife, and the Christian names of all his ten children, I can find no
+account.
+
+The arms S.S.S. inquires about on the monument {285} of Humphry Walrond,
+Esq., in Ilminster Church, are those of the family of Brokehampton.
+Humphry Walrond (who died 1580) married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir
+of John Brokehampton., of Sea, and so obtained that estate.
+
+W. DOWNING BRUCE.
+
+Middle Temple.
+
+
+_Blackguard_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--An early instance of the use of this
+word occurs in a letter from Richard Topcliffe (Aug. 30, 1578), printed
+in Lodge's _Illustrations_, vol. ii. p. 188. I quote from Mr. Jardine's
+_Criminal Trials_, vol. ii. p. 13.: "His house, Euston, far unmeet for
+her Highness, but fitter for the _Black Guard_."
+
+It also occurs in Fuller's _Church History_ (Book ix. cent. xvi. sect.
+vii. Sec. 35. vol. v. p. 160. ed. Brewer):--"For who can otherwise conceive
+but such a prince-principal of darkness must be proportionably attended
+with a _black guard_ of monstrous opinions?"
+
+J.E.B. MAYOR.
+
+
+_Scala Coeli_ (Vol. i., pp. 366. 402. 455.).--Maundrell mentions, "at
+the coming out of Pilate's house, a descent, where was anciently the
+_Scala Sancta_." (_Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem_, p. 107.) This holy
+or heavenly stair was that by which the Redeemer was led down, by order
+of Pilate, according to the legend, and afterwards was, among other
+relics, carried to Rome. It is now in the Church of St. John Lateran,
+whither it is said to have been brought by St. Helena from Jerusalem.
+Pope Alexander Vl., and his successor Julius, granted to the Chapel of
+St. Mary built by King Henry VII., in Westminster Abbey--
+
+    "Easdem indulgencias et peccatorum remissiones ... quas
+    Celebrantes pro Defunctis in Capella _Scala Coeli_ nuncupata in
+    Ecclesia Trium Fontium extra muros Urbis Cisterciensis Ordinis
+    ... consequuntur."
+
+This indulgence of Pope Julius was dated in the year 1504; and its
+intention of drawing thither pilgrims and offerings was fully realised,
+we may believe: for in the year 1519 we find the brotherhood of St. Mary
+of Rouncevall by Charing Cross paying:--
+
+    "To the keper of Scala Celi in the Abby ... vjd."
+
+(See Rymer's _Foedera_, tom. v. pt. iv.; and Dugdale's _Monasticon_,
+vol. i. p. 320.)
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. Oxon.
+
+
+_Sitting during the Lessons_ (Vol. ii., p. 46.).--With respect to L.'s
+Query respecting sitting during the Lessons, I can venture no remarks;
+but the custom of standing during the reading of the Gospel is very
+ancient. In the mass of St. Chrysostom the priest exclaims, "Stand up,
+let us hear the holy Gospel." (Goar, _Rituale Graecorum_, p. 69.) The
+same custom appears in the Latin Liturgy of St. Basil:--"Cumque
+interpres Evangelii dicit 'State cum timore Dei' convertitur Sacerdos ad
+occidentem," etc. (_Renaudot_, vol. i. p. 7. Vide also "Liturgy of St.
+Mark," _Ren_. vol. i. p. 126.) The edition of Renaudot's _Liturgies_ is
+the reprint in 1847.
+
+N.E.R. (a subscriber).
+
+
+_Sitting during the Lessons._--There is no doubt, I believe, that in
+former times the people stood when the minister read the Lessons, to
+show their reverence. It is recorded in Nehemiah, viii. 5.:
+
+    "And Ezra opened the Book in the sight of all the people (for he
+    was above all the people), and when he opened it all the people
+    _stood_ up."
+
+Why this practice should have been altered, or why our Rubric should be
+silent on this head, does not appear quite clear, though I find in
+Wheatley (_On the Book of Common Prayer_, chap. vi. sec. vi.) that which
+seems to me to be a very sufficient reason, if not for the sitting
+during the Lessons, certainly for the standing during the reading of the
+Gospel, and sitting during the Epistle:--
+
+    "In St. Augustine's time the people always stood when the
+    lessons were read, to show their reverence to God's holy word:
+    but afterwards, when this was thought too great a burden, they
+    were allowed to sit down at the lessons, and were only obliged
+    to _stand_ at the reading of the Gospel; which always contains
+    something that Our Lord did speak, or suffered in His own
+    person. By which gesture they showed they had a greater respect
+    to the Son of God himself than they had to any other inspired
+    person, though speaking the word of God, and by God's
+    authority."
+
+WALTER MONTAGUE
+
+
+_Aerostation, Works on_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.).--To the numerous list of
+works on Aerostation which will no doubt be communicated to you in
+answer to the inquiry of C.B.M., I beg to add the following small
+contribution:--
+
+"Saggio Aereonautico di Giuseppe Donini Tifernate," 8vo. pp. 92. With
+four large folding Plates. Firenze 1819.
+
+Signor Donini also published in 1823 (in Citta di Castello per il
+Donati) the following pamphlet:--
+
+"Circolare Areonautico (sic) Guiseppe Dolini d Citta di Castello a tutti
+i dotti, e ricchi nazionali, stranieri. 8vo." pp. 16. Oxford.
+
+J.M.
+
+
+_Aerostation._--Your correspondent C.B.M. (Vol. ii., p. 199.) will find
+some curious matter of _aerostation_ in poor Colonel Maceroni's
+_Autobiography_, 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+W.C.
+
+
+_Pole Money_ (Vol. ii., p. 231.).--The "pole money" alluded to in the
+extracts given by T.N.I., was doubtless the poll tax, which was revived
+in the reign of Charles II. Every one {286} knows that at an earlier
+period of our history it gave rise to Wat Tyler's insurrection. The tax
+was reimposed several times during the reign of William III. and it
+appears from a statement of the Lords in a conference which took place
+with the Commons on the subject in the first of William's reign, that
+the tax, previously to that time, was last imposed in the 29th of
+Charles II.
+
+C. ROSS.
+
+
+_Wormwood Wine_ (Vol. ii., p. 242.).--If, as MR. SINGER supposes,
+"Eisell was absynthites, or wormwood wine, a nauseously bitter
+medicament then much in use," Pepys' friends must have had a very
+singular taste, for he records, on the 24th November, 1660,--
+
+    "Creed and Shepley, and I, to the Rhonish wine house, and there
+    I did give them two quarts of wormwood wine."
+
+Perhaps the beverage was doctored for the English market, and rendered
+more palatable than it had been in the days of Stuckius.
+
+BRAYBROOKE.
+
+
+_Darvon Gatherall_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.).--Dervel Gadarn (vulgarly
+miscalled Darvel Gatheren) was son or grandson of Hywel or Hoel, son to
+Emyr of Britany. He was the founder of Llan-dervel Church, in Merioneth,
+and lived early in the sixth century. The destruction of his image is
+mentioned in the _Letters on the Suppression of Monasteries_, Nos. 95.
+and 101. Some account of it also exists in Lord Herbert's _Henry VIII._,
+which I cannot refer to. I was not aware his name had ever undergone
+such gross and barbarous corruption as _Darvon Gatherall_.
+
+A.N.
+
+
+_Darvon Gatherall_ (Vol. ii., p. 199.), or _Darvel Gatheren_, is spoken
+of in Sir H. Ellis's _Original Letters_, Series III., Letter 330. Hall's
+_Chronicle_, p. 826. ed. 1809.
+
+J.E.B. MAYOR.
+
+
+_Darvon Gatherall._--I send you an extract from Southey's _Common-place
+Book_, which refers to Darvon Gatherall. Southey had copied it from
+Wordworth's _Ecclesiastical Biography_, where it is given as quotation
+from Michael Wodde, who wrote in 1554. He says:--
+
+    "Who could, twenty years agone, say the Lord's Prayer in
+    English?... If we were sick of the pestilence, we ran to St.
+    Rooke: if of the ague, to St. Pernel, or Master John Shorne. If
+    men were in prison, they prayed to St. Leonard. If the Welshman
+    would have a purse, he prayed to _Darvel Gathorne_. If a wife
+    were weary of a husband, she offered oats at Poules; at London,
+    to St. Uncumber."
+
+Can any of your readers inform me who St. Uncumber was?
+
+PWCCA.
+
+
+    [Poules is St. Paul's. The passage from Michael Wodde is quoted
+    in Ellis' _Brand_, vol. i. p. 202. edit. 1841.]
+
+
+_Angels' Visits_ (Vol. i., p. 102.).--WICCAMECUS will find in Norris's
+_Miscellanies_, in a poem "To the Memory of my dear Neece, M.C." (Stanza
+X. p. 10. ed. 1692), the following lines:--
+
+  "No wonder such a noble mind
+  Her way to heaven so soon could find:
+  Angels, as 'tis but seldom they appear,
+  So neither do they make long stay;
+  They do but visit, and away."
+
+Mr. Montgomery (_Christian Poet_) long ago compared this passage with
+those cited by WICCAMECUS.
+
+J.E.B. MAYOR.
+
+
+_Antiquity of Smoking_ (Vol. ii., pp. 41. 216.).--On that interesting
+subject, "The Antiquity of Smoking," I beg to contribute the following
+"Note," which I made some years ego, but unfortunately without a
+reference to the author:--
+
+    "Some fern was evidently in use among the ancients: for
+    Athenaeus, in his first book, quotes from the Greek poet,
+    Crobylus, these words:--
+
+      [Greek:
+      'Kai ton larung haedista purio temachiois
+      Kaminos, ouk anthropos.']
+
+      'And I will sweetly burn my throat with cuttings:
+      A chimney, not a man!'
+
+    "Now as, in a preceding line, the smoker boasts of his 'Idaean
+    fingers,' it is plain that every man rolled up his sharoot for
+    himself."
+
+H.G.
+
+
+_Antiquity of Smoking_ (Vol. ii., p. 216.).--_Herod_. lib. i. sec. 36.
+is referred to for some illustration, I suppose, of smoking through
+tubes. _Herodotus_ supplies nothing: perhaps _Herodian_ may be meant,
+though not very likely. Herb smoking was probably in use in Europe long
+before tobacco. But direct authority seems sadly wanting.
+
+SANDVICENSIS.
+
+
+"_Noli me tangere_" (Vol. ii., pp. 153. 219. 250.).--In a New Testament
+published by the Portusian Bible Society is a small ill-executed print,
+called "Christ appearing to Mary," copied from a picture by C. Ciguani.
+
+WEDSECNARF.
+
+
+_Partrige Family_ (Vol. ii., p. 230.).--Mr. Partrige's reference to
+Strype's _Ecclesiastical Memorials_ is quite unintelligible to those who
+have not access to the Oxford _reprint_ of that work. The reprint (I
+wish that in all other reprints a similar course was adopted) gives the
+paging of the original folio edition. I submit, therefore, that Mr.
+Partrige should have stated that the note he has made is from Strype's
+_Ecclesiastical Memorials_, vol. ii. p. 310.
+
+The grant to which Mr. Partrige refers is, I dare say, on the Patent
+Roll, 7 Edw. VI., which may be inspected at the Public Record Office,
+Rolls Chapel, on payment of a fee of 1s., with liberty to take a copy or
+extract in pencil gratuitously or a plain copy may be obtained at the
+rate of 6d. a folio.
+
+The act of 1 Mary, for the restitution in blood of the heirs of Sir
+Miles Partrige, if not given in the {287} large edition of the Statutes,
+printed by the Record Commissioners, may no doubt be seen at the
+Parliament Office, near the House of Lords, on payment of the fee of 5s.
+
+I believe I am correct in saying that no debates of that session are
+extant; but the proceedings on the various bills may probably be traced
+in the journals of the two Houses of Parliament, which are printed and
+deposited in most of our great public libraries.
+
+C.H. Cooper.
+
+Cambridge, Sept. 7, 1850
+
+
+_City Offices._--The best account of the different public offices of the
+city of London, with their duties, etc., that I know of, your
+correspondent A CITIZEN (Vol. ii., p. 216.) will find in the _Reports of
+the Municipal Corporation Commissioners_.
+
+W.C.
+
+
+_Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood_ (Vol. ii., p. 266.).--The
+claim set up on behalf of Father Paul to the honour of Harvey's
+discovery, which is noticed by your correspondent W.W.B., is
+satisfactorily disposed of in the life of Harvey in the _Biographia
+Britannica_, iv. 2548., note C. Harvey gave a copy of his treatise _De
+Motu Cordis_ to the Venetian ambassador in England. On his return home
+the ambassador lent the book to Father Paul, who made some extracts from
+it. After Father Paul's death, he was thought to be the author of these
+extracts and hence the story which your correspondent quotes. It might
+occasionally be convenient if your correspondents could make _a little_
+inquiry before they send off their letters to you.
+
+Beruchino.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+All who love the shady side of Pall Mall, and agree with Dr. Johnson
+that the tide of human enjoyment flows higher at Charing Cross than in
+any other part of the globe, will gladly welcome Mr. Jesse's recently
+published volumes entitled _London and its Celebrities_. They are
+pleasant, gossiping and suggestive, and as the reader turns over page
+after page of the historical recollections and personal anecdotes which
+are associated with the various localities described by Mr. Jesse, he
+will doubtless be well content to trust the accuracy of a guide whom he
+finds so fluent and so intelligent, and approve rather than lament the
+absence of those references to original authorities which are looked for
+in graver histories. The work is written after the style of Saint Foix'
+_Rues de Paris_, which Walpole once intended to imitate; and is executed
+with a tact which will no doubt render it very acceptable to those for
+whom it has been written, namely those persons whose avocations of
+business or pleasure lead them to traverse the thoroughfares of the
+great metropolis; and to whom it points out in a manner which we have
+correctly designated gossiping, pleasant, and suggestive, "such sites
+and edifices as have been rendered classical by the romantic or literary
+associations of past times."
+
+Messrs. Williams and Norgate have forwarded to us a Catalog of an
+extensive Collection of Books, the property of a distinguished
+physician, which are to be sold by auction in Berlin on the 21st of
+October. The library, which was forty years in forming, is remarkable
+for containing, besides numerous rare works in Spanish, Italian, French,
+and English Literature, a curious series of works connected with the
+American aborigines; and a most extensive collection of works on the
+subjects of Prison Discipline, Poor Laws, and those other great social
+questions which are now exciting such universal attention.
+
+We have received the following Catalogues: J. Miller's (43. Chandos
+Street, Trafalgar Square) Catalogue No. 11, for 1850 of Books Old and
+New, including a large Number of scarce and curious Works on Ireland,
+its Antiquities, Topography, and History; W. Heath's (29-1/2. Lincoln's
+Inn Fields) Catalogue No. 5. for 1850 of Valuable Second-hand Books in
+all Departments of Literature.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE
+
+TRANSLATION OF THE FRENCH LETTERS IN THE APPENDIX TO FOX'S HISTORY OF
+JAMES II. 4to. 1808 HUTTON'S (W.) ROMAN WALL, 8vo. 1801
+
+---- BARBERS, a Poem. 8vo. 1793 (Genuine edition, not the facsimile
+copy.)
+
+---- EDGAR AND ELPRIDA, 8vo. 1794
+
+Odd Volumes.
+
+BEYAN'S DICTIONARY OF PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS, 4to. London, 1816. Vol. I.
+
+SULLY'S MEMOIRS, Eight Volumes in French. London, 1763. Vol. II LES
+AVENTURES DE GIL BLAS. London, 1749. Vols. I and II.
+
+Letters, stating particulars and lowest prices, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to Mr. Dell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186 Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
+
+_Volume the First of Notes and Queries, with Title-page and very copius
+Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by
+order, of all Booksellers and newsmen._
+
+_The Monthly Part for September, being the Fourth of Vol. II, is also
+now ready, price 1s._
+
+_Notes and Queries may be procured by the Trade at noon on Friday: so
+that our country Subscribers ought to experience no difficulty in
+receiving it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers are probably not
+yet aware of this arrangement, which enables them to receive Copies in
+their Saturday parcels._
+
+_S.G. (C.C. Coll., Camb.), who writes respecting the History of Edward
+II., is refered to our First Volume, pp. 59. 91. 220._
+
+A Student of History. _The Oxford Chronological Tables published by
+Talboys, and now to be had of Bohn, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, at
+the reduced price of One Guinea, is, we believe, the best work of the
+kind referred to by our correspondent._
+
+S.S. _The Query respecting Pope's lines_,--"Welcome the coming, speed
+the parting guest," _has been answered. See_ No. 42. p. 188.
+
+       *       *       *       *       * {288}
+
+ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
+
+26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, Sept. 23, 1850.
+
+At an ordinary meeting of the Central Committee of the Archaeological
+Institute, the President in the chair, it was unanimously
+"Resolved--That the Committee, having taken into consideration the
+Resolution of the British Archaeological Association, passed at their
+congress at Manchester, and also that of their Council of the 4th of
+September, and communicated by the President of the Association to the
+President of the Institute, are of opinion that the position and
+prospects of the Institute are such as to render inexpedient any
+essential modifications of it's existing rules and managements.
+
+"The Committee disclaim all unfriendly feeling towards the Association:
+they are of opinion that the field of Archaeology is sufficiently wide
+for the operations of several societies without discord; but if the
+members of the Archaeological Association should be disposed to unite
+with the Institute, the Central Committee will cordially receive them on
+the terms announced in their advertisement of September 9th, which was
+intended to be conciliatory, feeling assured that such a course cannot
+fail to meet with the entire approbation of the members of the
+Institute."
+
+By order of the Central Committee,
+
+H. BOWYER LANE, _Secretary_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,
+
+No. CLXXIV., will be published on Wednesday, October 2nd.
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+I.    TICKNOR'S HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE.
+II.   CHURCH AND EDUCATION IN WALES.
+III.  FORMS OF SALUTATION.
+IV.   SILURIA AND CALIFORNIA.
+V.    MORE ON THE LITERATURE OF GREECE.
+VI.   METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY.
+VII.  ANECDOTES OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.
+VIII. COCHRANE'S YOUNG ITALY.
+IX.   LAST DAYS OF LOUIS PHILIPPE.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Will be published on the 1st of November, 1850, with the other
+Almanacks,
+
+THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC REGISTER AND ALMANACK for 1850. Price 3s.
+6d.
+
+Dedicated by especial permission to H.R.H. Prince Albert, by J.W.G.
+GUTCH, M.R.C.S L., F.L.S.;
+
+Containing a condensed mass of scientific and useful information alike
+valuable to the student and man of science.
+
+Tenth Yearly issue.
+
+Published by D. Bogue, Fleet Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for OCTOBER will contain the following
+articles:--
+
+The Antiquities of Richborough, Reculver, and Lymne (with
+Engravings)--Original Letters of Miss Jane Porter and Count
+Suwarrow--Facts for a new Biographia Britannica--Origin of Newspapers in
+Germany--Memoir of Vauvanargues--Coronation Stone at
+Kingston-upon-Thames (with an Engraving)--The Burkes not concerned in
+Junius--Works of the Van Liugs in Painted Glass--Dr. Chalmers at
+Glasgow--Great Literary Piracy in the Prayer-book of the Ecclesiastical
+History Society--The new One-Hundred-and-fifty-three-Volume Catalogue of
+the British Museum. With Notes of the Month, Literary and Antiquarian
+Intelligence, Historical Chronicle, and Obituary, including Memoirs of
+Louis Philippe, Viscount Newark, Rt. Hon. C. Arbuthnot, Dr. Prout Dr.
+Bromet, John Roby, Esq., John Brumell, Esq., &c., &c. Price 2s. 6d.
+
+NICHOLS AND SON, 25. Parliament-street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Now Ready, 8vo., 3s.,
+
+AN EXAMINATION OF THE CENTURY QUESTION: to which is added, A Letter to
+the Author of "Outlines of Astronomy," respecting a certain peculiarity
+of the Gregorian System of Bissextile compensation.
+
+  "Judicio perpende: et si tibi vera videntur,
+   DEDE MANUS."                       Lucret.
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Lately Published, 8vo., price 12s.
+
+SYNOPSIS Of the DOCTRINE of BAPTISM, REGENERATION, CONVERSION, &c. From
+the Fathers and other Writers, to the End of the Fourth Century by J.A.
+WICKHAM, Esq. With a PREFACE, by the Rev. H.D. WICKHAM, M.A., late of
+Exeter College, Oxford.
+
+"Without saying that such an elaborate Collection is necessary, we may
+remark on its great utility, and express our hope that Mr. Wickham's
+labours will be appreciated by the public. It is curious that he should
+have begun, sixteen years ago, a compilation whose publication is so
+very appropriate to the present moment."--_Guardian_.
+
+"As an editor Mr. Wickham has shown much good taste, patience, and
+discernment. Further, he has written a very sensible introductory
+chapter on the use and authority of the Fathers".--_Church and State
+Gazette_.
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+On the 1st of October, No. I., price 2s. 6d.
+
+DETAILS Of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE,
+
+measured and drawn from existing Examples, by J.K. COLLING, Architect.
+The work is intended to illustrate those features which have not been
+given in Messrs. Brandon's "Analysis:" it will be uniform with that
+work, and also the "Gothic Ornaments". Each Number will contain five
+4to. Plates, and be continued monthly.
+
+D. BOGUE, Fleet Street: sold also by G. BELL, Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Preparing for Publication, in 2 vols. small 8vo.
+
+THE FOLK-LORE Of ENGLAND. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., Secretary of the
+Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances", "Lays and Legends of
+all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to furnish new
+contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore, and especially
+some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found in
+the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries.
+
+Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and
+Popular Observances, Rhyming Charms, &c. are earnestly solicited, and
+will be thankfully acknowledged by the Editor. They may be addressed to
+the care of Mr. BELL, Office of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Edited by W.F. HOOK, D.D.--Now ready, Third and Cheaper Edition, price
+3s. cloth, 6s. 6d. morocco,
+
+VERSES FOR HOLY SEASONS. BY C.F.H., Author of "The Baron's Little
+Daughters," "Moral Songs and Hymns for Little Children."
+
+"An unpretending and highly useful book, suggestive of right thoughts at
+the right season."--_English Journal of Education_.
+
+R. SLOCOMBE, Leeds; GEORGE BELL, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Just published, 3s. each plain; 4s. tinted. Parts 15. and 16. of
+
+RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, from Drawings by JOHN JOHNSON
+Architect, F.S.A. Lithographed by Alfred Newman.
+
+Contents:--
+
+Hedon Church, Yorkshire; Desborough, Northamptonshire; Molton,
+Lincolnshire; Bingham, Notts; Billingborough, Lincolnshire; St. John
+Devizes, Wiltshire; Aumsby, Lincolnshire; Terrington St. Clements,
+Norfolk.
+
+To be completed in Twenty Parts.
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK STRAW, Of NO. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5.
+New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL,, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of
+St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186.
+Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 28. 1850.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 48,
+Saturday, September 28, 1850, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
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