diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'old/11575-8.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/11575-8.txt | 2371 |
1 files changed, 2371 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/old/11575-8.txt b/old/11575-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c430d51 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11575-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2371 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries 1850.01.19, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes & Queries 1850.01.19 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 14, 2004 [EBook #11575] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES 1850.01.19 *** + + + + +Credits: Jon Ingram, Susan Lucy and PG Distributed Proofreaders. +Produced from page scans provided by Internet Library of Early +Journals. + + + + + +{177} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, +ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + +NO. 12.] +SATURDAY, JANUARY 19. 1850. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4d. + + * * * * * + +CONTENTS. + +NOTES:-- Page + Passage in Hudibras, by E.F. Rimbault 177 + Field of the Brothers' Footsteps 178 + Notes on Books and Authors, by Bolton Corney 178 + Receipts of the Beggar's Opera 178 + Notes on Cunningham's London, by E.F. Rimbault 180 + Sewerage in Etruria 180 + Andrew Frusius 180 + Opinions respecting Burnet 181 + +QUERIES:-- + St. Thomas of Lancaster, by R. Monckton Milnes 181 + Shield of the Black Prince, &c. by J.R. Planché 183 + Fraternitye of Vagabondes, &c. 183 + The name of Shylock, by M.A. Lower 184 + Transposition of Letters, by B. Williams 184 + Pictures in Churches 184 + Flaying in Punishment of Sacrilege 185 + Minor Queries:--Pokership or Parkership--Boduc or + Boduoc--Origin of Snob--Mertens the Printer-- + Queen's Messengers--Bishop of Ross' Epitaph, &c.-- + Origin of Cannibal--Sir W. Rider--Origin of word + Poghele, &c. 185 + +MISCELLANIES--including ANSWERS TO MINOR QUERIES:-- + Darkness at the Crucifixion--High Doctrine--Wife of + King Robert Bruce--The Talisman of Charlemagne + --Sayers the Caricaturist--May-Day--Dr. Dee's Petition + --Lines quoted by Goethe--Queen Mary's Expectations + --Ken's Hymns--Etymology of Daysman, &c. 186 + +MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 189 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 190 + Notices to Correspondents 190 + Advertisements 191 + + * * * * * + + +ORIGIN OF A WELL-KNOWN PASSAGE IN HUDIBRAS. + +The often-quoted lines-- + + "For he that fights and runs away + May live to fight another day," + +generally supposed to form a part of _Hudibras_, are to be found (as +Mr. Cunningham points out, at p. 602. of his _Handbook for London_), +in the _Musarum Deliciæ_, 12mo. 1656; a clever collection of "witty +trifles," by Sir John Mennis and Dr. James Smith. + +The passage, as it really stands in _Hudibras_ (book iii. canto iii. +verse 243.), is as follows:-- + + "For those that fly may fight again, + Which he can never do that's slain." + +But there is a much earlier authority for these lines than the +_Musarum Deliciæ_; a fact which I learn from a volume now open +before me, the great rarity of which will excuse my transcribing the +title-page in full:-- + +"Apophthegmes, that is to saie, prompte, quicke, wittie, and +sentencious saiynges, of certain Emperours, Kynges, Capitaines, +Philosophiers, and Oratours, as well Grekes as Romaines, bothe +veraye pleasaunt and profitable to reade, partely for all maner of +persones, and especially Gentlemen. First gathered and compiled in +Latine by the right famous clerke, Maister Erasmus, of Roteradame. +And now translated into Englyshe by Nicolas Udall. _Excusam typis +Ricardi Grafton_, 1542. 8vo." + +A second edition was printed by John Kingston, in 1564, with no +other variation, I believe, than in the orthography. Haslewood, in a +note on the fly-leaf of my copy, says:-- + +"Notwithstanding the fame of Erasmus, and the reputation of his +translator, this volume has not obtained that notice which, either +from its date or value, might be justly expected. Were its claim +only founded on the colloquial notes of Udall, it is entitled to +consideration, as therein may be traced several of the familiar +phrases and common-place idioms, which have occasioned many +conjectural speculations among the annotators upon our early drama." + +The work consists of only two books of the original, comprising the +apophthegms of Socrates, Aristippus, Diogenes, Philippus, Alexander, +Antigonus, Augustus Cæsar, Julius Cæsar, Pompey, Phocion, Cicero, +and Demosthenes. + +On folio 239. occurs the following apophthegm, which is the one +relating to the subject before us:-- + + "That same man, that renneth awaie, + May again fight, on other daie. + + "¶ Judgeyng that it is more for the benefite of + one's countree to renne awaie in battaile, then to lese + his life. For a ded man can fight no more; but who + hath saved hymself alive, by rennyng awaie, may, in + many battailles mo, doe good service to his countree. + + "§ At lest wise, if it be a poinet of good service, to + renne awaie at all times, when the countree hath most + neede of his helpe to sticke to it." + +Thus we are enabled to throw back more than a century these famous +Hudibrastic lines, which have occasioned so many inquiries for their +origin. + +I take this opportunity of noticing a mistake which has frequently +been made concerning the _French_ translation of Butler's +_Hudibras_. Tytler, in his _Essay on Translation_; Nichols, in his +_Biographical Anecdotes of Hogarth_; and Ray, in his {178} _History +of the Rebellion_, attributes it to Colonel Francis Towneley; +whereas it was the work of _John_ Towneley, uncle to the celebrated +Charles Towneley, the collector of the Marbles. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + + +FIELD OF THE BROTHERS' FOOTSTEPS. + +I do not think that Mr. Cunningham, in his valuable work, has given +any account of a piece of ground of which a strange story is +recorded by Southey, in his _Common-Place Book_ (Second Series, p. +21.). After quoting a letter received from a friend, recommending +him to "take a view of those wonderful marks of the Lord's hatred to +_duelling_, called _The Brothers' Steps_," and giving him the +description of the locality, Mr. Southey gives an account of his own +visit to the spot (a field supposed to bear ineffaceable marks of +the footsteps of two brothers, who fought a fatal duel about a love +affair) in these words:--"We sought for near half an hour in vain. +We could find no steps at all, within a quarter of a mile, no nor +half a mile, of Montague House. We were almost out of hope, when an +honest man who was at work directed us to the next ground adjoining +to a pond. There we found what we sought, about three quarters of a +mile north of Montague House, and about 500 yards east of Tottenham +Court Road. The steps answer Mr. Walsh's description. They are of +the size of a large human foot, about three inches deep, and lie +nearly from north-east to south-west. We counted only seventy-six, +but we were not exact in counting. The place where one or both the +brothers are supposed to have fallen, is still bare of grass. The +labourer also showed us the bank where (the tradition is) the +wretched woman sat to see the combat." + +Mr. Southey then goes on the speak of his full confidence in the +tradition of their indestructibility, even after ploughing up, and +of the conclusions to be drawn from the circumstance. + +To this long note, I beg to append a query, as to the latest account +of these footsteps, previous to the ground being built over, as it +evidently now must be. + +G.H.B. + + * * * * * + + +ON AUTHORS AND BOOKS, NO. 4. + +Verse may picture the feelings of the author, or it may only picture +his fancy. To assume the former position, is not always safe; and in +two memorable instances a series of sonnets has been used to +construct a _baseless fabric_ of biography. + +In the accompanying sonnet, there is no such uncertainty. It was +communicated to me by John Adamson, Esq., M.R.S.L., &c., honourably +known by a translation of the tragedy of _Dona Ignez de Castro_, +from the Portuguese of Nicola Luiz, and by a _Memoir of the life and +writings of Camoens_, &c. It was not intended for publication, but +now appears, at my request. + +Mr. Adamson, it should be stated, is a corresponding member of the +Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon, and has received diplomas of +the orders of Christ and the Tower-and-Sword. The _coming storm_ +alludes to the menace of invasion by France. + + +"SONNET. + + "O Portugal! whene'er I see thy name + What proud emotions rise within my breast! + To _thee_ I owe--from _thee_ derive that fame + Which here may linger when I lie at rest. + When as a youth I landed on thy shore, + How little did I think I e'er could be + Worthy the honours thou has giv'n to me; + And when the coming storm I did deplore, + Drove me far from thee by its hostile threat-- + With feelings which can never be effaced, + I learn'd to commune with those writers old + Who had the deeds of they great chieftains told; + Departed bards in converse sweet I met, + I'd seen where they had liv'd--the land Camoens grac'd." + +I venture to add the titles of two interesting volumes which have +been printed subsequently to the publications of Lowndes and Martin. +It may be a useful hint to students and collectors:-- + +"BIBLIOTHECA LUSITANA, or catalogue of books and tracts, relating to +the history, literature, and poetry, of Portugal: forming part of +the library of John Adamson, M.R.S.L. etc. _Newcastle on Tyne_, 1836. +8vo. + +"LUSITANIA ILLUSTRATA; notices on the history, antiquities, +literature, etc. of Portugal. Literary department. Part I. Selection +of sonnets, with biographical Sketches of the author, by John +Adamson, M.R.S.L. etc. _Newcastle upon Tyne_, 1842. 8vo." + +BOLTON CORNEY. + + * * * * * + + +RECEIPTS TO THE BEGGAR'S OPERA ON ITS PRODUCTION. + +Every body is aware of the prodigious and unexpected success of +Gay's _Beggar's Opera_ on its first production; it was offered to +Colley Cibber at Drury Lane, and refused, and the author took it to +Rich, at the Lincoln's-Inn-Fields theatre, by whom it was accepted, +but not without hesitation. It ran for 62 nights (not 63 nights, as +has been stated in some authorities) in the season of 1727-1728; of +these, 32 nights were in succession; and, from the original +Account-book of the manager, C.M. Rich, I am enabled to give an +exact statement of the money taken at the doors on each night, +distinguishing such performances as were for the benefit of the +author, viz. the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 15th nights, which put exactly +693l. 13s. 6d. into Gay's pocket. This is a new circumstance in the +biography of one of our most fascinating English writers, whether in +prose or verse. Rich records that the king, queen, and {179} +princesses were present on the 21st repetition, but that was by no +means one of the fullest houses. The very bill sold at the doors on +the occasion has been preserved, and hereafter may be furnished for +the amusement of your readers. It appears, that when the run of the +_Beggar's Opera_ was somewhat abruptly terminated by the advance of +the season and the benefits of the actors, the "takings," as they +were and still are called, were larger than ever. The performances +commenced on 29th January, 1728, and that some striking novelty was +required at the Lincoln's-Inn-Fields theatre, to improve the +prospects of the manager, may be judged from the fact that the new +tragedy of _Sesostris_, brought out on the 17th January, was played +for the benefit of its author (John Sturm) on its 6th night to only +58l. 19s., while the house was capable of holding at least 200l. + +In the following statement of the receipts to the _Beggar's Opera_, +I have not thought it necessary to insert the days of the months:-- + + £ s. d. + Night 1 - - - 169 12 0 + 2 - - - 160 14 0 + (Author) 3 - - - 162 12 6 + 4 - - - 163 5 6 + 5 - - - 175 19 6 + (Author) 6 - - - 189 11 0 + 7 - - - 161 19 0 + 8 - - - 157 19 6 + (Author) 9 - - - 165 12 0 + 10 - - - 156 8 0 + 11 - - - 171 10 0 + 12 - - - 170 5 6 + 13 - - - 164 8 0 + 14 - - - 171 5 0 + (Author) 15 - - - 175 18 0 + 16 - - - 160 11 0 + 17 - - - 171 8 6 + 18 - - - 163 16 6 + 19 - - - 158 19 0 + 20 - - - 170 9 6 + 21 - - - 163 14 6 + 22 - - - 163 17 6 + 23 - - - 179 8 6 + 24 - - - 161 7 0 + 25 - - - 169 3 6 + 26 - - - 163 18 6 + 27 - - - 168 4 6 + 28 - - - 153 3 6 + 29 - - - 165 2 6 + 30 - - - 152 8 6 + 31 - - - 183 4 0 + 32 - - - 185 8 6 + +Therefore, when the run was interrupted, the attraction of the opera +was greater than it had been on any previous night, excepting the +6th, which was one of those set apart for the remuneration of the +author, when the receipt was 189l. 11s. The total sum realised by +the 32 successive performances was 5351l. 15s., of which, as we have +already shown, Gay obtained 693l. 13s 6d. To him it was all clear +profit; but from the sum obtained by Rich are, of course, to be +deducted the expenses of the company, lights, house-rent, &c. + +The successful career of the piece was checked, as I have said, by +the intervention of benefits, and the manager would not allow it to +be repeated even for Walker's and Miss Fenton's nights, the Macheath +and Polly of the opera; but, in order to connect the latter with it, +when Miss Fenton issued her bill for _The Beaux's Stratagem_, on +29th April, it was headed that it was "for the benefit of Polly." An +exception was, however, made in favour of John Rich, the brother of +the manager, for whose benefit the _Beggar's Opera_ was played on +26th February, when the receipt was 184l. 15s. Miss Fenton was +allowed a second benefit, on the 4th May, in consequence, we may +suppose, of her great claims in connection with the _Beggar's +Opera_, and then it was performed to a house containing 155l. 4s. +The greatest recorded receipt, in its first season, was on the 13th +April, when, for some unexplained cause the audience was so numerous +that 198l. 17s. were taken at the doors. + +After this date there appears to have been considerable fluctuation +in the profits derived from repetitions of the _Beggar's Opera_. On +the 5th May, the day after Polly Fenton's (her real name was +Lavinia) second benefit, the proceeds fell to 78l. 14s., the 50th +night produced 69l. 12s., and the 51st only 26l. 1s. 6d. The next +night the receipt suddenly rose again to 134l. 13s. 6d., and it +continued to range between 53l. and 105l. until the 62nd and last +night (19th June), when the sum taken was 98l. 17s. 6d. + +Miss Fenton left the stage at the end of the season, to be made +Duchess of Bolton, and in the next season her place, as regards the +_Beggar's Opera_, was taken by Miss Warren, and on 20th September it +attracted 75l. 7s.; at the end of November it drew only 23l., yet, +on the 11th December, for some reason not stated by the manager, the +takings amounted to 112l. 9s. 6d. On January 1st a new experiment +was tried with the opera, for it was represented by children, and +the Prince of Wales commanded it on one or more of the eight +successive performances it thus underwent. On 5th May we find Miss +Cantrell taking Miss Warren's character, and in the whole, the +_Beggar's Opera_ was acted more than forty times in its second year, +1728-9, including the performances by "Lilliputians" as well as +comedians. This is, perhaps, as much of its early history as your +readers will care about. + +DRAMATICUS. + + * * * * * + + +{180} NOTES UPON CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK FOR LONDON. + +_Lady Dacre's Alms-Houses, or Emanuel Hospital._--"Jan. 8. 1772, +died, in Emanual Hospital, Mrs. Wyndymore, cousin of Mary, queen of +William III., as well as of Queen Anne. Strange revolution of +fortune, that the cousin of two queens should, for fifty years, by +supported by charity."--_MS. Diary_, quoted in Collett's _Relics of +Literature_, p. 310. + +_Essex Buildings._--"On Thursday next, the 22nd of this instant, +November, at the _Musick-school in Essex Buildings_, over against +St. Clement's Church in the Strand, will be continued a concert of +vocal and instrumental musick, beginning at five of the clock, every +evening. Composed by Mr. Banister."--_Lond. Gazette_, Nov. 18. +1678. "This famous 'musick-room' was afterwards Paterson's +auction-room."--Pennant's _Common-place Book_. + +_St. Antholin's._--In Thorpe's Catalogue of MSS. for 1836 appears +for sale, Art. 792., "The Churchwarden's Accounts, from 1615 to +1752, of the Parish of _St. Antholin's_, London." Again, in the same +Catalogue, Art. 793., "The Churchwardens and Overseers of the Parish +of _St. Antholin's_, in London, Accounts from 1638 to 1700 +inclusive." Verily these books have been in the hands of "unjust +stewards!" + +_Clerkenwell._--Names of eminent persons residing in this parish in +1666:--Earl of Carlisle, Earl of Essex, Earl of Aylesbury, Lord +Barkely, Lord Townsend, Lord Dellawar, Lady Crofts, Lady Wordham, +Sir John Keeling, Sir John Cropley, Sir Edward Bannister, Sir +Nicholas Stroude, Sir Gower Barrington, Dr. King, Dr. Sloane. In +1667-8:--Duke of Newcastle, Lord Baltimore, Lady Wright, Lady Mary +Dormer, Lady Wyndham, Sir Erasmus Smith, Sir Richard Cliverton, Sir +John Burdish, Sir Goddard Nelthorpe, Sir John King, Sir William +Bowles, Sir William Boulton.--_Extracted from a MS. in the late Mr. +Upcott's Collection._ + +_Tyburn Gallows._--No. 49. Connaught Square, is built on the spot +where this celebrated gallows stood; and, in the lease granted by +the Bishop of London, this is particularly mentioned. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + + +SEWERAGE IN ETRURIA. + +I have been particularly struck, in reading _The Cities and +Cemeteries of Etruria_, of George Dennis, by the great disparity +there appears between the ancient population of this country and the +present. + +The ancient population appears, moreover, to have been located in +circumstances not by any means favourable to the health of the +people. Those cities surrounded by high walls, and entered by +singularly small gateways, must have been very badly ventilated, and +very unfavourable to health; and yet it is not reasonable to suppose +they could have been so unhealthy then as the author describes the +country at present to be. It is hardly possible to imagine so great +a people as the Etruscans, the wretched fever-stricken objects the +present inhabitants of the Maremna are described to be. + +To what, then, can this great difference be ascribed? The Etruscans +appear to have taken very great pains with the drainage of their +cities; on many sites the cloaca are the only remains of their +former industry and greatness which remain. They were also careful +to bury their dead outside their city walls; and it is, no doubt, to +these two circumstances, principally, that their increase and +greatness, as a people, are to be ascribed. But why do not the +present inhabitants avail themselves of the same means to health? Is +it that they are idle, or are they too broken spirited and +poverty-stricken to unite in any public work? Or has the climate +changed? + +Perhaps it was owing to some defect in their civil polity that the +ancients were comparatively so easily put down by the Roman power, +which might have been the superior civilisation. Possibly the great +majority of the people may have been dissatisfied with their rulers, +and gladly removed to another place and another form of government. +It is even possible, and indeed likely, that these great public +works may have been carried on by the forced labour of the poorest +and, consequently, the most numerous class of the population, and +that, consequently, they had no particular tie to their native city, +as being only a hardship to them; and they may even have had a +dislike to sewers in themselves, as reminding them of their bondage, +and which dislike their descendants have inherited, and for which +they are now suffering. At any rate, it is an instructive example to +our present citizens of the value of drainage and sanitary +arrangements, and shows that the importance of these things was +recognised and appreciated in the earliest times. + +C.P.F. + + * * * * * + + +ANDREW FRUSIUS--ANDRÉ DES FREUX. + +Many of your readers, as well as "ROTERODAMUS," will be ready to +acknowledge their obligation to Mr. Bruce for his prompt +identification of the author of the epigram against Erasmus (pp. 27, +28.). I have just referred to the catalogue of the library of this +university, and I regret to say that we have no copy of any of the +works of Frusius. Mr. Bruce says he knows nothing of Frusius as an +author. I believe there is no mention of him in any English +bibliographical or biographical work. There is, however, a notice +{181} of him in the _Biographie Universelle_, vol. xvi. (Paris), and +in the _Biografia Universale_, vol. xxi. (Venezia). As these works +have, perhaps, found their way into very few private English +libraries, I send you the following sketch, which will probably be +acceptable to your readers. It is much to be lamented that +sufficient encouragement cannot be given in this country for the +production of a _Universal Biography_. Roses's work, which promised +to be a giant, dwindled down to a miserable pigmy; and that under +"The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge" was strangled in +its birth. + +André des Freux, better known by his Latin name, Frusius, was born +at Chartres, in the beginning of the sixteenth century. He embraced +the life of an ecclesiastic, and obtained the cure of Thiverval, +which he held many years with great credit to himself. The high +reputation of Ignatius Loyola, who was then at Rome, with authority +from the Holy See to found the Society of the Jesuits, led Frusius +to that city, where he was admitted a member of the new order in +1541, and shortly after became secretary to Loyola. He contributed +to the establishment of the Society at Parma, Venice, and many towns +of Italy and Sicily. He was the first Jesuit who taught the Greek +language at Messina; he also gave public lectures on the Holy +Scriptures in Rome. He was appointed Rector of the German College at +Rome, shortly before his death, which occurred on the 25th of +October, 1556, three months and six days after the death of Loyola. +Frusius had studied, with equal success, theology, medicine, and +law: he was a good mathematician, an excellent musician, and made +Latin verses with such facility, that he composed them, on the +instant, on all sorts of subjects. But these verses were neither so +elegant nor so harmonious, as Alegambe asserts[1], since he adds, +that it requires close attention to distinguish them from prose. +Frusius translated, from Spanish into Latin, the _Spiritual +Exercises_ of Loyola. He was the author of the following works:--Two +small pieces, in verse, _De Verborum et Rerum Copia_, and _Summa +Latinæ Syntaxeos_: these were published in several different places; +_Theses Collectæ ex Interpretatione Geneseos; Assertiones +Theologicæ_, Rome, 1554; _Poemata_, Cologne, 1558--this collection +often reprinted at Lyons, Antwerp and Tournon, contains 255[2] +epigrams against the heretics, amongst whom he places Erasmus;--a +poem _De Agno Dei_; and, lastly, another poem, entitled _Echo de +Presenti Christianæ Religionis Calamitate_, which has been sometimes +cited as an example of a great _difficulté vaincue_. The edition of +Tournon contains also a poem, _De Simplicitate_, of which Alegambe +speaks with praise. To Frusius was also owing an edition of +Martial's _Epigrams_, divested of their obscenities. + +EDW. VENTRIS. +Cambridge, Jan. 10. 1850. + +[Our valued correspondent, MR. MACCABE, has also informed us that +the "_Epigrams_ of Frusius were published at Antwerp, 1582, in 8vo., +and at Cologne, 1641, in 12mo. See Feller's _Biographie_."] + + [1] I presume in his _Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis + Jesu_. + + [2] Duthilloeul, according to Mr. Bruce, says 251. + + * * * * * + + +OPINIONS RESPECTING BURNET + +A small _catena patrum_ has been given respecting Burnet, as a +historian, in No. 3. pp. 40, 41., to which two more _scriptorum +judicia_ have been appended in No. 8. p. 120., by "I.H.M.". As a +sadly disparaging opinion had been quoted, at p. 40., from Lord +Dartmouth, I hope you will allow the following remarks on the +testimony of that nobleman to appear in your columns:-- + + "No person has contradicted Burnet more frequently, + or with more asperity, than Dartmouth. Yet + Dartmouth wrote, 'I do not think he designedly published + anything he believed to be false.' At a later + period, Dartmouth, provoked by some remarks on + himself in the second volume of the Bishop's history, + retracted this praise; but to such a retraction little + importance can be attached. Even Swift has the + justice to say, 'After all he was a man of generosity and + good nature.'"--_Short Remarks on Bishop Burnet's History_. + + "It is usual to censure Burnet as a singularly inaccurate + historian; but I believe the charge to be + altogether unjust. He appears to be singularly inaccurate + only because his narrative has been subjected to + a scrutiny singularly severe and unfriendly. If any + Whig thought it worth while to subject Reresby's + _Memoirs_, North's _Examen_, Mulgrave's _Account of the + Revolution_, or the _Life of James the Second_, edited by + Clarke, to a similar scrutiny, it would soon appear that + Burnet was far indeed from being the most inexact + writer of his time."--Macaulay, _Hist. England_, vol. ii. + p.177, 3rd. Ed. + +T. +Bath. + + * * * * * + + +QUERIES + +SAINT THOMAS OF LANCASTER. + +Sir,--I am desirous of information respecting the religious +veneration paid to the memory of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, +cousin-german to King Edward the Second. He was taken in open +rebellion against the King on the 16th of March, 1322, condemned by +a court-martial, and executed, with circumstances of great +indignity, on the rising ground above the castle of Pomfret, which +at the time was in his possession. His body was probably given to +the monks of the adjacent priory; and soon after his death miracles +were said to be performed at his tomb, and at the place of {182} +execution; a curious record of which is preserved in the library of +Corpus Christi College, at Cambridge, and introduced by Brady into +his history of the period. About the same time, a picture or image +of him seems to have been exhibited in St. Paul's Church, in London, +and to have been the object of many offerings. A special +proclamation was issued, denouncing this veneration of the memory of +a traitor, and threatening punishment on those who encouraged it; +and a statement is given by Brady of the opinions of an +ecclesiastic, who thought it very doubtful how far this devotion +should be encouraged by the Church, the Earl of Lancaster, besides +his political offences, having been a notorious evil-liver. + +As soon, however, as the King's party was subdued, and the unhappy +sovereign, whose acts and habits had excited so much animosity, +cruelly put to death, we find not only the political character of +the Earl of Lancaster vindicated, his attainder reversed, his +estates restored to his family, and his adherents re-established in +all their rights and liberties, but within five weeks of the +accession of Edward the Third, a special mission was sent to the +Pope from the King, imploring the appointment of a commission to +institute the proper canonical investigation for his admission into +the family of saints. His character and his cause are described, in +florid language, as having been those of a Christian hero; and the +numberless miracles wrought in his name, and the confluence of +pilgrims to his tomb, are presumed to justify his invocation. + +In June of the same year (1327), a "king's letter" is given to +Robert de Weryngton, authorising him and his agents to collect alms +throughout the kingdom for the purpose of building a chapel on the +hill where the Earl was beheaded, and praying all prelates and +authorities to give him aid and heed. This sanction gave rise to +imposture; and in December a proclamation appeared, ordering the +arrest and punishment of unauthorised persons collecting money under +this pretence, and taking it for their own use. + +In 1330, the same clerical personages were sent again to the Pope, +to advance the affair of the canonization of the Earl, and were +bearers of letters on the same subject from the King to five of the +cardinals, all urging the attention of the Papal court to a subject +that so much interested the Church and people of England. + +It would seem, however, that some powerful opposition to this +request was at work at the Roman see. For in the April of the +following year another commission, composed of a professor of +theology, a military personage, and a magistrate of the name of John +de Newton, was sent with letters to the Pope, to nine cardinals, to +the referendary of the Papal court, and to three nephews of his +Holiness, entreating them not to give ear to the invectives of +malignant men ("commenta fictitia maliloquorum"), who here asserted +that the Earl of Lancaster consented to, or connived at, some injury +or insult offered to certain cardinals at Durham in the late king's +reign. So far from this being true, the letters assert that the earl +defended these prelates to the utmost of his power, protected them +from enemies who had designs on their lives, and placed them in +security at his own great peril. The main point of the canonization +is again urged, and allusion made to former repeated supplications, +and the sacred promise, "Knock, and it shall be opened unto you," +appealed to. The vindication of the Earl from the malicious charge +against him is omitted in the letters to two of the cardinals and +the lay personages. Were these the two cardinals who fancied +themselves injured? + +This, then, is all I can discover in the ordinary historical +channels respecting this object of ancient public reverence in +England. The chapel was constructed and officiated in till the +dissolution of the monasteries; the image in St. Paul's was always +regarded with special affection; and the cognomen of _Saint_ Thomas +of Lancaster was generally accepted and understood. + +Five hundred years after the execution of the Earl of Lancaster, a +large stone coffin, massive and roughly hewn, was found in a field +that belonged of old to the Priory of Pomfret, but at least a +quarter of a mile distant from the hill where the chapel stood. +Within was the skeleton of a full-grown man, partially preserved; +the skull lay between the thighs. There is no record of the +decapitation of any person at Pomfret of sufficient dignity to have +been interred in a manner showing so much care for the preservation +of the body, except the Earl of Lancaster. The coffin may have been +removed here at the time the opposite party forbade its veneration, +from motives of precaution for its safety. + +Now, I shall be much obliged for information on the following +points:-- + +Is any thing known, beyond what I have stated, as to the +communications with Rome on the subject of his canonization, or as +to the means by which he was permitted by the English church to +become a fit object for invocation and veneration? + +What are the chief historical grounds that endeared his memory to +the Church or the people? The compassion for his signal fall can +hardly account for this, although a similar motive was sufficient to +bring to the tomb of Edward II., in Gloucester Cathedral, an amount +of offerings that added considerably to the splendour of the +edifice. + +Are any anecdotes or circumstances recorded, respecting the worship +of this saint in later times, than I have referred to? + +{183} What is the historic probability that the stone coffin, +discovered in 1822, contained the remains of this remarkable man? + +I have no doubt that much curious and valuable matter might be +discovered, by pursuing into the remote receptacles of historical +knowledge the lives and characters of persons who have become, in +Catholic times, the unauthorised objects of popular religious +reverence after death. + +RICH. MONCKTON MILNES. +26. Pall Mall, Jan. 12th. + +[To this interesting communication we may add that "_The Office of +St. Thomas of Lancaster_," which begins, + + "Gaude Thoma, ducum decus, lucerna Lancastriæ," + +is printed in the volume of "_Political Songs_" edited by Mr. Wright +for the Camden Society, from a Royal MS. in the British Museum.--MS. +Reg. 12.] + + * * * * * + + +SHIELD OF THE BLACK PRINCE--SWORD OF CHARLES I. + +In Bolton's _Elements of Armories_, 1610, p. 67., is an engraving of +a very interesting shield, of the kind called "Pavoise," which at +that period hung over the tomb of Edward the Black Prince, at +Canterbury, in addition to the shield still remaining there. Bolton +says, "The sayd victorious Princes tombe is in the goodly Cathedral +Church erected to the honour of Christ, in Canterburie; there +(beside his quilted coat-armour, with half-sleeves, Taberd fashion, +and his triangular shield, both of them painted with the royall +armories of our kings, and differenced with silver labels) hangs +this kind of Pavis or Target, curiously (for those times) embost and +painted, and the Scutcheon in the bosse being worne out, and the +Armes (which, it seemes, were the same with his coate armour, and +not any particular devise) defaced, and is altogether of the same +kinde with that upon which (Froissard reports) the dead body of the +Lord Robert of Dvras, and nephew to the Cardinall of Pierregoort, +was laid, and sent unto that Cardinale, from the Battell of +Poictiers, where the Blacke Prince obtained a Victorie, the renowne +whereof is immortale." + +Can any of your correspondents inform me when this most interesting +relic disappeared? Sandford, whose _Genealogical History_ was +published some sixty or seventy years later, says, "On an iron barr +over the Tombe are placed the Healme and Crest, Coat of Maile, and +Gantlets, and, on a pillar near thereunto, his shield of Armes, +richly diapred with gold, all which he is said to have used in +Battel;" but he neither mentions the missing "Pavoise," engraved in +Bolton, or the scabbard of the sword which yet remains, the sword +itself having been taken away, according to report, by Oliver +Cromwell. Did that unscrupulous Protector(?) take away the "Pavoise" +at the same time, or order his Ironsides to "remove that +bauble?"--and how came he to spare the helmet, jupon, gauntlets, +shield, and _scabbard_? I have strong doubts of his being the +purloiner of the sword. The late Mr. Stothard, who mentions the +report, does not quote his authority. I will add another query, on a +similar subject:--When did the _real_ sword of Charles the First's +time, which, but a few years back, hung at the side of that +monarch's equestrian figure at Charing Cross, disappear?--and what +has become of it? The question was put, at my suggestion, to the +official authorities, by the secretary of the British Archæological +Association; but no information could be obtained on the subject. +That the sword _was_ a real one of that period, I state upon the +authority of my lamented friend, the late Sir Samuel Meyrick, who +had ascertained the fact, and pointed out to me its loss. + +J.R. PLANCHÉ. + + * * * * * + + +FRATENRNITYE OF VAGABONDES--REV. MR. GENESSE--RED MAIDS. + +[We have for some time past been obliged, by want of space, to omit +all the kind expressions towards ourselves, in which friendly +correspondents are apt to indulge; but there is something so unusual +in the way in which the following letter begins, that we have done +violence to our modesty, in order to admit the comments of our +kind-hearted correspondent. We have no doubt that all his questions +will be answered in due course.] + +Never, during my life (more than half a century), do I remember +hailing the appearance of any new publication with such unfeigned +delight. I had hugged myself on having the friendship of a certain +"BOOKWORM," possessing a curious library, of some three or four +thousand volumes; how much must I have rejoiced, therefore, at +finding that, through the medium of your invaluable journal, my +literary friends were likely to be increased one hundred-fold; and +that, for the small sum of three pence weekly, I could command the +cordial co-operation, when at a loss, of all the first scholars, +antiquaries, and literary men of the country; that without the +trouble of attending meetings, &c., I could freely become a member +of the "Society of Societies;" that the four thousand volumes, to +which I had, previously, access, were increased more than ten +thousand-fold. It is one of the peculiar advantages of literary +accumulation, that it is only by diffusing the knowledge of the +materials amassed, and the information gained, that their value is +felt. Unlike the miser, the scholar and antiquary, by expending, add +to the value of their riches. + +Permit me to avail myself of the "good the bounteous gods have sent +me," and make one or two inquiries through the medium of your +columns. {184} In the first place, can any of your readers inform me +by whom a pamphlet, of the Elizabethan period, noticed in the +_Censura Literaria_, and entitled _The Fraternitye of Vagabondes_, +was reprinted, some years since?--Was it by Machelle Stace, of +Scotland Yard, who died a brother of the Charter-House? + +In the second place, can any of your clerical readers tell me where +I can find any account of the late Rev. Mr. Genesse, of Bath, author +of a _History of the Stage_, in ten volumes, one of the most +elaborate and entertaining works ever published, which must have +been a labour of love, and the labour of a life? + +And, in the third and last place, I find, in the _Bristol Gazette_ +of the early part of last month, the following paragraph:--"THE RED +MAIDS, 120 in number, enjoyed their annual dinner in honour of the +birthday of their great benefactor, Alderman Whitson. The dinner +consisted of joints of _veal_ (which they only have on this +occasion), and some dozens of plum puddings. The mayor and Mayoress +attended, and were much pleased to witness the happy faces of the +girls, to whom the Mayoress distributed one shilling each." + +Can any of your curious contributors give me any account of these +_Red Maids_?--why they are so called, &c., &c.?--and, in fact, of +the charity in general? + +It will not be one of the least of many benefits of your +publication, that, in noticing from time to time the real intention +of many ancient charitable bequests, the purposes of the original +benevolent founder may be restored to their integrity, and the +charity devoted to the use of those for whom it was intended, and +who will receive it as a charity, and not, as is too often the case, +be swallowed up as a mere place,--or worse, a sinecure. + +ARTHUR GRIFFINHOOF, JUN. + + * * * * * + + +THE NAME OF SHYLOCK. + +Dr. Farmer has stated that Shakspere took the name which he has +given to one of the leading characters in the _Merchant of Venice_ +from a pamphlet entitled _Caleb Shilloche, or the Jew's Prediction_. +The date of the pamphlet, however, being some years posterior to +that of the play, renders this origin impossible. Mr. C. Knight, who +points out this error, adds--"_Scialac_ was the name of a Marionite +of Mount Libanus." + +But "query," Was not _Shylock_ a proper name among the Jews, derived +from the designation employed by the patriarch Jacob in predicting +the advent of the Messiah--"until _Shiloh_ come"? (Gen. xlix. 10.) +The objection, which might be urged, that so sacred a name would not +have been applied by an ancient Jew to his child, has not much +weight, when we recollect that some Christians have not shrunk from +the blasphemous imposition of the name _Emanuel_ ("God with us") +upon their offspring. St. Jerome manifestly reads SHILOACH, for he +translates it by _Qui mittendus est. (Lond. Encyc_. in voc. +"Shiloh.") Now the difference between _Shiloach_ and _Shylock_ is +very trivial indeed. I shall be very glad to have the opinion of +some of your numerous and able contributors on this point. + +But, after all, Shylock may have been a _family name_ familiar to +the great dramatist. In all my researches on the subject of _English +surnames,_ however, I have but once met with it as a generic +distinction. In the _Battel Abbey Deeds_ (penes Sir T. Phillipps, +Bart.) occurs a power of attorney from John Pesemershe, Esq., to +_Richard Shylok_, of Hoo, co. Sussex, and others, to deliver seizin +of all his lands in Sussex to certain persons therein named. The +date of this document is July 4, 1435. + +MARK ANTONY LOWER. + + * * * * * + + +TRANSPOSITION OF LETTERS. + +I should be obliged if any of your readers would give me the reason +for the transposition of certain letters, chiefly, but not +exclusively, in proper names, which has been effected in the course +of time. + +The name of our Queen Bertha was, in the seventh century, written +Beorhte. + +The Duke Brythnoth's name was frequently written Byrthnoth, in the +tenth century. + +In Eardweard, we have dropped the _a_; in Ealdredesgate, the _e_. In +Aedwini, we have dropped the first letter (or have sometimes +transposed it), although, I think, we are wrong; for the given name +Adwin has existed in my own family for several centuries. + +John was always written Jhon till about the end of the sixteenth +century; and in Chaucer's time, the word _third_, as every body +knows, was written _thridde_, or _thrydde_. I believe that the _h_ +in Jhon was introduced, as it was in other words in German, to give +force to the following vowel. Certain letters were formerly used in +old French in like manner, which were dropped upon the introduction +of the accents. + +B. WILLIAMS. +Hillingdon, Jan. 5. + + * * * * * + + +PICTURES OF QUEEN ELIZABETH AND CHARLES I. IN CHURCHES. + +Your correspondent "R.O." will find two pictures of Charles I. of +the same allegorical character as that described by him in his note +(_antè_, p. 137.), one on the wall of the stairs leading to the +north gallery of the church of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, and the +other in the hall of the law courts in Guildhall Yard. I know +nothing of the history of the first-mentioned picture; the latter, +until within a few years, hung on the wall, above the {185} gallery, +in the church of St. Olave, Jewry, when, upon the church undergoing +repair, it was taken down, and, by the parishioners, presented to +the corporation of London, who placed it in its present position. In +the church of St. Olave there were two other pictures hung in the +gallery, one representing the tomb of Queen Elizabeth, copied from +the original at Westminster, the other of Time on the Wing, +inscribed with various texts from Scripture. Both these pictures +were presented at the same time with the picture of Charles I. to +the corporation, and are now in the hall in Guildhall Yard. The +representation of Queen Elizabeth's tomb is to be met with, I +believe, in some other of the London churches. The picture in +Bishopsgate Church is fully described in the 1st vol. of Malcolm's +_Londinium Redivivum_, p. 243., and the St. Olave's pictures are +mentioned in the 4th vol. of the same work, p. 563. Malcolm states +he was not able to find any account of the Bishopsgate painting in +the parish books. Hitherto I have not been able to discover anything +connected with the history of the St. Olave's pictures, which, as +the old church was destroyed in the great fire of 1666, were +doubtless placed there subsequently to that year. I shall be glad if +any of your readers can throw any light as to the time when, and the +circumstances under which, such pictures as I have mentioned, +referring to Queen Elizabeth and Charles I., were placed in our +churches. + +JAMES CROSBY. + + * * * * * + + +FLAYING IN PUNISHMENT OF SACRILEGE. + +In the _Journal of the Archæological Institute_, for September, +1848, there are some most interesting notes on the subject of +"Flaying in Punishment of Sacrilege," by Mr. Way. Since then I have +felt peculiar interest in the facts and traditions recorded by Mr. +Way. Can any of your correspondents, or Mr. Way himself, give any +further references to authors by whom the subject is mentioned, +besides those named in the paper to which I allude? A few weeks ago +I received a piece of skin, stated to be human, and taken from the +door of the parish church of Hadstock, in Essex. Together with this +I received a short written paper, apparently written some fifty +years ago, which ascribes the fact of human skin being found on the +door of that church, to the punishment, _not_ of _sacrilege_, but of +a somewhat different crime. The piece of skin has been pronounced to +be human by the highest authority. As the above query might lead to +some lengthy "notes," I desire only to be informed of the titles of +any works, ancient or modern, in which distinct mention, or +allusion, is made of the punishment of flaying. + +R.V. +Winchester. + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Pokership or Parkership_.--In Collins' _Peerage_, vol. iv. p. 242., +5th edition, 1779, we are told that Sir Robert Harley, of Wigmore +Castle, in 1604, was made Forester of Boringwood, alias Bringwood +Forest, in com. Hereford, _with the office of the 'Pokership_,' and +custody of the forest or chase of Prestwood for life. The same word +occurs in the edition (the 3rd) of 1741, and in that edited by Sir +Egerton Brydges in 1812 (vol. iv. p. 57.). + +If _Pokership_ be not a misprint or misreading of the original +authority, viz. _Pat. 2. Jac. I._ p. 21., for _Parkership_, can any +of your readers tell me the meaning of "the _Pokership_," which is +not to be found in any book of reference within my reach? I like the +"NOTES AND QUERIES" very much. + +Audley End, Jan. 9. 1850. +BRAYBROOKE. + + +_Boduc or Boduoc on British Coins._--I observe there is a prevailing +opinion that the inscription on the British coin, "Boduc or Boduoc," +must be intended for the name of our magnanimous Queen Boadicea. I +am sorry to cast a cloud over so pleasant a vision, but your little +book of QUERIES tempts me to throw in a doubt. + +Although the name Budic is not met with in the pedigrees of England, +commonly given by Welsh heralds, yet it is often found among the +families of the Welsh in Brittany, and as they are reported to be +early descendants of the Welsh of England, there can be little doubt +that the name was once common in England. I beg leave, therefore, to +_query_, Whether the inscription is not intended for a Regulus of +Britain of that name? + +P. + + +_The Origin of the word Snob._--Can any of your valuable +correspondents give me the origin or derivation of the word Snob? + +When, and under what peculiar circumstances, was it first introduced +into our language? + +In the town in which I reside, in the north of England, the word +Snob was formerly applied to a _cobbler_, and the phrase was in use, +"_Snip_ the _tailor_, and _Snob_ the _cobbler_." + +I cannot discover how and why the word Snob was enlarged into its +present comprehensive meaning. + +Explanations of many of the slang phrases met with in the dramatic +works of the last century, such as, "Thank you, sir, I owe you one," +"A Rowland for an Oliver," "Keep moving, dad," &c. &c. would perhaps +give much light upon the manners of the times, and an interesting +history might be compiled of the progress of slang phrases to the +present day. + +ALPHA. + + +_Mertens, Martins, or Martini, the Printer._--Can any of your +correspondents inform me what was really the surname of Theodoric +Mertens, Martins, or Martini, the printer of Louvain, and who {186} +was a friend of Erasmus? In a small volume of his, now before me, +printed in 1517, the colophon gives: "Lovanii apud Theodoricum +Martinum anno MDXVII mense April;" while, on the reverse of _the +same leaf_, is a wooden block, of his device, occupying the whole +page, and beneath it are inscribed the words "Theodoricus Martini." +This appears to put _Mertens_ out of the question. + +W. + + +_Queen's Messengers_.--I should esteem it a favour conferred if any +of your readers could give me any memoranda touching the early +origin of the corps now termed Queen's Messengers, the former +"Knightes caligate of Armes." The only mention that I have read of +their origin is a brief notice in Knight's _London_, No. 131. p. 91; +but doubtless there exists, did I know what works to consult, many +more voluminous a history of their origin and proceedings than the +short summary given in the work of Mr. Knight. In whose reign were +they first created? and by whom were they appointed? In fact, any +data relating to their early history would very much oblige, + +J.U.G.G. + + +_Bishop Lesly of Ross' Epitaph.--Machoreus or Macorovius, "De Prælio +Aveniniano."_--Would any of your readers be so kind as to favour me +with a copy of the Latin epitaph of Bishop Lesly, of Ross, inscribed +on his tomb in the abbey church of Gurtenburg, near Brussels? + +Can any one furnish the _entire_ title and imprint of a Latin poem, +_De Prælio Aveniniano_, said to have been written in 1594, by a +Scottish Jesuit named Alexander Macorovius, or Machoreus? Any +particulars concerning this author would gratify + +LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE. + + +_The Word "Cannibal."_--When was the word _Cannibal_ first used in +English books?--To what language does it belong?--and what is its +exact meaning? + +W. + + +_Sir William Rider_.--"H.F." would feel obliged by a reference to +any work containing an account of Sir William Rider and his family. +He was Lord Mayor of London in 1600; and his daughter Mary was +married to Sir Thomas Lake, of Cannons, Secretary of State temp. +James I. He wishes more particularly to ascertain the date of Sir +William Rider's death. + + +_The Word "Poghele."_--What is the etymology and precise meaning of +the word "Poghele" (pronounced Poughley), or rather the first part +of it, which occurs occasionally as the name of a place in the +county of Berks, and perhaps elsewhere? + +W. + + +_Duncan Campbell._--Was the Duncan Campbell, of whom memoirs were +written by Defoe, a real or an imaginary person? If the former, +where can one find any authentic account of him? + +L.B. + + +_Boston de Bury de Bib. Monasteriorum._--Can any of your +correspondents give me a reference to the original MS. of _Boston de +Bury de Bibliothecis Monasteriorum_? + +P. + + +_Cazena on the Inquisition_.--Can any one tell me what is the public +opinion of Cazena's work on the Inquisition? I see Limborch and many +others quoted concerning that tribunal, but never Cazena. Is the +book scarce?--or is it not esteemed? I never saw but one copy. + +P. + + +_The Reconciliation_, 1554.--In 1554, Cardinal Pole directed a +register to be kept in every parish of all the parishioners who, on +a certain day, were to be reconciled to the Church of Rome and +absolved. (Burnet's _Ref_. vol. iii. p. 245.) + +The Bishop of London's Declaration thereon (Feb. 19. 1554) runs +thus:-- + + "And they not so reconciled, every one of them + shall have process made agaynst him accordyng to + the canons, as the case shall requyre; for which purpose + the pastours and curates of every paryshe shall be + commanded by their archedeacon to certyfye me in + writinge of every man and woman's name that is not + so reconciled." + +Have any of your readers at any time seen and made a _note_ of such +a register? + +The most probable place of deposit would be the Bishop's Registry, +but I have never yet been fortunate enough to meet with one of these +curious returns. + +J.S.B. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANIES. + +_Darkness at the Crucifixion_.--The following passage, in a volume +of Lectures by the Rev. H. Blunt, has fallen under my notice:-- + + "It was this Dionysius (the Areopagite) of whom + the earliest Christian historians relate that, being at + Heliopolis, in Egypt, at the time of our Lord's crucifixion, + when he beheld the mid-day darkness which + attended that awful event, he exclaimed, 'Either the + God of Nature suffers, or the frame of the world will + be dissolved.'" + +Having very limited opportunity of studying the ancient historians, +I should be greatly obliged if you would inform me from what work +this account is derived; or refer me to any authors, _not_ having +embraced Christianity, who give a description of the crucifixion of +our Saviour; and especially with reference to the "darkness over all +the earth" at the time of that event, mentioned by St. Luke, who +also adds, that "the sun was darkened." Your kindly consenting, as +you did in your second number, to receive queries respecting +references, has induced me to trouble you so far. + +S.A.M. + +[Our correspondent will find much that is to his purpose, both in +the way of statements and of reference {187} to original +authorities, in Lardner's _Jewish and Heathen Testimonies_, chap. +xiii. of the Heathen Authors; vol. ii. p. 125. of the original 4to. +edition; or vol. vii. p. 370. of the 8vo. edition of his works by +Kippis, 1788.] + + +_High-Doctrine_.--In the Cambridgeshire fens there are a great +number of Dissenters, and I believe Cromwell's Ironsides were +chiefly recruited from those districts. On the higher lands +adjoining are the old parish churches; and in conversation it is not +uncommon to hear the tenets of the Church of England described as +_High land Doctrine_, in contra-distinction to the _Low land_, or +Dissenters' doctrine. + +The thing is amusing, if nothing else, and I heard it while staying +some few years ago with my brother, who lives on the edges of the +Cambridgeshire fens. + +E.H. + + +_Wife of Robert de Bruce_.--In the Surrenden Collection is an +interesting roll, entitled "Liberatio facta Ingelardo de Warlee +Custodi Garderobe, 7 E. 2." + +It is, as its title imports, the release to the keeper of the +wardrobe, for one year's accounts, aº. 7 E. 2. + +I shall probably be able to send you therefrom a few "notes" +illustrative of the history of that time. + +As a commencement, I think that the subjoined "note" will interest +your historical readers. + +It appears that the unfortunate wife of Robert Bruce was then +consigned to the care of the Abbess of Barking, with an allowance of +20s. per week for the same. She was, I believe, the daughter of +Henry de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, and died in 1328. In the above roll +there is the following entry:-- + + "Cs liberati Anne de Veer Abbatisse de Berkyng, + per manus domini Roberti de Wakfeld clerici, super + expensis domine Elizabethe uxoris Roberti de Brus, + percipientis per ebdomadum xxs., et ibidem perhendinantis." + + "Cs liberati Johanni de Stystede valletto Abbatisse + de Berkyng, per manus proprias, super expensis + Domine de Brus in Abbathia de Berkyng perhendinantis." + + +It does not appear, in the above roll, how long the hapless queen +remained in the abbey. + +LAMBERT B. LARKING. +Ryarsh Vicarage. Dec. 14. 1849. + + +_The Talisman of Charlemagne_.--I beg to refer your correspondent, +on the subject of Charlemagne's Talisman, to what professes to be a +correct representation of this antique relic, in _The Illustrated +London News_, of March 8th, 1845; but it is not there described as +"a small nut, in a gold filigree envelopment," and gives the idea of +an ornament much too large for the finger or even wrist of any lady: +that paper says,-- + + "This curious object of virtu is described in the + Parisian journals as, 'la plus belle relique de + l'Europe;' and it has, certainly, excited considerable + interest in the archæological and religious circles of + the continent. The talisman is of fine gold, of round + form, as our illustration shows, set with gems, and in + the centre are two rough sapphires, and a portion of + the Holy Cross; besides other relics brought from the Holy Land." + +The rest of the description much resembles your correspondent's, and +asserts the talisman to be at that time the property of Prince Louis +Napoleon, then a prisoner in the château of Ham. + +S.A.M. + + +_Sayers the Caricaturist._--In Wright's _England under the House of +Hanover_, vol. ii. p. 83 _n_., it is stated that James Sayer, the +caricaturist, "died in the earlier part of the present century, no +long time after his patron, Pitt." In _Sepulchral Reminiscences of a +Market Town_, by Mr. Dawson Turner (Yarmouth, 8vo. 1848), p. 73 +_n_., the caricaturist is called Sayers, and is said to have died on +the 20th of April, 1823. + +C.H. COOPER. +Cambridge, Dec. 29. 1849. + + +_May-Day_.--To what old custom does the following passage allude? + + "It is likewise on the first day of this month [May] + that we see the ruddy milk-maid exerting herself in a + most sprightly manner under a pyramid of silver + tankards, and, like the virgin Tarpeia, oppressed by the + costly ornaments which her benefactors lay upon her." + --_Spectator_, No. 365. + +MELANION. + +[Our correspondent will find much curious illustration of this now +obsolete custom in Strutt's _Sports and Pastimes_ p. 357. (ed. +Hone), where the preceding passage from the _Spectator_ is quoted; +and we are told "these decorations of silver cups, tankards, &c. +were borrowed for the purpose, and hung round the milk pails (with +the addition of flowers and ribands), which the maidens _carried +upon their heads_ when they went to the houses of their customers, +and danced in order to obtain a small gratuity from each of them." +In Tempest's _Cryes of London_ there is a print of a well-known +merry milk-maid, Kate Smith, dancing with the milk pail decorations +upon her head. See also Hone's _Every Day Book_, i. p. 576.] + + +_Dr. Dee's Petition_.--There is no mention of Dr. Dee's petition to +King James in the list of his works in Tanner's _Bibliotheca +Britannica_; but in Beloe's _Anecdotes_, vol. ii. p. 263., is an +account of the preface to a scarce work of his, in which he defends +himself from the charge of being a conjurer, or caller of divels, +&c. + +Tanner mentions his _Supplication to Queen Mary for the Recovery of +Ancient Writings and Monuments_. + +I fear, however, that your correspondent is {188} acquainted with +these more easily obtained accounts of Dr. Dee's works. + +the _Dictionary_ of M. l'Abbé Ladoocat states that he died in +England, A.D. 1607, at the age of 81; so that his petition to James +must have been made at the close of his life. + +HERMES. + + +_Lines quoted by Goethe_.--I beg to inform your correspondent +"TREBOR," that he will find the lines quoted by Goethe in his +_Autobiography_, in Rochester's _Satire against Mankind_. + +J.S. + + +_Queen Mary's Expectations_.--Most persons have heard of the anxiety +of Queen Mary I., for the birth of a child, and of her various +disappointments; but many may not be aware that among the Royal +Letters in the State Paper Office, are letters in French, prepared +in expectation of the event, addressed by Queen Mary, without date, +except "Hampton Court, 1555" (probably about May), to her +father-in-law, the Emperor Charles V., to Henry II., King of France, +to Eleonora, Queen Dowager of France, to Ferdinand I., King of +Bohemia, to Mary, the Queen Dowager of Bohemia, to the Doge of +Venice, to the King of Hungary, and to the Queen Dowager of Hungary, +announcing to each the birth of her child, the word being so written +_fil_, as to admit of being made _filz_, or of an easy alteration to +the feminine _fille_, if necessary. + +J.E. + + +_Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns_.--I saw it mentioned in a review +in the _Guardian_ some few weeks ago, as one merit of the last +edition of the Book of Common Prayer, published by Eyre and +Spottiswoode, that it had restored Bishop Ken's Morning and Evening +Hymns to their original purity. + +I have no means of accurately testing this assertion by reference to +any undoubted version of the date of the original publication, but I +have no doubt that this might easily be done through the medium of +your paper; and I think you will agree with me that, if it should be +substantiated, not only is credit due to the Queen's printers, but +also that it is an example which ought to be followed, without +exception, in all future editions of the Prayer Book. + +The variations, which I have noted in the ordinary version of the +Hymns, as given in other Prayer Books, are too numberous to be +inserted here, not to mention the omission of several stanzas, three +in the Morning Hymn, together with the Doxology, and one in the +Evening Hymn. + +If they be false readings, no doubt they have been allowed to creep +in inadvertently, and need only pointing out to be corrected. It +occurred to me that this might be done more effectually in your +columns, and I venture to hope that you will not consider it a task +unworthy the high aim which you have in view in your admirable +publication. + +OXONIENSIS. + +[Bishop Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns have been restored in +Messrs. Eyre and Spottiswoode's last rubricated edition of the +Common Prayer, as far as was practicable; they were carefully +collated with the original, and all variations corrected, except +those which would materially affect immemorial use. The entire hymns +are of great length, but all those verses which have been at all +generally sung in churches are to be found in the edition to which +we refer. + +We may take this opportunity of noticing that the Queen's printers +have lately restored the lesser Saints' Days to the kalendar in +their smaller editions of the Common Prayer. We are not aware of any +other similar editions in which the kalendar appears thus complete.] + + +_Etymology of "Daysman_."--What is the etymology of _Daysman_, +which, in the Book of Job, and in some of our provincial dialects, +means a mediator or arbitrator? + +MARK ANTONY LOWER. + +[NARES defines _Daysman_, an umpire or arbitrator, from his fixing a +day for decision; and adds, "Mr. Todd shows that _day_ sometimes +meant Judgment." Jacob, in his _Law Dictionary_, tells us, "Days-man +signifies, in the North of England, an arbitrator or person chosen +to determine an affair in dispute, who is called a _Dies-man_ or +_Days-man_." Jacob's definition may be again illustrated from +NARES:--"In Switzerland (as we are informed by Simlerus) they had +some common arbitrators, or _dayesmen_, in every towne, that made a +friendly composition betwixt man and man."--Burton, _Anat_.] + + +_Roland Monoux_.--In answer to your correspondent "M", p. 137., the +monumental brass in his possession is, no doubt, from the church at +_Edmonton_, Middlesex. Lysons (_Environs of London_, vol. ii. p. +263.), in his description of Edmonton Church, says, "Near the door +is a brass plate, with some English verses to the memory of ROLAND +MONOUX (no date)." He subjoins, in a _note_, "arms--on a chevron +betw. 3 oak-leaves as many bezants, on a chief 2 anchors, a market +for difference. On the brass plate are some English verses, nowise +remarkable." + +These arms (omitting the _chief_) are those borne by the Baronet +Monnoux of Sandy in Bedfordshire (extinct in 1814), who was +descended from Sir George Monox, of Walthamstow, Lord Mayor of +London, who died in 1543, to whom and his lady there are brasses in +Walthamstow Church. ROLAND of Edmonton was doubtless of the same +family. I am not able to give an opinion of the _date_ of the brass +in question; but it might be readily conjected from the style of its +execution. + +Your readers will, I am sure, all unite with me in commendation of +your correspondent "M's" correct feeling in offering to restore this +monument to its original site. I hope "M's" example will find many +followers. There are hundreds of {189} these pillaged brasses in the +hands of "collectors," and your admirable publication will have +effected a great public good, if it shall have been instrumental in +promoting their restoration. + +Cambridge, Jan. 1. 1850. +E. VENTRIS. + + * * * * * + + +_Ancient Motto_.--In reference to a query (No. 6. p. 93.), and a +reply (No. 7. p. 104.), permit me to remark, that St. Augustine, the +celebrated Bishop of Hippo, was the person who caused to be engraved +on his table the distich against detractors. Possidius, in his Life +of that Father (S. Augustini, _Opera Omnia_, Paris, 1690, vol. x. +part ii. p. 272.), gives the verses--no doubt an adaptation of +Horace--thus:-- + + "Quisquis amat dictis absentum rodere vitam + Hanc mensam indignam noverit esse sibi." + +The Benedictine editors subjoin two readings of the pentameter:-- + + "Hac mensa indignam noverit esse suam." + "Hanc mensam vetitam noverit esse sibi." + +LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE. + + * * * * * + + +_Mr. Cresswell and Miss Warneford_.--At p. 157. of the "NOTES AND +QUERIES," your correspondent "B." inquires about a pamphlet relating +to the marriage, many years ago, of Mr. Cresswell and Miss +Warneford. "P.C.S.S." cannot give the precise title of that pamphlet +in question; but he is enabled to state, on the authority of Watts +(_Biblioth. Brit._), and on that of his old friend Sylvanus Urban +(_Gent. Mag._ vol. xvii. p. 543.), that it was published in London, +towards the end of the year 1747, and that the very remarkable and +very disgraceful transactions to which it refers were afterwards (in +1749) made the subject of a novel, called _Dalinda_, or _The Double +Marriage_. Lond. 12mo. Price threepence. + +The gentleman who was the hero of this scandalous affair was Mr. +Thomas Estcourt Cresswell, of Pinkney Park, Wilts, M.P. for Wootton +Bassett. He married Anne, the sole and very wealthy heiress of +Edward Warneford, Esq. As it cannot be the object of the "NOTES AND +QUERIES" to revive a tale of antiquated scandal, "P.C.S.S." will not +place upon its pages the details of this painful affair--the cruel +injury inflicted upon Miss Scrope (the lady to whom Mr. Cresswell +was said to have been secretly married before his union with Miss +Warneford)--and the base and unmanly contrivance by which, it was +stated, that he endeavoured to keep possession of both wives at the +same time. Miss Scrope appears to have retained, for a considerable +time, a deep sense of her injuries; for in 1749 she published a +pamphlet, in her own name, called _Miss Scrope's Answer to Mr. +Cresswell's Narrative_. (Lond. Baldwin. Price 2s. 6d.) + +If "B." should be desirous of further information, he is referred, +by "P.C.S.S.," to the _General Evening Post_ of Oct. 3. and 31. +1747, to the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for that month and year, and to +the same work, vol. xix. pp. 192. 288. + +P.C.S.S. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Little as public attention has of late years been devoted to +commentating upon Pope, his writings and literary history, there are +no doubt many able and zealous illustrators of them among lovers of +literature for its own sake: and many a curious note upon the Bard +of Twickenham and his works will probably be evoked by the +announcement, that now is the moment when they may be produced with +most advantage, when Mr. Murray is about to bring forth a new +edition of Pope, under the able and experienced editorship of Mr. +Croker. Besides numerous original inedited letters, Mr. Croker's +edition will have the advantage of some curious books bought at the +Brockley Hall sale, including four volumes of Libels upon Pope, and +a copy of Ruffhead's Life of him, with Warburton's manuscript notes. + +No one has rendered better service to the study of Gothic +architecture in this country than Mr. J.H. Parker, of Oxford. The +value of his admirable _Glossary of Terms used in Architecture_, is +attested by the fact, that it has already reached a fourth edition, +and that another will soon be called for. But we doubt whether he +has done any thing better calculated to promote this interesting +branch of Archæology than by the production of his _Introduction to +the Study of Gothic Architecture_, which--originally written as part +of a series of elementary lectures recommended by the Committee of +the Oxford Architectural Society to be delivered to the junior +members, and considered useful and interesting by those who heard +them--is now published at the request of the Society. A more +interesting volume on the subject, or one better calculated to give +such a knowledge of it, as is essential to any thing like a just +appreciation of the peculiar characteristics of our church +architecture, could scarcely have been produced, while its compact +size and numerous illustrations fit it to become a tourist's +travelling companion. + +We have great pleasure in directing attention to the advertisement +inserted in another column respecting some improvements about to be +introduced into the GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. This venerable periodical +has maintained its station uninterruptedly in our literature from +the year 1731. From the times of Johnson and Cowper it has been the +medium by which many men of the greatest eminence have communicated +with the public. At all times it has been the sole depository of +much valuable information of a great variety of kinds. We are +confident that under the new management {190} it will put forth +fresh claims to the favour of the public. Many writers of high +reputation in historical and antiquarian literature are henceforth +to be enlisted in its service. We shall look for the forthcoming +number with great interest. + +Scheible, of Stuttgart, who is doubtless known to our readers as the +publisher of some very curious works illustrative of the popular +literature of Germany of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, +has just commenced a new Library of Magic, &c., or _Bibliothek der +Zanber-Geheimnisse-und Offenbarungs-Bucher_. The first volume of it +is devoted to a work ascribed to that prince of magicians, our old +familiar, Dr. Faustus, and bears the imposing title _Doktor Johannes +Faust's Magia Naturalis et Innaturalis, oder Dreifacher Höllenzwang, +leiztes Testament und Siegelkunst_. It is taken from a MS. of the +last century, filled with magical drawings and devices enough to +summon back again from the Red Sea all the spirits that ever were +laid in it. It is certainly a curious book to publish in the middle +of the nineteenth century. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell the extensive and valuable +Collection of MSS. in all languages formed by the late Mr. Rodd, on +Monday the 4th of February, and five following days. The catalogue +deserves the attention of all collectors of manuscripts, as it is, +as far as circumstances will admit, a classified one. There are +upwards of one thousand lots in the sale--many of a very curious and +interesting character. There are Greek and Latin versions of the +Scriptures, manuscripts of the 13th century, Ruding's original +collections for his _History of the Coinage of Great Britain_; which +work, it is stated, contains only a very small portion of the +materials he had brought together. One lot consists of a mass of +documents and papers contained in eight large packing cases, and +weighing from ten to fifteen hundred weight, of the families of +Eyre, of Derbyshire and Berkshire, and their intermarriages from the +reign of Henry II. to the present time. Well may Mr. Sotheby talk of +their proving a source of amusement to any person having room to +sort them, and time to devote to their arrangement. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, of Piccadilly, commence their sales on +Monday next, with a four days' miscellaneous sale of works on +theology, history, classics, voyages and travels, and standard works +in foreign and English general literature. They have some important +sales coming on, of which our readers shall have due notice. + +We have received the following new Catalogues:-- + +"Catalogue of valuable second-hand Books in Divinity, the Classics, +Law, and Miscellaneous, on sale by William Heath, 29 1/2. Lincoln's +Inn Fields." + +"Catalogue of curious and rare Books, all recently purchased, now on +sale by George Bumstead, No. 205. High Holborn." + +"Catalogue of Choice, Useful and Interesting Books, in fine +condition, on sale at the low Prices affixed, by W. Waller and Son, +188. Fleet Street." + +Messrs. Waller have also forwarded to us a Catalogue recently +published by them, which contains some curious "Manuscripts, +Historical Documents, and Autograph Letters." + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +(_In continuation of Lists in former Nos._) + + +PROPOSITIONES GEOMETRICÆ, MORE VETERUM DEMONSTRATÆ, AUCTORE MATTHÆO +STEWART, S.T.D. Edinburgi. 1763. + +HUDDESFORD'S WYCCAMICAL CHAPLET. 8vo. London, 1801. + +_Odd Volumes_. + +NARES' LIFE OF LORD BURLEIGH. 4to. Vol. III. (In boards.) DODD'S +CHURCH HISTORY. Small folio, 1739. Vol. II. (Or Vol. III. would be +given for it.) + +KNIGHT'S ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF ARABIAN NIGHTS. (Last part.) + +LEYBOURN'S MATHEMATICAL REPOSITORY. New Series. Vols. IV. V. VI. +London. 1819, 1830, 1835. + +THE LIVERPOOL APOLLONIUS. No. I. by J.H. SWALE. 1823. + +Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to Mr. BELL, publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet +Street. + + * * * * * + + +NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. + +T. _will find every information upon the Bibliography of Proverbs in +M.G. Duplessis_' Bibliographie Parémiologique, 8vo., _Paris_, 1847. + +MR. HICKSON'S _interesting Paper upon "Marlowe," in our next number. + +The Sale Catalogue of Dr. Graham's Library reached us too late for +notice_. + + +COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED.--_K.M.P.--P.H.F.--Gomer.--B.--A.D.M.-- +E.L.N.--D.--A Templar.--D. Stevens.--L.R.--J.E.B.M.--S.D.-- +Archæus.--Norris.--F.D.--Melanion.--A Cornishman.--R.J.S.-- +J.S.--V.--A.F.H.--Seleucus.--B.--M.--R.G.--Nathan.--J.M.--W.D.B._ + +_We have again to explain to correspondents who inquire as to the +mode of procuring_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _that every bookseller and +newsman will supply it,_ if ordered_, and that gentlemen residing in +the country may be supplied regularly with the Stamped Edition, by +giving their orders direct to the publisher_, Mr. GEORGE BELL, 186. +_Fleet Street, accompanied by a Post-Office order for a Quarter (4s. +4d.). + +A neat Case for holding the Numbers of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES" _until +the completion of each volume, is now ready, price 1s. 6d., and may +be had_, by Order, _of all Booksellers and Newsmen. + +We are again compelled to omit many Notes, Queries, and answers to +Queries, as well as Answers to Correspondents_. + + * * * * * + +{191} Illustrated by the Etching Club. In One Volume, square crown +8vo. 21s. cloth; or, 36s. bound in morocco, by Hayday. + +GOLDSMITH'S POETICAL WORKS. edited by BOLTON CORNEY. With engravings +on wood, from Designs by Members of the Etching Club. + +"That edition of the Poetical Works which had the benefit of Mr. +Bolton Corney's care and judgment in its preparation; and which, +apart from the grace and beauty of the Illustrations contributed to +it by the Etching Club, is by far the most correct and careful of +the existing editions of Goldsmith's poetry."--Forster's _Life of +Goldsmith_, p. 699. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, BREEN, AND LONGMANS; + +Of whom may be had, uniform with the above in size and price, + +THOMSON'S SEASONS. Edited by BOLTON CORNEY. With Wood Engravings, by +Members of the Etching Club. + + * * * * * + +Just published, a New Edition, Three Vols., crown 8vo., 1l. 11s. +9d., of + +THE DRAMATIC WORKS OF KIT MARLOWE, with some Account of his Life and +Writings by the Rev. ALEXANDER DYCE. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + +Just published, Part I. of THE DECORATIVE ARTS of the MIDDLE AGES. +By HENRY SHAW, F.S.A. The object of the present publication is to +exhibit, by means of a series of carefully executed Engravings +(taken from some of the best authorities now remaining) the peculiar +features, and general characteristics of Decorative Art, as applied +to the various materials on which it was employed, whether for +sacred or domestic purposes, from the Byzantine, or early Christian +period, to the decline of that termed the Renaissance. + +A Number will appear on the 1st of each month, containing Four +Plates, one of which will be coloured. Imperial 8vo., price 3s.; and +in imperial 4to., price 6s.; to be completed in Twenty-four Parts. + +A more detailed prospectus, and list of Mr. Shaw's other works, may +be had of the Publisher, or through any Bookseller. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 4s. 6d. + +PINACOTHECÆ HISTORICÆ SPECIMEN; sive Illvstrivm qvorvundam ingenia, +mores, fortvnæ, ad Inscriptionvm formam expressæ. Avctore F. +KILVERT, A.M. Pars Secvnda. + +"I am struck with the successful endeavour, in each case, to say +much in few words.--those words remarkably select, and expressive, +and appropriate,--exhibiting the noble characteristics of the Latin +language, as compared with every other, ancient or modern. This is a +rare excellence, and, therefore, I mention it first. But it is not +the greatest merit of your performance. There is a truth in the +delineation of character, and a devotion to rectitude and virtue in +your moral estimate, quite as remarkable as the felicity of diction +by which the varieties of each portrait are denoted. You have also +escaped the snare to which brevity (according to Horace's well-known +line), is exposed--obscurity."--_From a letter of the late Bishop of +Llandoff._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; of whom Part I., price 3s., +may be had. + + * * * * * + +Just published, price 1s. 8vo. sewed. + +PRACTICAL REMARKS ON BELFRIES AND RINGERS. By the Rev. H.F. +ELLACOMBE, M.A., Oriel College, Oxford, vicar of Bitton, +Gloucestershire. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; RIDLER, Bristol. + + * * * * * + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE AND HISTORICAL REVIEW. + +The next number of the "Gentleman's Magazine" (which will be +published on the 1st of February, 1850), will exhibit several +alterations in the character and arrangement of its contents, which +have been determined upon after due consideration of the present +state of our literature. + +Time was when the whole field of English Literature was before us, +and we were its only reapers. At that time the harvest was scarcely +rich enough to supply materials for our monthly comment. One hundred +and twenty years have produced a marvelous revolution. Our +literature has grown and expanded, and been divided and subdivided, +and has still gone on growing and increasing, until--such is its +wonderful extent and fertility--every separate branch maintains its +independent organ, and we ourselves, overpowered by a growth which +we were the first to foster, have gradually been compelled, by our +limited space, to allow one subject after another to drop from under +our notice. + +Still, amidst many minor alterations, we have kept an unweakened +hold upon certain main subjects. HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, and ARCHÆOLOGY +have never been neglected, and our OBITUARY has grown into a record +which, even we ourselves may say, has become a permanent and +important portion of the literature of our country. + +The changes we are now about to introduce have for their design a +more strict adherence to what we look upon as our peculiar path. We +shall henceforth devote ourselves more particularly--we may say +almost exclusively--to the great subjects we have mentioned. Space +that has been given to other matters will be curtailed, variations +in type and arrangement will afford additional room, and all that +can in any way be gained will be devoted to our main and peculiar +purpose. + +We have made arrangements to secure for our pages, by a liberal +outlay, contributions from gentlemen most competent to write upon +their respective subjects of study, and shall strive, more than +ever, to be a worthy organ and representative of that most valuable +and peculiarly interesting branch of literature which has for its +object the instruction of mankind by the study and the perpetuation +of whatever is now doing, or whatever has been done in times past, +which is worthy of being kept in remembrance. We shall endeavour to +put forth a miscellany which will be attractive from its variety, +and from the skill with which its several subjects are treated, and +will be permanently valuable from the importance of the matters to +which it relates. + +In principles and general tone of management we have nothing to +retract, nothing to alter. History is Truth, or it is a mere +delusion. The discovery and the establishment of Historical Truth, +in all its branches, are our objects, and we shall continue to +pursue them, as we have done in times past, faithfully and honestly, +but, as we purpose and intend, more diligently and more undividedly. + +Contributions should be addressed, post paid, To the Editor of the +"Gentleman's Magazine" to the care of Messrs. Nichols and Son, 25. +Parliament Street, Westminster. + +The "Gentleman's Magazine" is published by Messrs. J.B. Nichols and +Son, 25. Parliament Street, Westminster, on the first day of every +month, price 2s. 6d. and may be obtained of all booksellers. + + * * * * * + +{192} No. I., for 1850, of +JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, OLD AND NEW, + +On sale at 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square, is ready this day, +to be had gratis, and is sent (if required) postage free to any +Book-buyer. The prices are for ready money only. + +The following List has been made with a view to exhibit the +character of the selections for the Catalogue generally, as well as +the moderate prices affixed. + +It is published regularly every month, with occasional supplemental +sheets and classed Catalogues, embodying in its contents, throughout +the year, works on Archæology, History, Biography, Topography, +Classics, Divinity, Language, &c. together with Poetry and the +Drama, collections relating to Irish History and Antiquities, Books +of Prints, Architecture, Books of Sports, and Treatises on Geology +and Mineralogy, Botany, Gardening, and Domestic Economy. + +ANGLING BOOKS:--FISHER'S ANGLING SOUVENIR, beautifully illustrated. +Fcap. 8vo. half morocco binding, 7s. 6d.--HOFLAND'S BRITISH ANGLER'S +MANUAL, by JESSE. Nearly 100 Engravings. Post 8vo. 8s. 6d--CHITTY'S +FLY-FISHER'S TEXT-BOOK. 12 beautiful Steel Plates. 8vo. half calf, +gilt, 7s. 6d. + +BALLAD COLLECTIONS:--EVANS' OLD BALLADS. Best Edition. 4 vols. 8vo. +12s. 6d. 1810--GUTCH'S ROBIN HOOD GARLANDS and BALLADS, profusely +illustrated by FAIRHOLT. 2 vols. 8vo. 18s. 6d. 1847.--NICHOL'S +SELECT COLLECTION OF FUGITIVE POETRY. 8 vols. 18mo. half calf. +Portraits. 6s. 6d.--RITSON'S ENGLISH ANTHOLOGY. 3 vols. post 8vo. +half morocco extra. 14s. 6d. 1794.--RITSON'S SELECT COLLECTIONS of +ENGLISH SONGS. 3 vols. post 8vo. calf neat, with Music, 15s. +1783.--ROWTON'S FEMALE POETS OF GREAT BRITAIN, Chronologically +arranged. Square 8vo. 10s. 6d. 1848. + +BOOKS OF SPORTS:--BLOME'S GENTLEMAN'S RECREATION IN THE SPORTS OF +HORSEMANSHIP, HAWKING, HUNTING, FOWLING, FISHING, &c. Folio, calf +neat, fine Plates. 1l. 1s. 1710.--GALLERY OF ENGLISH RACE-HORSES AND +PORTRAITS OF SPORTSMEN. 73 Plates. Imp. 8vo. cloth, gilt, 15s. +1844.--MORLEY'S ESSAY ON ARCHERY, 8vo. Plates. Half calf, gilt, 5s. +1792. + +BOSWELL'S (J.) LIFE OF DR. S. JOHNSON, including his Tour to the +Hebrides, to which is added Anecdotes by Hawkins, Piozzi, Murphy, +Tyers, Reynolds, Stevens, &c. Edited by J.W. CROKER. Cloth. 50 +Plates, 1l. 1s. 1835. + +BROWN'S (SIR THOMAS) COMPLETE WORKS, containing his Vulgar Errors, +Religio Medici, and Miscellaneous Writings, complete in 1 vol. +folio, calf, gilt, fine port, by White, 18s. + +BUCKLAND'S RELIQUIÆ DILUVINÆ, on OBSERVATIONS ON THE ORGANIC +REMAINS, contained in Caves, Fissures, and Diluvian Gravel, and of +other Geological Phenomena. 4to. Fine Plates, some coloured, scarce, +1l. 1s. + +BURTON'S (T.) CROMWELLIAN DIARY, from 1656 to 1659, published from +the Original Autograph Manuscript, with an Introduction, containing +an Account of the Parliament of 1654, edited and illustrated with +Notes, by J.T. RUTT. 4 vols. 8vo. front., neatly bound in half calf, +gilt, 16s. + +BYRON'S (LORD) LETTERS AND JOURNALS, with Notices of his Life, by +THOMAS MOORE, 3 vols. 8vo., illustrated with 44 Engravings by the +Findens, from Designs by Turner, Stanfield, &c., elegantly +half-bound morocco, marble edges, by Hayday, 1l. 8s. + +COVERDALE'S BIBLE. The Holy Scriptures faithfully and truly +translated by MILES COVERDALE, Bishop of Exeter, 1535, reprinted +from the Duke of Sussex's copy. 4to. very elegantly bound in purple +calf, blind tooled in antique style, gilt edges, fine copy. 2l. 2s. +Bagster, 1838. + +DANIELL'S (WM.) SKETCHES, representing the Native Tribes, Animals, +and Scenery of Southern Africa, from Drawings made by S. DANIELL. +Royal 4to. half bd. morocco, uncut, consisting of 48 fine engravings +of animals, scenery, portraits of the various tribes, &c. Proofs on +India paper, 1l. 1s. 1820. + +EARLY ENGLISH DRAMA. DODSLEY'S Select Collection of Old Plays. 12 +vols. 12mo. old calf, gilt, neat. 1l. 1s.--DRYDEN'S Entire Dramatic +Works. 6 Vols. 12mo. calf, neat print. 8s. 6d. 1717.--SHIRLEY'S +Dramatic Works and Poems. By the Rev. A. DYCE. 6 vols. 8vo., +portrait. 1l. 4s. 1833.--MIDDLETON'S (THOMAS) Dramatic Works, with +Life and Notes, by the Rev. A. DYCE. 5 vols. 8vo. With autograph of +LEIGH HUNT. 1l. 4s. 1840. + +FREEMASONS' (The) QUARTERLY REVIEW, from its commencement in 1834, +to the Year 1847, inclusive. 14 vols. 8vo. newly and elegantly half +bound, purple calf, backs emblematically tooled, only 3l. 10s. +1834-47. + +GIBBON'S (E.) HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. 6 +vols. 4to. calf, gilt, good copy. 1l. 5s. 1788. + +KAY'S SERIES OF ORIGINAL PORTRAITS AND CARICATURE ETCHINGS, with +Biographical Sketches and Illustrative Anecdotes. 2 thick vols. 4to. +half bd., morocco, marbled edges. 329 engraved portraits. 3l. 13s. +6d. 1838. + +NICOLAS'S (Sir H.) TESTAMENTA VETUSTA, being Illustrations from +Wills of Manners and Customs as well as of the Descents and +Possessions of many Distinguished Families, from the Reign of Henry +the Second, to the Accession of Queen Elizabeth, with Notes by Sir +Harris Nicolas. 2 vols. royal 8vo. bds. 15s. 1826. + +PAYNE'S ROYAL DRESDEN GALLERY, from Pictures of the Great Masters. 2 +vols. 4to. Complete in parts: a Subscriber's copy, fine plates. 1l. +16s. 1849. + +PLOWDON'S (Dr. F.) HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE STATE OF IRELAND, from +the Invasion of Henry II. to its Union with Great Britain in 1801; +with Appendices of Original Papers. Portrait. 3 vols. 4to. Half +calf, uncut. 1l. 1s. 1803. + +SCRIPTORES REI RESTICÆ. Opera Agricolationum Columellæ, Varronis, +Catonisque, nec non Paladii. Annot. Beroaldi. Folio, calf, fine +copy, rubricated capitals, gilt edges. 16s. Bononiæ, 1504. + +STRUTT'S CHRONICLE OF ENGLAND, or a Complete History, Civil and +Ecclesiastical, of the Ancient Britons and Saxons, from Cæsar to the +Conquest, with a View of Manners, Customs, Habits, &c. Many Plates, +2 vols. 4to. half bd. russia, neat, 1l. 10s. 1777. + +WILBERFORCE (WILLIAM), THE LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE OF, edited and +arranged by his Sons, the Rev. R.T. WILBERFORCE and the Rev. SAM. +WILBERFORCE. 5 vols. crown 8vo. Portraits, &c. Calf, gilt. 1l. 4s. +1838. + +WILKIE. THE GALLERY, with Notices Biographical and Critical, a +Portrait of WILKIE, and a View of his Birth-place. Folio, 44 fine +Engravings. 2l. 2s. A subscriber's copy. 1849. + +WILLIAM III.--LETTERS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE REIGN OF, from 1696 to +1708, addressed to the Duke of SHREWSBURY, by JAMES VERNON, Esq., +Secretary of State, now first published from the Originals, edited +by G.P.R. JAMES, Esq., 3 vols. 8vo. Fine portrait. Half calf, gilt, +14s. 6d. 1841. + +JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. +New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of +London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in +the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, +Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, January +19. 1850. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes & Queries 1850.01.19, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES & QUERIES 1850.01.19 *** + +***** This file should be named 11575-8.txt or 11575-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/5/7/11575/ + +Credits: Jon Ingram, Susan Lucy and PG Distributed Proofreaders. +Produced from page scans provided by Internet Library of Early +Journals. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + +Each eBook is in a subdirectory of the same number as the eBook's +eBook number, often in several formats including plain vanilla ASCII, +compressed (zipped), HTML and others. + +Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks replace the old file and take over +the old filename and etext number. The replaced older file is renamed. +VERSIONS based on separate sources are treated as new eBooks receiving +new filenames and etext numbers. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + +EBooks posted prior to November 2003, with eBook numbers BELOW #10000, +are filed in directories based on their release date. If you want to +download any of these eBooks directly, rather than using the regular +search system you may utilize the following addresses and just +download by the etext year. For example: + + https://www.gutenberg.org/etext06 + + (Or /etext 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00, 99, + 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90) + +EBooks posted since November 2003, with etext numbers OVER #10000, are +filed in a different way. The year of a release date is no longer part +of the directory path. The path is based on the etext number (which is +identical to the filename). The path to the file is made up of single +digits corresponding to all but the last digit in the filename. For +example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at: + + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/0/2/3/10234 + +or filename 24689 would be found at: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/8/24689 + +An alternative method of locating eBooks: + https://www.gutenberg.org/GUTINDEX.ALL + + |