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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/13462-0.txt b/13462-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fbe471 --- /dev/null +++ b/13462-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1983 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13462 *** + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 46.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition +4d. + + * * * * * {241} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:--Page +The Meaning of "Risell" in Hamlet, by S.W. Singer. 241 +Authors of the Rolliad. 242 +Notes and Queries. 242 +The Body of James II., by Pitman Jones. 243 +Folk Lore:--Legend of Sir Richard Baker--Prophetic + Spring at Langley, Kent. 244 +Minor Notes:--Poem by Malherbe--Travels of Two + English Pilgrims. 245 + +QUERIES:-- +Quotations in Bishop Andrewes, by Rev. James Bliss. 245 +Minor Queries:--Spider and Fly--Lexicon of Types--Montaigue's + Select Essays--Custom of wearing the Breast uncovered--Milton's + Lycidas--Sitting during the Lessons--Blew-Beer--Carpatio--Value of + Money--Bishop Berkeley, and Adventures of Gaudeatio + di Lucca--Cupid and Psyche--Zund-nadel Guns--Bacon + Family--Armorials--Artephius--Sir Robert Howard--Crozier + and Pastoral Staff--Marks of Cadency--Miniature Gibbet. 245 + +REPLIES:-- +Collar of S.S. by Rev. H.T. Ellacombe and J. Gough + Nichols. 248 +Sir Gregory Norton. 250 +Shakspeare's Word "Delighted," by Rev. Dr. Kennedy. 250 +Aerostation, by Henry Wilkinson. 251 +Replies to Minor Queries:--Long Lonkin--Rowley + Powley--Guy's Armour--Alarm--Prelates of + France--Haberdasher--"Rapido contrarius orbi"--Robertson + of Muirtown--"Noli me tangere"--Clergy sold + for Slaves--North Side of Churchyards--Sir John + Perrot--Coins of Constantius II.--She ne'er with + treacherous Kiss--California--Bishops and their + Precedence--Elizabeth and Isabel--Bever's Legal + Polity--Rikon Basilike, &c. 251 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- +Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 255 +Notices to Correspondents. 255 +Advertisements. 256 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +THE MEANING OF "DRINK UP EISELL" IN HAMLET. + +Few passages have been more discussed than this wild challenge of Hamlet +to Laertes at the grave of Ophelia: + + "Ham. I lov'd Ophelia! forty thousand brothers + Could not, with all their quantity of love, + Make up my sum. What wilt thou do for her? + + --Zounds! show me what thou'lt do? + Woo't weep? Woo't fight? Woo't fast? Woo't tear + thyself? + + _Woo't drink up Eisell?_ eat a crocodile? + + I'll do't". + +The sum of what has been said may be given in the words of Archdeacon +Nares: + + "There is no doubt that eisell meant vinegar, nor even that + Shakspeare has used it in that sense; but in this passage it + seems that it must be put for the name of a Danish river.... The + question was much disputed between Messrs. Steevens and Malone: + the former being for the river, the latter for the vinegar; and + he endeavored even to get over the drink up, which stood much in + his way. But after all, the challenge to drink vinegar, in such + a rant, is so inconsistent, and even ridiculous, that we must + decide for the river, whether its name be exactly found or not. + To drink up a river, and eat a crocodile with his impenetrable + scales, are two things equally impossible. There is no kind of + comparison between the others." + +I must confess that I was formerly led to adopt this view of the +passage, but on more mature investigation I find that it is wrong. I see +no necessary connection between eating a crocodile and drinking up +eysell; and to drink up was commonly used for simply to drink. Eisell or +Eysell certainly signified vinegar, but it was certainly not used in +that sense by Shakspeare, who may in this instance be his own expositor; +the word occurring again in his CXIth sonnet. + + "Whilst, like a willing patient, I will drink + Potions of eysell, 'gainst my strong infection; + No bitterness that I will bitter think, + Nor double penance, to correct correction." + +Here we see that it was a bitter potion which it was a penance to drink. +Thus also in the Troy Book of Lydgate: + + "Of bitter eysell, and of eager wine." + +Now numerous passages in our old dramatic writers show that it was a +fashion with the gallants of the time to do some extravagant feat, as a +proof of their love, in honour of their mistresses; and among others the +swallowing some nauseous potion was one of the most frequent; but +vinegar would hardly have been considered in this light; wormwood might. + +In Thomas's Italian Dictionary, 1562, we have "Assentio, Eysell" and +Florio renders that word by vinegar. What is meant, however, is +Absinthites or Wormwood wine, a nauseously bitter medicament then much +in use; and this being evidently {242} the _bitter potion of Eysell_ in +the poet's sonnet, was certainly the nauseous draught proposed to be +taken by Hamlet among the other extravagant feats as tokens of love. The +following extracts will show that in the poet's age this nauseous bitter +potion was in frequent use medicinally. + + "ABSINTHIUM, [Greek: apsinthion, aspinthion], Comicis, ab + insigni amarore quo bibeates illud aversantur."-_Junius, + Nomenclator ap. Nicot_. + + "ABSINTHITES, _wormwood wine_.--_Hutton's Dict_. + + "Hujus modi autem propomatum _hodie_ apud Christianos quoque + _maximus est et frequentissimus usus_, quibus potatores maximi + ceu proemiis quibusdam atque prÊludiis utuntur, ad dirum illud + suum propinandi certamen. _Ae maxime quidem commune est proponia + absynthites_, quod vim habet stomachum corroborandi et + extenuandi, expellendique excrementa quÊ in eo continentur. Hoc + fere propomate potatores hodie maxime ab initio coenÊ utuntur + ceu pharmaco cum hesternÊ, atque prÊteritÊ, tum futurÊ + ebrietatis, atque crapulÊ.... _amarissimÊ sunt potiones + medicatÊ_, quibus tandem stomachi cruditates immoderato cibo + potuque collectas expurgundi cause uti coguntur."--Stuckius, + _AntiquitatÊ Corviralium. Tiguri_, 1582, fol. 327. + +Of the two latest editors, Mr. Knight decides for the _river_, and Mr. +Collier does not decide at all. Our northern neighbours think us almost +as much deficient in philological illustration as in enlarged +philosophical criticism on the poet, in which they claim to have shown +us the way. + +S.W. SINGER. + +Mickleham, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +AUTHORS OF THE ROLLIAD. + +To the list of subjects and authors in this unrivalled volume, +communicated by LORD BRAYBROOKE (Vol. ii., p. 194.), I would add that +No. XXI. _Probationary Odes_ (which is unmarked in the Sunning-hill Park +copy) was written by Dr. Laurence: so also were Nos. XIII. and XIV., of +which LORD BRAYBROOKE speaks doubtfully. My authority is the note in the +correspondence of Burke and Laurence published in 1827, page 21. The +other names all agree with my own copy, marked by the late Mr. A. +Chalmers. + +In order to render the account of the work complete, I would add the +following list of writers of the _Political Miscellanies_. Those marked +with an asterisk are said "not to be from the club:"-- + + "* Probationary Ode Extraordinary, by Mason. + + The Statesmen, an Eclogue. Read. + + Rondeau to the Right Honourable W. Eden. Dr. Laurence. + + Epigrams from the Club. Miscellaneous. + + The Delavaliad. Dr. Laurence. + + This is the House that George built. Richardson. + + Epigrams by Sir Cecil Wray. Tickell and Richardson. + + Lord Graham's Diary, not marked. + + * Extracts from 2nd Vol. of Lord Mulgrave's Essays. + + * Anecdotes of Mr. Pitt. + + Letter from a New Member. + + * Political Receipt Book, &c. + + * Hints from Dr. Pretyman. + + A tale 'at Brookes's once,' &c. Richardson. + + Dialogue 'Donec Gratus eram Tibi.' Lord J. Townshend. + + Pretymaniana, principally by Tickell and Richardson. + + Foreign Epigrams, the same and Dr. Laurence. + + * Advertisement Extraordinary. + + Vive le Scrutiny. Bate Dudley. + + * Paragraph Office, Ivy Lane. + + * Pitt and Pinetti. + + * New Abstract of the Budget for 1784. + + Theatrical Intelligence Extraordinary. Richardson. + + The Westminster Guide (unknown). Part II. (unknown). + + Inscription for the Duke of Richmond's Bust (unknown). + + Epigram, 'Who shall expect,' &c. Richardson. + + A New Ballad, 'Billy Eden.' Tickell and Richardson. + + Epigrams on Sir Elijah Impey, and by Mr. Wilberforce (unknown). + + A Proclamation, by Richardson. + + * Original Letter to Corbett. + + * Congratulatory Ode to Right Hon. C. Jenkinson. + + * Ode to Sir Elijah Impey. + + * Song. + + * A New Song, 'Billy's Budget.' + + * Epigrams. + + * Ministerial Undoubted Facts (unknown). + + Journal of the Right Hon. Hen. Dundas. From the Club. + Miscellaneous. + + Incantation. Fitzpatrick. + + Translations of Lord Belgrave's Quotations. From the Club. + Miscellaneous." + +Some of these minor contributions were from the pen of O'Beirne, +afterwards Bishop of Meath. + +Tickell should be joined with Lord John Townshend in "Jekyll." The +former contributed the lines parodied from Pope. + +In reply to LORD BRAYBROOKE'S Query, Moore, in his _Life of Sheridan_, +speaks of Lord John Townshend as the only survivor of "this confederacy +of wits:" so that, if he is correct, the author of "Margaret Nicholson" +(Adair) cannot be now living. + +J.H.M. + +Bath. + + * * * * * + +NOTES AND QUERIES. + +"There is nothing new under the sun," quoth the Preacher; and such must +be said of "NOTES AND QUERIES." Your contributor M. (Vol. ii, p. 194.) +has drawn attention to the _Weekly Oracle_, which in 1736 gave forth its +responses to the inquiring public; but, as he intimates, many similar +periodicals might be instanced. Thus, we have _Memoirs for the +Ingenious_, 1693, 4to., edited by I. de la Crose; _Memoirs for the +Curious_, 1701, 4to.; _The Athenian Oracle_, 1704, 8vo.; _The Delphick +Oracle_, {243} 1720, 8vo.; _The British Apollo_, 1740, 12mo.; with +several others of less note. The three last quoted answer many singular +questions in theology, law, medicine, physics, natural history, popular +superstitions, &c., not always very satisfactorily or very +intelligently, but still, often amusingly and ingeniously. _The British +Apollo: containing two thousand Answers to curious Questions in most +Arts and Sciences, serious, comical, and humourous_, the fourth edition +of which I have now before me, indulges in answering such questions as +these: "How old was Adam when Eve was created?--Is it lawful to eat +black pudding?--Whether the moon in Ireland is like the moon in England? +Where is hell situated? Do cocks lay eggs?" &c. In answer to the +question, "Why is gaping catching?" the Querists of 1740 are gravely +told,-- + + "Gaping or yawning is infectious, because the steams of the + blood being ejected out of the mouth, doth infect the ambient + air, which being received by the nostrils into another man's + mouth, doth irritate the fibres of the hypogastric muscle to + open the mouth to discharge by expiration the unfortunate gust + of air infected with the steams of blood, as aforesaid." + +The feminine gender, we are further told, is attributed to a ship, +"because a ship carries burdens, and therefore resembles a pregnant +woman." + +But as the faith of 1850 in _The British Apollo_, with its two thousand +answers, may not be equal to the faith of 1740, what dependence are we +to place in the origin it attributes to two very common words, a _bull_, +and a _dun_?-- + + "Why, when people speak improperly, is it termed a bull?--It + became a proverb from the repeated blunders of one _Obadiah + Bull_, a lawyer of London, who lived in the reign of King Henry + VII." + +Now for the second,-- + + "Pray tell me whence you can derive the original of the word + _dun_? Some falsely think it comes from the French, where + _donnez_ signifies _give me_, implying a demand of something + due; but the true original of this expression owes its birth to + one _Joe Dun_, a famous bailiff of the town of Lincoln, so + extremely active, and so dexterous at the management of his + rough business, that it became a proverb, when a man refused to + pay his debts, 'Why don't you _Dun_ him?' that is, why don't you + send Dun to arrest him? Hence it grew a custom, and is now as + old as since the days of Henry VII." + +Were these twin worthies, Obadiah Bull the lawyer, and Joe Dun the +bailiff, men of straw for the nonce, or veritable flesh and blood? They +both flourished, it appears, in the reign of Henry VII.; and to me it is +doubtful whether one reign could have produced two worthies capable of +cutting so deep a notch in the English tongue. + +"To dine with Duke Humphrey," we are told, arose from the practice of +those who had shared his dainties when alive being in the habit of +perambulating St. Paul's, where he was buried, at the dining time of +day; what dinner they then had, they had with Duke Humphrey the defunct. + +Your contributor MR. CUNNINGHAM will be able to decide as to the value +of the origin of Tyburn here given to us: + + "As to the antiquity of Tyburn, it is no older than the year + 1529; before that time, the place of execution was in _Rotten + Row_ in _Old Street_. As for the etymology of the word _Tyburn_, + some will have it proceed from the words _tye_ and _burn_, + alluding to the manner of executing traitors at that place; + others believe it took its name from a small river or brook once + running near it, and called by the Romans Tyburnia. Whether the + first or second is the truest, the querist may judge as he + thinks fit." + +And so say I. + +A readable volume might be compiled from these "NOTES AND QUERIES," +which amused our grandfathers; and the works I have indicated will +afford much curious matter in etymology, folk-lore, topography, &c., to +the modern antiquary. + +CORKSCREW. + + * * * * * + +JAMES THE SECOND, HIS REMAINS. + +The following curious account was given to me by Mr. Fitz-Simons, an +Irish gentleman, upwards of eighty years of age, with whom I became +acquainted when resident with my family at Toulouse, in September, 1840; +he having resided in that city for many years as a teacher of the French +and English languages, and had attended the late Sir William Follett in +the former capacity there in 1817. He said,-- + + "I was a prisoner in Paris, in the convent of the English + Benedictines in the Rue St. Jaques, during part of the + revolution. In the year 1793 or 1794, the body of King James II. + of England was in one of the chapels there, where it had been + deposited some time, under the expectation that it would one day + be sent to England for interment in Westminster Abbey. It had + never been buried. The body was in a wooden coffin, inclosed in + a leaden one; and that again inclosed in a second wooden one, + covered with black velvet. That while I was so a prisoner, the + sans-culottes broke open the coffins to get at the lead to cast + into bullets. The body lay exposed nearly a whole day. It was + swaddled like a mummy, bound tight with garters. The + sans-culottes took out the body, which had been embalmed. There + was a strong smell of vinegar and camphor. The corpse was + beautiful and perfect. The hands and nails were very fine, I + moved and bent every finger. I never saw so fine a set of teeth + in my life. A young lady, a fellow prisoner, wished much to have + a tooth; I tried to get one out for her, but could not, they + were so firmly fixed. The feet also were very beautiful. The + face and cheeks were just as if he were alive. I rolled his + eyes: the eye-balls were perfectly firm under my finger. The + French and English prisoners {244} gave money to the + sans-culottes for showing the body. They said he was a good + sans-culotte, and they were going to put him into a hole in the + public churchyard like other sans-culottes; and he was carried + away, but where the body was thrown I never heard. King George + IV. tried all in his power to get tidings of the body, but could + not. Around the chapel were several wax moulds of the face hung + up, made probably at the time of the king's death, and the + corpse was very like them. The body had been originally kept at + the palace of St. Germain, from whence it was brought to the + convent of the Benedictines. Mr. Porter, the prior, was a + prisoner at the time in his own convent." + +The above I took down from Mr. Fitz-Simons' own mouth, and read it to +him, and he said it was perfectly correct. Sir W. Follett told me he +thought Mr. Fitz-Simons was a runaway Vinegar Hill boy. He told me that +he was a monk. + +PITMAN JONES. + +Exeter, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_The Legend of Sir Richard Baker_ (vol. ii., p. 67.).--Will F.L. copy +the inscription on the monument in Cranbrook Church? The dates on it +will test the veracity of the legend. In the reign of Queen Mary, the +representative of the family was Sir John Baker, who in that, and the +previous reigns of Edward VI. and Henry VIII., had held some of the +highest offices in the kingdom. He had been Recorder of London, Speaker +of the House of Commons, Attorney-General and Chancellor of the +Exchequer, and died in the first year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. +His son, Sir Richard Baker, was twice high-sheriff of the county of +Kent, and had the honour of entertaining Queen Elizabeth in her progress +through the county. This was, most likely, the person whose monument +F.L. saw in Cranbrook Church. The family had been settled there from the +time of Edward III., and seem to have been adding continually to their +possessions; and at the time mentioned by F.L. as that of their decline, +namely, in the reign of Edward VI., they were in reality increasing in +wealth and dignities. If the Sir Richard Baker whose monument is +referred to by F.L. was the son of the Sir John above mentioned, the +circumstances of his life disprove the legend. He was not the sole +representative of the family remaining at the accession of Queen Mary. +His father was then living, and at the death of his father his brother +John divided with him the representation of the family, and had many +descendants. The family estates were not dissipated; on the contrary, +they were handed down through successive generations, to one of whom, a +grandson of Sir Richard, the dignity of a baronet was given; and +Sivinghurst, which was the family seat, was in the possession of the +third and last baronet's grandson, E.S. Beagham, in the year 1730. Add +to this that the Sir Richard Baker in question was twice married, and +that a monumental erection of the costly and honourable description +mentioned by F.L. was allowed to be placed to his memory in the chancel +of the church of the parish in which such Bluebeard atrocities are said +to have been committed, and abundant grounds will thence appear for +rejecting the truth of the legend in the absence of all evidence. The +unfortunately red colour of the gloves most likely gave rise to the +story. Nor is this a solitary instance of such a legend having such an +origin. In the beautiful parish church of Aston, in Warwickshire, are +many memorials of the Baronet family of Holt, who owned the adjoining +domain and hall, the latter of which still remains, a magnificent +specimen of Elizabethan architecture. Either in one of the compartments +of a painted window of the church, or upon a monumental marble to one of +the Holts, is the Ulster badge, as showing the rank of the deceased, and +painted red. From the colour of the badge, a legend of the bloody hand +has been created as marvellous as that of the Bloody Baker, so fully +detailed by F.L. + +ST. JOHNS. + + +[Will our correspondent favour us by communicating the Aston Legend of +the Holt Family to which he refers?] + +_Langley, Kent, Prophetic Spring at._--The following "note" upon a +passage in _Warkworth's Chronicle_ (pp. 23, 24.) may perhaps possess +sufficient interest to warrant its insertion in your valuable little +publication. The passage is curious, not only as showing the +superstitious dread with which a simple natural phenomenon was regarded +by educated and intelligent men four centuries ago, but also as +affording evidence of the accurate observation of a writer, whose +labours have shed considerable light upon "one of the darkest periods in +our annals." The chronicler is recording the occurrence, in the +thirteenth year of Edward the Fourth, of a "gret hote somere," which +caused much mortality, and "unyversalle fevers, axes, and the blody flyx +in dyverse places of Englonde," and also occasioned great dearth and +famine "in the southe partyes of the worlde." + +He then remarks that "dyverse tokenes have be schewede in Englonde this +year for amendynge of mannys lyvynge," and proceeds to enumerate several +springs or waters in various places, which only ran at intervals, and by +their running always portended "derthe, pestylence, or grete batayle." +After mentioning several of these, he adds-- + + "Also ther is a pytte in Kent in Langley Parke: ayens any + batayle he wille be drye, and it rayne neveyre so myche; and if + ther be no batayle toward, he wille be fulle of watere, be it + neveyre so drye a wethyre; and this yere he is drye." + +Langley Park, situated in a parish of the same {245} name, about four +miles to the south-east of Maidstone, and once the residence of the +Leybournes and other families, well-known in Kentish history, has long +existed only in name, having been disparked prior to 1570; but the +"pytte," or stream, whose wondrous qualities are so quaintly described +by Warkworth, still flows at intervals. It is scarcely necessary to add, +that it belongs to the class known as _intermitting springs_, the +phenomena displayed by which are easily explained by the syphon-like +construction of the natural reservoirs whence they are supplied. + +I have never heard that any remnant of this curious superstition can now +be traced in the neighbourhood, but persons long acquainted with the +spot have told me that the state of the stream was formerly looked upon +as a good index of the probable future price of corn. The same causes, +which regulated the supply or deficiency of water, would doubtless also +affect the fertility of the soil. + +EDWARD R.J. HOWE. + +Chancery Lane, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Poem by Malherbe_ (Vol. ii., p. 104.).--Possibly your correspondent MR. +SINGER may not be aware of the fact that the beauty of the fourth stanza +of Malherbe's Ode on the Death of Rosette Duperrier is owing to a +typographical error. The poet had written in his MS.-- + + "Et Rosette a vÈcu ce que vivent les roses," &c., + +omitting to cross his _t_'s, which the compositor took for _l_'s, and +set up _Roselle_. On receiving the proof-sheet, at the passage in +question a sudden light burst upon Malherbe; of _Roselle_ he made two +words, and put in two beautiful lines-- + + "Et Rose, elle a vÈcu ce que vivent les roses, + L'espace d'un matin." + +(See _FranÁais peints par eux-mÈmes_, vol. ii. p. 270.) + +P.S. KING. + +Kennington. + + +_Travels of Two English Pilgrims._-- + + "A True and Strange Discourse of the Travailes of Two English + Pilgrimes: what admirable Accidents befell them in their Journey + to Jerusalem, Gaza, Grand Cayro, Alexandria, and other places. + Also, what rare Antiquities, Monuments, and notable Memories + (concording with the Ancient Remembrances in the Holy + Scriptures), they sawe in the Terra Sancta; with a perfect + Description of the Old and New Jerusalem, and Situation of the + Countries about them. A Discourse of no lesse Admiration, then + well worth the regarding: written by one of them on the behalfe + of himselfe and his fellowe Pilgrime. Imprinted at London for + Thomas Archer, and are to be solde at his Shoppe, by the Royall + Exchange. 1603." + +A copy of this 4to. tract, formerly in the hands of Francis Meres, the +author of _Wit's Commonwealth_, has the following MS. note:-- + + "Timberley, dwellinge on Tower Hill, a maister of a ship, made + this booke, as Mr. Anthony Mundye tould me. Thomas, at Mrs. + Gosson's, sent my wyfe this booke for a token, February 15. A.D. + 1602." + +P.B. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +QUOTATIONS IN BISHOP ANDREWES' TORTURA TORTI. + +Can any of your contributors help me to ascertain the following +quotations which occur in Bishop Andrewes' _Tortura Torti_? + +P. 49.: + + "Si clavem potestatis non prÊcedat clavis discretionis." + +P. 58.: + + "Dispensationes nihil aliud esse quam legum vulnera." + +P. 58.: + + "Non dispensatio est, sed dissipatio." + +This, though not marked as a quotation, is, I believe, +in _S. Bernard_. + +P. 183.: + + "Et quÊ de septem totum circumspicit orbem Montibus, imperii + Roma De˚mque locus." + +P. 225.: + + "Nemo pius, qui pietatem cavet." + +P. 185.: + + "Minutuli et patellares Dei." + +I should also be glad to ascertain whence the following passages are +derived, which he quotes in his _Responsio ad Apologiam_? + +P. 48.: + + "[Greek: to gar trephon me tout ego kalo theon.]" + +P. 145.: + + "VanÊ sine viribus irÊ." + +P. 119. occurs the "versiculus," + + "Perdere quos vult hos dementat;" + +the source of which some of your contributors have endeavoured to +ascertain. + +JAMES BLISS. + +Ogbourne St. Andrew. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_The Spider and the Fly._--Can any of your readers, gentle or simple, +senile or juvenile, inform me, through the medium of your useful and +agreeable periodical, in what collection of nursery rhymes a poem +called, I think, "The Spider and Fly," occurs, and if procurable, where? +The lines I allude to consisted, to the best of my recollection, of a +dialogue between a fly and a spider, and began thus:-- {246} + + _Fly_. Spider, spider, what do you spin? + _Spider_. Mainsails for a man-of war. + _Fly_. Spider, spider, 'tis too thin. + Tell me truly, what 'tis for. + _Spider_. 'Tis for curtains for the king, + When he lies in his state bed. + _Fly_. Spider, 'tis too mean a thing, + Tell me why your toils you spread. + &c. &c. &c. + +There were other stanzas, I believe, but these are all I can remember. +My notion is, that the verses in question form part of a collection of +nursery songs and rhymes by Charles Lamb, published many years ago, but +now quite out of print. This, however, is a mere surmise on my part, and +has no better foundation than the vein of humour, sprightliness, and +originality, obvious enough in the above extract, which we find running +through and adorning all he wrote. "Nihil quod tetigit non ornavit." + +S.J. + + +_A Lexicon of Types._--Can any of your readers inform me of the +existence of a collection of emblems or types? I do not mean allegorical +pictures, but isolated symbols, alphabetically arranged or otherwise. + +Types are constantly to be met with upon monuments, coins, and ancient +title-pages, but so mixed with other matters as to render the finding a +desired symbol, unless very familiar, a work of great difficulty. Could +there be a systematic arrangement of all those known, with their +definitions, it would be a very valuable work of reference,--a work in +which one might pounce upon all the sacred symbols, classic types, +signs, heraldic zoology, conventional botany, monograms, and the like +abstract art. + +LUKE LIMNER. + + +_Montaigne, Select Essays of._-- + + "Essays selected from Montaigne, with a Sketch of the Life of + the Author. London. For P. Cadell, &c. 1800." + +This volume is dedicated to the Rev. William Coxe, rector of Bemerton. + +The life of Montaigne is dated the 28th of March, 1800, and signed +_Honoria_. At the end of the book is this advertisement:-- + + "Lately published by the same Author 'The Female Mentor.' 2d + edit., in 2 vols. 12mo." + +Who was _Honoria_? and are these _essays_ a scarce book in England? In +France it is entirely unknown to the numerous commentators on +Montaigne's works. + +O.D. + +_Custom of wearing the Breast uncovered in Elizabeth's Reign._--Fynes +Moryson, in a well-known passage of his _Itinerary_, (which I suppose I +need not transcribe), tells us that unmarried females and young married +women wore the breasts uncovered in Queen Elizabeth's reign. This is the +custom in many parts of the East. Lamartine mentions it in his pretty +description of Mademoiselle Malagambe: he adds, "it is the custom of the +Arab females." When did this curious custom commence in England, and +when did it go out of fashion? + +JARLTZBERG. + +_Milton's Lycidas._--In a Dublin edition of Milton's _Paradise Lost_ +(1765), in a memoir prefixed I find the following explanation of than +rather obscure passage in _Lycidas_:-- + + "Besides what the grim wolf, with privy paw, + Daily devours apace, and nothing said; + But that two-handed engine at the door + Stands ready to smite once, and smite no more." + + "This poem is not all made up of sorrow and tenderness, there is + a mixture of satire and indignation: for in part of it, the poet + taketh occasion to inveigh against the corruptions of the + clergy, and seemeth to have first discovered his acrimony + against Arb. Laud, and to have threatened him with the loss of + his head, which afterwards happened to him thorough the fury of + his enemies. At least I can think of no sense so proper to be + given to these verses in Lycidas." (p. vii.) + +Perhaps some of your numerous correspondents will kindly inform me of +the meaning or meanings usually assigned to this passage. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Sitting during the Lessons._--What is the origin of the congregation +remaining seated, while the first and second lessons are read, in the +church service? The rubric is silent on the subject; it merely directs +that the person who reads them shall stand:-- + + "He that readeth so standing and turning himself, as he may best + be heard of all such as are present." + +With respect to the practice of sitting while the epistle is read, and +of standing while the gospel is read, in the communion service; there is +in the rubric a distinct direction that "all the people are to stand up" +during the latter, while it is silent as to the former. From the silence +of the rubric as to standing during the two lessons of the morning +service, and the epistle in the communion service, it seems to have been +inferred that the people were to sit. But why are they directed to stand +during the gospel in the communion service, while they sit during the +second lesson in the morning service? + +L. + + +_Blew-Beer._--Sir, having taken a Note according to your very sound +advice, I addressed a letter to the _John Bull_ newspaper, which was +published on Saturday, Feb. 16. It contained an extract from a political +tract, entitled,-- + + "The true History of Betty Ireland, with some Account of her + Sister Blanche of Brittain. Printed for J. Robinson, at the + Golden Lion in Ludgate Street, MDCCLIII. (1753)." {247} + +In allusion to the English the following passage occurs,-- + + "But they forget, they are all so idle and debauched, such + gobbling and drinking rascals, and expensive in _blew-beer_," + &c. + +Query the unde derivatur of _blew-beer_, and if it is to be taken in the +same sense as the modern phrase of "blue ruin," and if so, the cause of +the change or history of both expressions? + +H. + + +_Carpatio._--I have lately met with a large aquatinted engraving, +bearing the following descriptive title: "AngliÊ Regis Legati +inspiciuntur Sponsam petentes Filiam Dionati CornubiÊ Regis pro Anglo +Principe." The costume of the figures is of the latter half of the +fifteenth century. The painter's name appears on a scroll, OP. VICTOR +CARPATIO VENETI. The copy of the picture for engraving was drawn by +Giovanni de Pian, and engraved by the same person and Francesco +Gallimberti, at Venice. I do not find the name of Carpatio in the +ordinary dictionaries of painters, and shall be glad to learn whether he +has here represented an historical event, or an incident of some +mediÊval romance. I suspect the latter must be the case, as _Cornubia_ +is the Latin word used for Cornwall, and I am not aware of its having +any other application. Is this print the only one of the kind, or is it +one of a set? + +J.G.N. + + +_Value of Money in Reign of Charles II._--Will any of your +correspondents inform me of the value of 1000l. circa Charles II. in +present money, and the mode in which the difference is estimated? + +DION X. + + +_Bishop Berkeley--Adventures of Gaudentio di Lucca._--I have a volume +containing the adventures of Signor Gaudentio di Lucca, with his +examination before the Inquisition of Bologna. In a bookseller's +catalogue I have seen it ascribed to Bishop Berkeley. Can any of your +readers inform me who was the author, or give me any particulars as to +the book? + +IOTA. + + +_Cupid and Psyche._--Can any of your learned correspondents inform me +whether the fable of Cupid and Psyche was invented by Apuleius; or +whether he made use of a superstition then current, turning it, as it +suited his purpose, into the beautiful fable which has been handed down +to us as his composition? + +W.M. + + +_Z¸nd-nadel Guns._--In paper of September or October last, I saw a +letter dated Berlin, Sept. 11, which commenced-- + + "We have had this morning a splendid military spectacle, and + being the first of the kind since the revolution, attracted + immense crowds to the scene of action." + + "The Fusileer battalions (light infantry) were all armed with + the new z¸nd-nadel guns, the advantages and superiority of which + over the common percussion musket now admits of no + contradiction, with the sole exception of the facility of + loading being an inducement to fire somewhat too quick, when + firing independently, as in battle, or when acting en + tirailleur. The invincible pedantry and amour-propre of our + armourers and inspectors of arms in England, their + disinclination to adopt inventions not of English growth, and + their slowness to avail themselves of new models until they are + no longer new, will, undoubtedly, exercise the usual influence + over giving this powerful weapon even a chance in England. It is + scarcely necessary to point out the great advantages that these + weapons, carrying, let us say, 800 yards with perfect accuracy, + have over our muskets, of which the range does not exceed 150, + and that very uncertain. Another great advantage of the + z¸nd-nadel is, that rifles or light infantry can load with ease + without effort when lying flat on the ground. The opponents of + the z¸nd-nadel talk of over-rapid firing and the impossibility + of carrying sufficient ammunition to supply the demands. This is + certainly a drawback, but it is compensated by the immense + advantage of being able to pour in a deadly fire when you + yourself are out of range, or of continuing this fire so + speedily as to destroy half your opponents before they can + return a shot with a chance of taking effect." + +This was the first intimation I ever had of the z¸nd-nadel guns. I +should like to know when and by whom they were invented, and their +mechanism. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Bacon Family, Origin of the Name._--Among the able notes, or the +_not_-able Queries of a recent Number, (I regret that I have it not at +hand, for an exact quotation), a learned correspondent mentioned, _en +passant_, that the word _bacon_ had the obsolete signification of +"_dried wood_." As a patronymic, BACON has been not a little +illustrious, in literature, science, and art; and it would be +interesting to know whether the name has its origin in the crackling +fagot or in the cured flitch. Can any of your genealogical +correspondents help me to authority on the subject? + +A modern motto of the Somersetshire Bacons has an ingenious rebus: + + ProBa-conSCIENTIA; + +the capitals, thus placed, giving it the double reading, Proba +coniscientia, and Pro Bacon Scientia. + +NOCAB. + + +_Armorials._--Sable, a fesse or, in chief two fleurs de lis or, in base +a hind courant argent. E.D.B. will feel grateful to any gentlemen who +will kindly inform him of the name of the family to which the above coat +belonged. They were quartered by Richard or Roger Barow, of Wynthorpe, +in Lincolnshire (_Harl. MS._ 1552. 42 _b_), who died in 1505. + +E.D.B. + + +_Artephius, the Chemical Philosopher._--What is known of the chemical +philosopher Artephius? He is mentioned in Jocker's _Dictionary_, and by +Roger Bacon (in the _Opus Majus_ and elsewhere), {248} and a tract +ascribed to him is printed in the _Theatrum Chemicum_. + +E. + + +_Sir Robert Howard._--Can any reader assist me in finding out the author +of + + "A Discourse of the Nationall Excellencies of England. By R.H., + London. Printed by Thomas Newcomb for Henry Fletcher, at the + Three Gilt Cups in the New Buildings, near the west end of St. + Paul's, 1658. 12 mo., pp. 248." + +This is a very remarkable work, written in an admirable style, and +wholly free from the coarse party spirit which then generally prevailed. +The writer declares, p. 235., he had not subscribed the engagement, and +there are internal evidences of his being a churchman and a monarchist. +Is there any proof of its having been written by Sir Robert Howard? A +former possessor of the copy now before me, has written his name on the +title-page as its conjectured author. My copy of Sir Robert's _Poems_, +published two years after, was published not by _Fletcher_, but by +"Henry Herringman, at the sign of the Anchor, in the lower walk of the +New Exchange." John Dryden, Sir Robert's brother-in-law, in the +complimentary stanzas on Howard's poems, says, + + "To write worthy things of worthy men, + Is the peculiar talent of your pen." + +I would further inquire if a reason can be assigned for the omission +from Sir Robert Howard's collected plays of _The Blind Lady_, the only +dramatic piece given in the volume of poems of 1660. My copy is the +third edition, published by Tonson, 1722. + +A.B.R. + + +_Crozier and Pastoral Staff._--What is the real difference between a +crozier and a pastoral staff? + +I.Z.P. + + +_Marks of Cadency._--The copious manner in which your correspondent E.K. +(Vol. ii., p. 221.) has answered the question as to the "when and why" +of the unicorn being introduced as one of the supporters of the royal +arms, induces me to think that he will readily and satisfactorily +respond to an heraldic inquiry of a somewhat more intricate nature. + +What were the peculiar marks of cadency used by the heirs to the crown, +apparent and presumptive, after the accession of the Stuarts? For +example, what were the changes, if any, upon the label or file of +difference used in the coat-armour of Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest son +of James I., and of his brother Charles, when Prince of Wales, and so +on, to the present time? + + +_Miniature Gibbet, &c._--A correspondent of the _Times_ newspaper has +recently given the following account of an occurrence which took place +about twenty-five years ago, and the concluding ceremony of which he +personally witnessed:-- + + "A man had been condemned to be hung for murder. On the Sunday + morning previous to the sentence being carried into execution, + he contrived to commit suicide in the prison by cutting his + throat with a razor. On Monday morning, according to the then + custom, his body was brought out from Newgate in a cart; and + after Jack Ketch had exhibited to the people a small model + gallows, with a razor hanging therefrom, in the presence of the + sheriffs and city authorities, he was thrown into a hole dug for + that purpose. A stake was driven through his body, and a + quantity of lime thrown in over it." + +Will any correspondent of "NOTES AND QUERIES" give a solution of this +extraordinary exhibition? Had the sheriffs and city authorities any +legal sanction for Jack Ketch's disgusting part in the performances? +What are the meaning and origin of driving a stake through the body of a +suicide? + +A.G. + +Ecclesfield + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES + +COLLAR OF SS. + +If you desire proof of the great utility of your publication, methinks +there is a goodly quantum of it in the very interesting and valuable +information on the Collar of SS., which the short simple question of B. +(Vol. ii., p. 89.) has drawn forth; all tending to illustrate a mooted +historical question:--first, in the reply of [Greek: Phi.] (Vol. ii., p. +110.), giving reference to the _Gentleman's Magazine_, with two +_rider_-Queries; then MR. NICHOLS'S announcement (Vol. ii., p. 140.) of +a forthcoming volume on the subject, and a reply in part to the Query of +[Greek: Phi.]; then (Vol. ii, p. 171.) MR. E. FOSS, as to the _rank_ of +the legal worthies allowed to wear this badge of honour; and next (Vol. +ii., p. 194.) an ARMIGER, who, though he rides rather high on the +subject, over all the Querists and Replyists, deserves many thanks for +his very instructive and scholarlike dissertation. + +What the S. signifies has evidently been a puzzle. That a chain is a +badge of honour, there can be no doubt; but may not the _Esses_, after +all, mean nothing at all? originating in the simple S. link, a form +often used in chain-work, and under the name of S. A series of such, +linked together, would produce an elegant design, which in the course of +years would be wrought more like the letter, and be embellished and +varied according to the skill and taste of the workman, and so, that +which at first had no particular meaning, and was merely accidental, +would, after a time, be _supposed_ to be the _initial letters_ of what +is now only guessed at, or be involved in heraldic mystery. As for +[Greek: Phi.]'s rider-Query (Vol ii., p. 110.), repeated by MR. FOSS +(Vol. ii., p. 171.), as to dates,--it may be one step towards a reply if +I here mention, that in Yatton Church, Somerset, there {249} is a +beautifully wrought alabaster monument, without inscription, but +traditionally ascribed to judge Newton, alias Cradock, and his wife Emma +de Wyke. There can be no doubt, from the costume, that the effigy is +that of a judge, and under his robes is visible the Collar of Esses. The +monument is in what is called the Wyke aisle or chapel. That it is +Cradock's, is confirmed by a garb or wheat-sheaf, on which his head is +laid. (The arms of Cradock are, Arg. on a chevron az. 3 _garbs_ or.) +Besides, in the very interesting accounts of the churchwardens of the +parish, annis 1450-1, among the receipts there is this entry: + + "It.: Recipim. de Dn‡ de Wyke p. man. T. Newton filii sui de + legato Dni. Riei. Newton ad ---- p. campana ... xx." + +Richard Cradock was the first of his family who took the name of Newton, +and I have been informed that the last fine levied before him was, Oct. +Mart. 27 Hen. VI. (Nov. 1448), proving that the canopied altar tomb in +Bristol Cathedral, assigned to him, and recording that he died 1444, +must be an error. It is stated, that the latter monument was defaced +during the civil wars, and repaired in 1747, which is, probably, all +that is true of it. But this would carry me into another subject, to +which, perhaps, I may be allowed to return some other day. However, we +have got a date for the use of the collar by the _chief_ judges, +_earlier_ than that assigned by MR. FOSS, and it is somewhat +confirmatory of what he tells us, that it was not worn by any of the +_puisne_ order. + +H.T. ELLACOMBE. + +Bitton, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +_The Livery Collar of SS._--Though ARMIGER (Vol. ii., p. 194.) has not +adduced any facts on this subject that were previously unknown to me, he +has advanced some misstatements and advocated some erroneous notions, +which it may be desirable at once to oppose and contradict; inasmuch as +they are calculated to envelope in fresh obscurity certain particulars, +which it was the object of my former researches to set forth in their +true light. And first, I beg to say that with respect to the "four +inaccuracies" with which he charges me, I do not plead guilty to any of +them. 1st. When B. asked the question, "Is there any list of persons who +were honoured with that badge?" it was evident that he meant, Is there +any list of the names of such persons, as of the Knights of the Garter +or the Bath? and I correctly answered, No: for there still is no such +list. The description of the classes of persons who might use the collar +in the 2 Hen. IV. is not such a list as B. asked for. 2dly. Where I said +"That persons were not honoured with the badge, in the sense that +persons are now decorated with stars, crosses, or medals," I am again +unrefuted by the statute of 2 Hen. IV., and fully supported by many +historical facts. I repeat that the livery collar was not worn as a +badge of honour, but as a badge of feudal allegiance. It seems to have +been regarded as giving certain weight and authority to the wearer, and, +therefore, was only to be worn in the king's presence, or in coming to +and from the king's hostel, except by the higher ranks; and this +entirely confirms my view. Had it been a mere personal decoration, like +the collar of an order of knighthood, there would have been no reason +for such prohibition; but as it conveyed the impression that the wearer +was especially one of the king's immediate military or household +servants, and invested with certain power or influence on that ground, +therefore its assumption away from the neighbourhood of the court was +prohibited, except to individuals otherwise well known from their +personal rank and station. 3dly. When ARMIGER declares I am wrong in +saying "That the collar was _assumed_," I have every reason to believe I +am still right. I may admit that, if it was literally a livery, it would +be worn only by those to whom the king gave it; but my present +impression is, that it was termed the king's livery, as being of the +pattern which was originally distributed by the king, or by the Duke of +Lancaster his father, to his immediate adherents, but which was +afterwards _assumed_ by all who were anxious to assert their loyalty, or +distinguish their partizanship as true Lancastrians; so that the statute +of 2 Hen. IV. was rendered necessary to restrain its undue and +extravagant _assumption_, for sundry good political reasons, some notion +of which may be gathered by perusing the poem on the deposition of +Richard II. published by the Camden Society. And 4thly, Where ARMIGER +disputes my conclusion, that the assumers were, so far as can be +ascertained, those who were attached to the royal household or service, +it will be perceived, by what I have already stated, that I still adhere +to that conclusion. I do not, therefore, admit that the statute of 2 +Henry IV. shows me to be incorrect in any one of those four particulars. +ARMIGER next proceeds to allude to Manlius Torquatus, who won and wore +the golden torc of a vanquished Gaul: but this story only goes to prove +that the collar of the Roman _torquati_ originated in a totally +different way from the Lancastrian collar of livery. ARMIGER goes on to +enumerate the several derivations of the Collar of Esses--from the +initial letter of _Soverayne_, from _St. Simplicius_, from _St. Crispin_ +and _St. Crispinian_, the martyrs of Soissons, from the _Countess of +Salisbury_, from the word _Souvenez_, and lastly, from the office of +_Seneschalus_, or Steward of England, held by John of Ghent,--which is, +as he says, "Mr. Nichols's notion," but the whole of which he +stigmatises alike "as mere monkish or heraldic gossip;" and, finally, he +proceeds to unfold his own recondite discovery, "viz. that it comes from +the S-shaped lever upon the bit {250} of the bridle of the war +steed,"--a conjecture which will assuredly have fewer adherents than any +one of its predecessors. But now comes forth the disclosure of what +school of heraldry this ARMIGER is the champion. He is one who can tell +us of "many more rights and privileges than are dreamt of in the +philosophy either of the court of St. James's or the college of St. +Bennet's Hill!" In short, he is the mouthpiece of "the Baronets' +Committee for Privileges." And this is the law which he lays down:-- + + "The persons now privileged to wear the ancient golden collar of + SS. are the _equites aurati_, or knights (chevaliers) in the + British monarchy, a body which includes all the hereditary order + of baronets in England, Scotland, and Ireland, with such of + their eldest sons, being of age, as choose to claim inauguration + as knights." + +Here we have a full confession of a large part of the faith of the +Baronets' Committee,--a committee of which the greater number of those +who lent their names to it are probably by this time heartily ashamed. +It is the doctrine held forth in several works on the Baronetage +compiled by a person calling himself "Sir Richard Broun," of whom we +read in Dodd's _Baronetage_, that "previous to succeeding his father, he +demanded inauguration as a knight, in the capacity of a baronet's eldest +son; but the Lord Chamberlain having refused to present him to the Queen +for that purpose, he assumed the title of 'Sir,' and the addition of +'Eques Auratus,' in June, 1842." So we see that ARMIGER and the Lord +Chamberlain are at variance as to part of the law above cited; and so, +it might be added, have been other legal authorities, to the privileges +asserted by the mouthpiece of the said committee. But that is a long +story, on which I do not intend here to enter. I had not forgotten that +in one of the publications of Sir Richard Broun the armorial coat of the +premier baronet of each division is represented encircled with a Collar +of Esses; but I should never have thought of alluding to this freak, +except as an amusing instance of fantastic assumption. I will now +confine myself to what has appeared in the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES;" +and, more particularly, to the unfounded assertion of ARMIGER in p. +194., "that the golden Collar of SS. was the undoubted badge or mark of +a knight, _eques auratus_;" which he follows up by the dictum already +quoted, that "the persons now privileged to wear the ancient golden +Collar of SS. are the _equites aurati_." I believe it is generally +admitted that knights were _equites aurati_ because they wore golden or +gilt spurs; certainly it was not because they wore golden collars, as +ARMIGER seems to wish us to believe; and the best proof that the Collar +of Esses was not the badge of a knight, as such, at the time when such +collars were most worn, in the fifteenth century, is this--that the +monumental effigies and sepulchral brasses of many knights at that time +are still extant which have no Collar of Esses; whilst the Collar of +Esses appears only on the figures of a limited number, who were +undoubtedly such as wished to profess their especial adherence to the +royal House of Lancaster. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS. + + * * * * * + +SIR GREGORY NORTON, BART. + +(Vol. ii., p. 216.) + +The creation of the baronetcy of _Norton_, of Rotherfield, in East +Tysted, co. Hants, took place in the person of Sir Richard Norton, of +Rotherfield, Kt., 23d May, 1622, and _expired_ with him on his death +without male issue in 1652. + +The style of Baronet, in the case of _Sir Gregory Norton_, the +_regicide_, was an assumption not uncommon in those days; as in the case +of _Prettyman_ of Lodington, and others. + +The regicide in his will styles himself "Sir Richard Norton, of Paul's, +Covent Garden, in the county of Middlesex, Bart." It bears date 12th +March, 1651, and was proved by his relict, Dame Martha Norton, 24th +Sept., 1652. He states that his land at Penn, in the county of Bucks, +was _mortgaged_, and mentions his "disobedient son, Henrie Norton;" and +desires his burial-place may be at Richmond, co. Surrey. + +The descent of Gregory Norton is not known. There is no evidence of his +connexion with the Rotherfield or Southwick Nortons. His assumption of +the title was not under any claim he could have had, real or imaginary, +connected with the Rotherfield patent; for he uses the title at the same +time with Sir Richard of Rotherfield, whose will is dated 26th July, +1652, and not proved till 5th Oct, 1652, when Sir Gregory was dead; and, +what is singular, the will of Sir Richard was proved by his brother, +John Norton, by the style of _Baronet_, to which he could have had no +pretension, as Sir Richard died without male issue, and there was no +limitation of the patent of 1622 on failure of heirs male of the body of +the grantee. + +G. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE'S WORD "DELIGHTED." + +That the Shakspearian word _delighted_ might, as far as its form goes, +mean "endowed with delight," "full of delight," I should readily +concede; but this meaning would suit neither the passage in _Measure for +Measure_,--"the delighted spirit,"--nor (satisfactorily) that in +_Othello_,--"delighted beauty." Whether, therefore, _delighted_ be +derived from the Latin _delectus_ or not, I still believe that it means +"refined," "dainty," "delicate;" a sense which is curiously adapted to +each of the three places. This will not be questioned with respect to +the second and third passages cited by {251} MR. HICKSON: and the +following citations will, I think, prove the point as effectually for +the passage of _Measure for Measure_: + + 1. "_Fine_ apparition".--_Tempest_, Act i. sc. 2. + + 2. "Spirit, _fine_ spirit."--Ditto. + + 3. "_Delicate_ Ariel."--Ditto. + + 4. "And, for thou wast a spirit too _delicate_, + To act her _earthy_ and abhorred commands." + Ditto. + + 5. "_Fine_ Ariel."--Ditto. + + 6. "My _delicate_ Ariel."--Ditto. Act iv. sc. 1. + + 7. "Why that's my _dainty_ Ariel."--Ditto. Act v. + sc. 1. + +I do not know the precise nature of the "old authorities" which MR. +SINGER opposes to my conjecture: but may we not demur to the +conclusiveness of any "old authorities" on such a point? Etymology seems +to be one of the developing sciences, in which we know more, and better, +than our forefathers, as our descendants will know more, and better, +than we do. + +To end with a brace of queries. Are not _delicioe_, _delicatus_, more +probably from _deligere_ than from _delicere_? And whence comes the word +_dainty_? I cannot believe in the derivation from _dens_, "a tooth." + +B.H. KENNEDY. + + * * * * * + +AÀROSTATION. + +Your correspondent C.B.M. (Vol. ii., p 199.) will find a long article on +_AÎrostation_ in Rees' _CyclopÊdia_; but his inquiry reminds me of a +conversation I had with the late Sir Anthony Carlisle, about a year +before his death. He wished to consult me on the subject of flying by +mechanical means, and that I should assist him in some of his +arrangements. He had devoted many years of his life to the consideration +of this subject, and made numerous experiments at great cost, which +induced him to believe in the possibility of enabling man to fly by +means of artificial wings. However visionary this idea might be, he had +collected innumerable and extremely interesting data, having examined +the anatomical structure of almost every winged thing in the creation, +and compared the weight of the body with the area of the wings when +expanded in the act of volitation as well as the natural habits of +birds, insects, bats, and fishes, with reference to their powers of +flying and duration of flight. + +These notes would form a valuable addition to natural history, whatever +might be thought of the purpose for which they were collected, during a +period of thirty years; and it is much to be regretted they were never +published. His own opinion was, that the publication, during his life +would injure his practice as a physician. It would be impossible without +the aid of diagrams, and I do not remember sufficient, to explain his +mechanical contrivances; but the general principle was, to suspend the +man under a kind of flat parachute of extremely thin _feather-edge_ +boards, with a power of adjusting the angle at which it was placed, and +allowing the man the full use of his arms and legs to work any machinery +placed beneath; the area of the parachute being proportioned, as in +birds to the weight of the man, who was to start from the top of a high +tower, or some elevated position, flying against the wind. + +HENRY WILKINSON. + +Brompton. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Long Lonkin_ (Vol. ii., p. 168.).--If SELEUCUS will refer to Mr. +Chamber's _Collection of Scottish Ballads_, he will find there the whole +story under the name of Lammilsin, of which Lonkin appears to me to be a +corruption. In the 6th verse it is rendered: + + "He said to his ladye fair, + Before he gaed abuird, + Beware, beware o, Lammilsin! + For he lyeth in the wudde." + +Then the story goes on to state that Lammilsin crept in at a little shot +window, and after some conversation with the "fause nourrice" they +decide to + + "Stab the babe, and make it cry, + And that will bring her down." + +Which being done, they murder the unhappy lady. Shortly after, Lord +Weirie comes home, and has the "fause nourrice" burnt at the stake. From +the circumstance that the name of the husband of the murdered lady was +Weirie, it is conjectured that this tragedy took place at Balwearie +Castle, in Fife, and the old people about there constantly affirm that +it really occurred. I am not aware that there exists any connection +between the hero of this story and the _nursery rhyme_; for, as I before +stated, I think Lonkin a corruption of Lammilsin. + +H.H.C. + + +_Rowley Powley_ (Vol. ii., p. 74.).--Andre Valladier, who died about the +middle of the sixteenth century, was a popular preacher and the king's +almoner. He gained great applause for his funeral oration on Henry IV. +In his sermon for the second Sunday in Lent (Rouen, 1628), he says;-- + + "Le paon est gentil et miste, bien que par la parfaite beautÈ de + sa houppe, par la raretÈ et noblesse de sa teste, par la + gentilesse et nettetÈ de son cou, par l'ornement de ses pennes + et par la majestÈ de tout le reste de son corps, il ravit tous + ceux qui le contemplent attentivement; toutefois au rencontre de + sa femelle, pour l'attirer ‡ son amour, il dÈploye sa pompe, + fait montrer et parade de son plumage bizarrÈ, et RIOLL… PIOLL… + se presente ‡ elle avec piafe, et luy donne la plus belle visÈe + de sa roue. De mesme ce Dieu admirable, amoreux des hommes, pour + nous ravir d'amour ‡ soy, desploye le lustre de ses plus + accomplies beautez, et comme un amant transportÈ de sa bienaimÈe + se {252} montre pour nous allecher ‡ cetter transformation de + nous en luy, de nostre misËre en sa gloire."--Ap. + _Predicatoriuna_ p. 132-3: Dijon, 1841. + +H.B.C. + + +_Guy's Armour_ (Vol. ii., pp. 55. 187.).--With respect to the armour +said to have belonged to Guy, Earl of Warwick, your correspondent NASO +is referred to Grose's _Military Antiquities_, vol. ii. pl. 42., where +he will find an engraving of a bascinet of the fourteenth century, much +dilapidated, but having still a fragment of the moveable vizor adhering +to the pivot on which it worked. Whether this interesting relic is still +at Warwick Castle or not, I cannot pretend to say, as I was +unfortunately prevented joining the British ArchÊological Association at +the Warwick congress in 1847, and have never visited that part of the +country; but the bascinet which was there in Grose's time was at least +of the date of Guido de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, the builder of Guy's +Tower, who died in 1315, and who has always been confounded with the +fabulous Guy: and if it has disappeared, we have to regret the loss of +the only specimen of an English bascinet of that period that I am aware +of in this country. + +J.R. PLANCH + + +_Alarm_ (Vol. ii., pp. 151. 183.).--The origin of this word appears to +be the Italian cry, _all'arme; gridare all'arme_ is to give the alarm. +Hence the French _alarme_, and from the French is borrowed the English +word. _Alarum_ for _alarm_, is merely a corruption produced by +mispronunciation. The letters _l_ and _r_ before _m_ are difficult to +pronounce; and they are in general, according to the refined standard of +our pronunciation, so far softened as only to lengthen the preceding +vowel. In provincial pronunciation, however, the force of the former +letter is often preserved, and the pronunciation is facilitated by the +insertion of a vowel before the final _m_. The Irish, in particular, +adopt this mode of pronouncing; even in public speaking they say +_callum_, _firrum_, _farrum_, for _calm_, _firm_, _farm_. The old word +_chrisom_ for _chrism_, is an analogous change: the Italians have in +like manner lengthened _chrisma_ into _cresima_; the French have +softened it into _chrÍme_. + +L. + + +_Alarm._--It is in favour of the derivation _‡ l'arme_ that the Italian +is _allarme_; some dictionaries even have _dare all'arme_, with the +apostrophe, for to give alarm. It is against it that the German word +_L‰rm_ is used precisely as the English _alarm_. Your correspondent CH. +thinks the French derivation suspiciously ingenious: here I must differ; +I think it suspiciously obvious. I will give him a suggestion which I +think really suspiciously ingenious: in fact, had not the opportunity +occurred for illustrating ingenuity, I should not have ventured it. May +it not be that _alarme_ and _allarme_ is formed in the obvious way, as +_to arms_; while _alarum_ and _L‰rm_ wholly unconnected with them? May +it not sometimes happen that, by coincidence, the same sounds and +meanings go together in different languages without community of origin? +Is it not possible that _larum_ and _L‰rm_ are imitations of the stroke +and subsequent resonance of a large bell? Denoting the continued sound +of _m_ by _m-m-m_, I think that _lrm-m-m-lrm-m-m-lrm-m-m_ &c., is as +good an imitation of a large bell at some distance as letters can make. +And in the old English use of the word, the alarum refers more often to +a bell than to any thing else. + +The introduction of the military word into English can be traced, as to +time, with a certain probability. In 1579, Thomas Digges published his +_Arithmeticall Militare Treatise named Stratioticos_, which he informs +us is mainly the writing of his father, Leonard Digges. At page 170. the +father seems to finish with "and so I mean to finishe this treatise:" +while the son, as we must suppose, adds p. 171. and what follows. In the +father's part the word _alarm_ is not mentioned, that I can find. If it +occurred anywhere, it would be in describing the duties of the +_scout-master_; but here we have nothing but _warning_ and _surprise_, +never _alarm_. But in the son's appendix, the word _alarme_ does occur +twice in one page (173.). It also occurs in the body of the _second_ +edition of the book, when of course it is the son who inserts it. We may +say then, that, in all probability, the military technical term was +introduced in the third quarter of the sixteenth century. This, I +suspect, is too late to allow us to suppose that the vernacular force +which Shakspeare takes it to have, could have been gained for it by the +time he wrote. + +The second edition was published in 1590; about this time the spelling +of the English language made a very rapid approach to its present form. +This is seen to a remarkable extent in the two editions of the +_Stratioticos_; in the first, the commanding officer of a regiment is +always _corronel_, in the second _collonel_. But the most striking +instance I now remember, is the following. In the first edition of +Robert Recorde's _Castle of Knowledge_ (1556) occurs the following +tetrastich:-- + + "If reasons reache transcende the skye, + Why shoulde it then to earthe be bounde? + The witte is wronged and leadde awrye, + If mynde be maried to the grounde." + +In the second edition (1596) the above is spelt as we should now do it, +except in having _skie_ and _awrie_. + +M. + + +_Prelates of France_ (Vol. ii., p. 182.).--In answer to a Minor Query of +P.C.S.S., I can inform him that I have in my possession, if it be of any +use to him, a manuscript entitled _Tableau de l'Ordre religieux en +France, avant et depuis l'Edit de 1768_, {253} containing the houses, +number of religions, and revenues, and the several dioceses in which +they were to be found. + +M. + +Midgham House, Newbury, Berks. + + +_Haberdasher_ (Vol. ii., p. 167.).-- + + "Haberdasher, a retailer of goods, a dealer in small wares; T. + _haubvertauscher_, from _haab_; B. _have_; It. _haveri_, + _haberi_, goods, wares; and _tauscher_, _vertauscher_, a dealer, + an exchanger; G. _tuiskar_; D. _tusker_; B. _tuischer_." + +This derivation of the term _haberdasher_ is from _Thomson's Etymons_, +and seems to be satisfactory. + +_Haberdascher_ was the name of a trade at least as early as the reign of +Edward III.; but it is not easy to decide what was the sort of trade or +business then carried on under that name. Any elucidation of that point +would be very acceptable. + +D. + + +"_Rapido contrarius orbi_" (Vol. ii., p. 120.).--No answer having +appeared to the inquiry of N.B., it may be stated that, in Hartshorne's +_Book-Rarities of Cambridge_, mention is made of a painting, in Emanuel +College, of "Abp. Sancroft, sitting at a writing-table with arms, and +motto, _Rapido contrarius orbi_. P.P. Lens, F.L." + +Brayley, in his _Concise Account of Lambeth Palace_, describes a +portrait, in the vestry, of "A young man in a clerical habit, or rather +that of a student, with a motto beneath, 'Rapido contrarium orbo'" +(whether the motto, as thus given, is the printer's or the painter's +error does not appear), "supposed to be Abp. Sancroft when young.--Date +1650." + +G.A.S. + + +_Robertson of Muirtown_ (Vol. ii., p. 135.).--C.R.M. will find a +pedigree of the family of Robertson of _Muirton_ in a small duodecimo +entitled: + + "The History and Martial Atchievements of the Robertsons of + Strowan. Edinburgh: printed for and by Alex. Robertson in + _Morison's_ Close; where Subscribers may call for their copies." + +The date of publication is not given; I think, however, it must have +been printed soon after 1st January 1771, which is the latest date in +the body of the work. + +The greater portion of the volume is occupied with the poems of +Alexander Robertson of Strowan who died in 1749. + +A.R.X. + +Paisley. + + +"_Noli me tangere_" (Vol. ii., p. 153.)--The following list of some of +the painters of this subject may assist B.R.:-- + +_Timoteo delle Vite_--for St. Angelo at Cogli. + +_Titian_--formerly in the Orleans collection, and engraved by N. +Tardieu, in the Crozat Gallery. + +_Ippolito Scarsella_ (Lo Scarsellino)--for St. Nicolo Ferrara. + +_Cristoforo Roncalli_ (Il Cav. delle Pomarance)--for the Eremitani at +St. Severino. + +_Lucio Massari_--for the Celestini, Bologna. + +_Francesco Boni_ (Il Gobbino)--for the Dominicani, Faenza. + +I.Z.P. + + +_Clergy sold for Slaves_ (Vol. ii., p. 51.),--MR. SANSOM will find in +the _Cromwellian Diary of Thomas Burton_, iv. 255. 273. 301-305., ample +material for an answer to his question respecting the sale of any of the +loyal party for slaves during the rebellion. + +There is no evidence of any _clergymen_ having been sold as slaves to +Algiers or Barbadoes. Drs. Beale, Martin, and Sterne, heads of colleges, +were threatened with this outrage (see _Querela Cantabrigiensis_ +appended to the _Mercurius Rusticus_ p. 184). In the life of Dr. John +Barwick, one of the authors of the _Querela_ (in the Eng. transl. p. +42.), the story is thus told: + + "The rebels at that time threatened some of their greatest men + and most learned heads (such as Dr William Beale, Dr. Edward + Martin, and Dr. Richard Sterne) transportation into the isles of + America, or even to the barbarian Turks: for these great men, + and several other very eminent divines, were kept close + prisoners in a ship on the Thames, under the hatches, almost + killed with stench, hunger, and watching; and treated by the + senseless mariners with more insolence than if they had been the + vilest slaves, or had been confined there for some infamous + robbery or murder. Nay, one Rigby, a scoundrel of the very dregs + of the parliament rebels, did at that time expose these venerable + persons to sale, and _would actually have sold them for slaves, + if any one would have bought them_." + +In a note, it is added that Rigby moved twice in the Long Parliament, + + "That those lords and gentlemen who were prisoners, should be + sold as slaves to Argiere, or sent to the new plantations in the + West Indies, because he had contracted with two merchants for + that purpose." + +Col. Rigby, so justly denounced by Barwick, sat in the Long Parliament +for the borough of Wigan, and in the Parliarment of 1658-9 represented +Lancashire. He was a native of Preston, was bred to the law, and held a +colonel's rank in the parliamentary army. He was one of the committee of +sequestrators for Lancashire, served at the siege of Latham House, and +in 1649 was created Baron of the Exchequer, but was superseded by +Cromwell. + +Calamy, the historian and chaplain of the Nonconformists, treated +Walker's statement quoted by MR. SANSOM as a fiction, and advised him to +expunge the passage. See his _Church and Dissenters compared as to +Persecution_, 1719, pp. 40, 41. + +A.B.R. + + +_North Side of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., pp. 55. 189).--One of your +writers has recently endeavoured to explain the popular dislike to +burial on the north side of the church, by reference to the place of the +churchyard cross, the sunniness, and the greater resort of the people to +the south. {254} These are not only meagre reasons, but they are +incorrect. + +The doctrine of regions was coeval with the death of Our Lord. The east +was the realm of the oracles; the especial Throne of God. The west was +the domain of the people; the Galilee of all nations was there. The +south, the land of the mid-day, was sacred to things heavenly and +divine. The north was the devoted region of Satan and his hosts; the +lair of demons, and their haunt. In some of our ancient churches, over +against the font, and in the northern walls, there was a devil's door. + +It was thrown open at every baptism for the escape of the fiend, and at +all other seasons carefully closed. Hence came the old dislike to +sepulture at the north. + +R.S. HAWKER. + +Morwenstow, Cornwall. + + +_Sir John Perrot_ (Vol. ii., p. 217.).--This Query surprises me. Sir +John Perrot was not governor of Ireland _in the reign of Henry VIII._, +and your correspondent E.N.W. is mistaken in his belief that Sir John +was _beheaded_ in the reign of Elizabeth. He was convicted of treason +16th June, 1592, and died in the Tower in September following. In the +_British Plutarch_, 3rd edit., 1791, vol. i. p. 121., is _The Life of +Sir John Perrot_. The authorities given are Cox's _History of Ireland; +Life of Sir John Perrot_, 8vo., 1728; _Biographia Britannica_; Salmon's +_Chronological History_; to which I may add the following references:-- + +Howell's _State Trials_, i. 1315; Camden's _Annals_; Naunton's +_Fragmenta Regalia_; Lloyd's _State Worthies_; Nash's _Worcestershire_; +Strype's _Ecclesiastical Memorials_, iii. 297.; Strype's _Annals_, iii. +337, 398-404.; _Stradling Letters_, 48-50.; Nare's _Life of Lord +Burghley_, iii. 407.; _Fourth Report of Deputy Keeper of Public +Records_, Appendix, ii. 281. Dean Swift, in his _Introduction to Polite +Conversation_, says,-- + + "Sir John Perrot was the first man of quality whom I find upon + the record to have sworn by _God's wounds_. He lived in the + reign of Queen Elizabeth, and was supposed to be a natural son + of Henry VIII., who might also have been his instructor." + +C.H. COOPER + +Cambridge, August 31. 1850. + + +_Coins of Constantius II._--The coins of this prince are, from their +titles being identical with those of his cousin, very difficult to be +distinguished. _My_ only guide is the portrait. Gallus died at +twenty-nine; and we may suppose that his coins would present a more +youthful portrait than Constantius II. The face of Constantius is long +and thin, and is distinguished by the royal diadem. The youthful head +resembling Constantius the Great with the laurel crown, _Rev_. Two +military figures standing, with spears and bucklers, between them two +standards, _Ex._ S M N B., I have arranged in my cabinet, how far +rightly I know not, as that of Gallus. + +E.S.T. + + +"_She ne'er with treacherous Kiss_" (Vol. ii., p. 136.).--C.A.H. will +find the lines,-- + + "She ne'er with trait'rous kiss," &c. + +in a poem named "Woman," 2nd ed. p. 34., by Eaton Stannard Barrett, +Esq., published in 1818, by Henry Colburn, Conduit street. + +E.D.B. + + +_California_ (Vol. ii, p. 132.).--Your correspondent E.N.W. will find +earlier anticipations of "the golden harvest now gathering in +California," in vol. iii. of _Hakluyt's Voyages_, p. 440-442, where an +account is given of Sir F. Drake's taking possession of Nova Albion. + + "There is no part of earth here to bee taken up, wherein there + is not speciall likelihood of gold or silver." + +In Callendar's _Voyages_, vol. i. p. 303., and other collections +containing Sir F. Drake's voyage to Magellanica, there is the same +notice. The earth of the country seemed to promise very rich veins of +gold and silver, there being hardly any digging without throwing up some +of the ores of them. + +T.J. + + +_Bishops and their Precedence_ (Vol. ii., pp. 9. 76.)--The precedence of +bishops is regulated by the act of 31 Hen. VIII. c. 10., "for placing of +the Lords." Bishops are, in fact, temporal barons, and, as stated in +Stephen's _Blackstone_, vol. iii. pp. 5, 6., sit in the House of Peers +in right of succession to certain ancient baronies annexed, or supposed +to be annexed, to their episcopal lands; and as they have in addition +high spiritual rank, it is but right they should have place before those +who, in temporal rank only, are equal to them. This is, in effect, the +meaning of the reason given by Coke in part iii. of the Institutes, p. +361. ed. 1670, where, after noticing the precedence amongst the bishops +themselves, namely, 1. The Bishop of London, 2. The Bishop of Durham, 3. +The Bishop of Winchester, he observes: + + "But the other bishops have place above all the barons of the + realm, because they hold their bishopricks of the king per + baroniam; but they give place to viscounts, earls, marquesses, + and dukes." + +ARUN. + + +_Elizabeth and Isabel_ (Vol. i., pp. 439. 488.).--The title of Ælius +Antonius Nebressengis's history is, _Rerum a Fernando et Elisabe +Hispaniaram fælicissimis regibus gestarum Decades duæ_. + +J.B. + + +_Dr. Thomas Bever's Legal Polity of Great Britain_ (Vol. i., p. +483.).--Is J.R. aware that the principal part of the parish of Mortimer, +near Reading, as well as the manorial rights, belongs to a Richard +Benyon de Beauvoir, Esq., residing not very far from that spot, at +Englefield House, about five miles on the Newbury Road from Reading. +{255} This gentleman, whose original name was Powlett Wright, took the +name of De Beauvoir a few years back, as I understand, from succeeding +to the property of his relative, a Mr. Beevor or Bever. This gentleman +may, perhaps, be enabled to throw some light upon the family of Dr. +Bever. + +WP. + + +_Eikon Basilike_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--I would suggest to A.C. that the +circumstance of his copy of this work bearing on its cover "C.R.," +surmounted by a crown, may not be indicative of its having been in the +possession of royalty. It may have been, perhaps, not unusual to +occasionally so distinguish words of this description published in or +about that year (1660). I have a small volume entitled-- + + "The History of His Sacred Majesty Charles II. Begun from the + Murder of his royal father of Happy Memory, and continued to + this present year, 1660, by a person of quality. Printed for + _James Davies_, and are to be sold at the _Turk's Head in Ioy_ + Lane, and at the _Greyhound_ in _St. Paul's_ Church Yard, 1660." + +This volume is stamped in gold on both covers with C.R., surmounted by a +crown. + +E.B. PRICE. + + +_Earl of Oxford's Patent_ (Vol. ii., PP. 194. 235.).--LORD BRAYBROOKE no +doubt knows, that the preamble to the patent was written by Dean Swift. +(See _Journal to Stella_.) I would add, in reply to O.P.Q., that there +is no doubt that _assassin_ and _assassinate_ are properly used even +when death does not ensue. Not so _murder_ and _murderer_, which are +strict terms of _law_ to which _death_ is indispensable. + +C. + + +_Cave's Historia Litteraria_ (Vol. ii., p. 230.).--Part I. appeared at +London, 1688. An Appendix, by Wharton, followed, 1689. These were +reprinted, Geneva, 1693. Part II., Lond., 1698; repr. Genev., 1699. The +whole was reprinted, Genev., 1708 and 1720. After the author's death a +new and improved edition appeared, Oxon., 1740-43; rep. Basil, 1741-45. +I give the date 1708, not 1705, to the second Geneva impression, on the +authority of Walch. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Collections of Wills have always been regarded, and very justly so, as +among the most valuable materials which exist for illustrating the +social condition of the people at the period to which they belong. +Executed, as they must be, at moments the most solemn displaying, as we +cannot but believe they do, the real feelings which actuate the +testators; and having for their object the distribution of existing +property, and that of every possible variety of description, it is +obvious that they alike call for investigation, and are calculated to +repay any labour that may be bestowed upon them. It is therefore, +perhaps, somewhat matter of surprise that the Camden Society should not +hitherto have printed any of this interesting class of documents; and +that only in the twelfth year of its existence it should have given to +its members the very interesting volume of _Wills and Inventories from +the Registers of the Commissary of Bury St. Edmunds and the Archdeacon +of Sudbury_, which has been edited for the Society by Mr. Tymms, the +active and intelligent Treasurer and Secretary of the Bury and West +Suffolk ArchÊological Institute. The selection contains upwards of fifty +Wills, dated between 1370 and 1649, and the documents are illustrated by +a number of brief but very instructive notes; and as the volume is +rendered more useful by a series of very complete indices, we have no +doubt it will be as satisfactory to the members as it is creditable to +its editor. Mr. Tymms acknowledges his obligations to Mr. Way and Mr. J. +Gough Nicols: we are sure the Camden Society would be under still +greater obligations to those gentlemen if they could be persuaded to +undertake the production of the series of Lambeth Wills which was to +have been edited by the late Mr. Stapleton, with Mr. Way's assistance. + +When the proprietors of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ at the commencement +of the present year announced their projected improvements in that +periodical, we expressed our confidence that they would really and +earnestly put forth fresh claims to the favour of the public. Our +anticipations have been fully realised. Each succeeding number has shown +increased energy and talent in the "discovery and establishment of +historical truth in all its branches," and that the conductors of this +valuable periodical, the only "Historical Review" in the country, +continue to pursue these great objects faithfully and honestly, as in +times past, but more diligently and more undividedly. No student of +English history can now dispense with, no library which places +historical works upon its shelves can now be complete without _The +Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review_. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--G. Willis's (Great Piazza, +Covent Garden) Catalogue No. 41. New Series of Second-hand Books, +Ancient and Modern; W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) +Sixtieth (catalogue of Cheap Second-hand English and Foreign Books); C. +Hamilton's (4. Budge Place, City Road) Catalogue No. 41. of an important +Collection of the Cheapest Tracts, Books, Autographs, Manuscripts, +Original Drawings, &c. ever offered for sale. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +MARTENS OR MERTENS THE PRINTER. _Will D.L. kindly furnish us with a copy +of the Note alluded to in his valuable communication in_ No. 42.? + +JUNIUS IDENTIFIED. MR. TAYLOR'S _Letter on his authorship of this volume +is unavoidably postponed until next week_. + +M., _who writes on the subject of_ Mr. Thomas's Account of the State +Paper Office, _will be glad to hear that a Calendar of the documents +contained in that department is in the press_. + + * * * * * {256} + +SECOND PART OF MR. ARNOLD'S GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. + +Now Ready, in 8vo., price 6s. 6d. + +A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. Part Second. (On +the PARTICLES.) In this Part the Passages for Translation are of +considerable length. + +By the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late +Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. + +RIVINGTON, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place. + + * * * * * + +Of whom may be had, by the same Author, + +1. The SEVENTH EDITION of the FIRST PART. In 8vo. 6s. 6d. + +2. A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION to GREEK ACCIDENCE. Fourth Edition. 8vo. 5s. +6d. + +3. A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION to GREEK CONSTRUING. 6s. 6d. + +4. The FIRST GREEK BOOK; upon the plan of HENRY'S FIRST LATIN BOOK. 5s. +(The SECOND GREEK BOOK is in the Press.) + + * * * * * + +ARCH∆OLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. + +The Central Committee of the Institute have considered a Resolution, +passed at a recent meeting of the British ArchÊological Association at +Manchester, August 24th, in reference to the expediency of promoting a +union between the Association and the Institute. The Committee desire to +give this public notice, that they are ready, as they have always been, +to admit members of the Association desirous of joining the Institute. +They have determined accordingly, that, in order to offer reasonable +encouragement to the members of the Association, they shall henceforth +be eligible without the payment of the customary entrance fee, on the +intimation of their wish to the Committee to be proposed for election. +Life-members of the Association shall be eligible as life-members on +payment of half the usual composition. All members of the Association +thus elected shall likewise have the privilege of acquiring the previous +publications of the Institute at the price to original subscribers. + +Apartments of the Institute, +26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, Sept. 9, 1850. + By order of the Central Committee, + H. 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Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, Octavo Edition, plain, 15s.; Quarto Edition, having the +Plates of the Tesselated Pavements all coloured, 1l. 5s. + +REMAINS of ROMAN ART in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient Corinium: +containing Plates by De la Motte, of the magnificent Tesselated +Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with copies of the +grand Heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pomona; reduced by the Talbotype from +facsimile tracings of the original; together with various other plates +and numerous wood engravings. + +In the Quarto edition the folding of the plates necessary for the +smaller volume is avoided. + +"The recent discoveries made at Cirencester have been the means of +enlisting in the cause of archÊlogy two intelligent and energetic +associates, to whose exertions we are mainly indebted for the +preservation of the interesting remains brought to light, and our +obligations are increased by the able manner in which they have +described and illustrated them in the volume now under notice. + +"These heads" (Ceres, Flora, and Pomona) are of a high order of art, and +Mr. De la Motte, by means of the Talbotype, has so successfully reduced +them that the engravings are perfect facsimiles of the originals. They +are, perhaps, the best of the kind, every tessella apparently being +represented. + +"Our authors have very advantageously brought to their task a knowledge +of geology and chemistry, and the important aid which an application of +these sciences confers on archÊology is strikingly shown in the chapter +on the materials of the tesselle, which also includes a valuable report +by Dr. VOELCKER, on an analysis of ruby glass, which formed part of the +composition of one of the Cirencester pavements. This portion of the +volume is too elaborate and circumstantial for any justice to be done to +it in an extract."--_Gentleman's Mag., Sept._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, in the Parish +of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of +No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the +City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street +aforesaid.--Saturday, September 14. 1850. + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 46, Saturday, September 14, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13462 *** diff --git a/13462-h/13462-h.htm b/13462-h/13462-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..72dede8 --- /dev/null +++ b/13462-h/13462-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1953 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" +"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes And Queries, Issue 46.</title> + +<style type="text/css"> + + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.adverts {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;} + html>body hr.adverts {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + + .note {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 6em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 10em;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; + font-size: 8pt;} + + p.author {text-align: right;} + +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13462 ***</div> + +<h1><span class="pagenum"><a id="page241" name= "page241"></a></span>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left"><b>No. 46.</b></td> +<td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, +1850</b></td> +<td align="right"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + +<table summary=""> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Meaning of "Risell" in Hamlet, by S.W. +Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page241">241</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Authors of the Rolliad</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page242">242</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes and Queries</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page242">242</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Body of James II., by Pitman Jones</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page243">243</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk Lore:—Legend of Sir Richard +Baker—Prophetic Spring at Langley, Kent</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page244">244</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Notes:—Poem by Malherbe—Travels +of Two English Pilgrims</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page245">245</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Quotations in Bishop Andrewes, by Rev. James +Bliss</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page245">245</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—Spider and Fly—Lexicon +of Types—Montaigue's Select Essays—Custom of wearing +the Breast uncovered—Milton's Lycidas—Sitting during +the Lessons—Blew-Beer—Carpatio—Value of +Money—Bishop Berkeley, and Adventures of Gaudeatio di +Lucca—Cupid and Psyche—Zund-nadel Guns—Bacon +Family—Armorials—Artephius—Sir Robert +Howard—Crozier and Pastoral Staff—Marks of +Cadency—Miniature Gibbet</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page245">245</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Collar of S.S. by Rev. H.T. Ellacombe and J. Gough +Nichols</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page248">248</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Sir Gregory Norton</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page250">250</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Shakspeare's Word "Delighted," by Rev. Dr. +Kennedy</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page250">250</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Aerostation, by Henry Wilkinson</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page251">251</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:—Long +Lonkin—Rowley Powley—Guy's +Armour—Alarm—Prelates of +France—Haberdasher—"Rapido contrarius +orbi"—Robertson of Muirtown—"Noli me +tangere"—Clergy sold for Slaves—North Side of +Churchyards—Sir John Perrot—Coins of Constantius +II.—She ne'er with treacherous +Kiss—California—Bishops and their +Precedence—Elizabeth and Isabel—Bever's Legal +Polity—Rikon Basilike, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page251">251</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page255">255</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page255">255</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page256">256</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES.</h2> +<h3>THE MEANING OF "DRINK UP EISELL" IN HAMLET.</h3> +<p>Few passages have been more discussed than this wild challenge +of Hamlet to Laertes at the grave of Ophelia:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Ham. I lov'd Ophelia! forty thousand brothers</p> +<p>Could not, with all their quantity of love,</p> +<p>Make up my sum. What wilt thou do for her?</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>—Zounds! show me what thou'lt do?</p> +<p>Woo't weep? Woo't fight? Woo't fast? Woo't tear</p> +<p>thyself?</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Woo't drink up Eisell?</i> eat a crocodile?</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>I'll do't".</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The sum of what has been said may be given in the words of +Archdeacon Nares:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"There is no doubt that eisell meant vinegar, nor even that +Shakspeare has used it in that sense; but in this passage it seems +that it must be put for the name of a Danish river.... The question +was much disputed between Messrs. Steevens and Malone: the former +being for the river, the latter for the vinegar; and he endeavored +even to get over the drink up, which stood much in his way. But +after all, the challenge to drink vinegar, in such a rant, is so +inconsistent, and even ridiculous, that we must decide for the +river, whether its name be exactly found or not. To drink up a +river, and eat a crocodile with his impenetrable scales, are two +things equally impossible. There is no kind of comparison between +the others."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I must confess that I was formerly led to adopt this view of the +passage, but on more mature investigation I find that it is wrong. +I see no necessary connection between eating a crocodile and +drinking up eysell; and to drink up was commonly used for simply to +drink. Eisell or Eysell certainly signified vinegar, but it was +certainly not used in that sense by Shakspeare, who may in this +instance be his own expositor; the word occurring again in his +CXIth sonnet.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Whilst, like a willing patient, I will drink</p> +<p>Potions of eysell, 'gainst my strong infection;</p> +<p>No bitterness that I will bitter think,</p> +<p>Nor double penance, to correct correction."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Here we see that it was a bitter potion which it was a penance +to drink. Thus also in the Troy Book of Lydgate:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Of bitter eysell, and of eager wine."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Now numerous passages in our old dramatic writers show that it +was a fashion with the gallants of the time to do some extravagant +feat, as a proof of their love, in honour of their mistresses; and +among others the swallowing some nauseous potion was one of the +most frequent; but vinegar would hardly have been considered in +this light; wormwood might.</p> +<p>In Thomas's Italian Dictionary, 1562, we have "Assentio, Eysell" +and Florio renders that word by vinegar. What is meant, however, is +Absinthites or Wormwood wine, a nauseously bitter medicament then +much in use; and this being evidently <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page242" id="page242"></a></span> the +<i>bitter potion of Eysell</i> in the poet's sonnet, was certainly +the nauseous draught proposed to be taken by Hamlet among the other +extravagant feats as tokens of love. The following extracts will +show that in the poet's age this nauseous bitter potion was in +frequent use medicinally.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"ABSINTHIUM, [Greek: apsinthion, aspinthion], Comicis, ab +insigni amarore quo bibeates illud aversantur."-<i>Junius, +Nomenclator ap. Nicot</i>.</p> +<p>"ABSINTHITES, <i>wormwood wine</i>.—<i>Hutton's +Dict</i>.</p> +<p>"Hujus modi autem propomatum <i>hodie</i> apud Christianos +quoque <i>maximus est et frequentissimus usus</i>, quibus potatores +maximi ceu proemiis quibusdam atque præludiis utuntur, ad +dirum illud suum propinandi certamen. <i>Ae maxime quidem commune +est proponia absynthites</i>, quod vim habet stomachum corroborandi +et extenuandi, expellendique excrementa quæ in eo +continentur. Hoc fere propomate potatores hodie maxime ab initio +coenæ utuntur ceu pharmaco cum hesternæ, atque +præteritæ, tum futuræ ebrietatis, atque +crapulæ.... <i>amarissimæ sunt potiones +medicatæ</i>, quibus tandem stomachi cruditates immoderato +cibo potuque collectas expurgundi cause uti +coguntur."—Stuckius, <i>Antiquitatæ Corviralium. +Tiguri</i>, 1582, fol. 327.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Of the two latest editors, Mr. Knight decides for the +<i>river</i>, and Mr. Collier does not decide at all. Our northern +neighbours think us almost as much deficient in philological +illustration as in enlarged philosophical criticism on the poet, in +which they claim to have shown us the way.</p> +<p class="author">S.W. SINGER.</p> +<p>Mickleham, Aug. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>AUTHORS OF THE ROLLIAD.</h3> +<p>To the list of subjects and authors in this unrivalled volume, +communicated by LORD BRAYBROOKE (Vol. ii., p. 194.), I would add +that No. XXI. <i>Probationary Odes</i> (which is unmarked in the +Sunning-hill Park copy) was written by Dr. Laurence: so also were +Nos. XIII. and XIV., of which LORD BRAYBROOKE speaks doubtfully. My +authority is the note in the correspondence of Burke and Laurence +published in 1827, page 21. The other names all agree with my own +copy, marked by the late Mr. A. Chalmers.</p> +<p>In order to render the account of the work complete, I would add +the following list of writers of the <i>Political Miscellanies</i>. +Those marked with an asterisk are said "not to be from the +club:"—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"* Probationary Ode Extraordinary, by Mason.</p> +<p>The Statesmen, an Eclogue. Read.</p> +<p>Rondeau to the Right Honourable W. Eden. Dr. Laurence.</p> +<p>Epigrams from the Club. Miscellaneous.</p> +<p>The Delavaliad. Dr. Laurence.</p> +<p>This is the House that George built. Richardson.</p> +<p>Epigrams by Sir Cecil Wray. Tickell and Richardson.</p> +<p>Lord Graham's Diary, not marked.</p> +<p>* Extracts from 2nd Vol. of Lord Mulgrave's Essays.</p> +<p>* Anecdotes of Mr. Pitt.</p> +<p>Letter from a New Member.</p> +<p>* Political Receipt Book, &c.</p> +<p>* Hints from Dr. Pretyman.</p> +<p>A tale 'at Brookes's once,' &c. Richardson.</p> +<p>Dialogue 'Donec Gratus eram Tibi.' Lord J. Townshend.</p> +<p>Pretymaniana, principally by Tickell and Richardson.</p> +<p>Foreign Epigrams, the same and Dr. Laurence.</p> +<p>* Advertisement Extraordinary.</p> +<p>Vive le Scrutiny. Bate Dudley.</p> +<p>* Paragraph Office, Ivy Lane.</p> +<p>* Pitt and Pinetti.</p> +<p>* New Abstract of the Budget for 1784.</p> +<p>Theatrical Intelligence Extraordinary. Richardson.</p> +<p>The Westminster Guide (unknown). Part II. (unknown).</p> +<p>Inscription for the Duke of Richmond's Bust (unknown).</p> +<p>Epigram, 'Who shall expect,' &c. Richardson.</p> +<p>A New Ballad, 'Billy Eden.' Tickell and Richardson.</p> +<p>Epigrams on Sir Elijah Impey, and by Mr. Wilberforce +(unknown).</p> +<p>A Proclamation, by Richardson.</p> +<p>* Original Letter to Corbett.</p> +<p>* Congratulatory Ode to Right Hon. C. Jenkinson.</p> +<p>* Ode to Sir Elijah Impey.</p> +<p>* Song.</p> +<p>* A New Song, 'Billy's Budget.'</p> +<p>* Epigrams.</p> +<p>* Ministerial Undoubted Facts (unknown).</p> +<p>Journal of the Right Hon. Hen. Dundas. From the Club. +Miscellaneous.</p> +<p>Incantation. Fitzpatrick.</p> +<p>Translations of Lord Belgrave's Quotations. From the Club. +Miscellaneous."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Some of these minor contributions were from the pen of O'Beirne, +afterwards Bishop of Meath.</p> +<p>Tickell should be joined with Lord John Townshend in "Jekyll." +The former contributed the lines parodied from Pope.</p> +<p>In reply to LORD BRAYBROOKE'S Query, Moore, in his <i>Life of +Sheridan</i>, speaks of Lord John Townshend as the only survivor of +"this confederacy of wits:" so that, if he is correct, the author +of "Margaret Nicholson" (Adair) cannot be now living.</p> +<p class="author">J.H.M.</p> +<p>Bath.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTES AND QUERIES.</h3> +<p>"There is nothing new under the sun," quoth the Preacher; and +such must be said of "NOTES AND QUERIES." Your contributor M. (Vol. +ii, p. 194.) has drawn attention to the <i>Weekly Oracle</i>, which +in 1736 gave forth its responses to the inquiring public; but, as +he intimates, many similar periodicals might be instanced. Thus, we +have <i>Memoirs for the Ingenious</i>, 1693, 4to., edited by I. de +la Crose; <i>Memoirs for the Curious</i>, 1701, 4to.; <i>The +Athenian Oracle</i>, 1704, 8vo.; <i>The Delphick Oracle</i>, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page243" id= +"page243"></a></span> 1720, 8vo.; <i>The British Apollo</i>, +1740, 12mo.; with several others of less note. The three last +quoted answer many singular questions in theology, law, medicine, +physics, natural history, popular superstitions, &c., not +always very satisfactorily or very intelligently, but still, often +amusingly and ingeniously. <i>The British Apollo: containing two +thousand Answers to curious Questions in most Arts and Sciences, +serious, comical, and humourous</i>, the fourth edition of which I +have now before me, indulges in answering such questions as these: +"How old was Adam when Eve was created?—Is it lawful to eat +black pudding?—Whether the moon in Ireland is like the moon +in England? Where is hell situated? Do cocks lay eggs?" &c. In +answer to the question, "Why is gaping catching?" the Querists of +1740 are gravely told,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Gaping or yawning is infectious, because the steams of the +blood being ejected out of the mouth, doth infect the ambient air, +which being received by the nostrils into another man's mouth, doth +irritate the fibres of the hypogastric muscle to open the mouth to +discharge by expiration the unfortunate gust of air infected with +the steams of blood, as aforesaid."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The feminine gender, we are further told, is attributed to a +ship, "because a ship carries burdens, and therefore resembles a +pregnant woman."</p> +<p>But as the faith of 1850 in <i>The British Apollo</i>, with its +two thousand answers, may not be equal to the faith of 1740, what +dependence are we to place in the origin it attributes to two very +common words, a <i>bull</i>, and a <i>dun</i>?—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Why, when people speak improperly, is it termed a +bull?—It became a proverb from the repeated blunders of one +<i>Obadiah Bull</i>, a lawyer of London, who lived in the reign of +King Henry VII."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Now for the second,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Pray tell me whence you can derive the original of the word +<i>dun</i>? Some falsely think it comes from the French, where +<i>donnez</i> signifies <i>give me</i>, implying a demand of +something due; but the true original of this expression owes its +birth to one <i>Joe Dun</i>, a famous bailiff of the town of +Lincoln, so extremely active, and so dexterous at the management of +his rough business, that it became a proverb, when a man refused to +pay his debts, 'Why don't you <i>Dun</i> him?' that is, why don't +you send Dun to arrest him? Hence it grew a custom, and is now as +old as since the days of Henry VII."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Were these twin worthies, Obadiah Bull the lawyer, and Joe Dun +the bailiff, men of straw for the nonce, or veritable flesh and +blood? They both flourished, it appears, in the reign of Henry +VII.; and to me it is doubtful whether one reign could have +produced two worthies capable of cutting so deep a notch in the +English tongue.</p> +<p>"To dine with Duke Humphrey," we are told, arose from the +practice of those who had shared his dainties when alive being in +the habit of perambulating St. Paul's, where he was buried, at the +dining time of day; what dinner they then had, they had with Duke +Humphrey the defunct.</p> +<p>Your contributor MR. CUNNINGHAM will be able to decide as to the +value of the origin of Tyburn here given to us:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"As to the antiquity of Tyburn, it is no older than the year +1529; before that time, the place of execution was in <i>Rotten +Row</i> in <i>Old Street</i>. As for the etymology of the word +<i>Tyburn</i>, some will have it proceed from the words <i>tye</i> +and <i>burn</i>, alluding to the manner of executing traitors at +that place; others believe it took its name from a small river or +brook once running near it, and called by the Romans Tyburnia. +Whether the first or second is the truest, the querist may judge as +he thinks fit."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And so say I.</p> +<p>A readable volume might be compiled from these "NOTES AND +QUERIES," which amused our grandfathers; and the works I have +indicated will afford much curious matter in etymology, folk-lore, +topography, &c., to the modern antiquary.</p> +<p class="author">CORKSCREW.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>JAMES THE SECOND, HIS REMAINS.</h3> +<p>The following curious account was given to me by Mr. +Fitz-Simons, an Irish gentleman, upwards of eighty years of age, +with whom I became acquainted when resident with my family at +Toulouse, in September, 1840; he having resided in that city for +many years as a teacher of the French and English languages, and +had attended the late Sir William Follett in the former capacity +there in 1817. He said,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I was a prisoner in Paris, in the convent of the English +Benedictines in the Rue St. Jaques, during part of the revolution. +In the year 1793 or 1794, the body of King James II. of England was +in one of the chapels there, where it had been deposited some time, +under the expectation that it would one day be sent to England for +interment in Westminster Abbey. It had never been buried. The body +was in a wooden coffin, inclosed in a leaden one; and that again +inclosed in a second wooden one, covered with black velvet. That +while I was so a prisoner, the sans-culottes broke open the coffins +to get at the lead to cast into bullets. The body lay exposed +nearly a whole day. It was swaddled like a mummy, bound tight with +garters. The sans-culottes took out the body, which had been +embalmed. There was a strong smell of vinegar and camphor. The +corpse was beautiful and perfect. The hands and nails were very +fine, I moved and bent every finger. I never saw so fine a set of +teeth in my life. A young lady, a fellow prisoner, wished much to +have a tooth; I tried to get one out for her, but could not, they +were so firmly fixed. The feet also were very beautiful. The face +and cheeks were just as if he were alive. I rolled his eyes: the +eye-balls were perfectly firm under my finger. The French and +English prisoners <span class="pagenum"><a name="page244" id= +"page244"></a></span> gave money to the sans-culottes for +showing the body. They said he was a good sans-culotte, and they +were going to put him into a hole in the public churchyard like +other sans-culottes; and he was carried away, but where the body +was thrown I never heard. King George IV. tried all in his power to +get tidings of the body, but could not. Around the chapel were +several wax moulds of the face hung up, made probably at the time +of the king's death, and the corpse was very like them. The body +had been originally kept at the palace of St. Germain, from whence +it was brought to the convent of the Benedictines. Mr. Porter, the +prior, was a prisoner at the time in his own convent."</p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The above I took down from Mr. Fitz-Simons' own mouth, and read +it to him, and he said it was perfectly correct. Sir W. Follett +told me he thought Mr. Fitz-Simons was a runaway Vinegar Hill boy. +He told me that he was a monk.</p> +<p class="author">PITMAN JONES.</p> +<p>Exeter, Aug. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<p><i>The Legend of Sir Richard Baker</i> (vol. ii., p. +67.).—Will F.L. copy the inscription on the monument in +Cranbrook Church? The dates on it will test the veracity of the +legend. In the reign of Queen Mary, the representative of the +family was Sir John Baker, who in that, and the previous reigns of +Edward VI. and Henry VIII., had held some of the highest offices in +the kingdom. He had been Recorder of London, Speaker of the House +of Commons, Attorney-General and Chancellor of the Exchequer, and +died in the first year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. His son, +Sir Richard Baker, was twice high-sheriff of the county of Kent, +and had the honour of entertaining Queen Elizabeth in her progress +through the county. This was, most likely, the person whose +monument F.L. saw in Cranbrook Church. The family had been settled +there from the time of Edward III., and seem to have been adding +continually to their possessions; and at the time mentioned by F.L. +as that of their decline, namely, in the reign of Edward VI., they +were in reality increasing in wealth and dignities. If the Sir +Richard Baker whose monument is referred to by F.L. was the son of +the Sir John above mentioned, the circumstances of his life +disprove the legend. He was not the sole representative of the +family remaining at the accession of Queen Mary. His father was +then living, and at the death of his father his brother John +divided with him the representation of the family, and had many +descendants. The family estates were not dissipated; on the +contrary, they were handed down through successive generations, to +one of whom, a grandson of Sir Richard, the dignity of a baronet +was given; and Sivinghurst, which was the family seat, was in the +possession of the third and last baronet's grandson, E.S. Beagham, +in the year 1730. Add to this that the Sir Richard Baker in +question was twice married, and that a monumental erection of the +costly and honourable description mentioned by F.L. was allowed to +be placed to his memory in the chancel of the church of the parish +in which such Bluebeard atrocities are said to have been committed, +and abundant grounds will thence appear for rejecting the truth of +the legend in the absence of all evidence. The unfortunately red +colour of the gloves most likely gave rise to the story. Nor is +this a solitary instance of such a legend having such an origin. In +the beautiful parish church of Aston, in Warwickshire, are many +memorials of the Baronet family of Holt, who owned the adjoining +domain and hall, the latter of which still remains, a magnificent +specimen of Elizabethan architecture. Either in one of the +compartments of a painted window of the church, or upon a +monumental marble to one of the Holts, is the Ulster badge, as +showing the rank of the deceased, and painted red. From the colour +of the badge, a legend of the bloody hand has been created as +marvellous as that of the Bloody Baker, so fully detailed by +F.L.</p> +<p class="author">ST. JOHNS.</p> +<p class="note">[Will our correspondent favour us by communicating +the Aston Legend of the Holt Family to which he refers?]</p> +<p><i>Langley, Kent, Prophetic Spring at.</i>—The following +"note" upon a passage in <i>Warkworth's Chronicle</i> (pp. 23, 24.) +may perhaps possess sufficient interest to warrant its insertion in +your valuable little publication. The passage is curious, not only +as showing the superstitious dread with which a simple natural +phenomenon was regarded by educated and intelligent men four +centuries ago, but also as affording evidence of the accurate +observation of a writer, whose labours have shed considerable light +upon "one of the darkest periods in our annals." The chronicler is +recording the occurrence, in the thirteenth year of Edward the +Fourth, of a "gret hote somere," which caused much mortality, and +"unyversalle fevers, axes, and the blody flyx in dyverse places of +Englonde," and also occasioned great dearth and famine "in the +southe partyes of the worlde."</p> +<p>He then remarks that "dyverse tokenes have be schewede in +Englonde this year for amendynge of mannys lyvynge," and proceeds +to enumerate several springs or waters in various places, which +only ran at intervals, and by their running always portended +"derthe, pestylence, or grete batayle." After mentioning several of +these, he adds—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Also ther is a pytte in Kent in Langley Parke: ayens any +batayle he wille be drye, and it rayne neveyre so myche; and if +ther be no batayle toward, he wille be fulle of watere, be it +neveyre so drye a wethyre; and this yere he is drye."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Langley Park, situated in a parish of the same <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page245" id="page245"></a></span> name, +about four miles to the south-east of Maidstone, and once the +residence of the Leybournes and other families, well-known in +Kentish history, has long existed only in name, having been +disparked prior to 1570; but the "pytte," or stream, whose wondrous +qualities are so quaintly described by Warkworth, still flows at +intervals. It is scarcely necessary to add, that it belongs to the +class known as <i>intermitting springs</i>, the phenomena displayed +by which are easily explained by the syphon-like construction of +the natural reservoirs whence they are supplied.</p> +<p>I have never heard that any remnant of this curious superstition +can now be traced in the neighbourhood, but persons long acquainted +with the spot have told me that the state of the stream was +formerly looked upon as a good index of the probable future price +of corn. The same causes, which regulated the supply or deficiency +of water, would doubtless also affect the fertility of the +soil.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD R.J. HOWE.</p> +<p>Chancery Lane, Aug. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> +<p><i>Poem by Malherbe</i> (Vol. ii., p. 104.).—Possibly your +correspondent MR. SINGER may not be aware of the fact that the +beauty of the fourth stanza of Malherbe's Ode on the Death of +Rosette Duperrier is owing to a typographical error. The poet had +written in his MS.—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Et Rosette a vécu ce que vivent les roses," &c.,</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>omitting to cross his <i>t</i>'s, which the compositor took for +<i>l</i>'s, and set up <i>Roselle</i>. On receiving the +proof-sheet, at the passage in question a sudden light burst upon +Malherbe; of <i>Roselle</i> he made two words, and put in two +beautiful lines—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Et Rose, elle a vécu ce que vivent les roses,</p> +<p>L'espace d'un matin."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>(See <i>Français peints par eux-mémes</i>, vol. +ii. p. 270.)</p> +<p class="author">P.S. KING.</p> +<p>Kennington.</p> +<p><i>Travels of Two English Pilgrims.</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A True and Strange Discourse of the Travailes of Two English +Pilgrimes: what admirable Accidents befell them in their Journey to +Jerusalem, Gaza, Grand Cayro, Alexandria, and other places. Also, +what rare Antiquities, Monuments, and notable Memories (concording +with the Ancient Remembrances in the Holy Scriptures), they sawe in +the Terra Sancta; with a perfect Description of the Old and New +Jerusalem, and Situation of the Countries about them. A Discourse +of no lesse Admiration, then well worth the regarding: written by +one of them on the behalfe of himselfe and his fellowe Pilgrime. +Imprinted at London for Thomas Archer, and are to be solde at his +Shoppe, by the Royall Exchange. 1603."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>A copy of this 4to. tract, formerly in the hands of Francis +Meres, the author of <i>Wit's Commonwealth</i>, has the following +MS. note:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Timberley, dwellinge on Tower Hill, a maister of a ship, made +this booke, as Mr. Anthony Mundye tould me. Thomas, at Mrs. +Gosson's, sent my wyfe this booke for a token, February 15. A.D. +1602."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">P.B.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> +<h3>QUOTATIONS IN BISHOP ANDREWES' TORTURA TORTI.</h3> +<p>Can any of your contributors help me to ascertain the following +quotations which occur in Bishop Andrewes' <i>Tortura +Torti</i>?</p> +<p>P. 49.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Si clavem potestatis non præcedat clavis +discretionis."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>P. 58.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Dispensationes nihil aliud esse quam legum vulnera."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>P. 58.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Non dispensatio est, sed dissipatio."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This, though not marked as a quotation, is, I believe, in <i>S. +Bernard</i>.</p> +<p>P. 183.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Et quæ de septem totum circumspicit orbem Montibus, +imperii Roma Deûmque locus."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>P. 225.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Nemo pius, qui pietatem cavet."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>P. 185.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Minutuli et patellares Dei."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I should also be glad to ascertain whence the following passages +are derived, which he quotes in his <i>Responsio ad +Apologiam</i>?</p> +<p>P. 48.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"[Greek: to gar trephon me tout ego kalo theon.]"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>P. 145.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Vanæ sine viribus iræ."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>P. 119. occurs the "versiculus,"</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Perdere quos vult hos dementat;"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>the source of which some of your contributors have endeavoured +to ascertain.</p> +<p class="author">JAMES BLISS.</p> +<p>Ogbourne St. Andrew.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>The Spider and the Fly.</i>—Can any of your readers, +gentle or simple, senile or juvenile, inform me, through the medium +of your useful and agreeable periodical, in what collection of +nursery rhymes a poem called, I think, "The Spider and Fly," +occurs, and if procurable, where? The lines I allude to consisted, +to the best of my recollection, of a dialogue between a fly and a +spider, and began thus:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page246" id= "page246"></a></span> +<i>Fly</i>. Spider, spider, what do you spin?</p> +<p><i>Spider</i>. Mainsails for a man-of war.</p> +<p><i>Fly</i>. Spider, spider, 'tis too thin.</p> +<p class="i4">Tell me truly, what 'tis for.</p> +<p><i>Spider</i>. 'Tis for curtains for the king,</p> +<p class="i4">When he lies in his state bed.</p> +<p><i>Fly</i>. Spider, 'tis too mean a thing,</p> +<p class="i4">Tell me why your toils you spread.</p> +<p class="i4">&c. &c. &c.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>There were other stanzas, I believe, but these are all I can +remember. My notion is, that the verses in question form part of a +collection of nursery songs and rhymes by Charles Lamb, published +many years ago, but now quite out of print. This, however, is a +mere surmise on my part, and has no better foundation than the vein +of humour, sprightliness, and originality, obvious enough in the +above extract, which we find running through and adorning all he +wrote. "Nihil quod tetigit non ornavit."</p> +<p class="author">S.J.</p> +<p><i>A Lexicon of Types.</i>—Can any of your readers inform +me of the existence of a collection of emblems or types? I do not +mean allegorical pictures, but isolated symbols, alphabetically +arranged or otherwise.</p> +<p>Types are constantly to be met with upon monuments, coins, and +ancient title-pages, but so mixed with other matters as to render +the finding a desired symbol, unless very familiar, a work of great +difficulty. Could there be a systematic arrangement of all those +known, with their definitions, it would be a very valuable work of +reference,—a work in which one might pounce upon all the +sacred symbols, classic types, signs, heraldic zoology, +conventional botany, monograms, and the like abstract art.</p> +<p class="author">LUKE LIMNER.</p> +<p><i>Montaigne, Select Essays of.</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Essays selected from Montaigne, with a Sketch of the Life of +the Author. London. For P. Cadell, &c. 1800."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This volume is dedicated to the Rev. William Coxe, rector of +Bemerton.</p> +<p>The life of Montaigne is dated the 28th of March, 1800, and +signed <i>Honoria</i>. At the end of the book is this +advertisement:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Lately published by the same Author 'The Female Mentor.' 2d +edit., in 2 vols. 12mo."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Who was <i>Honoria</i>? and are these <i>essays</i> a scarce +book in England? In France it is entirely unknown to the numerous +commentators on Montaigne's works.</p> +<p class="author">O.D.</p> +<p><i>Custom of wearing the Breast uncovered in Elizabeth's +Reign.</i>—Fynes Moryson, in a well-known passage of his +<i>Itinerary</i>, (which I suppose I need not transcribe), tells us +that unmarried females and young married women wore the breasts +uncovered in Queen Elizabeth's reign. This is the custom in many +parts of the East. Lamartine mentions it in his pretty description +of Mademoiselle Malagambe: he adds, "it is the custom of the Arab +females." When did this curious custom commence in England, and +when did it go out of fashion?</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>Milton's Lycidas.</i>—In a Dublin edition of Milton's +<i>Paradise Lost</i> (1765), in a memoir prefixed I find the +following explanation of than rather obscure passage in +<i>Lycidas</i>:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Besides what the grim wolf, with privy paw,</p> +<p>Daily devours apace, and nothing said;</p> +<p>But that two-handed engine at the door</p> +<p>Stands ready to smite once, and smite no more."</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>"This poem is not all made up of sorrow and tenderness, there is +a mixture of satire and indignation: for in part of it, the poet +taketh occasion to inveigh against the corruptions of the clergy, +and seemeth to have first discovered his acrimony against Arb. +Laud, and to have threatened him with the loss of his head, which +afterwards happened to him thorough the fury of his enemies. At +least I can think of no sense so proper to be given to these verses +in Lycidas." (p. vii.)</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Perhaps some of your numerous correspondents will kindly inform +me of the meaning or meanings usually assigned to this passage.</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>Sitting during the Lessons.</i>—What is the origin of +the congregation remaining seated, while the first and second +lessons are read, in the church service? The rubric is silent on +the subject; it merely directs that the person who reads them shall +stand:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"He that readeth so standing and turning himself, as he may best +be heard of all such as are present."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>With respect to the practice of sitting while the epistle is +read, and of standing while the gospel is read, in the communion +service; there is in the rubric a distinct direction that "all the +people are to stand up" during the latter, while it is silent as to +the former. From the silence of the rubric as to standing during +the two lessons of the morning service, and the epistle in the +communion service, it seems to have been inferred that the people +were to sit. But why are they directed to stand during the gospel +in the communion service, while they sit during the second lesson +in the morning service?</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<p><i>Blew-Beer.</i>—Sir, having taken a Note according to +your very sound advice, I addressed a letter to the <i>John +Bull</i> newspaper, which was published on Saturday, Feb. 16. It +contained an extract from a political tract, entitled,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The true History of Betty Ireland, with some Account of her +Sister Blanche of Brittain. Printed for J. Robinson, at the Golden +Lion in Ludgate Street, MDCCLIII. (1753)."</p> +</blockquote> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page247" id= "page247"></a></span> +In allusion to the English the following passage occurs,—</p> + +<blockquote> +<p>"But they forget, they are all so idle and debauched, such +gobbling and drinking rascals, and expensive in <i>blew-beer</i>," +&c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Query the unde derivatur of <i>blew-beer</i>, and if it is to be +taken in the same sense as the modern phrase of "blue ruin," and if +so, the cause of the change or history of both expressions?</p> +<p class="author">H.</p> +<p><i>Carpatio.</i>—I have lately met with a large aquatinted +engraving, bearing the following descriptive title: "Angliæ +Regis Legati inspiciuntur Sponsam petentes Filiam Dionati +Cornubiæ Regis pro Anglo Principe." The costume of the +figures is of the latter half of the fifteenth century. The +painter's name appears on a scroll, OP. VICTOR CARPATIO VENETI. The +copy of the picture for engraving was drawn by Giovanni de Pian, +and engraved by the same person and Francesco Gallimberti, at +Venice. I do not find the name of Carpatio in the ordinary +dictionaries of painters, and shall be glad to learn whether he has +here represented an historical event, or an incident of some +mediæval romance. I suspect the latter must be the case, as +<i>Cornubia</i> is the Latin word used for Cornwall, and I am not +aware of its having any other application. Is this print the only +one of the kind, or is it one of a set?</p> +<p class="author">J.G.N.</p> +<p><i>Value of Money in Reign of Charles II.</i>—Will any of +your correspondents inform me of the value of 1000<i>l.</i> circa +Charles II. in present money, and the mode in which the difference +is estimated?</p> +<p class="author">DION X.</p> +<p><i>Bishop Berkeley—Adventures of Gaudentio di +Lucca.</i>—I have a volume containing the adventures of +Signor Gaudentio di Lucca, with his examination before the +Inquisition of Bologna. In a bookseller's catalogue I have seen it +ascribed to Bishop Berkeley. Can any of your readers inform me who +was the author, or give me any particulars as to the book?</p> +<p class="author">IOTA.</p> +<p><i>Cupid and Psyche.</i>—Can any of your learned +correspondents inform me whether the fable of Cupid and Psyche was +invented by Apuleius; or whether he made use of a superstition then +current, turning it, as it suited his purpose, into the beautiful +fable which has been handed down to us as his composition?</p> +<p class="author">W.M.</p> +<p><i>Zünd-nadel Guns.</i>—In paper of September or +October last, I saw a letter dated Berlin, Sept. 11, which +commenced—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"We have had this morning a splendid military spectacle, and +being the first of the kind since the revolution, attracted immense +crowds to the scene of action."</p> +<p>"The Fusileer battalions (light infantry) were all armed with +the new zünd-nadel guns, the advantages and superiority of +which over the common percussion musket now admits of no +contradiction, with the sole exception of the facility of loading +being an inducement to fire somewhat too quick, when firing +independently, as in battle, or when acting en tirailleur. The +invincible pedantry and amour-propre of our armourers and +inspectors of arms in England, their disinclination to adopt +inventions not of English growth, and their slowness to avail +themselves of new models until they are no longer new, will, +undoubtedly, exercise the usual influence over giving this powerful +weapon even a chance in England. It is scarcely necessary to point +out the great advantages that these weapons, carrying, let us say, +800 yards with perfect accuracy, have over our muskets, of which +the range does not exceed 150, and that very uncertain. Another +great advantage of the zünd-nadel is, that rifles or light +infantry can load with ease without effort when lying flat on the +ground. The opponents of the zünd-nadel talk of over-rapid +firing and the impossibility of carrying sufficient ammunition to +supply the demands. This is certainly a drawback, but it is +compensated by the immense advantage of being able to pour in a +deadly fire when you yourself are out of range, or of continuing +this fire so speedily as to destroy half your opponents before they +can return a shot with a chance of taking effect."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This was the first intimation I ever had of the zünd-nadel +guns. I should like to know when and by whom they were invented, +and their mechanism.</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>Bacon Family, Origin of the Name.</i>—Among the able +notes, or the <i>not</i>-able Queries of a recent Number, (I regret +that I have it not at hand, for an exact quotation), a learned +correspondent mentioned, <i>en passant</i>, that the word +<i>bacon</i> had the obsolete signification of "<i>dried wood</i>." +As a patronymic, BACON has been not a little illustrious, in +literature, science, and art; and it would be interesting to know +whether the name has its origin in the crackling fagot or in the +cured flitch. Can any of your genealogical correspondents help me +to authority on the subject?</p> +<p>A modern motto of the Somersetshire Bacons has an ingenious +rebus:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>ProBa-conSCIENTIA;</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>the capitals, thus placed, giving it the double reading, Proba +coniscientia, and Pro Bacon Scientia.</p> +<p class="author">NOCAB.</p> +<p><i>Armorials.</i>—Sable, a fesse or, in chief two fleurs +de lis or, in base a hind courant argent. E.D.B. will feel grateful +to any gentlemen who will kindly inform him of the name of the +family to which the above coat belonged. They were quartered by +Richard or Roger Barow, of Wynthorpe, in Lincolnshire (<i>Harl. +MS.</i> 1552. 42 <i>b</i>), who died in 1505.</p> +<p class="author">E.D.B.</p> +<p><i>Artephius, the Chemical Philosopher.</i>—What is known +of the chemical philosopher Artephius? He is mentioned in Jocker's +<i>Dictionary</i>, and by Roger Bacon (in the <i>Opus Majus</i> and +elsewhere), <span class="pagenum"><a name="page248" id= +"page248"></a></span> and a tract ascribed to him is printed +in the <i>Theatrum Chemicum</i>.</p> +<p class="author">E.</p> +<p><i>Sir Robert Howard.</i>—Can any reader assist me in +finding out the author of</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A Discourse of the Nationall Excellencies of England. By R.H., +London. Printed by Thomas Newcomb for Henry Fletcher, at the Three +Gilt Cups in the New Buildings, near the west end of St. Paul's, +1658. 12 mo., pp. 248."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This is a very remarkable work, written in an admirable style, +and wholly free from the coarse party spirit which then generally +prevailed. The writer declares, p. 235., he had not subscribed the +engagement, and there are internal evidences of his being a +churchman and a monarchist. Is there any proof of its having been +written by Sir Robert Howard? A former possessor of the copy now +before me, has written his name on the title-page as its +conjectured author. My copy of Sir Robert's <i>Poems</i>, published +two years after, was published not by <i>Fletcher</i>, but by +"Henry Herringman, at the sign of the Anchor, in the lower walk of +the New Exchange." John Dryden, Sir Robert's brother-in-law, in the +complimentary stanzas on Howard's poems, says,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"To write worthy things of worthy men,</p> +<p>Is the peculiar talent of your pen."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I would further inquire if a reason can be assigned for the +omission from Sir Robert Howard's collected plays of <i>The Blind +Lady</i>, the only dramatic piece given in the volume of poems of +1660. My copy is the third edition, published by Tonson, 1722.</p> +<p class="author">A.B.R.</p> +<p><i>Crozier and Pastoral Staff.</i>—What is the real +difference between a crozier and a pastoral staff?</p> +<p class="author">I.Z.P.</p> +<p><i>Marks of Cadency.</i>—The copious manner in which your +correspondent E.K. (Vol. ii., p. 221.) has answered the question as +to the "when and why" of the unicorn being introduced as one of the +supporters of the royal arms, induces me to think that he will +readily and satisfactorily respond to an heraldic inquiry of a +somewhat more intricate nature.</p> +<p>What were the peculiar marks of cadency used by the heirs to the +crown, apparent and presumptive, after the accession of the +Stuarts? For example, what were the changes, if any, upon the label +or file of difference used in the coat-armour of Henry, Prince of +Wales, eldest son of James I., and of his brother Charles, when +Prince of Wales, and so on, to the present time?</p> +<p><i>Miniature Gibbet, &c.</i>—A correspondent of the +<i>Times</i> newspaper has recently given the following account of +an occurrence which took place about twenty-five years ago, and the +concluding ceremony of which he personally witnessed:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A man had been condemned to be hung for murder. On the Sunday +morning previous to the sentence being carried into execution, he +contrived to commit suicide in the prison by cutting his throat +with a razor. On Monday morning, according to the then custom, his +body was brought out from Newgate in a cart; and after Jack Ketch +had exhibited to the people a small model gallows, with a razor +hanging therefrom, in the presence of the sheriffs and city +authorities, he was thrown into a hole dug for that purpose. A +stake was driven through his body, and a quantity of lime thrown in +over it."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Will any correspondent of "NOTES AND QUERIES" give a solution of +this extraordinary exhibition? Had the sheriffs and city +authorities any legal sanction for Jack Ketch's disgusting part in +the performances? What are the meaning and origin of driving a +stake through the body of a suicide?</p> +<p class="author">A.G.</p> +<p>Ecclesfield</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES</h2> +<h3>COLLAR OF SS.</h3> +<p>If you desire proof of the great utility of your publication, +methinks there is a goodly quantum of it in the very interesting +and valuable information on the Collar of SS., which the short +simple question of B. (Vol. ii., p. 89.) has drawn forth; all +tending to illustrate a mooted historical question:—first, in +the reply of [Greek: Phi.] (Vol. ii., p. 110.), giving reference to +the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, with two <i>rider</i>-Queries; +then MR. NICHOLS'S announcement (Vol. ii., p. 140.) of a +forthcoming volume on the subject, and a reply in part to the Query +of [Greek: Phi.]; then (Vol. ii, p. 171.) MR. E. FOSS, as to the +<i>rank</i> of the legal worthies allowed to wear this badge of +honour; and next (Vol. ii., p. 194.) an ARMIGER, who, though he +rides rather high on the subject, over all the Querists and +Replyists, deserves many thanks for his very instructive and +scholarlike dissertation.</p> +<p>What the S. signifies has evidently been a puzzle. That a chain +is a badge of honour, there can be no doubt; but may not the +<i>Esses</i>, after all, mean nothing at all? originating in the +simple S. link, a form often used in chain-work, and under the name +of S. A series of such, linked together, would produce an elegant +design, which in the course of years would be wrought more like the +letter, and be embellished and varied according to the skill and +taste of the workman, and so, that which at first had no particular +meaning, and was merely accidental, would, after a time, be +<i>supposed</i> to be the <i>initial letters</i> of what is now +only guessed at, or be involved in heraldic mystery. As for [Greek: +Phi.]'s rider-Query (Vol ii., p. 110.), repeated by MR. FOSS (Vol. +ii., p. 171.), as to dates,—it may be one step towards a +reply if I here mention, that in Yatton Church, Somerset, there +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page249" id= +"page249"></a></span> is a beautifully wrought alabaster +monument, without inscription, but traditionally ascribed to judge +Newton, alias Cradock, and his wife Emma de Wyke. There can be no +doubt, from the costume, that the effigy is that of a judge, and +under his robes is visible the Collar of Esses. The monument is in +what is called the Wyke aisle or chapel. That it is Cradock's, is +confirmed by a garb or wheat-sheaf, on which his head is laid. (The +arms of Cradock are, Arg. on a chevron az. 3 <i>garbs</i> or.) +Besides, in the very interesting accounts of the churchwardens of +the parish, annis 1450-1, among the receipts there is this +entry:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It.: Recipim. de Dnà de Wyke p. man. T. Newton filii sui +de legato Dni. Riei. Newton ad —— p. campana ... +xx."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Richard Cradock was the first of his family who took the name of +Newton, and I have been informed that the last fine levied before +him was, Oct. Mart. 27 Hen. VI. (Nov. 1448), proving that the +canopied altar tomb in Bristol Cathedral, assigned to him, and +recording that he died 1444, must be an error. It is stated, that +the latter monument was defaced during the civil wars, and repaired +in 1747, which is, probably, all that is true of it. But this would +carry me into another subject, to which, perhaps, I may be allowed +to return some other day. However, we have got a date for the use +of the collar by the <i>chief</i> judges, <i>earlier</i> than that +assigned by MR. FOSS, and it is somewhat confirmatory of what he +tells us, that it was not worn by any of the <i>puisne</i> +order.</p> +<p class="author">H.T. ELLACOMBE.</p> +<p>Bitton, Aug. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<p><i>The Livery Collar of SS.</i>—Though ARMIGER (Vol. ii., +p. 194.) has not adduced any facts on this subject that were +previously unknown to me, he has advanced some misstatements and +advocated some erroneous notions, which it may be desirable at once +to oppose and contradict; inasmuch as they are calculated to +envelope in fresh obscurity certain particulars, which it was the +object of my former researches to set forth in their true light. +And first, I beg to say that with respect to the "four +inaccuracies" with which he charges me, I do not plead guilty to +any of them. 1st. When B. asked the question, "Is there any list of +persons who were honoured with that badge?" it was evident that he +meant, Is there any list of the names of such persons, as of the +Knights of the Garter or the Bath? and I correctly answered, No: +for there still is no such list. The description of the classes of +persons who might use the collar in the 2 Hen. IV. is not such a +list as B. asked for. 2dly. Where I said "That persons were not +honoured with the badge, in the sense that persons are now +decorated with stars, crosses, or medals," I am again unrefuted by +the statute of 2 Hen. IV., and fully supported by many historical +facts. I repeat that the livery collar was not worn as a badge of +honour, but as a badge of feudal allegiance. It seems to have been +regarded as giving certain weight and authority to the wearer, and, +therefore, was only to be worn in the king's presence, or in coming +to and from the king's hostel, except by the higher ranks; and this +entirely confirms my view. Had it been a mere personal decoration, +like the collar of an order of knighthood, there would have been no +reason for such prohibition; but as it conveyed the impression that +the wearer was especially one of the king's immediate military or +household servants, and invested with certain power or influence on +that ground, therefore its assumption away from the neighbourhood +of the court was prohibited, except to individuals otherwise well +known from their personal rank and station. 3dly. When ARMIGER +declares I am wrong in saying "That the collar was <i>assumed</i>," +I have every reason to believe I am still right. I may admit that, +if it was literally a livery, it would be worn only by those to +whom the king gave it; but my present impression is, that it was +termed the king's livery, as being of the pattern which was +originally distributed by the king, or by the Duke of Lancaster his +father, to his immediate adherents, but which was afterwards +<i>assumed</i> by all who were anxious to assert their loyalty, or +distinguish their partizanship as true Lancastrians; so that the +statute of 2 Hen. IV. was rendered necessary to restrain its undue +and extravagant <i>assumption</i>, for sundry good political +reasons, some notion of which may be gathered by perusing the poem +on the deposition of Richard II. published by the Camden Society. +And 4thly, Where ARMIGER disputes my conclusion, that the assumers +were, so far as can be ascertained, those who were attached to the +royal household or service, it will be perceived, by what I have +already stated, that I still adhere to that conclusion. I do not, +therefore, admit that the statute of 2 Henry IV. shows me to be +incorrect in any one of those four particulars. ARMIGER next +proceeds to allude to Manlius Torquatus, who won and wore the +golden torc of a vanquished Gaul: but this story only goes to prove +that the collar of the Roman <i>torquati</i> originated in a +totally different way from the Lancastrian collar of livery. +ARMIGER goes on to enumerate the several derivations of the Collar +of Esses—from the initial letter of <i>Soverayne</i>, from +<i>St. Simplicius</i>, from <i>St. Crispin</i> and <i>St. +Crispinian</i>, the martyrs of Soissons, from the <i>Countess of +Salisbury</i>, from the word <i>Souvenez</i>, and lastly, from the +office of <i>Seneschalus</i>, or Steward of England, held by John +of Ghent,—which is, as he says, "Mr. Nichols's notion," but +the whole of which he stigmatises alike "as mere monkish or +heraldic gossip;" and, finally, he proceeds to unfold his own +recondite discovery, "viz. that it comes from the S-shaped lever +upon the bit <span class="pagenum"><a name="page250" id= +"page250"></a></span> of the bridle of the war steed,"—a +conjecture which will assuredly have fewer adherents than any one +of its predecessors. But now comes forth the disclosure of what +school of heraldry this ARMIGER is the champion. He is one who can +tell us of "many more rights and privileges than are dreamt of in +the philosophy either of the court of St. James's or the college of +St. Bennet's Hill!" In short, he is the mouthpiece of "the +Baronets' Committee for Privileges." And this is the law which he +lays down:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The persons now privileged to wear the ancient golden collar of +SS. are the <i>equites aurati</i>, or knights (chevaliers) in the +British monarchy, a body which includes all the hereditary order of +baronets in England, Scotland, and Ireland, with such of their +eldest sons, being of age, as choose to claim inauguration as +knights."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Here we have a full confession of a large part of the faith of +the Baronets' Committee,—a committee of which the greater +number of those who lent their names to it are probably by this +time heartily ashamed. It is the doctrine held forth in several +works on the Baronetage compiled by a person calling himself "Sir +Richard Broun," of whom we read in Dodd's <i>Baronetage</i>, that +"previous to succeeding his father, he demanded inauguration as a +knight, in the capacity of a baronet's eldest son; but the Lord +Chamberlain having refused to present him to the Queen for that +purpose, he assumed the title of 'Sir,' and the addition of 'Eques +Auratus,' in June, 1842." So we see that ARMIGER and the Lord +Chamberlain are at variance as to part of the law above cited; and +so, it might be added, have been other legal authorities, to the +privileges asserted by the mouthpiece of the said committee. But +that is a long story, on which I do not intend here to enter. I had +not forgotten that in one of the publications of Sir Richard Broun +the armorial coat of the premier baronet of each division is +represented encircled with a Collar of Esses; but I should never +have thought of alluding to this freak, except as an amusing +instance of fantastic assumption. I will now confine myself to what +has appeared in the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES;" and, more +particularly, to the unfounded assertion of ARMIGER in p. 194., +"that the golden Collar of SS. was the undoubted badge or mark of a +knight, <i>eques auratus</i>;" which he follows up by the dictum +already quoted, that "the persons now privileged to wear the +ancient golden Collar of SS. are the <i>equites aurati</i>." I +believe it is generally admitted that knights were <i>equites +aurati</i> because they wore golden or gilt spurs; certainly it was +not because they wore golden collars, as ARMIGER seems to wish us +to believe; and the best proof that the Collar of Esses was not the +badge of a knight, as such, at the time when such collars were most +worn, in the fifteenth century, is this—that the monumental +effigies and sepulchral brasses of many knights at that time are +still extant which have no Collar of Esses; whilst the Collar of +Esses appears only on the figures of a limited number, who were +undoubtedly such as wished to profess their especial adherence to +the royal House of Lancaster.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SIR GREGORY NORTON, BART.</h3> + +<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 216.)</h4> + +<p>The creation of the baronetcy of <i>Norton</i>, of Rotherfield, +in East Tysted, co. Hants, took place in the person of Sir Richard +Norton, of Rotherfield, Kt., 23d May, 1622, and <i>expired</i> with +him on his death without male issue in 1652.</p> +<p>The style of Baronet, in the case of <i>Sir Gregory Norton</i>, +the <i>regicide</i>, was an assumption not uncommon in those days; +as in the case of <i>Prettyman</i> of Lodington, and others.</p> +<p>The regicide in his will styles himself "Sir Richard Norton, of +Paul's, Covent Garden, in the county of Middlesex, Bart." It bears +date 12th March, 1651, and was proved by his relict, Dame Martha +Norton, 24th Sept., 1652. He states that his land at Penn, in the +county of Bucks, was <i>mortgaged</i>, and mentions his +"disobedient son, Henrie Norton;" and desires his burial-place may +be at Richmond, co. Surrey.</p> +<p>The descent of Gregory Norton is not known. There is no evidence +of his connexion with the Rotherfield or Southwick Nortons. His +assumption of the title was not under any claim he could have had, +real or imaginary, connected with the Rotherfield patent; for he +uses the title at the same time with Sir Richard of Rotherfield, +whose will is dated 26th July, 1652, and not proved till 5th Oct, +1652, when Sir Gregory was dead; and, what is singular, the will of +Sir Richard was proved by his brother, John Norton, by the style of +<i>Baronet</i>, to which he could have had no pretension, as Sir +Richard died without male issue, and there was no limitation of the +patent of 1622 on failure of heirs male of the body of the +grantee.</p> +<p class="author">G.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>SHAKSPEARE'S WORD "DELIGHTED."</h3> +<p>That the Shakspearian word <i>delighted</i> might, as far as its +form goes, mean "endowed with delight," "full of delight," I should +readily concede; but this meaning would suit neither the passage in +<i>Measure for Measure</i>,—"the delighted spirit,"—nor +(satisfactorily) that in <i>Othello</i>,—"delighted beauty." +Whether, therefore, <i>delighted</i> be derived from the Latin +<i>delectus</i> or not, I still believe that it means "refined," +"dainty," "delicate;" a sense which is curiously adapted to each of +the three places. This will not be questioned with respect to the +second and third passages cited by <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page251" id="page251"></a></span> MR. HICKSON: and the +following citations will, I think, prove the point as effectually +for the passage of <i>Measure for Measure</i>:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>1. "<i>Fine</i> apparition".—<i>Tempest</i>, Act i. sc. +2.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>2. "Spirit, <i>fine</i> spirit."—Ditto.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>3. "<i>Delicate</i> Ariel."—Ditto.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>4. "And, for thou wast a spirit too <i>delicate</i>,</p> +<p class="i4">To act her <i>earthy</i> and abhorred commands."</p> +<p class="i10">Ditto.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>5. "<i>Fine</i> Ariel."—Ditto.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>6. "My <i>delicate</i> Ariel."—Ditto. Act iv. sc. 1.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>7. "Why that's my <i>dainty</i> Ariel."—Ditto. Act v.</p> +<p class="i4">sc. 1.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I do not know the precise nature of the "old authorities" which +MR. SINGER opposes to my conjecture: but may we not demur to the +conclusiveness of any "old authorities" on such a point? Etymology +seems to be one of the developing sciences, in which we know more, +and better, than our forefathers, as our descendants will know +more, and better, than we do.</p> +<p>To end with a brace of queries. Are not <i>delicioe</i>, +<i>delicatus</i>, more probably from <i>deligere</i> than from +<i>delicere</i>? And whence comes the word <i>dainty</i>? I cannot +believe in the derivation from <i>dens</i>, "a tooth."</p> +<p class="author">B.H. KENNEDY.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>AËROSTATION.</h3> +<p>Your correspondent C.B.M. (Vol. ii., p 199.) will find a long +article on <i>Aërostation</i> in Rees' +<i>Cyclopædia</i>; but his inquiry reminds me of a +conversation I had with the late Sir Anthony Carlisle, about a year +before his death. He wished to consult me on the subject of flying +by mechanical means, and that I should assist him in some of his +arrangements. He had devoted many years of his life to the +consideration of this subject, and made numerous experiments at +great cost, which induced him to believe in the possibility of +enabling man to fly by means of artificial wings. However visionary +this idea might be, he had collected innumerable and extremely +interesting data, having examined the anatomical structure of +almost every winged thing in the creation, and compared the weight +of the body with the area of the wings when expanded in the act of +volitation as well as the natural habits of birds, insects, bats, +and fishes, with reference to their powers of flying and duration +of flight.</p> +<p>These notes would form a valuable addition to natural history, +whatever might be thought of the purpose for which they were +collected, during a period of thirty years; and it is much to be +regretted they were never published. His own opinion was, that the +publication, during his life would injure his practice as a +physician. It would be impossible without the aid of diagrams, and +I do not remember sufficient, to explain his mechanical +contrivances; but the general principle was, to suspend the man +under a kind of flat parachute of extremely thin +<i>feather-edge</i> boards, with a power of adjusting the angle at +which it was placed, and allowing the man the full use of his arms +and legs to work any machinery placed beneath; the area of the +parachute being proportioned, as in birds to the weight of the man, +who was to start from the top of a high tower, or some elevated +position, flying against the wind.</p> +<p class="author">HENRY WILKINSON.</p> +<p>Brompton.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Long Lonkin</i> (Vol. ii., p. 168.).—If SELEUCUS will +refer to Mr. Chamber's <i>Collection of Scottish Ballads</i>, he +will find there the whole story under the name of Lammilsin, of +which Lonkin appears to me to be a corruption. In the 6th verse it +is rendered:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"He said to his ladye fair,</p> +<p>Before he gaed abuird,</p> +<p>Beware, beware o, Lammilsin!</p> +<p>For he lyeth in the wudde."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Then the story goes on to state that Lammilsin crept in at a +little shot window, and after some conversation with the "fause +nourrice" they decide to</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Stab the babe, and make it cry,</p> +<p>And that will bring her down."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Which being done, they murder the unhappy lady. Shortly after, +Lord Weirie comes home, and has the "fause nourrice" burnt at the +stake. From the circumstance that the name of the husband of the +murdered lady was Weirie, it is conjectured that this tragedy took +place at Balwearie Castle, in Fife, and the old people about there +constantly affirm that it really occurred. I am not aware that +there exists any connection between the hero of this story and the +<i>nursery rhyme</i>; for, as I before stated, I think Lonkin a +corruption of Lammilsin.</p> +<p class="author">H.H.C.</p> +<p><i>Rowley Powley</i> (Vol. ii., p. 74.).—Andre Valladier, +who died about the middle of the sixteenth century, was a popular +preacher and the king's almoner. He gained great applause for his +funeral oration on Henry IV. In his sermon for the second Sunday in +Lent (Rouen, 1628), he says;—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Le paon est gentil et miste, bien que par la parfaite +beauté de sa houppe, par la rareté et noblesse de sa +teste, par la gentilesse et netteté de son cou, par +l'ornement de ses pennes et par la majesté de tout le reste +de son corps, il ravit tous ceux qui le contemplent attentivement; +toutefois au rencontre de sa femelle, pour l'attirer à son +amour, il déploye sa pompe, fait montrer et parade de son +plumage bizarré, et RIOLLÉ PIOLLÉ se presente +à elle avec piafe, et luy donne la plus belle visée +de sa roue. De mesme ce Dieu admirable, amoreux des hommes, pour +nous ravir d'amour à soy, desploye le lustre de ses plus +accomplies beautez, et comme un amant transporté de sa +bienaimée se <span class="pagenum"><a name="page252" id= +"page252"></a></span> montre pour nous allecher à +cetter transformation de nous en luy, de nostre misère en sa +gloire."—Ap. <i>Predicatoriuna</i> p. 132-3: Dijon, 1841.</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">H.B.C.</p> +<p><i>Guy's Armour</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 55. 187.).—With respect +to the armour said to have belonged to Guy, Earl of Warwick, your +correspondent NASO is referred to Grose's <i>Military +Antiquities</i>, vol. ii. pl. 42., where he will find an engraving +of a bascinet of the fourteenth century, much dilapidated, but +having still a fragment of the moveable vizor adhering to the pivot +on which it worked. Whether this interesting relic is still at +Warwick Castle or not, I cannot pretend to say, as I was +unfortunately prevented joining the British Archæological +Association at the Warwick congress in 1847, and have never visited +that part of the country; but the bascinet which was there in +Grose's time was at least of the date of Guido de Beauchamp, Earl +of Warwick, the builder of Guy's Tower, who died in 1315, and who +has always been confounded with the fabulous Guy: and if it has +disappeared, we have to regret the loss of the only specimen of an +English bascinet of that period that I am aware of in this +country.</p> +<p class="author">J.R. PLANCHÊ</p> +<p><i>Alarm</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 151. 183.).—The origin of this +word appears to be the Italian cry, <i>all'arme; gridare +all'arme</i> is to give the alarm. Hence the French <i>alarme</i>, +and from the French is borrowed the English word. <i>Alarum</i> for +<i>alarm</i>, is merely a corruption produced by mispronunciation. +The letters <i>l</i> and <i>r</i> before <i>m</i> are difficult to +pronounce; and they are in general, according to the refined +standard of our pronunciation, so far softened as only to lengthen +the preceding vowel. In provincial pronunciation, however, the +force of the former letter is often preserved, and the +pronunciation is facilitated by the insertion of a vowel before the +final <i>m</i>. The Irish, in particular, adopt this mode of +pronouncing; even in public speaking they say <i>callum</i>, +<i>firrum</i>, <i>farrum</i>, for <i>calm</i>, <i>firm</i>, +<i>farm</i>. The old word <i>chrisom</i> for <i>chrism</i>, is an +analogous change: the Italians have in like manner lengthened +<i>chrisma</i> into <i>cresima</i>; the French have softened it +into <i>chrême</i>.</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<p><i>Alarm.</i>—It is in favour of the derivation +<i>à l'arme</i> that the Italian is <i>allarme</i>; some +dictionaries even have <i>dare all'arme</i>, with the apostrophe, +for to give alarm. It is against it that the German word +<i>Lärm</i> is used precisely as the English <i>alarm</i>. +Your correspondent CH. thinks the French derivation suspiciously +ingenious: here I must differ; I think it suspiciously obvious. I +will give him a suggestion which I think really suspiciously +ingenious: in fact, had not the opportunity occurred for +illustrating ingenuity, I should not have ventured it. May it not +be that <i>alarme</i> and <i>allarme</i> is formed in the obvious +way, as <i>to arms</i>; while <i>alarum</i> and <i>Lärm</i> +wholly unconnected with them? May it not sometimes happen that, by +coincidence, the same sounds and meanings go together in different +languages without community of origin? Is it not possible that +<i>larum</i> and <i>Lärm</i> are imitations of the stroke and +subsequent resonance of a large bell? Denoting the continued sound +of <i>m</i> by <i>m-m-m</i>, I think that +<i>lrm-m-m-lrm-m-m-lrm-m-m</i> &c., is as good an imitation of +a large bell at some distance as letters can make. And in the old +English use of the word, the alarum refers more often to a bell +than to any thing else.</p> +<p>The introduction of the military word into English can be +traced, as to time, with a certain probability. In 1579, Thomas +Digges published his <i>Arithmeticall Militare Treatise named +Stratioticos</i>, which he informs us is mainly the writing of his +father, Leonard Digges. At page 170. the father seems to finish +with "and so I mean to finishe this treatise:" while the son, as we +must suppose, adds p. 171. and what follows. In the father's part +the word <i>alarm</i> is not mentioned, that I can find. If it +occurred anywhere, it would be in describing the duties of the +<i>scout-master</i>; but here we have nothing but <i>warning</i> +and <i>surprise</i>, never <i>alarm</i>. But in the son's appendix, +the word <i>alarme</i> does occur twice in one page (173.). It also +occurs in the body of the <i>second</i> edition of the book, when +of course it is the son who inserts it. We may say then, that, in +all probability, the military technical term was introduced in the +third quarter of the sixteenth century. This, I suspect, is too +late to allow us to suppose that the vernacular force which +Shakspeare takes it to have, could have been gained for it by the +time he wrote.</p> +<p>The second edition was published in 1590; about this time the +spelling of the English language made a very rapid approach to its +present form. This is seen to a remarkable extent in the two +editions of the <i>Stratioticos</i>; in the first, the commanding +officer of a regiment is always <i>corronel</i>, in the second +<i>collonel</i>. But the most striking instance I now remember, is +the following. In the first edition of Robert Recorde's <i>Castle +of Knowledge</i> (1556) occurs the following tetrastich:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"If reasons reache transcende the skye,</p> +<p>Why shoulde it then to earthe be bounde?</p> +<p>The witte is wronged and leadde awrye,</p> +<p>If mynde be maried to the grounde."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In the second edition (1596) the above is spelt as we should now +do it, except in having <i>skie</i> and <i>awrie</i>.</p> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p><i>Prelates of France</i> (Vol. ii., p. 182.).—In answer +to a Minor Query of P.C.S.S., I can inform him that I have in my +possession, if it be of any use to him, a manuscript entitled +<i>Tableau de l'Ordre religieux en France, avant et depuis l'Edit +de 1768</i>, <span class="pagenum"><a name="page253" id= +"page253"></a></span> containing the houses, number of +religions, and revenues, and the several dioceses in which they +were to be found.</p> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p>Midgham House, Newbury, Berks.</p> +<p><i>Haberdasher</i> (Vol. ii., p. 167.).—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Haberdasher, a retailer of goods, a dealer in small wares; T. +<i>haubvertauscher</i>, from <i>haab</i>; B. <i>have</i>; It. +<i>haveri</i>, <i>haberi</i>, goods, wares; and <i>tauscher</i>, +<i>vertauscher</i>, a dealer, an exchanger; G. <i>tuiskar</i>; D. +<i>tusker</i>; B. <i>tuischer</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This derivation of the term <i>haberdasher</i> is from +<i>Thomson's Etymons</i>, and seems to be satisfactory.</p> +<p><i>Haberdascher</i> was the name of a trade at least as early as +the reign of Edward III.; but it is not easy to decide what was the +sort of trade or business then carried on under that name. Any +elucidation of that point would be very acceptable.</p> +<p class="author">D.</p> +<p>"<i>Rapido contrarius orbi</i>" (Vol. ii., p. 120.).—No +answer having appeared to the inquiry of N.B., it may be stated +that, in Hartshorne's <i>Book-Rarities of Cambridge</i>, mention is +made of a painting, in Emanuel College, of "Abp. Sancroft, sitting +at a writing-table with arms, and motto, <i>Rapido contrarius +orbi</i>. P.P. Lens, F.L."</p> +<p>Brayley, in his <i>Concise Account of Lambeth Palace</i>, +describes a portrait, in the vestry, of "A young man in a clerical +habit, or rather that of a student, with a motto beneath, 'Rapido +contrarium orbo'" (whether the motto, as thus given, is the +printer's or the painter's error does not appear), "supposed to be +Abp. Sancroft when young.—Date 1650."</p> +<p class="author">G.A.S.</p> +<p><i>Robertson of Muirtown</i> (Vol. ii., p. 135.).—C.R.M. +will find a pedigree of the family of Robertson of <i>Muirton</i> +in a small duodecimo entitled:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The History and Martial Atchievements of the Robertsons of +Strowan. Edinburgh: printed for and by Alex. Robertson in +<i>Morison's</i> Close; where Subscribers may call for their +copies."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The date of publication is not given; I think, however, it must +have been printed soon after 1st January 1771, which is the latest +date in the body of the work.</p> +<p>The greater portion of the volume is occupied with the poems of +Alexander Robertson of Strowan who died in 1749.</p> +<p class="author">A.R.X.</p> +<p>Paisley.</p> +<p>"<i>Noli me tangere</i>" (Vol. ii., p. 153.)—The following +list of some of the painters of this subject may assist +B.R.:—</p> +<p><i>Timoteo delle Vite</i>—for St. Angelo at Cogli.</p> +<p><i>Titian</i>—formerly in the Orleans collection, and +engraved by N. Tardieu, in the Crozat Gallery.</p> +<p><i>Ippolito Scarsella</i> (Lo Scarsellino)—for St. Nicolo +Ferrara.</p> +<p><i>Cristoforo Roncalli</i> (Il Cav. delle Pomarance)—for +the Eremitani at St. Severino.</p> +<p><i>Lucio Massari</i>—for the Celestini, Bologna.</p> +<p><i>Francesco Boni</i> (Il Gobbino)—for the Dominicani, +Faenza.</p> +<p class="author">I.Z.P.</p> +<p><i>Clergy sold for Slaves</i> (Vol. ii., p. 51.),—MR. +SANSOM will find in the <i>Cromwellian Diary of Thomas Burton</i>, +iv. 255. 273. 301-305., ample material for an answer to his +question respecting the sale of any of the loyal party for slaves +during the rebellion.</p> +<p>There is no evidence of any <i>clergymen</i> having been sold as +slaves to Algiers or Barbadoes. Drs. Beale, Martin, and Sterne, +heads of colleges, were threatened with this outrage (see +<i>Querela Cantabrigiensis</i> appended to the <i>Mercurius +Rusticus</i> p. 184). In the life of Dr. John Barwick, one of the +authors of the <i>Querela</i> (in the Eng. transl. p. 42.), the +story is thus told:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The rebels at that time threatened some of their greatest men +and most learned heads (such as Dr William Beale, Dr. Edward +Martin, and Dr. Richard Sterne) transportation into the isles of +America, or even to the barbarian Turks: for these great men, and +several other very eminent divines, were kept close prisoners in a +ship on the Thames, under the hatches, almost killed with stench, +hunger, and watching; and treated by the senseless mariners with +more insolence than if they had been the vilest slaves, or had been +confined there for some infamous robbery or murder. Nay, one Rigby, +a scoundrel of the very dregs of the parliament rebels, did at that +time expose these venerable persons to sale, and <i>would actually +have sold them for slaves, if any one would have bought +them</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In a note, it is added that Rigby moved twice in the Long +Parliament,</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"That those lords and gentlemen who were prisoners, should be +sold as slaves to Argiere, or sent to the new plantations in the +West Indies, because he had contracted with two merchants for that +purpose."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Col. Rigby, so justly denounced by Barwick, sat in the Long +Parliament for the borough of Wigan, and in the Parliarment of +1658-9 represented Lancashire. He was a native of Preston, was bred +to the law, and held a colonel's rank in the parliamentary army. He +was one of the committee of sequestrators for Lancashire, served at +the siege of Latham House, and in 1649 was created Baron of the +Exchequer, but was superseded by Cromwell.</p> +<p>Calamy, the historian and chaplain of the Nonconformists, +treated Walker's statement quoted by MR. SANSOM as a fiction, and +advised him to expunge the passage. See his <i>Church and +Dissenters compared as to Persecution</i>, 1719, pp. 40, 41.</p> +<p class="author">A.B.R.</p> +<p><i>North Side of Churchyards</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 55. +189).—One of your writers has recently endeavoured to explain +the popular dislike to burial on the north side of the church, by +reference to the place of the churchyard cross, the sunniness, and +the greater resort of the people to the south. <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page254" id="page254"></a></span> These are +not only meagre reasons, but they are incorrect.</p> +<p>The doctrine of regions was coeval with the death of Our Lord. +The east was the realm of the oracles; the especial Throne of God. +The west was the domain of the people; the Galilee of all nations +was there. The south, the land of the mid-day, was sacred to things +heavenly and divine. The north was the devoted region of Satan and +his hosts; the lair of demons, and their haunt. In some of our +ancient churches, over against the font, and in the northern walls, +there was a devil's door.</p> +<p>It was thrown open at every baptism for the escape of the fiend, +and at all other seasons carefully closed. Hence came the old +dislike to sepulture at the north.</p> +<p class="author">R.S. HAWKER.</p> +<p>Morwenstow, Cornwall.</p> +<p><i>Sir John Perrot</i> (Vol. ii., p. 217.).—This Query +surprises me. Sir John Perrot was not governor of Ireland <i>in the +reign of Henry VIII.</i>, and your correspondent E.N.W. is mistaken +in his belief that Sir John was <i>beheaded</i> in the reign of +Elizabeth. He was convicted of treason 16th June, 1592, and died in +the Tower in September following. In the <i>British Plutarch</i>, +3rd edit., 1791, vol. i. p. 121., is <i>The Life of Sir John +Perrot</i>. The authorities given are Cox's <i>History of Ireland; +Life of Sir John Perrot</i>, 8vo., 1728; <i>Biographia +Britannica</i>; Salmon's <i>Chronological History</i>; to which I +may add the following references:—</p> +<p>Howell's <i>State Trials</i>, i. 1315; Camden's <i>Annals</i>; +Naunton's <i>Fragmenta Regalia</i>; Lloyd's <i>State Worthies</i>; +Nash's <i>Worcestershire</i>; Strype's <i>Ecclesiastical +Memorials</i>, iii. 297.; Strype's <i>Annals</i>, iii. 337, +398-404.; <i>Stradling Letters</i>, 48-50.; Nare's <i>Life of Lord +Burghley</i>, iii. 407.; <i>Fourth Report of Deputy Keeper of +Public Records</i>, Appendix, ii. 281. Dean Swift, in his +<i>Introduction to Polite Conversation</i>, says,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Sir John Perrot was the first man of quality whom I find upon +the record to have sworn by <i>God's wounds</i>. He lived in the +reign of Queen Elizabeth, and was supposed to be a natural son of +Henry VIII., who might also have been his instructor."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">C.H. COOPER</p> +<p>Cambridge, August 31. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Coins of Constantius II.</i>—The coins of this prince +are, from their titles being identical with those of his cousin, +very difficult to be distinguished. <i>My</i> only guide is the +portrait. Gallus died at twenty-nine; and we may suppose that his +coins would present a more youthful portrait than Constantius II. +The face of Constantius is long and thin, and is distinguished by +the royal diadem. The youthful head resembling Constantius the +Great with the laurel crown, <i>Rev</i>. Two military figures +standing, with spears and bucklers, between them two standards, +<i>Ex.</i> S M N B., I have arranged in my cabinet, how far rightly +I know not, as that of Gallus.</p> +<p class="author">E.S.T.</p> +<p>"<i>She ne'er with treacherous Kiss</i>" (Vol. ii., p. +136.).—C.A.H. will find the lines,—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"She ne'er with trait'rous kiss," &c.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>in a poem named "Woman," 2nd ed. p. 34., by Eaton Stannard +Barrett, Esq., published in 1818, by Henry Colburn, Conduit +street.</p> +<p class="author">E.D.B.</p> +<p><i>California</i> (Vol. ii, p. 132.).—Your correspondent +E.N.W. will find earlier anticipations of "the golden harvest now +gathering in California," in vol. iii. of <i>Hakluyt's Voyages</i>, +p. 440-442, where an account is given of Sir F. Drake's taking +possession of Nova Albion.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"There is no part of earth here to bee taken up, wherein there +is not speciall likelihood of gold or silver."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In Callendar's <i>Voyages</i>, vol. i. p. 303., and other +collections containing Sir F. Drake's voyage to Magellanica, there +is the same notice. The earth of the country seemed to promise very +rich veins of gold and silver, there being hardly any digging +without throwing up some of the ores of them.</p> +<p class="author">T.J.</p> +<p><i>Bishops and their Precedence</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 9. +76.)—The precedence of bishops is regulated by the act of 31 +Hen. VIII. c. 10., "for placing of the Lords." Bishops are, in +fact, temporal barons, and, as stated in Stephen's +<i>Blackstone</i>, vol. iii. pp. 5, 6., sit in the House of Peers +in right of succession to certain ancient baronies annexed, or +supposed to be annexed, to their episcopal lands; and as they have +in addition high spiritual rank, it is but right they should have +place before those who, in temporal rank only, are equal to them. +This is, in effect, the meaning of the reason given by Coke in part +iii. of the Institutes, p. 361. ed. 1670, where, after noticing the +precedence amongst the bishops themselves, namely, 1. The Bishop of +London, 2. The Bishop of Durham, 3. The Bishop of Winchester, he +observes:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"But the other bishops have place above all the barons of the +realm, because they hold their bishopricks of the king per +baroniam; but they give place to viscounts, earls, marquesses, and +dukes."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">ARUN.</p> +<p><i>Elizabeth and Isabel</i> (Vol. i., pp. 439. 488.).—The +title of Ælius Antonius Nebressengis's history is, <i>Rerum a +Fernando et Elisabe Hispaniaram fælicissimis regibus gestarum +Decades duæ</i>.</p> +<p class="author">J.B.</p> +<p><i>Dr. Thomas Bever's Legal Polity of Great Britain</i> (Vol. +i., p. 483.).—Is J.R. aware that the principal part of the +parish of Mortimer, near Reading, as well as the manorial rights, +belongs to a Richard Benyon de Beauvoir, Esq., residing not very +far from that spot, at Englefield House, about five miles on the +Newbury Road from Reading. <span class="pagenum"><a name="page255" id="page255"></a></span> +This gentleman, whose original name +was Powlett Wright, took the name of De Beauvoir a few years back, +as I understand, from succeeding to the property of his relative, a +Mr. Beevor or Bever. This gentleman may, perhaps, be enabled to +throw some light upon the family of Dr. Bever.</p> +<p class="author">WP.</p> +<p><i>Eikon Basilike</i> (Vol. ii., p. 134.).—I would suggest +to A.C. that the circumstance of his copy of this work bearing on +its cover "C.R.," surmounted by a crown, may not be indicative of +its having been in the possession of royalty. It may have been, +perhaps, not unusual to occasionally so distinguish words of this +description published in or about that year (1660). I have a small +volume entitled—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The History of His Sacred Majesty Charles II. Begun from the +Murder of his royal father of Happy Memory, and continued to this +present year, 1660, by a person of quality. Printed for <i>James +Davies</i>, and are to be sold at the <i>Turk's Head in Ioy</i> +Lane, and at the <i>Greyhound</i> in <i>St. Paul's</i> Church Yard, +1660."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This volume is stamped in gold on both covers with C.R., +surmounted by a crown.</p> +<p class="author">E.B. PRICE.</p> +<p><i>Earl of Oxford's Patent</i> (Vol. ii., PP. 194. +235.).—LORD BRAYBROOKE no doubt knows, that the preamble to +the patent was written by Dean Swift. (See <i>Journal to +Stella</i>.) I would add, in reply to O.P.Q., that there is no +doubt that <i>assassin</i> and <i>assassinate</i> are properly used +even when death does not ensue. Not so <i>murder</i> and +<i>murderer</i>, which are strict terms of <i>law</i> to which +<i>death</i> is indispensable.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Cave's Historia Litteraria</i> (Vol. ii., p. +230.).—Part I. appeared at London, 1688. An Appendix, by +Wharton, followed, 1689. These were reprinted, Geneva, 1693. Part +II., Lond., 1698; repr. Genev., 1699. The whole was reprinted, +Genev., 1708 and 1720. After the author's death a new and improved +edition appeared, Oxon., 1740-43; rep. Basil, 1741-45. I give the +date 1708, not 1705, to the second Geneva impression, on the +authority of Walch.</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p>Collections of Wills have always been regarded, and very justly +so, as among the most valuable materials which exist for +illustrating the social condition of the people at the period to +which they belong. Executed, as they must be, at moments the most +solemn displaying, as we cannot but believe they do, the real +feelings which actuate the testators; and having for their object +the distribution of existing property, and that of every possible +variety of description, it is obvious that they alike call for +investigation, and are calculated to repay any labour that may be +bestowed upon them. It is therefore, perhaps, somewhat matter of +surprise that the Camden Society should not hitherto have printed +any of this interesting class of documents; and that only in the +twelfth year of its existence it should have given to its members +the very interesting volume of <i>Wills and Inventories from the +Registers of the Commissary of Bury St. Edmunds and the Archdeacon +of Sudbury</i>, which has been edited for the Society by Mr. Tymms, +the active and intelligent Treasurer and Secretary of the Bury and +West Suffolk Archæological Institute. The selection contains +upwards of fifty Wills, dated between 1370 and 1649, and the +documents are illustrated by a number of brief but very instructive +notes; and as the volume is rendered more useful by a series of +very complete indices, we have no doubt it will be as satisfactory +to the members as it is creditable to its editor. Mr. Tymms +acknowledges his obligations to Mr. Way and Mr. J. Gough Nicols: we +are sure the Camden Society would be under still greater +obligations to those gentlemen if they could be persuaded to +undertake the production of the series of Lambeth Wills which was +to have been edited by the late Mr. Stapleton, with Mr. Way's +assistance.</p> +<p>When the proprietors of the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> at the +commencement of the present year announced their projected +improvements in that periodical, we expressed our confidence that +they would really and earnestly put forth fresh claims to the +favour of the public. Our anticipations have been fully realised. +Each succeeding number has shown increased energy and talent in the +"discovery and establishment of historical truth in all its +branches," and that the conductors of this valuable periodical, the +only "Historical Review" in the country, continue to pursue these +great objects faithfully and honestly, as in times past, but more +diligently and more undividedly. No student of English history can +now dispense with, no library which places historical works upon +its shelves can now be complete without <i>The Gentleman's Magazine +and Historical Review</i>.</p> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:—G. Willis's +(Great Piazza, Covent Garden) Catalogue No. 41. New Series of +Second-hand Books, Ancient and Modern; W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham +House, Westminster Road) Sixtieth (catalogue of Cheap Second-hand +English and Foreign Books); C. Hamilton's (4. Budge Place, City +Road) Catalogue No. 41. of an important Collection of the Cheapest +Tracts, Books, Autographs, Manuscripts, Original Drawings, &c. +ever offered for sale.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> +<p>MARTENS OR MERTENS THE PRINTER. <i>Will D.L. kindly furnish us +with a copy of the Note alluded to in his valuable communication +in</i> No. 42.?</p> +<p>JUNIUS IDENTIFIED. MR. TAYLOR'S <i>Letter on his authorship of +this volume is unavoidably postponed until next week</i>.</p> +<p>M., <i>who writes on the subject of</i> Mr. Thomas's Account of +the State Paper Office, <i>will be glad to hear that a Calendar of +the documents contained in that department is in the press</i>.</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page256" id= "page256"></a></span> +SECOND PART OF MR. ARNOLD'S GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION.</p> +<p>Now Ready, in 8vo., price 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. Part +Second. (On the PARTICLES.) In this Part the Passages for +Translation are of considerable length.</p> +<p>By the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and +late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.</p> +<p>RIVINGTON, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Of whom may be had, by the same Author,</p> +<p>1. The SEVENTH EDITION of the FIRST PART. In 8vo. 6<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>2. A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION to GREEK ACCIDENCE. Fourth Edition. +8vo. 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>3. A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION to GREEK CONSTRUING. 6<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>4. The FIRST GREEK BOOK; upon the plan of HENRY'S FIRST LATIN +BOOK. 5<i>s.</i> (The SECOND GREEK BOOK is in the Press.)</p> +<hr /> +<p>ARCHÆOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.</p> +<p>The Central Committee of the Institute have considered a +Resolution, passed at a recent meeting of the British +Archæological Association at Manchester, August 24th, in +reference to the expediency of promoting a union between the +Association and the Institute. The Committee desire to give this +public notice, that they are ready, as they have always been, to +admit members of the Association desirous of joining the Institute. +They have determined accordingly, that, in order to offer +reasonable encouragement to the members of the Association, they +shall henceforth be eligible without the payment of the customary +entrance fee, on the intimation of their wish to the Committee to +be proposed for election. Life-members of the Association shall be +eligible as life-members on payment of half the usual composition. +All members of the Association thus elected shall likewise have the +privilege of acquiring the previous publications of the Institute +at the price to original subscribers.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>Apartments of the Institute, 26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, +Sept. 9, 1850. By order of the Central Committee, H. BOWYER LANE, +<i>Secretary.</i></p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<p>HANDBOOKS FOR THE CLASSICAL STUDENT (WITH QUESTIONS). under the +General Superintendence and Editorship of the Rev. T.K. ARNOLD.</p> +<p>I. HANDBOOKS of HISTORY and GEOGRAPHY. From the German of +PÜTZ. Translated by the Rev. R.B. PAUL.</p> +<p>1. Ancient History, 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>: 2. Mediæval +History, 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; 3. Modern History, 5<i>s.</i>, +6<i>d.</i> These works have been already translated into the +Swedish and Dutch languages.</p> +<p>II. The ATHENIAN STAGE. From the German of WITZSCHEL. 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With some +observations on the Theory of Complementary Colours.</p> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Illustrated with numerous Woodcuts, 8vo, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +THE PRIMEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J.J.A. WORSAAE, M.R.S.A., +of Copenhagen.</p> +<p>Translated and applied to the Illustration of similar Remains in +England; by WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden +Society.</p> +<p>JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 337. Strand, London.</p> +<hr /> +<p>In a few days, in 8vo., AN EXAMINATION OF THE CENTURY QUESTION: +to which is added, A Letter to the Author of "Outlines of +Astronomy," respecting a certain peculiarity of the Gregorian +System of Bissextile compensation.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Judicio perpende: et si tibi vera videntur,</p> +<p>DEDE MANUS."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. 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Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just Published, Octavo Edition, plain, 15<i>s.</i>; Quarto +Edition, having the Plates of the Tesselated Pavements all +coloured, 1<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i></p> +<p>REMAINS of ROMAN ART in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient +Corinium: containing Plates by De la Motte, of the magnificent +Tesselated Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with +copies of the grand Heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pomona; reduced by +the Talbotype from facsimile tracings of the original; together +with various other plates and numerous wood engravings.</p> +<p>In the Quarto edition the folding of the plates necessary for +the smaller volume is avoided.</p> +<p>"The recent discoveries made at Cirencester have been the means +of enlisting in the cause of archælogy two intelligent and +energetic associates, to whose exertions we are mainly indebted for +the preservation of the interesting remains brought to light, and +our obligations are increased by the able manner in which they have +described and illustrated them in the volume now under notice.</p> +<p>"These heads" (Ceres, Flora, and Pomona) are of a high order of +art, and Mr. De la Motte, by means of the Talbotype, has so +successfully reduced them that the engravings are perfect +facsimiles of the originals. They are, perhaps, the best of the +kind, every tessella apparently being represented.</p> +<p>"Our authors have very advantageously brought to their task a +knowledge of geology and chemistry, and the important aid which an +application of these sciences confers on archæology is +strikingly shown in the chapter on the materials of the tesselle, +which also includes a valuable report by Dr. VOELCKER, on an +analysis of ruby glass, which formed part of the composition of one +of the Cirencester pavements. This portion of the volume is too +elaborate and circumstantial for any justice to be done to it in an +extract."—<i>Gentleman's Mag., Sept.</i></p> +<p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, in +the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by +GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan +in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.—Saturday, September 14. 1850. +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 13462 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..150a883 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #13462 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/13462) diff --git a/old/13462-0.txt b/old/13462-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..133ec0a --- /dev/null +++ b/old/13462-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2374 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 46, Saturday, September 14, 1850, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most +other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions +whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of +the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at +www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have +to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 46, Saturday, September 14, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 15, 2004 [EBook #13462] +[Most recently updated: October 15, 2020] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NO. 46 *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David +King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 46.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition +4d. + + * * * * * {241} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:--Page +The Meaning of "Risell" in Hamlet, by S.W. Singer. 241 +Authors of the Rolliad. 242 +Notes and Queries. 242 +The Body of James II., by Pitman Jones. 243 +Folk Lore:--Legend of Sir Richard Baker--Prophetic + Spring at Langley, Kent. 244 +Minor Notes:--Poem by Malherbe--Travels of Two + English Pilgrims. 245 + +QUERIES:-- +Quotations in Bishop Andrewes, by Rev. James Bliss. 245 +Minor Queries:--Spider and Fly--Lexicon of Types--Montaigue's + Select Essays--Custom of wearing the Breast uncovered--Milton's + Lycidas--Sitting during the Lessons--Blew-Beer--Carpatio--Value of + Money--Bishop Berkeley, and Adventures of Gaudeatio + di Lucca--Cupid and Psyche--Zund-nadel Guns--Bacon + Family--Armorials--Artephius--Sir Robert Howard--Crozier + and Pastoral Staff--Marks of Cadency--Miniature Gibbet. 245 + +REPLIES:-- +Collar of S.S. by Rev. H.T. Ellacombe and J. Gough + Nichols. 248 +Sir Gregory Norton. 250 +Shakspeare's Word "Delighted," by Rev. Dr. Kennedy. 250 +Aerostation, by Henry Wilkinson. 251 +Replies to Minor Queries:--Long Lonkin--Rowley + Powley--Guy's Armour--Alarm--Prelates of + France--Haberdasher--"Rapido contrarius orbi"--Robertson + of Muirtown--"Noli me tangere"--Clergy sold + for Slaves--North Side of Churchyards--Sir John + Perrot--Coins of Constantius II.--She ne'er with + treacherous Kiss--California--Bishops and their + Precedence--Elizabeth and Isabel--Bever's Legal + Polity--Rikon Basilike, &c. 251 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- +Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 255 +Notices to Correspondents. 255 +Advertisements. 256 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +THE MEANING OF "DRINK UP EISELL" IN HAMLET. + +Few passages have been more discussed than this wild challenge of Hamlet +to Laertes at the grave of Ophelia: + + "Ham. I lov'd Ophelia! forty thousand brothers + Could not, with all their quantity of love, + Make up my sum. What wilt thou do for her? + + --Zounds! show me what thou'lt do? + Woo't weep? Woo't fight? Woo't fast? Woo't tear + thyself? + + _Woo't drink up Eisell?_ eat a crocodile? + + I'll do't". + +The sum of what has been said may be given in the words of Archdeacon +Nares: + + "There is no doubt that eisell meant vinegar, nor even that + Shakspeare has used it in that sense; but in this passage it + seems that it must be put for the name of a Danish river.... The + question was much disputed between Messrs. Steevens and Malone: + the former being for the river, the latter for the vinegar; and + he endeavored even to get over the drink up, which stood much in + his way. But after all, the challenge to drink vinegar, in such + a rant, is so inconsistent, and even ridiculous, that we must + decide for the river, whether its name be exactly found or not. + To drink up a river, and eat a crocodile with his impenetrable + scales, are two things equally impossible. There is no kind of + comparison between the others." + +I must confess that I was formerly led to adopt this view of the +passage, but on more mature investigation I find that it is wrong. I see +no necessary connection between eating a crocodile and drinking up +eysell; and to drink up was commonly used for simply to drink. Eisell or +Eysell certainly signified vinegar, but it was certainly not used in +that sense by Shakspeare, who may in this instance be his own expositor; +the word occurring again in his CXIth sonnet. + + "Whilst, like a willing patient, I will drink + Potions of eysell, 'gainst my strong infection; + No bitterness that I will bitter think, + Nor double penance, to correct correction." + +Here we see that it was a bitter potion which it was a penance to drink. +Thus also in the Troy Book of Lydgate: + + "Of bitter eysell, and of eager wine." + +Now numerous passages in our old dramatic writers show that it was a +fashion with the gallants of the time to do some extravagant feat, as a +proof of their love, in honour of their mistresses; and among others the +swallowing some nauseous potion was one of the most frequent; but +vinegar would hardly have been considered in this light; wormwood might. + +In Thomas's Italian Dictionary, 1562, we have "Assentio, Eysell" and +Florio renders that word by vinegar. What is meant, however, is +Absinthites or Wormwood wine, a nauseously bitter medicament then much +in use; and this being evidently {242} the _bitter potion of Eysell_ in +the poet's sonnet, was certainly the nauseous draught proposed to be +taken by Hamlet among the other extravagant feats as tokens of love. The +following extracts will show that in the poet's age this nauseous bitter +potion was in frequent use medicinally. + + "ABSINTHIUM, [Greek: apsinthion, aspinthion], Comicis, ab + insigni amarore quo bibeates illud aversantur."-_Junius, + Nomenclator ap. Nicot_. + + "ABSINTHITES, _wormwood wine_.--_Hutton's Dict_. + + "Hujus modi autem propomatum _hodie_ apud Christianos quoque + _maximus est et frequentissimus usus_, quibus potatores maximi + ceu proemiis quibusdam atque prÊludiis utuntur, ad dirum illud + suum propinandi certamen. _Ae maxime quidem commune est proponia + absynthites_, quod vim habet stomachum corroborandi et + extenuandi, expellendique excrementa quÊ in eo continentur. Hoc + fere propomate potatores hodie maxime ab initio coenÊ utuntur + ceu pharmaco cum hesternÊ, atque prÊteritÊ, tum futurÊ + ebrietatis, atque crapulÊ.... _amarissimÊ sunt potiones + medicatÊ_, quibus tandem stomachi cruditates immoderato cibo + potuque collectas expurgundi cause uti coguntur."--Stuckius, + _AntiquitatÊ Corviralium. Tiguri_, 1582, fol. 327. + +Of the two latest editors, Mr. Knight decides for the _river_, and Mr. +Collier does not decide at all. Our northern neighbours think us almost +as much deficient in philological illustration as in enlarged +philosophical criticism on the poet, in which they claim to have shown +us the way. + +S.W. SINGER. + +Mickleham, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +AUTHORS OF THE ROLLIAD. + +To the list of subjects and authors in this unrivalled volume, +communicated by LORD BRAYBROOKE (Vol. ii., p. 194.), I would add that +No. XXI. _Probationary Odes_ (which is unmarked in the Sunning-hill Park +copy) was written by Dr. Laurence: so also were Nos. XIII. and XIV., of +which LORD BRAYBROOKE speaks doubtfully. My authority is the note in the +correspondence of Burke and Laurence published in 1827, page 21. The +other names all agree with my own copy, marked by the late Mr. A. +Chalmers. + +In order to render the account of the work complete, I would add the +following list of writers of the _Political Miscellanies_. Those marked +with an asterisk are said "not to be from the club:"-- + + "* Probationary Ode Extraordinary, by Mason. + + The Statesmen, an Eclogue. Read. + + Rondeau to the Right Honourable W. Eden. Dr. Laurence. + + Epigrams from the Club. Miscellaneous. + + The Delavaliad. Dr. Laurence. + + This is the House that George built. Richardson. + + Epigrams by Sir Cecil Wray. Tickell and Richardson. + + Lord Graham's Diary, not marked. + + * Extracts from 2nd Vol. of Lord Mulgrave's Essays. + + * Anecdotes of Mr. Pitt. + + Letter from a New Member. + + * Political Receipt Book, &c. + + * Hints from Dr. Pretyman. + + A tale 'at Brookes's once,' &c. Richardson. + + Dialogue 'Donec Gratus eram Tibi.' Lord J. Townshend. + + Pretymaniana, principally by Tickell and Richardson. + + Foreign Epigrams, the same and Dr. Laurence. + + * Advertisement Extraordinary. + + Vive le Scrutiny. Bate Dudley. + + * Paragraph Office, Ivy Lane. + + * Pitt and Pinetti. + + * New Abstract of the Budget for 1784. + + Theatrical Intelligence Extraordinary. Richardson. + + The Westminster Guide (unknown). Part II. (unknown). + + Inscription for the Duke of Richmond's Bust (unknown). + + Epigram, 'Who shall expect,' &c. Richardson. + + A New Ballad, 'Billy Eden.' Tickell and Richardson. + + Epigrams on Sir Elijah Impey, and by Mr. Wilberforce (unknown). + + A Proclamation, by Richardson. + + * Original Letter to Corbett. + + * Congratulatory Ode to Right Hon. C. Jenkinson. + + * Ode to Sir Elijah Impey. + + * Song. + + * A New Song, 'Billy's Budget.' + + * Epigrams. + + * Ministerial Undoubted Facts (unknown). + + Journal of the Right Hon. Hen. Dundas. From the Club. + Miscellaneous. + + Incantation. Fitzpatrick. + + Translations of Lord Belgrave's Quotations. From the Club. + Miscellaneous." + +Some of these minor contributions were from the pen of O'Beirne, +afterwards Bishop of Meath. + +Tickell should be joined with Lord John Townshend in "Jekyll." The +former contributed the lines parodied from Pope. + +In reply to LORD BRAYBROOKE'S Query, Moore, in his _Life of Sheridan_, +speaks of Lord John Townshend as the only survivor of "this confederacy +of wits:" so that, if he is correct, the author of "Margaret Nicholson" +(Adair) cannot be now living. + +J.H.M. + +Bath. + + * * * * * + +NOTES AND QUERIES. + +"There is nothing new under the sun," quoth the Preacher; and such must +be said of "NOTES AND QUERIES." Your contributor M. (Vol. ii, p. 194.) +has drawn attention to the _Weekly Oracle_, which in 1736 gave forth its +responses to the inquiring public; but, as he intimates, many similar +periodicals might be instanced. Thus, we have _Memoirs for the +Ingenious_, 1693, 4to., edited by I. de la Crose; _Memoirs for the +Curious_, 1701, 4to.; _The Athenian Oracle_, 1704, 8vo.; _The Delphick +Oracle_, {243} 1720, 8vo.; _The British Apollo_, 1740, 12mo.; with +several others of less note. The three last quoted answer many singular +questions in theology, law, medicine, physics, natural history, popular +superstitions, &c., not always very satisfactorily or very +intelligently, but still, often amusingly and ingeniously. _The British +Apollo: containing two thousand Answers to curious Questions in most +Arts and Sciences, serious, comical, and humourous_, the fourth edition +of which I have now before me, indulges in answering such questions as +these: "How old was Adam when Eve was created?--Is it lawful to eat +black pudding?--Whether the moon in Ireland is like the moon in England? +Where is hell situated? Do cocks lay eggs?" &c. In answer to the +question, "Why is gaping catching?" the Querists of 1740 are gravely +told,-- + + "Gaping or yawning is infectious, because the steams of the + blood being ejected out of the mouth, doth infect the ambient + air, which being received by the nostrils into another man's + mouth, doth irritate the fibres of the hypogastric muscle to + open the mouth to discharge by expiration the unfortunate gust + of air infected with the steams of blood, as aforesaid." + +The feminine gender, we are further told, is attributed to a ship, +"because a ship carries burdens, and therefore resembles a pregnant +woman." + +But as the faith of 1850 in _The British Apollo_, with its two thousand +answers, may not be equal to the faith of 1740, what dependence are we +to place in the origin it attributes to two very common words, a _bull_, +and a _dun_?-- + + "Why, when people speak improperly, is it termed a bull?--It + became a proverb from the repeated blunders of one _Obadiah + Bull_, a lawyer of London, who lived in the reign of King Henry + VII." + +Now for the second,-- + + "Pray tell me whence you can derive the original of the word + _dun_? Some falsely think it comes from the French, where + _donnez_ signifies _give me_, implying a demand of something + due; but the true original of this expression owes its birth to + one _Joe Dun_, a famous bailiff of the town of Lincoln, so + extremely active, and so dexterous at the management of his + rough business, that it became a proverb, when a man refused to + pay his debts, 'Why don't you _Dun_ him?' that is, why don't you + send Dun to arrest him? Hence it grew a custom, and is now as + old as since the days of Henry VII." + +Were these twin worthies, Obadiah Bull the lawyer, and Joe Dun the +bailiff, men of straw for the nonce, or veritable flesh and blood? They +both flourished, it appears, in the reign of Henry VII.; and to me it is +doubtful whether one reign could have produced two worthies capable of +cutting so deep a notch in the English tongue. + +"To dine with Duke Humphrey," we are told, arose from the practice of +those who had shared his dainties when alive being in the habit of +perambulating St. Paul's, where he was buried, at the dining time of +day; what dinner they then had, they had with Duke Humphrey the defunct. + +Your contributor MR. CUNNINGHAM will be able to decide as to the value +of the origin of Tyburn here given to us: + + "As to the antiquity of Tyburn, it is no older than the year + 1529; before that time, the place of execution was in _Rotten + Row_ in _Old Street_. As for the etymology of the word _Tyburn_, + some will have it proceed from the words _tye_ and _burn_, + alluding to the manner of executing traitors at that place; + others believe it took its name from a small river or brook once + running near it, and called by the Romans Tyburnia. Whether the + first or second is the truest, the querist may judge as he + thinks fit." + +And so say I. + +A readable volume might be compiled from these "NOTES AND QUERIES," +which amused our grandfathers; and the works I have indicated will +afford much curious matter in etymology, folk-lore, topography, &c., to +the modern antiquary. + +CORKSCREW. + + * * * * * + +JAMES THE SECOND, HIS REMAINS. + +The following curious account was given to me by Mr. Fitz-Simons, an +Irish gentleman, upwards of eighty years of age, with whom I became +acquainted when resident with my family at Toulouse, in September, 1840; +he having resided in that city for many years as a teacher of the French +and English languages, and had attended the late Sir William Follett in +the former capacity there in 1817. He said,-- + + "I was a prisoner in Paris, in the convent of the English + Benedictines in the Rue St. Jaques, during part of the + revolution. In the year 1793 or 1794, the body of King James II. + of England was in one of the chapels there, where it had been + deposited some time, under the expectation that it would one day + be sent to England for interment in Westminster Abbey. It had + never been buried. The body was in a wooden coffin, inclosed in + a leaden one; and that again inclosed in a second wooden one, + covered with black velvet. That while I was so a prisoner, the + sans-culottes broke open the coffins to get at the lead to cast + into bullets. The body lay exposed nearly a whole day. It was + swaddled like a mummy, bound tight with garters. The + sans-culottes took out the body, which had been embalmed. There + was a strong smell of vinegar and camphor. The corpse was + beautiful and perfect. The hands and nails were very fine, I + moved and bent every finger. I never saw so fine a set of teeth + in my life. A young lady, a fellow prisoner, wished much to have + a tooth; I tried to get one out for her, but could not, they + were so firmly fixed. The feet also were very beautiful. The + face and cheeks were just as if he were alive. I rolled his + eyes: the eye-balls were perfectly firm under my finger. The + French and English prisoners {244} gave money to the + sans-culottes for showing the body. They said he was a good + sans-culotte, and they were going to put him into a hole in the + public churchyard like other sans-culottes; and he was carried + away, but where the body was thrown I never heard. King George + IV. tried all in his power to get tidings of the body, but could + not. Around the chapel were several wax moulds of the face hung + up, made probably at the time of the king's death, and the + corpse was very like them. The body had been originally kept at + the palace of St. Germain, from whence it was brought to the + convent of the Benedictines. Mr. Porter, the prior, was a + prisoner at the time in his own convent." + +The above I took down from Mr. Fitz-Simons' own mouth, and read it to +him, and he said it was perfectly correct. Sir W. Follett told me he +thought Mr. Fitz-Simons was a runaway Vinegar Hill boy. He told me that +he was a monk. + +PITMAN JONES. + +Exeter, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_The Legend of Sir Richard Baker_ (vol. ii., p. 67.).--Will F.L. copy +the inscription on the monument in Cranbrook Church? The dates on it +will test the veracity of the legend. In the reign of Queen Mary, the +representative of the family was Sir John Baker, who in that, and the +previous reigns of Edward VI. and Henry VIII., had held some of the +highest offices in the kingdom. He had been Recorder of London, Speaker +of the House of Commons, Attorney-General and Chancellor of the +Exchequer, and died in the first year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. +His son, Sir Richard Baker, was twice high-sheriff of the county of +Kent, and had the honour of entertaining Queen Elizabeth in her progress +through the county. This was, most likely, the person whose monument +F.L. saw in Cranbrook Church. The family had been settled there from the +time of Edward III., and seem to have been adding continually to their +possessions; and at the time mentioned by F.L. as that of their decline, +namely, in the reign of Edward VI., they were in reality increasing in +wealth and dignities. If the Sir Richard Baker whose monument is +referred to by F.L. was the son of the Sir John above mentioned, the +circumstances of his life disprove the legend. He was not the sole +representative of the family remaining at the accession of Queen Mary. +His father was then living, and at the death of his father his brother +John divided with him the representation of the family, and had many +descendants. The family estates were not dissipated; on the contrary, +they were handed down through successive generations, to one of whom, a +grandson of Sir Richard, the dignity of a baronet was given; and +Sivinghurst, which was the family seat, was in the possession of the +third and last baronet's grandson, E.S. Beagham, in the year 1730. Add +to this that the Sir Richard Baker in question was twice married, and +that a monumental erection of the costly and honourable description +mentioned by F.L. was allowed to be placed to his memory in the chancel +of the church of the parish in which such Bluebeard atrocities are said +to have been committed, and abundant grounds will thence appear for +rejecting the truth of the legend in the absence of all evidence. The +unfortunately red colour of the gloves most likely gave rise to the +story. Nor is this a solitary instance of such a legend having such an +origin. In the beautiful parish church of Aston, in Warwickshire, are +many memorials of the Baronet family of Holt, who owned the adjoining +domain and hall, the latter of which still remains, a magnificent +specimen of Elizabethan architecture. Either in one of the compartments +of a painted window of the church, or upon a monumental marble to one of +the Holts, is the Ulster badge, as showing the rank of the deceased, and +painted red. From the colour of the badge, a legend of the bloody hand +has been created as marvellous as that of the Bloody Baker, so fully +detailed by F.L. + +ST. JOHNS. + + +[Will our correspondent favour us by communicating the Aston Legend of +the Holt Family to which he refers?] + +_Langley, Kent, Prophetic Spring at._--The following "note" upon a +passage in _Warkworth's Chronicle_ (pp. 23, 24.) may perhaps possess +sufficient interest to warrant its insertion in your valuable little +publication. The passage is curious, not only as showing the +superstitious dread with which a simple natural phenomenon was regarded +by educated and intelligent men four centuries ago, but also as +affording evidence of the accurate observation of a writer, whose +labours have shed considerable light upon "one of the darkest periods in +our annals." The chronicler is recording the occurrence, in the +thirteenth year of Edward the Fourth, of a "gret hote somere," which +caused much mortality, and "unyversalle fevers, axes, and the blody flyx +in dyverse places of Englonde," and also occasioned great dearth and +famine "in the southe partyes of the worlde." + +He then remarks that "dyverse tokenes have be schewede in Englonde this +year for amendynge of mannys lyvynge," and proceeds to enumerate several +springs or waters in various places, which only ran at intervals, and by +their running always portended "derthe, pestylence, or grete batayle." +After mentioning several of these, he adds-- + + "Also ther is a pytte in Kent in Langley Parke: ayens any + batayle he wille be drye, and it rayne neveyre so myche; and if + ther be no batayle toward, he wille be fulle of watere, be it + neveyre so drye a wethyre; and this yere he is drye." + +Langley Park, situated in a parish of the same {245} name, about four +miles to the south-east of Maidstone, and once the residence of the +Leybournes and other families, well-known in Kentish history, has long +existed only in name, having been disparked prior to 1570; but the +"pytte," or stream, whose wondrous qualities are so quaintly described +by Warkworth, still flows at intervals. It is scarcely necessary to add, +that it belongs to the class known as _intermitting springs_, the +phenomena displayed by which are easily explained by the syphon-like +construction of the natural reservoirs whence they are supplied. + +I have never heard that any remnant of this curious superstition can now +be traced in the neighbourhood, but persons long acquainted with the +spot have told me that the state of the stream was formerly looked upon +as a good index of the probable future price of corn. The same causes, +which regulated the supply or deficiency of water, would doubtless also +affect the fertility of the soil. + +EDWARD R.J. HOWE. + +Chancery Lane, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Poem by Malherbe_ (Vol. ii., p. 104.).--Possibly your correspondent MR. +SINGER may not be aware of the fact that the beauty of the fourth stanza +of Malherbe's Ode on the Death of Rosette Duperrier is owing to a +typographical error. The poet had written in his MS.-- + + "Et Rosette a vÈcu ce que vivent les roses," &c., + +omitting to cross his _t_'s, which the compositor took for _l_'s, and +set up _Roselle_. On receiving the proof-sheet, at the passage in +question a sudden light burst upon Malherbe; of _Roselle_ he made two +words, and put in two beautiful lines-- + + "Et Rose, elle a vÈcu ce que vivent les roses, + L'espace d'un matin." + +(See _FranÁais peints par eux-mÈmes_, vol. ii. p. 270.) + +P.S. KING. + +Kennington. + + +_Travels of Two English Pilgrims._-- + + "A True and Strange Discourse of the Travailes of Two English + Pilgrimes: what admirable Accidents befell them in their Journey + to Jerusalem, Gaza, Grand Cayro, Alexandria, and other places. + Also, what rare Antiquities, Monuments, and notable Memories + (concording with the Ancient Remembrances in the Holy + Scriptures), they sawe in the Terra Sancta; with a perfect + Description of the Old and New Jerusalem, and Situation of the + Countries about them. A Discourse of no lesse Admiration, then + well worth the regarding: written by one of them on the behalfe + of himselfe and his fellowe Pilgrime. Imprinted at London for + Thomas Archer, and are to be solde at his Shoppe, by the Royall + Exchange. 1603." + +A copy of this 4to. tract, formerly in the hands of Francis Meres, the +author of _Wit's Commonwealth_, has the following MS. note:-- + + "Timberley, dwellinge on Tower Hill, a maister of a ship, made + this booke, as Mr. Anthony Mundye tould me. Thomas, at Mrs. + Gosson's, sent my wyfe this booke for a token, February 15. A.D. + 1602." + +P.B. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +QUOTATIONS IN BISHOP ANDREWES' TORTURA TORTI. + +Can any of your contributors help me to ascertain the following +quotations which occur in Bishop Andrewes' _Tortura Torti_? + +P. 49.: + + "Si clavem potestatis non prÊcedat clavis discretionis." + +P. 58.: + + "Dispensationes nihil aliud esse quam legum vulnera." + +P. 58.: + + "Non dispensatio est, sed dissipatio." + +This, though not marked as a quotation, is, I believe, +in _S. Bernard_. + +P. 183.: + + "Et quÊ de septem totum circumspicit orbem Montibus, imperii + Roma De˚mque locus." + +P. 225.: + + "Nemo pius, qui pietatem cavet." + +P. 185.: + + "Minutuli et patellares Dei." + +I should also be glad to ascertain whence the following passages are +derived, which he quotes in his _Responsio ad Apologiam_? + +P. 48.: + + "[Greek: to gar trephon me tout ego kalo theon.]" + +P. 145.: + + "VanÊ sine viribus irÊ." + +P. 119. occurs the "versiculus," + + "Perdere quos vult hos dementat;" + +the source of which some of your contributors have endeavoured to +ascertain. + +JAMES BLISS. + +Ogbourne St. Andrew. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_The Spider and the Fly._--Can any of your readers, gentle or simple, +senile or juvenile, inform me, through the medium of your useful and +agreeable periodical, in what collection of nursery rhymes a poem +called, I think, "The Spider and Fly," occurs, and if procurable, where? +The lines I allude to consisted, to the best of my recollection, of a +dialogue between a fly and a spider, and began thus:-- {246} + + _Fly_. Spider, spider, what do you spin? + _Spider_. Mainsails for a man-of war. + _Fly_. Spider, spider, 'tis too thin. + Tell me truly, what 'tis for. + _Spider_. 'Tis for curtains for the king, + When he lies in his state bed. + _Fly_. Spider, 'tis too mean a thing, + Tell me why your toils you spread. + &c. &c. &c. + +There were other stanzas, I believe, but these are all I can remember. +My notion is, that the verses in question form part of a collection of +nursery songs and rhymes by Charles Lamb, published many years ago, but +now quite out of print. This, however, is a mere surmise on my part, and +has no better foundation than the vein of humour, sprightliness, and +originality, obvious enough in the above extract, which we find running +through and adorning all he wrote. "Nihil quod tetigit non ornavit." + +S.J. + + +_A Lexicon of Types._--Can any of your readers inform me of the +existence of a collection of emblems or types? I do not mean allegorical +pictures, but isolated symbols, alphabetically arranged or otherwise. + +Types are constantly to be met with upon monuments, coins, and ancient +title-pages, but so mixed with other matters as to render the finding a +desired symbol, unless very familiar, a work of great difficulty. Could +there be a systematic arrangement of all those known, with their +definitions, it would be a very valuable work of reference,--a work in +which one might pounce upon all the sacred symbols, classic types, +signs, heraldic zoology, conventional botany, monograms, and the like +abstract art. + +LUKE LIMNER. + + +_Montaigne, Select Essays of._-- + + "Essays selected from Montaigne, with a Sketch of the Life of + the Author. London. For P. Cadell, &c. 1800." + +This volume is dedicated to the Rev. William Coxe, rector of Bemerton. + +The life of Montaigne is dated the 28th of March, 1800, and signed +_Honoria_. At the end of the book is this advertisement:-- + + "Lately published by the same Author 'The Female Mentor.' 2d + edit., in 2 vols. 12mo." + +Who was _Honoria_? and are these _essays_ a scarce book in England? In +France it is entirely unknown to the numerous commentators on +Montaigne's works. + +O.D. + +_Custom of wearing the Breast uncovered in Elizabeth's Reign._--Fynes +Moryson, in a well-known passage of his _Itinerary_, (which I suppose I +need not transcribe), tells us that unmarried females and young married +women wore the breasts uncovered in Queen Elizabeth's reign. This is the +custom in many parts of the East. Lamartine mentions it in his pretty +description of Mademoiselle Malagambe: he adds, "it is the custom of the +Arab females." When did this curious custom commence in England, and +when did it go out of fashion? + +JARLTZBERG. + +_Milton's Lycidas._--In a Dublin edition of Milton's _Paradise Lost_ +(1765), in a memoir prefixed I find the following explanation of than +rather obscure passage in _Lycidas_:-- + + "Besides what the grim wolf, with privy paw, + Daily devours apace, and nothing said; + But that two-handed engine at the door + Stands ready to smite once, and smite no more." + + "This poem is not all made up of sorrow and tenderness, there is + a mixture of satire and indignation: for in part of it, the poet + taketh occasion to inveigh against the corruptions of the + clergy, and seemeth to have first discovered his acrimony + against Arb. Laud, and to have threatened him with the loss of + his head, which afterwards happened to him thorough the fury of + his enemies. At least I can think of no sense so proper to be + given to these verses in Lycidas." (p. vii.) + +Perhaps some of your numerous correspondents will kindly inform me of +the meaning or meanings usually assigned to this passage. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Sitting during the Lessons._--What is the origin of the congregation +remaining seated, while the first and second lessons are read, in the +church service? The rubric is silent on the subject; it merely directs +that the person who reads them shall stand:-- + + "He that readeth so standing and turning himself, as he may best + be heard of all such as are present." + +With respect to the practice of sitting while the epistle is read, and +of standing while the gospel is read, in the communion service; there is +in the rubric a distinct direction that "all the people are to stand up" +during the latter, while it is silent as to the former. From the silence +of the rubric as to standing during the two lessons of the morning +service, and the epistle in the communion service, it seems to have been +inferred that the people were to sit. But why are they directed to stand +during the gospel in the communion service, while they sit during the +second lesson in the morning service? + +L. + + +_Blew-Beer._--Sir, having taken a Note according to your very sound +advice, I addressed a letter to the _John Bull_ newspaper, which was +published on Saturday, Feb. 16. It contained an extract from a political +tract, entitled,-- + + "The true History of Betty Ireland, with some Account of her + Sister Blanche of Brittain. Printed for J. Robinson, at the + Golden Lion in Ludgate Street, MDCCLIII. (1753)." {247} + +In allusion to the English the following passage occurs,-- + + "But they forget, they are all so idle and debauched, such + gobbling and drinking rascals, and expensive in _blew-beer_," + &c. + +Query the unde derivatur of _blew-beer_, and if it is to be taken in the +same sense as the modern phrase of "blue ruin," and if so, the cause of +the change or history of both expressions? + +H. + + +_Carpatio._--I have lately met with a large aquatinted engraving, +bearing the following descriptive title: "AngliÊ Regis Legati +inspiciuntur Sponsam petentes Filiam Dionati CornubiÊ Regis pro Anglo +Principe." The costume of the figures is of the latter half of the +fifteenth century. The painter's name appears on a scroll, OP. VICTOR +CARPATIO VENETI. The copy of the picture for engraving was drawn by +Giovanni de Pian, and engraved by the same person and Francesco +Gallimberti, at Venice. I do not find the name of Carpatio in the +ordinary dictionaries of painters, and shall be glad to learn whether he +has here represented an historical event, or an incident of some +mediÊval romance. I suspect the latter must be the case, as _Cornubia_ +is the Latin word used for Cornwall, and I am not aware of its having +any other application. Is this print the only one of the kind, or is it +one of a set? + +J.G.N. + + +_Value of Money in Reign of Charles II._--Will any of your +correspondents inform me of the value of 1000l. circa Charles II. in +present money, and the mode in which the difference is estimated? + +DION X. + + +_Bishop Berkeley--Adventures of Gaudentio di Lucca._--I have a volume +containing the adventures of Signor Gaudentio di Lucca, with his +examination before the Inquisition of Bologna. In a bookseller's +catalogue I have seen it ascribed to Bishop Berkeley. Can any of your +readers inform me who was the author, or give me any particulars as to +the book? + +IOTA. + + +_Cupid and Psyche._--Can any of your learned correspondents inform me +whether the fable of Cupid and Psyche was invented by Apuleius; or +whether he made use of a superstition then current, turning it, as it +suited his purpose, into the beautiful fable which has been handed down +to us as his composition? + +W.M. + + +_Z¸nd-nadel Guns._--In paper of September or October last, I saw a +letter dated Berlin, Sept. 11, which commenced-- + + "We have had this morning a splendid military spectacle, and + being the first of the kind since the revolution, attracted + immense crowds to the scene of action." + + "The Fusileer battalions (light infantry) were all armed with + the new z¸nd-nadel guns, the advantages and superiority of which + over the common percussion musket now admits of no + contradiction, with the sole exception of the facility of + loading being an inducement to fire somewhat too quick, when + firing independently, as in battle, or when acting en + tirailleur. The invincible pedantry and amour-propre of our + armourers and inspectors of arms in England, their + disinclination to adopt inventions not of English growth, and + their slowness to avail themselves of new models until they are + no longer new, will, undoubtedly, exercise the usual influence + over giving this powerful weapon even a chance in England. It is + scarcely necessary to point out the great advantages that these + weapons, carrying, let us say, 800 yards with perfect accuracy, + have over our muskets, of which the range does not exceed 150, + and that very uncertain. Another great advantage of the + z¸nd-nadel is, that rifles or light infantry can load with ease + without effort when lying flat on the ground. The opponents of + the z¸nd-nadel talk of over-rapid firing and the impossibility + of carrying sufficient ammunition to supply the demands. This is + certainly a drawback, but it is compensated by the immense + advantage of being able to pour in a deadly fire when you + yourself are out of range, or of continuing this fire so + speedily as to destroy half your opponents before they can + return a shot with a chance of taking effect." + +This was the first intimation I ever had of the z¸nd-nadel guns. I +should like to know when and by whom they were invented, and their +mechanism. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Bacon Family, Origin of the Name._--Among the able notes, or the +_not_-able Queries of a recent Number, (I regret that I have it not at +hand, for an exact quotation), a learned correspondent mentioned, _en +passant_, that the word _bacon_ had the obsolete signification of +"_dried wood_." As a patronymic, BACON has been not a little +illustrious, in literature, science, and art; and it would be +interesting to know whether the name has its origin in the crackling +fagot or in the cured flitch. Can any of your genealogical +correspondents help me to authority on the subject? + +A modern motto of the Somersetshire Bacons has an ingenious rebus: + + ProBa-conSCIENTIA; + +the capitals, thus placed, giving it the double reading, Proba +coniscientia, and Pro Bacon Scientia. + +NOCAB. + + +_Armorials._--Sable, a fesse or, in chief two fleurs de lis or, in base +a hind courant argent. E.D.B. will feel grateful to any gentlemen who +will kindly inform him of the name of the family to which the above coat +belonged. They were quartered by Richard or Roger Barow, of Wynthorpe, +in Lincolnshire (_Harl. MS._ 1552. 42 _b_), who died in 1505. + +E.D.B. + + +_Artephius, the Chemical Philosopher._--What is known of the chemical +philosopher Artephius? He is mentioned in Jocker's _Dictionary_, and by +Roger Bacon (in the _Opus Majus_ and elsewhere), {248} and a tract +ascribed to him is printed in the _Theatrum Chemicum_. + +E. + + +_Sir Robert Howard._--Can any reader assist me in finding out the author +of + + "A Discourse of the Nationall Excellencies of England. By R.H., + London. Printed by Thomas Newcomb for Henry Fletcher, at the + Three Gilt Cups in the New Buildings, near the west end of St. + Paul's, 1658. 12 mo., pp. 248." + +This is a very remarkable work, written in an admirable style, and +wholly free from the coarse party spirit which then generally prevailed. +The writer declares, p. 235., he had not subscribed the engagement, and +there are internal evidences of his being a churchman and a monarchist. +Is there any proof of its having been written by Sir Robert Howard? A +former possessor of the copy now before me, has written his name on the +title-page as its conjectured author. My copy of Sir Robert's _Poems_, +published two years after, was published not by _Fletcher_, but by +"Henry Herringman, at the sign of the Anchor, in the lower walk of the +New Exchange." John Dryden, Sir Robert's brother-in-law, in the +complimentary stanzas on Howard's poems, says, + + "To write worthy things of worthy men, + Is the peculiar talent of your pen." + +I would further inquire if a reason can be assigned for the omission +from Sir Robert Howard's collected plays of _The Blind Lady_, the only +dramatic piece given in the volume of poems of 1660. My copy is the +third edition, published by Tonson, 1722. + +A.B.R. + + +_Crozier and Pastoral Staff._--What is the real difference between a +crozier and a pastoral staff? + +I.Z.P. + + +_Marks of Cadency._--The copious manner in which your correspondent E.K. +(Vol. ii., p. 221.) has answered the question as to the "when and why" +of the unicorn being introduced as one of the supporters of the royal +arms, induces me to think that he will readily and satisfactorily +respond to an heraldic inquiry of a somewhat more intricate nature. + +What were the peculiar marks of cadency used by the heirs to the crown, +apparent and presumptive, after the accession of the Stuarts? For +example, what were the changes, if any, upon the label or file of +difference used in the coat-armour of Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest son +of James I., and of his brother Charles, when Prince of Wales, and so +on, to the present time? + + +_Miniature Gibbet, &c._--A correspondent of the _Times_ newspaper has +recently given the following account of an occurrence which took place +about twenty-five years ago, and the concluding ceremony of which he +personally witnessed:-- + + "A man had been condemned to be hung for murder. On the Sunday + morning previous to the sentence being carried into execution, + he contrived to commit suicide in the prison by cutting his + throat with a razor. On Monday morning, according to the then + custom, his body was brought out from Newgate in a cart; and + after Jack Ketch had exhibited to the people a small model + gallows, with a razor hanging therefrom, in the presence of the + sheriffs and city authorities, he was thrown into a hole dug for + that purpose. A stake was driven through his body, and a + quantity of lime thrown in over it." + +Will any correspondent of "NOTES AND QUERIES" give a solution of this +extraordinary exhibition? Had the sheriffs and city authorities any +legal sanction for Jack Ketch's disgusting part in the performances? +What are the meaning and origin of driving a stake through the body of a +suicide? + +A.G. + +Ecclesfield + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES + +COLLAR OF SS. + +If you desire proof of the great utility of your publication, methinks +there is a goodly quantum of it in the very interesting and valuable +information on the Collar of SS., which the short simple question of B. +(Vol. ii., p. 89.) has drawn forth; all tending to illustrate a mooted +historical question:--first, in the reply of [Greek: Phi.] (Vol. ii., p. +110.), giving reference to the _Gentleman's Magazine_, with two +_rider_-Queries; then MR. NICHOLS'S announcement (Vol. ii., p. 140.) of +a forthcoming volume on the subject, and a reply in part to the Query of +[Greek: Phi.]; then (Vol. ii, p. 171.) MR. E. FOSS, as to the _rank_ of +the legal worthies allowed to wear this badge of honour; and next (Vol. +ii., p. 194.) an ARMIGER, who, though he rides rather high on the +subject, over all the Querists and Replyists, deserves many thanks for +his very instructive and scholarlike dissertation. + +What the S. signifies has evidently been a puzzle. That a chain is a +badge of honour, there can be no doubt; but may not the _Esses_, after +all, mean nothing at all? originating in the simple S. link, a form +often used in chain-work, and under the name of S. A series of such, +linked together, would produce an elegant design, which in the course of +years would be wrought more like the letter, and be embellished and +varied according to the skill and taste of the workman, and so, that +which at first had no particular meaning, and was merely accidental, +would, after a time, be _supposed_ to be the _initial letters_ of what +is now only guessed at, or be involved in heraldic mystery. As for +[Greek: Phi.]'s rider-Query (Vol ii., p. 110.), repeated by MR. FOSS +(Vol. ii., p. 171.), as to dates,--it may be one step towards a reply if +I here mention, that in Yatton Church, Somerset, there {249} is a +beautifully wrought alabaster monument, without inscription, but +traditionally ascribed to judge Newton, alias Cradock, and his wife Emma +de Wyke. There can be no doubt, from the costume, that the effigy is +that of a judge, and under his robes is visible the Collar of Esses. The +monument is in what is called the Wyke aisle or chapel. That it is +Cradock's, is confirmed by a garb or wheat-sheaf, on which his head is +laid. (The arms of Cradock are, Arg. on a chevron az. 3 _garbs_ or.) +Besides, in the very interesting accounts of the churchwardens of the +parish, annis 1450-1, among the receipts there is this entry: + + "It.: Recipim. de Dn‡ de Wyke p. man. T. Newton filii sui de + legato Dni. Riei. Newton ad ---- p. campana ... xx." + +Richard Cradock was the first of his family who took the name of Newton, +and I have been informed that the last fine levied before him was, Oct. +Mart. 27 Hen. VI. (Nov. 1448), proving that the canopied altar tomb in +Bristol Cathedral, assigned to him, and recording that he died 1444, +must be an error. It is stated, that the latter monument was defaced +during the civil wars, and repaired in 1747, which is, probably, all +that is true of it. But this would carry me into another subject, to +which, perhaps, I may be allowed to return some other day. However, we +have got a date for the use of the collar by the _chief_ judges, +_earlier_ than that assigned by MR. FOSS, and it is somewhat +confirmatory of what he tells us, that it was not worn by any of the +_puisne_ order. + +H.T. ELLACOMBE. + +Bitton, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +_The Livery Collar of SS._--Though ARMIGER (Vol. ii., p. 194.) has not +adduced any facts on this subject that were previously unknown to me, he +has advanced some misstatements and advocated some erroneous notions, +which it may be desirable at once to oppose and contradict; inasmuch as +they are calculated to envelope in fresh obscurity certain particulars, +which it was the object of my former researches to set forth in their +true light. And first, I beg to say that with respect to the "four +inaccuracies" with which he charges me, I do not plead guilty to any of +them. 1st. When B. asked the question, "Is there any list of persons who +were honoured with that badge?" it was evident that he meant, Is there +any list of the names of such persons, as of the Knights of the Garter +or the Bath? and I correctly answered, No: for there still is no such +list. The description of the classes of persons who might use the collar +in the 2 Hen. IV. is not such a list as B. asked for. 2dly. Where I said +"That persons were not honoured with the badge, in the sense that +persons are now decorated with stars, crosses, or medals," I am again +unrefuted by the statute of 2 Hen. IV., and fully supported by many +historical facts. I repeat that the livery collar was not worn as a +badge of honour, but as a badge of feudal allegiance. It seems to have +been regarded as giving certain weight and authority to the wearer, and, +therefore, was only to be worn in the king's presence, or in coming to +and from the king's hostel, except by the higher ranks; and this +entirely confirms my view. Had it been a mere personal decoration, like +the collar of an order of knighthood, there would have been no reason +for such prohibition; but as it conveyed the impression that the wearer +was especially one of the king's immediate military or household +servants, and invested with certain power or influence on that ground, +therefore its assumption away from the neighbourhood of the court was +prohibited, except to individuals otherwise well known from their +personal rank and station. 3dly. When ARMIGER declares I am wrong in +saying "That the collar was _assumed_," I have every reason to believe I +am still right. I may admit that, if it was literally a livery, it would +be worn only by those to whom the king gave it; but my present +impression is, that it was termed the king's livery, as being of the +pattern which was originally distributed by the king, or by the Duke of +Lancaster his father, to his immediate adherents, but which was +afterwards _assumed_ by all who were anxious to assert their loyalty, or +distinguish their partizanship as true Lancastrians; so that the statute +of 2 Hen. IV. was rendered necessary to restrain its undue and +extravagant _assumption_, for sundry good political reasons, some notion +of which may be gathered by perusing the poem on the deposition of +Richard II. published by the Camden Society. And 4thly, Where ARMIGER +disputes my conclusion, that the assumers were, so far as can be +ascertained, those who were attached to the royal household or service, +it will be perceived, by what I have already stated, that I still adhere +to that conclusion. I do not, therefore, admit that the statute of 2 +Henry IV. shows me to be incorrect in any one of those four particulars. +ARMIGER next proceeds to allude to Manlius Torquatus, who won and wore +the golden torc of a vanquished Gaul: but this story only goes to prove +that the collar of the Roman _torquati_ originated in a totally +different way from the Lancastrian collar of livery. ARMIGER goes on to +enumerate the several derivations of the Collar of Esses--from the +initial letter of _Soverayne_, from _St. Simplicius_, from _St. Crispin_ +and _St. Crispinian_, the martyrs of Soissons, from the _Countess of +Salisbury_, from the word _Souvenez_, and lastly, from the office of +_Seneschalus_, or Steward of England, held by John of Ghent,--which is, +as he says, "Mr. Nichols's notion," but the whole of which he +stigmatises alike "as mere monkish or heraldic gossip;" and, finally, he +proceeds to unfold his own recondite discovery, "viz. that it comes from +the S-shaped lever upon the bit {250} of the bridle of the war +steed,"--a conjecture which will assuredly have fewer adherents than any +one of its predecessors. But now comes forth the disclosure of what +school of heraldry this ARMIGER is the champion. He is one who can tell +us of "many more rights and privileges than are dreamt of in the +philosophy either of the court of St. James's or the college of St. +Bennet's Hill!" In short, he is the mouthpiece of "the Baronets' +Committee for Privileges." And this is the law which he lays down:-- + + "The persons now privileged to wear the ancient golden collar of + SS. are the _equites aurati_, or knights (chevaliers) in the + British monarchy, a body which includes all the hereditary order + of baronets in England, Scotland, and Ireland, with such of + their eldest sons, being of age, as choose to claim inauguration + as knights." + +Here we have a full confession of a large part of the faith of the +Baronets' Committee,--a committee of which the greater number of those +who lent their names to it are probably by this time heartily ashamed. +It is the doctrine held forth in several works on the Baronetage +compiled by a person calling himself "Sir Richard Broun," of whom we +read in Dodd's _Baronetage_, that "previous to succeeding his father, he +demanded inauguration as a knight, in the capacity of a baronet's eldest +son; but the Lord Chamberlain having refused to present him to the Queen +for that purpose, he assumed the title of 'Sir,' and the addition of +'Eques Auratus,' in June, 1842." So we see that ARMIGER and the Lord +Chamberlain are at variance as to part of the law above cited; and so, +it might be added, have been other legal authorities, to the privileges +asserted by the mouthpiece of the said committee. But that is a long +story, on which I do not intend here to enter. I had not forgotten that +in one of the publications of Sir Richard Broun the armorial coat of the +premier baronet of each division is represented encircled with a Collar +of Esses; but I should never have thought of alluding to this freak, +except as an amusing instance of fantastic assumption. I will now +confine myself to what has appeared in the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES;" +and, more particularly, to the unfounded assertion of ARMIGER in p. +194., "that the golden Collar of SS. was the undoubted badge or mark of +a knight, _eques auratus_;" which he follows up by the dictum already +quoted, that "the persons now privileged to wear the ancient golden +Collar of SS. are the _equites aurati_." I believe it is generally +admitted that knights were _equites aurati_ because they wore golden or +gilt spurs; certainly it was not because they wore golden collars, as +ARMIGER seems to wish us to believe; and the best proof that the Collar +of Esses was not the badge of a knight, as such, at the time when such +collars were most worn, in the fifteenth century, is this--that the +monumental effigies and sepulchral brasses of many knights at that time +are still extant which have no Collar of Esses; whilst the Collar of +Esses appears only on the figures of a limited number, who were +undoubtedly such as wished to profess their especial adherence to the +royal House of Lancaster. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS. + + * * * * * + +SIR GREGORY NORTON, BART. + +(Vol. ii., p. 216.) + +The creation of the baronetcy of _Norton_, of Rotherfield, in East +Tysted, co. Hants, took place in the person of Sir Richard Norton, of +Rotherfield, Kt., 23d May, 1622, and _expired_ with him on his death +without male issue in 1652. + +The style of Baronet, in the case of _Sir Gregory Norton_, the +_regicide_, was an assumption not uncommon in those days; as in the case +of _Prettyman_ of Lodington, and others. + +The regicide in his will styles himself "Sir Richard Norton, of Paul's, +Covent Garden, in the county of Middlesex, Bart." It bears date 12th +March, 1651, and was proved by his relict, Dame Martha Norton, 24th +Sept., 1652. He states that his land at Penn, in the county of Bucks, +was _mortgaged_, and mentions his "disobedient son, Henrie Norton;" and +desires his burial-place may be at Richmond, co. Surrey. + +The descent of Gregory Norton is not known. There is no evidence of his +connexion with the Rotherfield or Southwick Nortons. His assumption of +the title was not under any claim he could have had, real or imaginary, +connected with the Rotherfield patent; for he uses the title at the same +time with Sir Richard of Rotherfield, whose will is dated 26th July, +1652, and not proved till 5th Oct, 1652, when Sir Gregory was dead; and, +what is singular, the will of Sir Richard was proved by his brother, +John Norton, by the style of _Baronet_, to which he could have had no +pretension, as Sir Richard died without male issue, and there was no +limitation of the patent of 1622 on failure of heirs male of the body of +the grantee. + +G. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE'S WORD "DELIGHTED." + +That the Shakspearian word _delighted_ might, as far as its form goes, +mean "endowed with delight," "full of delight," I should readily +concede; but this meaning would suit neither the passage in _Measure for +Measure_,--"the delighted spirit,"--nor (satisfactorily) that in +_Othello_,--"delighted beauty." Whether, therefore, _delighted_ be +derived from the Latin _delectus_ or not, I still believe that it means +"refined," "dainty," "delicate;" a sense which is curiously adapted to +each of the three places. This will not be questioned with respect to +the second and third passages cited by {251} MR. HICKSON: and the +following citations will, I think, prove the point as effectually for +the passage of _Measure for Measure_: + + 1. "_Fine_ apparition".--_Tempest_, Act i. sc. 2. + + 2. "Spirit, _fine_ spirit."--Ditto. + + 3. "_Delicate_ Ariel."--Ditto. + + 4. "And, for thou wast a spirit too _delicate_, + To act her _earthy_ and abhorred commands." + Ditto. + + 5. "_Fine_ Ariel."--Ditto. + + 6. "My _delicate_ Ariel."--Ditto. Act iv. sc. 1. + + 7. "Why that's my _dainty_ Ariel."--Ditto. Act v. + sc. 1. + +I do not know the precise nature of the "old authorities" which MR. +SINGER opposes to my conjecture: but may we not demur to the +conclusiveness of any "old authorities" on such a point? Etymology seems +to be one of the developing sciences, in which we know more, and better, +than our forefathers, as our descendants will know more, and better, +than we do. + +To end with a brace of queries. Are not _delicioe_, _delicatus_, more +probably from _deligere_ than from _delicere_? And whence comes the word +_dainty_? I cannot believe in the derivation from _dens_, "a tooth." + +B.H. KENNEDY. + + * * * * * + +AÀROSTATION. + +Your correspondent C.B.M. (Vol. ii., p 199.) will find a long article on +_AÎrostation_ in Rees' _CyclopÊdia_; but his inquiry reminds me of a +conversation I had with the late Sir Anthony Carlisle, about a year +before his death. He wished to consult me on the subject of flying by +mechanical means, and that I should assist him in some of his +arrangements. He had devoted many years of his life to the consideration +of this subject, and made numerous experiments at great cost, which +induced him to believe in the possibility of enabling man to fly by +means of artificial wings. However visionary this idea might be, he had +collected innumerable and extremely interesting data, having examined +the anatomical structure of almost every winged thing in the creation, +and compared the weight of the body with the area of the wings when +expanded in the act of volitation as well as the natural habits of +birds, insects, bats, and fishes, with reference to their powers of +flying and duration of flight. + +These notes would form a valuable addition to natural history, whatever +might be thought of the purpose for which they were collected, during a +period of thirty years; and it is much to be regretted they were never +published. His own opinion was, that the publication, during his life +would injure his practice as a physician. It would be impossible without +the aid of diagrams, and I do not remember sufficient, to explain his +mechanical contrivances; but the general principle was, to suspend the +man under a kind of flat parachute of extremely thin _feather-edge_ +boards, with a power of adjusting the angle at which it was placed, and +allowing the man the full use of his arms and legs to work any machinery +placed beneath; the area of the parachute being proportioned, as in +birds to the weight of the man, who was to start from the top of a high +tower, or some elevated position, flying against the wind. + +HENRY WILKINSON. + +Brompton. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Long Lonkin_ (Vol. ii., p. 168.).--If SELEUCUS will refer to Mr. +Chamber's _Collection of Scottish Ballads_, he will find there the whole +story under the name of Lammilsin, of which Lonkin appears to me to be a +corruption. In the 6th verse it is rendered: + + "He said to his ladye fair, + Before he gaed abuird, + Beware, beware o, Lammilsin! + For he lyeth in the wudde." + +Then the story goes on to state that Lammilsin crept in at a little shot +window, and after some conversation with the "fause nourrice" they +decide to + + "Stab the babe, and make it cry, + And that will bring her down." + +Which being done, they murder the unhappy lady. Shortly after, Lord +Weirie comes home, and has the "fause nourrice" burnt at the stake. From +the circumstance that the name of the husband of the murdered lady was +Weirie, it is conjectured that this tragedy took place at Balwearie +Castle, in Fife, and the old people about there constantly affirm that +it really occurred. I am not aware that there exists any connection +between the hero of this story and the _nursery rhyme_; for, as I before +stated, I think Lonkin a corruption of Lammilsin. + +H.H.C. + + +_Rowley Powley_ (Vol. ii., p. 74.).--Andre Valladier, who died about the +middle of the sixteenth century, was a popular preacher and the king's +almoner. He gained great applause for his funeral oration on Henry IV. +In his sermon for the second Sunday in Lent (Rouen, 1628), he says;-- + + "Le paon est gentil et miste, bien que par la parfaite beautÈ de + sa houppe, par la raretÈ et noblesse de sa teste, par la + gentilesse et nettetÈ de son cou, par l'ornement de ses pennes + et par la majestÈ de tout le reste de son corps, il ravit tous + ceux qui le contemplent attentivement; toutefois au rencontre de + sa femelle, pour l'attirer ‡ son amour, il dÈploye sa pompe, + fait montrer et parade de son plumage bizarrÈ, et RIOLL… PIOLL… + se presente ‡ elle avec piafe, et luy donne la plus belle visÈe + de sa roue. De mesme ce Dieu admirable, amoreux des hommes, pour + nous ravir d'amour ‡ soy, desploye le lustre de ses plus + accomplies beautez, et comme un amant transportÈ de sa bienaimÈe + se {252} montre pour nous allecher ‡ cetter transformation de + nous en luy, de nostre misËre en sa gloire."--Ap. + _Predicatoriuna_ p. 132-3: Dijon, 1841. + +H.B.C. + + +_Guy's Armour_ (Vol. ii., pp. 55. 187.).--With respect to the armour +said to have belonged to Guy, Earl of Warwick, your correspondent NASO +is referred to Grose's _Military Antiquities_, vol. ii. pl. 42., where +he will find an engraving of a bascinet of the fourteenth century, much +dilapidated, but having still a fragment of the moveable vizor adhering +to the pivot on which it worked. Whether this interesting relic is still +at Warwick Castle or not, I cannot pretend to say, as I was +unfortunately prevented joining the British ArchÊological Association at +the Warwick congress in 1847, and have never visited that part of the +country; but the bascinet which was there in Grose's time was at least +of the date of Guido de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, the builder of Guy's +Tower, who died in 1315, and who has always been confounded with the +fabulous Guy: and if it has disappeared, we have to regret the loss of +the only specimen of an English bascinet of that period that I am aware +of in this country. + +J.R. PLANCH + + +_Alarm_ (Vol. ii., pp. 151. 183.).--The origin of this word appears to +be the Italian cry, _all'arme; gridare all'arme_ is to give the alarm. +Hence the French _alarme_, and from the French is borrowed the English +word. _Alarum_ for _alarm_, is merely a corruption produced by +mispronunciation. The letters _l_ and _r_ before _m_ are difficult to +pronounce; and they are in general, according to the refined standard of +our pronunciation, so far softened as only to lengthen the preceding +vowel. In provincial pronunciation, however, the force of the former +letter is often preserved, and the pronunciation is facilitated by the +insertion of a vowel before the final _m_. The Irish, in particular, +adopt this mode of pronouncing; even in public speaking they say +_callum_, _firrum_, _farrum_, for _calm_, _firm_, _farm_. The old word +_chrisom_ for _chrism_, is an analogous change: the Italians have in +like manner lengthened _chrisma_ into _cresima_; the French have +softened it into _chrÍme_. + +L. + + +_Alarm._--It is in favour of the derivation _‡ l'arme_ that the Italian +is _allarme_; some dictionaries even have _dare all'arme_, with the +apostrophe, for to give alarm. It is against it that the German word +_L‰rm_ is used precisely as the English _alarm_. Your correspondent CH. +thinks the French derivation suspiciously ingenious: here I must differ; +I think it suspiciously obvious. I will give him a suggestion which I +think really suspiciously ingenious: in fact, had not the opportunity +occurred for illustrating ingenuity, I should not have ventured it. May +it not be that _alarme_ and _allarme_ is formed in the obvious way, as +_to arms_; while _alarum_ and _L‰rm_ wholly unconnected with them? May +it not sometimes happen that, by coincidence, the same sounds and +meanings go together in different languages without community of origin? +Is it not possible that _larum_ and _L‰rm_ are imitations of the stroke +and subsequent resonance of a large bell? Denoting the continued sound +of _m_ by _m-m-m_, I think that _lrm-m-m-lrm-m-m-lrm-m-m_ &c., is as +good an imitation of a large bell at some distance as letters can make. +And in the old English use of the word, the alarum refers more often to +a bell than to any thing else. + +The introduction of the military word into English can be traced, as to +time, with a certain probability. In 1579, Thomas Digges published his +_Arithmeticall Militare Treatise named Stratioticos_, which he informs +us is mainly the writing of his father, Leonard Digges. At page 170. the +father seems to finish with "and so I mean to finishe this treatise:" +while the son, as we must suppose, adds p. 171. and what follows. In the +father's part the word _alarm_ is not mentioned, that I can find. If it +occurred anywhere, it would be in describing the duties of the +_scout-master_; but here we have nothing but _warning_ and _surprise_, +never _alarm_. But in the son's appendix, the word _alarme_ does occur +twice in one page (173.). It also occurs in the body of the _second_ +edition of the book, when of course it is the son who inserts it. We may +say then, that, in all probability, the military technical term was +introduced in the third quarter of the sixteenth century. This, I +suspect, is too late to allow us to suppose that the vernacular force +which Shakspeare takes it to have, could have been gained for it by the +time he wrote. + +The second edition was published in 1590; about this time the spelling +of the English language made a very rapid approach to its present form. +This is seen to a remarkable extent in the two editions of the +_Stratioticos_; in the first, the commanding officer of a regiment is +always _corronel_, in the second _collonel_. But the most striking +instance I now remember, is the following. In the first edition of +Robert Recorde's _Castle of Knowledge_ (1556) occurs the following +tetrastich:-- + + "If reasons reache transcende the skye, + Why shoulde it then to earthe be bounde? + The witte is wronged and leadde awrye, + If mynde be maried to the grounde." + +In the second edition (1596) the above is spelt as we should now do it, +except in having _skie_ and _awrie_. + +M. + + +_Prelates of France_ (Vol. ii., p. 182.).--In answer to a Minor Query of +P.C.S.S., I can inform him that I have in my possession, if it be of any +use to him, a manuscript entitled _Tableau de l'Ordre religieux en +France, avant et depuis l'Edit de 1768_, {253} containing the houses, +number of religions, and revenues, and the several dioceses in which +they were to be found. + +M. + +Midgham House, Newbury, Berks. + + +_Haberdasher_ (Vol. ii., p. 167.).-- + + "Haberdasher, a retailer of goods, a dealer in small wares; T. + _haubvertauscher_, from _haab_; B. _have_; It. _haveri_, + _haberi_, goods, wares; and _tauscher_, _vertauscher_, a dealer, + an exchanger; G. _tuiskar_; D. _tusker_; B. _tuischer_." + +This derivation of the term _haberdasher_ is from _Thomson's Etymons_, +and seems to be satisfactory. + +_Haberdascher_ was the name of a trade at least as early as the reign of +Edward III.; but it is not easy to decide what was the sort of trade or +business then carried on under that name. Any elucidation of that point +would be very acceptable. + +D. + + +"_Rapido contrarius orbi_" (Vol. ii., p. 120.).--No answer having +appeared to the inquiry of N.B., it may be stated that, in Hartshorne's +_Book-Rarities of Cambridge_, mention is made of a painting, in Emanuel +College, of "Abp. Sancroft, sitting at a writing-table with arms, and +motto, _Rapido contrarius orbi_. P.P. Lens, F.L." + +Brayley, in his _Concise Account of Lambeth Palace_, describes a +portrait, in the vestry, of "A young man in a clerical habit, or rather +that of a student, with a motto beneath, 'Rapido contrarium orbo'" +(whether the motto, as thus given, is the printer's or the painter's +error does not appear), "supposed to be Abp. Sancroft when young.--Date +1650." + +G.A.S. + + +_Robertson of Muirtown_ (Vol. ii., p. 135.).--C.R.M. will find a +pedigree of the family of Robertson of _Muirton_ in a small duodecimo +entitled: + + "The History and Martial Atchievements of the Robertsons of + Strowan. Edinburgh: printed for and by Alex. Robertson in + _Morison's_ Close; where Subscribers may call for their copies." + +The date of publication is not given; I think, however, it must have +been printed soon after 1st January 1771, which is the latest date in +the body of the work. + +The greater portion of the volume is occupied with the poems of +Alexander Robertson of Strowan who died in 1749. + +A.R.X. + +Paisley. + + +"_Noli me tangere_" (Vol. ii., p. 153.)--The following list of some of +the painters of this subject may assist B.R.:-- + +_Timoteo delle Vite_--for St. Angelo at Cogli. + +_Titian_--formerly in the Orleans collection, and engraved by N. +Tardieu, in the Crozat Gallery. + +_Ippolito Scarsella_ (Lo Scarsellino)--for St. Nicolo Ferrara. + +_Cristoforo Roncalli_ (Il Cav. delle Pomarance)--for the Eremitani at +St. Severino. + +_Lucio Massari_--for the Celestini, Bologna. + +_Francesco Boni_ (Il Gobbino)--for the Dominicani, Faenza. + +I.Z.P. + + +_Clergy sold for Slaves_ (Vol. ii., p. 51.),--MR. SANSOM will find in +the _Cromwellian Diary of Thomas Burton_, iv. 255. 273. 301-305., ample +material for an answer to his question respecting the sale of any of the +loyal party for slaves during the rebellion. + +There is no evidence of any _clergymen_ having been sold as slaves to +Algiers or Barbadoes. Drs. Beale, Martin, and Sterne, heads of colleges, +were threatened with this outrage (see _Querela Cantabrigiensis_ +appended to the _Mercurius Rusticus_ p. 184). In the life of Dr. John +Barwick, one of the authors of the _Querela_ (in the Eng. transl. p. +42.), the story is thus told: + + "The rebels at that time threatened some of their greatest men + and most learned heads (such as Dr William Beale, Dr. Edward + Martin, and Dr. Richard Sterne) transportation into the isles of + America, or even to the barbarian Turks: for these great men, + and several other very eminent divines, were kept close + prisoners in a ship on the Thames, under the hatches, almost + killed with stench, hunger, and watching; and treated by the + senseless mariners with more insolence than if they had been the + vilest slaves, or had been confined there for some infamous + robbery or murder. Nay, one Rigby, a scoundrel of the very dregs + of the parliament rebels, did at that time expose these venerable + persons to sale, and _would actually have sold them for slaves, + if any one would have bought them_." + +In a note, it is added that Rigby moved twice in the Long Parliament, + + "That those lords and gentlemen who were prisoners, should be + sold as slaves to Argiere, or sent to the new plantations in the + West Indies, because he had contracted with two merchants for + that purpose." + +Col. Rigby, so justly denounced by Barwick, sat in the Long Parliament +for the borough of Wigan, and in the Parliarment of 1658-9 represented +Lancashire. He was a native of Preston, was bred to the law, and held a +colonel's rank in the parliamentary army. He was one of the committee of +sequestrators for Lancashire, served at the siege of Latham House, and +in 1649 was created Baron of the Exchequer, but was superseded by +Cromwell. + +Calamy, the historian and chaplain of the Nonconformists, treated +Walker's statement quoted by MR. SANSOM as a fiction, and advised him to +expunge the passage. See his _Church and Dissenters compared as to +Persecution_, 1719, pp. 40, 41. + +A.B.R. + + +_North Side of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., pp. 55. 189).--One of your +writers has recently endeavoured to explain the popular dislike to +burial on the north side of the church, by reference to the place of the +churchyard cross, the sunniness, and the greater resort of the people to +the south. {254} These are not only meagre reasons, but they are +incorrect. + +The doctrine of regions was coeval with the death of Our Lord. The east +was the realm of the oracles; the especial Throne of God. The west was +the domain of the people; the Galilee of all nations was there. The +south, the land of the mid-day, was sacred to things heavenly and +divine. The north was the devoted region of Satan and his hosts; the +lair of demons, and their haunt. In some of our ancient churches, over +against the font, and in the northern walls, there was a devil's door. + +It was thrown open at every baptism for the escape of the fiend, and at +all other seasons carefully closed. Hence came the old dislike to +sepulture at the north. + +R.S. HAWKER. + +Morwenstow, Cornwall. + + +_Sir John Perrot_ (Vol. ii., p. 217.).--This Query surprises me. Sir +John Perrot was not governor of Ireland _in the reign of Henry VIII._, +and your correspondent E.N.W. is mistaken in his belief that Sir John +was _beheaded_ in the reign of Elizabeth. He was convicted of treason +16th June, 1592, and died in the Tower in September following. In the +_British Plutarch_, 3rd edit., 1791, vol. i. p. 121., is _The Life of +Sir John Perrot_. The authorities given are Cox's _History of Ireland; +Life of Sir John Perrot_, 8vo., 1728; _Biographia Britannica_; Salmon's +_Chronological History_; to which I may add the following references:-- + +Howell's _State Trials_, i. 1315; Camden's _Annals_; Naunton's +_Fragmenta Regalia_; Lloyd's _State Worthies_; Nash's _Worcestershire_; +Strype's _Ecclesiastical Memorials_, iii. 297.; Strype's _Annals_, iii. +337, 398-404.; _Stradling Letters_, 48-50.; Nare's _Life of Lord +Burghley_, iii. 407.; _Fourth Report of Deputy Keeper of Public +Records_, Appendix, ii. 281. Dean Swift, in his _Introduction to Polite +Conversation_, says,-- + + "Sir John Perrot was the first man of quality whom I find upon + the record to have sworn by _God's wounds_. He lived in the + reign of Queen Elizabeth, and was supposed to be a natural son + of Henry VIII., who might also have been his instructor." + +C.H. COOPER + +Cambridge, August 31. 1850. + + +_Coins of Constantius II._--The coins of this prince are, from their +titles being identical with those of his cousin, very difficult to be +distinguished. _My_ only guide is the portrait. Gallus died at +twenty-nine; and we may suppose that his coins would present a more +youthful portrait than Constantius II. The face of Constantius is long +and thin, and is distinguished by the royal diadem. The youthful head +resembling Constantius the Great with the laurel crown, _Rev_. Two +military figures standing, with spears and bucklers, between them two +standards, _Ex._ S M N B., I have arranged in my cabinet, how far +rightly I know not, as that of Gallus. + +E.S.T. + + +"_She ne'er with treacherous Kiss_" (Vol. ii., p. 136.).--C.A.H. will +find the lines,-- + + "She ne'er with trait'rous kiss," &c. + +in a poem named "Woman," 2nd ed. p. 34., by Eaton Stannard Barrett, +Esq., published in 1818, by Henry Colburn, Conduit street. + +E.D.B. + + +_California_ (Vol. ii, p. 132.).--Your correspondent E.N.W. will find +earlier anticipations of "the golden harvest now gathering in +California," in vol. iii. of _Hakluyt's Voyages_, p. 440-442, where an +account is given of Sir F. Drake's taking possession of Nova Albion. + + "There is no part of earth here to bee taken up, wherein there + is not speciall likelihood of gold or silver." + +In Callendar's _Voyages_, vol. i. p. 303., and other collections +containing Sir F. Drake's voyage to Magellanica, there is the same +notice. The earth of the country seemed to promise very rich veins of +gold and silver, there being hardly any digging without throwing up some +of the ores of them. + +T.J. + + +_Bishops and their Precedence_ (Vol. ii., pp. 9. 76.)--The precedence of +bishops is regulated by the act of 31 Hen. VIII. c. 10., "for placing of +the Lords." Bishops are, in fact, temporal barons, and, as stated in +Stephen's _Blackstone_, vol. iii. pp. 5, 6., sit in the House of Peers +in right of succession to certain ancient baronies annexed, or supposed +to be annexed, to their episcopal lands; and as they have in addition +high spiritual rank, it is but right they should have place before those +who, in temporal rank only, are equal to them. This is, in effect, the +meaning of the reason given by Coke in part iii. of the Institutes, p. +361. ed. 1670, where, after noticing the precedence amongst the bishops +themselves, namely, 1. The Bishop of London, 2. The Bishop of Durham, 3. +The Bishop of Winchester, he observes: + + "But the other bishops have place above all the barons of the + realm, because they hold their bishopricks of the king per + baroniam; but they give place to viscounts, earls, marquesses, + and dukes." + +ARUN. + + +_Elizabeth and Isabel_ (Vol. i., pp. 439. 488.).--The title of Ælius +Antonius Nebressengis's history is, _Rerum a Fernando et Elisabe +Hispaniaram fælicissimis regibus gestarum Decades duæ_. + +J.B. + + +_Dr. Thomas Bever's Legal Polity of Great Britain_ (Vol. i., p. +483.).--Is J.R. aware that the principal part of the parish of Mortimer, +near Reading, as well as the manorial rights, belongs to a Richard +Benyon de Beauvoir, Esq., residing not very far from that spot, at +Englefield House, about five miles on the Newbury Road from Reading. +{255} This gentleman, whose original name was Powlett Wright, took the +name of De Beauvoir a few years back, as I understand, from succeeding +to the property of his relative, a Mr. Beevor or Bever. This gentleman +may, perhaps, be enabled to throw some light upon the family of Dr. +Bever. + +WP. + + +_Eikon Basilike_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--I would suggest to A.C. that the +circumstance of his copy of this work bearing on its cover "C.R.," +surmounted by a crown, may not be indicative of its having been in the +possession of royalty. It may have been, perhaps, not unusual to +occasionally so distinguish words of this description published in or +about that year (1660). I have a small volume entitled-- + + "The History of His Sacred Majesty Charles II. Begun from the + Murder of his royal father of Happy Memory, and continued to + this present year, 1660, by a person of quality. Printed for + _James Davies_, and are to be sold at the _Turk's Head in Ioy_ + Lane, and at the _Greyhound_ in _St. Paul's_ Church Yard, 1660." + +This volume is stamped in gold on both covers with C.R., surmounted by a +crown. + +E.B. PRICE. + + +_Earl of Oxford's Patent_ (Vol. ii., PP. 194. 235.).--LORD BRAYBROOKE no +doubt knows, that the preamble to the patent was written by Dean Swift. +(See _Journal to Stella_.) I would add, in reply to O.P.Q., that there +is no doubt that _assassin_ and _assassinate_ are properly used even +when death does not ensue. Not so _murder_ and _murderer_, which are +strict terms of _law_ to which _death_ is indispensable. + +C. + + +_Cave's Historia Litteraria_ (Vol. ii., p. 230.).--Part I. appeared at +London, 1688. An Appendix, by Wharton, followed, 1689. These were +reprinted, Geneva, 1693. Part II., Lond., 1698; repr. Genev., 1699. The +whole was reprinted, Genev., 1708 and 1720. After the author's death a +new and improved edition appeared, Oxon., 1740-43; rep. Basil, 1741-45. +I give the date 1708, not 1705, to the second Geneva impression, on the +authority of Walch. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Collections of Wills have always been regarded, and very justly so, as +among the most valuable materials which exist for illustrating the +social condition of the people at the period to which they belong. +Executed, as they must be, at moments the most solemn displaying, as we +cannot but believe they do, the real feelings which actuate the +testators; and having for their object the distribution of existing +property, and that of every possible variety of description, it is +obvious that they alike call for investigation, and are calculated to +repay any labour that may be bestowed upon them. It is therefore, +perhaps, somewhat matter of surprise that the Camden Society should not +hitherto have printed any of this interesting class of documents; and +that only in the twelfth year of its existence it should have given to +its members the very interesting volume of _Wills and Inventories from +the Registers of the Commissary of Bury St. Edmunds and the Archdeacon +of Sudbury_, which has been edited for the Society by Mr. Tymms, the +active and intelligent Treasurer and Secretary of the Bury and West +Suffolk ArchÊological Institute. The selection contains upwards of fifty +Wills, dated between 1370 and 1649, and the documents are illustrated by +a number of brief but very instructive notes; and as the volume is +rendered more useful by a series of very complete indices, we have no +doubt it will be as satisfactory to the members as it is creditable to +its editor. Mr. Tymms acknowledges his obligations to Mr. Way and Mr. J. +Gough Nicols: we are sure the Camden Society would be under still +greater obligations to those gentlemen if they could be persuaded to +undertake the production of the series of Lambeth Wills which was to +have been edited by the late Mr. Stapleton, with Mr. Way's assistance. + +When the proprietors of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ at the commencement +of the present year announced their projected improvements in that +periodical, we expressed our confidence that they would really and +earnestly put forth fresh claims to the favour of the public. Our +anticipations have been fully realised. Each succeeding number has shown +increased energy and talent in the "discovery and establishment of +historical truth in all its branches," and that the conductors of this +valuable periodical, the only "Historical Review" in the country, +continue to pursue these great objects faithfully and honestly, as in +times past, but more diligently and more undividedly. No student of +English history can now dispense with, no library which places +historical works upon its shelves can now be complete without _The +Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review_. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--G. Willis's (Great Piazza, +Covent Garden) Catalogue No. 41. New Series of Second-hand Books, +Ancient and Modern; W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) +Sixtieth (catalogue of Cheap Second-hand English and Foreign Books); C. +Hamilton's (4. Budge Place, City Road) Catalogue No. 41. of an important +Collection of the Cheapest Tracts, Books, Autographs, Manuscripts, +Original Drawings, &c. ever offered for sale. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +MARTENS OR MERTENS THE PRINTER. _Will D.L. kindly furnish us with a copy +of the Note alluded to in his valuable communication in_ No. 42.? + +JUNIUS IDENTIFIED. MR. TAYLOR'S _Letter on his authorship of this volume +is unavoidably postponed until next week_. + +M., _who writes on the subject of_ Mr. Thomas's Account of the State +Paper Office, _will be glad to hear that a Calendar of the documents +contained in that department is in the press_. + + * * * * * {256} + +SECOND PART OF MR. ARNOLD'S GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. + +Now Ready, in 8vo., price 6s. 6d. + +A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. Part Second. (On +the PARTICLES.) In this Part the Passages for Translation are of +considerable length. + +By the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late +Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. + +RIVINGTON, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place. + + * * * * * + +Of whom may be had, by the same Author, + +1. The SEVENTH EDITION of the FIRST PART. In 8vo. 6s. 6d. + +2. A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION to GREEK ACCIDENCE. Fourth Edition. 8vo. 5s. +6d. + +3. A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION to GREEK CONSTRUING. 6s. 6d. + +4. The FIRST GREEK BOOK; upon the plan of HENRY'S FIRST LATIN BOOK. 5s. +(The SECOND GREEK BOOK is in the Press.) + + * * * * * + +ARCH∆OLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. + +The Central Committee of the Institute have considered a Resolution, +passed at a recent meeting of the British ArchÊological Association at +Manchester, August 24th, in reference to the expediency of promoting a +union between the Association and the Institute. The Committee desire to +give this public notice, that they are ready, as they have always been, +to admit members of the Association desirous of joining the Institute. +They have determined accordingly, that, in order to offer reasonable +encouragement to the members of the Association, they shall henceforth +be eligible without the payment of the customary entrance fee, on the +intimation of their wish to the Committee to be proposed for election. +Life-members of the Association shall be eligible as life-members on +payment of half the usual composition. All members of the Association +thus elected shall likewise have the privilege of acquiring the previous +publications of the Institute at the price to original subscribers. + +Apartments of the Institute, +26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, Sept. 9, 1850. + By order of the Central Committee, + H. BOWYER LANE, _Secretary._ + + * * * * * + +HANDBOOKS FOR THE CLASSICAL STUDENT (WITH QUESTIONS). under the General +Superintendence and Editorship of the Rev. T.K. ARNOLD. + +I. HANDBOOKS of HISTORY and GEOGRAPHY. From the German of P‹TZ. +Translated by the Rev. R.B. PAUL. + +1. Ancient History, 6s. 6d.: 2. MediÊval History, 4s. 6d.; 3. Modern +History, 5s., 6d. These works have been already translated into the +Swedish and Dutch languages. + +II. The ATHENIAN STAGE. From the German of WITZSCHEL. Translated by the +Rev. R.B. PAUL. 4s. + +III. HANDBOOK of GRECIAN ANTIQUITIES. 3s. 6d. HANDBOOK of ROMAN +ANTIQUITIES. 3s. 6d. From the Swedish of BOJESEN. Translated from Dr. +HOFFA'S German version by the Rev. R.B. PAUL. + +IV. HANDBOOKS of SYNONYMES: 1. Greek Synonymes. From the French of +PILLON. 6s. 6d. 2. Latin Synonymes. From the German of D÷DERLEIN 7s. 6d. +Translated by the Rev. H.H. ARNOLD. + +V. HANDBOOKS of VOCABULARY, 1. Green (in the press). 2. Latin. 3. French +(nearly ready). 4. German (nearly ready). + +RIVINGTON'S, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, price 1s. 6d. THE TIPPETS OF THE CANONS ECCLESIASTICAL. +With illustrative Woodcuts, by G.J. FRENCH. + +Also, by the same author, price 6d. HINTS ON THE ARRANGEMENTS OF COLOURS +IN ANCIENT DECORATIVE ART. With some observations on the Theory of +Complementary Colours. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Illustrated with numerous Woodcuts, 8vo, 10s. 6d. THE PRIMEVAL +ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J.J.A. WORSAAE, M.R.S.A., of Copenhagen. + +Translated and applied to the Illustration of similar Remains in +England; by WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden +Society. + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 337. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +In a few days, in 8vo., AN EXAMINATION OF THE CENTURY QUESTION: to which +is added, A Letter to the Author of "Outlines of Astronomy," respecting +a certain peculiarity of the Gregorian System of Bissextile +compensation. + + "Judicio perpende: et si tibi vera videntur, + DEDE MANUS." + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Second Edition, with Illustrations, 12mos., 3s. cloth. + +THE BELL: its Origin, History, and Uses. By the Rev. ALFRED GATTY, Vicar +of Ecclesfield. + +"A new and revised edition of a very varied, learned, and amusing essay +on the subject of bells."--_Spectator._ + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, Octavo Edition, plain, 15s.; Quarto Edition, having the +Plates of the Tesselated Pavements all coloured, 1l. 5s. + +REMAINS of ROMAN ART in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient Corinium: +containing Plates by De la Motte, of the magnificent Tesselated +Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with copies of the +grand Heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pomona; reduced by the Talbotype from +facsimile tracings of the original; together with various other plates +and numerous wood engravings. + +In the Quarto edition the folding of the plates necessary for the +smaller volume is avoided. + +"The recent discoveries made at Cirencester have been the means of +enlisting in the cause of archÊlogy two intelligent and energetic +associates, to whose exertions we are mainly indebted for the +preservation of the interesting remains brought to light, and our +obligations are increased by the able manner in which they have +described and illustrated them in the volume now under notice. + +"These heads" (Ceres, Flora, and Pomona) are of a high order of art, and +Mr. De la Motte, by means of the Talbotype, has so successfully reduced +them that the engravings are perfect facsimiles of the originals. They +are, perhaps, the best of the kind, every tessella apparently being +represented. + +"Our authors have very advantageously brought to their task a knowledge +of geology and chemistry, and the important aid which an application of +these sciences confers on archÊology is strikingly shown in the chapter +on the materials of the tesselle, which also includes a valuable report +by Dr. VOELCKER, on an analysis of ruby glass, which formed part of the +composition of one of the Cirencester pavements. This portion of the +volume is too elaborate and circumstantial for any justice to be done to +it in an extract."--_Gentleman's Mag., Sept._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, in the Parish +of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of +No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the +City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street +aforesaid.--Saturday, September 14. 1850. + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 46, Saturday, September 14, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NO. 46 *** + +***** This file should be named 13462-0.txt or 13462-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/4/6/13462/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David +King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will +be renamed. + +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, +so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United +States without permission and without paying copyright +royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of +the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at +www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have +to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 46, Saturday, September 14, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 15, 2004 [EBook #13462] +[Most recently updated: October 15, 2020] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NO. 46 *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David +King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team + + + + + +</pre> + +<h1><span class="pagenum"><a id="page241" name= "page241"></a></span>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> +<hr /> +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> +<hr class="full" /> +<table summary="masthead" width="100%"> +<tr> +<td align="left"><b>No. 46.</b></td> +<td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, +1850</b></td> +<td align="right"><b>Price Threepence.<br /> +Stamped Edition 4d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + +<table summary=""> +<tr> +<td align="left">NOTES:—</td> +<td align="right">Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Meaning of "Risell" in Hamlet, by S.W. +Singer</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page241">241</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Authors of the Rolliad</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page242">242</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes and Queries</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page242">242</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">The Body of James II., by Pitman Jones</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page243">243</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Folk Lore:—Legend of Sir Richard +Baker—Prophetic Spring at Langley, Kent</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page244">244</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Notes:—Poem by Malherbe—Travels +of Two English Pilgrims</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page245">245</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">QUERIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Quotations in Bishop Andrewes, by Rev. James +Bliss</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page245">245</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Minor Queries:—Spider and Fly—Lexicon +of Types—Montaigue's Select Essays—Custom of wearing +the Breast uncovered—Milton's Lycidas—Sitting during +the Lessons—Blew-Beer—Carpatio—Value of +Money—Bishop Berkeley, and Adventures of Gaudeatio di +Lucca—Cupid and Psyche—Zund-nadel Guns—Bacon +Family—Armorials—Artephius—Sir Robert +Howard—Crozier and Pastoral Staff—Marks of +Cadency—Miniature Gibbet</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page245">245</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">REPLIES:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Collar of S.S. by Rev. H.T. Ellacombe and J. Gough +Nichols</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page248">248</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Sir Gregory Norton</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page250">250</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Shakspeare's Word "Delighted," by Rev. Dr. +Kennedy</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page250">250</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Aerostation, by Henry Wilkinson</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page251">251</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Replies to Minor Queries:—Long +Lonkin—Rowley Powley—Guy's +Armour—Alarm—Prelates of +France—Haberdasher—"Rapido contrarius +orbi"—Robertson of Muirtown—"Noli me +tangere"—Clergy sold for Slaves—North Side of +Churchyards—Sir John Perrot—Coins of Constantius +II.—She ne'er with treacherous +Kiss—California—Bishops and their +Precedence—Elizabeth and Isabel—Bever's Legal +Polity—Rikon Basilike, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page251">251</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">MISCELLANEOUS:—</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page255">255</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Notices to Correspondents</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page255">255</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left">Advertisements</td> +<td align="right"><a href="#page256">256</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>NOTES.</h2> +<h3>THE MEANING OF "DRINK UP EISELL" IN HAMLET.</h3> +<p>Few passages have been more discussed than this wild challenge +of Hamlet to Laertes at the grave of Ophelia:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Ham. I lov'd Ophelia! forty thousand brothers</p> +<p>Could not, with all their quantity of love,</p> +<p>Make up my sum. What wilt thou do for her?</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>—Zounds! show me what thou'lt do?</p> +<p>Woo't weep? Woo't fight? Woo't fast? Woo't tear</p> +<p>thyself?</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Woo't drink up Eisell?</i> eat a crocodile?</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>I'll do't".</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>The sum of what has been said may be given in the words of +Archdeacon Nares:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"There is no doubt that eisell meant vinegar, nor even that +Shakspeare has used it in that sense; but in this passage it seems +that it must be put for the name of a Danish river.... The question +was much disputed between Messrs. Steevens and Malone: the former +being for the river, the latter for the vinegar; and he endeavored +even to get over the drink up, which stood much in his way. But +after all, the challenge to drink vinegar, in such a rant, is so +inconsistent, and even ridiculous, that we must decide for the +river, whether its name be exactly found or not. To drink up a +river, and eat a crocodile with his impenetrable scales, are two +things equally impossible. There is no kind of comparison between +the others."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I must confess that I was formerly led to adopt this view of the +passage, but on more mature investigation I find that it is wrong. +I see no necessary connection between eating a crocodile and +drinking up eysell; and to drink up was commonly used for simply to +drink. Eisell or Eysell certainly signified vinegar, but it was +certainly not used in that sense by Shakspeare, who may in this +instance be his own expositor; the word occurring again in his +CXIth sonnet.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Whilst, like a willing patient, I will drink</p> +<p>Potions of eysell, 'gainst my strong infection;</p> +<p>No bitterness that I will bitter think,</p> +<p>Nor double penance, to correct correction."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Here we see that it was a bitter potion which it was a penance +to drink. Thus also in the Troy Book of Lydgate:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Of bitter eysell, and of eager wine."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Now numerous passages in our old dramatic writers show that it +was a fashion with the gallants of the time to do some extravagant +feat, as a proof of their love, in honour of their mistresses; and +among others the swallowing some nauseous potion was one of the +most frequent; but vinegar would hardly have been considered in +this light; wormwood might.</p> +<p>In Thomas's Italian Dictionary, 1562, we have "Assentio, Eysell" +and Florio renders that word by vinegar. What is meant, however, is +Absinthites or Wormwood wine, a nauseously bitter medicament then +much in use; and this being evidently <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page242" id="page242"></a></span> the +<i>bitter potion of Eysell</i> in the poet's sonnet, was certainly +the nauseous draught proposed to be taken by Hamlet among the other +extravagant feats as tokens of love. The following extracts will +show that in the poet's age this nauseous bitter potion was in +frequent use medicinally.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"ABSINTHIUM, [Greek: apsinthion, aspinthion], Comicis, ab +insigni amarore quo bibeates illud aversantur."-<i>Junius, +Nomenclator ap. Nicot</i>.</p> +<p>"ABSINTHITES, <i>wormwood wine</i>.—<i>Hutton's +Dict</i>.</p> +<p>"Hujus modi autem propomatum <i>hodie</i> apud Christianos +quoque <i>maximus est et frequentissimus usus</i>, quibus potatores +maximi ceu proemiis quibusdam atque præludiis utuntur, ad +dirum illud suum propinandi certamen. <i>Ae maxime quidem commune +est proponia absynthites</i>, quod vim habet stomachum corroborandi +et extenuandi, expellendique excrementa quæ in eo +continentur. Hoc fere propomate potatores hodie maxime ab initio +coenæ utuntur ceu pharmaco cum hesternæ, atque +præteritæ, tum futuræ ebrietatis, atque +crapulæ.... <i>amarissimæ sunt potiones +medicatæ</i>, quibus tandem stomachi cruditates immoderato +cibo potuque collectas expurgundi cause uti +coguntur."—Stuckius, <i>Antiquitatæ Corviralium. +Tiguri</i>, 1582, fol. 327.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Of the two latest editors, Mr. Knight decides for the +<i>river</i>, and Mr. Collier does not decide at all. Our northern +neighbours think us almost as much deficient in philological +illustration as in enlarged philosophical criticism on the poet, in +which they claim to have shown us the way.</p> +<p class="author">S.W. SINGER.</p> +<p>Mickleham, Aug. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>AUTHORS OF THE ROLLIAD.</h3> +<p>To the list of subjects and authors in this unrivalled volume, +communicated by LORD BRAYBROOKE (Vol. ii., p. 194.), I would add +that No. XXI. <i>Probationary Odes</i> (which is unmarked in the +Sunning-hill Park copy) was written by Dr. Laurence: so also were +Nos. XIII. and XIV., of which LORD BRAYBROOKE speaks doubtfully. My +authority is the note in the correspondence of Burke and Laurence +published in 1827, page 21. The other names all agree with my own +copy, marked by the late Mr. A. Chalmers.</p> +<p>In order to render the account of the work complete, I would add +the following list of writers of the <i>Political Miscellanies</i>. +Those marked with an asterisk are said "not to be from the +club:"—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"* Probationary Ode Extraordinary, by Mason.</p> +<p>The Statesmen, an Eclogue. Read.</p> +<p>Rondeau to the Right Honourable W. Eden. Dr. Laurence.</p> +<p>Epigrams from the Club. Miscellaneous.</p> +<p>The Delavaliad. Dr. Laurence.</p> +<p>This is the House that George built. Richardson.</p> +<p>Epigrams by Sir Cecil Wray. Tickell and Richardson.</p> +<p>Lord Graham's Diary, not marked.</p> +<p>* Extracts from 2nd Vol. of Lord Mulgrave's Essays.</p> +<p>* Anecdotes of Mr. Pitt.</p> +<p>Letter from a New Member.</p> +<p>* Political Receipt Book, &c.</p> +<p>* Hints from Dr. Pretyman.</p> +<p>A tale 'at Brookes's once,' &c. Richardson.</p> +<p>Dialogue 'Donec Gratus eram Tibi.' Lord J. Townshend.</p> +<p>Pretymaniana, principally by Tickell and Richardson.</p> +<p>Foreign Epigrams, the same and Dr. Laurence.</p> +<p>* Advertisement Extraordinary.</p> +<p>Vive le Scrutiny. Bate Dudley.</p> +<p>* Paragraph Office, Ivy Lane.</p> +<p>* Pitt and Pinetti.</p> +<p>* New Abstract of the Budget for 1784.</p> +<p>Theatrical Intelligence Extraordinary. Richardson.</p> +<p>The Westminster Guide (unknown). Part II. (unknown).</p> +<p>Inscription for the Duke of Richmond's Bust (unknown).</p> +<p>Epigram, 'Who shall expect,' &c. Richardson.</p> +<p>A New Ballad, 'Billy Eden.' Tickell and Richardson.</p> +<p>Epigrams on Sir Elijah Impey, and by Mr. Wilberforce +(unknown).</p> +<p>A Proclamation, by Richardson.</p> +<p>* Original Letter to Corbett.</p> +<p>* Congratulatory Ode to Right Hon. C. Jenkinson.</p> +<p>* Ode to Sir Elijah Impey.</p> +<p>* Song.</p> +<p>* A New Song, 'Billy's Budget.'</p> +<p>* Epigrams.</p> +<p>* Ministerial Undoubted Facts (unknown).</p> +<p>Journal of the Right Hon. Hen. Dundas. From the Club. +Miscellaneous.</p> +<p>Incantation. Fitzpatrick.</p> +<p>Translations of Lord Belgrave's Quotations. From the Club. +Miscellaneous."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Some of these minor contributions were from the pen of O'Beirne, +afterwards Bishop of Meath.</p> +<p>Tickell should be joined with Lord John Townshend in "Jekyll." +The former contributed the lines parodied from Pope.</p> +<p>In reply to LORD BRAYBROOKE'S Query, Moore, in his <i>Life of +Sheridan</i>, speaks of Lord John Townshend as the only survivor of +"this confederacy of wits:" so that, if he is correct, the author +of "Margaret Nicholson" (Adair) cannot be now living.</p> +<p class="author">J.H.M.</p> +<p>Bath.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTES AND QUERIES.</h3> +<p>"There is nothing new under the sun," quoth the Preacher; and +such must be said of "NOTES AND QUERIES." Your contributor M. (Vol. +ii, p. 194.) has drawn attention to the <i>Weekly Oracle</i>, which +in 1736 gave forth its responses to the inquiring public; but, as +he intimates, many similar periodicals might be instanced. Thus, we +have <i>Memoirs for the Ingenious</i>, 1693, 4to., edited by I. de +la Crose; <i>Memoirs for the Curious</i>, 1701, 4to.; <i>The +Athenian Oracle</i>, 1704, 8vo.; <i>The Delphick Oracle</i>, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page243" id= +"page243"></a></span> 1720, 8vo.; <i>The British Apollo</i>, +1740, 12mo.; with several others of less note. The three last +quoted answer many singular questions in theology, law, medicine, +physics, natural history, popular superstitions, &c., not +always very satisfactorily or very intelligently, but still, often +amusingly and ingeniously. <i>The British Apollo: containing two +thousand Answers to curious Questions in most Arts and Sciences, +serious, comical, and humourous</i>, the fourth edition of which I +have now before me, indulges in answering such questions as these: +"How old was Adam when Eve was created?—Is it lawful to eat +black pudding?—Whether the moon in Ireland is like the moon +in England? Where is hell situated? Do cocks lay eggs?" &c. In +answer to the question, "Why is gaping catching?" the Querists of +1740 are gravely told,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Gaping or yawning is infectious, because the steams of the +blood being ejected out of the mouth, doth infect the ambient air, +which being received by the nostrils into another man's mouth, doth +irritate the fibres of the hypogastric muscle to open the mouth to +discharge by expiration the unfortunate gust of air infected with +the steams of blood, as aforesaid."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The feminine gender, we are further told, is attributed to a +ship, "because a ship carries burdens, and therefore resembles a +pregnant woman."</p> +<p>But as the faith of 1850 in <i>The British Apollo</i>, with its +two thousand answers, may not be equal to the faith of 1740, what +dependence are we to place in the origin it attributes to two very +common words, a <i>bull</i>, and a <i>dun</i>?—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Why, when people speak improperly, is it termed a +bull?—It became a proverb from the repeated blunders of one +<i>Obadiah Bull</i>, a lawyer of London, who lived in the reign of +King Henry VII."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Now for the second,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Pray tell me whence you can derive the original of the word +<i>dun</i>? Some falsely think it comes from the French, where +<i>donnez</i> signifies <i>give me</i>, implying a demand of +something due; but the true original of this expression owes its +birth to one <i>Joe Dun</i>, a famous bailiff of the town of +Lincoln, so extremely active, and so dexterous at the management of +his rough business, that it became a proverb, when a man refused to +pay his debts, 'Why don't you <i>Dun</i> him?' that is, why don't +you send Dun to arrest him? Hence it grew a custom, and is now as +old as since the days of Henry VII."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Were these twin worthies, Obadiah Bull the lawyer, and Joe Dun +the bailiff, men of straw for the nonce, or veritable flesh and +blood? They both flourished, it appears, in the reign of Henry +VII.; and to me it is doubtful whether one reign could have +produced two worthies capable of cutting so deep a notch in the +English tongue.</p> +<p>"To dine with Duke Humphrey," we are told, arose from the +practice of those who had shared his dainties when alive being in +the habit of perambulating St. Paul's, where he was buried, at the +dining time of day; what dinner they then had, they had with Duke +Humphrey the defunct.</p> +<p>Your contributor MR. CUNNINGHAM will be able to decide as to the +value of the origin of Tyburn here given to us:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"As to the antiquity of Tyburn, it is no older than the year +1529; before that time, the place of execution was in <i>Rotten +Row</i> in <i>Old Street</i>. As for the etymology of the word +<i>Tyburn</i>, some will have it proceed from the words <i>tye</i> +and <i>burn</i>, alluding to the manner of executing traitors at +that place; others believe it took its name from a small river or +brook once running near it, and called by the Romans Tyburnia. +Whether the first or second is the truest, the querist may judge as +he thinks fit."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>And so say I.</p> +<p>A readable volume might be compiled from these "NOTES AND +QUERIES," which amused our grandfathers; and the works I have +indicated will afford much curious matter in etymology, folk-lore, +topography, &c., to the modern antiquary.</p> +<p class="author">CORKSCREW.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>JAMES THE SECOND, HIS REMAINS.</h3> +<p>The following curious account was given to me by Mr. +Fitz-Simons, an Irish gentleman, upwards of eighty years of age, +with whom I became acquainted when resident with my family at +Toulouse, in September, 1840; he having resided in that city for +many years as a teacher of the French and English languages, and +had attended the late Sir William Follett in the former capacity +there in 1817. He said,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"I was a prisoner in Paris, in the convent of the English +Benedictines in the Rue St. Jaques, during part of the revolution. +In the year 1793 or 1794, the body of King James II. of England was +in one of the chapels there, where it had been deposited some time, +under the expectation that it would one day be sent to England for +interment in Westminster Abbey. It had never been buried. The body +was in a wooden coffin, inclosed in a leaden one; and that again +inclosed in a second wooden one, covered with black velvet. That +while I was so a prisoner, the sans-culottes broke open the coffins +to get at the lead to cast into bullets. The body lay exposed +nearly a whole day. It was swaddled like a mummy, bound tight with +garters. The sans-culottes took out the body, which had been +embalmed. There was a strong smell of vinegar and camphor. The +corpse was beautiful and perfect. The hands and nails were very +fine, I moved and bent every finger. I never saw so fine a set of +teeth in my life. A young lady, a fellow prisoner, wished much to +have a tooth; I tried to get one out for her, but could not, they +were so firmly fixed. The feet also were very beautiful. The face +and cheeks were just as if he were alive. I rolled his eyes: the +eye-balls were perfectly firm under my finger. The French and +English prisoners <span class="pagenum"><a name="page244" id= +"page244"></a></span> gave money to the sans-culottes for +showing the body. They said he was a good sans-culotte, and they +were going to put him into a hole in the public churchyard like +other sans-culottes; and he was carried away, but where the body +was thrown I never heard. King George IV. tried all in his power to +get tidings of the body, but could not. Around the chapel were +several wax moulds of the face hung up, made probably at the time +of the king's death, and the corpse was very like them. The body +had been originally kept at the palace of St. Germain, from whence +it was brought to the convent of the Benedictines. Mr. Porter, the +prior, was a prisoner at the time in his own convent."</p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The above I took down from Mr. Fitz-Simons' own mouth, and read +it to him, and he said it was perfectly correct. Sir W. Follett +told me he thought Mr. Fitz-Simons was a runaway Vinegar Hill boy. +He told me that he was a monk.</p> +<p class="author">PITMAN JONES.</p> +<p>Exeter, Aug. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> +<p><i>The Legend of Sir Richard Baker</i> (vol. ii., p. +67.).—Will F.L. copy the inscription on the monument in +Cranbrook Church? The dates on it will test the veracity of the +legend. In the reign of Queen Mary, the representative of the +family was Sir John Baker, who in that, and the previous reigns of +Edward VI. and Henry VIII., had held some of the highest offices in +the kingdom. He had been Recorder of London, Speaker of the House +of Commons, Attorney-General and Chancellor of the Exchequer, and +died in the first year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. His son, +Sir Richard Baker, was twice high-sheriff of the county of Kent, +and had the honour of entertaining Queen Elizabeth in her progress +through the county. This was, most likely, the person whose +monument F.L. saw in Cranbrook Church. The family had been settled +there from the time of Edward III., and seem to have been adding +continually to their possessions; and at the time mentioned by F.L. +as that of their decline, namely, in the reign of Edward VI., they +were in reality increasing in wealth and dignities. If the Sir +Richard Baker whose monument is referred to by F.L. was the son of +the Sir John above mentioned, the circumstances of his life +disprove the legend. He was not the sole representative of the +family remaining at the accession of Queen Mary. His father was +then living, and at the death of his father his brother John +divided with him the representation of the family, and had many +descendants. The family estates were not dissipated; on the +contrary, they were handed down through successive generations, to +one of whom, a grandson of Sir Richard, the dignity of a baronet +was given; and Sivinghurst, which was the family seat, was in the +possession of the third and last baronet's grandson, E.S. Beagham, +in the year 1730. Add to this that the Sir Richard Baker in +question was twice married, and that a monumental erection of the +costly and honourable description mentioned by F.L. was allowed to +be placed to his memory in the chancel of the church of the parish +in which such Bluebeard atrocities are said to have been committed, +and abundant grounds will thence appear for rejecting the truth of +the legend in the absence of all evidence. The unfortunately red +colour of the gloves most likely gave rise to the story. Nor is +this a solitary instance of such a legend having such an origin. In +the beautiful parish church of Aston, in Warwickshire, are many +memorials of the Baronet family of Holt, who owned the adjoining +domain and hall, the latter of which still remains, a magnificent +specimen of Elizabethan architecture. Either in one of the +compartments of a painted window of the church, or upon a +monumental marble to one of the Holts, is the Ulster badge, as +showing the rank of the deceased, and painted red. From the colour +of the badge, a legend of the bloody hand has been created as +marvellous as that of the Bloody Baker, so fully detailed by +F.L.</p> +<p class="author">ST. JOHNS.</p> +<p class="note">[Will our correspondent favour us by communicating +the Aston Legend of the Holt Family to which he refers?]</p> +<p><i>Langley, Kent, Prophetic Spring at.</i>—The following +"note" upon a passage in <i>Warkworth's Chronicle</i> (pp. 23, 24.) +may perhaps possess sufficient interest to warrant its insertion in +your valuable little publication. The passage is curious, not only +as showing the superstitious dread with which a simple natural +phenomenon was regarded by educated and intelligent men four +centuries ago, but also as affording evidence of the accurate +observation of a writer, whose labours have shed considerable light +upon "one of the darkest periods in our annals." The chronicler is +recording the occurrence, in the thirteenth year of Edward the +Fourth, of a "gret hote somere," which caused much mortality, and +"unyversalle fevers, axes, and the blody flyx in dyverse places of +Englonde," and also occasioned great dearth and famine "in the +southe partyes of the worlde."</p> +<p>He then remarks that "dyverse tokenes have be schewede in +Englonde this year for amendynge of mannys lyvynge," and proceeds +to enumerate several springs or waters in various places, which +only ran at intervals, and by their running always portended +"derthe, pestylence, or grete batayle." After mentioning several of +these, he adds—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Also ther is a pytte in Kent in Langley Parke: ayens any +batayle he wille be drye, and it rayne neveyre so myche; and if +ther be no batayle toward, he wille be fulle of watere, be it +neveyre so drye a wethyre; and this yere he is drye."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Langley Park, situated in a parish of the same <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page245" id="page245"></a></span> name, +about four miles to the south-east of Maidstone, and once the +residence of the Leybournes and other families, well-known in +Kentish history, has long existed only in name, having been +disparked prior to 1570; but the "pytte," or stream, whose wondrous +qualities are so quaintly described by Warkworth, still flows at +intervals. It is scarcely necessary to add, that it belongs to the +class known as <i>intermitting springs</i>, the phenomena displayed +by which are easily explained by the syphon-like construction of +the natural reservoirs whence they are supplied.</p> +<p>I have never heard that any remnant of this curious superstition +can now be traced in the neighbourhood, but persons long acquainted +with the spot have told me that the state of the stream was +formerly looked upon as a good index of the probable future price +of corn. The same causes, which regulated the supply or deficiency +of water, would doubtless also affect the fertility of the +soil.</p> +<p class="author">EDWARD R.J. HOWE.</p> +<p>Chancery Lane, Aug. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR NOTES.</h3> +<p><i>Poem by Malherbe</i> (Vol. ii., p. 104.).—Possibly your +correspondent MR. SINGER may not be aware of the fact that the +beauty of the fourth stanza of Malherbe's Ode on the Death of +Rosette Duperrier is owing to a typographical error. The poet had +written in his MS.—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Et Rosette a vécu ce que vivent les roses," &c.,</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>omitting to cross his <i>t</i>'s, which the compositor took for +<i>l</i>'s, and set up <i>Roselle</i>. On receiving the +proof-sheet, at the passage in question a sudden light burst upon +Malherbe; of <i>Roselle</i> he made two words, and put in two +beautiful lines—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Et Rose, elle a vécu ce que vivent les roses,</p> +<p>L'espace d'un matin."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>(See <i>Français peints par eux-mémes</i>, vol. +ii. p. 270.)</p> +<p class="author">P.S. KING.</p> +<p>Kennington.</p> +<p><i>Travels of Two English Pilgrims.</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A True and Strange Discourse of the Travailes of Two English +Pilgrimes: what admirable Accidents befell them in their Journey to +Jerusalem, Gaza, Grand Cayro, Alexandria, and other places. Also, +what rare Antiquities, Monuments, and notable Memories (concording +with the Ancient Remembrances in the Holy Scriptures), they sawe in +the Terra Sancta; with a perfect Description of the Old and New +Jerusalem, and Situation of the Countries about them. A Discourse +of no lesse Admiration, then well worth the regarding: written by +one of them on the behalfe of himselfe and his fellowe Pilgrime. +Imprinted at London for Thomas Archer, and are to be solde at his +Shoppe, by the Royall Exchange. 1603."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>A copy of this 4to. tract, formerly in the hands of Francis +Meres, the author of <i>Wit's Commonwealth</i>, has the following +MS. note:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Timberley, dwellinge on Tower Hill, a maister of a ship, made +this booke, as Mr. Anthony Mundye tould me. Thomas, at Mrs. +Gosson's, sent my wyfe this booke for a token, February 15. A.D. +1602."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">P.B.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>QUERIES.</h2> +<h3>QUOTATIONS IN BISHOP ANDREWES' TORTURA TORTI.</h3> +<p>Can any of your contributors help me to ascertain the following +quotations which occur in Bishop Andrewes' <i>Tortura +Torti</i>?</p> +<p>P. 49.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Si clavem potestatis non præcedat clavis +discretionis."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>P. 58.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Dispensationes nihil aliud esse quam legum vulnera."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>P. 58.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Non dispensatio est, sed dissipatio."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This, though not marked as a quotation, is, I believe, in <i>S. +Bernard</i>.</p> +<p>P. 183.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Et quæ de septem totum circumspicit orbem Montibus, +imperii Roma Deûmque locus."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>P. 225.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Nemo pius, qui pietatem cavet."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>P. 185.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Minutuli et patellares Dei."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>I should also be glad to ascertain whence the following passages +are derived, which he quotes in his <i>Responsio ad +Apologiam</i>?</p> +<p>P. 48.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"[Greek: to gar trephon me tout ego kalo theon.]"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>P. 145.:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Vanæ sine viribus iræ."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>P. 119. occurs the "versiculus,"</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Perdere quos vult hos dementat;"</p> +</blockquote> +<p>the source of which some of your contributors have endeavoured +to ascertain.</p> +<p class="author">JAMES BLISS.</p> +<p>Ogbourne St. Andrew.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>The Spider and the Fly.</i>—Can any of your readers, +gentle or simple, senile or juvenile, inform me, through the medium +of your useful and agreeable periodical, in what collection of +nursery rhymes a poem called, I think, "The Spider and Fly," +occurs, and if procurable, where? The lines I allude to consisted, +to the best of my recollection, of a dialogue between a fly and a +spider, and began thus:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page246" id= "page246"></a></span> +<i>Fly</i>. Spider, spider, what do you spin?</p> +<p><i>Spider</i>. Mainsails for a man-of war.</p> +<p><i>Fly</i>. Spider, spider, 'tis too thin.</p> +<p class="i4">Tell me truly, what 'tis for.</p> +<p><i>Spider</i>. 'Tis for curtains for the king,</p> +<p class="i4">When he lies in his state bed.</p> +<p><i>Fly</i>. Spider, 'tis too mean a thing,</p> +<p class="i4">Tell me why your toils you spread.</p> +<p class="i4">&c. &c. &c.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>There were other stanzas, I believe, but these are all I can +remember. My notion is, that the verses in question form part of a +collection of nursery songs and rhymes by Charles Lamb, published +many years ago, but now quite out of print. This, however, is a +mere surmise on my part, and has no better foundation than the vein +of humour, sprightliness, and originality, obvious enough in the +above extract, which we find running through and adorning all he +wrote. "Nihil quod tetigit non ornavit."</p> +<p class="author">S.J.</p> +<p><i>A Lexicon of Types.</i>—Can any of your readers inform +me of the existence of a collection of emblems or types? I do not +mean allegorical pictures, but isolated symbols, alphabetically +arranged or otherwise.</p> +<p>Types are constantly to be met with upon monuments, coins, and +ancient title-pages, but so mixed with other matters as to render +the finding a desired symbol, unless very familiar, a work of great +difficulty. Could there be a systematic arrangement of all those +known, with their definitions, it would be a very valuable work of +reference,—a work in which one might pounce upon all the +sacred symbols, classic types, signs, heraldic zoology, +conventional botany, monograms, and the like abstract art.</p> +<p class="author">LUKE LIMNER.</p> +<p><i>Montaigne, Select Essays of.</i>—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Essays selected from Montaigne, with a Sketch of the Life of +the Author. London. For P. Cadell, &c. 1800."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This volume is dedicated to the Rev. William Coxe, rector of +Bemerton.</p> +<p>The life of Montaigne is dated the 28th of March, 1800, and +signed <i>Honoria</i>. At the end of the book is this +advertisement:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Lately published by the same Author 'The Female Mentor.' 2d +edit., in 2 vols. 12mo."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Who was <i>Honoria</i>? and are these <i>essays</i> a scarce +book in England? In France it is entirely unknown to the numerous +commentators on Montaigne's works.</p> +<p class="author">O.D.</p> +<p><i>Custom of wearing the Breast uncovered in Elizabeth's +Reign.</i>—Fynes Moryson, in a well-known passage of his +<i>Itinerary</i>, (which I suppose I need not transcribe), tells us +that unmarried females and young married women wore the breasts +uncovered in Queen Elizabeth's reign. This is the custom in many +parts of the East. Lamartine mentions it in his pretty description +of Mademoiselle Malagambe: he adds, "it is the custom of the Arab +females." When did this curious custom commence in England, and +when did it go out of fashion?</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>Milton's Lycidas.</i>—In a Dublin edition of Milton's +<i>Paradise Lost</i> (1765), in a memoir prefixed I find the +following explanation of than rather obscure passage in +<i>Lycidas</i>:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Besides what the grim wolf, with privy paw,</p> +<p>Daily devours apace, and nothing said;</p> +<p>But that two-handed engine at the door</p> +<p>Stands ready to smite once, and smite no more."</p> +</div> +</div> +<blockquote> +<p>"This poem is not all made up of sorrow and tenderness, there is +a mixture of satire and indignation: for in part of it, the poet +taketh occasion to inveigh against the corruptions of the clergy, +and seemeth to have first discovered his acrimony against Arb. +Laud, and to have threatened him with the loss of his head, which +afterwards happened to him thorough the fury of his enemies. At +least I can think of no sense so proper to be given to these verses +in Lycidas." (p. vii.)</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Perhaps some of your numerous correspondents will kindly inform +me of the meaning or meanings usually assigned to this passage.</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>Sitting during the Lessons.</i>—What is the origin of +the congregation remaining seated, while the first and second +lessons are read, in the church service? The rubric is silent on +the subject; it merely directs that the person who reads them shall +stand:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"He that readeth so standing and turning himself, as he may best +be heard of all such as are present."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>With respect to the practice of sitting while the epistle is +read, and of standing while the gospel is read, in the communion +service; there is in the rubric a distinct direction that "all the +people are to stand up" during the latter, while it is silent as to +the former. From the silence of the rubric as to standing during +the two lessons of the morning service, and the epistle in the +communion service, it seems to have been inferred that the people +were to sit. But why are they directed to stand during the gospel +in the communion service, while they sit during the second lesson +in the morning service?</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<p><i>Blew-Beer.</i>—Sir, having taken a Note according to +your very sound advice, I addressed a letter to the <i>John +Bull</i> newspaper, which was published on Saturday, Feb. 16. It +contained an extract from a political tract, entitled,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The true History of Betty Ireland, with some Account of her +Sister Blanche of Brittain. Printed for J. Robinson, at the Golden +Lion in Ludgate Street, MDCCLIII. (1753)."</p> +</blockquote> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page247" id= "page247"></a></span> +In allusion to the English the following passage occurs,—</p> + +<blockquote> +<p>"But they forget, they are all so idle and debauched, such +gobbling and drinking rascals, and expensive in <i>blew-beer</i>," +&c.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Query the unde derivatur of <i>blew-beer</i>, and if it is to be +taken in the same sense as the modern phrase of "blue ruin," and if +so, the cause of the change or history of both expressions?</p> +<p class="author">H.</p> +<p><i>Carpatio.</i>—I have lately met with a large aquatinted +engraving, bearing the following descriptive title: "Angliæ +Regis Legati inspiciuntur Sponsam petentes Filiam Dionati +Cornubiæ Regis pro Anglo Principe." The costume of the +figures is of the latter half of the fifteenth century. The +painter's name appears on a scroll, OP. VICTOR CARPATIO VENETI. The +copy of the picture for engraving was drawn by Giovanni de Pian, +and engraved by the same person and Francesco Gallimberti, at +Venice. I do not find the name of Carpatio in the ordinary +dictionaries of painters, and shall be glad to learn whether he has +here represented an historical event, or an incident of some +mediæval romance. I suspect the latter must be the case, as +<i>Cornubia</i> is the Latin word used for Cornwall, and I am not +aware of its having any other application. Is this print the only +one of the kind, or is it one of a set?</p> +<p class="author">J.G.N.</p> +<p><i>Value of Money in Reign of Charles II.</i>—Will any of +your correspondents inform me of the value of 1000<i>l.</i> circa +Charles II. in present money, and the mode in which the difference +is estimated?</p> +<p class="author">DION X.</p> +<p><i>Bishop Berkeley—Adventures of Gaudentio di +Lucca.</i>—I have a volume containing the adventures of +Signor Gaudentio di Lucca, with his examination before the +Inquisition of Bologna. In a bookseller's catalogue I have seen it +ascribed to Bishop Berkeley. Can any of your readers inform me who +was the author, or give me any particulars as to the book?</p> +<p class="author">IOTA.</p> +<p><i>Cupid and Psyche.</i>—Can any of your learned +correspondents inform me whether the fable of Cupid and Psyche was +invented by Apuleius; or whether he made use of a superstition then +current, turning it, as it suited his purpose, into the beautiful +fable which has been handed down to us as his composition?</p> +<p class="author">W.M.</p> +<p><i>Zünd-nadel Guns.</i>—In paper of September or +October last, I saw a letter dated Berlin, Sept. 11, which +commenced—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"We have had this morning a splendid military spectacle, and +being the first of the kind since the revolution, attracted immense +crowds to the scene of action."</p> +<p>"The Fusileer battalions (light infantry) were all armed with +the new zünd-nadel guns, the advantages and superiority of +which over the common percussion musket now admits of no +contradiction, with the sole exception of the facility of loading +being an inducement to fire somewhat too quick, when firing +independently, as in battle, or when acting en tirailleur. The +invincible pedantry and amour-propre of our armourers and +inspectors of arms in England, their disinclination to adopt +inventions not of English growth, and their slowness to avail +themselves of new models until they are no longer new, will, +undoubtedly, exercise the usual influence over giving this powerful +weapon even a chance in England. It is scarcely necessary to point +out the great advantages that these weapons, carrying, let us say, +800 yards with perfect accuracy, have over our muskets, of which +the range does not exceed 150, and that very uncertain. Another +great advantage of the zünd-nadel is, that rifles or light +infantry can load with ease without effort when lying flat on the +ground. The opponents of the zünd-nadel talk of over-rapid +firing and the impossibility of carrying sufficient ammunition to +supply the demands. This is certainly a drawback, but it is +compensated by the immense advantage of being able to pour in a +deadly fire when you yourself are out of range, or of continuing +this fire so speedily as to destroy half your opponents before they +can return a shot with a chance of taking effect."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This was the first intimation I ever had of the zünd-nadel +guns. I should like to know when and by whom they were invented, +and their mechanism.</p> +<p class="author">JARLTZBERG.</p> +<p><i>Bacon Family, Origin of the Name.</i>—Among the able +notes, or the <i>not</i>-able Queries of a recent Number, (I regret +that I have it not at hand, for an exact quotation), a learned +correspondent mentioned, <i>en passant</i>, that the word +<i>bacon</i> had the obsolete signification of "<i>dried wood</i>." +As a patronymic, BACON has been not a little illustrious, in +literature, science, and art; and it would be interesting to know +whether the name has its origin in the crackling fagot or in the +cured flitch. Can any of your genealogical correspondents help me +to authority on the subject?</p> +<p>A modern motto of the Somersetshire Bacons has an ingenious +rebus:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>ProBa-conSCIENTIA;</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>the capitals, thus placed, giving it the double reading, Proba +coniscientia, and Pro Bacon Scientia.</p> +<p class="author">NOCAB.</p> +<p><i>Armorials.</i>—Sable, a fesse or, in chief two fleurs +de lis or, in base a hind courant argent. E.D.B. will feel grateful +to any gentlemen who will kindly inform him of the name of the +family to which the above coat belonged. They were quartered by +Richard or Roger Barow, of Wynthorpe, in Lincolnshire (<i>Harl. +MS.</i> 1552. 42 <i>b</i>), who died in 1505.</p> +<p class="author">E.D.B.</p> +<p><i>Artephius, the Chemical Philosopher.</i>—What is known +of the chemical philosopher Artephius? He is mentioned in Jocker's +<i>Dictionary</i>, and by Roger Bacon (in the <i>Opus Majus</i> and +elsewhere), <span class="pagenum"><a name="page248" id= +"page248"></a></span> and a tract ascribed to him is printed +in the <i>Theatrum Chemicum</i>.</p> +<p class="author">E.</p> +<p><i>Sir Robert Howard.</i>—Can any reader assist me in +finding out the author of</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A Discourse of the Nationall Excellencies of England. By R.H., +London. Printed by Thomas Newcomb for Henry Fletcher, at the Three +Gilt Cups in the New Buildings, near the west end of St. Paul's, +1658. 12 mo., pp. 248."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This is a very remarkable work, written in an admirable style, +and wholly free from the coarse party spirit which then generally +prevailed. The writer declares, p. 235., he had not subscribed the +engagement, and there are internal evidences of his being a +churchman and a monarchist. Is there any proof of its having been +written by Sir Robert Howard? A former possessor of the copy now +before me, has written his name on the title-page as its +conjectured author. My copy of Sir Robert's <i>Poems</i>, published +two years after, was published not by <i>Fletcher</i>, but by +"Henry Herringman, at the sign of the Anchor, in the lower walk of +the New Exchange." John Dryden, Sir Robert's brother-in-law, in the +complimentary stanzas on Howard's poems, says,</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"To write worthy things of worthy men,</p> +<p>Is the peculiar talent of your pen."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I would further inquire if a reason can be assigned for the +omission from Sir Robert Howard's collected plays of <i>The Blind +Lady</i>, the only dramatic piece given in the volume of poems of +1660. My copy is the third edition, published by Tonson, 1722.</p> +<p class="author">A.B.R.</p> +<p><i>Crozier and Pastoral Staff.</i>—What is the real +difference between a crozier and a pastoral staff?</p> +<p class="author">I.Z.P.</p> +<p><i>Marks of Cadency.</i>—The copious manner in which your +correspondent E.K. (Vol. ii., p. 221.) has answered the question as +to the "when and why" of the unicorn being introduced as one of the +supporters of the royal arms, induces me to think that he will +readily and satisfactorily respond to an heraldic inquiry of a +somewhat more intricate nature.</p> +<p>What were the peculiar marks of cadency used by the heirs to the +crown, apparent and presumptive, after the accession of the +Stuarts? For example, what were the changes, if any, upon the label +or file of difference used in the coat-armour of Henry, Prince of +Wales, eldest son of James I., and of his brother Charles, when +Prince of Wales, and so on, to the present time?</p> +<p><i>Miniature Gibbet, &c.</i>—A correspondent of the +<i>Times</i> newspaper has recently given the following account of +an occurrence which took place about twenty-five years ago, and the +concluding ceremony of which he personally witnessed:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"A man had been condemned to be hung for murder. On the Sunday +morning previous to the sentence being carried into execution, he +contrived to commit suicide in the prison by cutting his throat +with a razor. On Monday morning, according to the then custom, his +body was brought out from Newgate in a cart; and after Jack Ketch +had exhibited to the people a small model gallows, with a razor +hanging therefrom, in the presence of the sheriffs and city +authorities, he was thrown into a hole dug for that purpose. A +stake was driven through his body, and a quantity of lime thrown in +over it."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Will any correspondent of "NOTES AND QUERIES" give a solution of +this extraordinary exhibition? Had the sheriffs and city +authorities any legal sanction for Jack Ketch's disgusting part in +the performances? What are the meaning and origin of driving a +stake through the body of a suicide?</p> +<p class="author">A.G.</p> +<p>Ecclesfield</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>REPLIES</h2> +<h3>COLLAR OF SS.</h3> +<p>If you desire proof of the great utility of your publication, +methinks there is a goodly quantum of it in the very interesting +and valuable information on the Collar of SS., which the short +simple question of B. (Vol. ii., p. 89.) has drawn forth; all +tending to illustrate a mooted historical question:—first, in +the reply of [Greek: Phi.] (Vol. ii., p. 110.), giving reference to +the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, with two <i>rider</i>-Queries; +then MR. NICHOLS'S announcement (Vol. ii., p. 140.) of a +forthcoming volume on the subject, and a reply in part to the Query +of [Greek: Phi.]; then (Vol. ii, p. 171.) MR. E. FOSS, as to the +<i>rank</i> of the legal worthies allowed to wear this badge of +honour; and next (Vol. ii., p. 194.) an ARMIGER, who, though he +rides rather high on the subject, over all the Querists and +Replyists, deserves many thanks for his very instructive and +scholarlike dissertation.</p> +<p>What the S. signifies has evidently been a puzzle. That a chain +is a badge of honour, there can be no doubt; but may not the +<i>Esses</i>, after all, mean nothing at all? originating in the +simple S. link, a form often used in chain-work, and under the name +of S. A series of such, linked together, would produce an elegant +design, which in the course of years would be wrought more like the +letter, and be embellished and varied according to the skill and +taste of the workman, and so, that which at first had no particular +meaning, and was merely accidental, would, after a time, be +<i>supposed</i> to be the <i>initial letters</i> of what is now +only guessed at, or be involved in heraldic mystery. As for [Greek: +Phi.]'s rider-Query (Vol ii., p. 110.), repeated by MR. FOSS (Vol. +ii., p. 171.), as to dates,—it may be one step towards a +reply if I here mention, that in Yatton Church, Somerset, there +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page249" id= +"page249"></a></span> is a beautifully wrought alabaster +monument, without inscription, but traditionally ascribed to judge +Newton, alias Cradock, and his wife Emma de Wyke. There can be no +doubt, from the costume, that the effigy is that of a judge, and +under his robes is visible the Collar of Esses. The monument is in +what is called the Wyke aisle or chapel. That it is Cradock's, is +confirmed by a garb or wheat-sheaf, on which his head is laid. (The +arms of Cradock are, Arg. on a chevron az. 3 <i>garbs</i> or.) +Besides, in the very interesting accounts of the churchwardens of +the parish, annis 1450-1, among the receipts there is this +entry:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"It.: Recipim. de Dnà de Wyke p. man. T. Newton filii sui +de legato Dni. Riei. Newton ad —— p. campana ... +xx."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Richard Cradock was the first of his family who took the name of +Newton, and I have been informed that the last fine levied before +him was, Oct. Mart. 27 Hen. VI. (Nov. 1448), proving that the +canopied altar tomb in Bristol Cathedral, assigned to him, and +recording that he died 1444, must be an error. It is stated, that +the latter monument was defaced during the civil wars, and repaired +in 1747, which is, probably, all that is true of it. But this would +carry me into another subject, to which, perhaps, I may be allowed +to return some other day. However, we have got a date for the use +of the collar by the <i>chief</i> judges, <i>earlier</i> than that +assigned by MR. FOSS, and it is somewhat confirmatory of what he +tells us, that it was not worn by any of the <i>puisne</i> +order.</p> +<p class="author">H.T. ELLACOMBE.</p> +<p>Bitton, Aug. 1850.</p> +<hr /> +<p><i>The Livery Collar of SS.</i>—Though ARMIGER (Vol. ii., +p. 194.) has not adduced any facts on this subject that were +previously unknown to me, he has advanced some misstatements and +advocated some erroneous notions, which it may be desirable at once +to oppose and contradict; inasmuch as they are calculated to +envelope in fresh obscurity certain particulars, which it was the +object of my former researches to set forth in their true light. +And first, I beg to say that with respect to the "four +inaccuracies" with which he charges me, I do not plead guilty to +any of them. 1st. When B. asked the question, "Is there any list of +persons who were honoured with that badge?" it was evident that he +meant, Is there any list of the names of such persons, as of the +Knights of the Garter or the Bath? and I correctly answered, No: +for there still is no such list. The description of the classes of +persons who might use the collar in the 2 Hen. IV. is not such a +list as B. asked for. 2dly. Where I said "That persons were not +honoured with the badge, in the sense that persons are now +decorated with stars, crosses, or medals," I am again unrefuted by +the statute of 2 Hen. IV., and fully supported by many historical +facts. I repeat that the livery collar was not worn as a badge of +honour, but as a badge of feudal allegiance. It seems to have been +regarded as giving certain weight and authority to the wearer, and, +therefore, was only to be worn in the king's presence, or in coming +to and from the king's hostel, except by the higher ranks; and this +entirely confirms my view. Had it been a mere personal decoration, +like the collar of an order of knighthood, there would have been no +reason for such prohibition; but as it conveyed the impression that +the wearer was especially one of the king's immediate military or +household servants, and invested with certain power or influence on +that ground, therefore its assumption away from the neighbourhood +of the court was prohibited, except to individuals otherwise well +known from their personal rank and station. 3dly. When ARMIGER +declares I am wrong in saying "That the collar was <i>assumed</i>," +I have every reason to believe I am still right. I may admit that, +if it was literally a livery, it would be worn only by those to +whom the king gave it; but my present impression is, that it was +termed the king's livery, as being of the pattern which was +originally distributed by the king, or by the Duke of Lancaster his +father, to his immediate adherents, but which was afterwards +<i>assumed</i> by all who were anxious to assert their loyalty, or +distinguish their partizanship as true Lancastrians; so that the +statute of 2 Hen. IV. was rendered necessary to restrain its undue +and extravagant <i>assumption</i>, for sundry good political +reasons, some notion of which may be gathered by perusing the poem +on the deposition of Richard II. published by the Camden Society. +And 4thly, Where ARMIGER disputes my conclusion, that the assumers +were, so far as can be ascertained, those who were attached to the +royal household or service, it will be perceived, by what I have +already stated, that I still adhere to that conclusion. I do not, +therefore, admit that the statute of 2 Henry IV. shows me to be +incorrect in any one of those four particulars. ARMIGER next +proceeds to allude to Manlius Torquatus, who won and wore the +golden torc of a vanquished Gaul: but this story only goes to prove +that the collar of the Roman <i>torquati</i> originated in a +totally different way from the Lancastrian collar of livery. +ARMIGER goes on to enumerate the several derivations of the Collar +of Esses—from the initial letter of <i>Soverayne</i>, from +<i>St. Simplicius</i>, from <i>St. Crispin</i> and <i>St. +Crispinian</i>, the martyrs of Soissons, from the <i>Countess of +Salisbury</i>, from the word <i>Souvenez</i>, and lastly, from the +office of <i>Seneschalus</i>, or Steward of England, held by John +of Ghent,—which is, as he says, "Mr. Nichols's notion," but +the whole of which he stigmatises alike "as mere monkish or +heraldic gossip;" and, finally, he proceeds to unfold his own +recondite discovery, "viz. that it comes from the S-shaped lever +upon the bit <span class="pagenum"><a name="page250" id= +"page250"></a></span> of the bridle of the war steed,"—a +conjecture which will assuredly have fewer adherents than any one +of its predecessors. But now comes forth the disclosure of what +school of heraldry this ARMIGER is the champion. He is one who can +tell us of "many more rights and privileges than are dreamt of in +the philosophy either of the court of St. James's or the college of +St. Bennet's Hill!" In short, he is the mouthpiece of "the +Baronets' Committee for Privileges." And this is the law which he +lays down:—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The persons now privileged to wear the ancient golden collar of +SS. are the <i>equites aurati</i>, or knights (chevaliers) in the +British monarchy, a body which includes all the hereditary order of +baronets in England, Scotland, and Ireland, with such of their +eldest sons, being of age, as choose to claim inauguration as +knights."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Here we have a full confession of a large part of the faith of +the Baronets' Committee,—a committee of which the greater +number of those who lent their names to it are probably by this +time heartily ashamed. It is the doctrine held forth in several +works on the Baronetage compiled by a person calling himself "Sir +Richard Broun," of whom we read in Dodd's <i>Baronetage</i>, that +"previous to succeeding his father, he demanded inauguration as a +knight, in the capacity of a baronet's eldest son; but the Lord +Chamberlain having refused to present him to the Queen for that +purpose, he assumed the title of 'Sir,' and the addition of 'Eques +Auratus,' in June, 1842." So we see that ARMIGER and the Lord +Chamberlain are at variance as to part of the law above cited; and +so, it might be added, have been other legal authorities, to the +privileges asserted by the mouthpiece of the said committee. But +that is a long story, on which I do not intend here to enter. I had +not forgotten that in one of the publications of Sir Richard Broun +the armorial coat of the premier baronet of each division is +represented encircled with a Collar of Esses; but I should never +have thought of alluding to this freak, except as an amusing +instance of fantastic assumption. I will now confine myself to what +has appeared in the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES;" and, more +particularly, to the unfounded assertion of ARMIGER in p. 194., +"that the golden Collar of SS. was the undoubted badge or mark of a +knight, <i>eques auratus</i>;" which he follows up by the dictum +already quoted, that "the persons now privileged to wear the +ancient golden Collar of SS. are the <i>equites aurati</i>." I +believe it is generally admitted that knights were <i>equites +aurati</i> because they wore golden or gilt spurs; certainly it was +not because they wore golden collars, as ARMIGER seems to wish us +to believe; and the best proof that the Collar of Esses was not the +badge of a knight, as such, at the time when such collars were most +worn, in the fifteenth century, is this—that the monumental +effigies and sepulchral brasses of many knights at that time are +still extant which have no Collar of Esses; whilst the Collar of +Esses appears only on the figures of a limited number, who were +undoubtedly such as wished to profess their especial adherence to +the royal House of Lancaster.</p> +<p class="author">JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SIR GREGORY NORTON, BART.</h3> + +<h4>(Vol. ii., p. 216.)</h4> + +<p>The creation of the baronetcy of <i>Norton</i>, of Rotherfield, +in East Tysted, co. Hants, took place in the person of Sir Richard +Norton, of Rotherfield, Kt., 23d May, 1622, and <i>expired</i> with +him on his death without male issue in 1652.</p> +<p>The style of Baronet, in the case of <i>Sir Gregory Norton</i>, +the <i>regicide</i>, was an assumption not uncommon in those days; +as in the case of <i>Prettyman</i> of Lodington, and others.</p> +<p>The regicide in his will styles himself "Sir Richard Norton, of +Paul's, Covent Garden, in the county of Middlesex, Bart." It bears +date 12th March, 1651, and was proved by his relict, Dame Martha +Norton, 24th Sept., 1652. He states that his land at Penn, in the +county of Bucks, was <i>mortgaged</i>, and mentions his +"disobedient son, Henrie Norton;" and desires his burial-place may +be at Richmond, co. Surrey.</p> +<p>The descent of Gregory Norton is not known. There is no evidence +of his connexion with the Rotherfield or Southwick Nortons. His +assumption of the title was not under any claim he could have had, +real or imaginary, connected with the Rotherfield patent; for he +uses the title at the same time with Sir Richard of Rotherfield, +whose will is dated 26th July, 1652, and not proved till 5th Oct, +1652, when Sir Gregory was dead; and, what is singular, the will of +Sir Richard was proved by his brother, John Norton, by the style of +<i>Baronet</i>, to which he could have had no pretension, as Sir +Richard died without male issue, and there was no limitation of the +patent of 1622 on failure of heirs male of the body of the +grantee.</p> +<p class="author">G.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>SHAKSPEARE'S WORD "DELIGHTED."</h3> +<p>That the Shakspearian word <i>delighted</i> might, as far as its +form goes, mean "endowed with delight," "full of delight," I should +readily concede; but this meaning would suit neither the passage in +<i>Measure for Measure</i>,—"the delighted spirit,"—nor +(satisfactorily) that in <i>Othello</i>,—"delighted beauty." +Whether, therefore, <i>delighted</i> be derived from the Latin +<i>delectus</i> or not, I still believe that it means "refined," +"dainty," "delicate;" a sense which is curiously adapted to each of +the three places. This will not be questioned with respect to the +second and third passages cited by <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page251" id="page251"></a></span> MR. HICKSON: and the +following citations will, I think, prove the point as effectually +for the passage of <i>Measure for Measure</i>:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>1. "<i>Fine</i> apparition".—<i>Tempest</i>, Act i. sc. +2.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>2. "Spirit, <i>fine</i> spirit."—Ditto.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>3. "<i>Delicate</i> Ariel."—Ditto.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>4. "And, for thou wast a spirit too <i>delicate</i>,</p> +<p class="i4">To act her <i>earthy</i> and abhorred commands."</p> +<p class="i10">Ditto.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>5. "<i>Fine</i> Ariel."—Ditto.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>6. "My <i>delicate</i> Ariel."—Ditto. Act iv. sc. 1.</p> +</div> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>7. "Why that's my <i>dainty</i> Ariel."—Ditto. Act v.</p> +<p class="i4">sc. 1.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>I do not know the precise nature of the "old authorities" which +MR. SINGER opposes to my conjecture: but may we not demur to the +conclusiveness of any "old authorities" on such a point? Etymology +seems to be one of the developing sciences, in which we know more, +and better, than our forefathers, as our descendants will know +more, and better, than we do.</p> +<p>To end with a brace of queries. Are not <i>delicioe</i>, +<i>delicatus</i>, more probably from <i>deligere</i> than from +<i>delicere</i>? And whence comes the word <i>dainty</i>? I cannot +believe in the derivation from <i>dens</i>, "a tooth."</p> +<p class="author">B.H. KENNEDY.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>AËROSTATION.</h3> +<p>Your correspondent C.B.M. (Vol. ii., p 199.) will find a long +article on <i>Aërostation</i> in Rees' +<i>Cyclopædia</i>; but his inquiry reminds me of a +conversation I had with the late Sir Anthony Carlisle, about a year +before his death. He wished to consult me on the subject of flying +by mechanical means, and that I should assist him in some of his +arrangements. He had devoted many years of his life to the +consideration of this subject, and made numerous experiments at +great cost, which induced him to believe in the possibility of +enabling man to fly by means of artificial wings. However visionary +this idea might be, he had collected innumerable and extremely +interesting data, having examined the anatomical structure of +almost every winged thing in the creation, and compared the weight +of the body with the area of the wings when expanded in the act of +volitation as well as the natural habits of birds, insects, bats, +and fishes, with reference to their powers of flying and duration +of flight.</p> +<p>These notes would form a valuable addition to natural history, +whatever might be thought of the purpose for which they were +collected, during a period of thirty years; and it is much to be +regretted they were never published. His own opinion was, that the +publication, during his life would injure his practice as a +physician. It would be impossible without the aid of diagrams, and +I do not remember sufficient, to explain his mechanical +contrivances; but the general principle was, to suspend the man +under a kind of flat parachute of extremely thin +<i>feather-edge</i> boards, with a power of adjusting the angle at +which it was placed, and allowing the man the full use of his arms +and legs to work any machinery placed beneath; the area of the +parachute being proportioned, as in birds to the weight of the man, +who was to start from the top of a high tower, or some elevated +position, flying against the wind.</p> +<p class="author">HENRY WILKINSON.</p> +<p>Brompton.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.</h3> +<p><i>Long Lonkin</i> (Vol. ii., p. 168.).—If SELEUCUS will +refer to Mr. Chamber's <i>Collection of Scottish Ballads</i>, he +will find there the whole story under the name of Lammilsin, of +which Lonkin appears to me to be a corruption. In the 6th verse it +is rendered:</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"He said to his ladye fair,</p> +<p>Before he gaed abuird,</p> +<p>Beware, beware o, Lammilsin!</p> +<p>For he lyeth in the wudde."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Then the story goes on to state that Lammilsin crept in at a +little shot window, and after some conversation with the "fause +nourrice" they decide to</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Stab the babe, and make it cry,</p> +<p>And that will bring her down."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>Which being done, they murder the unhappy lady. Shortly after, +Lord Weirie comes home, and has the "fause nourrice" burnt at the +stake. From the circumstance that the name of the husband of the +murdered lady was Weirie, it is conjectured that this tragedy took +place at Balwearie Castle, in Fife, and the old people about there +constantly affirm that it really occurred. I am not aware that +there exists any connection between the hero of this story and the +<i>nursery rhyme</i>; for, as I before stated, I think Lonkin a +corruption of Lammilsin.</p> +<p class="author">H.H.C.</p> +<p><i>Rowley Powley</i> (Vol. ii., p. 74.).—Andre Valladier, +who died about the middle of the sixteenth century, was a popular +preacher and the king's almoner. He gained great applause for his +funeral oration on Henry IV. In his sermon for the second Sunday in +Lent (Rouen, 1628), he says;—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Le paon est gentil et miste, bien que par la parfaite +beauté de sa houppe, par la rareté et noblesse de sa +teste, par la gentilesse et netteté de son cou, par +l'ornement de ses pennes et par la majesté de tout le reste +de son corps, il ravit tous ceux qui le contemplent attentivement; +toutefois au rencontre de sa femelle, pour l'attirer à son +amour, il déploye sa pompe, fait montrer et parade de son +plumage bizarré, et RIOLLÉ PIOLLÉ se presente +à elle avec piafe, et luy donne la plus belle visée +de sa roue. De mesme ce Dieu admirable, amoreux des hommes, pour +nous ravir d'amour à soy, desploye le lustre de ses plus +accomplies beautez, et comme un amant transporté de sa +bienaimée se <span class="pagenum"><a name="page252" id= +"page252"></a></span> montre pour nous allecher à +cetter transformation de nous en luy, de nostre misère en sa +gloire."—Ap. <i>Predicatoriuna</i> p. 132-3: Dijon, 1841.</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">H.B.C.</p> +<p><i>Guy's Armour</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 55. 187.).—With respect +to the armour said to have belonged to Guy, Earl of Warwick, your +correspondent NASO is referred to Grose's <i>Military +Antiquities</i>, vol. ii. pl. 42., where he will find an engraving +of a bascinet of the fourteenth century, much dilapidated, but +having still a fragment of the moveable vizor adhering to the pivot +on which it worked. Whether this interesting relic is still at +Warwick Castle or not, I cannot pretend to say, as I was +unfortunately prevented joining the British Archæological +Association at the Warwick congress in 1847, and have never visited +that part of the country; but the bascinet which was there in +Grose's time was at least of the date of Guido de Beauchamp, Earl +of Warwick, the builder of Guy's Tower, who died in 1315, and who +has always been confounded with the fabulous Guy: and if it has +disappeared, we have to regret the loss of the only specimen of an +English bascinet of that period that I am aware of in this +country.</p> +<p class="author">J.R. PLANCHÊ</p> +<p><i>Alarm</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 151. 183.).—The origin of this +word appears to be the Italian cry, <i>all'arme; gridare +all'arme</i> is to give the alarm. Hence the French <i>alarme</i>, +and from the French is borrowed the English word. <i>Alarum</i> for +<i>alarm</i>, is merely a corruption produced by mispronunciation. +The letters <i>l</i> and <i>r</i> before <i>m</i> are difficult to +pronounce; and they are in general, according to the refined +standard of our pronunciation, so far softened as only to lengthen +the preceding vowel. In provincial pronunciation, however, the +force of the former letter is often preserved, and the +pronunciation is facilitated by the insertion of a vowel before the +final <i>m</i>. The Irish, in particular, adopt this mode of +pronouncing; even in public speaking they say <i>callum</i>, +<i>firrum</i>, <i>farrum</i>, for <i>calm</i>, <i>firm</i>, +<i>farm</i>. The old word <i>chrisom</i> for <i>chrism</i>, is an +analogous change: the Italians have in like manner lengthened +<i>chrisma</i> into <i>cresima</i>; the French have softened it +into <i>chrême</i>.</p> +<p class="author">L.</p> +<p><i>Alarm.</i>—It is in favour of the derivation +<i>à l'arme</i> that the Italian is <i>allarme</i>; some +dictionaries even have <i>dare all'arme</i>, with the apostrophe, +for to give alarm. It is against it that the German word +<i>Lärm</i> is used precisely as the English <i>alarm</i>. +Your correspondent CH. thinks the French derivation suspiciously +ingenious: here I must differ; I think it suspiciously obvious. I +will give him a suggestion which I think really suspiciously +ingenious: in fact, had not the opportunity occurred for +illustrating ingenuity, I should not have ventured it. May it not +be that <i>alarme</i> and <i>allarme</i> is formed in the obvious +way, as <i>to arms</i>; while <i>alarum</i> and <i>Lärm</i> +wholly unconnected with them? May it not sometimes happen that, by +coincidence, the same sounds and meanings go together in different +languages without community of origin? Is it not possible that +<i>larum</i> and <i>Lärm</i> are imitations of the stroke and +subsequent resonance of a large bell? Denoting the continued sound +of <i>m</i> by <i>m-m-m</i>, I think that +<i>lrm-m-m-lrm-m-m-lrm-m-m</i> &c., is as good an imitation of +a large bell at some distance as letters can make. And in the old +English use of the word, the alarum refers more often to a bell +than to any thing else.</p> +<p>The introduction of the military word into English can be +traced, as to time, with a certain probability. In 1579, Thomas +Digges published his <i>Arithmeticall Militare Treatise named +Stratioticos</i>, which he informs us is mainly the writing of his +father, Leonard Digges. At page 170. the father seems to finish +with "and so I mean to finishe this treatise:" while the son, as we +must suppose, adds p. 171. and what follows. In the father's part +the word <i>alarm</i> is not mentioned, that I can find. If it +occurred anywhere, it would be in describing the duties of the +<i>scout-master</i>; but here we have nothing but <i>warning</i> +and <i>surprise</i>, never <i>alarm</i>. But in the son's appendix, +the word <i>alarme</i> does occur twice in one page (173.). It also +occurs in the body of the <i>second</i> edition of the book, when +of course it is the son who inserts it. We may say then, that, in +all probability, the military technical term was introduced in the +third quarter of the sixteenth century. This, I suspect, is too +late to allow us to suppose that the vernacular force which +Shakspeare takes it to have, could have been gained for it by the +time he wrote.</p> +<p>The second edition was published in 1590; about this time the +spelling of the English language made a very rapid approach to its +present form. This is seen to a remarkable extent in the two +editions of the <i>Stratioticos</i>; in the first, the commanding +officer of a regiment is always <i>corronel</i>, in the second +<i>collonel</i>. But the most striking instance I now remember, is +the following. In the first edition of Robert Recorde's <i>Castle +of Knowledge</i> (1556) occurs the following tetrastich:—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"If reasons reache transcende the skye,</p> +<p>Why shoulde it then to earthe be bounde?</p> +<p>The witte is wronged and leadde awrye,</p> +<p>If mynde be maried to the grounde."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>In the second edition (1596) the above is spelt as we should now +do it, except in having <i>skie</i> and <i>awrie</i>.</p> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p><i>Prelates of France</i> (Vol. ii., p. 182.).—In answer +to a Minor Query of P.C.S.S., I can inform him that I have in my +possession, if it be of any use to him, a manuscript entitled +<i>Tableau de l'Ordre religieux en France, avant et depuis l'Edit +de 1768</i>, <span class="pagenum"><a name="page253" id= +"page253"></a></span> containing the houses, number of +religions, and revenues, and the several dioceses in which they +were to be found.</p> +<p class="author">M.</p> +<p>Midgham House, Newbury, Berks.</p> +<p><i>Haberdasher</i> (Vol. ii., p. 167.).—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Haberdasher, a retailer of goods, a dealer in small wares; T. +<i>haubvertauscher</i>, from <i>haab</i>; B. <i>have</i>; It. +<i>haveri</i>, <i>haberi</i>, goods, wares; and <i>tauscher</i>, +<i>vertauscher</i>, a dealer, an exchanger; G. <i>tuiskar</i>; D. +<i>tusker</i>; B. <i>tuischer</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This derivation of the term <i>haberdasher</i> is from +<i>Thomson's Etymons</i>, and seems to be satisfactory.</p> +<p><i>Haberdascher</i> was the name of a trade at least as early as +the reign of Edward III.; but it is not easy to decide what was the +sort of trade or business then carried on under that name. Any +elucidation of that point would be very acceptable.</p> +<p class="author">D.</p> +<p>"<i>Rapido contrarius orbi</i>" (Vol. ii., p. 120.).—No +answer having appeared to the inquiry of N.B., it may be stated +that, in Hartshorne's <i>Book-Rarities of Cambridge</i>, mention is +made of a painting, in Emanuel College, of "Abp. Sancroft, sitting +at a writing-table with arms, and motto, <i>Rapido contrarius +orbi</i>. P.P. Lens, F.L."</p> +<p>Brayley, in his <i>Concise Account of Lambeth Palace</i>, +describes a portrait, in the vestry, of "A young man in a clerical +habit, or rather that of a student, with a motto beneath, 'Rapido +contrarium orbo'" (whether the motto, as thus given, is the +printer's or the painter's error does not appear), "supposed to be +Abp. Sancroft when young.—Date 1650."</p> +<p class="author">G.A.S.</p> +<p><i>Robertson of Muirtown</i> (Vol. ii., p. 135.).—C.R.M. +will find a pedigree of the family of Robertson of <i>Muirton</i> +in a small duodecimo entitled:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The History and Martial Atchievements of the Robertsons of +Strowan. Edinburgh: printed for and by Alex. Robertson in +<i>Morison's</i> Close; where Subscribers may call for their +copies."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The date of publication is not given; I think, however, it must +have been printed soon after 1st January 1771, which is the latest +date in the body of the work.</p> +<p>The greater portion of the volume is occupied with the poems of +Alexander Robertson of Strowan who died in 1749.</p> +<p class="author">A.R.X.</p> +<p>Paisley.</p> +<p>"<i>Noli me tangere</i>" (Vol. ii., p. 153.)—The following +list of some of the painters of this subject may assist +B.R.:—</p> +<p><i>Timoteo delle Vite</i>—for St. Angelo at Cogli.</p> +<p><i>Titian</i>—formerly in the Orleans collection, and +engraved by N. Tardieu, in the Crozat Gallery.</p> +<p><i>Ippolito Scarsella</i> (Lo Scarsellino)—for St. Nicolo +Ferrara.</p> +<p><i>Cristoforo Roncalli</i> (Il Cav. delle Pomarance)—for +the Eremitani at St. Severino.</p> +<p><i>Lucio Massari</i>—for the Celestini, Bologna.</p> +<p><i>Francesco Boni</i> (Il Gobbino)—for the Dominicani, +Faenza.</p> +<p class="author">I.Z.P.</p> +<p><i>Clergy sold for Slaves</i> (Vol. ii., p. 51.),—MR. +SANSOM will find in the <i>Cromwellian Diary of Thomas Burton</i>, +iv. 255. 273. 301-305., ample material for an answer to his +question respecting the sale of any of the loyal party for slaves +during the rebellion.</p> +<p>There is no evidence of any <i>clergymen</i> having been sold as +slaves to Algiers or Barbadoes. Drs. Beale, Martin, and Sterne, +heads of colleges, were threatened with this outrage (see +<i>Querela Cantabrigiensis</i> appended to the <i>Mercurius +Rusticus</i> p. 184). In the life of Dr. John Barwick, one of the +authors of the <i>Querela</i> (in the Eng. transl. p. 42.), the +story is thus told:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The rebels at that time threatened some of their greatest men +and most learned heads (such as Dr William Beale, Dr. Edward +Martin, and Dr. Richard Sterne) transportation into the isles of +America, or even to the barbarian Turks: for these great men, and +several other very eminent divines, were kept close prisoners in a +ship on the Thames, under the hatches, almost killed with stench, +hunger, and watching; and treated by the senseless mariners with +more insolence than if they had been the vilest slaves, or had been +confined there for some infamous robbery or murder. Nay, one Rigby, +a scoundrel of the very dregs of the parliament rebels, did at that +time expose these venerable persons to sale, and <i>would actually +have sold them for slaves, if any one would have bought +them</i>."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In a note, it is added that Rigby moved twice in the Long +Parliament,</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"That those lords and gentlemen who were prisoners, should be +sold as slaves to Argiere, or sent to the new plantations in the +West Indies, because he had contracted with two merchants for that +purpose."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Col. Rigby, so justly denounced by Barwick, sat in the Long +Parliament for the borough of Wigan, and in the Parliarment of +1658-9 represented Lancashire. He was a native of Preston, was bred +to the law, and held a colonel's rank in the parliamentary army. He +was one of the committee of sequestrators for Lancashire, served at +the siege of Latham House, and in 1649 was created Baron of the +Exchequer, but was superseded by Cromwell.</p> +<p>Calamy, the historian and chaplain of the Nonconformists, +treated Walker's statement quoted by MR. SANSOM as a fiction, and +advised him to expunge the passage. See his <i>Church and +Dissenters compared as to Persecution</i>, 1719, pp. 40, 41.</p> +<p class="author">A.B.R.</p> +<p><i>North Side of Churchyards</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 55. +189).—One of your writers has recently endeavoured to explain +the popular dislike to burial on the north side of the church, by +reference to the place of the churchyard cross, the sunniness, and +the greater resort of the people to the south. <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page254" id="page254"></a></span> These are +not only meagre reasons, but they are incorrect.</p> +<p>The doctrine of regions was coeval with the death of Our Lord. +The east was the realm of the oracles; the especial Throne of God. +The west was the domain of the people; the Galilee of all nations +was there. The south, the land of the mid-day, was sacred to things +heavenly and divine. The north was the devoted region of Satan and +his hosts; the lair of demons, and their haunt. In some of our +ancient churches, over against the font, and in the northern walls, +there was a devil's door.</p> +<p>It was thrown open at every baptism for the escape of the fiend, +and at all other seasons carefully closed. Hence came the old +dislike to sepulture at the north.</p> +<p class="author">R.S. HAWKER.</p> +<p>Morwenstow, Cornwall.</p> +<p><i>Sir John Perrot</i> (Vol. ii., p. 217.).—This Query +surprises me. Sir John Perrot was not governor of Ireland <i>in the +reign of Henry VIII.</i>, and your correspondent E.N.W. is mistaken +in his belief that Sir John was <i>beheaded</i> in the reign of +Elizabeth. He was convicted of treason 16th June, 1592, and died in +the Tower in September following. In the <i>British Plutarch</i>, +3rd edit., 1791, vol. i. p. 121., is <i>The Life of Sir John +Perrot</i>. The authorities given are Cox's <i>History of Ireland; +Life of Sir John Perrot</i>, 8vo., 1728; <i>Biographia +Britannica</i>; Salmon's <i>Chronological History</i>; to which I +may add the following references:—</p> +<p>Howell's <i>State Trials</i>, i. 1315; Camden's <i>Annals</i>; +Naunton's <i>Fragmenta Regalia</i>; Lloyd's <i>State Worthies</i>; +Nash's <i>Worcestershire</i>; Strype's <i>Ecclesiastical +Memorials</i>, iii. 297.; Strype's <i>Annals</i>, iii. 337, +398-404.; <i>Stradling Letters</i>, 48-50.; Nare's <i>Life of Lord +Burghley</i>, iii. 407.; <i>Fourth Report of Deputy Keeper of +Public Records</i>, Appendix, ii. 281. Dean Swift, in his +<i>Introduction to Polite Conversation</i>, says,—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"Sir John Perrot was the first man of quality whom I find upon +the record to have sworn by <i>God's wounds</i>. He lived in the +reign of Queen Elizabeth, and was supposed to be a natural son of +Henry VIII., who might also have been his instructor."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">C.H. COOPER</p> +<p>Cambridge, August 31. 1850.</p> +<p><i>Coins of Constantius II.</i>—The coins of this prince +are, from their titles being identical with those of his cousin, +very difficult to be distinguished. <i>My</i> only guide is the +portrait. Gallus died at twenty-nine; and we may suppose that his +coins would present a more youthful portrait than Constantius II. +The face of Constantius is long and thin, and is distinguished by +the royal diadem. The youthful head resembling Constantius the +Great with the laurel crown, <i>Rev</i>. Two military figures +standing, with spears and bucklers, between them two standards, +<i>Ex.</i> S M N B., I have arranged in my cabinet, how far rightly +I know not, as that of Gallus.</p> +<p class="author">E.S.T.</p> +<p>"<i>She ne'er with treacherous Kiss</i>" (Vol. ii., p. +136.).—C.A.H. will find the lines,—</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"She ne'er with trait'rous kiss," &c.</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>in a poem named "Woman," 2nd ed. p. 34., by Eaton Stannard +Barrett, Esq., published in 1818, by Henry Colburn, Conduit +street.</p> +<p class="author">E.D.B.</p> +<p><i>California</i> (Vol. ii, p. 132.).—Your correspondent +E.N.W. will find earlier anticipations of "the golden harvest now +gathering in California," in vol. iii. of <i>Hakluyt's Voyages</i>, +p. 440-442, where an account is given of Sir F. Drake's taking +possession of Nova Albion.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"There is no part of earth here to bee taken up, wherein there +is not speciall likelihood of gold or silver."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In Callendar's <i>Voyages</i>, vol. i. p. 303., and other +collections containing Sir F. Drake's voyage to Magellanica, there +is the same notice. The earth of the country seemed to promise very +rich veins of gold and silver, there being hardly any digging +without throwing up some of the ores of them.</p> +<p class="author">T.J.</p> +<p><i>Bishops and their Precedence</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 9. +76.)—The precedence of bishops is regulated by the act of 31 +Hen. VIII. c. 10., "for placing of the Lords." Bishops are, in +fact, temporal barons, and, as stated in Stephen's +<i>Blackstone</i>, vol. iii. pp. 5, 6., sit in the House of Peers +in right of succession to certain ancient baronies annexed, or +supposed to be annexed, to their episcopal lands; and as they have +in addition high spiritual rank, it is but right they should have +place before those who, in temporal rank only, are equal to them. +This is, in effect, the meaning of the reason given by Coke in part +iii. of the Institutes, p. 361. ed. 1670, where, after noticing the +precedence amongst the bishops themselves, namely, 1. The Bishop of +London, 2. The Bishop of Durham, 3. The Bishop of Winchester, he +observes:</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"But the other bishops have place above all the barons of the +realm, because they hold their bishopricks of the king per +baroniam; but they give place to viscounts, earls, marquesses, and +dukes."</p> +</blockquote> +<p class="author">ARUN.</p> +<p><i>Elizabeth and Isabel</i> (Vol. i., pp. 439. 488.).—The +title of Ælius Antonius Nebressengis's history is, <i>Rerum a +Fernando et Elisabe Hispaniaram fælicissimis regibus gestarum +Decades duæ</i>.</p> +<p class="author">J.B.</p> +<p><i>Dr. Thomas Bever's Legal Polity of Great Britain</i> (Vol. +i., p. 483.).—Is J.R. aware that the principal part of the +parish of Mortimer, near Reading, as well as the manorial rights, +belongs to a Richard Benyon de Beauvoir, Esq., residing not very +far from that spot, at Englefield House, about five miles on the +Newbury Road from Reading. <span class="pagenum"><a name="page255" id="page255"></a></span> +This gentleman, whose original name +was Powlett Wright, took the name of De Beauvoir a few years back, +as I understand, from succeeding to the property of his relative, a +Mr. Beevor or Bever. This gentleman may, perhaps, be enabled to +throw some light upon the family of Dr. Bever.</p> +<p class="author">WP.</p> +<p><i>Eikon Basilike</i> (Vol. ii., p. 134.).—I would suggest +to A.C. that the circumstance of his copy of this work bearing on +its cover "C.R.," surmounted by a crown, may not be indicative of +its having been in the possession of royalty. It may have been, +perhaps, not unusual to occasionally so distinguish words of this +description published in or about that year (1660). I have a small +volume entitled—</p> +<blockquote> +<p>"The History of His Sacred Majesty Charles II. Begun from the +Murder of his royal father of Happy Memory, and continued to this +present year, 1660, by a person of quality. Printed for <i>James +Davies</i>, and are to be sold at the <i>Turk's Head in Ioy</i> +Lane, and at the <i>Greyhound</i> in <i>St. Paul's</i> Church Yard, +1660."</p> +</blockquote> +<p>This volume is stamped in gold on both covers with C.R., +surmounted by a crown.</p> +<p class="author">E.B. PRICE.</p> +<p><i>Earl of Oxford's Patent</i> (Vol. ii., PP. 194. +235.).—LORD BRAYBROOKE no doubt knows, that the preamble to +the patent was written by Dean Swift. (See <i>Journal to +Stella</i>.) I would add, in reply to O.P.Q., that there is no +doubt that <i>assassin</i> and <i>assassinate</i> are properly used +even when death does not ensue. Not so <i>murder</i> and +<i>murderer</i>, which are strict terms of <i>law</i> to which +<i>death</i> is indispensable.</p> +<p class="author">C.</p> +<p><i>Cave's Historia Litteraria</i> (Vol. ii., p. +230.).—Part I. appeared at London, 1688. An Appendix, by +Wharton, followed, 1689. These were reprinted, Geneva, 1693. Part +II., Lond., 1698; repr. Genev., 1699. The whole was reprinted, +Genev., 1708 and 1720. After the author's death a new and improved +edition appeared, Oxon., 1740-43; rep. Basil, 1741-45. I give the +date 1708, not 1705, to the second Geneva impression, on the +authority of Walch.</p> +<p class="author">J.E.B. MAYOR.</p> +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2> +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> +<p>Collections of Wills have always been regarded, and very justly +so, as among the most valuable materials which exist for +illustrating the social condition of the people at the period to +which they belong. Executed, as they must be, at moments the most +solemn displaying, as we cannot but believe they do, the real +feelings which actuate the testators; and having for their object +the distribution of existing property, and that of every possible +variety of description, it is obvious that they alike call for +investigation, and are calculated to repay any labour that may be +bestowed upon them. It is therefore, perhaps, somewhat matter of +surprise that the Camden Society should not hitherto have printed +any of this interesting class of documents; and that only in the +twelfth year of its existence it should have given to its members +the very interesting volume of <i>Wills and Inventories from the +Registers of the Commissary of Bury St. Edmunds and the Archdeacon +of Sudbury</i>, which has been edited for the Society by Mr. Tymms, +the active and intelligent Treasurer and Secretary of the Bury and +West Suffolk Archæological Institute. The selection contains +upwards of fifty Wills, dated between 1370 and 1649, and the +documents are illustrated by a number of brief but very instructive +notes; and as the volume is rendered more useful by a series of +very complete indices, we have no doubt it will be as satisfactory +to the members as it is creditable to its editor. Mr. Tymms +acknowledges his obligations to Mr. Way and Mr. J. Gough Nicols: we +are sure the Camden Society would be under still greater +obligations to those gentlemen if they could be persuaded to +undertake the production of the series of Lambeth Wills which was +to have been edited by the late Mr. Stapleton, with Mr. Way's +assistance.</p> +<p>When the proprietors of the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> at the +commencement of the present year announced their projected +improvements in that periodical, we expressed our confidence that +they would really and earnestly put forth fresh claims to the +favour of the public. Our anticipations have been fully realised. +Each succeeding number has shown increased energy and talent in the +"discovery and establishment of historical truth in all its +branches," and that the conductors of this valuable periodical, the +only "Historical Review" in the country, continue to pursue these +great objects faithfully and honestly, as in times past, but more +diligently and more undividedly. No student of English history can +now dispense with, no library which places historical works upon +its shelves can now be complete without <i>The Gentleman's Magazine +and Historical Review</i>.</p> +<p>We have received the following Catalogues:—G. Willis's +(Great Piazza, Covent Garden) Catalogue No. 41. New Series of +Second-hand Books, Ancient and Modern; W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham +House, Westminster Road) Sixtieth (catalogue of Cheap Second-hand +English and Foreign Books); C. Hamilton's (4. Budge Place, City +Road) Catalogue No. 41. of an important Collection of the Cheapest +Tracts, Books, Autographs, Manuscripts, Original Drawings, &c. +ever offered for sale.</p> +<hr /> +<h3>NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h3> +<p>MARTENS OR MERTENS THE PRINTER. <i>Will D.L. kindly furnish us +with a copy of the Note alluded to in his valuable communication +in</i> No. 42.?</p> +<p>JUNIUS IDENTIFIED. MR. TAYLOR'S <i>Letter on his authorship of +this volume is unavoidably postponed until next week</i>.</p> +<p>M., <i>who writes on the subject of</i> Mr. Thomas's Account of +the State Paper Office, <i>will be glad to hear that a Calendar of +the documents contained in that department is in the press</i>.</p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page256" id= "page256"></a></span> +SECOND PART OF MR. ARNOLD'S GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION.</p> +<p>Now Ready, in 8vo., price 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. Part +Second. (On the PARTICLES.) In this Part the Passages for +Translation are of considerable length.</p> +<p>By the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and +late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.</p> +<p>RIVINGTON, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Of whom may be had, by the same Author,</p> +<p>1. The SEVENTH EDITION of the FIRST PART. In 8vo. 6<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>2. A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION to GREEK ACCIDENCE. Fourth Edition. +8vo. 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>3. A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION to GREEK CONSTRUING. 6<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p> +<p>4. The FIRST GREEK BOOK; upon the plan of HENRY'S FIRST LATIN +BOOK. 5<i>s.</i> (The SECOND GREEK BOOK is in the Press.)</p> +<hr /> +<p>ARCHÆOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.</p> +<p>The Central Committee of the Institute have considered a +Resolution, passed at a recent meeting of the British +Archæological Association at Manchester, August 24th, in +reference to the expediency of promoting a union between the +Association and the Institute. The Committee desire to give this +public notice, that they are ready, as they have always been, to +admit members of the Association desirous of joining the Institute. +They have determined accordingly, that, in order to offer +reasonable encouragement to the members of the Association, they +shall henceforth be eligible without the payment of the customary +entrance fee, on the intimation of their wish to the Committee to +be proposed for election. Life-members of the Association shall be +eligible as life-members on payment of half the usual composition. +All members of the Association thus elected shall likewise have the +privilege of acquiring the previous publications of the Institute +at the price to original subscribers.</p> +<blockquote> +<p>Apartments of the Institute, 26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, +Sept. 9, 1850. By order of the Central Committee, H. BOWYER LANE, +<i>Secretary.</i></p> +</blockquote> +<hr /> +<p>HANDBOOKS FOR THE CLASSICAL STUDENT (WITH QUESTIONS). under the +General Superintendence and Editorship of the Rev. T.K. ARNOLD.</p> +<p>I. HANDBOOKS of HISTORY and GEOGRAPHY. From the German of +PÜTZ. Translated by the Rev. R.B. PAUL.</p> +<p>1. Ancient History, 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>: 2. Mediæval +History, 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; 3. Modern History, 5<i>s.</i>, +6<i>d.</i> These works have been already translated into the +Swedish and Dutch languages.</p> +<p>II. The ATHENIAN STAGE. From the German of WITZSCHEL. Translated +by the Rev. R.B. PAUL. 4<i>s.</i></p> +<p>III. HANDBOOK of GRECIAN ANTIQUITIES. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +HANDBOOK of ROMAN ANTIQUITIES. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> From the +Swedish of BOJESEN. Translated from Dr. HOFFA'S German version by +the Rev. R.B. PAUL.</p> +<p>IV. HANDBOOKS of SYNONYMES: 1. Greek Synonymes. From the French +of PILLON. 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 2. Latin Synonymes. From the +German of DÖDERLEIN 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Translated by the +Rev. H.H. ARNOLD.</p> +<p>V. HANDBOOKS of VOCABULARY, 1. Green (in the press). 2. Latin. +3. French (nearly ready). 4. German (nearly ready).</p> +<p>RIVINGTON'S, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just Published, price 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> THE TIPPETS OF THE +CANONS ECCLESIASTICAL. With illustrative Woodcuts, by G.J. +FRENCH.</p> +<p>Also, by the same author, price 6<i>d.</i> HINTS ON THE +ARRANGEMENTS OF COLOURS IN ANCIENT DECORATIVE ART. With some +observations on the Theory of Complementary Colours.</p> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Illustrated with numerous Woodcuts, 8vo, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +THE PRIMEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J.J.A. WORSAAE, M.R.S.A., +of Copenhagen.</p> +<p>Translated and applied to the Illustration of similar Remains in +England; by WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden +Society.</p> +<p>JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 337. Strand, London.</p> +<hr /> +<p>In a few days, in 8vo., AN EXAMINATION OF THE CENTURY QUESTION: +to which is added, A Letter to the Author of "Outlines of +Astronomy," respecting a certain peculiarity of the Gregorian +System of Bissextile compensation.</p> +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Judicio perpende: et si tibi vera videntur,</p> +<p>DEDE MANUS."</p> +</div> +</div> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Second Edition, with Illustrations, 12mos., 3<i>s.</i> +cloth.</p> +<p>THE BELL: its Origin, History, and Uses. By the Rev. ALFRED +GATTY, Vicar of Ecclesfield.</p> +<p>"A new and revised edition of a very varied, learned, and +amusing essay on the subject of bells."—<i>Spectator.</i></p> +<p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Just Published, Octavo Edition, plain, 15<i>s.</i>; Quarto +Edition, having the Plates of the Tesselated Pavements all +coloured, 1<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i></p> +<p>REMAINS of ROMAN ART in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient +Corinium: containing Plates by De la Motte, of the magnificent +Tesselated Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with +copies of the grand Heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pomona; reduced by +the Talbotype from facsimile tracings of the original; together +with various other plates and numerous wood engravings.</p> +<p>In the Quarto edition the folding of the plates necessary for +the smaller volume is avoided.</p> +<p>"The recent discoveries made at Cirencester have been the means +of enlisting in the cause of archælogy two intelligent and +energetic associates, to whose exertions we are mainly indebted for +the preservation of the interesting remains brought to light, and +our obligations are increased by the able manner in which they have +described and illustrated them in the volume now under notice.</p> +<p>"These heads" (Ceres, Flora, and Pomona) are of a high order of +art, and Mr. De la Motte, by means of the Talbotype, has so +successfully reduced them that the engravings are perfect +facsimiles of the originals. They are, perhaps, the best of the +kind, every tessella apparently being represented.</p> +<p>"Our authors have very advantageously brought to their task a +knowledge of geology and chemistry, and the important aid which an +application of these sciences confers on archæology is +strikingly shown in the chapter on the materials of the tesselle, +which also includes a valuable report by Dr. VOELCKER, on an +analysis of ruby glass, which formed part of the composition of one +of the Cirencester pavements. This portion of the volume is too +elaborate and circumstantial for any justice to be done to it in an +extract."—<i>Gentleman's Mag., Sept.</i></p> +<p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> +<hr /> +<p>Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, in +the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by +GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan +in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.—Saturday, September 14. 1850. +</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 46, Saturday, September 14, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NO. 46 *** + +***** This file should be named 13462-h.htm or 13462-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/4/6/13462/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David +King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will +be renamed. + +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, +so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United +States without permission and without paying copyright +royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 46, Saturday, September 14, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 15, 2004 [EBook #13462] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David +King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 46.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition +4d. + + * * * * * {241} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:--Page +The Meaning of "Risell" in Hamlet, by S.W. Singer. 241 +Authors of the Rolliad. 242 +Notes and Queries. 242 +The Body of James II., by Pitman Jones. 243 +Folk Lore:--Legend of Sir Richard Baker--Prophetic + Spring at Langley, Kent. 244 +Minor Notes:--Poem by Malherbe--Travels of Two + English Pilgrims. 245 + +QUERIES:-- +Quotations in Bishop Andrewes, by Rev. James Bliss. 245 +Minor Queries:--Spider and Fly--Lexicon of Types--Montaigue's + Select Essays--Custom of wearing the Breast uncovered--Milton's + Lycidas--Sitting during the Lessons--Blew-Beer--Carpatio--Value of + Money--Bishop Berkeley, and Adventures of Gaudeatio + di Lucca--Cupid and Psyche--Zund-nadel Guns--Bacon + Family--Armorials--Artephius--Sir Robert Howard--Crozier + and Pastoral Staff--Marks of Cadency--Miniature Gibbet. 245 + +REPLIES:-- +Collar of S.S. by Rev. H.T. Ellacombe and J. Gough + Nichols. 248 +Sir Gregory Norton. 250 +Shakspeare's Word "Delighted," by Rev. Dr. Kennedy. 250 +Aerostation, by Henry Wilkinson. 251 +Replies to Minor Queries:--Long Lonkin--Rowley + Powley--Guy's Armour--Alarm--Prelates of + France--Haberdasher--"Rapido contrarius orbi"--Robertson + of Muirtown--"Noli me tangere"--Clergy sold + for Slaves--North Side of Churchyards--Sir John + Perrot--Coins of Constantius II.--She ne'er with + treacherous Kiss--California--Bishops and their + Precedence--Elizabeth and Isabel--Bever's Legal + Polity--Rikon Basilike, &c. 251 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- +Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 255 +Notices to Correspondents. 255 +Advertisements. 256 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +THE MEANING OF "DRINK UP EISELL" IN HAMLET. + +Few passages have been more discussed than this wild challenge of Hamlet +to Laertes at the grave of Ophelia: + + "Ham. I lov'd Ophelia! forty thousand brothers + Could not, with all their quantity of love, + Make up my sum. What wilt thou do for her? + + --Zounds! show me what thou'lt do? + Woo't weep? Woo't fight? Woo't fast? Woo't tear + thyself? + + _Woo't drink up Eisell?_ eat a crocodile? + + I'll do't". + +The sum of what has been said may be given in the words of Archdeacon +Nares: + + "There is no doubt that eisell meant vinegar, nor even that + Shakspeare has used it in that sense; but in this passage it + seems that it must be put for the name of a Danish river.... The + question was much disputed between Messrs. Steevens and Malone: + the former being for the river, the latter for the vinegar; and + he endeavored even to get over the drink up, which stood much in + his way. But after all, the challenge to drink vinegar, in such + a rant, is so inconsistent, and even ridiculous, that we must + decide for the river, whether its name be exactly found or not. + To drink up a river, and eat a crocodile with his impenetrable + scales, are two things equally impossible. There is no kind of + comparison between the others." + +I must confess that I was formerly led to adopt this view of the +passage, but on more mature investigation I find that it is wrong. I see +no necessary connection between eating a crocodile and drinking up +eysell; and to drink up was commonly used for simply to drink. Eisell or +Eysell certainly signified vinegar, but it was certainly not used in +that sense by Shakspeare, who may in this instance be his own expositor; +the word occurring again in his CXIth sonnet. + + "Whilst, like a willing patient, I will drink + Potions of eysell, 'gainst my strong infection; + No bitterness that I will bitter think, + Nor double penance, to correct correction." + +Here we see that it was a bitter potion which it was a penance to drink. +Thus also in the Troy Book of Lydgate: + + "Of bitter eysell, and of eager wine." + +Now numerous passages in our old dramatic writers show that it was a +fashion with the gallants of the time to do some extravagant feat, as a +proof of their love, in honour of their mistresses; and among others the +swallowing some nauseous potion was one of the most frequent; but +vinegar would hardly have been considered in this light; wormwood might. + +In Thomas's Italian Dictionary, 1562, we have "Assentio, Eysell" and +Florio renders that word by vinegar. What is meant, however, is +Absinthites or Wormwood wine, a nauseously bitter medicament then much +in use; and this being evidently {242} the _bitter potion of Eysell_ in +the poet's sonnet, was certainly the nauseous draught proposed to be +taken by Hamlet among the other extravagant feats as tokens of love. The +following extracts will show that in the poet's age this nauseous bitter +potion was in frequent use medicinally. + + "ABSINTHIUM, [Greek: apsinthion, aspinthion], Comicis, ab + insigni amarore quo bibeates illud aversantur."-_Junius, + Nomenclator ap. Nicot_. + + "ABSINTHITES, _wormwood wine_.--_Hutton's Dict_. + + "Hujus modi autem propomatum _hodie_ apud Christianos quoque + _maximus est et frequentissimus usus_, quibus potatores maximi + ceu proemiis quibusdam atque prludiis utuntur, ad dirum illud + suum propinandi certamen. _Ae maxime quidem commune est proponia + absynthites_, quod vim habet stomachum corroborandi et + extenuandi, expellendique excrementa qu in eo continentur. Hoc + fere propomate potatores hodie maxime ab initio coen utuntur + ceu pharmaco cum hestern, atque prterit, tum futur + ebrietatis, atque crapul.... _amarissim sunt potiones + medicat_, quibus tandem stomachi cruditates immoderato cibo + potuque collectas expurgundi cause uti coguntur."--Stuckius, + _Antiquitat Corviralium. Tiguri_, 1582, fol. 327. + +Of the two latest editors, Mr. Knight decides for the _river_, and Mr. +Collier does not decide at all. Our northern neighbours think us almost +as much deficient in philological illustration as in enlarged +philosophical criticism on the poet, in which they claim to have shown +us the way. + +S.W. SINGER. + +Mickleham, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +AUTHORS OF THE ROLLIAD. + +To the list of subjects and authors in this unrivalled volume, +communicated by LORD BRAYBROOKE (Vol. ii., p. 194.), I would add that +No. XXI. _Probationary Odes_ (which is unmarked in the Sunning-hill Park +copy) was written by Dr. Laurence: so also were Nos. XIII. and XIV., of +which LORD BRAYBROOKE speaks doubtfully. My authority is the note in the +correspondence of Burke and Laurence published in 1827, page 21. The +other names all agree with my own copy, marked by the late Mr. A. +Chalmers. + +In order to render the account of the work complete, I would add the +following list of writers of the _Political Miscellanies_. Those marked +with an asterisk are said "not to be from the club:"-- + + "* Probationary Ode Extraordinary, by Mason. + + The Statesmen, an Eclogue. Read. + + Rondeau to the Right Honourable W. Eden. Dr. Laurence. + + Epigrams from the Club. Miscellaneous. + + The Delavaliad. Dr. Laurence. + + This is the House that George built. Richardson. + + Epigrams by Sir Cecil Wray. Tickell and Richardson. + + Lord Graham's Diary, not marked. + + * Extracts from 2nd Vol. of Lord Mulgrave's Essays. + + * Anecdotes of Mr. Pitt. + + Letter from a New Member. + + * Political Receipt Book, &c. + + * Hints from Dr. Pretyman. + + A tale 'at Brookes's once,' &c. Richardson. + + Dialogue 'Donec Gratus eram Tibi.' Lord J. Townshend. + + Pretymaniana, principally by Tickell and Richardson. + + Foreign Epigrams, the same and Dr. Laurence. + + * Advertisement Extraordinary. + + Vive le Scrutiny. Bate Dudley. + + * Paragraph Office, Ivy Lane. + + * Pitt and Pinetti. + + * New Abstract of the Budget for 1784. + + Theatrical Intelligence Extraordinary. Richardson. + + The Westminster Guide (unknown). Part II. (unknown). + + Inscription for the Duke of Richmond's Bust (unknown). + + Epigram, 'Who shall expect,' &c. Richardson. + + A New Ballad, 'Billy Eden.' Tickell and Richardson. + + Epigrams on Sir Elijah Impey, and by Mr. Wilberforce (unknown). + + A Proclamation, by Richardson. + + * Original Letter to Corbett. + + * Congratulatory Ode to Right Hon. C. Jenkinson. + + * Ode to Sir Elijah Impey. + + * Song. + + * A New Song, 'Billy's Budget.' + + * Epigrams. + + * Ministerial Undoubted Facts (unknown). + + Journal of the Right Hon. Hen. Dundas. From the Club. + Miscellaneous. + + Incantation. Fitzpatrick. + + Translations of Lord Belgrave's Quotations. From the Club. + Miscellaneous." + +Some of these minor contributions were from the pen of O'Beirne, +afterwards Bishop of Meath. + +Tickell should be joined with Lord John Townshend in "Jekyll." The +former contributed the lines parodied from Pope. + +In reply to LORD BRAYBROOKE'S Query, Moore, in his _Life of Sheridan_, +speaks of Lord John Townshend as the only survivor of "this confederacy +of wits:" so that, if he is correct, the author of "Margaret Nicholson" +(Adair) cannot be now living. + +J.H.M. + +Bath. + + * * * * * + +NOTES AND QUERIES. + +"There is nothing new under the sun," quoth the Preacher; and such must +be said of "NOTES AND QUERIES." Your contributor M. (Vol. ii, p. 194.) +has drawn attention to the _Weekly Oracle_, which in 1736 gave forth its +responses to the inquiring public; but, as he intimates, many similar +periodicals might be instanced. Thus, we have _Memoirs for the +Ingenious_, 1693, 4to., edited by I. de la Crose; _Memoirs for the +Curious_, 1701, 4to.; _The Athenian Oracle_, 1704, 8vo.; _The Delphick +Oracle_, {243} 1720, 8vo.; _The British Apollo_, 1740, 12mo.; with +several others of less note. The three last quoted answer many singular +questions in theology, law, medicine, physics, natural history, popular +superstitions, &c., not always very satisfactorily or very +intelligently, but still, often amusingly and ingeniously. _The British +Apollo: containing two thousand Answers to curious Questions in most +Arts and Sciences, serious, comical, and humourous_, the fourth edition +of which I have now before me, indulges in answering such questions as +these: "How old was Adam when Eve was created?--Is it lawful to eat +black pudding?--Whether the moon in Ireland is like the moon in England? +Where is hell situated? Do cocks lay eggs?" &c. In answer to the +question, "Why is gaping catching?" the Querists of 1740 are gravely +told,-- + + "Gaping or yawning is infectious, because the steams of the + blood being ejected out of the mouth, doth infect the ambient + air, which being received by the nostrils into another man's + mouth, doth irritate the fibres of the hypogastric muscle to + open the mouth to discharge by expiration the unfortunate gust + of air infected with the steams of blood, as aforesaid." + +The feminine gender, we are further told, is attributed to a ship, +"because a ship carries burdens, and therefore resembles a pregnant +woman." + +But as the faith of 1850 in _The British Apollo_, with its two thousand +answers, may not be equal to the faith of 1740, what dependence are we +to place in the origin it attributes to two very common words, a _bull_, +and a _dun_?-- + + "Why, when people speak improperly, is it termed a bull?--It + became a proverb from the repeated blunders of one _Obadiah + Bull_, a lawyer of London, who lived in the reign of King Henry + VII." + +Now for the second,-- + + "Pray tell me whence you can derive the original of the word + _dun_? Some falsely think it comes from the French, where + _donnez_ signifies _give me_, implying a demand of something + due; but the true original of this expression owes its birth to + one _Joe Dun_, a famous bailiff of the town of Lincoln, so + extremely active, and so dexterous at the management of his + rough business, that it became a proverb, when a man refused to + pay his debts, 'Why don't you _Dun_ him?' that is, why don't you + send Dun to arrest him? Hence it grew a custom, and is now as + old as since the days of Henry VII." + +Were these twin worthies, Obadiah Bull the lawyer, and Joe Dun the +bailiff, men of straw for the nonce, or veritable flesh and blood? They +both flourished, it appears, in the reign of Henry VII.; and to me it is +doubtful whether one reign could have produced two worthies capable of +cutting so deep a notch in the English tongue. + +"To dine with Duke Humphrey," we are told, arose from the practice of +those who had shared his dainties when alive being in the habit of +perambulating St. Paul's, where he was buried, at the dining time of +day; what dinner they then had, they had with Duke Humphrey the defunct. + +Your contributor MR. CUNNINGHAM will be able to decide as to the value +of the origin of Tyburn here given to us: + + "As to the antiquity of Tyburn, it is no older than the year + 1529; before that time, the place of execution was in _Rotten + Row_ in _Old Street_. As for the etymology of the word _Tyburn_, + some will have it proceed from the words _tye_ and _burn_, + alluding to the manner of executing traitors at that place; + others believe it took its name from a small river or brook once + running near it, and called by the Romans Tyburnia. Whether the + first or second is the truest, the querist may judge as he + thinks fit." + +And so say I. + +A readable volume might be compiled from these "NOTES AND QUERIES," +which amused our grandfathers; and the works I have indicated will +afford much curious matter in etymology, folk-lore, topography, &c., to +the modern antiquary. + +CORKSCREW. + + * * * * * + +JAMES THE SECOND, HIS REMAINS. + +The following curious account was given to me by Mr. Fitz-Simons, an +Irish gentleman, upwards of eighty years of age, with whom I became +acquainted when resident with my family at Toulouse, in September, 1840; +he having resided in that city for many years as a teacher of the French +and English languages, and had attended the late Sir William Follett in +the former capacity there in 1817. He said,-- + + "I was a prisoner in Paris, in the convent of the English + Benedictines in the Rue St. Jaques, during part of the + revolution. In the year 1793 or 1794, the body of King James II. + of England was in one of the chapels there, where it had been + deposited some time, under the expectation that it would one day + be sent to England for interment in Westminster Abbey. It had + never been buried. The body was in a wooden coffin, inclosed in + a leaden one; and that again inclosed in a second wooden one, + covered with black velvet. That while I was so a prisoner, the + sans-culottes broke open the coffins to get at the lead to cast + into bullets. The body lay exposed nearly a whole day. It was + swaddled like a mummy, bound tight with garters. The + sans-culottes took out the body, which had been embalmed. There + was a strong smell of vinegar and camphor. The corpse was + beautiful and perfect. The hands and nails were very fine, I + moved and bent every finger. I never saw so fine a set of teeth + in my life. A young lady, a fellow prisoner, wished much to have + a tooth; I tried to get one out for her, but could not, they + were so firmly fixed. The feet also were very beautiful. The + face and cheeks were just as if he were alive. I rolled his + eyes: the eye-balls were perfectly firm under my finger. The + French and English prisoners {244} gave money to the + sans-culottes for showing the body. They said he was a good + sans-culotte, and they were going to put him into a hole in the + public churchyard like other sand-culottes; and he was carried + away, but where the body was thrown I never heard. King George + IV. tried all in his power to get tidings of the body, but could + not. Around the chapel were several wax moulds of the face hung + up, made probably at the time of the king's death, and the + corpse was very like them. The body had been originally kept at + the palace of St. Germain, from whence it was brought to the + convent of the Benedictines. Mr. Porter, the prior, was a + prisoner at the time in his own convent." + +The above I took down from Mr. Fitz-Simons' own mouth, and read it to +him, and he said it was perfectly correct. Sir W. Follett told me he +thought Mr. Fitz-Simons was a runaway Vinegar Hill boy. He told me that +he was a monk. + +PITMAN JONES. + +Exeter, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_The Legend of Sir Richard Baker_ (vol. ii., p. 67.).--Will F.L. copy +the inscription on the monument in Cranbrook Church? The dates on it +will test the veracity of the legend. In the reign of Queen Mary, the +representative of the family was Sir John Baker, who in that, and the +previous reigns of Edward VI. and Henry VIII., had held some of the +highest offices in the kingdom. He had been Recorder of London, Speaker +of the House of Commons, Attorney-General and Chancellor of the +Exchequer, and died in the first year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. +His son, Sir Richard Baker, was twice high-sheriff of the county of +Kent, and had the honour of entertaining Queen Elizabeth in her progress +through the county. This was, most likely, the person whose monument +F.L. saw in Cranbrook Church. The family had been settled there from the +time of Edward III., and seem to have been adding continually to their +possessions; and at the time mentioned by F.L. as that of their decline, +namely, in the reign of Edward VI., they were in reality increasing in +wealth and dignities. If the Sir Richard Baker whose monument is +referred to by F.L. was the son of the Sir John above mentioned, the +circumstances of his life disprove the legend. He was not the sole +representative of the family remaining at the accession of Queen Mary. +His father was then living, and at the death of his father his brother +John divided with him the representation of the family, and had many +descendants. The family estates were not dissipated; on the contrary, +they were handed down through successive generations, to one of whom, a +grandson of Sir Richard, the dignity of a baronet was given; and +Sivinghurst, which was the family seat, was in the possession of the +third and last baronet's grandson, E.S. Beagham, in the year 1730. Add +to this that the Sir Richard Baker in question was twice married, and +that a monumental erection of the costly and honourable description +mentioned by F.L. was allowed to be placed to his memory in the chancel +of the church of the parish in which such Bluebeard atrocities are said +to have been committed, and abundant grounds will thence appear for +rejecting the truth of the legend in the absence of all evidence. The +unfortunately red colour of the gloves most likely gave rise to the +story. Nor is this a solitary instance of such a legend having such an +origin. In the beautiful parish church of Aston, in Warwickshire, are +many memorials of the Baronet family of Holt, who owned the adjoining +domain and hall, the latter of which still remains, a magnificent +specimen of Elizabethan architecture. Either in one of the compartments +of a painted window of the church, or upon a monumental marble to one of +the Holts, is the Ulster badge, as showing the rank of the deceased, and +painted red. From the colour of the badge, a legend of the bloody hand +has been created as marvellous as that of the Bloody Baker, so fully +detailed by F.L. + +ST. JOHNS. + + +[Will our correspondent favour us by communicating the Aston Legend of +the Holt Family to which he refers?] + +_Langley, Kent, Prophetic Spring at._--The following "note" upon a +passage in _Warkworth's Chronicle_ (pp. 23, 24.) may perhaps possess +sufficient interest to warrant its insertion in your valuable little +publication. The passage is curious, not only as showing the +superstitious dread with which a simple natural phenomenon was regarded +by educated and intelligent men four centuries ago, but also as +affording evidence of the accurate observation of a writer, whose +labours have shed considerable light upon "one of the darkest periods in +our annals." The chronicler is recording the occurrence, in the +thirteenth year of Edward the Fourth, of a "gret hote somere," which +caused much mortality, and "unyversalle fevers, axes, and the blody flyx +in dyverse places of Englonde," and also occasioned great dearth and +famine "in the southe partyes of the worlde." + +He then remarks that "dyverse tokenes have be schewede in Englonde this +year for amendynge of mannys lyvynge," and proceeds to enumerate several +springs or waters in various places, which only ran at intervals, and by +their running always portended "derthe, pestylence, or grete batayle." +After mentioning several of these, he adds-- + + "Also ther is a pytte in Kent in Langley Parke: ayens any + batayle he wille be drye, and it rayne neveyre so myche; and if + ther be no batayle toward, he wille be fulle of watere, be it + neveyre so drye a wethyre; and this yere he is drye." + +Langley Park, situated in a parish of the same {245} name, about four +miles to the south-east of Maidstone, and once the residence of the +Leybournes and other families, well-known in Kentish history, has long +existed only in name, having been disparked prior to 1570; but the +"pytte," or stream, whose wondrous qualities are so quaintly described +by Warkworth, still flows at intervals. It is scarcely necessary to add, +that it belongs to the class known as _intermitting springs_, the +phenomena displayed by which are easily explained by the syphon-like +construction of the natural reservoirs whence they are supplied. + +I have never heard that any remnant of this curious superstition can now +be traced in the neighbourhood, but persons long acquainted with the +spot have told me that the state of the stream was formerly looked upon +as a good index of the probable future price of corn. The same causes, +which regulated the supply or deficiency of water, would doubtless also +affect the fertility of the soil. + +EDWARD R.J. HOWE. + +Chancery Lane, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Poem by Malherbe_ (Vol. ii., p. 104.).--Possibly your correspondent MR. +SINGER may not be aware of the fact that the beauty of the fourth stanza +of Malherbe's Ode on the Death of Rosette Duperrier is owing to a +typographical error. The poet had written in his MS.-- + + "Et Rosette a vcu ce que vivent les roses," &c., + +omitting to cross his _t_'s, which the compositor took for _l_'s, and +set up _Roselle_. On receiving the proof-sheet, at the passage in +question a sudden light burst upon Malherbe; of _Roselle_ he made two +words, and put in two beautiful lines-- + + "Et Rose, elle a vcu ce que vivent les roses, + L'espace d'un matin." + +(See _Franais peints par eux-mmes_, vol. ii. p. 270.) + +P.S. KING. + +Kennington. + + +_Travels of Two English Pilgrims._-- + + "A True and Strange Discourse of the Travailes of Two English + Pilgrimes: what admirable Accidents befell them in their Journey + to Jerusalem, Gaza, Grand Cayro, Alexandria, and other places. + Also, what rare Antiquities, Monuments, and notable Memories + (concording with the Ancient Remembrances in the Holy + Scriptures), they sawe in the Terra Sancta; with a perfect + Description of the Old and New Jerusalem, and Situation of the + Countries about them. A Discourse of no lesse Admiration, then + well worth the regarding: written by one of them on the behalfe + of himselfe and his fellowe Pilgrime. Imprinted at London for + Thomas Archer, and are to be solde at his Shoppe, by the Royall + Exchange. 1603." + +A copy of this 4to. tract, formerly in the hands of Francis Meres, the +author of _Wit's Commonwealth_, has the following MS. note:-- + + "Timberley, dwellinge on Tower Hill, a maister of a ship, made + this booke, as Mr. Anthony Mundye tould me. Thomas, at Mrs. + Gosson's, sent my wyfe this booke for a token, February 15. A.D. + 1602." + +P.B. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +QUOTATIONS IN BISHOP ANDREWES' TORTURA TORTI. + +Can any of your contributors help me to ascertain the following +quotations which occur in Bishop Andrewes' _Tortura Torti_? + +P. 49.: + + "Si clavem potestatis non prcedat clavis discretionis." + +P. 58.: + + "Dispensationes nihil aliud esse quam legum vulnera." + +P. 58.: + + "Non dispensatio est, sed dissipatio." + +This, though not marked as a quotation, is, I believe, +in _S. Bernard_. + +P. 183.: + + "Et qu de septem totum circumspicit orbem Montibus, imperii + Roma Demque locus." + +P. 225.: + + "Nemo pius, qui pietatem cavet." + +P. 185.: + + "Minutuli et patellares Dei." + +I should also be glad to ascertain whence the following passages are +derived, which he quotes in his _Responsio ad Apologiam_? + +P. 48.: + + "[Greek: to gar trephon me tout ego kalo theon.]" + +P. 145.: + + "Van sine viribus ir." + +P. 119. occurs the "versiculus," + + "Perdere quos vult hos dementat;" + +the source of which some of your contributors have endeavoured to +ascertain. + +JAMES BLISS. + +Ogbourne St. Andrew. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_The Spider and the Fly._--Can any of your readers, gentle or simple, +senile or juvenile, inform me, through the medium of your useful and +agreeable periodical, in what collection of nursery rhymes a poem +called, I think, "The Spider and Fly," occurs, and if procurable, where? +The lines I allude to consisted, to the best of my recollection, of a +dialogue between a fly and a spider, and began thus:-- {246} + + _Fly_. Spider, spider, what do you spin? + _Spider_. Mainsails for a man-of war. + _Fly_. Spider, spider, 'tis too thin. + Tell me truly, what 'tis for. + _Spider_. 'Tis for curtains for the king, + When he lies in his state bed. + _Fly_. Spider, 'tis too mean a thing, + Tell me why your toils you spread. + &c. &c. &c. + +There were other stanzas, I believe, but these are all I can remember. +My notion is, that the verses in question form part of a collection of +nursery songs and rhymes by Charles Lamb, published many years ago, but +now quite out of print. This, however, is a mere surmise on my part, and +has no better foundation than the vein of humour, sprightliness, and +originality, obvious enough in the above extract, which we find running +through and adorning all he wrote. "Nihil quod tetigit non ornavit." + +S.J. + + +_A Lexicon of Types._--Can any of your readers inform me of the +existence of a collection of emblems or types? I do not mean allegorical +pictures, but isolated symbols, alphabetically arranged or otherwise. + +Types are constantly to be met with upon monuments, coins, and ancient +title-pages, but so mixed with other matters as to render the finding a +desired symbol, unless very familiar, a work of great difficulty. Could +there be a systematic arrangement of all those known, with their +definitions, it would be a very valuable work of reference,--a work in +which one might pounce upon all the sacred symbols, classic types, +signs, heraldic zoology, conventional botany, monograms, and the like +abstract art. + +LUKE LIMNER. + + +_Montaigne, Select Essays of._-- + + "Essays selected from Montaigne, with a Sketch of the Life of + the Author. London. For P. Cadell, &c. 1800." + +This volume is dedicated to the Rev. William Coxe, rector of Bemerton. + +The life of Montaigne is dated the 28th of March, 1800, and signed +_Honoria_. At the end of the book is this advertisement:-- + + "Lately published by the same Author 'The Female Mentor.' 2d + edit., in 2 vols. 12mo." + +Who was _Honoria_? and are these _essays_ a scarce book in England? In +France it is entirely unknown to the numerous commentators on +Montaigne's works. + +O.D. + +_Custom of wearing the Breast uncovered in Elizabeth's Reign._--Fynes +Moryson, in a well-known passage of his _Itinerary_, (which I suppose I +need not transcribe), tells us that unmarried females and young married +women wore the breasts uncovered in Queen Elizabeth's reign. This is the +custom in many parts of the East. Lamartine mentions it in his pretty +description of Mademoiselle Malagambe: he adds, "it is the custom of the +Arab females." When did this curious custom commence in England, and +when did it go out of fashion? + +JARLTZBERG. + +_Milton's Lycidas._--In a Dublin edition of Milton's _Paradise Lost_ +(1765), in a memoir prefixed I find the following explanation of than +rather obscure passage in _Lycidas_:-- + + "Besides what the grim wolf, with privy paw, + Daily devours apace, and nothing said; + But that two-handed engine at the door + Stands ready to smite once, and smite no more." + + "This poem is not all made up of sorrow and tenderness, there is + a mixture of satire and indignation: for in part of it, the poet + taketh occasion to inveigh against the corruptions of the + clergy, and seemeth to have first discovered his acrimony + against Arb. Laud, and to have threatened him with the loss of + his head, which afterwards happened to him thorough the fury of + his enemies. At least I can think of no sense so proper to be + given to these verses in Lycidas." (p. vii.) + +Perhaps some of your numerous correspondents will kindly inform me of +the meaning or meanings usually assigned to this passage. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Sitting during the Lessons._--What is the origin of the congregation +remaining seated, while the first and second lessons are read, in the +church service? The rubric is silent on the subject; it merely directs +that the person who reads them shall stand:-- + + "He that readeth so standing and turning himself, as he may best + be heard of all such as are present." + +With respect to the practice of sitting while the epistle is read, and +of standing while the gospel is read, in the communion service; there is +in the rubric a distinct direction that "all the people are to stand up" +during the latter, while it is silent as to the former. From the silence +of the rubric as to standing during the two lessons of the morning +service, and the epistle in the communion service, it seems to have been +inferred that the people were to sit. But why are they directed to stand +during the gospel in the communion service, while they sit during the +second lesson in the morning service? + +L. + + +_Blew-Beer._--Sir, having taken a Note according to your very sound +advice, I addressed a letter to the _John Bull_ newspaper, which was +published on Saturday, Feb. 16. It contained an extract from a political +tract, entitled,-- + + "The true History of Betty Ireland, with some Account of her + Sister Blanche of Brittain. Printed for J. Robinson, at the + Golden Lion in Ludgate Street, MDCCLIII. (1753)." {247} + +In allusion to the English the following passage occurs,-- + + "But they forget, they are all so idle and debauched, such + gobbling and drinking rascals, and expensive in _blew-beer_," + &c. + +Query the unde derivatur of _blew-beer_, and if it is to be taken in the +same sense as the modern phrase of "blue ruin," and if so, the cause of +the change or history of both expressions? + +H. + + +_Carpatio._--I have lately met with a large aquatinted engraving, +bearing the following descriptive title: "Angli Regis Legati +inspiciuntur Sponsam petentes Filiam Dionati Cornubi Regis pro Anglo +Principe." The costume of the figures is of the latter half of the +fifteenth century. The painter's name appears on a scroll, OP. VICTOR +CARPATIO VENETI. The copy of the picture for engraving was drawn by +Giovanni de Pian, and engraved by the same person and Francesco +Gallimberti, at Venice. I do not find the name of Carpatio in the +ordinary dictionaries of painters, and shall be glad to learn whether he +has here represented an historical event, or an incident of some +medival romance. I suspect the latter must be the case, as _Cornubia_ +is the Latin word used for Cornwall, and I am not aware of its having +any other application. Is this print the only one of the kind, or is it +one of a set? + +J.G.N. + + +_Value of Money in Reign of Charles II._--Will any of your +correspondents inform me of the value of 1000l. circa Charles II. in +present money, and the mode in which the difference is estimated? + +DION X. + + +_Bishop Berkeley--Adventures of Gaudentio di Lucca._--I have a volume +containing the adventures of Signor Gaudentio di Lucca, with his +examination before the Inquisition of Bologna. In a bookseller's +catalogue I have seen it ascribed to Bishop Berkeley. Can any of your +readers inform me who was the author, or give me any particulars as to +the book? + +IOTA. + + +_Cupid and Psyche._--Can any of your learned correspondents inform me +whether the fable of Cupid and Psyche was invented by Apuleius; or +whether he made use of a superstition then current, turning it, as it +suited his purpose, into the beautiful fable which has been handed down +to us as his composition? + +W.M. + + +_Znd-nadel Guns._--In paper of September or October last, I saw a +letter dated Berlin, Sept. 11, which commenced-- + + "We have had this morning a splendid military spectacle, and + being the first of the kind since the revolution, attracted + immense crowds to the scene of action." + + "The Fusileer battalions (light infantry) were all armed with + the new znd-nadel guns, the advantages and superiority of which + over the common percussion musket now admits of no + contradiction, with the sole exception of the facility of + loading being an inducement to fire somewhat too quick, when + firing independently, as in battle, or when acting en + tirailleur. The invincible pedantry and amour-propre of our + armourers and inspectors of arms in England, their + disinclination to adopt inventions not of English growth, and + their slowness to avail themselves of new models until they are + no longer new, will, undoubtedly, exercise the usual influence + over giving this powerful weapon even a chance in England. It is + scarcely necessary to point out the great advantages that these + weapons, carrying, let us say, 800 yards with perfect accuracy, + have over our muskets, of which the range does not exceed 150, + and that very uncertain. Another great advantage of the + znd-nadel is, that rifles or light infantry can load with ease + without effort when lying flat on the ground. The opponents of + the znd-nadel talk of over-rapid firing and the impossibility + of carrying sufficient ammunition to supply the demands. This is + certainly a drawback, but it is compensated by the immense + advantage of being able to pour in a deadly fire when you + yourself are out of range, or of continuing this fire so + speedily as to destroy half your opponents before they can + return a shot with a chance of taking effect." + +This was the first intimation I ever had of the znd-nadel guns. I +should like to know when and by whom they were invented, and their +mechanism. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Bacon Family, Origin of the Name._--Among the able notes, or the +_not_-able Queries of a recent Number, (I regret that I have it not at +hand, for an exact quotation), a learned correspondent mentioned, _en +passant_, that the word _bacon_ had the obsolete signification of +"_dried wood_." As a patronymic, BACON has been not a little +illustrious, in literature, science, and art; and it would be +interesting to know whether the name has its origin in the crackling +fagot or in the cured flitch. Can any of your genealogical +correspondents help me to authority on the subject? + +A modern motto of the Somersetshire Bacons has an ingenious rebus: + + ProBa-conSCIENTIA; + +the capitals, thus placed, giving it the double reading, Proba +coniscientia, and Pro Bacon Scientia. + +NOCAB. + + +_Armorials._--Sable, a fesse or, in chief two fleurs de lis or, in base +a hind courant argent. E.D.B. will feel grateful to any gentlemen who +will kindly inform him of the name of the family to which the above coat +belonged. They were quartered by Richard or Roger Barow, of Wynthorpe, +in Lincolnshire (_Harl. MS._ 1552. 42 _b_), who died in 1505. + +E.D.B. + + +_Artephius, the Chemical Philosopher._--What is known of the chemical +philosopher Artephius? He is mentioned in Jocker's _Dictionary_, and by +Roger Bacon (in the _Opus Majus_ and elsewhere), {248} and a tract +ascribed to him is printed in the _Theatrum Chemicum_. + +E. + + +_Sir Robert Howard._--Can any reader assist me in finding out the author +of + + "A Discourse of the Nationall Excellencies of England. By R.H., + London. Printed by Thomas Newcomb for Henry Fletcher, at the + Three Gilt Cups in the New Buildings, near the west end of St. + Paul's, 1658. 12 mo., pp. 248." + +This is a very remarkable work, written in an admirable style, and +wholly free from the coarse party spirit which then generally prevailed. +The writer declares, p. 235., he had not subscribed the engagement, and +there are internal evidences of his being a churchman and a monarchist. +Is there any proof of its having been written by Sir Robert Howard? A +former possessor of the copy now before me, has written his name on the +title-page as its conjectured author. My copy of Sir Robert's _Poems_, +published two years after, was published not by _Fletcher_, but by +"Henry Herringman, at the sign of the Anchor, in the lower walk of the +New Exchange." John Dryden, Sir Robert's brother-in-law, in the +complimentary stanzas on Howard's poems, says, + + "To write worthy things of worthy men, + Is the peculiar talent of your pen." + +I would further inquire if a reason can be assigned for the omission +from Sir Robert Howard's collected plays of _The Blind Lady_, the only +dramatic piece given in the volume of poems of 1660. My copy is the +third edition, published by Tonson, 1722. + +A.B.R. + + +_Crozier and Pastoral Staff._--What is the real difference between a +crozier and a pastoral staff? + +I.Z.P. + + +_Marks of Cadency._--The copious manner in which your correspondent E.K. +(Vol. ii., p. 221.) has answered the question as to the "when and why" +of the unicorn being introduced as one of the supporters of the royal +arms, induces me to think that he will readily and satisfactorily +respond to an heraldic inquiry of a somewhat more intricate nature. + +What were the peculiar marks of cadency used by the heirs to the crown, +apparent and presumptive, after the accession of the Stuarts? For +example, what were the changes, if any, upon the label or file of +difference used in the coat-armour of Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest son +of James I., and of his brother Charles, when Prince of Wales, and so +on, to the present time? + + +_Miniature Gibbet, &c._--A correspondent of the _Times_ newspaper has +recently given the following account of an occurrence which took place +about twenty-five years ago, and the concluding ceremony of which he +personally witnessed:-- + + "A man had been condemned to be hung for murder. On the Sunday + morning previous to the sentence being carried into execution, + he contrived to commit suicide in the prison by cutting his + throat with a razor. On Monday morning, according to the then + custom, his body was brought out from Newgate in a cart; and + after Jack Ketch had exhibited to the people a small model + gallows, with a razor hanging therefrom, in the presence of the + sheriffs and city authorities, he was thrown into a hole dug for + that purpose. A stake was driven through his body, and a + quantity of lime thrown in over it." + +Will any correspondent of "NOTES AND QUERIES" give a solution of this +extraordinary exhibition? Had the sheriffs and city authorities any +legal sanction for Jack Ketch's disgusting part in the performances? +What are the meaning and origin of driving a stake through the body of a +suicide? + +A.G. + +Ecclesfield + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES + +COLLAR OF SS. + +If you desire proof of the great utility of your publication, methinks +there is a goodly quantum of it in the very interesting and valuable +information on the Collar of SS., which the short simple question of B. +(Vol. ii., p. 89.) has drawn forth; all tending to illustrate a mooted +historical question:--first, in the reply of [Greek: Phi.] (Vol. ii., p. +110.), giving reference to the _Gentleman's Magazine_, with two +_rider_-Queries; then MR. NICHOLS'S announcement (Vol. ii., p. 140.) of +a forthcoming volume on the subject, and a reply in part to the Query of +[Greek: Phi.]; then (Vol. ii, p. 171.) MR. E. FOSS, as to the _rank_ of +the legal worthies allowed to wear this badge of honour; and next (Vol. +ii., p. 194.) an ARMIGER, who, though he rides rather high on the +subject, over all the Querists and Replyists, deserves many thanks for +his very instructive and scholarlike dissertation. + +What the S. signifies has evidently been a puzzle. That a chain is a +badge of honour, there can be no doubt; but may not the _Esses_, after +all, mean nothing at all? originating in the simple S. link, a form +often used in chain-work, and under the name of S. A series of such, +linked together, would produce an elegant design, which in the course of +years would be wrought more like the letter, and be embellished and +varied according to the skill and taste of the workman, and so, that +which at first had no particular meaning, and was merely accidental, +would, after a time, be _supposed_ to be the _initial letters_ of what +is now only guessed at, or be involved in heraldic mystery. As for +[Greek: Phi.]'s rider-Query (Vol ii., p. 110.), repeated by MR. FOSS +(Vol. ii., p. 171.), as to dates,--it may be one step towards a reply if +I here mention, that in Yatton Church, Somerset, there {249} is a +beautifully wrought alabaster monument, without inscription, but +traditionally ascribed to judge Newton, alias Cradock, and his wife Emma +de Wyke. There can be no doubt, from the costume, that the effigy is +that of a judge, and under his robes is visible the Collar of Esses. The +monument is in what is called the Wyke aisle or chapel. That it is +Cradock's, is confirmed by a garb or wheat-sheaf, on which his head is +laid. (The arms of Cradock are, Arg. on a chevron az. 3 _garbs_ or.) +Besides, in the very interesting accounts of the churchwardens of the +parish, annis 1450-1, among the receipts there is this entry: + + "It.: Recipim. de Dn de Wyke p. man. T. Newton filii sui de + legato Dni. Riei. Newton ad ---- p. campana ... xx." + +Richard Cradock was the first of his family who took the name of Newton, +and I have been informed that the last fine levied before him was, Oct. +Mart. 27 Hen. VI. (Nov. 1448), proving that the canopied altar tomb in +Bristol Cathedral, assigned to him, and recording that he died 1444, +must be an error. It is stated, that the latter monument was defaced +during the civil wars, and repaired in 1747, which is, probably, all +that is true of it. But this would carry me into another subject, to +which, perhaps, I may be allowed to return some other day. However, we +have got a date for the use of the collar by the _chief_ judges, +_earlier_ than that assigned by MR. FOSS, and it is somewhat +confirmatory of what he tells us, that it was not worn by any of the +_puisne_ order. + +H.T. ELLACOMBE. + +Bitton, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +_The Livery Collar of SS._--Though ARMIGER (Vol. ii., p. 194.) has not +adduced any facts on this subject that were previously unknown to me, he +has advanced some misstatements and advocated some erroneous notions, +which it may be desirable at once to oppose and contradict; inasmuch as +they are calculated to envelope in fresh obscurity certain particulars, +which it was the object of my former researches to set forth in their +true light. And first, I beg to say that with respect to the "four +inaccuracies" with which he charges me, I do not plead guilty to any of +them. 1st. When B. asked the question, "Is there any list of persons who +were honoured with that badge?" it was evident that he meant, Is there +any list of the names of such persons, as of the Knights of the Garter +or the Bath? and I correctly answered, No: for there still is no such +list. The description of the classes of persons who might use the collar +in the 2 Hen. IV. is not such a list as B. asked for. 2dly. Where I said +"That persons were not honoured with the badge, in the sense that +persons are now decorated with stars, crosses, or medals," I am again +unrefuted by the statute of 2 Hen. IV., and fully supported by many +historical facts. I repeat that the livery collar was not worn as a +badge of honour, but as a badge of feudal allegiance. It seems to have +been regarded as giving certain weight and authority to the wearer, and, +therefore, was only to be worn in the king's presence, or in coming to +and from the king's hostel, except by the higher ranks; and this +entirely confirms my view. Had it been a mere personal decoration, like +the collar of an order of knighthood, there would have been no reason +for such prohibition; but as it conveyed the impression that the wearer +was especially one of the king's immediate military or household +servants, and invested with certain power or influence on that ground, +therefore its assumption away from the neighbourhood of the court was +prohibited, except to individuals otherwise well known from their +personal rank and station. 3dly. When ARMIGER declares I am wrong in +saying "That the collar was _assumed_," I have every reason to believe I +am still right. I may admit that, if it was literally a livery, it would +be worn only by those to whom the king gave it; but my present +impression is, that it was termed the king's livery, as being of the +pattern which was originally distributed by the king, or by the Duke of +Lancaster his father, to his immediate adherents, but which was +afterwards _assumed_ by all who were anxious to assert their loyalty, or +distinguish their partizanship as true Lancastrians; so that the statute +of 2 Hen. IV. was rendered necessary to restrain its undue and +extravagant _assumption_, for sundry good political reasons, some notion +of which may be gathered by perusing the poem on the deposition of +Richard II. published by the Camden Society. And 4thly, Where ARMIGER +disputes my conclusion, that the assumers were, so far as can be +ascertained, those who were attached to the royal household or service, +it will be perceived, by what I have already stated, that I still adhere +to that conclusion. I do not, therefore, admit that the statute of 2 +Henry IV. shows me to be incorrect in any one of those four particulars. +ARMIGER next proceeds to allude to Manlius Torquatus, who won and wore +the golden torc of a vanquished Gaul: but this story only goes to prove +that the collar of the Roman _torquati_ originated in a totally +different way from the Lancastrian collar of livery. ARMIGER goes on to +enumerate the several derivations of the Collar of Esses--from the +initial letter of _Soverayne_, from _St. Simplicius_, from _St. Crispin_ +and _St. Crispinian_, the martyrs of Soissons, from the _Countess of +Salisbury_, from the word _Souvenez_, and lastly, from the office of +_Seneschalus_, or Steward of England, held by John of Ghent,--which is, +as he says, "Mr. Nichols's notion," but the whole of which he +stigmatises alike "as mere monkish or heraldic gossip;" and, finally, he +proceeds to unfold his own recondite discovery, "viz. that it comes from +the S-shaped lever upon the bit {250} of the bridle of the war +steed,"--a conjecture which will assuredly have fewer adherents than any +one of its predecessors. But now comes forth the disclosure of what +school of heraldry this ARMIGER is the champion. He is one who can tell +us of "many more rights and privileges than are dreamt of in the +philosophy either of the court of St. James's or the college of St. +Bennet's Hill!" In short, he is the mouthpiece of "the Baronets' +Committee for Privileges." And this is the law which he lays down:-- + + "The persons now privileged to wear the ancient golden collar of + SS. are the _equites aurati_, or knights (chevaliers) in the + British monarchy, a body which includes all the hereditary order + of baronets in England, Scotland, and Ireland, with such of + their eldest sons, being of age, as choose to claim inauguration + as knights." + +Here we have a full confession of a large part of the faith of the +Baronets' Committee,--a committee of which the greater number of those +who lent their names to it are probably by this time heartily ashamed. +It is the doctrine held forth in several works on the Baronetage +compiled by a person calling himself "Sir Richard Broun," of whom we +read in Dodd's _Baronetage_, that "previous to succeeding his father, he +demanded inauguration as a knight, in the capacity of a baronet's eldest +son; but the Lord Chamberlain having refused to present him to the Queen +for that purpose, he assumed the title of 'Sir,' and the addition of +'Eques Auratus,' in June, 1842." So we see that ARMIGER and the Lord +Chamberlain are at variance as to part of the law above cited; and so, +it might be added, have been other legal authorities, to the privileges +asserted by the mouthpiece of the said committee. But that is a long +story, on which I do not intend here to enter. I had not forgotten that +in one of the publications of Sir Richard Broun the armorial coat of the +premier baronet of each division is represented encircled with a Collar +of Esses; but I should never have thought of alluding to this freak, +except as an amusing instance of fantastic assumption. I will now +confine myself to what has appeared in the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES;" +and, more particularly, to the unfounded assertion of ARMIGER in p. +194., "that the golden Collar of SS. was the undoubted badge or mark of +a knight, _eques auratus_;" which he follows up by the dictum already +quoted, that "the persons now privileged to wear the ancient golden +Collar of SS. are the _equites aurati_." I believe it is generally +admitted that knights were _equites aurati_ because they wore golden or +gilt spurs; certainly it was not because they wore golden collars, as +ARMIGER seems to wish us to believe; and the best proof that the Collar +of Esses was not the badge of a knight, as such, at the time when such +collars were most worn, in the fifteenth century, is this--that the +monumental effigies and sepulchral brasses of many knights at that time +are still extant which have no Collar of Esses; whilst the Collar of +Esses appears only on the figures of a limited number, who were +undoubtedly such as wished to profess their especial adherence to the +royal House of Lancaster. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS. + + * * * * * + +SIR GREGORY HORTON, BART. + +(Vol. ii., p. 216.) + +The creation of the baronetcy of _Norton_, of Rotherfield, in East +Tysted, co. Hants, took place in the person of Sir Richard Norton, of +Rotherfield, Kt., 23d May, 1622, and _expired_ with him on his death +without male issue in 1652. + +The style of Baronet, in the case of _Sir Gregory Norton_, the +_regicide_, was an assumption not uncommon in those days; as in the case +of _Prettyman_ of Lodington, and others. + +The regicide in his will styles himself "Sir Richard Norton, of Paul's, +Covent Garden, in the county of Middlesex, Bart." It bears date 12th +March, 1651, and was proved by his relict, Dame Martha Norton, 24th +Sept., 1652. He states that his land at Penn, in the county of Bucks, +was _mortgaged_, and mentions his "disobedient son, Henrie Norton;" and +desires his burial-place may be at Richmond, co. Surrey. + +The descent of Gregory Norton is not known. There is no evidence of his +connexion with the Rotherfield or Southwick Nortons. His assumption of +the title was not under any claim he could have had, real or imaginary, +connected with the Rotherfield patent; for he uses the title at the same +time with Sir Richard of Rotherfield, whose will is dated 26th July, +1652, and not proved till 5th Oct, 1652, when Sir Gregory was dead; and, +what is singular, the will of Sir Richard was proved by his brother, +John Norton, by the style of _Baronet_, to which he could have had no +pretension, as Sir Richard died without male issue, and there was no +limitation of the patent of 1622 on failure of heirs male of the body of +the grantee. + +G. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE'S WORD "DELIGHTED." + +That the Shakspearian word _delighted_ might, as far as its form goes, +mean "endowed with delight," "full of delight," I should readily +concede; but this meaning would suit neither the passage in _Measure for +Measure_,--"the delighted spirit,"--nor (satisfactorily) that in +_Othello_,--"delighted beauty." Whether, therefore, _delighted_ be +derived from the Latin _delectus_ or not, I still believe that it means +"refined," "dainty," "delicate;" a sense which is curiously adapted to +each of the three places. This will not be questioned with respect to +the second and third passages cited by {251} MR. HICKSON: and the +following citations will, I think, prove the point as effectually for +the passage of _Measure for Measure_: + + 1. "_Fine_ apparition".--_Tempest_, Act i. sc. 2. + + 2. "Spirit, _fine_ spirit."--Ditto. + + 3. "_Delicate_ Ariel."--Ditto. + + 4. "And, for thou wast a spirit too _delicate_, + To act her _earthy_ and abhorred commands." + Ditto. + + 5. "_Fine_ Ariel."--Ditto. + + 6. "My _delicate_ Ariel."--Ditto. Act iv. sc. 1. + + 7. "Why that's my _dainty_ Ariel."--Ditto. Act v. + sc. 1. + +I do not know the precise nature of the "old authorities" which MR. +SINGER opposes to my conjecture: but may we not demur to the +conclusiveness of any "old authorities" on such a point? Etymology seems +to be one of the developing sciences, in which we know more, and better, +than our forefathers, as our descendants will know more, and better, +than we do. + +To end with a brace of queries. Are not _delicioe_, _delicatus_, more +probably from _deligere_ than from _delicere_? And whence comes the word +_dainty_? I cannot believe in the derivation from _dens_, "a tooth." + +B.H. KENNEDY. + + * * * * * + +AROSTATION. + +Your correspondent C.B.M. (Vol. ii., p 199.) will find a long article on +_Arostation_ in Rees' _Cyclopdia_; but his inquiry reminds me of a +conversation I had with the late Sir Anthony Carlisle, about a year +before his death. He wished to consult me on the subject of flying by +mechanical means, and that I should assist him in some of his +arrangements. He had devoted many years of his life to the consideration +of this subject, and made numerous experiments at great cost, which +induced him to believe in the possibility of enabling man to fly by +means of artificial wings. However visionary this idea might be, he had +collected innumerable and extremely interesting data, having examined +the anatomical structure of almost every winged thing in the creation, +and compared the weight of the body with the area of the wings when +expanded in the act of volitation as well as the natural habits of +birds, insects, bats, and fishes, with reference to their powers of +flying and duration of flight. + +These notes would form a valuable addition to natural history, whatever +might be thought of the purpose for which they were collected, during a +period of thirty years; and it is much to be regretted they were never +published. His own opinion was, that the publication, during his life +would injure his practice as a physician. It would be impossible without +the aid of diagrams, and I do not remember sufficient, to explain his +mechanical contrivances; but the general principle was, to suspend the +man under a kind of flat parachute of extremely thin _feather-edge_ +boards, with a power of adjusting the angle at which it was placed, and +allowing the man the full use of his arms and legs to work any machinery +placed beneath; the area of the parachute being proportioned, as in +birds to the weight of the man, who was to start from the top of a high +tower, or some elevated position, flying against the wind. + +HENRY WILKINSON. + +Brompton. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Long Lonkin_ (Vol. ii., p. 168.).--If SELEUCUS will refer to Mr. +Chamber's _Collection of Scottish Ballads_, he will find there the whole +story under the name of Lammilsin, of which Lonkin appears to me to be a +corruption. In the 6th verse it is rendered: + + "He said to his ladye fair, + Before he gaed abuird, + Beware, beware o, Lammilsin! + For he lyeth in the wudde." + +Then the story goes on to state that Lammilsin crept in at a little shot +window, and after some conversation with the "fause nourrice" they +decide to + + "Stab the babe, and make it cry, + And that will bring her down." + +Which being done, they murder the unhappy lady. Shortly after, Lord +Weirie comes home, and has the "fause nourrice" burnt at the stake. From +the circumstance that the name of the husband of the murdered lady was +Weirie, it is conjectured that this tragedy took place at Balwearie +Castle, in Fife, and the old people about there constantly affirm that +it really occurred. I am not aware that there exists any connection +between the hero of this story and the _nursery rhyme_; for, as I before +stated, I think Lonkin a corruption of Lammilsin. + +H.H.C. + + +_Rowley Powley_ (Vol. ii., p. 74.).--Andre Valladier, who died about the +middle of the sixteenth century, was a popular preacher and the king's +almoner. He gained great applause for his funeral oration on Henry IV. +In his sermon for the second Sunday in Lent (Rouen, 1628), he says;-- + + "Le paon est gentil et miste, bien que par la parfaite beaut de + sa houppe, par la raret et noblesse de sa teste, par la + gentilesse et nettet de son cou, par l'ornement de ses pennes + et par la majest de tout le reste de son corps, il ravit tous + ceux qui le contemplent attentivement; toutefois au rencontre de + sa femelle, pour l'attirer son amour, il dploye sa pompe, + fait montrer et parade de son plumage bizarr, et RIOLL PIOLL + se presente elle avec piafe, et luy donne la plus belle vise + de sa roue. De mesme ce Dieu admirable, amoreux des hommes, pour + nous ravir d'amour soy, desploye le lustre de ses plus + accomplies beautez, et comme un amant transport de sa bienaime + se {252} montre pour nous allecher cetter transformation de + nous en luy, de nostre misre en sa gloire."--Ap. + _Predicatoriuna_ p. 132-3: Dijon, 1841. + +H.B.C. + + +_Guy's Armour_ (Vol. ii., pp. 55. 187.).--With respect to the armour +said to have belonged to Guy, Earl of Warwick, your correspondent NASO +is referred to Grose's _Military Antiquities_, vol. ii. pl. 42., where +he will find an engraving of a bascinet of the fourteenth century, much +dilapidated, but having still a fragment of the moveable vizor adhering +to the pivot on which it worked. Whether this interesting relic is still +at Warwick Castle or not, I cannot pretend to say, as I was +unfortunately prevented joining the British Archological Association at +the Warwick congress in 1847, and have never visited that part of the +country; but the bascinet which was there in Grose's time was at least +of the date of Guido de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, the builder of Guy's +Tower, who died in 1315, and who has always been confounded with the +fabulous Guy: and if it has disappeared, we have to regret the loss of +the only specimen of an English bascinet of that period that I am aware +of in this country. + +J.R. PLANCH + + +_Alarm_ (Vol. ii., pp. 151. 183.).--The origin of this word appears to +be the Italian cry, _all'arme; gridare all'arme_ is to give the alarm. +Hence the French _alarme_, and from the French is borrowed the English +word. _Alarum_ for _alarm_, is merely a corruption produced by +mispronunciation. The letters _l_ and _r_ before _m_ are difficult to +pronounce; and they are in general, according to the refined standard of +our pronunciation, so far softened as only to lengthen the preceding +vowel. In provincial pronunciation, however, the force of the former +letter is often preserved, and the pronunciation is facilitated by the +insertion of a vowel before the final _m_. The Irish, in particular, +adopt this mode of pronouncing; even in public speaking they say +_callum_, _firrum_, _farrum_, for _calm_, _firm_, _farm_. The old word +_chrisom_ for _chrism_, is an analogous change: the Italians have in +like manner lengthened _chrisma_ into _cresima_; the French have +softened it into _chrme_. + +L. + + +_Alarm._--It is in favour of the derivation _ l'arme_ that the Italian +is _allarme_; some dictionaries even have _dare all'arme_, with the +apostrophe, for to give alarm. It is against it that the German word +_Lrm_ is used precisely as the English _alarm_. Your correspondent CH. +thinks the French derivation suspiciously ingenious: here I must differ; +I think it suspiciously obvious. I will give him a suggestion which I +think really suspiciously ingenious: in fact, had not the opportunity +occurred for illustrating ingenuity, I should not have ventured it. May +it not be that _alarme_ and _allarme_ is formed in the obvious way, as +_to arms_; while _alarum_ and _Lrm_ wholly unconnected with them? May +it not sometimes happen that, by coincidence, the same sounds and +meanings go together in different languages without community of origin? +Is it not possible that _larum_ and _Lrm_ are imitations of the stroke +and subsequent resonance of a large bell? Denoting the continued sound +of _m_ by _m-m-m_, I think that _lrm-m-m-lrm-m-m-lrm-m-m_ &c., is as +good an imitation of a large bell at some distance as letters can make. +And in the old English use of the word, the alarum refers more often to +a bell than to any thing else. + +The introduction of the military word into English can be traced, as to +time, with a certain probability. In 1579, Thomas Digges published his +_Arithmeticall Militare Treatise named Stratioticos_, which he informs +us is mainly the writing of his father, Leonard Digges. At page 170. the +father seems to finish with "and so I mean to finishe this treatise:" +while the son, as we must suppose, adds p. 171. and what follows. In the +father's part the word _alarm_ is not mentioned, that I can find. If it +occurred anywhere, it would be in describing the duties of the +_scout-master_; but here we have nothing but _warning_ and _surprise_, +never _alarm_. But in the son's appendix, the word _alarme_ does occur +twice in one page (173.). It also occurs in the body of the _second_ +edition of the book, when of course it is the son who inserts it. We may +say then, that, in all probability, the military technical term was +introduced in the third quarter of the sixteenth century. This, I +suspect, is too late to allow us to suppose that the vernacular force +which Shakspeare takes it to have, could have been gained for it by the +time he wrote. + +The second edition was published in 1590; about this time the spelling +of the English language made a very rapid approach to its present form. +This is seen to a remarkable extent in the two editions of the +_Stratioticos_; in the first, the commanding officer of a regiment is +always _corronel_, in the second _collonel_. But the most striking +instance I now remember, is the following. In the first edition of +Robert Recorde's _Castle of Knowledge_ (1556) occurs the following +tetrastich:-- + + "If reasons reache transcende the skye, + Why shoulde it then to earthe be bounde? + The witte is wronged and leadde awrye, + If mynde be maried to the grounde." + +In the second edition (1596) the above is spelt as we should now do it, +except in having _skie_ and _awrie_. + +M. + + +_Prelates of France_ (Vol. ii., p. 182.).--In answer to a Minor Query of +P.C.S.S., I can inform him that I have in my possession, if it be of any +use to him, a manuscript entitled _Tableau de l'Ordre religieux en +France, avant et depuis l'Edit de 1768_, {253} containing the houses, +number of religions, and revenues, and the several dioceses in which +they were to be found. + +M. + +Midgham House, Newbury, Berks. + + +_Haberdasher_ (Vol. ii., p. 167.).-- + + "Haberdasher, a retailer of goods, a dealer in small wares; T. + _haubvertauscher_, from _haab_; B. _have_; It. _haveri_, + _haberi_, goods, wares; and _tauscher_, _vertauscher_, a dealer, + an exchanger; G. _tuiskar_; D. _tusker_; B. _tuischer_." + +This derivation of the term _haberdasher_ is from _Thomson's Etymons_, +and seems to be satisfactory. + +_Haberdascher_ was the name of a trade at least as early as the reign of +Edward III.; but it is not easy to decide what was the sort of trade or +business then carried on under that name. Any elucidation of that point +would be very acceptable. + +D. + + +"_Rapido contrarius orbi_" (Vol. ii., p. 120.).--No answer having +appeared to the inquiry of N.B., it may be stated that, in Hartshorne's +_Book-Rarities of Cambridge_, mention is made of a painting, in Emanuel +College, of "Abp. Sancroft, sitting at a writing-table with arms, and +motto, _Rapido contrarius orbi_. P.P. Lens, F.L." + +Brayley, in his _Concise Account of Lambeth Palace_, describes a +portrait, in the vestry, of "A young man in a clerical habit, or rather +that of a student, with a motto beneath, 'Rapido contrarium orbo'" +(whether the motto, as thus given, is the printer's or the painter's +error does not appear), "supposed to be Abp. Sancroft when young.--Date +1650." + +G.A.S. + + +_Robertson of Muirtown_ (Vol. ii., p. 135.).--C.R.M. will find a +pedigree of the family of Robertson of _Muirton_ in a small duodecimo +entitled: + + "The History and Martial Atchievements of the Robertsons of + Strowan. Edinburgh: printed for and by Alex. Robertson in + _Morison's_ Close; where Subscribers may call for their copies." + +The date of publication is not given; I think, however, it must have +been printed soon after 1st January 1771, which is the latest date in +the body of the work. + +The greater portion of the volume is occupied with the poems of +Alexander Robertson of Strowan who died in 1749. + +A.R.X. + +Paisley. + + +"_Noli me tangere_" (Vol. ii., p. 153.)--The following list of some of +the painters of this subject may assist B.R.:-- + +_Timoteo delle Vite_--for St. Angelo at Cogli. + +_Titian_--formerly in the Orleans collection, and engraved by N. +Tardieu, in the Crozat Gallery. + +_Ippolito Scarsella_ (Lo Scarsellino)--for St. Nicolo Ferrara. + +_Cristoforo Roncalli_ (Il Cav. delle Pomarance)--for the Eremitani at +St. Severino. + +_Lucio Massari_--for the Celestini, Bologna. + +_Francesco Boni_ (Il Gobbino)--for the Dominicani, Faenza. + +I.Z.P. + + +_Clergy sold for Slaves_ (Vol. ii., p. 51.),--MR. SANSOM will find in +the _Cromwellian Diary of Thomas Burton_, iv. 255. 273. 301-305., ample +material for an answer to his question respecting the sale of any of the +loyal party for slaves during the rebellion. + +There is no evidence of any _clergymen_ having been sold as slaves to +Algiers or Barbadoes. Drs. Beale, Martin, and Sterne, heads of colleges, +were threatened with this outrage (see _Querela Cantabrigiensis_ +appended to the _Mercurius Rusticus_ p. 184). In the life of Dr. John +Barwick, one of the authors of the _Querela_ (in the Eng. transl. p. +42.), the story is thus told: + + "The rebels at that time threatened some of their greatest men + and most learned heads (such as Dr William Beale, Dr. Edward + Martin, and Dr. Richard Sterne) transportation into the isles of + America, or even to the barbarian Turks: for these great men, + and several other very eminent divines, were kept close + prisoners in a ship on the Thames, under the hatches, almost + killed with stench, hunger, and watching; and treated by the + senseless mariners with more insolence than if they had been the + vilest slaves, or had been confined there for some infamous + robbery or murder. Nay, one Rigby, a scoundrel of the very dregs + of the parliament rebels, did at that time expose these venerable + persons to sale, and _would actually have sold them for slaves, + if any one would have bought them_." + +In a note, it is added that Rigby moved twice in the Long Parliament, + + "That those lords and gentlemen who were prisoners, should be + sold as slaves to Argiere, or sent to the new plantations in the + West Indies, because he had contracted with two merchants for + that purpose." + +Col. Rigby, so justly denounced by Barwick, sat in the Long Parliament +for the borough of Wigan, and in the Parliarment of 1658-9 represented +Lancashire. He was a native of Preston, was bred to the law, and held a +colonel's rank in the parliamentary army. He was one of the committee of +sequestrators for Lancashire, served at the siege of Latham House, and +in 1649 was created Baron of the Exchequer, but was superseded by +Cromwell. + +Calamy, the historian and chaplain of the Nonconformists, treated +Walker's statement quoted by MR. SANSOM as a fiction, and advised him to +expunge the passage. See his _Church and Dissenters compared as to +Persecution_, 1719, pp. 40, 41. + +A.B.R. + + +_North Side of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., pp. 55. 189).--One of your +writers has recently endeavoured to explain the popular dislike to +burial on the north side of the church, by reference to the place of the +churchyard cross, the sunniness, and the greater resort of the people to +the south. {254} These are not only meagre reasons, but they are +incorrect. + +The doctrine of regions was coeval with the death of Our Lord. The east +was the realm of the oracles; the especial Throne of God. The west was +the domain of the people; the Galilee of all nations was there. The +south, the land of the mid-day, was sacred to things heavenly and +divine. The north was the devoted region of Satan and his hosts; the +lair of demons, and their haunt. In some of our ancient churches, over +against the font, and in the northern walls, there was a devil's door. + +It was thrown open at every baptism for the escape of the fiend, and at +all other seasons carefully closed. Hence came the old dislike to +sepulture at the north. + +R.S. HAWKER. + +Morwenstow, Cornwall. + + +_Sir John Perrot_ (Vol. ii., p. 217.).--This Query surprises me. Sir +John Perrot was not governor of Ireland _in the reign of Henry VIII._, +and your correspondent E.N.W. is mistaken in his belief that Sir John +was _beheaded_ in the reign of Elizabeth. He was convicted of treason +16th June, 1592, and died in the Tower in September following. In the +_British Plutarch_, 3rd edit., 1791, vol. i. p. 121., is _The Life of +Sir John Perrot_. The authorities given are Cox's _History of Ireland; +Life of Sir John Perrot_, 8vo., 1728; _Biographia Britannica_; Salmon's +_Chronological History_; to which I may add the following references:-- + +Howell's _State Trials_, i. 1315; Camden's _Annals_; Naunton's +_Fragmenta Regalia_; Lloyd's _State Worthies_; Nash's _Worcestershire_; +Strype's _Ecclesiastical Memorials_, iii. 297.; Strype's _Annals_, iii. +337, 398-404.; _Stradling Letters_, 48-50.; Nare's _Life of Lord +Burghley_, iii. 407.; _Fourth Report of Deputy Keeper of Public +Records_, Appendix, ii. 281. Dean Swift, in his _Introduction to Polite +Conversation_, says,-- + + "Sir John Perrot was the first man of quality whom I find upon + the record to have sworn by _God's wounds_. He lived in the + reign of Queen Elizabeth, and was supposed to be a natural son + of Henry VIII., who might also have been his instructor." + +C.H. COOPER + +Cambridge, August 31. 1850. + + +_Coins of Constantius II._--The coins of this prince are, from their +titles being identical with those of his cousin, very difficult to be +distinguished. _My_ only guide is the portrait. Gallus died at +twenty-nine; and we may suppose that his coins would present a more +youthful portrait than Constantius II. The face of Constantius is long +and thin, and is distinguished by the royal diadem. The youthful head +resembling Constantius the Great with the laurel crown, _Rev_. Two +military figures standing, with spears and bucklers, between them two +standards, _Ex._ S M N B., I have arranged in my cabinet, how far +rightly I know not, as that of Gallus. + +E.S.T. + + +"_She ne'er with treacherous Kiss_" (Vol. ii., p. 136.).--C.A.H. will +find the lines,-- + + "She ne'er with trait'rous kiss," &c. + +in a poem named "Woman," 2nd ed. p. 34., by Eaton Stannard Barrett, +Esq., published in 1818, by Henry Colburn, Conduit street. + +E.D.B. + + +_California_ (Vol. ii, p. 132.).--Your correspondent E.N.W. will find +earlier anticipations of "the golden harvest now gathering in +California," in vol. iii. of _Hakluyt's Voyages_, p. 440-442, where an +account is given of Sir F. Drake's taking possession of Nova Albion. + + "There is no part of earth here to bee taken up, wherein there + is not speciall likelihood of gold or silver." + +In Callendar's _Voyages_, vol. i. p. 303., and other collections +containing Sir F. Drake's voyage to Magellanica, there is the same +notice. The earth of the country seemed to promise very rich veins of +gold and silver, there being hardly any digging without throwing up some +of the ores of them. + +T.J. + + +_Bishops and their Precedence_ (Vol. ii., pp. 9. 76.)--The precedence of +bishops is regulated by the act of 31 Hen. VIII. c. 10., "for placing of +the Lords." Bishops are, in fact, temporal barons, and, as stated in +Stephen's _Blackstone_, vol. iii. pp. 5, 6., sit in the House of Peers +in right of succession to certain ancient baronies annexed, or supposed +to be annexed, to their episcopal lands; and as they have in addition +high spiritual rank, it is but right they should have place before those +who, in temporal rank only, are equal to them. This is, in effect, the +meaning of the reason given by Coke in part iii. of the Institutes, p. +361. ed. 1670, where, after noticing the precedence amongst the bishops +themselves, namely, 1. The Bishop of London, 2. The Bishop of Durham, 3. +The Bishop of Winchester, he observes: + + "But the other bishops have place above all the barons of the + realm, because they hold their bishopricks of the king per + baroniam; but they give place to viscounts, earls, marquesses, + and dukes." + +ARUN. + + +_Elizabeth and Isabel_ (Vol. i., pp. 439. 488.).--The title of lius +Antonius Nebressengis's history is, _Rerum a Fernando et Elisabe +Hispaniaram flicissimis regibus gestarum Decades du_. + +J.B. + + +_Dr. Thomas Bever's Legal Polity of Great Britain_ (Vol. i., p. +483.).--Is J.R. aware that the principal part of the parish of Mortimer, +near Reading, as well as the manorial rights, belongs to a Richard +Benyon de Beauvoir, Esq., residing not very far from that spot, at +Englefield House, about five miles on the Newbury Road from Reading. +{255} This gentleman, whose original name was Powlett Wright, took the +name of De Beauvoir a few years back, as I understand, from succeeding +to the property of his relative, a Mr. Beevor or Bever. This gentleman +may, perhaps, be enabled to throw some light upon the family of Dr. +Bever. + +WP. + + +_Eikon Basilike_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--I would suggest to A.C. that the +circumstance of his copy of this work bearing on its cover "C.R.," +surmounted by a crown, may not be indicative of its having been in the +possession of royalty. It may have been, perhaps, not unusual to +occasionally so distinguish words of this description published in or +about that year (1660). I have a small volume entitled-- + + "The History of His Sacred Majesty Charles II. Begun from the + Murder of his royal father of Happy Memory, and continued to + this present year, 1660, by a person of quality. Printed for + _James Davies_, and are to be sold at the _Turk's Head in Ioy_ + Lane, and at the _Greyhound_ in _St. Paul's_ Church Yard, 1660." + +This volume is stamped in gold on both covers with C.R., surmounted by a +crown. + +E.B. PRICE. + + +_Earl of Oxford's Patent_ (Vol. ii., PP. 194. 235.).--LORD BRAYBROOKE no +doubt knows, that the preamble to the patent was written by Dean Swift. +(See _Journal to Stella_.) I would add, in reply to O.P.Q., that there +is no doubt that _assassin_ and _assassinate_ are properly used even +when death does not ensue. Not so _murder_ and _murderer_, which are +strict terms of _law_ to which _death_ is indispensable. + +C. + + +_Cave's Historia Litteraria_ (Vol. ii., p. 230.).--Part I. appeared at +London, 1688. An Appendix, by Wharton, followed, 1689. These were +reprinted, Geneva, 1693. Part II., Lond., 1698; repr. Genev., 1699. The +whole was reprinted, Genev., 1708 and 1720. After the author's death a +new and improved edition appeared, Oxon., 1740-43; rep. Basil, 1741-45. +I give the date 1708, not 1705, to the second Geneva impression, on the +authority of Walch. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Collections of Wills have always been regarded, and very justly so, as +among the most valuable materials which exist for illustrating the +social condition of the people at the period to which they belong. +Executed, as they must be, at moments the most solemn displaying, as we +cannot but believe they do, the real feelings which actuate the +testators; and having for their object the distribution of existing +property, and that of every possible variety of description, it is +obvious that they alike call for investigation, and are calculated to +repay any labour that may be bestowed upon them. It is therefore, +perhaps, somewhat matter of surprise that the Camden Society should not +hitherto have printed any of this interesting class of documents; and +that only in the twelfth year of its existence it should have given to +its members the very interesting volume of _Wills and Inventories from +the Registers of the Commissary of Bury St. Edmunds and the Archdeacon +of Sudbury_, which has been edited for the Society by Mr. Tymms, the +active and intelligent Treasurer and Secretary of the Bury and West +Suffolk Archological Institute. The selection contains upwards of fifty +Wills, dated between 1370 and 1649, and the documents are illustrated by +a number of brief but very instructive notes; and as the volume is +rendered more useful by a series of very complete indices, we have no +doubt it will be as satisfactory to the members as it is creditable to +its editor. Mr. Tymms acknowledges his obligations to Mr. Way and Mr. J. +Gough Nicols: we are sure the Camden Society would be under still +greater obligations to those gentlemen if they could be persuaded to +undertake the production of the series of Lambeth Wills which was to +have been edited by the late Mr. Stapleton, with Mr. Way's assistance. + +When the proprietors of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ at the commencement +of the present year announced their projected improvements in that +periodical, we expressed our confidence that they would really and +earnestly put forth fresh claims to the favour of the public. Our +anticipations have been fully realised. Each succeeding number has shown +increased energy and talent in the "discovery and establishment of +historical truth in all its branches," and that the conductors of this +valuable periodical, the only "Historical Review" in the country, +continue to pursue these great objects faithfully and honestly, as in +times past, but more diligently and more undividedly. No student of +English history can now dispense with, no library which places +historical works upon its shelves can now be complete without _The +Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review_. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--G. Willis's (Great Piazza, +Covent Garden) Catalogue No. 41. New Series of Second-hand Books, +Ancient and Modern; W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) +Sixtieth (catalogue of Cheap Second-hand English and Foreign Books); C. +Hamilton's (4. Budge Place, City Road) Catalogue No. 41. of an important +Collection of the Cheapest Tracts, Books, Autographs, Manuscripts, +Original Drawings, &c. ever offered for sale. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +MARTENS OR MERTENS THE PRINTER. _Will D.L. kindly furnish us with a copy +of the Note alluded to in his valuable communication in_ No. 42.? + +JUNIUS IDENTIFIED. MR. TAYLOR'S _Letter on his authorship of this volume +is unavoidably postponed until next week_. + +M., _who writes on the subject of_ Mr. Thomas's Account of the State +Paper Office, _will be glad to hear that a Calendar of the documents +contained in that department is in the press_. + + * * * * * {256} + +SECOND PART OF MR. ARNOLD'S GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. + +Now Ready, in 8vo., price 6s. 6d. + +A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. Part Second. (On +the PARTICLES.) In this Part the Passages for Translation are of +considerable length. + +By the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late +Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. + +RIVINGTON, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place. + + * * * * * + +Of whom may be had, by the same Author, + +1. The SEVENTH EDITION of the FIRST PART. In 8vo. 6s. 6d. + +2. A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION to GREEK ACCIDENCE. Fourth Edition. 8vo. 5s. +6d. + +3. A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION to GREEK CONSTRUING. 6s. 6d. + +4. The FIRST GREEK BOOK; upon the plan of HENRY'S FIRST LATIN BOOK. 5s. +(The SECOND GREEK BOOK is in the Press.) + + * * * * * + +ARCHOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. + +The Central Committee of the Institute have considered a Resolution, +passed at a recent meeting of the British Archological Association at +Manchester, August 24th, in reference to the expediency of promoting a +union between the Association and the Institute. The Committee desire to +give this public notice, that they are ready, as they have always been, +to admit members of the Association desirous of joining the Institute. +They have determined accordingly, that, in order to offer reasonable +encouragement to the members of the Association, they shall henceforth +be eligible without the payment of the customary entrance fee, on the +intimation of their wish to the Committee to be proposed for election. +Life-members of the Association shall be eligible as life-members on +payment of half the usual composition. All members of the Association +thus elected shall likewise have the privilege of acquiring the previous +publications of the Institute at the price to original subscribers. + +Apartments of the Institute, +26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, Sept. 9, 1850. + By order of the Central Committee, + H. BOWYER LANE, _Secretary._ + + * * * * * + +HANDBOOKS FOR THE CLASSICAL STUDENT (WITH QUESTIONS). under the General +Superintendence and Editorship of the Rev. T.K. ARNOLD. + +I. HANDBOOKS of HISTORY and GEOGRAPHY. From the German of PTZ. +Translated by the Rev. R.B. PAUL. + +1. Ancient History, 6s. 6d.: 2. Medival History, 4s. 6d.; 3. Modern +History, 5s., 6d. These works have been already translated into the +Swedish and Dutch languages. + +II. The ATHENIAN STAGE. From the German of WITZSCHEL. Translated by the +Rev. R.B. PAUL. 4s. + +III. HANDBOOK of GRECIAN ANTIQUITIES. 3s. 6d. HANDBOOK of ROMAN +ANTIQUITIES. 3s. 6d. From the Swedish of BOJESEN. Translated from Dr. +HOFFA'S German version by the Rev. R.B. PAUL. + +IV. HANDBOOKS of SYNONYMES: 1. Greek Synonymes. From the French of +PILLON. 6s. 6d. 2. Latin Synonymes. From the German of DDERLEIN 7s. 6d. +Translated by the Rev. H.H. ARNOLD. + +V. HANDBOOKS of VOCABULARY, 1. Green (in the press). 2. Latin. 3. French +(nearly ready). 4. German (nearly ready). + +RIVINGTON'S, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, price 1s. 6d. THE TIPPETS OF THE CANONS ECCLESIASTICAL. +With illustrative Woodcuts, by G.J. FRENCH. + +Also, by the same author, price 6d. HINTS ON THE ARRANGEMENTS OF COLOURS +IN ANCIENT DECORATIVE ART. With some observations on the Theory of +Complementary Colours. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Illustrated with numerous Woodcuts, 8vo, 10s. 6d. THE PRIMEVAL +ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J.J.A. WORSAAE, M.R.S.A., of Copenhagen. + +Translated and applied to the Illustration of similar Remains in +England; by WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden +Society. + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 337. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +In a few days, in 8vo., AN EXAMINATION OF THE CENTURY QUESTION: to which +is added, A Letter to the Author of "Outlines of Astronomy," respecting +a certain peculiarity of the Gregorian System of Bissextile +compensation. + + "Judicio perpende: et si tibi vera videntur, + DEDE MANUS." + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Second Edition, with Illustrations, 12mos., 3s. cloth. + +THE BELL: its Origin, History, and Uses. By the Rev. ALFRED GATTY, Vicar +of Ecclesfield. + +"A new and revised edition of a very varied, learned, and amusing essay +on the subject of bells."--_Spectator._ + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, Octavo Edition, plain, 15s.; Quarto Edition, having the +Plates of the Tesselated Pavements all coloured, 1l. 5s. + +REMAINS of ROMAN ART in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient Corinium: +containing Plates by De la Motte, of the magnificent Tesselated +Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with copies of the +grand Heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pomona; reduced by the Talbotype from +facsimile tracings of the original; together with various other plates +and numerous wood engravings. + +In the Quarto edition the folding of the plates necessary for the +smaller volume is avoided. + +"The recent discoveries made at Cirencester have been the means of +enlisting in the cause of archlogy two intelligent and energetic +associates, to whose exertions we are mainly indebted for the +preservation of the interesting remains brought to light, and our +obligations are increased by the able manner in which they have +described and illustrated them in the volume now under notice. + +"These heads" (Ceres, Flora, and Pomona) are of a high order of art, and +Mr. De la Motte, by means of the Talbotype, has so successfully reduced +them that the engravings are perfect facsimiles of the originals. They +are, perhaps, the best of the kind, every tessella apparently being +represented. + +"Our authors have very advantageously brought to their task a knowledge +of geology and chemistry, and the important aid which an application of +these sciences confers on archology is strikingly shown in the chapter +on the materials of the tesselle, which also includes a valuable report +by Dr. VOELCKER, on an analysis of ruby glass, which formed part of the +composition of one of the Cirencester pavements. This portion of the +volume is too elaborate and circumstantial for any justice to be done to +it in an extract."--_Gentleman's Mag., Sept._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, in the Parish +of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of +No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the +City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street +aforesaid.--Saturday, September 14. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 46, +Saturday, September 14, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 13462-8.txt or 13462-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.net/1/3/4/6/13462/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David +King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 46, Saturday, September 14, 1850 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: September 15, 2004 [EBook #13462] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David +King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 46.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1850 [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition +4d. + + * * * * * {241} + + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:--Page +The Meaning of "Risell" in Hamlet, by S.W. Singer. 241 +Authors of the Rolliad. 242 +Notes and Queries. 242 +The Body of James II., by Pitman Jones. 243 +Folk Lore:--Legend of Sir Richard Baker--Prophetic + Spring at Langley, Kent. 244 +Minor Notes:--Poem by Malherbe--Travels of Two + English Pilgrims. 245 + +QUERIES:-- +Quotations in Bishop Andrewes, by Rev. James Bliss. 245 +Minor Queries:--Spider and Fly--Lexicon of Types--Montaigue's + Select Essays--Custom of wearing the Breast uncovered--Milton's + Lycidas--Sitting during the Lessons--Blew-Beer--Carpatio--Value of + Money--Bishop Berkeley, and Adventures of Gaudeatio + di Lucca--Cupid and Psyche--Zund-nadel Guns--Bacon + Family--Armorials--Artephius--Sir Robert Howard--Crozier + and Pastoral Staff--Marks of Cadency--Miniature Gibbet. 245 + +REPLIES:-- +Collar of S.S. by Rev. H.T. Ellacombe and J. Gough + Nichols. 248 +Sir Gregory Norton. 250 +Shakspeare's Word "Delighted," by Rev. Dr. Kennedy. 250 +Aerostation, by Henry Wilkinson. 251 +Replies to Minor Queries:--Long Lonkin--Rowley + Powley--Guy's Armour--Alarm--Prelates of + France--Haberdasher--"Rapido contrarius orbi"--Robertson + of Muirtown--"Noli me tangere"--Clergy sold + for Slaves--North Side of Churchyards--Sir John + Perrot--Coins of Constantius II.--She ne'er with + treacherous Kiss--California--Bishops and their + Precedence--Elizabeth and Isabel--Bever's Legal + Polity--Rikon Basilike, &c. 251 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- +Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 255 +Notices to Correspondents. 255 +Advertisements. 256 + + * * * * * + + +NOTES. + +THE MEANING OF "DRINK UP EISELL" IN HAMLET. + +Few passages have been more discussed than this wild challenge of Hamlet +to Laertes at the grave of Ophelia: + + "Ham. I lov'd Ophelia! forty thousand brothers + Could not, with all their quantity of love, + Make up my sum. What wilt thou do for her? + + --Zounds! show me what thou'lt do? + Woo't weep? Woo't fight? Woo't fast? Woo't tear + thyself? + + _Woo't drink up Eisell?_ eat a crocodile? + + I'll do't". + +The sum of what has been said may be given in the words of Archdeacon +Nares: + + "There is no doubt that eisell meant vinegar, nor even that + Shakspeare has used it in that sense; but in this passage it + seems that it must be put for the name of a Danish river.... The + question was much disputed between Messrs. Steevens and Malone: + the former being for the river, the latter for the vinegar; and + he endeavored even to get over the drink up, which stood much in + his way. But after all, the challenge to drink vinegar, in such + a rant, is so inconsistent, and even ridiculous, that we must + decide for the river, whether its name be exactly found or not. + To drink up a river, and eat a crocodile with his impenetrable + scales, are two things equally impossible. There is no kind of + comparison between the others." + +I must confess that I was formerly led to adopt this view of the +passage, but on more mature investigation I find that it is wrong. I see +no necessary connection between eating a crocodile and drinking up +eysell; and to drink up was commonly used for simply to drink. Eisell or +Eysell certainly signified vinegar, but it was certainly not used in +that sense by Shakspeare, who may in this instance be his own expositor; +the word occurring again in his CXIth sonnet. + + "Whilst, like a willing patient, I will drink + Potions of eysell, 'gainst my strong infection; + No bitterness that I will bitter think, + Nor double penance, to correct correction." + +Here we see that it was a bitter potion which it was a penance to drink. +Thus also in the Troy Book of Lydgate: + + "Of bitter eysell, and of eager wine." + +Now numerous passages in our old dramatic writers show that it was a +fashion with the gallants of the time to do some extravagant feat, as a +proof of their love, in honour of their mistresses; and among others the +swallowing some nauseous potion was one of the most frequent; but +vinegar would hardly have been considered in this light; wormwood might. + +In Thomas's Italian Dictionary, 1562, we have "Assentio, Eysell" and +Florio renders that word by vinegar. What is meant, however, is +Absinthites or Wormwood wine, a nauseously bitter medicament then much +in use; and this being evidently {242} the _bitter potion of Eysell_ in +the poet's sonnet, was certainly the nauseous draught proposed to be +taken by Hamlet among the other extravagant feats as tokens of love. The +following extracts will show that in the poet's age this nauseous bitter +potion was in frequent use medicinally. + + "ABSINTHIUM, [Greek: apsinthion, aspinthion], Comicis, ab + insigni amarore quo bibeates illud aversantur."-_Junius, + Nomenclator ap. Nicot_. + + "ABSINTHITES, _wormwood wine_.--_Hutton's Dict_. + + "Hujus modi autem propomatum _hodie_ apud Christianos quoque + _maximus est et frequentissimus usus_, quibus potatores maximi + ceu proemiis quibusdam atque praeludiis utuntur, ad dirum illud + suum propinandi certamen. _Ae maxime quidem commune est proponia + absynthites_, quod vim habet stomachum corroborandi et + extenuandi, expellendique excrementa quae in eo continentur. Hoc + fere propomate potatores hodie maxime ab initio coenae utuntur + ceu pharmaco cum hesternae, atque praeteritae, tum futurae + ebrietatis, atque crapulae.... _amarissimae sunt potiones + medicatae_, quibus tandem stomachi cruditates immoderato cibo + potuque collectas expurgundi cause uti coguntur."--Stuckius, + _Antiquitatae Corviralium. Tiguri_, 1582, fol. 327. + +Of the two latest editors, Mr. Knight decides for the _river_, and Mr. +Collier does not decide at all. Our northern neighbours think us almost +as much deficient in philological illustration as in enlarged +philosophical criticism on the poet, in which they claim to have shown +us the way. + +S.W. SINGER. + +Mickleham, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +AUTHORS OF THE ROLLIAD. + +To the list of subjects and authors in this unrivalled volume, +communicated by LORD BRAYBROOKE (Vol. ii., p. 194.), I would add that +No. XXI. _Probationary Odes_ (which is unmarked in the Sunning-hill Park +copy) was written by Dr. Laurence: so also were Nos. XIII. and XIV., of +which LORD BRAYBROOKE speaks doubtfully. My authority is the note in the +correspondence of Burke and Laurence published in 1827, page 21. The +other names all agree with my own copy, marked by the late Mr. A. +Chalmers. + +In order to render the account of the work complete, I would add the +following list of writers of the _Political Miscellanies_. Those marked +with an asterisk are said "not to be from the club:"-- + + "* Probationary Ode Extraordinary, by Mason. + + The Statesmen, an Eclogue. Read. + + Rondeau to the Right Honourable W. Eden. Dr. Laurence. + + Epigrams from the Club. Miscellaneous. + + The Delavaliad. Dr. Laurence. + + This is the House that George built. Richardson. + + Epigrams by Sir Cecil Wray. Tickell and Richardson. + + Lord Graham's Diary, not marked. + + * Extracts from 2nd Vol. of Lord Mulgrave's Essays. + + * Anecdotes of Mr. Pitt. + + Letter from a New Member. + + * Political Receipt Book, &c. + + * Hints from Dr. Pretyman. + + A tale 'at Brookes's once,' &c. Richardson. + + Dialogue 'Donec Gratus eram Tibi.' Lord J. Townshend. + + Pretymaniana, principally by Tickell and Richardson. + + Foreign Epigrams, the same and Dr. Laurence. + + * Advertisement Extraordinary. + + Vive le Scrutiny. Bate Dudley. + + * Paragraph Office, Ivy Lane. + + * Pitt and Pinetti. + + * New Abstract of the Budget for 1784. + + Theatrical Intelligence Extraordinary. Richardson. + + The Westminster Guide (unknown). Part II. (unknown). + + Inscription for the Duke of Richmond's Bust (unknown). + + Epigram, 'Who shall expect,' &c. Richardson. + + A New Ballad, 'Billy Eden.' Tickell and Richardson. + + Epigrams on Sir Elijah Impey, and by Mr. Wilberforce (unknown). + + A Proclamation, by Richardson. + + * Original Letter to Corbett. + + * Congratulatory Ode to Right Hon. C. Jenkinson. + + * Ode to Sir Elijah Impey. + + * Song. + + * A New Song, 'Billy's Budget.' + + * Epigrams. + + * Ministerial Undoubted Facts (unknown). + + Journal of the Right Hon. Hen. Dundas. From the Club. + Miscellaneous. + + Incantation. Fitzpatrick. + + Translations of Lord Belgrave's Quotations. From the Club. + Miscellaneous." + +Some of these minor contributions were from the pen of O'Beirne, +afterwards Bishop of Meath. + +Tickell should be joined with Lord John Townshend in "Jekyll." The +former contributed the lines parodied from Pope. + +In reply to LORD BRAYBROOKE'S Query, Moore, in his _Life of Sheridan_, +speaks of Lord John Townshend as the only survivor of "this confederacy +of wits:" so that, if he is correct, the author of "Margaret Nicholson" +(Adair) cannot be now living. + +J.H.M. + +Bath. + + * * * * * + +NOTES AND QUERIES. + +"There is nothing new under the sun," quoth the Preacher; and such must +be said of "NOTES AND QUERIES." Your contributor M. (Vol. ii, p. 194.) +has drawn attention to the _Weekly Oracle_, which in 1736 gave forth its +responses to the inquiring public; but, as he intimates, many similar +periodicals might be instanced. Thus, we have _Memoirs for the +Ingenious_, 1693, 4to., edited by I. de la Crose; _Memoirs for the +Curious_, 1701, 4to.; _The Athenian Oracle_, 1704, 8vo.; _The Delphick +Oracle_, {243} 1720, 8vo.; _The British Apollo_, 1740, 12mo.; with +several others of less note. The three last quoted answer many singular +questions in theology, law, medicine, physics, natural history, popular +superstitions, &c., not always very satisfactorily or very +intelligently, but still, often amusingly and ingeniously. _The British +Apollo: containing two thousand Answers to curious Questions in most +Arts and Sciences, serious, comical, and humourous_, the fourth edition +of which I have now before me, indulges in answering such questions as +these: "How old was Adam when Eve was created?--Is it lawful to eat +black pudding?--Whether the moon in Ireland is like the moon in England? +Where is hell situated? Do cocks lay eggs?" &c. In answer to the +question, "Why is gaping catching?" the Querists of 1740 are gravely +told,-- + + "Gaping or yawning is infectious, because the steams of the + blood being ejected out of the mouth, doth infect the ambient + air, which being received by the nostrils into another man's + mouth, doth irritate the fibres of the hypogastric muscle to + open the mouth to discharge by expiration the unfortunate gust + of air infected with the steams of blood, as aforesaid." + +The feminine gender, we are further told, is attributed to a ship, +"because a ship carries burdens, and therefore resembles a pregnant +woman." + +But as the faith of 1850 in _The British Apollo_, with its two thousand +answers, may not be equal to the faith of 1740, what dependence are we +to place in the origin it attributes to two very common words, a _bull_, +and a _dun_?-- + + "Why, when people speak improperly, is it termed a bull?--It + became a proverb from the repeated blunders of one _Obadiah + Bull_, a lawyer of London, who lived in the reign of King Henry + VII." + +Now for the second,-- + + "Pray tell me whence you can derive the original of the word + _dun_? Some falsely think it comes from the French, where + _donnez_ signifies _give me_, implying a demand of something + due; but the true original of this expression owes its birth to + one _Joe Dun_, a famous bailiff of the town of Lincoln, so + extremely active, and so dexterous at the management of his + rough business, that it became a proverb, when a man refused to + pay his debts, 'Why don't you _Dun_ him?' that is, why don't you + send Dun to arrest him? Hence it grew a custom, and is now as + old as since the days of Henry VII." + +Were these twin worthies, Obadiah Bull the lawyer, and Joe Dun the +bailiff, men of straw for the nonce, or veritable flesh and blood? They +both flourished, it appears, in the reign of Henry VII.; and to me it is +doubtful whether one reign could have produced two worthies capable of +cutting so deep a notch in the English tongue. + +"To dine with Duke Humphrey," we are told, arose from the practice of +those who had shared his dainties when alive being in the habit of +perambulating St. Paul's, where he was buried, at the dining time of +day; what dinner they then had, they had with Duke Humphrey the defunct. + +Your contributor MR. CUNNINGHAM will be able to decide as to the value +of the origin of Tyburn here given to us: + + "As to the antiquity of Tyburn, it is no older than the year + 1529; before that time, the place of execution was in _Rotten + Row_ in _Old Street_. As for the etymology of the word _Tyburn_, + some will have it proceed from the words _tye_ and _burn_, + alluding to the manner of executing traitors at that place; + others believe it took its name from a small river or brook once + running near it, and called by the Romans Tyburnia. Whether the + first or second is the truest, the querist may judge as he + thinks fit." + +And so say I. + +A readable volume might be compiled from these "NOTES AND QUERIES," +which amused our grandfathers; and the works I have indicated will +afford much curious matter in etymology, folk-lore, topography, &c., to +the modern antiquary. + +CORKSCREW. + + * * * * * + +JAMES THE SECOND, HIS REMAINS. + +The following curious account was given to me by Mr. Fitz-Simons, an +Irish gentleman, upwards of eighty years of age, with whom I became +acquainted when resident with my family at Toulouse, in September, 1840; +he having resided in that city for many years as a teacher of the French +and English languages, and had attended the late Sir William Follett in +the former capacity there in 1817. He said,-- + + "I was a prisoner in Paris, in the convent of the English + Benedictines in the Rue St. Jaques, during part of the + revolution. In the year 1793 or 1794, the body of King James II. + of England was in one of the chapels there, where it had been + deposited some time, under the expectation that it would one day + be sent to England for interment in Westminster Abbey. It had + never been buried. The body was in a wooden coffin, inclosed in + a leaden one; and that again inclosed in a second wooden one, + covered with black velvet. That while I was so a prisoner, the + sans-culottes broke open the coffins to get at the lead to cast + into bullets. The body lay exposed nearly a whole day. It was + swaddled like a mummy, bound tight with garters. The + sans-culottes took out the body, which had been embalmed. There + was a strong smell of vinegar and camphor. The corpse was + beautiful and perfect. The hands and nails were very fine, I + moved and bent every finger. I never saw so fine a set of teeth + in my life. A young lady, a fellow prisoner, wished much to have + a tooth; I tried to get one out for her, but could not, they + were so firmly fixed. The feet also were very beautiful. The + face and cheeks were just as if he were alive. I rolled his + eyes: the eye-balls were perfectly firm under my finger. The + French and English prisoners {244} gave money to the + sans-culottes for showing the body. They said he was a good + sans-culotte, and they were going to put him into a hole in the + public churchyard like other sand-culottes; and he was carried + away, but where the body was thrown I never heard. King George + IV. tried all in his power to get tidings of the body, but could + not. Around the chapel were several wax moulds of the face hung + up, made probably at the time of the king's death, and the + corpse was very like them. The body had been originally kept at + the palace of St. Germain, from whence it was brought to the + convent of the Benedictines. Mr. Porter, the prior, was a + prisoner at the time in his own convent." + +The above I took down from Mr. Fitz-Simons' own mouth, and read it to +him, and he said it was perfectly correct. Sir W. Follett told me he +thought Mr. Fitz-Simons was a runaway Vinegar Hill boy. He told me that +he was a monk. + +PITMAN JONES. + +Exeter, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_The Legend of Sir Richard Baker_ (vol. ii., p. 67.).--Will F.L. copy +the inscription on the monument in Cranbrook Church? The dates on it +will test the veracity of the legend. In the reign of Queen Mary, the +representative of the family was Sir John Baker, who in that, and the +previous reigns of Edward VI. and Henry VIII., had held some of the +highest offices in the kingdom. He had been Recorder of London, Speaker +of the House of Commons, Attorney-General and Chancellor of the +Exchequer, and died in the first year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. +His son, Sir Richard Baker, was twice high-sheriff of the county of +Kent, and had the honour of entertaining Queen Elizabeth in her progress +through the county. This was, most likely, the person whose monument +F.L. saw in Cranbrook Church. The family had been settled there from the +time of Edward III., and seem to have been adding continually to their +possessions; and at the time mentioned by F.L. as that of their decline, +namely, in the reign of Edward VI., they were in reality increasing in +wealth and dignities. If the Sir Richard Baker whose monument is +referred to by F.L. was the son of the Sir John above mentioned, the +circumstances of his life disprove the legend. He was not the sole +representative of the family remaining at the accession of Queen Mary. +His father was then living, and at the death of his father his brother +John divided with him the representation of the family, and had many +descendants. The family estates were not dissipated; on the contrary, +they were handed down through successive generations, to one of whom, a +grandson of Sir Richard, the dignity of a baronet was given; and +Sivinghurst, which was the family seat, was in the possession of the +third and last baronet's grandson, E.S. Beagham, in the year 1730. Add +to this that the Sir Richard Baker in question was twice married, and +that a monumental erection of the costly and honourable description +mentioned by F.L. was allowed to be placed to his memory in the chancel +of the church of the parish in which such Bluebeard atrocities are said +to have been committed, and abundant grounds will thence appear for +rejecting the truth of the legend in the absence of all evidence. The +unfortunately red colour of the gloves most likely gave rise to the +story. Nor is this a solitary instance of such a legend having such an +origin. In the beautiful parish church of Aston, in Warwickshire, are +many memorials of the Baronet family of Holt, who owned the adjoining +domain and hall, the latter of which still remains, a magnificent +specimen of Elizabethan architecture. Either in one of the compartments +of a painted window of the church, or upon a monumental marble to one of +the Holts, is the Ulster badge, as showing the rank of the deceased, and +painted red. From the colour of the badge, a legend of the bloody hand +has been created as marvellous as that of the Bloody Baker, so fully +detailed by F.L. + +ST. JOHNS. + + +[Will our correspondent favour us by communicating the Aston Legend of +the Holt Family to which he refers?] + +_Langley, Kent, Prophetic Spring at._--The following "note" upon a +passage in _Warkworth's Chronicle_ (pp. 23, 24.) may perhaps possess +sufficient interest to warrant its insertion in your valuable little +publication. The passage is curious, not only as showing the +superstitious dread with which a simple natural phenomenon was regarded +by educated and intelligent men four centuries ago, but also as +affording evidence of the accurate observation of a writer, whose +labours have shed considerable light upon "one of the darkest periods in +our annals." The chronicler is recording the occurrence, in the +thirteenth year of Edward the Fourth, of a "gret hote somere," which +caused much mortality, and "unyversalle fevers, axes, and the blody flyx +in dyverse places of Englonde," and also occasioned great dearth and +famine "in the southe partyes of the worlde." + +He then remarks that "dyverse tokenes have be schewede in Englonde this +year for amendynge of mannys lyvynge," and proceeds to enumerate several +springs or waters in various places, which only ran at intervals, and by +their running always portended "derthe, pestylence, or grete batayle." +After mentioning several of these, he adds-- + + "Also ther is a pytte in Kent in Langley Parke: ayens any + batayle he wille be drye, and it rayne neveyre so myche; and if + ther be no batayle toward, he wille be fulle of watere, be it + neveyre so drye a wethyre; and this yere he is drye." + +Langley Park, situated in a parish of the same {245} name, about four +miles to the south-east of Maidstone, and once the residence of the +Leybournes and other families, well-known in Kentish history, has long +existed only in name, having been disparked prior to 1570; but the +"pytte," or stream, whose wondrous qualities are so quaintly described +by Warkworth, still flows at intervals. It is scarcely necessary to add, +that it belongs to the class known as _intermitting springs_, the +phenomena displayed by which are easily explained by the syphon-like +construction of the natural reservoirs whence they are supplied. + +I have never heard that any remnant of this curious superstition can now +be traced in the neighbourhood, but persons long acquainted with the +spot have told me that the state of the stream was formerly looked upon +as a good index of the probable future price of corn. The same causes, +which regulated the supply or deficiency of water, would doubtless also +affect the fertility of the soil. + +EDWARD R.J. HOWE. + +Chancery Lane, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +MINOR NOTES. + +_Poem by Malherbe_ (Vol. ii., p. 104.).--Possibly your correspondent MR. +SINGER may not be aware of the fact that the beauty of the fourth stanza +of Malherbe's Ode on the Death of Rosette Duperrier is owing to a +typographical error. The poet had written in his MS.-- + + "Et Rosette a vecu ce que vivent les roses," &c., + +omitting to cross his _t_'s, which the compositor took for _l_'s, and +set up _Roselle_. On receiving the proof-sheet, at the passage in +question a sudden light burst upon Malherbe; of _Roselle_ he made two +words, and put in two beautiful lines-- + + "Et Rose, elle a vecu ce que vivent les roses, + L'espace d'un matin." + +(See _Francais peints par eux-memes_, vol. ii. p. 270.) + +P.S. KING. + +Kennington. + + +_Travels of Two English Pilgrims._-- + + "A True and Strange Discourse of the Travailes of Two English + Pilgrimes: what admirable Accidents befell them in their Journey + to Jerusalem, Gaza, Grand Cayro, Alexandria, and other places. + Also, what rare Antiquities, Monuments, and notable Memories + (concording with the Ancient Remembrances in the Holy + Scriptures), they sawe in the Terra Sancta; with a perfect + Description of the Old and New Jerusalem, and Situation of the + Countries about them. A Discourse of no lesse Admiration, then + well worth the regarding: written by one of them on the behalfe + of himselfe and his fellowe Pilgrime. Imprinted at London for + Thomas Archer, and are to be solde at his Shoppe, by the Royall + Exchange. 1603." + +A copy of this 4to. tract, formerly in the hands of Francis Meres, the +author of _Wit's Commonwealth_, has the following MS. note:-- + + "Timberley, dwellinge on Tower Hill, a maister of a ship, made + this booke, as Mr. Anthony Mundye tould me. Thomas, at Mrs. + Gosson's, sent my wyfe this booke for a token, February 15. A.D. + 1602." + +P.B. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES. + +QUOTATIONS IN BISHOP ANDREWES' TORTURA TORTI. + +Can any of your contributors help me to ascertain the following +quotations which occur in Bishop Andrewes' _Tortura Torti_? + +P. 49.: + + "Si clavem potestatis non praecedat clavis discretionis." + +P. 58.: + + "Dispensationes nihil aliud esse quam legum vulnera." + +P. 58.: + + "Non dispensatio est, sed dissipatio." + +This, though not marked as a quotation, is, I believe, +in _S. Bernard_. + +P. 183.: + + "Et quae de septem totum circumspicit orbem Montibus, imperii + Roma Deumque locus." + +P. 225.: + + "Nemo pius, qui pietatem cavet." + +P. 185.: + + "Minutuli et patellares Dei." + +I should also be glad to ascertain whence the following passages are +derived, which he quotes in his _Responsio ad Apologiam_? + +P. 48.: + + "[Greek: to gar trephon me tout ego kalo theon.]" + +P. 145.: + + "Vanae sine viribus irae." + +P. 119. occurs the "versiculus," + + "Perdere quos vult hos dementat;" + +the source of which some of your contributors have endeavoured to +ascertain. + +JAMES BLISS. + +Ogbourne St. Andrew. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_The Spider and the Fly._--Can any of your readers, gentle or simple, +senile or juvenile, inform me, through the medium of your useful and +agreeable periodical, in what collection of nursery rhymes a poem +called, I think, "The Spider and Fly," occurs, and if procurable, where? +The lines I allude to consisted, to the best of my recollection, of a +dialogue between a fly and a spider, and began thus:-- {246} + + _Fly_. Spider, spider, what do you spin? + _Spider_. Mainsails for a man-of war. + _Fly_. Spider, spider, 'tis too thin. + Tell me truly, what 'tis for. + _Spider_. 'Tis for curtains for the king, + When he lies in his state bed. + _Fly_. Spider, 'tis too mean a thing, + Tell me why your toils you spread. + &c. &c. &c. + +There were other stanzas, I believe, but these are all I can remember. +My notion is, that the verses in question form part of a collection of +nursery songs and rhymes by Charles Lamb, published many years ago, but +now quite out of print. This, however, is a mere surmise on my part, and +has no better foundation than the vein of humour, sprightliness, and +originality, obvious enough in the above extract, which we find running +through and adorning all he wrote. "Nihil quod tetigit non ornavit." + +S.J. + + +_A Lexicon of Types._--Can any of your readers inform me of the +existence of a collection of emblems or types? I do not mean allegorical +pictures, but isolated symbols, alphabetically arranged or otherwise. + +Types are constantly to be met with upon monuments, coins, and ancient +title-pages, but so mixed with other matters as to render the finding a +desired symbol, unless very familiar, a work of great difficulty. Could +there be a systematic arrangement of all those known, with their +definitions, it would be a very valuable work of reference,--a work in +which one might pounce upon all the sacred symbols, classic types, +signs, heraldic zoology, conventional botany, monograms, and the like +abstract art. + +LUKE LIMNER. + + +_Montaigne, Select Essays of._-- + + "Essays selected from Montaigne, with a Sketch of the Life of + the Author. London. For P. Cadell, &c. 1800." + +This volume is dedicated to the Rev. William Coxe, rector of Bemerton. + +The life of Montaigne is dated the 28th of March, 1800, and signed +_Honoria_. At the end of the book is this advertisement:-- + + "Lately published by the same Author 'The Female Mentor.' 2d + edit., in 2 vols. 12mo." + +Who was _Honoria_? and are these _essays_ a scarce book in England? In +France it is entirely unknown to the numerous commentators on +Montaigne's works. + +O.D. + +_Custom of wearing the Breast uncovered in Elizabeth's Reign._--Fynes +Moryson, in a well-known passage of his _Itinerary_, (which I suppose I +need not transcribe), tells us that unmarried females and young married +women wore the breasts uncovered in Queen Elizabeth's reign. This is the +custom in many parts of the East. Lamartine mentions it in his pretty +description of Mademoiselle Malagambe: he adds, "it is the custom of the +Arab females." When did this curious custom commence in England, and +when did it go out of fashion? + +JARLTZBERG. + +_Milton's Lycidas._--In a Dublin edition of Milton's _Paradise Lost_ +(1765), in a memoir prefixed I find the following explanation of than +rather obscure passage in _Lycidas_:-- + + "Besides what the grim wolf, with privy paw, + Daily devours apace, and nothing said; + But that two-handed engine at the door + Stands ready to smite once, and smite no more." + + "This poem is not all made up of sorrow and tenderness, there is + a mixture of satire and indignation: for in part of it, the poet + taketh occasion to inveigh against the corruptions of the + clergy, and seemeth to have first discovered his acrimony + against Arb. Laud, and to have threatened him with the loss of + his head, which afterwards happened to him thorough the fury of + his enemies. At least I can think of no sense so proper to be + given to these verses in Lycidas." (p. vii.) + +Perhaps some of your numerous correspondents will kindly inform me of +the meaning or meanings usually assigned to this passage. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Sitting during the Lessons._--What is the origin of the congregation +remaining seated, while the first and second lessons are read, in the +church service? The rubric is silent on the subject; it merely directs +that the person who reads them shall stand:-- + + "He that readeth so standing and turning himself, as he may best + be heard of all such as are present." + +With respect to the practice of sitting while the epistle is read, and +of standing while the gospel is read, in the communion service; there is +in the rubric a distinct direction that "all the people are to stand up" +during the latter, while it is silent as to the former. From the silence +of the rubric as to standing during the two lessons of the morning +service, and the epistle in the communion service, it seems to have been +inferred that the people were to sit. But why are they directed to stand +during the gospel in the communion service, while they sit during the +second lesson in the morning service? + +L. + + +_Blew-Beer._--Sir, having taken a Note according to your very sound +advice, I addressed a letter to the _John Bull_ newspaper, which was +published on Saturday, Feb. 16. It contained an extract from a political +tract, entitled,-- + + "The true History of Betty Ireland, with some Account of her + Sister Blanche of Brittain. Printed for J. Robinson, at the + Golden Lion in Ludgate Street, MDCCLIII. (1753)." {247} + +In allusion to the English the following passage occurs,-- + + "But they forget, they are all so idle and debauched, such + gobbling and drinking rascals, and expensive in _blew-beer_," + &c. + +Query the unde derivatur of _blew-beer_, and if it is to be taken in the +same sense as the modern phrase of "blue ruin," and if so, the cause of +the change or history of both expressions? + +H. + + +_Carpatio._--I have lately met with a large aquatinted engraving, +bearing the following descriptive title: "Angliae Regis Legati +inspiciuntur Sponsam petentes Filiam Dionati Cornubiae Regis pro Anglo +Principe." The costume of the figures is of the latter half of the +fifteenth century. The painter's name appears on a scroll, OP. VICTOR +CARPATIO VENETI. The copy of the picture for engraving was drawn by +Giovanni de Pian, and engraved by the same person and Francesco +Gallimberti, at Venice. I do not find the name of Carpatio in the +ordinary dictionaries of painters, and shall be glad to learn whether he +has here represented an historical event, or an incident of some +mediaeval romance. I suspect the latter must be the case, as _Cornubia_ +is the Latin word used for Cornwall, and I am not aware of its having +any other application. Is this print the only one of the kind, or is it +one of a set? + +J.G.N. + + +_Value of Money in Reign of Charles II._--Will any of your +correspondents inform me of the value of 1000l. circa Charles II. in +present money, and the mode in which the difference is estimated? + +DION X. + + +_Bishop Berkeley--Adventures of Gaudentio di Lucca._--I have a volume +containing the adventures of Signor Gaudentio di Lucca, with his +examination before the Inquisition of Bologna. In a bookseller's +catalogue I have seen it ascribed to Bishop Berkeley. Can any of your +readers inform me who was the author, or give me any particulars as to +the book? + +IOTA. + + +_Cupid and Psyche._--Can any of your learned correspondents inform me +whether the fable of Cupid and Psyche was invented by Apuleius; or +whether he made use of a superstition then current, turning it, as it +suited his purpose, into the beautiful fable which has been handed down +to us as his composition? + +W.M. + + +_Zuend-nadel Guns._--In paper of September or October last, I saw a +letter dated Berlin, Sept. 11, which commenced-- + + "We have had this morning a splendid military spectacle, and + being the first of the kind since the revolution, attracted + immense crowds to the scene of action." + + "The Fusileer battalions (light infantry) were all armed with + the new zuend-nadel guns, the advantages and superiority of which + over the common percussion musket now admits of no + contradiction, with the sole exception of the facility of + loading being an inducement to fire somewhat too quick, when + firing independently, as in battle, or when acting en + tirailleur. The invincible pedantry and amour-propre of our + armourers and inspectors of arms in England, their + disinclination to adopt inventions not of English growth, and + their slowness to avail themselves of new models until they are + no longer new, will, undoubtedly, exercise the usual influence + over giving this powerful weapon even a chance in England. It is + scarcely necessary to point out the great advantages that these + weapons, carrying, let us say, 800 yards with perfect accuracy, + have over our muskets, of which the range does not exceed 150, + and that very uncertain. Another great advantage of the + zuend-nadel is, that rifles or light infantry can load with ease + without effort when lying flat on the ground. The opponents of + the zuend-nadel talk of over-rapid firing and the impossibility + of carrying sufficient ammunition to supply the demands. This is + certainly a drawback, but it is compensated by the immense + advantage of being able to pour in a deadly fire when you + yourself are out of range, or of continuing this fire so + speedily as to destroy half your opponents before they can + return a shot with a chance of taking effect." + +This was the first intimation I ever had of the zuend-nadel guns. I +should like to know when and by whom they were invented, and their +mechanism. + +JARLTZBERG. + + +_Bacon Family, Origin of the Name._--Among the able notes, or the +_not_-able Queries of a recent Number, (I regret that I have it not at +hand, for an exact quotation), a learned correspondent mentioned, _en +passant_, that the word _bacon_ had the obsolete signification of +"_dried wood_." As a patronymic, BACON has been not a little +illustrious, in literature, science, and art; and it would be +interesting to know whether the name has its origin in the crackling +fagot or in the cured flitch. Can any of your genealogical +correspondents help me to authority on the subject? + +A modern motto of the Somersetshire Bacons has an ingenious rebus: + + ProBa-conSCIENTIA; + +the capitals, thus placed, giving it the double reading, Proba +coniscientia, and Pro Bacon Scientia. + +NOCAB. + + +_Armorials._--Sable, a fesse or, in chief two fleurs de lis or, in base +a hind courant argent. E.D.B. will feel grateful to any gentlemen who +will kindly inform him of the name of the family to which the above coat +belonged. They were quartered by Richard or Roger Barow, of Wynthorpe, +in Lincolnshire (_Harl. MS._ 1552. 42 _b_), who died in 1505. + +E.D.B. + + +_Artephius, the Chemical Philosopher._--What is known of the chemical +philosopher Artephius? He is mentioned in Jocker's _Dictionary_, and by +Roger Bacon (in the _Opus Majus_ and elsewhere), {248} and a tract +ascribed to him is printed in the _Theatrum Chemicum_. + +E. + + +_Sir Robert Howard._--Can any reader assist me in finding out the author +of + + "A Discourse of the Nationall Excellencies of England. By R.H., + London. Printed by Thomas Newcomb for Henry Fletcher, at the + Three Gilt Cups in the New Buildings, near the west end of St. + Paul's, 1658. 12 mo., pp. 248." + +This is a very remarkable work, written in an admirable style, and +wholly free from the coarse party spirit which then generally prevailed. +The writer declares, p. 235., he had not subscribed the engagement, and +there are internal evidences of his being a churchman and a monarchist. +Is there any proof of its having been written by Sir Robert Howard? A +former possessor of the copy now before me, has written his name on the +title-page as its conjectured author. My copy of Sir Robert's _Poems_, +published two years after, was published not by _Fletcher_, but by +"Henry Herringman, at the sign of the Anchor, in the lower walk of the +New Exchange." John Dryden, Sir Robert's brother-in-law, in the +complimentary stanzas on Howard's poems, says, + + "To write worthy things of worthy men, + Is the peculiar talent of your pen." + +I would further inquire if a reason can be assigned for the omission +from Sir Robert Howard's collected plays of _The Blind Lady_, the only +dramatic piece given in the volume of poems of 1660. My copy is the +third edition, published by Tonson, 1722. + +A.B.R. + + +_Crozier and Pastoral Staff._--What is the real difference between a +crozier and a pastoral staff? + +I.Z.P. + + +_Marks of Cadency._--The copious manner in which your correspondent E.K. +(Vol. ii., p. 221.) has answered the question as to the "when and why" +of the unicorn being introduced as one of the supporters of the royal +arms, induces me to think that he will readily and satisfactorily +respond to an heraldic inquiry of a somewhat more intricate nature. + +What were the peculiar marks of cadency used by the heirs to the crown, +apparent and presumptive, after the accession of the Stuarts? For +example, what were the changes, if any, upon the label or file of +difference used in the coat-armour of Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest son +of James I., and of his brother Charles, when Prince of Wales, and so +on, to the present time? + + +_Miniature Gibbet, &c._--A correspondent of the _Times_ newspaper has +recently given the following account of an occurrence which took place +about twenty-five years ago, and the concluding ceremony of which he +personally witnessed:-- + + "A man had been condemned to be hung for murder. On the Sunday + morning previous to the sentence being carried into execution, + he contrived to commit suicide in the prison by cutting his + throat with a razor. On Monday morning, according to the then + custom, his body was brought out from Newgate in a cart; and + after Jack Ketch had exhibited to the people a small model + gallows, with a razor hanging therefrom, in the presence of the + sheriffs and city authorities, he was thrown into a hole dug for + that purpose. A stake was driven through his body, and a + quantity of lime thrown in over it." + +Will any correspondent of "NOTES AND QUERIES" give a solution of this +extraordinary exhibition? Had the sheriffs and city authorities any +legal sanction for Jack Ketch's disgusting part in the performances? +What are the meaning and origin of driving a stake through the body of a +suicide? + +A.G. + +Ecclesfield + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES + +COLLAR OF SS. + +If you desire proof of the great utility of your publication, methinks +there is a goodly quantum of it in the very interesting and valuable +information on the Collar of SS., which the short simple question of B. +(Vol. ii., p. 89.) has drawn forth; all tending to illustrate a mooted +historical question:--first, in the reply of [Greek: Phi.] (Vol. ii., p. +110.), giving reference to the _Gentleman's Magazine_, with two +_rider_-Queries; then MR. NICHOLS'S announcement (Vol. ii., p. 140.) of +a forthcoming volume on the subject, and a reply in part to the Query of +[Greek: Phi.]; then (Vol. ii, p. 171.) MR. E. FOSS, as to the _rank_ of +the legal worthies allowed to wear this badge of honour; and next (Vol. +ii., p. 194.) an ARMIGER, who, though he rides rather high on the +subject, over all the Querists and Replyists, deserves many thanks for +his very instructive and scholarlike dissertation. + +What the S. signifies has evidently been a puzzle. That a chain is a +badge of honour, there can be no doubt; but may not the _Esses_, after +all, mean nothing at all? originating in the simple S. link, a form +often used in chain-work, and under the name of S. A series of such, +linked together, would produce an elegant design, which in the course of +years would be wrought more like the letter, and be embellished and +varied according to the skill and taste of the workman, and so, that +which at first had no particular meaning, and was merely accidental, +would, after a time, be _supposed_ to be the _initial letters_ of what +is now only guessed at, or be involved in heraldic mystery. As for +[Greek: Phi.]'s rider-Query (Vol ii., p. 110.), repeated by MR. FOSS +(Vol. ii., p. 171.), as to dates,--it may be one step towards a reply if +I here mention, that in Yatton Church, Somerset, there {249} is a +beautifully wrought alabaster monument, without inscription, but +traditionally ascribed to judge Newton, alias Cradock, and his wife Emma +de Wyke. There can be no doubt, from the costume, that the effigy is +that of a judge, and under his robes is visible the Collar of Esses. The +monument is in what is called the Wyke aisle or chapel. That it is +Cradock's, is confirmed by a garb or wheat-sheaf, on which his head is +laid. (The arms of Cradock are, Arg. on a chevron az. 3 _garbs_ or.) +Besides, in the very interesting accounts of the churchwardens of the +parish, annis 1450-1, among the receipts there is this entry: + + "It.: Recipim. de Dna de Wyke p. man. T. Newton filii sui de + legato Dni. Riei. Newton ad ---- p. campana ... xx." + +Richard Cradock was the first of his family who took the name of Newton, +and I have been informed that the last fine levied before him was, Oct. +Mart. 27 Hen. VI. (Nov. 1448), proving that the canopied altar tomb in +Bristol Cathedral, assigned to him, and recording that he died 1444, +must be an error. It is stated, that the latter monument was defaced +during the civil wars, and repaired in 1747, which is, probably, all +that is true of it. But this would carry me into another subject, to +which, perhaps, I may be allowed to return some other day. However, we +have got a date for the use of the collar by the _chief_ judges, +_earlier_ than that assigned by MR. FOSS, and it is somewhat +confirmatory of what he tells us, that it was not worn by any of the +_puisne_ order. + +H.T. ELLACOMBE. + +Bitton, Aug. 1850. + + * * * * * + +_The Livery Collar of SS._--Though ARMIGER (Vol. ii., p. 194.) has not +adduced any facts on this subject that were previously unknown to me, he +has advanced some misstatements and advocated some erroneous notions, +which it may be desirable at once to oppose and contradict; inasmuch as +they are calculated to envelope in fresh obscurity certain particulars, +which it was the object of my former researches to set forth in their +true light. And first, I beg to say that with respect to the "four +inaccuracies" with which he charges me, I do not plead guilty to any of +them. 1st. When B. asked the question, "Is there any list of persons who +were honoured with that badge?" it was evident that he meant, Is there +any list of the names of such persons, as of the Knights of the Garter +or the Bath? and I correctly answered, No: for there still is no such +list. The description of the classes of persons who might use the collar +in the 2 Hen. IV. is not such a list as B. asked for. 2dly. Where I said +"That persons were not honoured with the badge, in the sense that +persons are now decorated with stars, crosses, or medals," I am again +unrefuted by the statute of 2 Hen. IV., and fully supported by many +historical facts. I repeat that the livery collar was not worn as a +badge of honour, but as a badge of feudal allegiance. It seems to have +been regarded as giving certain weight and authority to the wearer, and, +therefore, was only to be worn in the king's presence, or in coming to +and from the king's hostel, except by the higher ranks; and this +entirely confirms my view. Had it been a mere personal decoration, like +the collar of an order of knighthood, there would have been no reason +for such prohibition; but as it conveyed the impression that the wearer +was especially one of the king's immediate military or household +servants, and invested with certain power or influence on that ground, +therefore its assumption away from the neighbourhood of the court was +prohibited, except to individuals otherwise well known from their +personal rank and station. 3dly. When ARMIGER declares I am wrong in +saying "That the collar was _assumed_," I have every reason to believe I +am still right. I may admit that, if it was literally a livery, it would +be worn only by those to whom the king gave it; but my present +impression is, that it was termed the king's livery, as being of the +pattern which was originally distributed by the king, or by the Duke of +Lancaster his father, to his immediate adherents, but which was +afterwards _assumed_ by all who were anxious to assert their loyalty, or +distinguish their partizanship as true Lancastrians; so that the statute +of 2 Hen. IV. was rendered necessary to restrain its undue and +extravagant _assumption_, for sundry good political reasons, some notion +of which may be gathered by perusing the poem on the deposition of +Richard II. published by the Camden Society. And 4thly, Where ARMIGER +disputes my conclusion, that the assumers were, so far as can be +ascertained, those who were attached to the royal household or service, +it will be perceived, by what I have already stated, that I still adhere +to that conclusion. I do not, therefore, admit that the statute of 2 +Henry IV. shows me to be incorrect in any one of those four particulars. +ARMIGER next proceeds to allude to Manlius Torquatus, who won and wore +the golden torc of a vanquished Gaul: but this story only goes to prove +that the collar of the Roman _torquati_ originated in a totally +different way from the Lancastrian collar of livery. ARMIGER goes on to +enumerate the several derivations of the Collar of Esses--from the +initial letter of _Soverayne_, from _St. Simplicius_, from _St. Crispin_ +and _St. Crispinian_, the martyrs of Soissons, from the _Countess of +Salisbury_, from the word _Souvenez_, and lastly, from the office of +_Seneschalus_, or Steward of England, held by John of Ghent,--which is, +as he says, "Mr. Nichols's notion," but the whole of which he +stigmatises alike "as mere monkish or heraldic gossip;" and, finally, he +proceeds to unfold his own recondite discovery, "viz. that it comes from +the S-shaped lever upon the bit {250} of the bridle of the war +steed,"--a conjecture which will assuredly have fewer adherents than any +one of its predecessors. But now comes forth the disclosure of what +school of heraldry this ARMIGER is the champion. He is one who can tell +us of "many more rights and privileges than are dreamt of in the +philosophy either of the court of St. James's or the college of St. +Bennet's Hill!" In short, he is the mouthpiece of "the Baronets' +Committee for Privileges." And this is the law which he lays down:-- + + "The persons now privileged to wear the ancient golden collar of + SS. are the _equites aurati_, or knights (chevaliers) in the + British monarchy, a body which includes all the hereditary order + of baronets in England, Scotland, and Ireland, with such of + their eldest sons, being of age, as choose to claim inauguration + as knights." + +Here we have a full confession of a large part of the faith of the +Baronets' Committee,--a committee of which the greater number of those +who lent their names to it are probably by this time heartily ashamed. +It is the doctrine held forth in several works on the Baronetage +compiled by a person calling himself "Sir Richard Broun," of whom we +read in Dodd's _Baronetage_, that "previous to succeeding his father, he +demanded inauguration as a knight, in the capacity of a baronet's eldest +son; but the Lord Chamberlain having refused to present him to the Queen +for that purpose, he assumed the title of 'Sir,' and the addition of +'Eques Auratus,' in June, 1842." So we see that ARMIGER and the Lord +Chamberlain are at variance as to part of the law above cited; and so, +it might be added, have been other legal authorities, to the privileges +asserted by the mouthpiece of the said committee. But that is a long +story, on which I do not intend here to enter. I had not forgotten that +in one of the publications of Sir Richard Broun the armorial coat of the +premier baronet of each division is represented encircled with a Collar +of Esses; but I should never have thought of alluding to this freak, +except as an amusing instance of fantastic assumption. I will now +confine myself to what has appeared in the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES;" +and, more particularly, to the unfounded assertion of ARMIGER in p. +194., "that the golden Collar of SS. was the undoubted badge or mark of +a knight, _eques auratus_;" which he follows up by the dictum already +quoted, that "the persons now privileged to wear the ancient golden +Collar of SS. are the _equites aurati_." I believe it is generally +admitted that knights were _equites aurati_ because they wore golden or +gilt spurs; certainly it was not because they wore golden collars, as +ARMIGER seems to wish us to believe; and the best proof that the Collar +of Esses was not the badge of a knight, as such, at the time when such +collars were most worn, in the fifteenth century, is this--that the +monumental effigies and sepulchral brasses of many knights at that time +are still extant which have no Collar of Esses; whilst the Collar of +Esses appears only on the figures of a limited number, who were +undoubtedly such as wished to profess their especial adherence to the +royal House of Lancaster. + +JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS. + + * * * * * + +SIR GREGORY HORTON, BART. + +(Vol. ii., p. 216.) + +The creation of the baronetcy of _Norton_, of Rotherfield, in East +Tysted, co. Hants, took place in the person of Sir Richard Norton, of +Rotherfield, Kt., 23d May, 1622, and _expired_ with him on his death +without male issue in 1652. + +The style of Baronet, in the case of _Sir Gregory Norton_, the +_regicide_, was an assumption not uncommon in those days; as in the case +of _Prettyman_ of Lodington, and others. + +The regicide in his will styles himself "Sir Richard Norton, of Paul's, +Covent Garden, in the county of Middlesex, Bart." It bears date 12th +March, 1651, and was proved by his relict, Dame Martha Norton, 24th +Sept., 1652. He states that his land at Penn, in the county of Bucks, +was _mortgaged_, and mentions his "disobedient son, Henrie Norton;" and +desires his burial-place may be at Richmond, co. Surrey. + +The descent of Gregory Norton is not known. There is no evidence of his +connexion with the Rotherfield or Southwick Nortons. His assumption of +the title was not under any claim he could have had, real or imaginary, +connected with the Rotherfield patent; for he uses the title at the same +time with Sir Richard of Rotherfield, whose will is dated 26th July, +1652, and not proved till 5th Oct, 1652, when Sir Gregory was dead; and, +what is singular, the will of Sir Richard was proved by his brother, +John Norton, by the style of _Baronet_, to which he could have had no +pretension, as Sir Richard died without male issue, and there was no +limitation of the patent of 1622 on failure of heirs male of the body of +the grantee. + +G. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE'S WORD "DELIGHTED." + +That the Shakspearian word _delighted_ might, as far as its form goes, +mean "endowed with delight," "full of delight," I should readily +concede; but this meaning would suit neither the passage in _Measure for +Measure_,--"the delighted spirit,"--nor (satisfactorily) that in +_Othello_,--"delighted beauty." Whether, therefore, _delighted_ be +derived from the Latin _delectus_ or not, I still believe that it means +"refined," "dainty," "delicate;" a sense which is curiously adapted to +each of the three places. This will not be questioned with respect to +the second and third passages cited by {251} MR. HICKSON: and the +following citations will, I think, prove the point as effectually for +the passage of _Measure for Measure_: + + 1. "_Fine_ apparition".--_Tempest_, Act i. sc. 2. + + 2. "Spirit, _fine_ spirit."--Ditto. + + 3. "_Delicate_ Ariel."--Ditto. + + 4. "And, for thou wast a spirit too _delicate_, + To act her _earthy_ and abhorred commands." + Ditto. + + 5. "_Fine_ Ariel."--Ditto. + + 6. "My _delicate_ Ariel."--Ditto. Act iv. sc. 1. + + 7. "Why that's my _dainty_ Ariel."--Ditto. Act v. + sc. 1. + +I do not know the precise nature of the "old authorities" which MR. +SINGER opposes to my conjecture: but may we not demur to the +conclusiveness of any "old authorities" on such a point? Etymology seems +to be one of the developing sciences, in which we know more, and better, +than our forefathers, as our descendants will know more, and better, +than we do. + +To end with a brace of queries. Are not _delicioe_, _delicatus_, more +probably from _deligere_ than from _delicere_? And whence comes the word +_dainty_? I cannot believe in the derivation from _dens_, "a tooth." + +B.H. KENNEDY. + + * * * * * + +AEROSTATION. + +Your correspondent C.B.M. (Vol. ii., p 199.) will find a long article on +_Aerostation_ in Rees' _Cyclopaedia_; but his inquiry reminds me of a +conversation I had with the late Sir Anthony Carlisle, about a year +before his death. He wished to consult me on the subject of flying by +mechanical means, and that I should assist him in some of his +arrangements. He had devoted many years of his life to the consideration +of this subject, and made numerous experiments at great cost, which +induced him to believe in the possibility of enabling man to fly by +means of artificial wings. However visionary this idea might be, he had +collected innumerable and extremely interesting data, having examined +the anatomical structure of almost every winged thing in the creation, +and compared the weight of the body with the area of the wings when +expanded in the act of volitation as well as the natural habits of +birds, insects, bats, and fishes, with reference to their powers of +flying and duration of flight. + +These notes would form a valuable addition to natural history, whatever +might be thought of the purpose for which they were collected, during a +period of thirty years; and it is much to be regretted they were never +published. His own opinion was, that the publication, during his life +would injure his practice as a physician. It would be impossible without +the aid of diagrams, and I do not remember sufficient, to explain his +mechanical contrivances; but the general principle was, to suspend the +man under a kind of flat parachute of extremely thin _feather-edge_ +boards, with a power of adjusting the angle at which it was placed, and +allowing the man the full use of his arms and legs to work any machinery +placed beneath; the area of the parachute being proportioned, as in +birds to the weight of the man, who was to start from the top of a high +tower, or some elevated position, flying against the wind. + +HENRY WILKINSON. + +Brompton. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Long Lonkin_ (Vol. ii., p. 168.).--If SELEUCUS will refer to Mr. +Chamber's _Collection of Scottish Ballads_, he will find there the whole +story under the name of Lammilsin, of which Lonkin appears to me to be a +corruption. In the 6th verse it is rendered: + + "He said to his ladye fair, + Before he gaed abuird, + Beware, beware o, Lammilsin! + For he lyeth in the wudde." + +Then the story goes on to state that Lammilsin crept in at a little shot +window, and after some conversation with the "fause nourrice" they +decide to + + "Stab the babe, and make it cry, + And that will bring her down." + +Which being done, they murder the unhappy lady. Shortly after, Lord +Weirie comes home, and has the "fause nourrice" burnt at the stake. From +the circumstance that the name of the husband of the murdered lady was +Weirie, it is conjectured that this tragedy took place at Balwearie +Castle, in Fife, and the old people about there constantly affirm that +it really occurred. I am not aware that there exists any connection +between the hero of this story and the _nursery rhyme_; for, as I before +stated, I think Lonkin a corruption of Lammilsin. + +H.H.C. + + +_Rowley Powley_ (Vol. ii., p. 74.).--Andre Valladier, who died about the +middle of the sixteenth century, was a popular preacher and the king's +almoner. He gained great applause for his funeral oration on Henry IV. +In his sermon for the second Sunday in Lent (Rouen, 1628), he says;-- + + "Le paon est gentil et miste, bien que par la parfaite beaute de + sa houppe, par la rarete et noblesse de sa teste, par la + gentilesse et nettete de son cou, par l'ornement de ses pennes + et par la majeste de tout le reste de son corps, il ravit tous + ceux qui le contemplent attentivement; toutefois au rencontre de + sa femelle, pour l'attirer a son amour, il deploye sa pompe, + fait montrer et parade de son plumage bizarre, et RIOLLE PIOLLE + se presente a elle avec piafe, et luy donne la plus belle visee + de sa roue. De mesme ce Dieu admirable, amoreux des hommes, pour + nous ravir d'amour a soy, desploye le lustre de ses plus + accomplies beautez, et comme un amant transporte de sa bienaimee + se {252} montre pour nous allecher a cetter transformation de + nous en luy, de nostre misere en sa gloire."--Ap. + _Predicatoriuna_ p. 132-3: Dijon, 1841. + +H.B.C. + + +_Guy's Armour_ (Vol. ii., pp. 55. 187.).--With respect to the armour +said to have belonged to Guy, Earl of Warwick, your correspondent NASO +is referred to Grose's _Military Antiquities_, vol. ii. pl. 42., where +he will find an engraving of a bascinet of the fourteenth century, much +dilapidated, but having still a fragment of the moveable vizor adhering +to the pivot on which it worked. Whether this interesting relic is still +at Warwick Castle or not, I cannot pretend to say, as I was +unfortunately prevented joining the British Archaeological Association at +the Warwick congress in 1847, and have never visited that part of the +country; but the bascinet which was there in Grose's time was at least +of the date of Guido de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, the builder of Guy's +Tower, who died in 1315, and who has always been confounded with the +fabulous Guy: and if it has disappeared, we have to regret the loss of +the only specimen of an English bascinet of that period that I am aware +of in this country. + +J.R. PLANCHE + + +_Alarm_ (Vol. ii., pp. 151. 183.).--The origin of this word appears to +be the Italian cry, _all'arme; gridare all'arme_ is to give the alarm. +Hence the French _alarme_, and from the French is borrowed the English +word. _Alarum_ for _alarm_, is merely a corruption produced by +mispronunciation. The letters _l_ and _r_ before _m_ are difficult to +pronounce; and they are in general, according to the refined standard of +our pronunciation, so far softened as only to lengthen the preceding +vowel. In provincial pronunciation, however, the force of the former +letter is often preserved, and the pronunciation is facilitated by the +insertion of a vowel before the final _m_. The Irish, in particular, +adopt this mode of pronouncing; even in public speaking they say +_callum_, _firrum_, _farrum_, for _calm_, _firm_, _farm_. The old word +_chrisom_ for _chrism_, is an analogous change: the Italians have in +like manner lengthened _chrisma_ into _cresima_; the French have +softened it into _chreme_. + +L. + + +_Alarm._--It is in favour of the derivation _a l'arme_ that the Italian +is _allarme_; some dictionaries even have _dare all'arme_, with the +apostrophe, for to give alarm. It is against it that the German word +_Laerm_ is used precisely as the English _alarm_. Your correspondent CH. +thinks the French derivation suspiciously ingenious: here I must differ; +I think it suspiciously obvious. I will give him a suggestion which I +think really suspiciously ingenious: in fact, had not the opportunity +occurred for illustrating ingenuity, I should not have ventured it. May +it not be that _alarme_ and _allarme_ is formed in the obvious way, as +_to arms_; while _alarum_ and _Laerm_ wholly unconnected with them? May +it not sometimes happen that, by coincidence, the same sounds and +meanings go together in different languages without community of origin? +Is it not possible that _larum_ and _Laerm_ are imitations of the stroke +and subsequent resonance of a large bell? Denoting the continued sound +of _m_ by _m-m-m_, I think that _lrm-m-m-lrm-m-m-lrm-m-m_ &c., is as +good an imitation of a large bell at some distance as letters can make. +And in the old English use of the word, the alarum refers more often to +a bell than to any thing else. + +The introduction of the military word into English can be traced, as to +time, with a certain probability. In 1579, Thomas Digges published his +_Arithmeticall Militare Treatise named Stratioticos_, which he informs +us is mainly the writing of his father, Leonard Digges. At page 170. the +father seems to finish with "and so I mean to finishe this treatise:" +while the son, as we must suppose, adds p. 171. and what follows. In the +father's part the word _alarm_ is not mentioned, that I can find. If it +occurred anywhere, it would be in describing the duties of the +_scout-master_; but here we have nothing but _warning_ and _surprise_, +never _alarm_. But in the son's appendix, the word _alarme_ does occur +twice in one page (173.). It also occurs in the body of the _second_ +edition of the book, when of course it is the son who inserts it. We may +say then, that, in all probability, the military technical term was +introduced in the third quarter of the sixteenth century. This, I +suspect, is too late to allow us to suppose that the vernacular force +which Shakspeare takes it to have, could have been gained for it by the +time he wrote. + +The second edition was published in 1590; about this time the spelling +of the English language made a very rapid approach to its present form. +This is seen to a remarkable extent in the two editions of the +_Stratioticos_; in the first, the commanding officer of a regiment is +always _corronel_, in the second _collonel_. But the most striking +instance I now remember, is the following. In the first edition of +Robert Recorde's _Castle of Knowledge_ (1556) occurs the following +tetrastich:-- + + "If reasons reache transcende the skye, + Why shoulde it then to earthe be bounde? + The witte is wronged and leadde awrye, + If mynde be maried to the grounde." + +In the second edition (1596) the above is spelt as we should now do it, +except in having _skie_ and _awrie_. + +M. + + +_Prelates of France_ (Vol. ii., p. 182.).--In answer to a Minor Query of +P.C.S.S., I can inform him that I have in my possession, if it be of any +use to him, a manuscript entitled _Tableau de l'Ordre religieux en +France, avant et depuis l'Edit de 1768_, {253} containing the houses, +number of religions, and revenues, and the several dioceses in which +they were to be found. + +M. + +Midgham House, Newbury, Berks. + + +_Haberdasher_ (Vol. ii., p. 167.).-- + + "Haberdasher, a retailer of goods, a dealer in small wares; T. + _haubvertauscher_, from _haab_; B. _have_; It. _haveri_, + _haberi_, goods, wares; and _tauscher_, _vertauscher_, a dealer, + an exchanger; G. _tuiskar_; D. _tusker_; B. _tuischer_." + +This derivation of the term _haberdasher_ is from _Thomson's Etymons_, +and seems to be satisfactory. + +_Haberdascher_ was the name of a trade at least as early as the reign of +Edward III.; but it is not easy to decide what was the sort of trade or +business then carried on under that name. Any elucidation of that point +would be very acceptable. + +D. + + +"_Rapido contrarius orbi_" (Vol. ii., p. 120.).--No answer having +appeared to the inquiry of N.B., it may be stated that, in Hartshorne's +_Book-Rarities of Cambridge_, mention is made of a painting, in Emanuel +College, of "Abp. Sancroft, sitting at a writing-table with arms, and +motto, _Rapido contrarius orbi_. P.P. Lens, F.L." + +Brayley, in his _Concise Account of Lambeth Palace_, describes a +portrait, in the vestry, of "A young man in a clerical habit, or rather +that of a student, with a motto beneath, 'Rapido contrarium orbo'" +(whether the motto, as thus given, is the printer's or the painter's +error does not appear), "supposed to be Abp. Sancroft when young.--Date +1650." + +G.A.S. + + +_Robertson of Muirtown_ (Vol. ii., p. 135.).--C.R.M. will find a +pedigree of the family of Robertson of _Muirton_ in a small duodecimo +entitled: + + "The History and Martial Atchievements of the Robertsons of + Strowan. Edinburgh: printed for and by Alex. Robertson in + _Morison's_ Close; where Subscribers may call for their copies." + +The date of publication is not given; I think, however, it must have +been printed soon after 1st January 1771, which is the latest date in +the body of the work. + +The greater portion of the volume is occupied with the poems of +Alexander Robertson of Strowan who died in 1749. + +A.R.X. + +Paisley. + + +"_Noli me tangere_" (Vol. ii., p. 153.)--The following list of some of +the painters of this subject may assist B.R.:-- + +_Timoteo delle Vite_--for St. Angelo at Cogli. + +_Titian_--formerly in the Orleans collection, and engraved by N. +Tardieu, in the Crozat Gallery. + +_Ippolito Scarsella_ (Lo Scarsellino)--for St. Nicolo Ferrara. + +_Cristoforo Roncalli_ (Il Cav. delle Pomarance)--for the Eremitani at +St. Severino. + +_Lucio Massari_--for the Celestini, Bologna. + +_Francesco Boni_ (Il Gobbino)--for the Dominicani, Faenza. + +I.Z.P. + + +_Clergy sold for Slaves_ (Vol. ii., p. 51.),--MR. SANSOM will find in +the _Cromwellian Diary of Thomas Burton_, iv. 255. 273. 301-305., ample +material for an answer to his question respecting the sale of any of the +loyal party for slaves during the rebellion. + +There is no evidence of any _clergymen_ having been sold as slaves to +Algiers or Barbadoes. Drs. Beale, Martin, and Sterne, heads of colleges, +were threatened with this outrage (see _Querela Cantabrigiensis_ +appended to the _Mercurius Rusticus_ p. 184). In the life of Dr. John +Barwick, one of the authors of the _Querela_ (in the Eng. transl. p. +42.), the story is thus told: + + "The rebels at that time threatened some of their greatest men + and most learned heads (such as Dr William Beale, Dr. Edward + Martin, and Dr. Richard Sterne) transportation into the isles of + America, or even to the barbarian Turks: for these great men, + and several other very eminent divines, were kept close + prisoners in a ship on the Thames, under the hatches, almost + killed with stench, hunger, and watching; and treated by the + senseless mariners with more insolence than if they had been the + vilest slaves, or had been confined there for some infamous + robbery or murder. Nay, one Rigby, a scoundrel of the very dregs + of the parliament rebels, did at that time expose these venerable + persons to sale, and _would actually have sold them for slaves, + if any one would have bought them_." + +In a note, it is added that Rigby moved twice in the Long Parliament, + + "That those lords and gentlemen who were prisoners, should be + sold as slaves to Argiere, or sent to the new plantations in the + West Indies, because he had contracted with two merchants for + that purpose." + +Col. Rigby, so justly denounced by Barwick, sat in the Long Parliament +for the borough of Wigan, and in the Parliarment of 1658-9 represented +Lancashire. He was a native of Preston, was bred to the law, and held a +colonel's rank in the parliamentary army. He was one of the committee of +sequestrators for Lancashire, served at the siege of Latham House, and +in 1649 was created Baron of the Exchequer, but was superseded by +Cromwell. + +Calamy, the historian and chaplain of the Nonconformists, treated +Walker's statement quoted by MR. SANSOM as a fiction, and advised him to +expunge the passage. See his _Church and Dissenters compared as to +Persecution_, 1719, pp. 40, 41. + +A.B.R. + + +_North Side of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., pp. 55. 189).--One of your +writers has recently endeavoured to explain the popular dislike to +burial on the north side of the church, by reference to the place of the +churchyard cross, the sunniness, and the greater resort of the people to +the south. {254} These are not only meagre reasons, but they are +incorrect. + +The doctrine of regions was coeval with the death of Our Lord. The east +was the realm of the oracles; the especial Throne of God. The west was +the domain of the people; the Galilee of all nations was there. The +south, the land of the mid-day, was sacred to things heavenly and +divine. The north was the devoted region of Satan and his hosts; the +lair of demons, and their haunt. In some of our ancient churches, over +against the font, and in the northern walls, there was a devil's door. + +It was thrown open at every baptism for the escape of the fiend, and at +all other seasons carefully closed. Hence came the old dislike to +sepulture at the north. + +R.S. HAWKER. + +Morwenstow, Cornwall. + + +_Sir John Perrot_ (Vol. ii., p. 217.).--This Query surprises me. Sir +John Perrot was not governor of Ireland _in the reign of Henry VIII._, +and your correspondent E.N.W. is mistaken in his belief that Sir John +was _beheaded_ in the reign of Elizabeth. He was convicted of treason +16th June, 1592, and died in the Tower in September following. In the +_British Plutarch_, 3rd edit., 1791, vol. i. p. 121., is _The Life of +Sir John Perrot_. The authorities given are Cox's _History of Ireland; +Life of Sir John Perrot_, 8vo., 1728; _Biographia Britannica_; Salmon's +_Chronological History_; to which I may add the following references:-- + +Howell's _State Trials_, i. 1315; Camden's _Annals_; Naunton's +_Fragmenta Regalia_; Lloyd's _State Worthies_; Nash's _Worcestershire_; +Strype's _Ecclesiastical Memorials_, iii. 297.; Strype's _Annals_, iii. +337, 398-404.; _Stradling Letters_, 48-50.; Nare's _Life of Lord +Burghley_, iii. 407.; _Fourth Report of Deputy Keeper of Public +Records_, Appendix, ii. 281. Dean Swift, in his _Introduction to Polite +Conversation_, says,-- + + "Sir John Perrot was the first man of quality whom I find upon + the record to have sworn by _God's wounds_. He lived in the + reign of Queen Elizabeth, and was supposed to be a natural son + of Henry VIII., who might also have been his instructor." + +C.H. COOPER + +Cambridge, August 31. 1850. + + +_Coins of Constantius II._--The coins of this prince are, from their +titles being identical with those of his cousin, very difficult to be +distinguished. _My_ only guide is the portrait. Gallus died at +twenty-nine; and we may suppose that his coins would present a more +youthful portrait than Constantius II. The face of Constantius is long +and thin, and is distinguished by the royal diadem. The youthful head +resembling Constantius the Great with the laurel crown, _Rev_. Two +military figures standing, with spears and bucklers, between them two +standards, _Ex._ S M N B., I have arranged in my cabinet, how far +rightly I know not, as that of Gallus. + +E.S.T. + + +"_She ne'er with treacherous Kiss_" (Vol. ii., p. 136.).--C.A.H. will +find the lines,-- + + "She ne'er with trait'rous kiss," &c. + +in a poem named "Woman," 2nd ed. p. 34., by Eaton Stannard Barrett, +Esq., published in 1818, by Henry Colburn, Conduit street. + +E.D.B. + + +_California_ (Vol. ii, p. 132.).--Your correspondent E.N.W. will find +earlier anticipations of "the golden harvest now gathering in +California," in vol. iii. of _Hakluyt's Voyages_, p. 440-442, where an +account is given of Sir F. Drake's taking possession of Nova Albion. + + "There is no part of earth here to bee taken up, wherein there + is not speciall likelihood of gold or silver." + +In Callendar's _Voyages_, vol. i. p. 303., and other collections +containing Sir F. Drake's voyage to Magellanica, there is the same +notice. The earth of the country seemed to promise very rich veins of +gold and silver, there being hardly any digging without throwing up some +of the ores of them. + +T.J. + + +_Bishops and their Precedence_ (Vol. ii., pp. 9. 76.)--The precedence of +bishops is regulated by the act of 31 Hen. VIII. c. 10., "for placing of +the Lords." Bishops are, in fact, temporal barons, and, as stated in +Stephen's _Blackstone_, vol. iii. pp. 5, 6., sit in the House of Peers +in right of succession to certain ancient baronies annexed, or supposed +to be annexed, to their episcopal lands; and as they have in addition +high spiritual rank, it is but right they should have place before those +who, in temporal rank only, are equal to them. This is, in effect, the +meaning of the reason given by Coke in part iii. of the Institutes, p. +361. ed. 1670, where, after noticing the precedence amongst the bishops +themselves, namely, 1. The Bishop of London, 2. The Bishop of Durham, 3. +The Bishop of Winchester, he observes: + + "But the other bishops have place above all the barons of the + realm, because they hold their bishopricks of the king per + baroniam; but they give place to viscounts, earls, marquesses, + and dukes." + +ARUN. + + +_Elizabeth and Isabel_ (Vol. i., pp. 439. 488.).--The title of AElius +Antonius Nebressengis's history is, _Rerum a Fernando et Elisabe +Hispaniaram faelicissimis regibus gestarum Decades duae_. + +J.B. + + +_Dr. Thomas Bever's Legal Polity of Great Britain_ (Vol. i., p. +483.).--Is J.R. aware that the principal part of the parish of Mortimer, +near Reading, as well as the manorial rights, belongs to a Richard +Benyon de Beauvoir, Esq., residing not very far from that spot, at +Englefield House, about five miles on the Newbury Road from Reading. +{255} This gentleman, whose original name was Powlett Wright, took the +name of De Beauvoir a few years back, as I understand, from succeeding +to the property of his relative, a Mr. Beevor or Bever. This gentleman +may, perhaps, be enabled to throw some light upon the family of Dr. +Bever. + +WP. + + +_Eikon Basilike_ (Vol. ii., p. 134.).--I would suggest to A.C. that the +circumstance of his copy of this work bearing on its cover "C.R.," +surmounted by a crown, may not be indicative of its having been in the +possession of royalty. It may have been, perhaps, not unusual to +occasionally so distinguish words of this description published in or +about that year (1660). I have a small volume entitled-- + + "The History of His Sacred Majesty Charles II. Begun from the + Murder of his royal father of Happy Memory, and continued to + this present year, 1660, by a person of quality. Printed for + _James Davies_, and are to be sold at the _Turk's Head in Ioy_ + Lane, and at the _Greyhound_ in _St. Paul's_ Church Yard, 1660." + +This volume is stamped in gold on both covers with C.R., surmounted by a +crown. + +E.B. PRICE. + + +_Earl of Oxford's Patent_ (Vol. ii., PP. 194. 235.).--LORD BRAYBROOKE no +doubt knows, that the preamble to the patent was written by Dean Swift. +(See _Journal to Stella_.) I would add, in reply to O.P.Q., that there +is no doubt that _assassin_ and _assassinate_ are properly used even +when death does not ensue. Not so _murder_ and _murderer_, which are +strict terms of _law_ to which _death_ is indispensable. + +C. + + +_Cave's Historia Litteraria_ (Vol. ii., p. 230.).--Part I. appeared at +London, 1688. An Appendix, by Wharton, followed, 1689. These were +reprinted, Geneva, 1693. Part II., Lond., 1698; repr. Genev., 1699. The +whole was reprinted, Genev., 1708 and 1720. After the author's death a +new and improved edition appeared, Oxon., 1740-43; rep. Basil, 1741-45. +I give the date 1708, not 1705, to the second Geneva impression, on the +authority of Walch. + +J.E.B. MAYOR. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Collections of Wills have always been regarded, and very justly so, as +among the most valuable materials which exist for illustrating the +social condition of the people at the period to which they belong. +Executed, as they must be, at moments the most solemn displaying, as we +cannot but believe they do, the real feelings which actuate the +testators; and having for their object the distribution of existing +property, and that of every possible variety of description, it is +obvious that they alike call for investigation, and are calculated to +repay any labour that may be bestowed upon them. It is therefore, +perhaps, somewhat matter of surprise that the Camden Society should not +hitherto have printed any of this interesting class of documents; and +that only in the twelfth year of its existence it should have given to +its members the very interesting volume of _Wills and Inventories from +the Registers of the Commissary of Bury St. Edmunds and the Archdeacon +of Sudbury_, which has been edited for the Society by Mr. Tymms, the +active and intelligent Treasurer and Secretary of the Bury and West +Suffolk Archaeological Institute. The selection contains upwards of fifty +Wills, dated between 1370 and 1649, and the documents are illustrated by +a number of brief but very instructive notes; and as the volume is +rendered more useful by a series of very complete indices, we have no +doubt it will be as satisfactory to the members as it is creditable to +its editor. Mr. Tymms acknowledges his obligations to Mr. Way and Mr. J. +Gough Nicols: we are sure the Camden Society would be under still +greater obligations to those gentlemen if they could be persuaded to +undertake the production of the series of Lambeth Wills which was to +have been edited by the late Mr. Stapleton, with Mr. Way's assistance. + +When the proprietors of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ at the commencement +of the present year announced their projected improvements in that +periodical, we expressed our confidence that they would really and +earnestly put forth fresh claims to the favour of the public. Our +anticipations have been fully realised. Each succeeding number has shown +increased energy and talent in the "discovery and establishment of +historical truth in all its branches," and that the conductors of this +valuable periodical, the only "Historical Review" in the country, +continue to pursue these great objects faithfully and honestly, as in +times past, but more diligently and more undividedly. No student of +English history can now dispense with, no library which places +historical works upon its shelves can now be complete without _The +Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review_. + +We have received the following Catalogues:--G. Willis's (Great Piazza, +Covent Garden) Catalogue No. 41. New Series of Second-hand Books, +Ancient and Modern; W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) +Sixtieth (catalogue of Cheap Second-hand English and Foreign Books); C. +Hamilton's (4. Budge Place, City Road) Catalogue No. 41. of an important +Collection of the Cheapest Tracts, Books, Autographs, Manuscripts, +Original Drawings, &c. ever offered for sale. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +MARTENS OR MERTENS THE PRINTER. _Will D.L. kindly furnish us with a copy +of the Note alluded to in his valuable communication in_ No. 42.? + +JUNIUS IDENTIFIED. MR. TAYLOR'S _Letter on his authorship of this volume +is unavoidably postponed until next week_. + +M., _who writes on the subject of_ Mr. Thomas's Account of the State +Paper Office, _will be glad to hear that a Calendar of the documents +contained in that department is in the press_. + + * * * * * {256} + +SECOND PART OF MR. ARNOLD'S GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. + +Now Ready, in 8vo., price 6s. 6d. + +A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. Part Second. (On +the PARTICLES.) In this Part the Passages for Translation are of +considerable length. + +By the Rev. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late +Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. + +RIVINGTON, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place. + + * * * * * + +Of whom may be had, by the same Author, + +1. The SEVENTH EDITION of the FIRST PART. In 8vo. 6s. 6d. + +2. A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION to GREEK ACCIDENCE. Fourth Edition. 8vo. 5s. +6d. + +3. A PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION to GREEK CONSTRUING. 6s. 6d. + +4. The FIRST GREEK BOOK; upon the plan of HENRY'S FIRST LATIN BOOK. 5s. +(The SECOND GREEK BOOK is in the Press.) + + * * * * * + +ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. + +The Central Committee of the Institute have considered a Resolution, +passed at a recent meeting of the British Archaeological Association at +Manchester, August 24th, in reference to the expediency of promoting a +union between the Association and the Institute. The Committee desire to +give this public notice, that they are ready, as they have always been, +to admit members of the Association desirous of joining the Institute. +They have determined accordingly, that, in order to offer reasonable +encouragement to the members of the Association, they shall henceforth +be eligible without the payment of the customary entrance fee, on the +intimation of their wish to the Committee to be proposed for election. +Life-members of the Association shall be eligible as life-members on +payment of half the usual composition. All members of the Association +thus elected shall likewise have the privilege of acquiring the previous +publications of the Institute at the price to original subscribers. + +Apartments of the Institute, +26. Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, Sept. 9, 1850. + By order of the Central Committee, + H. BOWYER LANE, _Secretary._ + + * * * * * + +HANDBOOKS FOR THE CLASSICAL STUDENT (WITH QUESTIONS). under the General +Superintendence and Editorship of the Rev. T.K. ARNOLD. + +I. HANDBOOKS of HISTORY and GEOGRAPHY. From the German of PUeTZ. +Translated by the Rev. R.B. PAUL. + +1. Ancient History, 6s. 6d.: 2. Mediaeval History, 4s. 6d.; 3. Modern +History, 5s., 6d. These works have been already translated into the +Swedish and Dutch languages. + +II. The ATHENIAN STAGE. From the German of WITZSCHEL. Translated by the +Rev. R.B. PAUL. 4s. + +III. HANDBOOK of GRECIAN ANTIQUITIES. 3s. 6d. HANDBOOK of ROMAN +ANTIQUITIES. 3s. 6d. From the Swedish of BOJESEN. Translated from Dr. +HOFFA'S German version by the Rev. R.B. PAUL. + +IV. HANDBOOKS of SYNONYMES: 1. Greek Synonymes. From the French of +PILLON. 6s. 6d. 2. Latin Synonymes. From the German of DOeDERLEIN 7s. 6d. +Translated by the Rev. H.H. ARNOLD. + +V. HANDBOOKS of VOCABULARY, 1. Green (in the press). 2. Latin. 3. French +(nearly ready). 4. German (nearly ready). + +RIVINGTON'S, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, price 1s. 6d. THE TIPPETS OF THE CANONS ECCLESIASTICAL. +With illustrative Woodcuts, by G.J. FRENCH. + +Also, by the same author, price 6d. HINTS ON THE ARRANGEMENTS OF COLOURS +IN ANCIENT DECORATIVE ART. With some observations on the Theory of +Complementary Colours. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Illustrated with numerous Woodcuts, 8vo, 10s. 6d. THE PRIMEVAL +ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J.J.A. WORSAAE, M.R.S.A., of Copenhagen. + +Translated and applied to the Illustration of similar Remains in +England; by WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A., Secretary of the Camden +Society. + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 337. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +In a few days, in 8vo., AN EXAMINATION OF THE CENTURY QUESTION: to which +is added, A Letter to the Author of "Outlines of Astronomy," respecting +a certain peculiarity of the Gregorian System of Bissextile +compensation. + + "Judicio perpende: et si tibi vera videntur, + DEDE MANUS." + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Second Edition, with Illustrations, 12mos., 3s. cloth. + +THE BELL: its Origin, History, and Uses. By the Rev. ALFRED GATTY, Vicar +of Ecclesfield. + +"A new and revised edition of a very varied, learned, and amusing essay +on the subject of bells."--_Spectator._ + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just Published, Octavo Edition, plain, 15s.; Quarto Edition, having the +Plates of the Tesselated Pavements all coloured, 1l. 5s. + +REMAINS of ROMAN ART in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient Corinium: +containing Plates by De la Motte, of the magnificent Tesselated +Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with copies of the +grand Heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pomona; reduced by the Talbotype from +facsimile tracings of the original; together with various other plates +and numerous wood engravings. + +In the Quarto edition the folding of the plates necessary for the +smaller volume is avoided. + +"The recent discoveries made at Cirencester have been the means of +enlisting in the cause of archaelogy two intelligent and energetic +associates, to whose exertions we are mainly indebted for the +preservation of the interesting remains brought to light, and our +obligations are increased by the able manner in which they have +described and illustrated them in the volume now under notice. + +"These heads" (Ceres, Flora, and Pomona) are of a high order of art, and +Mr. De la Motte, by means of the Talbotype, has so successfully reduced +them that the engravings are perfect facsimiles of the originals. They +are, perhaps, the best of the kind, every tessella apparently being +represented. + +"Our authors have very advantageously brought to their task a knowledge +of geology and chemistry, and the important aid which an application of +these sciences confers on archaeology is strikingly shown in the chapter +on the materials of the tesselle, which also includes a valuable report +by Dr. VOELCKER, on an analysis of ruby glass, which formed part of the +composition of one of the Cirencester pavements. This portion of the +volume is too elaborate and circumstantial for any justice to be done to +it in an extract."--_Gentleman's Mag., Sept._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, in the Parish +of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of +No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the +City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street +aforesaid.--Saturday, September 14. 1850. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 46, +Saturday, September 14, 1850, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 13462.txt or 13462.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.net/1/3/4/6/13462/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, David +King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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