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diff --git a/old/12018.txt b/old/12018.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88d0a1b --- /dev/null +++ b/old/12018.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2400 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries 1850.02.23, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries 1850.02.23 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: April 14, 2004 [EBook #12018] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES 1850.02.23 *** + + + + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, +William Flis, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 17.] Saturday, February 23. 1850. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * *{257} + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:--Page + Alfred's Orosius, by R.T. Hampson 257 + Folk Lore--Omens from Cattle--Horse's Head--Rush-bearings 258 + On Authors and Books, No. 5., by Bolton Corney 259 + Plagiarisms, or Parallel Passages, No. 2. 260 + St. Antholin's 260 + +QUERIES:-- + College Salting, by Rev. Dr. Maitland 261 + A few Dodo Queries, by H.E. Strictland 261 + Coleridge's Christabel, Byron's Lara: Tablet to Napoleon 262 + Minor Queries:--Howkey or Horkey--Lord Bacon's Psalms--Treatise of + Equivocation 263 + +REPLIES:-- + Etymology of Armagh, by Rev. Dr. Todd 264 + William Hasse and his Poems, by E.F. Rimbault, LL.D. 265 + Beaver Hats--Pisan, by T. Hudson Turner 266 + Replies to Minor Queries:--Norman Pedigrees--Translation of AElian--Ave + Trici--Daysman--Saveguard--Calamity--Zero--Complutensian + Polyglot--Sir W. Rider--Pokership--Havior, Heavier or Hever--Sir W. + Hamilton--Dr. Johnson's Library 266 + +MISCELLANIES:-- + Etymology of News--The Golden Age 270 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 270 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 271 + Notices to Correspondents 271 + Advertisements 271 + + * * * * * + +KING ALFRED'S GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE. + +The sketch of Europe, which our illustrious Alfred has inserted in his +translation of _Orosius_, is justly considered, both here and on the +Continent, as a valuable fragment of antiquity[1]; and I am sorry that +I can commend little more than the pains taken by his translators, +the celebrated Daines Barrington and Dr. Ingram, to make it available +to ordinary readers. The learned judge had very good intentions, but +his knowledge of Anglo-Saxon was not equal to the task. Dr. Ingram +professedly applied himself to correct both Alfred's text and +Barrington's version, so far as relates to the description of Europe; +but in two instances, occurring in one passage, he has adopted the +judge's mistake of proper names for common nouns. I do not call +attention to the circumstance merely as a literary curiosity, but +to preserve the royal geographer from liability to imputations of +extraordinary ignorance of his subject, and also to show the accuracy +of his delineation of Europe at that interesting epoch, whence the +principal states of Europe must date their establishment. + +King Alfred, mentioning the seat of the Obotriti, or Obotritae, as +they are sometimes named, a Venedic nation, who, in the 9th century, +occupied what is now the duchy of Mecklenburg, calls them _Apdrede_, +and says--"Be nor than him is apdrede, and cast north wylte the man +aefeldan haet."[2] + +Barrington translates the words thus:--"To the north is Aprede, and to +the north east the wolds which are called AEfeldan."[3] + +Dr. Ingram has the following variation:--"And to the east north are +the wolds which are called Heath Wolds."[4] To the word _wolds_ +he appends a note:--"_Wylte_. See on this word a note hereafter." +Very well; the promised note is to justify the metamorphosis of the +warlike tribe, known in the annals and chronicles of the 9th century +as the Wilti, Wilzi, Weleti, and Welatibi, into heaths and wolds. +Thirty pages further on there is a note by J. Reinhold Forster, +the naturalist and navigator, who wrote it for Barrington in full +confidence that the translation was correct:--"The AEfeldan," he says, +"are, as king Alfred calls them, _wolds_; there are at present in +the middle part of Jutland, large tracts of high moors, covered with +_heath_ only." + +Of _wylte_, Dr. Ingram writes:--"This word has never been correctly +explained; its original signification is the same, whether written +felds, fields, velts, welds, wilds, wylte, wealds, walds, walz, wolds, +&c. &c." And on _heath_, he says:--"Mr. Forster seems to have read +Haefeldan (or Haethfeldan), which indeed, I find in the Junian MS. +inserted as a various reading by Dr. Marshall (_MSS. Jun. 15_.). It +also occurs, further on in the MS., without any various reading. I +have therefore inserted it in the text." {258} + +Dr. Marshall seems to have understood the passage. What King Alfred +says and means is this:--"On the north are the Apdrede (Obotritae), and +on the north east of them are the Wylte, who are called Haefeldi." + +The anonymous Saxon Poet, who wrote the life of Charlemagne, gives the +same situation as Alfred to the Wilti:-- + + "Gens est Slavorum Wilti cognomine dicta, + Proxima litoribus quae possidet arva supremis + Jungit ubi oceano proprios Germania fines."[5] + +Helmold says that they inhabited the part of the coast opposite to the +island of Rugen; and hereabouts Adam of Bremen places the _Heveldi_, +and many other Slavonic tribes.[6] I am not aware that any other +author than Alfred says, that the Wilti and Heveldi were the +same people; but the fact is probable. The Heveldi are of rare +occurrence, but not so the Wilti.[7] Ptolemy calls them [Greek: +Beltai]--Veltae or Weltae--and places them in Prussian Pomerania, +between the Vistula and Niemen. Eginhard says that "they are +Slavonians who, in our manner, are called Wilsi, but in their own +language, Welatibi."[8] Their country was called Wilcia,[9] and, +as a branch of them were settled in Batavia about 560, it does not +seem very improbable that from them were derived the Wilsaeton of the +Anglo-Saxon chronicles, meaning the _Wilts seated_, or settlers in +Wilts-shire. The name, as Eginhard has noticed, is Slavic, and is an +adoption of _welot_ or _weolot_, a giant, to denote the strength and +fierceness which rendered them formidable neighbours. _Heveldi_ seems +to be the same word made emphatic with a foreign addition. + +Two other names have been given much trouble to the translators, +as well as to Mr. Forster. These are, _Maegtha Land_ and _Horiti_ +or _Horithi_, for both occur, and the latter is not written with +the letter _thorn_, but with a distinct _t_ and _h_. Alfred has, +unquestionably, met with the Slavic _gorod_, which so frequesntly +occurs as the termination of the names of cities in the region where +he indicates the seat of his Horiti to be. It signifies a city, and +is an etymological equivalent of Goth. _gards_, a house, Lat. _cors, +cortis_; O.N. _gardr_, a district, A.-Sax. _geard_, whence our _yard_. +The Polish form is _grodz_, and the Sorabic, _hrodz_. He places the +Horiti to the east of the Slavi Dalamanti, who occupied the district +north east of Moravia, with the _Surpe_, that is, Serbi, Servi, on +their north, and the _Sisle_, Slusli, another Slavonic people, on the +west. This appears to be the site possessed by the Hunnic founders of +Kiow. In Helmold, Chunigord, _the city or station of the Huns_, is the +name of the part of Russia containing Kiow.[10] + +To the north of Horiti, says Alfred, is _Maegtha Land_.--A Finnic +tribe, called Magyar, were settled in the 9th century in Mazovia, +whence a part of them descended into Hungary. According to Mr. +Forster, Mazovia has been called _Magan Land_; but I can find no trace +of that name. I can easily conceive, however, that _Magyar_ and _Land_ +might become, in Saxon copying, Maegtha Land, for the country of the +Magyar. Elsewhere, Alfred uses Maegtha Land, the land of the Medes, for +Persia. + +Is there any other printed copy of the Saxon _Orosius_ than +Barrington's? for that forbids confidence by a number of needless and +unauthorised alterations in most of the pages. + +R.T. HAMPSON + + [1] "La precieuse geographie d'Alfred, roi d'Angleterre."--Le + Comte J. Graeberg. _La Scandinavie Vengee_, p. 36. + + [2] Cotton MSS., _Tiberius_, b. i. fol. 12b. + + [3] Transl. of _Orosius_, p. 8. + + [4] _Inaugural Lecture_, p. 72. + + [5] _Vita Karoli Magni_, ann. 789. + + [6] "Sunt et alii Slavorum populi qui inter Albiam et + Oderam degunt, sicut Heveldi, qui juxta Haliolam fluvium, et + Doxani, Liubuzzi, Wilini, et Stoderani, cum multis aliis."--_Hist. + Eccl._ p. 47, 48. + + [7] _Annales Sangall. Brev._, ann. 789.--_Ann. Lauresham_, &c. + + [8] _Vit. Kar. Mag._ and _Annal. Francor._, ann. 822. + + [9] _Annal. Petav._, ann 789. + + [10] _Chron. Slavorum_, l. i, c. 2. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Omens from Cattle_.--I forward to you a _Note_, which, many years +ago, I inserted in my interleaved Brand's _Observations on Popular +Antiquities_, vol. ii. p. 519. 4to., in the hope that, as the subject +interested me _then_, it may not prove uninteresting to some _now_:-- + + "A bad omen seems to be drawn from _an ox or cow breaking into + a garden_. Though I laugh at the superstition, the omen was + painfully fulfilled in my case. + + "About the middle of March, 1843, some cattle were driven + close to my house; and, the back door being open, _three_ + got into our little bit of garden, and trampled it. When our + school-drudge came in the afternoon, and asked the cause of + the confusion, she expressed great sorrow and apprehension on + being told--said it was a bad sign--and that we should hear of + _three_ deaths within the next six months. Alas! in April, we + heard of dear J----'s murder; a fortnight after, A---- died; + and to-morrow, August 10th, I am to attend the funeral of my + excellent son-in-law. + + "I have just heard of the same omen from another quarter." + +This was added the next day:-- + + "But what is still more remarkable is, that when I went down + to Mr. ----'s burial, and was mentioning the superstition, + they told me that, while he was lying ill, a cow got into the + front garden, and was driven out with great difficulty." + +L.S. + + +_The Horse's Head--Rush-bearings._--The account of the Welch custom of +the "Grey Mare" in a late Number reminded me of something very similar +in Cheshire. In the parish of Lynn it is customary, for a week or ten +days before the 5th {259} of November, for the skeleton of a horse's +head, dressed up with ribbons, &c., having glass eyes inserted in the +sockets, and mounted on a short pole by way of handle, to be carried +by a man underneath, covered with a horse-cloth. There is generally +a chain attached to the nose, which is held by a second man, and +they are attended by several others. In houses to which they can gain +access, they go through some kind of performance, the man with the +chain telling the horse to rear, open its mouth, &c. Their object, of +course, is to obtain money. The horse will sometimes seize persons, +and hold them fast till they pay for being set free; but he is +generally very peaceable,--for in case of resistance being offered, +his companions frequently take flight, and leave the poor horse to +fight it out. I could never learn the origin of this strange custom. +I remember, when very young, having a perfect horror of meeting this +animal in the dark. + +Another custom, which I suppose prevails in some other places, is the +"Rush-bearing." At the annual Wakes a large quantity of rushes are +collected together, and loaded on a cart, almost to the height of a +load of hay. They are bound on the cart, and cut evenly at each end. +On the Saturday evening a number of men sit on the top of the rushes, +holding garlands of artificial flowers, tinsel, &c. The cart is +drawn round the parish by three or four spirited horses, decked out +with ribbons,--the collars being surrounded with small bells. It is +attended by morris-dancers, dressed in strange style,--men in women's +clothes, &c. One big man in woman's clothes, with his face blacked, +has a belt round his waist, to which is attached a large bell, and +carries a ladle, in which he collects money from the spectators. +The company stop and dance at the principal public-houses in their +route, and then proceed to the parish church(!), where the rushes are +deposited, and the garlands hung up very conspicuously, to remain +till the next year. I believe a custom somewhat similar exists in +the adjoining parish of Warburton, but not carried out in such grand +style. + +It would be very interesting if your correspondents in different parts +of the country would send accounts of these relics of the barbarous +ages. + +JULIUS. + +Runcorn, Feb. 13. 1850. + + * * * * * + +ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. 5. + +As a writer of dedications, Samuel Johnson was the giant of his time. +He once said to Boswell, the subject arising at a dinner-party, "Why, +I have dedicated to the royal family all round,"--and the _honest +chronicler_ proves that he spoke advisedly. + +Compositions of this nature admit much variety of character. A +dedication may be the pure homage which we owe to merit, or the +expression of gratitude for favours received, or a memorial of +cherished friendship; and such dedications, in point of motive, +are beyond the reach of censure--I may fairly assert, are very +commendable. Nevertheless, Johnson left no compositions of either +class: "the _loftiness_ of his mind," as Boswell gravely states, +"prevented him from ever dedicating in his own person." + +A more equivocal sort of dedication also prevailed. A book was +supposed to require the prefix of some eminent name as its patron, +in order to ensure its success. Now the author, though very capable +of writing with propriety on his chosen theme, might be unequal to +the courtly style which dedicators were wont to display, and as the +_complement_ was to be returned _substantially_, he might be tempted +to employ a superior artist on the occasion. It was chiefly under such +circumstances that the powers of Johnson were called into action. By +what arguments the stern moralist would have endeavoured to justify +the deception, for it deserves no better name, is more than I can +undertake to decide, and I submit the query to his enthusiastic +admirers. + +To the dedications enumerated by the faithful Boswell, and by his +sharp-sighted editors, Malone and Croker, I have to announce on +_internal_ evidence, a gorgeous addition! It is the dedication to +Edward Augustus, Duke of York, of _An Introduction to Geometry_, by +William Payne, London: T. Payne, at the Mews Gate, 1767. quarto., 1768. +octavo. I transcribe it _literatim_. It wants no comment:-- + + "TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF YORK. + + "SIR, + + "They who are permitted to prefix the names of princes to + treatises of science generally enjoy the protection of a + patron, without fearing the censure of a judge. + + "The honour of approaching your royal highness has given + me many opportunities of knowing, that the work which I now + presume to offer will not partake of the usual security. + For as the knowledge which your royal highness has already + acquired of GEOMETRY extends beyond the limits of an + introduction. I expect not to inform you; I shall be happy + if I merit your approbation. + + "An address to such a patron admits no recommendation of the + science. It is superfluous to tell your royal highness that + GEOMETRY is the primary and fundamental art of life; that its + effects are extended through the principal operations of human + skill; that it conducts the soldier in the field, and the + seaman in the ocean; that it gives strength to the fortress, + and elegance to the palace. To your royal highness all this + is already known; GEOMETRY is secure of your regard, and your + opinion of its usefulness and value has sufficiently appeared, + by the condescension in which you have been pleased to honour + {260} one who has so little pretension to the notice of + princes, as + + "Sir, + "Your royal highnesses [sic]' + "Most obliged, + "Most obedient, + "And most humble servant, + "WILLIAM PAYNE." + +A short preface follows, which bears marks of reparation. It may have +received some touches from the same masterly hand. + +The _external_ evidence in favour of the ascription of the above piece +to Johnson, if slight in itself, is not devoid of significance. He had +dedicated a book for the same author, which book was also published by +Mr. Thomas Payne, who was his brother, in 1756. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + + * * * * * + +PLAGIARISMS, OR PARALLEL PASSAGES. NO. 2. + +[_CONTINUED FROM NO. 11. P. 163._] + + "Dans les premieres passions les femmes aiment l'amant; dans + les autres elles aiment l'amour."--La Rouchefoucauld, _Max._ + 494. + + "In her first passions woman loves her lover, + In all the others all she loves is love, + Which grows a habit she can ne'er get over, + And fits her loosely--like an easy glove," etc. + + _Don Juan_, canto iii. st. iii. + +There is no note on _this_ passage; but on the concluding lines of the +_very next_ stanza, + + "Although, no doubt, her first of love affairs + Is that to which her heart is wholly granted; + Yet there are some, they say, who have had _none_, + But those who have ne'er end with only _one_, + +we have the following editorial comment:--"These two lines are a +versification of a saying of Montaigne." (!!!) The saying is _not_ +by Montaigne, but by La Rochefoucauld:-- + + "On peut trouver des femmes qui n'ont jamais eu de galanterie; + mais il est rare d'en trouver qui n'en aient jamais eu + qu'une."--_Max._ 73. + +Byron borrows the same idea again:-- + + "Writing grows a habit, like a woman's gallantry. There are + women who have had no intrigue, but few who have had but one + only; so there are millions of men who have never written a + book, but few who have written only one."--_Observations upon + an Article in Blackwood's Magazine_; _Byron's Works_, vol. xv. + p. 87, Moore's Edition, 17 vols duod. London, 1833. + +Both the silence of the author, and the blunder of his editor, seem +to me to prove that _Les Maximes_ are not as _generally_ known and +studied as they deserve to be. + +MELANION. + + * * * * * + +ST. ANTHOLIN'S. + +Your correspondent MR. RIMBAULT (No. 12.) has made rather a grave +charge against my predecessors in office as churchwardens and +overseers of this parish; and although, I regret to say, such +accusations of unjust stewardship and dereliction of duty are +frequently and with justice imputed to some parish officers, yet I am +happy to be able, in this instance, to remove the stigma which would +otherwise attach to those of St. Antholin. The churchwardens' accounts +are in good preservation, and present (in an unbroken series) the +parish expenditure for nearly three centuries. + +Mr. Rimbault has doubtless been misled by some error in the +description of the MSS. in Mr. Thorpe's catalogue (as advertised by +him for sale), which were probably merely extracts from the original +records. + +The first volume commences with the year 1574, and finishes in 1708; +the accounts are all written at the time of their respective dates, +and regularly signed by the auditors then and there present as +correct. + +I have made numerous extracts from these interesting documents, +and _notes_ thereon, which I shall at some future time be happy to +lay before your readers, if you should consider them of sufficient +importance. + +As a voucher for what I have stated with regard to their existence, +and to give some idea of their general character, I have selected (at +random) a few items from the year 1580-1:-- + + "The Accompte of Henrie Jaye, Churchwarden of the Parishe of + St. Antholyne, from the feaste of the Anunciacon of our Ladye + in Anno 1580 unto the same feaste followinge in Anno 1581." + +Among the "receaittes" we have-- + + "R'd of Mr. Thorowgoode for an olde font stone, + by the consente of a vestrie v's iiij'd + + "R'd for the clothe of _bodkine_[11] y't Ser Roger + Marten hade before in keppinge, and now + sold by the consente of a vestry and our + mynnister iij'll vj's viij'd + +"The Payments as followithe:-- + + "P'd to the wife of John Bakone _gwder_ of the + Lazer cotte at Myle End[12] in full of her due {261} + for keppinge of Evan Redde y't was Mr. + Hariots mane till his departtur and for his + Shete and Burialle as dothe apere xl's viij'd + + "P'd for makinge of the Longe pillowe & the + pulpit clothe ij's + + "P'd for a yard and a nale of fustane for the same + pillowe xvj'd + + "P'd for silke to the same pillowe xvj'd + + "P'd for xj'li of fethers for the same pillowe, at + v'd iiij's vij'd + + "P'd for brede and beer that day the quen cam + in xij'd + + "P'd for candells and mendinge the _baldrocke_[13] vj'd + + "P'd for paynttinge y'e stafe of the survayer iij'd + + "P'd for mendynge the lytell bell iij's + + "Pd to Mr. Sanders for the yearly rent of the + Laystall and skowringe the _harnes_[14] for + his yer iij's viij'd + + "P'd to Mr. Wright for the makinge of the Cloke[15] + mor than he gatheride, agred one at the laste + vestrie xvij's + + "P'd to Peter Medcalfe for mending the Cloke + when it neade due at o'r Ladies Daye laste + past in Anno 1581 iij's + + "P'd for entringe this account xx'd." + +W.C., JUNIOR, + +Overseer of St. Antholin, 1850. + + [11] _Brodekine_. A richly-gilt stuff. + + [12] It appears from an entry in the preceding year, that this + man was first sent to "Sentt Thomas Spittell in Soughwork," when + it was discovered that he was afflicted with the leprosy, or some + cutaneous disease, and immediately removed to the Lazar-house at + Mile End, it being strictly forbidden that such cases should + remain in the hospitals. These lazar-houses were built away from + the town; one was the Lock Hospital, in Southwark; one at + Kingsland, another at Knightsbridge, and that mentioned above + between Mile End and Stratford. The laws were very strict in the + expulsion of leprous people from the city; and if they attempted + to force their way into the hospitals, they were bound fast to + horses, and dragged away to the lazar-houses. + + [13] The _baldricke_ was the garter and buckle by means of + which the clapper was suspended inside the bell. + + [14] _Harnes_, or armour, which perhaps hung over some of the + monuments in the church. + + [15] It was about this time that clocks began to be generally + used in churches (although of a much earlier invention); and in + subsequent years we have several items of expenditure connected + with that above mentioned. In 1595:-- + + "Paid for a small bell for the _watche_ iiij's + + "Paid to the smith for Iron worke to it xx'd + + "Paid for a waight for the Clocke wayinge + 36'lb and for a ringe of Iron v's." + + Still, however, the hour-glass was used at the pulpit-desk, to + determine the length the parson should go in his discourse; and + xij'd for a new hour-glass frequently occurs. + + * * * * * + +QUERIES. + +COLLEGE SALTING. + +Mr. Editor.--If your very valuable work had existed in October, 1847, +when I published in the _British Magazine_ a part of Archibishop +Whitgift's accounts relative to his pupils while he was Master of +Trinity College, Cambridge, I should certainly have applied to you +for assistance. + +In several of the accounts there is a charge for the pupil's +"salting;" and after consulting gentlemen more accurately informed +with regard to the customs of the university than myself, I was +obliged to append a note to the word, when it occurred for the first +time in the account of Lord Edward Zouch, in which I said, "I must +confess my inability to explain this word; and do not know whether it +may be worth while to state that, on my mentioning it to a gentleman, +once a fellow-commoner of the college, he told me, that when, as a +freshman, he was getting his gown from the maker, he made some remark +on the long strips of sleeve by which such gowns are distinguished, +and was told that they were called 'salt-bags,' but he could not learn +why; and an Oxford friend tells me, that going to the buttery to +drink salt and water was part of the form of his admission.... This +nobleman's (i.e. Lord Edward Zouch's) amounted to 4s., and that of the +Earl of Cumberland to 3s. 4d., while in other cases it was as low as +8d." To this I added the suggestion that it was probably some fee, +or expense, which varied according to the rank of the parties. It +afterwards occurred to me that this "salting" was, perhaps, some +entertainment given by the new-comer, from and after which he ceased +to be "fresh;" and that while we seem to have lost the "salting" both +really and nominally, we retain the word to which it has reference. + +Be this as it may, my attention has just now been recalled to the +question by my accidentally meeting with one of Owen's epigrams, which +shows that in his time there was some sort of salting at Oxford, and +also of peppering at Winchester. As I doubt not that you have readers +well acquainted with the customs of both these seats of learning, +perhaps some may be good enough to afford information. Owen was at +Oxford not many years after Whitgift had been Master of Trinity at +Cambridge, if (as Wood states) he took his bachelor's degree in 1590. +The epigram is as follows:-- + + "Oxoniae salsus (juvenis tum) more vetusto; + Wintoniaeque (puer tum) piperatus eram. + Si quid inest nostro piperisve salisve libello, + Oxoniense sal est, Wintoniense piper." + +It is No. 64 in that book of epigrams which Owen inscribed "Ad Carolum +Eboracensem, fratrem Principis, filium Regis," p. 205, edit. Elz, +1628. 12mo. I give this full reference in order to express my most +hearty sympathy with the righteous indignation of my highly respected +friend, your correspondent "L.S." (No. 15 p. 230.), against imperfect +references. I do not, however, agree with him in thinking it fortunate +that he is not a "despotic monarch;" on the contrary, now that I have +not to take up verses, or construe Greek to him, I should like it of +all things; and I am sure the world would be much the better for it. + +S.R. MAITLAND. + +Gloucester, Feb. 18. 1850. + + * * * * * + +A FEW DODO QUERIES. + +The discovery and speedy extinction of that extraordinary bird the +DODO, belongs rather to {262} human history than to pure zoology, and +I therefore hope that a few Queries relating to this curious subject +will be admissible into your publication. I have already, in the work +entitled _The Dodo and its Kindred_, and in the Supplementary notices +inserted last year in the _Annals and Magazine of Natural History_ +(ser. 2. vol. iii. pp. 136, 259; vol. iv. p. 335), endeavoured to +collect together the _omne scitum_ of the Dodo-history, but I am +satisfied that the _omne scibile_ is not yet attained. + +_Query I._--Is there any historical record of the first discovery of +Mauritius and Bourbon by the Portuguese? These islands bore the name +of _Mascarenhas_ as early as 1598, when they were so indicated on one +of the De Bry's maps. Subsequent compilers state that they were thus +named after their Portuguese discoverer, but I have not succeeded in +finding any notice of them in the histories of Portuguese expeditions +to the East Indies which I have consulted. The only appartently +authentic indication of their discovery, that I am aware of, is the +pillar bearing the name of John III. of Portugal, and dated 1545, +which is stated by Leguat, on Du Quesne's authority, to have been +found in Bourbon by Flacour, when he took possession of the island +in 1653. + +_Query II_.--It appears from Leguat's _New Voyage to the East Indies_, +London, 1708, pp. 2, 37., that the Marquis Du Quesne, being desirous +of sending out a colony from Holland to the Isle of Bourbon in 1689 or +1690, published (probably in Dutch) an account of that Island, with a +view of inducing emigrants to go thither. I should be greatly obliged +if any of your readers can tell me the title, date, and place of +publication of this book, and where a copy of it is to be seen or +procured. + +_Query III_.--Are there in existence any original oil-paintings of +the Dodo by Savery or any other artist, besides the five described in +the _Dodo and its Kindred_--viz., the one at the Hague, at Berlin, +at Vienna, at the British Museum, and at Oxford? And are there any +original engravings of this bird, besides that in De Bry, in Clusius, +in Van den Broecke, in Herbert, in Bontekoc, and in Bontius, of all +which I have published fac-similes? + +_Query IV_.--Are there any _original_ authors who mention the Dodo +as a living bird, besides Van Neck, Clusius, Heemskerk, Willem van +West-Zanen, Matelief, Van der Hagen, Verhuffen, Van den Broecke, +Bontekoe, Herbert, Cauche, Lestrange, and Benjamin Harry? Or any +authority for the _Solitaire_ of Rodriguez besides Leguat and +D'Heguerty; or for the Dodo-like birds of Bourbon besides Castelton, +Carre Sieur D.B., and Billiard? + +_Query V_--In Rees' _Cyclopaeia_, article BOURBON, we are told that +in that island there is "a kind of large bat, denominated _l'Oiseau +bleu_, which are skinned and eaten as a great delicacy." Where did the +compiler of the article pick up this statement? + +_Query VI_.--Is there in existence any figure, published or +unpublished, of the Dodo-like bird which once inhabited the Isle of +Bourbon? + +_Query VII_--What is the derivation or meaning of the words _Dodaers_ +and _Dronte_, as applied to the Dodo? + +_Query VIII_.--Sir Hamon Lestrange has recorded that about 1638 he +saw a living Dodo exhibited in London. (See _Sloane MSS_. 1839, v. p. +9. in Brit. Mus.; Wilkin's ed. of _Sir T. Browne's Works_, vol. i. p. +369.; vol. ii, p. 173.; _The Dodo and its Kindred_, p. 22.) Is there +any contemporary notice extant in print or in MS. which confirms this +statement? A splendidly bound copy of _The Dodo and its Kindred_ will +be given to any one who can answer this query affirmatively. + +_Query IX_.--In Holme's _Academy of Armory and Blazou_, Chester, 1688, +p. 289, we find a Dodo figured as an heraldic device, a fac-simile of +which is given in the _Annals of Natural History_, 2nd series, vol. +iii. p. 260. The author thus describes it: "He beareth Sable a _Dodo_ +or _Dronte_ proper. By the name of _Dronte_. This exotic bird doth +equal a swan in bigness," &c. &c. Now I wish to ask, where did this +family of _Dronte_ reside? Is anything known concerning them? How did +they come by these arms? and are any members of the family now living? + +_Query X._--From a passage in the _Histoire de l'Academie Royale des +Sciences_, 1776, p. 37, it appears that Pingre the French astronomer, +published, or at least wrote, a relation of his voyage to Rodriguez, +in which he speaks of _Solitaires_. Is this the fact? and if so, what +is the title of his work? + +H.E. STRICKLAND. + + * * * * * + +ON PASSAGES IN COLERIDGE'S CHRISTADEL AND BYRON'S LARA. TABLET TO +NAPOLEON. + +I am one of those who look upon the creations of our great poets as +deserving illustration almost as much as actual history; and I am +always distressed when I meet with passages representing events with +respect to which I cannot make up my mind as to what the author meant, +or intended his readers to believe. Two of these occur to me at this +moment, and I shall be much obliged by any of your correspondents +giving, in your pages, brief replies to my queries, or referring me +to any published works where I may find their solution. + +1. What did Coleridge mean to represent or imply in his tale of +_Christabel_? Who or what was Geraldine? What did Christabel see in +her, at times, so unutterably horrible? What is meant by "the ladye +strange" making Christabel _carry_ her over the sill of the portal? +&c., &c. {263} + +2. What does Byron mean us to infer that Lara _saw_ in his hall that +midnight, when he so alarmed his household with + + "A sound, a voice, a shriek, a fearful call, + A long loud shriek--and silence."? + +The poet, it is true, seems to refuse, purposely, to let his readers +into the truth, telling them:-- + + "Whate'er his frenzy dream'd or eye beheld, + If yet remember'd, ne'er to be reaveal'd, + Rests at his heart." + +But still, I conceive there can be no doubt that _he knew the truth_ +(I speak as of realities), --knew what he intended to represent by so +full and elaborate a delineation of a scene. And it is the author's +meaning and intention that I wish to come at. + +I will ask one more question relative to this magnificent poem +(which I don't think has had justice done it by the critics), but +one respecting which I hardly think there can be any doubt as to the +author's secret meaning:--Is not the _Kaled_ of _Lara_ the _Gulnare_ +of the _Giaour_? + +Before concluding, I will add a query on a very different subject. + +3. Many of your readers have, doubtless, seen the large marble tablet +erected by the Vallaisians in honour of Napoleon, in the Convent of +the Great St. Bernard. A recent traveller in Switzerland (Dr. Forbes) +has, I find, noticed the inscription, and questioned, as I had +done, both its meaning and Latinity. I extract this author's note as +expressing exactly the point on which I desiderate information:-- + + "Having doubts both as to the precise meaning and lingual + purity of the compound epithet _Bis Italicus_, here applied + to Napoleon, I subjoin the passage in which it occurs, for the + judgement of the learned:-- + + 'NAPOLEONI ... AEGYPTIACO BIS ITALICO SEMPER INVICTO ... GRATA + RESPUBLICA.'"--_A Physician's Holiday_, p. 468. + +EMDEE. + +Athenaeum, January 26. 1850. + + * * * * * + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Howkey or Horkey._-- Can anybody explain the etymology of the +word _Howkey_ or _Horkey_, generally used to denote a harvest-home +merriment in our eastern counties? Forbes speaks of it as an +intractable word, and neither he nor Sir J. Cullum have succeeded +in explaining it satisfactorily. + +BRAYBROOKE. + +Audley End, Feb. 16. + + +_Lord Bacon's Metrical Version of the Psalms._--The answer in No. 15. +p. 235. to A CORNISHMAN'S Query (No. 13. p. 202) respecting "Bacon's +Metrical Version of the Psalms," suggests another query. The work in +question was a mere "exercise of sickness;" it contains only seven +psalms (the 1st, 12th, 90th, 104th, 126th, 137th, and 149th), and is, +without pretension of any kind, a very proper diversion for a mind +that could not be inactive and yet required rest; and very good verses +for a man unpractised in metrical composition. The _Collection of +Apophthegms_ (also a recreation in sickness), though considerably +larger and altogether weightier, was considered so trifling a work +that Dr. Rawley, in his "perfect list of his Lordship's true works, +&c.," appended to the first edition of the _Resuscitatio_ (1657), +either forgot or did not think fit to mention it. Yet both these +trifles were not only written but _published_, by Bacon himself the +year before his death--a thing quite contrary to his practice; for +though he had written and carefully preserved and circulated in +manuscript so much, he had till then published nothing that was not +of the weightiest and most solid kind. Can any of your correspondents +inform me how much two such books may possibly have been _worth_ to +a publisher in the year 1625; being works of low price and popular +character, proceeding from an author of great name? How much is +it reasonable to suppose that a publisher may have given for the +copyright? or how far may it have gone towards the payment of a +bookseller's bill? + +J.S. + +Feb. 7. 1850. + + +_Treatise of Equivocation._--I shall feel happy if, through your +very opportune medium, I can obtain some information respecting a +very extraordinary and mysterious book, as to its existence, local +habitation, and any other _material_ circumstance, which has the title +of _A Treatise of Equivocation._ The first recognition of the work is +in the _Relation of the Proceedings in the Trial for the Powder Plot_, +1604. At signat. I. the Attourney-General, Sir E. Coke, appeals to it, +and affirms that it was allowed by the Archpriest Blackwel, and that +the title was altered to _A Treatise against Lying and Fraudulent +Dissimulation_. He proceeds to describe some of its contents, as +if he were himself acquainted with the book. Thomas Morton, Bishop +of Lichfield, and Coventry, afterwards of Durham, in his _Full +Satisfaction concerning a double Romish Iniquitie; Rebellion and +Equivocation_, 1606, refers to the work as familiarly acquainted +with it. (See Ep. Dedic. A. 3.; likewise pages 88 & 94.) He gives +the authorship to Creswell or Tresham. He refers likewise to a Latin +work entitled _Resolutio Casuum_, to the same effect, possibly a +translation, to which he subjoins the names of Parsons and Allen. +Robert Abbot, in his _Antilogia_, 1613, pp. 13, 14. emphatically and +at length produces the same book and facts; but they are merely copied +from the _Relation_ of the Powder-treason Trial. Henry Mason, in his +most satisfactory work, _The New Art of Lying, &c._, 1624, has spoken +of the {264} _Treatise_ with the same familiarity (see p. 51.), and +elsewhere, if my memory does not deceive me. Dodd, in his _Church +history_,--when will the new edition begin to move again? Can +Stonyhurst tell?--ascribes the work to Tresham. Hardly any of the +similar works in these times belong to _one_ author. It may just be +added, that Parson's _Mitigation_ contains, perhaps, all the substance +of the Roman equivocation, with not much reserve or disguise. It was +published in answer to Bishop Morton's work in 1607. Foulis has, of +course, substantially all the above, but nothing more. + +Now, the questions which I want to have solved are these:--Was the +book ever extant in MS. Or print? Is it now extant, and where? Who +has seen a copy? What is its size, date, and extent? Has the Durham +Cathedral Library, in particular, a copy? Mr. Botfield might have +informed us. In fact, where is any effectual intelligence of the +fugitive to be found? + +J.M. + +Feb. 8. 1850. + + * * * * * + + +REPLIES. + +ETYMOLOGY OF "ARMAGH." + +Some of your correspondents have taken up the not unnatural idea, that +the last syllable of the word "Armagh" is identical with the Celtic +word _magh_, a plain. But there are two objections to this. In the +first place, the name is never spelt in Irish _Armagh_, nor even +_Ardmagh_, but always ARDMACHA. _Ardmagh_ or _Armagh_ is only the +anglicised spelling, adapted to English tongues and ears. It is +therefore clearly absurd to take this corrupt form of the word as +our _datum_, in the attempt to search for its etymology. Secondly, +the Irish names of places which are derived from, or compounded of, +_magh_, a plain, are always anglicised, _moy, moi, mow_, or _mo_, +to represent the pronunciation: as Fermoy, Athmoy, Knockmoy, Moira, +Moyagher, Moyaliffe (or Me-aliffe, as it is now commonly spelt), +Moville, Moyarta, and thousands of other cases. And those who are +acquainted with the Irish language will at once tell, by the ear, that +_Armagh_, as the word is pronounced by the native peasantry, even by +those who have lost that language (as most of them in that district +now have), could not be a compound of _magh_, a plain. + +The work of M. Bullet, quoted by your correspondent "HERMES," is full +of ignorant blunders similar to that which he commits, when he tells +us that Armagh in compounded of "_Ar_, article, and _mag_, ville." +The article, in Irish, is _An_, not _ar_; and _mag_ does not signify +a town. He adopts, your readers will perceive, the modern English +spelling, which could not lead to a correct result, even if M. Bullet +had been acquainted with the Celtic languages. The same remark applies +to the explanation given by the author of _Circles of Gomer_. _Ard_, +not _Ar_, is the word to be explained; and therefore, even though _Ar_ +and _Ararat_ meant, as he tells us, "earth, country, or upon and on +the earth," this would throw no light on the etymology of ARD_macha_. + +"HIBERNICUS" (No. 14. p. 217.) is partly right and partly wrong; he +adopts the anglicised spelling of the second syllable, although he +seems aware that the first syllable ought to be _Ard_; and he admits +also that this word is a substantive, signifying a _height_, not the +adjective _high_. "A high plain," in Irish, would be, not Ardmagh, +or Ardmoy (as it would have been anglicised), but _Magh-ard_ (Anglice +_Moyard_). Great light will be thrown on the whole subject of the +etymology of Irish typographical names, when the Index to my friend +Mr. O'Donovan's edition of the _Annals of the Four Masters_ makes its +appearance. + +I may add too, in conclusion, that Camden is wrong in suggesting that +_Armach_ (as he spells it, retaining, curiously enough, the correct +etymology of the last syllable) is identical with _Dearmach_ (where +the last syllable ought to be _magh_). This latter place is the +well-known Durrow, in the county Westmeath; and its name, in Irish, +is _Duir-magh_, which is really a compound from _magh_, a plain. Bede +tells us, that the word signified, in the Scottish language, _Campus +roborum_ (see Bede, _Hist. Eccl._ lib. iii. c. 4.); but Adamson (_Vit. +Columbae_, c. 39.) more correctly translates it, "monasterium _Roboreti +Campi_." It is not likely that such authorities could confound Durrow, +in Westmeath, with the ecclesiastical metropolis of Ireland, and +patriarchal see of St. Patrick. + +Whoever the Mach or Macha was from whom Ardmacha has its name +(whether the queen called Macha-mong-ruadh, whose reign is assigned +by O'Flaherty to A.M. 3603, or the older Macha, who is said to be the +wife of Nemedius), it should be borne in mind, that the word whose +etymology is required is ARDMACHA[16], and not _Armagh._ What would +be thought of the critic who would now attempt to investigate the +etymology of the English word _bishop_, by dividing it into two +syllables, and seeking analogies in sound for each syllable. + +I have ventured to go at greater length into this matter than its +importance may seem to warrant, because it illustrates so clearly a +very general error, from which Celtic literature has deeply suffered, +of inventing fanciful etymologies adapted to the modern English +spellings, instead of the original Celtic forms of names; and this +error, as the question before us proves, is as old as Camden's time, +and older. + +J.H. TODD. + +Trin. Coll. Dublin, Feb. 2, 1850. + + [16] Those who have access to Colgan's _Acta Sanctorum + Hiberniae_ will see that he always spells Armagh, _Ardmacha_; + and Durrow, _Durmugia_. + + * * * * *{265} + +WILLIAM BASSE AND HIS POEMS. + +I read with great pleasure MR. COLLIER'S interesting paper on "William +Basse and his Poems," inserted in your 13th Number. Very little is +known of this once popular poet, but it is very desirable that that +little should be collected together, which cannot be better effected +than through the friendly system of inter-communication established by +your valuable journal. + +From my limited researches upon this subject, it appears that there +were two poets of the name of William Basse. Anthony Wood (_Athen. +Oxon._, edit. Bliss. iv. 222.) speaks of one William Basse, of +Moreton, near Thame, in Oxfordshire, who was some time a retainer +of Lord Wenman, of Thame Park, i.e. Richard Viscount Wenman, in the +peerage of Ireland. And I find among my MS. biographical collections +that a William Basse, of Suffolk, was admitted a sizar of Emanuel +College, Cambridge, in 1629. A.B. 1632, and A.M. in 1636. The William +Basse who wrote _Great Brittaines Sunnes-set_ in 1613, was also the +author of the MS. collection of poems entitled _Polyhymnia_, mentioned +by MR. COLLIER. In proof of this it is merely necessary to notice +the dedication of the former "To his Honourable Master, Sir Richard +Wenman, Knight," and the verses and acrostics in the MS. "To the Right +Hon. the Lady Aungier Wenman, Mrs. Jane Wenman, and the truly noble, +vertuous, and learned Lady, the Lady Agnes Wenman." Basse's Poems +were evidently intended for the press, but we may conjecture that the +confusion of the times prevented them from appearing. Thomas Warton, +in his _Life and Literary Remains of Ralph Bathurst, M.D._, has a copy +of verses by the Dr. "To Mr. W. Basse, upon the intended publication +of his Poems, January 13, 1651;" to which the learned editor adds, "I +find no account of this writer or his poems." The whole consists of +forty-four verses, from which I extract the beginning and the end:-- + + Basse, whose rich mine of wit we here behold + As porcelain earth, more precious, 'cause more old; + Who, like an aged oak, so long hath stood, + And art religion now as well as food: + Though thy grey Muse grew up with elder times, + And our deceased grandsires lisp'd thy rhymes; + Yet we can sing thee too, and make the lays + Which deck thy brow look fresher with thy praise. + * * * * * + Though these, your happy births, have silent past + More years than some abortive wits shall last; + He still writes new, who once so well hath sung: + That Muse can ne'er be old, which ne'er was young." + +These verses are valuable as showing that Basse was living in 1651, +and that he was then an aged man. The Emanuelian of the same name, who +took his M.A. degree in 1636, might possibly be his son. At any rate, +the latter was a poet. There are some of his pieces among the MSS. in +the Public Library, Cambridge; and I have a small MS. volume of his +rhymes, scarcely soaring above mediocrity, which was presented to me +by an ancient family residing in Suffolk. + +A poem by William Basse is inserted in the _Annalia Dubrensia_, 1636, +in praise of Robert Dover and his revival of the Cotswold Games; but +it is not clear to which of these poets we may ascribe it. Malone +attributes two rare volumes to one or other of these poets. The first, +a translation or paraphrase of Juvenal's tenth satire, entitled _That +which seems Best is Worst_, 12mo., 1617; the second, "A Miscellany of +Merriment," entitled _A Helpe to Discourse_, 2nd edit. 8vo., 1620: +but the former is more probably the work of William Barkstead. I may +mention that a copy of Basse's _Sword and Buckler, or Serving Man's +Defence_, 1602, is among Malone's books in the Bodleian. + +Izaac Walton speaks of William Basse, "one that hath made the choice +songs of the _Hunter in His Career_, and of _Tom of Bedlam_, and many +others of note." The ballad mentioned by MR. COLLIER, "Maister Basse +his Career, or the Hunting of the Hare," is undoubtably the one +alluded to by Walton. I may add, that it is printed in _Wit and +Drollery_, edit. 1682. p. 64.; and also in _Old Ballads_, 1725, vol. +iii. p. 196. The tune is contained in the _Shene MS._, a curious +collection of old tunes in the Advocate's Library, Edinburgh; and a +ballad entitled _Hubert's Ghost_, to the tune of _Basse's Carrier_, is +preserved among the Bagford Collection of Old Ballads in the British +Museum. With regard to the second ballad mentioned by Walton, our +knowledge is not so perfect. Sir John Hawkins in a note (_Complete +Angler_, 5th edit. p. 73.) says:-- + + "This song, beginning-- + 'Forth from my dark and dismal cell,' + + with the music to it, set by Hen. Lawes, is printed in a book, + entitled _Choice Ayres, Songs and Dialogues, to sing to the + Theorbo Lute, and Bass Viol_, folio. 1675, and in Playfield's + _Antidote against Melancholy_, 8vo. 1669, and also in Dr. + Percy's _Reliques of Ancient English Poetry_, vol. ii. p. 350; + but in the latter with a mistake in the last line of the third + stanza, of the word _Pentarchy_ for _Pentateuch_." + +A copy of the _Choice Ayres_, 1675, is now before me, but Henry +Lawes's name does not appear to the song in question. Sir John has +evidently made a mistake; the air of _Mad Tom_ was composed by John +Cooper, alias _Giovanni Coperario_, for one of the Masques perfomed +by the Gentlemen of Gray's Inn. (See _The English Dancing Master_, +1651, in the British Museum, and Additional MS. 10,440, in the same +repository.) With regard to the ballad itself, there is an early copy +(of the latter part of the sixteenth century) {266} preserved in the +Harleian MSS., No. 7332, fol. 41. It purports to have been + + "Written (i.e. transcribed) be Feargod Barebone, who being + at many times idle and wanting employment, wrote out certain + songs and epigrams, with the idea of mending his hand in + writing." + +There is another copy among Malone's MSS. in the Bodleian (No. 16. p. +55.), where it is entitled _A new Tom of Bedlam_. But I contend there +is no evidence to show that this is the ballad alluded to by Walton; +none of the copies having the name of the author. We have two other +songs (probably more) bearing the same title of _Tom of Bedlam_; one +beginning, "From the top of high Caucasus;" the other commencing, +"From the hag and hungry goblin;" either of which are quite as likely +to have been intended as that mentioned above. + +It still remains a question, I think, which of the two Basses was +the author of the ballads mentioned by Walton. But I have already +trespassed so long upon your valuable space that I will leave the +further consideration of the subject until a future period: in the +meantime, perhaps some of your correspondents may be enabled to +"illuminate our darkness" upon the various knotty points. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +BEAVER HATS--PISAN. + +Allow me to say a few words in reply to your correspondent "GASTROS." +His quotation from Fairholt (_Costume in England_), who cites +Stubbes's _Anatomy of Abuses_ as the earliest authority for the use +of beaver hats in England, is not a satisfactory reply to my query; +inasmuch as I am aware that beaver hats were occasionally worn by +great people in this country some centuries before Stubbes was born. +For example, Henry III. possessed "unum capellum de Bevre cum apparatu +auri et lapidibus preciosis;" as appears from the "Wardrobe Account," +of the 55th year of his reign. I have, therefore, still to ask for +the _earliest_ instance of the use of hats or caps of this material +in England; such hats, as well as gloves, are mentioned in several +English inventories made between the thirteenth and sixteenth +centuries. Is there any example earlier than the time of Henry III.? + +"GASTROS" has also obligingly replied to my query as to "the meaning +of the term _Pisan_, used in old records for some part of defensive +armour," but he seems to have forgotten that I expressly stated that +term had no relation to "the fabrics of Pisa;" at least such is my +belief. With regard to the inventory of the arms and armour of Louis +le Hutin, taken in 1316, printed in Meyrick's _Ancient Armour_, to +which he kindly refers me, it may be observed that the said inventory +is so perversely translated in the first edition of that work (just +now I have no means of consulting the second), as to be all but +useless; indeed it might be termed one of the most extraordinary +literary performances of modern times, as the following instance +may suffice to show. One of the items of the inventory is, "une cote +gamboisee a arbroissiaus d'or broudees a chardonereus;" and it is thus +rendered into English, "a gamboised coat with a rough surface (like +a thicket;--_note_) of gold embroidered on the nap of the cloth!" +The real signification is "a gamboised coat embroidered in gold, +with little bushes (or trees), with gold-finches [on them]." But I +am rather wandering from my point: I never could ascertain on what +authority Sir Samuel Meyrick asserted that "jazeran armour," as +he calls it, was formed of "overlapping plates." The French word +_jazeran_ was derived from the Italian _ghiazarino_, or _ghiazzerino_, +which signified "a gorget of mail," or what some of our antiquaries +have termed "a standard of mail;" in France this word always preserved +its relation to mail, and in process of time came to be applied to +so lowly an object as a flagon-chain: see Cotgrave's _Fr. Dict._ ed. +1673. Roquefort, indeed, says a "jaserans" was a cuirass, but to +my apprehension the passage which he quotes from the _Roman +d'Alexandre_-- + + "Es haubers, _jazerans_, et es elmes gemez"-- + +seems to prove that, in that instance at least, a gorget is meant. +At any rate, the translation of the passage in the inventory to which +"GASTROS" refers should be, "three Pisan collerets of steel mail," not +that given by Meyrick. Here we have clearly a fabric of Pisa: whereas +the _pisan_, of which I desire to know the meaning, invariable occurs +as an independent term, e.g. "_item, unum pisanum_," or "_unum par +pisanorum_." Of course I have my own conjecture on the subject, but +should be glad to hear other opinions; so I again put the question to +your correspondents. In conclusion I would observe to "GASTROS" that +they must be _very_ late MSS. indeed in which such a contraction as +_pisan_ for _partisan_ can be found. If you have room, and think it +worth while, I will from time to time send you some corrections of the +more flagrant errors of Meyrick. + +T. HUDSON TURNER. + + * * * * * + +REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. + +_Norman Pedigrees_. In reference to your correspondent "B.'s" +inquiries, he will find much information in the Publications de +la Societe des Antiquaires de Normandie. Under their auspices, M. +Estancelin published in 1828 a full history of the Earls of Eu. I am +not aware of any full collection of pedigrees of the companions of +William the Conqueror: the names of several of the lands from which +they took their designations yet remain. + +W. DURRANT COOPER. + +{267} + + +_Norman Pedigrees._--In answer to "B.'s" query (No. 14. p. 214.), +an excellent Gazetteer was published in Paris, 1831, entitled +_Dictionnaire Complet Geographique, Statistique, et Commercial de la +France et de ses Colonies; par M. Briand-de-Verze_, pp. 856. Many of +the names of the Conqueror's Norman companions will be found in that +work; as, for instance, Geoffrey de "_Mandeville_, village. Calvados +arrondissement, 311/2 O.N.O. de Bayeaux," &c. + +Norman de _Beauchamp_: three Beauchamps are mentioned; that 51. from +Avranches will be the one in question. + +C.I.R. + +Oxford, Feb. 19. 1850. + + +_Norman Pedigrees._--Your correspondent "B." (No. 14. p. 214.) would +probably find part of the information he seeks in _Domesday Book, seu +Censualis Willelmi Primi Regis Angliae_. But query? Is "B." right in +supposing the prefix "De" to be _French_? Does it not rather originate +in the _Latin_? + +"Domesday" is written in Latin throughout; and the "de," denoting the +place, is there occasionally followed by what seems to be the Latin +ablative case. I copy an example:-- + + "Canonici de Hansone ten. l. hida de Sansone," (i.e. loc. in + co. Stafford.) + +Then of the person it is said-- + + "Sanson ten. de rege, &c.... iii. hid. trae in Hargedone," &c. + +J.S. + + +_Translation of AElian._--In answer to the query of "G.M." in No. 15. +p. 232., I beg to state that in Lowndes's _Manual_, vol. i. p. 13., is +the following notice under the head of "AElianus Claudius:"-- + + "Various Histories translated by T. Stanley, London, 1665, + 8vo. 5s. This translation is by the son of the learned editor + of AEschylus, and was reprinted 1670. 1677." + +C.I.R. + + +_Ave Trici and Gheeze Ysenoudi._--I regret that I cannot give "H.L.B." +any further information about these ladies than the colophon I +transcribed affords. To me, however, it is quite clear that they were +sisters of some convent in Flanders or Holland; the name of their +spiritual father, Nicolas Wyt, and the names of the ladies, clearly +indicate this. + +S.W.S. + + +_Daysman_ (No. 12. p. 188.)-- It seems to me that a preferable +etymology may be found to that given by Nares and Jacob. The arbiter +or judge might formerly have occupied a _dais_ or _lit de justice_, or +he might have been selected from those entitled to sit on the raised +parts of the courts of law, i.e. jurisconsulti, or barristers as we +call them. I have heard another etymology, which however I do not +favour, that the arbiter, chosen from men of the same rank as the +disputants, should be paid for loss of his day's work. + +GEORGE OLIVER. + + +Perhaps the following may be of some use in clearing up this point. +In the _Graphic Illustrator_, a literary and antiquarian miscellany +edited by E.W. Brayley, London, 1834, at p. 14, towards the end of +an article on the Tudor Style of Architecture, signed T.M. is the +following:-- + + "This room (talking of the great halls in old manor-houses) + was in every manor-house a necessary appendage for holding + 'the court,' the services belonging to which are equally + denominated 'the homage,' with those of the king's palace. The + _dais_, or raised part of the _upper end_ of the hall, _was + so called_, from the administration of justice. A _dais-man_ + is still a popular term for an arbitrator in the North, and + _Domesday-Book_ (with the name of which I suppose every one to + be familiar) is known to be a list of manor-houses." + +C.D. LAMONT. + +Greenock. + + [Our correspondents will probably find some confirmation of + their ingenious suggestion in the following passage from _The + Vision of Piers Ploughman_:-- + + "And at the day of dome + At the heighe deys sitte." + + Ll. 4898-9. ed. Wright.] + + +_Saveguard_.--"BURIENSIS" (No. 13. p. 202.) is informed that a +_saveguard_ was an article of dress worn by women, some fifty or sixty +years ago, over the skirts of their gowns when riding on horseback, +chiefly when they sat on pillions, on a _double horse_, as it was +called. + +It was a sort of outside petticoat, usually made of serge, +linsey-wolsey, or some other strong material: and its use was to +_guard_ the gown from injury by the dirt of the (then very dirty) +roads. It was succeeded by the well-known riding-habit; though I have +seen it used on a side-siddle by a rider who did not possess the more +modern dress. + +P.H.F. + + +Amongst the bequests to the Clothworkers' Company of London is one by +Barbara Burnell, by will dated 27th June, 1630, wherein she directs +the company to bestow 4l. 6s. yearly in woollen cloth to make six +waistcoats and six _safeguards_ for six poor women.[17] + +Also we find that John Skepworth, by will dated 17th Oct. 1678, gave +two closes of land to the parish of Louth, to the intent that the +churchwardens and overseers of the poor there should apply the rents +and profits of the same in providing so much coarse woollen cloth as +would make ten suits yearly to be given to ten poor people of Louth, +the men to have coats and breeches, and the women to have waistcoats +and _safeguards_.[18] {268} + +If "BURIENSIS" has a friend belonging to the Clothworkers' Company, it +is probable that he will acquire much information on this subject from +their old records. + +H. EDWARDS. + + [17] Reports from the Commissioners of Charities b. 235. 32nd + part 4.--696. + + [18] Ibid. + + +_Derivation of "Calamity"_ (No. 14. p. 215.)--"Calamity" is from +the Latin _calamitas_, from _calamus_ a straw or stalk of corn, +signifying, 1st, the agricultural misfortune of the corn being beaten +down or laid by a storm; and thence, any other trouble or disaster:-- + +"Ipsa egreditur nostri fundi _calamitas_." + +Ter. _Eun_. i. 1. + +Upon which the commentator in the Delph. ed. has this note:-- + + "_Calamitas_ est grando et tempestas, quae calamos segetum + prosternit et conterit. Unde Cicero Verrem vocat '_calamitosam + tempestatem_.'" + +Ainsworth, quoting the above passage from Terence, adds:-- + + "Ubi Donatus. Proprie _calamitatem_ rustici vocant quod + comminuat _calamum_; h.e. culmen et segetem." + +The etymology of its synonym, "_disaster_," is more direct--[Greek: +dhus hasthaer], a star of evil influence, or, as we say, "born under +an ill planet." + +[Greek: Philologos] + + +Forcellini, _s.v. Calamitas_, says:-- + + "Proprie significat imminutionem clademque calamorum segetis, + quae grandine vel impetuoso aliquo turbine aut alia quapiam de + causa fit." + +He then quotes Servius, _Ad Georg_, i. 151:-- + + "Robigo genus est vitii, quo culmi pereunt, quod a rusticanis + calamitas dicitur." + +Then follows the note of Donatus on Ter. _Eun_. i. 1. 34. + +It appears to me, if "_calamitas_" were derived from _calamus_, it +would mean something very different from what it does. + +Another suggestion is, that the first syllable is the same as the +root of _cad-o_, to fall; _l_ and _d_, everybody knows, are +easily interchangeable: as Odysseus, Ulixes: [Greek: dakruon], +_lacrima_, _tear_, &c. &c. If so, _calamitas_ is a corrupted form +of _cadamitas_. Mar. Victorinus, _De Orthogr_. p. 2456., says:-- + + "Gueius Pompeius Magnus et scribebat et dicebat _Kadamitatem_ + pro _Kalamitatem_."--(Quoted from Bothe's _Poetae_," _Scenici + Latinorum_, vol. v. p. 21.) + +But how is the -_amitas_ to be explained? I may as well add, +that Doederlein, with his usual felicity, derives it from [Greek: +kolouo]. + +EDWARD S. JACKSON. + + +I beg to refer MR. F.S. MARTIN (No. 14. p. 215.), for the derivation +of "Calamity," to the _Etymologicon Linguae Latinae_ of Gerard Vossius, +or to the _Totius Latinitatis Lexicon_ of Facciolatus and Forcellinus. +He will there find that the word _calamitas_ was first used with +reference to the storms which destroyed the stalks (_calami_) of corn, +and afterwards came to signify metaphorically, any severe misfortune. +The terrific hail-storm of the summer of 1843, which destroyed the +crops of corn through several of the eastern and midland counties of +this kingdom, was a _calamity_ in the original sense of the word. + +"W.P.P." has also kindly replied to this query by furnishing a part of +the Article on _Calamitas_ in Vossius; and "J.F.M." adds, _Calamitas_ +means-- + + "The spindling of the corn, which with us is rare, but in + hotter countries common: insomuch as the word _calamitas_ was + first derived from _calamus_, when the corn could not get out + of the stalk."--Bacon, _Nat. Hist_. sect. 669. + + +_Derivation of "Zero"_ (No. 14. p. 215.).--_Zero_ Ital.; Fr. _un +chiffre_, _un rien_, a cipher in arithmetic, a nought; whence the +proverb _avere nel zero, mepriser souverainement_, to value at +nothing, to have a sovereign contempt for. I do not know what the +etymology of the word may be; but the application is obvious to that +point in the scale of the thermometer below the numbered degrees to +which, in ordinary temperatures, the mercury does not sink. + +[Greek: Philologos] + +Deanery of Gloucester, Feb. 7. 1850. + + +"_Zero_" (No. 14. p. 215.)--_Zero_, as is well known, is an Italian +word signifying the arithmetical figure of nought (0). It has been +conjectured that it is derived from the transposition from the Hebrew +word _ezor_, a girdle, the zero assuming that form. (See Furetiere, +vol. iii.) Prof. le Moine, of Leyden (quoted by Menage), claims for +it also an Eastern origin, and thinks we have received it from the +Arabians, together with their method of reckoning ciphers. He suggests +that it may be a corruption from the Hebrew [Hebrew: rphs], _safara_, +to number. + + +_Complutensian Polyglot_.--I cannot pretend to reply to "MR. JEBB'S" +inquiry under this head in No. 12. p. 213.; but perhaps it may assist +him in his researches, should he not have seen the pamphlet, to refer +to Bishop Smallridge's "Enquiry into the Authority of the Primitive +Complutensian Edition of the New Testament, as principally founded on +the most ancient Vatican MS., together with some research after that +MS. In order to decide the dispute about 1 John v. 7. In a letter to +Dr. Bentley. 8vo. London, 1722." + +J.M. + +Oxford, Feb. 5. + + +_Sir William Rider_.--In reply to the queries of "H.F.," No. 12. p. +186., respecting Sir William Rider, I beg to say that among the many +MS. notes which I have collected relating to the Rider family, {269} +&c., I find the following from the _Visitation of Surry_, 1623, and +from a MS. book of _Pedigrees of Peers_ in the Herald's College, with +additions. + + "Thomas Rider married a daughter of ---- Poole of Stafforde, + by whom he had Sir William Rider, born at Muchalstone, co. + Stafforde, Sheriff of London, 1591, Citizen and Haberdasher, + Lord Mayor, 1600. Will dated 1 Nov., and proved 9 Nov. + 1610, 8 Jas. I. (94 Wood); buried at Low Layton, Essex, &c. + Sir William married Elizabeth, da. of R. Stone, of Helme, + co. Norfolk; by whom he had, besides other children and + descendants, Mary daughter and coheiress, who married Sir + Thomas Lake, of Canons, Middlesex, from whose issue descended + Viscount Lake." + +S.S. + + +_Pokership_ (No. 12. p. 185., and No. 14. p. 218.).--It is to be +regretted that no information has been supplied respecting the meaning +of this remarkable word, either from local sources or from the surveys +of crown lands in the Exchequer or Land Revenue offices. In one or the +other of these quarters we should surely find something which would +dispense with further conjecture. In the meantime the following facts, +obtained from records easily accessible, will probably be sufficient +to dispose of the explanations hitherto suggested, and to show that +the _poker_ of Bringwood forest was neither a _parker_ nor a _purser_. + +The offices conveyed to Sir R. Harley by James I. had been, before +his reign, the subject of crown grants, after the honor of Wigmore had +become vested in the crown by the merger of the earldom of March in +the crown. Hence, I find that in the act 13 Edward IV. (A.D. 1473), +for the resumption of royal grants, there is a saving of a prior grant +of the "office of keeper of oure forest or chace of Boryngwode," +and of the fees for the "kepyng of the Dikes within oure counte of +Hereford, parcelles of oure seid forest." (6 _Rot. Parl._ p. 94.) + +In a similar act of resumption, 1 Henry VII., there is a like saving +in favour of Thomas Grove, to whom had been granted the keepership of +Boryngwood chase in "Wigmoresland," and "the _pokershipp_ and keping +of the diche of the same." The _parkership_ of Wigmore Park is saved +in the same act. (6 _Rot. Parl._ p. 353 and 383.) + +In the first year of Henry VIII. there is a Receiver's Account of +Wigmore, in which I observe the following deductions claimed in +respect of the fees and salaries of officers:- + + "In feodo Thomae Grove, forestarii de Bringewod, + 6l. 1s. 6d. + -- ejusdem Thomae, fossat'de Prestwode dych, + 18d. + -- Edm. Sharp, parcarii parci de Wiggemour, + 6l. 1s. 6d. + -- Thomae Grove, pocar' omnium boscorum + in Wiggemourslonde 30s. 4d." + +There is another like account rendered in 23 & 24 Hen. VII. These, +and no doubt many other accounts and documents respecting the honor of +Wigmore and its appartenances, are among the Exchequer records, and +we are entitled to infer from them, firstly, that a _parcarius_ and a +_pocarius_ are two different offices; secondly, that, whether the duty +of the latter was performed on the dikes or in the woods of Boringwood +chase, the theory of Mr. Bolton Corney (pace cl. viri dixerim) is +very deficient in probability. If the above authorities had not fallen +under my notice, I should have confidently adopted the conjecture +of the noble Querist, who first drew attention to the word, and, +so far from considering the substitution of "poker" for "parker" +an improbable blunder of the copyist, I should have pronounced it +fortunate for the house of Harley that their founder had not been +converted into a porcarius or pig-driver. + +E. SMIRKE. + + +_Pokership_.--I had flattered myself that _Parkership_ was the real +interpretation of the above word, but I have once more doubts on +the subject. I this morning accidentally stumbled upon the word +"Porcellagium," which is interpreted in Ducange's _Glossary_, +"Tributum ex porcis seu porcellis." + +_Porcarius_ also occurs as _Porcorum custos_, and mention is made +of "Porcorum servitium quo quis porcos domini sui pascentes servare +tenetur." + +Now, considering how much value was formerly attached to the right +of turning out swine in wooded wastes, during the acorn season, it +seems probable that Sir R. Harley might be the king's "Porcarius," +or receiver of the money paid for an annual license to depasture hogs +in the royal forests; and, after all, _Porkership_ is as like to +_Pokership_ as _Parkership_, and one mistake would be as easily made +as the other. + +BRAYBROOKE. + +Audley End, Feb. 16. + + [We are enabled to confirm the accuracy of Lord Braybrooke's + conjecture as to _Pokership_ being the office conferred + upon Sir Robert Harley, inasmuch as we are in expectation of + receiving an account of the various forms of its name from + a gentleman who has not only the ability, but also peculiar + facilities for illustrating this and similar obscure terms.] + + +_Havior--Heavier or Hever_.-Supposed etymology of _Havior, Heavier_, +and _Hever_, as applied by park-keepers to an emasculated male +deer.--"NOTES AND QUERIES," (No. 15. p. 230.) + +Pennant, in his _British Zoology_, 8vo. edition, 1776, vol. i. p. +38., and 8vo. edition, 1812, vol. i. p. 45., under the article, +"Goat" says:-- + + "The meat of a castrated goat of six or seven years old, + (which is called _Hyfr_,) is reckoned the best; being + generally very sweet and fat. This makes an excellent pasty, + goes under the name of rock venison, and is little inferior + to that of the deer." + +As Pennant was a Welchman, a scholar and a {270} naturalist, he will +probably be considered good authority; and _Hyfr_, the most likely +origin of the altered terms of the deer park-keepers. + +The word occurs twice in page 61. vol. ii. of the _Sportsman's +Cabinet_, in the article on the Stag or Red Deer, where it is printed +_Heavier_; and it will be found also as _Hever_, in Mr. Jesse's +_Scenes and Tales of Country Life_, at page 349. + +WM. YARRELL. + +Ryder Street, St. James, Feb. 11. 1850. + + +Mr. Halliwell gives the words _haver_ and _havering_, in the same +sense as _havior_. Are not these words identical with _aver, averium_, +in the sense of cattle, tame beasts? _Averium_, from the old French, +_aveir_, i.e. _avoir_, originally meant any personal property; but +like _catalla_, chattels, it came to signify more particularly the +most important part of a peasant's possessions--namely, his live +stock. Thus, in the laws of William the Conqueror (Thorpe's _Ancient +Laws_, vol. ii. p. 469.), we find:-- + + "Si praepositus hundredi equos aut boves aut oves aut porcos + vel cujuscumque generis averia vagancia restare fecerit," &c. + +The word may naturally enough have been applied to deer reduced to the +state of tame and domesticated cattle. + +C.W.G. + + [TREBOR furnishes us with a reference to _Pegge's Anonymiana_, + who endeavours to show that the proper term is "halfer;" on + the same principle that an entire horse is spoken of, the word + being pronounced "haver" by those who call half "hafe," while + those who pronounce half with the open _a_ say "hauver:" while + J. Westby Gibson suggests that Havior is _Evir_, from the + Latin "_Eviro, Eviratus, Eviratio_," but admits that he can + give no authority for the use of _Evir_.] + + +_Sir W. Hamilton_ (No. 14. p. 216.).--Douglas says, that this Sir W. +Hamilton was not _son_, but grandson and brother of the 1st and 2nd +earls of Abercorn, his father having died _vita patris_. I therefore +doubt that the inscription has been miscopied. "He was," Douglas says, +"resident at Rome, on the part of the Queen Dowager;" but this could +hardly be the service alluded to. + +C. + + +_Dr. Johnson's Library_ (no. 14. p. 214.).--I have a copy of Dr. +Johnson's Sale Catalogue. The title is as follows: + + "A catalogue of the valuable Library of Books of the late + learned Samuel Johnson, Esq., LL.D., deceased, which will be + sold by auction (by Order of the Executors) by Mr. Christie, + at his Great Room in Pall Mall, on Wednesday, February 16. + 1785. and three following Days. To be viewed on Monday and + Tuesday preceding the Sale, which will begin each Day at 12 + o'Clock. Catalogues may be had as above." + +It is a Catalogue of 28 pages and 662 lots, of which 650 are books. +The twelve last are prints, chiefly "framed and glazed." The Catalogue +is very rare; there is not a copy in the British Museum, and Messrs. +Christie and Manson are without one. I may add, as your correspondent +is curious about Johnson's Library, that I have the presentation copy +to the Doctor of Twiss's _Travels in Spain_, with "the gift of the +Author" in Johnson's handwriting, immediately beneath Twiss's MS. +presentation. The Twiss was in Lot 284. + +PETER CUNNINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Etymology of "News_."--The word "news" is not derived, as many +suppose, from the adjective new, but from a practice that obtained +in newspapers of an early date, of prefixing to the title the letters +expressive of the cardinal points, thus:-- + + N. + E. W. + S. + +meaning that their intelligence was derived from all quarters of the +globe. This must, at any rate, be allowed as ingenious etymology. + +J.U.G. GUTCH. + + +THE GOLDEN AGE. + +(_FROM THE LATIN_.) + + Why "golden," when that age alone, we're told, + Was blest with happy ignorance of gold-- + More justly we our venal times might call + "The Golden Age," for gold is all in all. + +RUFUS. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell on Monday next two collections of +Autographs; the first consisting of Autograph Letters, the property +of a gentleman; which will be immediately followed by that belonging +to the late Mr. Rodd, and the extensive Correspondence of the late +William Upcott, Esq., comprising several thousand Autograph Letters. +Mr. Rodd's collection comprises many letters of great historical and +literary interest. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson will sell by auction on Friday, March the +8th, and seven following days, the extensive and very important Stock +of Books of Mr. James Carpenter, of Bond Street, who is retiring from +business. The characteristics of this fine collection are the numerous +books of prints and illustrated works which it contains, such as the +matchless Series of Piranesi's Works, being the dedication copy to +the king of Sweden: a copy of Boswell's _Life of Johnson_, in 8 vols. +{271} folio, illustrated with nearly six hundred Portraits and Views. + +We heard some time since that the long-established and +highly-respectable house of Payne and Foss, of Pall Mall, had +succeeded the late Mr. Rodd in the agency of purchasing for the +British Museum. The rumour proved to be unfounded, and now receives +a formal contradiction by the announcement that Messrs. Payne and +Foss are retiring from business, and that the first portion of their +extensive and valuable Stock of Books will be sold by auction by +Messrs. Sotheby and Co.; the first division in a ten days' sale, +commencing on the 18th and terminating on the 28th March; which will +be followed by the second division, which will also occupy ten days, +and commence on Monday the 8th April. The lovers of choice copies of +fine editions of first-class books will have, on this occasion, such +an opportunity of enriching their collections as rarely presents +itself. + +We have received the following Catalogues:-- + + "Number Two, for 1850, of John Miller's Catalogue of Books, + old and new, on sale at 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square." + + "Catalogue of curious and rare Books, recently purchased, now + on sale by George Bumstead, 205. High Holborn." + + "Catalogue (No. 5.) of Books, Theological and Miscellaneous, + and Catalogue (No. 6.) of Books, consisting chiefly of Foreign + Literature and Theology, on sale by Andrew Clark, No. 4. City + Road." + + "Cheap List of useful and curious Books relating to + Ecclesiastical History, Councils, Ceremonies, the Puritans, + &c., on sale by S. and I. Palmer, 24. Red Lion Street, + Holborn." + + "A List of Books, chiefly curious ones, now selling by Thomas + Kerslake, Bookseller, at No. 3. Park Street, Bristol." + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(_IN CONTINUATION OF LISTS IN FORMER NOS._) + + +HIERONYMUS MAGIUS DE TINTINABILIS. 12mo. 1608 and 1664. + +A. STOCKFLEET DE CAMPANARUM USU. + +REIMANU'S DISSERTATIO DE CAMPANIS. + +NICOL. EGGER'S DISSERTATIO DE ORIGINE ET NOMINE CAMPANARUM. EJUSDEM +DISSERTATIO DE CAMPANARUM MATERIA ET FORMA. + +PACICHELLI DE TINTINABULO NOTANO LUCUBRATIO. + +WALLERI DISSERTATIO DE CAMPANIS ET PRAECIPUIS EARUM USIBUS. + +HILCHER DE CAMPANIS TEMPLORUM. + +ARNOLDUS DE CAMPANARUM USU. 12mo. 1665. + +ROCCHA DE CAMPANIS COMMENTARIUS. 1612. + +THIERS, TRAITE DES CLOCHES. + +MITZLER DE CAMPANIS. ESCHENWECKER DE EO QUOD IUSTUM EST CIRCA +CAMPANIS. + +PINGRE'S ACCOUNT OF HIS VOYAGE TO RODRIGUEZ, published (?) at Paris +about 1762. + +DUDLEY RYDER's REPORT ON THE PETITION OF BERKELEY SEYMOUR, ESQ., +CLAIMING THE BARONY OF SEYMOUR AND DUKEDOM OF SOMERSET. Published +1750, pp. 15. folio. + +PRIVATE ACT, 12 WM 3., FOR THE SALE OF THE ESTATES OF ARTHUR LACY, +ESQ., CO. SOMERSET. + +BELL ON THE HAND. Bridgewater Treatises. + +_Odd Volumes._ + +MADRAS JOURNAL OF LITERATURE AND SCIENCE. Vols I. to IX. CATALOGUE OF +HARLEIAN MSS., Vol. IV. WOODS'S ATHENAE OXONIENSES (ed. Bliss.), Vol. +III. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price. _carriage free_, +to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +Among the many papers which we are unavoidably obliged to postpone +are an original and inedited _Letter by Horace Walpole_, Mr. Singer's +Reply to C.W.G. on _AElfric's Colloquies_, an interesting communication +from Mr. Coles respecting _Arabella Stuart_, a paper by Mr. Rye on +the _Queen of Robert Bruce_, and T.S.D.'s able article on _Arabic +Numerals_. + +The Erectheum Club (like "The Parthenon") takes its name from the +Erectheum at Athens. + +H.M.A. declined with thanks. + +X.P. is informed that the _monotome_ edition of Boswell's Johnson +edited by Croker, is not an abridgment of the larger work, but a new +and thoroughly revised edition of it; and with a really good index. + +To correspondents inquiring as to the mode of procuring "NOTES AND +QUERIES," we have once more to explain, that every bookseller and +newsman will supply it regularly, if ordered; and that gentlemen +residing in the country, who may find a difficulty in getting it +through any bookseller in their neighbourhood, may be supplied +regularly with the stamped edition, by giving their orders direct to +the publisher, MR. GEORGE BELL, 186 Fleet Street, accompanied by a +Post-Office order for a quarter, 4s. 4d.; a half year, 8s. 8d.; or +one year, 17s. 4d. + +Errata. P. 242. col. 2. l. 11., for "coheir" read "cognate;" and line +16, for "Argidius" "AEgidius;" and p. 243, col 1. l. 35. read "anecdote +of Dionysius related by Cicero and by Plutarch, in his _Laconic +Apophthegms_, which Stobaeus evidently followed." + + * * * * * + +Just published, in post 8vo., 10s. 6d., the Third Volume of + +THE ROMANCE OF THE PEERAGE; or, CURIOSITIES OF FAMILY HISTORY. + +By GEORGE LILLIE CRAIK. + +With a Portrait of Sir Robert Dudley. + +Contents:--The Hereditary Principle; Aristocracy and +Democracy--Charles Brandon's Widow and her Second Marriage--The Lady +Mary Grey--Sir Robert Dudley--Bess of Hardwick and the Talbots--The +Cavendishes and the Stanhopes--Lord Pembroke and Sir Richard +Wharton--The Wharton and Stuart Duel--The Bruce and Sackville +Duel--The Lord Crichton of Sanquahar--The Earldom of Monteith, +&c. &c. &c. + +London: CHAPMAN AND HALL, 186. Strand. + + * * * * * + +On the 1st of March will be published, price One Shilling, + +MODEL PRISONS; being No. 2. of LATTER-DAY PAMPHLETS. + +Edited by THOMAS CARLYLE. + +London: CHAPMAN AND HALL, 186. Strand. + + * * * * *{272} + +Early Antiquities of England Illustrated. + +THE PRIMAEVAL ANTIQUITIES OF DENMARK. By J.J.A. WORSAAE, M.R.S.A., +of Copenhagen. Translated and applied to the Illustration of similar +Remains in England, by WILLIAM J. THOMS, ESQ., F.S.A., Secretary of +the Camden Society. Illustrated with numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. 10s. 6d. + + "This is the best antiquarian handbook we have ever met + with--so clear is its arrangement, and so well and so plainly + is each subject illustrated by well-executed engravings, + that confusion for the future is impossible upon a variety of + points on which the most grievous mistakes have hitherto been + made by anxious and zealous antiquarians. * * * It is the + joint production of two men who have already distinguished + themselves as authors and antiquarians. It is a book of which + it may be said, that in every sentence is to be found an + interesting fact, and that every page teems with instruction, + and may be regarded as a sure guide to all antiquarians in + their future archaeological inquiries."--_Morning Herald_. + +See also _Gentleman's Magazine_ for February, 1850. + +JOHN HENRY PARKES, Oxford, and 377. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + +Vols. I. and II. 8vo., price 28s. cloth. + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; from the TIME of the CONQUEST. By EDWARD FOSS, +F.S.A. + + "A work in which a subject of great historical importance is + treated with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; + in which Mr. Foss has brought to light many points previously + unknown, corrected many errors, and shown such ample knowledge + of his subject as to conduct it successfully through all the + intricacies of a difficult investigation, and such taste and + judgment as will enable him to quit, when occasion requires, + the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart + to his work, as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a + philosophical history."--_Gent. Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 4s. 6d. cloth. + +PINACOTHECAE HISTORICAE SPECIMEN; sive Illustrium Quorundam Ingenia, +Mores, Fortunae, ad Inscriptionum formam Expressae. Auctore F. KILVERT, +A.M. Pars Secunda. + + "The production of an English clergyman, and bears unequivocal + marks of refined taste, elegant scholarship, and a + liberal, generous, and candid mind. The idea--to us a novel + one--carried out in this work is, to bring up for judgment + (as the Egyptians used to do with their departed kings) the + characters that figure most in the page of history, and to + pass sentence upon them. Summoning them, as it were, into his + presence with the lamp of history to guide him, _exquiritque + auditque dolos_; and whether it be praise or blame, or a + mixture of both, that he awards, the judgment is pronounced in + a temperate spirit, and with judicial impartiality; and it + is expressed in pure and elegant Latin, and often with + epigrammatic felicity."--_Scotsman_. + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; of whom Part I., price 3s., +may be had. + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 3s. 6d. 12mo. cloth, 7s. calf or morocco. + +THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN: his Principles, his Feelings, his Manners, his +Pursuits. + + "We like him so well as to wish heartily we might meet many + such."--_Theologian_. + + "The object of the first of the four essays is to form the + principles of a gentleman on a Christian standard. In the + other three subjects, of feelings, manners, and pursuits, + the views, though strict, are of a more worldly + kind."--_Spectator_. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Just published, 12mo. cloth, 4s.; morocco (Hayday), 10s., + +A SELECTION FROM PERCY'S RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY, and from +EVANS'S OLD BALLADS, with short Introductions and Notes. By the Rev. +HENRY TRIPP, M.A., Sub Warden of St. Columba's College. + + "The selection is made with good taste and + judgment."--_Christian Remembrancer_. + +12mo., cloth, 2s. 6d., + +SELECTIONS FROM HERRICK, for Translation into Latin Verse, with a +short Preface. By the Rev. A.J. MACLEANE, M.A., Trinity College, +Cambridge, Principal of Brighton College. + + "We cordially recommend it as a book well adapted to promote + a superior style of versification to that which has + hitherto prevailed even in the highest classes of our German + Schools."--_Educational Times_. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +12mo. boards. 3s. 6d. + +LYRA MEMORIALIS: Original Epitaphs and Churchyard Thoughts. In Verse. +By JOSEPH SNOW. With an Essay, by WILLIAM WORDSWORTH. Reprinted by his +permission. A new Edition, remodelled and enlarged. + + "The object of Mr. Snow in the volume before us is to suggest + a purer taste and a more impressive style in our churchyard + memorials, and by every word and thought to point through the + shadow of the tomb to the brightness and light beyond it. His + work is, in truth, a treasury of feeling, and we find in its + simplicity its highest merit. To the clergy this volume may be + of signal use."--_Theologian_. + + "This is truly a book of the affections; there is scarcely + a page which will not touch tenderly a chord in the heart of + every reader."--_Church of England Quarterly_. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +On a large sheet, price 7s. 6d. plain; 15s. richly coloured; in case, +10s. 6d. plain; 18s. coloured. + +A CHART of ANCIENT ARMOUR, from the ELEVENTH to the SEVENTEENTH +CENTURIES; containing Eighteen Figures, with a Description and a +Sketch of the Progress of European Armour. By JOHN HEWITT. + + "A graphic outline of the subject of military costume during + the period of its greatest interest to the English antiquary. + The author has made a judicious selection of examples, chiefly + from the rich series of monumental effigies; and, in the brief + text which accompanies these illustrations, a useful resume + will be found of a subject which, not many years since, + was attainable only through the medium of costly + publications."--_Archaeological Journal_. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Royal 32mo., cloth, 2s.; morocco (Hayday), 7s. + +SELDEN'S TABLE TALK. + +Royal 32mo., price 2s. 6d. cloth, 7s. 6d. morocco (Hayday). + +THE TEMPLE, SACRED POEMS, and PRIVATE EJACULATIONS. By GEORGE HERBERT. + +Also, by the same Author, Price 2s. cloth, 7s. morocco (Hayday). + +A PRIEST TO THE TEMPLE; or, THE COUNTRY PARSON: his Character, and +Rule of Holy Life, &c. + +London: GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street. Leicester: J.S. CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. +New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; +and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish +of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. +186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, February 23. 1850. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries 1850.02.23, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES 1850.02.23 *** + +***** This file should be named 12018.txt or 12018.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/2/0/1/12018/ + +Produced by The Internet Library of Early Journals, Jon Ingram, +William Flis, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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